FI L ED U.S. COURT OF APPEAL S EL EVENTHCI RCUI T OCT 28, 2008 THOMAS K. KAH

N CL ERK [DO NOT PUBLISH] IN THE UN ITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE ELE VENTH CIRCUIT

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ No. 0 7- 15 94 6 Non -Arg um en t Ca le nd ar

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ D. C. Dock etNo. 0 7- 10 03 6- CR-KM M UNITED STAT ES OF AMERIC A, Pl ai nt iff -Ap pe ll ee, ve rs us ALFREDO RIVERA PAJON, Defen da nt -Ap pe ll an t.

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ App eal fro m

th e Uni te d S ta te s Di st ric t Co urt fo r th e So uthe rnDis tri ctof F lo rid a

__ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ (Oc to ber 2 8, 2 00 8) Befo re BLACK, MAR CUS an d WILSON, Circu itJu dg es . PER CURI AM:Alfr ed o R iv era P ajon ap pe al s h is 60 -m on th up wardva ria nc e se nt en ce

im po se d a fte r pl ead in g g ui lt y to co ns pi racy to s m

ug gl e al ie ns res ul ti ng inser io us bo di ly inju ry , invi ol at io n o f 8 U.S.C . § 13 24 (a)( 1) (A)(v )(I), a ndun la wfu l en try in to Cuba n t erri to ria l wat ers , invi ol at io n o f 50 U.S.C. § 19 2. Onap pe al , Pajon arg ue s t ha t h is sen te nc e is pro cedur al ly unr eas on ab le be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt fai le d t o a de qu at el y

ex pl ai n i ts ap pl ic at io n o f th e 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 53 (a) fa ct or s an d fai le d t o app ly the se fact or s t o P ajon in di vi du al ly. Pajon als o a rg ue s t ha t h is se nt en ce i s s ub st an ti ve ly unr eas on ab le be cau se th e d is tri ctco urt d idno t p ro vi de a su ffi ci en tl y

co m pe ll in g ju st ifi cat io n fo r im po si ng anup wardva ria nc e. W e rev ie w th e se nt en ce i m po se d b y th e d is tri ctco urt fo r rea so nabl en es s. Uni te d Sta tes v. Ta ll ey , 43 1 F .3d78 4, 7 85 (11 thCir . 20 05 ). The re as on ab le ne ss st an da rdm ean s re vi ew fo r ab us e o f di sc ret io n. Gal l v. Un it ed Stat es , 55 2 U.S.

__ _, 1 28 S. Ct. 5 86 , 59 7 (2 00 7) . Firs t, we l oo k fo r anex pl an at io n o f th e se nt en ce in th e rec or d s uf

fic ie nt“ to all ow fo r m ean in gf ul ap pe ll at e rev ie w andto pro m ot e th e p erce pt io n o f fai r se nt en ci ng .” Id. Next , a se nt en ce i s p ro cedur al ly un reas on ab le if t he di st ric t co urt fa il edto cal cu la te or i nc orrect ly calcu la te d t he gu id el in es , tre at edth e g ui de li ne s as m an da to ry , fai le d t o c on si de r th e § 35 53 (a) fact or s, s el ect eda se nt en ce b as edon cle arl y erro ne ou s fa ct s, o r fai le d t o ad equa te ly exp la in th e ch os ensen te nc e. Gal l , 55 2 U.S. at__ _, 1 28 S. Ct. at59 7. 2Sect io n 3 55 3( a) p ro vi de s t ha t d is tri ctco urts m us t co ns id er, in te r a li a : (1 ) th e ap pl ic ab le gu id el in es ran ge ; (2 ) th e n atur e an d c irc um st an ces of t he of fen se ; (3 ) th e h is to ry

an d c haract eri st ic s o f th e d efen da nt ; (4 ) th e n eedforth e se nt en ce i m

po se d t o re fle ctth e se rio us ne ss of t he off en se , to pro m ot e res pe ctfor th e la w, andto pro vi de jus t p un is hm en t fo r th e o ffen se ; (5 ) th e n eedfor ad equa te de te rren ce t o c riminal co nduc t; (6) pro te ct io n o f th e p ub li c fro m furth er cr im es of th e d efen da nt ; an d (7 ) th e n eedto av oi d u nwa rran te d s en te nc in g d is pa rit ie s. 1 8 U.S.C. § 3 55 3( a)(1 )-(6 ). Inth e p res en t ca se , th e d is tri ctco urt co m m it te d n o s ig ni fic an t p ro cedur al erro r. The re co rdco nt ai ns anex pl an at io n o f th e d is tri ctco urt’s ra ti on al e fo r im po si ng anab ov e-g ui de li ne s s en te nc e su ffi ci en t “ to all ow fo r m ean in gf ul ap pe ll at e rev ie w.” Se e Gal l , 55 2 U.S. at__ _, 1 28 S. Ct. at59 0. Th e d is tri ctco urt co ns id eredbo thPajon ’s arg um en t as to why he sh ou ldrece iv e a m in orrol e ad jus tm en t an d t he go ve rn m en t’s ar gu m en t tha t Pa jonwas aco -co ns pi rat orwho ha d i de nt ifi edhi m se lf a s an op erat orof t he ve ss el . Furt he r, th e co urt co ns id ered Pajo n’s ar gu m en ts fora se nt en ce wi th in th e g ui de li ne s o n the ba si s o f hi s acce pt an ce o f res po ns ib il ity forhi s co nduc t. Bef

or e im po si ng th e se nt en ce, the co urt s pe ci fic al ly fou ndth atPajon was “ equa ll y cu lp ab le .” Acco rd in gl y , th e co urt

