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________________ O n R evi ew of a D eci s i on of the B oard of Im m i grat i on A pp eal s I m m i gr at i on J udge: H onor abl e C har l es M
. H oneym an

( N o. A 96- 203- 853)

_______________ Subm i t t ed U nderT hi r d C i r cui tL A R 34. 1( a)

A pr i l 23, 2008 B efor e: A M B R O , FI SH E R and J O R D A N , C i r cui tJ udges

( Fi l ed M ay9, 2008 )

___________________ OP I NI ON

___________________ P E R C UR I AM C hi oi rul A nam, an I ndones i an nat i ve and c i t i zen, pet i t i ons forr evi ew of a f i nal
or derof the B oar d of I m m i gr at i on A ppeal s ( “B I A ”) , aff i r m i ng the deni al bytheA nam ar r i ved i n the U ni t ed St at es i n 2001 butdi d notfi l e hi s as y l um appl i cat i on 1 unt i l 2004. -2- I m m i gr at i on J udge ( “I J ”) of A nam’s appl i cat i on foras y l um , w i thhol di ng of r emoval and rel i ef un der the C on ven t i on A gainstT orture ( “C A T ”). B efore the IJ, A nam , a Javan ese M us l i m , t es t i fi ed thathi s s t or e w as l oot ed and burned al ong w i th others urr oundi ng s t or es , w hi ch w er e pr edomi nant l yC hi nes e- ow ned. T he I J deni ed A nam’s appl i cat i ons beca us e he di d notfi nd A nam’s t es t i m onyt o be cr edi bl e. W e w i l l denyA nam’s pet i t i on f o r re v iew b e c a u se su b sta n tial e v id e n c e su p p o rts th e IJ’ s a d v e rse c re d ib ili ty d eterm ination
. S ee G u o v . A sh cro ft, 3 8 6 F
. 3 d 5 5 6 , 5 6 1 (3d C ir
. 2 0 0 4 ). W e h a v e ju risd ictio n p u rsu a n t to 8 U .S .C . § 1 2 5 2 (a ). W h e re th e B IA su b sta n tially a d o p t s th e f

i n d i n g s o f

th e I J , we r e v i e w th e d e c i s i o n s o f b o th th e I J a n d th e BI A. He C h u n C h en v . A sh cro ft, 3 7 6 F
. 3 d 2 1 5 , 2 2 2 (3d C ir
. 2 0 0 4 ). T h e IJ f

o u n d th a t A n a m w a s in e lig ib le f o r a sy lu m a s a re su lt o f

h is f a ilu re to f

ile hi s appl i cat i on w i thi n one y earof the dat e of hi s arr i val i n the U ni t ed St at es . See 8 U
. S. C
. § 1158( a) ( 2) ( B )
. T he I J al s o found thatA nam di d nots how extr aor di naryor 1 c h a n g e d c i r c u ms t a n c e s t o e x c u s e h i s u n t i me l ya s y l u m a p p l i c a t i o n . S e e 8 U. S
. C. § 1 1 5 8 (a )(2 )(D ). W e w ill n o t d istu rb th e se f in d in g s b e c a u se w e lac k ju risd ictio n to r evi ew agenc ydet erm i nat i ons of as y l um - appl i cat i on unt i m el i nes s , s ee Tarr aw al l yv. A s hcr oft , 338 F. 3d 180, 185 ( 3d C i r . 2003) ; w e l ack j ur i s di ct i on overthes e part i cul ar unt i m el i nes s fi ndi ngs beca us e A nam fai l ed t o chal l enge them befor e the B I A , s ee B onhom etr e v. G onzal es , 414 F. 3d 442, 447- 48 ( 3d C i r . 2005) ; and, i n anycas e, A nam d o e s n o t c h a lle n g e th e f in d in g s in th is p e titio n f o r r e v ie w . T o o b tain w ith h o ld in g o f re m o v a l, A n a m b o re th e b u rd e n o f e sta b lish in g th a t h is l i fe orfr eedom w oul d be thr eat ened i n I ndones i a on ac countof hi s r ace , r el i gi on, n a t i o n a l i ty , p o l i t i c a l o p i n i o n , o rme mb e r s h i p i n a p a r t i c u l a rs o c i a l g r o u p . 8 U. S
. C. § 1 2 3 1 (b )( 3 )( A ); R o m a n is h yn v . A tt’ yG e n ., 4 5 5 F .3 d 1 7 5 , 1 7 8 n .1 (3 d C ir . 2 0 0 6 ). W e agr ee w i th the I J and the B I A thatA nam fai l ed t o es t abl i s h pas tper s ecut i on; thus he i s not en ti tl ed to a re b u tt ab le pre su m p ti o n o f f u ture p erse cu ti o n . S ee 8 C
. F
. R
. § 1 0 8
. 1 6 (b); G abuy i na v. A t t ’ yG en. , 463 F. 3d 316, 321 ( 3d C i r . 2006)
. E ven i f A nam’s t es t i m ony w a s c re d ib le , th e b u rn in g o f h is s to re b yri o te rs d o e s n o t a m o u n t to p a s t p e rs e c u tio n . R athe r, as th e IJ f

