ED 088 240

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TITLE

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SPONS AGENCY

REPORT NO

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EA 005 975

Grant, W. Vance; Lind, C. George

Digest of Educational Statistics, 1973 Edition.

National Center for Educational Statistics (DBEW/OE),

Washington, D.C.

Office of Education (DREW), Washington, C.C.

DHEW-0E-74-11103

74

178p.; A related document is ED 083 677

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing

Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (32.10)

MF-30.75 Hc-39.00

Academic Achievement; Adult Education; Degrees

(Titles); Dropout Rate; Educational Facilities;

*Elementary Education; Employment Statistics;

Enrollment; Expenditures; Graduates; *Higher

Education; Income; Libraries; School Districts;

School Holding Power; *Secondary Education;

*Statistical Data; Teachers

ABSTRACT

The 12th in a series of annual publications, this

document provides an abstract of statistical inIcrmation covering

American education from kindergarten through graduate school.

Subjects on which statistics are provided include the number of

schools and colleges; and information on enrollments, teachers,

graduates, educational attainment, finances, federal funds for

education, libraries, international education, and research and

development. The digest is divided according to (1) all levels of

education, (2) elementary and secondary education, (3) higher

education, (4) federal programs for education and related activities,

and (5) selected statistics related to education in the United

States. Innovations include trend data on high school enrollments in

foreign languages; expanded coverage of the field of adult education;

statistics from the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the number of

librarians; salaries of instructional staff in colleges and

universities by type of institution, academic rank, and sex; and

summary data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School

Class of 1972. (Author)
Digest of

Educational

Statistics

1973
CI

DHEW Publication No. (oE) 74-11103

(NJ

co

Co

Digest of

Educational

Statistics

0

1973 Edition

by

W. Vance Grant

and

C. George Lind

National Center for

Educational Statistics

Office of Education

U.S. UEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION L WELFARE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO

DUCE° EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM

THE PERION OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN

AT iNG r POIN OF VIEW OR OPINIONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRE

SENT OFFICIAL NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

Caspar W. Weinberger, Secretary

Charles B. Saunders, Jr., Acting Assistant Secretary for Education

Office of Education

John Ottina, Commissioner
U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1974

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing °Moe. Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 82.10

I
FOREWORD

The 1973 edition of the Digest of Educational Statistics is the 12th in a series of annual publications

initiated by the Office of Education in 1962. Its primary purpose is to provide an abstract of statistical

information covering the broad field of American education from kindergarten through the graduate

school. In order to perform this function, it utilizes materials from numerous sources, including the

statistical surveys and estimates of the Office of Education and other appropriate sources, both

governmental and nongovernmental. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects within

the field of educational statistics, including the number of schools and colleges, enrollments, teachers,

graduates, educational attainment, finances, Federal funds for education, libraries, international education,

and research and development.

The Digest is divided into five chapters: All Levels of Education, Elementary and Secondary

Education, Higher Education, Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities, and Selected

Statistics Related to Education in the United States. To qualify for inclusion in this publication, material

must be nationwide in scope and of current interest and value. Series of data extending as far back as 1870

have been employed in many instances in order to give some historical perspective. The introduction

supplements the tabular materials in chapters I through V by providing a brief description of current trends

in American education.

While this edition of the Digest is largely an updating of the statistics from previous years, it contains

a number of tables which have not appeared in the past. Included in the new material are trend data on high

school enrollments in foreign languages; expanded coverage of the field of adult education; statistics from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the number of librarians; salaries of instructional staff in colleges and

universities, by type of institution, academic rank, and sex; and summary data from the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Claes of 1972.

The 1973 Digest is the first edition of this report in which Kenneth A. Simon was not actively

involved. Dr. Simon supervised the work on the 1962 Digest and played a prominent role in the preparation

of all subsequent editions through 1972:This year he was on a leave of absence for an overseas assignment.

Even so, his influence is felt throughout the publication, and the authors acknowledge his contribution with

gratitude.

In the past the Digest of Educational Statistics has proved useful to persons interested in the nature

and scope of education in the United States and in particular to those individuals concerned with the

formulation and conduct of educational policy. We trust that the readers of the 12th edition will find it

even more valuable than its predecessors.

DOROTHY M. GILFORD

MARJORIE 0. CHANDLER Assistant Commissioner for

Acting Director, Division of Statistical Educational Statistics

Information and Studies

iii
CONTENTS

Page

Foreword

Introduction

Chapter I. All Levels of Education 5

Chapter II. Elementary and Secondary Education 29

Chapter III. Higher Education 67

Chapter IV. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 117

Chapter V. Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States 135

Index 161

FIGURES

1. The structure of education in the United States 4

2. Estimated retention rates, fifth grade through college graduation: United States, 1964

to 1976 13

3. Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race: United States, 1870 to 1969 17

4. Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product: United

States, 1929-30 to 1971-72 24

5. Expenditures of State and local povemments, 1969-70 26

6. Selected characteristics of public elementary and secondary school teachers: United

States, 1970-71 47

7. Number of public school districts: United States, 1949-50 to 1969-70 52 8. Nunwer of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years of age: United

States, 1869-70 to 1969-70 55

9. Selected characteristics of first-time college students: United States, fall 1971 77

10. Selected characteristics of teaching faculty in colleges and universities: United

States, 1972-73 86

11. Number of institutions of higher education, for men, for women, and coeducational: United

States and outlying areas, 1960-61 to 1970-71 91
Page

12. Percentage distribution of foreign students enrolled In American institutions of higher

education, by area of origin: 1969-70 142

TABLES

All Levels of Education

Enrollment

1. Estimated enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of

control: United States, fall 1972 and fall 1973

2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United

States, fall 1970

3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of school: United

States, 1899-1900 to fall 1970

4. Percent of the population 3 years old and over enrolled in school, by race, sex, and age:

United States, October 1972

5. Percent of the population S to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age: United States,

October 1947 to October 1972

6. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age and by

State: Spring 1970

7. Participants In adult education, by source of instruction: United States, 1969 and 1972...

8. Participants in adult education, by type of program: United States, 1969 and 1972

9. Participants in adult basic education programs, by race or ethnic group, age, and sex: United

States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff

10. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff member in

institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

11. estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total

instructional staff for resident courses in institutions of higher education: United States,

fall 1972 and fall 1973

Schools and School Districts

12. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools by level

and control, by State: 1970-71

Retention Rates and Educational Attainment

13. Estimated retention rates, 5th grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublic

schools: United States, 1924-32 to 1964-72

14. Level of school completed by persons 25 years old and over and 25 to 29 years old, by

color: United States, 1910 to 1973

15. Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by sex, race, and

State: 1970

16. Years of school completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State: 1970

17. Illiteracy of the population, by State: 1900,1930, and 1960

18. Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental requirements for induction into the armed

services, by State: 1972

19. Occupation of employed persons 18 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of school

completed: United States, March 1972

vI

6

6

7

8

8

9

10

10

10

11

11

12

14

14

15

16

18

18

19
Income

20. Total annual money income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school completed,

sex, and ago: United States, 1971

21. Annual income of mer., by age and by years of school con.pleted: United States,

1956 to 1972

22. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1972 . . . 23. Receipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source:

United States, 1969-70

Expenditures

24. Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United

States, 1972-73 and 1973-74

25. Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United States,

1967-68 to 1973-74

26. Expenditures for education, including capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of

control: United States, 1969-70

27. Gross national product related to total expenditures for education: United States, 1929-30

to 1972-73

28. Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for education, by

per capita amount and percent of per capita income: 1970-71

Elementary and Secondary Education

Enrollment

29. Enrollment in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by State:

Fall 1972 and fall 1973

30. Enrollment by grade in full-time public elementary and secondary day schools: United

States, 1960-61 to 1972-73

31. Enrollment, attendance, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary

day schools, by State: 1969-70

32. Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1972

33. Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population

14-17 years of age: United States, 1889-90 to fall 1972

34. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: United States,

1869-70 to 1969-70

35. Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United

States, 1969-70

36. Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States, February

1963 and 1970-71

37. Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in large cities: 1971-73 . . 38. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current

expenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

39. Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 . . 40. Percentage distribution of enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and

by State: Spring 1970

41. Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, pupils, and teachers, by level and by church

affiliation of school: United States, 1970-71

42. Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1919-20

to 1972-73

43. Enrollment of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-old children in preprimary programs, by age and by type of

program: United States, October 1912

vii

Page

20

.21

21

21

22

22

25

25

27

30

31

32

33

33

34

36

36

37

37

38

39

40

40

40
44. Estimated enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1973.

45, Enrollment in foreign languages compared with total enrollment in grades 9 to 12 of public

secondary schools: United States, fall 1965,1968, and 1970

46. Enrollment in science and mathematics courses in public high schools, by sex: United States,

1964-65

47. Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared with total enrollment

in grades 7 to 12 of public secondary schools: United States, 1948-49, 1960-61,

and 1970-71

48. Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and by level

of instruction: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1966 to 1972

49. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: United States and

outlying areas, 1920 to 1972

Page

41

41

42

42

43

44

Teachers and Other Instructiorial Staff

50. Tecchers of federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program: United States

and outlying areas, fiscal years 1970 to 1972 44

51. Estimated number of iassroom teachers in nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching field:

United States, fall 1973 44

52. Number of full-time and part-time classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementary

and secondary day schools, by State: Fall 1972 and fall 1973 45

53. Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and

by State: 1969-70 46

54. Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex: United States,

1970-71 48

55. Public secondary school teachers, by teaching field and by sex: United States, 1970-71 . 48

56. Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools,

and average annual earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in unadjusted dollars

and adjusted dollars: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73 48

57. Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary

schools: United States, 1955-56 to 1972-73 49

58. Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public

elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1952-53 to 1972-73 49

59. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full -time public elementary and secondary day

schools, by State: 1.929-30 to 1972-73 50

Instructional Rooms

60. Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary day

schools, by State: 1970-71 and fall 1971

Schools and School Districts

61. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), by State: Fall 1972

62. Number of public school systems and number of pupils enrolled, by size of system: United

States, 1971-72

63. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of public and

nonpublic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71 . . . . 64. Number and perce it of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States,

1919-20 to 1965-66

viii

51

53

53

53

54
Page

High School Graduates, Liopouts, and Seniors

65. Number of high school graduates compared with population 17 years of age: United States,

1869-70 to 1971-72 54

66. Percent of high rchool dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old, by race and sex: United

States, 1967 and 1972 54

67. Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State: 1971-72 . . 56

68. Summary statistics on the educational experience and personal aspirations of high school

seniors: United States, spring 1972 57

Income

69. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, by

source and by State: 1972-73 58

70. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local, and

other sources, by State: 1969-70 59

71. Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal, State, and local

sources: United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71 60

72. Results of public school bond elections: United States, 1957-58 to 1972-73 60

Expenditures

73. Estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by

State: 1972-73 61

74. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and

by State: 1969-70 62

75. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose:

United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71 63

76. Personal income, 1972, related to public school expenditures, by State: 1972-73 64

77. Estimated expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and

secondary day schools, by State: 1972-73 65

78. Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and

secondary schools: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73 65

79. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: United States and

outlying areas, 1920 to 1972 66

80. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscal

year 1972 66

Higher Education

Enrollment

81. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status and sex of student,

control of institution, and State: Fall 1972

82. Total and first-time degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State:

Fall 1972 and fall 1973

83. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by

State: Fall 1972

84. Selected statistics for the 60 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number of

students: United States, fail 1972

85. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State:

Fall 1970

86. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by type and control 01

institution: United States and outlying areas, fall 1960 and fall 1965

ix

68

69

70

71

72

73 .
87. Enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18-24:

United States, fall 1950 to fall 1972

88. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution: United

States, fall 1946 to fall 1973

89. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total

population and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1972 . . 90. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and control of

institution: United States, fall 1972

91. First-time enrollment In institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of

institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1973

92. Selected characteristics of finttime students in institutions of higher education: United

States, fall 1972

93. Residence and migration of college students taking work creditable toward a bachelor's or

higher degree, by State: Fall 1968

94. Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status,

and field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1971

95. Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States and outlying

areas, fall 1960 to fall 1970

96. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 yell of age: United States,

October 1971

97. Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level: United States and

outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1972

98. Total enrollment, fall 1972, and degrees conferred, 1970-71, in institutions attended

predominantly by black students: United States

99. Number of 2year institutions of higher education and enrollment, by control of institution

and by sex: United States, fall 1947 to fall 1972

100. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher

education: United States, 1869-70 to 1970-71

Page

74

74

75

76

76

78

79

80

81

81

82

82

83

84

Faculty and Other Professional Staff

101. Estimated full-time and part-time res lent instructional staff in institutions of higher

education, by academic rrnt:: United States, fall 1960 to 1973 85

102. Full-time and part-time teaching and research staff in institutions of higher education, by

academic rank and field: United States and outlying areas, fall 1968 85

103. Demographic and background characteristics of zollege faculty members, by type of

institution and by sex: United States, spring 1969 87

104. Professional background and academic activity of college faculty members, by type of

institution and by sex: United States, 1972-73 88

105. Numbe: and average salary of full-time instructional faculty on 9-10month contracts in

institutions of higher education, by type of institution, academic rank, and sex: United

States, 1972-73 89

106. Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank,

type of institution, and size of enrollment: United States, 1969-70 and 1971-72 . . . . 89

107. Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4year colleges and

universities: United States, 1959-60 to 1971-72 90

Institutions

108. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment: United

States, fall 1972

109. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State: Fall 1972

x

90

92
Page

110. Number of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State:

Fall 1972 93

Degrees

1 1 1 Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by

State: 1970-71 and 1971-72

112. Bachelor's, muter's, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by

sex of student and by field of study: United Slates, 1970-71

113. Fintprofeuionel degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student,

control of institution, and field of study: United States, 1970-71

114. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education: United States, 1869-70

to 1971-72

115. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree: United

States and outlying areas, 1948-49 to 1970-71

116. Number of first-professional degrees conferred In dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex:

United States, 1949-50 to 1970-71

117. Doctor's degrees conferred by 60 large Institut:Nu of higher education:

1961-62 to 1970-71

118. Male college graduates in the population, by field of highest degree: United States,

March 1967

119. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by

type of degree: United States, 1965-66 to 1970-71

120. Formal awards based on organized occupational curriculums at the technical or

semiprofessional level in institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum

and by sex of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1970-71

Income

121. Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by

source of revenue: United States, 1970-71

122. Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education from State and local governments

related to total currentfund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 1970-71 . . 123. Currentfund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by

State: 1969-70 and 1970-71

124. Income of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71

A 25. Private gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, by control of institution: United

States, 1959-60 to 1970-71

126. Estimated tuition and fees, and room and board rates, in institutions of higher education, by

typo and control of institution: United States, 1964-65 to 1974-75

127. Basic student charges by institutions of higher educaticr.4-.T tuition and fees, room, and

board, by control and type of institution: United States and outlying areas, 1971-72 . . .

94

95

99

100

100

100

101

102

102

103

105

106

107

108

109

110

110

Expenditures

128. Currentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose:

United States, 1970-71 111

129. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71 . . 111

130. Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher edu=tion, by control and by State:

1969-70 and 1970-71 112

131. Personal income, 1970, related to educational and general expenditures for higher

education and to educational and general funds received from State and local

governments, by State: 1970-71 113
Page

Property

132. Physical plant value per student in institutions of higher education, by control and by level:

United States, 1969-70 and 1970-71 114

133. Endowment funds per student in institutions of higher education, by control and by level:

United States, 1969-70 and 1970-71 114

134. Property of institutions of higher education: United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71 114

135. Student financial aid funds disbursed by institutions of higher education, by type of

program, control of institution, type of aid, and academic level of recipient; United States

and outlying areas, 1966-67 115

136. Selected &la for land-grant !nstitutions on students and finances: United States and outlying

areas, 1961-62 and 1971-72 116

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

137. Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fiscal years 1972 to 1974 . . 123

138. Federal funds for education and related activities: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967

and outlay for fiscal years 1968 to 1974 124

139. Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R. & D. plant: Fiscal years 1971,

1972, and 1973 126

140. Fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies: Expenditures and

number of participants, fiscal year 1972 127

141. Federal funds to State and local governments for elementary and secondary education, by

agency and by State: Fiscal year 1972 128

142. Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1974 129

143. Federal obligations to universities and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal year 1971 . 132

144. Federal funds obligateu by the Office of Education, by program area and by State: Fiscal

year 1972 133

145. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment, by program:

Fiscal year 1971 134

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

Employment Status and Job Opportunities

146. College enrollment and labor force status of 1972 high school graduates, by sex, color, and

marital status of women: United States, October 1972 136

147. Employment status of 1972 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of

1971-72 school dropouts, by sex, color, and marital status of women: United

States, October 1972 137

148. Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by year

of high school graduation, and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by sex:

United States, October 1972 138

149. Occupation group of employed degree recipients, by sex: United States, October 1971 . . 138

150. Relationship of work of degree recipients to major field of study, and reason for working in

a job not directly related to field: United States, October 1971 139

151. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of

study: United States, 1967 -68 to 1972-73 139

152. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for master's and doctor's degrees, by field

of study: United States, 1970-71 to 1972-73 140

xii
Page

International Education

153. United States college faculty abroati, by country and by field of interest: 1971-72 140

154. United States college students abroad, by country and by field of study: 1970-71 140

155. Enrollment of foreign students in institutions of higher education, by level and by State: Fall

1968 141

156. Number of foreign students enrolled in American Institutions of higher education, by area of

origin, major field of interest, and academic status: 1971-72 143

157. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of

origin: 1954-55 to 1971-72 144

158. Estimated population and enrollment, by level, in major areas of the world: 1969-70 . . 144

159. Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in selected countries of the

world: 1969-70 145

Libraries and Public Television

160. Broadcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing and by type of licensee,

geographic region, and budget size: United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1972 . . . 146

161. Rank order of public libraries with 1 million or more volumes in their collections: United

States, 1968 146

162. General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United

States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1968 147

163. Estimated number of librarians, by type of library in which employed and by sex: United

States, 1960 and 1970 147

164. Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of large university

libraries: 1971-72 148

165. General statistics of college and university libraries: United States and outlying areas,

1959-60, 1968-69, and 1970-71 149

166. Prices for hardcover, massmarket paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback

books, 1967-69 and 1972, and number of titles, 1972, by category: United States 149

167. Price index for hardcover, massmarket paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback

books, based on 1967-69 average p:ices, by category: United States, 1971 and 1972 . . . 150

168. Prices for periodicals and serial service, by subject area: United States, 1967-69,

1971, and 1972 150

Research and Development

169. Number and median annual salaries of scientists, by type of employer and by field: United

States, 1970 151

170. Financial support for educational research and development, by sponsoring agency: United

States, fiscal year 1968 152

171. Research and development funds related to the gross national product: United States, 1953

to 1972 152

172. Sources of funds used for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1973 152

173. Sources of funds used for basic research: United States, 1953 to 1973 152

174. Funds used in the performance of basic research, applied research, and development: United

States, 1973 153

Equal Educauonal Opportunity

175. Estimated percentages of white and black attendance in elementary and secondary schools,

by age of main building: United States, fall 1965

176. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary' and secondary

schools, by geographic area and by level of isolation: Fall 1968 and fall 1970

153

153
Page

177. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary

schools, by minority group and by level of isolation: United States, fall 1970 and

fall 1972 154

178. Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st and 12th-grade pupils, by racial and ethnic

group: United States, fall 1965 154

National Assessment of Educational Progress

179. National Assessment of Educational Progress in writing, by age and by selected charac

teristics of participants: United States, 1969

180. National Assessment of Educational Progress in citizenship, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1969

181. National Assessment of Educational Progress in science, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States. 1969

182. National Assessment of Educational Progress in reading, by age and by selected characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71

183. National Assessment of Educational Progress in literature, by age and by selected

characteristics of participants: United States, 1970-71

xiv

155

156

157

158

159
INTRODUCTION

A Statistical Look at American Education: Fall 1973

Education is today the major occupation of 62.2

million people in the United States. That figure, along

with the fact that more than $96 billion will be spent

by educational institutions this year, lends credence

to the contention that education is now the Nation's

largest enterprise. Included in the 62.2 million total

are 59 million students enrolled in our schools and

colleges, nearly 3 million teachers, and about 300,000

superintendents, principals, supervisors, and other

instructional staff members. This means that in a

nation with 210 million people about 3 out of every

10 persons are directly involved in the educational

process.

Total enrollment in regular educational programs

from kindergarten through the graduate school increased for 27 consecutive years before reaching an

alltime high of 59.7 million in the fall of 1971. The

small decreases which occurred in elementary school

enrollment in fall 1972 and fall 1973 reflect the fact

that there are now fewer children 5 to 13 years of age

than in the recent past. Enrollment is continuing to

rise at the high school and college levels.

The following percentages of the school-age population are estimated to be enrolled in school in the

fall of 1973: Of the 5-year-olds (the usual kindergarten age), 84 percent; 6- to 13-year-olds (grades 1

to 8), 99 percent; 14- to 17-year-olds (grades 9

to 12), 94 percent; and 18- to 24-year-olds (college

age), 26 percent. These percentages are derived from

data obtained in the annual fall surveys of the U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, and

reported in Current Population Reports, Series P-20.

Enrollment in degree-credit programs in colleges

and universities is estimated at 8.4 million this fall.

This represents an increase of about 1.3 percent over

the 8.3 million enrolled 1 year earlier. The figures for

both years exclude undergraduate college and university students in programs not creditable toward a

bachelor's degree as well as people attending other

postsecondary educational institutions.

1

Enrollment in public and nonpublic schools at the

secondary level (grades 9 to 12) is expected to total

about 15.5 million students this fall. This is a rise of

200,000, or about 1.2 percent, over the 15.3 million

enrolled a year ago. Enrollment in nonpublic sChoo!s

held steady at about 1.3 million, while the number of

public school students rose from 14.0 million last fall

to an estimated 14.2 million in 1973.

Enrollment at the elementary school level (kindergarten through the eighth grade) apparently declined

by about 1.8 percent from 35.7 million pupils last

year to a current estimated level of 35.1 million.

Nonpublic school enrollment is estimated at 3.6

million this fall compared with 3.7 million a year ago,

while public school enrollment is about 31.5 million

compared with 32.0 million last fall.

School enrollment in future years will be significantly influenced by trends in the birth rate. Data

from the National Center for Health Statistics, U.S.

Public Health Service, show that the number of live

births in this country attained an alltime high of 4.3

million in 1961. They then declined each year until

they reached 3.5 million in 1968. Small increases

occurred In 1969 and 1970, but in subsequent years

there have been substantial decreases. On the basis of

data for the first 9 months of this year, it appears

that fewer than 3.2 million children will be born in

the United States in 1973. This will be the smallest

number of births in any year since 1945, a development with major implications for educational

planning for the 1980's.

More immediately, the latest projections of the

Office of Education's National Center for Educational Statistics indicate that there will be small

annual reductions in elementary school enrollment

for the remainder of this decade reflecting the

decrease in the population aged 5 to 13 in the years

just ahead. Starting in 1976 and continuing for

several years thereafter, we can expect a tapering off

in enrollment at the high school level. A decrease in
the college-age population will become evident in the

early 1980's, though whether college enrollment will

also decline will be determined by emerging trends in

college attendance rates. At the present time the

percentage of young people attending college is down

slightly from the high levels attained in the late

1960's.

Currently, about 2,340,000 persons are employed

as classroom teachers in public and nonpublic elementary and secondary schools. This represents

practically no change from the number of persons

teaching a year ago. A small increase in secondary

school teachers this year will approximately offset a

slight decline in employment at the elementary

school level. More than 2.1 million persons are

teaching in public schools this fall, and an estimated

210,000 are in nonpublic schools. Approximately

1,260,000 are teaching in elementary schools and

1,080,000 in secondary schools.

Overall, the number of public school teachers is

growing at a somewhat faster rate than the number of

pupils. The remit is a continuing improvement in the

pupil-teacher ratio. This fall there are about 21.6

pupils per teacher as compared with 25.5 pupils for

each teacher 10 years ago. Moreover, a recent study

by the National Education kssociation indicates that

public school teachers today are better prepared

academically than were their predecessors. Only 3

percent of the teachers in 1971 did not have a

bachelor's degree, as compared with 15 percent in

1961. In 1971 more than 27 percent of the teachers

held a master's degree, compared with 23 percent 10

years earlier.

The average annual salary of instructional staff

members in public elementary and secondary schools

rose 5 percent last year over the preceding year, and a

similar increase is anticipated in 1973-74. Salaries

averaged about $10,600 in 1972-73 and are expected to approach $11,150 in 1973-74. The average

salary of classroom teachers is somewhat smaller: the

estimates for 1972-73 and 1973-74 are $10,100

and $10,600, respectively..

The number of instructional staff members in

colleges and universities has risen by about 10,000 in

the past year; bringing the current total to about

610,000. Faculties have expanded' at a rapid rate

during the past decade in an attempt to keep pace

with the gowing numbers of young people who are

seeking a college eduCation. Even so, the trend in

recent years has been toward larger classes and greater

utilization of graduate assistants in the classroom.

Preliminary data indicate that the average full-time

faculty member in institutions of higher education

earned about $13,800 in the academic year 1972-73.

Salaries in colleges and universities have been rising

about S percent annually in recent years. A similar

increase this year will bring the average salary to

about $14,500 for the academic year 1973-74.

More than 3 million persons graduated from high

school in 1973. The class of 1974 is expected to

exceed 3.1 million, which will make it the largest

graduating class in history. The size of these graduating classes reflects the high birth rate in the 1950's

and also the increasing tendency of young Americans

to remain in school at least until high school

graduation. About 75 percent of the young people

today finish high school, and about 43 percent of

them (or some 58 percent of the high school

graduates) can be expected to enter a degree-credit

program in a college or university. If present trends

continue, about 23 percent of the persons in 'their

late teens today can be expected to earn a bachelor's

degree, 7 percent a master's degree, and more than 1

percent a doctorate.

In a recent survey of the educational attainment of

the population, conducted in March 1972, the Bureau

of the Census found that the median number of

school years completed by young people 20 and 21

years of age was 12.8 years. Persons 45 to 54 had

completed a median of 123 yer_rs; persons 75 and

over, 8.6 years.

During the school year 1972-73, the number of

earned degrees conferred by colleges and universities

is estimated as follows: Bachelor's, 941,000; firstprofessional, 50,000; master's, 251,000; and doctor's,

34,000. In 1973-74 the comparable 'figures are

expected to be 958,000, 53,000, 263,000, and

39,000, respectively. In each case the estimates for

1973-74 represent alltime highs. In the past decade

the numbni'of bachelor's degrees conferred annually

has more than dotibled; the number of firstprofessional degrees has increased by 85 percent; and

the number of master's and doctor's degrees has

nearly tripled.

Expenditures for public and private education

from kindergarten through the graduate school are

estimated at $89.5 billion for the 1972-73 school

year, and preliminary estimates place the 1973-74

figure at $963 billion. Elementary and secondary

schools last year expended about $57.5 billion, and

institutions of higher education spent about $32.0

billion. Public schools and colleges spent an estimated

$73.3 billion, as compared with $16.2 billion for

nonpublic institutions.

Viewed in another context, the total expenditures

for education during 1972-73 amounted to 7.7
percent of the gross national product (GNP). The

percentage of GNP spent for education has been in a

rising trend for more than a quarter of a century. The

low point in modern times was reached in 1943-44,

in the midst of World War 11, when educational

expenditures dropped to 1.8 percent of the GNP.

The current expenditure per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary

schools has more than doubled in the past decade,

rising from $460 in 1963-64 to an estimated $1,100

in 1973-74. The largest item in the school budget is

teachers' salaries, and expenditure increases in recent

years reflect the efforts of local school systems to

provide more adequate compensation for their instructional staff members. The rise in expenditures

would be much smaller, of course, if allowance were

made for changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar.

The role of the Federal Government in providing

support to education at all levels continues to grow.

Whereas Federal grants amounted to $2.4 billion in

1964, in 1974 they are expected to reach $12.5

billion. Grants to higher education have quadrupled

during the past decade, and aid to elementary and

secondary education increased more than sixfold. The

largest percentage increase, however, is in grants for

vocational-technical and continuing education, which

is 12 times as great in 1974 as in 1964. This support

reflects the widely held view that more students

should be prepared for useful employment before

terminating their formal education.

Summing up, a number or recent developments in

American education give rise to an optimistic view of

the future. Young people today spend more years in

school than their parents and grandparents did. Most

of them graduate from high school, and many go on

to some form of higher education. There is an

increased emphasis on education for a career. There

are fewer pupils per teacher in public schools than in

earlier years, and the teachers tend to be better paid

than their predecessors. Efforts to support education

(both in terms of actual dollars and as a percentage of

the gross national product) have reached new peaks.

It appears that some progress is being made.
Figure 1.The structure of education In the United States

Pb. D. or

Advanced

Professional

Degree

Master's

Degree

Bachelor's

Degree

Associate

Degree or

Certificate

High School

Diploma

24

23

22

21

20

19

18

17

16

15

14

13

12

11

10

9

8
CHAPTER I

All Levels of Education

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a broad

overview of education in the United States from

kindergarten through the graduate school. It brings

together materials from elementary, Secondary, and

higher education to present a composite picture of

the American educational system. It contains tables

which show the total number of persons enrolled in

school, the number of teachers, the number of

schools, and total receipts and expenditures for

education at all levels. Statistics on educational

attainment, on illiteracy and school retention rates,

and on annual and lifetime income by years of school

completed are also included.

Figure 1 provides a graphic presentation of the

structure of education in the United States. At the

right side of the chart, the three levels of education

(elementary, secondary, and higher) are indicated,

and the approximate age of persons at each level is

given on the left. As the chart indicates, pupils

ordinarily spend from 6 to 8 years in the elementary

grades, and this is followed by 4 to 6 years of high

school: The entire 12-year program is normally

completed at the age of 17 or 18 years.

High school graduates may enter a junior college, a

technical institution, a 4-year college or university, or

a professional school. A junior college normally offers

the first 2 years of a standard 4-year college program

and a broad selection of tet urinal- vocational courses.

Academic courses completed at a junior college are

transferable for credit to 4-year colleges and universities. A technical institute offers postsecondary

5

technical training not leading to bachelor's or higher

degrees.

An associate degree requires at least 2 years of

college-level work, and a bachelor's degree normally

can be earned in 4 years. At least 1 year beyond the

bachelor's is necessary for a master's degree, while a

doctor's degree usually requires 3 or 4 years beyond

the baccalaureate.

Professional schools differ widely in their requirements for admission and the length of their programs.

Medical students, for example, must complete at least

3 years of premedical studies at a college or university

before they can enter the 4-year program at a medical

school. Engineering students, on the other hand, can

enter an engineering school immediately upon completion of a secondary school program.

Many of the statistics in this chapter are derived

from the annual and biennial surveys of the Office of

Education. When necessary, these survey data have

been supplemented by estimates prepared especially

for this volume in order to make the tables as useful

as possible. In addition, substantial contributions

have been made by statistics received from other

agencies, both governmental and nongovernmental, as

indicated in the source note at the end of the

altpropriate tables. The data obtained from the

Bureau of the Census surveys of educational attainment, governtaental finances, and school enrollment

by age, race, and sex are worthy of special mention

for the valuable information they provide.
Table 1.- Estimated enrollment In educational Institutions,

by lavol of Instruction and by type of control: United States,

fall 1972 and foN 19731

(In thousands(

Level of instruction end type of control Fall 1972 Fell 1973

1 2 3 Taal elementary, secondary, and Mello educatIon 59,329 MUM

Public 52,152 51,900

Nonpublic 7,177 7,080

Kindergarten -grade 12 Ireguler end other schools12 51,084 50,610

Rapier public schools 46,754 45,400

Ropier nonpublic schools 6,000 4,900

Other public schools 240 240 Other nonpublic schools 70 70 Kindergarten - -grade 0 !regular and other whools12 36,744 35,100

Regular public schoOts 31.844 31,300

Regular nonpublic schools 3,700 3,600

Other public schools 170 170 Other nonpublic schools 30 30 Grades 9-12 (regular and other schools)2 15,319 15,510

Regular public schools 13.909 14,100

Regular nonpublic schools 1,300 1,300

Other public schools 70 70 Other nonpublic schools 40 40 Higher education (total degree-credit enrollment in

universities, colleges, professional schools, teachers

colleges, and Junior colleges13 8,266 8,370 Public 6,158 6,200

Nonpublic 2,107 2,110

Undergreduere4 7,322 7,410 Graduate 943 960

I TM 1972 figurer for regular nonpublic end other elementary and secondary

schools, and all 1973 figures, are estimetes. Surveys of nonpublic elementary

and secondary schools have been conducted at less frequent intervals than those

of public schools and of Institutions of higher education. Consequently, the

rttImetes for nonpublic schools are less reliable than thaw for other types of

iiriMiutions. TM estimates for 1973 are derived from the increases expected

from population changes combined with the long-range trend in school

enrollment rates of the population.

2 "Regular" schools include schools which are a pet of State and load school

systems and also moat nonroflt-making nonpublic elementary and secondary

schools, both dwnhoffilisted and nonsectarian. "Other" schools include

subcolleglete departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools

for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, and Federal schools on

military poets and other Federal installations.

3 Excludes undergraduate students in occupational program which are not

ordinarily creditable toward a bachelor's degree. There were approximately

960,000 of thew non-degreacredit students in fall 1972.

. Includes students working toward first-professional degrees, such es M.D.,

D.D.S., LL.B., and B.D. Approximately 207,000 students were in this category

In fail NOTE.-Fall enrollment is usually smaller than school-year enrollment, since the

latter is a (simulative figure which includes students who enroll at any time during

the year. Because of rounding, detail may not add to touts.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day School:, Fall

1972; Fag Enrollment in lither Education, 1972; end estimates of the National

Center for Educational Statistics, Office of Education.

6

Table 2.- Enrollment In educational Institutions, by level of Instruction

and by type of control: United States, fall 1970

Level of instruction,

by typo of school All schools Publicly controlled

schools Privately controlled

schools

1 2 3 4 All levee (elermntary,

seeone.ery, higher) 68,137,843 51,630,663 7,499,180

e- Elementary and lecondary 51,592.503 46,181,503 5,431,000

Kindergarten-gods 8 38,848.140 32,765,140 4,083,000

Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 14,744,363 13,396,383 1,348,000

Higher education 7,545,340 6,477,160 2,068,180

Kindergarten 2,770,355 2,577,355 183,000

Regular I ' 2,749,880 2,658,880 2191,000

Subcollegiate departments of instilii

tlons of higher education3 6,000 5,000 1,000

Residential schools for exceptional children3 7,000 6,000 1,000 Federal schools for indient4 5,376 5,375 Federal schools on Federal installstions3 2,100: Grades 1:-8 34,077,785 30,187,786 3,890,000

Regular' 33,883,446 30,018,446 23,866,000.

Subcolleglate departments of Institu

dons of hioher education3 41,000 33.000' 8,000

Residential schools for exceptional children3 87,000 70,000 17,000 Federal schools for Indiens4 33,639 33,639 Federal schools on Federal installs. tions3 32,700 32,700

r Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 14.744,363 13,398,363 1,348,000

Regular( 14,646,762 13,331,762 21,314,000

Subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher education3 44,000 19,000 26,000

Residential schools for exceptional chIldten3 39,000 30,000 9,000 Federal schools for' Indisiis4 12,201 12,201 ..... Federal schools on Federal installstions3 3,400 3,400

Higher education:

Resident degree-credit enrollment . 7,645,340 5,477,160 2,068,180

Undergraduate and first - Professional 6,288,883 4,637,364 1,851.511 Graduate 900,032 605,925 294,107 Unclassified 356,425 233,871 122,554

I Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in nonpubl c schools

(church-affiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes subco Isolate departments of

Institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, and Federal %times. 2 tedudeseS. t 'metes for nonosporting schools. 4 Includes pupils enrolled at any time during school year 1970-71.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Heeith, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Public Ekmentery and Secondary Day Schools, Fall

1970; Statistics of Nonpublic Ekmensery and Secondary Schoolt,1970-71;1411

Enrollment In lligher Education, 1970; and unpublished data. U.S. Department of

the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Statistics Concerning Indian Education,

fiscal year 1971.
Table 3.-Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of adsorb United States, 1899-1900 to 6111970 Leval of instruction, by type of school 1899-1900 1909-10 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 Fall 1969 Fa111970

1 2.

. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All Mask (elementary, secondary. higher) 17.198941 19999,148 24,061.778 39,02,377 29,751.203 ,._ 31.319,271 46,227,620 58765,786 59.137943 Elementary and secondary 16961749 19943,933 23,463998 26,661,640 28,257,000 28,660,250 42,012,076 51923,691 51,592,503 Kindergarten-grade 8 16,261,846 18,528,535 20,963,722 23,739,840 21,127,021 22,207,241 32,412,266 37,111,390 36948,140 Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 699,403 1.115,398 2,500,176 4,811,800 7,129979 6,453,009 9,699,810 14,518,301 14,744,363 Higher education 237,592 365,215 597,880 1.100,737 1,494,203 2,559,021 13,215,544 7,136,075 7,545940 Kindergarten 225,384 346,1139 510,949 786,463 660,909 -- 1,175,312 2,293,492 2.821,213 2,770,355 Public2 131,657. 3293,970 481,286 723,443 594,647 1934.203 1,922,712 2,601,242 2,55800 Nonpublic2 93,737 352,219 29,683 54,456 57,341 4133,000 4354,000 5200,003 6191,000 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher educution (7) 17) (7) (7) 17) (7) 65951 513,000 56,000 Residential schools for exceptional children (7) (7) (7) 95,164 5,777 104,459 54,800 57,000 57,000 Federaischools for Indians (7) (7) (7) 3,400 3,144 3,650 3987 4,871 5,375 Federal schools on Federal installations (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) 2,142 52,100 52,100 Grades 1-8 16,036,452 18,182,346 20,452,773 22953,377 20,466,112 21,031,929. 30,118,774 34790,177 34977.785 Public2 14,8E2,202 16,604,821 18,897961 20,565,150 18737,451 18,362,603 25979,190 29905,626 30,018,446 Nonpublic2 1,147,188 1,506,218 1,455978 2,255,430 2,095,938 52,574777 54,28506 54,100,000 63,965,0013 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education 17) (7) (7) (7) 59,547 35,682 050,903 541,000 541,000 Residential schools for exceptional children 37.062 71307 1199.234 9124,153 55954 1045,584 959,400 982,000 582,000 Federal schools for Indians (7) (7) (7) 18,844 17,222 19,973 24,522 33,851 33,639 Federal schools on Federal installations (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) 19,063 532.700 532,700 Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 699,403 1,115,398 2,500,178 4,811900 7,129,979 6,453,009 9,599,810 14,618,301 14,744363 Public2 519,251 915,061 2,200,389 4,399,422 6,601,444 5,724921 8,484969 13,021,710 13,331,762 Nonpublic2 110,797 117,400 213,920 341,158 457,7E8 5672,362 51,035,247 51,400,000 61.314900 Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education 65.1355 78932 81.367 59,287 54,070 38,162 843,209 544,030 544,000 Residential schools for exceptional children 3,500 4,005 114,500 44,388 9,727 109,784 523,800 537900 538.000 Federal 'damn for Indians (7) (7) ;17) 7,545 6,970 8,060 11,685 12.191 12,201 Federal schools on Federal installations (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) (7) 1,000 53.400 53,00 Higher education: Resident degree-credit enrollment 237,592 355,215 597,880 1,100,737 1,494,203 2959,021 13,215,544 7,136,075 7,545340 Publicly controlled 90,689 166,560 315,382 532,647 796,531 1,354.902 11931.7E12 5.111937 5 ,477.160 Privately controlled 143,903 188955 282,498 568,090 997,672 1904,119 11 983,762 2,024,238 203.180 1 Data for first term of the acioderhic ynr. 2 Exclude' subcollegiate departments of uniatutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional chilcinon. and Federal schools. 3 Data for 1911-12. 4 Data from Bureau of the Census. 5 Estimated. 6 Includes estimates for nonreiporting school,. 7 Dots not araiistea. 11 Data for 1957 -58. 9 Data for 1928-27. 10 Data for 1945-46. 11 Data for 1917-18. SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statirtics of State School Systems; Pail Statistics of Public Schools; Meanies of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schook 1970-71; academic year and fall reports on enrollment in institutions of higher education; and unpublished data. US. Department of Commerce, Burgin of the C.anass,Current Population Reports, Series P20. US. Deportment of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs, StatisticsConcerning Intim Eduardo&
Table 4.-Percent of the population 3 wean old and over enrolled In school' by race, sex, and age:

United States, October 1972

Sex and age Total White Negro and other races Sex and tae Total White Nowt, end other men Total Negro Total Negro

1 2 3 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 BOTH SEXES 14 and 15 yaws 97.7 97,7 97,5 97.5 16 and 17 Van 902 90.4 IAA 85.9 Total, 3 years end OVW .. 31.4 (3) (2) 121 18 and 19 Wars 51,2 51.5 48.9 47.7 Total, 3 to 34 yews .... 54.9 54.4 841A 87.5 20 and 21 years 37.3 38.4 29.3 27.1 22 to 22 pen 21.3 21A 19,1 18.4 24.4 23.8

...."...........

3 and 4 years 27.7 29,3 25 to 29 wen 12,1 12.5 8,5 7.3 5 and 6 yaws 91.9 92.2 90.6 90.0 30 to 34 vows 5.8 5A 5,4 52

7 to 9 years 99,0 90.1 98,7 98,7 10 to 13yean 90.3 99.3 99,4 99.3 36 years and over 1.1 (2) (2) 12) 14 and 15 Years 97.6 97,6 97,7 97.4 15 end 17 years 88.9 68.0 89.1 89.5 FEMALE

le and 19 yews 46.3 46.6 44.8 42.9 20 end 21 yaws 31.4 32.8 23.8 329 Total, 3 yams and war . . 38.0 $2) 12) 13) 22 to 24 'pan 14.8 15.0 13.5 13.1 Total, 3 to 34 Wen .... 12.0 111.5 95A 114.9 26 to 29 years 8.6 8.7 7.4 6.5 30 to 34 years 4.0 4,5 5.9 5.9 3 and 4 years 24.4 243 25.3 34.5

6 and 6 yours 922 92.7 89.7 WA

33 years end over 1,1 (2) 121 (2) 7 to 9 yaws 99.1 803 98,5 99.0

10 to 13 yaws 99.4 99A 90.3 99.3 MALE 14 and 15 years 97.5 97.5 97.6 97.3

16 and 17 years 87.8 87.3 MA 90.1 Total. X years and over . . 34,0 (2) . (2) (21 le and 19 Yowl 41.8 41.9 41.1 38.7 Total. 3 to 34 yews .... 57.5 57.3 01.2 90.9 20 and 21 yeas 28.3 27.5 193 17.9 22 to 24 yews 8.9 921 9.0 9.5 3 and 4 yarn 24,4 29.4 30.0 32,1 25 to 29 yeas 6.3 9. 2.5 6.9 5 and 6 yes 91.7 91.7 915 90.6 30 to 34 yeas 3.6 3.2 0.0 6.6 7 to 9 Wen 96.9 98.9 96.6 99.4 10 to 13 years 902 99.2 99.5 99.4 35 years ond over 1.1 13) (2) 12)

l Includes enrollment In any type of graded public,

parochial, or other private school In the regular school ayttorti. Includes nursery schools,

tandems/tone, elementary schools, high schools,

epilogs*, universities, and prolesional school. Attendance may be on either a fulltims or part4ime

beets. and during the cloy or night. Enrolments In

' special" schools, such se trade schools or bother

colL04e, an not Included. Dan not meltable. NCrE.-Data are bawd upon a sample sunny of the

civil an noninstitutiond population.

500rICE: LIA. Deportment of Coninerce, Bursae of

the Con4u$, Csarent Population Reporge. Searle. P.10.

Table 5.- Percent of the population 5 to 34 yews old enrolled In Wood by 999: United Strew

October 1947 to October 1972 Year Total,

5 to 34

years 5 years' 8 yens' -7 to 9 yews 10 to 13years 14 end 15year 16 and 17

yews 18 and 19

years 20 to 24

yews 25 to 29year.

30 to 34 Veen

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 . 8 9 10 11 12 1947.... 42.3 63.4 96.2 98.4 98.8 91.8 67.6 24.3 10.2 3.0 1.0 1948.... 43.1 55.0 96.2 98.3 98.0 92.7 71.2 25.9 9.7 2.6 .9 1949.... 43.9 55.1 98.2 98.5 98.7 93.5 . 69.5 25.3 9.2 3.8 1.1 1950.... 44.2 51.8 97.0 982 98.8 94.7 71.3 29.4 9.0 3.0 .9 1961.... 45.4 532 96.0 99.0 99.2 94.8 75.1 28.3 8.3 2.5 .7 1952.... 48.8 57.8 96.8 98.7 98.9 96.2 73.4 28.7 9.6 2.6 1.2 1953.... 48.8 68.4 97.7 99.4 99.4 98.5 74.7 31.2 11.1 2.9 1.7 1954.... 50.0 57.7 982 99.2 99.6 95.8 78.0 32.4 11.2 4.1 1.5 1955 ... 509 68.1 98.2 99.2 99.2 959 774 31.5 11.1 4.2 1.5 1958.... 52.3 58.9 97.0 99.4 99.2 96,9 78.4 354 12.8 5.1 19

1957.... 53.8 80.2 97.4 99.5 99.5 97.1 80.5 34.9 14,0 6.5 12

1968.... 54.8 83.8 97.3 99.5 99.5 - 962 80.6 37.6 13.4 5.7 2.2 1959.... 55.5 62.9 97.5 99.4 99.4 97.5 82.9 38.8 12.7 5.1 2.2 1960.... 56.4 63.7 98.0 99.6 99.5 97.8 82.6 38.4 13.1 4.9 2.4 1961 .... 66.8 66.3 97.4 99.4 99.3 97.6 83.6 38.0 13.7 4.4 210 1962.... 57.8 68.8 97.9 99.2 99.3 98.0 84.3 41.8 15.8 6.0 2.8 1983.... 58.5 87.8 97.4 99.4 99.3 98.4 87.1 40.9 17.3 49 2.5 1964.... 58.7 88.5 98.2 99.0 99.0 98.6 87.7 41.6 18.8 5.2 2.8 1965.... 69.7 70.1 98.7 99.3 99.4 98.9 87.4 48.3 19.0 6.1 3.2 1988.... 60.0 72.8 97.6 99.3 99.3 98.8 8e.5 47.2 19.9 6.5 2.7 1987.... 60.2 75.0 98.4 99.4 99.1 98.2 88.8 47.6 22.0 6.8 4.0 1968.... 60.0 74.9 98.3 99.1 99.1 98.0 90.2 60.4 21.4 7.0 3.9 1969.... 60.0 78.2 98.2 99.3 99.1 98.1 89.7 50.2 23.0 7.9 4.8 1970.... .58.9 77.7 98.4 99.3 99.2 98.1 90.0 47.7 21.5 7.5 4.2 1971.... 58.5 82.5 98.4 99.1 99.2 98.6 90.2 49.2 21.9 8.0 4.9

1972 .... 66.8 83.5 £8.1 99.0 99.3 97.8 889 46.3 21.8 8.6 4.8

,--.

1 Includes children enrolled in kindergarten, but excludes those

enrolled In nursery schools.

NOTE.-Date are based upon sample surveys of the civilian

noninstitutionel population.

8

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Commerce Bureau of the Census,

Clorenr Population Reports, Series P.20; end U.S. Department of

Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, reports on

Prep./miry &wawa&
Table 8.-Percent of die population 3 to 34 years old enrolled In school, by ells end by Stew Spring 1970

State

Percent enrolled, by as

To*, 3

to 34 yews

3 and

4 yews

5 and

6 years

7 to

13 yews 14 and15 years 16 and 17 wren

18 and

19 yews

20 and

21 years

22 to

24 yeah

25 to

34 yews

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 .11 United Stews 54.3 12.6 72.4 97.3 95.9 99.3 58.8 30.7 14.6 6.1 Alebema 61.7 9.8 51.0 95.8 93.7 84.7 64,6 26.9 11.3 4,1 Alaska 46.9 13.9 77.2 962 95.3 86.0 39.0 9.7 6.8 5.2 Arizona 56.7 13.7 70.5 98.7 94.3 86.5 66.7 32.0 17.8 9.1 Arkansas 51.0 8.2 44A 95.5 94.1 84.7 61.9 27.3 10.3 3.6

Cellfani" 56.4 20.3 83.6 97.9 96.9 91.9 66.9 30.9 19.9 10.0 Cdoretio 66.6 18.1 78.0 97.9 97.3 91.2 60.3 33.6 16.8 7.8 Connecticut 57.3 19.0 87.3 98.4 98.0 92.7 65.0 37.3 15.5 8.6 Deltrwars 54A 15.9 78.6 97.8 98.7 90.7 66.8 25.8 10.5 5.7 District of Columbia 50.8 26.7 81.6 98.9 95,4 87.3 60.0 34.6 18.7 9.3 Florida 64.1 19.1 73.3 97.0 94.4 86.4 64.0 27.0 13.3 8.0

Georgia 48.9 11.2 699 98.0 93.6 81.7 47,2 21.6 9.9 3.9

Ninon 62.4 24.6 87.4 96.7 95.8 90.8 63.1 22.4 13.6 6.5

Idaho 56.6 5.3 56.7 98.7 95.3 91.6 63.5 32.0 16.1 5.7

Illinois 55.2 12.4 80.6 97.7 96.9 90.3 66.6 32.2 15.0 6.0

Indiana 54.0 8.8 70.6 97.6 98.8 88.2 66.3 30.9 13.4 5.2

Iowa 56.4 7A 73.7 97.1 96,3 91.3 62.2 37.1 143 4.9 Kamm 56.7 11.3 74.1 97.5 96.3 90.7 60.8 34.2 16.3 6.3 Kentucky 40.5 5.9 52.3 96.6 93.2 79.7 44.9 23.6 11.3 4.2 Louisiana 53.3 11.0 65.7 96.1 933 85.3 60.9 26.8 11 .4 4.3 Heine 54.8 8.0 74.1 96.6 94.4 90.6 80.5 31.1 10.5 3.6 Oftwiland 64.0 15.8 79.9 97.8 96.8 89.3 53.4 28.2 13.5 6.8 Marsachusstts 56.7 14.0 77.5 98.3 97.5 91.7 63.9 39.9 17.9 7.5

Michigan 56.7 10.2 81.6 98.0 97.4 90.9 56.9 32.2 15.7 6.7 Minnesota 67.2 8.5 73.2 98.2 97.5 95.1 62.6 ?A.9 16.5 5.5

Mississippi 53.8 13.2 60.4 94.7 92.3 83.3 54.8 27.4 10.8 3.6 Miesou 54.3 10.1 74.1 97.1 952 87.6 54.2 31.0 14.1 5.8 Monett% 57.1 5.8 59.4 97.5 96.8 92.4 63.7 38.7 17.9 6.8 Nebreake 57.3 10.1 77.4 97.4 95.8 92.6 64.0 38.8 17.2 5.8 New& 50.0 10.7 79A 96.7 P7.4 69.2 46.7 17.6 9.5 4.6 New Nemstehinis 62.8 8.0 68.1 96.5 95.3 87.2 603 34.6 12.2 4.4 New Jersey 55.5 14.2 81.1 98.1 97.1 82.1 68.0 30.8 13.1 6.8 New Mexico 58.0 10.2 63.1 96.8 94.9 88.8 66.8 27.6 6.8 7.5 New York 64.6 15.0 81.8 97.4 96.8 91.1 61.4 34.5 15.6 6.3 North Carolina 48.0 9.8 52.0 96.8 94.2 83.6 49.8 232 9.6 3A

North Dakota 57.7 4.3 58.0 97.0 95.9 92.9 68.3 38.4 15.4 5.4 Ohio 54.8 9.5 73A 97.8 97.0 91.6 67.0 31.1 13.6 4.9

Oklahoma 54.1 11.0 70.6 96.9 96.2 892 57.1 31.8 14.8 6.0

Oregon 58.2 11.3 66.5 97.7 97.2 92.8 81.7 37.0 19.3 7.9 Pennowluenill 56.4 10.7 78.7 97.6 96.7 81.4 55.3 31.7 12.8 5.1 Rhode island 53.5 14.3 82.3 97.9 96A 87.7 57.9 27.8 12.2 6.5 South Carolina 49.5 8.7 53.3 96.7 93.3 82.7 48.4 20.6 7.6 3.1 South Dakota 80.0 7.1 72.6 97.5 96.4 92.6 66.6 40.2 16.7 4.7 Tennessee 49.9 8.8 64.7 96.6 92.4 83.li 48.9 27.6 12.9 4.3 Texas 52.1 11.6 54.9 96.5 94.6 86.7 66.1 28.7 13.9 5.5 Utah 81.0 10.2 77.8 97.9 97.3 94.3 67.7 43.3 32.9 12.6 Vermont 54.8 8.9 89.0 96.7 94.9 90.1 64.4 40.9 12.8 3.9

Virginia 49.8 11.4 57.6 96.9 95.2 86.9 63.5 23.1 10.6 4.9

Washington 56.3 13.8 78.4 98.0 98.7 92.1 80.1 31.1 18.4 7.2 West Virginia 51.4 3.9 45.0 95.2 92.7 83.8 53.7 30.2 11.5 4.0 Wisconsin 67.5 9.1 76.8 98.3 97.1 94.0 61.6 38.3 15.9 6.5 Wyoming '55.6 6.9 67.1 97.2 96.7 91.4 81.1 33.4 15.8 6.3 SOURCE: US. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Celan of Population: 1970, Grieral $octal and Economic Characteristics, series PC1111-C1.
Table 7.-Porticdpants In adult education, by source

of inetruetion: United States, 1902 and 1972

Table 0.-Perticipaits In adult education, by tYP of PfdWilo:

United States, 1969 end 1972

Source of Instruction Participants

(In thouunds)

Percent change, 1989 to 1972 Type of program

Panic penes

(In thousands)

Percent change, 1989 1972 1060 1972 1960 to 1972

2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Teel

4yeer colleges and univenItles EmPloYell 2.per colleges and technical Inatiwassl Public elementary and secondwy

schools Community orionlastiorts

Private Weds, vocational, and

business schools' Other (labor unions, professional

associations, hospitals.

tutors)

Not reported

13,041 16,734 20.7 Total General education Occupational training

Community issues Personal family living Social re:Mallon*,

lessons Other not reported

13,041 15,734 20.7

2,831

2,274

1,650

1,970

1,654

1,604

2,552

54

3,387

2,613

2,581

2,200

1,998

1,393

3,380

153

14.9 85.2

11.7 28.4

31.7 81.4

3,663

5.818

1,202

1,580

1,552 672

4,074

7,310

1,545

2,209

1,896 534

14.7 25.7 28.5

39.8

22.1

-8.6

NO75.-06001 does not add to totals because some perticipanls enrolled In more

than one type of program.

SOURCES: U.B. Department of Health, Education. and Welfare, Office of

Education, Adtet Education Participants and Participation, 1949, Mill Report, and Adult Education Participants and Pariktpation, )972, Pull Report press). I Data for 1969 are for public senate only. Adjustment for private schools

In 1972 could result Ina chimp In 2Year colleges of 67.7 percent and In

private trade, vocational, and business schools of +0.3 percent.

NOTF.-Oatall does not add to totals because some perticIpano received

Instruction from MOO than one source. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of

Education, Adult Education PartIcipate and Participation, 1969, FUR

Report, and Adult Education Participate, and Participation, 1972 flat

Report tin press).

Table 9.-P:ink:Iwo in souk Wein education programs, by race or ethnic group,age,

and sex: United States and outlying areas, fiscol year 1972

Age indigo Total

Race or ethnic group American Others' Indian Negro! black Oriental

Spanishournerned Puerto Rican Mexican. American Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total 820,814 9,111 244,1115 27.066 43.558 56,776 115,528 323,800 Unclassified2 5,888 951 60 153 11 343 45 4,325 Classified 814,628 8,160 244,808 28,912 43,857 55,833 115,781 319,475

Man, total 359,319 3,511 97,581 7,906 21,230 25,649 53,755 149,705

Women, total . 455,307 4,649 147,047 19,004 22,627 30,184 82,026 169,770

16-24: Men 132,479 1,532 34,019 2,191 9,778 8,984 17,820 58,155 Women 143,086 1,801 45,941 4,870 8,204 8,255 19,035 55,160

25-34: Men 99,610 891 . 26,783 2,345 8,221 7,710 14,201 42,459 Women 123,431 1,325 37,795 6,823 7,251 8,936 16,198 46,104

36-44: Men 88,570 598 17,632 1,481 3,197 4,014 12,942 25,028

Women . 89,024 791 27,298 3,947 3,845 8,640 13,773 32,732

45-54: ' Men 35,597 276 11,348 783 1,341 2,883 5,592 13,575 Women 57,131 446 19,007 2,088 2,129 4,047 7,882 21,752

55-84: Men 18,476 130 5,400 462 478 952 2,112 6,941 Women 27,821 190 10,484 1,179 695 1,887 3,714 9,882

65 & over: Men 8,488 85 3,379 666 215 406 1,088 2,649 Women 14,834 96 8,544 1,297 503 610 1,644 4,140

I Not classified elleWhete in This table. 2 Age and sex not reported.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, Adult Basic Education Proaram Statistics, fiscal year 1972.

10
Table 10. -Numbs of bashes' In elementary and secondary schools, and Instructional staff numbers'

In Institutions of higher aducetiont UMW States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

1029-30 1931-40 111149-e0 1900-80 1970-71

Level of inetitution. by type of 001001 Men Warman Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 e a io 11 All levels 21827111 515,758 218,331 791,752 367,498 041,002 157,708 1,173,550 1,171,000 1,703,000

elementary and secondary schools 154,583 795,178 212,064 750,152 221,636 823,500 430,435 1,119,314 740,000 1,580.000

Iles entry schools lincludIne

kIndergertenslf 86,705 633,810 70,151 560,11180 511,407 607,258 124,536 628,986 195,720 1,082,2110 Public . 67,239 573,719 67,140 6011,060 52,925 536,653 117,618 718,156 181,120 950,990

Nonpublic 41,466 4110,101 3,017 61,800 75,482 170,005 76,950 7112,700 14,800 131,400

Seoondery schools (including

)unite, senior, junior.

senior, end regular high

echools17 112.859 152,406 131,394 192,023 1511,538 207,741 290,230 217,921 536,980 483,120 Public 74,532 138,774 126,337 173440 142,013 152,060 276,064 248,112 501.600 427,340

Nonpublic 45,157 413,631 11,647 15,693 116,493 125,891 124,195 731,719 35,220 35,790

MinglIMOUS elementary

and secondary schools:

Subcolleglate deport.

mints of colleges 1,564 1,261 1,068 1,153 3,031 2.785 3,973 5,739 3,000 3,900

Publicly controlled 330 246 524 369 1,447 1,851 2,222 3,936 1,700 2,800

Privately controlled 1,225 1,006 1,444 1,394 1,584 1,134 1,761 1,801 1,300 1,200 Residential schools for examitional children 61,578 66,571 71,107 74,599 11,148 84,771 Storig %mg 3,800 8,400 Federal schools for Indians 447 1.1 -.2 43B 947 7613 71,035 7758 71,180 800 1.400 -.... ......mr,

Highs education, 61,202 23,680 95,241 30,570 145,561 44,402 227,270 54,235 7431,000 7143,000

Publlcly controlled 26,401 12,901 36,702 14,311 118,482 21,345 118,835 27,705 7258,000 795,000

Mystery controlled 35,891 10,676 50,645 18,259 79,390 23.247 110,434 28,631 7148,000 746,000

I Number of torching positions: includes librarians and guidance end

psychological personnel when not separately reported; excludes supervisors

and principals. 2 Includes faculty for resident instruction In degreecredit (mums; excludes

faculty engaged In administration, research, extension Meg. etc.

3 Exdudga subcolleglate departments of Institutions of higher education,

residential schools for exceptional children, end Federal schools.

4 Data for 1927-28. 7 Estimated. 1 Data for 1926-27.

7 Distribution by we estimated. 8 Dete for 1045 -46. 9 ilegInning In 1959-e0, data are for the first term of the academic year.

NOTE. - Beginning In 1909 -80, Include. Alaska and Howell. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Off ice of

Education, B'an'al Survey of Edmonton In the United Sates. Statistics of

State School Systems. Faculty end Other Professional Staff In Institutions of

Mbar Educator'. and unpublished cleft.

Table 11.- Estimated number of classroom teachersIn elonientory and secondary schools, and total

instructional staff for resident cosines In Institutions of higher education: United States,

fall 1972 and fall 19731

(Full-time and parYtime teachers and staff)

Level of Instruction and type of control Fall 1972 Fall 1973 Level of Instruction and type of control Fell 1972 Fail 1973

1 2 3 1 2 3

Total elementary, secondary, and Public 1,132,000 1,120,000

higher education 2,929,000 2,943,080 Nonpublic 142,000 140,000 Public 2,522,000 2,538,000 Secondary classroom teachers In regular and other

Nonpublic 407.000 405.000 schools2 1.065.000 1,076,000

Elementary and mcondery classroom teachers in Public 961,000 1,002,000

regular and other schools2 2,329,000 2,336,000 Nonpublic 74,000 74,000 Public 2,113,000 2,122,000 Higher education instructional staff for

Nonpublic 218.000 214.000 resident courses (first term)3 600,000 607,000

Elementary classroom teachers in regular and Public 409,000 416.000

other schools2 1,274,000 1,260,000 Nonpublic 191,000 191,000

I The 1972 figures for nonpublic and other elementary and secondary schools

and for Institutions of higher education, and all 1973 figures. an estimates. Data for nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are not as complete as

those for public schools; consequently, the estimates for nonpublic schools are

not as reliable as those for public schools or for higher education. The estimates

for 1973 are derived from expected enrollment changes combined with the

longterm trend in pupileecher ratios. 2 he figures include elementary and secondary classroom leachers in regular

Koblic and nonnublk schools and other schools, such as Federal schools for

Indium, federally operated schools on posts. subcolleglete departments of Collagen, and residential schools for exceptional children. For 1972, the

numbers of such teachers are estimated as 12,000

nonpublic elementary schools; 4,000 In public

secondary schools. 3 Include+ fulitime and parttime staff with rank of

junior staff, such as graduate salstants, for instruction

SOURCES: Surreys and estimate' of the National

Statatics. Office of Education, U.S. Department of Welfare.

In public end 2,000 In

and 3,000 In nonpublic

11

Instructor or above, and

In resident courses. Center for Educational

Health, Education, and
Table 12. -Numb., of local bolo administrative units (school dIrtrIcb), and numb., of schools

by level and control, by kw: 1170-71

State .

Public school sys%rne Nonpublic schools InetItutione of

Aloha *duodena School districts Schools with

elornentery

grades only

Schools with

secondary

Vedas only2

- Combened elementsrY. secondary

schools Elernintwy SecondRY2 Public Privets

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 5 9

United States 17,596 384,020 323.$72 1,790 14,372 3,770 VIM 1,4117 Alabenw 124 548 257 661 197 78 29 Z

Alaska Arlsona

29 295

265

665 60

164 20

13 100 I

211

1 14 2

4 Arkansas 31111 006 445 56 14 10 11 California 1,070 5.543 1,425 1,234 333 112 117 Colorado 101 709 405 4 151 35 20 a Connecticut 100 902 215 259 96 19 25 Delawere 26 143 52 43 15 3 4

District of Wumble 1 135 50 1 49 33 3 17 Florida 87 1,337 503 60 364 116 34 a

Georgia 190 1,267 414 114 94 40 25 34

Myren 1 152 47 5 60 14 1 5

Idaho 115 365 180 7 35 6 6 4

Illinois 1.175 3,405 1,111 12 1,063 172 44 es

Indiana 319 1,601 641 66 373 61 5 39

IMO 457 1,362 704 254 48 15 36

Kamm 311 1,258 624 144 32 27 28

Kentucky 192 1,108 356 217 48 7 ZS

LOUilliline 66 890 320 200 322 106 12 11 Melne 290 748 146 2 71 36 2 14 Maryland 24 061 291 34 286 95 23 a

Messachusetts 431 1,915 515 67 477 193 29 00

Michigan 628 2,503 1,389 43 700 170 42 41 Minnesota 617 1,223 644 4 401 61 25 32

Mississippi 150 540 402 17 150 124 24 III Mieoouri 668 1,095 702 433 SO 22 47 Montana 741 (') 14) 49 14 9 3 Nebraska 1,865 1,619 396 151 46 11 16 Newt% 17 171 74 13 3 3 1 New Harmehim 168 364 104 SI 32 4 15 New Jersey 509 2,025 429 604 183 22 34 New Mexico 59 436 109 84 19 11 3

New York 760 3.147 1,061 . 163 1,475 420 74 145 North Carolina 152 1,450 451 116 142 53 62 45

North Dakota 411 549 276 48 12 9 3

Ohio 631 3,211 1,012 2 703 140 22 68

Oklahoma 665 1,204 733 48 12 24 12 Oregon 350 960 332 3 120 33 20 19 Pennsylvania SO 3.232 1,147 (5) 1,217 267 29 111 Rhode 'Mond 40 313 eo I lee 30 3 10 South Caroline 93 638 345 la 30 21 24 Sou% Dakota 286 797 224 75 15 7 I0

Tanners* 147 1,323 394 00 116 311 16 40

Texas 1,187 3,257 1,963 475 120 71 52 Utah 40 383 108 10 23 5 . 9 4

Vermont 277 367 60 9 35 19 5 12 Virgin% 134 1,289 442 67 206 50 25 33

Washington 321 1,158 496 39 191 63 27 12 Wan Virginia 56 1,035 340 43 15 11 11 Wisconsin 454 1.739 621 on a 33 30

Wyoming 131 286 110 1 15 1 11 U.S. Simko Sdiook ..... 7 Outlying ems: 1 American Samoa 1 27 4 14) 14) Canal Zone 1 21 5 (4) (4) 1 Guam I 25 8 (4) (4) 1 Puerto Rico 1 1.643 236 202 14) (4) 1 4

Virgin islands I n 5 I (4) 141 I

5 Includes univerdtlee, liberal am colleges, teachers colleges

and other keeper:dent professional schools, end Junior

colleges.

2 includes regular 4yeer high schoois. Junior high schools,

senior high whores, and Junior-senior high schools.

3 Includes minutes for the nonrePteling Sus. 4 Data not available.

12

Included in column 4. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welton, Offiee of Education, Staltries of 1140114. &kook

Fag 1970 and Fa 1971: unpublished data from the Weft of Nonpublic Eternimery and Secondary Education, 1970-71:and AS Soiroewerit be 1110er 11101w1144. 1970.
School Retention

A new computation of school retention rates by

the Office of Education indicates that young people

today stay in school lOnger than their predecessors

did a decade ago. As the accompanying chart shows,

about 97 percent of the 5th graders in the fall of

1964 reached the 9th grade, 87 percent got as far as

the 11th grade, and 75 percent received a high school

diploma in 1972. The proportion of young people

who grades fed from high school rose from about

two-thirds in 1962 to three-fourths in the graduating

class of 1972.

College attendance rates are also higher today than

they were in the early 1960's. Currently, about 43

percent of the young adults (or close to 58 percent of

the recent high school graduates) enter a degree-credit

program in a college or university. A decade ago

slightly over one-third of the appropriate age group

entered college. Approximately 23 percent of the

persons in their late teens in 1972 can be expected to

graduate from college with a bachelor's degree. Ten

years ago slightly more than one young person in six

went on to earn a 4year degree.

The Office of Education bases its school retention

rates on fifth-grade enrollment because the high rate

of retardation in the catty elementary grades tends to

inflate the enrollment figures for these grades.

Fifth-grade enrollment is regarded as a better met .ure

of the number of persons entering the first grade for

the first time 4 years earlier than is total first-grade

enrollment for that year.

Compulsory attendance laws keep virtually all

children in school at least until the fifth grade.

Retention rates are based on enrollment in public

elementary and secondary schools and are adjusted to

include estimates for nonpublic schools. The

computations include all college students, full time

and part time, who are enrolled in programs

creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

For trends in school retention rates over the past

40 years, the reader may consult table 13 of this

report.

W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

13

Rates

FOR EVERY 10 PUPILS IN THE 5th G RADS IN FALL 1964

Mt* ***Mt

9.7 ENTERED THE 9th GRADE IN FALL 1966

titAl

11.7 ENTERED Tii; filth GRADE IN FALL 1970

Mt MI

7.5 GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL IN 1972

444

4.3 ENTERED COLLEGE IN FALL 1972

2.3 ARE LIKELY TO EARN BACHELOR'S DEGREES IN 1978

Figure 2.Estimated retention rates, fifth grade

through college graduation: United Stles,

1964 to 1976

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Office of Education, Digest of Educational Statistics, Table 13.
Toble11-Estitnated Mention rates,1 5th grads through college entrance, In public

and nonpublic schools: United States, 1924-32 to 1964-72

School year pupils

entered 5th grade

Retention per .000 pupil' who entered 5th grade High school graduation Firsttime

college

students 5thgad*

1361 grade 7th

swede 8thlade

9th

grade 10th

grade 11thgrade 12thgrade Number Year of

graduation

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1924 -26 1.000 911' 798 741 812 470 384

.344 302

.. 1932 118 1928-27 1,000 919 824 754 677 552 453 400 333' 1934 129 1928-29 1,000 939 847 805 736 624 498 432 378 1938 137 ,

1930-31 1.000 943 872 824 770 852 629 483 411 1938' 148 1932-33 1,000 935' 899 831 788 664 570 510 455 1940 160

. . 1934-35 1,000 953 892 842 803 711 610 512 .467 1942 .. 129

1938-37 1,000 954 895 849 838 704 554 425 393 1944 121 1938-39 1.000 955 908 853 796 655' 532 444 419 1940 '12) 1940--41 1,000 968 910 836 781 697 568 507 481 1948 12)

1942-43 1.000 954. 909 947 807 713 604 539 505 1950 205

1944-45 1,000 952 , 019 858 948 748 650 , 549, 522 1962 234 1948-47 1,000 954 945 919 872 776 641 583 553 1954 "283

1948-49 1,000 984 958 929 883 795 706 619 .' 581 , 1966 . 301 1960-51 1.0130 981 968 921 886 809 709 832 582 ., .. 1958 308 1962-53 1,000 974 985 938 904. 835 '748 667 821 ' 1960 328

1954 -56 1.000 960 979 948 915, 856 759 684 . 642: 1982 343

1956-57 1,000 986 984 948 930 871 790 728 676 1964 382 Fell 1958 1,000 983 979. 981 946 908 842 761 732 1966 . 384 Fell 1960 1,000 980 973 967 952 913 858 787 749 1968 452 Fell 1962 1,000 987 077 967 959 928 880 790. . 750 1970, . 481 Fell 1L.4 1,000 988 985 976 975 942 855 791 375o ion 3433

1 P,2t.: for the 6th grade through high school graduation are

bawd on emonments In sueeestive grades in successive

Yaw in public elementary and secondary schools and are

adjusted to Include attirnates for nonpublic schools. Rates

for first-time college enrollment Include full-time and

partlme students enrolled in programs aediteble toward

bachelor's degree. 2 Date not available. 3 Subject to revision when, final data become available.

NOTE.-Beginning with the ciao In the 5th grade n 1958,

data are based on fall enrollment and exclude ungraded

pupils. The net effect of these changes Is to Maisie high

school graduation and college entrance rates slightly.

SOURCES: US. Department of ,Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Bic nn lel Survey of Education

to the United States, chapters on "Strittial Summary of

Education"; and unpublished data available In the Off Ica of Education.

Table 14. -heel of school completed by penons25 yews old end over end 25 to 29 years old,

by colon Unfold Stare,1910 to 1973

Color. MP, 4130 013"

Percent, by lerel of

itehool comPleMd Median

school yews mm- Meted

V Color, ege, and date Percent, by WV of school completed Median

school years com

P141631 Las than

5 Yaws Of Homo- very school

4 yews. of 01411 school or now

4 Or mon Vera of college

Less than 5 years of Hamm. pry school

4 won

of hIgh

school or mom

4 Orinoco

years of college

. I 2 3 4 ri 1 ' 2 4 5

isrf ITE AND NO 42041TE

26 veers °Mend osier: 25 to 29 wars old: 19101 23.9 13.5 2.7 8.1 19201 122 22.0 4.5 8.5

19201 22.0 16.4 3.3 8.2 April 1940 3.4 41.2 314 10.7

19301 17.5 19.1 38 8.4 April 19130 3.2 552 8.1 12.2 Aoril 1940 13.5 24.1 4.6 82 April 1960 2.2 63.7 11.8 12.3 April 1960 1043 33.4 6.0 9.3 March 1970 .9 772 17.3 April Iwo 8.3 41.1 7.7 10.5 Maros 1972 .0 81.5 192 12.7 Meech 1970 5.3 55.2 11.0 12.2 March 1973 .9 82.0 '19.9 12.7 March 1972 4.6 58.2 12.0 12.2 March 1973 4.5 592 122 12.3 NONWHITE

25 to 29 yews ad: 25 years old and oar: Aped 1940 58 37.13 5.8 10.4 April 1940 418 7.7 1.3 5.7 April 1950 48 51.7 7.7 12.1 April 1950 31A 13,4 22 68

Arxil 1960 22 60,7 11.1 12.3 April 1960 23.5 21.7 3.6 8.2 March 1970 ..... ...... .. - . 1.1.- _ ..75A_. .. 16.4 . 10.1 Mord+ 1572 2 792 19.0 12.7 March 1972 128 39.1 62 10.5 March 1973 1.0 80.2 19.0 12.7 March 1973 12.0 42.8 8.1 10.9 WHITE 25 to 29 yews old: 19201 44.6 6,3 12 5.4 26 yews Wand ow: April 1240 26.7 12.1 1.6 7.1 April 1940 10.9 215.1 42 8.7 April 1900 15,4 23.4 2.8 8,7 April 1950 8.7 35.5 6.4 9,7 April 1960 7.2 38.6 5.4 108 April 19631 6.7 432 8.1 10.8 March 1970 2.2 58.4 10.0 12.2 Minch 1970 4,2 57.4 11.8 122 March 1972 12 86.6 11.8 12.4 March 1972 3.7 60.4 12.6 12.3 March 1973 1.5 66.9 12.1 12.4 March 1973 3.6 6163 13.1 12.3

I estimem Weld on mbolection of 1940 census data on education by age. HOTS. -Prior to 1940, den seclude Alaske end Hevoli.

14

SOURCES: US, Clepertment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census 1960 Cams of Popoktlon. Vol. 1, Pars Clownst ?orator( on Room. 891149 940: Wee 9.19, No. 4: and 1900 Canons Monote142, Erwwldrm of OH Awwww, pomaation, by 40N-1 K. Foifpf and Charge 11. Nam.
Table 16.-Medlan school years completed by persons 25 yaws old and over, by see, race, and State: 1970

State Total

population,

25 years old and

over

Man Women Total White Negro Parsons of Spanish

heritage

Total White Negro Persons of Spanish

heritage

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 United States 12.1 12.1 12.1 9.4 9.9 12.1 12.1 10.0 9.4 Alabama 10.8 10.7 11.6 7.4 12.8 10.9 11.8 8.5 12.6 Alaska 12.4 12.5 12.8 12.3 12.6 12,4 12.6 12.3 12.5 Arizona 12.3 12.3 12.3 9.4 9.3 12.2 12.3 9.9 8.8 Arkansas 10.6 10.2 10.8 7.1 12,2 10.7 11.3 8.3 12.1 California 12.4 12.4 12.5 11.9 10.8 12.3 12.4 12.0 10.4 Colorado 12.4 12.4 12.4 12.2 10.0 12.4 12.4 12.2 9.8 Connecticut 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.5 10.4 12.2 12.2 11.0 9.8 Delaware 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.6 12,3 12.1 12.2 10.2 12.1 District of Columbia 12.2 12.2 15.1 11.1 13.4 12.2 12.8 11.6 12.4 Florida 12.1 12.1 12.2 8.3 11.9 12.1 12.2 9.2 10A

Georgia 10.8 10.8 11,6 7.3 12.9 10.8 11.6 8.3 12.6 HIIMil 12.3 12.3 12.7 12.5 12.0 12.3 12.8 12.7 11.5

Idaho 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.1 8.8 12.3 12.3 12.0 9.0

Illinois 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.5 9.4 12.1 12.1 10. 9.0

Indiana 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.2 10.6 12.1 12.1 10 10.6

tows 12.2 12.2 12.1 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.0 12.1 Kansas 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.7 11.2 12.3 12.3 11.0 10.7 Kentucky 9.9 9.5 9.6 8.9 12.7 10.3 10.3 9.7 12.8

Louisiana 10.8 10.7 12.0 7.4 12.2 10.8 11,9 8.3 12.0 Maine 12.1 12.1 12.1 122 12,9 12.2 122 12.3 12.6 Maryland 12.1 12.1 12.3 9.5 13.1 12.1 12.2 10.3 12.6 Massachusetts 12.2 12.2 12.2 11.6 12.1 12.2 12.3 11.7 11.4 Michigan 12.1 12.0 12.1 10.2 10.4 12.1 12.2 10.9 10.7 Minnesota 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.1 12.3 12.3 12.3 12.0 12.2 Mississippi 10.7 10.4 12.1 6.5 12.7 10.9 12.1 8.1 12.4 Missouri 11.8 11.7 12.0 9.7 12.3 11.8 12.0 10.3 12.1 Montana 12.3 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.4 12.3 12.4 12.2 12.0 Nebraska 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.8 10.8 12.3 12.3 11.4 11.3 Nevada 12.4 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.1 12.4 12.4 10.7 12.0 New Hampshire 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.7 12.2 12.2 12.5 12.4 New Jersey 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.2 8.4 12.1 12.1 10.7 8.0 New Mexico 12.2 12.2 12.3 11.2 9.8 12.1 12.2 10.6 9.6 New York 12.1 12.1 12.2 10.8 8.8 12.1 12.1 10.9 8.3 North Carolina 10.6 10.3 10.8 7.9 12.8 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.5 North Dakota 12.0 10.8 10.9 12.8 12.6 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.3 Ohio 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.3 11.3 12.1 12.1 10.8 11.2 Oklahoma 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.4 11.7 Oregon 12.3 12.3 12.3 10.8 12.1 12.3 12.3 11.4 12.0 Pennsylvania 12.0 11.9 12.0 10.1 8.2 12.0 12.1 19.9 7.6 Rhode Island 11.5 11.5 11.6 10.8 12.2 11.6 11.6 10.8 11.8 South Carolina 10.5 10.3 11.4 7.1 12.8 10.6 11.4 8.1 12.6 South Dakota 12.1 11.5 11.0 12.3 11.9 12.2 12.3 12.3 11.9

Tennessee 10.6 10.4 10.9 8.4 12.9 10.8 11.2 9.0 12.6

Texas 11.6 11.7 12.0 9.3 7.6 11.6 11.9 10.0 7.0 Utah 12.5 12.6 12.6 11.7 10.7 12.4 12.4 11.3 10.6 Vermont 12.2 12.1 12.1 12.4 12.6 12.3 12.3 12.2 12.6 Virginia 11.7 11.4 12.1 8.0 13.0 11.8 12.1 9.0 12.6 Washington 12.4 12.4 1'2.4 12.0 12.0 12.4 12.4 11.6 11.9 West Virginia 10.6 10.3 10.3 8.9 12.3 10.8 10.8 10.0 12.2

INisct..in 12.1 12.1 12.1 10.0 10.2 12.2 12.2 10.7 10.7 Wyoming 12.4 12.3 12.3 11.3 9.0 12.4 12.4 11.0 9.5

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970, General Social and Economic Characteristic:. Series PC111-C.

15
Table 16. -Van of school completed by persona 26 yaws old and own, by State: 1970

ens. Number of pawns 25

VMS old

and oar

Percentage distribution, by yin of school completed

1 United Stoles Alabama Alaska Arizona

Adams

California

Colorado

Connecticut Delaware District of Columbia

Florida

Owe

Ham, I Moho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa Kansas Kentucky Lo sisiana Maine Mary Maseschtteetts eadmlin Minnesota Miaissippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada Now lienaddre

New array New Mexico Nay York

North Carolina

North Dakota

Ohio

Oklahoma

Oregon

Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina

South Oakots Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont

Virginia

Wallington

Wan Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Must1,908296

134,948

915,737

1,067,512

10.675,983

1,141,138

1,885,698

287,395

423,061

3,967,881

2,356,810

364,843

368,912

6,089,328

2,748,414

1,540,586

1225,988

1,713,298

1,909,914

537,823

2,062,549

3,142,463

4,594,461

1,990,387

1,111,789

2,802,279

364,508

804,623

265,069

397,681

4,068.806

489,623

10,418,555

2,646,272

318,339

5,700,317

1,422,680

1,156,024

6,689,938

524,082

1,283,837

349,497

2,127,946

5,817,156

492,337

232.643

2,448,082

1,825,888

980,436

2,329,798

176,649

Total

No

school yam

completed

Elementary school High school College

1 a 4

yaws 5 or 6 vim

7 yam

8' years 1 to 3

yeas 4years 1 to 3years 4yews 5 or moreyews 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 100.0 1.6 3.11 5.7 4.4 12.9 19.4 31.1 10.6 6.1 4.6

100.0 2.4 8.3 10.7 6.5 8.9 21.9 25.9 7.6 5.1 2,7

100.0 2.6 3.4 3.1 2.3 7.1 14.9 37.7 14.9 7.8 6.4 100.0 2.5 3.8 4.6 3.2 11.0 17.1 31.6 13.9 8.7 5.9 100.0 2.1 8.4 8.9 6.6 15.2 13.9 26.8 7.8 4,2 2.5 100.0 1.5 2.8 4.0 2.7 8.8 17.8 32.8 16.4 7.0 8.5

100.0 1.0 2.2 3.1 2.7. 11.1 16.1 34.4 14.8 8.6 8.4 100.0 1.8 2.6 4.8 4.1 12.9 17.9 31.7 10.7 7.8 5.9 100.0 1.2 2.6 4.9 4.1 10.5 22.1 31.7 9.8 7.5 6.6 100.0 1.2 4.1* 6.3 4.6 7.7 20.9 28.2 11.2 8.1 9.7

100.0 1.6 4.3 8.4 4.1 11.4 19.6 30.7 11.6 8.3 4.0

100.0 2.2 8.9 9.3 7.5 8.4 23.2 22.4 9.0 6.1 3.2 100.0 3.0 6.3 5.8 2.5 8.2 13.3 35.9 12.0 7.7 0.3

100.0 .7 1.6 2.6 2.8 14.3 18.7 34.8 15.0 8.2 3.8

100.0 1.2 2,9 4.8 3.7 16.2 18.8 31.9 10.4 6.0 4.3

100.0 .9 2.3 4.1 3.9 16.4 20.5 385 8.6 4.6 3.9 100.0 .6 1.3 2.7 3.0 18.6 15.0 38.7 11.1 6.6 3.6

100.0 .7 1.8 2.8 3.1 16.1 15.8 36.8 12.7 6.6 4.8

100.0 1.7 7.7 8.3 6.9 21.2 16.8 24.1 7.2 4.2 3.0

100.0 3.9 9.2 10.3 6.4 8.7 19.2 24.7 b.6 0.5 3.6 100.0 .9. 1.9 4.0 3.6 16.0 19.8 36.1 11.2 5.5 2.9 100.0 1.1 3.5 7.1 8.1 9.7 20.3 28.5 9.9 7.4 6.6

100.0 1.9 2.3 4.8 3.8 9.9 18.9 34.9 11.0 6.8 5.7 100.0 1.1 2.6 4.1 3.7 13.5 22.1 33.7 9.7 6.1 4,3

100.0 .7 1.7 3.2 3.5 19.4 14.0 34.6 12.0 6.6 4.6

100.0 2.7 9.7 9.3 5.3 11.7 20.3 23.9 9.0 6.4 2.7 100.0 .9 3.4 4.9 4.8 20.0 17.4 30.6 9.3 5.2 3.8 100.0 .9 2.0 3.1 3.1 16.2 16.7 34.0 14.1 8.9 4.1 100.0 .7 1.7 2.8 2.8 17.3 15.4 37.2 12.4 5.7 3.9 100.0 .6 1.6 2.5 1.9 8.7 19.6 38.9 15.5 6.3 4.6

100.0 .9 1.4 3.5 3.4 15.3 17.8 34.4 12.3 6.9 3.9 100.0 1.8 3.1 5.8 4.4 13.1 19.5 31.8 8.8 7.0 4.9

100.0 3.3 . 5.6 5.6 3.7 9.4 17.1 30.0 12.6 6.8 6.0

100.0 2.2 3.1 5.8 3.9 13.0 19.4 31.2' 9.8 6.2 5.6

100.0 2.0 8.0 9.8 8,5 8.8 24.4 21.7 8.4 6.5 2.9 100.0 1.0 3.1 4.5 4.4 26.7 11.0 27.6 14.3 6.2 3.2 100.0 1.0 2.6 4.6 3.7 13.4 21.6 35.3 8.7 6.3 4.0

100.0 1.2 4.4 5.13 4.7 13.5 18.9 30.0 11.8 6.8 4.3

100.0 .7 1.6 2.8 3.2 13.2 18.5 35.0 13.3 6.4 5.4 100.0 1.4 2.8 5.7 4.5 14.7 20.6 34.5 7.0 5.1 3.7 100.0 2.2 3.2 8.3 5.6 12.9 23.6 29.0 8.0 5.4 4.0

100.0 2.6 9.6 10.0 7.3 8.7 24.1 20.6 8.3 6.2 2.7 100.0 .6 2.1 3.2 3.2 24.8 12.8 31.2 13.6 5.3 3.3

100.0 1.7 7.8 8.7 5.7 18.1 18.3 25.7 8.2 4.9 3.0

100.0 3.0 6.3 7.4 6.4 n.2 22.4 25.1 11.4 8.4 4.6

100.0 .9 1.1 2.0 2.0 7.6 19.2 35.9 17.4 7.6 6.4 100.0 .8 1.5 3.3 3.2 17.6 16.7 33.0 12.6 7.0 4.6

100.0 1.6 6.0 8.3 8.7 7.6 20.0 25.2 10.3 7.2 5.1 100.0 .7 1.6 2.6 2.8 11.4 17.6 38.2 14.6 6.7 8.1 100.0 1.6 5.8 8.8 5.6 19.1 17.6 27.6 7.3 4.0 2.8 100.0 .9 2.3 4.0 3.7 18.9 16.7 34.8 9.9 5.8 4.0

100.0 .0 1.8 2.7 2A 12.4 17.1 38.2 14.8 7.2 4.6 NOTE.-Beceure of iounding. percentages may not add to 100.0.

COURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Population: 1970, General Soda! and Economic Oiaracteddics, Sena PC(1)-C1.

16
Illiteracy in the

The illiteracy rate in the United States was cut in

half during the 1960's, according to a recent sample

survey conducted by the Bureau of the Census. The

new data indicate that in November 1969 only 1.0

percent of the population 14 years of age and over

were unable to read and write a simple message in

English or in some other language. A similar survey

conducted in March 1959 found that 22 percent of

the persons in the same age group were illiterate.

The Bureau of the Census has collected statistics

on illiteracy since 1840, but the figures for 1840,

1850, and 1860 are not regarded as comparable with

those for subsequent years. Reasonable comparability

has been maintained since the census of 1870. The.,

data show that 100 years ago illiterates constituted

20 percent of the population. In other words, the

proportion of illiterates was 20 times as great in 1870

as it is today (see the accompanying chart). Each

generation tends to spend more years in school than

the generation, that preceded it, and illiteracy declines

as the older people in the population are replaced by

younger ones.

Traditionally, the illiteracy rate has been higher

for men than for women, but in 1969 the difference

was negligible: 1.1 percent of the men and 1.0

United States

percent of the women, were classified as illiterate.

This may be attributed in part to the fact that women

live longer than men, and illiterates are more likely to

be found in the older age groups.

The census surveys have consistently found that

the inability to read and write is more prevalent

among Negroes than among the white population, In

1870, for example, 79.9 percent of the nonwhite

population were illiterate as compared with 113

percent of the white. In 1900, the comparable

percentages were 44.5 and 62, respectively. In recent

years, however, dramatic strides have been made

toward the eradication of illiteracy among all

Americans. The illiteracy rates in 1969. were

0.7 percent for whites and 3.6 percent for blacks.

For additional information the reader may wish to

consult the Bureau of the Census publication,

Illiteracy in the United States: November 1969

(Current Population Reports, Series P.20, No. 217).

The report may be obtained for 15 cents from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

Figure 3.Percent of Illiteracy in the population, by race:

United States, 1870 to 1969

0

1870 1900

1 Data for 1969 are for blacks only.

NOTE.Data for 1870 to 1930 are for the population 10 years old and over; data for

1959 and 1969 are for the population 14 years old and over.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Com:rxrce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population

Reports, Series P-20, No. 217.

1930 1959 1969

17
Table 17.-Illitarecy of the population, by State: 1900, 1930, and 1960

State Number Minnie' 19601 Percent Illiterate

19801 1930 1900

1 2 3 4 5 United States 3,066,000 2.4 4.8 11.3 Alabama 93,000 4.2 14.0 35.1 Alaska 5,000 3.0 20 6 40.6 Arizona 33,000 3.8 11,0 30,0 Arkansas 46,000 3.6 7.6 21,3

California 203,000 1,8 2.8 5,3 Colorado 15,000 1.3 3,1 4.5

Connecticut 41,000 2,2 5.1 6,5 Delaware 6,000 1.9 4.4 13,2

District of Columbia 11,000 1.9 1.7 9,4 Florida 92,000 2.6 7.7 23.4 Georgia 120,000 4.6 10.4 32,1 Hawaii 21,000 5.0 17,5 36.2

Idaho 4,000 .8 1.2 6.1

Illinois 128,000 1.8 2.7 4.8

Indiana 40,000 1.2 1.8 5.2

Iowa 14,000 .7 .9 2.7 Kansas 14,000 .9 1.4 3,3

Kentucky 70,000 3,3 7.3 18.1 Louisiana 137,000 6.3 15.1 39.6 Maine 9,000 1.3 3.0 5,5

Maryland 41,000 1.9 4.2 12.1 Massachusetts 83,000 2.2 4.0 6.5 Michigan 84,000 1,6 2.2 4.8 Minnesota 23,000 1,0 1.4 4.6 Mississippi 71,000 4.9 14.3 44.1 Missouri 62,000 1.7 2.5 7.0 Montana 5,000 1.0 1.9 6.6 Nebraska 9,000 .9 1.3 2.8 Nevada 2,000 1.1 4.8 13.8 New Hampshire 6,000 1A 3.0 8.7 New Jersey 99,000 2.2 4.3 6.5 New Mask° 24,000 4.0 14.9 35.7 New York 365,000 2.9 4.1 6.1 North Carolina 125,000 4.0 11.6 30.1 North Dakota 6,000 11 1.7 6.1 Ohio 99,000 1.5 2.5 4.6 Oklahoma 32,000 1.9 3.1 11.7 Oregon 10,000 .8 1.1 3.7 Pennsylvania 168,000 2.0 3.6 6.9 Rhode Island 15,000 2.4 6.6 9.2 South Carolina 87,000 5.5 16.7 37.4 South Dakota 4,000 .9 1.4 5.8

Tennessee 1, 33,000 3.5 8,0 21.9 Texas 272,000 4.1 7,3 15.8 Utah 6,000 .9 1.4 3.6 Vermont 3,000 1.1 2.4 6.4 Virginia 94,000 3.4 9.7 24.3 Washington 18,000 .9 1.1 3.4 West Virginia 36,000 2.7 5.5 12.6 Wisconsin 35,000 1.2 2.1 5.4 Wyoming 2,000 .9 1,8 4.4

I Estimated. NOTE. -Data refer to the population 16 years old and over in 1900 and 1930,

and to the population 14 years old and over in 1960.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports, Series P-23, No. 8.

18

Table 111-Percent of draftees who WWI to meet the mental requirements for induction into the armed services, by State: 1972 State Total Failed mental requirements only

Mentally

and medically

disqualified Total Failed mental tests Train.

ability

limited

1 2 3 4 6 6 United States 9.9 6.7 3.6 32 32

Alabama 28,6 18.3 8,6 9,7 10,3 Alaska 0.3 3.8 1,9 1.9 6.0 Arizona 7.8 4.4 !.2 32 3.4 Arkansas 16,4 10.8 7.7 3.1 5.6 California 8.3 4.4 1,7 2.7 1.9 Colorado 4,5 3,0 1.6 1.4 IS

Connecticut 4,4 2.1 1.:: 0,9 2,3 Delaware 9.6 6.5 5.6 1.0 3.1 District of Columbia 20.4 12.5 11.1 1.4 7.9 Florida 11.3 8.0 5.6 2.6 3,3

Georgia 24.8 19.8 11.8 82 5.0 Hawaii 14.7 10.6 4.8 52 4.1

Idaho 3.6 2.3 1.4 0.9 1,3

Illinois 6.6 4.8 2.4 2.4 1,7

Indiana 8.6 4.6 1S 2.7 12

Iowa 3,3 2,1 0.6 1.6 1,2 Kansas 2,5 1.7 0.6 1.1 09

Kentucky 17.6 10.0 5.7 4.3 7,5

Louisiana 23.7 17.2 12.3 49 6.5 Maine 46 2,9 1.0 1.9 2.0 Maryland 7.3 4.8 4.3 0.6 2,5 Massachusetts 4.0 2.4 1.0 1.4 1.6 Michigan 5.4 3.2 1.7 1,5 22 Minnesota 1.9 1.1 0.6 0.6 09

Mississippi 362 26.6 17.1 9.5 8.6 Missouri 32 2.2 1.2 1.0 1.7 Montana 2,0 1.2 0.3 02 02

Nebraska 2.5 1.8 0.7 1.1 0.7 Nevada 7.0 4.1 2.0 2.1 29

New Hampshire 4.3 2.0 0.6 1.4 2.3

New Jersey 7.8 5.8 2.8 3.0 2.0 New Mexico 12.1 8.6 3.4 5,2 3.5 New York 8.6 6.3 22 3.1 3.3 North Carolina 20.4 16.2 8.3 69 5.2 North Dakota 3,5 2.1 0.6 1.6 11 Ohio 62 4,2 1.6 2.7 2.6 Oklahoma 99 6.3 0.5 59 3.5 Oregon 2.7 2.0 0.0 2.0 0.7 Pennsylvania 5.7 37 2A 1.7 2.0 Rhode Island 6,0 6.1 2.4 2.7 09

South Carolina 33.8 26.5 14.3 11.2 8.3

South Dakota 2.7 1.8 0.3 1.3 1.1 Tennessee 2U,3 13.6 7.1 6A 62

Texas 12.9 8.3 3.8 4.5 4.6 Utah 4.1 29 1.7 12 12 Vermont 4,3 2.1 0.6 1,6 22

Virginia 16.3 11.6 79 3.7 4.5 Washington 4.0 1.8 0.2 1.6 22

West Virginia 17.3 9.4 5.1 4.3 79 Wisconsin 4.9 32 1.3 19 1.7 Wyoming 2.4 1.6 0.7 1.1 0,6

Outlying atom: Guam and Mariana

Islands 37.1 26.0 102 14.8 12.1 Puerto Rico end Virgin Islands 76.3 59.6 489 10.7 16.7 SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General,

Summary of Registrant Examinations for Induction.
Table 19.- Occupation of employed poisons 18 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of school

completed: United States, March 1972

Sex, color, and occupation

Total

employed

(in

thousands)

Percentage distribution, by years of school completed Median

school years completed

Total

Elementary school High school College

Lees than 8 yeast 8

years 1 to 3 yam

4

years 1 to 3years 4 years or more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Men Petite , Ali occupation groups 44,679 100.0 6.9 6.7 17.1 3511 14.5 16.3 12.5 Professional, technical, and kindled workers 6,488 100.0 .6 .6 2.6 15.6 18.6 62.0 16.6 Menagars and administrators, except form 6,248 100,0 2.8 4.6 10.4 33.9 20.4 28.0 13.0

:',./les worken 2,970 100.0 1.9 4.3 9.6 35.6 26.0 22.9 13.0 Clerical end kindred workers 3,010 100.0 2.3 4.8 13.5 45.7 23.6 10.1 12.6 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 9,623 100.0 7,7 10.8 22.0 47.3 10.1 2.1 12.2 Operatives, except transportation 6,430 100.0 11.7 12.6 26.2 40.6 7.9 1.2 11.9 Transportation equipment operatives 2,617 100.0 11.5 14.0 26.3 38.4 8.6 1.1 11.8

Laborers, except farm and mine 2,019 100.0 13.7 13.6 30.6 31.0 9.4 1.7 11.2 Service workers, including private household 3,355 100.0 9.9 10.7 27.3 34.7 13.6 3.8 12.1 Farmers, farm managen, laborers and form en 2,119 100.0 16.4 22.5 20.2 29.9 7.7 3.3 10.7. Negro and other races

A9 occupation groups 4,722 100.0 21.2 7.8 24.4 29.5 9.7 IA 11.6 Professional, technical, and kindred workers ...... . 393 100.0 .6 .3 3.8 15.1 14.8 86.3 16.7 Managers and administrators, except farm 206 100.0 7.3 3.9 14.6 32.2 16.1 26.9 12.8 Sales and clerical workers 458 100.0 7.4 3.5 19.4 43.4 17.5 8.7 12.6 Craftsmen, foremen, end kindred' workers 661 100.0 24.3 8.5 23.4 34.7 7.4 1.7 11.2 Operatives, steno' trensponation 766 100.0 19.6 8.9 27.7 38.0 6.8 .9 11.3 Transportation equipment operatives 463 100.0 21.4 10.0 32.6 29.4 6.1 .6 10.7 Laborers, except farm and mine 774 100.0 33.2 8.9 31.9 20.6 4.4 .9 9.7 Service workers, including private household 797 100.0 20.3 10.7 28.2 29.2 9.4 2.3 11.0 Farmers, farm menegers, laborers and foremen 204 100.0 to9.3 8.3 14.2 16.7 1.0 .5 6.7 Women White All occupation group 27,083 100.0 4.1 6.2 17.6 46.1 13.6 122 12.5 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 4 ^413 100.0 .2 .7 2.7 21.0 17.9 57.4 16.4 Manager* and administraton, except farm 1,340 100.0 2.2 4.8 13.4 .47.6 16.4 15.6 12.6 Sales workers 1,972 100.0 2.4 5.6 23.2 60.2 14.7 4.2 12.4 Clerical workers 9,783 100.0 .8 1.7 10.8 64.3 18.1 4.4 12.6 Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, except farm and mine 4,016 100.0 11.8 16.1 30.0 36.6 4.3 1.3 11.2 Private household workers 036 100.0 13.1 16.0 43.8 20.3 5.0 1.9 10.4 Service workers, except private household ' 4,398 100.0 7.4 9.9 28.1 43.1 10.1 1.6 12.1 Ferns, farm managers, laborers and foramen 419 100.0 9.3 21.5 24.8 33.7 9.1 1.7 11.3 Negro and other races

AB occupation groups 3,711 100.0 13.5 6.7 23,9 362 10.2 :3.6 122

Professions: and nun:pedal, and kindred workers2 514 100,0 2.5 1.2 5.6 23.3 18.7 50.6 18.0 Sales end Ciir icai workers 922 100.0 1.4 2.6 12.9 56.4 21.1 5.5 12.6 Craftsmen, operatives, and labours, snot farm 636 100.0 13.8 8.8 31.2 40.8 5.0 .3 11.6 Private household workers 618 100.0 37.2 13.8 29.6 17.8 1.5 .2 8.9 Service v. Ann, except private household 989 100.0 14.4 7.6 35.4 35.3 6.2 1.2 11.4 Farmers, farm managers, laborers, and foremen 32 (31

1 Includes persons reporting no school years completed. 2 includes profawlonal and technical workers and managers,

officials, and proprietors, except farm.

3 Percent and median not shown when base Is less than 75,000.

19

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Speclil Labor. Force Report No. 148, Betueatfokel Ateetnment of

Workers, Merck 1972.
Table 20.-Total annual money Income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school completed,

sex, and age: United States, 1971

Sex, inconvv,

and age

Veen of school completed Median

school Veen

completed

Total

Elementary school High school College Total Len

than 8

8 Total 1 to 3 4 Total 1 to 3 4 or more Total 6 or more

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 Number, In thousands MEN

Total 52,361 13,487 7,129 6,369 24,837 8,413 16,424 14,026 5,972 ape 4,360 3,706 12.3 With Income 61.840 13,287 6,987 6,280 24,634 8,327 16,307 13,939 6 ,930 5,009 4,323 3,688 12.3 Percentage distribution of men with income

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 $1 to $499 Or Ng 1.2 1.8 2.1 1,6 1.0 1.2 0.9 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.9 0,8 10,8

$500 to $999 1.4 3.5 4.6 2.3 0.8 1.2 0.6 0.6 0.4 0,8 0,5 0.7 8.3 $1,000 to$1,499 2.6 6,4 8,2 4,5 1.3 2.1 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 8.3

$1,500 to $1,999 3.0 7.0 8.6 5.6 1.9 2.6 1.6 1.2 1,5 1.0 1.0 0.8 8.6

$2,000 to $2,499 3.4 7.1 8.2 6.8 2.3 3.3 1.8 1.8 2.2 1,6 1.4 1.6 8.8

$2,500 to $2,999 2.9 6.3 7.5 5.0 2.0 2.8 1.6 1.3 1.7 0.9 0.9 0.9 8.7 $3,000 to $3,999 8.1 11.7 12.4 10,8 4.9 8.7 3,9 2.8 3.1 2.6 2.8 2.5 9.1 $4,000 to $4,999 6.3 10.4 10.4 10.6 6.8 7.1 6.1 3.4 4,2 2.9 2.0 3,0 10.3

$5,000 to 115,099 . 8.4 9.1 9.3 8.7 6.8 8.1 5.8 3.6 4,7 2,8. 3.1 2,6 11.1 $6,000 to $8,999 6.8 7.6 8.4 8,0 9.0 7.4 4.2 5.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 12.0 $7,000 to $7,999 8.1 7.1 6.4 7.9 10,0 10.6 9.7 5.9 7.5 4.7 6.0 4.3 12.2 $8,000 to $9,929 14,7 9.8 7.6 12.3 18.6 18.6 19.4 12.8 16.4 10.9 12.7 8.8 12.4 $10,000 to $14,999 23.6 9.6 6,3 13.2 27.5 22.6 30.0 292 32.7 27.7 28.9 26.2 12.8 $15,000 to $24,999 10.3 2.1 1.2 2.9 8.0 6.4 9,3 22.1 15.1 27.2 26.0 28.7 14.4 $25,000 and over 3.2 0.6 0.4 0,7 1.5 0.9 1.8 8.9 4.1 12.4 10,0 16.2 16.4 Median Income Total, all am $8242 64,589 $3,883 $5,489 $5,594 97,570 . $9,088 811,807 .$10,373 $13,126 $12,573 $13,840

25 to 34 yeers 8,562 5,378 4,784 5,971 8,226 7,331 8.656 9,984 9,121 10,908 10,699 11,283

35 to 44 years 9.967 6,384 5,479 7,363 0,532 8,477 9,984 13,718 11,825 15,747 14,964 16,676

46 to 54 year 9,853 6,771 6,754 7,806 9,653 8,768 10,253 14,135 12,029 17,064 16,048 18,198

55 to 64 years 7,934 5,548 4,865 8,556 8,533 7,753 9,061 12,906 11,659 14,271 13,162 16,727

65 roan and flyer 3,449 2,852 2,541 3,342 4,061 3,786 4,380 8,389 4,694 8,074 7,883 8,543

Number, in thousands WOMEN

Total 58,782 14,139 7,221 6,917 33,188 10,442 22,746 11,455 6,146 5,309 3,689 1,620 122 With Income 40,090 10,028 5,197 4,829 21,738 6,951 14,785 8,328 4,183 4,145 2,734 1,411 122

Pe tentage distribution of women with Income

Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Si to $499 or Ices 8.8 7.5 7.5 7.4 9.3 9.3 9.7 9.1 10.3 7.9 9.0 5.7 12.3 $500 to $999 10.4 18.5 21.1 15.9 6.4 9.9 7.6 6.1 7.5 4.8 5.4 3.4 10.0 $1,000 to $1,499 10.7 18.9 21.2 18.3 8.6 11.1 7.4 6.2 8.3 4.1 5.0 2.4 9.9 $1,500 to $1,999 9.0 14.4 14.9 13.7 7.8 9.9 6.8 5.8 7.1 4.1 4.6 3.3 10.6 $2,000 to $2,499 7.5 9.8 9.4 10.2 7.4 8.6 6.8 4.9 5.4 4.3 5.0 3.1 11.8 $2,500 to $2,999 5.3 6.0 6.9 6.1 5.7 7.3 4.9 3.7 4.6 2.9 3.4 1.9 11.8 $3,000 to $3,999 11.1 10.2 8.9 11.6 12.7 13.9 12.1 8.0 9.4 8.6 7.1 6.5 12.1 $4,000 to $4,999 9.0 6.5 5.1 8.0 11.0 10.2 11.3 6.8 8.4 5.2 5.9 3.9 12.3

i5,000 to 66,999 7.7 3.8 2.6 5.0 9.7 7.7 10.6 7.6 9.0 6.9 6.4 4.8 12.4 $6,000 to $6,999 6.1 2.0 1.5 2.6 7.4 4.9 8.6 7.4 7.9 8.9 7.7 5.4 12.6 $7,000 to $7,999 4.3 1.1 0.9 1.4 4.6 2.8 6.3 7.9 6.9 8.8 9.3 7.8 12.7 $8,000 to $9,999 5.3 0.9 0.6 1.3 4.9 3.3 5.7 11.6 7.9 15.1 14.7 15.9 12.9 $10,000 to $14,999 3.9 0.4 0.2 0.6 2.4 1.0 3.0 11.9 5.6 18.3 13.7 27.3 15.8 $15,000 to $24,999 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.4 2.8 1.3 4.3 2.2 8.3 16.6 $34.000 and over 0.2 (1) 11) 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.6 0.8 0.7 1.2 16.2 Median income Tool, all apu $2,844 $1,878 $1,503 $1,883 $3232 $2,581 $3,594 $4,939 $3,732 $8,820 $5,738 $8,341

25 to 34 years 3,545 2,159 1,880 2,395 3,257 2,602 3,619 5,21/ 3,947 6,616 6,171 7,474

35 to 44 years 3,672 2,751 2,267 3,281 3,630 3,181 3,894 4,910 3,873 8,569 5,740 9,104

45 to 64 years 3,919 2,437 2,169 2,964 4,035 3,318 4,343 5,991 4,655 7,840 6,846 9,187

56 to 64 years 3,081 1,892 1,586 2,260 3,377 2,827 3,894 8,232 4,455 8,344 7,411 10,214

65 wan and over 1,706 1.448 1,366 1,567 1,930 1,778 2,081 2,909 2,223 3,895 3,245 6,482

Len than 0.08 parcent.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 85.

20
Table 21.-Annual income of men, by age and by years of school

completed: United States, 1958 to 1972

(in current dollars)

Age, and years

of school completed 1956 1961 1964 1908 1972

1 2 3 4 5 8

18 to 24 yours old

Elementary:

Less than 8 years $1,668 $1,696 $1,931 $2,892 $3,399

8 years 2,136 2,239 2,663 3,264 3,623

High school:

1 to 3 years 2,201 2,204 2,288 2,600 3,423

4 years 2,688 2,768 3,059 3,674 4,837

College:

1 to 3 years 1,924 2,038 2,257 2,700 3,745

4 years or more (1) 3,310 3,620 4,273 6,418

4 years HI 3,381 3,738 4,306 4,994

5 years or more (I) (1) (I) 4.186 7,173

26 verne old and over Elementary:

Lees than 8 years 2,574 2,998 3,298 3,981 5,235 8 wren 3,631 4,208 4,620 5,467 6.766 High school:

1 to 3 years 4,367 6,161 5,663 6,789 8,449

4 years 8,183 5945 6,738 8,148 10,433

College:

1 to 3 years 6897 7,348 7,907 9,397 11,867

4 years or more 7,877 9,817 10,2134 12,938 16,201

4 years (1) 9,342 9,757 12,418 16,256

8 years or more 111 9,987 11,004 13,556 17.346

I Data not spoilable.

NOTE.-These arithmetic means ere estimated from sample surveys of house

holds. They are subject to sampling violability as well as to errors of response anc

nonreporting.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Mew

Income, Lifetime Income, and Educational Attainment of Men in the Unites

States, for Selected Years, 1956 to 1972.

Table 22.-Lifetime income 91 men, by yeas of school completed:

United Stotts, 1958 to 1972

(In current dollars( Years of school completed 1966 1961 1984 1968 1972

1 2 3 4 5

Elementary:

Income from age 18 to death

Less than 8 years $131,432 $151,881 $170,145 $213,505 $279,997

8 years 178,749 205,237 223,946 278,755 343,730

High school:

1 to 3 yams 201,826 235,865 255,701 308,306 389,206

4 years 244,168 273,814 311,462 371,094 478,873

College:

1 to 3 years 278,227 335,100 365,249 424730 543,435

4 years or more . 372,544 464,732 478,896 607[121 757,923

4 years (' ) 432,617 459,482 684,062 710,560

6 years or more (I) 475,116 500,641 636,119 823,769

Income from age 25 to 64

Elementary:

Less than 8 years $107,132 $125,044 $138,777 $174,240 $230,757

8 years 146093 168,967 181,702 228,706 284,185

High school:

1 to 3 years 166,212 193,269 211,342 268,465 323,716

4 yeors 199,483 224,628 252,447 306,788 393,161

Collage:

1 to 3 years 232,317 273,300 297,543 356,297 481,264

4 years or more 310,697 380,951 392,006 504,760 827,298

4 years 11) 350,899 372,787 486.643 590,053

years or more (1) 379)308 . 418,027 525,997 871,882

1 Data not available. NOTE. -These arithmetic means are estimated from sample surveys of households.

They ore subject to sampling variability as well as to errors of response and

nonreporting.

SOURCE: US. Deportment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Annual Mean

Income, Lifetime Income, and Educational Attainment of Men in the United stater.

for Selected Years, 1956 to 1972.

Tiede 23.-Recakfts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source: United States, 1989-70

On thousands of dollars] Control of institution and

source of funds All levels Elementary and secondary education' Higher educetIon2 Total Revenue Non. revenue Total3 Educational and general

Auxiliary

enterprises Student aid Major public

service

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 Toad Publicly controlled Government Federal State Local (including county) Student fen Private gifts and grants All other sources Privately controlled Government Federal Sulu

Local (Including county) Student fees Private gifts and grants All other sources

$73,990,064

,., _. -....$46,155,756 844566,922 $3,188.834 $25.834,286 $18,488,177 $2,900,390 $888,016 $1,470,880

50,991,847

52,883,700

6,088,695

22,808,182

23,968,832

1,983,125

488,848

4,656,386

43,655,756

42,809,736

3.410,557

18,082,776

23,127,403

5109,328

938,892

40,466522

39420,902

3,419,557

18,062,7/8

19,938,569 5109,328

938,692

3,188,834 3,188534

3,188,834

16,336,091

10,273,973

2,869,138

5,745,406 859,429

1,873,797

488,648

3,719,874

10533,592

8,091,132 1591,921

15,884,545 714,768

1,734,997 262,485

844,978

1,727,528

(4)

all

(4)

(4)

(4) 1,727,528

349,094

275,132

207,922

64,161 3,049

(4) 53,281 20,700

758,412

321,048

321,048

(4)

(4)

(4)

(4)

437,364

13,998,207

2,055,630

1,845,832

148,351 61,447

2,712,648

1,898,693

7,531,235

64,500.000

4,500500

64,500,000

4,500,000

(7) 9,498,207

2,065,830

1,845,832

148,351 81,447

2,712,848

1,608,693

3,031,235

5,552,585

1,153,983 990,582

103,365 80038

2,684,848

738,970 974,805

1,172,864

(4)

VI)

(4)

(4;

(4) 1,172,964

308,922

166,407 134,542

21,555 310

(4)

74,723

77,791

712,248

447,450

14) (4

(4)

(4)

264,797

3 Includes estimated income for "other" ::hook, such es nnIdential schools for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, and Federal schools on Federal

installations. Subcolleglate departments of Institutions of higher education we

included under higher education.

2 Includes subcolleglata departments of Institutions of higher education. Excludes

schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities.

3 Includes estimates of revenue for plant experislon and nonexpendeble funds. Excludes

Interfund transfers, 4 Data not mtSeble. 5 Tuition and era fees from patrons.

6 Estimated on the basis of expenditure per teacher In public elementary end secondary schools. / Included in column 4. NOTE. -Benue of rounding, dotal; may not add to totals.

SOURCES: (1) US. Department of I :talth, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,

Statistics of State School Systems, 1969-70; Fitton-id Statistics of Institutions of

Meter Sclucation, 1969-70; and unpublished data available In the Office of Education. (2) US. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Attain.
Table 24.-Estimated expenditures for education, by level of Instruction

and by type of control: United States, 1972-73 and 1973-741

billions of dollars)

Level of Instruction and

type of control

1972-73 1973-74 Total Current expenditures and interest2 Capital

outlay Total Current expenditures end interest2 Capital

outlay

1 2 3 4 5 8 Total elementary, secondary,

and higher education Public Nonpublic

Elementary and secondary regular and other achools3 Public Nonpublic

Higher oducatign4 Public Nonpublic

$119.5 11792 $10.3 $65.3 $952 $11.1 73.3

18.2

64.8

14.4 8.5

1.8 79.017.3 89.815.4 9.21.9 57.5 52.0 6.5 61.8 55.7 5.9

52.15.4

47.1 495.0

.6 58.0

5,8

50.6

5,1 5,1

.5 32.0 27.2 4,8 34,7 29.5 5.2 21.2

10.8

17.7 9.5

3,6

1.3 23.0

11.7

19.2 10.33.8

1.4 2 These estimates are bared on data shown In the Office of Eduistion

Publications Statistics of State School System& Statistics of Higher Education.

and Bond Silks for Punic School Purposes. Expenditures of public elementary

and secandary schools or 1973-74 and all Institutions of higher education for

1972-73 and 1973-74 ere derived from enrollment changes combined with the

trend In current expenditures per student. Expenditures of public elementary

and secondary schools for 1972-73 are bused on estimates provided by State

2 Includes estimates for Interest, as follows:

tan billions of dollars)

Elementary.

secondary

Higher education departments of education, and the 1973-74 figures are projections of a 10-year Public Nonpublic Public Nonpublic

trend. Capital outlay for all Institutions of higher education Is derived from the

1971-72 capital outlay per student applied to expected at, ollment changes for

1972-73 and 1973-74. All carnets, of expenditures for nonpublic and other

elementary and secondary schools are breed on the assumption that

1972-73 ... $1.8 $0.2 $0.3 $0.1

1973-74 ... 2.0 .2 .3 .1 expenditures per towbar (including donated services) ere the same es for the 3 Includes other elementary and secondary schools, such as readingsl schools for public schools. Some previous estimates of the cat of education In nonpublic exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, federally operated elementary schools were based on the assumption that perpupil costs In nonpublic schools and secondary schools on posts, end subcollegiate departments of colleges. met the urns a s for the public schools. Since the pupilteacher ratio it higher In Expenditures for these schools were estimated at foltOva: nonpublic then In public schools, the previous estimates were higher than those

shown here. /In billions of dollars) Total Public Nonpublic

/972 -73... $0.3 $0.2 $0.1

1973 -74.. .3 .1 4 Excludes en estimated expenditure of $60 million oy public, end $28 million by

nonpublic, subcolleglate departments of institutions of higher education. Then

amounts were Included with other elementary end secondary school

expenditures. SOURCE: Office of Education estimates. Table 28.- Estimated expenditures of educational institutions,

by sows of funds: United pates, 1997749 to 1973-74

[Amounts in billions of dollars]

Source of funds, by level of

institution and type of control

1967-68 1969-70 1971-72 1072-73 1973-74 Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 - 6 8 7 8 9 10 11 AN lorrels: Total public and nonpublic $57.2 100.0 $70.2 100.0 $83.3 100.0 $89.5 100.0 $96.3 100.0 Federal 8.8 11.8 7.4 10.6 0.0 10.8 9.6 10.8 9.6 10.0 State 16.8 294 22.7 32.3 27.4 32.9 29.8 33.3 32.3 33.5

Local 18.6 32.6 22.2 31.6 25.9 31.1 27.6 30.7 29.9 31.1 All other 15.0 26.2 17.9 25.5 21.0 25.2 22.7 25.4 24.6 25.4 Total public 45.5 100.0 56.8 100.0 88.2 100.0 73.3 100.0 79.0 100.0 Federal 5.1 11.2 5.7 10.0 7.2 10.6 7.7 10.5 7.7 9.8 State 18.7 , 38.7 22.8 39.8 27.3 40.0 29.6 40.4 32.1 40.8

Load 18.8 40.9 22.1 389 25.8 37.8 27.4 37.4 29.8 37.7 All other 6.1 11.2 6.4 11.3 7.9 11.8 8.6 11.7 9.4 11.9

22'
Able 25.-Estimedid expenditurra of educational institutions, by source

of funds: United States. 1997-98 to 1973-74 - Continued

(Amounts In billions of dollen]

Source of funds, by level of

Institution and type of control

1987-88 1969-70 1971-72 1972-73 1973-74

Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 Total nonpublic $11.7 100.0 $13.4 100.0 $15.1 1010 $18.2 100.0 $17.3 100.0 Federal 1.7 14.5 1.7 12.7 1.8 11.9 1.8 11.1 1.9 11.0 State .1 .9 .1 .7' .1 .7 .2 1.2 .2 1.1 Loral (I) (1) .1 .7 .1 .7 .1 .0 .1 .6 All other 9.9 84.8 11.5 85.9 13.1 88.7 14.1 87.1 15.1 87.3 Elementary and saeondery setweb: 3 Total public end ncni:4:44: 37.3 100.0 45.5 100,0 53.8 100.0 57.5 100.0 61.8 100.0 Federal 3.0 8.0 3.3 7.3 4.6 8.4 4.8 8.4 4.8 7.5 State 12.1 32.4 18.3 359 19.4 38.1 21.0 36.6 22.8 37.0 Loral 18.0 48.3 21.3 48.8 24.7 45.8 28.2 45.5 25.5 46.3 All other 4.2 11.3 4.8 10.1 6.2 9.7

,.. 5.5 9.8 6.7 9.2 Total public 33.2 100.0 41.0 100.0 48.7 100.0 62.1 100.0 58.0 100.0 Federal 3.0 8.0 3.3 8.1 4.5 9.3 4.8 9.2 4.8 8.2 State 12.1 36.5 18.3 39.8 19.4 39.9 21.0 40.3 22.8 40.8

Local 18.0 54.2 21.3 51.9 24.7 50.8 28.2 50.3 28.5 50.8 All other .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 Tout nonpublic 4.1 100.0 4E 100.0 5.1 100.0 5.4 100.0 6.8

"IIIMMIMINI 100.0 Federal .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Stare .... .... .... .... Local .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... .... All other 4.1 100.0 4.5 100.0 5.1 100.0 5.4 100.0 5.8 100.0

Institutiorm of Alba

isducen:

Total public and nonpublic 19.9 100.0 24.7 100.0 29.5 100.0 32.0 100.0 34.7 100.0 Federal 3.8 19.1 4.1 18.6 4.6 16.2 4.7 14.6 5.0 14.4

. State 4.7 23.8 8.4 25.9 8.0 27.1 8.8 27.4 9.6 27.4 Load .6 3.0 .9 3.6 1.2 4.1 1.3 4.1 1.4 4.0 All other 10.8 54.3 13.3 63.9 15.8 53.6 17.2 53.9 18.8 54.2 Total public 12.3 100.0 15.8 100.0 19.5 100.0 21.2 100.0 23.0 100.0 Federal 2.1 17.1 2.4 15.0 2.7 14.1 2.9 13.7 3.1 13.3 State 4.6 37.7 6.3 40,0 7.9 40.4 8.6 40.4 9.3 40.4

Local .8 4.5 .8 5.1 1.1 5.5 1.2 5.7 1.3 9.8 All other 5.0 40.7 6.3 39.9 7.8 40.0 8.5 40.2 9.3 40.5 Tote! nonpublic 7.8 100.0 a st ):A1.0 10.0 100.0 10.8 100.0 11.7 100.0 Fedex! 1.7 21.8 1.7 18.8 1.8 17.8 1.8 18.9 1.9 182 State .1 1.2 .1 1.8 .1 1.7 .2 1.8 .2 1.8 In. (I) .3 .1 .7 .1 .8 .1 .9 .1 .9 All other 5.8 78.7 7.0 789 8.0 79.9 8.7 80.4 ---

9.6 81.1

I Las than $50 million.

2 Lees than 0.06 percent.

31n alation t, regular schcn.t. tit= figures Include ....her and

secondary school', such es residential schools for exceptional children, Federal

schools for Indians, ,federally operated alimentary end secondary schools on

Posts, and kart gagials deportment. of colleges. See footnote 3 of preceding

table. NOTE. - Explanations of data are as follow:

Data sours*

Data are bad an statistics shown in US. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare, Office of Education, publications: Smarties of State School

Ssureme, biennially 1963-84 through 1969-70; Statistics of Public Schools,

annually All 1984 through fan 1972; Financial Stitt:tics of Higher &dumdum. annually 1985-66 through 1970-71; Ifigher Education Stomata: Seisclid nenct

and Sionoury Dom; and unpublished data in the Office of Eduardoel...

Definitions

Tots! expenditures are defined as the expenditure of all money from both loans

and grants and exclude only the funds used for reducing debt. Expenditures from

Federal, Steer, and local sources are defined as Institutional expenditures of all

grants (but not loans) of funds received from thous sources. Expenditures from all

other sources Include all funds received by the institutions that were not received

a e grant from Federal, State, and load gotanments. Loans from any source are

included In this category. lit was estimated that in 1974 about $28 million in

Federal loans to institutions of higher education ware Included In the "all other"

category shown here.)

Since the foregoing definitions ere aimed at showing sources of funds through

the eyes of educational institutions, the Federal figures shown In this table are

different from the ones shown in the chapter on Federal funds for education. The

three main reasons for the Minna are se follows:

(1) Different Items are Included. For example, the tablet on Federal funds show

grants and loans to Individuals, which would show up In Institutional accounts as

a receipt from tuition or auxiliary services; or they may be spent for board and

room outside the Institution end not be a receipt of the Institution from any

source. 121 The sane items may be handled differently. For example, the tables on

Federal funds show only basic it:4inch for Institution of higher education, while

the Institutions Include some applied research grants from the Federal Government. (3) The tables on Federal funds frequently show obligated funds, Wigs the

institutional figures show expenditures. Method The total expenditures shown here VIM estimated according to the method

shown In footnote 1 of the preceding table. The breakdown by source of funds

was estimated by first &Elating receipts to equate them with expenditures, end

then -taming a continuation of the trend In the amount of receipts from each

source. Equating receipts to expenditures wee accomplished mainly by Including

loans and excluding receipts that were used for reduction of debt.

23.
Educational Expenditures as a Percentage

of the Gross National Product

Total expenditures for public and nonpublic

schools at all levels of education from kindergarten

through the graduate school amounted to an

estimated $83.3 billion during the 1971-72 school

year. This outlay more than doubles the $40 billion

spent only 7 years earlier and is nearly 10 times the

$8.8 billion expended in 1949-50, in neither case

allowing for changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar over these periods. The rapid rise of educational expenditures in recent years reflects the growth

of the school-age population as well as the increased

efforts of the Nation to provide quality education for

its young people.

The accompanying chart measures the country's

efforts to support education since 1929-30 by

comparing expenditures with the gross national

product (GNP). The GNP, which is calculated by the

Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Department of

Commerce, "represents the total national output of

goods and services at market prices. It measures this

output in terms of the expenditures by which the

goods and services are acquired. The expenditures

comprise purchases of goods and services by

consumers and government, gross private domestic

investment, and net exports of goods and services."

GNP thus constitutes a convenient yardstick by

which one may appraise the level of educational

expenditures.

The percentage of the gross national product that

went for education has varied widely c vur the past

40 years. Educational expenditures were relatively

high in the mid-1930's, exceeding 4 percent of the

GNP in 1933-34. They later declined to a low point

of 1.8 percent during the war year of 1943-44.

Except for a brief period during the Korean conflict,

when the annual investment in education tended to

stabilize, there has been a steady increase in the

proportion of the GNP spent for education since the

end of World War II. Expenditures in 1971-72 were

higher than ever before, both in terms of actual

dollars and as a percentage of the gross national

product (7.9 percent). In table 27, both dollar

expenditures and percentages of the GNP are traced

for the period 1929-30 to 1972-73.

W .VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

Figure 4.Total expenditures for education as a percentage of the gross national product:

United States, 1929-30 to 1971-72

24
TIle 20. Expondlturs for education, Including 01060 nuffaY:bY level

of Instruction and by type of controls United States, 1960-70

(In thouunds of dollars)

Expenditures, by level

of Instruction

Total Publicly

controlled

Privately

controlled

1 2 3 4 All levels (Momentary,

secondary, Idehef) l 670,077,226 $56,6311,480 913,435,748

Current expenditures (including

intereet) 1 61,294,125 49,473,903 11,820,222

Capital outlay or plant expansion , 8,783,103 7,184,577 1,618,826

Elementary and secondary schools2. 45,117,923 40,683,429 34,434,494

Current expenditures (including

Interest) 39,951,012 36,024,357 33,926,555 Capital outlay 5,166,911 44,659,072 3607,839

Kindergarten through grade 85 28,212,389 25,439,485 2,772,904

Grades 9-12 and postgraduate3 18,905,534 18,243,944 1,661,500

Other elementary and secondary . 300,000 200,000 100,000

Higher education (excluding sub

coihnliete department') 24,659,306 15,765,061 8,904,264

Current expenditures 21,043,113 13,249,545' 7,793,587

Educational and general 15,788,899 10,374,191 6,414,508

Auxiliary enterprises 2,769,276 1,624,398 1,144,878

Student-eld expenditures 984,594 456,977 527,617

Major service programs 1,500,544 7133,98u 706,664

Expenditures from plant funds6 3,818,192 2,505,505 1,110,881-41(

Includes an estimate for "other" elementary and secondary scho, 5, such r

residential schools for sm.:optional children, Federal schools fo, Indians,

federally operated elementary and secondary schools on pap, and Sol collegiate

departments of Institutions of higher education.

2 Excludes expenditures for the "other" schools described in footnote

3 Estimated on the basis of expenditure per teacher in public element v and

secondary school:.

4 Includes capital outlay of $444,323,604 by State and local schoolhousing

authorities.

5Distribution between gradt-groups (kindergartengrade 8, grades 9-12, end

postgraduate) estimated on the assumption that the oat per pupil in

grades 9-12 is 50 percent higher than in grades K-8.

6 Excludes an estimated $716 million expended for plant expansion directly from

current funds (6561 million by publicly controlled, and $155 million by

privately controlled, institutions of higher education).

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems 1969-70; Financial Statistics of

Institutions of Higher Education, 1969-70; end unpublished data available In

the Office of Education, U.S. Department of the interior, Bureau of Indian

Aff Ian.

25

Table 27, Gross national Product misted to total **Molitor&

for education: United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73

Calendar year Gross national product

(in millions) School year

expenditures for education

Total (in

thousands) As a percent of gross national product

1 2 3 4 5

1929 e103,095 1929-30 $3,233,601 3,1 1931 75,920 1931-32 2866,454 32

1933 55,001 1933-34 2.294,8118 4,1 1935 72,247 1935-36 2,649,914 3,7

1937 90,445 1937-38 3,014,074 3,3

1930 90,494 1930-40 3,199,593 3,5

1941 124,540 1041-42 3,203,548 2,6

1043 101,592 1943-44 3,522,007 1.8 1945 212,010 1945-46 4,187,597 2,0

1947 231,323 1947-40 8,574,370 2.8

1949 256,484 1949-50 8,795,635 3.4

1951 328,404 1951-52 11,312,446 3.4

1953 384,503 1953-54 13,949,876 3.0

1955 397,960 1955-58 16,011,651 4.2

1957 441,134 1957-58 21,119,699 4.8

1959 483,8150 1950-80 24,722,484 5.1

1961 520,100 1961-62 29,366,305 5.6

1963 590,503 1983-64 36,010,210 6.1 1965 684,884 1965-88 45,307,713 6,6

1907 793,927 1967e8 57,213,374 7.2

1960 930,284. 1909-70 70,077,228 7.5

1971 ' 1,055,450 1971-72 283,300,000 7.a 1972 r 1,156,155 1972-73 289,500,000 7.7

Inclutin expenditures of publ c and nonpublic schools at all levels of

educatiol. (elementary, secondary, and higher education). 2 Eat:mats:. NOTE. Beginning with 1959-00 school year, includes Alaska and Hawaii.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Educetion, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of Stets School Systems; Financial Statistics of

Institutions of Higher Education; and unpublished doe. U.S. Department of

Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Blaine"

August 1985, July 1971, and July 1973.
Expenditures of State and Local Governments

Education is by far the largest item in the budget

of State and local governments, according to a recent

survey by the Bureau of the Census. The study, which

covers the year 1969-70, found that 40 percent of

State and local expenditures was for education. This

was more than three times the outlay for highways,

the second largest item in their budget.

State and local governments spent $131.3 billion

in 1969-70, including $52.7 billion for education.

Educational expenditures consisted of $37.5 billion

for local schools (primarily public elementary and

secondary schools), $12.9 billion for institutions of

higher education, and $2.3 billion for other

educational purposes. Other major expenditures of

State and local governments included the following:

Highways, $16.4 billion; public welfare, $14.7 billion;

health and hospitals, $9.7 billion; police and fire

protection, $6.5 billion; financial administration and

26

general control, S4.7 billion; and interest on the

general debt, $4.4 billion. The accompanying chart

provides a distribution of governmental expenditures

by function.

All the figures dted above relate to "direct

general" expenditures; that is, they exclude

expenditures resulting from the operation by State

and local governments of utilities, stores, and

insurance and retirement systems. For additional

information, the reader may wish to consult the

Bureau of the Census study, Governmental Finances

in 1969-70 (Series GF70, No. 5). The report may be

purchased for 60 cents from the Superintendent of

Documents, U.S. Government 'tinting Office,

Washington, D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics
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CHAPTER II

Elementary and Secondary Education

The United States has gone a long way toward

providing universal elementary and secondary education for its citizens. While regulations differ somewhat from one jurisdiction to another, it may be said

in general that free public education is available to all

and that school attendance is compulsory between

the ages of 7 and 16. A school dropout before the age

of 16 is becoming a rarity in this country, and the

great majority of young people graduate from high

school.

Elementary and secondary education is offered by

some 65,800 public elementary schools, 25,400

public secondary schools, 14,400 nonpublic elementary schools, and 3,800 nonpublic secondary

schools. The largest segment of the school population

is found in public schools. Pupils in the regular public

school system account for about 90 percent of the

total enrollment in kindergarten through grade 8, and

for 91 percent of the total in grades 9 through 12.

Enrollment in nonpublic schools, which grew at a

rapid pace in the 1950's and early 1960's, has tended

to decline somewhat in recent years. Today about 1

pupil in 10 is enrolled in a nonpublic (church-related

or nonsectarian) school.

The Office of Education obtains statistics each fall

from the State departments of education on the

pupils, teachers, instruction rooms, and estimated

expenditures of public elementary and secondary day

schools. These data are usually available within about

5 months after the opening of the school year. More

comprehensive statistics on the organization, staff,

pupils, and finances of public schools are collected

biennially from the same sources. The data from the

two surveys are published in Fall Statistics of Public

Elementary and Secondary Day Schools and Statistics

of State School Systems,. respectively. In these two

29'

publications emphasis is placed upon State and

national totals. To secure data on pupils, staff, and

finances at' the local level, the Office of Education

conducts a survey of Statistics of Local Public School

Systems. Separate reports have been issued on the

pupils and staff and on the fmances of local school

systems.

In recent years the Office of Education has

expanded its coverage of nonpublic schools with the

publication of Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary

and Secondary Schools. The latest report in this series

covers the school year 1970 -71. Valuable information on nonpublic schools has also been made

available by the State education agencies, the( National Catholic Educational Association, and the

Bureau of the Census.

Since much of the instruction in vocational education takes place at the secondary school level,

statistics on enrollment in and expenditures for

vocational education are also included in this chapter.

More detailed information in this area is contained in

the annual reports on Vocational and Technical

Education issued by the Office of Education.

Other recurring reports of the Office of Education

which have appeared at less frequent intervals are the

studies of public secondary day schools, offerings and

enrollments in high school subjects, and special

education for exceptional children. The most recent

statistics from each of these surveys, supplemented

by estimates where appropriate, are summarized in

the tables which follow.

In general, the statistics in this chapter relate to 48

States and the District of Columbia through the

school year 1957-58. Data for 1959-60 and subsequent years also include both Alaska and Hawaii.

Any deviation from this rule is clearly indicated in

the tabular presentation.
TAN 29.-EnroNment In fuN.dme public alimentary and amondary day schoob, by leveland by sear.

FM 1972 11::: al 1973

State Fail 1972 Fail 19731 Total

Kindergarten

through

grad, 8

Grades 9-12

and postgraduateTotal

Kindsrgertm

through

grad, 8

Grades 9-12

and P0419radusta

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 United States 246,763,000 231,644,000 2 13,909,000 46,300000 31,200,000 , 14,100,000 Alabama 783,383 548,545 238,838 775,000 535,000 240,000 Alaska 85,332 83,588 21,764 84,000 62,000 22,000

Aritona 486.098 346,961 136,107 480,000 340,000 140,000

Manses 461,431 324,524 136,907 .457,000 318,000 139,000 California 4.600,978 3,114,208 1,386,770 4,457,000 3,062,000 1,405,000 Colorado 574,248 399,965 174,293 569,003 392,000 177,000 Connecticut 664,761 476,804 188,157 66%000 467,000 191,000 Delaware 134,317 92,728 41,589 13%000 91,000 42,000

Oistrict of Columbia 130,918 106,322 33,696 138,000 104,000 34,000 Florida 1,614,360 1,062,606 461,763 1 ,499,000 1,031,000 468,000

Georgia 1,000,280 784,681 306,609 1,079,000 769,000 310,000

Hey.' 181,979 127,968 54,111 190,000 125,000 55,000

Idaho 184,663 124,649 60,114 163,000 122,000 61000

Illinoie 2.349,200 1,662,200 697,000 2,326,000 1,619,000 707,000

Indiana 1.220,543 852,836 387,707 1,200,000 638,000 373,000

Iowa 648.408 een,824 199,680 840,000 438,000 202,000 Karam 475,096 320,020 166,076 471,000 314,000 157,000

Kentucky 714,632 500,774 213,868 708,000 491,403 217,000

Louisiana 845,841 606,075 240,768 837.000 593,000 244,000 Maine 250,448 178,782 71,686 248,000 175,003 73,000

Maryland 920,896 863,642 267,254 911,000 640,000 271,000 Mosechusetts 1,202,697 841,663 361,044 1,191,000 825,000 388,000

Michigan 2,197,737 1,477.094 720,643 2,178,000 1,447,000 731,000 Minnesota 909,863 818,161 291,492 901,000 80%000 295,000

Missinippi 526,305 377,964 148,402 520,000 370,000 150,000 Missouri 1.030,006 719,061 310,947 1,020,000 705,000 315,000 Montana 1180,273 1121,467 558,808 179,000 119,000 eo.000 Nebrasf.1 329,192 226,829 102,363 326,000 222,000 104,0®

Nevada 131,860 93,630 38,130 131,000 92,000 39,000 Maw rripshire 168,004 118,486 49,828 166,000 116,000 60,000

Maw Away 11,50%787 11,069,387 1440010 1,494,000 1,048,000 446,000 New Mexico 285,064 198,813 86,281 282.000 165,000 87,000 New York 3,524,175 2,430,678 1,093,497 3090000 2,382,000 1,108,000

North Carolina 1,161,326 812,207 349,119 1,150,000 796,000 354,000 North Dakota 141,635 04,319 47,216 140,000 92,000 48,000 Ohio 2.422,654 1,665,938 756,718 2,399,000 1,632,000 767,000 Oklahoma 607,084 421,676 186,408 801,000 413,000 188,000

Oregon 471,395 318,256 153,139 467,000 312,000 165,000

Pennsylvania 2,361,285 1,000,282 761,023 2,339,000 1,566,000 771,000 Rhode Island 189,893 134,924 64,769 188,000 132,000 56,000 South Carolina 623,778 438,245 187,533 617,000 427,000 190,000 South Dakota 162,398 110,361 62,037 161,000 108000 53,000

Tennessee 891,775 834,375 267.400 883,000 622,000 261,000

Tex= 2,738,131 10566,060 783,061 2,710,000 1,916,000 764,00D

Utah 306,916 212,522 63,394 303,000 209,000 95.000 Vermont 106,517 76,017 30,500 104,000 73,000 31,000

Virginia 1,069,345 762,048 317,299 1.060,000 737,000 MADO

Washington 790,502 542,260 248,7552 783,000 631,000 262,000

West Virginia 409,989 287,307 122,682 406,000 261,000 124,000 Wisconsin 995,223 688,986 328,258 96%000 863,000 333,000

Wyoming 86,017 56,923 27,024 85,000 66,000 27,000

779,867 606,909

--- Outlying arms 173,060 769,000 664,000 175,000 American Samoa 8,166 5,961 2,184 8,000 6,000 2,000 Canal Zone 12,516 9,035 3,481 13,000 9,003 4,000 Guam 26,922 20,710 8,212 26,000 20,000 6,000 Puerto Rico 711,238 556,515 156,723 701,000 644,000 157,000

Virgin Wanda 20,826 16,367 5,459 21,000 15,000 6,000 Estimated. Elementary and Secondary Day Schools, Fad 1972; and

2 includes estimate, for 2 States. Office of Education estimates. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and WOW., Office of Education, Sartlettcs of Pubic

30
Table 31:L.-Enrollment by gra& in full-tinse public Mary and weandery dayad loch: United States, 1961-62 to 1972-73 AN grades Kindergarten -grade 8 Kindergort.,. tat grade 2d grade 3d grads 4th grtsle 5th grade 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade 12th grade Postgraduate All grades Kindergarten -grade 8 Kindergarten 1st grade 2d grade 3d glade 4th grade 5th grade 6th grade 7th grade 8th grade Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 9th grade 10th grade 11th grade 12th grade Postgraduate 1961-62 1962-632 1963-643 1964-653 1985-68 1966-673 1967-663 1968-693 1966-703 1970-713 1971-723 1972-733 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 13 Number, in it:anal& 38,723 30,746 41,025 47,280 42,436 43.8121 44,742 46,631 411,828 47.1Y12 46,6811 28,688 29,374 29,915 30,652 31,177 31,768 32,254 32,871 33,249 33,229 32,910 32,481 2.065 2,162 2,177 2,250 2,328 2,411 2,479 2,577 2,653 2,610 2,533 2,562 4(3,857) 3,928 4.023 4,014 4,097 4,092 4,116 4,082 4,026. 3,985 3,737 3,529 3,568 413,630) 3,705 3,800 3,766 3.828 3,848 3,918 3,876 3,817 3,755 3,551 3,428 3,518 4(3,560) 3.862 3,741 3,743 3,796 3,844 3,833 3,827 3,781 3,714 3,343 3,391 3,487 413,523) 3,609 3,706 3,705 3,777 3,820 3,841 3,792 3,753 3,218 3,332 3,366 3,465 413,504) 3,581 3,687 3,716 3,777 3,798 3,833 3,785 3,065 3,190 3,299 3,382 3,433 4(3,492) 3,572 3,701 3,721 3,781 3,791 3,837 3,122 3,140 3,241 3.363 3.406 3,528 413,590) 3,696 3,825 3,827 3.883 3.913 3,021 3283 3,077 3,212 3,293 3,385 3,481 413,560) 3,668 3,783 3,805 3,847 9,566 10,372 11,110 11,628 11,658 12,132 12,488 12,972 13,282. 13,599 14,002 14,187 3,156 3,172 3,190 3,198 3,307 3,412 3,520 3,647 4(3,708) 3 .810 3,969 3,956 2,595 2,981 3,006 3,085 3,067 3,173 3,344 3,441 3,541 413,606) 3,748 3.821 2218 2,348 2,747 2,778 2,778 2,890, 2,990 3,108 3,171 3,261 413,360) 3,396 1,791 1,868 2,160 2,560 2,511 2,641 1 2,618 2,760 2,841 2,893 3,005 4(3,004) 7 5 6 7 5 7 16 18 21 29 10 10 , Percent isor,75.0 5.4 10.1 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.4 8.0 8.2 7.9 25.0 73.9 5.4 9.9 9.18.9 8.5 8.4 8.0 7,9 7.8 28.1 72.9 5.3 929.0 8.7 8.5 8.2 .8.0 7.9 7.6 27.1 72.5 72.8 72.4 72.1 71.7 ' 71.5 71.0 70.0 69.6 8.2 6.8 5.3 4.7(5) 8.07.5 5.9 4.7(5) 7.8 7.3 6.7 6.3(5) 5.3 9.5 9,0 8.7 8.3 828.0 8,0 7.8. 5.4 9.6 8.8 8.7 8.4 828,0 8.0 7.7 27.5 I 27.2 7.6 7.3 6.6 6.1(5) 5.5 9.4 8.7 8.5 8.4 828.0 8.0 7.7 8.5 928.6 8.5 8.3 828.0 8.07.8 5.6 8.9 8.6 8.4 828.1 8.1 8.1 7.8 5.7 8.7 8.4 8.3 828.1 8.0 8.2 7.9 6.8 8.5 8282828.1 8.0 828.0 5.4 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 828.1 8.3 8.1 5.5 7.67.8 8.0 8.0 8.1 828.4 82 27.6 27.9 28.3 28.5 29.0 30.0 30.4 7.7 7.1 6.5 5.9(51 7.8 726.6 6.0(5) 727.5 6.75.9 (5) 8.0 7.5 6.8 6.0(5) 8.07.6 6.8 6.1 (5) 8.1 7.7 6262.1 8.4 8.0 7.1 13.4 (5) 8.5 827.3 6.4(5) 1 Enrollment in ungraded and special classes ls not shown separately but is prorated among the grades. 2 Data derived from special studies or estimates. . 3 Estimated from fall date. 4 Figures in parentheses, shown in Tanned progression, indicate enrollments in successive grades of the pupils who entered the first grade in 1981-62, induttrig retarded and accelerated pupils. Became of retardation, school retention rates should not be maculated directly from 1st-grade enrollment. Len than 0.06 percent. NOTE.-Beastne of trouncing, detail may not add to totals. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Swink: of State School Symms. 1969-70; and Off ice of Education estimates.
Table 31.-Enrollment, attendance, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary day schools,

by State: 1969-70

State Enrollment'

Average

daily

membership

(ADM(

Average

daily attendance

(ADA) ADA as percent of enrollment ADA as percent of ADM

Average

length of

term in clays

Average number of days attended

per pupil enrolled

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Untied States 48,384,743 244,719,200 41,934,376 90.4 933 1763 181.7 Alabama 850,167 819,712 777,123 91.4 94.8 175.2 160.2 Alaska 84,901 76,990 72,489 85.4 94.2 179.8 153.5 Arizona 480,125 417,441 391,526 86.1 93.8 176.0 1489 Arkansas 461,845 436,476 414,158 89.7 94.9 174.0 164.4 California 34,697,700 4,540,000 44,418,423 496.1 497.3 517940 4171.1 Colorado 587 ,042 534,209 600,388 88.2 93.7 179.0 168.0 Connecticut 655,084 (6) 618,881 94.6 (6) 180.0 170.1 Delaware 134,731 129,345 120,819 89.7 93.4 179.0 160.5 District of Columbia 3149,054 148,098 7138,600 93.0 93.6 5182.0 159.2 Florida 1,515,298 1,408,067 1,312,693 86.6 93.2 180.0 1559

Georgia 1,148,361 1,097,831 1,019,427 88.8 92.9 180.0 169.8 Hawaii 178,584 179,842 168,140 94.2 93.6 179.0 168.6

Idaho 187,690 (6) 170,920 91.1 (6) 180,5 164.4

Illinois '2,324,516 2,239,714 2,084,844 89.7 93.1 177.0 161,1

Indiana 31,223,747 1.167,469 1,111,043 90.8 95.2 175.6 159.2

Iowa 3680,409 659,388 624,403 94.5 94.7 180.0 170.2 Kansas 549,412 496,331 470,298 85.6 94.8 179.4 153.6 Kentucky 723,767 691,617 647,970 89.5 93.7 174.6 158.2

Louisiana 884,469 842,583 776,555 87.8 92.2 179.2 157.4 Maine 241,198 239,121 225,146 93.3 94.2 178.0 166.1 Maryland 924,257 857,289 785,989 85.0 91.7 182.7 155.4 Massachusetts 31,147,561 1,142,222 1,056,207 92.0 92.5 181.0 188.6 Michigan 32,164,388 (6) 1,991,235 92.0 (6) 5180.0 165.6 Minnesota 934,032 913,089 864,595 92.6 94.7 176.6 163.5 Mississippi 593,033 558,679 524,623 88.5 93.9 176.8 156.5 Missouri 1,078,347 (6) 906,132 84.0 (6; 174.0 146.2 Montana 180,218 171,700 162,684 90.3 94,7 180.7 163.1 Nebraska 342,875 329,034 314,516 91.7 95.6 178.8 164.1 Nevada 3123,694 122,300 113,421 91.7 92.7 180.0 165.0 New Hampshire 157,960 149,365 140,203 88.8 93.9 179.9 159.7 New Jersey 91,532,791 91,448,056 1,322,124 86.3 91.3 10191.1 156.2 New Mexico 279,348 275,425 259,997 93.1 94.4 180.0 167.5 New York 3,513,432 3,443,547 3,099,192 88,2 90.0 179.7 158.5 North Carolina 1,217,024 1,171.240 1,104,295 90.7 94.3 180.0 183.3 North Dakota 153,721 147,243 141,961 92.3 96.4 180.4 168.8 Ohio 32,423,831 2,398,499 2,246,282 92.7 93.7 180.1 186.9 Oklahoma 642,584 805,872 660,993 87.3 92.6 175.0 152.8 Oregon 497,603 468.461 436,736 87.8 93.6 178.0 156.2 Pennsylvania 2387,387 2,326,832 2,169,225 90.9 912 1814 164.^ Rhode Island '186,632 177,688 163,205 87.4 91.9 5180.0 157.4 South Carolina 666,673 639,654 600,292 90.0 93.8 180.0 162.1 South Dakota 172,616 165,467 158,543 91.8 95.8 177.8 163.3 Tennessee 916,862 880,172 836,010 91.2 95.0 176.0 160.6 Texas 2,728,007 2,597,759 2,432,420 89.2 93.6 175.2 156.2 Utah 312,147 302,278 287,405 92.1 95.1 180.1 1659 Vermont 3101,262 97,783 97,772 96.6 100.0 172.6 168.6 Virginia 1,108,973 1,063,244 995,580 89.8 93.6 180.6 162.1 Washington 3820,482 (6) 764,735 93.2 (6) 180.0 167.8 West Virginia 412,551 395,929 372,278 90.2 94.0 181.1 163.4 Wisconsin 980,064 930,241 880,609 89.9 94.7 180.3 162.0 Wyoming 386,440 85,424 81,293 94.0 (6) 180.0 169.3 Outlying areas:

P- Canal Zone 14,135 14,194 13,658 96.6 96.2 178.0 170.0 Guam 23,554 21,792 20,315 88.2 93.2 177.6 153.2 Enrollment figures for a given State include pupils who enrolled

for the first time in the United States during the school year and

pupils who were previously enrolled in another State.

2 Includes estimate for the nonraporting States.

3 Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date.

Not strictly comparable with those of other States because

attendance figures include excused absences and enrollment is not cumulative.

32

5 Data for 196768 school year. 6 Data not available. 7 Estimated by the Office of Education.

Legal minimum.

9 Data from annual State report.

10 Data for 198566 school year.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, Statistics of State School System& 1969.70.
Table 32.-Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1972

State Compulsory attendance

age range2 Permissive attendancal 8 State Compulsory attendance

age range2 Permissive attendance' Minimum Maximum3 Minimum Maxlmum3

1 2, 3 4 1 2 3 4 Alabama 7.16 6 (by Oct. 1) (4) Montana 7.16 8 21 Alaska 7-16 6 (by Nov. 2)- (4) Nebraska 7-16 6 (by Oct. 16) 21 Arizona 8.18 6 (by Jan. 11 21 Nevada 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) (4) Arkansas 7.16 6 (by Oct. 11 21 New Hampshire 6-16 (4) (4) ; California 8.16 5% (by Sept. 11 (4)

New Jersey 6.16 5 20 Colorado 7.16 8 21 New Mexico 6-17 (4) (4) Connecticut 746 6

(4) New York 6.16 5 (by Dec. 11 21 Delaware 6-16 6 21 North Carolina 7.16 6 (by Oct. 1) 21 District of Columbia 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) (4) North Dakota 7.16 6 (by Oct. 311 21 Florida 7.18 5% 14) Ohio 6-18 6 21 Georgia 7.16 6 19 Oklahoma 7.18 8 (by Nov. 1) 21 Hawaii 6-18 6 (by Dec. 31) (4) Oregon 7.18 8 (by Nov. 15) 21

Idaho 746 6 (by Oct. 161 21 Pennsylvania 8.17 6 (by Feb. 1) 21

Illinois 7-16 6 (by Dec. 1) 21 Rhode Island 7.16 (4) (4)

Indiana 7.16 (4) (4) South Carolina 7.16 6 21

Iowa 7.16 6 (by Sept. 15) 21 South Dakota 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 Kansas 7-16 6 (by Sept. 1) (4) Tennessee 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) (4)

Kentucky 7-16 6 (by Dec. 31) 21 Texas 7.17 6 (by beginning of school Louisiana 7-16 6 (within 4 months of 14) year) 21 beginning of term) Utah 6.18 6 18 Maine 7.16 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Vermont 7-16 6 (by Jan. 1) 18 Maryland 7.16 8 21 Virginia 6-17 67 20 Massachusetts 7.16 (4) (4) Washington 8-16 6 21 Michigan 6-16 5 (by 1st day of school (4) West Virginia 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 year) Wisconsin 7.18 6 (by Dec. 1) 20 Minnesota 7-16 55 21 Wyoming 7.17 6 (by Sept. 15) 21 Mississippi 6 (by Jan. 1) (4)

Outlying areas: Missouri 7.18 6 by Oct. 1) 20 Puerto Rico 8.16 5 18 The age span for permisive school attendance refers in most cases to the age range

within which persons are entitled to free public education in the elementary and

secondary grades. Separate provisions which apply to persons of kindergarten, nursery

school, or junior college age are not Included in this tabulation.

2 Many States have special provisions for children who have completed a certain level of

education (usually tl-a 8 h grade or higher) and who are employed.

3 Some States have special provisions for veterans and disabled persons. Also, the

statutes in a few States provide that no person shall be deprived of educational

opportunities by reason of ape.

4 Not specified in the statutes.

5 A school board may exclude children under 6.

6 A school board may admit children who have reached their 8th birthday-8h or befpre

Sept. 30.

SOURCES: (1) U.6. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of

Education, State Law on Compulsory Attendance. (2) National Education Association,

research reports, High Spots in State School Legislation.

Table 33.- Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population 14-17 years of age:

United States, 1889-9010 fall 1972

School year Enrollment, grades 9-12 and

postgraduate' Population

14 17 years

Total number enrolled

per 100

' School year Enrol meet, grades 9-12 and

postgraduate' Population

14 17 years

Total number enrolled

per 100

All Public Nonpublic of age2 persons All Public Nonpublic of age2 persons schools schools schools 14-17

years of age

schools schools schools 14-17

years of age

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 359,949 3202,963 394,931 5,354,653 6.7 1949-50 6,453,009 5,757,810 695,199 8,404,768 76.8 1899- 1900.... 699,403 3519,251 3110.797 6,152,231 11.4 1951-52 6,596,351 5,917,384 878,967 8,518,000 77.5 1909-10 1,115,398 3915,061 3117.400 7,220,298 15.4 1953-54 7,108,973 6,330,565 778,408 8,861,000 80.2 1919-20 2,500,176 32,200,389 3213,920 7.735,841 32.3 1955 -66 7,774,975 6,917,790 867,185 9,207,000 84.4 1929-30 4,804,255 34,399,422 3 4341,158 9,341,221 51.4 1957-58 8,869.186 7,905,469 963,717 10,139,000 87.5 1939-40 7,123,009 6,635,337 487,672 9,720,419 73.3 11/59-60 9,599,810 8,531,454 1,068,356 11,154,879 86.1 1941-42 6,933,265 6,420,544 512.721 9,749,000 71.1 1961-62 10,768,972 9,616,755 1,152,217 11,998,000 89.8 1943-44 6,030,617 5,584,656 445,961 9,449,000 63.8 Fall 1963 12,255,496 10,935,536 1,319,960 13,446,000 91.1 1945-46 6,237,133 5,664,528 572,605 9.056,000 68.9 Fall 1965 13,020,823 11,657,808 1,383,015 14,139,000 92.1 1947-48 6,305,168 5,675,937 629,231 8,841,000 71.3 Fall 1969 14,518,301 13,084,301 51,434,000 15,555,000 93.3 Fall 19716 15,226.000 13,886,000 1,340,000 16,242,000 93.7 Fall 19726 16,319,000 13,979,000 1,340,000 16,488,000 92.9

I Unless otherwise indicated, includes enrollment in subcollegiate departments of

institutions of higher education and in residential schools for exceptional

children. Beginning in 1949-50, also includes Federal schools.

2 Includes all persons residing in the United States, but excludes Armed Forces

overseas. Data from the decennial censuses have been used when appropriate.

Other figures are Bureau of the Census estimates as of July 1 preceding the

opening of the school year.

3 Excludes enrollment in subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher

education and in residential schools for exceptional children.

33

4 Data for 1927-28. 5 Estimated. 6 Preliminary data.

NOTE. - Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States. chapters on

"Statistical Summary of Education"; and unpublished data available in the Office

of Education.
Table 34-Historlod mummy of MAIM Momentary and woolidwY

lam 1069-70 1879-80 1889-90 1999-1900 1909-10 1919-20

2 3 4 6 6 7 Pemba On. MOIL and

Inansodonal matt Total population, (thousands) 39,815 50,156 62.948 75,91.4 90,492 104,512 Population sad 6-17 yews, inclusivel (thousands) 12.065 15.056 18,643 21,573 24,009 27,560 Percent of total population wed 6-17 30.3 30.0 29.5 20.4 26.5 28.4 Total amollmant In alementaty and stwoodery day schools (thousands) 0,872 9,887 12,723 /5,503 17,1114 31,573 Nursery, kinds/anon, and modes 1-8

'thousands! 5.792 9,757 12,520 14,904 relmo 19,378 Oran 9-12 and postgraduates (thousands) 40 110 203 619 916 2,200 Percent of total population enrolled 17.3 19.7 20.2 20.4 19.7 20.8 Percent of population 5-17 yew. enrolled 67.0 66.5 68.6 71.9 74.2 75.3 Nam of total enrollment in high schools

!grades 9-12 and postgrodustes) 1.2 1.1 1.6 3.3 5.1 10.2 Nigh school garksetas (thousand') 22 62 111 231 Averse, daily attendance ithousends) 6,144 8,154 10,633 12,827 18,180 Total number of days attended by all pupils

inroad Ithousands) 539.063 500,720 1,000,233 1.534,023 2.011,477 2.815.161 1.110:100 of inroad pupil sanding daily 69.3 62.3 64.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 Average With 01100001 term (in days) 132.2 130.3 134.7 144.3 157.5 161.9 Average number of days attended by each Pool enrolled 78.4 81.1 1.3.3 99.0 113,0 121.2 Teal Instructional stall (thousands) ".. 078 Supervisors Ithowands) 7 Principals (thousands) 14 Teachers, librarians, end other nonsuporvismy

instructional staff3 Ithousands) 201 287 364 423 623 057 Men (thousands) 78 123 128 127 110 93 Wotan (thouands) 123 164 238 290 413 565 Percent men 38.7 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 Finance Amounta In thousands of dollars turregusted) Total revenue nwelpts $143,195 5219,760 $433,064 $970,120 Fedora Dovemmant 2,475 State govermants 100,005 Load somas, Including intermediato 907.561 Portont of revenue receipts from: FIrderal Government Stab govomrrants 10.5 Loot sources. Inducing intermediate 83.2 Total expendltum for all schools 8140,507 $470,i3. 111,030,151 Currant oxpmdituros for Momentary and

seaman' dry schools It4,300 179,514 356,272 801,120 Capital outlay 26,207 35,451 89,978 153,543

:monist on school debt . 10,212 Other expenatum4 3,277 Percent of total expenditum devoted to:

C00001 oxpendituros for elementary and secondary day schools 81.3 83.5 53.6 83.1 Capital outlay 18.7 16.5 16A 14.8

Interest on school debt 1.8 Other exandituros4 .3 Data In unedbated dollars Amigo annual salary of total imtructIonel staff? $189 $195 $252 $328 $465 $871 Nylon:0 incorral oer member of the labor

force' Total expenditure for pH schools per capita of total population 1.59 1.66 2.23 2.83 4.71 9.91 National income' pm coat. of total Population Current oxpendturea per pupil in A.D A 9 . . lotWei 1927.85 Tom expend tont' for day schools per pupil

in A.D.A. 15.55 12.71 17.23 20.21 33.23 84.15 National income per pupil in A.D.A

Current expanarure Per day12 per perm In A.D.A. 10,10 10.12 10,18 .33 Total expenditure for day schools per day per

pupil In A.D A .12 .10 .13 .14 .21 AO

Dots in aimed dollars - 1111311-70 pundweing Para

Monae annual salary of total Instructional staff $1.725 Amon& Income per comber of the labor force

Total expenditure for all school per capita of

laalabutetion 19.63 National Income per capita of total population

Conant expenratua ow pupil in A.D.A 106.61 Totsl expenditure for day schools per pupil In A.D.A. 127.06 National income per mat in A.DA

Currant oxpondtum per say per pupil In A.DA. .113 Tow exondture for ray school per ay

Per pupil In A.DA .79 Data on populotion and labor fora an from the Burau of the Census, and

data on puma income and national Moons from the Office of Business

Economia, U.S. Department of Commas. ?, Data for 1870-71. Prior to 1919-20, data art for the nurrber of different moons employed

rather than number of positions.

4 Distribution estimated by the Office of Education. _

34

613ecause of modification of sags of "current expenditures for

919161611Y and asconderY day selscals," data for 1959-60 and later Mrs ere

not entirely comparable with ate.for prim years.

6 Includes summer school. community colleges, and adult aduestion. Beganing

In 1959-80, also includes community maim, formerly classified with

410117111Texpondturn for elementary and seandery day schools." 7 Inmates sups/Mon, principals, madam, and other nonsuanoisay

Instructional staff.
school twinkle United item, 1969-70 io 1169-70

1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-50 1987 -68 1989-70 Iteni 10 11 12 13 14 Population, pupils, and

Inattuational staff 121,770 130.880 145,855 179.323 197,853 203,212 Total population) (thousands)

Population sold 6 -17 years. Inclusivel 31,417 30,150 30,188 43,881 51.584 52,490 (thousands) 250 23.0 20.3 24.5 26.1 25.8 Percent of total population aced 5-17

Total enrollment in elementary and secondary 25,879 25,434 26,111 30,007 43,891 46,819 day schools (thousands) Nursery, kIndsrparnn, and grades 1-0

21,279 18,833 19,387 27.602 31.642 32,697 (thousands) 4,309 (Leo) 6.726 8,485 12,250 13,022 Grads. 9-12 and postgraduates (thousand.) 21.1 19.4 18.9 20.1 22.2 22.4 Percent of total population enrolled

81.7 84.4 83.2 82.2 85.1 88.9 Percent of Population 5-17 year. enrolled

Percent of total enrollment In high schools

17.1 28.0 22.7 23.5 27.9 213.5 (grades 9 -12 and postgraduates) 892 1,143 1,083 1,827 2,395 2.589 High school graduates (thousands) 21,265 22,042 22.284 32,477 40,928 41,934 Average daily attendance (thousands) Total number of days attended by all pupils 3,872,785 3858212 3,964,354 '5,781.774 7,300,330 7.501.094 enrolled (thousands) 823 86.7 88.7 90.0 91.3 90.4 Pasant of enrolled pupils attending daily 172.7 178.0 177.9 178.0 1780 178.9 Avenel, length of school term (In days)

Average number of days attendad by each

143.0 151.7 167.8 180.2 183.2 181.7 pupil enrolled

880 912 662 1,484 2,071 2,253 Total Instructional staff (thousands) 7 5 9 14 29 32 Supendsors (thousands) 31 Z2 39 64 88 91 Principals (thousands) Teachers, librarians. and other nonsupervilocy 843 876 914 1.387 1,009 2 131 Instructional staf 13 (thousands) 140 195 196 4402 41316 4091 Men (thousands) 703 651 719 498e 1,341 41,440 Women (thous/rich) 18.8 22.2 21.3 420.0 431,5 432.4 Percent man Amounts in thousands of dollars hanadlusted) Flames

$2,0138,557 $2.2813,52' $5,437,044 214,748,618 $31,903,064 640,256,923 Total menu. receipts 7,334 39,510 155,848 661,036 2,806,462 3,219,557 Federal Government 100,085 353,870 684,354 2.185.689 5,788,047 State governments 1.727,1563 1.633383 3,115.507 8.325032 15221,083 20.954,589 =1 sources, including intermediate Percent of revenue melon from: 1.8 2.9 4.4 8.8 8.0 Federal Govemmant 16.9 30.3 32.9 30.1 38.5 392 State governments 82.7 68.0 57.3 52.7 52.1 Local sourest, Including into modem

22.313790 12.344.049 $5,837,843 615,813,255 $32,977.182 $40,683,429 Total expend tum for all schools . Currant oxpenditures for alimentary and

1,843,552 1041,799 4,887,274 512,329.389 523877,182 534,217,773 monetary day schools 370,879 257.974 1,014,178 2,651,788 4265,791 4,856,072 Capital outlay 92,538 183.909 100,578 480,814 977,810 1,170,782 Interest on school debt 9,825 13,367 36.814 132,587 868,419 635,802 Other expenditures,.

Percent of total expandltures devoted to:

Currant expenditures for elementary 79.8 132.9 80.3 579.0 581.5 584.1 and secondary day schools 16.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 12.9 11.5 Capital outlay 4.0 5.8 1.7 3.1 3.0 Interest on school debt

.4 .e .8 .8 2.8 1.8 Other oxpenchtume Om In unadhistiel dolls Average annual salary of total Instructional 111.420 81,441 $3,010 $5,174 27330 $8,840 staff,

Personal Income par member of the labor 1,834 1,358 3.400 5,413 7,880 8,750 force

Total expenditure for all schools per capita of 19.03 17.91 3927 87.07 166.67 200.23 total Population

National incomee per capita of total 687 587 1,520 2,272 3,424 3,829 population

86.70 88.09 208.83 375.14 858.28 815.98 Current expmcatura5 per pupil in A.D.A .

Total oxpendlturell for day schools per pupil 108.49 106.74 25935 472.17 786.44 970.18 In A.D.A. 3,845 3,502 10,312 12,547 15,897 15,868 National Income per pupil in A.D.A.

Currant expenditure per day12 par pupil In

.50 .50 1.17 2.11 3.118 458 A.D.A. Total expenditure for day schools per day per

.00 1.46 2.65 4.40 5.42 pupil In A.DA.

OM in esMattad dollars - 19119-70 purehmke power

Aversge annual salary of total Instructional

$3,133 $3.894 $4,801 $6,651 $8,472 $8340 staff 3.606 3,864 5,423 13,958 8.505 8,750 Personal Income per member of the labor force Total expenditure for all schools per Capita of 41.96 48.40 62.63 111.93 185.05 200.20 total population

1,471 1,588 2,424 2,921 3,802 3.829 National income per capita of total population

191.27 23828 333.06 482.24 730.87 815.98 Current mipmelture per pupil in A.D.A. Total expenefiture for day schools per pupil 23234 285.76 412.94 60897 873.18 970.18 in A.D.A, 8.482 9,484 15,447 18,129 18,539 18,858 National Income per pupil in A.D.A.

Current expenditure par day per pupil 1.10 1.35 187 2.71 4.09 4.58 In A.D.A. 1.39 1.52 2.33 3.41 4.89 5.42 Total expenditure for day schools per din,

per pupil in ADA.

Excludes current expanditures not allocable to pupil costs.

9 'IAA:IA.. means average daily attendance in alimentary end secondary day

schools. 10 Include Monett on school debt. 11 The expenditure figure used here Is the sum of currant axpandltures allocable

to pull coats, capital outlay, and Interest on school debt

12 Porday rates derived by dividing ennttei eteu by average length of ternt

NOTE.-Beginning in 1959-60, Includes Masks and Hewett Because of rounding,

detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: US. Department of Haalth, Education, and Welfare, Officio of Education, Staristles of State School Systems.

35
Table 35.-Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, 1969-70

Item Total

25,000

or more

1 2 3 Number of Operating school systems 17,980 180 Number of pupilsenrolled! 4,521,778 13,476,792

Elementary -27,346,406 8,105,507

Secondary 18,175,370 5,370,284 Classroom teachers' 1,902,248 538,036

Elementary 1,0E0,767 306,268

Secondary 832,481 231,770

Average puplieacher ratio: Both levels 24 25 Elementary 26 26 Secondary 22 23

Revenue receipts, total $37,981,757 $11,651,208 From local sources 20,289,939 6,245,682 From intermediate sources 448,251 60,535 From State sources 14,601,839 4,720,582 From Federal sources 2,641928 954,629

Current expenditures 33,193,198 10,332,188

Allocated to pupil costs 31,908,705 9,850,450

Other current expenditures 1,284,491 481,736

Average dally membership 44,793,929 13,144,939

Current expenditures per pupil in average

daily membership $712.34 $749.37

1 Data are for fall 1969. NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

Enrollment size of school system

10,000 to

24,999

6,000 to

9,999

2,600 to

4,999

4 6 6 538 8,098,168

4,763,114

3,335,054

336,989

184,619

151,370

2428

22

1,098 2,026

7,643,252 7,185,434

4,566,242 4,331,668

3,077,010 2,853,876

321,343 299,684

178,802 1e8,847

142,541 130,937 2426

22

2426

22

300 to Under 2,499 300

77,911 6,229

8,609,363 800,777

5,128,028 451,958

3,381,326 157,820

372,884 34,412

207,610 23,923

166,374 10,489

23

25

20

18

19

18 Thousands of dollars $6,711,631 $6,433,677 $5,852,352 $6,839,341 $693,648

3,596,181 3,474,662 3,079,766 3,652,116 341,644

56,069 58,994 67,398 165,739 39,516

2,638,301 2,498064 2,323,201 2,674,265 176,768

420979 401,658 381,907 447,222 36,733

5,869,224 5,570,488 5,052,801 6058,182 610,615

5,664,460 5,372,438 4,878,919 5,668,281 484,168

204,764 198,060 173,682 199,901 26,367

7,971,259 7,706,213 7,106,229 8,250,040 615,249

$710.61 $697.16 $688.57 $685.85 Si, 18.93

SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, Statistics of Local Public School Systeme,

Pall 1969, Pupils and Staff, and Statistics of Local Public School

Systems, Finances, 1969-70.

Table 36.-Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States, February 1983 and 1970-71

Area of exceptionality

Total enrollment Local public

schools

1 2 3 Total 1082,351 1,570,370

Visually handicapped 21,531 13,962

Deaf and hard of hearing 45,594 29,551

Speech Impaired 802,197 802,197

Crippled and special health problems 84,842 64,842

Emotionally and socially maladjusted 79,587 30,871

Mentelly retarded 431,890 393,237

Other handicapping conditions 22,039 22,039

Gifted 214,671 214,671

1 Pupils are reported according to the major type of exceptionality for

which they are receiving special education.

