Department of Health and Human Services 

National Institutes of Health 

MONITORING ADHERENCE TO THE 

NIH POLICY ON THE INCLUSION 

OF WOMEN AND MINORITIES 

AS SUBJECTS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH 

 

Comprehensive Report: Tracking of Human Subjects Research 

As Reported in Fiscal Year 2007 and Fiscal Year 2008 

NIH Tracking/Inclusion Committee

Vivian W. Pinn, M.D., Co-Chair

Office of Research on Women’s Health

Carl Roth, Ph.D., LL.M., Co-Chair

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

Angela C. Bates, M.B.A.

Office of Research on Women’s Health 

Robin Wagner, Ph.D.

Liaison, Office of Extramural Research 

Kim Jarema

Liaison, NIH Clinical Center 

2009 

Preface 

To demonstrate effective implementation of Public Law 103-43 and implementation of NIH 

policies on the tracking and inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research, the Office of 

Research of Women’s Health (ORWH), in collaboration with the Office of Extramural Research 

(OER) and the Office of Intramural Research (OIR), has led monitoring efforts for compliance 

including convening a trans-NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee. Monitoring efforts have 

included the documentation of the numbers of males and females by race and ethnicity enrolled 

in clinical studies funded by NIH, as well as biennial statements from each Institute and Center 

(IC) Advisory Councils to confirm compliance with NIH policies. These and other efforts serve 

to ensure that NIH procedures comply with the NIH policy on the inclusion of women and 

minorities in clinical studies. 

Data monitoring for the magnitude and diversity of clinical studies funded by NIH is not a 

simple task. There has been an extensive and dedicated effort to provide accurate and 

reproducible data. However, transitions in information system software at the NIH have 

introduced the need for modifications for monitoring inclusion and data collection. 

The Acting Director of NIH has now established a task force to be co-chaired by the Director of 

ORWH, the Director of the National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities 

(NCMHD), and an IC Director to examine the entire process for evaluating and 

monitoring the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research funded by NIH; and the 

results of the deliberations of this task force should be reflected in the next biennial report. 

However, the FY2007 and FY2008 data in this document reflect the data reporting and current 

trends of the inclusion of participants in NIH clinical research. 

This report would not be possible without the efforts of the members of the NIH Tracking and 

Inclusion Committee and the eRA Population Tracking User Group (ePTUG) who have each 

provided many hours addressing a multiplicity of issues related to data entry, reconciliation of 

grants, contracts and cooperative agreements, and other related issues or concerns.

Table of Contents

Page

Historical Summary and Current Activities 

Monitoring Adherence to the NIH Policy on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities 1-8 

as Subjects in Clinical Research 

FY2007 and FY2008 Data Analyses 

Data Analyses Report, Executive Summary Data Tables and Fourteen-Year Trend Tables 1-72 

NIH Wide Clinical Research Performed in 2007 and Reported in FY2008

Table 1 NIH Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 19 

 Clinical Research Reported in FY 1995-2008: Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity 

Table 2 Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported In FY2007: Total Number of 23 

 Protocols and Enrollment By Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Table 3 Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported In FY2008: Total Number of 25 

 Protocols and Enrollment By Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Table 4 Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 27 

Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY1995-2008: Enrollment by Race 

 and Ethnicity 

Table 5 Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported In FY2007: Total 30 

 Number of Protocols and Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus Foreign 

 Protocols 

Table 6 Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported In FY2008: Total 32 

 Number of Protocols and Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus Foreign 

 Protocols 

Table 7 Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in 34 

 FY2007: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols, and Domestic versus Foreign 

 Protocols 

Table 8 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in 36 

 FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis 

Table 9 Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in 38 

 FY2008: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols, and Domestic versus Foreign 

 Protocols 

Table 10 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in 40 

 FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 

Table 11 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding 42 

 Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2006 and Reported in 

 FY2007: Percent Analysis 
Table 12 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding 44 

 Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in 

 FY2008: Percent Analysis 

Table 13 Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 46 

 Reported in FY2007: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols and Enrollment, 

 and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Table 14 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols 48 

 Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis 

Table 15 Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 50 

 Reported in FY2008: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols and Enrollment, 

 and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Table 16 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols 52 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 

Table 17 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Funded in 54 

 FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis 

Table 18 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Funded in 56 

 FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 

Table 19 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols 58 

 Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis 

Table 20 Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols 60 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 

Table 21 NIH Fourteen Year Trends for Protocol and Enrollment Data: 1995-2008 62 

Table 22 DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 65 

 Clinical Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. 

 Race/Ethnicity Categories 

Table 23 DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 67 

 Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment 

Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories 

Table 24 FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 69 

 Clinical Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. 

 Race/Ethnicity Categories 

Table 25 FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 71 

 Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment 

 Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories 
Appendices

Appendix A Historical Narrative on the Implementation of the NIH Inclusion Policy ....................... 47 

Appendix B Explanation of Gender and Minority Codes .................................................................... 59 

 

Appendix C NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee Member List..................................................... 61 

Appendix D Internet Homepage: Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy Implementation ........... 67 

Appendix E NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as 

Subjects in Clinical Research - Amended, October, 2001................................................ 87 

Appendix F NIH Policy on Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data: Subjects in Clinical 

Research............................................................................................................................ 99 

Appendix G NIH Inclusion Tables for Target and Enrollment Data .................................................. 105 

Appendix H Comparison of 1977 and 1997 OMB Classifications for Reporting Race and 

 Ethnicity.......................................................................................................................... 109 

Appendix I FY2008 Aggregate Extramural and Intramural Data Tables ............................................ 324 

Monitoring Adherence to the NIH Policy on the Inclusion 

of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research

Historical Perspective 

The establishment and implementation of policies for the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical 

research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has its origins in the women’s health 

movement. Following the issuance of the report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s 

Health in 19851

, the NIH established a policy in 1986 for the inclusion of women in clinical research. 

This policy, which urged the inclusion of women, was first published in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts in 19872

. Later that year, minority and other scientists at the NIH recognized the need to 

address the inclusion of minority populations. Therefore, in a later 1987 version of the NIH guide, a 

policy encouraging the inclusion of minorities in clinical studies was first published. 

In order to ensure that the policies for inclusion were firmly implemented by NIH, the Congress made 

what had previously been policy into Public Law, through a section in the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(PL 103-43)3

 entitled Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research. In 1994, NIH revised its 

inclusion policy to be in compliance with the statutory language. The Revitalization Act essentially 

reinforced the existing NIH policies, but with four major differences: 

• that NIH ensure that women and minorities and their subpopulations be included in all clinical 

research; 

• that women and minorities and their subpopulations be included in Phase III clinical trials in numbers 

adequate to allow for valid analyses of differences in intervention effect; 

• that cost is not allowed as an acceptable reason for excluding these groups; and, 

• that NIH initiate programs and support for outreach efforts to recruit and retain women and minorities 

and their subpopulations as participants in clinical studies. 

Revised inclusion guidelines developed in response to this law were published in the Federal Register4

 in 

March 1994, and they became effective in September 1994. The result was that NIH could not and would 

not fund any grant, cooperative agreement or contract or support any intramural project to be conducted 

or funded in Fiscal Year 1995 and thereafter which did not comply with this policy. 

Strategies to ensure uniform implementation of the revised guidelines across the NIH were developed 

through the establishment and deliberations of an NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee made up of 

representatives of the directors of each of the Institutes and Centers (ICs). This trans-NIH committee, 

convened by the Office of Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) and co-chaired with a senior IC 

official, meets on a regular basis, focusing on consistent and widespread adherence to the NIH guidelines 

by all the ICs. Working in collaboration with the Office of Extramural Research (OER), the Office of 

Intramural Research (OIR), and other components of NIH, ORWH coordinates the activity of developing 

and establishing data collection and reporting methodologies to ensure uniform standards and definitions 

in the reporting of data on women and minority participants in NIH-funded clinical research. 

To ensure NIH-wide adherence to the revised inclusion guidelines, in 1994 NIH conducted extensive 

training on the revised inclusion guidelines. In June 1994, ORWH convened a meeting of Institutional 

Review Board (IRB) chairs to discuss their role in implementing the revised policy. Training was 

especially important in light of 1990 General Accounting Office (GAO) findings that an earlier policy 

was inconsistently applied and had not been well communicated or understood within NIH or in the 

1
research community. A variety of outreach activities were initiated to explain the revised policy to the 

scientific research community and to clear up common misunderstandings about the new requirements. 

GAO Report, May 2000: Recommendations and Actions Taken

Following a Congressional request for an assessment of NIH progress in implementing the1994 

guidelines on including women in clinical research, the GAO issued another report in May, 2000, entitled 

Women’s Health - NIH Has Increased Its Efforts to Include Women in Research.5

 It concluded that in the 

past decade, NIH had made significant progress in implementing a strengthened policy on including 

women in clinical research. 

The GAO report also included two specific recommendations to the Director of NIH: 

• that the requirement be implemented that Phase III clinical trials be designed and carried out to allow 

for the valid analysis of differences between women and men and communicate this requirement to 

applicants as well as requiring peer review groups to determine whether each proposed Phase III 

clinical trial is required to have such a study design, and that summary statements document the 

decision of the initial reviewers; and 

• that the NIH staff who transmit data to the inclusion tracking data system receive ongoing training on 

the requirements and purpose of the system. 

Immediately following the release of this report, a NIH Subcommittee Reviewing Inclusion Issues was 

formed, consisting of representatives from several ICs, ORWH, OER, and OIR, to reexamine NIH’s 

system for tracking data on the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research, recommend any 

necessary changes to improve its accuracy and performance, and reiterate the NIH policy. Several actions 

resulted to clarify the requirement for NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials to include women and minority 

groups, if scientifically appropriate, and for analysis of sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic differences to be 

planned and conducted by investigators engaged in NIH-funded research. Significant actions in 2001 

included: 

• Updating the NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects 

in Clinical Research6

 and posting it on the ORWH home page http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion.html 

and NIH web page, Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy Implementation at: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. 

• Developing a new term and condition of award statement for awards made after October 1, 2000 

that have NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials. 

• Incorporating language in NIH solicitations for grant applications and contract proposals to 

clarify the submission requirement for NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials, a description of 

plans for sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity analysis including subgroups, if applicable, and reporting 

enrollment annually and results of analyses, as appropriate. 

• Guidelines and instructions for reviewers and Scientific Review Officers (SROs) were 

developed to emphasize and clarify the need to review research proposals that are classified as NIHdefined Phase III clinical trials for both inclusion requirements and issues related to analyses by 

sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity. Instructions were developed for the proper documentation to 

include in summary statements to address adherence to these policies. 

2
Training to ensure compliance with this policy was provided to NIH program and review officials, grants 

and contracts management staff, and current and prospective research investigators. Several initiatives 

were implemented for review, grants management and program staff since 2000, including specific topics 

addressing revisions to the NIH Inclusion policy, a grants policy update and Scientific Review Officer 

(SRO) orientation on specific issues related to review meetings and proceedings. 

Format Changes for Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data as of FY2002

Beginning in FY2002, NIH changed how data are reported based on the 1997 Office of Management and 

Budget (OMB) revisions to the 1977 Directive 15 “Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics 

and Administrative Reporting,” which provided minimum standards for maintaining, collecting and 

reporting data on race and ethnicity. In October 1997, OMB published “Revisions to the Standards for the 

Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity; and their implementation involved a number of 

changes, including collecting and reporting information on race and ethnicity separately, whereas the 

1977 OMB standards used a combined race and ethnicity format. NIH aggregate population data tables 

describe data using both the 1997 and 1977 OMB standards for reporting data on race and ethnicity. Since 

2002, the number of studies reporting data using the 1997 format (NEW FORM) has steadily increased, 

while the number of studies using the 1977 format (OLD FORM) has steadily decreased as the studies 

funded prior to FY2002 are completed. 

The 1997 OMB reporting format (NEW FORM) and standards do not easily allow direct comparison of 

ethnic and racial data with similar data collected under the 1977 OMB reporting format (OLD FORM) 

and standards because the categories and methods for collecting the data are fundamentally different. 

Changes in the standardization of definitions and business rules across NIH for improving the data 

entered in the population tracking system are reflected in data reported beginning in FY2002. While 

implementation of these changes will improve the consistency and comparability for future reporting, 

comparisons with data originating prior to FY 2002 data are difficult although trends can be 

approximated. 

