DATE: 

SUBJECT: 

FROM: 

TO: 

THRU: 

UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

REGION III 

1650 Arch Street 

Philadelp~ia, Pennsylvania 19103 

JUN 1 S 2013 

Technical Support Document Regarding Monitoring Data -Pennsylvania; 

Determinations of Attainment of the 1997 Annual Fine Particulate Standards for 

the Liberty-Clairton Nonattainment Area 

Maria A. Pino, Senior Air Quality Planning ~s U-!9 Office of Air Program Planning 

Loretta 

Office of 

Hyden, 

Air Monitoring 

Environmental 

& Analysis 

Engineer ~~L ~ 

File 

(_ -- --~ -=- z:c-__ .-~- ~------------·) 

Cristina F emandez, Associate Director 

Office of Air Program Planning 

This document provides a technical review of the air quality monitoring data used to support the 

Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) proposed determination that Liberty-Clairton, PA 

annual PM2.

5 nonattainment area (the Liberty-Clairton Area) has attained the 1997 annual fine 

particulate (PM2.5) national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS) by its statutory attainment 

date and EPA's proposed clean data determination for the Liberty-Clairton Area. 

I. BACKGROUND 

On July 16, 1997, EPA established an annual PM2.5 NAAQS at 15.0 micrograms per cubic meter 

(J..tg/m3

) based on a 3-year average of annual mean PM2.5 concentrations (62 FR 38652, July 18, 

1997). See 40 CFR 50.7. The 1997 annual PMz.s NAAQS was based on significant evidence 

and numerous health studies demonstrating that serious health effects are associated with 

exposures to particulate matter. 

On January 5, 2005 (70 FR 944), EPA published its nonattainment area designations for the 1997 

annual PM2.5 NAAQS based upon air quality monitoring data for calendar years 2001-2003. 

These designations, effective on April 5, 2005, included the Liberty-Clairton Area as a 

nonattainment area for the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. The Liberty-Clairton Area is comprised 

ofthe following portion of Allegheny County: the boroughs ofLincoln, Glassport, Liberty, and 

Port Vue and the City of Clairton. See 40 CFR 81.339 (Pennsylvania). The Liberty-Clairton 

Area is surrounded by, but separate and distinct from the Pittsburgh-Beaver Valley PM2.5 

nonattainment area. 
II. EVALUATION OF AIR QUALITY MONITORING DATA 

A. Monitoring Network Adequacy 

EPA has previously determined that the PM2.5 monitoring network for the Liberty-Clairton Area 

is adequate. EPA found that the number of monitors in the Liberty-Clairton Area meets the 

minimum regulatory requirements given in 40 CFR part 58, appendix D, section 4.7, and that the 

monitoring network in place is in accordance with the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania's most 

recent annual monitoring network plan approved by EPA, as required by 40 CFR 58.10.1 The 

Liberty-Clairton Area has in place a total of two PM2.s monitoring sites, whose data was eligible 

for comparison to the 1997 annual PM2.

5 NAAQS. All monitors in the network measure ambient 

air quality by following one of EPA's approved FEM, FRM, or ARM, in accordance with 40 

CFR part 53 and part 58. 

B. Data Requirements 

The criteria for determining if an area is attaining the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS are set out in 

40 CFR 50.13 and appendix N. The annual PM2.s NAAQS is met when the annual design value 

is less than or equal to 15.0 j..tg/m3

. Three years of valid annual means are required to produce a 

valid annual standard design value. A year meets data completeness requirements when at least 

75 percent of the scheduled sampling days for each quarter have valid data. Quarterly data 

capture rates (expressed as a percentage) are specifically calculated as the number of creditable 

samples for the quarter divided by the number of scheduled samples for the quarter, the result 

then multiplied by 100 and rounded to the nearest integer. The use ofless than complete data is 

subject to the approval ofEPA, which may consider factors such as monitoring site 

closures/moves, monitoring diligence, and nearby concentrations in determining whether to use 

such data. 

The data must be collected and quality-assured in accordance with 40 CFR part 58, and must be 

recorded in EPA's Air Quality System (AQS). The data supporting attainment ofthe standard 

must be complete in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix N. 

C. Certified Air Quality Monitoring Data, 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 

The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania submitted quality assured air quality monitoring data for 

the Liberty-Clairton Area into AQS. The Commonwealth then certified that data. There are two 

monitors in the area, one in Liberty Borough and one in the City of Clairton. Attached is a 

"Design Value Report" from AQS, containing annual PM2.5 data for the Liberty-Clairton Area 

for 2009-2011 and 2010-2012. Tables 1 and 2, below, summarizes the report. 

