# Patent

## Title
Integrated circuit device and electronic instrument

## Abstract

An integrated circuit device having a display memory, wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects VSSL for supplying a first power supply voltage VSS to memory cells MC are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which a plurality of wordlines WL are formed; and wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects VDDL for supplying a second power supply voltage VDD to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which a plurality of bitlines BL are formed, the second power supply voltage VDD being higher than the first power supply voltage VSS. A plurality of bitline protection interconnects SHD are formed in a layer above the bitlines BL, and each of the bitline protection interconnects SHD at least partially covers one of the bitlines BL in a plan view. A third power supply interconnect GL for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits other than the display memory are formed in a layer above the bitline protection interconnects SHD, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage VDD.

## Background
Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-192684, filed on Jun. 30, 2005, is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an integrated circuit device and an electronic instrument.
In recent years, an increase in resolution of a display panel provided in an electronic instrument has been demanded accompanying a widespread use of electronic instruments. Therefore, a driver circuit which drives a display panel is required to exhibit high performance. However, since many types of circuits are necessary for a high-performance driver circuit, the circuit scale and the circuit complexity tend to be increased in proportion to an increase in resolution of a display panel. Therefore, since it is difficult to reduce the chip area of the driver circuit while maintaining the high performance or providing another function, manufacturing cost cannot be reduced.
A high-resolution display panel is also provided in a small electronic instrument, and high performance is demanded for its driver circuit. However, the circuit scale cannot be increased to a large extent since a small electronic instrument is limited in space. Therefore, since it is difficult to reduce the chip area while providing high performance, a reduction in manufacturing cost or provision of another function is difficult.
In particular, when reducing the size of the chip including a display memory, since a minute current flows through a bitline connected with memory cells, the chip tends to be affected by noise. Therefore, the potential of the bitline becomes unstable, whereby an erroneous detection occurs.
The invention of JP-A-2001-222276 cannot solve the above problems.
SUMMARY
According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein a plurality of bitline protection interconnects are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the bitline protection interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory are formed in a layer above the bitline protection interconnects, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.
According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein the wordlines are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the wordlines at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view, and each of the first power supply interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory is formed in a layer above the wordlines, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.
According to a third aspect of the invention, there is provided an electronic instrument, comprising:
any of the above-described integrated circuit devices; and
a display panel.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING
FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams showing an integrated circuit device according to one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 2A is a diagram showing a part of a comparative example for the embodiment, and FIG. 2B is a diagram showing a part of the integrated circuit device according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a configuration example of the integrated circuit device according to the embodiment.
FIG. 4 is a configuration example of a display memory according to the embodiment.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram of the integrated circuit device according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 6A and 6B are diagrams showing a configuration example of a data line driver.
FIG. 7 is a configuration example of a data line driver cell according to the embodiment.
FIG. 8 is a diagram showing a comparative example according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 9A to 9D are diagrams illustrative of the effect of a RAM block according to the embodiment.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship of the RAM blocks according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 11A and 11B are diagrams illustrative of reading of data from the RAM block.
FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrative of data latching of a divided data line driver according to the embodiment.
FIG. 13 is a diagram showing the relationship between the data line driver cells and sense amplifiers according to the embodiment.
FIG. 14 is another configuration example of the divided data line drivers according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 15A and 15B are diagrams illustrative of an arrangement of data stored in the RAM block.
FIG. 16 is another configuration example of the divided data line drivers according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 17A to 17C are diagrams showing a configuration of a memory cell according to the embodiment.
FIG. 18 is a diagram showing the relationship between horizontal cells shown in FIG. 17B and the sense amplifiers.
FIG. 19 is a diagram showing the relationship between a memory cell array using the horizontal cells shown in FIG. 17B and the sense amplifiers.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing memory cell arrays and peripheral circuits in an example in which two RAMs are adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. 3A.
FIG. 21A is a diagram showing the relationship between the sense amplifier and a vertical memory cell according to the embodiment, and FIG. 21B is a diagram showing a selective sense amplifier SSA according to the embodiment.
FIG. 22 is a diagram showing the divided data line drivers and the selective sense amplifiers according to the embodiment.
FIG. 23 is an arrangement example of the memory cells according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 24A and 24B are timing charts showing the operation of the integrated circuit device according to the embodiment.
FIG. 25 is another arrangement example of data stored in the RAM block according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 26A and 26B are timing charts showing another operation of the integrated circuit device according to the embodiment.
FIG. 27 is still another arrangement example of data stored in the RAM block according to the embodiment.
FIG. 28 is a diagram showing a modification according to the embodiment.
FIG. 29 is a timing chart illustrative of the operation of the modification according to the embodiment.
FIG. 30 is an arrangement example of data stored in the RAM block in the modification according to the embodiment.
FIGS. 31A and 31B are illustrative of data detection.
FIG. 32 shows a bitline protection interconnect of the memory cell according to the embodiment.
FIG. 33 shows the bitline protection interconnect in the RAM block according to the embodiment.
FIG. 34 is another diagram showing the bitline protection interconnect of the memory cell according to the embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENT
The invention may provide an integrated circuit device which can prevent an erroneous detection by protecting bitlines, even when the degrees of freedom of the layout of the integrated circuit device including a display memory are increased or the size of the integrated circuit device is reduced by providing an interconnect for supplying a relatively high voltage in a layer above the bitlines, and an electronic instrument including the same.
According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein a plurality of bitline protection interconnects are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the bitline protection interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory are formed in a layer above the bitline protection interconnects, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.
In the embodiment, since the bitline protection interconnect exists between the bitlines and the third power supply interconnect, capacitive coupling between the bitlines and the third power supply interconnect can be prevented. Therefore, a problem in which the potential of the bitline rises due to capacitive coupling when the potential of the third power supply interconnect rises can be prevented, for example. This prevents the potential of the bitline from becoming unstable, whereby data stored in the memory cell is not erroneously detected.
In this integrated circuit device, the wordlines may be formed in a layer between the layers in which the bitlines and the bitline protection interconnects are respectively formed, each of the wordlines at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view.
Since the wordlines are set at a select potential in one horizontal scan period within one vertical scan period and set at an unselect potential in the remaining period, the wordlines can exhibit a shielding function equal to that of the bitline protection interconnect.
In this integrated circuit device, each of the first power supply interconnects may at least partially cover one of the bitlines in a plan view.
Since the first power supply voltage supplied to the memory cell is constant (e.g. VSS), the first power supply interconnect can exhibit a bitline protection function equal to that of the bitline protection interconnect.
In this integrated circuit device,
each of the memory cells may have a short side and a long side;
in each of the memory cells, the bitlines may be formed along a first direction in which the short side of each of the memory cells extends; and
in each of the memory cells, the wordlines may be formed along a second direction in which the long side of each of the memory cells extends.
The above description shows an example of the memory cell layout to which the embodiment is applied.
In this layout, two of the first power supply interconnects may be provided in each of the memory cells.
In this case, capacitive coupling between the bitline in each memory cell and the third power supply interconnect can be prevented by the bitline protection interconnect, the wordline, and two first power supply interconnects.
In this integrated circuit device, a protection interconnect non-formation region in which the bitline protection interconnects are not formed may be provided in a layer above a region in which the first power supply interconnects are formed, or in a layer above a region in which the second power supply interconnects are formed.
Therefore, even if gas is generated in a layer below the bitline protection interconnects due to a heat treatment or the like after the formation of the bitline protection interconnects, the gas can be discharged through the protection interconnect non-formation region, whereby breakage of the interconnects of the memory cell and others can be prevented.
In this integrated circuit device, the bitline protection interconnects may extend in the first direction in which the bitlines extend.
This enables each of the bitlines to be entirely covered by one of the bitline protection interconnects in a plan view.
In this case, since the protection interconnect non-formation region can also extend in the first direction, the protection interconnect non-formation region is not formed above the bitlines.
Alternatively, the bitline protection interconnects may extend in the second direction, instead of the first direction.
In this case, since the protection interconnect non-formation region also extend in the second direction, part of the protection interconnect non-formation region is disposed above the bitlines. However, by disposing the protection interconnect non-formation region to a position above the wordlines or the first power supply interconnects in a plan view, the bitline protection function can be secured by the wordlines or the first power supply interconnects.
For instance, in this integrated circuit device,
two of the first power supply interconnects may be provided in each of the memory cells; and
end sections of one of the bitline protection interconnects in the first direction may at least partially cover the two of the first power supply interconnects in a plan view.
This causes the bitline protection interconnects or the first power supply interconnects to always exist between the bitlines and the third power supply interconnect in a plan view.
In this integrated circuit device, one of the first and second power supply voltages may be supplied to the bitline protection interconnects.
This causes the bitline protection interconnects to be set at a constant potential instead of a floating potential, and so the bitline protection function which prevents capacitive coupling is improved. Alternatively, for this purpose, the bitline protection interconnects may be electrically connected to one of the first and second power supply interconnects.
According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein the wordlines are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the wordlines at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view, and each of the first power supply interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory is formed in a layer above the wordlines, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.
In this embodiment, capacitive coupling between the bitlines and the third power supply interconnect can be prevented by the wordlines and the first power supply interconnects without providing the bitline protection interconnect.
According to one embodiment of the invention, there is provided an electronic instrument, comprising:
any of the above-described integrated circuit devices; and
a display panel.
In this electronic instrument, the integrated circuit device may be mounted on a substrate which forms the display panel.
