NEW YORK STATE 

IMPLEMENTATION PLAN 

FOR

REGIONAL HAZE

FINAL FEBRUARY 2010

New York State Department of Environmental Conservation 

 DAVID A. PATERSON, GOVERNOR ALEXANDER B. GRANNIS, COMMISSIONER

Department of Environmental Conservation

Division of Air Resources
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY BLANK
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Table of Contents 

Executive Summary 

Acronyms and Abbreviations 

1.0 Background and Overview of the Federal Regional Haze Regulation

1.1. Haze Characteristics and Effects 

1.2. General Background / History of Federal Regional Haze Rule 

 1.3 Area of Influence for MANE-VU Class I Areas 

1.4 Class I Areas Affected 

2.0 General Planning Provisions 

2.1 SIP Submission Dates 

2.2 New York Statutory Authority 

3.0 Regional Planning 

4.0 Federal Land Manager Coordination 

5.0 Assessment of Baseline and Natural Conditions 

5.1 Natural Conditions 

5.2 Baseline Visibility 

5.3 Comparison of Natural and Baseline Conditions 

6.0 Monitoring Strategy 

6.1 IMPROVE Program Objectives 

6.2 New York’s Monitoring Responsibilities 

6.3 Monitoring Information for MANE-VU Class I Areas 

7.0 Emission Inventory 

7.1 Baseline and Future Year Emission Inventories for Modeling 

 7.2 Inventories for Specific Source Types 

7.3 Emission Processor Selection and Configuration (SMOKE) 

 7.4 Sources of Visibility Impairing Pollutants in MANE-VU 

 7.5 Emission Inventory Characteristics 

7.6 Summary of Emission Inventories 
ii 

8.0 Best Available Retrofit Technology (BART) Requirements 

8.1 BART and the Clean Air Interstate Rule 

8.2 Large Electrical Generating Units 

8.3 The Federal BART Rule 

8.4 New York State’s BART Rule 

8.5 Anticipated Visibility Improvement as a Result of BART 

9.0 Reasonable Progress Goals (RPGs) 

 9.1 Consultation and Agreement with Other States’ Goals 

9.2 Reasonable Progress Goals for Class I Areas 

9.3 Controls Within MANE-VU 

9.4 Controls Within MANE-VU Selected by Class I States to Meet Reasonable 

Progress Goals 

9.5 Visibility Impacts of Additional Reasonable Controls 

9.6 Modeling Impacts of BART Controls on Former Non-CAIR Sources in MANEVU 

9.7 Controls Outside of MANE-VU Selected to Meet Reasonable Progress Goals 

9.8 Implementation of MANE-VU’s Low Sulfur Fuel Strategy 

9.9 Impacts of Reducing Emissions of SO2 from 167 EGU Stacks 

9.10 Reducing Non-EGU SO2 Emissions Outside MANE-VU by 28 Percent 

9.11 Implementation of Gas-Turbine EGU Controls in Canada 

9.12 Results of Best and Final Modeling 

9.13 Comparison to the Clean Air Act 

9.14 Reporting 

10.0 Long Term Strategy 

10.1 Overview of the Long Term Strategy Development Process 

10.2 Technical Basis for Emission Reduction Obligations 

10.3 Emission Reductions Due to Ongoing Air Pollution Control Programs 

10.4 Additional Reasonable Strategies

10.5 Additional Measures Considered 

10.6 Estimated Impacts of New York’s Long Term Strategy on Visibility 

10.7 New York’s Share of Emission Reductions 

10.8 Enforceability of Emission Limitations and Control Measures

10.9 Consultation on the Long Term Strategy 

10.10 Emission Limitations and Schedules of Compliance 

11.0 Comprehensive Periodic Implementation Plan Revisions 

12.0 Determination of the Adequacy of the Existing Plan 

 Appendices
iii 

List of Tables 

Table 1-1 States That Contribute to Visibility Impairment in the MANE-VU 

Class I Areas of Acadia, Moosehorn, Great Gulf, Lye Brook and 

Brigantine 

Table 3-1 MANE-VU RPO Members 

Table 5-1 IMPROVE Information for MANE-VU Class I Areas 

Table 5-2 Baseline Visibility for the 20 Percent Worst Days and 20 Percent 

Best Days for Five Years (from 2000-2004) in MANE-VU Class I 

Areas 

Table 5-3 Summary of Baseline Visibility and Natural Conditions for the 20 