As demonstrated below, the primary differences are: (1) the Hispanic population is considered an ethnic 

category and reported separately from racial data; (2) there are separate racial categories for Asian 

population data as distinct from Hawaiian and Pacific Islander population data; and 3) respondents are 

given the option of selecting more than one race. 

Race and ethnicity data from the OLD and NEW Forms are combined differently as described below for 

purposes of reporting on the minority population enrolled in NIH clinical research: 

• the OLD FORM uses the 1977 OMB combined Race and Ethnicity Format, which has mutually 

exclusive categories, and allows Hispanics to be reported as either "Hispanic, Not White" or "White". 

• the NEW FORM uses the 1997 OMB Race and Ethnicity Categories, with separate reporting for 

Ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino; Not Hispanic or Latino) and Race (Part A); in this format, an 

individual is classified both by Ethnic Category and by Race Category. Part B of the NEW FORM 

therefore provides a distribution of only "Hispanics or Latinos" by the five main Race categories. 

Since minority categories are defined to include both "Hispanic or Latino ethnicity" and non-white 

racial categories when providing summary totals of minorities, it is necessary to add White 

Hispanics" and "Unknown/Other Hispanics" based on their ethnicity to the non-white racial 

categories. 

• Hispanics are defined by country of origin, and may be identified as belonging to any one race, or 

more than one racial category. 

3
OLD FORM (1977) versus NEW FORM (1997) 

Race/Ethnicity Category Minority Total Minority Total 

 Old Form New Form 

OLD FORM: Combined 1977 OMB Race/Ethnicity Categories 

 

American Indian/Alaska Native X 

Asian/Pacific Islander X 

Black or African American X 

Hispanic, Not White X 

White 

Unknown/Other 

NEW FORM: Separate 1997 OMB Race/Ethnicity Categories 

Part A: Total Enrollment Report 

Ethnic Category 

 Hispanic or Latino** 

 Not Hispanic or Latino 

 Unknown (ethnicity not reported) 

 Ethnic Category Total of All Subjects* 

 

Racial Categories 

American Indian/Alaska Native X 

Asian X 

Black or African American X 

Hawaiian/Pacific Islander X 

White 

More Than One Race X 

Unknown/Other 

 Racial Categories: Total of all Subjects* 

 

Part B: Hispanic Enrollment by RACE 

American Indian/Alaska Native 

Asian 

Black or African American 

Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 

White (Hispanic) X 

More Than One Race 

Unknown/Other (Hispanic) X 

 

Racial Categories: Total of Hispanics or 

Latinos** 

* The "Ethnic Category Total of All Subjects" must be equal to the "Racial Categories: Total of All Subjects"

** The "Hispanic or Latino"(Part A) must be equal to "Racial Categories: Total of Hispanics or Latinos"(Part B).

4
Continuing Implementation and Monitoring Activities 

In FY2007, two training sessions were collaboratively developed and then sponsored through OER for 

NIH staff involved in the management or review of clinical research studies. The half-day training 

sessions were held and were also webcast throughout the NIH community. While some staff participated 

in the training via the web, approximately 300 NIH staff attended each session in person. Participants 

received a certificate of completion and, if appropriate, extramural scientist administrator (ESA) credits 

after completing a short test. The training subcommittee of the NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee 

continually updates training documents and methods of training for NIH staff.

The PHS 398 Grant Application was significantly revised to provide additional instructions concerning 

the Women and Minorities Inclusion Policy and the revised form became mandatory as of May 10, 2005. 

These PHS 398 instructions are also included in the federal application form SF-424 (R&R) for NIH 

grants using the federal Grants.gov system (see http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/) including two 

significant changes in definitions. First, NIH requires use of a revised definition of clinical research that 

was reported in the 1997 Report of the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical Research and adopted by NIH. 

Second, NIH adopted the 1997 revisions to OMB Directive 15, “Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal 

Statistics and Administrative Reporting”, and required the revised categories to be used when reporting 

race and ethnic data (see: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html). In 

addition, NIH policy reemphasized that that NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials must be designed and 

conducted in a manner to allow for a valid analysis of whether the interventions being studied affect 

women or members of minority groups differently than other subjects. 

Communication and Outreach Efforts to the Scientific Community 

NIH staff provide outreach to the scientific community to help increase understanding of any revised 

inclusion policies. These training and outreach efforts improve understanding of the sex/gender and 

minority inclusion policy and assist investigators and NIH intramural research staff to appropriately 

address these issues throughout the research grant and contract process. Investigators are instructed to 

address women and minority inclusion issues in the development of their applications and proposals for 

clinical research. 

Reference documents such as the Outreach Notebook for the NIH Guidelines on Inclusion of Women and 

Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research (http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion/outreach.pdf) and the 

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for the Inclusion , Recruitment and Retention of Women and 

Minority Subjects in Clinical Research (http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion/outreachFAQ.pdf) have been 

published and distributed for investigators and NIH staff. These publications discuss the elements of 

recruitment and retention, the NIH inclusion policy, current OMB requirements for reporting race and 

ethnicity data, and information for application submission, peer review, and funding. Both the Outreach 

Notebook and the FAQs are posted on the ORWH website http://orwh.od.nih.gov as well as on the NIH 

website for the inclusion of women and minorities policy implementation at: 

http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. The revised Outreach Notebook and 

FAQs continue to be available to the research community to further explore the inclusion policy and its 

intent. Additionally, a slide show is available electronically and in hard copy, entitled “Sex/Gender and 

Minority Inclusion in NIH Clinical Research: What Investigators Need to Know!” The slide show was 

developed for NIH staff to assist them in working with the extramural community. 

5
Monitoring Compliance: Extramural and Intramural Population Data Analysis 

As a way of monitoring compliance with the policy, aggregate data tables compiled from each NIH 

Institute and Center are provided in this chapter. Because the data included in the tables are aggregate 

data from across NIH, the data tables provide documentation of the monitoring of inclusion with some 

degree of analysis of data. Caution should be used in interpreting these figures. Conclusions that can be 

reasonably drawn from the data are provided. 

When assessing inclusion data, enrollment figures should not be directly compared to the national 

census figures. The goal of the NIH policy is not to satisfy any quotas for proportional representation 

based upon census data, but rather to conduct biomedical and behavioral research in such a manner that 

the scientific knowledge acquired will be generalizable to the entire population of the United States. The 

number of women, men and/or representatives of racial/ethnic subpopulations included in a particular 

study depends upon the scientific question addressed in the study and the prevalence among women, men 

and/or racial/ethnic subpopulations of the disease, disorder, or condition under investigation. 

Scientific Review Groups are instructed to focus on scientific considerations when assessing the planned 

enrollment for a particular study. The Scientific Review Group (SRG) determines if the implementation 

plan for an application is unacceptable if it: 1) fails to provide sufficient information about target 

enrollment; 2) does not adequately justify limited or lack of inclusion of women or minorities; or 3) does 

not realistically address recruitment and retention. For NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials, the SRG also 

evaluates the description of plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences in the 

intervention effect by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic groups. Applications with unacceptable inclusion 

plans cannot be funded until NIH staff is assured that revised inclusion plans from the investigators meet 

the inclusion policy requirements. Research awards covered by this policy require the grantee to report 

annually on enrollment of women and men, and on the race and ethnicity of research participants so that 

enrollment can be monitored. 

NIH has monitored aggregate demographic data for study populations through the evolving NIH 

computerized tracking system since fiscal year 1994 and monitoring compliance with the NIH Inclusion 

policy is well established in all IC’s. Members of the NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee 

continuously work on ways to refine and improve data collection methods and the quality of the data 

entered by each IC into the computerized system. In May 2002, the NIH successfully deployed a 

population tracking system for monitoring inclusion data that was designed to provide easier data entry 

and project monitoring of investigator data reporting for NIH staff. An eRA Population Tracking User 

Group consisting of representatives from several ICs provides continuous feedback related to procedures 

to monitor compliance. 

 

DEFINITIONS: 

Clinical Research as defined by the 1997 Report of the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical Research, 

(1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin 

such as tissues, specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly 

interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues 

that cannot be linked to a living individual. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) mechanisms of human 

disease, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, and (d) development of new technologies; 

(2) Epidemiologic and behavioral studies; and (3) Outcomes research and health services research 

NIH-Defined Phase III Clinical Study 

6
For the purpose of these guidelines, an NIH-defined "clinical trial" is a broadly based prospective Phase 

III clinical investigation, usually involving several hundred or more human subjects, for the purpose of 

evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or control intervention or 

comparing two or more existing treatments. Often the aim of such investigation is to provide evidence 

leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or standard of care. The 

definition includes pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and behavioral interventions given for disease 

prevention, prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy. Community trials and other population-based intervention 

trials are also included. 

Valid Analysis 

The term "valid analysis" means an unbiased assessment. Such an assessment will, on average, yield the 

correct estimate of the difference in outcomes between two groups of subjects. Valid analysis can and 

should be conducted for both small and large studies. A valid analysis does not need to have a high 

statistical power for detecting a stated effect. The principal requirements for ensuring a valid analysis of 

the question of interest are: 

• allocation of study participants of both sexes/genders (males and females) and different racial/ethnic 

groups to the intervention and control groups by an unbiased process such as randomization, 

• unbiased evaluation of the outcome(s) of study participants, and 

• use of unbiased statistical analyses and proper methods of inference to estimate and compare the 

intervention effects among the sex/gender and racial/ethnic groups. 

Significant Difference 

For purposes of this policy, a "significant difference" is a difference that is of clinical or public health 

importance, based on substantial scientific data. This definition differs from the commonly used 

"statistically significant difference," which refers to the event that, for a given set of data, the statistical 

test for a difference between the effects in two groups achieves statistical significance. Statistical 

significance depends upon the amount of information in the data set. With a very large amount of 

information, one could find a statistically significant, but clinically small difference that is of very little 

clinical importance. Conversely, with less information one could find a large difference of potential 

importance that is not statistically significant. 

Domestic organization 

A public (including a State or other governmental agency) or private non-profit or for-profit organization 

that is located in the United States or its territories, is subject to U.S. laws, and assumes legal and 

financial accountability for awarded funds and for the performance of the grant-supported activities 

Foreign institution 

An organization located in a country other than the United States and its territories that is subject to the 

laws of that country, regardless of the citizenship of the proposed PI. 

CONCLUSION AND CURRENT STATUS 

NIH staff continue to monitor, document, and work with grantees and contractors to ensure compliance 

with the inclusion policy. Program officers/staff provide technical assistance to investigators as they 

develop their applications and proposals throughout the application process. Review officers introduce 

and discuss with reviewers the Guidelines/Instructions for reviewing the Inclusion of Women and 

Minorities in Clinical Research as well as the instructions and requirements for designing Phase III 

Clinical Trials in order that valid analyses can be conducted for sex/gender and ethnic/racial differences. 

At the time of award and submission of progress reports, program officials monitor and verify that 

inclusion policy requirements are met. When new and competing continuation applications that are 

selected for payment are deficient in meeting policy requirements, grants management staff and program 

7
officials are required to withhold funding until the principal investigator has satisfactorily addressed the 

policy requirements. 

References

1. Report of the Public Health Task Force on Women’s Health: US Public Health Service, 1985. JanFeb; 100(1):73-106. 

2. NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts, Vol. 16, No. 3, Pg 2, January 23, 1987. 

3. Public Law 103-43. National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993. 42 USC 289 (a)(1). 

4. NIH Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research, 59 Fed. 

Reg. 14508-14513 (1994). 

5. Women’s Health: NIH Has Increased Its Efforts to Include Women in Research (GAO/HEHS-00-96, 

May, 2000). 

6. NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical 

Research, NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Amended 2001. 

For additional information on the implementation of the inclusion policy, please visit: 

NIH Office of Extramural Research Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy Implementation Website: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm 

Revitalization Act of 1993, 42 USC 289 (a)(1): http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not94-100.html 

NIH Policy on Reporting Racial and Ethnicity Data: Subjects in Clinical Research, NIH Guide for Grants and 

Contracts Web page: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html 

Office of Research on Women’s Health Website: http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion.html 

8
Monitoring Adherence to the NIH Policy on the Inclusion 

of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research 

Summary Report of NIH Inclusion Data

NIH AGGREGATE POPULATION DATA REPORTED IN FY2007 and FY2008 

Because new clinical research studies begin each year while other studies may be ending, the inclusion 

figures will vary from year to year due to the scientific topics under study and the prevalence of those 

conditions within each individual study. These data help to establish trends on the inclusion of women 

and minorities as subjects in clinical research. Data on inclusion are tabulated from human subject 

populations in NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials and other human subject research studies and are 

based on self identification by the participants. NIH clinical research studies are determined in accordance 

with the NIH definition of clinical research to include, for example, non-intervention clinical research, 

non Phase III clinical trials, epidemiological studies, behavioral studies, and database studies. 