In this electronic instrument, the integrated circuit device may be mounted on a substrate which forms the display panel so that the wordlines of the integrated circuit device are parallel to a direction in which the data lines of the display panel extend.
These embodiments of the invention will be described below, with reference to the drawings. Note that the embodiments described below do not in any way limit the scope of the invention laid out in the claims herein. In addition, not all of the elements of the embodiments described below should be taken as essential requirements of the invention. In the drawings, components denoted by the same reference numbers have the same meanings.
1. Display Driver
FIG. 1A shows a display panel 10 on which a display driver 20 (integrated circuit device in a broad sense) is mounted. In the embodiment, the display driver 20 or the display panel 10 on which the display driver 20 is mounted may be provided in a small electronic instrument (not shown). As examples of the small electronic instrument, a portable telephone, a PDA, a digital music player including a display panel, and the like can be given. In the display panel 10, a plurality of display pixels are formed on a glass substrate, for example. A plurality of data lines (not shown) extending in a direction Y and a plurality of scan lines (not shown) extending in a direction X are formed in the display panel 10 corresponding to the display pixels. The display pixel formed in the display panel 10 of the embodiment is a liquid crystal element. However, the display pixel is not limited to the liquid crystal element. The display pixel may be a light-emitting element such as an electroluminescence (EL) element. The display pixel may be either an active type including a transistor or the like or a passive type which does not include a transistor or the like. When the active type display pixel is applied to a display region 12, the liquid crystal pixel may be an amorphous TFT or a low-temperature polysilicon TFT.
The display panel 10 includes the display region 12 having PX pixels in the direction X and PY pixels in the direction Y, for example. When the display panel 10 supports a QVGA display, PX=240 and PY=320 so that the display region 12 is displayed in 240×320 pixels. The number of pixels PX of the display panel 10 in the direction X coincides with the number of data lines in the case of a black and white display. In the case of a color display, one pixel is formed by three subpixels including an R subpixel, a G subpixel, and a B subpixel. Therefore, the number of data lines is (3×PX) in the case of a color display. Accordingly, the “number of pixels corresponding to the data lines” means the “number of subpixels in the direction X” in the case of a color display. The number of bits of each subpixel is determined corresponding to the grayscale. When the grayscale values of three subpixels are respectively G bits, the grayscale value of one pixel is 3G When each subpixel represents 64 grayscales (six bits), the amount of data for one pixel is 6×3=18 bits.
The relationship between the number of pixels PX and the number of pixels PY may be PX>PY, PX<PY, or PX=PY.
The display driver 20 has a length CX in the direction X and a length CY in the direction Y. A long side IL of the display driver 20 having the length CX is parallel to a side PL1 of the display region 12 on the side of the display driver 20. Specifically, the display driver 20 is mounted on the display panel 10 so that the long side IL is parallel to the side PL1 of the display region 12.
FIG. 1B is a diagram showing the size of the display driver 20. The ratio of a short side IS of the display driver 20 having the length CY to the long side IL of the display driver 20 is set at 1:10, for example. Specifically, the short side IS of the display driver 20 is set to be much shorter than the long side IL. The chip size of the display driver 20 in the direction Y can be minimized by forming such a narrow display driver 20.
The above-mentioned ratio “1:10” is merely an example. The ratio is not limited thereto. For example, the ratio may be 1:11 or 1:9.
FIG. 1A illustrates the length LX in the direction X and the length LY in the direction Y of the display region 12. The aspect (height/width) ratio of the display region 12 is not limited to that shown in FIG 1A. The length LY of the display region 12 may be shorter than the length LX, for example.
In FIG. 1A, the length LX of the display region 12 in the direction X is equal to the length CX of the display driver 20 in the direction X. It is preferable that the length LX and the length CX be equal as shown in FIG. 1A, although not limited to FIG 1A. The reason is shown in FIG. 2A.
In a display driver 22 shown in FIG. 2A, the length in the direction X is set at CX2. Since the length CX2 is shorter than the length LX of the side PL1 of the display region 12, a plurality of interconnects which connect the display driver 22 with the display region 12 cannot be provided parallel to the direction Y, as shown in FIG. 2A. Therefore, it is necessary to increase a distance DY2 between the display region 12 and the display driver 22. As a result, since the size of the glass substrate of the display panel 10 must be increased, a reduction in cost is hindered. Moreover, when providing the display panel 10 in a smaller electronic instrument, the area other than the display region 12 is increased, whereby a reduction in size of the electronic instrument is hindered.
On the other hand, since the display driver 20 of the embodiment is formed so that the length CX of the long side IL is equal to the length LX of the side PL1 of the display region 12 as shown in FIG. 2B, the interconnects between the display driver 20 and the display region 12 can be provided parallel to the direction Y This enables a distance DY between the display driver 20 and the display region 12 to be reduced in comparison with FIG. 2A. Moreover, since the length IS of the display driver 20 in the direction Y is short, the size of the glass substrate of the display panel 10 in the direction Y is reduced, whereby the size of an electronic instrument can be reduced.
In the embodiment, the display driver 20 is formed so that the length CX of the long side IL is equal to the length LX of the side PL1 of the display region 12. However, the invention is not limited thereto.
The distance DY can be reduced while achieving a reduction in the chip size by setting the length of the long side IL of the display driver 20 to be equal to the length LX of the side PL1 of the display region 12 and reducing the length of the short side IS. Therefore, manufacturing cost of the display driver 20 and manufacturing cost of the display panel 10 can be reduced.
FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a layout configuration example of the display driver 20 of the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3A, the display driver 20 includes a data line driver 100 (data line driver block in a broad sense), a RAM 200 (integrated circuit device or RAM block in a broad sense), a scan line driver 300, a G/A circuit 400 (gate array circuit; automatic routing circuit in a broad sense), a grayscale voltage generation circuit 500, and a power supply circuit 600 disposed along the direction X. These circuits are disposed within a block width ICY of the display driver 20. An output PAD 700 and an input-output PAD 800 are provided in the display driver 20 with these circuits interposed therebetween. The output PAD 700 and the input-output PAD 800 are formed along the direction X. The output PAD 700 is provided on the side of the display region 12. A signal line for supplying control information from a host (e.g. MPU, baseband engine (BBE), MGE, or CPU), a power supply line, and the like are connected with the input-output PAD 800, for example.
The data lines of the display panel 10 are divided into a plurality of (e.g. four) blocks, and one data line driver 100 drives the data lines for one block.
It is possible to flexibly meet the user's needs by providing the block width ICY and disposing each circuit within the block width ICY In more detail, since the number of data lines which drive the pixels is changed when the number of pixels PX of the drive target display panel 10 in the direction X is changed, it is necessary to design the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 corresponding to such a change in the number of data lines. In a display driver for a low-temperature polysilicon (LTPS) TFT panel, since the scan driver 300 can be formed on the glass substrate, the scan line driver 300 may not be provided in the display driver 20.
In the embodiment, the display driver 20 can be designed merely by changing the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 or removing the scan line driver 300. Therefore, since it is unnecessary to newly design the display driver 20 by utilizing the original layout, design cost can be reduced.
In FIG. 3A, two RAMs 200 are disposed adjacent to each other. This enables a part of the circuits used for the RAM 200 to be used in common, whereby the area of the RAM 200 can be reduced. The detailed effects are described later. In the embodiment, the display driver is not limited to the display driver 20 shown in FIG. 3A. For example, the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 may be adjacent to each other and two RAMs 200 may not be disposed adjacent to each other, as in a display driver 24 shown in FIG. 3B.
In FIGS. 3A and 3B, four data line drivers 100 and four RAMs 200 are provided as an example. The number of data lines driven in one horizontal scan period (also called “1H period”) can be divided into four by providing four data line drivers 100 and four RAMs 200 (4BANK) in the display driver 20. When the number of pixels PX is 240, it is necessary to drive 720 data lines in the 1H period taking the R subpixel, G subpixel, and B subpixel into consideration, for example. In the embodiment, it suffices that each data line driver 100 drive 180 data lines which are 1⁄4 of the 720 data lines. The number of data lines driven by each data line driver 100 can be reduced by increasing the number of BANKs. The number of BANKs is defined as the number of RAMs 200 provided in the display driver 20. The total storage area of the RAMs 200 is defined as the storage area of a display memory. The display memory may store at least data for displaying an image for one frame of the display panel 10.
FIG. 4 is an enlarged diagram of a part of the display panel 10 on which the display driver 20 is mounted. The display region 12 is connected with the output PAD 700 of the display driver 20 through interconnects DQL. The interconnect may be an interconnect provided on the glass substrate, or may be an interconnect formed on a flexible substrate or the like and connects the output PAD 700 with the display region 12.
The length of the RAM 200 in the direction Y is set at RY. In the embodiment, the length RY is set to be equal to the block width ICY shown in FIG. 3A. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the length RY may be set to be equal to or less than the block width ICY
The RAM 200 having the length RY includes a plurality of wordlines WL and a wordline control circuit 240 which controls the wordlines WL. The RAM 200 includes a plurality of bitlines BL, a plurality of memory cells MC, and a control circuit (not shown) which controls the bitlines BL and the memory cells MC. The bitlines BL of the RAM 200 are provided parallel to the direction X. Specifically, the bitlines BL are provided parallel to the side PL1 of the display region 12. The wordlines WL of the RAM 200 are provided parallel to the direction Y. Specifically, the wordlines WL are provided parallel to the interconnects DQL.
Data is read from the memory cell MC of the RAM 200 by controlling the wordline WL, and the data read from the memory cell MC is supplied to the data line driver 100. Specifically, when the wordline WL is selected, data stored in the memory cells MC arranged along the direction Y is supplied to the data line driver 100.
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional diagram showing the cross section A-A shown in FIG. 3A. The cross section A-A is the cross section in the region in which the memory cells MC of the RAM 200 are arranged. For example, five metal interconnect layers are provided in the region in which the RAM 200 is formed. A first metal interconnect layer ALA, a second metal interconnect layer ALB, a third metal interconnect layer ALC, a fourth metal interconnect layer ALD, and a fifth metal interconnect layer ALE are illustrated in FIG. 5. A grayscale voltage interconnect 292 (third power supply interconnect in a broad sense) to which a grayscale voltage is supplied from the grayscale voltage generation circuit 500 is formed in the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE, for example. A power supply interconnect 294 (third power supply interconnect in a broad sense) for supplying a voltage supplied from the power supply circuit 600, a voltage supplied from the outside through the input-output PAD 800, or the like is also formed in the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE. The RAM 200 of the embodiment may be formed without using the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE, for example. Therefore, various interconnects can be formed in the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE as described above.
A shield layer 290 (bitline protection interconnect layer in a broad sense) is formed in the fourth metal interconnect layer ALD. This enables effects exerted on the memory cells MC of the RAM 200 to be reduced even if various interconnects are formed in the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE in a layer above the memory cells MC of the RAM 200. A signal interconnect for controlling the control circuit for the RAM 200, such as the wordline control circuit 240, may be formed in the fourth metal interconnect layer ALD in the region in which the control circuit is formed.
An interconnect 296 formed in the third metal interconnect layer ALC may be used as the wordline WL or a voltage VSS interconnect (first power supply interconnect in a broad sense), for example. An interconnect 298 formed in the second metal interconnect layer ALB may be used as the bitline BL or a voltage VDD interconnect (second power supply interconnect in a broad sense), for example. An interconnect 299 formed in the first metal interconnect layer ALA may be used to connect with each node formed in a semiconductor layer of the RAM 200.