o u n d , h e w as th e v ict im o f g en era ll yh arsh co n d it ion s sh are d b yall store ow ner s i n the ar ea. See Fat i n v. I
. N
. S. , 12 F. 3d 1233, 1240 ( 3d C i r . 1993) ( “[T] he conce ptof per s ecut i on does notencompas s al l tr eatm entthatours oci etyr egar ds as unfai r , unj us toreven unl aw ful oruncons t i tut i onal
. ”) A ddi t i onal l y , A nam di d not d e m o n s tr a t e th a tth i s i n c i d e n to c c u rr e d b e c a u s e o f “ h i s r a c e , r e l i g i o n , n a t i o n a l i ty, m ember s hi p i n a part i cul ars oci al gr oup, orpol i t i cal opi ni on” as r equi r ed under§ 1231. A n a m a ls o f

a ile d to s h o w th a t h e f

a c e d a c le a r p ro b a b ility o f f u tu re p e rs e c u tio n . AA n a m h a s s u b m itt e d se v e ra l ar ticle s a s “ e x h ib its” d o c u m e n tin g c o n d iti o n s in 2 I ndones i a. O urcons i der at i on of A nam’s pet i t i on, how ever , i s l i m i t ed t o the i nform at i on cont ai ned i n the admi ni s tr at i ve r ecor d. See A l
- Far a v. G onzal es , 404 F. 3d 733, 743 ( 3d C ir . 2 0 0 5 ). l ar ge port i on of A nam’s appel l at e br i ef i s devot ed t o des cr i bi ng the di s cr i m i nat i on fac ed bythe ethni c C hi nes e and Chri s t i an popul at i ons i n I ndones i a. A nam’s cont ent i on 2 appea r s t o be thatdur i ng a r i ot , des pi t e bei ng a J avane s e M us l i m , he mi ghtbe mi s t aken forC hi nes e orC athol i c and pe r s ecut ed on thatbas i s . Such a fe ar , how ever , i s t oo sp ec u lat ive. S ee K ratch m aro v v . H esto n , 1 7 2 F
. 3 d 5 5 1 , 5 5 5 (8th C ir
. 1 9 9 9 ). M o reo v er, even i f A nam coul d demonstr at e thatther e i s a patt ern orpr act i ce of per s ecut i on of C hi nes e C hr i s t i ans i n I ndones i a, he ca nnot“es t abl i s h[] hi s . . . ow n i ncl us i on i n and i dent i fi cat i on w i th s uch gr oup of per s ons s uch thati ti s m or e l i kel ythan notthathi s orher l i f e o rf r e e d o m wo u l d b e th r e a t e n e d u p o n r e tu rn t o [ I n d o n e s i a ]
. ” 8 C. F
. R. § 1 2 0 8
. 1 6 (b)(2 )(i i)
. B eca us e A nam re l i es on the s ame evi dence t o s uppor thi s appl i cat i on for p ro te c tio n u n d e r C A T , th a t a p p lic a tio n w a s a ls o ju s tif ia b ly d e n ie d . S e e 8 C .F .R . § 2 0 8 .1 6 (c )( 2 ). F o r t h e a b o v e -s ta te d re a s o n s , w e w ill d e n yth e p e titio n f o r r e v ie w .