3co nduc te d “ anin di vi du al iz edass es sm en t b as edon th e fac ts pre se nt ed .” Gal l , 55 2

U.S. at _

__ , 12 8 S . Ct. at59 0. The d is tri ctco urt s ta te d t ha t i t h adco ns id eredth e advi so ry gu id el in es an d al l o f th e st atut ory

fact or s. Itwas e nt it le d t o e m ph as iz e th e n eedto pro m ot e res pe ctforth e la w andde te rren ce. Thu s Pa jon ’s sen te nc e is pro cedur al ly reas on ab le be cau se th e rec or d d em on st rat es th atth e d is tri ctco urt p ro pe rly co nduc te d a n i nd iv idua li zedan al y si s o f th e p res en te nc e in ve st ig at io n re po rt, t he § 3 55 3( a) fa ct or s, an d t he pa rti es ’ st at em en ts , andm ad e ad equa te fin di ng s ex pl ai ni ng it s b as is forsen te nc in g. Onc e we co nc lu de th atth e d is tri ctco urt m ad e n o p ro cedur al erro rs , we th en co ns id er “ th e subs ta nt iv e rea so nabl en es s o f th e se nt en ce i m po se d u nd er an ab us e-o f-d is cret io n s ta nd ard .” Gal l , 55 2 U.S. at__ _, 1 28 S. Ct. at59 7. Su ch rev ie w ent ai ls de te rm in in g wh ethe r th e se nt en ce i s s up po rte d b y th e § 35 53 (a) fact or s. Id

. at 6 00 . Reas on ab le ne ss rev ie w is “ de fere nt ia l” an d “ th e p arty who ch al le ng es th e se nt en ce b ears th e b ur de n o f es tabl is hi ng th atth e se nt en ce i s un reas on ab le inli gh t o f bo th [th e] reco rdan d t he fact or s i n s ect io n 3 55 3( a).” Ta ll ey , 43 1 F .3dat 7 88 . Afte r co rrec tl y

cal cu la ti ng th e ad vi so ry

gu id el in es ran ge , th e d is tri ctco urt m ay im po se a m or e se ve re o r le ni en t s en te nc e, so lo ng as the res ul ti ng sen te nc e is 4reas on ab le . Uni te d Sta tes v. Va ln or , 45 1 F .3d74 4, 7 50 (11 th Cir . 20 06 ). If a

di st ric t co urt d eci de s t ha t a s en te nc e o ut si de th atran ge is ap pr op ria te , itm us t

“ co ns id er the ex te ntof t he de vi at io n a nden su re tha t the jus ti fic at io n i s s uf fic ie nt ly co m pe ll in g t o s up po rt t he de gr ee o f th e v ari an ce.” Gal l , 55 2 U.S. at__ _, 1 28 S. Ct . at 5 97 . Pajo n’s s en te nc e o f 60 m on th s’ im pr is on m en t, ab ov e th e g ui de li ne s ra ng e o f 37 to 46 m on th s, i s n ota subs ta nt ia l d ev ia ti on co ns id eri ng itis well be lo w th e st atut ory m ax im um of 2 0 years f

orCo un t 1 an d 1 0 years f orCo un t 1 2. Se e Gal l , 55 2 U.S. at__

_, 1 28 S. Ct. at59 7. In ad di ti on , th e n eedto pro m ot e d et erre nc e an d res pe ctforth e la w are l eg it im at e co nc ern s u nd er § 35 53 (a), an d t he em ph as is th e di st ric t co urt p la cedon th es e fac to rs m eri ts de fere nc e in li gh t o f th e fac t tha t the di st ric t co urt al so co ns id eredth e res t o f th e st atut ory fact or s. W e co nc lu de th atth e d is tri ctco urt fo ll owe d p ro pe r se nt en ci ng pro cedur es by m ak in g fi nd in gs su ffi ci en t t o a ll ow fo r m ean in gf ul ap pe ll at e rev ie w andby co ns id eri ng fact or s p ers on al to Pajon when de te rm in in g h is sen te nc e u nd er 1 8 U.S.C. § 35 53 (a). Als o, b ecau se Pajon ’s sen te nc e is supp orte d b y a su ffi ci en tl y co m pe ll in g ju st ifi cat io n, we co nc lu de th atth e d is tri ctco urt d idno t ab us e it s di sc ret io n b y

im po si ng a se nt en ce ab ov e th e g ui de li ne s rang e. Bas edup on th e

5fo reg oi ng an d o urrev ie w of the reco rdan d t he pa rti es bri efs , we affi rm Pajon ’s se nt en ce as reas on ab le . AFFIRMED.

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