The bitline interconnect may be formed in the third metal interconnect layer ALC, and the wordline interconnect may be formed in the second metal interconnect layer ALB, differing from the above-described configuration.
As described above, since various interconnects can be formed in the fifth metal interconnect layer ALE of the RAM 200, various types of circuit blocks can be arranged along the direction X as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B.
2. Data Line Driver
2.1 Configuration of Data Line Driver
FIG. 6A is a diagram showing the data line driver 100. The data line driver 100 includes an output circuit 104, a DAC 120, and a latch circuit 130. The DAC 120 supplies the grayscale voltage to the output circuit 104 based on data latched by the latch circuit 130. The data supplied from the RAM 200 is stored in the latch circuit 130, for example. When the grayscale is set at G bits, G-bit data is stored in each latch circuit 130, for example. A plurality of grayscale voltages are generated according to the grayscale, and supplied to the data line driver 100 from the grayscale voltage generation circuit 500. For example, the grayscale voltages supplied to the data line driver 100 are supplied to the DAC 120. The DAC 120 selects the corresponding grayscale voltage from the grayscale voltages supplied from the grayscale voltage generation circuit 500 based on the G-bit data latched by the latch circuit 130, and outputs the selected grayscale voltage to the output circuit 104.
The output circuit 104 is formed by an operational amplifier, for example. However, the invention is not limited thereto. As shown in FIG. 6B, an output circuit 102 may be provided in the data line driver 100 instead of the output circuit 104. In this case, a plurality of operational amplifiers are provided in the grayscale voltage generation circuit 500.
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a plurality of data line driver cells 110 provided in the data line driver 100. The data line driver 100 drives the data lines, and the data line driver cell 110 drives one of the data lines. For example, the data line driver cell 110 drives one of the R subpixel, the G subpixel, and the B subpixel which make up one pixel. Specifically, when the number of pixels PX in the direction X is 240, 720 (=240×3) data line driver cells 110 in total are provided in the display driver 20. In the 4BANK configuration, 180 data line driver cells 110 are provided in each data line driver 100.
The data line driver cell 110 includes an output circuit 140, the DAC 120, and the latch circuit 130, for example. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the output circuit 140 may be provided outside the data line driver cell 110. The output circuit 140 may be either the output circuit 104 shown in FIG. 6A or the output circuit 102 shown in FIG. 6B.
When the grayscale data indicating the grayscales of the R subpixel, the G subpixel, and the B subpixel is set at G bits, G-bit data is supplied to the data line driver cell 110 from the RAM 200. The latch circuit 130 latches the G-bit data. The DAC 120 outputs the grayscale voltage through the output circuit 140 based on the output from the latch circuit 130. This enables the data line provided in the display panel 10 to be driven.
2.2 A Plurality of Readings in One Horizontal Scan Period
FIG. 8 shows a display driver 24 of a comparative example according to the embodiment. The display driver 24 is mounted so that a side DLL of the display driver 24 faces the side PL1 of the display panel 10 on the side of the display region 12. The display driver 24 includes a RAM 205 and a data line driver 105 of which the length in the direction X is greater than the length in the direction Y The lengths of the RAM 205 and the data line driver 105 in the direction X are increased as the number of pixels PX of the display panels 10 is increased. The RAM 205 includes a plurality of wordlines WL and a plurality of bitlines BL. The wordline WL of the RAM 205 is formed to extend along the direction X, and the bitline BL is formed to extend along the direction Y Specifically, the wordline WL is formed to be significantly longer than the bitline BL. Since the bitline BL is formed to extend along the direction Y, the bitline BL is parallel to the data line of the display panel 10 and intersects the side PL1 of the display panel 10 at right angles.
The display driver 24 selects the wordline WL once in the 1H period. The data line driver 105 latches data output from the RAM 205 upon selection of the wordline WL, and drives the data lines. In the display driver 24, since the wordline WL is significantly longer than the bitline BL as shown in FIG. 8, the data line driver 100 and the RAM 205 are longer in the direction X, so that it is difficult to secure space for disposing other circuits in the display driver 24. This hinders a reduction in the chip area of the display driver 24. Moreover, since the design time for securing the space and the like is necessary, a reduction in design cost is made difficult.
The RAM 205 shown in FIG. 8 is disposed as shown in FIG. 9A, for example. In FIG. 9A, the RAM 205 is divided into two blocks. The length of one of the divided blocks in the direction X is “12”, and the length in the direction Y is “2”, for example. Therefore, the area of the RAM 205 may be indicated by “48”. These length values indicate an example of the ratio which indicates the size of the RAM 205. The actual size is not limited to these length values. In FIGS. 9A to 9D, reference numerals 241 to 244 indicate wordline control circuits, and reference numerals 206 to 209 indicate sense amplifiers.
In the embodiment, the RAM 205 may be divided into a plurality of blocks and disposed in a state in which the divided blocks are rotated at 90 degrees. For example, the RAM 205 may be divided into four blocks and disposed in a state in which the divided blocks are rotated at 90 degrees, as shown in FIG. 9B. A RAM 205-1, which is one of the four divided blocks, includes a sense amplifier 207 and the wordline control circuit 242. The length of the RAM 205-1 in the direction Y is “6”, and the length in the direction X is “2”. Therefore, the area of the RAM 205-1 is “12” so that the total area of the four blocks is “48”. However, since it is desired to reduce the length CY of the display driver 20 in the direction Y, the state shown in FIG. 9B is inconvenient.
In the embodiment, the length RY of the RAM 200 in the direction Y can be reduced by reading data a plurality of times in the 1H period, as shown in FIGS. 9C and 9D. FIG. 9C shows an example of reading data twice in the 1H period. In this case, since the wordline WL is selected twice in the 1H period, the number of memory cells MC arranged in the direction Y can be halved, for example. This enables the length of the RAM 200 in the direction Y to be reduced to “3”, as shown in FIG. 9C. The length of the RAM 200 in the direction X is increased to “4”. Specifically, the total area of the RAM 200 becomes “48”, so that the RAM 200 becomes equal to the RAM 205 shown in FIG. 9A as to the area of the region in which the memory cells MC are arranged. Since the RAM 200 can be freely disposed as shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, a very flexible layout becomes possible, whereby an efficient layout can be achieved.
FIG. 9D shows an example of reading data three times. In this case, the length “6” of the RAM 205-1 shown in FIG. 9B in the direction Y can be reduced by 1⁄3. Specifically, the length CY of the display driver 20 in the direction Y can be reduced by adjusting the number of readings in the 1H period.
In the embodiment, the RAM 200 divided into blocks can be provided in the display driver 20 as described above. In the embodiment, the 4BANK RAMs 200 can be provided in the display driver 20, for example. In this case, data line drivers 100-1 to 100-4 corresponding to each RAM 200 drive the corresponding data lines DL as shown in FIG. 10.
In more detail, the data line driver 100-1 drives a data line group DLS1, the data line driver 100-2 drives a data line group DLS2, the data line driver 100-3 drives a data line group DLS3, and the data line driver 100-4 drives a data line group DLS4. Each of the data line groups DLS1 to DLS4 is one of four blocks into which the data lines DL provided in the display region 12 of the display panel 10 are divided, for example. The data lines of the display panel 10 can be driven by providing four data line drivers 100-1 to 1004 corresponding to the 4BANK RAM 200 and causing the data line drivers 100-1 to 100-4 to drive the corresponding data lines.
2.3 Divided Structure of Data Line Driver
The length RY of the RAM 200 shown in FIG. 4 in the direction Y may depend not only on the number of memory cells MC arranged in the direction Y, but also on the length of the data line driver 100 in the direction Y.
In the embodiment, on the premise that data is read a plurality of times (e.g. twice) in one horizontal scan period in order to reduce the length RY of the RAM 200 shown in FIG. 4, the data line driver 100 is formed to have a divided structure consisting of a first data line driver 100A (first divided data line driver in a broad sense) and a second data line driver 100B (second divided data line driver in a broad sense), as shown in FIG. 11A. A reference character “M” shown in FIG. 11A indicates the number of bits of data read from the RAM 200 by one wordline selection.
For example, when the number of pixels PX is 240, the grayscale of the pixel is 18 bits, and the number of BANKs of the RAM 200 is four (4BANK), 1080 (=240×18÷4) bits of data must be output from each RAM 200 when reading data only once in the 1H period.
However, it is desired to reduce the length RY of the RAM 200 in order to reduce the chip area of the display driver 100. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 1A, the data line driver 100 is divided into the data line drivers 100A and 100B in the direction X on the premise that data is read twice in the 1H period, for example. This enables M to be set at 540 (=1080÷2) so that the length RY of the RAM 200 can be approximately halved.
The data line driver 100A drives a part of the data lines of the display panel 10. The data line driver 100B drives a part of the data lines of the display panel 10 other than the data lines driven by the data line driver 100A. As described above, the data line drivers 100A and 100B cooperate to drive the data lines of the display panel 10.
In more detail, the wordlines WL1 and WL2 are selected in the 1H period as shown in FIG. 1B, for example. Specifically, the wordlines are selected twice in the 1H period. A latch signal SLA falls at a timing A1. The latch signal SLA is supplied to the data line driver 100A, for example. The data line driver 100A latches M-bit data supplied from the RAM 200 in response to the falling edge of the latch signal SLA, for example.
A latch signal SLB falls at a timing A2. The latch signal SLB is supplied to the data line driver 100B, for example. The data line driver 100B latches M-bit data supplied from the RAM 200 in response to the falling edge of the latch signal SLB, for example.
In more detail, data stored in a memory cell group MCS1 (M memory cells) is supplied to the data line drivers 100A and 100B through a sense amplifier circuit 210 upon selection of the wordline WL1, as shown in FIG. 12. However, since the latch signal SLA falls in response to the selection of the wordline WL1, the data stored in the memory cell group MCS1 (memory cells) is latched by the data line driver 100A.
Upon selection of the wordline WL2, data stored in a memory cell group MCS2 (M memory cells) is supplied to the data line drivers 100A and 100B through the sense amplifier circuit 210. The latch signal SLB falls in response to the selection of the wordline WL2. Therefore, the data stored in the memory cell group MCS2 (M memory cells) is latched by the data line driver 100B.
For example, when M is set at 540 bits, M=540 bit data is latched by each of the data line drivers 100A and 100B, since the data is read twice in the 1H period. Specifically, 1080-bit data in total is latched by the data line driver 100 so that 1080 bits necessary for the above-described example can be latched in the 1H period. Therefore, the amount of data necessary in the 1H period can be latched, and the length RY of the RAM 200 can be approximately halved. This enables the block width ICY of the display driver 20 to be reduced, whereby manufacturing cost of the display driver 20 can be reduced.
FIGS. 11A and 11B illustrate an example of reading data twice in the 1H period. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, data may be read four or more times in the 1H period. When reading data four times, the data line driver 100 may be divided into four blocks so that the length RY of the RAM 200 can be further reduced. In this case, M may be set at 270 in the above-described example, and 270-bit data is latched by each of the four divided data line drivers. Specifically, 1080 bits of data necessary in the 1H period can be supplied while reducing the length RY of the RAM 200 by approximately 1⁄4.
The outputs of the data line drivers 100A and 100B may be caused to rise based on control by using a data line enable signal (not shown) or the like as indicated by A3 and A4 shown in FIG. 11B, or the data latched by the data line drivers 100A and 100B at the timings A1 and A2 may be directly output to the data lines. An additional latch circuit may be provided to each of the data line drivers 100A and 100B, and voltages based on the data latched at the timings A1 and A2 may be output in the next 1H period. This enables the number of readings in the 1H period to be increased without causing the image quality to deteriorate.
When the number of pixels PY is 320 (the number of scan lines of the display panel 10 is 320) and 60 frames are displayed within one second, the 1H period is about 52 μs as shown in FIG. 11B. The 1H period is calculated as indicated by “1 sec÷60 frames÷320≈52 μs”. As shown in FIG. 11B, the wordlines are selected within about 40 nsec. Specifically, since the wordlines are selected (data is read from the RAM 200) a plurality of times within a period sufficiently shorter than the 1H period, deterioration of the image quality of the display panel 10 does not occur.
The value M can be obtained by using the following equation, when BNK denotes the number of BANKs, N denotes the number of readings in the 1H period, and “the number of pixels PX×3” means the number of pixels (or the number of subpixels in the embodiment) corresponding to the data lines of the display panel 10 and coincides with the number of data lines DLN:




  M
  =
  
    
      PX
      ×
      3
      ×
      G
    
    
      BNK
      ×
      N
    
  




In the embodiment, the sense amplifier circuit 210 has a latch function. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the sense amplifier circuit 210 need not have a latch function.
2.4 Subdivision of Data Line Driver
FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrative of the relationship between the RAM 200 and the data line driver 100 for the R subpixel among the subpixels which make up one pixel as an example.
When the grayscale G bits of each subpixel are set at six bits (64 grayscales), 6-bit data is supplied from the RAM 200 to data line driver cells 110A-R and 110B-R for the R subpixel. In order to supply the 6-bit data, six sense amplifiers 211 among the sense amplifiers 211 included in the sense amplifier circuit 210 of the RAM 200 correspond to each data line driver cell 110, for example.
For example, it is necessary that a length SCY of the data line driver cell 110A-R in the direction Y be within a length SAY of the six sense amplifiers 211 in the direction Y. Likewise, it is necessary that the length of each data line driver cell in the direction Y be within the length SAY of the six sense amplifiers 211. When the length SCY cannot be set within the length SAY of the six sense amplifiers 211, the length of the data line driver 100 in the direction Y becomes greater than the length RY of the RAM 200, whereby the layout efficiency is decreased.
The size of the RAM 200 has been reduced in view of the process, and the sense amplifier 211 is also small. As shown in FIG. 7, a plurality of circuits are provided in the data line driver cell 110. In particular, it is difficult to design the DAC 120 and the latch circuit 130 to have a small circuit size. Moreover, the size of the DAC 120 and the latch circuit 130 is increased as the number of bits input is increased. Specifically, it may be difficult to set the length SCY within the total length SAY of the six sense amplifiers 211.
In the embodiment, the data line drivers 100A and 100B divided by the number of readings N in the 1H period may be further divided into k (k is an integer larger than 1) blocks and stacked in the direction X. FIG. 14 shows a configuration example in which each of the data line drivers 100A and 100B is divided into two (k=2) blocks and stacked in the RAM 200 set to read data twice (N=2) in the 1H period. FIG. 14 shows the configuration example of the RAM 200 set to read data twice. However, the invention is not limited to the configuration example shown in FIG. 14. When the RAM 200 is set to read data four times (N=4), the data line driver is divided into eight (N×k=4×2=8) blocks in the direction X, for example.
As shown in FIG. 14, the data line drivers 100A and 100B shown in FIG. 13 are respectively divided into data line drivers 100A1 and 100A2 and data line drivers 100B1 and 100B2. The length of a data line driver cell 110A1-R or the like in the direction Y is set at SCY2. In FIG. 14, the length SCY2 is set within a length SAY2 in the direction Y when G×2 sense amplifiers 211 are arranged. Specifically, since the acceptable length in the direction Y is increased in comparison with FIG. 13 when forming each data line driver cell 110, efficient design in view of layout can be achieved.
The operation of the configuration shown in FIG. 14 is described below. When the wordline WL1 is selected, M-bit data in total is supplied to at least one of the data line drivers 100A1, 100A2, 100B1, and 100B2 through the sense amplifier blocks 210-1, 210-2, 210-3, and 210-4, for example. G-bit data output from the sense amplifier block 210-1 is supplied to the data line driver cells 110A1-R and 110-B1-R, for example. G-bit data output from the sense amplifier block 210-2 is supplied to the data line driver cells 110A2-R and 110-B2-R, for example.
The latch signal SLA (first latch signal in a broad sense) falls in response to the selection of the wordline WL1 in the same manner as in the timing chart shown in FIG. 1B. The latch signal SLA is supplied to the data line driver 100A1 including the data line driver cell 110A1-R and the data line driver 100A2 including the data line driver cell 110A2-R. Therefore, G-bit data (data stored in the memory cell group MCS11) output from the sense amplifier block 210-1 in response to the selection of the wordline WL1 is latched by the data line driver cell 110A1-R. Likewise, G-bit data (data stored in the memory cell group MCS12) output from the sense amplifier block 210-2 in response to the selection of the wordline WL1 is latched by the data line driver cell 110A2-R.
The above description also applies to the sense amplifier blocks 210-3 and 210-4. Specifically, data stored in the memory cell group MCS13 is latched by the data line driver cell 110A1-G, and data stored in the memory cell group MCS14 is latched by the data line driver cell 110A2-G.
When the wordline WL2 is selected, the latch signal SLB (an Nth latch signal in a broad sense) falls in response to the selection of the wordline WL2. The latch signal SLB is supplied to the data line driver 100B1 including the data line driver cell 110B1-R and the data line driver 100B2 including the data line driver cell 110B2-R. Therefore, G-bit data (data stored in the memory cell group MCS21) output from the sense amplifier block 210-1 in response to the selection of the wordline WL2 is latched by the data line driver cell 110B1-R. Likewise, G-bit data (data stored in the memory cell group MCS22) output from the sense amplifier block 210-2 in response to the selection of the wordline WL2 is latched by the data line driver cell 110B2-R. A data line driver cell 110A1-B is a B data line driver cell which latches B subpixel data.
The above description also applies to the sense amplifier blocks 210-3 and 210-4 when the wordline WL2 is selected. Specifically, data stored in the memory cell group MCS23 is latched by the data line driver cell 110B1-G and data stored in the memory cell group MCS24 is latched by the data line driver cell 110B2-G.
FIG. 15B shows data stored in the RAM 200 when the data line drivers 100A and 100B are divided as described above. As shown in FIG. 15B, data in the sequence R subpixel data, R subpixel data, G subpixel data, G subpixel data, B subpixel data, B subpixel data, . . . is stored in the RAM 200 along the direction Y. In the configuration as shown in FIG. 13, data in the sequence R subpixel data, G subpixel data, B subpixel data, R subpixel data, . . . is stored in the RAM 200 along the direction Y, as shown in FIG. 15A.
In FIG. 13, the length SAY is illustrated as the length of the six sense amplifiers 211. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the length SAY corresponds to the length of eight sense amplifiers 211 when the grayscale is eight bits.
FIG. 14 illustrates the configuration in which the data line drivers 100A and 100B are divided into two (k=2) blocks as an example. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the data line drivers 100A and 100B may be divided into three (k=3) blocks or four (k=4) blocks. When the data line driver 100A is divided into three (k=3) blocks, the same latch signal SLA may be supplied to the three divided blocks, for example. As a modification of the number of divisions k equal to the number of readings in the 1H period, when the data line driver is divided into three (k=3) blocks, the divided blocks may be respectively used as an R subpixel data driver, G subpixel data driver, and B subpixel data driver. This configuration is shown in FIG. 16. FIG. 16 shows three divided data line drivers 101A1, 101A2, and 101A3. The data line driver 101A1 includes a data line driver cell 111A1, the data line driver 101A2 includes a data line driver cell 111A2, and the data line driver 101A3 includes a data line driver cell 111A3.
The latch signal SLA falls in response to selection of the wordline WL1. The latch signal SLA is supplied to the data line drivers 101A1, 101A2, and 101A3 in the same manner as described above.
According to this configuration, data stored in the memory cell group MCS11 is stored in the data line driver cell 111A1 as R subpixel data upon selection of the wordline WL1, for example. Likewise, data stored in the memory cell group MCS12 is stored in the data line driver cell 111A2 as G subpixel data, and data stored in the memory cell group MCS13 is stored in the data line driver cell 111A3 as B subpixel data, for example.
Therefore, the data written into the RAM 200 can be arranged in the order of R subpixel data, G subpixel data, and B subpixel data along the direction Y, as shown in Is FIG. 15A. In this case, the data line drivers 101A1, 101A2, and 101A3 may be further divided into k blocks.
3. RAM
3.1 Memory Cell
3.1.1 Configuration of Memory Cell
Each memory cell MC may be formed by a static random access memory (SRAM), for example. FIG. 17A shows an example of a circuit of the memory cell MC. The memory cell MC includes two inverters INV, an output of one inverter INV being connected with an input of the other inverter INV so that the input and output are connected with each other. A flip-flop is formed by these inverters INV. A voltage VSS (first power supply voltage in a broad sense) and a voltage VDD (second power supply voltage in a broad sense) are supplied to the inverters INV, for example. The memory cell MC includes transfer transistors TTR for supplying data held by the flip-flop formed by the two inverters INV to the bitlines BL and /BL.
FIGS. 17B and 17C show layout examples of the memory cell. FIG. 17B shows a layout example of a horizontal cell, and FIG. 17C shows a layout example of a vertical cell. As shown in FIG. 17B, the horizontal cell is a cell in which a length MCY of the wordline WL is greater than lengths MCX of the bitlines BL and /BL in each memory cell MC. As shown in FIG. 17C, the vertical cell is a cell in which the lengths MCX of the bitlines BL and /BL are greater than the length MCY of the wordline WL in each memory cell MC. FIG. 17C shows a sub-wordline SWL formed by a polysilicon layer and a main-wordline MWL formed by a metal layer. The main-wordline MWL is used as backing.
As shown in FIG. 17B, the horizontal memory cell MC includes the bitlines BL and /BL. The bitlines BL and /BL are formed in the second metal layer and extend along the direction DR1 (first direction in a broad sense), for example. A second power supply interconnect VDDL is formed in the same layer as the bitlines BL and /BL along the direction DR1 (first direction in a broad sense). The voltage VDD is supplied to the inverter INV of the memory cell MC through the second power supply interconnect VDD.
