This file was created by scanning the printed publication. Text errors identified 

by the software have been corrected; however, some errors may remain.
Product Registration Card

CONSUME Version 1.00

Name ________________________

Organization _______________________

Address _________________________

CONSUME Release version 1.0, January 1,1993

For updates, technical help, or to be placed on our client mailing list, please

contact:

Software Support Group

Fire and Environmental Research Applications

PNW Research Station

4043 Roosevelt Way N.E.

Seattle, Washington 98105

206/553-7815

____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________
Place

Stamp

Here

PNW Research Station

Fire and Environmental Research Applications

Software Support Group

4043 Roosevelt Way N.E.

Seattle, Washington 98105
CONSUME Users Guide

Roger D. Ottmar, Mary F. Burns, Janet N. Hall, and

Aaron D. Hanson

U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service

Pacific Northwest Research Station

Portland, Oregon

General Technical Report PNW-GTR-304

November 1992
Disclaimer

The CONSUME software is in the public domain and the

recipient may not assert any proprietary rights thereto or

represent them to anyone as other than Government-produced

programs.

The CONSUME software is provided "as is" without warranty of

any kind, including but not limited to the implied warranties of

merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The user

assumes all responsibility for the accuracy and suitability of

these programs for a specific application.

The use of trade, firm or corporation names in this publication is

for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use

does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the

U.S. Department of Agriculture of any product or service to the

exclusion of others that may be suitable.

Authors

ROGER D. OTTMAR and JANET N. HALL are research

foresters. MARY F. BURNS is a technical information specialist.

AARON D. HANSON is a computer programmer-analyst;

Forestry Sciences Laboratory, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle,

WA 98105.
i

Abstract

Ottmar, Roger D.; Burns, Mary F.; Hanson, Aaron D.; Hall,

Janet N. CONSUME Users Guide. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNWGTR-304. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 119p.

CONSUME is a user-friendly computer program designed for

resource managers with some working knowledge of IBM-PC

applications. The software predicts the amount of fuel

consumption on logged units based on weather data, the amount

and fuel moisture of fuels, and a number of other factors. Using

these predictions, the resource manager can accurately

determine when and where to conduct a prescribed burn to

achieve desired objectives, while reducing impacts on other

resources. CONSUME can be used for most broadcast and

underburns on forested lands in the western states if the woody

fuels are relatively homogeneous and composed of Douglas fir,

hemlock, alder, lodgepole pine, or mixed conifer species. The

models within CONSUME have not been adequately evaluated

for long-needled pine fuel types at this time.

Keywords: Prescribed burning, woody fuel consumption, duff

consumption, fuel moisture.

Cooperative Acknowledgment

This publication was developed by the Pacific Northwest

Research Station, Fire and Environmental Research

Applications Group, in cooperation with the Region 6 Aviation

and Fire Management Office, USDA Forest Service, to better

serve the needs of forest land managers
ii CONSUME Users Guide

About This Users Guide

Welcome to CONSUME. CONSUME is a user-friendly

computer program that calculates woody fuel and duff

consumption for resource managers who prescribe fire for

management of forest resources and have some working

knowledge of IBM-PC applications. This User Guide is divided

into ten parts:

CONSUME Overview. Describes general features of

CONSUME.

CONSUME Basics. Presents basic information you will need to

know to use CONSUME, such as installing and getting help.

Recording and Managing Data. Provides information on data

files.

Creating and Interpreting Reports. Describes the different

kinds of reports generated and how to interpret them.

Quick Reference. Offers quick information about each screen

and key that you can use in CONSUME.

References. Lists literature cited in this manual.

Appendix A: Tips and Cautions. Points out helpful tips and

cautions that may save you time.

Appendix B: Troubleshooting. Describes error messages and

helps diagnose problems.

Appendix C: Scientific Background. Provides scientific

background for CONSUME, including documentation of major

equations.

Glossary: Defines key words used in this manual and

CONSUME.
About This Users Guide iii

Conventions

This manual uses the following conventions.

File and directory names are shown in ALL CAPS For example,

"Switch to the CONSUME directory."

Commands you type from the keyboard are shown in bold text.

For example, "Type y to save the changes to the unit"

Key names are shown in SMALL CAPS. For example "Press the

ESC key to exit CONSUME."

Key combinations are shown separated by a hyphen (-) For

example, "press SHIFT-FI" means "hold down the SHIFT key and

press F1."

Flowcharts

The following paragraphs describe the symbols used to depict

the flow of the program.

All the charts flow from the top down Side branches show the

relative of order data used during the processing of the

calculations.

INPUT DATA

Rectangles represent input data, including any measured or

estimated value that is necessary for the calculations performed

by CONSUME. Examples are fuel loadings, fuel moisture

measurements, duff depth, and weather data.
IV CONSUME Users Guide

PROCESS \ ,

Hexagons represent processes These processes may contain

any number of individual calculations. The result of the process

is represented by the title of the process (for example, Percent

Consumption). Examples are consumption calculations, fuel

moisture estimates, and duff reduction.

The diamond shape represents a decision. CONSUME often

must choose between different processes according to

conditions present on a unit, in order to calculate various

parameters properly. The diamond shape shows where a

decision is made and the paths taken as a result of the decision.
Contents

1 CONSUME Overview

1 How Can CONSUME Help Me?

2 How Do I Use CONSUME?

3 What Data Do I Enter?

3 How Does CONSUME Analyze Data?

6 What Results Do I Get?

7 CONSUME Basics

7 Installing and Setting Up

7 Running the Install Program

9 Checking Your System Configuration

10 Using the Sample Data

10 Switching From Previous Versions of CONSUME

10 Starting CONSUME

11 Exiting CONSUME

11 Getting Help

12 Using CONSUME Screens

13 Main Menu Screen

14 Data Entry Screens

19 Reports Menu Screen

20 Backing Up and Restoring Database and Report

Files

21 Recording and Managing Data

21 Recording Weather Zone Data

22 How Many Weather Zones?

22 About Weather Zone Data

25 Creating Weather Zones

26 Basing a New Zone on an Existing One

27 Modifying Weather Zones

28 Viewing Weather Zones

29 Deleting Weather Zones

30 Recording Unit Data

31 About Unit Data

36 Creating Unit Records

37 Basing a New Unit Record on an Existing One

38 Modifying Unit Records

v
vi CONSUME Users Guide

39 Viewing Unit Records

40 Deleting Unit Records

41 Recording Daily Weather Data

42 About Daily Weather Data

44 Adding Daily Weather Records

45 Modifying Daily Weather Records

47 Viewing Daily Weather Records

49 Creating and Interpreting Reports

49 About Reports

50 Creating Reports

51 Options for All Reports

54 Fuel Consumption by Date Report Options

55 Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture Report Options

56 Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Report

Options

56 Weather and Unit Information Report Options

56 Printer Setup

58 Using CONSUME Reports in Other Programs

59 Interpreting Reports

59 Viewing Reports

59 Interpreting Fuel Consumption by Date Reports

62 Interpreting Fuel Consumption by Adjusted

1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Reports

64 Interpreting Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture Reports

66 Interpreting Weather Information Reports

68 Interpreting Unit Information Reports

69 Quick Reference

69 CONSUME Screens

69 Menu Screens

69 Data Entry Screens

70 Report Option Screens

70 Selection Screens
Contents vii

71 Keyboard

71 General Keys

71 Data Entry Keys

72 Menu Keys

73 Report Keys

73 Zone and Unit Selection Keys

75 References

77 Appendix A: Tips and Cautions

79 Appendix B: Troubleshooting

79 Error Messages

79 Database Errors

81 File Errors

82 Internal Errors

85 Appendix C: Scientific Background

85 Introduction

86 CONSUME Algorithms

87 Small (1 -Hour, 10-Hour, and 100-Hour) Woody

Fuel Consumption

88 1 -Hour and 10-Hour Fuel Consumption Equations

89 100-Hour Fuel Consumption Equations

93 Large Woody Fuel Consumption

93 Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

93 Diameter Reduction

104 Duff Consumption

110 Total Biomass Consumption

111 Glossary

113 Index

1

CONSUME Overview

Forest managers use prescribed fire on logged forest land to

reduce obstacles to tree planting, expose mineral soil for natural

regeneration, and reduce the hazard of wildfire

In the past, a fire that consumed most of the organic material on

a logged forest site was thought to have met management

objectives. As understanding of forest ecosystems has

increased, forest managers have become more discriminating in

their use of prescribed fire. Now prescribed fires are applied to

satisfy forestry management objectives and benefit other forest

ecosystems as a whole.

The CONSUME program is a decisionmaking tool, designed to

assist you in your use of prescribed fire. CONSUME can help

you achieve your prescribed bum objectives while minimizing the

impact of prescribed fire on air quality, soil, water, wildlife, and

other resources.

How Can CONSUME Help Me?

CONSUME predicts the amount of fuel consumption on a logged

unit based on weather data, the amount and fuel moisture of

fuels, and a number of other factors. Using these predictions,

you can accurately determine when and where to conduct a

prescribed burn to achieve desired objectives, while reducing

impact on other resources.

For example, if a management objective was to retain an

average duff depth of 2 inches on the unit, the manager could

use CONSUME to determine the adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture at which a bum could take place and meet the

objective.
2 CONSUME Users Guide

Another management objective might be to produce less than

750 tons of smoke particulates from a prescribed burn.

CONSUME could be used to determine total fuels consumed for

a particular adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content. By

multiplying estimated fuel consumption by an average emission

factor (for example, 28 pounds per ton of fuels consumed), the

manager could determine whether the prescribed bum will meet

the 750-ton objective.

CONSUME bases its predictions on the assumption that fuels

will be broadcast burned, and that they have generally been

subject to logging activity.

How Do I Use CONSUME?

To use CONSUME, follow these basic steps:

1. Identify units to be burned in the upcoming bum season.

2. Gather initial weather data for each weather zone and enter

it into CONSUME. These zones should cover the entire

area where the units are located. For information about the

specific weather zone data to gather, see "Recording

Weather Zone Data."

3. Collect daily weather observations from each weather zone

and enter them into CONSUME. For more information

about the specific daily weather data to gather, see

"Recording Daily Weather Data."

4. Gather and enter data about each unit to be burned. You

can do this before or after you gather weather data. For

more information about the specific unit data to gather, see

"Recording Unit Data."

5. Create CONSUME reports to find optimal dates for

conducting prescribed bums or to determine the quantity of

fuels that will be consumed on given dates or at given fuel

moistures. For more information about the reports you can

create, see "Creating and Interpreting Reports."
CONSUME Overview 3

6. Update and make changes to existing data as necessary.

For more information about making changes to weather

zone, unit, and daily weather data see "Recording Weather

Zone Data," "Recording Unit Data," and "Recording Daily

Weather Data."

What Data Do I Enter?

CONSUME makes its predictions based on three types of data:

Weather zone data is information about forest areas that

have similar weather characteristics. This includes initial

fuel moisture, relative humidity, latitude, temperature, and

other factors. When you start using CONSUME, you create

an initial set of weather zone data.

You can also enter daily weather data for each day

thereafter, to reflect changing conditions.

Unit data is information about the specific units you will be

burning. Unit data includes number of acres, wind, ignition

time, slope, fuel loadings, and other prescription factors.

You enter this data into the CONSUME data base using data

entry screens.

How Does CONSUME Analyze Data?

Once you have entered weather and unit data into the

CONSUME data base, CONSUME can predict the quantity of

fuels that would be consumed in a prescribed bum on a given

date.
4 CONSUME Users Guide

Fuel moisture of 1000-hour (3- to 9-inch-diameter) fuels is the

most important factor in predicting fuel consumption.

CONSUME uses an adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture, which is

an estimated fuel moisture (derived from temperature, relative

humidity, and precipitation data) that represents the average unit

fuel moisture of large woody fuels in the Pacific Northwest.

Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture predicts the fuel moisture of

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco), hemlock

(Tsuga sp.), mixed conifers, and lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta

Dougl. ex Loud.). It has not been evaluated for predicting fuel

moisture of long-needled pine. For the Pacific Northwest,

adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is a more precise way to

measure the moisture of large woody fuels than the National Fire

Danger Rating System.

In addition to adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture, a number of

other factors are used to improve the accuracy of predictions.

The following charts show (in simplified form) how CONSUME

makes predictions. Appendix C shows more detailed information

about the CONSUME algorithms and the equations they use.

CONSUME uses weather data to calculate adjusted 1000-hour

fuel moisture. This is the most important factor in determining

fuel consumption.
CONSUME Overview 5

CONSUME uses separate algorithms to predict consumption of

1- and 10-hour fuels, 100-hour fuels, large woody fuels, and duff.
6 CONSUME Users Guide

What Results Do I Get?

In several types of reports, you can view the results of the

predictions CONSUME makes:

• Fuel Consumption by Date reports show you the quantity

of fuels that would be consumed in burns on different

calendar dates.

• Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture reports show you the quantity of fuels that would

be consumed in burns at different values of adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture.

• Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture reports show

you when fuels will reach a target fuel moisture value.

CONSUME can also provide reports that summarize the data

you entered:

• Weather Information reports show all or part of the weather

data that has been entered into the CONSUME database.

Unit Information reports show all or part of the unit data

that has been entered into the CONSUME database.

You can display reports on screen, print them on a printer, or

use them as text files in other programs, such as a database

management system, spreadsheet, or word processor.

You will find detailed information about reports in "Creating and

Interpreting Reports."
7

CONSUME Basics

This chapter introduces you to the basic information you need to

use CONSUME, including-

. Installation, upgrading, and using the CONSUME sample

database.

• How to start and exit CONSUME.

• An overview of the CONSUME screens and how to use

them.

• Information about backing up and restoring files.

Installing and Setting Up

You can install CONSUME on a personal computer with the

following system:

• IBM XT or better, or compatible.

• One megabyte of available disk space (500K for CONSUME

program files, and approximately 500K for the CONSUME

database—the actual size of the database depends on how

much data you will enter).

• MS-DOS or IBM PC-DOS 3.0 or higher.

• Any IBM-compatible monitor.

Running the Install Program

The CONSUME disks include a program that will install

CONSUME on your hard disk.
8 CONSUME Users Guide

To install CONSUME on your computer:

1. With your computer turned on and the DOS prompt

showing, insert the CONSUME floppy disk labeled Disk 1

into one of your computer's floppy disk drives

2. If the disk is in drive A, type a:install and press ENTER.

If the disk is in drive B, type b:install and press ENTER.

The install program screen appears, and suggests that you

install CONSUME in a directory named CONSUME on

drive C.

3. If you want to install CONSUME in the suggested directory,

press a.

If you want to install CONSUME in a different directory,

press c and then type the complete path (including drive

letter) to the directory.

4. When the install program displays the name of the correct

directory, press ENTER, and then press c.

The install program will display an error message if:

• The directory already contains files. You need to delete all

the files from the directory, or specify a different directory.

• The drive does not have enough space. Specify a different

drive, or delete uneeded files from the drive. The

CONSUME program files require about 500K of disk space.

• The path is incorrect. Type a correct path. See your DOS

documentation for more information about paths.

• The DOS version is incompatible with CONSUME You

must have DOS version 3.0 or later.

5. When the install program prompts you to change disks,

insert Disk 2 in the floppy disk drive.
CONSUME Basic 9

The install program copies the following files to your hard disk,

CONGO.EXE

CONSUME.BAT

CONSUME.HLP

BSTOP.COM

UNIT0100.BTR

WTHR0100.BTR

BTRIEVE.EXE

Checking Your System Configuration

Before you start CONSUME, check your system configuration to

make sure CONSUME will run properly.

To check your system configuration:

1. At the DOS prompt, enter the following to change to

drive C:

c:

2. Enter the following to change to the root directory

cd \

3. Enter the following to display the contents of the

CONFIG.SYS die on your computer.

type config.sys

If you see the following lines on your screen, you do not

need to make any changes to the CONFIG.SYS file.

FILES=20

(or any number higher than 20)

BUFFERS=20

(or any number higher than 20)
10 CONSUME Users Guide

4. If you do not have these lines, you need to add them to the

CONFIG.SYS tile. You can edit the tile using any text editor

or word processor that can save files in text (ASCII) format.

See your DOS manual for more information.

Using the Sample Data

When you first install CONSUME, it includes some sample

weather and unit records. Before you use CONSUME to create

your own database, you can use these sample records to try out

CONSUME and see how it works.