2 Estimated on the basis of State reports to the Office of Education.

3 Not included In survey of residential schools.

1963 1970-712

Public and private

residential schools Total enrollment Local public

schools Public and private

residential schools 4 5 7 111,981 3,156,000 3,025,000 133,000

7,569

17,043

(3) 131 448,716

38,653

(3)

(3)

24,000

78,000

1,237,000

209,000

113,000

830,000

126,000

481,000

is,000

58,000

1,237,000

2139,000 55,000

784,000

126,000

481,000

9,000

20,000

58,000

46,000

36

4 Includes education programs In public hcepitals for the mentally ill.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, survey of Special Education for Exceptional Children, and Annual Report of the. U.S. Commissioner of Education, Fiscal Year 1971.
Table 37.-Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools In large cities: 1971-73

City

Fell 1972 High school

graduates, 1071-72

1872-73 Enrollment Classroom

teachers Pupilteacher ratio

Estimated annual current expenditure per

pupil in swamp

dolly attendance

Estimated rams

annul) salary

. Total Instructional staff 1 Classroom

teachers

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Baltimore, Md 186,600 7,884 24.3 7,834 1,034 11,712 11,194

Boston, Mass, 96,160 4,877 19.7 3,737 1,217 12) (2)

Chicago, III, 557,141 23,364 23.9 23,691 1,322 13,581 12,918

Cleveland, Ohio 144,520 6,204 27.8 7,149 1,232 12,000 11,188 DO11aS, Tex. 154,112 6,374 24.2 9,109 791 11,104 9,600

Detroit, Mich, 281,764 10.074 28,0 10,169 1,360 13,792 13,016

Houston, Tex. 225,427 8,847 28.1 11,809 718 10,729 9,445

Indianapolis, Ind. 97,483 4,150 23.5 4,174 969 10,751 10,219

Los Angeles, Calif 622,633 27,707 22.6 36,831 998 12,346 11,825

Memphis, Tenn, 139,113 5,487 25.4 8,088 794 10,800 9,064

Milwaukee, Wis...., . 128,453 5,541 23.2 8,034 1,304 12,100 11,800 New Orleans. La 101,806 4,866 20.9 5,141 986 9,800 8,800

New York, N.Y.. , . 1,128,996 80,940 18.5 347,760 1,724 14,600 13,800

Philadelphia, Pe, 282,981 11,960 23.7 13,213 1,609 13,508 13,051 Phoenix. Ariz 181,078 7,512 24.1 9,307 1,103 10,883 10,480 . St. Louis, Mo 97,964 4,738 20.7 4,261 1,000 10,583 10,129

San Antonio, Tex . 72,807 2,950 24.7. 4,682 760 8.409 8.108 San Diego, Calif.. , . 125,472 5,502 22.8 47,876 947 13,310 12,780

San Francisco, Calif. 79,940 4,543 17.6 44,209 1,512 14,000 13,675

Washington, D.C. 139,918 6,561 21.3 4,965 1,327 12,605 12,126

1 Includes supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and

other professional instructional staff. 2 Data not available. 3 Estimated. 4 Does not include pupils graduating during summer of 1971.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Heelth. Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Sintlitics of Public Elementary

and Secondary Day Schools, Fall 1972.

Table 38.-Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current

expenditures for transportation: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

School year Total enrollment Pupils transported at public expense Expenditure of public funds Number Percent of total enrollment Total, excluding

capitil outlay

(In thousands)

Average cost per

pupil transported

1 2 3 4 6 6

1929-30 ... 26,678,015 . 1,902,826 7.4 564,823 $28.81 1931-32 ... 26,275,441 2,419,173 9,2 58,078 24.01 1933-34 ... 26,434,193 2,794,724 10.8 53,908 19.29 1935-36 ... 26,367,098 3,250,658 12.3 62,653 19.27 1937-38 ... 25,975,108 3,769,242 14.6 75,637 20.07 1939-40 ... 25,433,542 4,144,181 18.3 83,283 20.10 1941-42 ... 24,582,473 4,503,081 18.3 92,922 20.64 1943-44 ... 23,268,616 4,512,412 10.4 107,754 23.88 1945-46 ... 23,299,941 5,056,966 21.7 129,756 26.68 1947-48 ... 23,944,532 5,854,041 24.4 176,265 30.11 1949-50 ... 25,111,427 6,947,384 27.7 214,504 30,88 1951-52 ... 26,662,664 7,697,130 29.0 268,827 34,93 1963 -54... 125,643,871 18,411,719 32.8 307,437 136.55 1965-68 ... 127,740,149 19,695,819 35.0 353,972 138.51 1957-58 ... 129,722,275 110,861,689 36.5 416,491 138.34 1959-60 ... 132,477,440 112,225,142 37.6 486,338 139.78 1961-82 ... 134,6132,340 113,222,687 38.1 676,361 143.69 1963-64 ... 137,405,058 114,475,778 38,7 673,846 146.55 1965-66 ... 139,154,497 115,536,687 39,7 787,358 150.68 1967-68 ... 140,827,965 117,130,873 42,0 081,006 157.27 1969 -70 ... 141,934,376 118,198,577 43,4 1,218,557 168.96 1970-71 ... 142,427,909 1, 218,700,000 244.1 1,375,487 1,27350

I Pupils in average daily attendance. 2 Estimated.

37

SOURCES. US. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education. Statistics of State School

Systems; and Expenditures and Revenues for Public

Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970-71.
Table 39.-Enrollment in elementary and secondary schools, by control and by State: Spring 1970 State Kindergarten through grade 12 Kindergarten Grades 1 through 8 Grades 9 through 12 Total Public schools Nonpublic schools Total Public schools Nonpublic schools Total Public schooki Nonpublic schools Total Public schools Nonpublic schools Church relater Non- church- related Church- Mated Non- church- related Church- related Non- chumh- related Church- Mated Non- church- related 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 tO 11 12 13 14 15 16 - 17 . United Stable 50,715351 44,983062 4,499,857 1,232,342 3,024,398 2,544,409 139,600 340,319 33210,219 29,375,178 3,371,231 463,802 14,480,634 13,063,455 989,018 418,151 Alabama 865,168 813,803 17,782 33,583 30.489 12,668 2,147 15,674 590,713 565,354 12,400 12,959 243,966 235,787 3,235 4,950 Alaska 83,990 81,518 1,079 1,393 6,606 5,333 37 236 57590 56,651 652 687 19,394 18,534 390 470 Arizona 462580 426018 23510 13,152 22,896 14,921 2,039 5,936 311,421 290,590 16,571 4,260 128,663 120,507 5.200 2,956 Arkansas 462.090 433,839 8,017 10,234 11,214 4,860 635 5,719 310,315 302.159 5,705 2,451 133.551 126,820 1,677 2,064 California 4525,470 4.526,521 308,338 90,611 353,918 333,498 7,704 12,714 3.135.376 2,558,575 229,407 47,394 1.433178 4334.448 71,227 30,503 Colorado 574,037 533.551 31,096 9,387 39,638 37,142 548 1.948 369,676 342,428 23,546 3,602 164,823 *153084 7.002 3,837 Connecticut 765,632 656,676 83,789 25,167 57,193 54,267 1,692 1.234 491,412 421.199 62,164 8,049 217.027 181,210 19,933 15,8134 Delaware 744,702 126,177 12,764 5,761 9,241 7.458 287 1,495 96,125 83,649 10,247 2,035 39,336 34,869 2.236 2331 District of Columbia 162,893 144.305 10,453 8,135 70,219 9.721 302 796 111,497 100050 7,420 4,027 41,177 35,134 2,737 3,312 Florida 1,662,537 1,405,486 77,179 69,872 85,823 50,179 6,358 29,286 1,029,887 947,887 55,558 26,442 436,827 407,420 15263 14.144 Georgia 1.133,339 1,076,262 15,129 .41,948 45,711 22,313 2,344 21,054 279,467 757.173 9.580 12.714 308,161 296,776 3,205 8,180 Hawaii 199,748 116,983 9,770 12,995 14,615 12,980 560 1.075 127,678 113,908 7,064 3686 57,455 50095 2,125 5,234 Idaho 190,183 180095 4,735 4,753 7519 3.998 240 3,681 122,840 118,831 3,533 476 59,424 57,866 962 596 Illinois 3790,061 2,331,644 414,460 43.957 1138,593 170,240 12,017 6,336 1,818,374 1,493,160 307,732 17,482 783,094 661244 94.711 20,139 Indiana 1.328,368 1,204,626 108,136 16,606 88,430 80,903 2,157 5.334 869,209 779,037 85,176 4,996 371,729 344,620 20,803 6.306 low 718299 646,327 65,439 6,533 52,224 50,849 961 414 454,978 404,074 48,149 2,755 211,097 191,404 16,329 3,364 Karam --.., 550,294 510.694 33,605 ' 6,795 35,962 34 ,813 700 449 348,942 321,383 25,275 2,284 165,390 154,498 7,830 3,062 Kentucky 785,203 688,743 59,626 16,834 18,441 10,026 1,006 7,409 532,061 483,303 45,283 3475 214.701 195414 13.337 5,950 Louisiana 985,160. 837,682 100,819 46,693 43,894 25,772 6,340 11,782 677,917 581,759 72022 23,536 263,349 230,151 21,857 71,347 Maine 252,340 . 237,388 11,067 3,985 18,179 17,608 348 227 162,684 152,660 9,104 1,010 71,497 67,232 1,617 2.648 Maryland 1,012,474 883,295 96,439 32,740 85,445 58,632 2,453 6480 671,946 554,594 74,137 13,125 275,083 242,079 19,849 13,155 Meesachusetts 1,384151 1,143438 178,995 53,718 85,194 63,628 4,522 17,044 896,132 763,666 130,605 13,861 397,825 331,144 43,868 =A13 Michigan 2,415,268 2,122,968 268,622 25,668 175,055 168.627 4,580 1,848 1,542,776 1,333,380 797,737 11,665 597,427 620,961 64,371 12,165 Minnesota 1,026,670 906.388 109,904 10,378 70.140 66533 1575 1,332 652,543 561.493 87,592 3.458 303,967 278,062 20,337 5.588 Mississippi 594,610 552,064 70,718 31,828 23,800 14,878 1,792 7,130 412,702 381,696 7.133 17.876 193,7136 149,490 1.796 6,822 Missouri 1.134052 9139,702 123,614 21.336 74,926 68,655 3,612 2,559 750,112 647,599 94,544 7,969 309.614 273,448 2545E1 10,708 Montana 187,224 173,470 9,434 4.320 8.093 5,322 269 2,502 123,209 116,006 6,328 875 86.922 52,142 2,837 943 Nebraska 379,851 329.441 47,462 2,948 27,230 26,150 969 111 240,706 204,625 35,046 1,035 110515 97,666 11,447 1.802 Nevada 122.328 117,964 3,517 847 8,545 8,370 70 105 81,045 78,228 2,627 290 32,733 31.366 920 452 New Hampshire 177,517 149,026 21,235 7,256 9.501 5586 293 3,222 119.652 100,935 17,057 1,560 48.464 42.105 3085 2.474 Now Jonwv 1,768,886 1.456,665 272,117 40,104 126,243 714,014 8,929 3,300 1,144,313 923,952 204,689 ' 15,692 498,330 418,699 58,519 21,112 Nov Mexico 294,927 277554 8,687 8,296 11,173 6,805 500 3,968 200,071 190,635 7.167 2,269 83.583 83,514 1,020 2,149 Newyork 4,290,362 3498,963 662,2E8 .119,141 295,980 264,880 21.423 9077 2,754,382 2,209.351 493,403 51,628 1.233030 1,024,732 147.432 57,835 North Carolina 1.227,202 1.176,681 12,991 ' 37,530 39,557 17,667 3,123 18,767 831,569 811,816 8.183 11,770 356,076 347,398 1.685 6093 North Dakota 165,940 152075 10,780 2,485 6.801 5,130 182 1,509 106,062 99.723 7,873 466 51.077 47,822 2,745 510 - Ohio 2,748,111 2,387.776 319,290 39,045 180,977 170,431 4,346 6,200 1,780,234 1,525,440 241,698 13,096 758.900 691,905 73,246 19.749 Oklahoma 615,149 597.554 9,549 8,036 34,362 31,251 396 2,715 398,441 389,002 6,772 2,667 182,346 177,311 2,381 2.564 Oregon 515,102 476,637 24,852 13,613 23,737 14,398 890 8,449 330,856 310.279 17,940 2,537 160,509 151,960 6,022 2527 Pennsylvania 2,854,337 2,322,115 464,706 67,516 174,152 156,783 7,612 9,757 1,926,141 1.450,793 349,343 26,006 854,044 714,539 107,751 31,754 Rhode Island 220,742 178,785 34,760 7,227 14,686 12.477 790 1.419 145,199 116,163 27,496 2,550 60,857 51,135 8.464 32116 South Carolina 673,072 639,993 9,290 24,789 23,675 10,934 1,847 10,794 480,341 444,905 5,635 9,801 189,156 183,154 1,808 4,194 South Dakota 183,072 171,415 9,698 1,959 11,375 11,022 126 227 115,683 107,451 7,258 974 56014 62542 2314 758 Tennessee 919,183 2039.714 18,722 30,747 33,542 19,328 1,519 12,665 624,640 601,882 12,716 10262 261001 248,724 4,487 7,790 Texas 2.820,732 2,643,322 90,659 86,751 125,009 63,470 11595 49,544 1,920,220 1.836513 62,799 21,608 775,503 743,929 15,935 15,939 Utah 309,555 303,271 4,341 1,943 21,334 20,864 276 174 194,035 190,456 2,894 686 94,186 91,931 1,171 1.084 Vermont 111,967 1130789 7,766 3,913 6,094 4,497 293 1,334 73,812 67,308 5,477 1,027 32,061 28,484 1595 1582 Virginia 1,134,726 1067,063 29,802 48,061 48,581 28,785 2,578 17,218 776,013 733,981 21,628 20.404 310,132 294,297 6016 10,439 Wellington 855,429 812,884 38,887 13,978 57,574 54,022 648 3,004 552,068 516093 29,447 5,628 255,787 241,569 8,972 6,346 Watt Virginia 402.288 384.429 11,127 6,730 8.218 4484 232 3,502 273.782 264,654 7.921 1.192 1232E46 1132713 2074 2036 Wisconsin 1.184,416 990,968 192.437 11,311 86,903 83,107 3051 745 752,490 589023 159.168. 4299 345,023 308,538 30,218 6337 Wyoming 87,826 84,812 2,136 878 5,393 6,045 9 339 66.702 54,641 1.853 206 25,731 25,126 274 331 SOURCE: US. Department of C,ornrnerce. Bums of the Census, Census of Popitatorr 1987, General Sec-69 Ned Economic Chstectettlfia, Series PC(1/4.
Table 40.-Peroentaes distribution of enrollment In ilatnentary and secondary sidlools, by control

end by State: Spring 1970

State Kindergarten through grade 8 Grade 9 through 1 2 Total Public

schools Nonpublic schools

Total Public

schools Nonpu blic schools Church. related Non.church

related Church. related Non-churchrelated

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 United States 100.0 9.7 2.2 100.0 902 6.11 3.0 Alabama 100.0 03.0 2.3 4.6 100.0 98.8 1.3 2,0 Alaska 100.0 97.5 1.1 1.4 100.0 95,8 2.0 2.4 Arizona 100.0 91.4 6.6 3.0 100.0 93,7 4.0 2.3 Arkerus 100.0 95.5 3.0 2.5 100.0 97.1 1.3 1.8 California 100.0 91.5 6.8 1.7 100.0 92.9 5.0 2.1 Colorado 100.0 92.7 5.t1 1.4 100.0 93.4 4.2 2.3 Connecticut 100.0 88.7 11.6 1.7 103,0 83.5 9.2 7.3 Delaware 100.0 88.7 10.0 3.4 100.0 88.6 5.7 5.7 District of Columbia 100,0 89.7 6.3 4.0 100.0 88.3 6.6 8.0 Florida 100.0 09.5 6.5 5.0 130.0 93.3 3.5 3.2 Georgia 100.0 94.5 1.4 4.1 100.0 96.3 1.0 2.7 Howell 100.0 89.2 5.4 100.0 87.2 3.7 9.1

Idaho 100.0 93.9 2.9 3.2 100.0 97.4 1.8 1.0

Illinois 100.0 82.9 15.9 1.2 100.0 85.3 12.1 2.6

Indiana 100.0 89.8 9.1 1.1 100.0 92.7 5.8 1.7

loos 100.0 89.7 9.7 .6 100.0 90,7 7.7 1.6 Kansas 100.0 92.5 6.7 .7 100.0 93.4 4.7 1.9 Kentucky 100.0 89.6 8A 2.0 100.0 91.0 8.2 2.8

Louisiana 100.0 84.2 10.9 4.9 100.0 87.4 8.3 4.3 Maine 100.0 94.1 5.2 .7 100.0 94.0 2.3 3.7 Maryland 100.0 87.0 10.4 2.7 100.0 88.0 7.2 4.8 Massachusetts 100.0 83.1 13.7 3.1 100.0 83.2 11.0 5.7 Michigan 100.0 87.4 .8 100.0 89.0 9.2 1.7 Minnesota 100.0 86.9 12.4 .7 100.0 91.5 8.7 1.8 Mississippi 100.0 92.2 2.0 6.7 100.0 94.6 1.1 4.3 Missouri 100.0 86.8 11.9 1.3 100.0 88.3 8.2 3.5 Montana 100.0 92.4 5.0 2.6 100.0 93.2 5.1 1.7 Nebraska 100.0 88.1 13.4 .4 100.0 88.1 10.3 1.6 Nevada 100.0 96.7 2.9 .4 100.0 95.8 2.8 1.4 New Hampshire 100.0 82.9 13.4 3.7 100.0 88.9 8.0 5.1 New Jersey 100.0 81.7 18.8 1.5 100.0 84.0 11.7 4.2 New Mexico 100.0 93.5 3.6 2.9 100.0 96.2 1.2 2.6 New York 100.0 81.1 18.8 2.0 100.0 83.3 12.0 4.7 North Carolina 100.0 95.2 1.3 3.6 100.0 97.8 .5 2.0 North Dakota 100.0 91.3 7.0 1.7 100.0 93.6 5.4 1.0 Ohio 100.0 86.6 12.5 1.0 100.0 88.2 9.3 2.5 Oklahoma 100.0 97.1 1.7 1.2 100.0 97.2 1.3 1.5 Oregon 100.0 91.6 5.3 3.1 100.0 94.7 3.8 1.8 Pennsylvania 100.0 80.4 17.7 1.8 100.0 83.7 12.8 3,7 Rhode Island 100.0 79.8 17.7 2.5 100.0 84.0 10.8 5.4 South Carolina 100.0 94.2 1.5 4.3 100.0 96.8 1.0 2.2 South Dakota 100.0 93.2 5.6 .9 100.0 94.5 4.1 1.4 Tennessee 100.0 94.4 2.2 3.5 100.0 96.3 1.7 3.0 Texas 100.0 92.9 3.7 3.5 100.0 95.9 2.0 2.0 Utah 100.0 98.1 1.5 .4 100.0 97.8 1.2 1.2 Vermont 100.0 89.9 7.2 2.9 100.0 88.8 6.2 4.9 Virginia 100.0 92.5 2.9 4.6 100.0 94.9 1.7 3.4 Washington 100.0 93.7 4.9 1.4 100.0 94.4 3.6 2.1 West Virginia 100.0 95.4 2.9 1.7 100.0 95.8 2.5 1.7 Wisconsin 100.0 80.1 19.3 .6 100.0 09.4 8.8 1.8 Wyoming 100.0 96.1 3.0 .9 100.0 97.6 1.1 1.3 NOTE.-Bacetne of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: U.S. Department c/ Commerce, Bureau of the Census,Census of Population: 1970, Comm: Social and Economic

Ckaracterittics, Series PC(1)-C.

39
Table 41.- Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools,

pupils, and Washen, by level and by church affiliation

of school: United Stators 970-71

(Teachers In fulltIme Wuivalanal

Item Total nonpublic

Raton Catholic Non. affiliated Other affiliated

end unknown

I 2 3 4 5 Saha° Is Total 18,142 11,343 2,824 3,975 Elementary 14,372 9,362 1,764 3,258 Secondary 3,770 1,981 1,070 719 Pupils Total 5,380,794 4,363,074 457,907 548,913 Elementary 4,056,161 3,354,816 272,575 426,760 Secondary 1,313,643 1,006,358 185,332 120,053 Teachers Total 225,706 1158,468 36,392 30,846 Elementary . 160,660 199,994 19,211 21,354 Secondary 75,147 '48,474 17,181 9,492

1 Estimated by the Office of Education.

SOURCES: Ill U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, unpublished data from the survey Nonpublic Elementary end Secondary Educators, 1970-71; and 12) National Catholic Educational Association, U.S. Catholic Schools, 1971-72.

ICopyright 0 1972 by the National Catholic Educational Association)

Table 43.-Enrollment of 3., 4, and limatold children in preprint/Iry

programs, by age and by type of program: United States,

October 1972

(Numbers In thousands/ Enrollment status and

type of program

Total,

3-5 years

old

3 Yews old

4 Yews old

5 years

old

1 2 3 4 6 Enrollment status Total population 10,116 3A41 3,341 3,344 Percent 100.0 100,0 100,0 100.0 Enrolled 41.8 15,6 33,5 78.1 Not enrolled In these Programs . 58.4 84,5 66,5 23.9 Type of program

Total enrolled 4,231 535 1,121 2,875 Percent 100,0 100,0 100,0 100.0

rokindergarten 30.2 94.8 63.0 2.6 Public 9.4 25.0 20.3 1.3 Nonpublic 20.8 89.7 429 1.2 Kindergarten 69.8 5.2 389 97.5 Public 58.5 3.1 27,1 83.7

Nonpublic 11.3 2.2 9.8 13.8 NOTE -Excluded from this table are 315,000 Bur-old, in elementary

schools above the kindergarten level and 187,0006.year-o/d. lo preprimary

programs. Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Preprimary Enrollment, October 1972.

Table 42,- Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools:

United States, 1919-20 to 1972-73

School year Number of schools Enrol mint Inatructional staff Elementary Secondary Elementary , Secondary Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1919-20 6,561 1,662 1,795,673 129,848 41,592 7,924

1929-30 7,923 2,123 2,222,598 241,869 58,245 14,307

1939-40 7,944 2,105 2,035.182 361,123 60,061 20,976

1949-60 8,689 2,189 2,660,816 506,572 68,526 27,770 Fell 1960 10,501 2,392 4,373,422 880,309 108,169 43,733 Fall 1962 10,646 2,502 4,485,221 1,009,126 112,199 46,880 Fall 1964 10,832 2,417 4,633,771 1,068,748 117,854 53,344

1967-68 10,350 2,277 4,106,806 1,092,521 1129,800 158,000

1968-139 10,113 2,192 39E9,709 1,080,891 1131,200 159,400

1969-70 9,695 2,076 3,607,168 1,050,930 1133,200 182,200 1970-71 9,3e2 1,981 3,354,818 1,006,258 2132,000 163,000 1971-723 8,982 1,857 3,075,785 959,188 2124,000 261,000

1972-73 8,761 1,773 2,870,860 918,864 3123,000 269,000

1 Includes estimates for the nonreporting school.

3 Includes estimates for the parttlme teacher'.

3 Revised since originally published.

Schools for the Years 1967-68 to 1969-70, as compiled

from the Official Catholic Directory; and U.S. Catholic

Schools, 1971-72 and 1972-73 (copyright 0 1970, 1972,

and 1973, respectively, by the National Catholic Educational SOURCES: National Catholic Educational Association, .4 Association).

Statistical Report on Catholic Elementary and Secondary

40
Table 44.-Enimated enrollment In nonpublic elementary

and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1973 State Total Elementary Secondary

I 2 3 4 United States 4,900,000 3,000,000 1,300,000 Alabama 52,100 38,800 13,300 Alaska 600 300 300 Arizona 28,600 21,600 7,000 Arkansas 11,800 8,300 3,300

California 322,200 251,100 71,100 Colorado 33,800 24,900 8,900

Connecticut 104,300 54,800 39,500 Delaware 17,800 12,600 5,200

District of Columbia 22,000 12,800 9,200 Florida 107,600 78,500 31,100

Georgia 31,600 20,300 11,300 Hawaii 20,900 14,400 6,600

Idaho 5,900 4,300 1,600

Illinois 423,900 317,700 108,20U

Indiana 102,330 79,600 22,700

lows 68,200 48,300 19,900 Kansas 33,300 25,200 8,100

Kentucky 80,200 43,700 16,600 Louisiana 135,100 98,500 36,600 Maine 19,000 10,800 8,200

Maryland 111,200 81,100 30,100 Massachusetts 191,200 127,600 63,800

Michigan 254,800 184,600 70,300 Minnesota 111,900 87,600 24,300

Mississippi 65,300 39,100 26,200 Missouri 99,400 87,200 12,200 Montana 10,600 7,100 3,400 Nebraska 42,900 29,700 13,200 Nevada 2,800 2,000 800 New Hampshire 26,800 17,700 8,900

New Jersey 249,600 190,400 69,200 New Mexico 13,100 9,900 3,200 New York 713,500 525,900 187,600

North Carolina 27,200 21,400 6,800 North Dakota 11,600 8,000 3,600

Ohio 306,500 224,900 81,600 Oklahoma 12,000 8,500 3,500

Oregon 24,700 18,500 6,200

Pennsylvania 478,900 349,200 129,700 Rhode Island 35,400 25,800 9,600

South Carolina 29,300 23,800 6,500

South Dakota 11,600 8,600 3,000

Tennessee 33,600 21,200 12,400 Team 117,200 88,800 28,400 Utah 4,500 3,100 1,400 Vermont 12,000 5,900 6,100

Virginia 63,300 42,000 21,300

Washington 44,100 31,600 12,600

West Virginia 11,300 7.400 3,900 Wisconsin 181,000 144,200 36,800

Wyoming 2,100 1,900 200 Outlying areas 79,300 67,600 21,800 American Samos 1,300 1,000 300 Canal Zone 500 400 100 Guam 5,200 3,900 1,300 Puerto Rico 67,700 48,500 19,200

Virgin Islands 4,600 3,700 900 SOURCE: Office of Education estimates.

Table 45.- Enrollment In foreign languages compared with total

enrollment In grades 9-12 of public secondary schools:

United States, fall 1985,1968, and 1970

(Numbers In thousands)

Language Fall 1986 Fail 1958 Fall 1970 Percent change, 1965 to 1970

1 2 3 4 5 Total enrollment,

grades 9-12 11,010 12,710 13,332 14.8 All foreign languages:) Number 3,658 3,891 3,780 3.3 Percent 31.5 30.8 28.3 ... Modern foreign languages: Number 3,068 3,618 3,514 14.6 Percent 26.4 27.7 28.4 ... Spanish: Number 1,427 1,598 1,811 262

Percent 12.3 13.4 13.6 ... French: Number 1,251 1,328 1,231 -1.7

Percent 10.8 10.4 9.2 ... German: Number 328 423 411 25,2 Percent 2.8 3.3 3.1 ... Russian: Number 27 24 20 -24.5

Percent .2 .2 .2 ... Hellen: Number 25 27 27 8.3 Percent .2 .2 .2 ... Other modem foreign

languages: Number 9 18 15 64.4 Percent .1 .1 .1 ... Latin: Number 591 372 265 -55.1

Percent 5.1 2,9 2.0 ...

I Includes enrollment in ancient Greek (not shown separately). Fewer than 1,000

students van enrolled In this language In each of the 3 years.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. Percentages were

computed from unrounded data.

SOURCES: Modem Language Association of America, Foreign Language

Offerings and Enrollments in Public Secondary Schools, Fag 1970; and US.

Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of

Public Elementary and Secondary Day Schook.

41
Table 48.-Enrollment In science and mathematics courses in public

high schools, by sex: United States, 1964-85 Course Number of students enrolled Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 All mien./ courses 7,243,600 3992,100 3,351,500 General science 2,175,900 1,143,000 1,032,900

Biology 2,694,400 1,333,400 1,361,000

Chemistry 1904,600 606,100 478,500

Physics 526,200 382,200 144,000 Other science courses 762,500 427,400 335,100

All mathematic, courses 7,496,300 4,149,500 3,348,500 General mathematics 1,785,000 965,300 819,700

Elementary algebra 2,260,000 1,183,700 1,078,300

Intermediate end advanced algebra% 1.065,300 607,100 448,200

Plane geometry2 1,535,800 831,700 703,900

Solid geometry 84,900 68,800 26,100

Trigonometry 231,100 152,300 78,800 Other mathematics courses 544,400 350,600 193,600

I Includes enrollment in combined algebra and trigonometry courses.

2 Includes enrollment in combined plane and solid geometry courses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

Eduction, unpublished data horn the survey Offerings and Enrollments

Science and Mathemarks in Public High Schoob. of

In

Table 47.-Number of students enrolled in various subject areas compared

with total enrollment in grades 7 to 12 of public secondary schools:

United States, 1948-49, 1980-61, and 1970-71

Subject area

1948-49 1960-61 1970-71 Number Pexent of

total Number Percent of total Number Percent of total 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total enrollment, grades 7-12 6,907,833 100.0 11,732,742 100.0 15,4061617 100.0 English language arts 7,098,770 102.8 12,972,236 110.6 25,852,166 140.5 Health and physical education' 7,794,671 112.8 12,081,639 103.0 22,193,800 120.6 Social sciences 6,981,980 101.1 11,802,499 100.6 19,659,790 106.8 Mathematics 4,457,987 64.5 8,596,396 73.3 14,137,090 76.8 Natural sciences 4,031,044 58.4 7,739,877 66.0 12,772,195 69.4 Music 2,484,201 36.0 4,954,347 42.2 6,559,452 35.6 Business education 3,186,207 46.1 4,687,570 39.8 21,314,194 39.7

Industrial arts 1,762,242 25.5 3,361.699 28.7 6,397,074 29.3 Home economics 1993925 24,5 2,915,997 24.9 26,282,850 28.7 Foreign languages 1,234,544 17.9 2,678,364 22.0 4,729,282 25.7 Art 1,219,693 17.7 2,383,703 20.3 4,350,685 23,6

Agriculture 373,396 5.4 507,992 4.3 2789.102 4.3 Vocational trade end industrial education 369,794 5.4 344.704 2.9 21,141,638 6.2 Distributive education (3) (3) 38,363 .3 295,633 1.6 Other 111,053 1.6 106,467 .9 2232,736 1.3

I includes driver education and ROTC. 2 Includes occupational programs es well as individual courses. These programs may represent enrollment In 2 or more courses. 3 Data not reported separately.

42

NOTE.-Percentage may exceed 100.0 because pupil may

be enrolled in more than one course within a subject area

during the school year. Data for 1970-71 are based upon a

small sample survey.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Patterns of Course Offerings

and Enrollments in Public Secondary Schools, 1970-71.
Table 48,- Enrollment In federally aided vocational education classes, by 119P of P oilrom end by

level of imtruction: United Stites end outlying areas, fiscal years 1966 to 1972

Level and type of program 1988 1987 1988 1969 1970 1971 1972 Percent change, 1971 to 1972

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 AN programs 8,070,058 7,047,501 7,533,938 7,979,360 8,793.980 10,525,660 11,710,767 11.3 Secondary 3,1348,248 3,532,823 3,842,896 4,079,385 5,114,451 6,506,375 7,278,623 11.9 Posuecondary 442,097 499,906 582,970 708,085 1,013,426 1,148,312 1,338,191 16.4 Adult 2,530,712 2,941,109 2,987,070 3,050,488 2,666,083 2,870,973 3,095,053 7.8 Special needs 49,002 73,883 111,000 143,420 1806,384 11,423,710 11,635,782 14.9 Aviculture 907,354 935,170 851,158 850,705 852,983 845,935 896,460 6.1 Secondary 510,279 508,675 528,146 638,038 650,823 562,141 603,324 7.3 Postman/chary 5,987 8.093 11,038 15,816 23,381 28,418 34,924 22.9 Adult 390,388 413,454 306,357 290,338 278,779 254,526 258,212 1.6 Special needs 700 4,948 8,619 8,514 168,087 194,138 1100,226 8.5 Distributive 420,426 481,034 574,785 563,431 529,365 578,075 840,423 10.8 Secondary 101,728 161,378 176,816 184,208 230,007 241,119 262,730 9.0 Postmcondary 15,833 21,003 44,824 60,718 82,180 85,859 102,844 19.8 Adult 301,118 303,783 349,730 307,978 217,198 251,097 274,849 9.5 Special needs 1.749 4,870 4,415 10,531 147,272 181,877 163,703 3.0

83,677 116.109

, Health 140,987 175,101 198,044 260,546 338,862 24.0 Secondary 9.793 16,734 20,952 23,207 31,915 43,300 59,486 37.3 Postur-ondary 38,493 64,135 64,582 91,922 102,515 137,943 177,468 28.7 Adult 37,065 42,721 52,885 58,603 63,614 88,303 99,720 12.9 Special needs 323 1.519 2,578 3,389 120,179 139,983 148,708 21.9 Homo economics 1,897870 2,108,902 2,283,338 2.449,052 2,570,410 3,120,804 3,445,898 10.1 Secondary 1,280,254 1,475,235 1,558,004 1,870,347 1,934,059 2,4113,207 2,630,897 8.9 Posteecondary 2,652 3,508 4,395 13,490 44,259 52,792 68,604 30.0 Adult 802,363 585,225 877,478 718,817 582,082 660,805 746,007 129

Special needs 12,401 23,028 43,481 46,398 1233,000 1528,518 1685,350 28.4 Office 1,238,043 1,572,335 1,735,997 1,835,124 2,111,160 2,228,854 2,351,878 5.6 Secondary 798,388 985,338 1,059,658 1,122,198 1,331,267 1,395,909 1,507,884 8.0 Postsecondary 185,439 192,839 225,182 218,448 331,001 335,198 393,245 7.5 Adult 271,149 389,194 443,481 482,180 448,902 495,747 483,989 -2.4

Special needs 3,097 5,104 7,873 12,318 1197,359 1287,231 1294,491 2.5 Technical 253,838 266,064 269,832 315,311 271,730 313,880 337,069 7.4 Secondary 28.885 27.814 38,288 31,833 34,388 38,183 38,820 7.4 Postsecondary 100,151 97.156 104,746 130,584 151,621 177,718 189,468 6.8 Adult 124,730 140.431 127,418 161,714 85,723 99,979 108,781 8.8 Special needs 92 853 1,382 1,200 113,373 123,511 128,332 20.5

a. Trades end industry 1.269,051 1,490,807 1,628,542 1,720,859 1,908,133 2,076,166 2,397,988 15.9 Secondary 318,981 357,789 421,719 458,554 892,398 809,140 952,263 17.7 Postsecondary 115,539 123,374 137,732 174,201 281,182 309,812 358,879 15.2 Adult 803,901 966,301 1,030,723 1,042,382 952,565 956,214 1,088,808 13.9 Special roads 30,660 33,343 38,368 45,742 1182,642 1265,894 1275,219 3.5 Other 49,297 88,783 364,135 1,087,270 1,304,619 20.0 Secondary 42,317 53,011 308,808 1,002,398 1,223,239 74.0 Postsecondary 463 928 17,307 20,672 45,761 122.4 Adult 18 498 27,220 64,302 35,819 -44.8

Special needs 8,499 15,348 142,472 1124,588 1158,763 28.7

1 Disadvantaged persons Included In cliztribut on oy level above.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education; and unpublished data.

43
Table 49.- Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of program: United States

and outlying afailf, 1920 to 1972

Fiscal year

Type of program

Total Agriculture Distributive

occupations Homeeconomics Trades andindustry Health occupations Technical education Office

occupethAs

Other programs

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1920 265,058 31,301 48,938 184,819

1930 981,882 188,311 174,967 618,604

1940 2,290,741 584,133 129,433 818,766 768,409

1942 2,624,786 6F5,099 215,049 954,041 850,597

1944 2,001,153 469,959 181,509 808,605 543,080

1948 2,227,663 510,331 174,872 911,816 630,844

1948 2,836,121 640,791 292,938 1,139,766 762,828

1950 3,364,613 764,975 364,670 1,430,366 804,602

1952 3,165,988 746,402 234,984 1,391,389 793,213

1954 3,164,851 737,602 220,619 1,380,147 826,583

19513 3,413,159 785,699 257,025 1,486,816 883,719

1958 3,829,339 775,892 282,658 1,659,822 983,644 27,423

1960 3,768,149 796,237 303,784 1,688,109 936,490 40,250 101,279

1962 4,072,677 822,664 321,065 1,725,660 1,005,383 48,985 148,920

1964 4,568,390 860,605 334,126 2,022,138 1,069,274 59,006 221,241 1968 6,070,059 907,364 420,426 1,897,670 1,269,051 83,877 253,838 1,238,043

1988 7,533,936 851,158 574,785 2,283,338 1,628,542 140,987 269,832 1,735,997 49,297

1970 8,793,960 852,983 529,365 2,570,410 1,906,133 198,044 271,730 2,111,160 364,135

1971 10,525,660 845,085 578,075 3,129,804 2,075,166 269,546 313,860, 2,226,854 1,087,270

1972 11,710,767 898,460 640,423 3,445,698 2,397,968 336,652 337,069 2,351,878 1,304,619

SOURCES: U.S. Dope tment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of t ducation, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education:

and unpublished data.

Table 50.-Taacieers of federally aided vocational education classes, Table 51 -Estimated number of danroom teaches in

by type of program: United States and outlying areas, nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching field:

fiscal years 1970 to 1972 United States, fall 1973

Type of program 1970 1971 1972 Classroom teachers

1 2 3 Teaching field 4 Number Percent Number of teachers

1 2 3 Total 190,364 211,560 235,858 All fields 71,000 100.0 Agriculture 12,420 12,910 13,270 English 11,700 18.5 Distributive 10,458 11,974 13,795 Social studies 10,100 14.3 Health 10,483 12.813 14,552 Religion 9,100 12.8 Home economics 34,225 38,105 41,647 Mathematics 8,100 11.4 Office 45,061 49,363 52,662 Technical 14,241 14,760 16,820 Foreign lenguages 7,800 11.0 Trades and industry 56,720 59,065 65,105 Health and physical education 7,500 10.5 Other or unclassified 6,736 12,770 17,907 Science Business education 8,000

4,000

8.6

6.7 Percentage distribution Music 3,900 6.5 Total 100.0 100.0 Art 100.0 Home economics 1,100 800

1.5

1.1 Agriculture 6.5 6.1

Industrial arts and vocational education .. 5.6 All other 5.9 600 400

.7

.6 Distributive 5.5 6.7 Health 6.5 6.0 6.2 SOURCE: Office of Education estimates. Home economics 18.0 18.0 17.6 Office 23.7 23.3 22.4 Technical 7.5 7.0 7.1 Trades and industry 29.8 27.9 27.6 Other or unclassified 3.5 6.0 7.6 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare Office of

Education, unpublished data.

44
Table 52.-Number of full-time end parttimel classroom teathen In public and nonpublic elementary

and secondary day schools, by State: Fall 1972 and fall 1973 State Fall 1972 Fall 19732 Total Public Nonpublic2 Total Public Nonpublic

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 United Starts 2,306,000 32,087,000 211,000 2,315,000 2,106,000 208,000 Alabama 38,100 33,730 2,370 38,220 33,870 2,350 Alaska 4,202 4,142 60 4,220 4,160 60 Arizona 21,638 20,368 1,270 21,720 20,460 1,260 Arkansas 21,141 20,611 630 21,220 20,700 520 California 212,643 198,483 14,060 213,260 199,330 13,930 Colorado 26,579 24,879 1,700 26,870 24,990 1,680

Connecticut 39,277 34,077 5,200 39,370 34,220 8,150 Delaware 7,236 6,386 870 7,260 8,390 880 District of Columbia 7,761 6,661 1,200 7,780 6,590 1,190 Florida 71,573 68,563 6,010 71,810 66,850 4,960

Georgia 48,276 44,536 1,740 48,450 44,730 1,720 Hawaii 9,220 8,310 910 9,260 8,350 900

Idaho 7,914 7,664 250 7,950 7,700 250

Illinois 127,038 110,518 16,520 127,360 110,990 18,370

Indiana 66,720 452,400 4,320 56,900 62,620 4,280

Iowa 35,809 32,749 3,110 35,970 32,890 3,080 Kansas 26,850 425,360 1,490 26,950 26,470 1,480

Kentucky 34,185 31,465 2,720 34,290 31,600 2,680

Louisiana Maine 47,327

13 273 41,83712,213

5,490

1,060

47,460

13,320

42,020

12,270

5,440

1,060

Maryland 46,591 41,681 4,910 46,720 41,860 4,880 Massachusetts 69,233 60,233 9,000 E9,400 60,490 8,910

Michigan 100,089 89,969 10,120 100,390 90,360 10,030 Minnesota 48,624 43,354 6,270 48,760 43,540 5,220

MIrsissippl 26,329 23,329 3,000 73,400 23,430 2,970 Missouri 49,624 45,414 4,210 49,780 45,610 4,170 Montana 9,010 28,600 510 9,060 8,540 510 Nebraska Nevada 18,959

6,501

4t6909

6,411

1,96090

19,010

6,620

17,070

5,430

1,940

90

New Hampshire 9,944 8,564 1,380 9,970 8,600 1,370

New Jersey 89,649 279,509 10,040 89,790 79,850 9,940 New Mexico 13,000 12,320 680 13,040 12,370 670 New York 208,394 4179,334 29,060 206,890 180,100 28,790

North Carolina 61,041 49,571 1,470 61,240 49,780 1,460 North Dakota 7,984 7,454 630 8,010 7,490 620 Ohio 115,297 103,487 11,810 115,630 103,923 11,700 Oklahoma 28,111 27,401 710 28,220 27,620 700 Oregon 23,386 22,218 1,170 23,470 22,310 1,160

Pennsyhenia 128,151 109,721 18,430 128,440 110,180 18,260 Rhode Island 11,064 9,484 1,580 11,090 9,520 1,670 South Carolina 28,547 26,957 1,590 28,650 27,070 1,580 South Dakota 8,873 8,253 620 8,900 8,290 610

T,,nnessee 38,120 36,200 1920 38,260 36,360 1,900 Texas 133,237 127,237 6,000 133,720 127,780 6,940 U601 12,290 12,090 200 12,340 12,140 200 Vermont 6,942 6,192 750 6,960 6,220 740 Virginia 63,483 49,743 3,740 53,660 49P4o 3,760

Washington 34,8E3 32,733 2,150 36,000 32,870 2,130

West Virginia 18,488 17,958 530 18,560 18,040 520 Wisconsin 56,702 48,122 7,580 55,840 48,330 7,510

Wyoming 4,845 4,736 110 4,870 4,760 110 Outlying areas 31,4130 27,690 3,790 31,580 27,810 3,750 American Samoa 450 400 60 460 400 so Canal Zone 652 532 20 650 630 20 Guam 1,373 1,183 190 1,380 1,190 190 Puerto Rico 27,852 24,552 3,300 27,920 24,660 3,260

Virgin Islands 1,253 1,023 230 1,260 1,030 230

I The part-time teachers are Included in tho totals . full-time SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and

equivalents. Welfare, Office of Education, Fall 1972 Statistics of Public 2 Estimated: Schools; and Office of Education estimates.

3 Includes estimate for nonreporting States.

4 Data estimated by reporting States.

45
Table In-Instructions, staff In public elementary end secondary day 'shook by type of position

and by Stet*: 11169-70

(In full-time equivalents)

State Total Instructional staff Principals

(Including

assistant principals) Consultants or supervborsof instruction

Ca Issroom towbars and other nonsuperhOsfli Personnel' Classroom

teachers Librarians Guidance

personnel

Psychological

personnel Other non. supervisory

Instructional personnel

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 Untied States 2263,492 90,613 31,537 2,023,253 39,790 48,189 5,122 111,608 Alabama 35,299 1,278 293 33,728 (2) (3) (2) Alaska 3,738 180 39 3,306 81 79 7 8 Arizone 20,173 805 (5) 18,518 6850 Arkansas 21,183 815 72 19,648 350 270 Califomis7 207,138 8,910 2,688 187,113 1,599 4,821 858 1,171 Colorado . 26,806 1,341 376 23,822 454 724 48 241 Connecticut 35,776 1.476 226 32,451 388 802 158 278

Delaware 8,390 252 98 5,684 133 139 23 63 Dittrict of Columbia 8,131 322 119 8,920 156 304 38 262 Florida 89,563 2,487 814 80,867 2,057 1,770 852 718 Georgie 49,227 1,916 599 44,098 1,701 913 Hewed 8,188 371 52 7,332 213 218

Idaho 9,193 420 233 8,065 187 199 5 84

Illinois 122,412 3,787 1,899 111,913 1728 2,283 363 430

Indiana 54,759 2,424 378 49,896 887 1,061 75 50

lows 36,406 1,530 98 32,669 892 988 45 186 Kann. 28,961 1,389 320 25,704 771 584 58 157 Kentucky 33,246 1,330 320 29,532 1,057 648

Louisiana 40,338 1,424 403 38,478 1,187 840 8

.361 Maine 12,473 527 109 11,444 147 237 9 Maryland 45,398 2090 643 40,626 934 1,075 84 47 Massachusetts 59,772 2.759 43,346 51,002 714 1,778 175 Michi9en4 99,773 4,298 1,160 89,049 1,882 2,887 284 273 Minnesota 47,799 1,793 593 43,286 1,131. 996 121 (2)

Mississippi 25,339 1,123 230 22,936 604 448 Missouri 47,956 2,102 874 42,799 R45 1,176 (2) 181 Montane 7 9,299 370 151 8,452 6477 Nebraska 18,328 743 119 18,318 411 403 18 316 Nevada 5,547 233 52 4,967 118 151 28 New Hampshire' 0 7,808 475 52 8,983 98 200 New Jersey? 80,098 2,685 823 73,018 63,572 New Mexico 12,994 579 264 11,564 240 329 7 11 New York' I 207,948 6,889 6,213 181,919 3,538 5,370 1,113 2,908 North Carolina 54,165 1,964 653 49,017 1,776 750 5 North Dakota 8,837 316 91 8,042 173 111 2 182 Ohio 110,092 4,603 873 99,639 1,887 2,400 346 644 Oklahoma 30,345 2,008 228 27,220 352 496 23 18 Oregon 2b,6tO 1,231 295 22,532 641 578 19 514 Pennsylvania 117,450 3,345 1,579 106,839 1,859 2,544 406 1,129

ritic...ie Island 9,635 373 114 8,550 198 312 28 60 South Carolina 31,710 1,199 239 28.038 1,358 789 41 88 South Dakota 9,090 314 48 8,305 153 148 7 115 Tennessee 38984 1,425 433 35,212 4,088 773 56 Taxes 128,813 6,059 702 118,844 1,795 1,413 Utah 13,219 568 148 11.535 Ts" 334 34 269 Vermont 6,2E0 :so4 66 5,554 124 107 3 Virginia 53,443 2,374 754 47,548 1,413 1,221 '35

Washington 39,387 1,791 1,129 33,548 1191 998 188 826 Writ Virginia 18,682 1,324 294 18,552 :ais 282 3 8 Wisconsin 56,306 1,999 490 50,079 1,176 1,235 98 229 Wyoming 4,901 214 75 4,441 67 104 (2)

Outlying areas: Canal Zone 321 22 16 554 6 19 4 Guam 1,120 66 48 948 31 40

I Data in each of the categories of nonsuparvisory Instructional staff

are shown for those States reporting such In ormation. In some

States, classroom teachers may Include other nonsupervisory

Personnel Illbrariont. :Mance personnel, etc.) when such personnel

have not been given separately. 2 Data not available. 3 Included with classroom teachers. 4 Data partially estimated by the Office of Education.

5 Included with principals.

46

6 Includes librarians; guldens*, Psychological, and eistilovistiel personnel; and other nonsupervisory In ovations! staff.

7 Data from published annual State report.

Includn department Mace.

9 Includes data for summer school and adult education programs.

19 Data are for full-time staff only.

11 Data are for number of fulltime and part-time positions.

SOURCE: U.S. Dapertment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, &stinks of Star School Systems, 1909-70.
Selected Characteristics of Public School Teachers

The National Education Association (NEA) has

recently issued a report on the Status of the

American Public- School Teacher, 1970 -71. The

study provides a wealth of information on the

personal characteristics, professional qualifications,

teaching assignments, and economic status of public

elementary and secondary school teachers. The data

on the age, marital status, and academic attainment

of teachers in 1971 are summarized in the

accompanying chart.

The NEA has conducted several similar surveys at

intervals of 5 years. When the data for 1960-61

and 1970-71 are compared, the following trends

emerge: The typical teacher in 1971 was younger

than in 1961 (35 as compared with 41 years old) and

had fewer years of teaching experience (8 versus 11

years). Teachers in 1971 tended to be better educated

than previously; only 3 percent did not hold a

bachelor's degree, compared with 15 percent in 1961.

They also earned substantially higher average salaries,

nearly $9,300 in 1970-71 as contrasted with less

than $5,300 in 1960-61.

Master's or

SiX years

27.1%

47

Men teachers accounted for 34 percent of the total

in 1971 but only 31 percent of all teachers in 1961.

Secondary school teachers constituted 47 percent of

the total in 1971 and 43 percent of all teachers

10 years earlier. There was a slight decline in the

number of pupils taught by each teacher between

1961 and 1971, but the average number of hours

worked per week remained the same (37 hours in the

required school week and 47 hours per week on all

duties).

Since the above figures are based upon sample

surveys, they are subjec.: to the usual sampling

variability. Highlights from the teacher studies were

published previously in the December 1971 and

March 1972 issues of the 11EA Research Bulletin. The

material is copyrighted by the NEA and is used by

permission.

W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

Bachelors

69.6%
Table 54.- Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex:

United States, 1970-71

Item All teachers Elementary Secondary Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 Highest degree held:

No 4-year degree percent 2.9 4,6 1.1 2.1 3.4 Bachelor's degree do 69.6 74.5 64.2 64,8 77,4

Master's degree or 6 yews do 27.1 20.9 33,9 42.6 19.0 Doctor's degree do 0.4 0.8 0.6 0.3 Median years of teaching experience 8 8 7 8 8

Length of required school week hours 36.6 38.3 36.8 Average number of hours per week devoted to teaching duties 46.9 46.8 48.1 47.8 48,5

Average number of days of classroom teaching in school year 1970-71 181 181 181 Average annual salary as classroom teacher dollars $9,281 $9,092 $9,449 $9,854 $8,963

Average age years 38 39 38 31, 39 Sox percent 100.0 34.2 85,7 Marital status: Married do 27.9 44.0 Single do 6.2 14.2 Widowed, separated, divorced do 1.1 7.5 NOTE.-Date are based on reports received from a sample of 1,533 teachers. Because of rounding, Percents may not add to 100.0.

Table 56.- Public secondary school teachers, by teaching

field and by sex: United States, 1970-71

Teaching field in which largest

portion of time was spent

All teachers Men Women

1 2 3 4 AN fields: Number 931,896 504,217 427,679 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 0.6 1.0 Art 3.7 3.1 4.4 Business education 5.9 3,6 8.8 English 20.4 13.2 29.1 Foreign language 4.8 2.3 7.8 Health and physical education 8,3 7.0 10.0 Home economics 6.1 11.3 Mathematics 14.4 15.2 13.4 Science 10.6 16.5 3.4 Social studies 14.0 19.6 7.2 Music 3.8 4.9 2.5

Industrial arts and vocational education 6.2 10.9 10.6 Special education 1.1 0.8 1.6 Other fields 1.0 1.8 Vocational education only.

NOTE.-Percents are based on reports received from a sample of 707 teachers;

because of rounding, they may not add to 100.0.

SOURCES: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report

1972-R3, Steno of the American Public-School Teacher, 1970-71; end Research Report 1971-R13, Estimates of School Statistics, 1971-72. (Copyright 01972

and 1971, respectIvely, by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

SOURCE: Nations Education Association, Research Division, Research Report

1972-R3, Status of the American Public-School Teacher, 1970-71, (Copyright 0 1972 by the National Education Association, All rights reserved,)

Table 56.-Average annual salary of instructional staff In public

elementary and secondary day schools, and average annual

earnings of full-time employees in all Industries, in

unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars:

United States, 1929-30 to 1972-73

School year

Unadjusted dollars Adjusted doll ra (1972-73

purchasing power)1

Salary per member of

instructional staff

Earnings per full-time em- ployee working for wages

or salary2

Salary per member of Instructional staff

Earnings per

full -time em- ployee working for wages

or salary2

1 2 3 4 5 1929-30 .... $1,420 $1,386 $3,551 $3,466

1931-32 .... 1,417 1,198 4,208 3,558

1933-34 .... 1,227 1,070 3,966 3,469

'1935-36 .... 1,283 1,160 3,999 3,616

1937-38 .... 1,374 1,244 4,110 3,722

1939-40 .... 1,441 1,282 4,414 3,927

1941-42 .... 1,507 1,576 4,138 4,331

1943-44 .... 1,728 Z030 4,249 4,992

1945-46 .... 1:95 2,272 4,685 6,336

1947-48 .... 2,639 2,692 4,847 4,944

1949 -00 3,010 2,930 5,441 5,297

1951-52 .... 3,450 3,322 5,618 5,409

1953-54 .... 3,825 3,628 6,086 5,773

1955-56 .... 4,158 3,942 6,618 6,277

1957-58 .... 4,702 4,276 7,042 6,404

1969-60 .... 5,174 4,632 7,539 6,749

1961-62 .... 5,700 4,828 8,115 7,016

6,240 5,373 8,657 7,454

1965-66 .... 6,935 5,838 9,297 7,826

1987 -68 .... 7,885 6,444 9,922 8.109 1969-70 .... 8,640 7,334 10,020 8,313

1971-72 .... 10,100 8,334 10,506 8,635

1972-733 ... 10,608 8,874 10,608 8,874

1 Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

2 Calendar-year data from the US. Department of Commerce have been

converted to a school-year beds by averaging the 2 appropriate calendar

years in each case.

3 Estimated,

SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems; end Fall Statistics of Public Schools. US. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis,

Survey of Current Business, July issues; U.S. Income and Output; and National

Income, 1954 edition.

48
Table 57.- Estimated average annual salary of clasuoom teachen in public Momentary and secondary schools:

United States, 1955 -58 to 1972-73

School year All teachers

2 1956 -56 $4,055

1958-57 4,239

1957-58 4,571

1968-59 4,797

1959-80 4,995

1960-61 5,275 1981 -62 5,515 1962 -83 6,732

1963-84 5,995 1964 -66 6,195

1965-68 6,486

196o-b7 6,830

1987-68 7,423

1968-69 7,952

1989-70 8,635

1970-71 9,269

1971-72 9,705 1872 -73 10,114

Average salary (in dollars) Average salary Index 11955-66 1 00.0)

L.

Elementary

teachers Secondary

teachers All teachers Elementary

Aachen

Secondary

teachers 3 4 5 6 7 $3,852 $4,409 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,044 4,581 104.6 105.0 103.9 4,373 4,894 112.7 113.6 111.0 4,607 6.113 118.3 119.6 116.0 4,816 6,276 123,2 125.0 119.7 5,076 5,543 130.1 131.7 125.7 5,340 5,775 138.0 138.8 131.0

6,560 6,980 141.4 144.3 135.6 5,805 6,268 147,8 150.7 142.1 5.985 6,451 152.8 155.4 148.3 \ 6,278 6,781 159,9 163.0 163.3 8,622 7,109 168,4 171.9 181.2 7,208 7,692 183.1 187.1 174.5

7,718 8,210 188,1 200.4 188.2 8,412 8,891 212,9 218.4 201.7

9,021 9.568 228.6 234.2 217.0

9,424 10,031 239.3 244.7 227,5

9,823 10,460 249,4 255.0 237.2 SOURCES: National Education Association Research D vision, Research Report 1970-R3, Economic Status of the Teaching Profession, 1969-70; and

Research Report 1973-R3, Economic Status of Gr.. Teaching Profession, /972-73. (Copy fight 0 1970 and 1973, respectively, by the National

Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 58.-Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public elementary

and secondary schools: United States, 1952-53 to 1972-73

School year

Percent of classroom teachers paid- Less than $3,600- 64,500- 66,500- $8,607- $7,500- $8,500- $9,500- $10,500- 611,500

63,500 4,499 5,499 6,499 7,499 8,499 9,499 10,499 11,499 or more

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1962 -53 62.0 25.0 1132

1953-54 55.8 26.6 117.6 1954-55 48.5 29.2 122.3 1955-56 42.6 31.4 126.0 1956-57 36.0 33.0 132.0 1957-58 25.6 33.5 140.9 1958-59 i.0 313 26.7 16.7 28.9 1959-60 12.8 29.7 28.2 17.4 211.9

'1960-61 9.2 26.0 27.2 19.3 10.9 37.4 1961-62 5.7 20.9 28.9 22.6 12.9 36.6 1962-83 4.3 17.7 28.0 23.4 14.5 8.1 44.0 1963-64 2.7 14.2 28.6 24.2 15.1 9.0 48.3 1964-65 1.6 11.9 27.0 24.7 16.6 10.1 5.5 52.8 1965-66 .8 8.0 22.7 26.8 19.1 11.6 6.8 54.5 1966-67 .3 4.1 19.7 26.7 19.8 13.2 8.8 4.5 53.1 1967-68 621 11.5 25.5 22.0 15.3 10.6 6.8 58.5 1968-69 76.9 18.1 24.5 18.1 13.4 8.6 8.0 4.3 1969-70 72.9 13.2 20.5 19.7 14.4 11.4 7.7 10.3 1970-71 71.5 7.2 15.6 18.8 15.8 12.5 9.4 19.0 1971-72 8192 17.5 18.5 12.4 10.2 23.1 1972-73 816.4 18.8 17.0 13.3 10.4 28.3 1 64,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

2 56,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

3 $7,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

68,500 or more; datailsd breakdown not available.

Detailed breakdown not available beyond this salary range.

6 Less than 94,500; detailed breakdown not available.

49

7 Less than 6E100; detailed breakdown not available.

8 Less then 67,500; detailed breakdown not available.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1973-R3, Economic Status of the

Teaching Profession, 1972-73. (Copyright 0 1973 by the

National Education Association. AN rights nerved.)
Tablo 59,-Aventoe annual salary of Instructional staff' In fulltime public elementary and secondary day schools,

by State: 1929-30 to 1972-73

State Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollen 11972-73 purchasing power/2

1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 1969-70 1972-733 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 1969-70 1972-733

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 . 10 11 12. 13 United Statas4 $1,420 $1,441 $3,010 $5,174 $8,540 $10,608 $3,562 $4,414 $6,441 $7,599 $10620 $10,605 Alabama 792 744 2,111 4,002 8,954 8,262 1,980 2,279 3,816 5,831 7,882 8,262 Alaska 1,728 (5) (5) 6,859 10,993 15,176 4,322 (5) (5) 9,994 12,461 16,176 Arizona 1,637 1,544 3,556 5,590 8,975 10,863 4,094 4,729 6,428 8,145 10,173 10,883 Arkansas 673 584 1,801 3,296 6,445 7,613 1,683 1,789 3,256 4,801 7,305 7,613

California 2,123 2,361 (5) 66,800 9,980 12,700 5,310 7.201 (5) 69,616 11,312 12,700

Colorado 1,453 1,393 2,821 4,997 7,900 10,280 3,634 4,267 5,100 7,281 8,956 10,290

Connecticut 1,812 1,881 3,658 6,008 9,400 11,200 4,532 5,700 6,432 8,764 10,665 11,200 Delaware 1,570 1,684 3,273 65,800 9,300 11,100 3,927 5,158 6,817 68,451 10,542 11,100

District of Columbia 2,259 2,350 3,920 6,280 11,075 12,605 6,675 7,198 7,086 9,160 12,664 12,606 Florida 876 1,012 2,958 6,080 8,600 9,740 2,191 3,100 5,347 7,402 9,748 9,740

rtarygia 684 770 1,963 73,904 7,372 8,916 1,711 2,359 3,649 75,688 8,358 8,916 Hawaii 1,812 (5) (5) 5,390 9,829 11,114 4,632 (5) (5) 7603 11,141 11,114

Idaho 1,200. 1,057 2,481 4,216 7,257 7,898 3,001 3,238 4,485 6,143 8,226 7,896

Illinois 1,630 1,700 3,458 65,814 9,950 11,564 4,077 6,207 6,251 68,471 11,278 11,564

Indiana 1,488 1,433 3,401 5.542 9,574 10,800 3,667 4,389 6,148 8,076 10,852 10,800

Iowa 1,094 1,017 2,420 64,030 8,200 10,564 2,738 3,116 4,375 65,872 9,295 10,664 Kansas 1.169 1,014 2,828 64,450 7,811 8,899 2,899 ?.,106 4,751 66,484 8,854 8,899

Kentucky 898 826 1,936 3,327 7,624 8,160 2,241 2,530 3,500 4,847 8,642 8,150

Louisiana 941 1,006 2,983 4,978 7,220 9,388 2,354 3,081 5,392 7,253 8,184 9,388 Maine 942 894 2.115 3,694 8,059 9,248 2,356 2,738 3,823 5,382 9,135 9,248

Maryland 1,618 1,642 3,594 5,557 9,885 11,787 3,797 6,030 6,497 8,097 11,205 11,787 Massachusetts 1,875 2,037 3,338 95,545 9,175 10,000 4,690 6,240 6,034 98,079 10,400 10,000

Michigan 1,534 1,576 3,420 5,654 10,126 (5) 3,837 4,827 6,182 8,238 11,477 (5) Minnesota 1,251 1,276 3,013 5,275 9,957 11,315 3,129 3,909 5,447 7,686 11,286 11,315

Mississippi 620 559 1,416 3,314 6,012 7,145 1,551 1,712 2,560 4,828 6,816 7,146 Missouri 1,235 1,159 2,581 4,536 8,091 9,329 3,069 3,650 4,686 6,609 9,171 9,329 Montane 1,215 1,184 2,962 64,425 8,100 (5) 3,039 3,627 5,354 66,447 9,181 (5) Nebrasks 1,077 829 2,292 3,876 7,855 8,951 2,694 2,539 4,143 5,647 8,904 8,951 Nevada 1,483 1,557 3,209 5,693 9,689 11,472 3,709 4,769 5,801 8,295 10,982 11,472

New Hampshire 1,254 1,258 2,712 4,455 8,018 9,313 3,138 3,853 4,902 6,491 9,088 9,313

New Jersey 2,113 2,093 3,511 105,871 9,500 1111,100 6,285 6,411 6,347 108,554 10,768 1111,100 New Mexico 1,113 1,144 3,215 5,382 8,125 8,600 2,784 3,504 5,812 7,842 9,210 8,600 New York 2,493 2,604 3,706 6.537 10,200 13,450 6,235 7,976 6,699 9,624 11,562 13,450

North Carolina 873 946 2,688 4,178 7,744 9,314 2,183 2,898 4,859 6,087 8,778 9,314 North Dakota 900 745 2,324 3,695 6,900 8,382 2,251 2,282 4,201 6,384 7,821 8,382

Ohio 1,665 1,587 3,088 5,124 8,594 9,800 4,164 4.861 5,582 7,466 9,741 9,800 Oklahoma 1,070 1,014 2,738 4,669 7,139 8,200 2,676 3,108 4,946 6,788 8,092 8,200

Oregon 1,612 1,333 3,323 5,535 9,200 9,950 4,032 4,083 5,007 8,064 10,428 9,960

Pennsylvania 1,620 1,640 3,006 5,308 9,000 11,000 4,052 5,023 5,434 7,734 10,202 11,000 Rhode Island 1,437 1,809 3,294 105,499 8,900 10,800 3,594 5,541 5,955 108,012 10,088 10,800 South Caroline 788 743 1,891 3,460 7,000 8.310 1,971 2,276 3,418 5,027 7,934 8,310 South Dakota 956 807 2,064 3,725 6,700 8,034 2,391 2,472 3,731 5,427 7,594 8,034

Tennessee 902 862 2,302 3,929 7,290 8,450 2,256 2,640 4,161 5,726 8,263 8,460 Texas 924 1,079 3,122 4,708 7,503 9,029 2,311 3,305 5,644 6,860 8,505 9,029 Utah 1.330 1,394 3,103 5,096 8,049 8,990 3,326 4,270 5,609 7,425 9,124 8,990 Vermont 963 981 2,348 4.466 8,226 9,128 2,409 3,005 4,244 6,507 9,323 9,128

Virginia 881 899 2,328 4,312 8.200 9,842 2,153 2,754 4,208 6,283 9,795 9,842

Washington 1,556 1,706 3,487 105,643 9,500 11.056 3,692 5,228 6,303 108,222 10,768 11,056

West Virginia 1,023 1,170 2,425 3,952 7,850 8,505 2,659 3,584 4,384 5,758 8,898 8,606 Wisconsin 1,399 1,379 3,007 124,870 9,150 10,812 3,499 4,224 5,436 127,096 10,372 10,812

Wyoming 1,239 1,169 2,798 4,937 8,632 9,700 3,099 3,581 5,058 7,193 9,671 9,700

Outlying areas: American Samoa (5) (5) (5) 852 5,130 4,055 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 4,055 Canal Zone (5) (5) (5) 6,034 10,400 12,793 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 12,793 Guam (5) (5) (5) 4,107 7,800 11,740 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 11.740 Puerto Rico 15) 15) (5) 62,380 (5) 135,846 la) (5) (5) (5) (5) 136,846

Virgin Islands (51 (5) 15) 3,407 (5) 9,810 q) (5) (5) (5) (5) 9,810

1 Includes supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and other

instructional staff.

2 Based on the Consumer PriLe Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor

Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

' Estimated.

4 Beginning in 1959-60,1 tcludes Alaska and Hawaii. 5 Data not available. 6 Partly estimated by the Office of Education.

7 Excludes kindergarten teachers.

Includes administrators,

9 Includes clerical assistants to instructional personnel.

SO

I ncltides attendance personnel. 11Median salaries. 12Excludet vocational schools not operated as pert of the regular public

school system.

"Professional end nonprofessional staff salaries.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statiseks of State School Systems; and Fall 1972 Statittka of

Public Schoott.
Table 60.-Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full-time public elementary and secondary dry schools,

by State: 1970-71 and fall 1971

State Number of pupils on curtailed

sessions, fall 1971 Number of Instruction rooms Total Elementary Secondary

Completed

during 1970-71 Abandoned during 1970-71 Available

and in use, fall 1971

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 United States 1370,786 1106,211 1284,575 285,300 118,006 21,918,000 Alabama 13/ (3) (3) (3) (3) 131 Alaska 102 16 3,246 Arizona 17,278 9,040 8,238 13) (3) (3) Arkansas 105 493 19,187

California 86,742 50,544 16,198 (3) 131 (3) Colorado 2,065 1.213 852 1,404 256 23,610

Connecticut 7.083 1,410 4,653 13) (3) Delaware 102 102 276 83 6,642

District of Columbia 89 24 6,846 Florida 116,147 (4) 4116,147 2,529 686 53,517

Georgia 4,544 3,369 1,185 1,802 941 46,799 Hawaii 298 99 7,746

Idaho 167 103 7,923

Illinois 13) (3) (3) 1,900 300 101,800

Indians 2,643 1.897 646 1,301 116 60,238

Iowa (3) (3) 131 425 310 29,361 Kansas 717 360 26,958

Kentucky 1,438 662 29,162

Louisiana (3) 907 36,166 Maine 4,880 2,977 1,903 271 214 10,483

Maryland 21,331 5,086 16,246 2,087 375 35,067 Massachusetts 20,179 430 19.749 3,236 383 47,669

Michigan 1,808 806 93,086 Minnesota 3,485 3,485 2,445 642 41,657

Mississippi 1,381 1,297 22,356 Missouri 950 967 40,182 Montana Nebraska 684 120 16,701 Nevada 13) (3) (3) 238 10 5,243

New Hampshire 241 133 7,069

New Jersey 32,521 20,591 11,930 2,621 776 62,734 New Mexico 3,018 3,018 637 189 12,683 New York 36,919 7,654 28,365 5,110 1.226 143,743

North Carolina 1,368 832 63,842 North Dakota 232 240 7,971 Ohio (3) (3) 131 Oklahoma 823 294 27,198

Oregon 675 60 22,479

Pennsylvania 29,432 1,111 28,321 2,985 1.010 93.364 Rhode Island 454 176 7,827 South Carolina (3) (3) 28,834

South Dakota 142 106 7,714

Tennessee 900 432 34,621 Texas 2,092 429 (3) Utah 95 30 11.648 Vermont 441 61 5,914

Virginia (3) (3) (3) 1,728 1,001 50,622

Washington 927 13/ 35,915

West Virginia 174 174 656 359 16,825 Wisconsin 3,363 3,363 1,456 693 41,171

Wyoming (3) (3) (3)

Outlying areas: American Samoa 7,998 6,013 1,986 Canal Zone 1 3 ,610 Guam 186 1,047 Puerto Rico 255,971 161,801 94,170 517 253 19,213

Virgin Islands (3) (3) 840 1 Incomplete; excludes States for which data are not 4 Data for column 3 included in column 4. available. 2 Includes estimates for the nonreporting States. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

3 Data not available. IIS,Afare, Office of Education, Fall 1971 Statistics of Public Schools.

51
Number of School Districts Continues to Decline

The number of school districts in the United

States is continuing to decline. The Office of

Education reports that in the fall of 1969 there were

19,169 public school districts - a decrease of 1,271,

or 6 percent, from the 20,440 districts in the

preceding year. Nearly four-fifths of the decrease

occurred in the Midwest, the region that still has close

to one-half of the school districts in the country. A

total of 999 districts were eliminated in 12

Midwestern States between the fall of 1968 and the

fall of 1969. Three States had decreases of more than

100: South Dakota, 441; Nebraska, 193; and

Minnesota, 148.

This marked decline has been occurring for over

20 years. The 1969-70 total of 19,169 districts was

less than one-fourth the number in 1949-50 and less

than one-half the number in 1959-60 (see the

accompanying chart). Despite this continuing trend,

there are still four States with over 1,000 districts:

Nebraska, 1,820; Illinois, 1,227; Texas, 1,216; and

California, 1,082.

The reduction in the number of school districts is

the result of reorganization laws, the consolidation of

small districts, and the elimination of nonoperating

school districts. In 1969 there were still 945 districts

that did not operate schools. These nonoperating

districts either had no pupils during the 1969-70

school year or sent them to school in another district

on a tuition basis.

-NEVA A. CARLSON

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 7.-Number of public school districts: United States, 1949-50 to 1969-70

Thousands

90

70

20

10

1949-50 1951-52 1953-54 1955-56 1957-58 1959-60 1961-62 1963-64 1965-66 196748 1969-70

School year

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Digest of Educational Statistics

and Fall 1969 Statistics of Public Schools.

52
Table 01.-Number of load bolo administrative units

(school distriobi, by Stain Fall 1972

State School districts, fall 1972

Total Operating Non. operating

DIMON

In total number of districts

since fell 1967

(+ denotes

!name) 65,034

1 United States 2 3 4 Alabama Alaska Arizona Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut

Delmont

District of Columbia Florida Georgia Howell Idaho

Illinois

Indiana

Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire

New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma Oregon

Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina South Dakota

Tennessee Texas Utah

13,965 18,614 442

Vermont

Virginia

Washington

West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming

Outlyins areas: American Samoa Canal Zone Guam

Puerto Rico Virgin Islands

125

29 288

387 1,069

181 16826

1 87

188

1 115 1,000

312 452

311 190ea

289

24 410

602

444

150 800

732

1,404

17 187 699

87

764

162 376

621 650

339

606

4093

231

147 1,13540

271 139 318

56 442

60

126

29

281 384

1,0159 181 16626

1 87

188

1 115

1,083

310

452

311 19066

238

24

370

596

440

160

600

en

1,281

17 158 680

87

738

152 342

821 850

338

606

443 93

220

147

1,131

40

245

135

316

55 442

80

173

72

5340

6

4

80

123

1119

18 33

1

114

26

4

+8

+2

+1846

0

13 25

00

70

2 22583

22

25

90

340

+4

118 708

+1 215

108

7680

18+6

3

99a

123

70 299

37

910

12 1,5734

1380 +18+7

250

61 120

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Hes th, Education, and Welfare. Office of

Education. Statistics of Public Elemenssry and Secondary Day Schools.

tail 1987 and fail 1972.

Table 62. -Number of public school systems and number of pupils

enrolled, by size of system: United Steles, 1071-72

School ystems Pupils enrolled

Enrollment dal Number Percent Number (ln

thousands) Percent

1 2 3 4 6 Total 17,236 100.0 248,610 1008

25,000 or more 194 1.1 14,054 29.3

12,000 to 24,999 423 2.6 6938 14.5 8,000 to 11,099 990 6.7 8,194 17.1 3,000 to 6,999 1,913 11.1 7966 16.6 1,800 to 2,999 1952 11.3 4,541 9.5

1,200 to 1,799 1,650 9.8 2,445 5.1 800 to 1,190 2,636 16.3 2,268 4.7 300 to On 2,387 13.7 1,037 2.2

150 to 299 1,645 9.5 366 8

50 to 149 1,416 8.2 138 .3 15 to 49 905 Is 3 20 .1 1 ta 14 770 4.5. 7 (4) None3 378 2.2 0 0

1 Based on the number o pupils enrolled In October 1971.

2 Includes 1932,00.1students enrolled at the college level.

3 Systems not operating schools.

4 Less than .06 percent.

NOTE.-5*cause of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department o1 Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1973

Census of Governments, Vol. 1, Governmental Chpirsization.

Table 63.-Number of local belie administrat)ve units (school districts)

and number of p011o and nonpublic elementary and Noonday schools:

Unfurl Stan, 029-30 to 1970-71

School year School districts2

Public school systems Nolpublio schookti

Elementary schools Secondary

schools Varian.wry Secondary

Total 1teachor 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1929 -30... (31 238.308 149,282 23,930 9,275 3,268

1931-32 ... 127,631 232,750 143,391 26,409 9,734 3,289

1933-34 ... (31 236,236 139,186 24,714 9,992 3,327

1936 -38... (3) 232,174 131,101 25,652 9,992 3,327

1937 -38... 119,001 221,880 121,178 25,467 9,992 3,327

1939-40 ... 117,108 (3) 113,800 (3) 11,308 3,588

1941-42 ... 116,493 183,112 107,892 25,123 10,2535 3,011

1943-44 ... 111,383 109,905 98,302 28,973 10,285 3,011

1946 -48... 101,382 160,227 88,583 24,314 9,883 3,284

1947-48 ... 94928 148,780 75,098 25,484 10,071 3,292

1949-50 ... 83,718 128,225 50.852 24,542 10,375 3,331

1951-52 ... 71,094 123,783 50,742 23,748 10,866 3,322

1953-54 ... 63,057 110,875 42,865 25,837 11,739 3,913

1966 -58... 54,859 104,427 34,964 26,048 12,372 3,887

1957-58 ... 47,594 95,448 25,341 25,507 13,085 3,994

1959 -60... 40,520 91,863 20,213 25,784 13,574 4,081

1961-62 ... 35,876 81,910 13,333 25,350 14,762 4,129

1983 -84:.. 31,706 77,684 9,895 28,431 (3) 4,461

1965 -68... 28,983 73,218 8,491 28,607 15.340 4,008

1967 -88... 22,010 70,879 4,146 27,011 414,900 44,300

1970-71 ... 17,995 85,930 1,815 26,362 14,372 3,770

I Dins to most years are pertly estimated.

2 Includes °aerating and nonoperating districts. 3 Dan not available. 4 Estimated. NOTE.-Spinning In 1959-80, includes Alaska and Howell.

SOURCES: US. Deportment of Heelth, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, &alb*:

of State School Sperms, Fell Statistics of Public Schools; end Statistics of Nonpublic

Elementary and Secondary Schools.

53
Table 64.-Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school:

United States, 1919-20 to 1965-60

School year Total Type of school

School year Total Type of school

Ira

hone' I Junior3 Senior3 Junior- eenior1 Tradi tionel I Junior2 Sonlor1 Junior - senior4

1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 6 6 1919 -20: 1951-52:

Number .. 14,328 13,421 55 22 828 Number . 23,740 10,168 3,227 1,760 0,591

Percent .. 100.0 93,7 0.4 0.1 5.8 Percent ... 100,0 42.8 13.8 7.4 36.2 1929-30: 1958-50:

Number .. 22,237 10,460 1,842 648 3,287 Number .. 24,190 6,024 4,996 3,040 10,130

Percent ... 100.0 74.0 8.3 2.9 14.8 Percent ... 100.0 24.9 20.6 12.6 41.9 1937-38: 1983-64:

Numb!, .. 25,057 15,523 2,372 960 6,203 Number ,, 125,926 7,173 7,143 5,588 8,042

Percent ... 100.0 61.9 9.6 3.8 24.8 Percent ... 100.0 27.7 27.8 21.6 23.3 1945-48: 1965-68:

Number .. 24,122 13,797 2,653 1,312 6,360 Number .. 126,098 8,178 7,920 4,942 5,080

Percent ... 100.0 67.2 11.0 5.4 26.4 Percent ... 100.0 31.3 30.3 18.9 19.4 NOTE.-PrIot o 1983-84, data are for 48 States end District of Columbia.

Because of rounding, percenters may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Education In the United States. 1958-59 Series,

Number 1, Public Secondary Schools; and Statistics of State School Systems.

34

5

Includes regu sr 4year high schools preceded by Blear elementary schools; nu r1"%1611111fl'Itlm tab n Place.

Includes 2- and 3-year lua or high schools.

Includes 3- end 4year senior high schools preceded by junior high schools.

Includes 6- end 6yeer high schools.

Excludes Incomplete regular high schools and vocational or trade high

schools (145 In 1963-84 end 499 In 1965-661.

Table 65.-Number of high school graduates compared with populr.loa 17 years of ape: United States, 1889-70 to 1971-72

School year

Popu.

lotion

17 yews old2 High school graduates" Number graduated par 100 persons 17 yam of age

School year

Popu.

lotion 17.7

High school graduates' Number produced per 100 Reno's. 17 yews of age Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 6 6 1869-70 815,000 16,000 7,064 8,936 2.0 1949-50 2,034,450 1,199,700 570,700 829,000 69.0 1879-80 946,026 23.634 10,605 13,029 2.5 1951-52 2.040,800 1,196,500 569,200 527,300 58.6 1889-90 1,259,177 43,731 18,549 213,182 3.5 1953-54 2,178,600 1,276,100 612,600 683,800 60.0 1899-1900.... 1.489,148 94,883 19,075 56,808 6.4 1955-58 2,270,000 1,414,800 679.500 735,300 62.3 1909- 10 1,786,240 156,429 43,676 92,753 88 1957-58 2.324.000 1,605,900 725,500 780,400 84.8 1919-20 1,855,173 311,268 123,644 187,582 18.8 1959-60 2,882,005 1,864,000 898,000 958,000 86.1 1929-30 2,295.822 866,904 300,376 366.528 29.0 1961-62 2,768,000 1.925,000 941.000 984,000 89.5 1939-40 2,403.074 1,221.475 578.718 642,757 50.8 1963-64 3.001,00) 2.290,000 1,121,000 1,169,000 78.3 1941-42 2,425,574 1.242,375 576,717 665,658 61.2 1965-86 3.515,000 2,632.000 1,300000 1,324,000 74.9 1943-44 7,410,389 1,019,233 423,971 595,262 42.3 1967-68 3,521,000 2,702,000 1,341,000 1,361,000 76.7 1945-46 2,254,738 1,080,033 466,926 813,107 47.9 1969-70 3,825,343 2,896.000 1,433.000 1,483.000 75.7 1947-48 2,202.927 1.189,909 562,863 627,046 54.0 1971-723 3,970,000 3,015,000 1,490000 1,620,000 75.9

Includes graduates of public and nonpublic schools. 2 Oats from the Bureau of the Census. 3 Preliminary data.

NOTE.-Beginning in 1959-60, Includes Alaska end Hawaii.

SOURCES: U.S, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,

Biennia: Sidney of Education In the United chapters on "Statistical Summary of

Education": Statistics of State School Systems; Starbrict of Nonpublic Elementary and

Secondary School,: and unpublished data available In the Office of Education.

Table 66.-Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 24 years old, by race and sex:

United States, 1967 and 1972

Age Negro Male

1 2 Total, 14 to 24 yeses old 23.9

14 and 15 years old 3.5

16 and 17 years old 11.7 18 and 19 yearn old 30.6 20 to 24 years old 42.6

1967 1972 White Negro White Female Male Female Male Female Male Female

3 4 5 6 7 8 9

21.8 11.6 13.1 17.8 17.2 10.7 11.9 4.0

14.6

22.0

36.1

1.5 7.0

i18.8

1.4 9.4

16.1 19.0

2.4

9.4

27.1 27.2

2.7 7.6 21.0

27.3

2.3 7a

13.5

15.3

2.5 9.6

13.2

18.8 NOTE.-Dropouts are persons who are not enrolled in school and who are not high school graduates.

SOURCE: US. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Re; orts. Series P-23, No. 46.

54
High School Graduates Cothpared With

Population 17 Years of Age

The Office of Education estimates that nearly

3.1 million young people graduated from American

high schools during the school year which ended in

June 1973. This estimate is about 200,000 above the

record number of 2.9 million persons who graduated

in the class of 1970.

The size of these graduating classes reflects the

high birth rate in the early 1950's and also the

increasing tendency of students to remain in school at

least until high school graduation. During the past

century, as the accompanying chart shows, the

proportion of young people finishing high school has

steadily increased. Between 1870 and 1970, the

number of high school graduates for each 100 persons

in the population 17 years old rose from 2 to 76.

In the class of 1970, as in each graduating class for

the past 100 years, there were more girls than boys.

Of the 2,896,000 graduates, 1,463,000 (50.5 percent)

were girls, and 1,433,000 (49.5 percent) were boys.

This represents a substantial change in the

distribution of graduates since 1920, when girls made

up 60 percent of the graduating class.

The figures for high school graduates reported

above include graduates of both public and private

schools. In 1970, approximately 90 percent of the

graduates were awarded their diplomas by public high

schools and the remaining 10 percent by private high

schools. In addition, each year a number of persons

are granted high school equivalency certificates. In

1969-70, approximately 142,000 persons received

these certificates.

NEVA A. CARLSON

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 8.Number of high school graduates for each 100 persons 17 years

of age: United States, 1869-70 to 1969-70

80

70

60

50

Ts, 40

E

30

20

10

0

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1920

SOURCE: Table 65.

55

1930 1940 1950 1960 1970
Table W.-Number of public and nonpublic high school viaducts'',

by sax and by Stem 1971-72

State

Public high school graduates' Nonpublic high school greduates2

Total Boys Olds Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 UMW Stew 32,701,000 31,347,000 31,361,000 300,000 144,000 156,000

Alabama 44,806 21,743 23,063 1,700 800 900 Alaska 3,760 1,929 1,831 200 100 100

Arizona 23,953 12,028 11,925 1,400 700 700 Arkansas 25,892 13,178 12,716 700 300 400

California 270,518 134,539 136,979 19,500 9,200 10,300

Colorado 33.454 18,553 16,901 2,100 1,000 1,100

Connecticut 37,804 18,248 19,656 7,700 4,000 3,700 Delaware. 7,886 3,698 3,968 1,000 600 400

District of Colurr.bia 4,965 1,971 2,994 1,800 1.000 800

Florida 78,674 39,176 39,398 3,000 1.600 1,400

Georgia 58,358 28,188 30,172 2,100 1,300 800

Haven 11,185 5,579 5,608 1,800 1,000 800

Idaho 12,829 8,501 0,328 300 100 200

Illinois 138,410 87,210 89,200 24,300 11,100 13,200

Indiana 72,501 36,694 35,807 5,600 2,700 2,900

Iowa 44,426 22,623 21,803 6,400 2,600 2,800

Karim 34,163 17,117 17,048 2,600 1,200 1,400

Kentucky 40,707 20,214 20,493 4,900 2,400 2,600 Louisiana 45,563 21,758 23,807 6,100 2.800 3,300 Maine 14,356 7,081 7,275 3,000 1,700 1,300

Maryland 60,370 24,052 28,318 6,300 2,900 3,400 Mmaechuaens 67,487 433,609 433,878 16,700 7,800 0,900

Michigan 126,409 82,829 63,580 17,200 8,000 9,200 Minnesota 83,135 31,812 31,323 6,400 2,800 3,600

Mississippi 26,529 12,764 13,785 1,000 600 500 Missouri 68,876 30,079 28,797 7,9® 4,000 3,900

Montana 511,000 55,500 55,500 1,100 600 600

Nebraska 21,720 11,070 10,650 2,800 1,400 1,400 Nevada 8,208 3,127 3,079 200 100 100 New Hampshire 9,290 4,656 4,734 2,600 1,500 1,000

New Jersey 588.012 544,409 543,603 12,900 1,,200 8,700

New Mexico 16,999 8,481 8,518 800 400 400 New York 200.950 499,470 4101,480 41,100 18,700 22,400

North Caroline 70,242 34,618 35,624 1,100 600 600

North Dakota 10,615 5,304 5,211 1,200 600 600 Ohio 149,472 74,929 74,543 18,600 8,800 9,800

Oklahoma 38,409 19,781 18,628 800 400 400

Oregon 31,882 18,024 15,868 1,700 800 900

Pennsylvania 156,862 80,442 76,420 31,500 15,200 16,300

Rhode Island 10,909 5,203 5,706 2,500 1,300 1,200

South Carolina 37,071 17,923 19,148 700 400 300 South Dakota 11,946 8,072 5,873 700 300 400 Tennessee 51,622 25,087 28,535 2,700 1,700 1,000 Texas 153,653 78,747 76,906 5,700 2,800 2,900

Utah 18,971 9,587 9,404 400 200 200

Vermont 5,885 2,959 2,916 1,700 900 SOO Virginia 62,372 29,727 32,845 3,800 2,200 1,600

Washington 61,563 26,773 26,790 2,700 1,100 1,600 Vtiest Virginia 22,159 11,279 10,880 800 400 400 Wisconsin 69,817 34,842 34,975 11,100 5,300 5,800

Wyoming 5,778 2,933 2,845 200 100 100 Outlying areas:

American Samoa 408 204 202 40 30 10 Canal Zone 806 404 401 Guam 1,031 609 622 130 50 so Puerto Rico

Virgin Islands

24,901

630

11,196 13,708

4270

2,190

80

830

20

1,360

60

1 Excludes approximately 7000 gredstes of subcollegiate

departments of institutions of higher education, Federal

schools for Indians and on Federal installations, and

residential schools for exceptional children. 2 Estimated.