Analysis of aggregate NIH data on inclusion for FY2007 and FY2008 documents participants of all ages, 

that substantial numbers of women and men, non-minority men, and minorities of all ages have been 

included as research subjects in NIH clinical trials and other human subject research studies during these 

fiscal years. However, caution should be utilized to avoid over-interpreting the figures that are provided. 

The NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee have provided for the reader’s interest conclusions that can 

be reasonably drawn from the data. 

Previous inclusion reports and aggregate enrollment figures for women, men and minority groups for 

FY1994 to the present can be found on the ORWH website at http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion.html. 

NIH CLINICAL RESEARCH: Fiscal Years 2007 and 2008 

In FY2007 there were 15,567 extramural and intramural clinical research protocols, including Phase III 

and other clinical studies, of which 10,914 protocols reported human subject participation as noted in this 

report’s trend summary tables (Table 1A). Of these, 95.9% were domestic protocols and 4.1% were 

foreign protocols. (Table 1E) Approximately 17.4 million participants were enrolled in extramural and 

intramural research protocols of which 92.7% were domestic participants and 7.3% were foreign 

participants. Of the 17.4 million participants, 58.2% were women, 39.5% were men and 2.3% did not 

provide sex identification.(Table 1A) Further, 29.9% of the total participants, and 26.5% of the Domesticonly participants, were reported as minorities following the current OMB categories for race and 

ethnicity. (Table 1F and 2C)

Correspondingly, in FY2008 there were 15,598 extramural and intramural clinical research protocols, 

including Phase III and other clinical studies, of which 11,045 protocols reported human subject 

participation as noted in this report’s trend summary tables.(Table 1A) Of these, 95.5% were domestic 

protocols and 4.5% were foreign protocols.(Table 1E) Approximately15.4 million participants were 

enrolled in extramural and intramural research protocols of which 91.7% were domestic participants and 

8.3% were foreign participants. Of the 15.4 million participants, 60.0% were women, 38.9% were men 

and 1.1% did not provide sex identification.(Table 1A) Further 28.6% of the total participants, and 24.9% 

of the Domestic-protocol participants, were reported as minorities following the current OMB categories 

for race and ethnicity. (Table 1F & Table 3C) 

9
While the number of participants in all extramural and intramural clinical research decreased (17.4M in 

FY2007 and 15.4M in FY2008), there was no significant change in the proportion of women and men 

(58.2%F and 39.5%M in FY2007; and 60.0%F and 38.9%M in FY2008). (Table 1A) 

NIH Defined Phase III Clinical Research: FY2007 and FY2008

In FY2007 there were 749 extramural and intramural Phase III clinical research protocols, of which 653 

protocols reported human subject participation as noted in this report’s trend summary tables.(Tables 4A 

and 5A) Of these, 93.3% were domestic protocols and 6.7% were foreign protocols. Clinical studies not 

included in this analysis are those studies that have just begun and have not reported enrollment data or 

have not begun recruiting patients. (Table 4E) A total of 591,159 participants were enrolled in extramural 

and intramural Phase III research protocols of which 72.5% were domestic participants and 27.5% were 

foreign participants. Of the 591,159 participants, 54.9% were women, 42.2% were men and 2.8% did not 

provide sex identification. (Table 4A) Further, 41.4% of the total participants, and 20.6% of Domesticprotocol participants, in Phase III clinical research were reported as minorities following the current OMB 

categories for race and ethnicity. (Table 5C) 

Of the 197 extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols that report following the former OMB 

standards in FY2007, minority representation was highest for Blacks (not Hispanic) at 10.3% and lowest 

for American Indian/Alaska Natives at 0.4%. Hispanics represented approximately 4.5%, Asian/Pacific 

Islanders were 1.9% and Whites (not Hispanic) 81.0% of the participants. The categories 

Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and More Than One Race were not designations with the former OMB 

standards. (Table 4B) 

Moreover, in FY 2007, there were 424 extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols reporting 

data following the current OMB standards for reporting by both race and ethnicity. Accordingly, minority 

representation by race was highest for Blacks at 22.1% and lowest for Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders 0.1%. 

Asians represented 12.4%, American Indian/Alaska Natives 2.5% and Whites 34.9% of participants. 

Participants identifying as More Than One Race were 1.1% of the total number of participants. In 

addition, 26.9% did not identify a race category.(Table 4C) Of the 424 extramural and intramural Phase 

III research protocols designating an ethnicity in FY2007, 66.8 % of total participants identified as “Not 

Hispanic”, 18.8 % of the total participants identified as “Hispanic or Latino”, and 14.5% of the total 

participants did not identify an ethnicity category. The racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” 

participants is also provided separately. (Table 4D) 

Correspondingly, in FY2008 there were 726 extramural and intramural Phase III clinical research 

protocols, of which 639 protocols reported human subject participation as noted in this report’s trend 

summary tables. (Tables48A and 6A) Of these, 91.5% were domestic protocols and 8.5% were foreign 

protocols. Clinical studies not included in this analysis are those studies that have just begun and have not 

reported enrollment data or have not begun recruiting patients. A total of 792,578 participants were 

enrolled in extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols of which 74.6% were domestic 

participants and 25.4% were foreign participants.(Table 4E) Of the 792,578 participants, 57.5% were 

women, 40.3% were men and 2.2% did not provide sex identification.(Table 4A) Further, 38.9% of the 

total participants, and 20.2% of Domestic-only participants, in Phase III clinical research were reported as 

minorities following the current OMB categories for race and ethnicity. (Table 6C) 

Of the 164 extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols that report following the former OMB 

standards in FY2008, minority representation was highest for Blacks (not Hispanic) at 9.7% and lowest 

for American Indian/Alaska Natives at 0.4%. Hispanics represented approximately 4.1%, Asian/Pacific 

Islanders were 2.0% and Whites (not Hispanic) 82.0% of the participants. The categories 

Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and More Than One Race were not designations with the former OMB 

standards. (Table 4B) 

10
Moreover, in FY 2008, there were 475 extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols reporting 

data following the current OMB standards for reporting by both race and ethnicity. Accordingly, minority 

representation by race was highest for Blacks at 18.4% and lowest for Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders 0.1%. 

Asians represented 17%, American Indian/Alaska Natives 2.7% and Whites 50.2% of participants. 

Participants identifying as More Than One Race were 2.2% of the total number of participants. In 

addition, 9.4% did not identify a race category. Of the 475 extramural and intramural Phase III research 

protocols designating an ethnicity in FY2008, 82.3 % of total participants identified as “Not Hispanic”, 

11.5 % of the total participants identified as “Hispanic or Latino”, and 6.2% of the total participants did 

not identify an ethnicity category. The racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” participants is also 

provided separately. (Table 4C) 

While the number of participants in Phase III extramural and intramural clinical research increased 

(591,159 in FY2007 and 792,578 in FY2008), there was a slight change in the proportions of women and 

men (54.9%F and 42.2% in FY2007 and 57.5%F and 40.3%M in FY2008). (Table 4A) 

The following sections provide data on extramural research and intramural research separately. 

EXTRAMURAL CLINICAL RESEARCH: Fiscal Years 2007 and 2008 

In FY2007, there were 13,719 extramural clinical research protocols, including Phase III and other 

clinical studies, of which 9,362 protocols reported human subject participation. Of these, 82.3% were 

domestic protocols and 3.5% were foreign protocols. (Table 7A) Approximately 13.9 million participants 

were enrolled in extramural research protocols of which 92.8% of the total enrollment is domestic 

participants and 7.2% of the total enrollment is foreign participants. (Table 7B) Of the 13.9 million 

participants, 61.80% were women, 35.54% were men and 2.62% did not provide sex identification. 

Further, 31.44% of the total participants were reported as minorities following the current OMB 

categories for race and ethnicity. (Table 8A) 

Correspondingly, in FY2008, there were 11,045 extramural clinical research protocols, including Phase 

III and other clinical studies, of which 9,381 protocols reported human subject participation. Of these, 

81.2% were domestic protocols and 3.7% were foreign protocols. (Table 9A) Approximately 12.6 million 

participants were enrolled in extramural research protocols of which 91.7% of the total enrollment is 

domestic participants and 8.3% of the total enrollment is foreign participants. (Table 9B) Of the 12.6 

million participants, 63.84% were women, 35.04% were men and 1.12% did not provide sex 

identification. Further, 29.4% of the total participants were reported as minorities following the current 

OMB categories for race and ethnicity. (Table 10A) 

While the number of participants in extramural clinical research protocols decreased (13.9 million in 

FY2007 and 12.6 million in FY2008), there was no significant change in the proportions of women and 

men (61.8%F and 35.5%M in FY2007 and 63.8%F and 35.0%M in FY2008). (Table 8A and Table 10A)

However, when sex-specific studies were excluded, the proportions of women and men in all extramural 

clinical research reported in FY2008 were similar to the proportions in the general population reported in 

FY2009 (from 46.5% to 45.61% for females and 49.8% to 52.6% for males. (Table 11A and Table 12A) 

NIH Defined Phase III Extramural Clinical Research: FY2007 and FY2008

In FY2007 there were 711extramural Phase III clinical research protocols, of which 617 protocols 

reported human subject participation. (Table 13A) A total of 547,687 participants were enrolled in 

extramural Phase III research protocols of which 55.10% were women, 41.83% were men and 3.07% did 

not provide sex identification. (Table 14A) 

11
In FY2007 there were 399 extramural Phase III research protocols reporting data following the current 

OMB standards for reporting race and ethnicity. Minority representation by race was highest for Blacks at 

23.21% and lowest for Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders 0.13%. Asians represented 13.09%, American 

Indian/Alaska Natives 2.59% and Whites 34.29% of participants. Participants identifying as More Than 

One Race were 1.02% of the total number of participants. In addition, 25.7 % did not identify a race 

category. Of the 399 extramural Phase III research protocols designating an ethnicity in FY 2007, 67.77 

% of total participants identified as “Not Hispanic”, 17.78% of the total participants identified as 

“Hispanic or Latino”, and 14.44 % of the total participants did not identify an ethnicity category. The 

racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” participants is also provided separately. (Table 14B) 

In FY2008 there were 696 extramural Phase III clinical research protocols, of which 602 protocols 

reported human subject participation. (Table 15A) A total of 776,034 participants were enrolled in 

extramural Phase III research protocols of which 57.22% were women, 40.58% were men and 2.2% did 

not provide sex identification. (Table 16A)

Correspondingly in FY2008, there were 452 extramural Phase III research protocols reporting data 

following the current OMB standards for reporting race and ethnicity. Minority representation by race 

was highest for Blacks at 18.68% and lowest for Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders 0.12%. Asians represented 

17.41%, American Indian/Alaska Natives 2.74% and Whites 51.22% of participants. Participants 

identifying as More Than One Race were 2.22% of the total number of participants. In addition, 7.62 % 

did not identify a race category. Of the 452 extramural Phase III research protocols designating an 

ethnicity in FY 2008, 83.84 % of total participants identified as “Not Hispanic”, 10.38% of the total 

participants identified as “Hispanic or Latino”, and 5.78 % of the total participants did not identify an 

ethnicity category. The racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” participants is also provided 

separately. (Table 16B) 

While the number of extramural Phase III clinical research protocols decreased (711 in FY2007 and 696 

in FY2008) (Table 13A and Table 15A), there was a slight increase in the proportion of women (55.1 %F 

and 41.8%M in FY2007 and 57.2%F and 40.6%M in FY2008). (Tables 14A and 16A) 

INTRAMURAL CLINICAL RESEARCH: Fiscal Years 2007 and 2008 

In FY2007 there were 1,848 intramural clinical research protocols, including Phase III and other clinical 

studies, of which 1,552 protocols reported human subject participation. (Table 7A) Approximately 3.5 

million participants were enrolled in intramural research protocols of which 43.39% were women, 

55.42% were men and 1.20% did not provide sex identification. (Table 16A) 

In FY2007, approximately 3.5 million participants were reported in all intramural research including 

Phase III clinical trials, and other clinical studies. Of the 449 intramural research protocols that report data 

following the former OMB standards, minority representation was highest for Blacks (not-Hispanic) at 

17.6% and lowest for American Indian/Alaska Natives at 0.2%. Asian/Pacific Islanders represented 

3.65%, Hispanics 4.31%; and Whites (not Hispanic) 73.16% of the intramural research study population. 