For example, you can use the sample database to view and

modify existing data and create reports.

When you are ready to start using CONSUME to enter your own

data, you can delete the sample records. For more information

about deleting records, see "Deleting Weather Zones" and

"Deleting Unit Records."

Switching From Previous Versions of

CONSUME

If you are currently using a prototype of CONSUME, and you

want to use the weather or unit data you entered into it, leave

the prototype and its data files on your system. Contact the

USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station,

Software Support, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105

for more information about upgrading to the new version.

Starting CONSUME

You start CONSUME from the DOS prompt. If you are not in the

directory with the CONSUME tiles, you may need to change

directories before you start.
CONSUME Basics 11

To start CONSUME:

1. Begin at the DOS prompt. Be sure you are in the directory

that contains the CONSUME files

2. Type consume and press ENTER

The CONSUME title screen appears

3 Press any key

The Main Menu screen appears.

Exiting CONSUME

Because CONSUME saves all changes as you make them, you

do not need to save changes when you exit.

To exit CONSUME:

1 Press the ESC key.

Depending on where you are in the program, you may need

to press ESC several times.

Before you exit the program, it displays the message "Do

you wish to exit from CONSUME? (Y/N)"

2. Press y to exit CONSUME, or press n to continue.

You can also exit CONSUME by pressing CTRL-SHIFT-F1 from

any menu or data entry screen.

Getting Help

You can get help about any screen or field in CONSUME by

pressing SHIFT-F1. CONSUME displays a Help screen with

specific information about the screen or field that you are in. To

exit Help, press ESC.
12 CONSUME Users Guide

Some Help topics have several screens. You can move forward

from one screen to the next by pressing F4 or PG DM, or move

backward by pressing F3 or PG UP.

6/15/92 2:30 P

Page 1 of 1 HELP FOR THE

HOURS OF RAINFALL FIELD

FIELD WOTE: Hours of Rainfall

FORMAT: An Integer between the range of 0 to 24

DEFINITION: The hours of total rainfall within a 24-hour weather observation

period. If more than a trace of rain fell. a minimum of 1 hour

should be entered. If several hours of rainfall occured, enter

the cumulative total duration af all occurrences rounded to

the next highest full hour. If It was raining at the time of the

observation, enter the duration of rainfall up to that tine and

account for the rcmaindcr of the storm the following day IF THE

TOTAL DURATION OF THE STORM FOR BOTH DAYS EXCEEDS 1 HOUR . . This varlable Is used to estimate the adjusted 1000-hours fuel moisturc.

EXAMPLE: If rain fell for 5 hours during a 24-hour weathcr observation

period, enter 5.

ESC Exit from

HELP

Help screens like this one are available throughout CONSUME.

Using CONSUME Screens

You enter data and produce reports in CONSUME by using the

following screens:

• Use the Main Menu screen to choose the task you want to

perform.

• Use the data entry screens to enter weather and unit data

 into the CONSUME database

• Use the Reports Menu screen to choose a report to create
CONSUME Basics 13

Main Menu Screen

When you start CONSUME, you see the Main Menu screen.

You can choose an option from this screen to enter different

types of data or create reports.

CONSUME

MENU 001

6/12/92 3:02 P

MAIN MENU

Version 01.00

--> 1. Create/Modify/View/Delete Weathcr Zones

2. Create/Modify/View/Delete Units

3. Add/Modify/View Daily Weather

4. Produce/Print Reports

ENTEB CHOICE: 1

PRESS ESC to exit from CONSUME

PRESS SHIFT-F1 for HELP

The Main Menu screen appears when you start CONSUME.

You can move easily between CONSUME screens by choosing

menu options.

To choose an option from the Main Menu:

1. Type the number that corresponds to the option you want

Or use the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW keys to move the

arrow marker to the option you want.

2. Press ENTER.
14 CONSUME Users Guide

Data Entry Screens

Use the CONSUME data entry screens to enter data into the

CONSUME database. There are three screens: the Weather

Zone Entry screen (for entering initial weather data for a weather

zone), the Unit Entry screen (for entering unit data), and the

Daily Weather Entry screen (for entering daily weather data).

You display a data entry screen by choosing the appropriate

option from the Main Menu screen.

6/15/92 2:33 P

SCREEN 001 WEATHER ZONE ENTRY SCREEN

WEATHER ZONE: STARTING DATE:

INITIAL 1000-HR FUEL MOISTURE (%): LATITUDE ( o ):

MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE (oF): MINIMUM TEMPERATURE (oF):

MAXIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%): MINIMUM RELATIVE HUMIDITY (%):

DAYS SINCE SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL: HOURS OF RAINFALL:

TRANACTION MENU

Pick a transaction. (1. Create, 2. Modify, 3. View, 4. Delete)

F1 Save ESC Cancel CTRL-SHIFT-F2 main SHIFT-Fl HELP Record Entries Mcnu

Use the Weather Zone Entry screen to enter initial weather zone

data.
CONSUME Basics 15

|

Use the Daily Weather Entry screen to enter daily weather data.

As you can see, the three data entry screens are very similar.

You use the same techniques to choose options, move around

from one data field to another, and enter data.
16 CONSUME Users Guide

At the bottom of each data entry screen is a Transaction Menu.

When you first open a screen, the flashing cursor appears in the

box next to the Transaction Menu. You choose to create, delete,

modify, or view data by typing the number that corresponds to that

task and pressing ENTER. When you make your choice the cursor

moves to the first data field.

Choosing a

transaction

From the first data field, you select the weather zone or unit you

want to work with by:

• Typing the name of the zone or unit.

• Pressing F3 or PG up to scroll backward through an index of

names, or F4 or PG DN to scroll forward.

• Pressing sHirr-F2 to display the complete list of existing

names.

Selecting a

zone or unit

Use the Unit or Weather Zone Selection screens to find a unit or

weather zone record quickly.
CONSUME Basics 17

To select a zone or unit from a list of existing names:

1. Use the ARROW keys to move the highlight to the name you

want.

2. Press ENTER.

3. A check mark appears next to the name.

4. Press F1 to return to the data entry screen.

Moving The fields available to you in a data entry screen depend on the

around task you are doing.

• When you create a new zone, unit, or daily weather record,

you must enter data in all fields in the order presented

• When you modify an existing zone, unit, or daily weather

record, you can move to any of the fields and make changes

to data.

• When you delete or view a zone, unit, or daily weather

record, you can only specify the name of the record you

want to delete.

To move from one field to the next when you create or modify

data, press ENTER or DOWN ARROW. To move backward through

the fields, press UP ARROW.

To create a new record, type data in each empty field before

moving to the next one. If you type the data in a field incorrectly,

CONSUME prompts you with a message at the bottom of the

data entry screen.

Executing a Depending on the data entry screen you are using, you can

transaction execute a transaction (such as saving or deleting the record you

are working with) by pressing F1.
18 CONSUME Users Guide

You can use the following keys as you type data in the fields of a

data entry screen:

RIGHT ARROW Move one space to the right

LEFT ARROW Move one space to the left

HOME Move to the beginning of the field

END Delete characters to the end of the field

BACKSPACE Delete one character to the left of the cursor

DEL Delete one character at the cursor

You can clear the fields in a data entry screen without saving by

pressing ESC.

If you want to return to the Main Menu screen and select another

task, press ESC. Depending on the task you are doing, you may

need to press ESC more than once.

Note: For a complete list of keys and their functions in

CONSUME, see the Quick Reference section.

Typing data

Canceling

data

Returning to

the Main

Menu
CONSUME Basics 19

Reports Menu Screen

In the Reports Menu screen, you can choose one of several

types of reports to create. You display the Reports Menu screen

by choosing option 4 (Produce/Print Reports) from the Main

Menu screen.

Use the Reports Menu screen to choose a report type to create.

To choose an option from the Reports Menu:

1. Type the number that corresponds to the option you want.

Or use the UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW keys to move the

selection arrow to the option you want.

2. Press ENTER.

You will find detailed information about each type of report in

"Creating and Interpreting Reports."
20 CONSUME Users Guide

Backing Up and Restoring Database and Report Files

The information in the CONSUME database is stored in two

files, UNIT0100.BTR and WTHR0100.BTR. Reports are stored

in files with the extension .REP. To protect your data from

accidental deletion or disk failure, you should make regular

backup copies of all these files.

You can make backup copies in several ways. You can use the

DOS copy command to copy the files to floppy disks. There are

also many backup programs available that compress files so

they require less storage space. Whatever method you use, be

sure to back up your files regularly (whenever you make

significant changes to them).

If you need to restore the database (.BTR) files because a

database error occurred, simply replace the existing CONSUME

database files with the backup copies. See appendix B,

Troubleshooting," for more information.
21

Recording and Managing Data

To create the reports that will assist you in managing prescribed

burns, CONSUME requires .three types of data:

• Weather zone data describes the weather characteristics of

an area.

• Unit data describes the characteristics of a unit of land for

which you want a fuel consumption prediction.

• Daily weather data records the observed weather that

occurs in a weather zone. CONSUME requires you to enter

daily weather data for each day after the initial day of the

weather zone.

You use the data entry screens in CONSUME to create, modify,

delete, and view these three types of data.

You can also view weather and unit data by creating reports.

For more information, see "Creating and Interpreting Reports."

Recording Weather Zone Data

A weather zone is a geographic area in which weather data is

collected daily A weather zone should be located so that it

offers representative weather data for logged units that are to be

treated with prescribed fire.

For example, if a group of logged units is in a geographic area

represented by a single manual weather station or a remote

automatic weather station (RAWS), that area would be a suitable

weather zone.

You can use CONSUME to:

• Create new weather zones.

• Base new weather zones on existing zones.
22 CONSUME Users Guide

• Modify existing weather zones.

• View existing weather zones.

• Delete weather zones.

How Many Weather Zones?

Fuel consumption estimates rely heavily on estimates of large

woody fuel moisture. You can increase the accuracy of large

woody fuel moisture predictions by creating as many weather

zones as needed. This will ensure that the daily weather events

occurring in each unit will be represented as precisely as

possible. You should create a weather zone for each weather

station.

About Weather Zone Data

Weather zone data is based on a 24-hour observation period.

For example, the observation period could be from 1400 hours to

1400 hours the following day. Weather zone data includes the

following information:

Weather A unique name of 20 characters or less (including spaces). This

zone name name will appear in reports, and you will use it when you work

with units and daily weather. Assign a name to the weather

zone that is easy for you and others to remember and identify.

Starting date The date of the initial weather reading for the weather zone. The

date must be within the last twelve months. To enter a date, type

six digits in MMDDYY format. For example, to enter "March 5,

1992," you type 030592.

Caution: You must have valid, accurate weather data for the

starting date, and for every day thereafter. Because you cannot

change the starting date, be sure you can obtain reliable weather

data for that date and for all subsequent dates.
Recording and Managing Data 23

Initial 1000- The moisture content of cured, woody 1000-hour (3- to 9-inchhour fuel diameter) fuels on the weather zone's starting date. Fuel moisture

moisture is expressed as a percent of the ovendry weight of the fuels. The

value for initial 1000-hour fuel moisture must be an integer

between 1 and 99.

Note; Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is a crucial factor in

predicting large woody fuel consumption. To get accurate

results, the value you enter in the Initial 1000-hour fuel moisture

field must accurately reflect the actual fuel moisture of the large

woody fuels on the units in the weather zone.

You can determine initial 1000-hour fuel moisture in several

ways. The methods are listed below in order of accuracy:

Measure the fuel moisture by ovendrying 20 cross sections

of 1000-hour fuels collected from units in the weather zone.

This is the most accurate method.

Use the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture estimated by an

earlier prototype of CONSUME, or fuel moisture nomograms

(Ottmar and Sandberg, 1985). This method will be accurate

only if weather data has been continuously maintained.

Assume that fuel moisture will be 45 percent in April and

May, 35-40 percent in summer months, and 50 percent or

more in winter months. Use this method only if you cannot

use the methods above. .

CONSUME requires initial fuel moisture to determine adjusted

1000-hour fuel moisture.

Latitude A measurement of the distance of a site from the equator. Each

degree of latitude runs in an east-west direction parallel to the

equator. There are 180 degrees of latitude from pole to pole. All

weather zones in the northern hemisphere will have a latitude

between 0 °N and 90 °N, so the Latitude field must contain a

number between 0 and 90.
24 CONSUME Users Guide

CONSUME uses latitude to determine the length of the drying

day, which is one of the factors used to calculate adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture.

The highest and lowest air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit

(°F), during the 24-hour observation period for the starting date.

For example, if the temperature on the starting date ranged from

50 °F to 75 °F, you would enter 50 in the minimum temperature

field and 75 in the maximum temperature field.

The highest and lowest relative humidity, during the 24-hour

observation period for the starting date. For example, if the

reported relative humidity on the starting date ranged from 35 to

85 percent, you would enter 35 in the minimum relative humidity

field and 85 in the maximum relative humidity field.

CONSUME uses temperature and humidity data to determine

adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

The number of days since a significant amount of rain fell in a 48-

hour period. A significant amount of rainfall is one-half inch on

sites west of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada and one-quarter inch on

sites east of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada.

For example, suppose the starting date was Wednesday, July

14. If an inch of rain fell on the previous Saturday and Sunday

(July 10 and 11), with no rainfall since, you would enter 2 in the

Days since significant rainfall field.

CONSUME uses the data in this field to predict duff

consumption.

The hours of total rainfall in the 24-hour observation period of the

starting date.

If a trace of rain fell, enter 1. If rain fell for several hours, enter

the cumulative total duration of all occurrences, rounded up to

the next full hour.

Maximum

and minimum

temperature

Maximum

and minimum

relative

humidity

Days since

significant

rainfall

Hours of

rainfall
Recording and Managing Data 25

If it was raining at the time of the observation, enter the duration

of rainfall up to that time. Account for the remainder of the

rainfall in the first daily weather record (if the total duration of the

rainfall for both days exceeds 1 hour).

CONSUME uses the data in this field to estimate adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture.

Creating Weather Zones

To obtain accurate predictions, you should create as many

weather zones as your weather station network will allow.

To create a weather zone:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 1, and press ENTER.

The Weather Zone Entry screen appears.

2. Type 1 and press ENTER to select Create from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Weather zone field, type the name of the new

weather zone.

4. Press DOWN ARROW or ENTER to move to the next field.

5. Type data in each field of the Weather Zone Entry screen.

Use DOWN ARROW or ENTER to move from one field to the

next.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-M, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

When you finish entering data in all the fields, CONSUME

displays the prompt "Execute? (Y/N)."
26 CONSUME Users Guide

6. After you have checked all the data, type y and press ENTER

to create the new weather zone.

Or type n and press ENTER to edit any of the data you

entered.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Basing a New Zone on an Existing One

You can use an existing zone as the basis for a new one. This

allows you to create new zones for similar areas without creating

them all from scratch. To base a new zone on an existing zone,

you first display the data for the existing zone. Then you type a

new name and make any modifications to the data.

To base a new zone on an existing zone:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 1, and press ENTER.

The Weather Zone Entry screen appears.

2. Type 1 and press ENTER to select Create from the

Transaction Menu.

3. With the cursor in the Weather zone field, press SHIFT-F2 to

choose an existing zone from the list of weather zones.

Use the ARROW keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press F1 to return to the Weather Zone Entry

screen.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next zone,

or press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous

zone.

4. When you see the data for the zone you want to use as the

basis of a new zone, type a name for the new zone in the

Weather Zone field, and press ENTER.
Recording and Managing Data 27

5. Use ENTER or UP or DOWN ARROW to move between fields

and make any changes for the new zone.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-FI , or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

6. When you finish modifying data, press F1 to save the new

weather zone.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Modifying Weather Zones

If a weather zone contains incorrect data, you can make

changes to it.

Caution: You cannot change the name or starting date of a

zone. If you want a zone to have a different name or starting

date, you can delete the zone and create a new one. If you do

decide to delete a zone, all the daily weather data you have

entered for the zone will be lost. You can also create a new

zone based on initial day of the existing one.

To modify a weather zone:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 1, and press ENTER.

The Weather Zone Entry screen appears.

2 Type 2 and press ENTER to select Modify from the

Transaction Menu.

The cursor moves to the first data entry field, Weather

zone.