1 Allegheny County's 2012 annual ambient monitoring network plan was approved by EPA in a February 21, 2013 

letter from Shawn M. Garvin, Regional Administrator, EPA Region III, to Dr. Ronald Voorhees, MD, MPH Acting 

Director of the Allegheny Health Department. 

2 
Table 1: 2009-2011 Lb i er~ -Clairton Area Annual PM2.s Monitoring Data & Completcnes s 

Annual Mean 2009-2011 Complete Quarters Complete Location Site ID Design Value 

2009 2010 2011 (J.Lg/mJ) 2009 2010 2011 Data? 

Liberty 420030064 15.0 16.0 14.0 15.0 4 4 4 Yes Borough 

City of 420033007 11.3 12.5 10.7 11.5* 4 4 3 No Clairton 

*The annual destgn value for the Clmrton stte reflects mcomplete quarterly data dunng 2011. 

Table 2: 2010-2012 Libe•·~ -Clairton Area Annual PMz.s Monitoring Data & Completenes s 

Annual Mean 2010-2012 Complete Quarters Complete Location Site ID Design Value 

2010 2011 2012 (J.Lg/m3) 2010 2011 2012 Data? 

Liberty 420030064 16.0 14.0 14.3 14.8 4 4 4 Yes Borough 

City of 420033007 12.5 10.7 9.4 10.9* 4 3 4 No Clairton 

*The annual design value for the Clairton site reflects incomplete quarterly data during 2011. 

The design values for both monitors in the Liberty-Clairton Area are 15.0 J..tg/m3 or less, for the 

2009-2011 and 2010-2012 monitoring periods. However, while most of the monitoring data for 

both monitoring periods meets the completeness criteria outlined above, the monitor in the City 

of Clairton has less than complete data for one calendar quarter of 2011. 

D. Data Completeness Issues 

The Clairton monitoring site (42-003-3007) did not meet the completeness requirement for the 

2009-2011 and 2010-2012 monitoring periods. The Clairton site was incomplete for one quarter 

of2011 due to unreliable laboratory analysis results. For this particular monitor, the data 

substitution tests described in EPA's April 1999 guidance document "Guideline on Data 

Handling Conventions for the PM NAAQS" could not be used to show attainment of the 1997 

annual PM2.5 standard for the 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 monitoring periods. Thus, EPA 

addressed the missing data of the incomplete monitor by applying a statistical procedure, 

described below, in order to determine a "diagnostic" annual design value for the monitor for 

2009-2011 and 2010-2012 monitoring periods. Details ofthe statistical analyses are set out in 

Appendices Band C ofthis document. 

1. Description of EPA's Statistical Method 

The general concept of the statistical method used is to determine whether an incomplete monitor 

(target monitor) would have met the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS by replacing the missing data of 

the target monitor with data from another monitor (candidate monitor) located within or in the 

vicinity of the nonattainment area. The first step of the statistical method is to establish a linear 

regression relationship between the target monitor and the candidate monitor, and then to use the 

3 
linear regression to fill in the missing data for the target monitor in any quarter ofthe three-year 

period that did not satisfy the 75 percent completeness requirements based on actual 

observations. A "diagnostic annual design value" for the monitoring period is calculated with 

the imputed data and then checked with an additional statistical technique, referred to as 

bootstrapping, to verify if the monitor has attained the 1997 annual PM2.

5 NAAQS. The 

diagnostic annual design value is used to judge whether a monitoring location would likely have 

monitored attainment of the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS had the monitor collected complete 

valid data during this time. 

The candidate monitor is selected based on 3 different aspects: correlation value, quarterly data 

captured, and site pairing. The correlation value (R2) from the linear regression should indicate a 

"strong" linear relationship ofthe PM2.5 data from the candidate monitor and the target monitor. 

Then, the mean of the quarterly data captured (expressed in percentage) which provides the 

average data collection rate at each site, should determine that the site has sufficient data during 

the missing period of the target monitor. Additionally, pairing the site data assists in establishing 

more precise comparisons with fewer observations. 

The target monitor in this analysis is the Clairton monitor (at site 42-003-3007). The 

methodology is used to appropriately fill in the missing data of2011 for this monitor, to judge 

whether the monitoring location would likely have monitored attainment of the 1997 annual 

PM2.s NAAQS had the monitor collected complete valid data during this time. The PM2.5 

monitoring network within the Liberty-Clairton Area has two annual PM2.5 monitoring locations. 

The Liberty monitor (site 42-003-0064) was selected as the candidate monitor, because it meets 

the eligibility requirements described below. 