The categories Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and More Than One Race were not designations with the 

former OMB standards. (Table 17C) 

For the 1,103 intramural clinical research studies that reported data following the current OMB standards 

in FY 2007, the largest racial minority group was Blacks at 9.72 % and the smallest racial minority group 

was Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders at 0.16%. Asian represented 7.66%, American Indian/Alaska Natives 

0.89% and Whites 69.85% of participants in all intramural clinical research. Approximately 0.56% of 

participants reported More Than One Race as their racial category. In addition, 11.16 % did not identify a 

12
race category. Of the 1,103 intramural research protocols following the current OMB standards 

designating an ethnicity in FY2007, 85.50 % of total participants identified as “Not Hispanic”, 4.19 % of 

the total participants identified as “Hispanic or Latino”, and 10.31 % of the total participants did not 

identify an ethnicity category. The racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” participants is also 

provided separately. (Table 17B)

Correspondingly, in FY2008 there were 1,873 intramural clinical research protocols, including Phase III 

and other clinical studies, of which 1,664 protocols reported human subject participation. (Table 9A) 

Approximately 2.8 million participants were enrolled in intramural research protocols of which 42.82% 

were women, 55.93% were men and 1.25% did not provide sex identification. (Table 18A) 

In FY 2008, approximately 2.8 million participants were reported in all intramural research including 

Phase III clinical trials, and other clinical studies. Of the 413 intramural research protocols that report data 

following the former OMB standards, minority representation was highest for Blacks (not-Hispanic) at 

30.34% and lowest for American Indian/Alaska Natives at 0.15%. Asian/Pacific Islanders represented 

3.38%, Hispanics 4.0%; and Whites (not Hispanic) 60.73% of the intramural research study population. 

The categories Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and More Than One Race were not designations with the 

former OMB standards. (Table 18C) 

For the 1,251 intramural clinical research studies that reported data following the current OMB standards 

in FY 2008, the largest racial minority group was Asians at 9.8 % and the smallest racial minority group 

was Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders at 0.2%. Blacks represented 9.4%, American Indian/Alaska Natives 

0.81% and Whites 67.92% of participants in all intramural clinical research. Approximately 0.61% of 

participants reported More Than One Race as their racial category. In addition, 11.30 % did not identify a 

race category. Of the 1,251 intramural research protocols following the current OMB standards 

designating an ethnicity in FY2008, 85.30 % of total participants identified as “Not Hispanic”, 4.07% of 

the total participants identified as “Hispanic or Latino”, and 10.62 % of the total participants did not 

identify an ethnicity category. The racial distribution of the “Hispanic or Latino” participants is also 

provided separately. (Table 18B) 

While the number of participants specifically in Phase III intramural clinical research protocols 

significantly decreased (3.5M in FY2007 and 2.8M in FY2008), there was no substantive change in the 

proportions of women and men (43.4%F and 55.4% M in FY2007 and 42.8%F and 55.9%M in FY2008). 

(Tables 17A and Table 18A) 

NIH Defined Phase III Intramural Clinical Research: FY2007 and FY2008

In FY2007 there were 38 intramural Phase III clinical research protocols, of which 36 protocols reported 

human subject participation. Of these, 88.8%, of the total number of protocols are domestic and 11.1% of 

the total number of protocols is foreign. (Table 13A) A total of 43,472 participants were enrolled in 

intramural Phase III research protocols of which 77.1 are domestic participants and 22.9% are foreign 

participants.(Table 13B) Of the 43,472 participants, 52.8% were women, 47.2% were men and 0% did not 

provide sex identification. (Table 19A) Further, 27.3% of total participants in Phase III intramural clinical 

research protocols were reported as minorities following the current OMB categories for race and 

ethnicity. (Table 13C) 

Correspondingly, in FY2008 there were 39 intramural Phase III clinical research protocols, of which 37 

protocols reported human subject participation. Of these, 89.1% of the total number of protocols is 

domestic and 10.8% of the total number of protocols is foreign. (Table 15A) A total of 16,544 participants 

were enrolled in intramural Phase III research protocols of which 36.7% of the total enrollment is 

13
domestic participants and 63.2% are foreign participants. (Table 15B) Of the 16,544 participants, 69.71% 

were women, 28.92% were men and 1.37% did not provide sex identification. Further, 56.67% of total 

participants in Phase III clinical research protocols were reported as minorities following the current 

OMB categories for race and ethnicity. (Table 20A) 

While the number of participants specifically in Phase III intramural clinical research protocols 

significantly decreased (43,472 in FY2007 and 16,544 in FY2008), there was a substantial increase in the 

proportions of women (52.8%F and 47.2% M in FY2007 and 69.7%F and 28.9%M in FY2008). (Tables 

19A and Table 20A) 

14
TREND REPORT ON NIH AGGREGATE POPULATION DATA: FY1995 – FY2008 

Trend data vary over time because the data for each year represent the net total of data resulting from: (1) 

studies continuing from the prior year; (2) the addition of new studies reported; and (3) the subtraction of 

studies that are no longer reported. 

Table 21 is a fourteen year summary report showing a steady increase in the number of protocols and 

enrollment. The number of protocols with enrollment increased from 3,188 in FY1995 to 11,045 in 

FY2008 – a 3.5 fold increase. Reported enrollment increased from approximately 1.0 million (FY1995) to 

15.4 million (FY2008) – a 15.1 fold increase; minority enrollment increased from approximately 0.4 

million (FY1995) to 4.3 million (FY2008) – an 11.7 fold increase in minority representation in NIH 

clinical research. (Table 21A) The total number of protocols reported with enrollment data has increased 

such that, since FY2003 the number is in excess of 10,000 protocols per year. (Table 21B) 

With the deployment of an updated population tracking system in 2002 and the OMB requirement to 

report data using the current format, NIH was able to report domestic and foreign data in a better way. 

Thus, trend data are available for domestic and foreign protocols and participation beginning in FY2002. 

Domestic enrollment increased from 10.2 million (FY2002) to 14.1 million (FY2008) – a 1.4 fold 

increase. Foreign enrollment increased from 0.9 million (FY2002) to 1.3 million (FY2008) – a 1.4 fold 

increase. (Table 21A) Overall, the total enrollment has increased with domestic participation ranging 

between 75.9-92.7% and foreign participation ranging between 7.3-24.1%. In FY2008, domestic and 

foreign enrollment was 91.7% and 8.3% respectively. (Table 21C) 

Table 1 is a summary report of all extramural and intramural clinical research by sex/gender and minority 

representation following the old and new data formats for domestic and foreign studies. The report 

demonstrates that female participation in all extramural and intramural research generally ranged between 

51.7% and 63.9%, male participation in all extramural and intramural research ranged between 34.0% and 

45.0%. (Table 1A) Overall minority participation in all extramural and intramural clinical research ranged 

between 28.6% and 43.1%. (Tables 1B-D)Table 1E provides a comparison of domestic and foreign 

participation between FY2002 and FY2008. The vast majority of protocols are domestic (~94%-96%) of 

the total clinical research protocols. While the number of foreign protocols has increased, they incorporate 

only about 4%-6% of the total clinical research protocols with enrollment. Table 1F shows domestic and 

foreign enrollment for the seven-year period. Domestic minority enrollment varied between 24.1% and 

28.9% of total domestic participation, while foreign minority enrollment varied between 67.7% and 

90.9% of total foreign participation. 

Table 4 is a summary of NIH-funded Phase III extramural and intramural clinical research by sex/gender 

and minority enrollment following the old and new data reporting formats for domestic and foreign 

studies. This table demonstrates that female participation in NIH funded Phase III extramural and 

intramural clinical research generally ranged between 54.1% and 74.8% and male participation in NIHfunded Phase III extramural and intramural clinical research ranged between 24.3% and 44.6%. (Table 

4A) Overall minority participation in NIH-funded Phase III extramural and intramural clinical research 

ranged from 26.9% to 41.4%. (Tables 4B-D) Table 4E provides a comparison of domestic and foreign 

participation between FY2002 and FY2008. The vast majority of protocols are domestic, ranging from 

75.5% and 95.8% of the total clinical research protocols. While the number of foreign protocols has 

decreased, they incorporate only about 4.2%-9.6% of the total clinical research protocols with enrollment 

in the last seven years. Table 4F shows domestic and foreign enrollment for the seven-year period. 

Domestic minority enrollment varied between 20.2% and 25.4% of total domestic participation, while 

foreign minority enrollment in NIH-funded Phase III clinical research varied between 48.4% and 96.2% 

of total foreign participation. In comparing both domestic and foreign Phase III enrollment over the seven 

15
year period shows that the small percentage of foreign protocols in FY2008 account for a significant 

proportion of the total foreign enrollment. 

Tables 22-25 summarize domestic and foreign participation for NIH funded clinical research and NIHfunded Phase III clinical research. For extramural and intramural clinical research, domestic participants 

enrolled in domestic protocols, female participation ranged between 58.1% and 67.3% while male 

participation ranged between 31.2 and 39.5%. (Table 22A) For NIH-funded Phase III extramural and 

intramural clinical research, domestic participants enrolled in domestic protocols, female participation 

ranged between 53.3 and 64.6% while male participation ranged between 34.4 and 44.8%. (Table 23A)

For all extramural and intramural clinical research, foreign participants enrolled in foreign protocols, 

female participation varied from 39.2% to 59.5% while male participation varied from 39.3% to 60.4%. 

(Table 24A) For NIH-funded Phase III extramural and intramural clinical research, foreign participants 

enrolled in foreign protocols, female participation varied from 47.4% to 59.2% while male participation 

varied from 40.4% to 52.5%. (Table 25A) 

16
Aggregate Enrollment Data Tables 

For Extramural and Intramural 

Research Protocols 

Fiscal Year 2008 Summary Reports 

Fourteen -year Trend Summary Reports 

17
18
19

FY Reported FY Funded Form Females Males Unknown

Total All 

Subjects (Old + 

New Forms)

Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(Old + New 

Forms):

1995 1994 Old 528,421 459,921 33,151 1,021,493 374,433 3,188

% 51.7% 45.0% 3.2% 100.0% 36.7%

1996 1995 Old 4,130,385 2,583,865 91,054 6,805,304 2,125,958 6,036

% 60.7% 38.0% 1.3% 100.0% 31.2%

1997 1996 Old 3,320,610 1,930,783 65,540 5,316,933 1,709,223 5,692

% 62.5% 36.3% 1.2% 100.0% 32.2%

1998 1997 Old 4,246,130 2,716,880 115,566 7,078,576 2,923,662 7,602

% 60.0% 38.4% 1.6% 100.0% 41.3%

1999 1998 Old 5,102,306 2,712,068 169,863 7,984,237 3,108,228 8,285

% 63.9% 34.0% 2.1% 100.0% 38.9%

2000 1999 Old 5,585,042 3,919,065 64,990 9,569,097 3,406,297 9,390

% 58.4% 41.0% 0.7% 100.0% 35.6%

2001 2000 Old 6,808,822 4,740,887 44,547 11,594,256 3,619,119 10,212

% 58.7% 40.9% 0.4% 100.0% 31.1%

2002 2001 Old + New 7,155,549 3,904,560 78,375 11,138,484 3,666,880 8,945

% 64.2% 35.1% 0.7% 100% 32.9%

2003 2002 Old + New 8,514,481 6,121,496 136,277 14,772,254 5,387,692 10,216

% 57.6% 41.4% 0.9% 100.0% 36.5%

2004 2003 Old + New 10,889,097 7,741,892 292,931 18,923,920 7,611,611 10,125

% 57.5% 40.9% 1.5% 100.0% 40.2%

2005 2004 Old + New 9,503,922 5,941,907 276,923 15,722,752 6,245,436 10,233

60.4% 37.8% 1.8% 100.0% 39.7%

2006 2005 Old + New 9,473,273 5,172,205 185,452 14,830,930 6,388,316 10,758

63.9% 34.9% 1.25% 100.0% 43.1%

2007 2006 Old + New 10,152,590 6,887,793 408,075 17,448,458 5,216,890 10,914

58.2% 39.5% 2.34% 100.0% 29.9%

2008 2007 Old + New 9,243,966 5,991,739 176,650 15,412,355 4,412,106 11,045

60.0% 38.9% 1.15% 100.0% 28.6%

Table 1A Comments:

2. The Race and Ethnicity data in the OLD FORM and the NEW FORM cannot be combined by individual race and ethnicity categories because the 

categories reflect the different OMB Formats used based on the 1977 OMB standards (OLD FORM) and the 1997 OMB Standards (NEW FORM). 