3. Type the name of an existing weather zone.
28 CONSUME Users Guide

Or press SHIFT-F2to choose from a list of weather zones.

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select the zone, and press n to return to the Weather Zone

Entry screen. To deselect a weather zone, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next zone,

or press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous

zone.

4. When the name of the zone you want to modify is entered

in the Weather zone field, press ENTER to make changes to

the data for the zone.

5. Use ENTER or UP or DOWN ARROW to move between fields

and make any changes.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-F1 , or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

6. When you finish modifying data, press FI to save the

changes to the weather zone.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Viewing Weather Zones

You can use the Weather Zone Entry screen to view the data in

any weather zone after they have been created. This gives you

a quick way to see weather zone data as you create, modify, or

delete zones.

H you want a printed or onscreen listing of the data for several

zones, you can create a Weather Information report. See

"Creating Reports" for more information.

To view a weather zone:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 1, and press ENTER.
Recording and Managing Data 29

The Weather Zone Entry screen appears.

2. Type 3 and press ENTER to select View from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Weather zone field, type the name of a weather zone

and press ENTER.

Or press SHIFT-F2to choose from a list of weather zones.

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press F1 to return to the Weather Zone Entry

screen. To deselect a zone, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next zone,

or press F3 or PG up to display the data for the previous

zone.

4. When you finish viewing weather zone data, press ESC to

return to the Transaction Menu.

Deleting Weather Zones

If you need to remove weather zones from the database, you

can do so from the Weather Zone Entry screen.

Caution: When you delete a weather zone, CONSUME also

deletes all the daily weather data for that zone.

To delete a weather zone:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 1, and press ENTER.

The Weather Zone Entry screen appears.

2. Type 4 and press ENTER to select Delete from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Weather zone field, type the name of an existing

weather zone.
30 CONSUME Users Guide

Or press SHIFT-F2 to choose from a list of weather zones.

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press F1 to return to the Weather Zone Entry

screen. To deselect a zone, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next zone,

or press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous

zone.

4. When the name of the zone you want to delete appears in

the Weather zone field, press ENTER.

CONSUME displays the message "Execute? (Y/N)"

5. Type y and press ENTER to delete the weather zone (and all

the daily weather records associated with it), or type n and

press ENTER to return to the Transaction Menu.

Recording Unit Data

You must record data for each unit you plan to treat with a

prescribed burn. Because weather data are an important factor

in determining the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture, you must

assign each unit to a zone that accurately represents the

weather in the unit.

You can use CONSUME to:

• Create new unit records.

• Base new unit records on existing records-

• Modify existing unit records.

• View existing unit records.

• Delete unit records.
Recording and Managing Data 31

About Unit Data

Each unit record includes the following data:

Unit name A unique name of 14 characters or less, including spaces This

name will appear in reports. If several units have the same timber

sale name, include the timber sale unit number in the unit name

For example, suppose there are several units in the Happy Creek

timber sale. If all the units will be treated with prescribed fire,

create unique names by combining the timber sale name with the

timber unit number: Happy Creek 01, Happy Creek 02, and so on.

Weather zone An existing weather zone, or a weather zone you will create later

If you want, you can specify a weather zone that is not recorded in

the CONSUME database. You can create some reports (such as

Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture reports)

without having any weather information. You also can enter

weather information into the database later on (for example, after

a RAWS weather station has been set up).

CONSUME uses weather zone data to determine the adjusted

1000-hour fuel moisture of the unit.

Acres to treat The number of acres in the unit that will be treated with prescribed

fire. For example, if 10 acres of a 35-acre unit will be treated,

enter 10.

CONSUME uses the number of acres treated to calculate total

consumption for all types of fuels.
32 CONSUME Users Guide

10-hour fuel

moisture

Target

adjusted

1000-hour

fuel moisture

The moisture content of 10-hour fuels (0.26- to 1 -inch-diameter

roundwood fuels). CONSUME expresses 10-hour fuel moisture as

a percentage of the ovendry weight of the fuels.

When you first enter unit data, you may want to use the 10-hour

fuel moisture listed in the prescribed burn plan. To obtain accurate

consumption values as the unit's ignition date approaches, you

must check this initial entry, and make modifications if necessary.

You can determine 10-hour fuel moisture from moisture samples,

moisture meters, or fuel sticks. It is recommended that 15

moisture samples or 15 moisture meter measurements be

collected vertically across the fuel bed to represent a unit average

10-hour fuel moisture. If you use fuel sticks, place the sticks in the

fuel bed and multiply the measurement by 1.4 to better represent a

unit average 10-hourfuel moisture.

CONSUME uses 10-hour fuel moisture as a factor in predicting

100-hour (1- to 3-inch-diameter) fuel consumption.

The adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture prescribed by the burn plan

to meet the specific resource objectives of the burn.

Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is an estimated fuel moisture

(derived from temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation

data) that represents the average unit fuel moisture of large woody

fuels in the Pacific Northwest more precisely than the National Fire

Danger Rating System. Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture predicts

the fuel moisture of Douglas-fir, hemlock, mixed conifers, and

lodgepole pine. It has not been evaluated for predicting fuel

moisture of long-needled pine.

CONSUME can produce a report showing the number of days the

unit requires to reach the target adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

This report is based on default weather data. You will find detailed

information about this report in "Creating and Interpreting Reports."
Recording and Managing Data 33

Wind

Ignition

Duff depth

The prescribed midflame wind speed, in miles per hour, during the

burn. The maximum wind speed is 35 miles per hour.

When you enter initial unit data, you may want to use the wind

speed value specified in the prescribed bum plan. To obtain

accurate consumption values as the unit's ignition date

approaches, you must check this initial entry and make

modifications if necessary.

CONSUME uses wind speed as a factor in predicting 100-hour (1-

to 3-inch-diameter) fuel consumption.

The amount of time, in minutes, that it will take to ignite the area to

be burned. For example, if it will take 3 hours to complete ignition

of the area, enter 180.

When you enter initial unit data, you may want to use the ignition

time value listed in the prescribed burn plan. To obtain accurate

consumption values as the unit's ignition date approaches, you

must check this initial entry and make modifications if necessary.

CONSUME uses ignition time to determine if the fire will be of high

intensity. The intensity of a fire affects the diameter reduction of

large woody fuels.

The average preburn depth of duff in the unit. Duff is the layer of

partially and fully decomposed organic materials lying below the

litter (freshly fallen leaves, needles, twigs, stems, bark, and fruit)

and immediately above the mineral soil.

Note: Litter is not considered part of the duff layer Litter loading

should be included in the 1 -hour fuel loading.

You can enter a duff depth to the nearest tenth of an inch between

0.0 and 9.9.

CONSUME uses duff depth to predict duff consumption.
34 CONSUME Users Guide

Slope

Snow-off

date

Harvest date

Subregion

The average vertical change (rise) in the unit's ground surface

over a given horizontal distance (run). Slope is expressed as a

percentage (%).

CONSUME uses slope to predict consumption of 100-hour fuels.

The month that snow melted from the unit. For example, if snow

melted from a unit on March 1, type 03. If snow melted from a unit

on May 31, type 05. If no snow accumulated on the unit, type 00.

CONSUME uses the snow-off date to determine the drying days

for large woody fuels.

The month and year that the timber on the unit was cut. If the

timber was cut over an extended period of time, enter the month

and year when 70 percent of the timber was cut.

Type dates as four-digit numbers in MMYY format. For

example, enter July 1990 as 0790. The harvest date must be

before today's date.

If the unit contains natural fuels, enter 9999.

CONSUME uses the harvest date to determine if large woody

fuels are cured.

The geographical subregion in which the unit is located. In

Oregon and Washington, the subregions lie west or east of the

Cascade Range. In California, the subregions lie west or east of

the Cascade Range or Sierra Nevada.

The codes for subregions are:

Subregion Code

Western Oregon WO

Eastern Oregon EO

Western Washington WW

Eastern Washington EW

Western California WC

Eastern California EC
Recording and Managing Data 35

Ownership The type of landowner for the unit.

The codes for landowners are:

Owner Code

Forest Service nothing (leave blank)

Other Federal agencies F

State agencies S

Private P

CONSUME uses the subregion and ownership to determine

default values for small and large woody fuel consumption.

Fuels The preburn loading of sound and rotten fuels in the unit. Use the

planar intersect method or a photo series to estimate fuel loadings.

Litter should be included in the 1-hour fuel loading.

Diameter_____Timelag____Maximum value

Inches Hours Tons/acre

0 0-0.25 1 25

0.26-1.0 10 25

1.1-3 100 50

3.1-9 1000 100

9.1-20 10000 150

20.1+ 10000P1 200

1

 Fuels 20.1 inches or more in diameter have a timelag greater

than 10,000 hours.
36 CONSUME Users Guide

Creating Unit Records

At the beginning of each burn season, you need to record unit

data for the units that will be treated with prescribed burns.

To create a unit record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 2, and press ENTER.

The Unit Entry screen appears.

2. Type 1 and press ENTER to select Create from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Unit field, type the name of the new unit.

4. Press DOWN ARROW or ENTER to move to the next field.

5. Type data in each field of the Unit Entry screen.

Use DOWN ARROW or ENTER to move from one field to the

next.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-FI, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

In the Weather Zone field, you can scroll through existing

weather zones by pressing F3 or PG UP and F4 or PG DN, or

view the entire list by pressing SHIFT-F2.

When you finish entering data in all the fields, CONSUME

displays the prompt "Execute? (Y/N)."

6. After you have checked all the data, type y and press ENTER

to create the new unit record.

Or type n and press ENTER to edit any of the data you

entered.
Recording and Managing Data 37

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Basing a New Unit Record on an Existing

One

You can use an existing unit record as the basis for a new one.

This allows you to create new records for similar areas without

creating them all from scratch. Once you have created the new

record, you can modify the data in it as needed.

To base a new unit record on an existing record, you first display

the data for the existing record. Then you type a new name and

make any modifications to the data.

To base a new unit record on an existing record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 2, and press ENTER.

The Unit Entry screen appears.

2. Type 1 and press ENTER to select Create from the

Transaction Menu.

3. With the cursor in the Unit field, press SHIFT-F2 to choose an

existing unit from a list of units. Use the arrow keys to

highlight a unit, press ENTER to select it, and press F-I to

return to the Unit Entry screen.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next unit, or

press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous unit.

4. When the data for the unit you want to use as the basis of a

new unit appears, type the name for the new unit in the Unit

field, and press ENTER.

5. Use ENTER or UP or DOWN ARROW to move between fields

and make any changes for the new unit.
38 CONSUME Users Guide

In the Weather zone field, you can scroll through a list of

existing weather zones by pressing F3 or PG UP and F4 or PG

DN, or view the entire list by pressing smn"-F2.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-FI, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

6. When you finish modifying data, press F1 to save the new

unit.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Modifying Unit Records

If a unit record contains incorrect or out-of-date data, you can

make changes to the record. You may have entered data from a

prescribed bum plan when you first created the unit record. As

the planned burn date approaches, you need to verify the

accuracy of these data and modify them as needed.

To modify a unit record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 2, and press ENTER.

The Unit Entry screen appears.

2. Type 2 and press ENTER to select Modify from the

Transaction Menu.

The cursor moves to the first data entry field. Unit.

3. Type the name of an existing unit.

Or press SHIFT-F2 to choose from a list of units. Use the

arrow keys to highlight a unit, press ENTER to select it, and

press F1 to return to the Unit Entry screen. To deselect a

unit, press ENTER.
Recording and Managing Data 39

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next unit, or

press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous unit.

4. When the name of the unit you want to modify is entered in

the Unit field, press ENTER to make changes to the data for

the unit.

5. Use ENTER or up or DOWN ARROW to move between fields

and make any changes.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-F1, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

6. When you finish modifying data, press F1 to save the

changes.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.

Viewing Unit Records

You can use the Unit Entry screen to view the data in any unit

record after it has been created. This gives you a quick way to

view unit data as you create, modify, or delete unit records.

If you want a printed or onscreen listing of the data for several

units, you can create a Unit Information report. See "Creating

Reports" for more information.

To view a unit record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 2, and press ENTER.

The Unit Entry screen appears.

2. Type 3 and press ENTER to select View from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Unit field, type the name of a unit and press ENTER.
40 CONSUME Users Guide

Or press SHIPT-F2 to choose from a list of units. Use the

arrow keys to highlight a unit, press ENTER to select it, and

press F1 to return to the Unit Entry screen. To deselect a

unit, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next unit, or

press F3 or PG up to display the data for the previous unit.

4. When you finish viewing unit data, press ESC to return to the

Transaction Menu.

Deleting Unit Records

After you conduct prescribed bums on units, you may want to

delete their unit records If you need to remove unit records that

already exist, you can do so from the Unit Entry screen.

To delete a unit record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 2, and press ENTER.

The Unit Entry screen appears.

2. Type 4 and press ENTER to select Delete from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Unit field, type the name of an existing unit.

Or press SHIFT-F2 to choose from a list of units. Use the

arrow keys to highlight a unit, press ENTER to select it, and

press F1 to return to the Unit Entry screen. To deselect a

unit, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG ON to view the data for the next unit, or

press F3 or PG UP to view the data for the previous unit.

4. When the name of the unit you want to delete appears in

the Unit field, press ENTER.

CONSUME displays the message "Execute? (Y/N)"
Recording and Managing Data 41

5. Type y and press ENTER to delete the unit record, or press n

and press ENTER to return to the Transaction Menu.

Recording Daily Weather Data

CONSUME uses weather data to calculate adjusted 1000-hour

fuel moisture. This fuel moisture value is then used to produce

fuel consumption estimates for units in the database. Once you

have created a weather zone and one or more unit records, you

can create a report of fuel consumption estimates for the starting

date in a weather zone. To get fuel consumption estimates for

days subsequent to the starting date, you must enter daily

weather data. If you have multiple weather zones, you need to

enter daily weather data for each zone.

To predict large woody fuel moisture accurately, CONSUME

requires an uninterrupted sequence of daily weather observation

This means you must create a daily weather record for each day

between the starting date for a weather zone and the last date

you want CONSUME to analyze. CONSUME does not allow

you to enter daily weather data in nonsequential order. For

instance, you cannot enter weather data for June 15 before you

enter data for June 14. If you miss a weather observation, use

the previous day's weather data, or estimate the data to the best

of your ability.

Note: Once you add a daily weather record, you can change it,

but you cannot delete it. The only way to remove weather

records is to delete the weather zone. This will also delete all

daily weather records for the weather zone.

You can use CONSUME to:

• Add daily weather records.

• Modify existing daily weather records.

• View existing daily weather records.
42 CONSUME User Guide

About Daily Weather Data

Each daily weather record includes the following data:

Weather zone The weather zone in which the daily weather readings were

collected.

If you want to use a weather zone that is not recorded in the

CONSUME data base, you must create the weather zone before

you can create a daily weather record for it.

Date

Maximum and

minimum

temperature

The date on which the daily weather readings were collected. You

must create new records in date order. When you create a new

record, CONSUME automatically enters the date after the last

daily weather record. To modify or view existing weather data,

you must enter a date that matches an existing daily weather

record.

For example, if the last daily weather entry for a weather zone

was July 15, 1990, CONSUME enters 071690 (July 16, 1990) as

the date for the next daily weather entry. You must enter

weather data for this date before moving on to the next date.

Weather zone data is based on a 24-hour observation period.

For example, the observation period could be from 1400 hours

to 1400 hours the following day.

Note; CONSUME will accept only 366 daily weather records for

a weather zone. Once 366 records have been entered, each

additional record that you add causes the oldest record to be

deleted.

The highest and lowest air temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit

(°F), during the 24-hour observation period for the date in the Date

field. For example, if the temperature on the starting date ranged

from 50 to 75 °F, you would enter 50 in the minimum temperature

field and 75 in the maximum temperature field.
Recording and Managing Data 43

Maximum and The highest and lowest relative humidity during the 24-hour

minimum observation period for the date in the Date field. For example, if

relative the reported relative humidity on the starting date ranged from 35

humidity to 85 percent, you would enter 35 in the minimum relative humidity

field and 85 in the maximum relative humidity field.

CONSUME uses temperature and humidity data to determine

adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

Rainfall The hours of total rainfall in the 24-hour observation period of the

duration date in the Date field.

If more than a trace of rain fell, enter 1. If rain fell for several

hours, enter the cumulative total of all occurrences, rounded up

to the next whole hour.