The vertical memory cell MC includes the wordline WL formed in the layer (e.g. third metal layer) higher than the bitline. The wordline WL is formed to extend along the direction DR2 (second direction in a broad sense). Two first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 are formed in the same layer as the wordline WL along the direction DR2 (second direction in a broad sense). The voltage VSS is supplied to the inverter INV of the memory cell MC through the first power supply interconnect VSSL.
As shown in FIG. 17C, the vertical memory cell MC includes the main-wordline MWL and the sub-wordline SWL. The main-wordline MWL and the sub-wordline SWL are formed to extend along the direction DR2. The sub-wordline SWL is formed of a conductor such as polysilicon, and may include a gate electrode of the transfer transistor TTR shown in FIG. 17A. The second power supply interconnect VDDL is formed in the same layer as the main-wordline MWL along the direction DR2. The bitlines BL and /BL of the vertical memory cell MC are formed in the layer higher than the main-wordline MWL along the direction DR1. The first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 are formed in the same layer as the bitlines BL and /BL along the direction DR1.
3.1.2 Shield Interconnect of Memory Cell
FIGS. 31A and 31B are diagrams illustrative of reading of data from the memory cell MC. FIGS. 31A and 31B show the case where data “1” is held by the memory cell MC for convenience of illustration. As indicated by A11 shown in FIG. 31A, the potential of the wordline WL rises upon selection of the wordline WL. When the potential of the wordline WL reaches the high level at a timing indicated by A12, the potential of the bitline /BL falls from the high level to the low level. In more detail, the transfer transistor TTR is turned ON upon selection of the wordline WL shown in FIG. 17A, so that a voltage based on the data held by the memory cell MC is supplied to the bitlines BL and /BL through the two inverters INV.
When a sense amplifier enable signal SAE which enables the sense amplifier 211 rises as indicated by A13 shown in FIG. 31A, the potential difference between the bitlines BL and /BL is detected by the sense amplifier 211 at a timing A14. In this case, since the potential of the bitline /BL is lower than the potential of the bitline BL, data “1” is detected by the sense amplifier 211. The data “1” and the data “0” are defined based on the potential difference between the bitlines BL and /BL. However, assignment of the data “1” and the data “0” is not limited to that shown in FIG. 31A. The case where the potential of the bitline BL is lower than the potential of the bitline /BL may be defined as the data “1”. In the embodiment, a state in which the potential of the bitline BL is higher than the potential of the bitline /BL is defined as the data “1”, as shown in FIG. 31A.
The data held by the memory cell MC can be accurately detected as described above. FIG. 31B shows the case where abnormal data is detected. FIG. 31B shows the case where a third power supply interconnect GL to which a voltage (third power supply voltage in a broad sense) higher than the voltage VDD is supplied is formed in a layer above the region in which the memory cells MC are arranged. The third power supply interconnect GL is disposed in a layer above the bitline /BL so as to overlap the bitline /BL.
As indicated by A15 shown in FIG. 31B, the potential of the wordline WL is increased upon selection of the wordline WL. When the potential of the wordline WL reaches the high level at a timing A16, the potential of the bitline /BL falls from the high level to the low level. When a signal is supplied to the third power supply interconnect GL as indicated by A17 so that the potential of the third power supply interconnect GL becomes higher than the high level, the potential of the bitline /BL, which has been falling, rapidly rises as indicated by A18. This phenomenon is caused by capacitive coupling between the bitline /BL and the third power supply interconnect GL. Specifically, a capacitor is formed by an interlayer dielectric between the bitline /BL and the power supply interconnect GL by forming the third power supply interconnect GL in a layer above the bitline /BL. When the potential of the third power supply interconnect GL rises, the potential of the bitline /BL also rises by capacitive coupling between the bitline /BL and the third power supply interconnect GL. Specifically, when the third power supply interconnect GL is formed in a layer above the bitlines BL and /BL, the potentials of the bitlines BL and /BL become unstable.
When the sense amplifier enable signal SAE then rises, the potential difference between the bitlines BL and /BL is detected by the sense amplifier 211. However, the potential of the bitline /BL, which has risen as indicated by A18, does not fall to a level lower than the potential of the bitline BL as indicated by A19. As a result, the potential difference is detected by the sense amplifier 211 in a state in which the potential of the bitline /BL is higher than the potential of the bitline BL.
Therefore, the sense amplifier 211 determines that the potential of the bitline BL is lower than the potential of the bitline /BL to detect data “0”. Specifically, data “0” is detected from the memory cell MC from which data “1” should be originally detected.
In the embodiment, the above-described abnormal reading can be prevented by providing a shield interconnect SHD1 (bitline protection interconnect in a broad sense) to the horizontal memory cell MC, as shown in FIG. 32.
The shield interconnect SHD1 is an interconnect formed in the shield layer 290 shown in FIG. 5, for example. The shield interconnect SHD1 is formed to cover the region in which the bitlines BL and /BL are formed. When using the horizontal memory cell, the bitlines BL and /BL are formed in the second metal interconnect layer ALB, and the shield interconnect SHD1 is formed in the fourth metal interconnect layer ALD which is a layer above the second metal interconnect layer ALB. The effect caused by capacitive coupling between the bitline and the third power supply interconnect GL can be prevented by supplying the voltage VSS to the shield interconnect SHD1.
The shield interconnect SHD1 is formed to extend along the direction DR1 in which the bitlines BL and /BL extend. As shown in FIG. 32, shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH1 and NSH2 (protection interconnect non-formation regions in a broad sense) in which the shield interconnect SHD1 is not formed are provided. Gas generated during the manufacturing step of the memory cell MC can be discharged by providing the shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH1 and NSH2. This prevents breakage of the interconnect of the memory cell MC even if gas is generated in a layer below the shield interconnect SHD1 due to a heat treatment in the subsequent step, for example.
The shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH1 and NSH2 shown in FIG. 32 are formed to extend along the direction DR1 in which the bitlines BL and /BL extend. The shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH1 and NSH2 are formed above a region in which the bitlines BL and /BL are not formed.
The shield interconnect SHD 1 shown in FIG. 32 is not formed to cover the entire second power supply interconnect VDDL, that is, the shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH1 and NSH2 are provided in the formation region of the second power supply interconnect VDDL in a plan view. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, the shield interconnect SHD1 may cover the entire second power supply interconnect VDDL (example in which the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH1 shown in FIG. 32 is not provided), or may not cover the second power supply interconnect VDDL. However, it is preferable to provide the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH2 in which the shield interconnect SHD1 is not formed.
FIG. 33 is a diagram showing the relationship between the memory cells MC and the shield interconnect SHD2 (shield interconnect when the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH1 shown in FIG. 32 is not provided). The bitlines BL and /BL of each memory cell MC are formed to extend along the direction X. The shield interconnect SHD2 is formed along the direction X so as to cover the bitlines BL and /BL. The shield interconnect non-formation region NSH2 (protection interconnect non-formation region in a broad sense) is formed between two adjacent shield interconnects SHD2 so as to extend along the direction X.
It is preferable to set the shield interconnects SHD2 at a constant potential rather than a floating potential so as to exert a shielding effect. Therefore, it is preferable that the shield interconnect SDH2 be provided with a potential VDD or VSS or connected with the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 or the second power supply interconnect VDDL.
When using the horizontal cell shown in FIG. 17B, the second power supply interconnect VDDL is formed to extend along the direction X and supplies the voltage VDD to each memory cell MC. Therefore, a thick power supply line extending along the direction X can be formed by electrically connecting the shield interconnect SHD2 with the second power supply interconnect VDDL, whereby a power supply can be stably provided to each memory cell MC.
FIG. 34 shows a modification of the embodiment. As shown in FIG. 34, a shield interconnect SHD3 may be formed to extend along the direction DR2 in which the wordline WL and the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 extend. In this case, a shield interconnect non-formation region NSH is provided along the direction D2. In FIG. 34, the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH is formed in a layer above the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 (hatched regions). In other words, the ends of the shield interconnect SHD3 in the direction DR1 overlap the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 in a plan view. Therefore, since the second power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 necessarily exist in the region in which the bitlines BL and /BL face the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH, the shielding effect can be maintained by the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 instead of the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH.
In the example shown in FIG. 34, a thick power supply line extending along the direction DR2 can be formed by electrically connecting the shield interconnect SHD3 with the second power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2, whereby a power supply can be stably provided to each memory cell MC.