2. Eligibility 

EPA established criteria to assure that the diagnostic annual design values estimated by the 

method are robust enough to allow consideration of the results in a weight of evidence decision. 

EPA established criteria for both the operating period of the candidate monitor and the number 

of days of samples that the candidate monitor and each of the possible target monitors have in 

common. EPA has not established bright lines or specific requirements for determining 

diagnostic annual design values for monitors with less than complete data. 

Operating Time 

In order to establish a significant relationship between the monitors, the candidate monitor must 

have operated during the monitoring period in the nonattainment area (i.e., during 2009-2011 

and 2010-2012 in the Liberty-Clairton Area). The candidate monitor is not required to have 

complete data in all12 quarters of each 3-year period, yet should have collected sufficient 

observations to fill in the missing days of the target monitor, for the target monitor to satisfy the 

75 percent completeness in each quarter. 

Paired samples 

Pairs of sample data for the target monitor and the candidate monitor from the most recent 20-

4 
quarter period of operation of the target monitor were used. The "period of operation" of the 

target monitor was based on the date of the last reported sample from the monitor. The candidate 

monitor had at least 100 historical sample pairs in common with the target monitor during this 

period. When there were more than 100 pairs in the 20-quarter period all available pairs were 

used. In addition to the 100 pairs over the 20 quarters, the candidate monitor had at least 20 

paired days of data in common with the target monitor for each calendar quarter (adding together 

the number of days in a given calendar quarter [Q1, Q2, Q3, or Q4] across the 20-quarter 

period). 

For this analysis, the one candidate site (Liberty) met the eligibility criteria of 100 pairs over the 

20-quarters, and had at least 20 paired days of data in common with the target monitor for each 

calendar quarter. 

3. Method for Determining Diagnostic Annual Design Values 

The following includes a step-by-step explanation of the methodology used to determine the 

diagnostic annual design value for the target monitor (Clairton). Results are discussed in detail 

in the following section. 

Step 1- Organize data and perform linear regression(s) between target monitor and possible 

candidate monitors. 

All the available paired data within the period limit (see the Eligibility section) was used to 

develop a linear regression to predict target concentrations from candidate concentrations. A 

regression was performed for each possible pairing that met the criteria utilized for 1 00 data 

points and 20 data points per calendar quarter (across all years) in the most recent 20 quarters for 

each potential candidate monitor in the nonattainment area. 

Step 2 - Select candidate site 

The following steps were used to select the candidate monitor: 

(1) All possible candidate monitors were placed in order of highest correlation (based on 

the highest "R-squared" of the linear regression) with the target monitor. 

(2) Using the regression equation relating concentrations at the target monitor and the 

candidate monitor, estimates of the 24-hour average concentrations were made at the 

target monitor for all missing scheduled days in the initially incomplete quarter, during 

the most recent three-year period at the target monitor. Estimates were only made for 

days on which a concentration is available at the candidate monitor. Estimates were not 

made for any days in the quarter for which the target monitor had 75 percent or more 

complete data initially. The estimates were combined with any reported data at the target 

monitor during the recent 3-year period, and the data capture rates were computed for the 

originally incomplete quarter. The computation ofthese data capture rates was based on 

the assumption that the required sampling frequency for the target monitor was recorded. 

If the candidate monitor had a lower sampling frequency than the target monitor, some 

5 
missing scheduled days for the target were not substituted for the regression-based 

estimates. When the candidate monitor had a lower sampling frequency than the target 

monitor, the target monitor sampling schedule was assumed to be a combination of the 

target and candidate monitors schedules, weighted by the number of originally present 

and originally missing scheduled days at the target monitor. 

(3) If after performing the process in step 2, the results produced al112 quarters at the 

target monitor having at least 75 percent of scheduled values, the potential candidate 

monitor was selected as the candidate monitor for the remaining steps. If the 75 percent 

of the scheduled values for the target monitor were not obtained, then step 2 was repeated 

for the next best correlated site. This process was repeated until the target monitor had 

75 percent of its scheduled values. 

For the analysis of the Liberty-Clairton Area during 2009-2011 and 2010-2012, this step was 

completed for the one potential candidate monitor, the Liberty monitor (at site 42-003-0064). 

The Liberty site was selected as the candidate monitor for the Clairton monitor. 

Step 3 - Diagnostic annual design value computed 

The diagnostic three-year averaged annual design values for 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 were 

calculated using the actual observations of the target monitor and the regression-based estimates 

of daily concentrations. The 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 annual diagnostic design values 

computed for the Clairton monitor were below the 1997 annual PM2.5 standard level, 15.0 l-lg/m3

. 