If it was raining at the time of the observation, enter the duration

of rainfall up to that time. Account for the remainder of the

rainfall the next day (if the total duration of the rainfall for both

days exceeds 1 hour).

CONSUME uses the data in this field to estimate adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture.

Significant The number of days since a significant amount of rain fell in a 48-

rainfall hour period. A significant amount of rainfall is one-half inch on

sites west of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada and one-quarter inch on

sites east of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada. These amounts are

necessary to saturate the duff layer.

For example, suppose the date in the Date field was

Wednesday, July 14. If an inch of rain fell on the previous

Saturday and Sunday (July 10 and 11), with no rainfall since,

you would enter 2 in the Significant rainfall field.

CONSUME uses the data in this field to predict duff

consumption.
44 CONSUME User Guide

Adding Daily Weather Records

Because CONSUME requires continuous weather data to predict

large woody fuel moisture, you must add daily weather records

for each day between the weather zone's start date and the last

date you want CONSUME to analyze.

As a result, CONSUME allows you to add a new daily record

only for the day immediately following the last record in a zone.

To add a daily weather record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 3, and press ENTER.

The Daily Weather Entry screen appears.

2. Type 1 and press ENTER to select Add from the Transaction

Menu.

The cursor moves to the Weather zone field.

3. Type the name of an existing weather zone.

Or press SHIFT-F2to choose from a list of weather zones.

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press F1 to return to the Daily Weather Entry

screen. To deselect a unit, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the next zone name in the

Weather zone field, or press F3 or PG UP to display the

previous zone name.

CONSUME displays the weather information for the most

recent daily weather record. In the Date field, CONSUME

displays the date after the date of the most recent daily

weather record. For example, if the most recent daily

weather record was for July 4,1992, CONSUME displays

the information from July 4, and displays July 5,1992 in the

Date field.
Recording and Managing Data 45

4. Type or modify the data in each field of the Daily Weather

Entry screen.

Use DOWN ARROW or ENTER to move from one field to the

next.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-FI, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

5. When the data are correct, press F1.

CONSUME saves the record, and displays the next date in

the Date field.

When you finish entering records, press ESC to return to the

Transaction Menu.

Modifying Daily Weather Records

If daily weather data need to be corrected, you can modify any of

the daily weather records you have added.

You can view or print a listing of all the daily weather data in the

CONSUME database from the Reports Menu. For more

information, see "Creating and Interpreting Reports."

To modify a daily weather record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 3, and press ENTER.

The Daily Weather Entry screen appears.

2. Type 2 and press ENTER to select Modify from the

Transaction Menu.

The cursor moves to the first data entry field, Weather

zone.

3. Type the name of an existing weather zone
46 CONSUME Users Guide

Or press smnr-F2to choose from a list of weather zones

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press F1 to return to the Daily Weather Entry

screen. To deselect a zone, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the next zone name in the

Weather zone field, or press F3 or PG UP to display the

previous zone name.

4. When the name of the zone for the daily weather record

you want to modify is entered in the Weather zone field,

press ENTER to move to the Date field

5. Type the date for the record you want to modify.

Or press SHIFT-F2to choose from a list of dates. Use the

arrow keys to highlight a date, press ENTER to select it, and

press F1 to return to the Daily Weather Entry screen. To

deselect a date, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the next date in the Weather

zone field, or press F3 or PG UP to display the previous date.

6. Press ENTER to move to the Maximum temperature field.

7. Use ENTER or UP or DOWN ARROW to move between fields

and make changes.

Because daily weather records must be in continuous

chronological order, you cannot change the Date field in an

existing daily weather record.

A prompt at the bottom of the screen explains the contents

of each field. For more information, press SHIFT-FI, or see

the descriptions at the beginning of this section.

8. When you finish modifying data, press FI to save the

changes to the daily weather record.

Or press ESC to clear all the fields in the screen and return

to the Transaction Menu.
Recording and Managing Data 47

If you save the record, the cursor returns to the Weather

zone field. You can select a weather zone and modify

another daily weather record, or press ESC to return to the

Transaction Menu.

Viewing Daily Weather Records

You can use the Daily Weather Entry screen to view the daily

weather data for any zone. For a complete listing of weather

data, create a Weather Information report from the Reports

Menu. For more information, see "Creating Reports "

To view a daily weather record:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 3, and press ENTER.

The Daily Weather Entry screen appears.

2. Type 3 and press ENTER to select View from the

Transaction Menu.

3. In the Weather Zone field, type the name of a weather

zone.

Or press SHIFT-F2to choose from a list of weather zones

Use the arrow keys to highlight a zone, press ENTER to

select it, and press n to return to the Daily Weather Entry

screen. To deselect a zone, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the next weather zone name

in the Weather Zone field, or press FS or PG UP to display

the previous weather zone name.

4. When the name of the weather zone record you want to

modify appears in the Weather Zone field, press ENTER to

move to the Date field.

5. Type the date for the record you want to view, and press

ENTER.
48 CONSUME User Guide

Or press SHIFTS to choose from a list of dates. Use the

arrow keys to highlight a date, press ENTER to select it, and

press P1 to return to the Daily Weather Entry screen. To

deselect a date, press ENTER.

Or press F4 or PG DN to display the data for the next date, or

press F3 or PG UP to display the data for the previous date.

6. When you finish viewing daily weather data, press ESC to

return to the Transaction Menu.
49

Creating and Interpreting

Reports

Once you have entered weather zone, unit, and daily weather

data, you can create several types of reports to predict

consumption and summarize the contents of the database.

About Reports

The following reports are available:

• A Fuel Consumption by Date report estimates fuel

consumption in one or more units on each date in a range

of dates that you specify.

• A Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture report estimates fuel consumption in one or more

units at each value of fuel moisture in a range of values that

you specify.

• ATarget Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture report

predicts whether, and on what date, the target fuel moisture

for one or more units will be attained within 2 weeks of the

last daily weather record.

• A Weather Information report summarizes weather zone

and daily weather data that has been entered into

CONSUME.

• A Unit Information report summarizes unit data that have

been entered into CONSUME.
50 CONSUME Users Guide

Creating Reports

You create a report by using a report options screen.

Use report options screens like this one to set options for a

report. Press F1 to create the report.

Use the following steps to create any CONSUME report.

To create a report:

1. If you are starting in the CONSUME Main Menu, use the

arrow keys or keyboard to select option 4, and press ENTER.

CONSUME displays the Reports Menu screen.

2. Type the number of the report type you want to create and

press ENTER.

CONSUME displays a report options screen for the report

you are creating.

3. Set the options for the report you are creating.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 51

Use ENTER or the arrow keys to move between fields.

See the next several sections for more information about

the options for each report.

4 In the Report name field, type a name for the report, or

leave the default report name that appears in the field.

5. If a report with the same name exists, CONSUME displays

the message "Overwrite? (Y/N)." You can type y and press

ENTER to overwrite the existing report, or type n and press

ENTER to return to the Report name field and type a different

name.

If there is no existing report with the same name, or if you

type y in response to the "Overwrite?" prompt, CONSUME

displays the message "Execute? (Y/N)."

If you are sending the report to your printer, be sure your

printer is set up and on line.

6. Type y and press ENTER to create the report by using the

options you have set.

Or type n and press ENTER to return to the first field in the

report options screen and make any changes.

Or press ESC to return to the Reports Menu screen.

Options for All Reports

Selecting You can create a report that includes all the units or weather

Units or zones in the CONSUME database by typing y in the Ail units?

Weather or All weather zones? field. To include only some of the units or

Zones weather zones, type n in the All units? or All weather zones?

field or press SHIFT-F2. CONSUME displays a list from which

you can select the units or weather zones you want.
52 CONSUME Users Guide

Select the units to include in a report from this list. You use a

similar list to select weather zones for a Weather Information

report.

You select or deselect a unit or weather zone in the list by

moving the highlight to the unit or zone and pressing ENTER.

Units or zones that are selected have a check mark next to

them.

Move the highlight up and down the list using the arrow keys or

F3 or PG up and F4 or PG DN.

To select all units or zones, press * (SHIFT- 8).

When you have selected the units or weather zones you want,

press F1 to save your selections and return to the report options

screen. Or press ESC to return to the report options screen

without saving any selections.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 53

Creating a

Formatted or

Unformatted

Report

Displaying or

Printing a

Report

CONSUME will save your selections until you exit the Report

Menu. This allows you to create several reports by using the

same set of weather zones or units. If you want to change your

selections, move the cursor to the All units? or All weather

zones? field and press SHIFTS to view the list and make

changes.

Depending on the way you-want to use CONSUME information,

you can choose to create a report that is formatted or

unformatted. You choose whether or not a report has formatting

by typing y or n in the Formatted report? field in the report

options screen.

• Formatted reports include descriptive headings and page

numbers. Create a formatted report if you want to print the

report, view it on screen in CONSUME, or use the report in a

word processing program.

• Unformatted reports do not have headings and page

numbers. Create an unformatted report if you want to use

the report information in a spreadsheet or database

program.

You can display a CONSUME report onscreen, send it to your

printer, or display and print it at the same time.

After a report has been created, you also can view, modify, or print

the report in another program For more information, see "Using

CONSUME Reports in Other Programs."

• You can view the report on screen inside CONSUME by

typing y in the Display on screen field in the report options

screen.

• You can print the report from CONSUME by typing y in the

Send to printer field in the report options screen.
54 CONSUME Users Guide

Naming a You give a report a name by typing it in the Report name field.

Report Report names can be up to eight alphanumeric characters long.

No spaces, commas, backslashes, or periods may be used.

CONSUME automatically adds a .REP extension to the name you

type. You can open the report tile in any program that can read

ASCII files.

If a report with the name you type already exists, CONSUME

asks you if you want to overwrite the existing report. Type y and

press ENTER to overwrite the report (all the information in the old

report will be lost). Type n and press ENTER if you want to return

to the Report name field and type a different name.

CONSUME suggests a name for each type of report. These

default names are:

Report Default Name

Fuel Consumption by Date

Fuel Consumption by

Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

Weather Information

Unit Information

DATE.REP

ADJTH.REP

TARGET.REP

WEATHER.REP

UNIT.REP

Fuel Consumption by Date Report Options

Beginning and In the Fuel Consumption by Date report options screen, you need

ending dates to specify a range of dates in the Beginning date and Ending date

fields, by using MMDDYY format. For example, if you want

CONSUME to predict consumption for the dates July 18,1992,

through August 1,1992, you would type 071892 in the Beginning

date field and 080192 in the Ending date field.

The other options for Fuel Consumption by Date reports are

described in the section "Options for All Reports."

For more information about Fuel Consumption by Date reports,

see "Interpreting Reports."
Creating and Interpreting Reports 55

Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-hour

Fuel Moisture Report Options

You must set the following options for a Fuel Consumption by

Adjusted 1000-hour Fuel Moisture report.

Lowest/ In the Lowest fuel moisture and Highest fuel moisture fields, type

highest fuel the range of adjusted 1000-hour fuel moistures you want to

moisture evaluate. For example, if you want to find out what consumption

would be at adjusted 1000-hour fuel moistures from 25 to 35

percent, type 25 in the Lowest fuel moisture field and 35 in the

Highest fuel moisture field.

Fuel moisture In the Fuel moisture increment field, specify the size of the

increment incremental steps in the range of adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moistures that will appear in the report. For example, if you want

to examine fuel consumption estimates at adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moistures of 25, 30, and 35 percent, type 5. To examine fuel

consumption estimates at adjusted 1000-hour fuel moistures of

25, 26, and 27 percent, type 1.

Use weather In the Use weather data? field, type y to have CONSUME use

data? daily weather data to calculate the days since significant rainfall.

Type n to have CONSUME use the default days since significant

rainfall that you specify in the Default days since significant rainfall

field.

Default days In the Default days since significant rainfall field, type the number

since of days since significant rainfall that CONSUME should use if

significant daily weather is not available, or you do not want CONSUME to

rainfall use daily weather. If all the units in the report will be based on

daily weather data, you must still type a number in the Default

days since significant rainfall field. A default must be entered in

this field. This ensures that the report can be generated for all

selected units, even if there is incomplete weather data for the

specified current day. CONSUME uses days since significant

rainfall to predict duff consumption.
56 CONSUME Users Guide

The other options for Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour

Fuel Moisture reports are described in the section "Options for

All Reports."

For more information about Fuel Consumption by Adjusted

1000-Hour Fuel Moisture reports, see "Interpreting Reports."

Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

Report Options

All the options for Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

reports are described in the section "Options for All Reports."

For more information about Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture reports, see "Interpreting Reports."

Weather and Unit Information Report

Options

All the options for Weather Information and Unit Information

reports are described in the section "Options for All Reports."

For more information about Weather and Unit Information

reports, see "Interpreting Reports."

Printer Setup

CONSUME can print reports on any printer that is compatible

with your computer and has a standard output device mode

(sometimes called line printer mode). Most printers are in this

mode when they are turned on. See your printer documentation

for more information.

When CONSUME starts, it connects the DOS print driver to the

system parallel port (LPT1). If your printer is connected to a

different port, use the DOS print command to connect the DOS

print driver to that port before you start CONSUME.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 57

To connect the DOS print driver to a port other than LPT1:

1. At the DOS prompt, type print and press ENTER.

DOS displays the prompt Name of list device [PRN]

2. Type the name of the port you want to connect to.

For example, if your printer is attached to COM1, type

com1

3. Press ENTER.

Be sure your printer is set up and online before you print a

report.
58 CONSUME Users Guide

Using CONSUME Reports in Other

Programs

All CONSUME report tiles are in ASCII (text only) format. You

can open and work with CONSUME reports in many other

programs (including most word processors, spreadsheets, and

database management programs).

You might want to use CONSUME reports in other programs for

several reasons:

• Word processors: Include report information in a paper,

management report, or other document. Change fonts,

styles, and paragraph formats to make the information

attractive and easy to read.

• Spreadsheets: Combine CONSUME consumption

predictions with other data to calculate smoke emission.

Create charts that show CONSUME report information

graphically. Do statistical analyses of weather, fuel loadings,

consumption, or any other report information.

• Database management programs: Retrieve any information

in CONSUME by using database querying and reporting

tools. Maintain a comprehensive database of all

management data by combining CONSUME report

information with information in other databases.

To use CONSUME data with a word processing program, create

a formatted report. To use CONSUME data with a spreadsheet

or database management program, create an unformatted

report.

You choose whether or not a report has formatting by typing y or

n in the Formatted report? field in the report options screen.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 59

Interpreting Reports

This section explains the contents of each type of CONSUME

report. For more information about the calculations CONSUME

uses for reports, see appendix C, "Scientific Background."

Viewing Reports

If you typed y in the Display on screen field when you created a

report, CONSUME displays ft on your computer's screen. Use

the following keys to move through the report:

DOWN ARROW Scroll one line down

UP ARROW Scroll one line up

F4/PG DN Scroll one page down

F3/PG UP Scroll one page up

HOME Go to the top of the report

END Go to the bottom of the report

ESC Exit the report

Interpreting Fuel Consumption by Date

Reports

A Fuel Consumption by Date report estimates consumption for

one or more units over a specified period.

You create this report to determine the best dates for treating

units with prescribed burns, to see what values CONSUME is

using to predict consumption, and to compare consumption for

several units on the same date.

Use Fuel Consumption by Date reports for these time periods:

• Previous dates to calculate consumption for units that were

burned on previous days.

• Current date to determine whether a unit has reached a

point where it can successfully meet management objectives

when ft is burned.
60 CONSUME Users Guide

Unit

A Fuel Consumption by Date report shows consumption of each

fuel category for a range of dates you specify.

The following information appears in a Fuel Consumption by

Date report:

The names of the units you are evaluating.

Adj/Unc Th Hr The 1000-hour fuel moisture used to estimate consumption (as a

FM (%) percentage). If the fuels were cured, the adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture was applied. If the fuels were uncured, the uncured

1000-hour fuel moisture was applied.

If XXXX appears in the Adj/Unc Th Hr FM field, the fuel moisture

was greater than 99.9 percent. The actual number is recorded in

the CONSUME database and will appear in an unformatted report.

Unit Size (Ac) The number of acres in the unit to be treated.