3 Includes estimates for this nonreporting States.

56

4 Distribution by sex estimated by theOffice of Education.

Office of Educationestimates.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Fall 1972 Srarinks or Public

Schools: and Office of Education estimates.
Table 68.Summary statistics on the educational experience and panond aspirations of high school *anion: United States, spring 1972 Item Percent of seniors Item Percent of seniors Item Percent of seniors Item Percent of seniors 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 Type of high school program: Major factors considered "wry Major weaknesses of high Part-time work withcut school General 32 important" In personal life school attended (cont.) or muses mend:nee 2 Academic or college (continued): School should help students Travel, aka a break, or no preparatory 44 Having strong friendships 79 rind jobs when they leave plans 4 Vocational-technical 24 Being able to find steady school 77 Persons having "a great deal Choke of program strongly influenced by: work Being able to give my chil- 78 School should have placed more emphasis on coca- of Influence" on port-high school plans: Parents 29 dm better opportunities tional and technical Self 91 Friends of same age 15 than I've had 87 programs 71 Parents 43 Guidance counselors 15 Major factors considered "very School did not offer enough Friends of Mfg age 25 Teachers (other than important" In selecting a practical work experience 68 Relatives ether than parents 14 guidance counselors) 10 lob or eerier: School should have used Teachers (other than guidance Relatives other than patents 8 Opportunities to be helpful teaching machines or corn- counselors) 10 Principals or assistant to others or useful to puter-aesisted Instruction Guidance counselors 9 principals 3 society 53 more extensively 52 Clergyman 3 Clergymen 2 Opportunities to work with Teaching techniques employed Principals or assistant Other adults Grading system: 7 people rather than things Opportunities to be original 49 fairly often or frequently in senior year courses: principals Stets employment service 1 Numerical grade-point average 57 and math. 39 Listening to the teachers officers 1 Average letter grade 27 Living and working in the lecture 83 Other adults 17 Average percentage grade 14 world of ideas 35 Writing Nuys, themes, Expected major sources of linen- Other 2 Opportunities for moderate poetry, or stories 64 dal support for those planning High school grade avenge of but steady progress rather Participating in student- further study: . "B" or better: thin the chance of extreme centered discussions 60 Parents or self only 41 Boys 41 success or failure 34 Working on a project or in Bank ken 22 Girls 80 Major strengths of high school laboratory 48 College or university scholar- Five or more hours per week spent on homework: attended (percent of seniors rating school excellent or Having individualized in- struction (smell groups ship or loan State or local scholarship 21 Boys 26 good): or one- to-one sessions or loan 20 Girls 44 Reputation in the community 74 with a teacher) 24 College work-study program 17 Major factors interfering "a Condition Of buildings and Using teaching machines or Private scholarship 10 gnat deal" with education: classrooms 68 computer- assisted instruc- Major reasons given by those Poor study habits 57 Quality of academic instruc- don 12 planning full-time wort: School doesn't offer the don 68 Going on field trips 11 rather than further education: courses I wont to aka 61 Student guidance and coon- Watching television lectures 6 My future plans do not Poor torching 50 soling es Plans for first year after require further schooling 48 Teachers don't help me Library facilities 84 high school: Want to take break, may enough 49 Major weaknesses of high school Attend college 50 . attend school later 44 Courses an too hard 42 attended (percent agreeing Full-time work 26 . Pion to be married: Major factors considered "very with she following state- Attend trade or business Boys 29 Important" in personal life: menu): school 9 Girls 48 Being sua:essful in my line School should have provided Military service or service Need to earn money beau I of work 84 more help for students who academy 3 can pay for further Finding the right person to many and hewing a happy wen having trouble with subjects like math and Full-time homemaker Apprentice or on-the-job 3 schooling School is not for me; I don't 34 family life 82 reading 88 training program 3 like it 29 NOTE. -Date are awed upon a sample unruly of t /mon SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and 18,000 high school seniors and about 1,800 staff minims Welfare, Office of Edutationaietionet Loneinetirtel Study of who counseled 12th-grech students. the Iltgh School Cleo of 1972.
Table 69.-Estimated revenue end nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools,

by source and by State: 1972-73

(Amounts In thousands of dollars)

State Total revenue and

nonrevenue

receipts

Revenue receipts Nonrevenue

receipts

Total

Federal) State Local and other2 Amount Percent of total

Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 United States $56,004,157 $61,1355,646 $4,011,201 7.7 $21,276,795 41.0 626,567,650 612 64238,511 Alabama 513,064 503,064 88,356 17.8 319,708 63.6 95,000 18.9 10,000 Alaska 184,316 145,416 23,179 15.9 105,260 72.4 16,977 11.7 38,900

Arizona 603.265 522,669 38,461 7.4 200,479 38.4 283,738 54.3 80,606 Arkansas 329,084 308,084 47,000 16.3 148,001 48.0 113,083 36.7 21,000

California 6,058,348 5,823,356 395,632 6.8 2,139,353 36.7 3,288,371 56,5 234,992

Colorado 716,868 826.868 48,300 7.7 175,568 28.0 403,000 64.3 90,000

Connecticut 3945,110 935,110 28,990 3.1 216,010 23.1 690,110 73.8 310,000 Delaware 203,400 178,400 13,000 7,3 122,800 68,8 42,600 23.9 25,000

District of Columbia 211.217 211,217 26,960 12.8 184,257 87.2 Florida 1,453,770 1,413,770 152,159 10.8 762,679 53.9 498,932 35,3 40,000

Georgia 869,841 819,841 100,543 12.3 436,666 53.3 282,632 34.6 50,000 Haweil3 233,000 233,000 18,640 8.0 207,370 89.0 6,990 3.0 0

Idaho 165,317 156,317 19,768 12.7 61,026 39.3 74,623 48.0 10,000

Illinois 3,105,920 3,009,770 187,495 6.2 1,161,756 38.6 1,660,620 56.2 98,160

Indiana 1,281,000 1,263,000 363,000 6.0 390,000 31.1 e00,000 63.8 328,000

Iowa 773,605 763,103 27,909 3.7 246,318 32.7 478,878 63.6 20,602 Kansas 538,438 508,438 40,708 8.0 139,140 27.4 328,688 64.6 28,000

Kentucky 605,700 670,700 90,000 15.8 314,700 55,1 166,000 29.1 35,000 Louisiana 893,651 783,651 115,300 14.7 435,383 55.6 232,968 29.7 110,000 Maine 237.425 217,425 20,245 9.3 75,086 34.5 122.095 56.2 20,000

Maryland 1,365,304 1,345,994 92,540 6.9 643,652 47,8 609,802 45.3 19,310 Massachusetts 1,486,500 1,386,500 71,500 5.2 335,000 24.2 980,000 70.7 100,000

Michigan3 2,780,000 2,430,000 92,000 3,8 1,166,000 47.6 1,182,000 48.6 350,000 Minnesota 1,423,000 1,313,000 59,085 4.5 722,150 55.0 631,765 40.5 110,000

Mississippi 408,700 398,700 107,300 28.9 194,812 48,9 98,588 24.2 10,000 Missouri 1,079,197 1,028,402 85,430 8,3 358,985 34.9 583,987 56.8 50,795 Montana3 167,700 162,700 13,800 8,6 41,050 25.2 107,850 66.3 5,000 Nebraska 264.300 252,500 17,000 6.7 44,000 17.4 191,500 75.8 11,800 Nevada 169,815 146,392 8,637 6.9 81,485 42.0 76,270 62.1 23,423

New Hampshire 174,347 164,146 6,800 4.1 9,984 6.1 147,362 69.8 10,201 New Jersey 2,225,000 2,125,000 100,000 4.7 565,000 26.6 1,460,000 68.7 100,000 New Mexico 262,544 257,233 46,782 18.2 161,968 63.0 48,493 18.9 6,311

New York 8,447,000 5,972,000 360,000 6,0 2,470,000 41.4 3,142,000 52,6 475,000

North Carolina 1,091,632 1,059,632 165,102 15.6 674,530 63,7 220,000 20.8 32,000 North Dakota 137,010 135,010 15,800 11.7 39,460 29.2 79,750 59.1 2,000

Ohio 2,668,000 2,408,000 138,000 5.7 796,000 33.1 1,474,000 61.2 260,000 Oklahoma 502,300 474,300 49,300 10.4 225,000 47.4 200,000 42.2 28,000

Oregon 580,280 520,280 23,400 4.5 103,540 19.9 393,340 75.6 60,000

Pennsylvania 3,186,000 3,070,000 193,500 6.3 1,457,500 47.5 1.419,000 46.2 116,000 Rhode Island 217,994 202,994 18,000 8.9 75,829 37.4 109,165 53.8 15,000 South Carolina 537.000 520,000 90,000 17.3 285,000 54.8 145,000 27.9' 17,000 South Dakota 147,500 146,000 18,600 12.7 22,000 16.1 105,500 72.3 1,500 Tennessee 739,678 704,678 92,000 13.1 317,678 45.1 295,000 41.9 36,000 Texas 2,758,737 42,518,633 289,662 10.7 1,185,787 46.3 1,083,184 43.0 240,104 Utah 267,500 262,500 24,000 9.1 139,000 53.0 99,500 37.9 5,000 Vermont3 145,330 136,330 8,310 6.1 44,990 33.0 83,030 60.9 9,000

Virginia 1,250,743 1,170,743 121,400 10.4 464,343 39.7 585,000 50.0 80,000

Washington 1,035,318 955,318 83,495 8.7 451,088 47.2 420,735 44.0 80,000

West Virginia 347,852 340,692 42,381 12.4 190,287 55.9 108,024 31.7 7,180 Wisconsin 1,223,549 1,193,772 45,342 3.8 378,186 31.7 770,244 64.5 29,777

Wyoming3 84,000 82,000 6,500 7.9 25,200 30.7 50,300 61.3 2,000

I Federal revenue receipts include Federa grant programs to State and

local school systems, including funds under the Elementary and

Secondary Education Act, Economic Opportunity Act, aid to

federally Impacted areas, National Defense Education Act, Manpower

Development and Training, vocational education, etc. Funds received

from the School Lunch and Milk Program are included, but reporting

on the money value of commodities received is incomplete. Funds

from States' share of general revenue sharing am included.

2 Local and other revenue receipts include revenue receipts from local

and intermediate sources, gifts, and tuition and fees from patrons.

58

3 Nat oral Education Association estimates. 4 Includes $2,700,000 in county revenue receipts.

NOTE. - Because of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Report

19724312, Estimates of School StatinYcs, 1972-73. (Copyright 0 1973

by the National Education Association. All rights. reserved.)
Table 70.- Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local,

and other sources, by State: 1069 -70

[Amounts in thousands of dollars)

State Total revenue

receipts

Federal' State Local sources

(Including Intermediate)2

Amount Percent of totalAmount Percent of totalAmount Percent of total

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Unhod States $40,266,923 63,219,557 8.0 $16,062,778 30.9 $20,984,589 52.1 Alabama 471,135 86,485 18.4 283,934 60.3 100,717 21.4 Alaska 99,228 22,082 22.3 57,604 68.1 19,642 19.7 Arizona 351,221 42,142 12.0 170,347 48.6 138.732 39.5 Arkansas 252,263 47,801 18.9 110,438 43.8 94,025 37.3 Cali fornia3 4,813,950 281,729 5.9 1,535,872 31.9 2,996,349 62.2 Colorado . 456,102 46,450 10.2 119,262 26.2 289,400 63.6 Connecticut 697,973 26,691 4.5 285,281 47.7 286,001 47.8 Delaware 152,249 10,547 6.9 112,650 74.0 29,053 19.1 District of Columbia 175,021 46,192 25.8 129,829 74.2 Florida 1,148,180 122,884 10.7 831,337 56.0 393,958 34.3 Georgia 720,863 102,995 14.3 382,296 53.0 236,572 32.7 Hawaii 186,230 20,461 11,0 159,705 86.8 46,063 3.2

Idaho 121,632 14,127 11.6 47,673 39.2 69,832 49.2

Illinois 2,473,392 123,792 6.0 768,305 31.1 1,681,295 63.9

Indiana 867,793 52,353 6.0 342,330 39.4 473,109 54.6

Iowa 638,030 34,454 5.4 158,414 24.8 446,162 69.8 Kansas 436,790 34,256 7.8 136,311 31.2 266,224 61.0 Kentucky 450,845 79,270 17.8 235,153 52.2 136,422 30.3

Louisiana 590,865 70,967 12.0 332,099 66.2 187,799 31.8 Maine 187,370 14,144 7.5 70,166 37.4 103,070 55.0 Maryland 859,225 70,073 8.2 294,625 34.3 494,627 67.6 Massachusetts 1,122,367 56,909 5.1 257,361 22.9 808,097 72.0 Michigan 1,902,064 91,048 4.8 856.213 45.0 954,803 50.2 Minnesota 935,981 56,434 6.0 443,505 47.4 438,042 46.6 Mississippi 321,407 67,038 20.9 169,456 52.7 84,914 26.4 Missouri 831,922 61,543 7.4 260,541 31.3 609,837 61.3 Montana5 160,447 9,066 5.7 38,752 24.2 112,630 70.2 Nebraska 243,012 18,389 7.6 46,983 19.3 177,640 73.1 Nevada 105,721 10,653 10.1 37,771 35.7 67,297 54.2 New Hampshire 121,155 8,492 7.0 14,410 11.9 98,252 81.1 Nevv ./ersay3 1,526,800 82,435 5.4 411,062 26.9 1,035,303 67.7 New Mexico 209,394 39,223 18.7 128,305 61.3 41,866 20.0 New York 4,557,429 234,621 5.1 2,098,377 46.0 2,224,430 48.8 North Carolina 781,457 126,942 16.2 464,626 59.4 189,989 24.3 North Dakota 121,797 16,882 13.9 31,167 25.6 73,769 60.6 Ohio 1,901,020 108,589 5.7 515,496 27.1 1,276,935 67.2 Oklahoma 384,583 48,741 12.7 148,693 38.7 187,149 48.7 Oregon 448,347 24,664 5.5 98,278 21.9 325,404 72.6 Pennsylvania 2,270,900 138,553 6.1 1,052,230 46.3 1,080,116 47.6 Rhode Island 164,760 11,095 6.7 64,055 38.9 89,611 64.4 South Carolina 440,697 67.067 16.2 262,886 59.7 110,744 26.1 South Dakota 121,562 16,890 13.9 16,544 13.6 88,128 72.5

Tennessee 546,319 79,577 14.6 251,804 48.1 214,938 39.3 Texas 1,820,809 209,923 11.5 839,946 46.1 770,940 42.3 Utah 218,712 21,156 9.7 113,123 61.7 84,433 38.6 Vermont 102,759 6,071 5.9 41,391 40.3 65,297 63.8 Virginia 831,555 117,380 14.1 292,457 36.2 421,718 60.7 Washington 761,461 55,360 7.3 424,927 65.8 281,153 36.9 West Virginia 279.993 37,943 13.6 148,151 62.9 93,899 33.5 Wisconsin 905,966 41,567 4.6 272,979 30.1 691,421 65.3 Wyoming 75,170 6,392 8.5 27,715 36.9 41,063 54.6 Outlying area Canal Zone 17,973 17,973 100.0 Guam 30,823 6,134 19.9 24,689 80.1

I Includes value of commod'ties distributed under the school

lunch and milk programs.

2 Includes a relatively minor amount from other sources

(gifts and tuition and transportation fees from patrons)

which accounted for 0.4 percent of total revenue receipts

in 1967-68.

3 Data from published annual State report.

59

4 Both State and ocal revenues are reported even though the

entire State of Hawaii is regarded as a single school system.

S Data are for 1970-71.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Stattstks of State School

Systems, 1969-70.
Tab.. 71. -Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal, State, and local sources:

United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71

'School yew Total Federal State Local (Including

Inter- medietell

School year Total Federal State

Local (Including

Inter.

irocilets

2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 AMOUNT IN THOUSANDS Ct DOLLARS PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

1919- 20.... $970,120 52,476 $160, 95 $807,661 1919-20.... 100.0 0.3 16.6 83.2 1929-30.... 2,088,567 7,334 353,0/0 1,727,663 1929-30.... 100.0 .4 18.9 82.7 1939-40.... 2,200,627 39,810 864,364 1,836,383 1939- 40.... 100.0 1.8 30.3 68.0 1941-42.... 2,416,500 34,305 759,993 1,522,281 1941-42.... 100.0 1.4 31.5 67.1 1943-44.... 2,604,322 35,888 859,183 1,709,253 1943- 44.... 100.0 1.4 33.0 65.6 1946-48.... 3,059,846 41,378 1,082,067 1,956,409 1946- 48.... 100.0 1.4 34.7 63.8 1947-48.... 4,311,534 120,270 1,876,382 2,614,902 1947-48.... 100.0 2.8 36.9 58.3 1949-50.... 6,437,044 168,848 2,166.889 3,115,607 1949- 50.... 100.0 2.9 39.8 57.3 1951-52.... 8,423,818 227,711 2,478,596 3,717,507 1961- 62.... 100.0 3.6 38.6 67.8 1953-64.... 7,806,862 355,237 2,944,103 4,587,612 1953-64.... 100.0 4.6 37.4 68.1 1966- 56.... 9.688,677 441,442 3,828,888 8,418,360 1955-58... 100.0 4.6 33.5 55.9 1957-58.... 12,181,513 488,484 4,800,388 8,894,661 1967- 58.... 100.0 4.0 39.4 66.6 1969- 60.... 14,746,818 651,639 6,788,047 8,326,932 1959-60.... 100.0 4.4 39.1 56.5 1961- 82.... 17,627.707 760,975 6,789,190 9,977,542 1961-62.... 100.0 4.3 38.7 66.9 1983- 64.... 20,544,182 808,956 8,078,014 11,609,213 1903-64 . ... 100.0 44 39.3 56.3 1965-66.... 25,358,858 1,996,964 9,920,219 13,433,686 1985-66.... 100.0 7.9 33.1 63.0 1967-68.... 31,903,084 2,806,489 12,275,538 16,821,083 1987-88.... 100.0 8.8 38.6 52.7 1969- 70.... 40,266,923 3.219,567 16,062,778 20,984,589 1969- 70.... 100.0 8.0 30.9 82.1 1970- 71.... 44,511,292 3,753,481 17,652,566 23,206,265 1970- 71.... 100.0 8.4 39.4 52.1

I Includes relatively minor mount from other sources

(gifts, tuition, and triSilipOrtation fees from patrons), which

accounted for 0.4 percent of total revenue receipts In

1937 -68. NOTE-Beginning In 1969-60, includes Alaska and Howell.

Because of rounding, detail mei, not add to totals.

SOURCES: US. Department of Health. Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of Steer School

Systentn and Expenditures end Revenues for Public

Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970-71.

Table 72.-Results of public school bond elections: United States, 1957-58 to 1972-73

Fiscal yew

Number of elections Percent

approved

blued on

number

Par value of issues voted on

(In millions)

Percent

approved

based on

Total Approved Total Approved dollar value

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1957-58 (1) (11 111 $1,542 $1,123 72.8

1958-59 (1) (1) (1) 1,801 1,433 79.6 1959-60 (1) (1) (1) 2,672 1,792 67.1

1960-61 (1) (1) (11 1,605 1,218 75.9

1961-62 1,432 1,034 72.2 1,849 1,273 68.9

1962-63 2,048 1,482 72.4 2,659. 1,851 69.6 1983-64 2,071 1,501 72.5 2,672 1,900 71.1 1964-65

1965-66

2,041

1,745

1,525

1,265

74.7

. 72.6

3,129

3,560

2,485

2,652

79.4

74.5 1966-67 1,625 1,082 66.6 3,083 2,119 69.2

1967-68 1,760 1,183 67.6 3,740 2,338 62.6 1968-69 1,341 762 56.8 3,913 1,707 43.6 1969-70 1,216 647 53.2 3,285 1,627 49.5

1970-71 LOSS 507 46.7 3,337 1,381 41.4 1971-72 1,163 642 47.0 3,102 1,385 44.0

1972-73 1,273 719 56.5 3,988 2,256 56.6

1 Data not available.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Education,Bond Saks for Public School Purposes, 1972-73.

60
Table 73.-Eitimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose

and by State: 1972-73

In thousands of dollars]

State Total expenditures

Current expenditures

Capital

outlay

Interest on Total schwa debt Public elementary

and secondary

day schools Other programs'

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Undid atm& $61.905,025 1145,293,683 843,483,021 61,790,662 $8,008,371 81.613.071 Alabama 501,082 434,582 432,282 7,300 58,200 10,300 Alaska 161,665 122,365 118,583 3,792 31,806 7,504 Arizona 652,099 444,137 444,137 97,829 10,933

MMUS 304,979 271,998 269,089 2,909 24,000 8,981 California 5,743,483 5,175,855 4,408,606 767,2139 404,813 183,015 Colorado 616,045 517,945 513,045 4,900 81,600 16,500

Connecticut 852,600 776,600 770,000 5,600 66,000 22,000 Delaware 198,600 145,600 143,900 1,600 43,200 7,900 EXstrict of Columbia 211,217 173,437 167,885 5,652 37,780 Florida 1,443,852 1,240,927 1,238,227 2,700 173,903 29,022

Georgia 916,950 802,790 786,790 16.000 79,449 34,720 Hawaii 217,405 186,1384 178,768 7,316 29,979 1,342

Idaho 153,375 138,375 136,290 85 14,000 3,000

Illinois 2,977,511 2,841,581 2,608,561 33,000 248,500 87,450

Indiana 1,229,884 959,997 942,182 17,836 224,487 45,400

Iowa 766,439 653,000 653,000 97,439 18,000 Kansas 484,677 439,041 438,320 721 18,939 6,597

Kentucky 526,100 472,100 470,000 2,100 36,000 19,000

Louisiana 802,616 718,698 717,261 1,435 63.119 20,800 Maine 226,800 200,800 194,800 8,000 20,000 6,000

Mary Isnd 1,238,924 898,313 888,968 9,345 304,959 35,652 Messachmems 1,430,000 1,270,000 1,210,000 60,000 115,000 45,000

Michigan 2,9E8,837 2,576,199 2,582,974 12,225 272,333 111,306 Minnesota 1,248,787 1,068,000 1,036,000 30,000 136,361 47,406

Mississippi 401,575 370,875 338,875 32,000 26,000 4,700 Missouri 921,380 808,110 788,313 19,797 91,254 22,016 Montana (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Nebraska 342,516 304,472 299,481 4,991 29,910 8,134 Nevada 147,546 120,546 118,048 2,500 20,000 7,000

New Hampshire 187,289 142,437 141,851 586 20,000 4,852

New Jersey 2,089,000 1,836,000 1,800.000 36,000 185,000 68,000 New Mexico 303,138 273,285 265,388 7,809 27,316 2,557 New York 5,923,000 5,217,000 5,006,400 210,800 510,000 196,000 North Carolina 1,016,179 931,679 858,131 73,548 70,000 13,600 North Dakota 133,280 119,460 118,780 2,700 11,000 2,800

Ohio 2,337,000 2,131,000 2,112,000 19,000 150,000 56,000 Oklahoma 428,600 388,000 385,000 3,000 36,000 5,600

Oregon 552 ,470 506,728 604,840 888 38,542 10,200

Pennsylvania 3,243,800 2,695,800 2,581,434 114,368 351,000 197,000 Rhode Island 222,840 201,360 200,250 1,119 15,471 6,000 South Carolina 497,000 441,000 435,000 8,000 45,000 11,000 South Dakota 141,400 128,500 126,500 2,000 11,000 1,900

Tennessee 696,350 628,360 1318,850 11,600 42,000 28,003 Texas 2,453,383 2,037,508 1,957,508 . 80,000 314,208 101,677 Utah 249,300 219,500 212,500 7,000 25,000 4,800 Vermont 137,379 131,998 131,845 161 2,021 3,382

Virginia 1,101,134 930,734 918,434 21,300 130.000 31,400

Washington 934,350 812,810 098,400 114,210 93,840 27,900

West Virginia 325,093 296,274 289,545 6,729 28,382 3,437 Wisconsin 1,133,787 1,037,591 1,019,962 17,629 81,382 34,814

Wyoming 98,216 87,262 86,277 975. 9,689 1,395

Outlying mem

American Samoa 6,065 5,642 5,190 382 623 Canal Zone 18,484 17,774 15,818 2,156 710 Guam 30,444 26,629 21,588 4,043 4,815 Puerto Rico 319,042 299,431 299,010 421 19,611

Virgin Islands 27,012 27,012 26,985 27

-

(3) (3)

1 Includes expenditures for summer schools, adult education.

community services (such as public libraries operated by

school districts, expenditures for nonpublic schools when

authorized by taw, community centers, and recreational

activities), and community colleges and technical institutes

under the jurisdiction of local boards of education.

2 Includes estimates for the nomeporting State. 3 Oda not available. SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Fall 1972 Shoham of Pubic Schools.

61
Table 74.- Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose

and by State: 1988-70

(In thousands of dollen)

State Tote

expend' tune, ell schools Currant expenditures for full4ime elementary red secondsry day schools Other programs Capital

outlay2

interest on

school Total debt Adminis. ration' Instruction Operation

of plant Manta

nonce of Fixed

charges charge, Other id,"

lerVICO3

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States $40,813,428 334.217.773 31,808,648 323,270,158 382,537,257 311974341 33, 260,020 82.561266 8635,802 84,050,072 81,170,782 Alabama 487,085 422,730 13,495 277,772 18,111 8,828 47,542 57,183 2,171 37,261 5,503 Alaska 103,435 81,374 8,939 61,005 9,261 3,811 4,400 5,958 276 18,068 3,729 Arizona 337,814 281,941 11,885 207,255 23,802 9,236 11,904 18,068 48,404 7,470 Arkansan 269.691 235,083 16,582 148,378 13,853 4,873 21,157 32,280 27,280 7,348 Callfornia4 4,343,580 3,831,595 241,439 2.714,769 280,714 124,811 313,931 156,131 82,369 321,809 107,806 Colorado 433,801 389,218 17,272 259,805 28,569 10,344 27,978 25,260 4,362 48,418 11,803 Connecticut 859,331 688,710 22,725 415,506 1513,828 III 57,766 36,087 3,130 45,802 21,890 Wawa. 181,260 108,747 6,772 72,811 9,187 2,396 8,468 9,313 1,432 44,329 8,752 District of Columbia 173,317 141,138 4,787 100,026 12,982 5,430 7,933 9,980 4,297 27,882 Florida 1,152,451 961,273 36.422 711,275 81,928 30,928 87,782 52,941 17,225 163,341 20,611 Georgia 748,583 599,371 26,840 415,194 38,671 16,683 47,205 67,878 19,182 113,516 17,533 Newell 175,002 141,324 8,811 98,073 4,828 8,924 12,587 12,103 1,689 30,499 1,589

Idaho 121,644 103,107 5,386 88,897 8,261 2,479 9,906 8,307 188 15,823 2,528

Illinois 2,233,552 1,898,067 101,046 1,288,388 176,290 52,020 188,493 112,861 37,984 248,221 64,280

Indiana 1,003,271 809,105 25,148 680,114 72,907 22,094 64,218 64,626 14,731 249,294 20,141

Iowa 643,820 527x6 34,860 354,518 158,838 (5) 37,972 42,901 34,363 89,321 13,050 Karam 402,970 352,593 15,617 265,212 29,678 10,734 23,420 28,031 539 34,407 5,436 Kentucky 389,028 353,265 13,180 248.817 23,244 8,278 21,824 37,922 1,328 22,798 11,838

Louisiana 583,918 503,217 20,781 331,729 27,608 14,848 41,183 87,208 6,596 65,037 20,068 Mane 179,119 155,907 7%153 108,013 12,337 3,379 9,299 16,127 1,238 17,380 4,816

Maryland 912,117 721,794 23,703 606,121 67,728 22,176 81,172 61,894 6,155 161,632 32,036 Massechusetts 1,051,256 907,341 30,883 868,268 73,804 30,986 33,642 69,988 9,219 107,077 27,819 Michigan 2,205,337 1,799,945 87,038 1,206,891 183,551 48,327 201,261 92,888 45,247 284,656 75,489 Minnesota 977,943 781,243 32,280 530,144 88,088 14,793 68,221 87,738 9,651 150,783 38,287 Mississippi 318,478 262,760 11,828 176,297 13,781 8,435 18,141 34,302 25,482 28,313 3,943 Missouri 778,890 642,030 28,731 445,951 48,239 21,518 46,138 63,454 47,452 70,683 18,826 Montana 143,612 4127,178 45,764 483,768 410,202 44,702 410,898 411,743 113,000 73,338 Nebraska 279,605 231,812 14,349 159,581 18,021 7,325 15,850 16,606 2,457 38,662 8,874 Nevada 104,921 87,273 3,621 63,101 7,721 2,838 6,088 5,005 1,036 11,109 5,503

New Hampshire 125,883 101,370 4,071 71,013 7,881 2,185 8,918 9,606 447 19,820 4,025

New .lersey4 1,800,815 1,343,564 347,135 888,876 101,488 39,457 188,561 100,047 14,624 192,204 50,524 New Mexico 209,488 183,738 7,173 124,842 13,744 5,346 15,154 17,477 1,348 22,165 2,229 New York 4,856,111 4,111,839 188,623 2,576,703 1349,217 (1) 620,781 377,614 87,709 324,127 152,438 North Carolina 782,982 678,193 26,245 489,916 31,484 19,978 88,564 62,006 1,148 74,623 11,018 North Dakota 110,446 97,895 6,472 62,928 8,218 1,873 5,949 13,458 2,104 7,606 2,840 Ohio 1,983,251 1,839,805 80,692 1,088,680 148,834 40,338 193,776 87,887 29,951 245,874 47,821 Oklahoma 388,799 339,505 15,944 231,091 25,729 8,662 30,458 29,221 2,203 39,862 5,628

Oregon 482,980 403,844 23,446 272,260 29,935 15,478 35,178 27,660 2,133 48,308 8,898

Pennsylvania 2,534,176 1,912,844 93,719 1,266,087 1206,085 (1) 195,482 161,290 60,708 414,994 145,830 Rhode Island 164,671 146,443 5,975 100,401 11,236 3,471 13,197 11,183 1,201 13,611 4,418 South Carolina 433,896 367,689 20,836 238,405 18,507 9,470 45,120 35,351 10,437 48,834 0,934

South (haat. 125,609 109,376 7,603 72,927 8,212 2,804 7,193 10,738 508 13,826 1,901 Tennessee 563,338 473,228 21,959 323,074 30,1388 10333 41,111 45,283 9,219 82,721 18,172 Texas 1,827,887 1,518,181 79,073 1,090,835 101,513 43,516 109,053 84,192 13,199 221,848 74,629 Utah 208,181 179,981 6,421 121,930 13,477 8,872 17,990 13,291 5,041 18,948 4,212 Vermont 109,993 78,921 4,762 63,132 8,173 2,046 6,873 8,934 118 28,188 2,765

Virginia 848,073 704,877 22,078 499,399 45,359 25,397 68,472 63,973 18,015 102,317 23,084 Washington 858,033 699,984 27,481 460,819 54,166 27,089 66,639 83,842 1,248 131.140 23,882 Wait Virginia 282,483 248,494 10,352 188,464 16,516 8,048 17,689 28,308 4,801 25,233 3,046 Wisconsin 930,977 777,288 30,751 524,719 61,994 22,497 74,182 83,187 10,888 121,038 21,764 Wyoming 73,614 89,584 4,383 48,440 5,179 1,966 5,647 6,070 203 2,380 1,487

... es Outlying mess Canal Zone 17,973 13,528 539 9,684 1,110 690 1,227 278 1,880 2,585 Guam 20.558 18,755 2,068 10,794 976 493 389 2,044 102 3,201

Includes expenditures or administration at all levels.

2 Includes expenditures by school building authorities.

3 Includes estimates for the 4 States that were unable to differentiate between expenditures

for operation and for maintenance of plant.

4 Data from published report or reports.

Expenditures for maintenance of plant are Included with operation of Plant

6 Estimated by the Office of Education.

62

7 Data are for the 1970-71 school yew.

3 Ooas not include expenditures for administration by the State department of education.

NUM.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wafers, Office of Education.

Statistics of State School Systems, 1969 -70.
Table 75.-Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purport= United States, 1919-20 to 1970-71 Purpose of expenditure School year 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 1961-62 1963 -64 1965-66 1967-68 1969-70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS Total expenditures, all schools $1,038,151 $2.316,790 $2,344,049 $6,837,643 $15,613,255 $18,373,1.° 521,324,983 $28,248,028 E32,077,1la 640,663,428 Current expenditures, all schools 864,397 1,853,377 1855,166 4,722,288 12,461.955 14,923,363 17,645,973 21,701,584 27,743,581 34.853,578 Public elementary and secondary schools 861,120 1843,552 1,941,799 4,687,274 12,329,389 14,729,270 17,218,446 21,053,280 26.877,162 34,217,773 Administration 38,752 78,680 91,571 220,050 528,408 648,372 744,770 937,648 1,249,028 1,606,646 Instruction 632,556 1,317,727 1,403,285 3,112,340 8,350,738 10,016,280 11,750,469 14,445,484 18,375,762 23,270,158 Plant operation 115,707 216,072 194,365 427,587 1,085,036 1,283,085 1,445,845 1,762,745 2,074,638 2,537,257 Plant maintenance 30,432 78,810 73,321 214,164 422,586 477,346 539,186 623,581 789,760 974,941 Fixed charges 9,286 50,270 50,116 909,323 1,077,278 1,343,684 1,700965 2,388,286 3,266,920 Other school services! 36,387 101993 129,141 451,663 1,033,297 1,226,903 1,394,492 1,582,858 1,999,689 2,561,856 Summer schools (3) (2) (2) (2) 13,263 21,326 28,994 70,310 105,894 106,481 Adult education2 3,277 9,825 13,367 35,614 26,858 29,536 74,872 120,874 151.864 128,778 Community colleges (2) (21 (2) (2) 34,492 71,252 245,433 301,545 390,069 138,813 Community services I') (I) (1) 57,953 71,979 78,229 155,575 218,592 261,731 Capital outlay3 153,543 370,878 257,974 1,014,176 2,661,786 2,862,153 2,977,976 3,754,862 4,255,791 4,659,072 Interest 18,212 92,536 130,909 100,578 489,514 587,823 701,044 791,580 977,810 1,170,782 PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION Total expenditures, all schools 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Current expenditures, all schools 83.4 80.0 83.4 80.9 79.8 81.2 82.7 82.7 84.1 85.7 Public elementary and secondary schools 83.1 79.6 82.8 80.3 79.0 802 80.7 802 81.5 84.1 Administration 3.5 3.4 3.9 3.8 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.8 3.9 Instruction 61.0 569 59.9 53.3 53.5 54.5 55.1 55.0 55.7 572 Plant operation 11.2 9.3 8.3 7.3 6.9 7.0 6.8 6.7 6.3 62 Plant maintenance 2.9 3,4 3.1 3.7 2.7 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.4 Fixed charges .9 22 2.1 4.5 5.8 5.9 6.3 6.5 7.2 8.0 Other school services1 3.5 4.4 5.5 7.7 6.6 6.8 6.5 6.0 6.1 6.3 Summer schools (2) (2) (2) (2) .1 .1 .1 .3 .3 Adult education2 .3 .4 .6 .6 .2 .4 .5 .5 Community colleges (2) (2) (2) (2) .2 .4 1.2 1.1 1.2 .3 Community services (1) II) (I) .4 .4 .4 .6 .7 .6 Capital outley3 14.8 18.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 15.8 14.0 14.3 129 11.5 Interest 1.8 4.0 5.6 1.7 3.1 32 3.3 3.0 3.0 2.9 'Prior to 1959-60, items Included under "other school services" were listed under "auxiliary services," a more comprehensive classification which also included community services. 2 Prior to 1959-60, data shown for adult education represent combined expendtures for adult education, summer schools, end community colleges. 3 Prior to 1965-66, excludes capital outlay by State and local schoolhousing authorities. 1970-71 12 $45,499,862 39,630,460 38,656,967 1.789,107 26,224,359 3,081,104 879,161 3,657,396 3,025,837 ) 973,493 4,551,854 1,317,548 100.0 87.1 85.0 3.9 57,6 68 ' 1.9 8.0 6.7 10.0 2.9 NOTE. - Beginning in 1958-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Because of rounding, detail not add to totals. SOURCES: US. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of State School Systems: and ExpescUturcs and Revenuer for Public Elementary and Secondary Education, 1970-71.
Table 78. -Pars final inconta, 1972, related to public school expenditures,

by Stets: 1972-73

State Personal income Total expenditures for

public elementary and

secondary education

Current expenditures for

public elementary and

secondary day schools

Total

(in millions) Per capita

Amount

Ili thousandell

Ass percent

of personal

income Amount

(In thousands1

As a percent

of personal Income

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

linked States 11935,350 $4,492 2$51,905,025 5.55 2$43,493,021 4.86 Alabama 12,004 3,420 601,082 4.17 432,282 3.60 Alaska 1,671 6,141 161,685 9.67 118,663 7.10 Arizona 8,292 4,263 552,899 8.67 444,137 6.36 Arkansas 8,856 3,365 304,979 4.58 289,089 4.04 California 102,099 4,988 5,743,483 5.63 4,408,698 4.32 Colorado 10,782 4,674 616,045 6.71 613,045 4.78 Connecticut 16,421 6,328 862,500 6.19 770,000 4.69 Delaware 2,931 6,188 196,600 6.71 143,900 4.91 District of Columbia 4,688 6,265 211,217 4.61 167,885 3.58 Florida 31,779 4,378 1,443,852 4.64 1,238,227 390

Georgia 18,451 3,909 916,969 4.97 786,790 4.26 Hawaii 4,020 6,031 217,405 6.41 178,768 4.46

Idaho 2,868 3,780 163,375 6.37 136,280 4.77

II li lob 57,829 6,140 2,977,611 5.16 2,608,561 4.61

Indiana 23,101 4,366 1,229,884 6.32 942,182 4.08

lows 12,396 4,300 766,439 6.18 663,000 6.27 Kansas 10,058 4,455 464,677 4.62 438,320 4.36 Kentucky 11,905 3,809 626,100 4.42 470,000 3.95

Louisiana 13,179 3,543 802,615 6.08 717,261 6.44 Maine 3,714 3,610 226,800 8.11 194,800 6.26 Maryland 19,803 4,882 1,238,924 8.26 888.968 4.49 Massachusetts 28,098 4,856 1,430,000 5.09 1,210,000 4.31 Michigan 44,325 4,881 2,958,837 6.68 2,582,974 5.78 Minnesota 16,748 4,298 1,248,767 7.48 1,036,000 6.19 Mississippi 7,099 3,137 401,576 6.66 338,875 4.77 Missouri 20,403 4,293 921,380 4.52 788,313 3.86 Montana 2,875 3,999 17) (3) (3) (3) Nebraska 8,642 4,356 342,516 6.16 299,481 4.61 Nevada 2,676 6,078 147,646 6.61 118,046 4.41 New Hampshire 2,270 4,241 167,288 6.12 141,861 4.34 38,543 6,232 2,089,000 6.42 1,800900 4.87 New Mexico 3,798 3,564 303,138 7.99 265,386 6.99 New York 96,280 6,242 5,923,000 8.15 5,006,400 5.20 North Carolina 19,809 3,799 1,015,179 6.12 858,131 4.33 North Dakota 2,363 3,738 133,260 5.64 116,760 4.94 Ohio 43,888 4,534 2,337,000 4.78 2,112,000 4.32 Oklahoma 9,996 3,796 428,600 4.29 385,000 3.85 Oregon 9,364 4,287 552.470 5.91 504,840 6.40 Pennsylvania 53,249 4,466 3,243,800 6.09 2,581,434 4.86 Rhode Island 4,340 4,483 222,840 6.13 200,250 4.81 South Carolina 9,268 3,477 497,000 5.36 435,000 4.69 South Dakota 2,512 3,699 141,400 6.63 126,500 6.04

Tennessee 14,796 3,671 696,350 4.71 816,850 4.17 Texas 46,488 3,991 2,453,393 6.28 1,957,608 4.21 Utah 4,197 3,728 249,300 6.94 212,600 5.06 Vermont 1,703 3,686 137,379 8.07 131,846 7.74 Virginia 20,478 4,298 1,101,134 6.38 918,434 4.48 Washington 16,399 4,472 934,360 6.07 698,400 4.54 West Virginia 8,402 3,694 326,093 5.06 289,845 4.62 Wisconsin 19,232 4,256 1,133,767 6.90 1,019,962 6.30 Wyoming 1,494 4,330 88,216 6.57 88,277 6.77 1 Includes current expenditures, capital outlay, and

interest. 2 Includes estimates for nonreporting State. 3 Data not available. NOTE. - Because of rounding, detail may not add to

64

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Fail 1972 Statistics of Public

Schools. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current Bushiest, August 1973.
Table 77.-Estimated expenditure per pupil In average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary

day schools, by State: 1972-73

State

Expenditure per pupil

Total Currant Capital

outlay

Interest on

school debt

1 2 3 4 5

United States $1,152 $1,026 $115 $35

Alabama 680 690 76 14

Alaska 1,961 1,473 395 93

Arizona

Arkansas

1,291

731

1,038

651 228

se 25

22

California 1,129 1,000 92 37

Colorado 1,138 965 152 31 Connecdcut 1,365 1,241 89 35

Delaware 1,575 1,162 349 64

District of Columbia 1,626 1,327 299

Florida 1,030 885 124 21 Georgia 895 782 79 34

Hawaii 1,240 1,065 177 8

Idaho 888 772 79 17

Illinois 1,394 1,236 118 41

Indiana 1,100 865 204 41

Iowa 1,238 1,055 157 26 Kansas 1,025 969 42 14

Kentucky 788 707 63 28

Louisiana 1,002 897 79 28

Maine 952 840 86 26

Maryland 1,473 1,065 365 43

Massachusetts 1,234 1,090 104 40

Michigan 1,461 1,271 135 55

Minnesota 1,387 1,179 154 54

Mississippi 761 689 53 9

Missouri 984 eel 99 24

Montana (1) (1) 111 11)

Nebraska 1,074 963 95 26

Nevada 1,199 976 165 68 New Hampshire 1,073 913 129 31 New Jersey 1,476 1,294 133 49

Now Mexico 1,106 994 102 9

New York 1.808 1,584 162 82

North Carolina 880 802 65 13

North Dakota 966 866 81 20

Ohio 1,038 948 67 25

Oklahoma 778 704 64 10

Oregon 1,262 1,155 84 23

Pennsylvania 1,427 1,177 160 90

Rhode Island 1,232 1,113 Be 33

South Caroline 847 751 77 19

South Dakota 900 817 71 12

Tannesses 811 730 50 31

Texas 943 778 125 40

Utah 843 739 87 17

crermont 1,360 1,307 20 33

Virginia 1,082 920 130 32

Washington 1,119 963 128 38

West Virginia

Wisconsin

826

1,241

749

1,134

68

68

9

39

Wyoming 1,193 1,059 117 17

Outlying maw:

American Samos 719 853 68

Canal Zone (1) (1) 11/ Guam 1,047 858 191 Puerto Rico 483 453 30

Virgin Islands 1,433 1,433 11/ 1 Data not available.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, Statiffics of Public Elementary and Secondary Day

Schools, Fa111972; and unpublished data.

65

Table 78.-Totel and current expenditure per pupil

in memos daily attendance In public elementary

and secondary schools: United States,

1e29 -30 to 1972-73

School year

Unadjusted dollars

Adjusted

dollars

(1972 -73

purchning

powerIl

Total2 Current Total2 Current 1 2 3

..- 4 6 .- 1929-30 $108 $87 $270 $218

1931-32 97 81 288 241 1933-34 76 67 248 217

1935-38 88 74 274 231

1937-38 100 84 299 251

1939-40 106 88 325 270

1941-42 110 98 302 269

1943-44 126 117 307 288

1945 -48 145 136 341 319

1947-48 203 179 373 329

1949-50 269 209 468 378

1951-52 313 244 510 397

1953-54 351 265 ._569 422

1955-66 388 294 618 468

1957-58 449 341 672 511

1959-60 472 375 688 548

1961-62 530 419 755 597

1963-64 559 460 776 638

1965-66 654 537 877 719

1967-68 786 658 989 829

1969-70 970 816 1,099 925

1971-72 1,100 934 1,144 972

1972-733 1,182 1,026 1,182 1,026

1 Based on the Consumer Price Indsx, prepared by the

Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

2 Includes current expenditure. capital outlay, and Interest

on school debt.

3 Estimated.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of State School

Systems; and Fall Statistics of Public Schools.
Table 79.-Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds

for vocational education: United States

and outlying areas, 1920 to 1972

(In thousands of dollars:

Fiscal year Total Federal State Local

1 2 3 4 5

1920 $8,536 $2,477 $2,670 $3,388

1930 29,909 7,404 8,233 14,272

1940 65,081 20,004 11,737 23,340

1942 69,023 20,758 14,045 24,220

1944 64,299 19,958 15,016 29,325

1946 72,807 20,628 18,638 33,641

1948 103,339 26,200 26,834 51,305

1960 128,717 26,623 40,634 81,561

1952 146,466 25,863 47,818 72,784

1964 151,289 25,419 64,550 71,320

1956 175,886 33,180 61,821 80,884

1958 209,748 38,733 72,305 98,710

1960 238,812 45,313 82,466 111,033

1962 283,948 51,438 104,284 128,246

1964 332,785 56,027 124,975 152,784

1968 799,895 233,794 216,683 349,518

1968 1,192,863 262,384 400,382 630,117

1970 1,841,848 300,046 II) 11,541,801

1971 2,347,353 396,378 (I) 11,950,975

1972 2,660,759 486,029 III 12,194,730

I State funds are included with local funds in column 5.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education;

and unpublished data.

66

Table 80.-Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds

for vocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1972

[In thousands of dollars). State Expenditures by source

Total Federal State and

local 1 2 3 4 United States

and outlying wen 62,060,799 $466,929 $2,194,730 Alabama 37,968 10,441 27,627 Alaska 4,966 911 4,065 Arizchla 17,702 4,281 13,421 Arkansas 16,207 5,384 10,823

California 259,756 37,614 222,242

Colorado 28,923 4,902 24,021

Connecticut 39,126 3,873 35,262 Delaware 8,660 1,196 7,464

District of Columbia 3,210 847 2,363

Florida 90,192 14,777 73,415

Georgia 52,264 15,285 36,979 Hawaii 7,808 2,261 5,546

Idaho 7,307 2,419 4,888

Illinois 189,099 19,848 169,251

Indiana 35,810 11,608 24,202

Iowa 34,531 6,323 28,208 Kansas 19,623 5,236 14,387

Kentucky 34,479 9,282 25,197

Louisiana 32,176 10,493 21,682 Maine 16,796 2,583 13,213

Maryland 66,610 6,686 69,924 Massachusetts 128,816 10,243 118,572

Michigan 56,999 12,704 44,295 Minnesota 56,386 8,968 47,428

MluissIppi 26,380 7,432 18,948 Missouri 45,209 10,026 35,184 Montana 8,669 2,182 6,387 Nebraska 12,513 3,691 8,822 Nevada 4,302 1,205 3,097

New Hampshire 7,493 1.686 6,807

New Jersey 42,542 13,574 28,988 New Mexico 10,192 3,254 6,938

New York 328,853 33,816 294,837

North Carolina 99,029 15,634 83,395

North Dakota 6,059 2,127 3,932

Ohio 139,092 22,497 116,595

Oklahoma 28,652 7,788 20,764

Oregon 27,662 5,242 22,320

Pennsylvania 172,066 27,661 144,395 Rhode Island 8,850 1,761 7,089

South Carolina 24,758 9,383 15,375

South Dakota 5,445 2,135 3,310

Tennessee 39,900 9,474 30,476 Texas 130,241 28,194 104,047 Utah 18,455 3,109 16,346

Vermont 9,355 953 8,402

Virginia 44,988 12,244 32,744

Washington 53,492 6,984 44,608

West Virginia 14,499 5,234 9,266 Wisconsin 71,470 9,191 82,279

Wyoming 4,833 846 3,787

Outlying arose: American Samoa 273 141 132 Guam 1,834 434 1,400

Puerto Rico 27,150 9,611 17,639

Trust Territory of Pacific Islands 1,746 290 1,456

Virgin Islands 1,058 178 882 NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S.Dapirtrnent of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, Vocational and Technical Education, Annual Report, Fiscal Year 1972.
CHAPTER III

Higher Education

Universities and colleges exist in every State in the

Union and in all of the larger and more populous

outlying areas. More than two-fifths of the entire

group of nearly 2,700 institutions are under the

control of State governments or of cities, counties, or

other subdivisions of States. Seven service schools are

controlled by the Federal Government. The remaining 56 percent of the institutions are controlled

by religious denominations, professional organizations, or self-perpetuating groups of public-spirited

persons. The publicly controlled colleges and universities tend to be much larger than their privately

controlled counterparts. Approximately three-fourths

of all college students attend public institutions.

A salient characteristic of higher education in this

country is its diversity. American colleges and universities offer a wide range and great variety of programs. For example, a junior college usually offers

only the first 2 years of training at the college level,

but a university normally offers a full undergraduate

course in the liberal arts, graduate work leading to the

doctorate, and courses preparing for entrance into at

least two or three of the learned professions. Between

these two extremes are numerous colleges which

reflect local needs and purposes.

Higher education is becoming increasingly accessible to all segments of the population. The growth of

public junior colleges and other low-cost public institutions means that the expenses of the students

attending these institutions can be held to a minimum.

The Basic Educational Opportunity Grant Program,

Guaranteed Student Loan Program, and other Government programs have also attracted many students

67

who otherwise would have t -ad it difficult to

fmance a college education.

The Office of Education conducts an annual

survey of opening fall enrollment in which it obtains

statistics directly from the colleges and universities on

total and first-time students. These data are usually

available within 3 or 4 months after the opening of

the fall term. The opening fall enrollment survey has

been supplemented from time to time by a comprehensive survey in which more detailed information is

requested. In the comprehensive survey, students are

classified not only by control of institution and by

sex but also by status as resident or extension

students and by full-time or part-time attendance.

Other studies of institutions of higher education

which have been conducted periodically by the Office

of Education include surveys of faculty and other

professional staff; faculty salaries; earned degrees

conferred; enrollment for advanced degrees; engineering enrollments and degrees; receipts, expenditures, and property; basic student charges, including

tuition and fees and room and board rates; and

land-grant institutions. The most recent data from

each of these studies are summarized in the pages

which follow.

Some of the tables in this chapter provide totals

for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Others

also include those outlying areas American Samoa,

the Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Virgin Islands

which have within their borders one or more institutions of higher education. The coverage of each table

is specified in its title or in the table stub.
Table 81.-Tets110116116111111 In Institutions of higher education, by attendance status and sax of student,

control of Institution, and Stets: Fall 1972

State

Total

enrollment Attendants status Sex of student Control of institution

Full.time Porttime Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 United States 9,214,860 6,072,369 3,142,471 5,231,757 3,976,103 7,009,574 2,145,266 Alabama 118,755 86,743 32,012 67,374 51,381 101,916 16,840 Ala*. 13,745 4,802 0,143 8,749 8,998 12,429 1,318

Arizona 123,722 63,955 69,767 70,708 63,014 121,196 2,527 Arkansas 53,923 44,792 9,131 30,220 23,703 45,364 8,669

California 1,374,978 689,717 685,269 780,015.. 594,931 1,234,801 140,175

Colorado 129,153 91,478 37,675 73273 55,880 114,508 14,846

Connecticut 131,012 54,230 48,782 73,427 57,585 79,628 61,384

Delmar* 27,781 18,015 9,748 15,089 12,672 23,984 3,797

District of Columbia 80,472 45,417 35,055 47,393 32,589 15,213 65,259 Florida 260,148 175,331 84,617 150,177 109,971 214967 45,281

Georgia 141,179 103,061 38,118 79,382 61,817 115,474 26,705 Hawaii 42,642 30,713 11,829 23,738 18,804 38,518 4,024

Idaho 35,127 26,100 9,027 19,992 15.135 78,099 7,028

Illinois 486,384 7'1,722 180,662 271,644 214,740 391,791 134.593

Indiana 201,424 144457 58,967 116,289 85,135 148,598 62,826

Iowa 100,470 92,629 16,941 83.434 46,036 72,078 37,392 Kansas 107,858 81,578 26,282 62,378 45,482 96,068 12900

Kentucky 108,178 79,912 28,266 59,675 48,603 wen 10,340

Louisiana 134,389 103,404 30,985 75,382 59,007 114,536 19,550

Mein, 34,651 26,014 8,637 19,934 14,617 25,482 9,069

Maryland 168,011. 97,754 70,257 93,104 74907 138,281 31,730 Maseachusem 321,939 224,584 97,356 182,987 13L,952 135,007 186,932

Michigan 408,888 251,957 154,731 231,972 174,716 355,384 51,304 Minnesota 158,005 120,291 37,714 89.088 68,939 126,879 31,126

Mississippi 80,278 84,152 16,124 42,408 37,868 71,077 9,199 Missouri 188,851 131,334 67,517 108,799 80,062 137,124 51,727 Montana 28,195 22,886 5,300 16,455 11,740 26,652 2,543 Nebraska 66,064 50,571 15,483 37,572 28,482 62,412 13,642 Nevada 17,271 8,840 8.431 9.680 7,811 17,167 104 New Him*** 30,199 26,345 3,864 17,751 12,448 16.402 13,797

New Jersey 240,891 42,672 98,219 133,167 107,734 171,672 09,219 New Mexico 48,493 33,048 15,447 28,526 19,962 44,531 3,981

New York 850,478 538,927 311,651 468,014 384,484 511,055 339,423

North Carolina 196,610 160,714 47,796 112,361 86,119 148,751 49,759

North Dakota 29,785 24,863 4,902 17,359 12,406 28,388 1,377

Ohio 390,271 280,589 109,682 226,397 163,574 292,908 97,383

Oklahoma 122,183 87,376 34,806 72,729 49,454 102,984 19,199

Oregon 123,209 77,099 48,110 69,394 53,815 100,206 14,004

Pennsylvania 429,891 335,077 124,814 249,683 179,998 249,221 180,470

Rhode bland 50,004 34,646 15,358 29,071 20,933 27,849 22,155

South Carolina 93.798 67,430 28,366 54,699 39.697 70,250 23,546

South Dakota 28,900 23,327 5,673 16,145 12,755 22,653 6,347

Tennessee 147,290 111,601 35,698 84,531 62,768 110,271 37,028 Texas 487,842 337,847 149,995 289,401 198,241 406,403 81,239

Utah 82,278 53,398 18,880 48,226 34,050 60,408 31,872

Vermont 25,712 21,108 4,608 13,196 12,518 13,819 11,893

Virginia 176,484 120,238 56,248 96,548 79,936 147.588 28,808

Washington 193,122 126,792 88,330 108,748 88,378 171,545 21,577

West Virginia 63,808 48,500 16,108 35,685 27,923 52,820 10,788 YAsconain 217,835 154,745 63,090 126,230 91,606 187,181 30,654

Wyoming 17,651 11,335 6,316 9,596 8,055 17,651 U.S. Service Schools 18,780 18,730 16,776 4 16,780

Outlying arm 92,927 59,011 23,909 37,146 46,792 52,240 30,991 American Samoa 848 218 830 428 420 848 Canal Zone 1,476 484 1,012 ami1' 735 1,478 Guam 3,351 2,061 1,300 1,770 1,681 3,351

Puerto Rico 75,365 55,568 19,767 33,460 41,895 44,868 30,687

Trust Territory of the

Padfic Islands 121 121 90 31 121 114nIdands 1,776 576 1,200 666 1,120 1,776

NOTE.-Total enrollment includes students whose programs

of study are creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree

and also undergraduate students in 1-, 2, or 3yeer

occupational programs which are not createbie toward

bachelor's degree.

68

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. and

Welfare. Office of Education, Fell Enrollment ln Ifisher

Education. 1972.
Table 82.-Total and first-time degee-credlt enrollment In lentltutIons of higher education, by elate:

Fail 1972 and fail 1973

. State Total enrollment First-time students 1972 19731 1972 19731

1 2 3 4 5

United States 87116,057 9,370,003 1,740,438 1.770,000 Alabama 110,410 112,000 24,788 25,000 Alaska 13,577 14,000 3,240 3,000

Arizona .. 110,486 112,000 28,652 27.000 Arkansas 52,288 53,030 12,839 13,000

California tows:* 1,109,000 198064 203,000

Colorado 118,988 118,000 23,896 24,000

Connecticut 129,963 132,000 29,113 30,000 Delaware 24,267 25,000 8,416 7,030

District of Columbia 70,913 81,000 9,209 9,000

Florida 229,023 231,000 51,150 52,000

Geo*, 136,069 138,000 26,718 27,000 Hawaii 363e0 36,000 6,1133 7,000

Idaho 31,1113 32,000 9,465 10,000

Illinois 418,844 422,000 88917 91,000

Indiana 194,132 197,000 38,906 33,000

Iowa 98,034 90,000 22,159 ' 23,000 Kansas 104,250 106,000 24,547 28000

Kentucky 102,850 104,000 19,904 20,000

Louisiana 132,275 134000 26,929 27,000

Maim 32,514 33,000 .-. . 8,758 9,000

Maryland 150,721 153,000 31,276 32,000 Massachusetts 301,744 305,000 64,607 Ist000

Michipn 347,828 362,000 73,727 75,000 Minnesota 155,652. 158,000 32,195 33,000

Missiselpg' 74,819 78003 19,230 20,000 Missouri 178,420 181,000 36,087 37,000 Montana 27,311 28,000 8,011 6.000 Nebraska 63,181 64,000 13,292 1000

Nevado 14,353 15,000 3,282 3000

New Hampshire 29,525 30,000 7,407 8,000

New Jersey 224,839 227,000 52,218 53,000 New Mexico 47,208 48,000 8,818' 9.000

New York 1137,681 848,000 170,734 173,000

North Carolina 155,732 158,000 , 38,429 39,000

North Dakota 27,356 28,000 6901 MOD

Ohio 354,774 369,000 72,316 74,000

Oklahoma 118,895 120,000 24,033 24,003

Oregon 93,412 95,000 24,186 25,000

Pennsylvania 398,427 403,000 77,519 79,000 Rhode Island 47,676 48000 9,252 9,000

South Caroline 78,328 79,000 21,481 22,000

South Dakota 28,206 29,000 6075. 8000

TOIMININMI 143,241 145,000 28,913 29,000 Texas 448,855 452,000 91,527 93,000 Utah 73,229 74,000 13,801 14,000

Vermont 24,716 25,000 6.426 7,000

Virginia 156,815 159,000 41,784 42,000

Washington 151,120 153,000 43,607 44,000

West Virginia 50,828 81,000 12,724 13,000 Wisconsin 176,086 177,000 36,582 36,000

Wyoming 16,111 15,000 3,997 4,000 U.S. Service Schools 16,790 17,030 4,238 4,000

Outlying as 78,C62 77,000 17,102 17,000 American Samoa 848 1,000 107 . 12) Canal Zone 1,415 1,000 872 1.000 Guam 2,990 3,000 838 1,000

Puerto Rico 71,020 72,000 ' 18232 15,000

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 121 (2) 121 131 Virgin Islands 408 f21 136 (2) 11 Estimated. 2 Fewer than 500 students. SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Educadon, and Welton, Off ke of Education, Fait Farolimant Ist Way !Miami" 1972;

and Office of Education estimates.
Table 83,-Total envollment in Institutions of higher education, by type end level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1972

State All degree- credit and

non-degreecredit

. students

Degree-credit students Non - dearer credit students Total resident and extension

students Resident students Extension

Total Under- students graduate First- professional

Graduate Unclassified

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 United States 9,214,880 11,2115057 7,960,526 6,377,896 20em* 943,358 422,813 314,531 949,803

Alabama 118,765 110,410 109,035 91,766 2,427 10,003 4,850 1,376 8,345

Alaska 13,746 13,577 12,439 9,127 0 464 2,848 1,138 168 Arizona 123,722 110,488 102,855 80,333 1,303 10,855 10,384 7,613 13,254 Arkansas 53,923 52,268 60,218 45,030 1,138 3,140 910 2,060 1,655

California 1,374,976 1,096,005 1,028,305 845,144 23,696 114,965 44,601 67,700 278,971

Colored° 129,163 116,968 110,949 87,335 2,466 11,271 9,887 6,019 12,185

Connecticut 131,012 129.'33 128,424 97,209 2,138 22,471 6,606 1,639 1,049 Delaware 27,761 24,287 20,076 17,451 0 1,798 827 4,191 3,494

District of Columbia 80,472 70,913 72,633 40,457 8,095 16,547 8,634 7,280 559 Florida 260,148 229,023 222,797 186,962 3,859 16,891 16,086 6,226 31,126

Georgia 141,179 138,059 133,451 107,745 3,951 17,757 3,998 2,608 6,120

Hawaii 42,542 36,269 33,828 26,683 0 4,058 3,187 1,441 7,273

Idaho 35,127 31,813 30,337 28,711 254 2,406 966 1,476 3,314

Illinois 486,384 416,844 400,692 310,798 14,176 47,660 27,968 16,252 69,640

Indiana 201,424 194,132 189,926 146,248 4,811 30,926 8,142 4,208 7,292

Iowa 100,470 98,034 95,889 80,846 3,314 9,376 2,354 2,145 11,438 Kansas 107,858 104,250 100,993 83,636 2,271 10,644 4,442 3,257 3,608

Kentucky 108,178 102,850 9C 890 81,829 4,279 11,234 1,548 3,960 5,328

Louisiana 134,389 132,276 130,120 107,737 4,316 .4,192 3,875 2,155 7,114

Mains 34,551 32,514 30,738 25,860 275 1,511 3,100 1,778 2,037

Maryland 168,011 150,721 147,837 108,112 3,937 18,488 17,100 3,084 17,290 Massachusetts 321,939 301,744 277,930 211,915 10,698 41,680 13,737 23,814 20,195

Michigan .406,688 347,828 :05,237 281,354 9,839 39,335 4,709 12,591 68,860

Minnesota 168,005 155,652 138,501 116,012 4,089 12,627 4,973 17,151 2,363

Mississippi 80,278 74,819 73,029 63,163 1,177 7,161 Lull 1,790 5,457

Missouri 188,851 178,420 174,823 128,959 7,402 19,935 18,527 3,6'.7 10,431

Montana 28,195 27,311 25,044 23,164 188 1,396 1,208 1,387 884 Nebraska 68,054 63,161 81,514 51,141 ^ "31 5,766 2,076 1,647 2,893 Nevado 17,271 14,353 14,030 10,982 5 2,013 1,036 323 2,918

New Hampshire 30,199 29,525 27,601 26,394 85 1,690 452 1,924 674 New Jersey 240,891 224,639 215,328 159,969 4,210 31,426 19,721 9,313 16,252

New Mexico 48,493 47,206 44,971 34,668 627 6,447 4,329 2,:36 1,287

New York 860,478 837,681 828,841 624,756 17,684' 132,918 53,483 8,840 12,797

North Carolina 196,510 155,732 151,710 126,498 4,108 14,417 6,687 4,022 42,778

North Dakota 29,765 27,366 26,762 23,018 .308 1,768 860 1,804 2,409

Ohio 390,271 354,774 363,747 294,026 9,814 39,434 10,673 1,027 36,497

Oklahoma 122,183 118,895 114,871 96,119 2,323 12,048 4,383 4,024 3,288

Oregon 123,209 93,412 89,327 72,410 2,587 9,415 4,916 4,085 29,797

Pennsylvania 429,691 398,427 383,020 296,766 12,586 52,203 21,466 16,407 31,264

Rhode Island 60,004 47,575 39,981 31,532 42 5,291 3,116 7,694 2,429

South Caroline 93,798 78,328 77,714 66,877 1,837 8,154 846 614 16,488

South Dakota 28,900 28,206 25,647 23,104 378 1,462 703 2,661 e92

Tennessee 147,299 143,241 141,882 116,268 4,469 15,131 6,026 1,359 4,058 Texas 487,642 446,885 437,261 368,622 12,001 47,287 9,371 9,404 40,977

Utah 82,278. 73,229 68,389 59,613 766 7,750 241 4,860 9,049

. Vermont 25,712

. 24,715 23,495 19,337 299 1,565 2,304 1,220 997

Virginia 176,484 158,615 145,296 102,686 3,627 12,727 26,358 11,319 19,889

Washington 193,122 151,120 147,451 127,632 2,861 10,748 6,510 3,669 42,002

West Virginia. 63,608 59,826 57,163 49,660 1,030 4,177 2,296 2,883 3,782 Wisconsin 217,835 175,088 166,692 140,119 2,991 19,830 6,752 5,394 42,749

Wyoming 17,651 16,111 13,491 10,548 230 1,284 1,429 1,620 2,640 U.S. Service Schools 18,780 16,780 18,780 14,808 0 1,862 110 0 0

Outlying area 82,927 76,802 75,558 68,404 2,029 4,152 2,973 1,304 6,006 American Samoa 848 P48 848 648 0 0 200 0 0 Canal Zone 1,476 1,415 1,415 1,415 0 0 0 0 81 Guam 3,351 2,990 2,627 2,134 0 493 0 383 381 Puerto Rico 75,355 71,020 70,079 61,651 2,029 3,659 2,740 941 4,336

rrust Territory of the

Pacific Wends 121 121 121 116 0 0 28 0 0

Virgin Islands 1,778 488 488 440 0 0 6 0 1,303

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, Feil Enrollment In Hisher Education, 19721

70
Table 84.-Selected statistics for the 80 Institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number

of students: United States, fall 1972

Institution Rank order.

Control2 Type3 Total

enrollment'.

Enrollment by

sex Enrollment by attendance status Men Women Fullime Partime

1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 University of California 1 1 U 151,444 88,203 63,241 109,768 41,675

Indiana University 2 1 U 68,515 37,723 30,792 42,967 25,548

University of Minnesota 3 1 U 64,786 39,670 28,096 45,231 19,535

Pennsylvania State University 4 .1 U 60,882 37,303 23,578 41,125 19,767

University of Illinois 5 1 .0 58,698 37,542 22,156 50,870 8,828

University of Maryland 6 1 U 64,488 31,273 23,215 36,373 18,118

University of Miuouri 7 1 U 50,897 32,014 18,883 37,657 13,240

Ohio State University 8 1 U 49,569 30,161 19,418 46,183 4,388

Chicago City Colleges (III.) 9 1 T 47,119 23,095 24,024 16,594 30,525

University of Texas at Austin 10 1 U 44,756 26,826 17,930 37,812 6,944

Michigan State University 11 1 U 44,616 14,671 19,745 35,164 9,457

University of Tennessee 1 . 1 U 41,742 24,950 16,792 30,785 10,957

University of Michigan 13 1 U 41,179 24,580 16,599 33,217 7,962

Louisiana State University 14 1 U 40,688 23,664 17,024 31,272 9,416

Rutgers, The State University (N.J.) 15 1 U 38,358 24,163 14,195 24,847 13,511

University of Wisconsin, Madison 16 1 U 37,742 22,749 14,993 29,829 7,913

University of Nebraska 17 1 U 36,113 21,600 14,613 26,267 9,856

Purdue University (land.) 18 1 U 35,778 22,822 12,956 26,665 9,113

University of Cincinnati (Ohio) 19 . 1 . U 36,609 22,173 13,436 22,306 13,303

Ur tversity of Washington 20 1 U 34,125 20,881 13,264 26,775 7,350

Northeastern University Mess.) 21 2 U 34,051 23,851 10,200 16,317 17,734

University of Kentucky 22 1 U 33,983 18,842 16,141 24,908 9,076

Wayne State University (Mich.( 23 1 U 33,837 18,558 14,278 20,863 12,974

Southern Illinois University 24 1 U 32,930 18,798 13,132 25,386 7,544

University of Colorado 25 1 U 32,728 19,455 13,271 24,052 8,874

City Univ. of N.Y., Brooklyn College 26 1 F 32,348 14,814 17,534 18,599 13,749

California State Univ., San Joee 27 1 F 31,951 17,071 14,880 20.930 11,021

University of Pittsburgh (Pa.) 28 1 U 31,787 18,923 12,864 19,921 mesa California State Univ., San Diego 29 1 F 31,360 18,030 13,330 19,309 12,061

University of Massachusetts 30 1 U 30,766 17,671 13,085 26,422 1,344

. Arizona State University 31 1 U 30,594 17,956 12,638 19,319 11,275

California State Univ., Long Beach .... 32 1 F 30,366 17,855 12,511 16,460 .14,906

New York University 33 2 U 30,188 18,639 11,647 14,885 15,291

Temple University (Pa.) 34 1 U 30,051 18,218 11,833 17,513 12,638

Brigham Young University (Utah) 35 2 U 26,787 14,774 14,013 23,223 6,564

City Univ. of N.Y., Ouesns College , 36 1 F 28,688 12,387 16,301 17,230 11,458

MiamiDade Junior College IFla 37 1 T 28,025 15,088 12,937 15,754 12,271

University of Arizona 38 1 U 27,552 18,059 11,493 18,704 10,848

Kent State University (Ohio) 39 1 U 26,574 14,447 12,127 20,315 6,269

University of Houston (Tax.) 40 1 U 26,473 16,527 9,946 16,506 9,967

California State Univ., Northridge 41 1 F 25,728 13,715 12,013 14,744 10,964

San Diego City College 42 1 . T 26,510 17,557 7,953 7,085 18,425

University of Florida 43 1 U 24,801 15,807 8,994 21,367 3,434

California State Univ., Los Anglin 44 1 F 24,631 13,922 10,709 11,158 13,473

Long Beech City Collage (Calif.) 46 1 T 24.023 12,467 11,558 5,645 18,378

University of Maine 46 1 U 23,822 13,019 10,803 15,918 7904

Northern Illinois University 47 1 U 23,548 12,347 11,201 16,091 7,457

University of Oklahoma 48 1 U 23,449 14,941 8,508 18,268 7,181

Boston University (Mess.) 49 2 U 23,393 11,696 11,697 17,300 8,093

liniversity of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 50 1 F 23,293 13,286 10,007 13,956 9,337

City Univ. of N.Y., Hunter College 51 1 F 23,251 6,181 17,070 10,263 12,988

State Univ. of N.Y. at Buffalo ..... , 52 1 U 23,152 14,296 8,866 16,376 6,777

University of Arkansas 53 1 U 22,961 13,823 9,138 19,149 3,812

University of Virginia ' 64 1 U 22,785 12,976 9,819 12,489 10,306

Columbia University IN.Y.) 55 2 U 22,758 12,747 10,011 14,364 8,394

California State Univ., San Francisco .. 56 1 F 22,665 11,432 11,233 12,877 9,788

University of Georgia 57 1 U 22,598 12,877 9,721 18,384 4,214

University of South Carolina 58 1 U 22,687 13,096 8,891 16,938 6,649

Ohio University 59 1 U 22,478 12,325 10,163 18,734 3,744

EI Camino College (Calif.) 60 1 T 22,469 12,555 9,914 7,161 16,362

Institutions ranked by size of total enrollment.

2 Publicly controlled institutions are Identified by "1 ";

privately controlled, by e "2". 3 TN types of institutions are identified as follows: "U",

universities; "F", other 4eer institutions; "T", 2-year

institutions.

4 Includes students whose programs of stuuv are creditable

toward a bachelor's or higher degree, and also undergraduate

students in or 3year occupational programs which are

not creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

NOTE.-For institutions with more than one campus, enrollment

shown is the combined figure for alt campuses.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welton,

Office of Education, Fall Enrollment In Higher Munition, 1972

71
Table 815.-Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control of Institution

and by State: Fall 1970

State Total Public Private States Local State

and

local Independent of church Denominational Protestant Roman Catholic Other2

1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 Untied States 1,496,117 4.450,096 1,463,635 469,277 1,213,073 478,604 392,912 42.520 Alabama 102,707 86,638 4,668 9,644 1,757 Alaska 10,017 8,770 1,247 Arizona 110,106 65,049 39,826 3.000 1,380 851 Arkansas 51,639 41,333 2,070 757 7,479 California 1,255,732 437,965 625,454 61,550 90,598 15,398 24,421 346 Colorado 121,606 99,940 6,641 400 3,344 9,680 1,601 Connecticut 124,931 72,930 46.272 70 5,659 Delaware 23,850 18,904 2,828 1,118

Dbtrict of Columbia 75,920 10,511 33,881 15,657 15,871 Florida 234,176 86,962 119,609 1,162 35,897 6,864 3,702

Georgia 126,191 96,468 5,357 8,087 16,299 Hawaii 38,510 32,969 '651 103 1,480 1,307

Idaho 34,700 23,837 3,492 116 2,237 5,019

Illinois 453,573 184,841 93 ,648 36,584 79,886 25,612 32,822 302

Indians 191,156 135,003 12,401 28,601 17,151

Iowa 108,312 53,473 8,302 6,189 15,346 18,132 7,575 1,295 Kansas 101,297 65,076 20,460 1,480 , 235 9,394 4,652

Kentucky 96,949 75,734 5,016 9,712 6,487

Louisiana 120,720 96,817 287 4,066 8,395 3,365 7,801 Maine 32,180 23,110 7,719 1,351 Maryland 148,657 75,952 36,312 5,812 .20,734 2,850 6,634 263 Massachusetts 303,038 110,398 3,624 182,842 1,826 24,196 152 Michigan 394,095 215,466 98,143 28,442 23,682 12,902 15,460 Minnesota 159,076 128,956 3,414 18,890 9,816

Mississippi 73,128 50,095 9,972 4,149 1,557 7,356 Missouri 183,570 93,624 31,470 7,175 23,848 11,335 16,118 Montana 29,699 24,927 1,993 560 2,219 Nebraska 66,375 47,341 3,646 4,652 6,091 4,645 Nevada 12,960 12,875 85

New Hampshire 29.046 15,788 10,486 2,776

New Jersey 210.372 104,422 19,400 17,032 46,678 4,457 . _18,86t 622 New Mexico 43,733 39,383 1,090 439 2,821 New York 776,608 147,935 123,182 165,805 294,141 6,425 . 34,668 4,462 North Carolina 171,577 98,880 5,164 18,897 10,932 36,675 1,029 North Dakota 30,484 27,283 1,936 . 645 640 Ohio 371,412 215,264 22,394 39,686 33,728 31,675 27,451 1,314 Oklahoma 109,542 89,706 1,162 604 9,160 8,408 502 Oregon 114,279 63,293 38,462 1,013 10,501 2,928 89 Pennsylvania 410,479 191,305 33,497 7 ,968 104,065 23,028 60,626 Rhoda Island 45,087 26,061 15,479 4,547 South Carolina 70,230 43,907 1,802 2,253 8,629 13,639 South Dakota 30,731 23,857 1,496 4,606 773 Tennessw 135,499 99,206 14,045 20,779 1,489 Texas 438,648 266,501 77,241 28,848 16,473 48,023 11,462 Utah 79,144 49,630 1,231 835 27,448 Vermont 22,114 .12,514 7,718 1,884

Virginia 149,217 120,910 . 9,833 18,006 868 Washington 180,397 142,038 15,018 3,059 2,622 13,791 3,869

West Virginia 63,230 51,652 7,381 3,453 744 Wisconsin 201,564 139,301 21,962 8,638 11,089 4,060 16,618

Wyoming 15,028 8,800 4,530 1,698 ..... US. Sa Mc* Schools . 17,036 17,038 OutlYintl areas 68,216 47,556 12,724 7,937 Canal Zone 1,244 1,244 .,.... Guam 2,349 2,349 Puerto Rico 63,177 42,518 12,724 7,937

Virgin Islands 1,448 1,446 .

Includes institutions under Federal control (U.S .Sanrice

Schools and Canal Zone Callao).

a Includes Jewish, Latter Diy Saints, Greek Orthodox,

Russian Orthodox, and Unitarian:

NOTE.- Indudes students whose program of study are =dishe toward a bachelor's or higher *no and also

students In I, 2-, or 3-year Undergraduate pifigrarra which

, are not creditable toward bedvelor's derma but, which are

designed to prepare for immediate employment or.to provide

general education.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Ihwith, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Adronci. Report on Opening

Fall Enrollment In Illeterltdocatfon, 1979ilnallutional Dons:

Education Dfroctory, 1979-71: Higher 'Ablation; and unpublished data.
Table N.-Enrollment in Institutions of higher education, by sox and by type end control of institution: United States

and outlying areas, fall 1960 end fall 1965

Type end control of Institution

Number of students, 1980 Number of students, 1965 Percent change, 1960 to 1965

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 TOTAL, PUBLIC AND PRIVATE

AN Institutions 3,010,007 2,270,640 1,339,367 5,570,271 3,396,574 2,173,097 +54.3 +49.6 +82.3

2-year Institutions 453,817 283,292 170,325 845,244 523,532 321,712 +88.3 +84.8 +88.9

4year Institutions 3,156,390 1,987,348 1,189,042 4,725.027 2,873,042 1,851,985 +49.7 +44.8 +68.4

Unlversitles 1,550,902 1,071,688 479,214 2,303,777 1,510,551 793,226 +48.5 +41.0 +65.5

Libor*, arts colleges 1,027,567 580,060 487,617 1,553,783 846,348 708,435 +61.2 +50.9 +51.5

Independently atomized professional schools:

Teachers colleges 359,227 171,021 188,208 571,895 276,188 295,527 +59.1 +81.5 +57.0

Technological schools 108,97E 99,479 7,499 134,455 121,398 13,057 +25.7 +22.0 +74.1 Theological, religious 41,817 32,723 9,094 49,604 37,297 12,307 +18,8 +14.0 +35.3

Schools of art 15,166 8,241 6,925 21,119 10,328 10,791 +39.3 +26.3 +56.8

Other professional 64.733 44,148 10,587 90,594 71,952 18,842 +85.5 +83.0 +76.1 PUBLIC

AN Institutions 2,135,890 1.325,545 809,145 3,654,578 2,206,652 1,448,926 +71.1 +68.3 +79.1 2-year Institutions 393,553 253,565 139,988 739,918 488,019 273,899 +88.0 +83.8 +96.7

4-year Institutions 1,742,137 1,072,980 869,157 2,914,660 1,739,633 1,175,027 +67.3 +82.1 +75.8

UnivenItles 991,716 672,271 319,446 1,633,870 1,050,319 583,551 +64.8 +56.2 +82.7

Liberal arts colleges 345,928 182,207 163,719 642,769 347,730 296,039 +85.8 +90P +80.2

IndePendently organised professional schools: . Tuscans colleges 345,908 167,542 178,364 555,271 273,336 281,935 +80.5 463.1 +58.1 Technological schools 48,083 42,950 3,113 67,086 68,128 8,957 +45,6 +36.3 +187.7

Theological, religious .... .... .... .... .... ... 0.0 0.0 0.0

Schools of ors 257 130 127 790 315 475 +207.4 +42,3 +274.0

Other professional 12,269 7,180 4,389 14,875 9,805 5,070 +21.2 +24.4 +15.5 .

PRIVATE

AN institutions 1,474,317 944,006 530,222 1.915,893 1,100,922 724,771 +29.9 +26.1 +38.7

60,064 29,727 30,337 105,326 57,513 47,813 +75.4 +93.5

<1.20.1911=

2-year institutions +67.6

{.year institutions 1,414,253 914,368 499,885 1,810,367 1,133,409 676,958 +28.0 . +24.0 +35.4

Universities 559.166 399,417 159,769 689,907 460,232 209,675 +19.8 +16.2 +31.2

Liberal arts colleges 681,641 377,843 303,798 911,014 497,618 413.336 +33.7 +31.7 +36.1

Independently agonized professional schools:

Teachers colleges 13,321 3,479 9,842 18,424 2,832 13,592 +23.3 -18.6 +38.1 Technological schools 60,915 58,529 4,388 67,370 83,270 4,100 +10.6 +11.9 -6.5

Theological, religious 41,817 32,723 9,094 49,604 37,297 12,307 +18.8 +14.0 +35.3

Schools of art 14,909 8,111 6,798 20,329 10,013 10,318 +36.4 +23.4 +51.8

Other professional 42,464 38,268 8,198 76,719 62,147 13,572 +78.3 +71.4 +119.0

NOTE. - Includes resident and extension degree-credit students.

73

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Opening Pail Enrollment In Higher Education. 1965: and

unpublished data.
Table 87.Enrollment in Institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18-24:

United States, fall 1960 to fall 1972

Year'

Population

18-24 years

of aget Enrollment Number en- rolled per 100persons 18-24

years of age Year Population

18-24 years

of eget Enrollment Number en. rolled per 100persons 18-24

years of age

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

1950 18,076,000 2,286,500 14.2 1980 18,127,000 3,582,726 22.2

1981 15,781,000 2,107,109 13.4 1961 17,004,000 3,860,643 22.7

1962 15,473,000 2,139,156 13.8 1962 17,701,000 4,174,938 23,6

1953 16,356,000 2,235,977 14.7 1963 18,288,000 4,494,626 24.8

1954 15,103.000 2,462,468 16.2 1964 18,790,000 4,960,173 26.3

1955 14,988,000 2,660,429 17.8 1965 20,281,000 5,526,325 27.2

1958 14,980.000 2,927,387 19.5 1988 21,392,000 25,928,000 27.7

1957 15,095,000 3,047,373 20.2 1967 22,317,000 26.408,000 28.7

1958 15,307,000 3,236,414 21.2 1988 22,870,000 6,928,116 30.3

1959 15,677,000 3,377,273 21.5 1969 23,709,000 7,484,073 31.6

1970 24,677,000 7.920,149 32.1

1971 25,781,000 8,116,103 31.6

1972 26,006,000 8,265,057 31.8

1 These Bureau of th. Census estimates are as of July 1 preceding

the opening of the academic year. They Include Armed Force, 2 Estimated. NOTE.Data are for 50 States and the District of Columbia.

Beginning In 1953, enrollment figures include resic'ent and

extension degree-credit students; data for earlier years exclude

extension students. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Education," Fall Enrollment In Higher Education.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports, Series P-25, Nos. 311, 483, and 490.