NOTE: Trend data varies over time because the data for each year represent the net total of data resulting from:(1) studies continuing from the prior year; 

(2) the addition of new studies reported; (3) and the subtraction of studies that are no longer reported.

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

Table 1. NIH Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical 

Research Reported in FY 1995-2008: Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity 

1A. Fourteen YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: ENROLLMENT BY SEX/GENDER AND MINORITY CATEGORIES IN ALL 

PROTOCOLS (Old + New Forms)

Subtotal: All Subjects 

Enrolled by US Minority 

Categories

1. Table 1A summarizes enrollment by sex/gender and minority race/ethnicity categories for the fourteen year reporting period (1995-2008). The data are 

compiled from Tables 1B, 1C and 1D below, which provide the detailed distributions by sex/gender and race/ethnicity using the OLD Enrollment Form (Table 

1B) and the NEW Enrollment Form (Tables 1C and 1D).

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Females Males

Sex/Gender Enrollment by Year Reported

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Subtotal: All Subjects 

Enrolled by US Minority 

Categories

Total Minority Enrollment Reported by Year
20

Notes Tables B-D

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 1B, 1C and 1D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 1A.

FY Reported FY Funded American Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic, Not 

White White Unknown/Ot

her Total

Number 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(Old Form):

1995 1994 11,221 38,952 234,976 89,284 540,313 106,747 1,021,493 374,433 3,188

% 1.1% 3.8% 23.0% 8.7% 52.9% 10.5% 100.0% 36.7%

1996 1995 146,319 617,211 823,102 539,326 4,114,249 565,097 6,805,304 2,125,958 6,036

% 2.2% 9.1% 12.1% 7.9% 60.5% 8.3% 100.0% 31.2%

1997 1996 36,638 321,479 864,102 487,004 3,199,778 407,932 5,316,933 1,709,223 5,692

% 0.7% 6.0% 16.3% 9.2% 60.2% 7.7% 100.0% 32.1%

1998 1997 85,957 1,237,030 1,096,218 504,457 3,713,759 441,155 7,078,576 2,923,662 7,602

% 1.2% 17.5% 15.5% 7.1% 52.5% 6.2% 100.0% 41.3%

1999 1998 71,436 1,429,022 1,081,210 526,560 4,470,966 405,043 7,984,237 3,108,228 8,285

% 0.9% 17.9% 13.5% 6.6% 56.0% 5.1% 100.0% 38.9%

2000 1999 82,728 1,525,392 1,209,769 588,408 5,588,942 573,858 9,569,097 3,406,297 9,390

% 0.9% 15.9% 12.6% 6.1% 58.4% 6.0% 100.0% 35.6%

2001 2000 105,067 1,495,279 1,199,625 819,148 7,314,449 660,688 11,594,256 3,619,119 10,212

% 0.9% 12.9% 10.3% 7.1% 63.1% 5.7% 100.0% 31.2%

2002 2001 45,843 1,222,296 702,234 398,657 4,044,052 321,349 6,734,431 2,369,030 6,187

% 0.7% 18.1% 10.4% 5.9% 60.1% 4.8% 100.0% 35.2%

2003 2002 36,579 730,542 472,426 288,523 3,238,284 278,901 5,045,255 1,528,070 4,903

% 0.7% 14.5% 9.4% 5.7% 64.2% 5.5% 100.0% 30.3%

2004 2003 29,387 307,052 342,188 214,322 2,348,529 172,130 3,413,608 892,949 2,782

% 0.9% 9.0% 10.0% 6.3% 68.8% 5.0% 100.0% 26.2%

2005 2004 22,375 254,598 229,615 134,972 1,267,089 102,405 2,011,054 641,560 1,786

% 1.1% 12.7% 11.4% 6.7% 63.0% 5.1% 100.0% 31.9%

2006

2005

19,648 131,786 148,948 78,596 883,041 63,231 1,325,250 378,978 1,391

% 1.5% 9.9% 11.2% 5.9% 66.6% 4.8% 100.0% 28.6%

2007

2006

5,372 51,742 238,004 83,192 1,097,387 48,630 1,524,327 378,310 1,098

% 0.4% 3.4% 15.6% 5.5% 72.0% 3.2% 100.0% 24.8%

2008 2007 1,930 16,258 99,164 28,819 460,533 19,715 626,419 146,171 915

% 0.3% 2.6% 15.8% 4.6% 73.5% 3.1% 100.0% 23.3%

ORIENTATION TO TABLES 1C and 1D.

2. Table 1C displays the New Form Part A for reporting separate race and ethnicity data.

Total of All Subjects by Race

FY Reported FY Funded American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian /Pacific 

Islander White More Than 

One Race

Unknown 

/Other Total* Not 

Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino**

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total*

2002 2001 77,734 354,049 547,776 21,636 2,651,541 30,955 720,362 4,404,053 3,071,952 292,429 1,039,672 4,404,053

% 1.8% 8.0% 12.4% 0.5% 60.2% 0.7% 16.4% 100.0% 69.8% 6.6% 23.6% 100.0%

2003 2002 63,544 2,138,002 960,090 37,569 5,415,710 99,462 1,012,622 9,726,999 8,162,259 611,641 953,099 9,726,999

%

0.7% 22.0% 9.9% 0.4% 55.7% 1.0% 10.4% 100.0% 83.9% 6.3% 9.8% 100.0%

2004

2003

98,047 4,345,396 1,379,857 54,452 8,065,069 186,241 1,381,250 15,510,312 13,168,842 756,339 1,585,131 15,510,312

% 0.6% 28.0% 8.9% 0.4% 52.0% 1.2% 8.9% 100.0% 84.9% 4.9% 10.2% 100.0%

2005 2004 292,215 3,046,370 1,358,262 53,286 7,672,890 182,953 1,105,722 13,711,698 11,804,164 773,939 1,133,595 13,711,698

% 2.1% 22.2% 9.9% 0.4% 56.0% 1.3% 8.1% 100.0% 86.1% 5.6% 8.3% 100.0%

2006 2005 141,567 3,463,202 1,251,339 38,460 7,089,017 321,554 1,200,541 13,505,680 11,308,244 1,054,313 1,143,123 13,505,680

% 1.0% 25.6% 9.3% 0.3% 52.5% 2.4% 8.9% 100.0% 83.7% 7.8% 8.5% 100.0%

2007 2006 145,417 1,356,900 2,012,695 57,149 10,341,483 278,068 1,732,419 15,924,131 13,017,124 1,169,092 1,737,915 15,924,131

% 0.9% 8.5% 12.6% 0.4% 64.9% 1.7% 10.9% 100.0% 81.7% 7.3% 10.9% 100.0%

2008 2007 134,494 1,168,053 1,835,035 48,560 9,651,267 181,941 1,766,586 14,785,936 11,881,644 1,116,699 1,787,594 14,785,937

% 0.9% 7.9% 12.4% 0.3% 65.3% 1.2% 11.9% 100.0% 80.4% 7.6% 12.1% 100.0%

Table 1. NIH Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY 

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority categories. The Data Reported in FY 

1C. New Form Part A: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards for Separate Race and Ethnicity 

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

1B. OLD FORM: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a Combined Race/Ethnicity Format

Subtotal Using US 

Minority Categories 

(shaded): OLD FORM 

1. The New Form consists of Parts A and B (Tables 1C and 1D) for reporting years 2002-2008. This Form is provided as part of the annual progress report.

3. Table 1D displays the New Form Part B, which is the Distribution of Hispanics reported by race, using the totals from the "Hispanic or Latino" column in Part A.
21

FY Reported FY Funded American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian Black or African American

Hawaiian /Pacific 

Islander White More Than One Race

Unknown/Othe

r

Total Hispanic or 

Latino**

Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(New Form):

2002 2001 4,867 1,305 13,066 101 159,252 7390 106,448 292,429 1,297,850 2,758

% 1.7% 0.4% 4.5% 0.0% 54.5% 2.5% 36.4% 100.0% 29.5%

2003 2002 5,400 1,953 14,566 679 350,439 28,088 210,516 611,641 3,859,622 5,313

% 0.9% 0.3% 2.4% 0.1% 57.3% 4.6% 34.4% 100.0% 39.7%

2004 2003 6,408 5,040 25,276 2,037 361,112 62,909 293,557 756,339 6,718,662 7,343

% 0.8% 0.7% 3.3% 0.3% 47.7% 8.3% 38.8% 100.0% 43.3%

2005 2004 22,739 7,816 19,446 1,981 388,874 51,166 281,916 773,938 5,603,876 8,447

% 2.9% 1.0% 2.5% 0.3% 50.2% 6.6% 36.4% 100.0% 40.9%

2006 2005 45,074 6,641 21,712 2,193 417,495 185,477 375,721 1,054,313 6,009,338 9,367

% 4.3% 0.6% 2.1% 0.2% 39.6% 17.6% 35.6% 100.0% 44.5%

2007 2006 37,581 7,414 31,239 4,310 538,216 100,197 450,135 1,169,092 4,838,580 9,816

% 3.2% 0.6% 2.7% 0.4% 46.0% 8.6% 38.5% 100.0% 30.4%

2008 2007 34,335 31,616 85,548 2,369 518,825 64,979 379,027 1,116,699 4,265,935 10,130

% 3.1% 2.8% 7.7% 0.2% 46.5% 5.8% 33.9% 100.0% 28.9%

* These totals must agree.

**These totals must agree.

FY Reported FY Funded

Total Enrollment 

data (Old + New 

Forms):

Total DOMESTIC 

Enrollment

Percent 

DOMESTIC 

Enrollment 

Total FOREIGN 

Enrollment

Percent FOREIGN 

Enrollment 

Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

Number of 

DOMESTIC 

Protocols 

Percent Domestic 

Protocols

Number of 

FOREIGN 

Protocols 

Percent Foreign 

Protocols

2002 2001 11,138,484 10,192,401 91.5% 946,083 8.5% 8,945 8,463 94.6% 482 5.4%

2003 2002 14,772,254 11,911,357 80.6% 2,860,897 19.4% 10,216 9,578 93.8% 638 6.2%

2004 2003 18,923,920 14,359,793 75.9% 4,564,127 24.1% 10,125 9,760 96.4% 365 3.6%

2005 2004 15,722,752 12,669,858 80.6% 3,052,894 19.4% 10,233 9,862 96.4% 371 3.6%

2006 2005 14,830,930 11,425,701 77.0% 3,405,229 23.0% 10,758 10,294 95.7% 464 4.3%

2007 2006 17,448,458 16,180,588 92.7% 1,267,870 7.3% 10,914 10,463 95.9% 451 4.1%

2008 2007 15,412,355 14,134,627 91.7% 1,277,728 8.3% 11,045 10,548 95.5% 497 4.5%

Chart

Table 1E Comments:

Subtotal Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts A+B

1. The Total Enrollment, Total Domestic, and Total Foreign enrollment increased overall from FY2002-2008.

1E. Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Enrollment & Protocols with Total Enrollment for the period FY2002-2008 ENROLLMENT PROTOCOLS

1D. New Form Part B: Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date (Cumulative)

2. The Percent Domestic Enrollment decreased to approximately 91.7%, while the Percent Foreign Enrollment increased to approximately 8.3%.

3. The vast majority of protocols are domestic protocols (approximately 93-96%), while foreign protocols make up approximately 3-6% of total protocols.