Diam Red (In) The number of inches of diameter reduction in large (3- to 20+

inch-diameter [1000-hour, 10000-hour, and "10000P-hour]) woody

fuels. CONSUME uses diameter reduction to calculate large

woody fuel consumption.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 61

Duff Red (In) The number of inches of duff reduction. CONSUME uses duff

 reduction to calculate duff consumption.

Fuel Consumption of fuels in the unit in each timelag category in tons

Consumption per acre, consumption of duff in the unit in tons per acre, and total

 fuels consumed in the unit in tons.

Msgs Message codes might appear in the far right column of the report.

CONSUME can display the following messages in a Fuel

Consumption by Date report:

D HARVEST DATE falls after this date

The date is earlier than the harvest date.

H HIGH INTENSITY FIRE conditions predicted

CONSUME includes a set of equations to compensate for the

lower consumption of large woody fuels that results from highintensity fires. See appendix C for more information.

S SPRING-LIKE burning conditions predicted

CONSUME uses a different large woody fuel diameter reduction

equation when springlike burning conditions are predicted. See

appendix C for more information.

U UNCURED fuels predicted; uncured 1000-hour FM used

CONSUME uses a different fuel moisture value when fuels are

uncured. See appendix C for more information.

W NO WEATHER DATA is available for this date; cannot

estimate consumption

If you want to estimate consumption for a date with this

message next to it, you need to go to the Daily Weather Entry

screen and create a daily weather record for this date (and for all

preceding dates not having daily weather records).
62 CONSUME Users Guide

Interpreting Fuel Consumption by Adjusted

1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Reports

A Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

report predicts fuel consumption for a range of 1000-hour fuel

moistures. CONSUME assumes that all fuels are cured. You

can specify weather data for this report in two ways:

• You can use the daily weather data in the database.

• You can specify a Default Days Since Rainfall value when

you create the report. Use this option if daily weather are

not available, or if you do not want to use daily weather data.

For more information, see "Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-

Hour Fuel Moisture Options."

Create a Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture report to help determine when a prescribed bum will

meet smoke management site objectives.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 63

A Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

report shows consumption of each fuel size class for a range of

fuel moistures you specify.

The following information is included in a Fuel Consumption by

Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture report:

Unit The names of the units you are evaluating.

Unit Size (Ac) The number of acres in the unit to be treated.

Diam Red (In) The predicted inches of diameter reduction in large (3- to 20+ inchdiameter [1000-hour, 10000-hour, and lOOOOP-hour]) woody fuels.

CONSUME uses diameter reduction to calculate large woody fuel

consumption.

Duff Red (In) The predicted inches of duff reduction. CONSUME uses duff

reduction to calculate duff consumption.

Fuel Consumption of fuels in the unit in each timelag category in tons

Consumption per acre, consumption of duff in the unit in tons per acre, and total

fuels consumed in the unit in tons.
64 CONSUME Users Guide

Msgs Message codes might appear in the far right column of the report.

CONSUME can display the following messages in a Fuel

Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture report:

H HIGH INTENSITY FIRE conditions predicted

CONSUME includes a set of equations to compensate for the

lower consumption of large woody fuels that results from highintensity fires. See appendix C for more information.

R DAYS SINCE SIGNIFICANT RAINFALL specified by user

The user, not CONSUME, provided the default number of days

since significant rainfall when the report was created.

S SPRING-LIKE burning conditions predicted

CONSUME uses a different large woody fuel diameter reduction

equation when spring like burning conditions are predicted. See

appendix C for more information.

Interpreting Target Adjusted 1000-Hour

Fuel Moisture Reports

The record for each unit includes a target adjusted 1000-hour

fuel moisture derived from a bum plan. Adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture is a crucial factor in calculating consumption To find if

and when the unit will reach this target fuel moisture based on

daily weather data, you can create a Target Adjusted 1000-Hour

Fuel Moisture report.

A Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Report predicts

whether, and on what date, the target fuel moisture for one or

more units will be attained within 2 weeks of the last daily

weather record.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 65

To determine weather for these 2 weeks, CONSUME uses the

following default values:

Temp (°F)

Humidity (percent)

Western

WA/OR/CA

Max. Min.

80 40

100 50

Eastern

WA/OR/CA

Max. Min.

90 50

75 25

CONSUME assumes no rainfall duration for the 2 weeks. These

default values cannot be changed.

A Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture report shows when

each unit will attain Us target adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.
66 CONSUME Users Guide

The following information is included in a Target Adjusted 1000-

Hour Fuel Moisture report:

Unit The names of the units you are evaluating.

Attainment The date when the target adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture will be

Date attained. If there is no date in this column, see the Status column.

Target The target fuel moisture entered into the unit record. This number

Adjusted is derived from prescribed burn plan information, and represents a

1000-Hour level of consumption that will enable the prescribed burn to meet

Fuel Moisture management objectives.

Status If the unit will not attain the target fuel moisture within 2 weeks of

the last date with daily weather data, CONSUME displays one of

the following messages:

TARGET FM ALREADY A TTAINED

The unit has already attained the target fuel moisture on the last

date with daily weather data.

TARGET FM NOT REACHED W/IN TWO WEEKS

The unit will not reach the target fuel moisture within 2 weeks of

the last date with daily weather data.

NO WEATHER DATA AVAILABLE

The unit does not have a weather zone associated with it.

Interpreting Weather Information Reports

A Weather Information report shows weather data that has been

entered into the CONSUME database for one or more weather

zones. For each weather zone, the report shows the initial

weather zone data and each daily weather record. The report

also calculates adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture for each date.
Creating and Interpreting Reports 67

A Weather Information report summarizes weather zone and

daily weather data in the CONSUME database.

The following information is included in a Weather Information

report:

Weather For each weather zone included in the report, the Weather

zone data Information report shows all the weather zone data that has

been entered in the Weather Zone Entry screen.

For more information about each type of data, see "Recording

Weather Zone Data."

Daily weather For each weather zone included in the report, the Weather

data Information report shows all the daily weather data that has been

entered in the Daily Weather Entry screen.

For more information about each type of data, see "Recording

Daily Weather Data."
68 CONSUME Users Guide

CONSUME calculates adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture for each

date that has daily weather data. Adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture is a critical factor in predicting consumption of large

woody fuels.

Interpreting Unit Information Reports

A Unit Information report shows data that has been entered into

the CONSUME database for one or more units.

Adjusted

1000-hour

FM(%)

A Unit Information report summarizes unit data in the

CONSUME database.

The following information is included in a Unit Information report:

For each unit included in the report, the Unit Information report

shows all the unit data entered in the Unit Entry screen.

For more information about each type of data, see "Recording

Unit Data."

Unit data
69

Quick Reference

Use this section to find quick information about each screen and

key that you can use in CONSUME.

CONSUME Screens

Detailed information about each screen appears in the

appropriate section of this Users Guide.

Menu Screens

Main Menu: Appears when you start CONSUME. Use this

screen to choose ah option to enter weather or unit data or

create a report.

Reports Menu: Appears when you choose option 4 from the

Main Menu screen. Use this screen to choose an option to

create a report.

Data Entry Screens

Weather Zone Entry: Appears when you choose option 1 from

the Main Menu screen. Use this screen to create, modify, view,

or delete weather zone data.

Unit Entry: Appears when you choose option 2 from the Main

Menu screen. Use this screen to create, modify, view, or delete

unit data.

Daily Weather Entry: Appears when you choose option 3 from

the Main Menu screen. Use this screen to add, modify, or view

daily weather data.
70 CONSUME Users Guide

Report Option Screens

Fuel Consumption by Date Report: Appears when you choose

option 1 from the Reports Menu screen. Use this screen to

select options for creating a report that shows fuel consumption

for a range of dates.

Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

Report: Appears when you choose option 2 from the Reports

Menu screen. Use this screen to select options for creating a

report that shows fuel consumption for a range of adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moistures.

Target Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture Report: Appears

when you choose option 3 from the Reports Menu screen. Use

this screen to select options for creating a report that shows if

and when adjusted 1000-hour target fuel moistures will be

attained.

Weather Information Report: Appears when you choose

option 4 from the Reports Menu screen. Use this screen to

select options for creating a report that shows the weather data

in the CONSUME database.

Unit Information Report: Appears when you choose option 5

from the Reports Menu screen. Use this screen to select

options for creating a report that shows the unit data in the

CONSUME database.

Selection Screens

Unit Selection: Appears when you press SHIFT-F2 while you are

in a Unit field in a data entry screen, or in the All Units? field in a

report options screen. Use the screen to choose units for data

entry or reports.

Weather Zone Selection: Appears when you press SHIFT-F2

while you are in a Weather Zone field in a data entry screen, or

in the All Weather Zones? field in the Weather Information

Report options screen. Use the screen to choose weather zones

for data entry or reports.
Quick Reference 71

Date Selection: Appears when you press smn"-F2 while you are

in a Date field in the Daily Weather Entry screen. Use the

screen to choose a date for modifying or viewing a daily weather

record.

Keyboard

General Keys

These keys are available throughout CONSUME.

SHIFT-F1 View help for the current screen or field.

CTRL-SHIFT-F-1 Exit CONSUME immediately.

CTRL-SHIFT-F2 Return to the Main Menu.

Data Entry Keys

Use these keys in the fields of CONSUME data entry screens.

UP ARROW Move to the previous field.

DOWN ARROW Move to the next field.

ENTER Move to the next field.

RIGHT ARROW Move the cursor one space to the right.

LEFT ARROW Move the cursor one space to the left.

HOME Move the cursor to the beginning of the

field.

END Delete from the cursor to the end of the

field.

F1 Execute the current command

(Create/Add, Modify, View, or Delete)
72 CONSUME User Guide

SHIFTS View a list for a Unit, Weather Zone, or

Date field.

F3 or PG UP Scroll backward through available units,

weather zones, or dates.

F4 or PG DN Scroll forward through available units,

weather zones, or dates.

BACKSPACE Delete the character to the left of the

cursor.

ESC Cancel changes and return to the

Transaction Menu.

Menu Keys

Use these keys in the Main Menu and Reports Menu screens:

UP ARROW Move the selection arrow up.

DOWN ARROW Move the selection arrow down.

HOME Move the selection arrow to the first

menu item.

END Move the selection arrow to the last

menu item.

1-5 Move to menu item with the

corresponding number.

ENTER Go to the screen for the option you

selected.

ESC Return to the previous menu, or exit

CONSUME.
Quick Reference 73

Report Keys

Use the following keys to view reports on screen in CONSUME.

UP/DOWN ARROW Scroll through the report one line at a

time.

 F4/PG DN View the next page of the report.

F3/PG UP View the previous page of the report.

HOME View the first page of the report.

END View the last page of the report.

ESC Leave the report and return to the

previous screen.

Zone and Unit Selection Keys

Use these keys to select zones and units to include in reports

from the Weather Zone, Unit, and Date Selection screens.

ENTER Select or deselect the highlighted item.

* (asterisk) Select or deselect all the items in the

list.

UP/DOWN ARROW Scroll through the list one item at a

time.

F3/F4 Page through the list one screen at a

time.

FI Accept the currently selected items.

ESC Cancel the index screen without

accepting selections.

75

References

The following works are referred to in appendix C, "Scientific

Background."

Cooper, Kathy Lois. 1985. The occurrence of a dry lower duff

layer in western Washington and Oregon. Seattle, WA:

University of Washington. 120 p. M.S. thesis.

Deeming, John E.; Burgan, Robert E.; Cohen, Jack D. 1977.

The national fire-danger rating system—1978. Gen. Tech.

Rep. INT-39. Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment

Station. 63 p.

Hall, Janet. 1991. Comparison of fuel consumption between

high and moderate intensity fires in logging slash. Northwest

Science. 64(4): 158-165.

Howard, James 0.1981. Logging residue in the Pacific

Northwest: characteristics affecting utilization. Res. Pap.

PNW-289. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 41 p.

Ottmar, Roger D.; Hall, Janet N.; Vihnanek, Robert E. 1990.

Improved prediction of fuel consumption during spring-like

prescribed bums. Unpublished final report; ODIN Corporation

contract PNW-89-617. 56 p. On file with: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research

Station, Fire and Environmental Research Applications, 4043

Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105. 56 p.

Ottmar, Roger D.; Little, Susan N.; Ohmann, Janet. 1985.

Predicting duff reduction to reduce smoke from clear cut

slash burns in western Washington and western Oregon. In:

Proceedings of the 8th conference on fire and forest

meteorology; 1985 April 29-May 2; Detroit Ml. Bethesda, MD:

Society of American Foresters: 139-144.
76 CONSUME Users Guide

Ottmar, Roger D.; Sandberg, David V. 1985. Calculating

moisture content of 1000-hour timelag fuels in western

Washington and western Oregon. Res. Pap. PNW-336.

Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 16 p.

Peterson, Janice L.; Ottmar, Roger D. 1991. Computer

applications for prescribed fire and air quality management in

the Pacific Northwest. In: Andrews, Patricia L.; Potts, Donald

F., eds., Proceedings of the 11th Conference on Fire and

Forest Meteorology; 1991 April 16-19; Missoula, MT.

Bethesda, MD: Society of American Foresters: 455-459.

Rothermel, Richard C. 1972. A mathematical model for

predicting fire spread in wildland fuels. Res. Pap. INT-115.

Ogden, UT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service,

Intermountain Forest and Range Experiment Station. 40 p.

Sandberg, D.V.; Ottmar, R.D. 1983. Slash burning and fuel

consumption in the Douglas-fir subregion. In: Proceedings,

7th AMS/SAF Conference on Fire and Forest Meteorology.

1983 April 25-29; Fort Collins, CO. Boston, MA: American

Meteorological Society.
77

Appendix A: Tips and Cautions

Setting up your database: When you install CONSUME, the

database contains sample data. When you are ready to start

using CONSUME to enter your own data, you may want to

delete this unit and weather zone data.

Using on-line help: Use CONSUME's on-line help screens to

find information about screens and fields quickly. Press SHIFT-F1

to view a help screen for your current location.

Deleting weather zones: When you delete a weather zone

record, you also delete all the daily weather records associated

with that weather zone.

Initial 1000-hour fuel moisture: Adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture is a crucial factor in predicting large woody fuel

consumption. To get accurate adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture,

the value you enter in the Initial 1000-hour fuel moisture field for

a weather zone must accurately reflect the actual fuel moisture

of the large woody fuels on the units in the weather zone.

Scroll through data in entry screens: In any of the

CONSUME data entry screens, you can scroll through records

quickly by pressing F4 or PG DN and F3 or PG UP while you are in

a Unit, Weather Zone, or Dare field.

XXXX placeholders in reports: When the adjusted 1000-hour

fuel moisture is greater than 99.9 percent, CONSUME displays

"XXXX" in reports. The database and all CONSUME

calculations continue to use the actual figure. The actual figure

will appear in unformatted reports.

Using CONSUME reports with word processors: Open a

CONSUME report file in a word processing program to include

the report in a document or to add formatting to the report

information.
78 CONSUME Users Guide

Using CONSUME reports with spreadsheet programs: Open

a CONSUME report file in a spreadsheet program to analyze the

report information further (for example, to create a chart showing

consumption at different levels of fuel moisture).

Calculating consumption of natural fuels: To determine

consumption of natural fuels in a unit, enter 9999 in the Harvest

date field in the Unit Entry screen

Making backups: The information in the CONSUME database

is stored in two files, UNIT0100.BTR and WTHR0100.BTR.

Reports are stored in files with the extension .REP. To protect

your data from accidental deletion or disk failure, you should

make regular backup copies of all these files.
79

Appendix B: Troubleshooting

This appendix provides troubleshooting information. If you do

not find the answer to your problem here, contact the Seattle

Forestry Science Lab, Fire and Environmental Research 

Applications Group, Software Support, Pacific Northwest

Research Station, at (206)553-7815.

Error Messages

If there is a problem with the CONSUME program and it

terminates, you will see one of these error messages:

Data Base Error

File Error

Fatal Error

Error in Screen Specs

Error in Field Specs

Run-time Error

See the appropriate section below for more information about

each of these messages.

Data Base Errors

If you get a data base error, CONSUME is not able to interact

correctly with DOS when it accesses the data base files

(UNIT0100.BTR and WTHR0100.BTR).