Table SR.Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution:

United States, fail 1948 to fall 1973

Year Total

Enrollment by sex Enrollment by control

of institution Year Total Enrollment by sex Enrollment by control

of Institution Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6

1946 12,078,095 11,417.595 1680,500 (2) (2) 1961 3,860,643 2,408,601 1,452,042 2,328,912 1,531,731 1947 2,338,226 1.659,249 678,977 1,152,377 1,185,849 1962 4,174,938 2,687,291 1,587,645 2,673,720 1,601,216

1948 2.403,396 1,709,387 694,029 1,185,688 1,217,808 1963 4,494,628 2,772,562 1,722,064 2,848,454 1,646,172

1949 2,444,900 1,721,572 723,328 1,207,151 1,237,749 1964 4,950,173 3,032,992 1,917,181 3,179,627 1,770,648

1950 2,281.298 1,660,392 720,906 1,139.699 1,141,599 1965 6,626,325 3,374,603 2,151,722 3,624,442 1,901,883

1951 2,101,982 1,390,740 711,222 1,037,938 1,064,024 19661 5,928,000 3,577,000 2,351,000 3,940.000 1,988,000

1952 2,134,242 1,380,357 153,886 1,101,240 1,033,002 19871 6,392,000 3,822,000 2,570,000 4,349,000 2,043,000

1953 2,231,064 1,422,598 808,456 1,186,876 1,046,178 1968 6,928,115 4,119,002 2,809,113 4,891,743 2,036,372

1954 2,446,693 1,583,382 883,311 1,353,631 1,093,162 1969 7,484,073 4,419,147 3,064,926 5,414,934 2,089,139

1955 2,853,034 1,733,184 919,850 1,476,282 1,176,762 1970 7,920,149 4,638,641 3,283,508 6,800,089 2,120,060

1956 2,918,212 1,911,458 1,006,754 1,856,402 1,261,810 1971 8,116,103 4,717,098 3,399,005 6,013,934 2,102,169

1957 3,036,938 1,985,088 1,051,850 1,762,689 1,284,269 1972 8,266,057 4,700,622 3,564,435 6,157,888 2,107,189

1968 3,226,038 2,092,218 1,133,820 1,883,980 1,342,078 19731 8,370,000 4,695,000 3,675,000 6,266,000 2,114,000

1959 3,364,861 2,153,665 1,211,296 1,972,457 1,392,404

1960 3,582,726 2,256,877 1,325,849 2,115,893 1,488,833 Estimated. 2 Data not available. NOTE.fieginning In 1960, data are for 50 States and the District of Columbia;

data for earlier years are for 48 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning in

74

1953, enrollment figures include resident and extension degree-credit students;

data for earlier years exclude extension students.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Pall Enrollment In Higher Educatton; antli Office of Education estimates.
Table 89.-Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total population

and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1889-70 to fall 1972

Population' Resident degree-credit enrollment Ratios Total resident degreecredit Undergrad Veer students to 100 of- state Total2 Ages Ages fatal Under. Graduate resident 18-213 18-243 graduate4 degreeTotal Poputa- Popula credit

popula. ton tion students to

tion 18-21 18-24 100 of pope

lotion 18-21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Academic veer: 1869-70 39,818.449 3,116,000 4,574,000 52,286 (5) (3) 0.13 1.68 1.14 (4) 1879-80 50,155,783 4,253,000 7,092,000 115,817 15/ 151 .23 2.72 1.63 (4) 1889-90 62,947,714 5,160,000 8,820,000 156,756 154,374 2,382 .25 3.04 1.78 2.99 1899-1900 75,994,575 5,931,000 10,357,000 237,502 231,761 5,831 .31 4.01 2.29 3.91 1909-10 90,492,000 6,934,000 12,300,000 355,213 346,060 9,153 .39 5.12 2.89 4.99

1919-20 104,612,000 7,386,000 12,830,000 687,880 682,268 16,812 .67 8,09 4.66 7.88 1929-30 121,770,000 8,882,000 15,280,000 1,100,737 1,053,482 47,255 .90 12.45 7.20 11.89 1939-40 131,028,000 9,582,000 16,458,000 1,494,203 1,388,455 105,748 1.14 15.69 9.08 14.49 1941-42 133,402,000 9,703,000 16,715,000 1,403,990 61,318,547 686,443 1.05 14,47 8.40 13.59 1943-44 136,739,000 9,706,000 16,914,000 1,156,272 61,096,041 669,231 .84 11.90 6.83 11.29 1945-46 139,928,000 9,557,000 16,790,000 1.676,851 1,556,699 121,252 1.20 17.55 9.99 16.28 1947-48 144,126,003 9,276,000 18,419,000 2,616,262 2.441,830 174,422 1.82 28,20 16.93 26.32 1949-50 149,18E1,000 8,990,000 16,120,000 2,659,021 2,421,813 237,208 1.78 29.58 16.60 28.94 1951-52 154,283,000 8,742,000 15,709,000 2,301,884 2,068,657 233,327 1.46 26.33 14.65 23.66 1953-U

lit term of louden* year:

159,559,000 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,614,712 2,237,713 276,999 1.58 29.79 16.52 26.51 November 1953 159,659,000 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,199,972 1,976,863 223,109 1.38 26.06 14.45 23.42 November 1955 165,276,00, 8,608,000 14,966,000 2,E87,670 2,347,656 250,014 1.57 30.63 17.36 27.59 1st term, 1957-58 171,278,01,. 8,844,000 15,118,000 2,899,565 .2,621 ,919 277,646 tee 32.79 19.18 29.85

1st term, 1959-60 177,830,000 9,190,000 16,677,000 3,215,544 2,873,724 :,41,820 1.81 34,99 20.51 31.27 1st term. 1961-62 183.691,000 10,253,000 16,961,000 3,726,114 3,328,288 207,826 2.03 36.34 21.97 32.48 Fall 1963 189,242,000 11,155,000 18,188,000 4,234,092 3,756,616 478,577 2.24 37,98 23.28 33.67 Fall 1968 200,706,000 14,342,000 22,787,000 6,659,203 5,861,279 807,924 3.32 46.43 29.22 40.80

Fall 1969 202,677,000 14,199,000 23,600,000 7,136,075 6,308,029 1128,046 3.52 50.26 30.24 44.43 Fall 1970 204,879,000 14,680,000 24,677,000 7,545,340 6,645,308 900,032 3.88 51.40 30.58 45.27 Fall 1971 h.. 207,049,000 14,970,000 26,781,000 7,799,644 6,891,676 307,968 3.77 52.10 30.25 48.04 Fell 1972 208,837,000 15,310,000 26,006,000 7,950,526 7,007,168 943,358 3.81 51.93 30.57 45.77

I Armed Forces overseas are excluded from 1869-70 to 1929-30; they are

Included in 1939-40 and subsequent years.

2 Data are actual census counts as of June 1 from 1870 to 1900; for later

years they are estimates by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 preceding

the fell term of each school year.

3 Data from 1869-70 to 1939-40 are estimates by the Office of Education

from figures for broad age groups supplied by the Bureau of the Census; data

for later years are estimates by the Bureau of the Census.

Includes students enrolled fo first.pro essional degrees. Also includes

"unclassified" students when no reported by level. 5 Data riot available. 6 Distribution by level estimated.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Biennial Survey of Educadon to the United States; and

comprehensive and fall surveys of enrollment in Institutions of higher

education.
Table 90,-Enrollment in Institution, of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and cannel

of Institution: United States, fall 1972

Type of enrollment and

control of sstitution Number of students Type of enrollment and

control of Institution Number of students Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 All institutions: Part-time 1,198,105 832,805 583,300 All resident and extension students 9,214,860 5,238,757 3,976,103 Firstprofessional students 90,586 79,723 10,842 Graduate students 651,329 381,204 270,125

Degree-credit students 8,265,057 4,700,622 3.684,435 Unclassified student 296,656 149,827 147,008 Resident students 7,950,526 4,549,470 3,401,058 Extension students 262,345 123.410 138,935

Undergraduate and firstproNssional students 8,584,355 3,761,879 2,822,476 Non-degree-credit students 911,706 519.163 392,543

Undergraduate students 6,377,696 3,578,436 2,799,260 Resident students 888,453 488,322 372,131 Full-time 4,994,082 2,833,638 2,160,444 Extension students 43,263 22,841 20,412 Part -time 1,383,614 744,798 638,818

Firstprofessional students 208,659 183,443 23,218 Privately controlled institutions: Graduate students 943,368 571,714 371,844 All resident and extension students 2,145,288 1,266,68^ 878,603 Unclassified students 422,813 215,877 206,936 Exenulon students 314,531 151,152 183,379 Degreecredit students 2,107,189 1,247,711 850,478 Resident students 2,055,003 1,219,860 836,034

Non-degree-credit students 949,803 538,135 411,668 Undergraduate and fIntproiessloaal Resident students 903,400 514,004 389,398 students 1,638,796 983,209 673,687 Extension students 48,403 24,131 22,272 Undergraduate students 1,620,702 859,489 681,213 Full-time 1,333,193 747,496 585,607

Publicly controlled institutions: Part-time 187,500 111,993 75,516 All resident and extension students 7,069,574 3,972,074 3,097,500 First-professional students 11P'194 103,720 12,374 Graduate students 26,, '9 190,610 101,619 Dagree-credit stud cat 6.157,868 3,452,911 2,704,967 Unclassified students 126,178 86,250 50,928 Resident students 5,895,523 3,329,501 2,566,022 Extension students 52.188 27,742 24,444

Undergraduate and 1 intbrofessional

student 4,947,559 2,798,670 2,148,889 Non-clegree-credit students 38,097 18,972 19,125

Undergraduate students 4,858,994 2,718,947 2,138,047 Resident students 34,947 17,682 17,285 Full-time 3,660,889 2,086,142 1,574,747 Extension students .. 3,150 1,290 1,860

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1972.

Table 91.-First-time enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution:

United States, fell 1946 to fall 1973 Year Total

Enrollment, by sex Enrollmet . by control of institution Year Total

Enr....amont, by sex Enrollment, by conVol of institution Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 8 1 2 3 4 5 6

1948 1696,419 1499,532 1196,887 (2) (2) 1961 1,018,381 501,913 426,448 648,236 370,125

1947 592,846 399,972 192,874 298,508 294,338 1982 1,030,554 698,099 432,455 869,728 360,926

1948 567,191 368,940 198,261 295,135 272,056 1963 1,048,417 604,282 442,135 686x1 359,668

1949 564,608 356,319 199,289 298,515 258,003 1964 1,224,840 701,524 523,318 814,664 410,178

1950 512,427 317,163 185,264 281,911 230,516 1985 1,441,822 829,215 612,607 990,021 451,801

1951 487,999 278,092 189,907 259,560 208,439 19681 1,378,000 787,000 691,000 947,000 431,000

1952 532,310 321,310 211,000 304,518 227,792 19871 1,439,000 814,000 825,000 1,024,000 415,000

1953 565,969 341,761 224,208 331,656 234,313 1968 1,629.751 924,580 706,171 1,200,784 428,967

1954 624,910 382,852 242,058 371,706 253,204 1969 1,748,655 985,719 782,938 1,309,359 439,298

1956 668,064 414,571 253,493 398,423 269,641 1970 1,780,119 983.794 798,325 1,337,898 442,223

1956 714,966 441,625 273,441 427,611 287,365 1971 1,765,825 987,859 797,786 1,330,177 428,448

1957 721,547 440,613 280,934 431,858 289,689 1972 1,740,438 928,804 811,634 1,322,564 417,874

1958 772,292 463,886 308,427 471,712 300,580 19731 1,770,000 948,000 824,000 1,356,000 415,000

1969 818,280 486,057 332,223 498,852 319,828

1960 923,069 539,612 383,667 577,744 345,325

I Estimated.

.2 Data not available. NOTE.-Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States and the District of

Columbia; for earlier yews, for 48 States and the District of Columbia.

Beginning in 1953, enrollment figures include resident and extension

76

degree-credit students; for earlier years, they exclude extension

student& SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, Fall Enrollment in Hither Education: and Office of Education estimates.
Selected Characteristics of

A recent report from the American Council on

Education provides a wealth of information on the

personal characteristics, family background, attitudes,

and aspirations of first-time college students. The

study is based upon a sample survey of full -time

students who enrolled in college for the first time in

the fall of 1971. Some of the more noteworthy

statistics from the report are summarized in the

discussion that follows and in the accompanying

chart.

Nearly three-fourths of the first-time students

were 18 years of age (as of December 31, 1971), and

a full 90 percent were either 18 or 19 years old. The

men tended to be slightly older than the women. Five

percent of the men had had previous military service,

as compared with only 0.2 percent of the women.

Ninety-three percent of the women and 89 percent of

the men graduated from high school in 1971.

Four-fifths of the women and two-thircts of the men

ranked in the upper half of their high school class.

Only 15 percent of the men and 19 percent of the

women expected to leave school before obtaining a

bachelor's degree.

Many of the 1971 college freshmen had a family

background characterized by relative affluence. Only

First-Time College Students

34 percent, for example, estimated their parents'

income in 1970 as less than $10,000.

Forty-five percent of their fathers and 36 percent of

their mothers had also attended college. A majority

of the fathers were either businessmen or professional

people. About 55 percent of the students listed

parental or family assistance as a major source of

their financial support while attending college.

One-half of the first-time students were enrolled in

a college that was 50 miles or less from their home.

Six percent of the students were Negroes, and 4

percent belonged to other minority groups.

Ninety-seven percent of the men and the women

reported that they were unmarried at the time of the

survey.

For additional information the reader may wish to

consult Research Report Vol. 6, No. 6, The American

Freshman: National Norms for Fal/1971. The report may be purchased for $3.00 a copy from the

American Council on Education, One Dupont Circle,

N.W., Washington, D.C. 20036.

W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

0000 Loss

of than

Ili°11. 1.1 In 12 0%

VirS

$15,000 10

$19,999

14.3%

$8,000 to

$9,999

22.4%

$10,000 to

$14,999

32.3%

77
Table 92.-Seleated oharnetoristice of first-dine students In Institutions of higher cducation: United Suttee, fell 1972

(Percentage distribution)

Item

Fint-tima students

Item

First-time students

Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Taw' 100.0 100.0 100A Religious preference: Protestant 38.2 35.1 40.7

AO* by December 31, 1972: R011111/1 Catholic 30.1 30.4 29.6

16 or Yowler .1 .1 .1 Jewish 3.8 3.6 4,0 17 4.0 3.0 5.3 Other 13.6 13.7 13.6 18 74.2 71.1 77.7 Nona 14.3 18.1 12.2 19 15.7 18.2 12.8 current political preference:

20 2.0 2.6 1.3 For left 2.4 2.9 1.7

21 .8 1,1 A Liberal 32.8 33.6 31.9 22-25 1.8 2.6 .9 Middle-oftheroad 48.3 45.6 51.5

26 or older 1.4 1.4 1.4 Conservative 15.8 16.9 14.4 Racial background:1 Far right .8 1,0 .5 White, Caucasian 87.3 88.4 86.9 Year finished secondary school:

Black, Negro, AfroAmerican 8.7 7.6 10.0 Graduated In 1972 91.6 90.0 93.5 American Indian 1.1 1.1 12 Did not graduate In 1972 8.4 10.0 6.5 Oriental 1.1 1.1 1.1 Frank In high school claw:

MaxicsnArtmerican, Chicano 1.5 1.6 1.5 Top quarter 43.6 38.1 49.8

Puerto RiainAmsrlean .6 .8 .7 Second quarter 33.5 34,7 32.1 Other 1.8 1.8 1.8 Third quarter 20: 23,6 16,3 Father's education: Fourth quarter 2.7 3,5 1.8 Oramenw school Of kw 9,2 9.0 9.8 Distance from home to collage:

Boma high school 16.1 h',7 14.3 5 miles or lass 12.8 12.8 13.1 High school graduate 30.3 31.4 28.9 8 to 10 miles 13.8 13.7 13,5

Some college 18.4 15.8 18.8 11 to 50 miles 24.9 24,4 28.6

College degree 16. 15.5 18.7 81 to 100 miles 13.8 13,3 14.4 Some graduate school 2.4 2.3 2.5 101 to 5E0 miles 26.0 28.2 25.9 Postgraduate dawn 10.7 10.2 11.2 More than 600 miles 8.8 10,0 7.4 &Smelted parental Income: Highest degree planned:

Lass then $4,000 8.0 7.1 9.0 Nona 3.4 3.2 3.6

$4,000 to $5.999 8.1 5.7 6.7 Associate for equivalent) 8.1 6.5 10.1 $6.000 to $7,999 82 7.9 8.4 Bachelor's (BA., BA) 37.3 33.9 41.3

$11,000 to $9,999 10.4 10.8 9.9 Master's (MA., M.S.) 27.4 26,0 28,9

$10,000 to 812,499 16.8 17,4 16.1 Ph.D. or EdD 8.9 10.6 6.8

612,500 to 1114,1199 13.5 14.2 12.6 M.D., D.O., D.D.S., or D.V M 7.2 9,7 4.3

4115,000 to $19,999 14.8 15.2 14.3 LL.8 or J.D. flaw) 4,5 8.5 2.1 620,000 to $24A99 8.9 8.8 9.0 8,0. (divinity) 8 M.DIV .4 .6 .2 825,000 to $29,999 4.3 4.2 4.5 Other 2.8 2.9 2.7 00,000 to $34,909 2.9 2.13 3.0 Mayor source!' *incl.l support for collsgs:1

$36,000 to 638,999 1.8 1.6 2.0 Part-time 4 inter work 33.3 37.4 28.4

$40,000 or more 4.4 4,3 4.6 Swings from lalltime employment 102 12.2 8.0 Marital status: Spouse's employment 2.1 2.0 2.3 Presently married 2.3 2.3 2.3 Parental or family aid or gifts 63.6 47.8 60.4 Not married 97.7 97.7 97.8 Parent's military service 2.1 2.1 2.2 Veteran status: Personal military service 2.0 3.4 .2 No 98.0 98,4 99.8 Scholarships and grants 21.8 21.6 21.9 Yes, served In southeast Asia 1.0 1.8 .0 Loans (NDEA, federally insured, or consul) .... 16.1 15.1 17.2 Yes, did lot serve in southeast Asia 1.1 1.9 .1 Other repayable loans 5.9 5,2 6.8

a SOMAS some students gars multiple responses to this Item, percentages add SOURCE: American Council on Education, Research Report Vol. 7 No. 5,

to more than 100.0. NOTE.-Des are bawd upon a sample survey of fulltime freshman enrolled In

college for the first time. Because of rounding, percentages may not add to

100.0.

The American Freshman: National Norma for Fall 1972, December 1972.
Table 93.-Residenoe and migration of college students taking work creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree,

by State: Fall 1988

State Students

enrolled)

Student residents2 Students

remaining3

Ratio of tudents

remaining toWore Ion of students

Students enrolled Student residents Out of

State

Into

State

Net (col. 8

- col. 7)

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 United State*. 8,559,203 8,545,383 6,425,012 0.81 0/13 1,120,351 1,234,191 4113,840

91,399 88,905 77,517 .85 .87 11,388 13,882

. Alabama 2,494 Alaska 3,013 4,709 2,393 .79 .51 2,318 620 -1,898

Arisonu 76,334 89,499 82,100 .81 .89 7,399 14,284 8,885 Arkansas 48,385 48,813 40,988 .65 .84 7,626 7,377 -248

California 822,298 810,208 782,918 .93 .94 47,290 59,378 12,088

Colorado 92,888 75,033 83,828' .60 .85 11,205 28,880 17,855

Connecticut 97,881 118,C06 75,525 .77 .84 43,281 22,158 -21,125 Delaware 13,500 14,087 7.935 .59 .58 6,152 5,585 -.587

District of Columbia 61,315 23,913 14,173 .23 .69 9,740 47,142 37,402

Florida 176,973 181,107 149,282 .84 .02 31,846 27,711 -4,134

Georgia 102,614 98,951 80,373 .78 .83 18,578 22,241 5,683 Howell 25,012 27,838 19,737 .79 .71 7,899 5,275 -2,824

Idaho 26,495 27 435 19,930 .78 .73 7,Ca.ra 5,586 -1,941

Illinois 352,767 313' t1 304,182 .86 .79 81,039 48,686 . -32,454

Indiana 172,090 145,595 124,177 .72 .85 21,418 47,913 28,496

low 97,740 91,935 89,458 .71 .78 22,477 28,282 6,805

KL 4111 90,360 84,044 71.397 .79 .85 12,847 18,963 8,318

Kentucky 90,204 31,312 68,808 .78 .84 12,704 21,598 8,89i Louisiana 112,529 ".47,478 98,516 .88 .92 8,98" 14,013 5,051 Maine 21,491 20,889 13,924 .85 .67 8,785 7,587 802

ltruti:ndhutetts

105,659

240,528

120,9813

203,212

85,662

160,281

.81

.67

.71

.79 35,324

42,931

19,997

80,247

-15,327

37,318

Michigan 294,437 277.135 255,583 .87 .92 21,672 38,874 17,302 Minnesota 125,817 121,847 103,418 .82 .85 18,429 22,199 3,770

Mississippi, 82,980 61,746 54,885 .87 .89 8,881 .8,075 1,214 Missouri 154,428 137,609 115,597 .76 .84 22,011 38,831 18,820

Montana 24,376 25,858 20,699 .86 .50 5,059 3,777 -1.282 Nebraska 59,634 52,731 44,772 .75 .86 7,960 14,862 8,903 Nevada 9,355 11,053 7,880 .82 .60 3,373 1,875 .'1,698

New Hampshire 23,007 18,358 10,739 .47 .59 7,617 12,288 4,651

New Jersey 149,508 248,218 130,980 .88 .63 117,256 18,648 -98,710

New Mexico 36,833 35,477 29,882 .81 .82 8,595 6,951 358

New York 888,488 742,182 804,532 .88 .81 137.850 81,934 -55,718

North Carolina 125,078 101,520 88,929 .71 .88 12,591 38,147 23,558

North Dakota 24,130 24,859 20,129 .83 .81 / 4,730 4,001 -722

Ohio 320,982 310,821 259,804 .81 .84 51,017 81,378 10,381

Oklahoma 98,437 89,949 80,913 .84 .90 9,036 15,524 8,488

()rotten 84,405 79,848 89,852 .83 .87 9,998 14,7(13 4,757

Pennsylvania 339,690 350,287 272,848 .80 .78 77,441 88,844 -10,597

Rhode Island 33,518 30.048 21,398 .84 .71 8,850 12,120 3,470

South Carolina 48,905 48,991 35,477 .76 .75 11,514 11,428 -88

South Dakota 28,786 25,090 20,614 .77 .82 4,476 8,172 1,898 Tennessee 117,284 97,227 84,068 .72 .88 13,159 33,196 20,037 Taxes 353,801 340,783 318,891 .90 .94 21,892 34,910 13,018

Utah 54,962 47,051 43,928 .88 .93 3,125 21,036 17,911

Vermont 18,926 10,711 6,760 .40 .63 3,951 10,166 8,215

Virginia 100,198 114,988 75,863 .76 .66 39,313 24,543 -14,770

Washington 124,048 118,858 105,454 .85 .89 13,204 18,594 5,390

West Virginia 53,803 43,882 37,317 .70 .86 6,545 18,288 9,741 Wisconsin 158,239 139,628 122,242 .78 .88 17,388 33,997 16,811

Wyoming 12,298 13,080 9,828 .78 .74 3,452 2,858 -794 U.S. Service Schoolss 15,227 15,227 15,227

OutlyIng woos ..-. 51,955 55632

_

49,153 I .95 .119 0,379 2,1102 -3,577

I "Students enrolled" are students enrolled In the State

(those remaining plus the inmigrents).

2 "Student residents" are those with residence in the State,

and studying either in or out of the State.

3 "Students remaining" are students studying in their home

4 mete.

' The inmigratIon exceeds the outmigration by the number

of students from foreign countries enrolled.

79

5 Enrollments in service schools an not included In the State

totals In column 2; they are, however, included in the total

for the United States. Students enrolled at the service

schools In included in column 3 according to students'

State of residence.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end

Welfare, Office of Educetion, Reekleftee and Mignition of

College Students, Fall 1968.
Table 94.-Enrollment for advanced dogmas, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status, and field of study:

United States and outlying areas, fall 1971

Field of study All students

First -year students, Students beyond the first year2

Total Men Women Total Mon Women Full.

time

Part.

time

Fulltime Parttime Full -

time

Part.

time

Full.

time

Part.

time

1 2 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Enrollment for melds and

doelor's degrees 1136,284 1 528,151 141,354 170,460 72,883 143,455 308,143 129,999 90,430 44,286 43.429

Agriculture and natural resources 10,975 1 5,283 3,562 1,281 318 124 5,892 3,677 1,832 238 145

Architecture and environmental design 6,282 3,515 2,383 512 505 145 2,747 1,839 432 381 95

Area studies 3,838 2,141 set 430 479 371 1,697 776 206 438 189 Biological sciences 37,981 18,042 8,062 4,746 2,852 2,382 19,939 11,482 3,514 3,858 1,307

&sinew and management .17,359 88,392 23,947 38,067 1,896 2,642 30,987 13,313 18,213 761 600

Communications 5,557 I 3,987 1,897 914 842 534 1,570 649 441 245 236

Computer and Information WZ MON 8,300 4,921 1,903 2,416 270 332 3,379 1,493 1,538 173 175

Eck Atkin 260,510 189,288 20,137 56,404 23,185 90,592 71,222 13,746 24,295 9,862 23,329

Engineering 69,132 30,545 14,807 15,388 284 288 24,587 18,124 11,967 307 189

Fine and spelled arts 23,484 14,527 4,728 2,674 3.837 3,286 J,957 3,538 1,648 2,422 1,361

Foreign l :Naps 17,285 9,089 1,716 1,477 2,765 .3,141 0,196 2,219 1,434 2,879 1,864

Health professions

home economics

20,596

4,939

12,738

3,580

4,199

212

1,50488 4,799

1.336

2,234

1,924

7,868

1,379

3,714

121 83072

2,618

600

688

588 Law 2,472 2,165 1368 1,372 62 75 307 100 191 5 11 Letters 50,849 29,638 7,048 5,938 8.483 10,191 21,211. 7,767 4,384 4,877 4;183

Library science 13,272 9,90/ 1,046 829 3,645 4,387 3,385 466 373 960 1,576

Mathematics 20,547 11,996 3,969 4,318 1,383 2,348 8,55/ 4,647 2,292 863 749

Physical sciences 38,928 16,866 9.284 5,006 1,377 998 22,283 15,424 4,684 1,697 668

Psychology 28,712 14,754 5,388 3,595 3,024 2,747 11,958 5,841. 2,308 2,886 1,343

Public affairs and services 24,138 16,350 5,689 3,457 5,859 1,385 7,788 2,923 1,048 3,384 433

Social sciences 75,337 43,184 15,889 14,240 8,016 7,019 32,173 15,642 8.868 4,791 3,074

Theology

Interdieciplinen/ studies

9,887

18,154

4,278

16,208

2,274

2,117

1,059

5,748

512

1.448

431

6,897

5,391

2,948

3,652

1,076

1,140

1,034

432

364

187

432

Ergo lament foe flistisiofee

donee depose 1110,749 1 MOOD 56,001 6,601 6.411 806 120,640 102,963 9,194 7,807 786

Dentistry (D.D.S. or O.M.D.) 17,433 5.103 4,932 4. 4:4 1 12,330 12.121 14 195

Medicine (M.D ) 43,985 12,948 11,229 10 1.eza, 5 31,019 27,983 27 3,022 7 Optometry 10.D 2,891 796 783 2 1,895 1,821 14 69 1 Osteopathic medicine 10.0 1 2,301 690 4 31 1,811 1,558 5 48

Podiatry or podiatric medicine

(Pod. D., D.P., or D.P.M.) 1,26 387 7 873 885 8 Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) 6,1891 v i0 1,278 3 228 3,854 3,284 5 385

Law, general (LL.B. or J.D 1 94/ 40,003 29,262 6.068 3,875 778 54,413 42,108 7,883 3,762 880

Theological professions, general

(B.O., M.Div., Rabbi) 22,789 8,206 7.285 472 326 113 14.583 12,891 1,241 334 117

Olher 724 262 195 5 82 462 352 6 104 1 1 Students with Isla than 1 full year of required study for an advanced degree or its equivalent In pan -time study.

2 Students with 1 or more years of required study for an advanced degree. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Student! Enrolled for Advanced Degrees, Fill 1971.
Table 96.-Enrollment for master's and d Jstor's degrees, by field of study: linked Stems

and outylng areas, WI 1960 to fall 1970

Field of study 1980 1962 1984 19881 1989 1970

1 2 3 4 0 8 7 AN Inns 314,348 373,1145 477,538 5116,026 703,746 815,207

Agriculture 3,852 4,282 4,272 5,308 8,497 7.188

Architecture 685 838 847 1,161 1,424 2.240

Biological sciences 14,775 17.788 23,880 28,378 33.047 38.499

Busir.au and comrr.nce 25,342 28,750 43,998 53,284 85,247 87,487

City planning (2) (2) 12) 1,315 2,039 3.193

Computer science and systems analysis (2) (2) (2) 2,032 3,893 7.938

Education 94,993 114,641 133,478 158,434 215,131 254,473

Engineering 38,838 43,850 54,318 56,385 63,862 84,788

English and loumalism 13,483 18,1373 22,881 27,499 32,288 35.957

Fine and applied arts 9,255 11,513 15,015 18,802 23,914 28.748

Folklore (2) (2) (2) 102 1/6 187

Foreign languages and literature 8,31t; 8,878 12..01 18,498 19,437 20.451

Forster., 660 713 81x. 930 1,180 1,485

Geography 1,041 1.281 1,743 2,207 2,838 3.334

Health professions 5,842 8.588 8,234 9,338 11,373 14,242 Home economics 1,580 1,687 2,213 2,410 3,484 4,811

Lev. 1,551 2,124 2,407 2,430 2,539 2.533

t :nary science 1,360 1,858 7,583 9,277 10,982 12,418 Mathematical sciences 11,770 14,121 18,228 20,380 22,947 22.872

PhikeoPhY 2,258 2,884 3,450 4,153 4,931 4.851

Fnysical sciences 25,707 28,691 34,061 36,061 40,937 40,113

Psychology 10,877 11,344 13,733 15,685 21,643 25,342

Religion 5,314 5,447 8,111, 7,383 12,620 12,222 Social sciences 37,317 45,121 59,808 89,282 83,725 97,185

Broad general curriculums and insonlaneous fields 4,081 5.199 8,281 8,305 18,825 35,071

..... 1 Excludes 35 nonreporting institutions with an estimated

28,000 students enrolled far master's and doctor's dogma.

2 Oct. not available.

NOTE.-Date for 1980 end 1982 exclude students enrolled

for first-professionel depress, IndudingS0fla motet's degrees

in such fields as business and commerce, education, library

science, and social work. Dots for subsequent Yaws Include

all students enrolled for master's end doctor's degrees.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, circulars on &sidecar Enraged

for Advanced Dorset

Table 96.- Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 years of age: United States, October 1971

Characteristic Number

(in thousands)

Percent ' Characteristic Number

tin thousands)

Percent

1 2 3 1 2 3

AN students 8,082 100.0 Marital status:

Married, spouse present 2,029 25.1

AP: Other 8,053 74.9

16 and 17 years 279 3.5

18 and 19 years 2,728 33.7 Residence:1

20 and 21 year 1,997 24.7 Metropolitan areas (in central

22 to 24 years 1,487 18.4 cities) 2,484 30.7

26 to 29 years 1,0137 13.2 Metropolitan areas (outside

30 to 34 years 627 8.5 central cities) 3,249 40.2

Nonmetropoliten areas 2,348 29.1

Sex:

Male 4,846 60.0 Year of college: .....r

Female 3,235 40.0 First 2,438 30.2

Second 1,885 23.3

Race: Third 1,392 17.2

White 7,268 89.9 Fourth 1,175 14.5

Negro 880 8.4 Fifth 833 7.8

Other 134 1.7 Sixth or higher 669 8.9

1 Residence refers to the permanent home address of the

student rather than to where he attends college.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

81

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerve, Bureau of the

Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 241.
Table 97.- Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level: United States

and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1972

Fall

Total

engineering

enrollment

Level of enrollment, forFall

Total

engineering

enrollment

Level of enrollment, forFirst

engineering

degree

Master's

degree 1

Doctor's

degree

First

engineering

degree

Master's

degree I

Doctor's

degree

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5

1949 .. 219,712 201,927 15,242 2,643 1959 .. 278,348 242,992 29,713 5,643

1950 .. 180,262 161,592 16,869 2,801 1960 .. 271,850 234,190 31,215 6,445

1951 . . 185,637 146,997 18,765 2,875 1961 . . 272,777 232,104 32,804 7,889

1952 . . 176,549 156,080 17,639 2,930 1982 . . 275,329 230,730 35,359 9,240

1953 . . 193,333 171,725 18,607 3,001 1963 . . 281,452 232,001 38,457 10,994

1954 . . 214,414 193,892 17,441 3,281 1984 , . 299,388 244,607 42,159 12,622

1956 .. 243,390 221,448 18,779 3,163 1966 .. 311,567 253,412 44,208 13,947

1956 .. 277,052 261,121 22,529 3,402 1969 .. 321,471 254,514 47,087 19,870

1957 . . 297,077 288,781 24,136 4,180 1970 . . 318,995 250,175 49,069 19,761

1955 .. 289,680 256,779 28,138 4,763 1971 , . 292,854 229,047 45,097 18,710

1972 . . 270,153 208,878 43,895 17,382

I Also includes enrollment for other po tgraduete

predoctoral degrees.

NOTE.-Includes full-time and part-time degree-credit

students.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, ..effice of Education, Engineering Degrees

(1964-65) and Enrollments (Fall 1965); and Engineering

Manpower Commission of Engineers Joint Council,

Engineering and Technology Enrollments, Fall 1972.

Table 68. -Total enrollment, fall 1972, and degrees conferred, 1970-71, in institutions attended

predominantly by black students: United States

Item Total

Four-year institutions' Two-year institutions

Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8

Number of institutions 114 90 36 54 24 14 10

Total enrollment 246,219 189,897 130,281 59,618 56,322 53,752 2,670

Men 116,875 90,263 61,395 28,868 26,812 25.440 1,172

Women 129,344 99,634 68,886 30,748 29,710 28,312 1,398

Full-time enrollment 181,733 153,099 99,015 64,084 28 634 28,333 2,301

Men 88,181 73,577 47,395 26,182 14,604 13,497 1,107

Women 93,552 79,522 51,620 27,902 14,030 12,836 1,194

Part -time enrollment 64,486 36,798 31,266 6,532 27,688 27,419 269

Men 28,694 16,686 14,000 2,686 12,008 11,943 65

Women 35,792 20,112 17,266 2,846 15,680 15,476 204

Earned degrees conferred:

Bachelor's and first professional 26,423 26,423 10,070 16,353

Men 11,197 11,197 4,356 6,841

Women 15,228 15,226 5,714 9,512

Master's 4,121 4,121 1,264 2,857

Men 1,821 1,821 537 1,284

Women 2,300 2,300 727 1,573

Doctor's 47 47 47 0

Men 40 40 40 0

Women 7 7 7 0

1 Colleges and universities offering bachelor's and/or

advanced degrees.

NOTE.-Total enrollment includes students whose

programs of study are creditable toward a bachelor's

or higher degree and also undergraduate students in

82

1-, 2-, or 3-year occupational programs which are

not creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare, Office of Education, Fall Enrollment in

Higher Education, 1972, and Earned Degrees

Conferred, 1970-71.
Table 99.-Numbcr of 2year instituilons of higher education and enrollment, by control

of Institution and by sex: United States, fall 1947 to fall 1972

Year

Number of inuitutIons

Total

enrollment

Enrollment by control

of Ir.stitutIon

Enrollment by sex

Total Public Private Public Private Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1947 .... 480 260 230 222,045 163,005 59,040 152,003 70,042

1948 .... 492 257 235 210,977 153,970 57,007 139,830 71,347

1949.... 518 275 243 229,001 170,689 68,312 151,191 77,810

1950.... 528 299 229 217,403 187,874 49,529 139,888 77,535

1951 .... 511 294 217 199,997 156,239 43,758 120,801 79,196

1852 .... 525 299 226 238,222 191,602 48,820 142,459 95,763

1963.... 518 293 225 258,241 210,008 48,235 155,806 102,435

1954.... 474 277 197 282,433 241,145 41,288 171,752 110,681

1955.... 467 275 192 308,411 265,326 43,085 196,671 111,740

1058.... 482 278 204 347,345 297,621 49,724 225,635 121,710

1957.... 490 283 207 368,998 315,990 53,008 237,617 131,381

1968.... 495 290 205 385,436 330,881 54,555 247,942 137,494

1959. ... 508 310 198 409,195 355,967' 63,228 259,604 149,691

1960.... 521 315 206 461,333 392,310 59,023 282,155 169,178

1961 .... 624 329 195 517,925 458,381 61,544 320,156 197,769

1962.... 581 349 212 589,529 519,257-----717,777- 365.824 223,905

1963.... 573 357 216 624,789 551,308 73,481 388,880 238,129

1964.... 617 389 228 710,868 620,859 90,009 439,509 271,359

1965 .... 633 399 234 841,437 737,890 103,547. , 521,846 319,591

19861... 700 450 250 945,000 840,000 105,000 577,000 388,000

19671 ... 735 495 240 1,075,000 966,000 109,000 653,000 422,000

1968.... 802 548 254 1,289,993 1,169,635 120,358 782,602 507,391

1969 .. .. 813 577 236 1,528,429 1,412,610 116,819 910,631 617,798

1970.... 827 603 224 1,629,982 1,519,782 110,220 953,981 670,021

1971 .... 854 637 217 1,725,321 1,622,706 102,615 1,003,172 722,149

1972.... 883 671 212 1,791,854 1,694,465 97,389 999,238 792,616

1 Estimated. The total number of 2year institutions,

including those offering non-degree-credit prograrni

exclusively, was 752 in 1966 and 786 in 1967.

NOTE.-Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States end the

District of Columbia; data for earlier years are for 48 States

and the District o Columbia. Beginning in 1953, enrollment

figures include resident and extension degree-credit students;

data for earlier years exclude extension students.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end

Welfare. Office of Education, Fall Enrollment in Higher

Education.

83
Table 100.-10storical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances In Institutions of higher education: United States, 1969-70 to 1970-71

Item 111130-70 1879-80 1880-90 1899-1900 1900 -10 1919-20 1929 -301 1939-40 1949-50 1959-80 1989-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 B 6 7 0 9 10 11 12 13

Institutions Total 583 1 811 I 998 1 977 951 1,041 1.409 1.708 I 1,861 2,008 2,528 2,557 Fecuityl Total 25,653 211,522 215,809 36,480 48,516 82,388 148,929 2825,000 3873,300 Men 24,887 27,32e 212,704 29,132 35,807 60,017 108,328 2643,000 2880,700 Women 466 24,194 23,105 7,348 12,808 22,389 40,801 2182,000 2192900 Resident derareertedit enrollment4 Total 252,288 158.758 237,592 355,213 697,880 1.494,203 2,859,021 33,215,5444 67,138,075 67,545,340 Men 241,160 2100,453 152,254 2214,1348 314,838 893,250 1,653,088 S2,079,788 64,247,018 64,451,559 Women 211,128 258,303 85,338 2140,565 282,942 800,953 908,953 51,135,758 62,889,057 63,083,781 Earned deans contorted Bachelor's and first. professional: Total 9,371 12,808 16,539 27,410 37,199 48,622 122,484 18(3900 432,058 392,440 827,234 877,878 Men 7,993 10,411 12,857 22.173 118,782 31.980 73,015 109,548 328,841 254,303 484,174 511,138 Women 1,378 2,485 2,882 11,237 8,437 18,842 48,889 78,954 103,217 138,377 343,080 3138,538 Master's except first.

pratenlonal7: Total 879 1,015 1,583 2,113 4,279 14,989 28,731 58,183 74,435 208,291 230,509 Mn 0 868 821 1,280 1,555 2,986 8,925 18,508 41,220 50,898 125,824 138,148 Women 11 194 303 568 1,294 8,044 10,223 18,983 23,537 82,887 92,383 Doctor's: Total 64 149 382 443 815 2,299 3,200 8.420 9,829 29,866 32.107 Mn 1 61 147 359 399 522 1,648 2,881 5,804 8,801 25,890 27,530 Women 3 2 23 44 93 353 429 815 1,028 3,976 4,577

Finances (in thousands of dollen/ Total current Income la) 1111 161 $78,883 $199,922 $654,511 $715,211 $2,374,845 $5,785,537 $21,516,242 $23,879,188

Educational and general

income (9) 161 $21,464 $,35,084 87,917 172,929 483,065 571,288 1,833,846 4,888,352 18,488,177 18,392,047 Total current *open&

tuns (3) (8) (8) 1111 (8) 16) 507,142 874,888 5,801,378 21,043,113 23,375,197 Educational end general

expenditures (3) 181 18) 18) )9( 19/ 377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4,573,208 15,788,699 17,818,444 Value of physical

Property (8) 101 95.428 253,599 480,532 741,333 2,085,060 82,753,780 4.799,984 13,448,548 42,093,580 48,053,585 Endowment and other nonexpendable funds10 (8) (8) 78,788 194,998 323,661 539.071 1.512,023 1,784,804 2.644,323 5,571,121 1110,853,816 1111,341,388 Total nun ber of different individuate (not reducers to full time equivalent/.

Beginning in 19E0-60, data are for the fin term of the academic year. 2 Estimated. 3 Preliminary data.

4 Unless otherwise indicated, Includes students enrolled at any time during the

academic year.

S Data for first term of the academic year.

6 Opening fall enrollment.

Beginning In 19E63-70, includes all master', degrees. e Data not available. 9 Includes unexpended plant funds.

84

10Elook value. I1Endowment funds only.

NOVE.-Beginning in 1959-80, includes Alaska end Hawaii. SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of

Education, Biennial Survey of Education In the United States: Faculty and Other

Professional SWIM Institutions of Higher Educat!on; Comprehensive Report can

Enrollment in Higher Education: Fall Enrollment In Higher Education: Earned

Degrees Conferred; Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education;

end unpublished data.
Table 101.-Estimated full-time and part-time resident Instructional staff In institutions of higher

education, by academic rank: United States, fall 1960 to 1973

[In thousands)

Fall ofTotal resident

Instructional

staff

Instructor or above Junior instructional staff

Total Full-time Pert-time Total Fulltime Part-time

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8

1960 276 238 164 82 40 8 32

1961 292 248 162 88 44 9 35

1962 312 265 173 92 47 10 37 1983 331 281 184 97 50 10 40

1964 367 307 212 95 80 12 48

1965 412 339 248 91 73 15 68 1966 445 361 278 83 84 17 67 1967 484 389 299 90 95 14 81 1968 E23 427 331 95 96 16 80

1969 546 448 349 99 98 15 83 1970 574 472 368 104 102 15 87

1971 692 486 379 107 106 16 90

1972 600, 493 384 109 107 18 91 1973 607 499 389 110 108 16 92 NOT -Because of rounding, detail may not add to

totals.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Edticrition-, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Faculty and Other

Professlona Staff in Institutions of Higher Education;

Numbers and Characteristics of Employees In Institutions

of Higher Education; Teaching and Research Staff by

Academic Field In Institutions of Higher Education, Fall

1968; and unpublished date.

Table 102.-Full-time and part-time teaching and research staff in institutions of higher education,

by academic rank and field: United States and outlying areas, fall 1968

Academic field

Resident instruction and departmental

research staff Organized research staff

Total

Senior Junior

Total

Senior Junior

Fulltime Parttime

Fulltime Parttime

Fulltime

ParttimeFulltime Parttime

1 2 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 All fields 526,234 333,9T3 96,084 16,996 80,196 69,850 31,290 4,776 9,309 24,475

Agriculture 4,172 3,123 360 105 684 7,160 3,885 192 631 2,472

Architecture 2,360 1,663 509 8 180 61 23 11 7 20

Biological sciences 29,487 19,011 3,453 1,604 5,419 9,112' 3,635 425 1,882 3,170

Business and commerce 29,7'20 17,845 7,480 518 3,877 715 261 85 43 336

City planning 787 412 163 29 183 161 60 33 18 50

Communications 9,932 6,470 2,343 265 854 361 43 15 164 139 Computer sciences 8,454 4,071 2,885 489 1,009 . 2,756 1,237 154 611 854

Education 52,187 37,099 8,538 1,066 5,484 3,115 662 141 969 1,353

Engineering 27,351 16,972 2,820 1,600 5,969 12,080 5,766 247 1,430 4,637

English 41,133 28,770 4,961 1,092 6,310 469 72 15 98 274 Fine and applied arts 43,672 29,381 8,097 849 5,345 26'. 130 20 10 101 Foreign languages 29,593 19,100 3,704 .791 6,998 321 91 38 37 155 Forestry 785 582 52 23 128 772 277 15 57 423

Geography 3,920 2,558 250 118 994 156 27 6 10 113

Health professions 52,437 25,328 21,508 2,578 3,023 10,149 5,635 2,675 1,100 739

Home economics 5,421 3,639 988 123 671 677 242 23 67 345

Law 3,729 2,604 966 60 209 106 48 6 26 26

Library science 2;466 1,598 372 106 391 121 18 8" 29 66

Mathematics 29,549 18,909 4,220 612 5,808 1,808 1,041 78 180 509

Military sciences 2,740 2,354 41 294 51 o 0 0 0 0

Philosophy. 7,344 5,368 777 82 1,117 98 20 6 0 72 Physical sciences 43,250 24,924 3,876 1,893 12,557 14,708 6,781 252 1,483 6,192

Psychology 16,808 9,611 3,376 376 3,445 1,987 482 160 222 1,133

Religion 8,540 6,333 1,735 82 390 38 11 14 6 6

Social sciences 59,548 39,249 9,486 1,021 9,792 2,577 847 167 340 1,223

Technologies 10,849 7,102 3,114 216 418 93 '26 0 0 67

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Teaching and Researz:l Staff

by Academic Field In Institutions of Higher Education, Fall J 968.

85
Selected Characteristics of College Faculty Members

A recent report from the American Council on

Education describes in considerable detail the

demographic characteristics, professional backgrounds, and academic activities of the teaching

faculty in colleges and universities in 1972-73. While

college teachers are obviously a diverse group, a

composite picture of the typical faculty member

emerges from the report.

The typical American college teacher is a white

male between the ages of 31 and SO. He holds at least

a master's degree, and he has attained the rank of

assistant professor or above. He earns nearly $15,000

a year, but this figure is inflated somewhat by the

fact that a sizable number of teachers are employed

for 11 or 12 months a year rather than the traditional

9 or 10 months.

The typical college teacher received his highest

academic degree in the 1960's, and he also began

service with his present employer in the 1960's. His

principal occupation is classroom teaching rather than

administration or research, and he likes his work. If

he had a chance to start all over again in a new job or

a different academie discipline, he would decline the

opportunity.

The American Council on Education conducted a

similar survey of college faculty in 1968-69. When

Professor 26.4%

the 1968-69 and 1972-73 studies are compared, the

following trends are apparent: During the 4-year

period, the age of college faculty members increased.

A larger percentage of teachers were 41 years old and

over in 1972-73, and a smaller proportion were aged

40 or less. The percent of women on college faculties

increased from 19 to 20 percent. The proportion of

faculty members who are black rose from 2 to 3

percent. The percent of teachers with the rank of

professor or associate professor increased from 42 to

51 percent, while the percent with the rank of

instructor declined from 20 to 13 percent. Possibly

reflecting the growth of enrollment and staff in

2-year colleges, the percent of faculty members

holding a professional or doctor's degree declined

substantially between 1968-69 and 1972-73.

A great deal of additional information appears in

the two reports, College and University. Faculty: A

Statistical Description and Teaching Faculty in

Academe: 1972-73, both by Alan E. Bayer. They

may be purchased from the American Council on

Eilucation, 1 Dupont Circle, Washington, D.C. 20036.

W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

Instructor 13.2%

Assistant professor 25.3%

Associate professor 24.3%

86
Table 103. - Demographic and background chwacterisdcs of collarge faculty members, by type of inttitutiai

and by sex: United States, spring 1969

[Percentage distribution)

!tern

All institutions Universities

,.._ Fou Isar cal egos Two lreer colleges

Total Men Woman Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Woman

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8, 9 10 11 12 13 Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Age:

I I Over 60 (born before 1909) 7.7 7.3 9.3 7.4 7.2 8.0 8.6 7.9 10.4 8.6 6.2 8.0

51-60 (born 154)0-191b) 15.7 16.1 18.6 15.7 15.1 19.4 15.6 15.0 17.7 18.1 15.2 18.6 41-50 (born 1919-1928) 26.7 26.7 26.6 27.1 27.3 25.8 25.7 25.6 26.4 28.0 27.6 29.0

36--40 (born 1929-1933) 16.6 17.3 13.0 17.3 18.3 11.7 15.9 16.4 14.6 14.6 15.6 12.2 31-35 (born 1934-1938) 17A 18.6 12.8 17.8 18.6 13.3 17.1 18.4 12.8 18.6 18.3 11.9 30 or less (born after 1938) 16.0 16.0 19.7 14.6 13.4 21.1 17.0 18,7 18.1 18.0 17.2 20.3 Race: White 96.3 96.6 94.7 97.7 97.7 97.7 93.5 94.2 91.3 98.4 99.1 98.7 Black 2.2 1.8 3.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 6.0 4.2 7.4 .7 .6 1.4 Oriental 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 .9 .6 .2 1.4 Other .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .5 Citizenship:

Not U.S. citizen 3.8 4.0 2.8 4.8 6.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 .9 .8 1,3

U.S. citizen, naturalized 5,3 5.5 4.8 5.6 5,6 6.3 5.6 6,8 4,9 3.8 4.3 2.2

U.S. citizen, native 90.9 90.5 92,6 89.8 89.2 91.6 91.1 90.9 91.9 95.3 94.8 96.5

Father's educational attainment:

Eighth grade or less 29.1 30.0 26.6 26.1 28.9 21.9 30.5 31.5 28.7 37.1 39.4 30.5

Some high school 14.3 14.4 13.7 13.5 13.6 13.3 16.0 15.4 13,6 15.1 15.2 15.0

Completed high school 17.6 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.2 17.7 17.1 17.4 16.0 19.3 19.1 20.1 Some college 12.6 12.4 13.7 13.1 12.9 14.2 12.2 12.2 12.3 12.1 10.8 16.9 College endues 9.7 9.8 10.0 11.0 10.9 11.7 9.0 8.7 10.1 6.5 8.7 6.8

Some graduate school 5.4 5.0 7.1 5.8 5.5 7.5 6.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 2.7 4.5

Adv.nced degree 11.4 11.1 12.8 13.1 13.0 13.8 10.7 9.9 13.3 6.8 6.1 8.2

Religious background: Protestant 64.1 632 85.4 87.6 66.8 72.2 59.4 59.3' 69.7 64.3 84.4 64,1 Catholic 16.9 15.9 21.3 13.0 12.7 14.8 192 18.6 24.3 23.4 21.8 28,2

Jewish 9.7 10.4 6.7 10.1 10.7 8.2 11.5 12.3 8.9 3.3 3.7 2.2

Other 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.6 3.8 2.8 None 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.4 No answer 2.7 3.0 1.2 2.3 2.8 .9 3.0 3.4 1.8 3.1 3.8 1.3

Current religion: Protestant 47.9 47.1 61.4 48.9 47.8 55.8 46.1 44.6 48.7 52.0 51.4 53.8 Catholic 13.5 12.2 19.2 9.6 9.2 12.2 16.4 14.7 22.4 20.1 17.8 28.8

Jewish 7.0 7.3 6.4 8.9 7.3 4.9 8.8 9.0 7.6 2.4 2.6 1.8 Other 59 6.1 5.2 6.0 8.2 5.1 5.8 5.7 6.1 6.8 7.1 5.9

None 20.7 21.9 15.8 23.7 24.6 189 19.0 20.2 15.0 13.8 15.0 10.1 No answer 4.9 5.4 3.1 4.7 4.9 3.4 5.3 5.8 3.3 6.0 6.0 2.1 Marital status: Currently married 79.3 87.0 47.4 83.2 89.4 48.1 74.9 83.7 46.6 78.7 88.0 50.3

Divorced, separated, widowed 4.8 3.0 12.4 4.1 2.7 12.1 6.7 3.5 12.9 5.2 2.8 12.2 Never married 159 10.0 40.1 12.7 79 39.8 19.4 12.8 41.6 18.1 11.2 375

Number of ciiildren: None 36.1 29.3 65.3 32.3 26.2 67.3 40.6 33.7 84.8 38.0 29.7 61.9 One 15.9 16.7 12.3 15.7 16.4 12.0 16.0 16.9 12.8 16.3 18.0 11.8 Two 23.7 26.3 122 26.4 27.7 12.0 22.0 24.3 13.8 22.6 252 12.7 Three Or more 24.3 27.7 9.8 28.6 29.7 8.7 21.4 25.1 8.8 23.1 26.3 13.9 NOTE.-Data are based upon a sample survey by the Carnag

Commission on the Future of Hillher Education and the American

Council on Education. BOOKS. of rounding, percentages may not add

to 100.0.

87

SOURCE: American Council on Education, Research Report Vol. 5.

No. 5, College and University Faculty: A Statistical Description, June

1970.
Table 104.-Professional background and academic activity of college faculty members, by typo of Institution

and by sox: United Stilton, 1972-73

(Percentage distribution]

Item Ali institutions Universities Four eer col ages Two-year colleges Total Men Woman Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Total 100,0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Highest degree currently held:

None, less than BA 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.7 3.3 3.6 2,3 Bachelor's 4,9 4.5 8,5 5.1 4.9 6.3 3.2 2.8 4.3 8.2 7.3 10.9 Niagara's 44.9 40.8 61,6 309 25.0 69.9 47.0 44.3 58,8 73.5 73.6 73.2 LL.B., J.D., other professional

(except medics') 5.0 5.4 3.7 6.1 6.6 3.8 4,7 6.1 3.6 3.1 2.9 3,8

Doctorate (except medical, Ed.D., or Ph.D 1 1.6 1.8 1.2 1.6 1.7 1.0 1,8 . 1,8 1.6 1.0 1.1 0.9 Ed.D 3.0 3.1 2.6 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.8 4.0 3.1 1.6 1.7 1,4 Medical (M.D. or D.D.S.) 1,1 1,2 0.5 2.3 2,5 1.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.3 0.2 Ph.D. 30.2 33.8 15,6 40.2 44.9 18.4 31.4 34.2 21.5 4.3 4.5 3.4

(No answer/ 8.1 8.3 7.4 10,3 10.8 8.5 7.3 7.1 8.2 4.7 4.9 4,0

Year highest degree received: Before 1940 4.4 4.6 3.4 6.0 6.3 4.7 3.5 3.7 2.9 2.4 3.2 2.2 1940-1949 9,0 9.4 7.4 11.6 11.8 10.6 7,6 8.2 6.5 5.7 6.2 4.1 1950-1959 24.3 25.6 19.1 26.2 27.7 18.7 22.7 23.5 20.0 22.9 24.4 18,1 1960-1069 46.5 45.4 50.7 43.6 42.4 49.8 48.5 47,8 50.8 48.9 47.9 51.9 1970 - present 10.5 9.8 12.9 8.5 7,8 11.6 12,5 12.1 13.6 10.9 10.1 13.5

,No higher degree, or no answer 5.5 Ea 0.6 4.1 4.0 4.7 5.1 4.9 6.0 9,2 8.9 10.2 Major field of highest degree: Business 4.1 4.7 1.9 3.2 3.7 0.9 4.7 5.5 2.0 5,0 5.5 3.5 Education (Including physical and health

education) 14.8 12.6 23.4 11.3 9.1 21.9 16,3 13.9 24.8 19.8 18.8 22.9 Biblogical scierces (including agriculture) 6.8 7.4 4.3 9.2 10.1 4.7 4,9 5.1 4.2 5.1 E.* 4.1 Physical SCIVIM (including mathematics/

statistics, and computer sciences) 11.5 13.3 4.3 10.8 12.3 3.0 12.4 14.6 4.4 11.4 13.0

. 6.2 Engineering (Inc, !ding architecture/design) 6.3 7.8 0.4 89 10.5 0.8 4.8 5.8 0.3 4.0 5.3 0.0 Social sciences (ikluding psychology

and geography) 12.4 13.3 8.6 13.1 14.2 7.4 13.0 14.1 8.7 9.5 9.2 10.5 Fine arts 8.4 8.3 9.2 7.2 7.0 8.4 10.2 9.8 11.6 7.7 8,2 5.9 Humanities 17.6 16.8 20.6 14.3 14.0 15.7 21.2 20.5 23.9 17.7 16.2 22.3 Health sciences 4.6 3.2 10.2 8.2 6.6 16.4 1.6 0.5 6.1 3.0 0.8 10.1 Other professions (including social work,

law. Journalism, library science) 4.0 3.7 4.9 5.3 5.1 6.2 3.7 3.3 5.1 1.4 1.0 2.6 All other fields (including home economics,

industrial arts, vocationaltschnical) 2.7 . 2.1 5.4 29 1.7 8.4 2.0 1.5 3.6 4.2 4.3 3.8 None, no higher degree (Including

no answer) 6.7 6.7 6.6 5.8 6.7 6.2 6.5 6,3 6.3 11.4 12.5 8.1 Principal activity of current position: Administration 11.4 12.2 8.5 12.8 13.7 8.6 12.0 12.6 10.0 6.9 7.5 5.2 Teaching 82.2 81.2 88.5 75.8 74.2 83.5 85.4 84.9 87.2 90.6 90.8 89.8 Research 4.2 4.8 1.6 8.5 9.5 3.7 1.3 1.5 0.8 0.3 0.2 0.4 Other 2.2 1.9 3.4 2.9 2.8 4.2 1.4 1.1 2.2 2.2 1.5 4.6 Employment status for current academic year:

Full time 85.3 96.1 91.8 929 94.8 89.2 95.4 96.5 91.4 98.2 98.8 96.3 Part time, more than half time 1.3 0.9 2.9 1.6 1.2 3.8 1.4 0.9 3.2 0.5 0.3 1.2 Half time 1.2 0.8 2.7 1.3 0.9 3.5 1.4 1.0 2.9 0.6 0.4 1.2 Less than half time 2,2 2.1 2.6 3.2 3.1 3.5 1.9 1.7 2.5 0.7 0.6 1.3 Present rank: Professor 26.4 30.3 11.0 36.2 40.9 12.3 24.3 27.8 11.9 8.0 8.2 7.4 Associate professor 24.3 25.1 21.0 25.4 26.4 20.4 27.2 27.8 24.9 15.5 16.8 14.G Assistant professor 26.3 23.8 31.2 24.4 22.3 35.1 32.2 309 37.1 12.9 12.5 13,9

Instructor 13.2 10.4 24,3 8.7 5.9 22.8 10.8 8.6 18.4 29.0 26.2 37.8 Lecturer 2.5 2.2 4.0 3.2 2.7 5.8 2.8 2.4 4.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 Do not hold rank designation 6.7 6.8 6.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 1.6 1.6 1.6 32.1 34.4 25.0 Other rank 1.6 1.4 2.1 1.7 1.4 3.2 1.1 1.0 12 2.1 2.5 1.0 Number of hours per week in scheduled teaching:

None, or no answer 8.6 6.4 7.6 7.2 7.1 7.9 8.2 59 7.: 61 6.8 8.0 1 to 4 hours 11.8 12.5 9.0 17.8 18.8 12.9 9.0 9.2 8.t1 3.7 3.7 3.5 5 to 8 hours 21.8 23.2 18.2 32.6 34.6 22.6 17.5 18.0 15.8 5.9 5.5 7.2 9 to 12 hours 28.3 28.3 28.1 25.2 24.5 28.7 39.6 40.5 36.6 11.4 11.6 11.1 13 to 16 hours 17.3 16.2 21.9 8.8 7.7 14.3 17.5 17.2 18.8 36.7 35.7 40.0 17 hours or more 14.1 13.3 17.1 8.4 7.3 13.6 10.1 9.3 13.1 36.9 37.7 30.2 Current base Institutional salary:

$6,600 or lees 2.7 2.0 5.7 2.9 2.3 6.1 2.9 2.1 6.3 1.7 0.9 4.1 $8,600 - $9,500 7.0 4.4 17.6 4.3 2.2 14.7 9.2 6.0 21.5 8.7 6.8 15.5 $9,600 - $11,500 12.5 10.4 21.4 9.0 6.4 22.0 16.9 15.3 22.8 11.6 9.6 18.0 $11,600-$13,500 18.4 16.2 17.3 13.9 12.8 19.1 19.4 20.4 15.7 16.9 15.5 17.2 113,600 - 515,500.... 15.8 16.5 13.1 15.0 15.1 14.8 15.1 16.3 10.6 19.1 20.4 15.0 $15,800-$17,500 13.2 14.2 8.9 12.6 13.2 9.4 10.4 11.5 8.0 20.6 22.7 13.3 $17,600-519,500 9.9 10.9 5.5 10.6 11.8 4.5 7.3 8.0 4.7 131 15.0 8.4 $19,000 - $21,500 6.8 7.7 2.8 8.8 9.9 3.4 8.0 6.9 2.6 3.7 4.2 2.4 121,600-524,500 6.1 7.0 2.3 8.9 10.3 1.7 6.0 5.2 3.9 1.8 2.2 0.6 $24,600 or more 9.7 10.8 5.4 14.1 16.0 4.6 7.9 8.4 6.0 3.5 2.9 5.6 Salary basis:

9/10 months 66.8 86.2 69.0 60.1 60.3 64.3 68,4 08.7 87.6 78.9 78.5 79.9 11/12 months 33.2 33.8 31.0 39.9 40.7 35.7 31.6 31.3 32.6 21.1 21.5 20.1 NOTE.-Date are bend upon sample sunny. Because of

rounang, percentages may not add to 100.0.

88

SOURCE: American Council on Education, Research Report

Vol. 8, No. 2, Teaching Faculty n Academe: 1972-73.
Table 106.-Number and average salary of full -time instructional faculty on 9-10-rnonth contracts In Institutions of higher education,

by type of institution, academic rank, and sex: United States, 1972-73

Total Univenitles Other 4.year 2.year

Institutions Institutions Number Number Number Number Rank and sex of Average of Average of Average of Average

faculty salary faculty salary faculty salary faculty salon/ members members members member'

1 2 3 4 . 6 6 7 8 9 Total 251,897 813,813 93,334 15,301 120,192 $13,099 38,371 $12463 Men 196,843 14,360 78,008 16,869 92,106 13,493 25,729 12,890 Women 66,054 11,901 15,326 11%410 28,068 11,638 12,642 11,888 Professors 55,424 18,916 27,616 20,792 25,378 17,131 2,430 16,231 Men 49,608 19,127 25,876 20,967 22,198 17,203 1,894 16544 Women 6,456 16,978 1,740 18,199 3,180 16,622 538 15,,122 Associate Professors 68,755 14,354 24,409 14,983 30,044 13,833 4,302 14,428 Men 49,205 14,472 21,386 16,072 24,613 13,953 3,228 14,459 Women 9,550 13,748 3,043 14,359. 5,431 13,291 1,078 14,327

Assistant professors 86,234 12,046 31,371 12,464 46,697 11,741 8,166 12,181 Men 65,710 12,232 25,172 12,602 34,981 11,960 5,557 12,259 Women 20,524 11,450 6,199 11,901 11,718 11,086 2,609 12,015

Instructors 61,484 10,662 9,938 9,779 18,073 9,462 23,473 11,969 Men 30,960 11,005 5,694 10,031 10,314 9,805 16,052 12,327 Women 20,524 10,1.13 4,344 9,454 7,759 9,273 8,421 11,301 SOURCE: Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, National Center for Educational Statistics,

preliminary data from ,elease dated February 16, 1973,

Table 106.-Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rink, type of institution,

and ails of enrollment: United States, 1969-70 and 1971-72

U.S.

1969-70 1971-72 Type of institution and

size of enrollment All ranks Professors Associate Assistant Instructors All ranks Prof wore Associate Assistant Instructors

combined professors professors combined professors professors

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 All 4yara col gas and universities $11,745 $107V9 $12,986 $10,698 $8,357 $12,932 $180111 $13,958 $11 ,811 $9,218 Public universities: 10,000 students and over 12,740 17,841 13,619 11,230 8,665 13960 19,131 14,629 12,109 9.385

5,000 to 9,999 11,398 15,643 12,692 10,851 8,346 12,757 17,052 13,770 11,562 9,195

Under 5,000 11,426 15,855 12,560 10,492 8,375. 12,411 18,777 13,707 11,382 9,241 Private universities: 5,000 and over 13,044 18,829 13,603 10,979 8,542 14,303 20,569 14,644 11,912 9,812

Under 6,000 11,318 16,288 12,431 19,299 8,334 12,763 17,839 13,857 11,460 9,334 Public colleen 11,231 15,656 12,786 10,492 8,620 12,304 17,666 13,618 11.271 9,222

Private toileges: 1.1X0 end over 10,191 14,302 11,473 9,699 8,152 11,483 15,929 12,716 10,748 9,159

500 ?e2 999 9,413 12,597 10,610 9,124 7,777 10,440 13,735 11,470 10,007 8,505 Under 500 8,886 11,773 10,178 8,440 7,282 9,960 13,250 10,962 9,411 8,299 All 2.year institutional 10,628 11,758 Public institutions 10,850 11,962

2,000 students and over 11,666 13,255

1,000 to 1,959 10,231 10,765

Under 1,000 9,164 10,002 Private institutions 8,190 8,856

'Since a majority of the reporting 2year institutions have not established professional ranks, data are not shown byrank for these institutions. NOTE.-Salaries are for 9 months of full-time teaching.

SOURCES. National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1970-R7, Salaries hr Higher Education. 1969-72: and Research Report 1972-R6, Salaries in

Higher Education, 1971-72. (Copyright 0 1970 and 1972, respectively, by the National EducationAssociation. All rights reserved.)

89
Table 107. -Medkin annual Waren of Instructional staff and administrathn officers in 4-year mileage

and univenides: United States, 1959-60 to 1971-72 Position 1969 -60 1961-82 1963 -64 1965-66 1967-88 1989-70 1971-72

1

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 a

Instructional staff in 4-year

colleges and universities: AU ranks $ 6,711 $ 7,488 $ 8,163 $ 9,081 $10,235 $11,746 $12,932

Pr:nelson 9,107 10,258 11,312 12,953 14,713 16,799 18,091

Associate professors 7,332 8,187 8,969 10,058 11,393 12,985 13,958

Assistant professors 6,231 8,900 7,639 8,417 9,472 10,898 11,511

Instructors and lecturers 5,095 5,582 8,114 5,781 7,498 8,418 9,347

Administrative officers: President 13,827 15,375 17,330 19,638 22,303 26,079 29,760

Vigo president 14,164 16,000 17,130 19,012 21,458 23,250 26,313

Dean of the college 10,723 12,230 13,644 15,703 18,141 19,125 19,975 Dean of students 8,796 9,552 10,094 12,027 14,088 18,050 117,830

Dan of men 7,280 8,202 9,144 9.783 10,983 12,319 13,480 Dean of women 8,638 7,399 8,216 9,209 10,289 11,408 12,448 Dean of admissions 7,880 8,636 9,572 10,384 11,448 12,983 14,280

Registrar 8,340 7,312 8,142 9,123 10,356 11,743 13,108

Business manager 8,538 9,4Q5 10,512 11,780 14,914 17,815 19,419

Chief librarian 7,078 8,163 8,883 10,225 11,817 13,439 14,891

Director of public relations 7,194 7,859 8,440 9,596 10,823 12,764 14,852

Director of athletics 8,104 8,930 9,871 11,125 12,470 14,311 15,821

Had football coach 7,824 8,554 9,321 10,716 11,488 13,395 14,591 Head lasketbell coach 8,888 7,700. 8,542 9,383 10;185 11,779 13,208

Median for "nudent personnel services vice president."

NOTE.-Salaries of instructional staff are for 9 months of full-time teaching; salaries of administrative officers are usually

for 11 or 12 months of service.

SOURCES: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1970R3, Economic Status of the

Teaching Propellors. 1969-70: end Research Report 1972R5, Salutes Paid and SalaryRelated Practices ln Higher

Education, 1971 -72. (Copyright 0 1972 by the Nenoral Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 108. - Number of insdtutions a higher education, by type, control, and size

of enroNnunt: United States, fell 1972

Control of institution and

size of enrollment All Institutions Universities Al other

4-year Institutions

2-year institutions Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Public and prints instkutions 2.605 9.214.590 158 3.046.994 1,642 3,500,379 964 2.60.797 Under 200 262 28,947 0 0 190 19,889 72 9,068 200 to 409 367 130,019 0 0 215 76,200 162 53,810

600 to 999 542 396,178 0 0 356 268,811 176 127,387

1,000 to 2,499 680 1,062,898 1 1,985 409 637,028 270 423,687

2,500 to 4.999 328 1,161,428 10 40,410 175 611,911 143 509,107

5,000 to 9,909 269 1,841,728 46 371,133 120 836,034 93 634,559

10,000 to 19,999 149 2,093,994 46 703,222 52 672,172 51 718,600

20,000 to 29,999 44 1,014,850 27 620,088 11 252,302 8 142,480

30,000 or more 34 1,485,020 29 1,311,878 4 128,025 1 47,119

PAW instkedoes MC 7,0110,574 94 2,342,433 355 2,174,671 733 2,552,654 Under 200 10 1,482 U 0 4 483 6 979

200 to 499 60 23,095 0 0 8 2,800 52 20,296

500 to 999 159 119,903 0 0 21 17,241 138 102,662

1,000 to 2,499 314 511,792 0 0 66 115,193 248 386,599

2,500 to 4,999 233 1635,511 0 . 0 94 341,181 139 494,330

5,000 to 9,999 208 1,453,452 15 123,701 99 700,251 92 629,500

10,000 to 19,999 179 1,806,344 30 468,649 48 819,095 51 718,600 20,000 to 29,999 39 897,232 22 502,450 11 252,302 6 142,480

30,000 Of more 32 1,420,783 27 1,247,639 4 126,025 1 47,119

1,483 2,145,255 85 706,255 1,157 1.325.11012 231

... Privets katitutkele 113,223 Under 200 252 27.485 0 0 186 18,408 66 8,079 200 to 414 307 108,924 0 0 207 73,409 100 33,516

500 to 999 383 278,275 0 0 346 261,570 38 24,706

1,000 to 2,499 386 560,906 1 1,985 343 521,833 22 27,088

2,500 to 4,999 96 325,917 10 40,410 81 270,730 4 14,777 5,000 to 9,999 53 388,274 31 247,432 21 135,783 1 6,050

10,000 to 19,999 20 287,650 16 234,573 4 53,077 0 0

20,000 to 29,999 5 117,618 5 117,818 0 0 0 0

20,000 or more 2 64,237 2 64,237 0 0 0 0 NOTE.-Inducles students whose Prografre of nude we

creditable towed bachelor's or higher degree and also students

In 1-, 2-, or lyear undergreduste programs not creditable toward

a bachelor's degree but designed for irrmediets employnant or

to provide gsrwrel education.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health Education and Welfare,

011 Ica of Education, Fen Emotarsent di Hishe Education, 1972
Trend in Higher Education is Toward Coeducation

The Education Directory for the academic year

1970-71, issued by the National Center for

Educational Statistics, lists 2,573 colleges,

universities, and professional schools in the United

States and its outlying areas. Ten years earlier the

comparable figure was 2,028. Thus, in a single

decade, 545 schools have been added to the Office of

Education's universe of institutions offering 2 or

more years of college-level work.

One of the most obvious trends in American

higher education in recent years is the trend toward

coeducation. As the accompanying chart indicates,

the number of institutions for men decreased from

236 to 154 in the past decade, and the number of

colleges and universities for women dropped from

259 to 193. During the same period, the number of

coeducational institutions rose from 1,533 to 2,226.

A number of leading institutions which previously

had been attended only by men or by women became

coeducational during the 1960's.

Only 16 of the single-sex institutions (11 for men

and 5 for women) are publicly controlled. Approximately three-fifths (205) of these institutions are

affiliated with a religious group, and the remaining

126 are under private nonsectarian control.

Most of the institutions attended exclusively by

men or by women students are relatively small

colleges. More than four-fifths of them enroll fewer

than 1,000 students, and the average enrollment is

approximately 700. The 347, institutions combined

enroll only about 3 percent of all the students on

college campuses today.

For information on individual institutions,

coeducational or utherwise, the reader may wish to

consult the Education Directory, Higher Education,

1970-71 (OE-50000-71). The publication may be

purchased at 53.75 a copy from the Superintendent

of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D.C. 20402.

-W. VANCE GRANT

Acting Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections

Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics

Figure 11.Number of institutions of higher education, for men, for women, and

coeducational: United States and outlying areas, 1960-61 to 1970-71

Institutions

2,400

2,000

1,600

1,200

400

../1M SWIM

1960-61

..--- Coeducational institutions 000

00'

00°

40.0 ""

Institutions for men

1962-63 1964-65

Institutions for women

91

1966-67 1968-69 1970-71
Table 109.Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State:

Fall 1972

State Total

All Institutions Universities All other 4year

Institutions 2.year Institutions Public Private Public Private Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10 United States 2,605 1,182 1,483 94 es 355 1,187 733 231 Alabama 51 30 21 2 0 10 16 18 5 Alaska 3 1 2 1 0 0 1 0 1 Arizona 20 14 6 2 0 1 4 11 2 Arkansas 19 8 11 1 0 5 8 2 3 California 216 114 102 1 4 21 90 92 8 Colorado 32 21 11 2 1 7 9 12 1 Connecticut 48 20 26 1 1 4 19 16 6 Delaware 7 3 4 1 0 1 1: 1 3 District of Columbia 20 3 17 0 6 2 9 1 3 Florida 64 36 28 3 1 6 23 27 4 Georgia 61 29 32 1 1 15 23 13 8 Hawaii 13 8 5 1 0 1 4 6 1

Idaho 9 8 3 1 0 3 2 2 1

Illinois 138 50 88 3 5 7 73 40 10

Indiana 44 6 38 4 2 0 33 2 3

Iowa 54 18 38 2 1 7 30 15 5 Kansas 52 28 24 3 0 4 20 21 4 Kentucky 36 8 28 2 0 6 21 0 7 Louisiana 23 12 11 1 2 9 9 2 0 Maine 17 4 13 1 0 1 12 2 1 Maryland 48 25 23 1 1 8 20 16 2 Massachusetts 118 30 88 1 7 13 55 16 26

Michigan 87 42 46 3 1 10 38 29 6 Minnesota 57 26 31 1 0 7 27 18 4 Mississippi ... 41 24 17 2 0 6 10 16 7 Missouri 70 22 48 1 2 9 40 12 8 Montana 12 9 3 2 0 4 3 3 0 Nebraska 27 13 14 1 1 4 12 8 1 Nevada 6 5 1 1 0 1 1 3 0

New Hampshire 19 4 15 1 0 2 13 1 2 New Jersey 58 25 33 1 2 10 22 14 9 New Mexico 11 8 3 2 0 4 3 2 0

New York 225 79 148 2 12 33 118 44 16 North Carolina 113 68 45 2 2 14 29 52 14 North Dakota 12 9 3 2 0 4 3 3 0 Ohio 101 32 69 8 1 5 61 19 7 Oklahoma 40 26 14 2 1 TO 8 14 5 Oregon 40 20 20 2 1 5 17 13 2 Pennsylvania 146 31 115 3 4 14 100 14 11 Rhode Islam' 13 3 10 1 0 1 10 1 0 South Caroline 46 22 24 2 0 7 19 13 6 South Dakota 16 6 10 2 0 4 8 0 2 Tennessee d2 19 43 1 1 6 34 12 8

Texas 132 77 55 6 4 23 44 48 7 Utah 13 9 4 2 1 2 1 5 2 Vermont 18 5 13 1 0 3 10 1 3 Virginia 69 36 33 3 0 10 26 23 7 Nashington 43 31 12 2 0 4 12 25 0

Nest Virginia 24 14 10 1 0 9 8 4 2 Nisconsin 58 28 30 1 1 12 28 15 1 Nyoming 8 8 0 1 0 0 0 7 0

J.S. Service Schools 7 7 0 0 0 7 0 0 0 Outlying areas 15 7 8 1 0 4 7 2 1 kmerican Samoa 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

:anal Zone 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Strom 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

'tart° Ric() 10 2 8 1 0 1 7 0 1 Virgin Islands 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 Trust Territory of the

Pacific Islands I 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, unpublished data from the

92

survey, Fall Enro Imam In Higher Education, 1972.
Table 1111Number of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State:

Fall 1972

State Public Private Total Statel Local State and Local Independent of church,Denominational Protestant Roman Catholic

Other2

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

United stet« 2,646 679 334 176 093 499 266 31 Alabama 61 30 0 0 6 13 3 0 Alaska 3 1 0 0 0 2 0 0 Arizona 20 3 9 2 6 I 0 0 Arkansas 19 8 2 0 1 10 0 0 California 218 22 84 8 84 21 15 2 Colorado 1 32 15 4 2 6 3 2 0

Connecticut 46 20 0 0 17 ..... 0" 9 0 Delaware 7 3 0 0 1 0 0

District of Colvnbia 20 0 2 1. . 8 2 7 0

Florida 64 9 27 0 15 .., 0 5 0

Georgia 61 28 1 0 12 20 0 0 Hawaii 13 8 0 0 2 1 1 1

Idaho 9 4 2 0 . 0 2 0 1

Illinois 138 14 16 21 44 29 13 2

Indiana 44 6 0 0 9 19 10 0

Iowa 54 6 3 9 10 15 10 1 Kansas 62 9 18 3 2 16 6 0

Kentucky 30 8 0 0 8 14 8 0

Louisiana 23 10 1 1 1 4 6 0 Maine 17 4 0 0 11 0 2 0 Maryland 48 9 11 5 16 2 5 1 Massachusetts 118 27 3 0 71 4 12 1 Michigan 87 13 26 3 27 11 7 0 Minnesota 67 26 0 0 5 16 10 0 Mississippi 41 11 8 6 5 12 0 0 Missouri 70 8 11 3 17 19 12 0 Montana 12 6 3 0 0 1 2 0 Nebraska 27 6 8 0 5 7 2 0 Nevada 6 6 0 0 1 0 0 0

New Hampahire 19 4 0 0 13 0 2 0 New Jersey 58 11 6 8 12 8 14 1 New Mexico 11 7 1 0 1 0 2 0 New York 225 29 12 38 101 7 21 17 North Carolina 113 37 2 29 7 36 2 0 North Dakota 12 7 2 0 0 2 1 0

Ohio 101 25 3 4 26 24 17 2 Oklahoma 40 21 3 2 4 9 1 0

Oregon 40 7 11 2 12 7 1 0 Pennsylvania 148 17 11 3 59 30 26 0 Rhode Island 13 3 0 0 8 0 4 0 South Carolina 46 18 2 2 7 17 0 0 South Dakota 16 8 0 0 2 6 2 0 Tennewee 62 19 0 0 14 27 2 0 Texas 132 34 30 13 16 33 7 0 Utah 13 9 0 0 1 1 0 2 Vermont 18 6 0 0 11 0 2 0

Virginia 60 36 0 0 11 21 1 0 Washington 43 25 2 4 2 6 5 0

West Virginia 24 14 0 0 5 4 1 0 Wisconsin 58 16 .8 5 15 5 10 0

Wyoming 8 1 5 2 0 0 0 0 U.S. Service Schools 7 7/ 0 0 0 0 0 0

lihrtlyIng areas 15 7 0 0 4 0 American Samoa 1 1 0 0 0 0 Canal Zone

. Guam

1

1

11 0

0

00

0

0

0

0 0 Puerto Rico 10 2 0 4 1 3 0

Virgin Islands 1 1 0 0 0 0 Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 1 1 0 0 0 0

1 Includes institutions under Federal control 17 US. Sarvicie SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Schools and Canal Zone College). Welfare, Office of Education, Fail Enrollment In Higher 2 Includes Jewish, Latter Day Saints, Greek Orthodox, Education. 1972: Education Directory, 1972-73, Higher Russian Orthodox, and Unitarian. Education; and unpublished data.
Table 111.-Earned depose confined by Institutions of higher education, by level of dooms

and by Stec 1970-71 and 1971-72

State

1970-71 1971-721

Bachelor's

&grass

First

professional *vacs Master's dogmas

Doctor's

dogmas Bachelor's dawns

First

professional

degrees Master's derma

Doctor's

deafen

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Linked Slaw 838,730 37,948 230,501 32,107 870,000 46,000 237,000 33,400 Alabama 13,000 425 2,581 265 13,000 600 2,840 280 Alaska 389 0 231 12 400 0 240 10

Arizona 8,":61 212 3,166 300 8,000 250 3,250 410 Arkansas 7,284 206 1,185 118 7,800 240 1,220 120 California 73,844 3,893 21,097 3,349 78,900 4,620 21,740 3,480

Colorado 12,401 502 3,671 656 12,900 600 3,690 680

Connecticut 11,499 449 4,362 519 12,000 530 4,400 540

Dolmen, 1;002 0. 472 75 1,700 0 400 eo District of Columbia 6,907 1,544 4,832 676 6,300 1,830 4,770. SOO Florida 20,033 066 5,00) 702 21,800 790 5,220 730

Georgie 15,117 780 4,541 458 15,800 910 4,080 470

Hawaii 3,061 0 1,104 78 3,200 0 1,140 so

Idaho 2,744 34 482 57 2,900 40 480 60

Illinois 41,881 2,461 13,787 2,068 43,700 2,920 14,190 2,170

indents 23,842 868 8,632 1,366 24,700 1,030 8,900 1,410

Iowa 14,784 2,680 702 15,400 710 2,760 730

Kamm 12,3510 2,849 387 12,900 480 2,940 400

Kentucky 12,450 844 2,766 190 13,000 1,000 2,850 200

Louisiana 14,061 820 3,343 391 14,700 970 3,450 410

Maine 4,482 se 748 26 4,7® 70 770 30

Maryland 12,824 802 3,244 562 13,200 710 3,340 570 Manse lumens 30,832 2,111 11,236 1,791 32,000 2,600 11,590 1,860 Nakao 38,792 1,481 13,261 1,793 39,400 1,780 13,000 1,870 Minnesota 18,874 . 2,781 613 19,500 803 2,870 640

Mississippi 8,818

_738

195 1,656 225 9,200 230 1,710 230 Missouri Montana

19,533

3,991

1,406

36

6,000

682

645

76

20,400

4,200

1,670

40

8,190

700

670

80 Nebraska 9,876 402 1,374 223 10,300 480 1,420 230 Nevada 1,253 0 200 19 1,300 0 270 20

New Hampshire 4,328 0 598 54 4,500 0 620 00

New Amoy 19,890 883 5,894 561 20,600 810 5,870 570

New Mexico 4,327 82 1,301 182 4,500 100 1,340 190 New York 72,235 4,196 29,971 3,370 75,400 4,970 30,890' 3,510

North Caroline 19,847 737 3,443 723 20,700 870 3,550 750

North Dakota 4.017 34 885 118 4,200 40 890 120 Ohio 44,325 1,730 9,782 1,419 48,200 2,060 10,080 1,480

Oklahoma 12,488 352 2,898 487 13,000 420 2,900 490

Oregon 10,009 485 3,251 494 10,600 580 3,360 510

Pennsylvania 50,074 2,396 12,434 1.636 52,100 2,830 12,810 1,700

Rhoda Island 5,107 0 1,304 207 5,300 0 1,340 220

South Carolina 8,039 278 1,092 125 8,400 330 1,130 130

South Dakota 4,798 66 866 52 5,000 70 800 50

Tennessee 18,575 808 3,238 484 17,300 1,030 3,340 500 Texas 43,329 2,112 9,803 1,358 46,100 2,500 9,900 1,410

Utah 9,388 166 2,018 394 9,800 200 2,080 410

Vermont 3,045 48 704 28 3,200 50 730 30

Virginia 14,782 808 3,174 372 15,400 900 3,270 390

Washington 18,558 387 3,427 574 17,300 480 3,630 GOO West Virginia 7,901 184 1,285 102 8,200 220 1,300 110 Wisconsin 22,700 614 4,815 960 23,700 730 4,980 1,000

Wyoming 1,315 34 329 88 1.400 40 340 90

U.S. Service Schook 2,887 0 958 19 3,000 0 900 20

Outlying wan 5,390 330 977 8,700 390 1,010 10

Canal Zone 7 0 0 0 (2) 0 0

Guam 97 0 83 0 100 70 0

Puerto Rico 8,228 330 914 6 6,500 300 940 10

Virgin Islands

1111111Mt 48 0 0 0 10::: 0 0

I Estimated. SOURCES: U.S. Dopertment of Wraith, Education, and

2 Lass than 50. Welfare, Office of Education, tamed Degrees Confined

1970-71: and Office of Education estimates.

94
Table 112.-9acheloes, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by intltutions of higher education,

by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71

Major field of study

Bachelor's dogmas

requiring 4 or 5 years

Secondlevel (master's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D, etc.) Total Men Women Tote! Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

All fields 839,730 476,594 364,136 230,509 138,146 92,383 32,107 27,530 4,577

Agriculture and natural resources 12,672 12,138 536 2,457 2,313 144 1,086 1,055 31 Agriculture, general 1,491 1,445 46 123 122 1 .... .... .... Agronomy 823 612 11 293 283 10 189 166 4 Soils science 212 207 5 87 84 3 89 84 5 Animal science 2,445 2,222 223 344 318 28 145 140 5 Dairy science 245 237 8 54 52 2 30 30 Poultry science 80s 79 1 50 45 6 27 27 .... Fish, game, and wildlife management 936 916 20 161 144 7 43 42 1 Horticulture 385 347 38 161 147 14 76 73 3 Ornamental horticulture 200 176 24 10 9 1 2 Agricultural and farm management 213 210 Agricultural economics 1,175 1,165 10 417 403 14 212 209 3 Agricultural business 883 886 18 5 Food science end technology 333 286 47 188 155 33 119 110 9 Forestry 1,826 1,804 22 291 282 9 92 92 ..