4. Foreign enrollment was reported using the same race and ethnicity categories as domestic enrollment. 

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent DOMESTIC Enrollment 

Percent FOREIGN Enrollment 

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent Domestic 

Protocols

Percent Foreign 

Protocols
22

FY 

Reported FY Funded

FOREIGN 

Minority

Foreign 

Total

DOMESTIC 

Minority

Domestic 

Total

2002 2001 777,461 946,083 2,754,820 10,149,869

82.2% 100.0% 27.1% 100.0%

2003 2002 2,452,329 2,860,897 2,935,363 11,911,357

85.7% 100.0% 24.6% 100.0%

2004 2003 4,147,255 4,564,127 3,464,356 14,359,793

90.9% 100.0% 24.1% 100.0%

2005 2004 2,776,565 3,052,894 3,468,864 12,669,858

90.9% 100.0% 27.4% 100.0%

2006 2005 3,087,181 3,405,229 3,301,135 11,425,701

90.7% 100.0% 28.9% 100.0%

2007 2006 932,686 1,267,870 4,283,738 16,180,588

73.6% 100.0% 26.5% 100.0%

2008 2007 864,945 1,277,728 3,521,691 14,134,627

67.7% 100.0% 24.9% 100.0%

Table1F Comments:

2. Foreign Minority Enrollment has varied from 67.7% to 90.9% of Total Foreign Enrollment, reflecting that most of the foreign research is done in countries that are 

within the OMB race and ethnicity origin categories that are included in the summary minority data used in this report.

3. The Total Minority Enrollment reported in FY2008 was 80.3% Domestic and 19.7% Foreign. The small percentage of foreign protocols acount for a significant 

proportion (19.7%) if the Total Minority Enrollment, as shown by comparing both domestic and foreign enrollment data.

1. Domestic Minority Enrollment has varied from 24.1% to 28.9% of Total Domestic Enrollment.

1F. Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Minority Participation for FY 2002-2008

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

4,000

4,500

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Thousands

Number of Participants for FY2002-2007

FOREIGN Minority DOMESTIC Minority

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

FOREIGN Minority

FOREIGN Minority

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

DOMESTIC Minority

DOMESTIC Minority
23

2A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Protocols with Enrollment 10,914 10,463 95.9% 451 4.1%

% 70.1% 70.5% 62.6%

Protocols with zero enrollment. 

Enrollment data has not yet been 

submitted 4,653 4,383 94.2% 270 5.8%

29.9% 29.5% 37.4%

Total Number of Protocols 15,567 14,846 95.4% 721 4.6%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 2A comments on next page.

2B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Females Enrolled 10,152,589 9,397,957 92.6% 754,632 7.4%

% 58.2% 58.1% 59.5%

Males Enrolled 6,887,791 6,389,817 92.8% 497,974 7.2%

% 39.5% 39.5% 39.3%

Sex of Subjects is Unknown 408,078 392,814 96.3% 15,264 3.7%

% 2.3% 2.4% 1.2%

Total Subjects Enrolled 17,448,458 16,180,588 92.7% 1,267,870 7.3%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 2B comments on next page.

2C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Minority Total** 5,216,434 4,283,738 82.1% 932,696 17.9%

% Minority Enrollment 29.9% 26.5% 73.6%

See Table 2C comments on next page.

Table 2. Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported In FY2007: Total Number of 

Protocols and Enrollment By Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

* Clinical research studies include non-intervention clinical research, clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, 

behavioral studies, database studies, etc., based on the NIH definition of clinical research. "Total All Clinical 

Studies" includes NIH Defined Phase III Clinical Trials.

** See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 

1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity 

categories.

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 

100%.
24

COMMENTS

Total Domestic Protocols

Total Foreign Protocols

Total Foreign Enrollment

4. The total Domestic Enrollment reported was 16,180,588 (92.7%)

5. Females made up 58.1% (9.4M) of the domestic subjects enrolled, while Males made up 39.5% (6.4M) with 

2.4% (0.4M) unknown.

3. Total Enrollment Reported increased by 18% in the past year (14,830,930 in FY2006; 17,448,458 in FY2007).

6. The total Foreign Enrollment reported was 1,267,870 (7.3%).

3. Minority Enrollment Reported decreased 18% in the past year (6,388,316 in FY2006; 5,216,434 in FY2007). The 

small percentage of foreign protocols (4.1%) account for 17.9% of minority enrollment.

7. Females made up 59.5% (0.75M) of the foreign subjects enrolled, while males made up 39.3% (0.50M) with 

1.2% unknown (0.015M).

Table 2C: Minority Enrollment Reported

1. Minorities made up 29.9% (5.2M) of the total subjects enrolled.

2. Minorities made up 26.5% (4.3M) of the total Domestic Enrollment.

5. Clinical research involving both domestic and foreign sites are reported as separate domestic and foreign 

protocols in subsequent tables.

6. Foreign protocols account for only a small percentage of protocols 721 (4.6%); of these, 451 (62.6%) reported 

foreign subject enrollment.

Table 2B: Total Enrollment Reported

1. The total "Enrollment Reported" in the NIH database in FY2007 was 17,448,458 subjects in 10,914 protocols 

with enrollment.

Total Domestic Enrollment Reported

2. Females made up 58.2% (10.2M) of total subjects enrolled, while Males made up 39.5% (6.9M), with 2.3% 

unknown.

Table 2. Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported in FY2007: Total Number of Protocols and Enrollment 

by Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

Table 2A: Total Number of Protocols

1. The total number of protocols reported in the NIH database in FY2007 was 15,567; of these, 10,914 (70.1%) 

reported subject enrollment. Of these, the remainder are new clinical studies or studies pending enrollment. 

2. Subsequent tables reporting "Enrollment Reported" are based on the 10,914 protocols reporting subject 

enrollment, or a defined subset.

3. Protocols with zero enrollment (data not yet submitted) are not included in subsequent tables reporting 

"Enrollment Reported."

4. Domestic protocols made up the vast majority of protocols (14,846; 95.4%); of these, 10,463 (70.5%) reported 

domestic subject enrollment.
25

3A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Protocols with Enrollment 11,045 10,548 95.5% 497 4.5%

% 70.8% 70.9% 68.7%

Protocols with zero enrollment. 

Enrollment data has not yet been 

submitted 4,553 4,327 95.0% 226 5.0%

29.2% 29.1% 31.3%

Total Number of Protocols 15,598 14,875 95.4% 723 4.6%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 3A comments on next page.

3B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Females Enrolled 9,243,966 8,514,768 92.1% 729,198 7.9%

% 60.0% 60.2% 57.1%

Males Enrolled 5,991,739 5,451,624 91.0% 540,115 9.0%

% 38.9% 38.6% 42.3%

Sex of Subjects is Unknown 176,650 168,235 95.2% 8,415 4.8%

% 1.1% 1.2% 0.7%

Total Subjects Enrolled 15,412,355 14,134,627 91.7% 1,277,728 8.3%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 3B comments on next page.

3C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED

Total All Clinical 

Studies* Domestic % Foreign %

Minority Total** 4,386,636 3,521,691 80.3% 864,945 19.7%

% Minority Enrollment 28.5% 24.9% 67.7%

See Table 3C comments on next page.

Table 3. Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported In FY2008: Total Number of 

Protocols and Enrollment By Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

* Clinical research studies include non-intervention clinical research, clinical trials, epidemiologic studies, 

behavioral studies, database studies, etc., based on the NIH definition of clinical research. "Total All Clinical 

Studies" includes NIH Defined Phase III Clinical Trials.

** See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 

1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity 

categories.

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 

100%.
26

COMMENTS

Total Domestic Protocols

Total Foreign Protocols

Total Foreign Enrollment

3. Protocols with zero enrollment (data not yet submitted) are not included in subsequent tables reporting 

"Enrollment Reported."

4. Domestic protocols made up the vast majority of protocols (14,875; 95.4%); of these, 10,548 (70.9%) reported 

domestic subject enrollment.

5. Clinical research involving both domestic and foreign sites are reported as separate domestic and foreign 

protocols in subsequent tables.

6. Foreign protocols account for only a small percentage of protocols (723; 4.6%); of these, 497 (68.7%) reported 

foreign subject enrollment.

Table 3. Summary of NIH Clinical Research Reported in FY2008: Total Number of Protocols and Enrollment 

by Sex and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

Table 3A: Total Number of Protocols

1. The total number of protocols reported in the NIH database in FY2008 was 15,598; of these, 11,045 (70.8%) 

reported subject enrollment.

2. Subsequent tables reporting "Enrollment Reported" are based on the 11,045 protocols reporting subject 

enrollment, or a defined subset.

Table 3B: Total Enrollment Reported

1. The total "Enrollment Reported" in the NIH database in FY2008 was 15,412,355 subjects in 11,045 protocols 

with enrollment.

Total Domestic Enrollment Reported

2. Females made up 60.0% (9.2M) of total subjects enrolled, while Males made up 38.9% (6.0M), with 1.1% 

unknown.

4. The total Domestic Enrollment reported was 14,134,627 (91.7%)

5. Females made up 60.2% (8.5M) of the domestic subjects enrolled, while Males made up 38.6% (5.5M) with 

1.2% (0.2M) unknown.

3. Minority Enrollment Reported decreased 16% in the past year (5,216,434 in FY2007; 4,386,636 in FY2008). The 

small percentage of foreign protocols (4.5%) account for 19.7% of minority enrollment.

7. Females made up 57.1% (0.73M) of the foreign subjects enrolled, while males made up 42.3% (0.54M) with 

0.7% unknown (0.008M).

Table 3C: Minority Enrollment Reported

1. Minorities made up 28.5% (4.4M) of the total subjects enrolled.

2. Minorities made up 24.9% (3.5M) of the total Domestic Enrollment.

3. Total Enrollment Reported decreased by 11.7% in the past year (17,448,458 in FY2007; 15,412,355 in 

6. The total Foreign Enrollment reported was 1,277,728 (8.3%).
27

FY 

Reported

FY 

Funded Females Males Unknown

Total All 

Subjects 

(Old + New 

Forms)

Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

1995 1994 171,181 108,324 19,818 299,323 80,562 560

% 57.2% 36.2% 6.6% 100.0% 26.9%

1996 1995 264,755 203,698 21,210 489,663 110,669 608

% 54.1% 41.6% 4.3% 100.0% 22.6%

1997 1996 264,755 203,698 21,210 489,663 110,000 608

% 54.1% 41.6% 4.3% 100.0% 22.5%

1998 1997 228,417 74,389 2,705 305,511 69,599 320

% 74.8% 24.3% 0.9% 100.0% 22.8%

1999 1998 339,533 163,950 1,446 504,929 141,449 578

% 67.2% 32.5% 0.3% 100.0% 28.0%

2000 1999 313,952 180,705 1,086 495,743 120,339 589

% 63.3% 36.5% 0.2% 100.0% 24.3%

2001 2000 412,379 168,085 1,273 581,737 117,873 645

% 70.9% 28.9% 0.2% 100.0% 20.3%

2002 2001 278,876 195,090 781 474,747 111,269 754

% 58.7% 41.1% 0.2% 100.0% 23.4%

2003 2002 294,950 239,403 1,914 536,267 132,302 852

% 55.0% 44.6% 0.4% 100.0% 24.7%

2004 2003 301,353 242,913 1,101 545,367 150,456 573

% 55.3% 44.5% 0.2% 100.0% 27.6%

2005 2004 290,977 197,300 4,723 493,000 154,191 547

59.0% 40.0% 1.0% 100.0% 31.3%

2006 2005 314,066 179,975 5,389 499,430 167,446 624

62.9% 36.0% 1.1% 100.0% 33.5%

2007 2006 324,694 249,633 16,832 591,159 244,932 621

54.9% 42.2% 2.8% 100.0% 41.4%

2008 2007 455,612 319,732 17,234 792,578 270,899 639

57.5% 40.3% 2.2% 100.0% 34.2%

Charts

Ta

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

OLD FORM OLD + NEW FORM

Unknown

Males

Females

ble 4A Comments:

1. Table 4A summarizes enrollment by sex/gender and minority race/ethnicity categories for the fourteen year reporting period (1995-2008). The data are 

compiled from Tables 4B, 4C and 4D below, which provide the detailed distributions by sex/gender and r

2. The Race and Ethnicity data in the OLD FORM and the NEW FORM cannot be combined by individual race and ethnicity categories because the categories 

reflect the different OMB Formats used based on the 1977 OMB standards (OLD FORM) and the 1997 OMB Stand

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

Table 4: Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural 

Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY1995-2008: Enrollment by Race and 

Ethnicity

Total Phase III Enrollment by Year Reported

Sex/Gender Phase III Enrollment by Year Reported

4A. Phase III Fourteen YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: ENROLLMENT BY SEX/GENDER IN ALL PROTOCOLS 

(Old + New Forms)

Subtotal: All Subjects 

Enrolled by US 

Minority Categories

NOTE: Trend data varies over time because the data for each year represent the net total of data resulting from:(1) studies continuing from the prior year; (2) the addition 

of new studies reported; (3) and the subtraction of studies that are no longer rep

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007

OLD FORM OLD + NEW FORM

Subtotal: All Subjects Enrolled 

by US Minority Categories
28

Notes Tables 4B-D

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 4B, 4C and 4D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 4A.