Percent Worst and 20 Percent Best Visibility Days 

Table 7-1 MANE-VU 2002 Emissions Inventory Summary 

Table 7-2 MANE-VU 2018 Emissions Inventory Summary 

Table 7-3 Change in MANE-VU Emissions 2002 to 2018 

Table 7-4 New York 2002 Emissions Inventory Summary 

Table 7-5 New York 2018 Emissions Inventory Summary

Table 7-6 Change in New York Emissions 2002 to 2018

 Table 9-1 Uniform Rate of Progress 

 Table 9-2a Reasonable Progress Goals—20 Percent Worst Days 

 Table 9-2b Reasonable Progress Goals—20 Percent Best Days 

 Table 9-3 Summary of Results from Four-Factor Analysis of Different 

Source Categories 

 Table 9-4 Units in New York Included in the List of 167 Stacks Identified by 

MANE-VU for Which 90 Percent or Greater Reductions in Sulfur 

Dioxide (SO2) Emissions are Recommended 

 Table 9-5 New York State OTB/OTW VOC Control Measures in the 8-Hour 

Ozone SIP 

 Table 9-6 Estimated Emissions from Non-EGU BART-Eligible Facilities 

Located in MANE-VU Used in Final Modeling

Table 10-1 Percent of Modeled Sulfate Due to Emissions from Listed States 

Table 10-2 Recreational Marine Diesel Emission Standards 

Table 10-3 Corrected Construction Emissions from the District of Columbia 

Table 10-4 Nonroad Diesel Emission Standards 

Table 10-5 Rulemaking Schedule Summary

 Table 10-6 Summary of Results from the Four Factor Analysis 

Table 10-7 Estimated Emissions from Non-EGU BART-Eligible Facilities 

Located in MANE-VU Used in Final Modeling 

Table 10-8 Emissions from Point, Area and Mobile Sources in MANE-VU 

Table 10-9 Emissions from Point, Area and Mobile Sources in New York 
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List of Figures 

Figure 6-1 Locational Map of the Acadia National Park, the Moosehorn 

National Wildlife Refuge, and the Roosevelt Campobello 

International Park 

Figure 6-2 Detailed Map of Acadia National Park 

Figure 6-3 Detailed Map of the Moosehorn Wildlife Refuge Areas and the 

Roosevelt Campobello International Park 

Figure 6-4 Locational Map of the Brigantine Wilderness Area 

Figure 6-5 Detailed Map of the Brigantine Wilderness Area 

Figure 6-6 Locational Map of the Great Gulf Wilderness and Presidential 

Range Dry River Areas 

Figure 6-7 Detailed Map of the Great Gulf Wilderness and Presidential 

Range Dry River Areas 

Figure 6-8 Locational Map of the Lye Brook Wilderness Area 

 Figure 6-9 Detailed Map of the Lye Brook Wilderness Area 

Figure 7-1 State Level Sulfur Dioxide Emissions 

Figure 7-2 2002 SO2 Emissions 

Figure 7-3 2002 VOC Emissions 

Figure 7-4 State Level Nitrogen Oxides Emissions 

Figure 7-5 2002 NOX Emissions 

Figure 7-6 State Level Primary PM10 Emissions 

Figure 7-7 State Level Primary PM2.5 Emissions 

Figure 7-8 2002 Primary PM10 Emissions 

Figure 7-9 2002 Primary PM2.5 Emissions 

Figure 7-10 State Level Ammonia Emissions 

Figure 7-11 2002 NH3 Emissions 

Figure 8-1 Tentative NYS BART Sources 

Figure 9-1 Average Change in 24-hr PM2.5 Due to Low Sulfur Fuel 

Strategies Relative to OTB/OTW 

Figure 9-2 Preliminary Estimate of Average Change in 24-hr PM2.5 Due to 

90 Percent Reduction in SO2 Emissions from 167 EGU Stacks 

Affecting MANE-VU

Figure 9-3 Projected Visibility Improvement at Acadia National Park Based 

on 2009 and 2018 Best and Final Projections 

Figure 9-4 Projected Visibility Improvement at Brigantine National Wildlife 

Refuge Based on Best and Final Modeling

Figure 9-5 Projected Visibility Improvement at Great Gulf Wilderness Area 

Based on Best and Final Modeling

Figure 9-6 Projected Visibility Improvement at Lye Brook Wilderness Area 

Based on Best and Final Modeling
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Figure 9-7 Projected Visibility Improvement at Moosehorn National Wildlife 