Natural resources management 424 396 28 76 74 2 16 18 ... Agriculture end forestry technologies 164 154 .... 16 18 .... 8 Range management 136 134 2 27 27 15 16 .... Other 711 681 30 184 147 17 43 42 i

Architecture and environmental design 5,570 4,906 684 1,706 1,469 236 38 33 3 Environmental design, general 568 404 184 58 42 18 2 2 Architecture 3,459 3,284 176 825 578 47 6

Interior design 314 82 232 6 2 4 .... .... .... Landscape architecture 505 474 31 107 99 8 1 Urban architecture .... .... .... 60 54 6 3 2 1 City, community, and regional planning 229 204 26 810 658 162 23 23 .... Other 495 468 37 39 36 3 1 Area studies ',492 1,174 1,318 1,007 618 389 144 120 24 Asian studies, general 182 83 79 100 68 32 8 5 1 East Asian studios 42 18 24 87 85 22 8 7 1 South Asian (India, etc.) studies 26 16 10 18 11 7 3 Southeast Asian studies 10 6 5 8 6 2 .... .... .... African studies 13 6 8 67 40 27 2

Islamic studies 3 1 2 .... .... .... 1 Russian and Slavic studies 136 73 63 49 29 20 4

Latin American studies 280 148 132 148 78 70 3 Middle Eastern studies 4 2 2 11 8 2 .... .. .... European studies, general 51 31 Eastern European readies 20 17 West European studies 26 11 15 6 4 American studies 1,466 830 836 231 10C 125 67 49 18 Pacific area studies 1 1 .... .... .... .... .... .... .... Other 252 133 119 286 205 80 50 46 4 Biological sciences 35,743 25,333 10,410 5,728 3,805 1,923 3,645 3,050 595 Biology, general 26,294 18,253 8,041 2,865 1,746 919 536 405 131 Botany, general 646 349 197 311 212 99 223 196 28 Bacteriology 353 210 143 74 47 27 42 34 8

Plant pathology 15 13 2 90 69 21 105 100 6 Plant physiology 7 8 1 28 19 9 37 34 3 Zoology, general 5,380 4,314 1,088 691 451 240 418 348 72 Pathology, human and animal 65 64 11 68 62 6 Pharmacology, human and animal 1 1 .... 76 68 17 161 141 20 Physiology, human and animal 177 145 32 148 116 32 245 204 41 Microbiology

Anatomy

1,1225

696

4 526

1 382

112 224

73

158 39 323

149

264

128 5923 Histology 1 1 . Biochemistry 568 430 138 251 152 *ii 617 436 81 Biophysics 53 34 19 39 31 .8 101 87 14 Molecular biology 66 49 17 6 4 2 32 26 7 Cell biology 29 17 12 6 1 5 16 10 8 Marine biology 62 60 2 46 40 5 12 12 .... Biometrics and biostatistIcs 8 4 4 44 31 13 24 20 4 Ecology 96 78 18 21 16 5 17 15 2 Entomology 164 147 17 188 161 27 216 , 202 13 Benefit= 48 22 24 88 51 37 128 109 19 Redioblology 26 19 8 13 11 2 Nutrition, scientific 38 14 24 103 23 80 42 32 10 Neuroaciences 22 16 6 2 2 8 7 1 Toxicology 9 4 5 5 4 1 Embryology . 1 Other 701 581 120 259 200 59' 206 168 38

Business and menagament 115,627 105,060 10,467 26,544 25,506 1,038 810 787 23 Business and comrrarce, gettirsi 30,167 27,208 2,979 8,893 8,318 377 190 188 2 Accounting 22,099 .20,036. 2,093 1,097 994 103 61 68 3 Business ttatiatiCt 198 171 27 104 97 7 Banking and finance 6,922 5,757 166 1,781 1,741 40 23 23

Investments end securities 183 174 6 47 44 3 2 2 . SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,Earned Degrees Conferred: 1970-71.

95
Table 112. - Bachelor's, meter% and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,

by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71 - Continued

Mayor field of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 6 years

Soconcllovel (master's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D., Ed,D etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Man Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 8 10 Business inenagement and administration 28,028 26,096 1.932 9,571 9,253 318 306 296 10 Operations research 136 129 7 504 476 28 60 48 2 Hotel and restaurant management 918 688 48 18 17 1 .... .... .... Marketing and purchasing 15,995 14,696 1,289 1,383 1,325 58 25 25 Transportation and public utilities 662 656 8 63. 63 ... . 3 3 .... Real estate 420 404 18 40 40 ... 3 3

Insurance 478 464 14 18 18 .... 3 3 ....

International business 220 202 18 245 235 10 6 6 .... Secretarial studies 1,323 34 1,289 .... .... .... .... .... Personnel management 1,205 1,116 89 296 288 8 3 3 .... Labor and industrial relations 1,148 1,094 54 300 284 16 25 24 1 Business economics 2,179 2,061 128 242 226 17 66 62 4 Other 4,538 4,204 334 2,142 2,090 52 37 36 1 Communications 10,802 6,989 3,813 1,856 1,214 642 145 126 19 Communications, general 1,734 1,068 666 518 314 204 93 78 15

Journalism 6,144 2,883 2,281 853 558 295 16 13 2 Rollo/television 1,899 1,661 338 195 143 62 5 6 Advertising 1,194 882 312 94 73 21 .... .... Communication media 478 330 148 86 58 30 .... .... .... Other 363 265 se 1 1 ( I 70 40 32 30 2 Computer and information sciences 2,388 2,064 324 1,588 1,424 164 128 126 3 Computer and Information sciences,

general 1,624 1,388 238 1,131 988 143 110 107

Information sciences and systems , 177 146 31 143 130 13 11 11 Date processing 409 360 49 171 166 5 .... .... Computer programing 32 32 .... 5 5 .... ..

Systems analysis 88 87 1 88 88 2 e 8 Other 58 51 7 50 49 1 1 1 Education 176,671 46,089 131,482 88,718 38,899 49,817 6,398 5,043 1,355

Education, general 2,026 383 1,643 12,867 6,458 7,409 1,598 1,272 326 Elementary education. general 90,432 8,090 82,342 17,070 3,123 13,947 219 116 103 Secondary educstion, general 3,649 1,529 2,020 5,422 2,937 2,486 212 170 42

Junior high school education 721 260 461 134 67 67 2 1 1 Higher education, general 6 6 .... 308 145 183 274 233 41

Junior and community college education 1 1 .... 91 55 36 6 5 1 Adult and continuing education 12 7 5 239 141 98 45 35 10 Special education, general 2,320 341 1,979 3,061 845 2,206 114 77 37 Administration of special education 106 40 68 9 6 3 Education of the mentally retarded 2,640 375 2,265 935 267 668 18 13 5 Education of the gifted 12 1 11 78 7 21 Education of the deaf 239 11 228 208 40 168 4 2 2 Education of the culturally

disadvantaged 3 1 2 115 54 61 .... .... .... Education of the visually hr ,dic,apped 78 4. 74 97 25 72 2 1 1 Speech correction 2,368 284 2,074 572 78 494 40 30 10 Education of the emotionally disturbed 347 56 291 378 91 287 14 9 5 Remedial education 87 17 70 .... .... .... Spacial learning disabilities 125 9 116 179 37 142 2 2 . . . . Education of the physically handicapped 149 17 132 150 32 118 .... .... .... Education of the multiply handicapped 63 4 59 60 2 38 .... .... Social foundations 180 110 70 534 304 230 129 98 31 Educational psychology 307 198 109 1,286 812 674 362 274 88

Preelementary education 3,405 47 3,358 533 34 499 9 2 Educational statistics and research 3 3 61 34 27 58 46 13 Educational tasting, evaluation, and measurement 222 106 116 30 24 6 Student personnel 7 3 4 13,335 6.589 6,748 566 440 116 Educational administration 5 4 1 7,702 6,127 1,575 957 875 82 Educational supervision 707 333 374 71 62 9

Curriculum and instruction 296 81 215 2,261 887 1,374 458 341 117 Reeding education 9 1 8 2,789 299 2,490 61 31 30

Art education 5,681 1,598 4,063 998 334 584 53 37 16 Music education 7,264 3,064 4,200 1,564 837 727 109 95 14 Mathematics education 2,217 1,078 1,139 782 429 353 49 34 15 Science education 891 479 412 883 540 343 91 76 15 Physical education 24,732 15,177 9,555 4,410 3,032 1,378 283 214 69 Driver and safety education 132 99 33 171 148 25 2 1 1_ Health education 1,089 447 642 406 199 206 51 43 8 Business, commerce, and distributive education 8,550 2,627 5,923 1,924 777 1,147 82 56 26

Industrial arts, vocational and

technical education 7,071 6,965 106 2,099 1,988 111 108 100 6 Agricultural education 1,398 1,384 14 447 426 21 43 42 1 Education of exceptional children, not classified above 26 3 23 112 26 86 4 .3 1 Horns economics education ems 94 6,355 802 77 726 28 1 27 Nursing education 603 13 600 330 13 317 28 1 27 Other 1,195 238 957 2,272 1,279 993 219 178 43

Engineering 50,046 49,646 400 16,443 16,268 185 3,638 3,615 23 Engineering, ganaral 2,854 2,829 35 813 804 9 219 3'

Aerospace, aeronautical, astronautical

engineering 2,443 2,426 17 717 711 6 217

.218

214 3 Agricultural engineering 504 503 1 135 134 1 55 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Earned Degrees Conferred: 1970-71.

96
Table 112, - Bachelor's, mottles, and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of higher education,

by sex of student and by field of study: United Steles, 1970-71 - Continued

Major field of study

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 5 years

Secondlevel (master's)

. degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D , etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 Architectural engineering 272 268 4 31 29 2 3 Bioengineering and biomedical engineering 68 87 1 73 72 1 29 29 Chemical engineering 3,579 3,516 83 1,100 1,074 26 406 404 2 Petroleum engineering 292 291 1 100 99 1 17 17 .... Civil, construction, and transportation

engineering 6,526 8,474 62 2,425 2,397 28 448 443 3

Electrical, electronics, communications

engineering 12,198 12,122 76 4,282 4,252 30 879 878 3 Mechanical engineering 8,858 8,817 41 2,237 2,232 5 438 438 ..... Geological engineering 123 122 1 39 8 Geophysical engineering 28 7 7 1

Industrial and monagemont engineering 3,171 3,162 19 1,921 1,898 23 139 138 3 Metallurgical engineering 623 817 6 273 272 1 148 147 1 Materlak engineering 78 73 3 124 118 6 78 77 1 Ceramic engineering 178 174 4 39 25 26 .... Textile engineering 212 211 1 32 31 1 I

Mining and mineral engineering 158 167 1 86 43 43 .... Engineering physics 373 368 5 65. 83 2 26 26 1 Nuctetr engineering 250 248 4 329 327 2 120 120 .... Engineering mechanics 260 258 2 264 282 2 14B 147 1 Environments' and sanitary engineering 04 52 2 238 224 14 48 49 Novel architecture and marine engineering 418 415 1 71 13 13 .... Ocean engineering 64 64 62 52 .... 1 Engineering technologies 5,148 5,106 42 134 134 .... 1 Other 1,310 1,292 18 876 861 25 127 126 2 Fine end applied arts 30,394 12,256 18,138 6,675 3,610 3,165 621 483 .138 F tit .vts, general 3,595 1,272 2,323 558 268 298 28 21 7 An 10,688 3,920 8,788 1,690 980 730 6 3 3 Art history and appreciation 1,709 333 1,376 283 92 171 46 24 22 Music (performing, composition, theory) 3,318 1,559 1,759 1,713 878 835 200 164 38 Music (liberal arts Program) 2,648 1,124 1,524 623 352 271 86 . 73 13 Music hlitory and appreciation 96 43 53 99 47 52 40 ,38 4 Dramatic arts 3,675 1,661 2,014 1,039 549 490 122 100 22 Dance 297 23 274 78 10 88 1 1 Applied design 2,048 916 1,132 120 82 38 2 1 1 Cinematography 70 58 12 28 24 Photography 477 401 76 Other 1,773 946 827 411 198 213 90 61 29 Foreign languages 19,945 5,075 14,870 4,755 1,842 3,113 781 484 297 Foreign languages, general 607 219 388 444 171 273 122 87 55 French 7,308 1,140 6,166 1,437 331 1,106 192 103 . 89 German 2,601 962 1,839 890 296 394 144 95 49

Italian 201 55 146 87 28 59 10 . 5 5 Spanish 7.063 1,807 5,261 1,456 529 927 168 98 .70 Russian 715 277 438 110 51 50 14 14 Chinese 89 43 46 22 10 12

Japanese 77 26 51 19 3 16 1 .... 1 . Latin - 463 166 297 132 49 83 6 5 . .. Greek, chnsical 104 65 39 21 10 11 18 11' . 7 Hebrew 203 129 74 19 17 2 4 Arabic 15 4 11 6 4 3 1

Indian (Asiatic) 1 Scandinavian languages 62 16 48 29 13 16 Slavic languages (other than Russian) 110 55 55 88 37 51 32 24 8 African languages (non-Semitic) 2 2 3 2 1 1 .... 1 Other 321 110 211 192 89 103 54 43 -11

Health professions 25,226 5,788 19,438 5,749 2,587 3,182 486 399 77 Health professions, general 230 140 90 46 26 20 . 12 11 1 Hospital and health care administration 60 56 4 496 436 60 14 14 .... Nursing 12,199 253 11,946 1,630 31 1,499

Dental specialties 5 6 .... 450 428 22 14 -14 .. :... Medical specialties 11 11 129 106 23 43 29 14 Occupational therapy 663 . 26 637 61 6 Optometry 351 339 12 12 10 2 Pharmacy 4.549 3,638 913 194 154 40 94 93 1 Physical therapy 1,252 257 995 73 19 64 Dental hygiene 631 2 529 24 .... 24 .. .. .. Public health 127 91 36 1,244 772 472 85 86 19 Medical record librarianship 148 7 Podiatry o: podistric medicine 6 Biomedical communication 5 6 .... .... .... .... Veterinary medicine specialties 2 2 63 83 6 48 4, 5 1 Speech pathology and audiology 1,427 176 1,251 823 152 871 70 48 22 Chiropractic 2 2 Clinical social work 38 24 12 304 . 166 138 Medial laboratory technologies 3,097 386 2,711 45

Dental technologies 62 Radiologic technologies 48 29 19 32 23 9 10 10 .... Other 426 284 142 196 . 131 65 58 48 10

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wiliam, Office of Education, Earned Degrees Conferred: 1970-71.

97
Table 112.-Bachelor's, master's, end doctor's degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education,

by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71 - Continued

Mayor field of study

Bachelor's degree,

requiring 4 or 5 years

Socondlevel (master's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D., Ed.D., etc.) Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 Home economics 11,107 301 10,868 1,462 88 1,364 123 48 76 Home economics, general 5,439 49 5,390 648 21 627 18 .... 18 Home decoration and home equipment 376 17 359 31 .... 31 1 Clothing and textiles 1,521 13 1,508 123 2 121 8 8 Consumer economics end home management 232 13 219 68 2 66 5 1 4 Family relations and child development 1,667 41 1,626 296 45 251 65 34 21 Foods and nutrition 981 19 962 231 10 221 33 13 20

Institutional management and

cafeteria management 342 128 214 32 6 26 Other 609 21 688 33 2 31 1 1 Law 645 518 27 955 909 48 20 20 .... Law, general 538 509 27 922 880 42 20 20 ... Other 9 9 33 29 Letters 73,122 28,546 44,576 12,710 5,407 7,303 2,416 1,849 587 English, general 51,562 17,002 34,680 7,510 2,862 4,658 1,006 708 300

Literature, English 4,541 1,599 2,942 885 366 520 274 190 84 Comparative literature 428 150 278 245 85 160 96 68 28 Classics 341 ` 177 164 110 51 . 69 57 49 8

Linguistics 250 83 167 352 173 179 150 113 37 Speech, debate, and forensic science 6,970 2,983 3,987 1,715 700 1,016 235 180 55 Creative writing 154 72 82 185 132 53 6 Teething of English a foreign language 43 5 38 236 78 158 5 2 3 Philosophy 5,785 4,620 1,165 598 449 149 394 358 38 Religious studies 2,361 1,606 855 728 445 283 180 152 8

Other 687 349 338 146. 77 69 31 23 8

Library science 1,013 81 932 7,001 1,311 5,690 39 28 11 Library science, general 978 80 898 6,959 1,296 5,863 35 26 9 Other 35 1 34 42 15 27 4 2 ' 2 Mathematics 24,801 15,369 9,432 5,191 3,673 1,518 1,199 1,106 93

Mathematics, neneral 24,253 14,951 9,302 4,499 3,132 1,367 971 890 81 Statistics, mathematical and theoretical 214 160 54 495 396 99 185 173 12 Applied mathematics 248 201 47 132 116 17 43 43 .... Other 86 67 29 65 30 Military sciences 357 356 1 2 Military sciences (Army) 88 Naval science (Navy, Marinas) 44 Aerospace science (Air Force) 22 21 1 2 Other 205 206

Physical sciences 21,412 18,459 2,9.3 6,357 6,621 846 4,390 4,144 246 Physical sciences, general 985 839 148 297 240 57 29 28 1 Physics, general 5,046 4,708 338 2,174 2,027 147 1,449 1,407 42 Molecular physics

Nuclear physics 22 : 18 4 14 11 3 33 32 1 Chemistry, general 11,037 9,006 2,031 2,197 1,733 484 1,952 1,798 154

Inorganic chemistry 14 10 4 5 4 1 26 21 6 Organic chemistry 9 7 26 14 12 68 53 s Physical chemistry 1 1 . . 14 8 6 48 41 5 Analytical chemistry 2 11 11 .... Pharmaceutical chemistry 2 31 26 5 68 62 4

Astronomy 102 94 8 100 88 12 76 89 7 Astrophysics 34 33 1 8 6 2 24 23 1 Atmospheric sciences end meteorology 245 246 4 163 149 4 81 61 .... Geology 2,359 2,097 262 606 544 82 289 279 10 Geochemistry 7 8 1 5 5 4 3 1 Geophysics and seismology 48 46 2 40 39 1 31 31 .... Earth sciences, Piling' 667 569 108 262 227 35 25 24 1 Paleontology 3 3 9 7 2 7 6 1 Ookaricaraphy 228 222 6 162 140 12 62 50 2 Metallurgy 39 39 44 43 1 30 30 Other earth sciences 24 23 1 15 15 .. Other physical sciences 533 498 35 213 193 20 119 113 8 Psychology 37,880 21,029 18,051 4,431 2,783 1,848 1,782 1,366 427 Psychology, general 37,219 20,682 16,537 3,227 2,063 1,184 1,443 1,100 343 Experimental psychology 44 44 60 44 16 72 67 15 Clinical psychology 24 16 6 191 119 72 133 104 29 Psychology for counseling 21 14 7 499 286 213 20 16 4 Social psychology 78 33 45 37 25 12 51 33 18 Psychometrics 7 2 5. 2 2 ....

Industrial psychology 47 28 14 21 19 2 5 4 1 Developmental psychology 8 .... 8 24 10 14 13 7 6 Physiological psychology 20 14 6 4 4 ... 4 2 2 Other 424 198 226 361 211 150. 39 30 9 Public affairs and eirrvices 9,220 4,723 4,497 8,260 4,274 3,986 178 135 43

Community services, general 233 77 156 72 64 8 2 Public edministration 425 372 53 1,406 1,255 151 36 33 3 Parks and recreation management 1,621 1,058 663 218 153 65 2 1 1 Social work and helping services 4,608 1,139 3,469 8,019 2,415 3,804 126 87 39 Lew enforcement and corrections 2,045 1,856 169 194 174 20 1

International public service 88 83 s 63 54 9 1 Other 200 138 82 288 159 129 10 10 .... SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Of is of Education,EarnedDrina Conferred: 1970-71.

98
Table 112.-Bachefor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education,

by sex of student and by field of study: United States, 1970-71 - Continued

Major field of Hu*

Bachelor's degrees

requiring 4 or 5 years

Second-Wel (master's)

degrees

Doctor's degrees

(Ph.D., ErLD , etc.)

Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 Social sciences 155,328 98,145 57,181 18,501 11,798 4,703 3,859 3,152 507

Social sciences, general 21,543 11,753 9,790 2,330 1,522 808 50 38 12 Anthropology 4,384 1,952 2,432 766 429 337 241 178 83

Archaeology 72 34 38 29 11 18 8 4 4

Economics 16,758 13,890 1,868 1,095 1,733 282 721 668 53

History 44,683 29,055 15,606 5,157 3.470 1,687 991 871 120

Geography 4,165 3,291 864 649. 528 121 164 147 17 Political science and government 27,482 21,966 5,518 2,318 1,839 479 700 615 86

Sociology 33,263 13,610 19,653 1,808 1,131 877 574 455 119

Criminology 658 508 151 136 116 20 15 12 3

international relations 1,212 850 362 783 660 123 66 58 8

Afro-American (black culture) studies 80 47 33 17 13 4 ... .... American Indian cultural studies 2 1 1 1 1 . .... .... Mexican - American cultural studies 8 7 1 7 6 Urban studies 371 207 164 236 101 Demography 8 3 2 6 4 2 8 8 3

Other 1,869 971 698 283 176 88 121 101 20

Theology 3,744 2,727 1,017 2,710 2,049 661 312 308 6 Theological professions, general 1,891 1,644 247 1,342 1,201 138 249 248 3

Religious music 116 64 52 106 76 30 6 Biblical languages 24 23 1 18 10 Religious education 1,365 722 643 937 551 386 34 31 3

Other 348 274 74 307 208 99 23 23 .. . INtardisciplinary studies 13,787 9,824 3,943 1,706 1,106 600 91 77 14 General liberal arts end sciences 5,481 3,880 1,581 549 306 243 11 8 3

Biological and Physical sciences 3,897 3,193 704 524 407 117 15 14 1 Humanities and nodal sciences 2,020 1,091 929 336 184 162 21 14 7 Engineering and other dhciplines 178 174 4 24 22 2 17 17 .... Other 2,211 1.486 725 273 187 86 27 24 3

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Earned Degrees Conferred: 1970-71.

Table 113.-Firtt.professlonal degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student, control of institution,

and field of study: United States, 1970-71 Control of institution

end field of study

Fintprefessionsi digress' Control of Institution

and field of study

. First-professional degrees' Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Tetra, ell inatibitions 37,945 38.344 2,402 Veterinary medicine 1D.V M 1 1,096 1,016 62 Law (LLB. or J.0) 7,606 7,132 474 . Dentistry 1D.DS. or D.M D 3,745 3,703 42 Theology (8.13., M.Div., or Rabbi) Medicine 1M 0 8.919 8.110 808 Other 93 82 31 Optometry 10.0.1 531 518 13 Osteopathy 10.01 472 461 11 Total, privately contra:led Institutions 21,107 27,433 1,374

Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or pediatric medicine

(D.P.M.) 240 236 5 Dentistry 1D.DS. or D.M 0) 1,678 1,668 20 Medicine (M.D 1 3,828 3,828 396 Veterinary medicine ID.V.M.1 1.252 1,154 ge Optometry (0.0) 348 344 6 Lon (LLB. or 1.0 1 17,421 16,181 1,240 Osteopathy 10.01 472 461 11

1.11001061. (13.0., M.Div., or Rabbi) 6,066 4,937 118 Podiatry (Pod.D. or D.P.) or pediatric medicine Other 311 445 66 (D.P.M.1 240 238

1 6 Teal, publicly controlled inutitutions 18,139 18,111 1,028 Veterinary medicine 1D.V M 1 154 ix 16 LOW (LLB. or J.D1 9,815 9,049 766 Dentistry ID.DS. or D.M 0) 2,067 2,045 22 Theology IE.D., M.Div., or Rabbi) 5,066 4,937 118 Medicine IM.D 1 5,003 4,682 411 Other 218 183 36 Optometry 10.0.1 182 174 8 OsteothabY07.0 / Podiatry (Ped.D. or D.P.) or POOIETIO medicine 1D.P.M.1

Includes degrees which require at lent 6 yarn of college work foe completion (Including at teen 2 years of preprofessionel training/.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office -.1 Education, Earned Degrees Conferred. 1970-71.

99
Table 114.-Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher

education: United States, 1869 -70 to 1971-72

Year Earned degrees conferred

All degrees

Bachelor's

and first.

professional Master's except first.professional 1

Doctor's 2 3 4 1869-70 9,372 9,371 0 1 1879 -80 13,829 12,898 879 64 1889-90 16,703 15,539 1,015 149 1899-1900 29,375 27,410 1,583 382

1909-10 39,765 37,199 2,113 443

1919-20 53,516 48,622 4,279 615 1929-30 139,752 122,484 14,969 2,299

1939-40 216,521 188,500 28,731 3,290

1941-42 213,491 135,346 24,648 3,497

1943-44 141,582 125,863 13,414 2,305

1945-46 157,349 136,174 19,209 1,966

1947-48 317,607 271,019 42,400 4,188

1949-60 496,661 432,058 68,183 6,420

1961 -52 401,203 329,986 63,534 7,683

1953-54 368,608 290,825 56,788 8,995

1955-66 376,973 308,812 59,258 8,903

1957-68 436,979 362,654 65,467 8,938

1959-60 476,704 392,440 74,435 9,829

1961-62 514,323 417,846 84,856 11,622

1963-64 614,194 498,664 101,050 14,490

1965-66 709,832 551,040 140,555 18,237

1967 -88 866,548 668,710 176,749 23,089

1969-70 1,065,391 827,234 208,291 29,866

1970-71 1,140,292 877,678 230,509 32,107

1971-722

OEM= 1,192,000 921,000 237,600 33,400

I Beginning in 1965-66, includes all master's degrees.

2 Estimated.

NOTE. - Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; and

publications on Earned Degrees Conferred.

Table 116.-Number of first-professiond downs confined in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex:

United States, 1949-50 to 1970-71

Table 115.-Engineering degrees conferred by institutions

of higher education, by level of degree: United States

and outlying areas, 1948-49 to 1970-71

Year

All

engineering

degrees Elecheirir's and first

engineering

degrees Master's degrees!

Doctor's

degrees

1 2 3 4 5 1948-49 50,415 45,200 4,798 417 1949-50 58,130 62,732 4,904 494

1950- 51 47,635 41,893 5,156 586

1951-52 35,013 30,288 4,141 586

1952-53 28,499 24.164 3,743 592 1963-64 27,003 22,238 4,177 590

1964-55 27,672 22,689 4,484 599 1955-56 31,640 26,306 4,724 610

1956-57 37,039 31,211 5,232 596

1957-58 41,767 35,332 5,788 647

1968-59 45,601 38,134 6,763 714 1959-60 45,763 37,808 7,169 786 1960-61 44,980 35,860 8,177 943

1961-62 44,851 34,736 8,909 1,207

1962-63 44,471 33,458 9,635 1,378

1983 -64 47,748 35,226 10,827 1,693

1964-65 60,871 36,691 12,058 2,124

1985 -66 51,795 35,815 13,677 2,303 1966-67 52,687 36,188 13,885 2,614 1967-68 55,734 37,614 15,188 2,932

1988 -69 60,173 41,553 15,243 3,377 1969-70 64,050 44,772 15,597 3,681

1970-71 70,462 60,357 16,467 3,638

I Also includes other postgraduate predoctoral degrees.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

of Education, Engineering Degrees, 1965-66; and Earned Degrees Conferred.

Year Dentistry ID.D.S. or D.M.D.) Medicine IM.D.) Law ILL or .1.12.)1 Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred Number of

institutions

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred Numbet of

inaltddons

conferring

degrees

Degrees conferred Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1949-60 ... 40 2.579 2,561 18 72 5,612 5.028 684 1950-61 ... 40 2,803 2.788 35 72 6.014 5,563 481 1961 -62... 41 2,918 2,895 23 72 6,201 5,871 330 1952 -63... 41 2,935 2,920 15 72 6,686 6,326 360 1953-54 ... 42 3,102 3,063 39 . 73 8,712 6,377 335 1954 -65... 42 3,089 3,071 28 72 7,014 6,683 331 128 8.206 7,921 288 1955-56 ... 42 3,009 2,975 34 73 4,810 6,484 346 131 8,282 7,874' 288 1956-57 ... 43 3,038 3,011 27 75 8,744 6,397 347 127 8,794 8,525 ' 269 1957 -68 ... 43 3,065 3.031 34 75 6,816 6,469 347 131 9,394 9,122 272 1958-59 . 43 3,150 3,138 14 76 6.825 8,457 388 132 9,856 9,599 257 1959-60 ... 45 3,247 3.221 26 79 7,032 6,645 387 134 9,240 9,010 230 1960 -81 ... 48 3,265 3.247 18 79 6.940 6,610 330 134 9.429 9,182 247 1961-82 ... 48 3,183 3.166 17 81 7,138 6,749 389 134 9,364 9,091 273 1962 -83... 46 3,189 3.145 24 81 7,231 6,831 400 134 9,884 9,582 302 1963-64 ... 48 3,180 3,168 12 82 7,303 6,878 425 133 10,679 10,372 307 1964 -85... 45 3,107 3.085 22 81 7,304 6,832 472 134 11,583 11,216 367 1985 -86 . 47 3,178 3.146 32 84 7,673 7,170 503 136 13,246 12,776 470 1966 -87... 47 3,341 3,312 29 83 7,723 7,159 564 134 14,663 14,112 561 1967-88 ... 48 3,422 3,375 47 85 7,944 7,318 626 138 16,454 15,806 649 1988-69 ... 48 3,408 3,378 32 84 8,026 7,415 610 140 17.063 18,373 680 1969-70 ... 48 3,718 3,684 34 86 8,314 7,615 699 145 14.916 14.115 801 1970-71 ... 48 3,746 3,703 42 89 8,919 8,110 809 147 17,421 16,181 1,240

I Data prior to 1954-65 we not shown because they lack comparability with the figures for subsequent years.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Office of Education. Earned Degrees Conferred

100
Table 917. - Doctor's dope& conferred by 60 largo Institutions of higher oduostion: 1961-42 to 1970-71

Institution Rank °MO

Total, 1961-62

to 1970-71 1961 -52 1962-63 1963-84 1964-65 1965-66 1966-67 1987-88 1968-69 1989-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 Columbia University (N.Y.) 1 6,804 549 517 802 616 831 750 798 823 815 705 University of California at

Berkeley 2 8,352 430 418 492 685 645 722 675 803 823 759 University of Wisconsin 3 6,308 435 428 458 531 546 827 720 749 900 915 University of Illinois 4 13,078 . 444 450 495 493 545 689 860 721 809 870 Henerd Univenity (Mees.13 . 5 5,107 378 448 483 471 491 516 568 664 586 612 University of Michigan 6 5,094 364 379 403 364 439 475 648 627 688 809 Ohio State University 7 4,413 282 329 341 307 382 425 457 542 822 676 Michigan State University 8 4,279 210 223 303 368 365 423 461 530 675 731 Samford Uniwnity (Calif.) 9 4,226 261 276 305 382 403 496 491 527 506 582 New York University 10 4,217 299 349 362 345 385 438 439 507 519 574 University of Minn400ta 11 4,208 276 314 316 366 396 408 489 484 648 613

Indiana University 12 4,110 234 266 322 342 383 384 448 547 561 623 Purdue University Undi 13 3,839 268 290 302 322 345' 381 403 484 578 498 Uniwnity of California at

Los Angeles 14 3,818 202 224 269 305 311 396 442 481 615 570 Cornell University IN.Y 1 15 3,572 261 212 260 312 319 358 405 431 494 521 Messechusetts Institute of Technology 16 3,489 224 274 308 335 300 308 351 414 430 400 University of Texas 17 3,319 196 219 243 249 336 359 381 448 418 468 Uniwnity of Chicago 1111.1 18 3,177 228 280 273 290 308 293 328 384 361 434 Yale University (Conn.) 19 2,860 224 231 253 295 4286 4285 278 316 348 345 Pennsylvania State University 20 2,743 157 202 201 232 258 258 276 344 379 438 University of Southern California 21 2,702 142 169 176 206 241 261 341 322 393 453 Northwestern University 0113 22 2,698 188 198 198 232 241 279 298 320 360 404 University of Penn hernia 23 2,693 154 164 212 246 251 262 285 368 373 378 University of Washington 24 2,625 142 161 182 226 252 288 290 332 342 432 University of Iowa 25 2,810 173 205 223 224 225 282 278 292 319 389

Iowa State UnWersity of

Science and Technology 28 2,343 166 174 201 218 208 248 253 271 296 311 University of Miscrwri3 27 2,116 93 100 122 184 190 219 217 267 362 361 University of Maryland 29 2,108 109 110 116 177 166 235 241 295 360 339 Princeton University (N.J.) 29 2,073 167 172 192 171 222 215 229 212 238 255 Case Western Reserve University (Ohlo)6 30 2,026 102 148 148 180 145 177 235 271 296 327 University of Florida 31 2,016 121 99 129 159 188 215 244 266 296 303 University of Pittsburgh Mal 32 1,906 139 137 138 158 102 181 185 181 316 326 University of North Carolina

et Chapel Hill 33 1,820 114 117 138 162 164 155 213 238 241 278 Rutgers, The State Unhersity

(NJ.) 34 1,777 91 111 147 172 160 191 198 229 245 233 Florida State University 35 1,734 90 84 81 126 131 .182 207 233 286 314 University of Colorado 36 1,701 91 108 123 148 189 153 193 193 251 252 University of Oregon 37 1,859 68 70 93 124 152 172 203 246 273 260 Univanity of Kansas 38 1,661 78 92 107 128 130 180 186 233 268 260 Syracuse Uniwnity (N.Y.) 39 1,821 80 90 102 132 131 162 193 194 290 257

Johns Hopkins University

214d.) 40 1,815 113 103 119 136 141 148 219 201 223 212 University of Oklahorne 41 1,586 68 91 107 122 155 176 172 225 245 224 Duke University (KC 1 42 1,559 92 106 115 141 159 158 181 164 223 220 Boston University IMses.) 43 1,495 125 116 106 118 III 123 158 208 216 214 Catholic University of America

(D.C.) 44 1,453 110 118 107 129 130 133 143 182 191 210 Oklahoma State University 45 1,433 56 63 94 120 144 182 168 170 218 218 University of Nebraska 46 1,415 es 91 101 99 136 171 180 155 213 222 University of Utah 47 1,407 67 81 81 92 114 151 142 193 248 238 Univenity of Tennessee 48 1,400 80 77 77 91 96 103 175 197 236 266

Louisiana State University 49 1,396 76 104 99 95 117 148 161 178 198 221 University of Rothman (N.Y.) . 60 1,384 82 93 86 104 119 144 154 184 215 203 Wayne State University (Mich.) . 51 1,360 69 89 90 III 124 143 148 188 190 206 Texas A. & M. University 52 1,293 59 45 73 88 130 136 156 177 218 215 State University of New York at Buffalo 53 1,256 33 37 51 72 100 114 134 218 248 249 University of Arizona 54 1,249 40 44 63 99 115 154 138 137 214 245 Oregon State University 55 1,192 68 66 82 99 119 93 145 159 166 207 University of Virginia 66 1,152 62 58 73 64 90 119 129 165 176 226 University of Northern Colorado 57 1,144 78 71 91 78 101 100 191 137 147 160

tkihersity of Georgie 68 1,124 23 41 51 56 92 135 118 158 197 266 North Carolina State University

st Raleigh 59 1,074 40 64 54 95 96 123 102 143 183 205 California Institute

cf Technology 60 1,069 be 1 so 101 98 104 110 110 125 120 117

I Indudes Ph.D., Ed.D., and cornperable degrees at the doctoral level. Excludes

ft rst-profeesiond degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and D.V.M.

2 Institutions wired by total number of doctor's degrees conferred during the

10-year period 1961-82 to 1970-71.

3 Includes degrees conferred by Radcliffe Collage.

4 Estimated by the Office of Education.

101

Indudas degrees conferred by the University of Kansas City, which baoarne a

branch of the University of Missoup in 1983-84.

6 Inductee degrees conferred by Case Imam of Technology and Western

Reserve University prior to their merger In 1956-67.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of

Education, Rained Degrees Conferred.
Table 118. -Mole college graduates in the population, by field of highest degree: United States, Mirth 1967

Field of highest degree Number (in' thousands? Percent Field of highest degree Number fin

thousands?. Percent

1 2 3 1 2 3

Total 8,350 100.0 Humanities 379 6.0

English and journalism 174 2.7 Biological sciences 285 4.6 Speech and dame 31 0.6

Agriculture 138 2.1 Foreign language' and literatures .. 63 .0.8

Zoology 16 0.2 Philosophy 47 0.7

Forestry 16 0.3 An other fine and applied ens* ... 74 1.2 All other biological science* 117 1.8 Law ' 408 8.4 Business and commerce 1,171 18.4 Physics! sciences 533 6.4

Accounting 236 3.7 Mathematical subjects 124 2.0

All otlwr business and commerce* 935 14.7 Chemistry 223 3.5

Physics 93 1.5 Education 975 15.4 Geology 38 0.6

Elementary education 24 0.4 An other physical wieners* 66 0.9

Educational administration 75 1.2

industrial art* leducatienan 37 0.6 Religion 142 2.2 Physical education 68 0.9 Theology 110 1.7 All other education* 781 12.3 All other religion* 32 0.5

Engineering 1,000 15.7 Social sciences 879 10.7 Civil engineering 111 1.7 Psychology 96 1.6 Electrical engineering 173 2.7 Economics 174 2.7

Mechanical engineering 188 3.0 History 158 2.5

All other engineering* 628 8.3 Political science 81 1.0 Sociology 96 0.9

Health professions 477 7.5 All other social sciences* 135 2.1 Dentistry (D.D.S. and 0.14.0.) . . . 93 1.5 Medicine 04.03 235 3.7 Other fields 178 2.8

Pharmacy 80 1.3 Architecture 64 0.8

All other health profeisionsl 69 1.1 All other 124 2.0

Not reported 126 2.0

1 Includes not specified.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Current Population Reports, Series P-20, No. 201.

Table 119.-Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher educe*" by sex of student

and by typo of degree: United States, 1965-116 to 1970-71

Sax of student and type of degree

-... 1955-68 1966 -87 1967 -88 1968 -69 1989-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 6 7 All meociete degrees 111,607 139,1113 e68,441 193,279 205,023 252.810 Men 63,779 78,356 90,317 106,851 117.44 144,395 Woman 47,828 80,827 60,124 77,819 88,591 108,215

Associate in art 72,034 88,785 101,289 113,709 127,903 (I) Men 39,132 47,984 54,472 82,452 70,113 (1) Women 32,902 40,901 48,797 61,257 57,790 (1) Associate in science 18,029 25,801 31,148 38,464 40,743 (I) Men 11,472 15,434 19,252 22,922 24,749 111 Women -7.458 10,357 11,894 13,532 16,906 (1)

All other associate degrees 20,845 24,597 27,028 33,116 37,377 (1) Men 13,175 14,938 16,593 20,287 22,571 (1) Women 7.470 9,659 10,433 12,929 14,806 (1)

1 Dew not sailable.

NOTE.-Associate degrees are based on at con 2 but less

then 4 yens of work beyond high school. Except for the

yarn 1965-86 and 1970-71, respondents hare been asked

to report only dowses which re based on at least 2 yore of

work that is wholly or chiefly creditable toward a bachelor's

degree.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Associate Deghtes gad Other

Fonhat Awards Below the Bayealeuntat

102
Table 120.-Formal wards broad on organized occupational Curriculums at the technical or serniprofnsional

level In institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum and by sex of recipient:

United States and outlying weak 1970-71

Curriculum All awards Amuck based on °remised occupational curriculums ofAt lout 2 years

but less than 4 yews

A least 1 ye it but less than 2 ears Toad Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 AM curriculums 153,549 83,310 70,189 124,003 71,527 52,566 12.45. 11,853 17,803

Science and engineeringslated curriculums 87,728 50,882 3C,E1413 68,213 42,123 26,090 19,515 8.759. 10,756

Mechanicsl and engineering utchnologies 37,437 36,915 522 30,172 29,761 411 7,266 7,164 111 Mechanical engineering, general 2,580 2,538 22 2,383 2,342 21 197 196 Aeronautical and aviation 2,173 2,154 19 1,951 1.937 14 222 217 6 Engineering graphics 2,917 2,857 es 2,356 2,313 42 662 544 18 Architectural drafting 1,938 1,885 63 1.691 1,649 42 247 238 11 Chemical 589 485 104 547 478 71 42 9 33 Automotive 4,011 4,037 4 2,820 2,816 4 1,221 1..221 Diesel 721 712 9 558 550 9 182 182 Welding 1,097 1,000 7 475 475 822 815 7 Civil 1,637 1,625 12 1,577 1,565 12 50 60 Electronics and machine 7,851 7,826 25 7,001 6,979 22 850 847 3 Electromechanical 1,301 1,297 4 1,279 1,276 3 22 21

Industrial 1,657 1,637 20 1,287 1,252 16 390 385 Tactile 155 48 107 148 42 106 7 8

Instrumentation 203 201 2 157 165 2 46 48 Mechanical 2,749 2,732 17 2,347 2,337 10 402 395 7 Nuclear 65 56 9 83 66 8 2 1 1 Construction and bui!ding 4,229 4,216 14 2,651 2,541 10 1,678 1,674 4 All other mechanical engineering

technologies 1,654 1,520 34 1,021 1,001 20 633 519 14 Naturalscience technologies 7,028 5.426 1,602 6,107 4,751 1.358 921 675 248 Natural science, general 666 483 173 472 306 167 184 178 8 Agriculture 2,870 2,808 262 2,734 2,487 247 136 121 16 Forestry and wildlife 1,087 1,079 8 957 949 8 130 130 Food services 693 462 231 456 343 112 238 119 119 Home economics 872 76 797 781 81 700 14 97 Marine end oceanographic 183 168 16 175 168 15 8 8

Laboratory, general 144 84 60 144 84 60 Sanitation and public health inspection 145 130 15 80 74 8 as 56 9

All other natural science technologies 378 337 41 329 288 41 49 49

Health services end paramedical technologies 34,518 2,911 31,607 24,370 2,466 21,915 10,148 456 9,692

Health services assistant, general 258 28 230 48 9 37 212 19 193 Dental assistant 2,191 53 2,138 685 32 853 1,508 21 1,485

Dental hygiene 2,508 17 2,489 2,461 18 2,445 45 1 44 Dental laboratory 264 171 93 n7 163 74 37 18 19 Medical or biological laboratory assistant 1,335 306 1,030 1.016 281 735 310 24 295 Animal laboratory assistant 55 32 23 55 32 23 Rediologic 1,139 357 722 1,072 333 739 67 24 43

Nursing, R.N 14,408 609 13,799 14,406 608 13,797 3 1 2 Nursing, practice! 7.708 212 7.496 1,218 41 1,177 6,490 171 8,319

OccuPetionel therapy

Surgical 243

244 2840

217

204

18570 2326

162 44

68

174 3

14 55

160- Optical 81 73 8 81 73 8 Memel record 374 15 359 338 15 323 38 36 Medical assistant and medical office assistant 1,256 80 1,176 552 61 491 704 19 685

Inhalation therapy 570 300 270 540 290 250 33 10 20 Psychiatric 534 205 429 556 172 383 79 33 48

Electra diagnostic 22 6 17 14 4 10 8 1 7

Institutional management 176 85 91 56 40 15 121 45 76 Physical therapy 239 43 196 228 42 188 11 1 10 All other health services and premedical wthnologies 815 265 580 567 204 383 248 61 197 Otteprocessing technologies 8,745 6,630 3,115 7,564 5,156 2.406 1,181 474 707 Data processing, general 5,027 3,302 1,725 4,696 3,087 1,611 329 215 114

IOW punch operator and other input

Preparation 648 81 567 184 24 140 484 57 427 Computer Programer 2,149 1.554 595 1,965 1,415 560 184 139 45 Computer operator and peripheral

equipment operation 3137 188 199 210 130 80 177 58 119 Data processing equipment maintenance 431 429 2 431 429 2 All other data processing

technologies 103 78 27 98 71 25 7 15 2

103
Table 120. -Formal awards billed on organized oroupetlond curriculums at the technkd or semiprofessional

Ind in Institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum and by sex of redolent:

United States and outlying wow, 1970-71 - Continued

Curt I tutu m

1

All awards Awerds based on organised

occupational curriculums ofA hest 2 yews

but less than 4 yews

At Rest 1 year

but less than 2 years Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Handing- and nomengineering-nilated

curriculums 65,821 32,498 33,323 55,880 29,404 26,476 9,941 3,094 6,847

Business and commerce. technologies 51,037 23,467 27,680 43,571 22,067 21,604 7,485 1,390 8,076

Business and commerce, general 11,008 7,991 3,017 10,396 7,781 2,615 612 210 402 Accounting 5,301 3,591 1,710 4,829 3,414 1,415 472 177 296 Banking and finance 272 216 68 252 207 45 20 9 11 Marketing, distribution, purchasing,

business, and industrial

management 9,237 8,666 2,571 8,649 8,217 2,432 588 449 139 Secretarial 16,534 279 18,255 12,190 238 11,952 4,344 41 4,303 Personal service 1,282 78 1,184 498 22 478 754 58 708 Photography 577 518 61 529 488 41 48 28 20 Communications end broadcasting 728 527 201 723 622 201 5 5 Printing end lithography 612 487 25 431 420 11 81 87 14 Rotel and restaurant management 916 894 222 847 844 203 69 50 19 Trensportation and public utility 324 238 86 282 203 69 62 35 27 Applied ens. diode ans, and fine arts 2,998 1,355 1,643 2,924 1,312 1,812 74 43 31 All other business and commerce

tedmorooln 1,368 819 549 .1.041 599 442 327 220 107 All other nonecirmcw and nonenginerningrelated curriculums 14,784 9,041 5,743 12,309 7,337 4,972 2,475 1,704 771 Public service Mated, general 277 102 175 212 92 120 es 10 55

Bible study or religion related 744 340 404 804 306 299 140 35 105 Education 3,856 589 3,267 3,351 508 2,843 605 81 424

Library assistant 471 31 440 378 30 348 35 1 21O Police, law enforcement, corrections 6,873 8,453 420 5,502 5,098 404 1,371 1,356 18 Recreation and social work

related 1,146 628 620 1,121 506 618 25 21 4 Fire control 735 7W 19 sal 571 10 154 145 9 Public administration and management 111 98 15 84 74 10 27 22 5 Other 671 188 383 478 154 324 93 34 se SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

Office of Education, Associate Degrees and Other Formal Awards

Below the Bamako:gate, 1970-71.

204
Table 121. -Current fund revenue of Institutions of higher education, by control of Institution

and by sours of revet.t.s: United States, 1970-71

(Amounts In thousonds of dollars)

Source

;mint-fund revenue, by control of institution

Public and private Public Private Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 1 2 3 4 6 8 7 Total current fund revenue 923,679,168 100.0 815.828,885 100.0 $8,352,303 100.0 N111d1111I

Educational and general revenue 18,392,047 77.0 12,341,138 79.6 8,050,911 72.4 Tuition and fees from students 5,021,211 21.0 2,032,329 13.1 2,988,882 35.8 Federal Government 2,824,628 11.8 1,815,495 11.7 1,009,131 12.1 Unrestricted appropriations 585,785 2A 484,297 3.0 101,488 12

For sponsored research 1,471,989 6.2 808,682 52 805,307 8.0

For other sponsored programs 788,852 3.3 544,510 3.5 242,338 2.9

6,502,813 272 6,388,800 41.1 116,013 AIMS State governments IA

Unrestricted appropriations 6,310,536 26A 8,213,086 40.0 97,440 12

For sponsored research 91,190 .4 80,849 .5 10,541 .1 For other sponsored programs 101,087 A 93,056 .6 8,032 .1 Local governments 907,274 3.8 845,834 5A 61,841 .8 Unrestricted appropriations 827,507 3.5 828,591 5.3 1,917 111 For sponsored research 26,903 .1 4,232 111 22,871 .3 For other sponsored program 52,884 .2 15,811 .1 37.053 .5 Endowment earnings 470,855 2.0 56,494 A 415,161 5.0 Private gifts and grants 1,091,655 4.8 295,356 1.9 796,299 9.5

Unrestricted gifts 678,028 2.8 87,319 A 810,709 7.3

Philanthropic, research 84,550 30,703 2 53,847 .8 Other grantr, research 188,008 115,093 .7 70,945 .9 Philanthropic, other programs 43,925 2 14,983 .1 28,882 .3 Other grants, other programs 99,114 A 87,278 A 31,838 A

Recovery of indirect costs 383,880 1.8 197,485 1.3 186,375 22

For sponsored research 308,604 1.3 149,829 1.0 156,975 1.9 For other sponsored programs 77,255 47,855 .3 29,400 .3 Other educational and general revenue 1,1139,954 5.0 712,542 4.8 477,411 5.7 Auxiliary enterprise revenue 3,125,238 13.1 1,890,128 12.2 1,236,110 14.8 Student-aid giants 700,101 3.0 301,179 2.5 317,921 3.8 Federal Government 373,374 1.8 236,154 1.5 137,220 1.6 State governments 91,988 .4 85,482 A 26,484 .3 Local governments 2,854 (I) 2,480 (1) 374 111 Private gifts and grants 134,964 .8 63,157 A 71,798

Endowment awnings 72,250 .3 13,976 .1 58,275 .7 Other student-aid grants 33,703 .1 9,932 .1 23,771 .3

0.1a/or service programs 1652.802 6.9 904,441 5.8 748,361 9.0

Federal funds for hospitals 36,850 .2 300 111 36,660 A

Other hospital revenue 784,828 3.3 520,002 3.3 264,625 32

Other molar service program revenve2 831,324 3.5 384,139 2.5 447,185 5A

I Less than 0.06 percent.

2 Revenue for federally funded research and devalopmant centers van reported In this item.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may trot add to touts.

SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Financial Ste attics of Institutions of Higher

Education, 1970-71.

105
Table 122.-Current-fund menus of institutions of higher education from State and load govemmsnu

related to total current fund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 1970-71

State

Publicly controlled

Institutional

Privately controlled

Institutions

Amount (ln

thousands

of dollar)

Percent of

total

currentfund

revenue Amount (In

thousands

of dollen)

Percent of

total

cuffentfund

revenue

1 2 3 4 5

United States 47,300,308 47.4 $204,512 2.4

Alabama 78,538 33.8 715 1.5 Alaska 17,000 48.4 81 2.7 Arizona 101,825 49.8 277 3.4 Arkansas 47,801 42.2 13 0.1 Califcenle 1,172,230 54.7 3,212 0.4

Colorado 108,054 37.9 67 0.1 Connecticut I 90,234 68.8 3,874 1.7 Delaware 20,185 38.8

District of Columbia 21,591 72.5 456 0.2

Florida 224,452 51.8 3,277 2.1 Georgia 125,028 48.3 182 0.1 Hawaii 45,528 43.5

Idaho 28,488 50.1

Illinois 488,414 57.9 11,301 1.8

Indiana 170,8135 38.1 1,419 0.9

lows 103,059 39.0 397 ' 0.4 Kansas 97.284 43.4 2

(3)

Kentucky 112,254 49.4 36 0.1 Louisiana 128,047 65.9 212 0.3 Maine 28,1379 45.8 12 (2)

Maryland 120,249 43.9 1,187 0.6

Massadweetts 128,491 83.0 2,855 0.3

Michigan 353,885 40.7 1,088 0.9

Minnesota 140,485 38.1 352 0.4

Mississippi 139,718 40.4 Missouri 139,403 48.8 491 0.2

Montana 31,043 48.1 Nebraska 51,125 39.7 110 0.2

Nevada 18,134 48.3

New Hampshire 15,974 32.9

New Jersey 152,853 52.1 3,713 1.8 New Mexico 42,472 37.1 94 1.4 New York 788,091 69.9 130,729 8.5

North Carolina 173,473 44.8 383 0.2

North Dakota 22 ,489 32.7 3 0.1 Ohio 230,878 32.4 2,878 0.9

Oklahoma 85,831 31.5 11 (2)

Oregon 90,817 39.0 303 0.7

Pennsylvania 258,870 41.8 30.701 4.8

Rhode Island 34,035 55.13 282 0.4

South Carolina 83,964 42.0 47 0.1 South Dakota 19,831 29.5 8 (2) Tennessee 97,030 43.8 158 0.1 Texas 357,011 48.4 1,187 0.5

Utah 45,841 30.8 308 0.4

Vermont 12,989 28.2 139 04

Virginia 121,506 37.2

Washington 195,930 53.6 83 0.2

West Virginia 84,0135 51.7 184 0.7

Wisconsin 218,383 43.3 2,137 2.2

Wyoming 20,086 45.1 1 Excludes U.S. service schools.

2 Ler than 0.05 percent

NOTE. - Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Finandal Stank: of Higher Educedon,

1970-71.

106
Table 123.-Cunont-fund revenue of Institutions of higher education, by control of Institution and by State:

1969-70 and 1970-71

(Amounts In thousands of dollars] State 1989-70 1970-71 Percent change,

1969-70 to 1970-71

Total Public Private Total Public Private Total Public private

1 1 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United litotes $21,515,242 $13,701,824 $7,746,618 $23,879,108 $15,528985 $8352203 11 13 e. Alabama 250,200 214,487 44,713 281,828 233,414 48,414 9 9 8 Alaska 30,996 28,1313 2,858 39,6813 38,623 3,043 28 30 6 Arizona 180,149 172,952 7,197 213,310 206,146 8,165 18 19 13 Arkansas 128,706 107,010 19,895 133,406 112,710 20,895 5 5 5 Califontie 2,897,846 1,909,842 728,203 2,918,610 2,143,413 773.198 8 9 6

Coiorado 300,002 251,149 48,853 334,101 285,028 49,073 11 13 (II

Connecticut 344,842 129,324 215,618 379,549 153,360 228,188 10 19 5 Octanes, 53,819 48,198 5.521 52,540 52,001 7,539 11 8 34 District of Columbia 258,430 25,408 233,022 302,882 29,797 273,086 17 17 17 Florida 515,285 377,928 137,359 501,200 435,277 155,923 15 15 14 Georgia 351,841 233,546 118,095 308,886 2139,982 128,894 13 18 9 Hawaii 96,012 89,985 8,028 111,593 104,573 7,020 16 18 18

/Mho 88,775 49,791 10,984 69,528 66,809 12,719 14 14 16

Illinois 1,287,396 711,003 576,302 1,418,503 808,022 612270 10 13 6

Indiana 545,041 387,027 148,014 811,319 448,450 182,860 12 13 10

Iowa 348,894 249,206 99,888 388,991 284,478 104,513 6 6 5 Kanto 232,827 200,135 32,891 259,213 224,409 34,804 11 12 6 Kentucky 253,812 204,718 49,094 279,372 227,330 52,042 10 11 6

Louisiana 269,149 197,641 71,5013 303,880 229,104 74,578 13 18 4 Maine 80,089 49,892 30,177 89,012 58,895 32,117 11 14 6

Maryland 407,803 228,988 178,926 470,500 273,863 198,647 16 20 10 Meesschueetts 1,003,974 159,508 844,466 1,088,537 200,921 887,817 8 28 5 Michigen 913,400 797,328 118,074 998,152 809,714 126,438 9 9 9 Minnesota 411,417 324,290 87,137 452,360 neon 93,481 10 11 7 Mississippi 188,951 147,091 10,860 193,799 172,384 21,406 18 17 8 Missouri 455,271 267,812 187,858 482,345 285,837 196,749 8 7 6 Mantra 63,988 58,568 5 ,400 73,014 87,289 6,724 14 15 6 Nebraska 167,383 115,755 41,628 173,465 178,748 44,717 10 11 7 Nevado' 31,487 31,430 67 33,471 33,412 69 0 6 4 New liempshire 100,714 43,092 57,622 110,218 48,521 81,695 9 13 7 New Assay 445,481 258,321 189,161 500.062 283,562 206,501 12 15 9 Now Mexico 110,500 104,214 6,286 120,934 114,358 6,576 9 10 5 New York 2,341,591 924,805 1,418,606 2,630,875 1,098,506 1,534,189 12 19 8

North Carolina 538 ,803 337,278 201,324 610,880 380,110 221,750 13 15 10 North Dakota 68,084 . 85,132 2,953 72,479 88,702 3,777 8 5. 28

Ohio 912,443 828,552 283,891 1,017,835 711,778 308,067 12 13 8

Okidtom. 217,929 185.933 31,986 244,749 209,275 35,474 12 13 11 Oregon 248,484 210 ,166 38,328 272,882 232,148 40,534 10 10 8

PennsyNertia 1,179,014 564,170 824,843 1,288,935 618,994 867,941 9 12 7 Rhode Island 117,572 52,482 66.090 129,455 61,247 68,207 10 17 5

South Carolina 185,909 133,758 52,161 203.137 152,250 58,888 12 14 9 South Dakota 76,070 81,784 14,298 81,930 66,637 15,203 8 0 7 Tennessee 347,277 198,870 150,607 3.,841 222,586 171,254 13 13 14 Tons 839,081 831,168 207,893 963345 736,970 226,875 15 17 9 Utah 191,902 131,546 80,367 216,471 149,147 69,324 14 13 16 Vermont 74,819 40,971 33,648 84.429 48,114 38.315 13 13 14 Virginia 368,034 277.962 80,072 412,163 326,195 85,950 16 17 7 Washington 3131,093 334,634 45,403 417,861 , 365,530 52,131 10 9 12 Wen Virginis 135,747 111,663 24,091 149,785 123,800 25,875 10 11 7 Wisconsin 634 ,433 442,295 92,138 697,662 500,215 97,448 12 13 8

Wyoming 41,808 41,806 44,570 44,570 7 7 US. &swim &Maio 164,443 184,443 . 182,912 192,912 11 11 ... Outlying areas 123,348 102,330 21,010 142,187 117,641 24,338 15 16 15

01111111 Zone 972 972 1,088 1,0813 12 12 ... Guam 5.275 5,275 6,829 5,829 11 11 .. Puerto Rico 112,588 91,578 21,010 120,828 105,490 24,338 15 15 18 Virgin Iolanda 4,613 4,513 6,441 5,441 21 21 ...

I Lass then 0.5 Percent. NOTE.-efICIPUSI of rounding, detail raw met add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Deparboent of /Smith. Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Fidancial Sdninics of Imatitudons of litylter Educsdoos,

1970-71.

107
Tsbis 124.-incotne of institutions of higher education: United Songs, 1919-20 to 1970-71 Item 1919-20 1929-30 1939-40 1949-50 1959-60 1983-64 1985 -66 1967-68 1989 -70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Curnentfund Iacono 11199,922 8584.611 $715,211 1112,374,60 $8,786,637 1119;643,614 312,734,285 8141,11125.138 11121975742 1123,1179.1118 Educational and general 172,929 483.065 571,288 1,833,845 4,688,362 7,788,446 10,285,252 13,845,598 16486,177 18,392,047 Student tuition and fees' 42,255 144,126 200,897 394,610 1,157,482 1,892,839 2,669,899 3.330,294 4419,845 5,021,211 Federal Government: Veterans' tuition end fail 307 325 3,422

. Research2 (3) (3) (3) 13) 827,253 1.796.710 I. 2.665,776 3,343,240 2.882,384 2.738,723 Other purposes 12,783 20,858 38,880 216,994 206,305 364.179

1 State governments4 561,890 5150,847 161,222 491,636 - 1,374476 2,110,981 2,984,314 4,181,070 6,787,910 6,583.716 Local governments (5) 151 24,392 61,700 151.716 239,851 316453 503,661 774.903 907,274 Endowment eirninfls 26,482 68.8176 71,304 96,341 206,619 266,157 316.231 363990 447,276 470,656 Private gifts erni grents4 7,534 26.172 . 40,453 118,627 382,569 550.684 640.744 843,850 1,001,454 1,091,654 Related activities (3)

- (3) 32.777 111,987 244,872 383,220 689,821 484,977 524.697 Sales and services of educational 704.036

) departments (3) (3) (3) (3). 45,423 64,742 118918 127.800 137,775 Other education* and general 22,135 72,657

. 11,383 34,625 83,207 139,082 411455 759,730 911,342 Auxiliary enterprises Student-aid income7

. 26,993(3) 60,419(3) 143,923(3) 511,265 16,288 1,004,283 "92,902 . 1,606,974 148,093 2,139,117 309,855 2481,670 497,930 - 2,900,390 658,016 3,125,238 709,101 Other current income 11,027 13,247 51470,660 1952,802 Plentfundlywajpt, 19,194 82,078 88,209 528,747 1.3011,506

. 2.632,004 3,483,706 (9) (9) (9) Federal Government 1 22,987 12,358 57,599 134,215 322.473 State governments 11,294 30.621 18,404 2133,920 ' 319,513 630.473 733,329 Local governments 2,154 19,373 36,304 62,894 80,666 Private gifts and grants 7,900 51.457 22,663 72,620 196,408 . 314,656 365,910 Loons-noninstitutionai sources (3) (3) (3) (3)

. 361,112 744,306 1,512,787 Loans-institutional sources

- (3) , (3) (3) (3) 31,873, 84,121 77,556 Transfers from other funds (3) . (3) (31 130,582 . 228,576' 422,673 1 375.9135 Miscellaneous receipts (3) (3) (3) 79,834 . 77,122 . 1513.886 Other fund receipts (9) (9) , 44,513 10118932- 48)960 829.311 815.702 (9) 191 (9) Private and 50,907 83.512 36,376 66,850 200,146 3013,592

. . 327,07'2 gifts (rents Other sources (9) 19)

. 8,142 50,082

.' 28),804 320,779 488,(Cli Net lacrosse in principel of funds (9) (9) (9) (9) 419,310

' 483,1135 682.576 (9) 367978 4913966 Endowment funds /1 375,178 444669 662,576 367,978 493.058 Annuity funds - 11,854 26,350 (9) (9) (9) Student loan funds . . 32,279 13,915 (9)

- ; (9) (9) 1 Tuition and fees received from veterans under Public Law 550 are reported under student fees and not under income from the Federal Government 2 Income from the Federal Government for reseerch at agricultural experiment stations administered by land-grant institutions is included under Federal Government "other Outtioses," not under "research." 3 Data not separately collected. 4 Includes Federal aid received through State channels and regional compacts. 5 Income from State and local 6avernments teibulated under State. 6 Beginning in 1967-68, the private grants represent nongovernmental revenue for sponasted research and other sponsored Program& Specifically designated or sannerked funds. a Major public service programs previously reported in Federal Government research. in related activities, and hi other items of education and general revenue. 9 Data not collected. 10 Doss not indude interfund transfers- 11 Includes funds functioning as endowment; inaeses cticulated on book value. NOTE. - Beginning in 191930, data are for 50 States and the District of Columbia; date for artier years are for 48 Stares and the District of Columbia. Because of rounding, detail may not SOURCE:- US. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, Office of Education. F7naneint Skiffs*: of innitmOiti of Mesa:Education.
Table 126.-Prirate gifts and grants to institutions of higher education, by control of institution: United Stew. 1999-60 to 1970-71 [Amounts in thousands of dollars] Control of Institution and purpose of private gift and grant 1959-60 1961-62 1963-64 1965-66 1967-68 1969-70 1670-71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 GIFTS AND GRANTS TO ALL INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION Educational and general funds1 $382,569 $450,145 $560,684 $640,744 $848,450 $1,001,455 $1,091,654 As percent of total educational and general revenue 8.2 7.5 7.5 6.2 6.1 6.1 5.9 Research, included in educational and general funds2 87,2":4 93,876 123,784 152,805 213,754 255,878 270,587 Student-aid tune.: 45,475 57,000 65,121 86,476 103,012 127,984 134,954 As percent of total student-aid revenue3 48.9 48.3 44.0 27.9 20.7 19.4 Plant funds 196,408 226,496 314,556 365,910 (5) (5) (5) As percent of total plant-fund income) 28.6 23.8 24.2 19.3 Real property, appraised value 24,187 49,887 42,397 72,921 69,132 (5) (5) As percent of gross additions to plant assets 1.8 3.0 1.7 2.3 1.7 - Endowment funds 187,527 230,074 269.463 282,173 (5) (5) (5) As percent of total endowment income applied to educational and general revenue and to student-aid revenue 81.9 88.1 89.3 79.7 (5) (5) (5) Annuity end thing trust funds 16,000 19,846 30,294 34,493 (5) (5) (5) Student loan funds - - 5,619 8,468 8,835 10,406 (5) (5) (5) GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PUBLICLY CONTROLLED INSTITUTIONS Educational and mere! fun& 85,232 98,148 113,632 155,378 215,592 262,485 295,356 As percent of total educational and general revenue 32 2.9 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.4 Research, included in educational and general funds2 37,727 43,376 60,842 81,491 111.088 126,028 145,796 Student-aid funds 17,245 21,562 23,492 30,762 40,197 53,261 63,157 As percent of total student-aid revenue3 42.5 .42.2 37.4 22.4 15.5 15.3 Plant funds 19,800 18,084 30,807 44,518 (5) (5) (5) Asa percentage of total plant-fund income; 4.2 2.7 3.3 3.3 Real property, appraised value 9,831 26,557 15,942 28,847 34,718 (5) (5) As percent of gross additions to plant asses 1.3 2.7 1.1 1.5 1.3 Endowment 'unds 17,173 25,398 34,773 48,724 (5) (5) (5) As percent of total endowment income applied to educational and general revenue and to studenteid revenue 752 95.8 103.9 .130.8 (5) (5) (5) Annuity and living trust funds 57 641 450 2,559 (5) (5) (5) Student loan funds . wwwumearwaccasmaxaommax 1,570 3,268 4,184 ':',193

. (5) (5) (5) GIFTS AND GRANTS TO PRIVATELY CO VTROLLED INSTITUTIONS

_ Educational and general funds1 297,337 351,998 437,057 485.365 632,857 738,970 796,299 As percent of total educational and general revenue 14.7 132 12.7 113 122 13.3 132 Research, included in educational and general funds2 49,546 50,500 62,943 71,313 102,666 129,850 124,792 Student-aid funds 28,230 35,438 41,629 55.714 62,815 74,723 71,798 As percent of total studenteid revenue3 54.0 52.9 48.8 32.3 26.3 24.2 22.6 Plant funds 176,608 208,412 283,'48 321,392 (5) (5) (5) As percent of total plant-fund incomes 82.1 75.9 78.0 58.3 Real property, appraised value 14,355 23,309 26,455 44.074 34,414 (5) (5) As percent of gran additions to plant asses 2.6 3.4 24 3.9 2.5 Endowment funds 170,354 204,076 234,690 233,450 (5) (5) (5) As percent of total endowment income applied to educational and general revenue and to studenteid revenue 825 873 87.5 73.7 (5) (5) (5) Annuity and living trust funds 15,943 19,206 29,844 31,934 (5) (5) (5) Student loan funds 4,049 5,200 4,651 7,413 (5) (5) (5) Data for 1967-68 to 1970-71 Include separately reported revenue from non- governmental sources for sponsored reseerch and other sponsored programs. 2 Data for 1967-68 to 1970 -71 were reported as revenue from nongovernmental sources for sponsored research. 3 Excludes revenue for student work aefignmerts and student loans.

4 Excludes transfers and loans. Data not collected. SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Edr 'Mien, and welfare, Office of Education, Financial Stattetk4 Inatintelorss of Htsises Edisoetion.
Table 126. Estimated tuition and fees, and room and board rates, in institutions of highs education, by type and control

of institution: Unitcd Stines, 1964-415 to 1974-75

Tear and control of Institution

Tuition and required fees Board rates Charges for dormitory rooms

All

Institu

tions Univer- sides Other

4-yeer

Institu- dons

2-y*ar

Inst Itu- Norm All

Institu

tons

Univer sides Other 4-yeer

institutons

2-year

InstItu- dons AllInstitu

dons Unlver- sides Other

4-year

institu

lions

2-year

Institu- dons

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 1984-85: Public Private 1989-70:

Public, Private 1974-75: Public Private

$243

1,088 323

1,533 450

2,241

$298

1,297 427

1,8041 648

2,608

14224 1,423 306

1,470 432

2,142

$99

702

179 1,034 248

1,472

$438

488

511

581 818

874

$482

515 540 808 WM

747

$401 479

483

543

571 839

$381 484 485

546

590 843

$271

331 370 437

519

589

$291 390

395 603

559

879

$241 308

347 408

587 545

$178

289

309 413

412

507 NOTE.Date are for the entire *endemic year and are overage

charges per full-time resident degree-credit student. They have not

been edlusted for changes In the purchasing power of the dollar.

SOURCES: Estimated from U.S. Department of Health, Education.

and Welfare, Office of Education, Higher Education Basic Studirel

°Urges; and Fall Enrollment in Higher Education.

Table 127.Basic studsitt charges by institutions of higher education for tuition

and fees, room, and board, by control and type of institution:

United States and outlying areas, 1971-72

Type of charge and

type of Institution

Charges to full-time undergraduate

students Publicly controlled

Institutions Privately

controlled Resident Institutions

students Nonresident students

1 2 3 4 Tuition and fees, room, end board: Universities $1,642 $2,228 $3,330

Other 4-yasr Institutions 1,282 1,823 2,519

2-year Institutions 1,049 1,539 2,101

Tuition and required fees: Universities 514 1,198 2,117

Other 4-year Institutions 390 951 1,534

2-year institutions 219 709 1,137

Room charges:

Unhemities 448 448 584 Other 4-year institutions 383 383 424

2-ysar institutions 334 334 420

Boardcharges: Universities 582 682 829 Other 4-year Institutions 489 489 581 2-year institutions 498 498 644 NOTE.Data represent ricrac* institutional charges unweighted by numbers of students

attending.

SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Of lice of Education, Higher

Education Basic Student Charges, 1971-72.

110
Table 128.-Current-fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose:

United States, 1970-71

(Amounts in thousands of dollars]

Purpose

Currentfund expenditures, by control of Institution

Public and private Public Private Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total currantund expenditures

Educational and general expenditures

General administration and general expense

Instruction and departmental research

Extension and public services Libraries Plant operation and maintenance

Sponsored activities other than research

Sponsored research

Other separately budgeted research

Related organized activities

Auxiliary enterprises

Studentid grants

Major public service programs

Hospitals'

Other major public service program.'

$23,375,197 100.0 $14,296,042 100.0 118,379,156 100.0 17,810,444 75.4 11,746,502 78.3 5,870,942 70.1 2,983,911

7,804,410

588,390

718,212

1,730,884

890,607

1858,021

361,317

893,011

12.8 33A

2.5

3.1 7.4 3.8

7.9

1.5 3.0

1,781,838

5,477,185

542,543

483,481

1,137,266

608,812

1,019,406

301,354

413,826

11.8 36.5

3.6

3.1 7.6

4.1 8.8

2.0

2.8

1,202,073

2,327,225

45,848

252,731

593,409

281,895

838,616

49,962

279,382

14.3

27.8

3.0

7.1 3.4

10.0

.6 3.3

2,988,407

1,098,198

1,872,148

12.8 4.7

7.1 1,781,372

528,243

040,926

11.9 3.5

6.3

1,207,038

669,956

731,222

14.4 8.8 8.7 842,652

829,696

3.6 3.5

649,312

391,614

3.7 253,241

437,981

3.5

5.2

I aeon 1968-89, thesis data were Included with

educational end general items.

NOTE. -Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educat on, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Financial Statittics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1970-7).

Table 129.-Expenditures of Institutions of higher education: United Slates, 1929-30 to 1970-71

(In thousands of dollars(

Item 1929-30 1919-40 1049-50 1950-60 1961-62 1963-64 1965-66 1967-68 1909-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9 10 11 Currentfund expenditures

Educational and general

General administration and general expense

Instruction and experimental research Extension and public services Libraries Plant operation end maintenonce

Separately organized research Rotated activities Other educational ono general

Auxiliary entmOrises

Studentwid expenditures

Other current expenditures

Oros addition; to piens vseue6

6507,142 $674,1386 12,245,661 $5,001,376 $7,154,526 $9,177,677 612,1506489 $16,460,786 621,043,112 $23,375,197

377,903 521,990 1,706,444 4,513,208 5,768,243 7,425,063 9,951,106 13.190,420 15,780,899 17,816,444

42,633

221,598

24,962

9.854

60,919

18,117

(2)

(2)

62,827

280,248

35,325

19,487

69,612

22,268

27,225

(2)

213,070

780,9214 88,874

66,147

225,110

225,341

119,108

(2)

583,22e

1,793,320

206,595

135,384

409,943

1,022,353

294,256

39,134

730,429

2,202.443

244,337

177,362

564,225

1.474A1.4 387,027

38,013

957,512

2,801,707

297,380

238,710

686,064

1,973,383

458,507

313,832

1,251,107

13,911,377

438,385

348,248

844,606

2,443,300

558,170

153,013

1,738,946

15,653,473

597,544

493,206

1,127,290

2,098,968

640,711

240,222

2,627,993

17,863,097

521,148

652,598

1,541,698

2,144,076

648,099

(2)

2,983,911

18,694,917

588,390

715,212 1,730:864

2,209,336.

893,011

(2)

(4)

129,239

124,184

(4)

28,614

476,401

(4) 62,816

916,117

172,060

1,157,517

228,785

1,452,244

300,370

1,887,744

425,524

245,115

2,302,419

712,425

275,523

2,769,276

984,594

31,500,544

2,908,407

1,098,196 31.677.148 125,106 83,766 415,591 1,314,717 1,571,122

i 2,437,510 3,12401 4,093961 032.525 4,125,4411 1 Includes "other sponsored programs "

2 Data not collected separately.

3 Soles and services expenditures.

4 Data not tabulated asperstaly.

"Major public service programs" previously mooned In "separately organized

research.** "extension and public services and "related activities."

6 Indudes expenditures from plant and current funds, gifts and grants of plant

assets, and Increases In value due to reappraisal and other adjustments.

111

NOTE.-Beginning in 1959-60, data we for 60 States and the District of

Columbia; data for earner years are for 48 States and the District of Columbia.

Because of rounding, detail may not add to email.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educetion, and Welfare, Office of

Education, kueenesaiStatittks of Institutions of Higher Education.
Table 130.-Current-fund expenditures of Institutions of hifshay 'ducat on, by control and by

1969-70 and 1970-71

[Amounts in thousands of dollars)

Sate

1969-70 1970-71 Percent change,

1969-70 to 1970-71

Tote Public Prised, Total Public Private Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United Meta: $31.043.111 113,249,546 $7,713,567 $23,375,117 $14,996,042 89,379,156 11 13 $ Alabama 254,174 208,085 48,089 275,900 226,786 49,114 9 9 7 Masks 31,011 27,990 3,021 39,939 38,738 3,200 20 31 8

Arizona 171,128 164,117 7,010 202,824 196,070 7,754 19 19 11 Arkansas ,120,827 102,815 18.212 128,443 108,094 19,749 8 8 8 California 2,636.081 1,907,968 728,213 2,807,568 2.032,668 774,900 7 7 8

Colorado 789,835 244,338 45,497 325,996 278.738 49= 12 13 8

Connecticut 333,964 119,132 214,832 366,218 134,980 231,258 10 13 8 Delaware 47,822 42,770 5,052 56,051 49,589 6.482 17 16 28 District of Columba . 263,743 24,858 238,1385 300,143 28,007 272,137 14 13 14 Florida 497,023 360,808 136,13, 585,780 414,844 150,938 14 15 11 Goma 350,1* 232,931 117,204 396,646 268,277 127,3ee 13 15 9

Itesslii 91,956 85,590 8,365 112,250 106,072 7,178 22 23 13 aloha 80,912 50,324 10,688 66,388 54,383 11,984 9 8 13

Illinois 1,243,868 687,631 578,237 1,402,723 789,890 812,834 13 18 8

Indiana 537,907 387,099 150,807 596,554 433,678 162,976 11 12 8

lows 341,446 238,739 102,727 363.429 258,694 104,735 8 8 2 Kansas 227,756 193,493 34,263 255,288 219,644 35,844 12 14 4 Kentucky 245,858 196,573 49,266 271.793 219,154 52,839 11 11 7 Louisa= 265,101 192,633 72,488 299,367 221,670 77,797 13 16 7 wows. 79,628 48,275 31,353 88,852 66,460 33,391 12 15 7 Megyand 402,377 222,270 180,108 470,226 270,242 199,984 17 22 11 monachuseth 999,302 150,552 848,749 1,080,648 186,813 813,832 8 24 5 Michigan 914 ,466 797,887 116,589 986,607 859,806 126,901 8 8 9 Minn rota 404,248 314,217 90,029 448,224 350,721 95,603 10 12 6

Mississippi 183 ,471 144,206 19,266 187,533 167,189 20,343 15 16 6 Miwouri 443,775 256,620 187,756 489,664 272,634 197,033 6 7 5 Montana 61,825 66,427 5,399 70,876 66,024 6,852 15 16 8

News= 157,613 116,813 41,800 174,115 130,148 43,967 10 12 5 Parade 29,969 29,823 48 32,518 32,459 50 9 9 28 Now Hompatifes 99,903 42,932 56,971 110,888 48,006 82.700 1' 12 10 New Army 423,321 237,637 185,694 484,428 290,643 203,785 14 18 10 New Mexico 107,384 100,971 8,413 117,766 111,219 8,548 10 10 2 New York 2.260.917 826,458 1,434,458 2,668,579 1,003,048 1,553,533 13 21 8 North Carolina 627 ,727 326,146 201,581 596,942 370,529 216,413 11 14 7 North Dakota 64,580 81,334 3,248 70,190 66.464 3,738 9 8 15 Ohio 882,459 594,980 287,479 1,012,864 704,263 309,595 15 18 7 Mahone 221,007 188,409 32.668 244,295 200,337 34,968 10 11 7 01490n 249,502 212,263 37,329 287,138 227.893 39,245 7 7 5 Penneyhsnie 1,1711,111 648,472 832,640 1,283,318 616,979 686,338 9 13 '5

Rhode Island 117,947 51,333 68,614 131,632 50,964 71,668 12 17 8 South Carolina 184,612 133,117 51,495 206,385 150,619 66,787 12 13 8 South Dakota 73,163 58,073 15,090 81,608 66,239 ' 16,369 12 12 8

Tonnages 344,969 191,920 153,048 394,372 219,318 175,064 14 14 14 Two 802,873 694.124 208,749 936,538 712,708 223,830 17 20 7 Utah 188,213 129,563 58,6* 212,064 144,901 67,184 13 12 15 Vermont 74,138 40,832 33,306 83,490 48,201 37,290 13 13 12 Virginia 353,206 273,611 79,595 402,982 318,661 84,321 14 18 8 Washington 356,254 319,797 ' 48 ,467 4:7.;;;64 356.608 51,758 11 12 11 West Virginia 130,146 106,213 24.933 141,810 116,023 25,787 9 10 3 Wisconsin 522,819 429,447 93,172 577,142 477,661 99,481 10 11 7 Wyoming 38.150 38,160 42368 42,368 11 11 ... US. Service Schools 164.097 164.097 182,477 182,477 11 11 ... ClillYing areas 116.564 100,121 15,444 140,028 1111,4.* 23,594 .2 16 26 Canal Zone 972 972 1,088 1,088 12 12 ... Guam 4,993 4,993 ci.021 5,021 1 1 Puerto Rico 108,470 90.028 18,444 128,651 106,068 23,594 19 17 28 Virgin Islands 4.130 4,130 5,268 5,268 28 28 ... NOTE.-Becsura of rounding, detail may not add to totals

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Ramat, Statistics of leurgrudons of Higher Education,

1970-71.

112
Table 131.-Personal income, 1970, related to edurctiatal and general expenditures for higher education and to educational

and general funds received from State and local government, by State: 1970-71

State Personal income. 1970

(millions of dollars)

Educational and general

expenditures or higher

education, 1970-711

Education!' end general

funds from Stan and local

governments, 1970-71

Amount

(thousands of dollars) Percent of personal income

Amount

(thousands otcloilers) Percent of personal income

1 2 3 4 5 6 United States $801.493 $17,441,43 2.18 S7,410,0117 0.92 Alabama 9,925 195,474 1.97 78,996 .80 Alaska 1,399 35,832 2.56 17,048 1.22 Arizona 8,487 160,631 2.48 102,069 1.67 Arkansas 5,517 90,372 1.64 47,613 .88 California 88,863 2,032,471 2.29 1.167,431 1.31 Colorado 8,523 247,264 2.90 106,312 1.25 Connecticut 14,638 286,011 1.95 92,772 .63 Delaware 2,394 44,229 1.85 19,735 .82 District of Columbia 4,116 202,573 4.92 21,914 .63 Florida 25,077 4613,179 1.86 224,853 .90 Georgia 15,434 297,368 1.93 125,003 .81 Hawaii 3,472 99,706 2.87 45,528 1.31

Idaho 2,340 47,905 2.05 27,778 1.19

Illinois 49,961 1,023,588 2.05 467,488 .94

Indiana 19,721 428,340 2.17 169,058 .88

Iowa 10,813 278,323 2.82 103,177 .97 Kansas 8,808 194,331 2.21 97,220 1,10

Kentucky 9,990 214,319 2.15 111,788 1.12 Louisiana 11,128 235,116 ?.11 126,624 1,14 Maine 3,228 67,283 2.09 28,075 .81 Maryland 16,877 3171,505 1.85 119,329 .71 Massachusetts 24,160 802,401 3.24 128,743 .51 Michigan 36,785 746,397 2.03 350,792 .96 Minnesota 14,732 354,053 2.40 139,703 .95 Mississippi 5,755 133,220 2.31 69,578 1.21 Missouri 17,427 378,370 2.16 139,630 .80 Montana 2,400 54,678 2.28 30,978 1.29 Nebraska 5,649 133,061 2.36 61,155 .91 Nevada 2,244 30,069 1.34 16,134 .72 New Hampshire 2,686 82,823 3.08 15,961 49

New Jersey 32,930 377,380 1.15 153,808 .47 New Mexico 3,183 95,540 3.00 42,348 1.33 New York 86,391 2.080,921 2.41 872,420 1.01 North Carolina 16,383 463,369 2.77 172,925 1.06 North Dakota 1,897 51,668 2.72 22,069 1.16 Ohio 42,501 701,006 1.65 231,700 .55 Oklahoma 8,570 156,473 1.83 66,297 .76 Oregon 7,816 193,702 2.48 90.312 1.16 Pennsylvania 46,579 947,366 2.03 276,482 .69 Rhode Island 3,726 101,900 2.73 34,128 .92

s South Carolina 7,614 139,062 1.83 63,893 .84 South Dakota 2.107 55,827 2.65 19,578 .93 Tennessee 12,091 273,797 2.26 97,000 .80 Texas 40,213 745,204 1.85 357,328 .69 Utah 3.443 147,136 4.27 45,882 1.33 Vermont 1,541 60,340 3.92 19,996 .84 Virginia 16,986 274,977 1.62 119,769 .71 Washington 13,602 345,156 2.54 195,859 1.44 West Virginia 5,297 100,414 1.90 63,660 1.20 Wisconsin 16,457 435,299 2.85 214,306 1.30 Wyoming 1,227 32,112 2.62 20,063 1.64

I Excludes US. service schools.

NOTE .-Becsose of rouncfing, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistic; of Inantutiont of Higher Education,

1970-71. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Survey of Current P.. :le* August 1972.

113
Tails 132.-Phyoloi plant value per student In Institutions

of hl/ter education, by control and by level:

United Steam 1969 -70 end 1970-71 Control and laud of Institution

Institutions Mont value Number Enroll- ment'

Too lin

thousands of dollars) Per student 2 3 4 5 1966-70

Institutions 2.526 7)11)01 042,0113000 46,317

4. oar institutions 1.639 6,974,581 37,546,260 6,254

2-yeer Institutions 086 1,942,325 .1,647,311 2,341

1,000 5.535,719 26051,025

sot Publicly controlled InstItutlom 4,564

4.year Institutions 426 4,021,396 22.796026 5,066

2.yeer Institution 03e 1218=3 3,864000 2,125

Priestley controlled institutions 1,465 2077.272 16,442,554 7,434

4.year Institution 1,213 1.953,270 14,750,743 , 7.560

2.year melt rtions 252 124,002 682,611 6,506

1570-71

Al Inaltutlem 2,564 1.6600117 40.063,565 5,267

4.yeer antieutiora 19135 6,357.679 40,905.673 3,435

2.yeer Institutions 891 2.223.206 5.144012 2,314

Publicly controlled Institutions LON 6,429,134 29,548021 4,007

4.i/ow innitutions 436 4,324162 25.056,243 6,799

2.year Institutions 054 2,101,972 4061.771 2,123

Privetaly controlled Institutions 1,467 2.152.763 16,506.664 7,867 4.wor Institutions 1,230 2,031,617 15,2030 7,708 Zsass ffictitutions 237 121.236 ,134 6,036

Tow resident and exansion enrol mem NO-time and part4ime, degranctedit ani

nonsieeree.aedit, fall 1909 and 1970.