The most common data base errors and the corrective actions

you should take are shown below. If you get an error that is not

listed, contact the Fire and Environmental Research

Applications Group.
80 CONSUME Users Guide

DATABASE ERROR 02; I/O ERROR

Cause: An error occurred while CONSUME was reading or

writing to one of the database files. The database file or your

hard disk might have been damaged, or the database file might

have been modified by an incompatible application (for example,

a user might have unintentionally changed the database file by

using a text editor).

Correction: Do not attempt to use the current database files.

Use a DOS utility (such as CHKDSK) to verify that your hard

disk is functioning correctly, and then replace the database files

with the most recent backup copies.

DATABASE ERROR 12; FILE NOT FOUND

Cause: One of the database files was moved, deleted, or

renamed.

Correction: Move the database files back into the CONSUME

directory. If there is any possibility that the files were modified

by an application other than CONSUME, you need to replace the

database files with the most recent backup copies.

DATABASE ERROR 18; DISK FULL

Cause: There is no more space on the hard disk for adding

database information.

Correction: Delete unneeded files from your hard disk to make

room for more CONSUME information, and restart CONSUME.

You do not need to replace the existing database files; however,

you do need to re-enter the record you were adding or modifying

when the error occurred.

DATABASE ERROR 20; RECORD MANAGER NOT ACTIVE

Cause: The record manager (a program CONSUME uses for

database access) cannot be located by CONSUME. The file

BTRIEVE.EXE may be missing from the CONSUME directory,

or you may have typed congo instead of consume at the DOS

prompt to start CONSUME.

Correction: If BTRIEVE.EXE is missing, copy it from the

CONSUME install disks. If BTRIEVE.EXE is not missing, be

sure you type consume when you start CONSUME. You do not

need to replace the database files when this error occurs.
Appendix B: Troubleshooting 81

DATABASE ERROR 80; CONFLICT

Cause: Multiple applications are trying to access the database at

the same time. This error could occur on a network or in a

multitasking system (such as Windows).

Correction: Be sure that only one instance of CONSUME is

accessing the database at one time. If the error was caused by

an application other than CONSUME accessing the database,

you need to replace the existing database files with the most

recent backup copies.

DATABASE ERROR 94; PERMISSION ERROR

Cause: CONSUME cannot access the database because of an

operating system restriction (for example, a read-only file

attribute or an operating system security check).

Correction: Check the attributes of the database files, and

remove the read-only attribute if necessary (see your DOS

manual for information about removing this attribute). If

CONSUME is on a network, make sure the user has access

rights to the CONSUME directory.

File Errors

If you get a file error, CONSUME is not able to interact correctly

with DOS when it accesses a report file (any file in the

CONSUME directory with a .REP extension) or the CONSUME

help file (CONSUME.HLP).

The most common file errors and the corrective actions you

should take are shown below. If you get an error that is not

listed, contact the Fire and Environmental Research Applications

Group.

FILE ERROR 6416; FILE NOT FOUND

Cause: CONSUME was looking for a file (probably the help file)

and could not find 'rt.

Correction: Make sure all the CONSUME files are in the

CONSUME directory, and that they have not been renamed.

Any missing files (except database files that you have modified)

can be restored from the CONSUME install disks.
82 CONSUME Users Guide

FILE ERROR 6418; TOO MANY FILES CONNECTED

Cause: DOS did not allow CONSUME to open another file,

because the maximum number of files allowed by DOS already

was open.

Correction: Close files currently in use by other applications.

You also can increase the number of DOS files allowed by

modifying the FILES= line of the CONFIG.SYS file.

FILE ERROR 6422; NO SPACE LEFT ON DEVICE

Cause: There is no space left on the disk drive for creating

reports.

Correction: Delete unneeded files from your hard disk to make

room for more CONSUME reports.

FILE ERROR -1; END OF FILE ENCOUNTERED

Cause: CONSUME was trying to read a file (probably the help

file CONSUME.HLP) and encountered the end of the file

unexpectedly, because the file has been modified by another

application.

Correction: Make sure the help file has not been modified, and

that other applications have not modified report files while

CONSUME is running.

Internal Errors

CONSUME has four possible internal errors:

FATAL ERROR

ERROR IN SCREEN SPECS

ERROR IN FIELD SPECS

RUN-TIME ERROR

These errors can all occur for several reasons:

Cause: The hardware or operating system software (DOS) you

are using are not 100 percent IBM compatible.

Correction: Make any necessary changes to the hardware or

DOS version so they are 100 percent IBM compatible. After you

have done so, reinstall CONSUME.
Appendix 8: Troubleshooting 83

Cause: There has been a hardware failure in your system (for

example, a faulty memory device).

Correction: Run system diagnostics or other system utilities to

check your system hardware. Restart your computer, and watch

for system startup error messages.

Cause: You have identified a flaw in the CONSUME system.

Correction: Contact the Fire and Environmental Research

Applications Group.

85

Appendix C: Scientific

Background

This appendix provides scientific background for the CONSUME

program, including:

• An introduction to the research and assumptions on which

CONSUME is based.

• A general overview of the algorithms CONSUME uses.

• Documentation of the major equations used to calculate

consumption.

A technical background document. Documentation of

Consumption Algorithms in CONSUME, is available from the

Seattle Forestry Sciences Laboratory, Fire and Environmental

Research Applications Group, 4043 Roosevelt Way NE, Seattle,

WA 98105. This internal document provides more detailed

information about the algorithms used in CONSUME.

Introduction

In the early 1980s, the Fire and Air Resource Management

project of the Pacific Northwest Research Station began to

develop fuel-consumption models for prescribed burning

situations in the Pacific Northwest. From the data collected at

nearly 175 operational prescribed burns, a set of consumption

algorithms has been formulated and incorporated into

CONSUME.
86 CONSUME Users Guide

This version of CONSUME incorporates the results of recent

research. CONSUME now includes calculations that account for

springlike and summerlike burning conditions, uncured fuel

moisture, and high-intensity conditions. These factors lead to

more precise results than previous versions of CONSUME could

provide. For more information about these changes, contact the

Seattle Forestry Science Lab, Fire and Environmental Research

Applications Group, Software Support, Pacific Northwest

Research Station, to obtain detailed technical documentation.

In certain cases, CONSUME uses preliminary consumption

models, pending the development of more complete and

accurate models. As these improved models become available,

they will be incorporated into future versions of CONSUME.

CONSUME Algorithms

CONSUME uses several different models to calculate

consumption of fuels of different sizes.

. Small (1- and 10-hour) fuelsare assumed to consume

completely in any bum.

. Consumption of small (100-hour) fuels is calculated based

on several factors, including 10-hour fuel moisture content,

wind speed, and slope.

. Large (1000- to 1OOOOP-hour) fuel consumption is based

primarily on adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture. Other

factors include the consumption of 100-hour fuels and

duration of ignition time.

. Duff consumption is calculated based on duff depth, days

since rainfall, and the consumption of large fuels.

This Users Guide refers to fuels by timelag category (1-hour, 10-

hour, and so on). The following table shows fuels by timelag

category and their corresponding diameters.
Appendix C: Scientific Background 87

Diameter____Timelag

Inches Hours

0.0-0.25

0.26-1.0

1.1-3

3.1-9

91-20

20.1+

1

10

100

10001

10000

10000P2

The rest of this appendix provides more detailed information

about each consumption model.

Small (1-Hour, 10-Hour, and 100-Hour) Woody Fuel

Consumption

CONSUME assumes that all 1-hour and 10-hour fuels in a unit

are consumed during a bum, regardless of weather, location, or

other conditions. This was determined from data collected in the

field. Managers generally do not meet objectives if they burn a

unit when only a small portion of the 1 -hour and 10-hour fuels

are consumed.

The equations for 100-hour fuel consumption were derived from

fuel consumption theory, with several of the coefficients

determined from a burn study (Ottmar and others 1990) and

from fire spread research (Rothermel 1972).

1

 The true definition for 1000-hour fuels is 3 to 8 inches in

diameter. It is common practice, among forest managers, to

define 1000-hour fuels as 3 to 9 inches in diameter. CONSUME

has adopted the 3- to 9-inch-diameter definition.

2

 Fuels 20.1 inches or more in diameter have a timelag greater

than 10,000 hours.
88 CONSUME Users Guide

1-Hour and 10-Hour Fuel Consumption

Equations

The consumption of 1-hour and 10-hour fuels equals their preburn loadings in tons per acre.

1-hour fuel consumption = 1-hour fuel load

10-hour fuel consumption = 10-hour fuel load
Appendix C: Scientific Background 89

100-Hour Fuel Consumption Equations

The following flow chart shows the factors that are used in

determining 100-hourfuel consumption.3

CONSUME uses this algorithm to calculate consumption of 100-

hour fuels. The lettered sections and equations are explained

below.

3

 See "About this Manual" for an explanation of flowchart

symbols.
90 CONSUME Users Guide

A: Default 100-hour fuel load

A theoretical relation among wind speed, slope, and heat flux

has been developed. It is based on a typical unit (20 percent

slope, zero wind speed, ignited by hand) with an average fuel

loading. Therefore, one of the factors used to determine the

heat flux correction (section B) is a default 100-hour fuel load.

CONSUME determines this default load from geographical area

and owner class, by using the following tabulations (Howard

1981):4

Owner Class Western OR/CA Western WA

Forest Service 6.9 8.1

State/other Federal 6.7 8.7

Private 7.2 6.9

Owner Class Eastern OR/CA Eastern WA

Forest Service 2.0 2.5

State/other Federal 2.0 2.5

Private 2.0 2.5

B: Heat flux correction

A theoretical heat flux correction formula is used to calculate the

drying of fuels during ignition and consumption. CONSUME

calculates the heat flux correction based on a ratio of 100-hour

fuel loading, default 100-hour fuel loading, slope, and wind

speed.

4

 All figures in tons per acre.
Appendix C: Scientific Background 91

Heat flux correction =

100-hour fuel load

*

(

Slope - 20 Wind speed (Default 100-hour fuel load) 60 4 )

location (tons/acre) (see section A)

Slope: Average slope of unit (percent)

Wind speed: Midflame wind speed at time of bum

(miles/hour)

20: Slope of typical unit (percent)

60: Coefficient (slope required to double rate of fire spread

[Rothermel 1972]) (dimensionless)

4: Coefficient (effective wind speed required to double rate

of fire spread (Rothermel 1972]) (dimensionless)

C: 10-hourfuel moisture correction

CONSUME uses 10-hour fuel moisture as part of the calculation

to determine percentage of consumption of 100-hour fuels. 10-

hour fuel moisture is adjusted based on propagating heat flux

correction (section B)

10-hour FM correction =

ln (Heat flux correction) Fuel moisture flux *( ) ln (2)

Fuel moisture flux: 3.0 percent (amount of change in

moisture content for each doubling of flux [Rothermel

1972])

+

100- hour fuel load: 100- hour fuel loading of unit (tons/acre)

Default 100-hour fuel load: Based on owner class and
92 CONSUME Users Guide

D: Adjusted 10-hourfuel moisture content

The factor from section C is used to adjust 10-hour fuel moisture

(percent), by using the following equation:

Adjusted 10-hour fuel moisture =

10-hour FM - 10-hour FM correction

E: Percent consumption of 100-hour fuels

CONSUME uses the following theoretical equation to determine

percent consumption of 100-hour fuels.

Percent 100-hour consumption =

0.9 - (Adjusted 10-hour FM - 12) * 0.0535

12: Moisture content at which 100-hour fuels will not

completely consume. (Rothermel 1972) (dimensionless)

0.0535: Slope of the line determined from real data

regression (Ottmarand others 1990) (dimensionless)

F: Total 100-hour fuel consumption

By using the percent consumption (section E), CONSUME

calculates the total consumption of 100-hour fuels in tons per

acre.

Total 100-hour fuel consumption =

100-hour fuel loading * Percent 100-hour fuel

consumption
Appendix C: Scientific Background 93

Large Woody Fuel Consumption

Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel Moisture

The most important factor in determining total large woody fuel

consumption is adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content.

CONSUME predicts this variable by using the adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture algorithm. CONSUME uses the adjusted

1000-hour fuel moisture model to calculate unit average large

woody fuel moisture. The model is a modification of the 1000-

hour fuel moisture model of the National Fire Danger Rating

system, to make better predictions for the consumption of

Douglas-fir, hemlock, mixed conifer, and lodgepole pine fuels

common to the Pacific Northwest. The adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture model requires daily measurements of rain duration,

maximum and minimum relative humidity, and maximum and

minimum temperature. For a detailed description of the model,

see Ottmar and Sandberg (1985).

Diameter Reduction

Diameter reduction (DRED) is the reduction of the diameter of a

cylindrical log caused by fire and is measured in inches.

CONSUME uses days of curing, fuel moisture, and consumption

of 100-hour fuels to estimate the diameter reduction of large

woody fuels. Diameter reduction for 1000- and 10000-hour fuels

is independent of the original diameter (Sandberg and Ottmar

1983). The following flow chart and equations explain how

CONSUME estimates diameter reduction.
94 CONSUME User Guide

CONSUME uses this algorithm to calculate consumption of large

(1000-hour and 10000-hour) woody fuels. The lettered

equations are explained below.
Appendix C: Scientific Background 95

G: Evaluating if curing has occurred

The 1000-hour and 10000-hour fuels are cured when their fuel

moisture drops to 60 percent (approximately 3 drying months).

CONSUME uses a three-step process to determine if fuels are

cured.

First, CONSUME estimates an uncured 1000-hour fuel moisture:

Uncured fuel moistures 119.64exp(-0.0069 * Days since harvest)

Uncured fuel moisture: Fuel moisture content of large

woody material that has not had time to cure.

Days since harvest: Number of days without snow on the

unit since harvest; determined from snow-off date and

harvest date.

Second, CONSUME determines if the uncured fuel moisture is

greater than the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture. If it is,

CONSUME uses it instead of adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture

in diameter reduction equations (sections I, J, K, and L).

Third, CONSUME determines if the selected 1000-hour fuel

moisture (regardless of adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture or

uncured fuel moisture) is greater than 60 per cent. If it is, the

large woody fuels are uncured, and CONSUME uses the

uncured fuel moisture in diameter reduction equations (sections

I, J, K, and L).
96 CONSUME Users Guide

H: Evaluating whether springlike burning

conditions occurred

CONSUME uses the percentage of consumption of 100-hour

fuels to find whether burning conditions are springlike or

summerlike.

If the consumption of 100-hour fuels is less than 80 percent,

conditions are springlike, and CONSUME uses equation I to

calculate diameter reduction.

If the consumption of 100-hour fuels is greater than 80 percent,

conditions are summerlike, and CONSUME uses equation J to

calculate diameter reduction.

Between 75 and 85 percent, CONSUME uses a step function to

smooth the transition between springlike and summerlike

conditions.

I: Springlike diameter reduction equation

If burning conditions are springlike, CONSUME uses the

following equation to calculate diameter reduction in inches

(Ottmar and others 1990):

Diameter reduction = -0.096(ADJ-Th) + 4.6495

ADJ-Th: Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content (percent)

(Ottmar and Sandberg 1985)

J: Summerlike diameter reduction equation

If burning conditions are summerlike, CONSUME uses the

following equation to calculate diameter reduction in inches

(Sandberg and Ottmar 1983). CONSUME also uses several

additional equations when high-intensity fire conditions exist (see

"High-Intensity Fire Conditions" for more information).
Appendix C: Scientific Background 97

Diameter Reduction = -.125(ADJ-Th) + 6.27

ADJ-Th: Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content

(percent) (Ottmarand Sandberg, 1985)

K: High fuel moisture diameter reduction

equations

If adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is extremely high, it is

necessary to smooth diameter reduction so that it approaches,

but never reaches, zero. This prevents an estimated diameter

reduction of less than zero.

If the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is 44 to 60 percent,

CONSUME uses the following equation to calculate diameter

reduction in inches:

Diameter Reduction = -.0178(ADJ-Th) + 1.499

ADJ-Th: Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content (percent)

(Ottmar and Sandberg, 1985)

If the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture is greater than 60

percent, CONSUME uses the following equation to calculate

diameter reduction in inches:

Diameter Reduction = -.005(ADJ-Th) + .731

ADJ-Th: Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture content

(percent) (Ottmar and Sandberg, 1985)

L: High-intensity fire adjustment to diameter

reduction

The intensity of fire can limit the consumption of large woody

fuels. Mass ignition causes small fuels to be consumed more

rapidly, increasing the intensity of the fire. This can shorten the

fire duration, causing large fuels to absorb less energy and have

less consumption.
98 CONSUME Users Guide

CONSUME takes this into account by reducing the amount of

diameter reduction of 1000-hour and 10000-hour fuels as fires

increase in intensity.