The shield interconnect non-formation regions NSH may be formed along the wordline WL by dividing the shield interconnect SHD2 shown in FIG. 34 into two sections in the direction DR1. Since one wordline WL is maintained at a constant unselect potential (e.g. potential VSS) excluding one horizontal scan period within one vertical scan period, the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH can be shielded by the wordline WL.
When using the horizontal memory cell shown in FIG. 17B, since the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 and the wordline WL exist in a layer above the bitlines BL and /BL, the shield interconnect SHD need not be formed. This is because the bitlines BL and /BL can be shielded by the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 and the wordline WL above the bitlines.
When using the vertical memory cell shown in FIG. 17C, since two of the first power supply interconnects VSSL1 and VSSL2 and the wordline WL do not exist above the bitlines BL and /BL, the shield interconnect SHD may be provided in the same manner as in FIGS. 31 to 34.
3.2 Relationship Between Horizontal Cell and Sense Amplifier
FIG. 18 shows the relationship between the horizontal cell MC and the sense amplifier 211. In the horizontal cell MC shown in FIG. 17B, a pair of bitlines BL and /BL is arranged along the direction X as shown in FIG. 18. Therefore, the length MCY of the long side of the horizontal cell MC is the length in the direction Y. The sense amplifier 211 requires a predetermined length SAY3 in the direction Y in view of the circuit layout, as shown in FIG. 18. Therefore, the horizontal memory cells MC for one bit (PY memory cells in the direction X) are easily disposed for one sense amplifier 211, as shown in FIG. 18. Therefore, when the total number of bits read from each RAM 200 in the 1H period is set at M as described by using the above equation, M memory cells MC may be arranged in the RAM 200 in the direction Y, as shown in FIG. 19. The example in which the RAM 200 includes M memory cells MC and M sense amplifiers 211 in the direction Y in FIGS. 13 to 16 may be applied when using the horizontal cells. When the horizontal cell as shown in FIG. 19 is used and data is read by selecting different wordlines WL twice in the 1H period, the number of memory cells MC arranged in the RAM 200 in the direction X is “number of pixels PY×number of readings (2)”. However, since the length MCX of the horizontal memory cell MC in the direction X is relatively small, the size of the RAM 200 in the direction X is not increased even if the number of memory cells MC arranged in the direction X is increased.
As an advantage of using the horizontal cell, an increase in the degrees of freedom of the length MCY of the RAM 200 in the direction Y can be given. Since the length of the horizontal cell in the direction Y can be adjusted, a cell layout having a ratio of the length in the direction Y to the length in the direction X of 2:1 or 1.5:1 may be provided. In this case, when the number of horizontal cells arranged in the direction Y is set at 100, the length MCY of the RAM 200 in the direction Y can be designed in various ways by using the above-mentioned ratio.
On the other hand, when using the vertical cell shown in FIG. 17C, the length MCY of the RAM 200 in the direction Y is determined by the number of sense amplifiers 211 in the direction Y so that the degrees of freedom are small.
3.3 Common Use of Sense Amplifier for Vertical Cells
As shown in FIG. 21A, the length SAY3 of the sense amplifier 211 in the direction Y is sufficiently greater than the length MCY of the vertical memory cell MC. Therefore, the layout in which the memory cell MC for one bit is associated with one sense amplifier 211 when selecting the wordline WL is inefficient.
To deal with this problem, the memory cells MC for a plurality of bits (e.g. two bits) are associated with one sense amplifier 211 when selecting the wordline WL, as shown in FIG. 21B. This enables the memory cells MC to be efficiently arranged in the RAM 200 irrespective of the difference between the length SAY3 of the sense amplifier 211 and the length MCY of the memory cell MC.
In FIG. 21B, a selective sense amplifier SSA includes the sense amplifier 211, a switch circuit 220, and a switch circuit 230. The selective sense amplifier SSA is connected with two pairs of bitlines BL and /BL, for example.
The switch circuit 220 connects one pair of bitlines BL and /BL with the sense amplifier 211 based on a select signal COLA (sense amplifier select signal in a broad sense). The switch circuit 230 connects the other pair of bitlines BL and /BL with the sense amplifier 211 based on a select signal COLB. The signal levels of the select signals COLA and COLB are controlled exclusively, for example. In more detail, when the select signal COLA is set as a signal which sets the switch circuit 220 to active, the select signal COLB is set as a signal which sets the switch circuit 230 to inactive. Specifically, the selective sense amplifier SSA selects 1-bit data from 2-bit (N-bit or L-bit in a broad sense) supplied through the two pairs of bitlines BL and /BL, and outputs the corresponding data, for example.
FIG. 22 shows the RAM 200 including the selective sense amplifier SSA. FIG. 22 shows a configuration in which data is read twice (N times in a broad sense) in the 1H period and the grayscale G bits are six bits as an example. In this case, M selective sense amplifiers SSA are provided in the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 23. Therefore, data supplied to the data line driver 100 by one wordline selection is M bits in total. On the other hand, M×2 memory cells MC are arranged in the RAM 200 shown in FIG. 23 in the direction Y The memory cells MC in the same number as the number of pixels PY are arranged in the direction X, differing from FIG. 19. In the RAM 200 shown in FIG. 23, since the two pairs of bitlines BL and /BL are connected with the selective sense amplifier SSA, it suffices that the number of memory cells MC arranged in the RAM 200 in the direction X be the same as the number of pixels PY.
As a result, when using the vertical cell in which the length MCX of the memory cell MC is greater than the length MCY, an increase in the size of the RAM 200 in the direction X can be prevented by reducing the number of memory cells MC arranged in the direction X.
3.4 Read Operation from Vertical Memory Cell
The operation of the RAM 200 in which the vertical memory cells shown in FIG. 22 are arranged is described below. As the read control method for the RAM 200, two methods can be given, for example. One of the two methods is described below using timing charts shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B.
The select signal COLA is set to active at a timing B1 shown in FIG. 24A, and the wordline WL1 is selected at a timing B2. In this case, since the select signal COLA is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the A-side memory cell MC, that is, the memory cell MC-1A. When the latch signal SLA falls at a timing B3, the data line driver cell 110A-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-1A.
The select signal COLB is set to active at a timing B4, and the wordline WL1 is selected at a timing B5. In this case, since the select signal COLB is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the B-side memory cell MC, that is, the memory cell MC-1B. When the latch signal SLB falls at a timing B6, the data line driver cell 110B-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-1B. In FIG. 24A, the wordline WL1 is selected when reading data twice.
The data latch operation of the data line driver 100 by reading data twice in the 1H period is completed in this manner.
FIG. 24B shows a timing chart when the wordline WL2 is selected. The operation is similar to the above-described operation. As a result, when the wordline WL2 is selected as indicated by B7 and B8, data stored in the memory cell MC-2A is latched by the data line driver cell 110A-R, and data stored in the memory cell MC-2B is latched by the data line driver cell 110B-R.
The data latch operation of the data line driver 100 by reading data twice in the 1H period differing from the 1H period shown in FIG. 24A is completed in this manner.
According to such a read method, data is stored in each memory cell MC of the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 25. For example, data RA-1 to RA-6 is 6-bit R pixel data to be supplied to the data line driver cell 110A-R, and data RB-1 to RB-6 is 6-bit R pixel data to be supplied to the data line driver cell 110B-R.
As shown in FIG. 25, the data RA-1 (data latched by the data line driver 100A), the data RB-1 (data latched by the data line driver 100B), the data RA-2 (data latched by the data line driver 100A), the data RB-2 (data latched by the data line driver 100B), the data RA-3 (data latched by the data line driver 100A), the data RB-3 (data latched by the data line driver 100B), . . . are sequentially stored in the memory cells MC corresponding to the wordline WL1 along the direction Y, for example. Specifically, (data latched by the data line driver 100A) and (data latched by the data line driver 100B) are alternately stored in the RAM 200 along the direction Y.
In the read method shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B, data is read twice in the 1H period, and the same wordline is selected in the 1H period.
The above description discloses that each selective sense amplifier SSA receives data from two of the memory cells MC selected by one wordline selection. However, the invention is not limited thereto. For example, each selective sense amplifier SSA may receive N-bit data from N memory cells MC of the memory cells MC selected by one wordline selection. In this case, the selective sense amplifier SSA selects 1-bit data received from a first memory cell MC of first to Nth memory cells MC (N memory cells MC) upon first selection of a single wordline. The selective sense amplifier SSA selects 1-bit data received from the Kth memory cell MC upon Kth (1≦K≦N) selection of the wordline.
As a modification of FIGS. 24A and 24B, J (J is an integer larger than 1) wordlines WL each selected N times in the 1H period may be selected so that the number of times data is read from the RAM 200 in the 1H period is N×J. Specifically, when N=2 and J=2, the four wordline selections shown in FIGS. 24A and 24B are performed in a single horizontal scan period 1H. Specifically, data is read four (N=4) times by selecting the wordline WL1 twice and selecting the wordline WL2 twice in the 1H period.
In this case, each RAM block 200 outputs M-bit (M is an integer larger than 1) data upon one wordline selection. When the number of data lines DL of the display panel 10 is denoted by DLN, the number of grayscale bits of each pixel corresponding to each data line is denoted by G, and the number of RAM blocks 200 is denoted by BNK, the value M is given by the following equation:




  M
  =
  
    
      DLN
      ×
      G
    
    
      BNK
      ×
      N
      ×
      J
    
  




The other control method is described below with reference to FIGS. 26A and 26B.
The select signal COLA is set to active at a timing C1 shown in FIG. 26A, and the wordline WL1 is selected at a timing C2. This causes the memory cells MC-1A and MC-1B shown in FIG. 22 to be selected. In this case, since the select signal COLA is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the A-side memory cell MC (first memory cell in a broad sense), that is, the memory cell MC-1A. When the latch signal SLA falls at a timing C3, the data line driver cell 110A-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-1A.
The wordline WL2 is selected at a timing C4 so that the memory cells MC-2A and MC-2B are selected. In this case, since the select signal COLA is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the A-side memory cell MC, that is, the memory cell MC-2A. When the latch signal SLB falls at a timing C5, the data line driver cell 110B-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-2A.
The data latch operation of the data line driver 100 by reading data twice in the 1H period is completed in this manner.
The read operation in the 1H period differing from the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A is described below with reference to FIG. 26B. The select signal COLB is set to active at a timing C6 shown in FIG. 26B, and the wordline WL1 is selected at a timing C7. This causes the memory cells MC-1A and MC-1B shown in FIG. 22 to be selected. In this case, since the select signal COLB is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the B-side memory cell MC (one of the first to Nth memory cells differing from the first memory cell in a broad sense), that is, the memory cell MC-1B. When the latch signal SLA falls at a timing C8, the data line driver cell 110A-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-1B.
The wordline WL2 is selected at a timing C9 so that the memory cells MC-2A and MC-2B are selected. In this case, since the select signal COLB is active, the selective sense amplifier SSA detects and outputs data stored in the B-side memory cell MC, that is, the memory cell MC-2B. When the latch signal SLB falls at a timing C10, the data line driver cell 110B-R latches the data stored in the memory cell MC-2B.
The data latch operation of the data line driver 100 by reading data twice in the 1H period differing from the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A is completed in this manner.
According to such a read method, data is stored in each memory cell MC of the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 27. Data RA-1A to RA-6A and data RA-1B to RA-6B are 6-bit R subpixel data to be supplied to the data line driver cell 110A-R, for example. The data RA-1A to RA-6A is R subpixel data in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A, and the data RA-1B to RA-6B is R subpixel data in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26B.
Data RB-1A to RB-6A and data RB-1B to RB-6B are 6-bit R subpixel data to be supplied to the data line driver cell 110B-R. The data RB-1A to RB-6A is R subpixel data in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A, and the data RB-1B to RB-6B is R subpixel data in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26B.
As shown in FIG. 27, the data RA-1A (data latched by the data line driver 100A) and the data RB-1A (data latched by the data line driver 100B) are stored in the RAM 200 in that order along the direction X.
The data RA-1A (data latched by the data line driver 100A in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A), the data RA-1B (data latched by the data line driver 100A in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A), the data RA-2A (data latched by the data line driver 100A in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A), the data RA-2B (data latched by the data line driver 100A in the 1H period shown in FIG. 26A), . . . are stored in the RAM 200 in that order along the direction Y. Specifically, the data latched by the data line driver 100A in one 1H period and the data latched by the data line driver 100A in another 1H period are alternately stored in the RAM 200 along the direction Y.
In the read method shown in FIGS. 26A and 26B, data is read twice in the 1H period, and different wordlines are selected in the 1H period. A single wordline is selected twice in one vertical period (i.e. one frame period). This is because the two pairs of bitlines BL and /BL are connected with the selective sense amplifier SSA. Therefore, when three or more pairs of bitlines BL and /BL are connected with the selective sense amplifier SSA, a single wordline is selected three or more times in one vertical period.
In the embodiment, the wordline WL is controlled by the wordline control circuit 240 shown in FIG. 4, for example.
3.5 Arrangement of Data Read Control Circuit
FIG. 20 shows two memory cell arrays 200A and 200B and peripheral circuits provided in two RAMs 200 formed by using the horizontal cells shown in FIG. 17B.
FIG. 20 is a block diagram showing an example in which two RAMs 200 are adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. 3A. A row decoder (wordline control circuit in a broad sense) 240, an output circuit 260, and a CPU write/read circuit 280 are provided for each of the two memory cell arrays 200A and 200B as dedicated circuits. A CPU/LCD control circuit 250 and a column decoder 270 are provided as circuits common to the two memory cell arrays 200A and 200B.
The row decoders 240 control the wordlines WL of the RAMs 200A and 200B based on signals from the CPU/LCD control circuit 250. Since data read control from each of the two memory cell arrays 200A and 200B to the LCD is performed by the row decoder 240 and the CPU/LCD control circuit 250, the row decoder 240 and the CPU/LCD control circuit 250 serve as a data read control circuit in a broad sense. The CPU/LCD control circuit 250 controls the two row decoders 240, two output circuits 260, two CPU write/read circuits 280, and one column decoder 270 based on control by an external host, for example.
The two CPU write/read circuits 280 write data from the host into the memory cell arrays 200A and 220B, or read data stored in the memory cell arrays 200A and 220B and output the data to the host based on signals from the CPU/LCD control circuit 250. The column decoder 270 controls selection of the bitlines BL and /BL of the memory cell arrays 200A and 200B based on signals from the CPU/LCD control circuit 250.
The output circuit 260 includes a plurality of sense amplifiers 211 to which 1 -bit data is respectively input as described above, and outputs M-bit data output from each of the memory cell arrays 200A and 200B upon selection of two different wordlines WL in the 1H period to the data line driver 100, for example. When four RAMs 200 are provided as shown in FIG. 3A, two CPU/LCD control circuits 250 control four column decoders 270 based on a single wordline control signal RAC shown in FIG. 10, so that the wordlines WL having the same column address are selected at the same time in the four memory cell arrays.
Since the number of bits M read at one reading is reduced by reading data from each of the memory cell arrays 200A and 200B twice in the 1H period, the size of the column decoder 270 and the CPU write/read circuit 280 is halved. When two RAMs 200 are adjacent to each other as shown in FIG. 3A, since the CPU/LCD control circuit 250 and the column decoder 260 can be used in common for the two memory cell arrays 200A and 200B, the size of the RAM 200 can be reduced.
When using the horizontal cells shown in FIG. 17B, since the number of memory cells MC connected with each of the wordlines WL1 and WL2 is as small as M as shown in FIG. 19, the interconnect capacitance of the wordline is relatively small. Therefore, it is unnecessary to hierarchize the wordline by using a main-wordline and a sub-wordline.
4. Modification
FIG. 28 shows a modification according to the embodiment. In FIG. 11A, the data line driver 100 is divided into the data line drivers 100A and 100B in the direction X, for example. The R subpixel data line driver cell, the G subpixel data line driver cell, and the B subpixel data line driver cell are provided in each of the data line drivers 100A and 100B when displaying a color image.
In the modification shown in FIG. 28, the data line driver is divided into three data line drivers 100-R, 100-C and 100-B in the direction X. A plurality of R subpixel data line driver cells 110-R1, 110-R2, . . . are provided in the data line driver 100-R, and a plurality of G subpixel data line driver cells 110-G1, 110-G2, . . . are provided in the data line driver 100-G Likewise, a plurality of B subpixel data line driver cells 110-B1, 110-B2, . . . are provided in the data line driver 100-B.
In the modification shown in FIG. 28, data is read three times in the 1H period. For example, when the wordline WL1 is selected, the data line driver 100-R latches data output from the RAM 200 in response to the selection of the wordline WL1. This causes data stored in the memory cell group MCS31 to be latched by the data line driver 100-R1, for example.
When the wordline WL2 is selected, the data line driver 100-G latches data output from the RAM 200 in response to the selection of the wordline WL2. This causes data stored in the memory cell group MCS32 to be latched by the data line driver 100-G1, for example.
When the wordline WL3 is selected, the data line driver 100-B latches data output from the RAM 200 in response to the selection of the wordline WL3. This causes data stored in the memory cell group MCS33 to be latched by the data line driver 100-B1, for example.
The above description also applies to the memory cell groups MCS34, MCS35, and MCS36. Data stored in the memory cell groups MCS34, MCS35, and MCS36 is respectively stored in the data line driver cells 110-R2, 110-G2, and 110-B2, as shown in FIG. 28.
FIG. 29 is a diagram showing a timing chart of this three-stage read operation. The wordline WL1 is selected at a timing D1 shown in FIG. 29, and the data line driver 100-R latches data from the RAM 200 at a timing D2. This causes data output by the selection of the wordline WL1 to be latched by the data line driver 100-R.
The wordline WL2 is selected at a timing D3, and the data line driver 100-G latches data from the RAM 200 at a timing D4. This causes data output by the selection of the wordline WL2 to be latched by the data line driver 100-G The wordline WL3 is selected at a timing D5, and the data line driver 100-B latches data from the RAM 200 at a timing D6. This causes data output by the selection of the wordline WL3 to be latched by the data line driver 100-B.
According to the above-described operation, data is stored in the memory cells MC of the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 30. For example, data R1-1 shown in FIG. 30 indicates 1-bit data when the R subpixel has a 6-bit grayscale, and is stored in one memory cell MC.
For example, the data R1-1 to R1-6 is stored in the memory cell group MCS31 shown in FIG. 28, the data G1-1 to G1-6 is stored in the memory cell group MCS32, and the data B1-1 to B1-6 is stored in the memory cell group MCS33. Likewise, the data R2-1 to R2-6, G2-1 to G2-6, and B2-1 to B2-6 is respectively stored in groups MCS34 to MCS36, as shown in FIG. 30.
For example, the data stored in the memory cell groups MCS31 to MCS33 may be considered to be data for one pixel, and is data for driving the data lines differing from the data lines corresponding to the data stored in the memory cell groups MCS34 to MSC36. Therefore, data in pixel units can be sequentially written into the RAM 200 along the direction Y.
Among the data lines provided in the display panel 10, the data line corresponding to the R subpixel is driven, the data line corresponding to the G subpixel is then driven, and the data line corresponding to the B subpixel is then driven. Therefore, since all the data lines corresponding to the R subpixels have been driven even if a delay occurs in each reading when reading data three times in the 1H period, for example, the area of the region in which an image is not displayed due to the delay is reduced. Therefore, deterioration of display such as a flicker can be reduced.
5. Effect of the Embodiment
In the embodiment, the shield interconnects SHD2 are formed in the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 33. This enables normal data detection even if the third power supply interconnect GL is formed in a layer above the bitlines BL and /BL. Therefore, since various signal lines can be formed in a layer above the RAM 200, the circuit blocks of the display driver 20 can be flexibly arranged. For example, a grayscale voltage necessary for the data line driver 100 (circuit other than the display memory in a broad sense) can be supplied through a layer above the RAM 200. Specifically, a layout in which the chip area of the display driver 20 is minimized can be achieved, whereby manufacturing cost is reduced.
The shield interconnect SHD2 is formed along the direction X, as shown in FIG. 33. Therefore, the shield interconnect SHD2 can be used as a power supply interconnect for supplying the voltage VSS, whereby a power supply can be stably provided to each memory cell MC.
Moreover, since the shield interconnect non-formation region NSH2 can be formed in a layer above the bitlines BL and /BL in the region in which the bitlines BL and /BL are not formed as shown in FIG. 33, gas generated in a layer below the shield interconnect SHD2 in the subsequent step can be discharged, whereby yield is improved.
In the embodiment, data is read from the RAM 200 a plurality of times in the 1H period, as described above. Therefore, the number of memory cells MC connected with one wordline can be reduced, or the data line driver 100 can be divided. For example, since the number of memory cells MC corresponding to one wordline can be adjusted by changing the number of readings in the 1H period, the length RX in the direction X and the length RY in the direction Y of the RAM 200 can be appropriately adjusted. Moreover, the number of divisions of the data line driver 100 can be changed by adjusting the number of readings in the 1H period.
Moreover, the number of blocks of the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 can be easily changed or the layout size of the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 can be easily changed corresponding to the number of data lines provided in the display region 12 of the drive target display panel 10. Therefore, the display driver 20 can be designed while taking other circuits provided to the display driver 20 into consideration, whereby design cost of the display driver 20 can be reduced. For example, when only the number of data lines is changed corresponding to the design change in the drive target display panel 10, the major design change target may be the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200. In this case, since the layout size of the data line driver 100 and the RAM 200 can be flexibly designed in the embodiment, a known library may be used for other circuits. Therefore, the embodiment enables effective utilization of the limited space, whereby design cost of the display driver 20 can be reduced.
In the embodiment, since data is read a plurality of times in the 1H period, M×2 memory cells MC can be provided in the direction Y of the RAM 200 to which M-bit data is output by the sense amplifier SSA as shown in FIG. 21A. This enables the memory cells MC to be efficiently arranged, whereby the chip area can be reduced.
In the display driver 24 of the comparative example shown in FIG. 8, since the wordline WL is very long, a certain amount of electric power is required so that a variation due to a data read delay from the RAM 205 does not occur. Moreover, since the wordline WL is very long, the number of memory cells connected with one wordline WL1 is increased, whereby the parasitic capacitance of the wordline WL is increased. An increase in the parasitic capacitance may be dealt with by dividing the wordlines WL and controlling the divided wordlines. However, it is necessary to provide an additional circuit.
In the embodiment, the wordlines WL1 and WL2 and the like are formed to extend along the direction Y as shown in FIG. 1A, and the length of each wordline is sufficiently small in comparison with the wordline WL of the comparative example. Therefore, the amount of electric power required to select the wordline WL1 is reduced. This prevents an increase in power consumption even when reading data a plurality of times in the 1H period.
When the 4BANK RAMs 200 are provided as shown in FIG. 3A, the wordline select signal and the latch signals SLA and SLB are controlled in the RAM 200 as shown in FIG. 11B. These signals may be used in common for each of the 4BANK RAMs 200, for example.
In more detail, the same data line control signal SLC (data line driver control signal) is supplied to the data line drivers 100-1 to 100-4, and the same wordline control signal RAC (RAM control signal) is supplied to the RAMs 200-1 to 200-4, as shown in FIG. 10. The data line control signal SLC includes the latch signals SLA and SLB shown in FIG. 11B, and the RAM control signal RAC includes the wordline select signal shown in FIG. 11B, for example.
Therefore, the wordline of the RAM 200 is selected similarly in each BANK, and the latch signals SLA and SLB supplied to the data line driver 100 fall similarly. Specifically, the wordline of one RAM 200 and the wordline of another RAM 200 are selected at the same time in the 1H period. This enables the data line drivers 100 to drive the data lines normally.
Although only some embodiments of the invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the embodiments without departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention. For example, the terms mentioned in the specification or the drawings at least once together with different terms in a broader sense or a similar sense may be replaced with the different terms in any part of the specification or the drawings.
In the embodiment, image data for one display frame can be stored in the RAMs 200 provided in the display driver 20, for example. However, the invention is not limited thereto.
The display panel 10 may be provided with k (k is an integer larger than 1) display drivers, and 1/k of the image data for one display frame may be stored in each of the k display drivers. In this case, when the total number of data lines DL for one display frame is denoted by DLN, the number of data lines driven by each of the k display drivers is DLN/k.