SOURCE: U3. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Rama& Steel:lei of losstlesaiew of ifieter Echaseloft.

Table 133.-Endowment funds par student in Institutions

of higher educetion, by control mid by level:

United States, 1969-70 and 1970-71 Control and level of institution Number Enron mint'

look value of endowment funds2 Total On

thousands of dotterel Per student

1 2 3 4 5 1969-70 AN Institutions 2,526 70160111 310,963,5111 11,371

4-year Institutions 1,639 6,0743366 10,766,004 1,110)

2-yoar Inedtutions le 1,642,325 97012 50 Publicly controlled Institutions

4yosr India:dons

1,060 6,1139.719 1074,1111 321 426 4021,396 1047,129 419

2-yrrar Institutions 634 1.219.323 26.100 15

1,465 2.077,272 9,979097 . Privately controlled Indianians 4.123

4.year InstItuthera i 1,213 1,963,270 2,9011075 4,511

2-year Institutions 212 124002 70.222 671 1170-71

AN iniftutions 2,ns kn0ss2 11,341,256 I.=

4.yorar Institutions 1,005 6,357,670 11.2370196 1.701 2.year Institution 1191 2.223,204 103070 47

1,019 6.426.134

, Publicly controllad Inn :unions 1051011 304 4.year Institution; 436 4.326.162 1,924,909 445

2.yeor In 664 2.101072 26)72 13 Privowly controlled inultutlone 1.467 2,152.763 9,309,7116 4,362

4-year Iradtullono 1,230 2,031,517 9,312017 4,584

2-yoor inentutions 237 121,2313 NOW 633

1 Told resident arid extension enediment, and partdrne. degreodredt

end noneisgressnelit. MI 1000 and 1970.

2 Including funds functioning as endowment.

SOURCE: U.S. Dap .liett*nt of Health, Education, end Welters, Office of

Educed*" Plowed 81/11101c1 of Insffeatons of Mew &Amato..

Table 134.-Props rty of inetitudons of hl#wor education : United Swim 1919-20 to 1970-71

(In thousands of dollen) horn 1919-20 1929-30 1=-33 i9ni-50 19511-1110 1966-06 19139-70 1970-71

1 2 3 4 6 0 it 8 Progeny who at snit of veer

Lend, bundlnes, and equarrant

Endownent {book value)2 Liabilities of lawn funds

111,310004 $3,437,111 1114,411111,500 1117,401,110 11111,8836% 126.617007 11152.947.3116 147,104,061

741,333

5811,071 2,065,060

1,372008

2,753.710

31.235,130

4,790.964 32001.22313,448045

35044037

26.951,273 6.764134

42.013,560

10064615

nouns

11741.322

(4) (4) f4) 'IA

*- 1,5:1.1106 8.071,751 11.314,711 9.9811.2ed Excludes data reported for student Icon tuna: 1211,7114,0e10 in /030 -40, 143.100.000 In 1940-50. and 6126,214,000 in 1959-80.

2 Includes funds functioning es anCsarnsent.

Indudes ennui* fund: $49.637,000 in 1039-40, en unspecified amount In 1949-60, and 6122.757,000 In 1969-00. 4 Data not colon.*

114.

tE.-Ilecewe of rounding, dwell nay not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Dinennunt of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Ftruadat Salado of InernnOnno oJMere Education.
Table 135.-Iirdant financial aid fonds Monad by iradersilons al Mkt 9118011d011, M MK of P'0111111. KAMM

of institute% type of aid, and aoadancla torts fadpient: Wald Songs and °Whine arse, 1961-17

(In thou sands of dollars]

Student 'Mandel aid program and

academie level of redolent Total

Federally sponsored

Nonfederally

sponsored

(NonFederal)

funds U.S. Office of Educetion" Other departniente and sprain Non-Federal metthIng funds Federal funds Non-Federal matching fund

Federal funds 3 4 5

INN* sontrelled fsestrartNn4

Teak al programs sawin rsoodi Ictrijni $1,337 won 11336.153 Work susignments 290.016 8.476 77.681 216 25,123 171,513

Undergraduate 201.147 7,950 70,060 76 10,925 112,915

Fint-profsielonal 4.903 49 455 373 4,027 Graduate 83,367 578 7,164 iiii 13,928 81.671 &SIMI 246,912 2,464 46.862 369 68.030 129,40'

Undergradune 149.990 2,054 27,497 164 20,606 99,749

First-profession& 6,488 42 673 17 2.436 3,322 Graduate 90,434 329 18,411 198 45.000 25.336

Loans 166,573 13,574 107,171 762 1.943 28,234

Undergraduate 126,706 11.753 89,688 196 1113 22,924

First-professional 11.485 522 4,700 0i: 4,696 1,060 Gradients 19,383 1,919 12,1113 39 334 4,200

Myra* controlled Indlarrione

Trail. all Worm" 9904,175 117,759 8167,9110 *974 175,094 1113424110 ==11=11.113 Work ankenments 116,482 3,692 32,360 25 14,661 64.864 Undergraduate 83,786 3.326 29,731 1,566 49,118

Ftrstraraestionei 2.255 114 1,013 149 979 Graduate 29,461 152 1,615 12,937 14.759 Grants 342.189 3.142 36,419 51,245 252,37:

Undergraduate 224,067 3,109 21,466 9,491 190,921

First-profs esiond 19,333 30 857 6,775 11,722 Graduate 97.819 2 13,098 34.990 49.731

Loans 146,604 11,023 100,182 839 9,199 25,262

Undergraduate 116,535 9,480 85,319 226 2,344 19,166

First-profeational 14,085 587 5,390 501 5,545 2,063 Graduate 15,884 966 9,473 172 1,309 4.US7 NOTE. - Beane of rounceina detail may not add t.T. Office of Era/anion, Flasne1dStetteiles of Intaltutlons of /Riker

Edwastlon. 3tal6at Financial Ald, 1966 -67.

!CY JRCE: U.S. Depertmont of Neelth, !duration, and Welters,

115
Table 138.-Saketed date for land-want institutions

on students and finances: United Stites and

oudying weak 1961-62 and 1971-72

Item 1961-82 1971-72

1 2 3

Opening (fal) enrollment:

Total enrollment 1770,858 21,601,042

Finttime enrollment 3148,526 2249,330

Ropier Federal appropriations $103,134,598 $230,426,120

Funds for instruction and facilities (MorrillNelson and

8ankoeedonee Funds) 10,744,000 12,600,000

Funds for research (experiment stations) 33,306,535 67,409,923

Hatch funds, a amended 32,900,589 60,94Z/192

;,...arch under Agricultural Marketing Act 505,947 6,523,431

Funds for cooperative extension 59,084,062 160,366,197

Smith-lever funds (Act of 1914, a amended) 57,597,842 147,649.661

Extension under Agricultural Marketing Act 1A86,220 2,708,835

Endowment income under land-grant funds 4,383,552 8.884,402

From 1862 land-grant funds 2,919,418 5,376,768

From other Federal lend -grant funds 1,464,134 3,506,724

1 Resident and extension, degree-credit and non-&,res-credit first-term enrollment.

2 Resident and extension, degree-credit and non-degree-credit, opening fell enrollment.

3 Resident, degree-credit, first-term enrollment.

SOURCES: US. nepartnwnt of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of 64ucetion, Statistics

of Lsrul.Gtunt Colleges and Universities. Year Ended June 30, 1962; Fan Enrollment In Higher

Education, 1971: and Statistics on Condition of Land -Grant Funds 1972 Report.

116
CHAPTER IV

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities*

Federal land grants provided under the Northwest

Ordinance of 1787 represent the first instance of U.S.

Government financial assistance for education. With

this enactment, the National Government embarked

upon a program of educational support unique among

national governments in its commitment to State and

local autonomy and in the responsibility it assumed

for a public function of national interest.

A variety of programs and procedures are used by

the Federal Government to support numerous educational activities. Procedures include financial grants

and loans, allocation of surplus commodities and

federally owned property, operation of special programs and institutions, and the cost of services or

contracts.

This highly complex Federal educational involvement affects, directly or indirectly, every person in

this country and many persons from other countries.

Programs may be for the purchase of research and

training services in educational institutions; for support of individuals for whom there is a special Federal

responsibility; for support of schools in areas where

Federal activities would result in undue burdens on

school services without such support; for support of

vocational education, foreign language study, and

similar special areas; or for numerous other purposes.

A capsule view of the history of Federal educational activities is provided in the following list of

selected Federal educational legislation:

Year Program

1787 Northwest Ordinanceauthorized land grants

for the establishment of educational institutions.

Albert R. Munse of the Reference, Estimates, and Projections Branch, Naticuml Center for Educational Statistics, had

the major responsibility for the development of data for this

chapter.

117

1862 First Morrill Actauthorized public land

grants to the States for the establishment

and maintenance of agricultural and mechanical colleges.

1867 Department of Education Actauthorized the

establishment of the Office of Education.

1874 Aid to State nautical schoolsprovided funds

for State nautical schools.

1890 Second Morrill Actprovided for money

grants for support of instruction in the

agricultural and mechanical colleges.

1917 Smith-Hughes Actprovided for grants to

States for support of vocational education.

1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Actauthorized

funds for rehabilitation of World War I

veterans.

1919 Federal surplus property authorized use of

Federal surplus property by educational

institutions.

1920 Smith- Bankhead Actauthorized grants to

States for vocational rehabilitation programs.

1933 School lunch programsprovided assistance in

school lunch programs. The use of surplus

farm commodities in school lunch programs

began in 1936 and the National School

Lunch Act of 1946 continued and expanded

this assistance.

1935 Bankhead-Jones Actmade grants to States

for agricultural experiment stations.

1937 National Cancer Institute Actestablished

Public Health Service fellowship progr. am.

Subsequently, fellowships were authorized

in legislation concerning other agencies.

1940 School Milk Programprovided funds for cost

of milk served to school children.

1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 1940authorized Federal aid for construction, maintenance, and operation of schools in federally
impacted areas. Such assistance was continued under Public Laws 815 and 874, 81st

Congress, in 1950.

1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Actprovided assistance to disabled veterans.

School Lunch Indemnity Planprovided funds

for local school lunch food purchases.

1944 Servicemen's Readjustment Actprovided assistance for education of veterans.

Surplus Property Actauthorized transfer of

surplus property to educational institutions.

1946 George-Barden Actexpanded Federal support

of vocational education.

1948 United States Information and Educational

Exchange Actprovided for the interchange

of persons, knowledge, and skills between

the United States and other countries.

1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services

Mtprovided for donation of surplus property to educational institutions and, for other

public uses.

1950 Public Laws 815 and 874provided assistance

for construction (Public Law 815) and

operation (Public Law 874) of schools in

federally affected areas.

Housing Actauthorized loans for construction of college housing facilities.

1954 School Milk Programprovided funds for purchase of milk for school lunch programs.

Cooperative Research Actauthorized cooper.

ative arrangements with universities,

colleges, and State education agencies for

educational research.

National Advisory Committee on Education

Actestablished a National Advisory Committee on Education to recommend to the

Secretary of the Department of HEW needed

studies of national concern in the field of

education and to propose appropriate action

indicated by such studies.

4956 Library Services Actauthorized grants to

States for extension and improvement of

rural public library services.

1957 Practical Nurse Training Actprovided grants

to States for practical nurse training.

1958 National Defense Education Actprovided

assistance to State and local school systems

for strengthening instruction in science,

mathematics, modern foreign languages, and

other critical subjects; improvement of State

statistical services; guidance, counseling, and

testing services and training institutes; higher

education student loans and fellowships;

118

foreign language institutes and advanced

foreign language study and training provided

by colleges and universities; experimentation

and dissemination of information on more

effective utilization of television, motion

picture, and related media for educational

purposes; and vocational education for technical occupations necessary to the national

defense.

Public Law 85-926Federal assistance for

training teachers of the handicapped authorized.

Public Law 85905authorized a loan service

of captioned films for the deaf.

1961 Area Redevelopment Actincluded provisions

for training or retraining of persona in

redevelopment areas.

1962 Manpower Development and Training Act

provided training in new and improved skills

for the unemployed and underemployed.

Public Law 87. 477 provided grants for the

construction of educational television broadcasting facilities.

Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of

1962authorized loans, advances, and grants

for education and training of refugees.

1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance

Actprovided funds to expand teaching

facilities and for loans to students in the

health professions.

Vocational Education Act of 1963increased

Federal support of vocational education,

including support of residential vocational

schools, vocational work-study programs,

and research, training, and demonstrations in

vocational education.

Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963--authorized grants and loans for classrooms,

libraries, and laboratories in public community colleges and technical institutes as

well as undergraduate and graduate facilities

in other institutions of higher education.

1964 Civil Rights Act of 1964authorized the

Commissioner, to (1) arrange, through grants

or contracts with institutions of higher

education, for the operation of short-term or

regular session institutes for special training

to improve ability of elementary and secondary school instructional staff to deal effectively with special education problems

occasioned by desegregation; (2) make

grants to school boards to pay, in whole or

in part, the cost of providing inservice
training in dealing with problems incident to

desegregation; (3) provide school boards

technical assistance in desegregation and

required nondiscrimination in federally

assisted programs.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964authorized grants for college work-study programs

for students of low-income families; established a Job Corps program and authorized

support for work-training programs to provide education and vocational training and

work experience for unemployed youths;

provided training and work experience

opportunities in welfare programs; authorized support of education and training activities and of community action programs,

including Head Start, Follow Through, Upward Bound; authorized the establishment

of the Volunteers in Service to America

(VISTA).

196S Elementary and Secondary Education Act

authorized grants for elementary and secondary school programs for children of

low-income families; school library re- sources, textbooks and other instructional

materials for school children; supplementary

educational centers and services; strengthening State education agencies; and educational research and research training.

Health Professions Educational Assistance

Amendmentsauthorized scholarships to aid

needy students in the health professions and

grants to improve the quality of teaching in

schools of medicine, dentistry, osteopathy,

optometry, and podiatry.

Higher Education Act of 1965provided

greats for university community service programs, college library assistance, library

training and research, strengthening developing institutions, and educational opportunity; insured student loans; teacher

training programs; and undergraduate instructional equipment. Established a National Teacher Corps and provided for

graduate teacher training fellowships.

Medical Library Assistance Actprovided

assistance for construction and improvement

of health sciences libraries.

National Foundation on the Arts and the

Humanities Actrathorized grants and loans

for projects in the creative and performing

arts, and for research, training, and scholarly

publications in the humanities.

119

National Technical Institute for the Deaf

Actprovided for the establishment, construction, equipping, and operation of a

residential school for postsecondary ed acetion and technical training of the deaf.

National Vocational Student Loan Insurance

Actencouraged State and nonprofit private

institutions and organizations to establish

adequate loan insurance programs to insist

students to attend postsecondary busbies,

trade, technical, and other vocational

schools.

Disaster Relief Actprovided for assistance to

local education agencies to help meet exceptional cost resulting from a major disaster.

1966 International Education Actprovided grants

to institutions of higher education for the

establishment, suengthening, and operation

of centers for research and training in

international studies and the international

aspects of professional and other Was of

study.

National Sea Grant College and Program Act

authorized the establishment and overshot,

of Sea Grant colleges and programs by

initiating and supporting programs of edtbes

tion and research in the various fields relating to the development of marine

resources.

Adult Education Actauthorized stub to

States for the encouragement and expansion

of educational programs for adults, including

training of teachers of adults and demonstrations in adult education (Previously part of

the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964).

Model Secondary School for the Deaf Act

authorized the establishment and operation,

by Gallaudet College, of a model secondary

school for the deaf to serve the National

Capital region.

Elementary and Secondary Education Mendments of 1966in addition to modifYIng

existing programs, authorized grants to assist

States in the initiation, expansion, and improvement of programs and projects for the

education of handicapped children at the

preschool, elementary, and secondary school

levels.

1967 Education Professions Development Act

amended the Higher Education Act of 1965

for the purpose of improving the quality of

teaching and to help meet critical shortages
of adequately trained educational personnel

by authorizing support for the development

of information on needs for educational

personnel, training and retraining opportunities responsive to changing manpower

needs, attracting a greater number of qualified persons into the teaching profession,

attracting persons who can stimulate creativity in the arts and other skills to undertake short-term or long-term assignments in

education, and helping to make educational

personnel training programs more responsive

to the needs of schools and colleges.

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967established a

Corporation for Public Broadcasting to have

major responsibility in channeling Federal

funds to noncommercial radio and television

stations, program production groups, and

ETV networks directly or through contract;

conduct research, demonstration, or training

in matters related to noncommercial broadcasting; and authorize grants for construction of educational radio as well as television

facilities.

1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of 1967in addition to modifying

existing programs, authorized support of

regional centers for education of handicapped children, model centers and services

for deaf-blind children, recruitment of personnel, and dissemination of information

on education of the handicapped; technical

assistance in education to rural areas; support of dropout prevention projects; and

support of bilingual education programs.

Also, in order to give adequate notice of

available Federal financial assistance, authorized advance funding for any program for

which the Commissioner of Education has

responsibility for administration by authorizing appropriations to be included in the

appropriations act for the fiscal year preceding the fiscal year for which they are

available for obligation.

Handicapped Children's Early Education

Assistance Actauthorized preschool and

early education programs for handicapped

children.

Vocational Education Amendments of

1968changed the basic formula for allocating funds; provided for a National Advisory Council on Vocational Education,

expansion of vocational education services

120

to meet the needs of the disadvantaged, the

collection and dissemination of information

for programs administered by the Commissioner of Education, and the preparation of

a catalog of all Federal education assistance

programs.

Higher Education Amendments of 1968provided new programs to assist disadvantaged

college students through special counseling

and summer tutorial programs, and to assist

colleges to combine resources for cooperative uses, including closed- circuit television

and computer networks. Also authorized

grants to expand and strengthen student

cooperative programs and to expand programs which provide clinical experiences to

law students.

1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assistance Programs, Extension (Pliblic Law

91-230)authorized comprehensive planning

and evaluation grants to State and local

education agencies; provided for the establishment of a National Commission on

School Finance.

National Commission on Libraries and Information Science Actestablished a National

Commission on Libraries and Information

Science to meet the needs of the people, to

utilize effectively the Nation's educational

resources, and to cooperate with State and

local governments and public and private

agencies in assuring optimum provision of

such services.

Environmental Education Actestablished an

Office of Environmental Education for the

purpose of curriculum development and

initiation and inaintenance of environmental

education programs at the elementarysecondary education levels; dissemination of

information; the provision of training programs for teachers and other educational,

public, community, labor, and industrial

leaders and employees; community education programs; and the distribution of

material dealing with environment and

ecology.

Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970provided

for the development, demonstration, and

evaluation of curriculums on the problems

of drug abuse; dissemination of information;

training programs for teachers, counselors,

law-enforcement officers, and other public

leaders and officials; and community
education programs for parents and others

on drug abuse problems.

1971 Comprehensive Health Manpower Training Act

of 1971 (Public Law 92-257)amended

title VII of the Public Health Service Act.

Increased and expanded provisions for

health manpower training and training facilities.

Nurse Training Act of 1971 (Public Law

92-158)amended title VIII, Nurse Training,

of the Public Health Service Act. Increased

and expanded provisions for nurse training

facilities.

1972 Drug Abuse Office and Treatment Act of 1972

(Public Law 92-255)established a Special

Action Office for Drug Abuse Prevention to

provide overall planning and policy for all

Federal drug-abuse prevention functions; a

National Advisory Council for Drug Abuse

Prevention; community assistance grants for

community mental health centers for treatment and rehabilitation of persons with drug

abuse problems; and, in December 1974, a

National Institute of Drug Abuse.

Education Amendments of 1972 (Public Law

92.318)established a National Institute of

Education; general aid for institutions of

higher education; Federal matching grants

for State student incentive grants; a National

Commissicn on Financing Postsecondary

Education; State Advisory Councils on Community Colleges; a Bureau of Occupational

and Adult Education and State grants for

the design, establishment, and conduct of

postsecondary occupational education; and a

bureau-level Office of Indian Education.

Amended current Office of Education programs to increase their effectiveness and

better meet special needs. Prohibited sex

bias in admissions to institutions of vocational, professional, graduate higher, and

public institutions of undergraduate higher

education.

There is no single total for Federal funds for

education that is meaningful for all purposes, but

there are many possible totals which may be constructed to service particular needs. This multiplicity

is probably due to the many kinds of assistance

provided, the differences in the manner of distributing assistance, the special circumstance:, which

describe the program beneficiary as each program was

legislatively tailored for its special purpose, and, of

course, the purposes of the data user. However,

121

table 138 (Part I), "Federal funds supporting education in educational institutions," gives one summary

which the Office of Education has found useful.'

Part I includes those programs more frequently

considered in the general category of Federal aid to

education. Grants and loans are separated because of

the obvious difference which requires repayments of

loans but not grants. Part II includes data for other

programs which may also be considered in determining Federal funds for education.

In contrast with table 138, which shows program

amounts, table 137 'shows where the money comes

fromthe Federal agencies which make the funds

available for the various education programs. This

table reveals that the Federal role in education and

related activities involves many Federal agencies and

varies from relatively insignificant amounts to almost

$7 billion estimated for the Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare for the 1974 fiscal year.

Seven agencies report education amounts in excess of

$100 million, exclusive of outlays for research and

development. The support provided various levels of

educationelementary-secondary, higher, vocationaltechnical and continuing education, and "other"

programsis also shown.

Noteworthy is the fact that amounts in tables 137

and 138 report Federal funds from a "Federal"

vantage point. This will differ from State and local

education agency reports and higher education re -.

ports of Federal receipts A major reason for the

difference is the fact that payments to individuals and

to nonschool agencies for education or education

services cannot be identified as Federal funds by the

educational institutions. Consequently, summaries of

State, local, and institutional reports of Federal

receipts will be less than amounts reported for the

same years from this "Federal" perspective.

A somewhat different view of the Federal educational involvement is brought into focus in table 139,

from the National Science Foundation publication

Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other

Scientific Activities, Vol. XXI. For example, to the

extent that federally supported research may be

considered to be education-related, this table shows

federally supported educational activity taking place

in many institutions other than those formally

described as educational, including industrial establishments, federally operated facilities, and various

nonprofit establishments. Figures from the National

Science Foundation were used also to obtain the

research and development amounts reported in

tables 137 and 138 for colleges and universities and

for Federal obligations to universities and colleges

reported in table 143.
Table 140 gives additional information about the

programs for training grants, fellowships, and traineeships included in table 137. Figures for this tabulation, like those in tables 137 and 138, were obtained

from information provided the Office of Management

and Budget for "Special Analysis H," a chapter in its

publication Special Analyses, Budget of the United

States, Fiscal Year 1974.

A summary of Office of Education disbursements

for the years from 1960 to 1974, by legislative

program, is presented in table 142. This table reveals

the support pattern for the Office of Education by

showing changes in levels of support for different

educational activities and the appearance of new

activities. Funds transferred to the Office of Education from other Federal agencies for various education services are presented at the bottom of

table 142.

122

State-by-State data on Federal educational assistance from various Federal agencies are displayed in

tables 141, 143, and 144. Table 143 includes

amounts for higher education institutions only and is

based on Fcderal obligations during the 1971 fiscal

year regardless of when funds were spent by a

recipient institution. Higher education loans to students and irrtitutions, Federal expenditures for

Federal employe:: training, and veterans' education

benefits are not 'included in these higher education

figures.

In contrast with table 143, "Obligations,"

amounts reported in table 141 'Combine "obligations"

for Office of Education programs with "outlay"

amounts by the Department of Agriculture and the

Office of Child Development in the Department of

Health, Education, and Welfare. Table 145 shows

Office of Education funds for instructional materials

and equipment.

.av
Table 137.-Cederei funds for education and related activities, by agency: Fiscal yams 1972 to 1974 tin thousands of dollars] -V Total Elementaryeeconday education Highrr education Voodoo Machnicol and continuing education Other 1972 actual 1973 iodinate 1974 estimate 1972 actual 1973 estimate 1974 estimate 1972 actual 1973 estirraie 1974 estimate 1972 actual 1973 estimate 1974 admen 1972 actual 1973 mime* 1974 Wete 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 18 Total $1110830115 818,116,2111 $17,909,235 83,888,527 $4,095051 84062,779 96548,066 $5,310,800 $8,343,314 82,505,015 82391,577 $2,412,683 114,553984 $8,124983 11503, AT2 Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare 8.312.472 6030098 6,757,490 3,147,399 3,158020 3,213054 2,491,188 2,708,943 2.797,150 188,409 221,817 211,203 487.476 543,518 5351)34 Office of Education (4,767,175) 14,721,4481 (4,805006) (2,938,807) 12,783,037) 12020,904) (1,801,392) (1089.342) (1,800,005) (78,295) 185,965) (59049) (148,890) 1183.124/ (125347) Public Heel= Semi= (815054) (918,451) (912.785) (0) (0) (0) (784.402) 1881,791) (879,159) (5,484) (8.203) (7,472) 125.4819 (26,457) (26,154) Social and Rehabilitation Service (153328) (178,334) (180012) (13.753) (11,968) (10354) (37.325) (42,791) (24,944) 1102.5501 (121,575) (125,114) .. Other (5813,316) (816.145) (877087) (194,839) 1381.015) 1381,828) 188,089) (95.019) 193002) (109) (8974) (19,188) (313,298) 1354037) 13134093) Department of Agriculture 1,415,718 1,711,572 1,528,132 2E1324 42,657 51,338 1.387,004 1068.915 1,474.794 Department of Cameros 10,648 11,325 12,423 2,213 2,488 2,362 180 1,625 1,923 8,253 7,234 8.148 Depertnent of Defense 1,110,773 1,219,327 1,306,093 176,930 204,861 224,025 711 715 753 933,132 1013,751 1,090,315 Department of Homing and Urban Development 162,188 154,988 155,350 79,123 92,334 95.040 55,565 40,473 27,220 25,176 29,379 30,240 2,324 2,800 2,800 Deportment of the Interior 266,027 302.787 2E9,776 200.798 225,833 221,209 23,603 32,050 31,159 41,563 44,960 37.290 75 99 128 Deportrromt of Janice 41,758 57.171 21,285 28,603 49,283 587 4,082 7,332 10,733 ' 90643 9,551 9,946 Depertnant of Labor 1,880,800 1,925,403 1095,000 111,900 227,400 128,000 1.768000 1398000 1.568.000 Depertaent of Stale 43,320 48,280 53,950 4,237 4,643 5.100 314083 43,637 48.650 Department of Tramportation 17,343 18,168 17,515 910 910 910 440 500 500 1913 9 16,758 16,106 Department of the Treasury 5,287 4,553 7,200 1.888 72 3,559 4,481 7200 , Action 28,385 33,104 27,770 2,476 2,448 2,083 4,090 8,647 5,800 757 712 19,819 21.254 19,175 Agency for Intonations: Deteloprrent 56,812 65,862 64,889 55,612 moo 84,689 Appdachian Regional DeolloPraint Commission 38,024 45,947 53,940 28,204 35,200 42,700 9,408 9,447 9,940 167 900 900 245 400 400 Atomic Energy Commission ... 9,830 11037 8,185 2,429 2,840 2,470 7,085 7,725 5,115 117 472 580 Corporation for Public Brosdassting 8,000 3,000 11,000 ..... 8.000 0,000 11,000 District of Columbia (Office of Education estimate) 53,334 48,715 41,862 43,370 39,478 33,664 9,984 7,237 8,198 Environments1 Protection R041141, 8.841 7,198 13,959 6041 7,196 8,959 Government Sera= Administration 2,514 2,575 2,726 . 2,514 2,575 2,725 Library of Congress 54,577 62016 67,919 ..... .. ... 64,577 62,618 67,919 National Aeronaut= and Space Administration 6,289 3017 2,830 4,372 1,187 1,000 1,897 1,830 1,830 National Foundation on ths Ars and the Hums** 21,683 39,184 81,165 2,080 4,255 5,495 10,342 18,256 32,445 9,281 16,683 43,225 National Science Foundetion 82,298 40,851 28,460 1,868 1,912 1,200 60.430 38,939 27,250 Office of Economic ' Opportunity 48,947 44,118 2,000 9,686 9,875 39,261 34,243 2,000 Smithsonian Institution 25,029 30,286 33,863 25,029 30,266 33,963 US. Information Agency 3,029 3,209 3,225 852 991 993 2,177 2.218 2,232 Veterans Administration 1,882,340 2,499,910 2,410,329 16,674 37,708 36,378 1,436,437 1927,13 1316,567 429,229 534,889 556,364 All Fedora ewe os (releardt cod development In educational Institutions) 2,884,843 3,157,654 13,217,000 4,386,844 1,533,936 11.58,858 1 ,497,999 1,818,718 11,549.050 1 Estimated by the Office of Education. SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational Statistics. Office of Education, US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, from Information collected by the Office of Management and Budget for is report Special Anelyms. Budget of the United States. FLteal Year 1973. Reeser= end development data am from Federal Funds for Bemoan, Development, and Miter Soling& Actfvfdea Vol. XXI,National Science Foundation.
Tat* IX-Federal funds for adoption and Mated activitias: Obligations for fiscal yon 1962 to 1967 and outlay for focal yaws 1969 to 1974 (In thousands of dollars( Type of support, heal, and Program area New oblignonal authority Outlay 1962 1963 1984 1965 1966 1987 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 fertimBud) 1974 (animated) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 PART I. Fenn fonds supportIng education in educational Institution Total 'amend loons $2,173,700 $2,507.800 $2249,300 93.905,700 16,779,575 ,252.556 $7,504654 115965,398 $5,222,139 $10927946 1111001,721 $13,070,636 512,81111.523 Grants, total 1.853200 2,111,700 2,350,500 3,379,900 6,157)37$ 7,611,253 7.201,173 7,523,180 8,615)343 10.442,60. 11,325,066 12,440,958 12,462,906 Eleinenteryncondsry education 555,100 600,400 668,300 942,900 2,480,078 3,037,637 2,967,004 2,838,439 3,212,418 3,724,363 3.856,527 4):613258 4,062,779 School inistsnce in federally affected areas 307.900 330,300 323,100 407,600 433,900 469,137 603,372 397,561 658,372 527,043 648.608 467.452 130,910 Economic opportunity prow-an-al 53.000 60,900 67,000 123,500 404200 725,257 628,533 552.434 534,482 664,355 473,307 764,701 683.996 National Defense Education Act- equipment2 Supporting suvion3 59.300 4,300 58,700 4.700 92,900 5,200 90.900 6,500 104.400 173.100 109,200 273,551 100.009 290,481 74,316 290,107 58,547 237.532 44,647 215252 213:113 38,260 346,111 11,764 186,020 Assistance for educationally deprived childron4 959,000 7,057,465 1,058983 1,096,106 1,307,894 1,575,282 1,613,847 1,564200 455,029 Teacher Corps 4,000 8)300 5,100 6,600 11,324 16.019 19,358 18,191 28,781 23,887 40.613 37,566 Vocational education 28,400 26,300 24,900 127.700 184,678 194,838 185,224 152,441 181,379 241,481 282.545 254976 153,536 Dependents' schools abroad 40,500 45,300 61,500 80,500 86.100 87,533 68,220 119,589 137.138 146,615 Iowa 191,621 211.102 Public lands revenue for schoob 43,500 44,600 48,600 51.500 54,100 50,173 52,294 66,112 82.376 78,893 73285 89.377 98,634 Assistance In special amass 14,800 17,700 32,600 50.27kr 68,800 56.989 58,296 71,118 78,992 120,719 156,757 1)0,388 162,400 Veterans' education 1,294 3.200 4,924 6,233 13,763 15,674 37,703 36.378 Emergency school assiltanee 51,239 68,816 54,364 175,012 Education reason sharing 1,692.699 Others 4,400 5,100 5,400 4,500 5.200 5,108 2.383 5,353 13,292 16,3/3 19,5/5 27.487 27,794 Higher education 1,210,300 1,357,5o(1 1,480.400 2962,600 2,830,400 3,834.494 3.262988 3.318,177 3,814,332 , 4,745,192 4.963.464 5,760,253 5,937.467 - Basic nisurch in U.S. educational institutions proper? 602,900 691,600 866,800 784,900 940,300 1.032.823 1,061,818 1920,905 1185,784 1,064.385 1,109980 1,325,335 81,350,000 Mann% facilities? 121,800 157,900 133,500 191.700 194,000 250,568 199,790 233,516 225,130 227,908 186,864 213,601 8218900 Training grants 196,000 234,600 261.200 282400 365,500 3639013 391.116 404,990 704,089 7$9.295 982,009 1,143243 1910,851 Failowships and traineeships 103.900 143000 181.800 196.900 284)300 350.162 320,303 247,840 191,271 2137,907 Facilities and equipment 37.100 41,000 56.100 384,100 669,900 822.203 549,382 482,387 513,162 518,944 400.147 263201 254260 Other Institutional support 33.000 43,400 59,500 93,400 183= 189,925 131,537 123.666 178,156 266,800 292,291 352,474 350.441 Other student assistance 103,900 89.900 82.300 100,400 214,200 590,585 801,8133 740,498 1,003994 1931.185 1202,174 2,482,299 2.753.916 Other higher education assistance 11,700 18,400 17,400 18,800 18,800 54,619 3.050 9,975 12,546 9978 Vocational -technin and continuing *ducal- don (not classifiable by level) 87,800 113,500 203,800 384,100 857.400 939.152 971,181 1.306.563. 1,589,763 1,973,253 2,505,095 2.591.577 2,462,660 Vocational, technical, and work training'? : 34.600 82,700 '171900 364,330 817,900 827,303 851,883 1.153644 1289,254 1,516,741 1941281 1.895,683 1.758,225 Veterans' education 49.900 29,000 25,100 10,300 6,300 54,000 79,645 123,970 244,634 357,414 429.229 534,889 565,364 General continuing education10 400 400 1,900 1,530 19.200 29.200 28,701 60,384 65.856 88,305 125.715 147,087 122,244 Training State and local personnel 2,900 1.400 5900 9,1300 14900 29.549 11,1E2 18.775 9.350 11,793 8.870 13,918 16,827 Loom total (hien edwatkon) 320,500 396900 MAW 529,100 611,700 741,583 1503,251 502,727 606.286 444937 576.635 630,547 405.917 Student Icon program. National Defense Education Actl 1 74,600 90.700 111,300 160,100 236,900 237954 :013,303 2E6941 295,173 382.102 515,072 595,400 380.341 College facilities loms12 245.900 335200 '287600 369000 375,800 500,629 378,978 272,588 311,123 102,736 81,583 35.147 25.576
Total Applied research and development') School lunch and milk programs Training of Federal personnel U.S. academies Professional training, military Civilian education and training in non- Federal facilities Library vervias Grants to public libraries National library services13 International education Educational exchange program Agency for International Development proiects Action (previously Peace Corm) Other international education and training Other Agricultural extension service Educational television facilities Education in Federal correctional institutor* Value of surplus property transferred: Acquisition cost of personal property Fair value of real property oeho 4 PART 11. Other Federal funds for educedon aid raised actinism 87,777,364 67,936,341 $3.239651 113,717.232 $3,903,869 83,930063 s3,e6e.829 $3,339.867 $3,435,724 164,011.746 84063964 86,174,593 115037Al2 754,700 805,700 906,8.O 952,300 1,025,800 1,088,150 1.142,350 1,237.499 1,236249 1,318,963 1,997,999 1,818,718 41,549000 368,900 379,300 411,700 507,500 421,900 448,005 543045 597.=) 676,196 979,1E6 1,213,075 1,472,890 1.273263 1,177,500 1,279,800 1,370,400 1,577,900 1,705,700 1,537,399 1.138233 839,853 691,694 854.930 961,215 1,045,879 1,115,027 59,416 59,009 119,798 130 ,971 154,593 131,002 141,599 170,488 184,282 218.889 732047 233,288 232,340 1,086,584 1,188,601 1,202,604 1,373,229 1,470,507 1.309,948 923 .470 375.105 492.040 614,099 718,180 800,018 867037 31,500 31,900 48,000 73,700 81,600 94,449 73,784 94.290 15,392 21,962 10,988 12,373 15,050 22.200 23900 25,300 97,900 96,300 141,381 135.099 186,124 170,135 186,338 1155,096 174,657 150,744 6,900 7,400 7,500 04,900 55,000 76,000 82,017 62,794 50,235 52,975 56,246 50,873 17.904 15,300 16,500 17,800 28,000 31,300 65.381 74,082 123,330 119900 133,363 108,850 123,784 132,840 es 109,100 118,100 130,000 178,700 232,658 326,742 272,008 279,135 193,464 lerrES 122,740 136,335 139098 28.100 35,600 38,000 37,400 53,000 44,712 41.870 39,172 30,950 36,101

' 37,837 42,442 47,711 81,000 90,500 84,800 87,800 111,800 203,770 140,000 170,000 111,326 105009 55,812 65,862 64,889 44,300 57,175 41,944 43,641 44,095 78,150 25,028 19,819 20,983 18,925 7,400 9,200 10,183 36,816 48,697 25,868 23,139 13933 9.472 7,048 7073 s 346.984 330,741 396.151 417,932 429,701 388,376 372,994 400,356 460,496 542,160 933,839

. *76,304 710,290 59.300 63,000 79,400 85.400 90,700 92,824 90,030

' 97,273 124,576 154,872 789,611 191,699 197,199 5,200 5.100 15,200 3,304 6,737 8,756 19,1.13 78,580 8 -0 8,000 11,000 2,100 2000 2,900 3,600 3,600 6,341 3,662 3.816 5,007 6,333 9,066 9,551 9,945 244,900 223,900 268,700 277.300 266,400 215,509 199,383 223,503 246,330 255,888 799,805 329,788 362,767 71,000 21,100 15.100 17,900 15,100 16,684 26,276 13,254 12,468 25,718 12200 23,000 20000 19,884 30,341 24,851 28 ,732 38,701 53,714 48,906 63,754 52,992 71.189 94,957 114,767 109.370 1 Includes Office of Economic Opportunity, Indian Wooden, App. Walton Regional Development, Department of Labor, NYC inechool work support, and Had Start Preschool. 2 Includes smell amounts for National Defense Education Act loons to whets einnentarynecondary schools. 3 Includes SisePletnentel centers, school lamely mitarian. strengthening State education agencies, optioned film' for the ded, dwerninadon of information, school counseling and tasting, American Printing Howe for the Blind, planning and enervation, National Aeronautics and Space Adninbinetion elementarmosndery ochoolo program, and Civil Rights technical assittenca. 4 Include Elementary and Secondary Education Act, TitleI, handicapped children, dropout prevention, bilingual education, Kendall School for the Deaf. and Model School for the Deaf. 3 Includes District of Columble,Carol Zone, territories end depandencies,Cuben reforms, and Olymente In lieuof Wm by the Atomic Energy Comm inion and the Tennessee Valley Authority. Inductee elementnyeecondery programs of the National Science Foundation, National Foundation on the Arts and the Numenitise. Gagartrnent of Defense, Junior ROTC, and National Aeronautic' and Space Administration; also, Office of Child Development programs not included elsewhere, and Office of Education programs and expenditures not otherwise included. 7 Deo are horn Federal flume for Research. Development, and Other Scientific Activities,annual publication, National Science Foundation. Includes univenitrocenned research canton. 1974 amounts are estinsUrd by the Office of Education at 19 wont increase over 1973 level: 9 Includes adult emotional education and mondani,training ;rowans. 19 Includes Office of Education, ACtiOn, Social and Rehabilitation Service. Deportment of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Economic Development, and additional programs for continuing OdUCBtIon. 11 Includes National Defense Education Act and Insured student lame. 17 Indio:Os Department of limning and Urban Development college homing loans and Office of Education college facilities loans. 13 Includes Lasrary of Comma, Smitheonieln Institution, General Services Administration. National ArcNves and Records Service, National Agricultural Library. Omiiranal Library of Medicine, and Government Printing Office depository lorry and catalog and index activities. 14 Includes Office of Education rid education programs and administration sumndituras not otherwise Indvded. NOTE.-Because of the exclusion of ors programs and became data are bead on Federal disbursement rather then on the authority to spend, the figures since 1988 are not strictly comparable with those for earlier yews. SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Edurstionel Statistics, Office of Education, US. Depertrrwst of Health, Education, and Welfare, from information collected by the Office of Management and Budget for Its repot AsecielArralWer. Budget of the United Shore, Flint year 1974. Reword' data ere from Federof Funds for Research. Dm:loomed. aid Oda, Scientific activities, Vol. XXI, National Science Foundation.
Toblo139.-Summory of Federal funds for rasoarch, development, end R&D Mont: Hoed yews 1971,1972. and 1973

tin millions of dollars)

Item Actual 1971 Estimates Item Actual 1971 Eggnog=

1972 1973 1972 1973

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Tote/ expenditures for reeerch, dembremente and R&D =me $15,8112.4 1111.733. $17,3211.9

Basic ,assent- Continued

Other domestic performers $19.2 $20.6 $223

Foreign 7.9 12.1 20.1 15,379.7- Resserch and development 16.093.6 15.832.4 R&D Plant 612.7 640.3 894.5 Fields of science Life =owes 695.7 778.6 814.2 18,1801 17,016.3 181281

Total obligetions for resserch,

development. and R&D pint Prycbolosy

Physical science' 48.8

743.4 67.5 769.8 622

8712 Environmental edemas 392.7 456.8 467.4 Research and development 16,549.5 161208 17,790.8 Met/mat= 52.3 60.4 69.7 Engineering 210.7 225.5 208.8 Tool rewards 6.1502 6.749A 7,296.9 Social sciences 89.6 80.6 106.3 Other Weems 102 7.6 14.3 Basic remerch 2.1322 2,3052 21043

Applied ,,search 4,0172 4,3542 4,6921 Applied research Performers Dew= IsmI01 9,3993 10071.5 10,4938 Folderol Intramurut 1,498.5 1,894.1 1,082.7

Industrie ferns 1,214A 1335.7 1.3023

R&D pied 6112 604.4 8352 FFRDCs administered by Industril

firms 44.4 45.9 50.1 Research and development Universities end colleges 701.3 844.0 929.1 Perform= FFRDC's administered by univenities Federal intrernuroll 4,1668 4800.1 4.602.8 and colleges 1388 155.4 165.8

Industrial firms 7,630.5 8,120.6 8,8828 Nonprofit institutions 2412 2812 2382

FFROC's2 administered by Industrial FFRDCs administered by nonprofit

firms 480.2 515.1 563.3 inetitutions 50.2 46.7 65.8 Universities and colleges 1,6448 1,915.3 2,126.1 Other domestic perform= 813 1012 1228

FFRDCs administered by universitia Foreign 44.8 50.1 55.6 and colleps 7288 782.7 8178

Nonprofit institutions 4858 510.3 4542 Fields of ecience F F ROC, administered by nonprofit Life sciences 1,077.6 1,2292 1,3111

Institutions 2102 197.4 207.5 Psychology 062 83.0 1128 Other domestic performers 141.1 187.5 227.5 /Tried sciences 290.2 346.5 2233

Foreign I 63.1 82.8 93.6 Emiromnentel edema 284.8 308.7 3372

PAinhernetice 09.5 78.3 82.5 Research Engineering 1,8911 1,937.7 2,0493 Performers Social sciences 236.1 249.9 298/

Faders, intramural/ 2,0332 2,1719 2.273.0 Other =en= 92.3 1210 173.2

industrial firms 1,6262 1/052 11138

FFRDC's administered by Industrial Development

firms 75.7 762 80.5 Performers Univweities end college 1,496.7 1,757A 1,963.1 Federal intramural 2,132A 2237.1 2.324.7 FFRDCs admire end by universities Industrial firm 6,003.6 6,415A 6,7090

and colleges 3982 442.0 487.1 FFROCe admkbletered by Industrial

Nonprofit institutions 314.3 300.5 320.3 ftrms 404.5 4382 472.8 FF ROC' edministered by nonprofit Universities and colleges 148.8 1572 1732

India:lone 52.4 622 87.7 FF ADCs =minicar= by universities

Other dorrestic performers 100.5 121.8 145.6 end college 330.0 340.7 3508

Foreign 52.7 62.2 75.7 Nonprofit institutions 171.3 149.8 1832

FFRDC's administered by nonprofit

Fields of =once institutions 157.8 1452 139.7

Life sciences 1,6732 1,967.6 2,1262 Other domestic performers 40.5 65.8 819

Pr/dwarf 116.7 140.5 144.6 Foreign 10.4 20.7 172

Physical KWIC'S 1,0428 1,118.1 1,2309 Environmental sciences 677.5 764.3 8048 R&D Plant Methemetics 121.7 138.7 1422 Performers supported

Ens/inswing 2,1112 2,1632 2,258.1 Federal Intramural 200.0 272.6 3901

Social edema 306.7 330.5 403.0 Industrial ferns 56.8 92.5 102.0 Other sciences 102.6 128.6 187.5 FF RM.' administered by industrial

firms 110.6 84.6 88.8 Basic research Universities end colleges 492 540 60.2 Performers FF RDCs administabd by universities

Federal intramural 534.6

I 577.9 590.3 end colleges 178.7 132.8 144A =burial firms 412.5 seal 521.3 Nonprofit institutions 2.5 19.7 31.1 FFRDCs administered by Industrial FFRDC's administered by nonprofit

firms 292 30.3 30.4 institutions 3.3 38 6.5 Universities and colleges 794.4 913A 12242 Other domestic performers 12 S.7 2.5 FFROC's administered by universities Foreign 8.9 2.5 2.8

and colleges 260.0 288.5 301.3 Nonprofit institutions 72A 79.3 82.3 FFRDCe administered by nonprofit

institutions 2.1 5.5 11.9

I intramural activities cover COM associated with the administration of SOURCE: National Science Foundotion, Federal Funds for Research.

intramural and eureamurel program by Federal personnel as well as actual Development, and Other &lead* Ackfwea, Vol. XXI.

intramural performance.

2 Federally Funded Research and DevIllioPment Cantors.

126
Table 140.Fdlovedgp. trainees*, ind 11skilhy grant pogroms of F.dss arvaiss: Expendllens end omelet $ portdperdel Fiscal yew 1972

Amoy and program

Amount repended

ithousends) Number of DOWPens

(thouum

Ageno and Program

Amount expended

Idieueends/ Number of partici.Polo

Ithousend6

1 2 3 1 2 3

0ortsont of NOM, Ideation. and Milo Orsertmem of Justin Office of Education: Los Enforcement Administrationstudent support .. $28,1308 80

College teacher fellooMps 953,782 8

Educadon protonic. development 94.335 (2) Depsomni of Tramportetim

ChM rights veining 4 . 11.1511 1,109

Enigma:nay school aid training grams 11.213 100 Urban Mot Transportation Administrationstudent

Education personnel toinIngfondicePied support 900 121 education 24,195 22 Education personnel trainingvocational Aaron

acksetion 10,000 60

Education peroonnel trainingadult odurtion MOO 3 Eduorion personnel waning in (1) National Institutes of Health: institutional and student support 3,368 (2)

Health nopoluerInstitutions' and student

support 3011.2211 110 Monk Energy Conwsleion

Other NINinstitutional and student support 177,41? 29 North Services and Mental Health Administration: Student support 618 2

Training granb and feihroripsinstitutional Education personnel reining 922 (2)

and student support 1114135 9

Various mopomerInstitutional end student InvIromsentel Protection Agway

support 30,002 2

Vial** merspowereducstion personnel training 121 I institutional and student support 6.641 (2)

Office of Child Devolaperonteducadon personnel

training 11.198 600 Reiland Awevensiise and keen

Modal School Jor die Deleducadon personnel Adoinisnation

oink'. 102 (2)

Food and Drug Adrninistrstionedutation personnel institutions' end student support 4,372 1

training 1,381 (2)

Department of the Interior

Netional Foundation on the Are and

doe Nemanides Woo of Indian Affeineducation personnel Student support 140 (2)

training 540 2 Education personnel training 3,576 1 Department of Noosing and Urban Development National Saloon Foundation Model cities Institutions' support 15,585 (2) Education personnel training and student support ... 80,430 40

Community development student support 478 42) 1 Dollar amounts and number of participants may not be comPeraNe because

of norm:sponse lot some items.

2 Dote not reported.

SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational Statistics, Office of

Education. U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Wallace. from

Information obtained from the Office of Manermant end Budget for Special

Ansfieso Budget of es' third awes, Flagg Year 1974.

127'
Table 141. -Federal funds toState and local governments for elementary end mcondery education, byagency end byState: Fbeel year ion (Inthousands of dollars] State or other area Total Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Department of Office of Agriculture3Education! Office of Child DivelOPment2

1234

6 Total $4,6111,313 83,292,581 8201,791 81,188931 Nixon' 121.58 C80,702 5,720 35,161Alaska 31,309 28,916 940 1,453 Arizona 52.348 30,632 3,677 10,039 Arkansas 66.787 44,529 2,921 18,337 California 415,201 323,043 15,076 77,062 Colorado 52,848 38,772 2921 11,165 Connecticut 41,387 29,856 1,593 9,928 Delaware 13.120 9,568 592 2,970 District of Columbia 31,624 20,470 3,126 8,028 Florida 147,343 96,256 8,905 44,183 Georgia 141,066 92,367 3,148 45,543 Has ail 25,085 19,548 1,328 4,211 Idaho 16,829 12,265 940 3,424 'Illinois 187,534 127,728 8,151 51,655 Indiana 74,180 46,728 7,880 24,572 Iowa 52,207 33,480 1,818 16,909 Kansas 48685 33,433 2,513 10,939 KentUCky 103,577 67,643 5,863 30,071 Louisiana 115,418 88,396 4,984 42,038 Maine 22,858 15,798 1,001 6,061 Maryland 91,776 69,487 2,268 20,021 Manachusetts 95,711 66,569 4,412 25,740 Michigan 142,227 103,542 5,148 33,537 Minnesota 71,319 45,644 2,206 23,489 Mississippi 119,180 68,781 21,225 29,154 Missouri 87,684 59,251 4,678 23,735 Montana 23,131 15,883 1.246 2992 Nebraska 29,689 10,798 1,124 7,767 Nevada 9,932 7,959 388 1,6015 New Hampshire 12,848 9,175 552 3,121 New Jamey 126,433 96,146 5679 24,695 New Mexico 47,143 34,841 1,982 10,320 New York 412,967 312,926 15,137 84,904 North Carolina 166,870 112,293 6,251 48,326 North Dakota 21,058 16,168 854 4,236 Ohio 156,798 101,887 5,761 49,148 Oldahome 67,769 47,164 3,750 16646 Oregon 38,874 27.1360 5,124 9,690 PennsyMinia 206,253 154,535 6,128 45,690 Rhode Island 19,871 15,864 672 3,635 South C.erolina 102,263 69,184 3,738 29,331 South Dakota 23,875 18,392 960 4,523 TO011415$113 107,990 70,678 4,249 33,063 Texas 280,887 195,822 10,030 75,215 Utah 27,479 19,194 1,042 7,243 Vermont 9,344 8,584 511 2,249 Virginia 139,623 103,752 3,044 33,027 Washington 85,215 48,553 2,478 14,184 West Virginia 50,776 33,531 2,206 15,039 Wisconsin 83,724 42,044 2,033 19,647 Wyoming 9,919 8,035 327 1,567 Puerto Rico 85,000 63,814 4,048 27,138 Virgin Islands 2,872 1,524 429 919 Other territories 9,939 7,986 347 1,808 Induce.* elernentaripsecondon, and occupational, vocational. and adult education amounts from table 144 and amounts for handicapped children, elementerystecondary education.

2Data from Federal Aid toStates, Fiscal Year 1972, Department ofthe Treasury. 3lndudes amounts for National School Lunch Program, Special Milk Program (Schools), School Breakfast Program, Cost of Commodities to Schools, and Nonfood Assistance. NOTE.-Date combine "obligated" amounts for the Office of Education and expenditures for other agendas. SOURCE: National Center for Educational Statis- tics, Office of Education, US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. 128'
Table 142.-Office of Education expenditures, by legislative progrwn: Fiscal yews 1960 to 1974 [In thousands of dollars] Legislative pregame 1960 1962 1964 1966 1968 1970 1971 1972 19735 19741 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total 18469,9135 $647,408 $673,005 82324,429 40313,478 114,111,598 64,543,641 84.903.711 154,818.861 84.1595.084 Elementary and Secondary Education Act2 811 1,247 1,848 818,962 1.327,723 1.412,949 1.743.115 1335.564 1.798,028 613,869 The I. I'ducationally deprived children 7469434 1,049.116 31,170,355 1.518.210 1,570388 1,500,004 411.000 Tide II. Library resources 47,871 91,054 44,670 65,253 74.648 75,800 69,963 This III. Supplementary education cantors 10,938 161,256 158,781 112,071 122.527 142,270 53.191 Title V. Strengthening State departments of education.; 811 1,217 1,648 11,269 26,297 29347 28.545 32,879 33,338 10,862 This VII. Bilingual education 6.192 20,876 26.010 38,708 40,066 Tide VIII. Dropout prevention 3,704 8,160 9,112 9,910 8,887 School assistance in federally affected ante 258,198 282 909 334,289 409. 503 506.372 656,372 527.043 648,608 467,452 130,910 Maintenance and operation 174,850 226,419 283.688 353,861 470,887 620.463 506,851 628,305 442.248 106,235 Construction 83,348 56,490 50,801 56, 742 35 .485 35,909 20,192 20.303 26.204 24,675 Higher Education Act 35,232 385,884 531,090 853,307 772.707 943,042 1,451,307 Tide I. Jniversity community services 3.928 9.897 10,889 10,963 9 .518 5,894 Title II. Library programs:5 College library resources 48,906 343133 5398 3.913 10.973 8,298 Library training 11,381 7.005 4,769 2.469 2.678 3,597 Acquisition end cataloging by Library of Congress 300 5,478 5.721 7.079 Title III. Strengthening developing institutions 22.428 27,731 35,894 35.766 50.000 77,577 Title IV. Student assistance: Equal opportunity grants 103,104 142.517 160,676 187.600 218.267 6634,704 Work-study program and cooperative education 30.534 111,812 172,075 191,665 251,997 268.513 263,535 Insured loans 28,947 98,330 150.398 201,321 246,945 294,710 Student loans insurance fund 2,323 11,035 26.689 46,167 5'300 Title V. Teacher Cone 382 18,019 18,191 28.761 23,887 40,813 3'365 Tide VI. Undergraduate instructional assistance: Television and other equipment 5,415 4,968 2,258 5.684 10,258 3,990 Special programs for disadvantaged -Talent Search. Special Services, Upward Bound . . 10 2,497 7,437 44,215 43.963 52,734 70,331 Higher Education Facilities Act 105,528 481,965 437.387 340,033 212628 134.545 100.838 Title I. public community colleges and technical institutes and other undergraduate facilities 48.739 317.063 317,227 277.1390 180.700 105,834 71,362 State administration and planning 1.675 5.066 5.961 5.540 7,221 3.550 2.900 Major disaster area. 147 200 Tide II. Graduate facilities 4,220 37,970 Title III. College construction loans 50,892 101,719 " 114.199 58.802 24,488 14,3131 18,578 Construction loans interest subsidization 1 39 10.000 20,000 Vocational ockeation7 45,179 51.782 54,503 128,468 , 255.224 285.568 370.954 430.722 453,265 251,612 Vocational Education Act of 1963 George-Barden and supplemental acts 45,179 51,782 54,503 118,396 250,197 271.282 328.087 370.619 384,910 202.819 Smith-Hughes Act Work-study program and cooperative education 10,072 5,027 5,322 18.011 24.256 25,110 16,291 Innovative programs In vocational education and research 1,593 8,801 13.777 18,958 16,592 National advisory councils 94 271 321 324 69 State advisory camel's 2,218 2474 2.668 2,490 93 Consumer and homemaking education 5.069 15,310 19,091 23,273 15,848
by ingsendituns. Education of 142.-anice Tahiti 

04914844 - 101974 1990 Yon Fbicd laIblebe 

&ban] of thousands [In 

moron% Legidathe 

i 

1971 1970 1989 1906 1964 1962 1960 

8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 

93,541 104.1571 60,271 42,147 13,969 13.993 5.883 deselownent professions Education 

Nadler escondny and Elemontary 63.078 72.924 59,317 42,147 13988 13,803 5,883 Programs° training 

grants training secondary and elenseritery, Preatisock Stan to 

22,526 21,500 

7938 10,247 1,584 programs training education Higher 

12,270 52,187 62.017 40,915 7,443 6932 6056 Act Construction and Services Library Public 

37,637 33.499 34.308 25,000 7,443 6,932 6.056 services library Public 

12.798 17,827 25,815 15915 Construction 

1.945 1.871 LOW cooperation Interlibrary 

40.966 15,388 4,082 tie: 380 

- 

96.146 79,065 handicapped the for improvement Educational 

29,280 31.073 7.887 handicapped the for Education 

renuitment and education Teacher 

deelblirsland (includes innovation end lissaarch 

canard resource 

2,488 943 308 

19111 

10.448 

3,227 

24.162 

8,277 

31,219 

12,515 

27,356 

20,057 

5,079 4,258 149 1,831 1,500 245 72 larvicas media and films Captioned 

2,754 education ddidhood Early 

330,783 332,596 370,034 320.172 216,338 158,801 117,966 Act Education Defense National 

231,706 194,620 182,825 194 177 111,729 74,532 40,326 cancellations and loans Student II. Title 

assistance: Instructional III. Tide 

44,647 56,547 86.916 76,175 68,131 39.510 49948 loans, and Giants 

40,884 63,515 50,160 31.974 19,680 17.313 4,620 fellowships leachar Collage IV Title 

23,693 22.017 13,710 14064 12,870 tasting and counseling, ca, Guide V. Tide 

development:11 Loolarage T111111/1- 

13,546 16,313 17.660 12,612 15,088 13,382 10,301 search and fellowships, centers. use said Languid* 

79,955 31,245 12,712 7,481 5,004 d.dweloprnesst ar Research 

- 

87,823 I114,905 

8929 UM 4,832 resserch and Training 

333 Construction 3,582 1,917 

made educational and development and Rasarch and research 

education in march for amounts (includes domination 

ranevad proP041013 31,245 12,712 7,461 6,004 

104,394 79,170 74,790 

7,018 43,464 28.701 33,616 basic Adult aducation10 

9,132 10,608 7,437 5,291 actin** rights Civil 

2.680 21.981 14,600 14,500 14,500 10.744 5,062 coilapt landgrant 

sharing menus Education 

Abuse Drug 

program-training, Currency foreign Spacial study and research 

(grants American to 

,749 774 857 500 138 6 overused institutions 

5,590 4,163 0106 tocili broockasting Educational 

Through Follow 

1,239 assistance school [moronity 

Whelk* inducing expenses and salads, Education of Office 

8,170 47,714 40,905 25,901 14,251 nog 11,608 evaluation and planning and services 

7,745 accounts expired Misorlinwous 

-207 +2904 -9,325 -1,026 '-1.768 -202 +29 reimbursement. and advances Fund-net Working Consolidated 

, 
Expinditom ban fun& tenderred tothe Moot Edmonton * Other Foi brat egsnth.:17 Ilencioval Othelocenent and TrainingAsti I Educetionel tethrision Wades Mutat euchring. *Weide" Ralston currency/10 Appdachisn Ramie* Ovalopment end TrethingAct20 Cuban Refugee Prawn Office of Economic Opponunity13 Cone° Woad Working Funthervis outlay 62 6,196 34100 84.777 1.962 9.603 2280 76..883 532 41,42 9.302 64/781 10.616 1 Emulated. 2 Tifie VI for toduortion of the Pandit:upped is not included hen' butIs included under "Educational Irnpriornent for the handlcapped" "Nutrition end Haelth" Included in "Reeserch end !1331.041 woo tiefroitionhel000dsrli Nhoolexcemtetuna from expired accounts. ' Includes Tide X. National Defense Educedon Act INDEA). Amounts for otiliegi awe imProvernent are included under resserch end development. Include" Oak Educe% oriel Opportunity Grants. Amounts for ethationiti retrench are included undo. march end etorelopmstn. 3 Includes funds for nacher training institutes lefter 1989) provided under the National Foundation on the Are end the Numenities Actand ROZA. 9 Includes *Nana under the Nettonel Foundation on the Arts andthe HurnanItise Act 10 Include" "Elionder" fellitheltiOL 11 Includes Fulbright4teys Att. 12 Includes usual.' to the Ketone' Institute of Education. 99,451 6,737 1,434 21.763 16411110 886 11.396 121A610 930 27,129 19,4118 36,234 6.166 141,529 944 37.906 10.861 47.280 66.000 170,600 en 2136,640 19.110 78.096 3.377 13 Inchades arrouems for col*. ItionV inthrosethent and vOtheond stimerth ire 'theta+ to other R. & D. funds. t4 Includes "Nutrition end ItesIth." 19 Includes amounts for adult vocations, education end edit woostianthedthatkin Nether mining. IA Amorritt fat this eetMty toOPormid with transferred funds pier to 1969. ' Amount' hued below are not Included in the Office of Education espandituni tooth IS Includes amounts for Area Redrieliannent 19 Intim*, Educutionel Enehontp. " Funds transferred prior to 1967 we Included M lire C011110eidilid RatlineFund. 21 ANo ineludee Dthelopment FadlItiet. Economic Dthaloprriern Assistance. Ompthrnant of Commtfo 191061 thoottrck Regions; Dethiopment Proerents. Rethonel Action. finning Commiation 1$3,319 thousand): end Military Construction, Amu ($470 thathand). 22 Soma 0E0 trensfws duo included in the Comolitheml Working Fund. 1101NICE: Compiled by the NUMMI Canter for Education'. Statistics and the Office ol Administration. Office of Educedon. 77E. Deperenentof Health. Education. end VOtifeni.
0 26°9 il°1! F.325! WOV OW 5"10 iflp !ELT rEly PAW. g 1:415 !ME P. t!!ii 6"" "Si" """ r. 5 Jill 0 a i541 E52k §444 RAH= 41R4 k4"! 4RIZR =U °Par "1 n V8. a it 52183 IFIIR 1a R8 Rpf6 150Ri nra Ping! °Ir 5 ii1i: WI! ;NN 5!!! UM WI! !Wig 0.1 o114 ilt 12gti aSB f.1553 kkiR2 F.23" Viki." "alp 5r-35E °°° k rirp 00021t 005/0 F4ilig 00000 5440 F0 8 0 IDOp 00490 000 1%1 1!4°A MAR WIR - "c "an= RUE.: RMA WRA 101AR 5/RE.5 Akr1^ "° Innpi v. ved on it 6 (WS SR48R §R2RO tpRR spin triute Eosti; fiiE A 42§45 ;;u0s8 n la a g- P N i !am WU MAI URAA 445R PIT. KW ;RM RA 4R ci2 A RE.44A AMR a4P1E RZ4 44-04 FLEW 1R2 '' -walti "; 2°RA1 rzams- n /42- RS s'=7-, --- 744L4 I R SR 27,72V A'S"
Table 144.-Fedend funds °bawled by the Office of Education, by program area and by State:

Fiatal year 1972

State or other area To lel Elementarysecondary education Occupational,

and adult

'due to H lobo education' Education

for the

handicapped Education

personnel

developmant Public

librarin COMO

1 , 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total $4,825,4S1 63,645,298 86531564 $1,217,644 8171,367 8148.758 N. ',729 832,153

Nabarna 115,803 67,113 12,313 29,183 3,035 2,820 1.036 133 Alaska 32.456 27.384 1.352 2,020 470 546 484 220 Arizona 53103 32,324 5,863 11 .491 1,768 1,648 572 237 Arkansas 80,122 36.492 6.758 13115 1,524 606 720 407

California 463,900 276,763 41,802 113,947 10,848 13185 4,473 2,884

Colorado 81,950 30,960 8,408 16,012 3,863 3.673 736 398 Connecticut 50,552 21.945 6,239 15,434 2,805 2,204 945 969 Oskratare 13,963 7,000 1,781 3,389 878 532 337 56 District of Columbia 40,902 17,499 2.218 10,250 6,241 3,27! 566 1,862

Florida 140,189 77,602 16,409 32139 3,430 8,758 1,501 1,760

Georg' 127,885 76,507 05,532 28,170 2,768 4,389 1,248 273 Hawed 26,471 16,461 2.873 4,539 800 659 466 73

Idaho 18,583 9,091 2,837 4,372 605 1,104 482 92

Winch 195,373 99,223 23,576 56,341 7,784 4,399 2,538 1.614

Indiana 81,479 30128 13,201 26,807 5,012 3,104 1,234 1,293

Iowa 57,182 24,377 7.927 19,502 2,726 1,694 792 264 Kansas 54,926 25,624 6,618 16,208 3,148 2,474 785 171 Kentucky 94,242 55,431 11,118 21,115 2,492 2,987 1,074 25 Louisiana 97,429 53,419 12918 25,161 2,578 2,239 1,068 58 Maine 22.783 11,816 3,328 6,485 951 565 518 131 Maryland 92,909 56.108 9,171 18,360 2,595 1,344 1,114 1,217 Massachusetts 116,538 49,856 12,260 42,268 6,9E1 3102 1,308 253 Michigan 163.137 77,877 21.235 47.948 7,708 5,566 2,279 624 Minnesota 75.284 34,057 10,005 24,321 3,206 1,619 1.118 939 Mississippi 93,108 69,197 8,782 20,789 1,730 1,454 778 378 Missouri 92548 44.697 12,148 28,343 3,391 2,042 1,180 745 Montana 25,903 12,834 2,650 7,785 608 1,237 568 205 Nebraska 34,363 16,142 4,094 9,1197 1,301 1,785 633 831 Nevada 11,637 6,180 1,464 2,275 562 470 520 16u New HamPilif* 16,350 6,410 2,321 6,559 588 628 588 278 New Jersey 129,799 76,152 16.668 25,777 5,105 3,879 1.757 1,581

New Mexico 49159 30,549 3,773 9,703 2,130 2,556 517 631 New York 430,191 265,925 38,830 94,071 113,988 9,805 3,938 2,636

North Cardin' 158,540 91,688 17,726 39,110 4,628 3,948 1,230 210 North Dakota 25,065 12959 2,996 8,169 718 1,951 440 132 Ohio 164,228 72,386 28,961 51,362 4,244 5,331 2,445 1,499

Oklahoma 69,015 37,987 8,220 19,003 1,386 1,519 333 207 Oregon 51,127 20,788 5,859 17,580 2985 2935 724 246 Pennsylvania 221,944 118,733 29,133 55,141 9,904 4,955 2918 1,182 Rhode Island 24,071 12,393 2,869 6,731 874 783 611 110 South Carolina 92,084 57,779 10,019 19,153 1,720 2,246 824 343 South Dakota 28,020 15,461 2,540 6,692 622 2,068 472 165 Tennessee 104,414 66,431 12.871 27,427 3,047 3,211 1,178 249 Texas 276,735 167,474 33,903 62,720 8,248 3,791 2,800 1901 Utah 32.154 14,994 3,675 8,932 2,163 1,350 638 402

Vermont 12.851 4,375 1,717 4,370 778 938 405 270 Virginia 130,376 87,639 14,561 20,839 3,667 2,228 1,129 323 Washington 76,942 37,894 8,806 20.803 3,146 3,521 1,062 691 West Vitginia 49.122 26.526 6,232 13,204 1,269 904 767 220 Wisconsin 77,024 28,008 11,522 29,348 3,917 2,633 1,046 549 Wyoming 12,006 6,074 1,694 2,986 709 187 4013 50 Amarican Samoa 1,164 706 197 22 120 26 75 10 Guam 5966 4,257 51,0 904 174 40 65 18 Puerto Rico 68,882 42,282 40,521 11,124 1,409 1,500 973 1,076

Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 2,316 1,643 400 6 130 25 111 Virgin Islands 3,279 1,188 256 1,552 80 60 103 50 1 Doss not Include student assistance sutaldized loans and student

loan insurance fund.

2 Educational Broadcasting Facilities, Enykonments1 Education,

Educational Statistics.

133

SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational

Stathrtics, Office of Education, U.S. Deparbnent of Health,

Education, and Welfare, from Office of Education Budget Division

tabulations.
Table 145.-Offlos of Education funds obligated for instructions materials and equipment. by PM's=

Flied year 1971

[In thousands of dollars]

Program Total

Instructional materials Instructional

aquipment

Printed and published metariels Audio- vim,

nvierleb

Audio- visual Other Boob Other

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 Total 14357.231 $71,581 8101,735 $47275 1116U5111 661,001

Elernentory and secondary education activities:

Assistance for educationally deprived delidren

(Elementary and decondary Education Act,

This 1) 119,000 8,500 68,000 10,500 12,000 20,000

School library mated* (Elementary and

Secondary Education Act, Title 111 85,000 41,000 2,400 21.800 Supplementary educational centers and services

(Elementary end Secondary Education Act,

Title 111) 8,253 (I) 2,390 1.957 3,908

Indructional assistance (National Defame

Education Act, Title 1111 48,510 (1) 7,596 5.895 33.220 12) Vocational education 73,828 7,020 11,030 130 190 55,258 Adult basic education 5.298 4,870 10 18 830

Improvement of undergraduate Instruction (Higher

Education Act) 7,000 600 200 800 2,000 3,500

Library and community services:

Public library services 8,880 6,580 MO 1,000 330 870 Community services and continuing education

Program (Higher Education Act. Thee it 419 8 300 100 3 10

Library resources (Higher Education Act,

Title II) 9.900 8,732 496 2,873

Educational Improvement for the handicapped: Teacher education 306 85 66 90 50 15 Research and demonstration 180 10 76 25 40 10 Captioned films for the deaf and media tanricers 2,155 25 130 1,500 500 Emergency school assistance 10:745 1,103 4,106 1,195 1,401 2,940

- 1 Funds for books cannot be distinguished and are

inducted In column 4. 2 Funds for other equipment cannot be distinguished

and are inducted with audiovisual equipment.

134

SOURCE: Special tabulation by the Budget Division.

Office of Planning. Budgeting. and Evaluation, Office

of Education. U.S. Department of Health. Education. and Watfam.
CHAPTER V

Selected Statistics Related to Education

in the United States

This chapter consists of a collection of miscellaneous tables which do not fit readily into one of the

other chapters. They were selected because they are

closely related to education in the United States and

are of general interest. They are arranged in six major

categories: (I) Employment status and job opportunities of persons completing educational programs

and of school dropouts, (2) international education,

(3) library and public television statistics, (4) research

and development, (5) equal educational opportunity,

and (6) National Assessment of Educational Progress.

Included in the first group of tables are data from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the employment of

recent high school and college graduates and dropouts. Other tables provide information from the

College Placement Council on the salaries, offered

candidates for bachelor's, master's, and doctor's

degrees.

The section on international education contains

data from the Institute of International Education on

American college students and college faculty abroad

and an foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education. Also included is a table

showing Office of Education data on the enrollment

of foreign students in each State in the fall of 1968.

Two other tables provide statistics from the United

Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on population and school enrollment for the world, the continents, and selected

countries. The figures in these latter tables show

general magnitudes only, but they are suitable for

making rough comparisons among countries. The

enrollment estimates were prepared in a variety of

ways and for different years, and the enrollment

135

groupings by level are not strictly comparable from

one country to another.

The third group of tables contains Office of

Education statistics on public libraries, college and

university libraries, and public television stations.

Also included are data from Publisher's Weekly and

the Library Journal on trends in the prices of books

and periodicals. A table providing Bureau of Labor

Statistics estimates of the number of librarians in the

country hai been added to the section this year.

The fourth group of tables relates to the general

area of research and development. Included is a table

showing the number and median salary of scientists

on the National Science Foundation's National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel by field and

by type of employer. Another table contains Office

of Education estimates of expenditures for educational research. Other tables, utilizing data obtained

from the National Science Foundation, show the

amounts and sources of funds used for research and

development. Statistics on Federal funds for research

and development are not included in this section but

may be found in chapter N.

The next group of tables presents statistics from

the Commissioner's report on Equality of Educational Opportunity, released by the Office of Education in 1966, and from recent data distributed by the

Office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and

Welfare.

The final group of tables was derived from the

National Assessment of Educational Progress. Summary data are presented on the performance of

persons in various age groups in the areas of writing,

citizenship, science, reading, and literature.
Table 146.-College enrollment and labor force status of 1972 high It hool graduates, by 'ex, color,

and marital status of women: United States, October 1972

(Numbers in thousands]

Item

Civilian nonInstitutional population Civilian labor force Not In

labor Number force As percent

of

population

Employed

Unemployed Number Percent Number As percent of &Allen labor force

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 V 9 Both MUSS Total 2,961 100.0 1,708 80.4 1,843 245 13,7 1,173 Vallee 2,614 88.3 1,603 81.3 10118 105 11,6 1,011

Negro end other' real 347 11.7 186 63.3 125 60 32.4 162 Enrolled In college 1,457 49.2 651 37.8 488 63 11.4 908

Fullilme 1,368 48.1 477 31.9 416 61 12.8 889 Pertilme 91 3,1 74 81.3 72 2 III 17 Not enrolled In waive

then

1,504 50.8 1,227 .. 82.2 1.066 182 14.7 287 Total '.. 1,420 100.0 921 64.9 909 112 12.8 MG

Enrolled In college 749 52.7 209 41.3 272 37 12.0 440

Not enrolled In college 871 47.3 612 91.2 637 76 12.3 --- - -- -

58 Women .. Total 1,941 100.0 867 56.3 734 133 15.3 ' 674 Enrolled in allege 708 45.9 242 34.2 218 28 10.7 486

Not enrolled in college 833 64.1 825 . 76.0 - . . 518 107 17.1 208 Single 675 43.8 638 79.4 449 87 16.2 139 Married and other marital etatus2 158 10.3 80 56.3 69 20 22.5 ea

I Percent not shown when base Is Ins than 75,000.

2 Includes widowed, divorced, and separated women.

NOTE.-Data are for the civilian nonInstItutIonal population 16 to 24 yews of age. Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor Review, June 1973.

136
Table 147.-Employment status of 1972 high school weduetes not enrolled In college and of 1971-72 school dropouts,

by sex, color, and marital status of women: United Shan, October 1972

(Numbers in thousands)

I

Item

CNIllen noninstItutiond

population

Civilian labor force Net In labor force Number Parent Number As percent

of

population

Employed

Unemployed

Total In special Number As percent of schools civilian labor force

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10

1972 high school graduates not

enrodad In college

Total 1,604 100.0 1 ,237 82.2 1,066 182 14.7 287 87 Men 671 44.8 612 91.2 537 75 12.3 59 17 Women 833 55.4 625 75.0 518 107 17.1 208 70 Single 675 44.9 636 79.4 449 87 18.2 139 II) Marled and other marital status2 168 1U.b 89 58.3 69 20 22.5 89 II) White 1,322 87.9 1,098 83.1 964 134 12.2 224 76 Negro and other races 182 12.1 139 76.4 91 48 34.5 43 11 1971-72 school dropouts3

Toter. 730 100.0 457 62.6 336 121 265 273 32 Men 371 50.8 305 82.2 234 71 23.3 66 14 Women 359 49.2 152 42.3 102 50 32.9 207 18 Since* 202 27.7 111 55.0 75 36 32.4 91 17 Monied and other marital status2 167 21.6 41 26.1 27 14 (S) 116 .... VAIN 673 78.6 366 62.0 271 811 23.7 218 18 Negro and other races 157 21.5 102 65.0 85 31 36.3 65 11 Data not available. 2 Includes widowed. divorced, end lepers ted women.

3 Persons who dropped out of school between October 1971 end OCtober 1972. 4 In addition, 112,000 persons 14 and 15 years old dropped out of school.

3 Percent not shown when tow Is less than 75,000.

NOTE.-Data we for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to

24 yarn of ape.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Monthly Labor Rewrote, June 1973.

137
Table 145, -Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled In college, by yew of high school graduation,

and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by sex: United States, October 1972

Percentage distribution of persons 16 to 24 years of age)

Maier occupation woup and sex

Graduates of- Dropouts It attended

school- 1970 1971 1972 1970 1971 1972

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Man AN othespetion weeps: Number Ithoudnds) 091 500 537 210 204 114 Perosne 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1009 100.0 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 2.8 2.6 1.3 2.4 Managers and administrators, except farm 3.3 4.1 1.7 1.9 2,0 .9 Clerical end kindred workers 7.8 7.1 7.1 38 3,4 2.7 Sales workers 4.6 3.7 4.1 5.2 1.5 4.5 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers 28.7 18.3 10.0 15.8 19.2 16.8 Operative' and kindred workers 27.1 37.5 33.1 34.8 27.1 35.8 Laborers, except farm and mine 18.2 10.0 23.3 22.3 29.8 21A

Private household workers 2

Service workers, except private household 8.2 7.4 7.3 8.2 11.3 9.8 Farmers and farm managers .9 a

Farm laborers and forenoon 4.3 3.2 5.8 8.1 6.9 5.4 Women All ocsupeden Wasps: Number Ithothendel 0113 I, . 518 97 79 04 Perms 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 II)

Professional, technical, and kindred workers 5.0 3.2 1.2 1.1 bflerusgen and administrated, except farm 1.8 1.3 .6 1.1 1.3 Clerical and kindred workers 57.2 63.0 45.4 20.0 10.3 Soles workers 7.2 6.6 10.0 8.4 1.3 Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers .8 1.8 Operatives and kindred workers 10.2 14.0 14.9 31.8 29.1$ Laborers, except farrn end mine 1.0 2.0 .8 1.1 Private household workers 2.8 .2 4.2 14.7 12.8

*Nuke workers. except Private household 14.1 18.7 22.2 21.1 39.7 Farmers and farm menages' farm laborers and foremen .1 1.4 .8 1.1 5.1 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

NOTE.-Beceuse of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: US. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor

Force Report No. 156, Employment of High School Graduates and Dropouts. October 1972. Table 149. - Occupation group of employed degree radpiantst by sex: United States, October 1971

[Per mtage distribution)

Occupation group Both

sexes Mon Women Occupation group 1 Both

sexes Mm Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

Toed: Number (in thousands) 1.024 509 425 Managers and administrators, except farm 2.5 32 1.7 Perrone 100.0 100.0 100.0 Sales workers 7.1 11.3 1.7 Clerical end kindred workers 111) 7.1 18,2 Professional end tadmical workers 89.8 882 74.1 Secretries, stenographers, and typical 2.8 ... 8.1 Engineers 6.3 11.1 2 Other clerical workers 9.3 7.1 12,1 Life and physical scientists .8 1.3 2

Health occupations 6.3 4.7 8.1 Craftsmen, foreman, and kindred workers 19 3.4 ... Social 'dentists 2.1 2.1 22 Operatives and kindred workers 1.9 2.8 .5 Teethed. college and university 3.7 6.4 1.5 Laborers, seethe farm and mine .8 1.5 ... Teachers, except college 33.5 209 499 Farmers e-ad farm laborers .8 1.1 ... Engineering end science technicians 1.1 1.1 1.0 Service workers 3.8 3.4 39

Other professional, technical, end

kindred workers 188 19.7 13.1 Der are for persons under age 35 in the civilian noninstitutional population

In October 1971 who received bachelor's or advanced degrees In 1970 or

1971 and who were not enrolled In school full time In October 1971.

SOURCE: US. Department of Leber, Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Employment ofRecent College Graduates, October 1971.

138
Table 150.-Relationship of work of degree recipientsi to me* field of study, end reason for working in slob not directly Mated to fled:

United States, October 1971

(Percentage distribution)

Reistionship and

reason Total

Set of redpient Type of degree Meior field of study Men Women

, Bachelor's All other Business or COMTISM

Education Humanities Social sciences All other

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 REt salorisHiP OF

WCs-,IC TO FIELD

Toed empicrred:

Number (As thouteede) 1,024 899 as 764 3288 178 258 140 11M 250

resent 100.0 1001 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

Directly related 58.1 64.5 63.3 52.0 ... 612 779 , 44A 35.1 67.6

Not directly related OA 46.6 36.7 48.0 ... 48.8 22.1 569 64.9 32.4

Somewhat nested 191 219 14.2 19.7 351 8.3 24A 202 13.8

Not meted 229 23.6 21.9 28.3 ... 129 13.8 31.1 44.7 18.6 MAIN REASON FOR WORK NOT DIRECTLY RELATED Not dins* KlePd:

Newest led dresseals) 429 273 151 316 281 97 67 71 129 81 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (3) 100.0 (3) 100.0 100.0 100.0

Only job could find 44.0 331 61.4 44.6 ... 37.7 ... 361 43.4 39.7

Better opportunities for achenoement

than in major field 12.0 18.4 .7 12.1 ... 182 ... 10.3 11.5 8.2

To see If liked laid of wok 12.0 13$ 9.3 11.6 15.6 ... 11.8 14,2 11.0

Did not went to work in field 6.7 4.1 8.8 49 ... ... 11.8 8.8 5.5

All other 26.3 302 20.0 27A ... 28.6 ... 29.4 22.1 35.6

1 Jets are for persons under age 36 in the civilian noninstitutionel

population In October 1971 who received bachelor's or advanced degrees

In 1970 or 1971 and who were not enrolled In school full time In

October 1971.

2 Origin& source revised by Office of Education.

3 Percent not shown where base Is WS than 75,000.

SOURCE: U.S. Department rat Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics,

Employment of Rccent College Graduates. October 1971.

Table 161. - Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bacelor's degree, by field of study:

United States, 1967-68 to 1972-73

Field of study 1967-68 1968-69 1969-70 1970-71 1971-72 1972-73

Percent recreate

1967-68

to

1972-73

1971-72

to

1022-21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Business and commerce:

Accounting 1889 S761 1838 1846 1854 $887 28.7 3.9

Business. general (including management) 851 687 721 716 726 767 18.3 4.3

Engineering:

Aeronautical 761 811 850 860 884 920 20.9 4.1

Chemical 790 849 902 920 928 982 21.8 3.7

Civil 760 797 821 850 889 908 21.1 4.5

Electrical 774 826 809 877 888 931 20.3 4.8

Industrial 757 802 849 866 871 903 19.3 3.7

Mechanical 768 820 867 8E1 894 927 20.7 3.7

Metallurgical 764 811 873 888 881 921 20.5 4.5

Humanities and social sciences 626 867 700 699 702 718 14.7 2.3

"%rioting end astribution 629 689 702 893 706 740 179 4.8

Sciences:

Agricultural sciences (I) 696 705 700 894 739 (I) 6.5

Chemistry, net= vatic., and Phlaica 728 784 809 794 795 833 14.4 4.8

Chemistry 729 775 825 796 783 843 15.6 7.7

Madternathe 720 779 794 787 795 819 13.8 3.0

Physics 751 803 827 826 818 876 18.8 7.1 1 Data not available.

NOTE.-Date are belied on information supplied by more than 100

participating colleges and universities throughout the country.

SOURCES: College Placement Council Salary Surveys. A Study of

1969-70 Beginning Offers by litalmeesand Industry; and A Study of

1972 -73 asidnribut Offers by Business and Industry. (Copyright 1970

end 1973, respectively, by the College Placement Council, Inc.,

Bethlehem, Pa. All rights reserved.)

139i1
Table 152.-Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study:

United States, 1970-71 to 1972-73

Field of study Muter s dearest Doctor's degree

1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 Percent

increase,

1971-72 to

1972-73

1970-71 1971-72 1972-73 Percentincrease,

1971-72 to

1972-73

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Business administration, industrial

management, or commerce:

After nontechnical undergraduate

degree $1,044 51,057 51,115 5.5 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Al ter technical undergraduate degree 1,111 1,129 1,177 4.3 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Engineering: Chemical 1,064 1,056 1,093 3.6 51,395 51,406 $1,438 2.3 Civil 978 993 1,020 2.7 1.102 1,227 1,298 5.8 Electrical 1,018 1,018 1,067 4.8 1,388 1439 1,508 4.8

Industrial 1,004 1,018 1,056 3.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) Mechanical 1,019 1,033 1,070 3.9 1,278 1,381 1,418 2.7 Sciences: Agriculture and related sciences 877 884 922 4.3 (2) (2) (2) (2)

Chemistry 949 924 980 6.1 1,259 1,290 1,346 4.3 Mathematics 937 927 992 7.0 1,448 1,367 1 ,475 7.9 Physics 929 982 1,059 7.8 1,315 1,352 1.390 2.8

I Den are for men with 1 year or less of fullairre, nonmilitary

employment. 3 Data not available. NOTE.-Oats we based on information supplied by more than

100 participating colleges and universities throughout the country.