Several variables influence the possible levels of fire intensity.

CONSUME uses 10-hour fuel moisture, duration of ignition time.

unit size, and adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture to determine fire

intensity. The following tabulation shows how fire intensity

affects diameter reduction.

Fire intensity____DRED reduction

Percent

Extreme 33

Very high 22

High 11

Medium Not reduced

Extreme-intensity fires

CONSUME uses the following factors to determine whether a

fire is of extreme intensity:

. 10-hour. fuel moisture content must be less than 15 percent

• Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture must be less than or equal

to 40 percent.

Unit size must be greater than or equal to 10 acres

If a fire meets these conditions, CONSUME then evaluates if the

size of the burn and speed of ignition result in a mass ignition:

For units of less than 10 acres, extreme-intensity fires cannot

occur.

For units of 10 to 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = Acres
Appendix C: Scientific Background ____ ________99

For units of more than 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = (0.5 * Acres) +10

Maximum ignition duration: The total number of minutes

that can elapse in the ignition period and still be considered

a mass ignition.

Acres: The number of acres treated with prescribed fire.

If ignition duration is less than maximum ignition duration, the

intensity of the fire is extreme. CONSUME reduces diameter

reduction by 22 to 33 percent, depending on the 10-hour fuel

moisture and the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

Very high-intensity fires

If a fire does not meet conditions for extreme-intensity fires,

CONSUME uses the following factors to determine whether the

fire is of very high intensity:

• 10-hour fuel moisture content must be less than or equal to

15 percent.

Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture must be less than or equal

to 50 percent.

If a fire meets these conditions, CONSUME evaluates whether

the size of the burn and speed of ignition result in a mass

ignition.

For units of up to 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = 2 * Acres

For units of more than 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = Acres + 20
100 CONSUME Users Guide

Maximum ignition duration: The total number of minutes

that can elapse in the ignition period and still be considered

a mass ignition.

Acres: Number of acres treated with prescribed fire.

If ignition duration is less than maximum ignition duration, the

intensity of the fire is very high. CONSUME reduces diameter

reduction by 11 to 22 percent, depending on the 10-hour fuel

moisture and the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

High-intensity fires

If a fire does not meet the conditions for very high-intensity fires,

CONSUME uses the following factors to determine whether the

fire is of high intensity:

• 10-hour fuel moisture content must be less than or equal to

18 percent.

• Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture must be less than or equal

to 50 percent.

If a fire meets these conditions, CONSUME evaluates whether

the size of the bum and speed of ignition result in a mass

ignition:

For units of up to 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = 4 * Acres

For units of more than 20 acres:

Maximum ignition duration = (2 * Acres) + 40

Maximum ignition duration: The total number of minutes

that can elapse in the ignition period and still be considered

a mass ignition.

Acres: The number of acres treated with prescribed fire.
Appendix C: Scientific Background___________________101

If ignition duration is less than maximum ignition duration, the

intensity of the fire is high. CONSUME reduces diameter

reduction by 0 to 11 percent, depending on the 10-hour fuel

moisture and the adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

Medium-intensity fires

If a fire does not meet any of the above conditions, CONSUME

does not reduce diameter reduction.

M: Quadratic mean tables

The quadratic mean diameter represents the diameter of a log in

a woody size class with average volume. Quadratic mean

diameter is used to convert calculated inches of diameter

reduction into percent volume reduction.

The quadratic mean diameters of large woody fuels differ by size

class, geographical location, and type of owner (Peterson and

others 1991).

CONSUME uses the following tabulations to determine quadratic

mean diameters for 1000-hour fuels.5

Owner Class_____Western OR/CA Western WA

Forest Service 5.3 5.5

State/other Federal 5.2 5.3

Private 5.3 5.5

Owner Class Eastern OR/CA Eastern WA

Forest Service 5.2 5.0

State/other Federal 5.2 5.0

Private 5.1 5.0

5

 All figures in inches.
102 CONSUME User Guide

CONSUME uses the following tables to determine quadratic

mean diameters for 10000-hour fuels.6

Owner Class_____Western OR/CA Western WA

Forest Service 12.3 12.2

State/other Federal 12.0 11.9

Private 11.6 11.2

Owner Class_____Eastern OR/CA Eastern WA

Forest Service 13.7 11.4

State/other Federal 13.7 11.4

Private 11.9 11.9

All figures in inches

N: Percent volume reduction equations

CONSUME calculates the percent volume reduction of 1000-

hour and 10000-hour fuels with the following equations.

Separate quadratic mean diameters are used for 1000-hour and

10000-hour fuels.

For 1000-hour fuels, the volume reduction equation is:

% Volume Reduction 1-

1000-hour Quadratic Mean Diameter-Diameter Reduction2

 1000-hour Quadratic Mean Diameter 

1000-hour Quadratic Mean Diameter: see table M

6

 All figures in inches
Appendix C: Scientific Background 103

For 10000-hour fuels, the volume reduction equation is:

% Volume reduction =

1 - jOOOO-hour quadratic mean diameter - Diameter reduction^

10000-hour quadratic mean diameter J

10000-hour quadratic mean diameter: see table M

0:1000-hour and 10000-hour fuel consumption

equations

CONSUME calculates total 1000-hour and 10000-hour

consumption in tons per acre with the following equations.

1000-hour fuel consumption =

% 1000-hour fuel volume reduction *

1000-hour fuel loading

10000-hour fuel consumption =

% 10000-hour fuel volume reduction *

10000-hour fuel loading

P: lOOOOP-hour fuel consumption

The percentage of consumption for materials 20 inches or more

in diameter (1OOOOP-hour timelag fuels) is estimated by

assuming 5 percent consumption when adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture is less than 30 percent, 4 percent consumption when

fuel moisture is 31 percent, 3 percent consumption when

adjusted fuel moisture is 32 percent, 2 percent consumption

when adjusted fuel moisture is 33 percent, 1 percent

consumption when adjusted fuel moisture is 34 percent, and 0

percent consumption when adjusted fuel moisture is 35 percent.

The formula was determined from a small amount of diameter

reduction data collected during 1980-82. The data were difficult

to interpret because most large logs were rotten in the center

and consumed from the inside outward.
104 CONSUME Users Guide

CONSUME uses the following tabulation to calculate 10000Phour fuel consumption:

1OOOOP-hour

ADJ-Th fuels consumed

-.---- percent--••-

35 0

34 1

33 2

32 3

31 4

30 5

Q: Total large woody fuel consumption

Total large woody fuel consumption in tons per acre is the sum

of the consumption of 1000-, 10000-, and 1OOOOP-hourtimelag

fuels in tons per acre.

Total large woody fuel consumption =

1000-hour fuel consumption + 10000-hour fuel

consumption + 1OOOOP-hour fuel consumption

Duff Consumption

Major variables that control duff consumption include woody fuel

consumption, diameter reduction, preburn duff depth, and duff

moisture content. Because actual duff moisture content is

difficult to measure, CONSUME classifies duff as wet, moist, or

dry based on the number of days since significant rain. The duff

consumption algorithm is divided into separate regimes for wet,

moist, and dry duff (Ottmar and others 1985).
Appendix C: Scientific Background 105

The following flow chart shows the factors that are used in

determining duff consumption.

CONSUME uses this algorithm to calculate duff consumption.

The lettered sections and equations are explained below.
106 CONSUME Users Guide

R: Y-intercept adjustment

CONSUME uses an adjustment factor to modify the duff

reduction equations (T, U, and V) as they approach the Y-axis.

Without this Y-intercept adjustment, duff consumption would be

overestimated for bums with very low consumption of large

woody fuels. The adjustment factor is the absolute minimum of

(Diameter Reduction/1.68) and 1.

Diameter reduction: Diameter reduction of large woody

fuels (see sections I, J, K, and L)

1.68: Average quadratic mean diameter of 100-hour fuels

S: Drying period equations

CONSUME uses different moisture regimes to estimate duff

reduction. The selection of the appropriate moisture regime is

dependant on the preburn duff depth and the days of drying prior

to the burn.

CONSUME uses the preburn duff depth to estimate the days of

drying necessary to change the duff moisture from wet to moist,

and from moist to dry. These drying periods are then compared

with the days since significant rainfall to select the appropriate

duff reduction regime.

{Duff depth}

1.18

Days to moist = 21 *______3_________

Days to dry =57 * {Duff3depth} 1.18

Days to moist: The days without significant rainfall required

to reach the threshold between the wet and moist regimes.

Days to dry: The days without significant rainfall required to

reach the threshold between the moist and dry regimes.
Appendix C: Scientific Background _________107

Days since significant rainfall: The number of days since a

significant amount of rain fell. Significant rainfall is 0.5

inches on the west side of the Cascades, and 0.25 inches

on the east side. This is the amount of rainfall required to

saturate the duff layer (Cooper 1985).

If days since significant rainfall is less than days to moist,

CONSUME uses the wet duff regime. If days since significant

rainfall is greater than days to moist, but less than days to dry,

CONSUME uses the moist duff regime. If days since signficant

rainfall is greater than days to dry, CONSUME uses the dry duff

regime.

T: Wet duff reduction equation

If CONSUME determines (in section S) that the duff is wet, it

uses the following equation to determine duff reduction (Ottmar

and others 1985):

Wet duff reduction = (0.537 * YADJ)

+ [0.057 * (1000-hour consumption + 10000-hour

consumption + 1OOOOP-hour consumption)]

Wet duff reduction: Duff reduction in wet regime (inches)

YADJ: Y-intercept adjustment

1000-hour consumption: Consumption of 1000-hour fuels in

tons per acre (see section 0)

10000-hour consumption: Consumption of 10000-hour fuels

in tons per acre (see section 0)

1OOOOP-hour consumption: Consumption of 1OOOOP-hour

fuels in tons per acre (see section P)
108 CONSUME Users Guide

U: Moist duff reduction equation

If CONSUME determines (in section S) that the duff is moist, it

uses the following equation to determine duff reduction (Ottmar

and others 1985):

Moist duff reduction =

(0.323 * YADJ) + (1.034 * VDiameter reduction)

Moist duff reduction: Duff reduction in moist regime (inches)

YADJ: Y-intercept adjustment

Diameter reduction: Diameter reduction of large woody

fuels in inches (see sections I, J, K, and L)

V: Dry duff reduction

If CONSUME determines that the duff is dry (section S), it uses

the following equation to determine duff reduction:

Dry duff reduction =

 Moist duff reduction + Days since rainfall - Days to dry

 

Dry duff reduction: Duff reduction in dry regime (inches)

Moist duff reduction: See section U

Days since rainfall: Days since significant rainfall

Diameter reduction: Diameter reduction of large woody

fuels (see sections I, J, K and L)

Days to dry: See section S
Appendix C: Scientific Background_____ ______________109

W: Shallow duff adjustment

Shallow duff has more inorganic material in it, and this causes

less consumption. CONSUME makes an adjustment to account

for this:

• If preburn duff depth is less than 1 inch, duff reduction is

multiplied by 0.5.

• If preburn duff depth is less than 2 inches, duff reduction is

multiplied by 0.75.

The transition between 1 and 2 inches is smoothed with a step

function.

X: Total duff consumption

Total duff consumption in tons per acre is calculated using bulk

density and duff reduction (sections T, U, V, or W).

Bulk density is 18.7 tons per acre per inch on the west side, and

12.1 tons per acre per inch on the east side.

Total duff consumption = Duff reduction * density

Density: Duff bulk density (18.7 west side, 12.1 east side)
110 CONSUME Users Guide

Total Biomass Consumption

CONSUME uses the following calculations to determine total

biomass consumption in tons per acre and tons per unit:

Total woody fuel consumption per acre = 1-hour fuel

consumption per acre + 10-hour fuel consumption per

acre + Total 100-hour fuel consumption per acre + Total

large woody fuel consumption per acre

Total biomass consumption per acre = Total woody fuel

consumption per acre + Total duff consumption per

acre

Total unit biomass consumption = Total biomass

consumption per acre * Acres
111

Glossary

Activity fuels: Fuels resulting from or altered by forestry

practices such as timber harvesting, thinning, etc., as opposed

to naturally created fuels.

Adjusted 1000-hourfuel moisture (ADJ-Th): Adjusted 1000-

hour fuel moisture is an estimated fuel moisture (derived from

temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation data) that i

represents the average unit fuel moisture of large woody fuels in

the Pacific Northwest more precisely than the National Fire

Danger Rating System. Adjusted 1000-hourfuel moisture

predicts the fuel moisture of Douglas fir, hemlock, mixed

conifers, and lodgepole pine. It has not been evaluated for

predicting fuel, moisture of long-needled pine.

Clearcut: A timber harvest method in which all, or nearly all,

trees in a stand of timber are cut in one operation. '

Diameter reduction (DRED): Reduction in the diameter of a

cylindrical log caused by fire.

Duff: Humus and other partially decayed material on the forest

floor.

Fuel loading: The amount of fuels present in a unit, expressed

quantitatively in terms of mass of fuels per unit area.

Fuel moisture: The amount of water present in fuels. Generally,

fuel moisture content is expressed as a percentage of a l

material's ovendry weight.

Heat flux: The amount of heat transferred across a surface of a

unit area in a unit of time. Also known as "thermal flux."

High-Intensity fire: A fire caused by mass ignition of a unit,

resulting in long flame lengths, violent fire behavior, fire whirls,

and high intensities. Research has shown that high intensity

fires consume a smaller quantity of fuels than moderate intensity

prescribed bums.
112 CONSUME Users Guide

Large fuels: Dead wood consisting of sound or rotten

roundwood greater than 3 inches in diameter.

Natural fuels: Fuels that have fallen or died through natural

causes.

Prescribed burn: A controlled application of fire to wildland

fuels that have been subject to logging activity, to obtain planned

objectives for silviculture, wildlife habitat management, grazing,

fire hazard reduction, and so on.

Significant rainfall: The amount of rainfall in a 48-hour period

required to saturate the duff layer. A significant amount of rain is

one-half inch on sites west of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada and

one-quarter inch on sites east of the Cascades/Sierra Nevada.

Small fuels: Dead wood consisting of sound or rotten

roundwood 0 to 3 inches in diameter.

10-hour fuel sticks: A manufactured stick or set of sticks of

known dry weight. By exposing them to the weather and

weighing them periodically, you can use fuel sticks to determine

changes in the moisture content of 10-hour fuels in a unit.