Step 4- Statistical confidence of a diagnostic annual design value below the NAAQS 

In order to show that there is, at most, a 10 percent probability that the actual annual design value 

(had the Clairton monitor operated more days) was above the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS, 

further analysis was performed as follows: 

(1) Residuals were calculated from the regression. 

(2) A bootstrap analysis was performed, repeating the regression-based substitution in 

Step 2 but adding to each estimated 24-hour value that substitutes for a missing scheduled 

monitored value a plus or minus residual that has been randomly drawn (with 

replacement) from the pool of regression residuals. This step randomly applies real 

residuals from the linear regression to the imputed current-period target values. 

(3) Repeat (2) for a total of 1000 runs. 

(4) For each of the 1000 bootstrap trials, the 3-year annual design value was calculated. 

This will provide a pseudo confidence interval for the partially imputed current-period 

annual design value for the target monitor. 

(5) Since none of the 1000 runs resulted in diagnostic annual design values above the 

1997 annual PM2.s NAAQS, the Clairton monitor was considered to have met the 1997 

6 
annual PM2.s NAAQS. 

4. Statistical Results for the Clairton Monitoring Site (42-003-3007) (Clairton) 

In the statistical analyses conducted for the Liberty-Clairton Area, summarized in Appendices B 

and C, the target monitor, Clairton (site 42-003-3007), is identified as Site A and the candidate 

site, Liberty (site 42-003-0064), is identified as Site B. The Liberty monitor had the highest 

correlation with the Clairton monitor and met the operating period and paired data eligibility 

criteria for being a candidate site. 

2009-2011: Appendix B 

Page 3 of Appendix B shows the 2009-2011 annual design values and data capture rates for the 

monitoring sites in the Liberty-Clairton Area. The results of the linear regression between the 

Clairton and Liberty monitors for the 2009-2011 annual design value are shown on page 4 of 

Appendix B. Estimates for the deficient quarterly data for 2009-2011 were made. Missing data 

was filled in so that the Clairton monitor had complete quarters for 2009-2011 for the purpose of 

this analysis. A 2009-2011-diagnostic annual design value of 11.7 )lg/m3 was calculated for the 

Clairton monitor, as shown on page 5 of Appendix B. The statistical confidence of the diagnostic 

annual design value was checked using the method outlined above. None ofthe 1000 

bootstrapping trials resulted in a violating annual design value, which provides statistical 

confidence that the Clairton monitor is attaining the 1997 annual PM2.s NAAQS. The results of 

the 1000 bootstrap trials are provided on page 6 of Appendix B. 

2010-2012: Appendix C 

Page 2 of Appendix C shows the 2010-2012 annual design values and data capture rates for the 

monitoring sites in the Liberty-Clairton Area. The results of the linear regression between the 

Clairton and Liberty monitors for the 2010-2012 annual design value are shown on page 3 of 

Appendix C. Estimates for the deficient quarterly data for 2010-2012 were made. As a result of 

filling in the missing data, the Clairton monitor now had all complete quarters for 2010-2012. A 

2010-2012 diagnostic annual design value of 11.0 )lg/m3 was calculated for the Clairton monitor, 

as shown on page 4 of Appendix C. The statistical confidence of the diagnostic annual design 

value was checked using the method outlined in Step 4. None of the 1000 bootstrapping trials 

resulted in a violating annual design value, which provides statistical confidence that the Clairton 

monitor is attaining the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS. The results ofthe 1000 bootstrap trials are 

provided on page 5 of Appendix C. 

III. CONCLUSION 

EPA has reviewed quality-assured, quality-controlled, and state certified 2009-2011 and 2010-

2012 ambient air quality monitoring data for the Liberty-Clairton Area. EPA has also conducted 

statistical analyses on this data, which was needed because one of the monitors has insufficient 

data capture for one calendar quarter in 2011. As shown in Tables 3 and 4, below, these analyses 

show that design values for both monitors in the Liberty-Clairton Area are 15.0 Jlg/m3 or less for 

the 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 monitoring periods. Therefore, the Liberty-Clairton Area attained 

the 1997 annual PM2.s NAAQS, considering 2009-2011 monitoring data, and continues to meet 

7 
the 1997 annual PM2.5 NAAQS, considering 2010-2012 monitoring data. 

T bl 3 a e : 2009-2011 L iber~-c lairton A rea Annual PM2.5 Monitoring Data & Completenes s 

Annual Mean 2009-2011 Complete Complete Location Site ID Design Value C uarters 

2009 2010 2011 (ptg/m3) 2009 2010 2011 Data? 