SOURCE: College Placement Council Salary Survey, A Study of

1972 -73 Beginning Offers by Business and Industry. (Copyright 1973

by the College Placement Council, Inc., Bethlehem, Pa. All rights

reserved.)

Table 153.-United States college faculty abroad, Table 154.-Unitad States college students abroad,

by country and by field of interest: 1971-72 by country and by field of study: 1970-71

Country and field of interest

College faculty abroad Number Percent 1 2 3 Total 6,306 100.0 Country:

United Kingdom 1,055 16.7 F rang 424 6.7 Germany, Federal Republic of . 388 6.2

India 231 3.7

Italy 229 3.6

Israel 178 2.8 Spain 155 2.5 Mexico 164 2.4 Switzerland 130 2.1 Aspen 128 2.0 Brazil 105 Australia 92 1.5 Austria 82 1.3 Canada 79 1.3 Denmark 70 1.1 Netherlands 70 1.1 Other countries 2.735 43.4 Field of interest: Humanities 1,929 30.6 Social sciences 1,282 20.3 Physical and life sciences 2,103 17.5 Medical sciences 516 8.2 Agriculture 434 6.9 Education .. 314 5.0 Engineering 292 4.6 Business administration 154 2.4 Other or field unknown 281 4.5 NOTE.-Beaune of rounding, percentages may not add to

100.0. SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New

York. Open Doors 1972.

140

Country and field of study

College students abroad Number Percent 2 3 Total 32209 100.0 Country: Franca c,072 18.9 Canada 5,286 16.3 Mexico 4,109 12.8 United Kingdom 2,416 7.5 Germany, Federal Republic of 2,133 6.6

Italy 1,677 5.2 Spain 1,854 6.1

Israel 1,405 4.4 Philippines 1,021 3.2

Japan 996 3.1 Belgium 977 2.7 Switzerland 686 2.1 Colombia 580 1.8 Sweden 490 1.6 Vatican City 365 1.1 Other countries 2,483

NEMO 7.6 Field of study: Humanities 12,437 38.6 Medical sciences 3,922 12.2 Social sciences 3,900 11.8 Physical and life sciences 1.170 3.6 Business administration 588 1.8 Education 567 1.7 Engineering 437 1A

Agriculture 87 .2 Other fields 9,233 28.7 NOTE.-Because of rounding, percentages may not add to

100.0. SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New

York, Open Doors 1972.
Table 156. - Enrollment of foreign students in institutions of higher education,

by level and by State: Fell 1968

State

All foreign

students enrolled Undergraduate students Firstmrofealonal students Graduate students

Total Men Women Total Men Woman Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 United States 106,159 58,376 41,271 17.106 3,373 2,964 389 46,410 37,564 8,845 Alabama 473 254 179 75 33 33 ... 186 153 33 Alaska 64 50 34 18 ... ... ... 14 14 ... Arizona 1,103 787 581 200 1 1 315 278 39 Arkansas 299 226 160 66 1 1

.42 72 61 11 California 16,404 10,290 7,223 3,087 312 270 5,802 4,757 1,045

i

Colorado 1,549 1,019 735 284 15 13 2 515 416 99

Connecticut 1,215 417 292 125 75 67 8 723 588 135 Delaware 278 111 78 33 ... ... 167 136 31 District of Columbia 3,406 1,993 1,354 639 168 24 1,245 904 341 Florida 1,820 1,314 976 338 3 3 503 414 89

Georgia 786 388 293 95 26 21 5 372 338 34 Hawaii 1,251 717 462 255 ......... 534 387 147

Idaho 484 379 248 131 1 1 . 84 75 9

II linoia 8,073 2,401 1,754 647 556 489 8; 3,116 2,573 543

Indiana 3,475 1,494 951 543 94 79 15 1,887 1,428 459

Iowa 1,567 695 460 235 50 66 3 803 840 183 Kansas 1,717 906 644 281 4 4 808 858 152

Kentucky 753 442 281 161 43 39 4 288 202 86

Louisiana 1,345 823 638 185 168 132 28 364 286 78 Maine 233 190 139 51 1 42 37 5 Maryland 1,694 978 661 317 20 19 1 696 566 130 Messechusem 6,106 2,443 1,475 988 570 528 42 3,093 2,422 671 Michigan 5,985 3,478 2,744 734 169 141 28 2,338 1,879 469 Minnesota 2,051 915 598 317 35 31 4 1,101 884 237 Mississippi 482 217 171 48 1 244 213 31 Mi 1110011 2,576 1,293 896 397 57 53 4 1,226 967 259 Montana 421 288 215 43 3 3 130 100 30 Nebraska 463 319 203 116 5 5 139 113 26 Nevada 102 62 51 11 . . ... ... 40 34 6 New Hampshire 399 250 196 54 38 38 . . . 111 100 11 New Jersey 1,662 715 509 206 32 28 6 916 856 60 New Mexico 533 307 267 40 ... .. ... 226 200 26 New York 11,821 5,524 3,754 1,770 241 229 12 6,056 4,807 1,249

North Carolina 1,587 726 518 208 20 16 4 841 698 143 North Dakota 687 451 364 87 4 4 232 205 27 Ohio 3,538 2,063 1,427 636 179 136 43 1,296 1,058 238 Oklahoma 1,680 1,044 885 159 37 35 2 499 437 62 Oregon 1,802 1,171 825 348 23 22 1 608 485 123 Pennsylvania 4,301 1,867 1,257 800 177 158 19 2,267 1,829 438 Rhode Island 498 701 139 297 249 48

South Carolina 361 188 144 44 7 7 188 141 25 South Dakota 250 140 110 30 11 11 .. 99 89 10 Tennessee 1,375 768 619 149 35 28 7 572 457 115 Texas 4,676 2,942 2,206 736 79 71 8 1,856 1,373 282 Utah 1,797 1,192 772 420 ... ... ... 605 509 96

Vermont 279 203 119 84 ... ... .. 76 69 17 Virginia 705 419 266 164 31 28 3 255 225 30

Washington 2,615 1,656 1.116 540 12 11 1 947 742 205 West Virginia 413 235 184 51 5 4 1 173 160 23 Wisconsin 2,769 1,243 905 338 27 24 3 1,499 1,215 284 Wyoming 247 143 124 19 5 2 3 99 93 q U.S. Service Schools 139 50 60 ... ... ... ... se Outlying areas 2,104 1,694 1,045 649 38 30 8 472 341 131 SOURCE: US. Deportment of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Education, Residence and Afirsdon of College Students, F4111968.

141
Foreign Students Enrolled in American Institutions

of Higher Education

Nearly 135,000 foreign students were enrolled in

American institutions of higher education in

1969-70, according to Open Doors 1970, a publication of the Institute of International

Education. This is a gain of 11 percent over 1968-69

and an alltime high. Fifteen years ago, the Institute

in its first edition of Open Doors reported only

34,000 foreign students in this country.

In 1969-70, the 134,959 foreign students.

represented 176 countries. More than 5,000 students

came from each of the following countries: Canada,

India, Republic of China, Hong Kong, and Iran. The

accompanying chart shows the percentage

distribution of the foreign students by area of origin.

As in previous years, the largest proportion of the

foreign students were from the Far East.

The foreign students attended 1,734 institutions

of higher education located in all 50 States, the

District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and the

Virgin Islands. Fifty percent of the students were

enrolled in institutions in six States: California, New

York, Illinois, Florida, Michigan, and Massachusetts.

The fields of study selected by the foreign

students were engineering, which was the choice of

22 percent; humanities, 20 percent; physical and life

sciences, 116 percent; social sciences, 13 percent;

business administration, 12 percent; education,

6 percent; medical sciences, 4 percent; agriculture, 3

percent; and other or not specified, 4 percent.

Undergraduates outnumbered graduates by a small

margin in the foreign student population. Forty-seven

percent of the students were undergraduates; 44

percent were graduates. Six percent were classified as

special students, and the academic level of the

remaining 3 percent is unknown.

NEVA A. CARLSON

specialist in educational statistics

Figure 12.Percentage distribution of foreign students enrolled in

American institutions of higher education, by area of origin: 1969-70

North

America

10%

Europe

14%

Near and

Latin America Middle East

19% 11%

Other

4%

Far East

Africa

6%

36%

SOURCE: Institute of International Education, 809 United Nations Pim

New York, N.Y., Open Doors 1970.

142
Talk 150.-Pierneatr of foreign Hudson enrolled in &maim inidtutions of hiOwsr education, by aree of orieln

major field of intim; and scadande Mists: 1071-72

liajor field of Went and acachnec status Total Ana of owl*

Far East Neer and Middle East Europe" Latin America North

Arterial Africa Omani. U.S.S.R. Swaim

or country

unknown

1 2 3 4 5 7 a 9 10 11 11 Held 119.126 61= 17,190 10101 38,832 10,041 2,131 53 3004

Apiculture; 5,197 1,173 306 250 2,600 262 372 83 83 Udden Indst@ 2,986 211 207 59 2,206 128 123 18 32

Graduals 2,108 937 175 177 364 130 239 43 51 Other, 106 25 13 14 37 4 10 2 Business achninistradon 19,298 7,795 t$47 2,161 4,310 1,090 1,567 1 215

Undergraduate 12.246 4.659 1950 817 3,496 007 1,017 220 1 99 Graduals 8.313 2,909 562 1.261 616 363 390 so 112 Other, 730 227 36 63 204 40 180 6 4 Education 7,015 1,945 533 696 1,230 1,800 501 312 137

Undergraduate 3,102 477 160 361 604 989 190 196 1 64

annum, 3,639 1,381 351 299 486, 658 292 103 70

00er3 274 87 22 61 33 29 13 3

Engineering 31,722 14,587 7,011 2,807 4,812 743 1,396 157 6 404 Udell* Wade's 16.568 5,449 5,090 1,129 3,408 4431 727 09 230 Graduate Other3

14,180

974

8,718

420

1,733

188

1,396

83

1,219

186 27012

61167799

155

19 Humanities 23,431 6,135 1970 4,368 1,045 2,521 1,104 363 26 928

Undergraduate 12.664 2,759 1,225 1930 4,032 1,405 584 1138 7 534

Graduate 7,588 2,006 611 1,635 943 904 309 161 7 232 0004 3,179 770 234 804 1,070 212 121 24 12 132 Medical scHrices 7.163 2,647 664 685 1,665 506 704 124 3 212 Undw Medina 4,560 1,842 403 350 1,025 328 622 89 2 114 Graduate 2,394 956 168 202 662 216 164 31 94

Other) 209 49 17 24 71 22 18 4 4

Physical and Me sciences . 20,458 10,483 2.053 1971 2,630 1,219 1,006 277 7 322

U;IdefOredwas 7.156 2,786 932 661 1,343 497 700 104 3 140 Graduate 12,601 7,321 1,030 1,261 1,186 655 '67 4 178 Other3 801 376 91 50 101 131 . 4

Sodal sciences 17.293 5,239 1.865 2,448 3,359 1.839 392 5 317 Underteaduele 7.508 1936 742 906 1947 026 811 194 2 145

Graduals 9,175 3,253 1,072 1,418 1,292 859 927 187 3 164 Other3 610 ISO 61 124 120 4k 101 11 114.. 8 All other holds 362 116 60 29 83 29 5

Undergraduate Graduate 246as 86

21 46

9

19853

14 19

3

13

12

6 4

1 Other3 39 9 6 2 16 3 4 RHO and status unknown . 8.207 1,707 712 1,060 2,100 585 132 4 1,291

Excludes the USS.H. (shown separately In column 101.

2 Exceeds. Mexico and Central America, which an included with Latin America.

143

3 (Medal students and acaderic install unknown.

SOURCE: Inentum of Inennaliann Education, New York,

Open Doors 1972
Table 151-Number of foreign students enrolled in AffillfiC1111 Institutions 4 higher educadon, by area of origin:

1954-55 to 1971-72

Academic veer Total

Area of origin

Far Est Near and Middle East Europe"

Latin America North America2 Africa Oceania U.S.S.R. Stateless Of country unknown

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1964-66 34232 9,838 4,416 6,196 8,446 4,714 1,234 337 9 42 1966 -66 36,494 11,202 4.662 5,502 8,474 spa 1,231 353 2 26 1966-57 40,666 12,949 5,243 6,996 9,110 5,444 1,424 424 9 87

1967 -58 43,391 14,206 5,095 6,816 9,212 5,364 1,515 495 21 77 1958-58 47.245 15,823 6,619 6,601 10.249 5,512 1,735 612 ea 1969 -80 48.488 17,175 7,110 8,362 9,428 5,701 1,959 588 30 93

1980 81 63,107 19,222 7,862 8,885 9,828 8,128 2,831 658 16 78 1961-82 58,098 21,688 8,277 8,833 9,916 13,6* 3,930 796 37 91 1982-83 64.706 23,788 8,847 7,888 11,021 7,089 4,996 948 35 113 1953-84 74,114 28,531 10,131 9,298 12,882 8,648 6,144 1,080 50 150 1964-65 =245 29,400 11,217 10,073 13,857

9,3

5,855 1265 36 205 1966-e6 82,709 29,049 11,217 10,196 13,998 8 6,896 1,325 40 147 1986-67 100,262 33,670 12,830 14,161 19,182 12,230 7,170 1,835 66- 438 1987-88 110,315 38.228 12,347 15,488 21,908 12,238 8,901 1,683 88 1,458

1968-09 121,362 42,832 13,918 18,418 23,438 12,948 6,979 1,869 36 3,125

1969-70 134,959 49,189 15.122 18,473 24.991 13,415 7,807 2,077 51 4,034

1970-71 144,708 54,247 17,052 18,275 29,300 12,732 8,734 1,995 31 2,342

1971-72 140,126 51,827 17,100 16,166 28,832 10,541 9,592 2,131 63 3,884

I Excludet the USS.R. (shown separately In column 10).

2 Excludes Mexico and Central America, which are included with Latin America. NOTE.-Beginning in 1968-87, Includes foreign students who intend toremain In the United States. SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New York, Open Doors, 1954-55 to 1972.

Table 168. - Estimated population and enrollment, by level, in major area of the world:

1989-70

(In thousands(

Major area

Population' Enrollment2 All ages

5 to 24 years

of age All levels First level of oducation3 Second level of aducadon4 Third level of educetIonS

t 2 3 4 5 6 7 World total 3,635,184 1,503,017 471,330 336,7158 110,203 24,30

Africa 344,482 154,340 36,617 31,120 koei 416 Asia leaduchng U.S.S.R I 2,066,775 892,145 176,486 135,437 36,767 5,282 Europe (excluding U.S.S.R / 462,120 147,811 84,081 52,100 27,944 4,037 Oceania 19,370 7,515 4,483 2,884 1,353 226

I.Le...1.(4. 242,612 88,476 53,891 40,483 8,858 4,550 Western Hemisphere:

North Amick:66 227,672 86,091 63,133 33,213 21,435 8,466 Latin America.' 283,253 126,839 52,879 41,521 9,785 1,393

I Data are for mid-year 1970.

2 Data we for school year 1969-70.

3 First level includes elementary school enrollment, the main function

of which is to provide basic Instruction In the tools of learning.

Preschool, kindergarten, and modal education enrollments are

excluded. 4 Second level Includes general, am:ono/mil, and teacher-training

enrollments at the secondary school level. Entrance to secondery

schools requires at least 4 yews' previous instruction at the first level.

Special and adult education enrollments are excluded.

144

Third lave includes colleges and universities hat require the

successful completion of education at the second level as a minimum

entrance requirement. Adult education enrollments ere excluded.

6 Includes United Stave, Canada, Bermuda. Greenland, and St. Pierre

and Miquelon.

Indudo all other countries in the Western Hemisphere.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural

Organization, Paris, Statinkot Yearbook, 1971.
Tad* IN.-Estimated total population and enrollment, by level, in Waled mtnibiet of the world: 1969-70

Country

Mid-year 1970

population

lin Momenta)

School-year enrollment, 19139-70

1 2 Africa' Ethiopia

Nigeria

South Africa

Egypt, Arab Republic of Asks China (mainland)

India

Indonesia

Israel Aspen

Korea, North

Korea, Republic of Pakistan

)lippines Saudi Arabia Thailand Turkey

Vietnam, North

Vietnam, Republic of

Europe

Austria

Belgium

Czechoslovakia France Germany:

Federal Republic of

Wm Berlin

East Germany

Italy Netherlands Poland Romania Spain

United Kingdom

Yugoslavia North America Canada Cane Zone Cuba Mexico Puerto Rico United States Virgin Islands (USA ) Oceania American Samoa Australia Guam

New Zealand

iieuth America Argentina Brazil Chile Colombia Peru Venezuela U.S.S.R.

25,046

455,074

20,110

33,329

759,619

550,376

121,198

2,889

103,540

13,892

31,793

114,189

39,493

7,740

35,814

35,232

21,154

18,332

7,423

9,676

14,467

60,775

59,554

2,128

17,250

53,667

13,019

32,805

20,253

32,290

55,711

20,527

21,40660

8,392

50,670

2,840

205,395

59

29 12,552

100 2,816

24,352

95,305

9,780

21,117

13,588

10,399

242,768

I First level includes elementary school enrollment, the main

function of which is to provide basic instruction in the tools of

learning. Preschool, kindergarten, and spacial education enroll- ments are excluded. 2 Second level includes general, vocational, and teacher- training

enrollments at the secondary school level. Entrance to mondarY schools requires at least 4 years' previous instruction at the

first level. Special and adult education enrollments are ex- cluded. 3 Third level includes, colleges and universities that require the

successful completion of education at the second level es a

minimum entrance requirement. Adult education enrollments are excluded. 4 Previous data probably overstated.

All levels First level of education' Second level of education7 Third level of aducetion3

3 4 5 6

709,524

2,578,076

3,178,337

5,173,777

590,445

2,345,754

62,848,824

3,618,750

114,443

222,547

7553,691

1,356,972

4,636

59,775

572,822

197,056

99,990,000 stiopoopoo 99,990,000

1058,203,375 1049.499,000 107880.102 101,054,273

14,311,658 12,802,415 111,315,727 12182,416

839,683 458,079 134,528 49,076

20,267.659 9,403,193 9,233.147 1,831,319

28,442 1328.442 7,510,792 6822,818 1,701,301 188,675

511,884,540 58,140,193 53,388,872 5357,675

8,536,276 126,406,826 51 ,502,346 5627,104

483,564 397,153 79,469 6,942

55,543,695 55,122,728 5479,119 541,848

6,251,074 4,905,107 1,185,633 160,334

1,111,996 51,081,847 930.149

3,078,691 2,375,982 655,413 47,298

1,321,270 888,990 377,990 56,290

1,935,573 51,018,334 5847,605 69,634

2,516,957 2,002,33 381,380 133,524

9,741,810 5,019,837 4.106,647 615,326

10,820,068 6,098,425 4,280,996 440,847

7258,523 7122,911 7103,124 732,488

3,262,006 2,485,367 650,499 126,140

8,990,765 4,728,075 3,840,274 822,416

2,779,180 1,450,647 1,117,020 211,513

7,020,353 5,443,132 1,254,757 322,464

3,689,042 2,886855 650,482 151,705

5,750,168 3,789,135 1,768,518 194,515

10,042,250 5,835,093 3,789,421 14417,736

3,802,738 2,857,291 705,748 239,701

5,783,993 3,841,040 111,505,571 437,382

15,764 8,626 6,952 1,188

1,727,755 1,427,607 266,651 33,497

10,211,329 8,539,462 1,483,856 188,011

800,231 481,700 281,850 56,681

59,545,991 31,955,000 19,674,000 7816,991 19.025 12,800 4,800 1,025

10,079 7,957 2,122

53,013,112 51,768,060 51.080,524 5161,528

29,350 17,618 9,607 2,126

755,428 514,774 184,301 56,353

4,550,889 3,354,587 924,806 271,496

16,270,642 12,294,343 3,829,375 346,824 2,321,619 1,980,815 267,7E13 73,035

3,411,530 52,733,432 5592,759 85,353

53.014862 52,334,982 5583,698 5116,282

2,204,827 1,681,947 448,214 74,666

53,890.300 40,483,000 8,857,700 4,549,800

145

5 Data for 1968. 6 Data for 1963. 7 Data for 1964. 5 Data for 1959. 9 Data for 1956. 10 Data for 1966. " Second level general education, only. 12 Data for 1967. 13 Data for 1960. 14 Data for England end Wales for 1987, Northern Ireland and

Scotland for 1969-70.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural

Organization, Paris, Statistical Yearbook, 19 71.
Table 160.-Broedcast hours of public television stations, by type of programing and by type of licensee,

"swept* region, and budgst size: United States end outlying woes, fiscal year 1972

Type of lkange,

geosraphic region. and

ad(urtsd budget size

Numbs

of

stational

Broadcast hours, by type of programing Total Programing for classroom

Programing for

general audience Number Patent Windsor Pecan Number Percent 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 geld 207 710,303 100.0 241,806 100.0 448,487 100.0

Type of licensee:

inadtutions of

higher education 62 193,783 27.3 54,166 22.4 139,827 29.8

Local public school Retina 21 68.233 8.2 26,992 11.2 31,241 8.7

SUN ughosity, Steen

education agency,

municipal authority.

and other domed

eggrillem 67 263,868 35.7 100,656 41.6 153,300 32.7

Community organizations 57 201.429 28.8 60,100 24.8 144,329 30.8

Geormhic region:

Northam 44 153,854 21.6 45.305 18.7 106988 23.1 Central 50 167,631 23.6 59956 24.6 108,075 23.1

South 78 276,363 389 102,953 42.6 173910 37.0 Wen Outlying area

29

6

93,621

19,034

13.2 2.7 28,993

5,039

12.0

2.1 64,52813,805

13.9

3.0

Adlusted budget size:

Under $200,000 17 42,279 5.9 13,221 53 29,038 62

5200,000-8499,999 47 148,156 20.9 44,652 18.5 103,503 22.1

1500900-8799,999 37 134,472 17.5 40,096 15.6 84,376 19.0

8800,000-81999999 66 201,756 28.4 73,314 30.3 128,442 27.4

$2,000,000 and ovw go 193,641 27.3 70,523 29.1 123,118 28.3

I On the Pr during the entire fiscal year.

SOURCE: U.S. Dapsransrit of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, and Corporation for Public

Broadcasting, Summary Statistics of Public Pelevision Lkesures: Fiscal Year 1972. (In Preen

Table 161.-Rank order of public libraries with 1 minion or moss volumes In their collections: United Stelae, 1968

Library system Rank order Number of volumes

(book ::a:::

end serials)

Library system Rank

order

Number of volumes

(book stock

and serials)

1 2 3 1 2 3

New York Public Library 1 8,235,539 Mihusulare Public Library 14 1,976.510 Chicago Public Library

Lea Angelis Public Library 23

4.067,027

3,638.221

Detroit Public Library 16 1,903,768

Cleveland Public Library 4 3,210,820 Public Library of Washington, D.C. 16 1.987,0611 Brooklyn Public Library 5 3.019,662 Public Library of Ft. Wayne and Allen County (Ind.) .. 17 1.376448

Seattle Public Library 18 1,336,010 Los Amain County Public Library 6 2,962,866 St. Louis Public Library 19 1.266.644 Free Library of Philadelphia

Cincinnati-Hamilton County

78

2,623.146

2,633,166 San Francisco Public Library 20 1,201.149

Salton Public Library 9 2,610334 Kansas City (Missouri) Public Library 21 1,136.284 Organs Borough Public Library (N.Y) 10 2479,463 Dayton and Montgomery County Public Library (Ohio). 22 1.122.492

Denver Public Library 23 1.113.067 Enoch Pratt Fria Library (Baltimore) 11 2,120,310 Houston Public Library 24 1,081,014 arrngie Library of Pittsburgh 12 2,120.310 Minneapolis Public Library 26 1,076.656 Buffalo and Eris County Library System 13 12.120,000 Cuyahoga County (Ohio) PublicLit ry 26 1.047,626

Omare for 1966.

146

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Width, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Zarinfes of Pubic Libraries Serving Anise Witt At Least 25.000

labablentta 1968.
Table 162-Cioneral statistics of public libmrias awns was of 26,000 or more population:

United Stales and outlying Ines, finial year 1968

Population sin group

Item

1 Number of libraries'

Number of libraries reporting2

Populadora served (thousands)

Cannier. (ttsounend

Number of volunee3 held at end of year

Number of volumes3 added during year

Total circulation during year

Steil (fulkirne equiveNnt)

Filled petitions

Library stiff Maintenance staff Operating expediters (e ennen* of dollars)

Total operating expenditures

Warps and Wanes

Library staff MeiMenance staff Purchase of library materials Book stock Serials Other printed materials Audiovisual materials All other operating expenditures

Toter,

25,000

or more 2

26,000- 36,000-

3,999 49.999 50,000-

99,999

100,000-

499,999

600,003 Or more

3 4 5 6

1,135

1.067 117,235

285 271 258 250

7.578 10,321 335

318

21,985 206

196

38,157

7 35

39,194

191,079

18,648

560,214

14,996 18,617

1,317 1,359

48,041 53,629

34,278 3.020

108.966 61,282

5,803

195,169

81,910

5,149

156,421

49,887

45,635

4,252

3,266 3.903 8,229

7,873 566

16.602

15,457

1,145

17,797

15,796

2,001

$421,236

271.000

251,043

19.956

72,491

64,052

4,820

883

2,945

77,748

$28716 $31,170

15,981 19,060

14.8ee 17,757

1,093 1,293

5,417 8,199

4,837 5,480

328 418

ee se

194 283

5,337 5.920

$65 7

41.304

38,652

2,541

12,136

10,755

751 se

621 12,158

$137::1

88,559

83,008

5,461

24,202

21,310

1,553

250

1,061

25,119

$ew 74

106,125

96,857

9,488

24,537'

21,701

1,780

189 886

29,211

I Problems of definitions and reporting did not permit the data for one ererageeizad State to be included In the

survey. 2 TM data shown below are for reporting libraries only.

3 Includes volumes of book stock and bibliographic volumes

of serials only.

NOTE.-8cause of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and

Weiferv, Office of Education, Statistics of Pub& Libraries

Serving Areas with at Least 25,000 Inhabitants, 1968.

Table 163.-Estknatad number of librarian', by type of library in which employed and by

United States, 1960 and 1970

Employer 1960 1970 Total Men Women Total Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 AM libraries 68,900 9,800 59,100 114,000 17,00 110,200 Elementary and secondary schea,2

Colleges end universities

30,800 1,600 29,200 52,000 3,600 48,400 Public libraries Specie! libraries

10,400

17,700

10,000

3,300

2,500

2,400

7,100

15,200

7,600

19,500

26,500

18,000

6,800

3,700

3,900

12,900

22,800

12,100

f Full-time and perime personnel employed es DrOfeniOnal librarians. ragerdlese of level of education completed. 2 Public end nonpublic schools.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

147
Table 164.-Iklected statistics on the collections, staff, enri operating expenditures of large university libraries: 1971-72

Institution Rank order* Number of volumes at end of year

Gross number of volumes added during year

Number of microform

units at and of year

Staff (full timsequivolent)Operating expenditures Total Books and binding Salaries and wages Other Total Professional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Herverd University 1 8,707.822 387,671 882,471 770 242 $9,222,948 $2,327,977 $5,931,818 5963958 Yaks University2 2 5,993,856 219,719 839,737 585 181 7,041,476 1,823,518 4,100,134 1,117,824

University of Illinols3 3 4,992,391 192,896 464,668 429 180 5,715,613 1,806,972 3,506,346 402,295

Columbia University 4 4,448,360 153,308 939,501 451 146 5,958,812 1,316,406 4,175,428 466,980

University of Michispn4 5 4,332,518 148,826 761.182 481 161 6,184,074 1,516,131 4,266,657 402,288

University of California et Berkeley , . , 6 4,153,936 166,379 682,048 446 162 8,382,024 1,704,009 4,385,468 292,549

Cornell University 7 53,888,834 130,396 1.048,818 444 126 5,637,360 1,600,119 1633,018 404,223

Stanford Univwsity6 8 3,721,343 159,229 7608,085 401 140 7,034,867 1,738,454 4,664,783 631,420

Indiana University 6 9 3,344,141 277,638 612,630 382 168 5,870,200 1,989,390 3,627,330 273,480

University of Minnesota 10 3,245,740 129,638 716,077 320 157 5,064,326 1,591,764 3,311,181 181,381 University of Chicago 11 3,212,296 151,185 278,039 277 78 4,079,694 1,248,470 2,657,413 275,611

University of California at Los Angeles 12 3,164,328 130,618 947,058 407 157 6,331,586 1,562,231 4,287,816 481,539

University of Texaa9 13 2.734,695 303,853 824,295 272 111 4,737,768 2,257,935 2,273,193 106,640

Ohio State Unbersity10 14 2,670,984 138,300 791,330 320 106 4,108,832 1,258,702 2,547.289 300,841

University of Wisconsin I 15 2,517,798 109,430 844,283 298 93 4,425,897 1,425,052 2,507,251 493,594

Northwestern Universityll 16 2,433,420 05925 371,631 232 93 3,783,392 1,227,699 2,217,110 318,583

Princeton University 17 2,412,871 99,824 439,753 280 84 3,684,576 1,214,882 2,289,801 179,893

University of Pennsylvania12 16 2,410,933 103,879 861,880 292 101 4,189,810 1,214,594 2,688.030 287,188

Duke University 19 2,333,382 110,089 190.460 228 81 3,144,662 1053,474 1,780,363 210.825 New York University 20 2,128980 107,815 1,056,156 399 85 4,063,158 1,152,500 2,700.034 200,824

Johns Hopkins Univaisity13 21 1,993,113 41,039 574,400 156 48 1,840,308 640,485 1,109,783 190,060

University of Washingtor04 22 1938.298 66,148 910,121 335 113 3,682,507 970,178

. 2,628.181 96,118 University of North Carolina 23 1,894,132 83,562 492,269 228 82 3,173,787 837,040 2,134,326 202,421

Mithigen Slats University 24 1,867,236 113,768 482,322 195 78 3,168,829 896,646 1,992,027 181,158

University of Virginia 25 1,777,936 83,277 1,064,768 225 50 3,383,832 1 ,032,748 1,690,674 280,212

University of Iowa 28 1,672,917 91,218 819,137 173 71 2.689,190 1,078,042 1,519,428 91,720

Unlianity of Pittsburgh19 27 1,664,234 126,502 613.418 298 120 3,808,658 1,136,011 2,358,234 317,313

University of Milleouri16 28 1,639,281 55,050 1,242,848 149 52 1,947,501 743,235 1,053,792 160,534

University of Kansas*7 29 1,839,070 72,377 394,645 189 69 2,487,775 817,251 1,464,503 206,021

Syracuse University 30 1,637,442 102,488 1,800,203 182 48 2,188,581 740,031 1,270,029 158,521 Rutgers Universityl 4 31 191,584,259 114,932 19583,817 245 94 4.388,480 1,717,890 2,529,219 141,371 University of Coloradol6 32 1,570,251 71,298 737,986 183 56 2,903,025 1,056,650 1,616,346 230,019

University of Florida 33 1,550,483 83,398 687,780 297 78 2.748,695 902,034 1,888,164 158.397 Penneylvenia State University30 34 1,547,593 115,742 980,125 330 105 4,958,480 1,830.795 2,904,800 222,1385 University of Southern Ceillomia16 . . . 35 1,524,068 82,92/ 659,759 190 72 2.585,475 855,654 1,594,734 135,087

Southern Illinois University 36 1,519,000 130,478 1211 123 50 2.402,380 988,168 1,309.220 104902

Institutions are conked by the number of volumes at the end of the year

(column 31, Although this is a convenient measure of size, the measures in

columns 4-11 warrant equal attention for comparative Purposes.

2 Lew library is included for collections only.

3 Includes library of health sciences at Medical Canter, Chicago,

4 Excludes 111,458 volumes and 95,136 microfilm units of the Dearborn

campus library, which had been included through 1970-71.

5 Physical count. Previous data were based on a combined physical-bibliographical count.

6 Includes branch campuses in California and overseas.

7 Count corrected since previous year.

Data are for the State university system. 9 Includes mein library, law library, and L.B.J. School of Public Affairs

Library.

16 Includes 4 regional campus libraries.

148

11 Includes Evanston and Chicago campus libraries.

12 Includes Feinburger psychology library.

13 Data adjusted downward from previous year on basis of a penisl inventory

count. 14 Includes law library and Pacific Northwest Regional Health Science library.

13 Includes 4 regional campuses. 16 Includes all branch libraries. 17 Includes Medical Canter Wanes in Kansas City. 14 Includes branch libraries. 19 Revised downward from previous year on basis of physical count.

!11 Excludes branch libraries at Hershey and Middletown. 41 Included with volumes. SOURCE: Association of Research Libraries, Aeademk Library Statisrfo4 1971-72.
Table 165.-General statistics of college end university libraries: United States and outlying areas, 1969-80, 1960-09, and 1970-71

Item 1950-80 1968-69 1970-71 Item 1960-60 1968-89 1970-71

1 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 Number of librarian 1,951 2,431 2.535 Library opprolno oltures (occludine

Number of students enrolled, total (thousands/I . . 3,597 7,572 8,649 Whet outlay) in antnds of dollen Enrolled for bachelor's and higher dowses 3,402 6,983 7,906 Enrolled in undergraduate occupetioust progrerre .. 195 589 664 Operating expenditures. total $137,245 $684,848 $737_533 Saleries 72,455 213,332 35f205-

Collections (thousands of night) Hourly wages 11,690 44,253 50140 Dimling end rebinding 4,852 17,542 ' r ': Number of volumes at and of year 176,721 328,564 371,389 Books and other library materials 40,760 212201 24,,767336337 Number of volumes added during yew

Narrater of woriodical titles at end of year 8,415

1,271 25,756

2,632

26,374 3,677 Other library operating expenditures

°grating expenditure' In grcenh, total 111 38 42.Tg

Salaries 53 47 40 Library stiff In Unman, fullalme Hourly wogs 8 8 7 gulvelents Binding and nbinding 4 3 3 Books and other library materials 30 36 34 Total stiff in regular Poitione3 18,000 45,150 48953 Other library operating expenditures 5 C 7 Professionel librolans 9,000 20,149 21P8

Nonprofessional library staff

Hours of student end other assistance (thousands) ...

.1" 1 ,.. 2 L Ina tions1 iengspe"ndeitnudin: ror medullar tiontsol fends) . EN

general purposes 3.0 4.2 4,2 Opening fed enrollment for the 'gelled year.

2 Data on stiff are for the fall term of the succeeding year.

NOTE.-Becsuse of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Eclat:00w, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Library &winks of Colkyrs and Valversittek analytic reports for 1959-60 and fall 1971.

Table 168, -Prices 1. r hardcover, man-market paperback, and trade and higher priced paperback books, 1987-60 and 197Z

and number of tides, 1072, by category: United Stets Hardcover books' Maserntarkat paperback books

Trade end higher

priced paperback books Category Number Number Number Ave age of Average of Ave op of price titles Price titles price tithe

1967-69 1972 1972 1987 -69 1972 1972 196' -69 1972 1972

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 Total $8.77 912.99 29,710 $0.79 111.12 2,255 2324 6424 11,276 Agriculture 9.71 10.94 305 .88 1.19 12 3.13 3.44 71 Art 12.44 14.94 1,121 .86 1.35 47 3.48 4.10 298

81018aPhY 9.71 12.80 1,791 23 1.34 74 2.25 3.21 157 Business 10.41 12.45 489 1.08 1.09 4 5.10 8.51 195 Education 6.58 10.26 788 1.33 1.65 10 2.91 3.87 505 Fiction 4.96 6.47 1,696 .75 1.01 1,457 1.68 2.24 124 General works 315.28 25.19 973 (3) 1.21 11 (3) 9.68 217 History 9.95 14.92 1,321 .98 1.37 77 2.87 3.58 304 Horne economics 6.55 7.88 377 13) 1.19 60 (3) 2.82 160

Juveniles 3.53 4 17 2,746 .71 .82 57 1.23 1.32 288

Language 210.13 14.16 294 13) 1.73 0 (3) 4.98 188 Law 13.22 17.15 571 .86 1.53 6 4.11 4.57 141 Literature 8.04 12.03 1,971 .96 1.20 42 2.44 3.72 575 Medicine 13.41 16.19 1,434 .87 123 55 4.61 5.35 357 Music 9.08 13.63 343 .83 1,10 4 3.19 4.32 92 Philosophy, psychology 28.41 10.44 789 (3) 1.26 47 (3) 3.60 360 Patty, dream 6.69 10.62 1,145 22 1.61 21 1.81 2.89 330 Religion 6.29 9.90 1,082 .85 1.34 23 128 2.51 609 Science 12.67 16.05 2,137 .96 1.35 14 4.86 5.35 532 Sociology, economics 29,35 16.93 4,532 13) 1.52 127 (3) 4.11 1,802 Sports, recreation 721 10.65 637 .87 1.18 64 2.11 2.65 257 Technology 13.03 16.11 1,031 1.04 1.29 19 8,84 9.60 378 Trawl 7934 12.78 1,157 (3) 1.53 19 (3) 3.43 337

I Excludes Government documents and multivolume encyclopedias.

2 Average price for 1967 and 1969, rather than 1987 -69.

149

3 Data not wettable. SOURCE: Publithers' Weekly.
Table 167. -Price Index for herdcover, rnesornarkst paperback, and erode and higher prioad prperback

bootg, based on 1967-89 average prints, by category: United States, 1971 and 1472

Category

Hardcover boo?, Mess.merket paperback books Tads end

higher priced

psperbeck bock, 1987-80 inch nl 1967-60 Index* 1967 -60 Index* Avenge

price

1971 19'2 Av.reas price1971 1972 Average

price

1971 1972

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total $3.77 151.0 148.1 80.79 1272 141.8 113.24 157.1 130.9 Agriculture 9.71 141.5 112.7 .88 118.2 135.2 3.13 174.9 109.9 Art 12.44 131.9 120.1 .86 1198 157.0 3.48 144.0 117.5 Biography 9.71 119.8 131.8 .93 126.9 144.1 2.25 112.9 142.7 Business 10.41 121.0 119.6 1.06 117.0 102.8 6.10 125.9 127.8 Education 6.68 108.6 1552 1.33 135.3 124.1 2.91 127.1 133.0 Fiction 4.96 120.5 130.4 .75 124.0 134.7 1.66 112.7 134.9 General works 16.28 141.9 164.9 121 (2)

History 9.95 130.3 149.9 .98 119.4 1392 2.87 149.8 124.7 NOM oconornics 6.65 111.9 120.3 (2) (2) Juveniles 3.53 119.8 123.8 .71 107.0 i IC-.2 1.23 110.6 107.3

Language 10.13 100.1 139.8 (2) 42) Law 13.22 138.9 129.7 AM 122.1 177.9 4.11 1968 112.2 Literature 8.04 142.1 149.6 .96 117.7 125.0 2.44 217.6 152.5 Medicine 13.41 133.0 120.7 .87 135.6 141.4 4.61 112.8 116.1 MUSIC 9.08 129.1 149.0 .83 1268 132.5 3.19 170.6 135.4 Philosophy. psychology 8.41 128.0 124.1 (2) (2)

Poetry, drams 6.69 136.7 168.7 .92 180.4 175.0 1.81 134.3 159.7 Religion 6.2e 134.8 156.8 .85 138.8 157.5 1.96 152.6 128.1 Science 12.67 125.8 126.7 .96 122.9 140.6 4.08 228.1 131.8

lladoL4P. economics 9.35 186.8 181.1 (2) (2)

Sports, recreation 7.91 128.9 134.6 .87 124.1 1366 2.11 133.2 136.1 Technology 13.03 117.2 123.6 1.04 143.3 124.0 8.84 96.2 109.6 Travel 8.34 206.0 1352 121 (2)

Index boa is 1967-69 average price 00.0. 2 New category; 1882-69 average price cannot be astebinhed. SOURCE: Publishers' Weekly.

Table 168.-Prioss for periodicals and serial service, by sublect area: United States,

1967 - 69,1971, and 1972

Subject ass 1067-69 1971 1972 Average Price Average pia Index* Average

price

Index*

1 2 3 4 5 6 Pasiodicale, rap01 88.96 $11.89 134.11 813.23 152.8 Agriculture 4.88 6.74 122.6 6.35 136.7 Business and economics 7.54 9.72 129.9 , 9.96 132.0 Chemistry and physics 24.48 38.31 102.5 45.46 186.7 Children's Periodic'', 220 2.94 113.1 3.24 124.6 Education 6.34 6.26 130.1 9.51 150.0 Engineering 10.03 13.28 132.4 18.04 160.0 Fine and =Plied am 6.71 8.17 121.8 8.42 125.5 Genera: Inure= periodicals 7.28 9.32 128.0 9.62 132.1 History 6.04 7.40 122.5 8.25 1386 Home economics 6,45 7.94 123.1 10.25 156.9

Industrial arts 887 8.14 118.5 8.96 130.7

JOUTIllitln and communications 5.72 621 120.8 8.68 151.7

Labor end industrial relations 3.01 3.88 123.9 3.92 1302

Law 8.71 10.19 117.0 11.16 128.0

Library scienae 8.27 8.65 138.0 9.40 150.0

Literature and language 5.38 628 1278 7.45 135.5 Mathematic, botany, geology,

and general science 16.30 20.06 131.1 22.63 148.0 Medicine 19.38 27.00 130.3 29.50 162.7 Philosophy end religion 5 27 6.71 127.3 7.16 135.9 Physicel education and recreation . 4.89 5.72 117.0 6.39 130.7 Political science 6.18 723 117.0 8.47 137.1 Psychology 14.55 18.70 128.5 2028 1442 Sociology and anthropology 6.11 7.92 129.6 9.12 . 149.3 Ecology 13.39 19.29 144.1 22.39 167.2 Serial service, totals 72.42 80.06 124.2 KIM 131.7 Business 119.78 140.04 117.0 148.12 123.7

Law 60.87 75.87 124.6 7583 1242 Science and technology 6623 90.23 136.3 99.73 153.0 Nisceilaneeta 4584 69.50 151.6 80.36 176.3 US. docununu 18.37 2684 148.1 2842 154.7 Soviet translations 90.82 111.66 122.9 117.13 129.0 Base for index is 1967-69 (column 31.

2 Based on 2,537 titles.

150

3 As defined by American National Mends.* Institute, Inc.

SOURCE: Ubrury Jountal.
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Table 170.-Financial support for educational research

and development, by sponsoring agency:

United States, fiscal year 1968

Agency Amount of support 1 2 Toni

Office of Education

National Science Foundation

National Institute of Mental Health National Institute of Child Health and Human

Development

Office of Economic Opportunity

Department of Defense

Other Federal agencies (Labor, Commerce,

Children's Bureau. Agriculture. Social

Rehabilitation Service, Food and Drug Admini ion, Interior, National

Endowment for the Arts, and National

Endowment for the Humanities) Private foundations All other (State agencies, higher education

institutions, professional and academic

associations, etc.)

$192,290,000

101,967,000

23,326,000

11,860,000

8,377,000

12,800,000

6,046,000

6,725,000

7,344,000

113,845,000

1 Includes estimates for State and local government agencies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Bureau of Research, Educational Research and Development in

the United States, July 1989.

Table 172.-Sources of funds used for research and development:

United States, 1953 to 1973

[In millions of dollars) Veer Total Federal Govern- ment Industry

Colleges and cant- vanities

Other

nonprofit

institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6

1953 $5,207 $2,750 $2,239 $151 $58

1964 5,738 3,138 2,367 167 66

1956 6,279 3,509 2,513 185 72

1956 8,483 4,859 3,336 204 84

1957 9,912 8,119 3,460 230 103

1958 10,870 6,791 3,700 267 122

1959 12,540 8,059 4,057 290 134

1960 13,730 8,752 4,508 328 142

1961 14,652 9,264 4,749 371 168

1962 16,666 9,926 6,114 424 201

1963 17,371 11,219 5,449 485 218

1964 19,214 12,553 15,880 656 226

1965 20,439 13,033 6,639 615 252

1966 22,264 13,990 7,317 673 284

1967 23,813 14,420 8,134 753 306

1968 25,119 14,952 8,997 841 329

1969 26,179 14,917 10,008 900 354

1970 26,568 14,776 10,435 970 388

19711 27,315 14,996 10,813 1,099 407

19721 29,150 15,923 11,577 1,226 424

19731 30,100 15,986 12,393 1,290 432

PfeiViintrY data.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NSF 73-303,

National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and

Manpower in the United States. 1953-73.

152

Table 171.-Research and development funds

related to the gross national product:

United States, 1953 to 1972

[Amounts in millions of dollars)

Veer Gross national product

Research and development funds Tot&

As percent

of gross national product 1 2 3 4

1950 $364,593 $6,207 1A3

1954 364,841 5,738 1.67 1965 397,960 6,279 1.58

1958 419,238 6,483 2.02

1957 441,134 9,912 2.25

1968 447.334 10,870 2.43

1959 483,650 12,640 2.59

1960 503,755 13,730 2.73

1961 520,108 14,562 2.80

1962 580,325 15,865 2.60

1963 590,503 17,371 2.94

1964 632,410 19,214 3.04

1965 684,884 20,439 2.98

1988 749,857 22,264 2.97

1967 793,927 23,613 2.97

1968 864,202 25,119 2.91 1969 930,284 26,179 2.81 1970 977,0130 28,568 2.72

1971 1,055,450 127,315 2.59

1972 1,155,155 129,150 2.52

1 Preliminary data.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, NSF 73-303,

National Patterns of R&D Resources, Funds and

Manpower in the United States, 1933-71; and US.

Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics,

Survey of Current Business July issues.

Table 173.-Sources of funds used for basic research:

United States, 1953 to 1973

[In millions of dolla sj

Yew Total Federal Govern- mentIndustry

Collages and unl. varsities Other

nonprofit

institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6

1953 $489 $234 $148 $73 $34

1954 548 265 161 86 37

1965 609 288 183 99 40

1956 747 346 239 116 47

1957 867 406 256 136 67

1968 973 460 282 169 72

1959 1,155 609 280 185 81 1960 1,326 693 331 216 87

1961 1,543 841 350 250 102

1962 1,896 1,091 382 293 120

1963 2,196 1,310 414 343 129

1964 2,569 1,596 424 402 138

1965 2,853 1,817 448 445 143

1966 3,123 1,986 496 494 147

1967 3,357 2,173 477 651 1',6

1968 3,648 2,344 618 621 165

1969 3,758 2,386 619 678 176

1970 3,934 2,461 636 747 190

19711 4,010 2,390 665 861 204

19721 4,310 2,542 596 954 218

19731 4,480 2,600 643 1,013 224

1 Preliminary data.

SOURCE: National Science F...undation, NSF 73-303, National Patterns

of R&D Resources, Funds and Manpower in the United States,

1953-73.
Table 174. -Funds used in the performance of beak research,

applied research, end development: United States, 1973

[In millions of dollars] Performer Tone Basic

research Appliedresearch Dewitoti1- ment 1 2 3 4 5 Tool 830,100 114480 51.130 8114785 Federal Government 4,500 590 1.680 2,250

industry 20,300 705 3.780 15.815 Colleges and universities 4,225 2,915 905 406 Other nonprofit Institutions 1,075 270 490 315 NOTE. -Dab we estimates. SOURCE: National Science Foundation, NSF 73-303, National Patterns of

R&D Resource& Funds and Manpower in the (Mind Stases, 1933 -73.

Table 175.-Estimated percentages of white and Negro attendarna In elementary

and secondary schools, by age of main building: United States, fall 1966

Item

Elementary ecliools

All Negro White All Negro White

2 3 4 5 8 7 Percent of attendance In

buildings aged:

Lew then 20 years 61 ea 60 60 53 205040 years 20 17 20 29 26 29 At Welt 40 years 18 18 18 17 12 18 SOURCE: US. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welton, Office of Education,

Commissioner's report: Equality of Educational Opportunity, July 2,1966.

Table 176.-Number and permit of minority students l attending public elementary and secondary schools, by geographic area

and by level of isolation: Fall 1968 and fall 1970

Level of isolation

Continental

United States2

32 northern and

western States3

6 border States

and D.C.4

11 southern States3 1968 1970 1968 1970 1968 1970 1968 1970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total enrollment , 43,363,568 44,877,547 28,579,768 29,451,976 3,730,317 3,856,221 11,043,486 11,570,351

Minority enrollment:

Number 8,656,434 9,389,015 4,441,516 4,843,602 674,289 717,913 3,540,829 3,827,500

Percent of total 20.0 20.9 15.5 18.4 18.1 18.6 32.1 33.1 Minorities, by level of isolation:

Attending 0-49.9% minority schools:

Number 2,623,820 3,507,532 1,675,779 1,818,815 217,166 245,729 730,874 1,442,988

Percent 30.3 37.4 17.7 37.6 32.2 34.2 20.6 37.7

Attending 50-100% minority schools:

Number 6,032,615 5,881,483 2,765,737 3,024,786 457,123 472,184 2,809,755 2,384,512

Percent 69.7 62.6 62.3 62.4 67.8 65.8 79.4 62.3

Attending 80-100% minority schools:

Number 4987,778 4,134,387 2,002,321 2,185,319 406,894 405,081 2,578,563 1,543,986

Percent 57.6 44.0 45.1 45.1 60.3 56.4 72.8 40.3

Attending 90-100% minority schools:

Number 4,561,768 3,472,583 1,686,488 1,828,757 383,693 380,697 2,491,587 1,263,128

Percent 52.7 37.0 38.0 37.8 56.9 53.0 70.4 33.0

Attending 95-100% minority schools:

Number 4,202,903 2,957,098 1,410,141 1,525,188 368.671 355,839 2,424,090 1,078,071

Percent 48.6 31.5 31.7 31.5 54.7 49.6 68.5 28.1 Attending 99-100% minority schools:

Number 3,472,072 2,013;134 907,426 985,834 294,963 294,241 2,269,683 753,189

Percent 40.1 21.4 20.4 19.9 43.7 41,0 64.1 19.7 Attending 100% minority schools:

Number 2,542,805 984,885 348,320 369,276 160,552 154,485 2,033,933 481,123

Percent 29.4 10.5 7.8 7.6 23.8 21.5 57.4 12.0 1 Includes American Indians, Negroes, Orientals, and students with Spanish

surnames. 2 49 States and the District of Columbia. Excludes Hawaii.

3 Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota,

Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico,

New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode 'Mend,

South Dakota, Utah, Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

4 Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri,

Oklahoma, and West Virginia.

153

5 Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Missiuippl, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

NOTE.-Date are based on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3,000 or

more students and a sample of smaller districts. Because of computer

rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

the Secretary, press release dated June 18, 1971.
Table 177.-hlumber and percent of minority ninisms.ettendIng public demonism and noondery is:hoots,

by minority group and by level of isolation: United Steles', fell 1970 and fall 1972 Characteristic Number Percent Atandence In minority Idiot*

0-49.9

percent

minority

60-100

percent

minority

80-100

percent

minority

90-100

percent

minority

95-100

percent

minority

98-100

percent

minority 100

percent

minority

1 2 3 4 6 6

7. g 9 10 Total enrollment, all students: 1970 44,910,403 100.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... 1972 44,646,525 100.0 ... ... ... ... ... ... ... Negro enrollment: 1970 6,712,769 14.9 33.1 66.9 49.4 43.3 36.2 28.0 14.0 1972 6,796,235 16.2 35.3 53.7 45.2 39.2 34.8 26.1 11.2 Spenisheurnamed enrollment: 1970 2,275,041 6.1 44.2 55.8 33.1 22.9 16.3 5.8 ' 1.8

1972 2,414,179 6.4 43.5 56.5 32.9 23.4 16.0 5.2 1.0 American Indian enrollment: 1972 232,766 0.6 66.4 34.6 23.3 16.4 10.7 2.2 1.7 Onenal enrollment: 1972 233,190 0.5 70,6 29.4 11.2 6.7 3.8 1.0 0.1

I Exchning HOWL SOURCE: U.S. Dominant of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of the Sec.

nary. Office for Civil Rights.

Table 176,- Estimated median achievement test eC0161 for 1n- and 12th-grade pupils, by racial and ethnicgroup:

United States, fall 1966

Test Racial or ethnic group Puerto Rican Indian American Mexican American Oriental American Negro While

1 2 3 4 6 7 1st tirade: Nonverbal 45.8 63.0 60.1 56.6 43.4 64.1 Verbal 44.9 47.8 46.6 51.6 45.4 63.2

12th Grade: Nonverbal 43.3 47.1 45.0 51.6 402 52.0 Verbal 43.1 43.7 43.8 49.6 40.9 52.1 Raiding 42.6 44.3 44.2 48.8 42.2 51.9 Mathematics 43.7 45.9 46.6 51.3 412 512

General Information 41.7 44:1' 43.3 49.0 40.6 62.2 Average of the 5 lasts 43.1 45.1 44.4 60.1 41.1 62.0

NOTE.-This table presents the results of standard achievement tests of certain

inteljectuel skills such es raiding, w,ltlr , "ralculatIng, and problem solving.

The tests were designed to measure the avers Maas are the mat Important in

our society for getting e good job and moving els to a better one, and for full

pertidpetion In an Increasingly technical world

The scores in each test ware standardized so that the average over the

national sample equaled 50 and the standard deviation equaled 10. This means

154

that for all pupils In the Nation, about 10 percent world score below 40 and

about 16 percent would Wife above 60.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Commissioner's repent Equal), of Efdleamfercal OPPortsmirl.

July 2, 1966.
Table 179.-Plaelonal Aswantem of &boatload Propnen in writing, by ant and by eoleelt.4 diaractertencs of participants:

United Seam 1969

Selected chwacteristies

of participants

Participants, by ago

13.yeavolds 17.year-olds Young adults

.loges 28-36) Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference'

1 2 4 6 7 Total 28.3 56.ei 62.5 68.4 Rqplon:

Northeast 33.0 3.5 00.4 64.9 0.8 61.0 1.9 Southeast 23.9 -3.1 50.9 -5.1 54.6 -7.8 51.4 -8.1

Central 29.0 .8 60.2 6.1 63.6 2.2 59.6 2.9 Wait 22.4 1.5 56.1 -.6 68.2 4.1 65.4 1.4 SaeMaas 22.3 -4.0 61.4 -3.4 57.3 -3.4 50.4 -2.3

Ferrate 34.7 4.1 60.9 3.2 67.0 3.0 82.3 2.1 Cofer: White 31.6 2.6 60.7 3.0 852 2.8 80.9 3.2 Slack 12.3 -12.6 372 -13.3 48.7 -19.8 408 -18.9

Other 15.8 -12.0 39.0 -12.6 53.0 -8.2 45.5 -16.1

Parwersadusation:2

No high school 19.8 -11.3 41.8 -9.3 47.3 -10.8 47.8 -11.0

Some MO school 24.2 -5.5 45.9 -7.4 50.5 -10.7 130.8 -1.9

Nigh school endues, 26.9 .0 52.4 -2.0 64.0 12 69.8 4.9 Poet high school 35.1 8.1 65.1 6.5 70.1 6.4 67.9 12.5 Unknown 23.7 -4.5 42.2 -6.3 66.5 -11.8 422 -21.2

Sae NM type of sonnerenflys

Extreme rural 21.5 -4.5 47.1 -8.3 59.7 -4.1 52.3 -6.5

Extreme inner city 13.3 -142 41.4 -10.5 44.8 -10.4 45.7 -10.9

Extreme affluent suburbs 37.4 5.8 88.7 7.5 73.5 6.6 71.5 13.2

Inner-city fringe 21.3 -2.9 88.1 8/.4 -.6 48.5 -8.2

Suburban fringe 32.2 2.4 59.4 1.8 67.7 3.0 81.5 1.1 Medium city 26.0 2.1 69.8 1.8 552 1.6 59.7 .3 Small city 27.2 .6 53.9 81.9 .0 58.1 -3.2

I Median differences of group pnfonnance from the national performance over all exercises (bents/.

2 Highest attained by either want.

SOURCE: Taken from firsycycie mistrial available in the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Sant. Denver. Colo. 80203.

October 1972.

155
Table Assessment of Educational Progress in citizenship, by up end by selected characteristics

of participants: United States, 1969

Selected characteristics

of penis:loans

Participsna. by ape

9.yeer-okb 13-yeer-olde 17-yeer-olds Young adults

laws 26-351

k/edien percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference'Median

percent correct Median difference'

2 3 4 6 7 9

Tsui 84.1 83.2 61.11 60.5

Raglan:

Northeast 65.4 2.0 55.5 2.7 64.5 2.0 83.9 1.0 Southeast 60.8 -2.0 69.3 -3.4 50.9 -6.3 63.3 -4.9 Central 06.0 .1 62.4 1.1 64.1 1.1 66.7 1.1 West 63.7 .1 64.1 -.4 67.2 2.4 63.2 1.7

IonMale 63.7 .1 62.8 .4 63.3 .4 64.0 1A

Female 63.8 -.1 62.5 -.4 62.3 -.4 59.0 -1.3

Colas: White 86.6 1.9 66.8 1.7 65.7 12 63.3 1.6 Slack 51.5 -8.9 60.1 -7.0 46.6 -9.8 47.1 -9.8

Other 51.0 -8.9 47.8 -82 49.9 -8.1 50.6 -7.6

Parent's whosation:2

No high school 52.9 -5.5 48.2 -9.6 44.8 -9.1 53.0 -6.4

Some high school 56.3 -3.3 60.8 -6.2 45.6 -8.5 00.9 -09

High 'shoot graduate 66.3 ,5 56.6 -1.4 61.8 .3 86.8 2.4

Port high school 68.7 4.0 64.1 3.9 66.6 6.0 73.2 7.5

Unknown 67.2 -5.3 49.8 -6.2 38.7 -11.0 43.3 -14.2

Slae and type ef sommunhy:

Extreme rural 54.9 -4.4 55.8 -4.2 54.6 -4.8 57.3 -3.9

Extreme inner city 49.5 -7.8 52.5 -8.0 53.1 -4.8 55.3 -5.9

Extreme effluent suburbs 60.1 4.3 69.5 4A 89.5 5.3 73.7 8.8

Inner-city fringe 61.2 -.6 85.8 .0 69.3 .4 61.0 -2.1

Suburban fringe 64.3 .7 64.5 .8 67.1 2.4 62.6 .4 Medium city 65.1 12 86.1 1.0 64.9 1.1 58.9 -1.0

Smell city 61.1 .3 64.0 -.2 58.9 -1.9 57.9 -2.3

Median differences of (roue performance from the national performance over all exercises (Items).

2 Highest stained by either potent

SOURCE: Taken from first-cycle material available In the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colo. 80203. October 1972.

156
Table 181. - National Panossinont of Educational Propos in miaow, by sos and by Wooled characteristics of participants:

United Stow 1989

Selected characteristics of Participants

Participants, by opt

ffyear-olds 13-year.olds 17.yeeroldo Young adults

(ages 26-361 Median argent WM( Median difference" Medan

percent correct Median difference' Median percent. correct Median difforonosi Median percent 0341111Ct Median difference"

1 2 3 4 6 8 7 8 9

Total 61.3 58.4 47.1 51.3 Region: Northsast 71.6 2.3 82.2 2.0 49.1 2.8 53.8 0.8 Southeast 80.9 -5.0 49.6 -4.7 39.9 -4.9 42.7 -4.9

Central 71.3 1.6 80.3 1.9 47.7 -.0 61.8 .7 West 67.4 .0 57.5 -.6 48.8 1.7 54.2 2.4 Set: Male 70.1 .9 60.9 1.5 61.2 2.8 67.9 6.3

Female 87.5 -.9 56.1 -1.4 44.6 -2.3 45.8 -4.7 Color: White 72.7 3.1 62.6 3.2 48.9 2.1 64.4 2.7 Bieck 47.7 -14.6 37.1 -15.0 29.7 -11.8 29.2 -15.8 Other 52.8 -10.3 45.0 -9.8 37.2 -4.8 43.4 -10.8

Parent's education:2 No high school 55.2 -7.2 44.0 -11.8 35.0 -8.4 41.9 -7.9

Some high school

High school graduate 80.089.4

-4.8

.6 46.9 56A

-6.1

-1.3

35.3

48.8

-7.8

.1 48.1 552

-1.6

3.0 Post high school 78.7 58 88.6 6.2 522 5.1 64.0 9.1 Unknown 81.1 -4.5 47.0 -7.7 33.0 -9.1 30.3 -18.8

Sise and type of community: Extreme rural 57.8 -8.3 47.5 -8.1 37.3 -3.5 452 -4.7

Extreme inner city 44.4 -15.1 39.1 -13.7 35.8 -7.3 34.5 -10.2

Extreme effluent suburbs 78.5 7.3 87.4 6.3 67.2 6.1 64.8 10.9

lnrar.city hinge 84.2 -2.6 52.7 -3.8 47.1 .3 48.6 -2.9

Suburban fringe 71.4 2.7 62.6 2.9 48.8 1.0 51.5 .8 Medium city 89.0 .8 81.0 1.9 47.8 1.3 52.4 .3 Small city 68.7 .9 56.8 .6 44.1 -1.4 48.7 -2.7

I Median differences of group performance from the national performance over all exercises (imns).

2 Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Token from fint-cycie material available In the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1880 Lincoln Street, banes, Colo. 80203. October 1972.

157
Table 182. - National Assessment of Educational Progress in reeding, by age and by sainted characteristics of

participants: 1...ht!itni States, 1970-71

Selected characteristics

of participants

Participants, by Sp

9yearolds 13-yearolds 17-year-olds Young adults

(apes 26-35) Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median difference' Median percent correct Median differences

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Total 72.6 71.8 80.3 83.4

Region:

Northeast 78.2 2.1 74.9 2.1 82.8 1.4 83.9 1.0 Southeast 65.4 -5.5 65.8 -4.6 74.6 -4.7 74.4 -7.5

Central 75.7 2.9 75.3 22 822 1.7 84.4 1.6 West 70.4 -.9 71.7 -.2 78.7 -.1 86.3 2.1 Sex: Mate 69.1 -2.2 69.1 -2.3 78.6 -1.9 83.0 .1 Female 76.8 2.3 74.4 2.3 82.8 1.9 82.1 -.1

Color:

White 76.4 2.7 78.0 2.6 82.6 2.2 85.7 2.4 Bleck 54.3 -15.8 51.3 -16.2 61.1 -18.3 82.4 -18.6

Other 60.5 -7.4 87.1 -3.5 78.0 -3.4 74.6 -6.1

Parents education:2

No high school 61.1 -8.7 55.5 -11.8 66.9 -10.9 74.8 -8.6

Some hip!, school 64.9 -4.8 65.6 -4.2 73.9 -6.2 83.1 -.1

High school graduate 73.6 .8 72.6 .7 81.1 -.1 88.1 2.8 Post high school 80.0 53 90.1 6.6 869 5.3 90.8 7.7 Unknown 68.0 -4.6 68.7 -9.8 69.4 -8.0 63.7 -18.0

Size and type of community:

Extreme rural 67.0 -42 662 -3.8

Extreme inner city 58.6 -14.0 60.6 -7.3

Extreme affluent suburb 81.9 8.0 78.8 5.6

Inner-city fringe 74.8 1.3 70.7 -.8

Suburban fringe 78.0 2.1 76.1 2.2 Medium city 71.3 .1 71.5 .3 Small city 71.6 -.3 70.6 -.6

Size of community:

Big city 79.8 -.7 78.9 -3.2

Big-city fringe 84.0 2.8 84.9 1.6 Medium city 81.1 .6 832 .5

Small place 77.4 -1.8 83.7 .6

I Median differences of group performance from the national performance ow all exercises (items).

2 Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Taken from first-cycle material available in the files of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1880 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colo. 80203.

October 1972.

158
Table 183.-Nadonel Assessment of Educational Progress in literature, by age and by selected

characteristics zf participially United States, 1970-71

Selected characteristics of participants

Participants, by age

9-year-olds 11yespolde 17.year.olds Young adults

(ages 26-35) Median percent correct Median

dif emnos I Medianpercent correct Maliandifference' Medianpercent correct Median difference) Median

percent

COMM

Median difference[ 2 3 4 5 6 7 B 9 TOW 44.9 53.3 81.1 83.0 Northeast 48.3 0.7 54.8 1.1 62.8 1.1 65.9 2.4 Southeast 37.5 -4.0 47.0 -3.5 58.3 -4.3 52.9 -7.7

Central 49.7 2.6 63.7 .9 62.6 1.3 62.5 .0 West 43.1 .6 54.8 1.3 61.9 .4 86.0 2.2 Sea: Male 43.6 -.7 50.3 -1.6 59.8 -1.1 63.0 .1 Fermis 44.1 .7 53.0 1.6 61.1 1.0 63.3 -.1

Color: White 48.4 2.3 56.2 2.3 62.8 1.9 66.1 2.1 Black 30.8 -13.3 372 -12.3 46.7 -13.8 41.9 -16.2

Other 33.8 -8.6 60.4 -.7 53.8 -3.5 65.9 -3.3

Parent's education:2 No high school 32.7 -7.3 41.2 -9.1 46.6 -10.8 532 -8.5

Some high school 36.0 -42 46.1 -3.6 52.5 -6.3 60.7 -1.4

High school graduate 45.8 .6 53.8 -.2 69.7 65.3 1.8 Post high school 51.5 6.0 60.6 5.9 69.3 6.9 74.1 10.1 Unknown 38.9 -4.5 39.1 -9.9 48.8 -9.2 37.4 -13.7

Site and type of community:

Extreme rural 39.5 -3.6 511 -2.8

Extreme inner city 34.1 -9.5 45.4 -6.3

Extreme affluent suburb 49.7 7.3 59.5 5.5 Onner.city fringe 44.0 -.4 47.2 -.8

Suburban fringe 45.6 2.7 53.2 1.3 Medium city 43.6 -1.5 52.3 .1 Smell city 44.3 .4 52.1 -.5

Site of community:

Big aty 58.7 -1.0 60.2 -1.2

Big-city fringe 64.7 2.6 63.9 1.7 Medium city 62.2 .6 65.2 1.7 Smell Piece 60.2 -1.5 62.1 -.9

'Median differences of group performance from the national performance over all exercises (items).

2Highest attained by either parent.

SOURCE: Ts Ikon from iirsttyne malarial available In the film of National Assessment of Educational Progress, 1860 Lincoln Street, Denver, Colo. 80203.

October 1972.

159
Digest of Educational Statistics

INDEX

A

Page

Accounting, degrees conferred 95

Additions to plant value, higher education 111

Administrative units (school districts) . . . 12, 52-53

Adult education:

expenditures, public schools 63

participants in 10

Age:

enrollment by 8-9

ranges for compulsory and permissive

attendance 33

Agriculture:

degrees conferred 95

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, vocational education 43-44

formal awards, organized occupational

curriculums 103-104

Algebra, enrollment, public secondary schools . . . 42

All levels of education 5-27

American college students abroad 140

Annual expenditure per pupil, public elementary

and secondary schools 65

Annual salary. (See: Salaries.)

Annuity funds, higher education 108--109

Applied research funds 125-126, 153

Architecutre:

degrees conferred 95

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Area studies, degrees conferred 95

Art, degrees conferred 97

Associate degrees 102

Auxiliary enterprises, higher education .105, 108, 1 1 1

Available instruction rooms 51

Average daily attendance 32, 34-35

Average daily membership 32

Average length of school year 32, 34-35

B

Bachelor's degrees

Bacteriology, degrees conferred

Basic administrative units

Basic research funds 124,

Biochemistry, degrees conferred

Biological Sciences:

degrees conferred

enrollment for advanced degrees

Biology:

degrees conferred

enrollment, public secondary schools

Board rates

Bond elections, results of

Book and periodical prices

12,

126,

95-100

95

52 -53

152-153

95

95

80-81

95

42

110

60

149-150

Page

Botany, degrees conferred 95

Business and management:

degrees conferred 95-96

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

formal awards, organized occupational

curriculums 104

Business education, degrees conferred 96

C

Capital outlay:

all levels of education 22, 25

higher education. (See: Additions to plant value.)

public elementary and secondary

schools 61-63, 65

Catholic schools:

elementary and secondary 40

institutions of higher education 72, 93

Chemistry:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Church affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 40

institutions of higher education 72, 93

City school systems 37

Classrooms. (See: Instruction rooms.)

Classroom teachers:

nonpublic elementary and secondary

schools 44-45

public elementary and secondary schools . 45-48

secondary schools, by field 44, 48

College faculty. (See: Faculty, higher education.)

College graduates, male, by field 102

College students, selected

characteristics of 77-78, 81

Colleges and universities. (See:

Institutions of higher education.)

Communications, degrees conferred 96

Community colleges, expenditures 63

Community services, expenditures 63

Completed instruction rooms 51

Compulsory attendance, age ranges for 33

Computer and information sciences:

degrees conferred 96

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Consultants, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

Cuban refugee program funds 131

Current expenditures:

all levels of education 22, 25

higher education 111-113

public elementary and secondary schools . . 61-65

Current-fund income, higher education . . . 105-108
Page

D

Daily attendance as a percent of

enrollment 32, 34-35

Degrees, earned:

associate 102

bachelor's, first-professional,

master's, doctor's 94-101

by sex 95- 100,102

dentistry 99-100

engineering 96-97, 100

historical summary 100

law 99-100

major field of study 95-100

medicine 99-100

Denominational affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 40

institutions of higher education 72, 93

Dentistry:

degrees conferred 99-100

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Development funds 126, 152-153

Draftees failing mental test 18

Distributive occupations, enrollment 43-44

Districts, school 12, 52-53

Doctor's degrees 95-101

Dormitory rooms, charges for 110

Dramatic arts, degrees confeired 97

Dropouts:

employment of 137-138

percent of population 14 to 19 54

E

Earned degrees. (See: Degrees, earned.)

Earnings by years of school completed 20-21

Economics, degrees conferred 99

Education:

adult 10

all levels 5-27

degrees conferred 96

elementary and secondary 29-66

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

exceptional children 36

Federal programs 117-134

higher 67-116

selected statistics 135-159

structure 4

vocational 43-44, 66

Educational administration and supervision,

degrees conferred 96

Educational attainment 14-16

Educational exchange program grants 125

Educational research expenditures 130, 152

Educational television 146

Education in the United States, structure of 4

Elementary and secondary education 29-66

Elementary and Secondary Education Act . 129, 134

Elementary education, degrees conferred 96

Elementary schools:

nonpublic 12, 53

public 12,53

162

Employment:

college graduates

high school graduates and dropouts

Endowment funds

Engineering:

degrees conferred

enrollment, advanced degrees

enrollment, higher education

graduates, organized occupational

curriculums

English:

degrees conferred

enrollment, advanced degrees

enrollment, public high schools

Enrollment:

adult education

advanced degrees

ages 3-34 and 5-34

all levels of education

by age

by grade

by race

by sex

elementary schools:

nonpublic

public

engineering

English:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 42

exceptional children 6-7, 36

foreign languages:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 41-42

higher education:

advanced degrees 80-81

by sex 68, 71, 73-74, 76-78, 80-84

by type of institution 73

degree-Credit 69-70, 73-76

engineering 82

extension 70, 76

first-professional degrees 70, 76, 80

first-time 69,76-78

full-time 68,71,76,80

graduate 70, 75-76, 80-82

junior colleges 73, 83

non-degree-credit 70, 76

part-time 68,71,76,80

privately controlled institutions 68, 72-74, 76

publicly controlled institutions . 68, 72-74, 76

resident 70, 75-76

undergraduate 70, 75-76

high schools. (See: Secondary schools.)

junior colleges 73, 83

kindergartens 31, 38, 40

land-grant institutions 116

large cities 37

mathematics:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 42

preprimary programs 40

Page

138-139

136-138

108-109, 114

96-97, 100

80-81

82

103-104

98

80-81

42

10

80-81

8-9

6-9

8-9

31

8

8

38-41

30-31, 34-36, 38-39

82
Page

science:

advanced degrees 80-81

public secondary schools 42

secondary schools:

nonpublic 33, 38-41

public 30-31, 33-36, 38-39

social sciences, advanced degrees 80-81

social sciences, public secondary schools 42

special education for exceptional children . 6-7, 36

vocational education

Exceptional children, enrollment:

public day schools

residential schools

Expenditures:

adult education

all levels of education

by source of funds

community colleges

community services

educational research

Federal Government

higher education

instructional materials

libraries

43-44

36

6-7, 36

63

22-26

22-23

63

63

130,152

22-23, 123-124

111-113

134

147-149

per pupil, public schools 65

public elementary and secondary schools . . 61-65

pupil transportation 37

State and local governments 22-23, 26-27

summer schools, public elementary and

secondary 63

vocational education 66

Extension courses, enrollment 70, 76

F

Faculty, higher education:

abroad 140

by academic rank 85-86, 88-89

by field 85

by sex 87-89

by type of institution 87-89

demographic and background

characteristics 86-87

professional background and academic

activity 86, 88

Faculty salaries 89-90

Federal programs for education 117-134

Federally affected areas, aid to 124, 129

Fees, higher education students 110

Fellowship programs, Federal 127

Field of study:

college graduates, male, in population 102

earned degrees 95-100

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

secondary schools 41-42

Finances. (See: Capital outlay, Current

expenditures, Expenditures, Income,

Property, Receipts, Salaries.)

Fine and applied arts:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment for advanced degrees 80 -81

163

Page

First-professional degrees 94, 99-100

First-time college students 69,76-78

Foreign languages and literature:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

secondary schools 41-42

Foreign students in American colleges . . . . 141-144

Forestry:

degrees conferred 95

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Four-year institutions:

enrollment 73, 90

number 90, 92

French:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

Full-time college students 68, 76, 80

Funds, Federal, for education 121-137

G

General mathematics, enrollment, public

secondary schools 41

General science, enrollment, public

secondary schools 41

Geography:

degrees conferred 99

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Geology, degrees conferred 98

Geometry, enrollment, public

secondary schools 42

German:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

Gifted, special education for the 36

Gifts and grants, higher education . .. 105, 108-109

Government, degrees conferred 99

Grade enrollment 31

Graduate students:

by field of study 80-81

enrollment 70, 75-76, 80-82

Graduates:

high school:

number 54-56

employment 136-138

institutions of higher education 94-102

organized occupational curriculums 103-104

Greek, degrees conferred 97

Gress national product, relation to

expenditures for education 24-25

Guidance personnel, public elementary

and secondary schools 46

H

Handicapped, special education for the 36

Health occupations (vocational) enrollment . . 43-44

Health professions:

degrees conferred 97, 99-100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Higher education 67-116
Page

High school graduates:

employment 136-138

nonpublic 56

public 56

total 54-56

High schools. (See: Secondary schools.)

High school seniors, educational

experience and personal aspirations 57

Historical summary statistics:

higher education 84

public elementary and secondary schools . . 34-35

History, degrees conferred 99

Home economics:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment:

advanced degrees 80-81

vocational education 43-44

graduates, organized occupational

curriculums 103

1 Illiteracy 17-18

Income:

all levels of education 21

by age 20-21

by years of school completed 20-21

higher education 105-110

personal 64,113

public elementary and secondary schools . 58-60

Indians, enrollment in Federal schools for 6-7

Institutions of higher education:

by control 12,90,92-93

by denominational affiliation 93

by size 90

by type 90,92

conferring most doctor's degrees 101

enrolling largest number of students 71

for men, for women, and coeducational 91

with large libraries 148

Instructional materials, funds for 134

Instructional staff, elementary

and secondary schools:

nonpublic 44-45

public 45-48

Instruction rooms:

abandoned 51

available 51

completed 51

Interest payments 61-63,65

International educational activities 140-145

Italian:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

J

Journalism:

degrees conferred 96

enrolhnent for advanced degrees 80-81

Junior colleges:

enrollment 73,83,90

164

Page

Junior collegesContinued

number 83,90,92

Junior high schools 54

Junior-senior high schools 54

K

Kindergartens, enrollment 31,38,40

L

Labor force status of high school

graduates and dropouts 136-138

Land-grant institutions 116

: vgrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

Law:

degrees conferred 98-100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Letters, degrees conferred 98

Level of school completed 14-16

Liberal arts colleges, enrollment 73

Librarians:

by type of library 147

public elementary and secondary schools 46

Libraries:

college and university 148-149

large public 146

large university 148

public 146-147

Library expenditures:

college and university 148-149

public 147

Library science:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

lifetime income by years of school

completed 21

Literature, degrees conferred 98

Local basic administrative units 12,52-53

Local public school systems, statistics of 36

Local sources, receipts from:

all levels of education 21

higher education 105,108

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

M

Major field of study:

college graduates, male, in

population 102

degrees conferred 95-100

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Master's degrees 95-100

Mathematics:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment, advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, public high schools 42

Medical technologies, degrees conferred 97

Medicine:

, degrees conferred 99-100
Page

Medicine: Con tinued

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Mentally retarded, special education 36

Mental tests, draftees failing 18

Military sciences, degrees conferred 98

Minority students:

enrolled in school 8

in elementary and secondary schools . . .. 153-154

Music, degrees conferred 97

Music education, degrees conferred 96

N

National Assessment of Educational Progress:

citizenship 156

literature 159

reading 158

science 157

writing 155

National Defense Education Act

(NDEA) 124., 130, 134

Negroes:

enrolled in school 8

in elementary and secondary schools 154

institutions attended predominantly by 82

Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers

enrollment

expenditures

graduates

instructional staff

number

Nonrevenue receipts, public elementary

and secondary schools

Nonsupervisory instructional staff, public

elementary and secondary schools

Nursing, degrees conferred

44-45

33, 38-41

22-23, 25

56

44-45

12, 53

58

46

97

0

Occupations:

college graduates

high school graduates

school dropouts

Office occupations (vocational)

enrollment

Office of Education, programs

administered by 123, 127-131, 133-134

One-teacher schools, public elementary 53

Organized occupational curriculums,

formal awards based on 103-104

138-139

138

138

43-44

P

Part-time college students 68, 71, 76, 80

Per capita personal income 64

Per pupil cost of transportation 37

Personal income:

per capita 64

related to expenditures for higher

education 113

165

Personal income :Continued Page

related to expenditures for public

elementary and secondary schools 64

Pharmacy, degrees conferred 97

Philosophy:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Physical education, degrees conferred 96

Physical plant, higher education, value of 114

Physical sciences:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Physics:

degrees conferred 98

enrollment, public secondary schools 42

Plant value, higher education 114

Political science, degrees conferred 99

Population:

by continent 144

by country 145

college-age 74-75

percent:

3-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8-9

5-to-34-years-old enrolled in school 8

with 4 years of college 14,16

with 4 rears of high school 14, 16

with less than 5 years of

elementairschool 14, 16

school-age 33-35

Postgraduate (high school) enrollment 31

Preprimary programs, enrollment in 40

Principals, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

Private elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 44-45

enrollment 33, 38-41

expenditures 22-23, 25

graduates 56

instructional staff 44-45

number 12, 53

Private gifts and grants, higher

education 105, 108-109

Privately controlled institutions of

higher eduCation:

endowment 114

enrollment 68, 72-74, 76

expenditures 111-112

faculty salaries 89

income 105-107, 109-110

number 12, 90, 92-93

physical piaiit value 114

student charges 110

Professional, degrees 94, 99-100

Professional schools, enrollment 73

Property, higher education, value of 114

Protestant schools:

elementary and secondary 40

institutions of higher education 72, 93

Psychological personnel, public elementary

and secondary schools 46

Psychology:

degrees conferred 98
Page

Psychology:Continued

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Public affairs and services, degrees

conferred 98

Public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 45-48

enrollment 30-31, 33-36, 38-39

expenditures 61-65

graduates 56

instructional staff 45-48

number 12, 53-54

revenue receipts 58-60

Publicly controlled institutions of

higher education:

endowment 114

enrollment 68, 72-74, 76

expenditures 111-112

faculty salaries 89

irrome 105-107, 109-110

mcnber 12, 90,92-93

physical plant value 114

student charges 110

Public school systems 12, 52-53

Pupils:

enrollment 30-44

expenditures 65

transportation 37

R

Receipts:

all levels of education 21

higher education 105-110

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

Regular 4-year high schools 54

Religion:

degrees conferred 98-99

enrollment for advanced degrees 80-81

Religious affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 40

institutions of higher education 72, 93

Research and development funds .. .. 126, 152-153

Residence and migration of college students .. . . 79

Residential schools, exceptional

children, enrollment 6-7, 36

Retention rates 13-14

Revenue receipts, public elementary

and secondary schools 58-60

Room charm 110

Russian:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

S

Salaries:

higher education:

by.kmademic rank 89-90

yrignit:ely controlled institutions 89

publicly controlled institutions 89

:,.by size of institution 89

166

Page

Salaries:Continued

by type of institution 89

offered degree candidates 139-140

library expenditures for 147-149

public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 49

total instructional staff 48, 50

scientists 151

School assistance in federally

affected areas 124, 129

School bond elections, results of 60

School districts 12, 52-53

School lunch program funds 125

School retention rates 13-14

School systems 12, 52,-53

School year, length 32, 34-35

School years completed 14-16

Schools:

elementary and secondary:

nonpublic 12, 53

public 12,53 -54

higher education:

private 12, 90, 92-93

public 12, 90, 92-93

Science, enrollment, public high schools 42

Scientists:

by employer 151

by field 151

salaries 151

Secondary education, degrees conferred 96

Secondary schools:

nonpublic 12,53

public:

junior high 54

junior-senior high 54

senior high 54

total 12, 53-54

traditional 54

Secondary school teachers, by field:

nonpublic 44

public 48

Statistics related to education in the U.S... 135-159

Senior high schools 54

Size of enrollment:

institutions of higher education 90

school districts 53

Social sciences:

degrees conferred 99

enrollment, advanced degrees 80-81

enrollment, public high schools 42

Social work, degrees conferred 98

Sociology, degrees conferred 99

Spanish:

degrees conferred 97

enrollment, public secondary schools 41

Special education for exceptional children .. 6-7, 36

Speech, degrees conferred 98

Staff. (See: Faculty, Classroom teachers,

Instructional staff, Teachers.)

State governments, receipts from:

all levels of education 21
Page

State governments, receipts from:Continued

' higher education 105, 108

public elementary and secondary schools . . 58-60

Statistics, degrees conferred 98

Student fees, higher education 110

Student loan funds 108 109

Student loan (Federal) programs . . 115, 124, 130

Students. (See: Enrollment.)

Subcollegiate departments, higher education:

enrollment 6-7

instructional staff 11

Summer school expenditures, public

elementary and secondary schools 63

Supervisors, public elementary and

secondary schools 46

T

Teachers:

all levels of education 11

elementary and secondary schools:

by field 44, 48

characteristics . 47-48

nonpublic 44-45

public 45-48

higher education:

resident instruction 85

selected characteristics 86-88

salaries:

higher education 89-90

public elementary and secondary

schools 48-50

Teachers and other instruction_ staff,

public elementary and secondary schools:

number 46

salaries 48, 50

Teachers colleges, enrollment 73

Technical education (vocational) enrollment . 43-44

Technical and semiprofessional programs,

awards based on 103-104

Technological schools, enrollment 73

Television, public 146

Tests, draftees failing 18

Theological, religious schools, enrollment 73

Theology:

degrees conferred 99

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Trades and industry (vocational) enrollment . 43-44

Traditional high schools 54

Traineeship and training grant programs,

Federal 127

Transportation, public elementary and

secondary schools 37

167

Page

Trigonometry, enrollment, public

secondary schools 42

Tuition and Etcs, higher education 110

Two-year institutions:

enrollment 73, 83, 90

number 83, 90, 92

U

Undergraduate enrollment 70, 75-76

U.S. college faculty abroad 140

U.S. college students abroad 140

U.S. education, structure of 4

Universities:

enrollment 73, 90

number 90, 92

V

Value of physical plant, Igher education /14

Value of nonexpendable funds, higher

education 114

Value of property, higher education 114

Veterinary medicine:

degrees conferred 99

enrollment for professional degrees 80

Vocational agriculture, enrollment 43-44

Vocational education:

enrollment 43-44

expenditures 66

Federal funds 66,124, 129, 133-134

teachers 44

Volumes:

college and university libraries 148-149

public libraries 146-147

Wages or salary of full-time employees 48

Whites and nonwhites:

enrollment 8

test scores 154

years of school completed 14-15

Y

Years of school completed:

Persons 25 years old and over 14-16

Persons 25 to 29 years old 14

Z

Zoology, degrees conferred 95