Refuge and Roosevelt/Campobello International Park Based on 

Best and Final Modeling 

Figure 10-1 Contributions to PM2.5 Extinction at Seven Class I Sites 

Figure 10-2 Ranked state percent sulfate contributions to Northeast Class I 

receptors based on emissions divided by distance (Q/d) results 

adjusted for prevailing winds 

Figure 10-3 Ranked state percent sulfate contributions to Mid-Atlantic Class I 

receptors based on emissions divided by distance (Q/d) results 

adjusted for prevailing winds 

Figure 10-4 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Brigantine 

Figure 10-5 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Lye Brook 

Figure 10-6 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Great Gulf 

Figure 10-7 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Acadia 

Figure 10-8 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Moosehorn 

Figure 10-9 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Shenandoah 

Figure 10-10 Modeled 2002 Contributions to Sulfate by State at Dolly Sods 

Figure 10-11 167 EGU Stacks Affecting MANE-VU Class I Area(s) 

Figure 10-12 Woodsmoke Source Regional Aggregations 

Figure 10-13a Projected Visibility Improvement at Acadia National Park Based 

On 2009 and 2018 Best and Final Projections 

Figure 10-13b Projected Visibility Improvement at Brigantine National Wildlife 

Refuge Based On Best and Final Modeling 

Figure 10-13c Projected Visibility Improvement at Great Gulf Wilderness Area 

Based on Best and Final Modeling 

Figure 10-13d Projected Visibility Improvement at Lye Brook Wilderness Area 

Based on Best and Final Modeling 

Figure 10-13e Projected Visibility Improvement at Moosehorn National Wildlife 

Refuge Based on Best and Final Modeling 
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List of Appendices 

Appendix A Contributions to Regional Haze in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic 

United States 

Appendix B Summary of Federal Land Manager Comments and Responses 

Appendix C Guidance for Estimating Natural Visibility Conditions Under the 

Regional Haze Rule 

Appendix D Updated Visibility Statistics for the MANE-VU Region 

Appendix E Development of Emission Projections for 2009, 2012 and 2018 for 

NonEGU Point, Area, and Nonroad Sources in the MANE-VU 

Region 

Appendix F Summary of Consultation Meetings and Conferences 

Appendix G Technical Support Document on Measures to Mitigate the 

Visibility Impacts of Construction Activities in the MANE-VU 

Region 

Appendix H Technical Support Document for 2002 MANE-VU SIP Modeling 

Inventories, Version 3 

Appendix I Technical Support Document on Agricultural and Forestry Smoke 

Management in the MANE-VU Region 

Appendix J Assessment of Reasonable Progress for Regional Haze in 

MANE-VU Class I Areas 

Appendix K Statement of the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANEVU) Concerning a Course of Action Within MANE-VU Toward 

Assuring Reasonable Progress 

 Appendix L Baseline and Natural Background Visibility Conditions 

Appendix M The Nature of the Fine Particle and Regional Haze Air Quality 

Problems in the MANE-VU Region: A Conceptual Description 

Appendix N MANE-VU Basis for Reasonable Controls 

Appendix O Supplemental Air Quality Modeling Technical Support Document 

(TSD) for the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR), May, 2004. 

 Appendix P List of Top 167 Sources 

Appendix Q Five-Factor Analysis of BART-Eligible Sources: Survey of Options 

for Conducting BART Determinations (July, 2007) 

Appendix R MANE-VU Modeling for Reasonable Progress Goals: Model 

 Performance Evaluation, Pollution Apportionment, and Control 

Measure Benefits (February 2008) 

 Appendix S Statement of the Mid-Atlantic/Northeast Visibility Union (MANEVU) Concerning a Request for a Course of Action by States 

Outside MANE-VU Toward Assuring Reasonable Progress 

 Appendix T Comparison of CAIR and CAIR Plus Proposal using the 

Integrated Planning Model 
vii 

 Appendix U Assessment of Control Technology Options for BART-Eligible 

Sources: Steam Electric Boilers, Industrial Boilers, Cement Plants 

and Paper and Pulp Facilities 

Appendix V 2018 Visibility Projections 

 Appendix W Documentation of 2018 Emissions from Electric Generating Units 

in the Eastern United States for MANE-VU’s Regional Haze 

Modeling 

 Appendix X New Hampshire Consultation Letter