## Claims

1. An integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein a plurality of bitline protection interconnects are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the bitline protection interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory are formed in a layer above the bitline protection interconnects, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.

2. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 1,
wherein the wordlines are formed in a layer between the layers in which the bitlines and the bitline protection interconnects are respectively formed, each of the wordlines at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view.

3. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 2,
wherein each of the first power supply interconnects at least partially covers one of the bitlines in a plan view.

4. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 3,
wherein each of the memory cells has a short side and a long side;
wherein in each of the memory cells, the bitlines are formed along a first direction in which the short side of each of the memory cells extends; and
wherein in each of the memory cells, the wordlines are formed along a second direction in which the long side of each of the memory cells extends.

5. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 4,
wherein two of the first power supply interconnects are provided in each of the memory cells.

6. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 4,
wherein a protection interconnect non-formation region in which the bitline protection interconnects are not formed is provided in a layer above a region in which the first power supply interconnects are formed.

7. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 4,
wherein a protection interconnect non-formation region in which the bitline protection interconnects are not formed is provided in a layer above a region in which the second power supply interconnects are formed.

8. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 7,
wherein the bitline protection interconnects extend in the first direction.

9. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 8,
wherein the protection interconnect non-formation region extends in the first direction.

10. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 6,
wherein the bitline protection interconnects extend in the second direction.

11. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 10,
wherein the protection interconnect non-formation region extends in the second direction.

12. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 11,
wherein two of the first power supply interconnects are provided in each of the memory cells; and
wherein end sections of one of the bitline protection interconnects in the first direction at least partially cover the two of the first power supply interconnects in a plan view.

13. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 6,
wherein one of the first and second power supply voltages is supplied to the bitline protection interconnects.

14. The integrated circuit device as defined in claim 6,
wherein the bitline protection interconnects are electrically connected to one of the first and second power supply interconnects.

15. An integrated circuit device having a display memory which stores at least part of data displayed in a display panel which has a plurality of scan lines and a plurality of data lines,
wherein the display memory includes a plurality of wordlines, a plurality of bitlines, and a plurality of memory cells;
wherein a plurality of first power supply interconnects for supplying a first power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in a metal interconnect layer in which the wordlines are formed;
wherein a plurality of second power supply interconnects for supplying a second power supply voltage to the memory cells are formed in another metal interconnect layer in which the bitlines are formed, the second power supply voltage being higher than the first power supply voltage;
wherein the wordlines are formed in a layer above the bitlines, each of the wordlines at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view, and each of the first power supply interconnects at least partially covering one of the bitlines in a plan view; and
wherein a third power supply interconnect for supplying a third power supply voltage to circuits of the integrated circuit device other than the display memory is formed in a layer above the wordlines, the third power supply voltage being higher than the second power supply voltage.

16. An electronic instrument, comprising:
the integrated circuit device as defined in claim 1; and
a display panel.

17. The electronic instrument as defined in claim 16, the integrated circuit device being mounted on a substrate which forms the display panel.

18. The electronic instrument as defined in claim 17,
wherein the integrated circuit device is mounted on a substrate which forms the display panel so that the wordlines of the integrated circuit device are parallel to a direction in which the data lines of the display panel extend.