FY 

Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic, 

Not White White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Number 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old 

Form):

1995 1994 5,358 2,740 52,433 20,031 172,773 45,988 299,323 560

% 1.8% 0.9% 17.5% 6.7% 57.7% 15.4% 100.0%

1996 1995 4,235 40,126 46,838 19,470 321,445 57,549 489,663 608

% 0.9% 8.2% 9.6% 4.0% 65.6% 11.8% 100.0%

1997 1996 4,235 40,126 46,838 19,470 321,445 57,549 489,663 608

% 0.9% 8.2% 9.6% 4.0% 65.6% 11.8% 100.0%

1998 1997 5,030 5,324 42,805 16,440 229,534 6,378 305,511 320

% 1.6% 1.7% 14.0% 5.4% 75.1% 2.1% 100.0%

1999 1998 3,685 20,276 76,921 40,567 336,703 26,777 504,929 578

% 0.7% 4.0% 15.2% 8.0% 66.7% 5.3% 100.0%

2000 1999 3,726 24,017 62,512 30,084 335,824 39,580 495,743 589

% 0.8% 4.8% 12.6% 6.1% 67.7% 8.0% 100.0%

2001 2000 4,079 11,132 70,110 32,552 422,802 41,062 581,737 645

% 0.7% 1.9% 12.1% 5.6% 72.7% 7.1% 100.0%

2002 2001 1,645 20,560 51,991 29,636 315,543 12,228 431,603 660

% 0.38% 4.8% 12.0% 6.9% 73.1% 2.8% 100.00%

2003 2002 1,689 20,038 49,255 29,066 337,654 16,615 454,317 656

% 0.4% 4.4% 10.8% 6.4% 74.3% 3.7% 100.0%

2004 2003 1,505 18,807 45,285 32,974 265,764 14,050 378,385 296

% 0.4% 5.0% 12.0% 8.7% 70.2% 3.7% 100.0%

2005 2004 1,319 17,740 39,402 21,829 231,492 4,507 316,289 210

% 0.4% 5.6% 12.5% 6.9% 73.2% 1.4% 100.0%

2006 2005 1,012 16,800 20,355 9,524 175,724 6,348 229,763 215

% 0.4% 7.3% 8.9% 4.1% 76.5% 2.8% 100.0%

2007 2006 751 3,943 21,582 9,333 169,789 4,259 209,657 197

% 0.4% 1.9% 10.3% 4.5% 81.0% 2.0% 100.0%

2008 2007 900 4,542 22,445 9,642 190,753 4,262 232,544 164

% 0.4% 2.0% 9.7% 4.1% 82.0% 1.8% 100.0%

ORIENTATION TO TABLES 4C and 4D.

2. Table 4C displays the New Form Part A for reporting separate race and ethnicity data.

FY 

Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian 

/Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown 

/Other Total Not 

Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/

Not 

Reported

Total

2002 2001 159 799 4,647 52 34,654 560 2,273 43,144 36,224 1,629 5,291 43,144

% 0.37% 1.85% 10.77% 0.12% 80.32% 1.30% 5.27% 100.00% 83.96% 3.78% 12.26% 100.00%

2003 2002 484 2,609 21,641 220 47,869 989 8,138 81,950 64,295 7,831 9,824 81,950

% 0.6% 3.2% 26.4% 0.3% 58.4% 1.2% 9.9% 100.0% 78.5% 9.6% 12.0% 100.0%

2004 2003 1,396 4,385 43,721 611 106,793 4,419 5,657 166,982 145,742 13,435 7,805 166,982

% 0.8% 2.6% 26.2% 0.4% 64.0% 2.6% 3.4% 100.0% 87.3% 8.0% 4.7% 100.0%

2005 2004 2,164 9,192 50,338 462 101,238 3,063 10,254 176,711 156,650 10,397 9,664 176,711

% 1.2% 5.2% 28.5% 0.3% 57.3% 1.7% 5.8% 100.0% 88.6% 5.9% 5.5% 100.0%

2006 2005 4,630 32,360 50,780 535 126,670 4,246 50,446 269,667 202,358 31,034 36,275 269,667

% 1.7% 12.0% 18.8% 0.2% 47.0% 1.6% 18.7% 100.0% 75.0% 11.5% 13.5% 100.0%

2007 2006 9,351 47,364 84,468 555 133,002 4,145 102,617 381,502 254,692 71,622 55,188 381,502

% 2.5% 12.4% 22.1% 0.1% 34.9% 1.1% 26.9% 100.0% 66.8% 18.8% 14.5% 100.0%

2008 2007 15,006 95,296 103,166 716 281,344 12,136 52,370 560,034 460,862 64,351 34,821 560,034

% 2.7% 17.0% 18.4% 0.1% 50.2% 2.2% 9.4% 100.0% 82.3% 11.5% 6.2% 100.0%

FY 

Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (New 

Form):

2002 2001 49 22 31 4 660 304 560 1,630 94

% 3.0% 1.3% 1.9% 0.2% 40.5% 18.7% 34.4% 100.0%

2003 2002 37 70 186 23 2,115 203 5,197 7,831 196

% 0.5% 0.9% 2.4% 0.3% 27.0% 2.6% 66.4% 100.0%

2004 2003 269 59 193 26 7,264 3,052 2,572 13,435 277

% 2.0% 0.4% 1.4% 0.2% 54.1% 22.7% 19.1% 100.0%

2005 2004 759 42 446 45 3,667 423 5,015 10,397 337

% 7.3% 0.4% 4.3% 0.4% 35.3% 4.1% 48.2% 100.0%

2006 2005 2,307 50 720 40 6,872 713 20,332 31,034 409

% 7.4% 0.2% 2.3% 0.1% 22.1% 2.3% 65.5% 100.0%

2007 2006 7,333 45 458 24 7,430 322 56,010 71,622 424

% 10.2% 0.1% 0.6% 0.0% 10.4% 0.4% 78.2% 100.0%

2008 2007 13,060 229 717 122 22,293 5,654 22,276 64,351 475

% 20.3% 0.4% 1.1% 0.2% 34.6% 8.8% 34.6% 100.0%

* These totals must agree

** These totals must agree

69,599

22.8%

141,449

80,290

24.1%

100,048

98,571

80,562

110,669

22.6%

110,669

22.6%

20.3%

35,609

47,691

20.8%

4B. Phase III OLD FORM: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a Combined 

Race/Ethnicity Format

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority categories. The Data 

Reported in FY 2002 and later are from the new Population Tracking System that was deployed with data report

Table 4: Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III 

Clinical Research Reported in FY1995-2008: Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity

Subtotal Using US 

Minority Categories 

(shaded): OLD FORM 

22.0%

103,832

26.9%

25.4%

26.1%

28.0%

120,339

24.3%

117,873

17.0%

4C. Phase III New Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards for Separate Race 

and Ethnicity 

1. The New Form consists of Parts A and B (Tables 4C and 4D) for reporting years 2002-2008. This Form is provided as part of the annual 

3. Table 4D displays the New Form Part B, which is the Distribution of Hispanics reported by race, using the totals from the "Hispanic or Latino" 

column in Part A.

37,529

16.1%

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Subtotal Using US 

Minority Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts A+B

7,437

4D. Phase III Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date (Cumulative)

17.2%

32,254

39.4%

54,405

32.6%

73,901

41.8%

209,323

119,755

44.4%

54.9%

270,889

48.4%
29

FY 

Reported FY Funded

Total 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

Total 

DOMESTIC 

Percent 

DOMESTIC 

Total 

FOREIGN

Percent 

FOREIGN 

Number of 

Protocols 

with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

Number of 

DOMESTIC 

Protocols 

Percent 

Domestic 

Protocols

Number of 

FOREIGN 

Protocols 

Percent 

Foreign 

Protocols

2002 2001 474,747 444,436 93.6% 30,311 6.4% 754 582 77.2% 172 22.8%

2003 2002 536,267 486,857 90.8% 49,410 9.2% 852 643 75.5% 209 24.5%

2004 2003 545,367 496,241 91.0% 49,126 9.0% 573 549 95.8% 24 4.2%

2005 2004 493,000 437,902 88.8% 55,098 11.2% 547 517 94.5% 30 5.5%

2006 2005 499,430 400,297 80.2% 99,133 19.8% 624 564 90.4% 60 9.6%

2007 2006 591,159 428,440 72.5% 162,719 27.5% 653 609 93.3% 44 6.7%

2008 2007 792,578 591,105 74.6% 201,473 25.4% 639 585 91.5% 54 8.5%

 Percentage of Phase III Domestic and Foreign Enrollment Number of Phase III Domestic and Foreign protocols

Charts

Table 4E Comments:

FY 

Reported FY Funded

FOREIGN 

Phase III 

Minority

FOREIGN 

Phase III 

Total

DOMESTIC 

Phase III 

Minority

DOMESTIC 

Phase III 

Total

2002 2001 18,308 30,311 92,961 444,436

60.4% 100.0% 20.9% 100.0%

2003 2002 23,927 49,410 109,376 486,857

48.4% 100.0% 22.5% 100.0%

2004 2003 37,126 49,126 125,813 496,241

75.6% 100.0% 25.4% 100.0%

2005 2004 44,281 55,098 109,910 437,902

80.4% 100.0% 25.1% 100.0%

2006 2005 84,412 99,133 83,034 400,297

85.2% 100.0% 20.7% 100.0%

2007 2006 156,533 162,713 79,769 383,050

96.2% 100.0% 20.8% 100.0%

2008 2007 188,851 201,473 119,582 591,105

93.7% 100.0% 20.2% 100.0%

Table 8F Comments:

3. The Total Minority Enrollment reported in FY2008 was 80.3% Domestic and 19.7% Foreign (see Table 1). The small percentage of foreign 

protocols (4.5%) account for a significant proportion (19.7%) of the Total Minority Enrollment, as shown by comparing b

ENROLLMENT PROTOCOLS

4E. Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Phase III Enrollment and Protocols with Enrollment for the 

period FY2002-2008

Table 4: Fourteen Year Minority Trend Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III 

Clinical Research Reported in FY1995-2008: Enrollment by Race and Ethnicity

2. The Total Phase III Minority Domestic Participants varied from 20.2% to 25.4% between 2002 and 2008.

4F. Phase III Foreign and Domestic Minority Comparison for FY 2002-2008

1. The Total Enrollment, Total Domestic, and Total Foreign enrollment increased overall from FY 2002 - 2008.

2. The Percent Domestic enrollment increased to approximately 74.6%, while Foreign enrollment decreased to approximately 25.4% in 2008.

3. The vast majority of protocols in FY 2004 - 2008 are domestic protocols.

1. The Total Phase III Minority Foreign Participants increased from 60.4% in 2002 to 93.7% in 2008.

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent DOMESTIC 

Percent FOREIGN 

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Number of DOMESTIC 

Protocols 

Number of FOREIGN 

Protocols 

0

50000

100000

150000

200000

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

FOREIGN Phase III

Minority

DOMESTIC Phase III

Minority
30

5A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Protocols with Enrollment 653 609 93.3% 44 6.7%

% 87.2% 87.6% 81.5%

Protocols with zero enrollment. 

Enrollment data has not yet been 

submitted. 96 86 89.6% 10 10.4%

12.8% 12.4% 18.5%

Total Number of Protocols 749 695 92.8% 54 7.2%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 5A comments on next page.

5B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Females Enrolled 324,694 228,289 70.3% 96,405 29.7%

% 54.9% 53.3% 59.2%

Males Enrolled 249,633 183,878 73.7% 65,755 26.3%

% 42.2% 42.9% 40.4%

Sex of Subjects is Unknown 16,832 16,273 96.7% 559 0.0%

% 2.8% 3.8% 0.3%

Total Subjects Enrolled 591,159 428,440 72.5% 162,719 27.5%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 5B comments on next page.