Liberty 420030064 15.0 16.0 14.0 15.0 4 4 4 Yes Borough 

City of 420033007 11.3 12.5 10.7 11.5* 1 11.7** 4 4 3 No Clairton 

*The annual design value for the Clairton site reflects incomplete quarterly data during 2011. 

**EPA's statistical procedure was applied to address the missing data and calculate a "complete" 

design value. 

T a e bl 4 2010 2012 L 'b ty Cl . t A A I PM M 't . D t & C l t s . . - 1 cr - air on rea nnua 2.5 om onng a a omp1e enes 

Annual Mean 2010-2012 Complete Complete Location Site ID Design Value Quarters 

2010 2011 2012 (ptg/m3) 2010 2011 2012 Data? 

Liberty 420030064 16.0 14.0 14.3 14.8 4 4 4 Yes Borough 

City of 420033007 12.5 10.7 9.4 10.9* 111.0** 4 3 4 No Clairton 

*The annual design value for the Clmrton site reflects incomplete quarterly data during 2011. 

**EPA's statistical procedure was applied to address the missing data and calculate a "complete" 

design value 

ATTACHMENTS 

- Appendix A: EPA AQS "Design Value Report" (AMP480) dated June 5, 2013, containing 

PM2.s air quality data for 2009-2011 and 2010-2012 for the Liberty-Clairton Area 

- Appendix B: Application oflmputation I Bootstrap Protocol to Liberty/Clairton Annual Std 

Nonattainment Area- 2009-2011, Schmidt 9-16-2012 

- Appendix C: Application oflmputation/Bootstrap Protocol to Liberty-Clairton 1997 NAAQS 

(Annual Std) Nonattainment Area for the Design Value Period, 2010-2012, Schmidt 6-3-2013 

8 
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

User ID: HXN DESIGN VALUE REPORT 

Report Request ID: ll046il.7 Report Code: At-lP480 

GEOGRAPHIC SELECTIONS 

Tribal 

Code State County Site Parameter POC City 

42 

42 

003 

003 

0064 

3007 

PROTOCOL SELECTIONS 

Parameter 

Classification 

DESIGN VALUE 

Parameter Method Duration 

88101 

AQCR UAR CBSA CSA 

I 

SELECTED OPTIONS I 

Option Type Option Value 

SINGLE EVENT PROCESSING EXCLUDE REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVBN'l'S 

WORI<PILE DELIHITER 

USER SITE METADATA 

~1ERG8 PDF FILES 

QUARTERLY DATA IN WORY.FILE 

GLOBAL DATES 

Start Date End Date 

2011 2012 

STREET ADDRESS 

YES 

NO 

EPA 

Region 

Selection Criteria Page 1 

Jun. s, 2013 

~lethod Duration Begin Date End Date 

APPLICABLE STAN!lARDS l 

Standard Description I 

PM25 24-hour 2006 

~l25 Annual 2006 
]JNITED $TATES ENVIRONMENTAL PRO'l'EC'l;ION .AGENCY 

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM 

PRELIMni'ARY DESIGN VALUE REPORT 

~ 1. Computed design valu.es are a snapshot of the data at the tim~ the report was run (may n.ot be all data for year) . 

Repor t Date' Jun . 5, 2 013 

2. Some PM2.5 24-bou.r: DVs for incomplete data that are marked invalid here may be marked valid in tbe Official report due to additional analysis . 

3 . Armual Va lues not meeti ng completeness cJ:iteria are marked w.itb an asterisk (' *' l . 

Page 1 of 3 
UNITED STATES ENV'l:RONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 

AIR QUALITY SYSTEM 

PRELIMIKARY DESIGN VALUE REPORT 

Design Value Year: 2011 

Report Date: Jun. 5, 2013 

Pollutant: Site-LevelEM2. 5 - Local Conditions (8.8101) 

Standard Units: Micrograms/cubic mete·r (LC) (1 05 ) 

NAAQS Standard: PM25 24 - hour 2 006 I PM25 Annual 2006 

REPORT EXCLUDES MEASUREMENTS WITH REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVENT FLAGS. 

Statistic: Annual Weighted Mean Level: 15 

Statistic: Annual 98th Percentile Level: 35 State Name: 

2010 

Pennsylvania 

2011 

Site I.D I 

STREET ADDRESS 

42 - 003 - 0064 

I Cred. Comp. 98th 

I ~ Qrtrs .Perctil 

339 4 38.0 

2 7 93 I>.'ASIUNGTON BLV'O 

4-2-003 - 3007 

LIBERTY 

49 3 30. 3~ 

~0~ WADD&LL AVE, CLAIRTON 

Wtd. 