Timelag: The time necessary for a fuel particle to lose ±63

percent of the difference between its initial fuel moisture content

and its equilibrium moisture content. The timelag of sound or

rotten roundwood fuels depends on their diameter, as shown in

appendix C, "Scientific Background."
113

Index

1-hour fuels (0.0- to 25-inch diameter)

Sea a/so Fuel consumption, Fuel loading,

Fuel moisture

fuel consumption equations, 86, 87-88

fuel loading estimates, 35

10-hour fuel sticks, 112

10-hour fuels (0.26- to 1-inch-diameter)

Sea also Fuel consumption. Fuel loading,

Fuel moisture

adjusted 10-hour fuel moisture, 92

fuel consumption equations, 86, 87-88

fuel loading estimates, 35

fuel moisture equations, 91 -92

fuel sticks,112

high-intensity fires, 98-101

measuring fuel moisture, 32

100-hour fuels (1.1- to 3-inch diameter)

See a/so Fuel consumption. Fuel loading,

Fuel moisture

10-hour fuel moisture factor, 32

burning condition equations, 96

default fuel load, 90

diameter reduction equations, 93-94

duff consumption equations, 106

fuel consumption equations, 86, 89-92

fuel loading estimates, 35

percent consumption, 92, 96

slope factors, 34

windspeed factors, 33

1000-hour fuels (3.1- to 9-inch diameter)

See a/so Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture,

Fuel consumption. Fuel loading, Fuel

moisture, Target adjusted 1000-hour fuel

moisture

diameter reduction, 60, 63, 93-104

fuel consumption equations, 86, 93-104

fuel consumption reports, 60

fuel loading estimates, 35

fuel moisture analysis, 4-6

fuel moisture in weather information

reports, 66-68

fuel moisture reports, 55-56, 62-66, 70

initial fuel moisture estimates, 4, 23, 77

percent volume reduction, 102-103

quadratic mean diameters, 101-102

uncured fuel moisture, 60, 61, 95

10000-hour fuels (9.1- to 20-inch diameter)

See also Fuel consumption, Fuel loading,

Fuel moisture

diameter reduction, 60, 63, 93-104

fuel consumption equations, 86, 93-104

fuel loading estimates, 35

percent volume reduction, 102-103

quadratic mean diameters, 102

uncured fuel moisture, 95

10000 plus-hour fuels (20 1 + inch diameter)

See also Fuel consumption, Fuel loading,

Fuel moisture

diameter reduction, 60, 63

fuel consumption equations, 86, 104

fuel loading estimates, 35

Acres, 3, 31,60, 63

Activity fuels, 111

Adj/Unc Th Hr FM (%), 60

Adjusted 10-hour fuel moisture, 92

Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture, 4-6, 93, 111

Sea also 1000-hour fuels. Fuel consumption,

Fuel loading. Fuel moisture, Target adjusted

1000-hour fuel moisture

diameter reduction equations, 96-97

fire intensity equations, 98-101

fuel consumption equations, 93-104

fuel consumption reports, 6, 49,55-56,60,

64-66,70

daily weather data, 41

initial fuel moisture estimates, 23, 77

length of drying day factor, 24

rainfall factors, 24-25, 43

temperature and humidity factors, 24, 42-

43

in weather information reports, 66-68

weather zone factors, 31

Air temperature. See Temperature

Algorithms, 4-5, 85-110

Applications. See Programs compatible with

CONSUME data

ASCII format, 54, 58

Attainment dates, 64, 66

Backing up CONSUME files, 20, 78

Beginning dates, 54

See a/so Starting dates

Biomass consumption, 110

.BTR file extension. 20, 78

Bulk density of duff, 109
114 CONSUME Users Guide

Burn objectives. See Prescribed burns

Burn plans. Sea Prescribed burn plans

Burning conditions, 61, 64, 96-97

California

1000-hour tuel diameters, 101

default fuel loading, 90

default weather values, 65

subregion abbreviations, 34

Canceling data or selections, 17, 72, 73

Cascade Range, 34, 43,107,112

Changing. See Modifying

Charts,58, 78

Choosing. See Selecting

Clearcuts, 111

Codes, ownership and subregions, 34-35

CONPIGSYS file, 9-10

Conifers, 4, 32, 93

CONSUME, 1-6

algorithms and equations, 85-110

backing up and restoring files, 20, 78

database, 3,10

error messages. 8, 79-83

exiting, 11

files, 9, 78

help screens, 11-12, 71, 77

installation, 7-10

quick reference, 69-73

report file formats, 53, 58

sample records, 10, 77

screens, 12-19

starting, 10-11

upgrading from prototype, 10

using with other programs, 53, 58, 77-78

Creating or adding

daily weather records, 17, 44-45

records, 17

reports, 49-56

units, 17, 36-38

weather zones, 17, 25-27

Cured fuels, 34. 60. 95

Daily weather data, 3, 4, 41-48

See also Weather data. Weather zones

adding records and data, 17, 41-45

adjusted fuel moisture equations, 93

deleting records or zones, 17, 29, 41, 77

number of records, 42

unavailable weather data in reports, 61

viewing and modifying records, 17, 45-48

weather information reports, 66-68

Daily Weather Entry screen. 14, 15, 69

Data

recording daily weather data, 41-43

recording unit data, 30-35

recording weather zone data, 21-25

types of CONSUME data. 3, 21

Database (CONSUME), 3

errors, 79-81

sample records, 10, 77

Database programs, 53, 58

Data entry, 3, 12, 14-18, 69, 71-72

Date Selection screen, 71, 73

Dates

attainment date, 64,66

daily weather data, 42

Fuel Consumption by Date reports

See Fuel Consumption by Date reports

harvest date, 34, 61, 95

selection screen, 71, 73

snow-off date, 34

starting and ending dates, 22, 27. 54

Days since significant rainfall. See Significant

rainfall

Default 100-hour fuel load, 90

Default days since significant rainfall. See

Significant rainfall

Default filenames, 54

Default weather values, 65

Deleting

daily weather records. 17,41

characters with key commands, 71

existing records, 17

oldest daily weather records, 42

sample records, 10, 77

unit records, 40-41, 77

weather zones, 27, 29-30, 77

Density of duff, 109

Diameter reduction (DRED), 111

duff consumption equations, 104,106,108

equations, 93-104

fuel consumption reports, 60, 63

Diameters (quadratic mean diameters), 101-103

Displaying. See Viewing

Douglas-fir, 4, 32, 93

DRED See Diameter reduction (DRED)

Dry duff reduction, 106, 108

Drying fuels, 90

Drying periods, 24, 34, 106-107

Duff, 111
Index 115

Duff consumption, 5

duff depth factors, 33

equations, 104-109

fuel consumption equations, 86

rainfall factors, 24, 43, 55

Duff depth, 33,104,106,109

Duff moisture content, 104-107

Duff reduction

equations, 106-108

fuel consumption reports, 61, 63

Eastern California, Oregon or Washington Sea

California, Oregon, Subregions, Washington

Ending dates, 54

Equations, 85-110

Error messages, 8, 79-83

Exiting CONSUME, 11, 71

Extensions, 20, 54. 78

Fatal errors, 82-83

Federal agency-owned lands

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

abbreviation, 35

default fuel loading, 90

Fields, 15-18, 71

File errors, 81-82

File extensions, 20, 54, 78

File formats, 53,58

Filenames, 9, 54

Files

backing up and restoring, 20, 78

CONFIG.SYS, 9-10

CONSUME files, 9,78

report files, 54, 58. 78

Fire and Air Resource Management project, 85

Fires. See Prescribed burns

Flowchart conventions, iii

Fonts, 58

Forest Service-owned lands

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

abbreviation, 35

default fuel loading, 90

Formatted reports, 53, 58

See a/so Reports

Formatting paragraphs, 58

Fuel consumption, 1-6

drying fuels, 90

duff consumption equations, 104-109

equations, 86

1-hour and 10-hour fuels, 86, 87-88

100-hour fuels, 86,89-92, 96

1000-hour, 10000-hour. and 10000 plushour fuels, 86, 93-104

total biomass consumption, 110

models, 86

reports, 6, 49, 54-56, 70, 59-64

subregion and ownership factors, 34-35

Fuel Consumption by Adjusted 1000-Hour Fuel

Moisture reports, 6, 49, 55-56, 62-64, 70

See a/so Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture.

Fuel consumption

Fuel Consumption by Date reports, 6, 49. 54,

59-61,70

See also Fuel consumption

Fuel loading, 3, 5,111

1-hour and 10-hour equations, 88

1000-hour and 10000-hour fuels, 103

default 100-hour fuel load, 90

estimates, 35

Fuel moisture, 4-6,111

See a/so Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture,

specific timelag categories. Target adjusted

1000-hour fuel moisture

cured fuels, 95

diameter reduction equations, 93-94

equations

10-hour fuels, 91-92. 98-101

1000-hour fuels, 86. 93-101

10000 plus-hour fuel, 86,103-104

high fuel moisture equations, 97

increments, 55

initial, 3, 4, 23, 77

lowest and highest, 55

measurement, 23,32

nomograms, 23

ovendry weight of fuels, 32

reports, 55-56,62-66. 70

target dates, 64

uncured fuel moisture. 60, 61

Fuel sticks, 32, 112

Fuels. 86-87, 111

See also specific timelag categories: 1-hour

fuels, 10-hour fuels, 100-hour fuels, etc.

activity fuels, 111

consumption models, 86-87

large fuels, 60, 63, 86. 93-110, 112

natural fuels, 34, 78, 112

small fuels, 86, 87-92. 112

Geographical subregions. See Subregions

Harvest dates, 34. 61, 95
116 CONSUME Users Guide

Headings on reports, 53

Heat flux,90-91, 111

Help screens, 11-12,71,77

Hemlock, 4, 32, 93

Highest fuel moisture, 55, 97

High-intensity fires, 111

See a/so Prescribed bums

diameter reduction equations, 97-101

fuel consumption reports, 61, 64

ignition time factors, 33

Highlighting See Selecting

Hours of rainfall. See Rainfall

Humidity See Relative humidity

Ignition time, 3, 33

fire intensity equations, 97-98

mass ignition, 97-101

Initial fuel moisture, 3,4

See a/so Fuel moisture

estimating, 23

predicting fuel consumption, 77

Initial weather zone data, 22-25,66

See a/so Weather zones

Installing CONSUME, 7-10

Intensity of fires. See Prescribed burns

Internal errors, 82-83

Interpreting reports, 59-68

See a/so specific reports

Key commands, 71-73

Landownership, 35, 90

Large fuels, 60, 63, 86, 93-110, 112

See a/so 1000-hour fuels, 10000-hour fuels,

10000 plus-how fuels

Latitude, 3, 23-24

Line printer mode, 56

Utter, 33, 35

Loading See Fuel loading

Lodgepole pine, 4, 32,93

Long-needled pine, 4,32

Lowest fuel moisture, 55

Main Menu screen, 12-13, 18, 69

key commands, 71, 72

Manual weather stations, 21

Mass ignition. See Ignition time

Measurement, fuel moisture, 32

Menu screens, 69

Messages

error messages, 79-83

Msgs codes, 61, 64

status messages, 66

Midflame windspeed See Windspeed

Mixed conifers, 4, 32, 93

Modifying

CONSUME data in other programs, 53

daily weather records, 45-47

existing records, 17

unit records, 38-39

weather zones, 27-28

Moist duff reduction, 106-107, 108

Moisture, fuel See Fuel moisture, Initial fuel

moisture

Moisture meters and samples, 32

Moving through fields and screens, 13-19, 71-73

Msgs codes in fuel consumption reports, 61, 64

Names

reports, 51, 54

timber sale names, 31

units, 31,36

weather zones, 22, 25, 27

National Fire Danger Rating System, 4,32, 93

Natural fuels, 34, 78, 112

Nomograms, 23

Number of acres, 3, 31, 60, 63

Observation periods, 22, 42-43

On-line help, 11-12,71,77

Oregon

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

default fuel loading, 90

default weather values, 65

subregion abbreviations, 34

Output device mode, 56

Ovendrying, 23, 32

Overwriting existing reports, 54

Ownership, 35,90

Pacific Northwest Research Station, 85-86

Page numbering reports, 53

Paragraph formatting, 58

Parallel ports, 56

Particulate emissions, 2

Percent volume reduction, 102-103

Percentage of consumption, 92, 96

Pine. 4,32, 93
Index 117

Preburn duff depth, 33,104,106,109

Preburn loadings Sea Fuel loading

Precipitation. See Rainfall

Prescribed burn plans

estimating fuel moisture values, 32

ignition time values, 33

Prescribed bums, 1-2,112

determining best dates, 59

high-intensity fires, 33

ignition time, 3,33

smoke emissions, 2

Prescribed midflame windspeed. See

Windspeed

Printer ports and setup, 56-57

Printing reports. 53, 56-57

Privately-owned lands

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

abbreviations, 35

default fuel loading, 90

Programs compatible with CONSUME data, 53,

58, 77-78

Quadratic mean diameters, 101-103

Quick reference, 69-73

Quitting. See Exiting CONSUME

Rainfall, 112

daily weather data, 43

default days since significant rainfall, 55, 64

determining duff moisture, 104-107

fuel moisture equations, 93

weather zone data, 24-25

RAWS (Remote Automatic Weather Stations),

21

Relative humidity, 3, 4

daily weather data, 43

default weather values, 65

fuel moisture equations, 93

weather zone data, 24

Remote automatic weather stations (RAWS), 21

Removing. Sea Deleting

REP file extension, 20, 78

Reports, 6, 49-68

creating, 49-56

file extensions, 20, 78

file formats, 53, 58

formatted and unformatted, 53, 58

interpretation, 59-68

naming, 51,54

options, 51-56, 70

page numbers and headings, 53

printing, 53. 56-57

types,49

unrecorded weather zone, 31

using in other programs, 53. 58. 77-78

viewing, 53, 59, 73

XXXX placeholders, 77

Reports Menu screen, 19. 69, 72

Restoring database files, 20

Rise See Slope

Run-time errors, 82-83

Run See Slope

Screens, 12-19, 69-71

Scrolling, 72, 77

Selection keys. 73

Selection screens, 70-71

Shallow duff, 109

Sierra Nevada Range, 34, 43, 112

Significant rainfall, 43, 112

See a/so Rainfall

default days since significant rainfall, 55, 64

determining duff moisture, 104-107

Slope, 3, 34

fuel consumption equations, 89-90

heat flux correction, 90-91

Small fuels, 86, 87-92,112

See a/so 1-hour fuels, 10-hour fuels, 100-hour

fuels

Smoke emissions, 2, 58, 62

Snow-off date, 34

Software applications See Programs compatible

with CONSUME data

Spreadsheet programs, 53, 58, 78

Springlike burning conditions

diameter reduction factor, 96

fuel consumption reports, 61, 64

Starting CONSUME, 10

Starting dates, 22, 27, 54

See a/so Beginning dates

State Agency-owned lands i

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

abbreviations, 35

default fuel loading, 90

Status messages in reports, 66

Styling text in reports, 58

Subregions, 34

See a/so California, Oregon, Washington

Summer-like burning conditions, 96-97

System configuration, 9-10
118 CONSUME Users Guide

Target adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture

See a/so Adjusted 1000-hour fuel moisture,

Fuel moisture

in unit data, 32

reports, 6, 49, 56, 70, 64-66

Temperature, 3, 4, 24

daily weather data. 42

default weather values. 65

Text-only format, 58

Timber sale names and unit numbers, 31

Timber units See Units

Timelag, 86-87, 112

Total biomass consumption, 110

Total duff consumption. 109

Total fuel consumption, 92,103, 104

Transaction Menu, 16

Troubleshooting, 79-83

Uncured fuels

diameter reduction equations, 95

fuel consumption reports, 60, 61

fuel moisture estimates. 60, 95

Unformatted reports, 53, 58

See a/so Reports

Unit Entry screen, 14, 15, 16,69

Unit Information reports, 6. 49, 56, 68, 70

Unit Selection screen, 70. 73

Unit size (Ac)

fire intensity equations, 98-100

fuel consumption reports, 60, 63

Units, 3, 30-41

best dates (or prescribed burn, 59

comparing unit consumption by date, 59

creating, 17,36-38

deleting records, 17. 40-41, 77

fuel consumption reports, 60, 63

fuel moisture reports, 66

modifying data, 16, 38-39

recording and entering data, 17, 30-35

reports, 6, 49, 56, 68. 70

sample unit records, 10, 77

selecting, 16-17

unit names and numbers, 31

viewing records, 17, 39-40

Viewing

lists of unite, weather zones or dates, 72

records, 17,39-40,47-48

reports, 53, 59, 73

weather zones, 28-29, 72

Volume equations, 101-103

Washington

1000-hour fuel diameters, 101

default fuel loading. 90

default weather values, 65

subregion abbreviations, 34

Weather data

See also Daily weather data. Weather

Information reports. Weather zones

default values In target fuel moisture report,

65

fuel consumption equations, 4

reports, 6, 49, 55, 56, 66-68, 70

Weather Information reports, 6, 49, 56, 66-68. 70

Weather stations, 21

Weather Zone Entry screen, 14,16. 69

Weather Zone Selection screen, 70, 73

Weather zones, 3, 21-30

Sea a/so Weather data

assigning units to zones, 30, 31

creating, 25-27

deleting records or weather zone data, 17,

27, 29-30, 77

initial 1000-hour fuel moisture, 23

names, 22

number of daily records, 42

number of zones, 22

recording and entering data. 17, 21-25, 41-

43

reports, 31,49, 56, 66-68

sample records, 10

selecting, 15

starting dates, 22, 27

viewing and modifying data, 17, 27-29

Western California, Oregon or Washington. See

California, Oregon, Subregions, Washington

Wet duff reduction. 107

Wind speed, 3. 33

fuel consumption equations, 89-90

heat flux correction, 90-91

Woody fuels. Sea specific timelag categories: 1-

hour fuels, 10-hour fuels, 100-hour fuels, etc.

Word-processing programs. 53, 58, 77

XXXX report placeholders, 77

Y-intercept adjustment, 106. 108
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