Me8Jl. 

14 . 0 

10.7* 

Cert& ICred.Comp. 98th Wtd. Cert& 

Eva1 I Days Qrtrs Percti1 Mean Eva1 

34.2 4 48.8 16.0 

55 4 28.2 12.5 

I 2009 

I Cred. Comp. 98th Wtd. 

I ~ Qrtrs Perctil Mean 

346 4 45.3 15.0 

53 4 25.9 1.1.3 

24-Hour I ~ual 

Cert& I Design va1id I Design Valid 

EVal IVa1ue Ind. 1Va1ue Ind. 

44 y 15.0 y 

28 N ll .S N 

Notes: 1. Computed design values are a snapshot of the data a~ the time the report was run (may not be all data for year). 

2. Some PM2.5 24 - bour DVs for incomplete data that are marked inValid bere may be marked valid in the Official report due to additional analysis. 

3. Annual Values no~ mee~ing comple~eness criteria are marked with an asterisk ('*'). 

Page 2 of 3 
UNITE]) STATES .EN'VIRONMENTAL PROTB.CTION AGENCY 

A~R QUALITY SYSTEM 

PRELIMINA:RY DB:SIGN VAI.UE RB:PORT 

Design Value Year: 2012 

Report Date: J un . 5, 2013 

Pollutant: Site-LevelPM2.5 - Local Conditions(88~01) 

Standard Units: Micrograms/cubic meter (LC) (105) 

NAAQS Standard: PM25 24-hour 2006 I Pt~25 Annual 200 6 

REPORT EXCLUDES MEASUREMENTS WITH REGIONALLY CONCURRED EVENT FLAGS. 

Statistic: Annual Weighted Mean Level: 15 

Statistic: Annual 98th Percentile Level: 35 State Name: Pennsylvania 

2CJcl.2 

Site ID j I Cred. Camp. 98th Wtd. cert&. J cred.Comp. 

STREET ADDRESS I Days Qrtrs Perctil Mean Bva1 J oays Qrtrs 

2011 I 2010 I 24-Bour I Annual 

98th Wtd . Cert&. J Cred. Comp. 98th Wtd. Cert&. Joesign valid JDesign Valid 

Perctil ~ Sva~ I Days Qrtrs Perctil. ~ Bval JValue .!!!!h JValue .!!!!h 

42-003-0064 345 4 4.2.5 14.3 s 339 4 38.0 14 . 0 342 4 48.8 16.0 43 y 14.. 8 y 

2743 WASHINGTON BLVD, LIBERTY 

42-003-3007 54 4 19.2 9.4 s 49 l 30.J• 10.7 * 55 4 28 .2 12.5 26 N 10.9 N 

501 WADDELL AVE, CLAIRTON 

~ 1. Computed design values are a snapshot of the data at the time the report was run (may not be all data for year) . 

2. Some PM2.5 24-bour DVs for incomplete data that are marked invalid here may be marked valid in the Official report due to additional analysis. 

3. Annual Values not meeting completeness criteria are marked with an asterisk ('*'). 

Page 3 of 3 
Application of Imputation I Bootstrap 

Protocol to Liberty/Clairton Annual Std 

Nonattainment Area- 2009-2011 

Schmidt 9-16-2012 
Liberty/Clairton Annual Design Value History 

Pennsylvania Allegheny Cot Liberty-Clairt· 420030064 21 

Site A -7 Pennsylvania Allegheny Cot Liberty-Clairt "" 420033007 

20.8 

- - 15.7- 14.9 

1' Annual designations 

based on 2001-2003 data 

• OGC I Region 3 has requested that the draft imputation I 

bootstrap protocol be run for the Liberty Clairton annual standard 

nonattainment area, specifically for site 420033007 that was 

incomplete for part of 2011. Hence, that site is the Site A in the 

analysis. 
Liberty/Clairton Sites & 2009-2011 DVs & Data Capture 

DV DV 20-quarter look I DVSite DVSite 

I 

Area Site A Site B 

A status !! status 

nQairsQl nQairsQ2 nQairsQ3 nQairs04 Site A Site B corr 

Liberty-CI<r 420033007 ' 420033007 

Liberty-Cic:"' 420033007 "'420030064 

11 .5 mc-a 

11.5 inc-a 

11 .5 mc-a 

15 A 

152 

151 

153 

152 

162 

159 

145 1 

140 0.790401 

Site B 

2011 Q4 

Site A -7 "" 420033007 80% 81% 100% 87% 80% 93% 100% 87% 100% 80% 94% 47% 

Site B -7 "'420030064 92% 99% 100% 88% 84% 98% 95% 98% 93% 90% 98% 90% 

•Site 420030064 has, 1) the highest correlation with Site A 1 (and meets the3 criteria stated 

here), and 2) sufficient paired data to establish a good relationship with site A 1, and. 3) 

sufficient (i.e., complete) data available in all quarters of 2009-2011 to produce Site A 1 

estimates for those 12 quarters. And, it is the only other site in the nonattainment area! 

It is the Site B. 
Linear Regression Results 

• The computed 420033003 (Site A1)- 420030064 (Site B) linear relationship is: 

Site A cone. = 2.323568 + 0.999802 Site B cone. 

v_a 

60 

N = 602 

* * * 

50 .J R-square = 0.62 * * 

40 

30 

20 

~* 

~ >!.** * 

**** * *~* * * ~ =- * * * ** * **:~t* *7 * ** ..... *~ .... ~ ** * 

* * \ * *~* * * 

* * * * 

* 

* 

* 

0 I I I I I I I I' I I I I' I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I' IiI I' I I' I iff I I 

0 1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00 

v_b 

• The linear regression is based 

on the most recent 5 years 

(1/2007- 12/2011 

of paired (Site A: Site B) data 

•The residuals from this model 

are used in the subsequent 

bootstrapping 
Imputation & Resulting Data Capture & DV Recalculation 

Before 

year g gmean 

2009 1 10.05 

2009 2 11 . 41 538461 5 

2009 3 12.98 

2009 4 10.6 

2010 1 13.166666667 

2010 2 10.957142857 

2010 3 13.2625 

2010 4 12.492307692 

2011 1 8.02 

2011 2 11.091666667 

2011 3 13.406666667 

2011 4 10.342857143 

After 

year g gmean 

2009 1 10.05 

2009 2 11.415384615 

2009 3 12.98 

2009 4 10.6 

2010 1 13.166666667 

2010 2 10.957142857 

2010 3 13.2625 

2010 4 12.492307692 

2011 1 8.02 

2011 2 11.091666667 

2011 3 13.406666667 

2011 4 13.016666667 

gn nv 

12 

13 

15 

13 

12 

14 

16 

13 

15 

12 

1 

n 

3 

gn ny 

12 

13 

15 

13 

12 

14 

16 

13 

15 

12 

rlh 

3 

dv 

11.5 

dv 

. 

11.7 

I 2011 quarter 4 is deficient I 

I Incomplete DV is 11 .5 I 

I 2011 quarter 4 is now complete 

I 'Complete' DV is 111 .7 I 

I 
Bootstrapping Residuals (& DV Recalculations) 

• FYI Residual distribution for 420033003 (Site A)- 420030064 (Site B) linear fit 

n: 602 

mean: 0 

MAX: 31.878306371 

MIN: -26.89800646 

petS: -7.097063471 

pct10: -4 . 845380801 

pct15: -3 . 983499247 

pct20: -3.257134989 

pct25: -2.867767398 

pct30: -2.323861254 

pct35: -1 . 889032214 

pct40: -1 . 390153994 

pct45: -0 . 990587519 

pct50: -0 . 458996455 

pct55: 0.0020694784 

pct60: 0.4792493565 

pct65: 1.0725946095 

pct70: 1.8063018696 

pct75: 2.4216001942 

pct80: 3.4530638937 

pct85: 4.5060471396 

pct90: 6.8295555167 

pct95: 8.9394996698 

• This step randomly applies real 

residuals from the linear regression to 

the imputed current-period Site A values. 

•A 1 000 bootstrap runs will provide a 

pseudo confidence interval for the 

partially imputed current-period design 

value 

~ ct 

10.8 3 

10.9 5 

11 9 

11 . 1 19 

11 . 2 28 

11.3 64 

• Bootstrap results (for a run of 1 000): 

11.4 79 

11 . 5 120 

I 1. 6 133 

11.7 125 

11.8 119 

•All 1000 simulations produced a passing DV 

11. 9 94 

12 82 

12. 1 64 

12.2 20 

12.3 19 

12.4 9 • Final result: 12.5 7 

PASS (clean data determination) 

12.6 1 
Application of Imputation I Bootstrap Protocol to 

the Liberty-Clairton 1997 NAAQS (Annual Std) 

Nonattainment Area for the Design Value Period, 

2010-2012 

• Region 3 has requested that the draft imputation I bootstrap 

protocol be run for the Liberty Clairton 1997 NAAQS (annual 

standard) nonattainment area, specifically for site 420033007 

that was incomplete for part of 2011. Hence, that site is the 

"Site A" in the analysis. 

Schmidt 6-3-2013 
1 0-year Annual DV History 

PA Allegheny Liberty-Clairt' 420030064 

Site A~ PA Allegheny Liberty-Clairt"420033007 

1' Annual designations 

based on 2001-2003 data 

Site 420033007 is incomplete in 2010-2012 i 

5-year (2008-2012) # Data Pairs & Associated Correlation 

si1e I Q1 I Q2 I Q3 I Q4 

420030064 840 878 900 842 

T o1al # obs 420033007 134 134 150 120 Correlation • .....,....... •• • rMathed pairs (by date) 

Site-level Data Capture, 201 0-2012 

Quarterly data capture % I Site 

- '10 01 '10 02 '10 03 '10 04 '11 01 '11 02 '11 03 '11 04 '12 01 '12 02 '12 03 '12 04 

420030064 84 98 95 98 93 90 98 • 96 97 100 85 

420033007 80 93 100 87 100 80 94 47 93 93 88 80 

•Site 420030064 has, 1) the highest correlation (in the NAA) with Site A 1; and 2) sufficient 

paired data to establish a good relationship with site A 1; and. 3) sufficient (i.e., complete) 

data available in key quarters of 2010-2012 (i.e., those deficient in the Site A. And, it is the 

only other site in the nonattainment area! It is the Site B. 
Linear Regression Results 

• The computed 420033003 (Site A 1)- 420030064 (Site B) linear relationship is: 

Site A cone. = 4.904607 + 0.422615 * Site B cone. 

v_a 

50 

i 

N =264 

R-square = 0.60 • The linear regression is 

40 -l * based on the most recent 5 

* years (112008- 1212012) * 

30 -l ** * / I 

of paired (Site A: Site B) 

* * * data 

* * * * / * 

20 -l ~~ • The residuals from this l: _,_ ** 

* model are used in the 

* * subsequent bootstrapping 

0 -,, I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I J I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I 1

1 

0 1 0 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 1 00 

v_b 
Imputation & Resulting Data Capture & DV Recalculation 

Before 

year gmean gn ny dv 

2010 1 13. 166666667 24 

2010 2 10.957142857 28 

2010 3 13.2625 32 

2010 4 12.492307692 26 

2011 1 8.02 30 

2011 2 11.091666667 24 

2011 3 13.406666667 

2011 4 10.342857143 2011 Q4 is deficient 

2012 1 9.5285714286 28 

2012 2 8.2857142857 28 

2012 3 10.992857143 28 

2012 4 8.7416666667 24 

3 10.9 Incomplete DV is 10.9 

After 

year a amean an ny dv 

2010 1 13. 166666667 24 

2010 2 10.957142857 28 

2010 3 13.2625 32 

2010 4 12.492307692 26 

2011 1 8.02 30 

2011 2 11.091666667 24 

2011 3 13.406666667 db . 2011 Q4 is now complete 201 t 4 11.515384615 

2012 1 9.5285714286 28 

2012 2 8.2857142857 28 

2012 3 10.992857143 28 

2012 4 8.7416666667 24 . 3 11 "Complete" D Vis 11. 0 
Bootstrapping Residuals (& DV·Recalculations) 

• FYI Residual distribution for 420033003 (Site A): 420030064 (Site B) linear fit 

n: 264 

mean: 0 

MAX: 16.931283244 

MIN: -15.82745631 

petS: -5.149070332 

pct10: -3.997402309 

pct15: -3.388496325 

pct20: -2.66051102 

pct25: -2.298636375 

pct30: -1.951605036 

pct35: -1.51648163 

pct40: -1.287295546 

pct45: -0.96588124 

pct50: -0.478989951 

pct55: 0.0210433352 

pct60: 0.4252127757 

pct65: 0.9025976908 

pct70: 1.388955163 

pct75: 2.1591354032 

pct80: 2.8603361823 

pct85: 3.5859199286 

pct90: 4.7912901483 

pct95: 6.7895222661 

• Using the entire distribution of residuals (overall 

stats shown to left), the next step randomly applies 

(i.e., adds) actual individual residuals from the 

linear regression to the imputed current-period Site 

A values. 

•A 1000 bootstrap runs will provide a pseudo 

confidence interval for the partially imputed Site A 

2010-2012 design value 

• Bootstrap results (for a run of 1 000): _____gy_ ct 

10 . 6 5 

10 . 7 17 •AII1000 simulations produced a passing DV 10 . 8 143 

10 . 9 299 

1 1 335 

1 1 . 1 167 

11 . 2 30 

• Final result: 11.3 4 

PASS (clean data determination)