5C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED**

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Minority Total for all Phase III studies 244,932 88,339 36.1% 156,593 63.9%

41.4% 20.6% 96.2%

See Table 5C on next page. 

Table 5. Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported In FY2007: Total Number of 

Protocols and Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

* An NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is a broadly based prospective Phase III clinical investigation, usually involving several 

hundred or more human subjects, for the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or 

controlled intervention or comparing two or more existing treatments. Often the aim of such investigation is to provide evidence 

leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or standard of care. 

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. OMB 

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.
31

COMMENTS

Total Foreign Protocols

4. Total Minority Enrollment 88,339 was (36.1%) Domestic 156,593 and (63.9%) Foreign.

1. Total Minority Enrollment was 41.4% (244,932) of Total Enrollment Reported 591,159.

2. Minorities 88,339 made up (20.6%) of the Total Domestic Enrollment 428,440.

Table 5B: Total Enrollment Reported

4. The total Domestic Enrollment reported was 428,440 (72.5%).

7. Females 96,405 made up (59.2%) of the Foreign subjects enrolled, while Males 65,755 made up (40.4%), with 

Unknowns 559 making up (0.3%).

Total Foreign Enrollment Reported

5. Females 228,289 made up (53.3%) of the Domestic subjects enrolled, while Males 183,878 made up 42.9% with 

Unkowns 16,273 making up (3.8%).

2. Females 324,649 made up (54.9%) of the total subjects enrolled, while Males 249,633 made up (42.2%) with 

Unknowns 16,832 making up (2.8%). 

Total Domestic Enrollment Reported

3. Minorities 244,932 made up (41.4%) of the total subjects enrolled 591,159.

Total Domestic Protocols:

4. Domestic protocols made up the majority of protocols with a total of 695 (92.8%); of these, 609 (87.6%) reported 

domestic subject enrollment.

5. Clinical Research involving both domestic and foreign sites are reported as separate domestic and foreign 

protocols in subsequent tables.

3. Minorities 156,593 made up (96.2%) of the Total Foreign Enrollment 162,719. 

6. Total Foreign Protocols accounted for only a small percentage of protocols 54 (7.2%). Of these, 44 (6.7%) 

reported foreign enrollment. 

Table 5C: Minority Enrollment Reported

6. The total Foreign Enrollment Reported was 162,719 (27.5%).

8. Total Foreign Enrollment increased by 64% from 99,133 in FY2006 to 162,719 in FY 2007).

Table 5A: Total Number of Protocols

1. The total number of NIH defined Phase III Clinical Protocols reported in the NIH database in FY2007 was 749; of 

these, 653 (87.2%) reported subject enrollment. Of these, the remainder are new clinical studies or studies pending 

enrollment. 

2. Subsequent tables reporting "Enrollment Reported" are based on the 653 protocols reporting subject enrollment, 

or a defined subset.

3. Protocols with zero enrollment (data not yet submitted) are not included in subsequent tables reporting 

"Enrollment Reported"

1. The total "Enrollment Reported" in NIH Defined Phase III Protocols in the NIH database in FY2007 was 591,159 

subjects in 653 protocols.

Table 5. Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY2007: Total Number of 

Protocols and Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols
32

6A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Protocols with Enrollment 639 585 91.5% 54 8.5%

% 88.0% 88.1% 87.1%

Protocols with zero enrollment. 

Enrollment data has not yet been 

submitted. 87 79 90.8% 8 9.2%

12.0% 11.9% 12.9%

Total Number of Protocols 726 664 91.5% 62 8.5%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 6A comments on next page.

6B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Females Enrolled 455,590 347,982 76.4% 107,608 23.6%

% 57.5% 58.9% 53.4%

Males Enrolled 319,754 226,266 70.8% 93,488 29.2%

% 40.3% 38.3% 46.4%

Sex of Subjects is Unknown 17,234 16,857 97.8% 377 0.0%

% 2.2% 2.9% 0.2%

Total Subjects Enrolled 792,578 591,105 74.6% 201,473 25.4%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 6B comments on next page.

6C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED**

Total of Phase III 

Clinical Trials* Domestic % Foreign %

Minority Total for all Phase III studies 308,433 119,582 38.8% 188,851 61.2%

38.9% 20.2% 93.7%

See Table 6C on next page. 

Table 6. Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported In FY2008: 

Total Number of Protocols and Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus 

Foreign Protocols

* An NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is a broadly based prospective Phase III clinical investigation, usually 

involving several hundred or more human subjects, for the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in 

comparison with a standard or controlled intervention or comparing two or more existing treatments. Often the aim of 

such investigation is to provide evidence leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or 

standard of care. 

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 

1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity 

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.
33

COMMENTS

Total Foreign Protocols

4. Total Minority Enrollment was 38.86% Domestic and 61.2% Foreign.

Total Domestic Protocols:

4. Domestic protocols made up the majority of protocols with a total of 664 (91.5%); of these, 585 (91.5%) reported 

domestic subject enrollment.

5. Clinical Research involving both domestic and foreign sites are reported as separate domestic and foreign 

protocols in subsequent tables.

4. The total Domestic Enrollment reported was 591,105 (74.6%)

6. The total Foreign Enrollment Reported was 201,473 (25.4%).

8. Total Foreign Enrollment increased by 24% (162,719 in FY2007; 201,473 in FY2008).

1. The total "Enrollment Reported" in NIH Defined Phase III Protocols in the NIH database in FY2008 was 792,578 

subjects in 639 protocols.

5 Females made up 58.9% (347,982) of the Domestic subjects enrolled, while Males made up 38.3% (226,266), with 

2.9% (16,857) unknown.

Table 6B: Total Enrollment Reported

7. Females made up 53.4% (107,608) of the Foreign subjects enrolled, while Males made up 46.4% (93,488), with 

0.2% (377) unknown.

Total Domestic Enrollment Reported

Total Foreign Enrollment Reported

Table 6A: Total Number of Protocols

1. The total number of NIH defined Phase III Clinical Protocols reported in the NIH database in FY2008 was 726; of 

these, 639 (88.0%) reported subject enrollment. 

2. Subsequent tables reporting "Enrollment Reported" are based on the 639 protocols reporting subject enrollment, 

or a defined subset.

3. Minorities made up 93.7% (188,851) - the vast majority - of the Total Foreign Enrollment (201,473). 

1. Total Minority Enrollment was 38.9% (308,433) of Total Enrollment Reported (792,578).

2. Minorities made up 20.2% (119,582) of the Total Domestic Enrollment (591,105).

6. Total Foreign Protocols increased from 44 in FY2007 to 54 in FY2008.

Table 6C: Minority Enrollment Reported

2. Females made up 57.5% (455,590) of the total subjects enrolled, while Males made up 40.3% (319,754), with 

2.2% (17,234) unknown. 

3. Minorities made up 38.9% (308,433) of the total subjects enrolled (792,578).

Table 6. Summary of NIH Phase III Clinical Research Reported in FY2007: Total Number of Protocols and 

Enrollment by Sex, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

3. Protocols with zero enrollment (data not yet submitted) are not included in subsequent tables reporting 

"Enrollment Reported"
34

7A. PROTOCOLS 

REPORTED

Total All 

Clinical 

Studies Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

Number of Protocols reporting 

females only 1,340 1,161 86.6% 127 9.5% 46 3.4% 6 0.4%

% 8.6% 8.9% 7.2% 7.3% 6.9%

Number of Protocols reporting 

males only 517 470 90.9% 27 5.2% 15 2.9% 5 1.0%

% 3.3% 3.6% 1.5% 2.4% 5.7%

Number of Protocols with Both 

Female and Male Enrollment 

(excluding sex-specific 

protocols) 9,057 7,351 81.2% 1,327 14.7% 319 3.5% 60 0.7%

% 58.2% 56.2% 75.4% 50.3% 69.0%

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment 10,914 8,982 82.3% 1,481 13.6% 380 3.5% 71 0.7%

% 70.1% 69% 84.1% 59.9% 81.6%

Number of Protocols with zero 

enrollment. Enrollment data 

has not yet been submitted. 4,653 4,103 88.2% 280 6.0% 254 5.5% 16 0.3%

% 29.9% 31.4% 15.9% 40.1% 18.4%

Total Number of Protocols 15,567 13,085 84.1% 1,761 11.3% 634 4.1% 87 0.6%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

7B. ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED

Total All 

Clinical 

Studies Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

In Protocols reporting females 

only 9,000,648 6,830,795 75.9% 1,884,141 20.9% 142,737 1.6% 142,975 1.6%

% 51.6% 52.2% 60.8% 15.7% 40.1%

In Protocols reporting males 

only 377,803 335,655 88.8% 3,203 0.8% 11,998 3.2% 26,947 7.1%

% 2.2% 2.6% 0.1% 1.3% 7.5%

In Protocols excluding femaleonly and male-only enrollment 

protocols 8,070,007 5,913,901 73.3% 1,212,893 15.0% 756,196 9.4% 187,017 2.3%

% 46.3% 45.2% 39.1% 83.0% 52.4%

Enrollment Totals for all studies 17,448,458 13,080,351 75.0% 3,100,237 17.8% 910,931 5.2% 356,939 2.0%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 7B Comments on next page.

7C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED** Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

Minority Totals for all studies 5,216,434 3,651,722 70.0% 632,016 12.1% 746,278 14.3% 186,418 3.6%

% Minority enrollment 29.9% 27.9% 20.4% 81.9% 52.2%

Table 7. Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY2007: Number of SexSpecific Protocols, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Domestic Foreign

Domestic Foreign

See Table 7C comments on next page.

See Table 7A comments on next page.

Domestic Foreign

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity 

categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity categories. 
35

COMMENTS

 

Total Minority Enrollment in all Intramural protocols (Domestic + Foreign): 0.82M (4.7%) of Total Enrollment (818,434/17,448,458).

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 0.93M (5.3%) of Total Enrollment (932,696/17,448,458).

Total Minority Enrollment: 29.9% of Total Enrollment (5.2M/17.4M)

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 4.3M (24.6%) of Total Enrollment (4,283,738/17,448,458).

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment: 4.3M (82.1%) of Total Minority Enrollment (4,283,738/5,216,434).

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment: 0.93M (17.9%) of Total Minority Enrollment (932,696/5,216,434).

Total Minority Enrollment in all Extramural protocols (Domestic + Foreign): 4.4M (25.2%) of Total Enrollment (4,398,000/17,448,458).

 7.0M (77.5%) were in Extramural protocols; 2.03 (22.5%) were in NIH Intramural protocols.

 8.7M (96.8%) were Domestic protocols, 0.28 (3.2%) were Foreign Protocols.

2. In Male Only Protocols: There were approximately 377,803 males, representing 2.2% of total enrollment

Table 7C Minority Enrollment Reported

 7.13M (88.3%) were Domestic protocols, 0.94M (11.7%) were Foreign protocols.

 0.35M (92.0%) were in Extramural protocols; 0.3 (8.0%) were in NIH Intramural protocols.

 0.34M (89.7%) were Domestic protocols; 0.38M (10.3%) were Foreign protocols.

 6.6M (82.7%) were in Extramural protocols; 1.4M (17.3%) were in NIH Intramural protocols.

3. In Protocols reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific studies): There were approximately 8.1M subjects, 

representing 46.3% of total enrollment

Table 7: Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY2006: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols 

and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

Table 7A: Total Number of Protocols with Enrollment

1. In Female Only Protocols: There were approximately 9.0 M females, representing 51.6% of total enrollment

 7,760 (84.7%) were Extramural protocols; 1,384 (15.3%) were NIH Intramural protocols.

 8,678 (95.8%) were Domestic Protocols; 379 (4.2%) were Foreign Protocols.

Table 7B Total Enrollment Reported

1. Female Only Protocols: There were 1,340 protocols reporting females only, representing 12.3% (1,340/10,914) of protocols 

with enrollment.

3. Protocols Reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific protocols): There were 9,057 protocols reporting both 

female and male participants representing 83.0% (9,057/10,914) of protocols with enrollment.

 1,207 (90.1%) were Extramural Protocols; 132 (9.9%) were NIH Intramural Protocols.

 1,288 (96.1%) were Domestic Protocols; 52 (3.9%) were Foreign Protocols.

2. Male Only Protocols: There were 517 protocols reporting males only, representing 4.7% (516/10,914) of protocols with 

enrollment.

 485 (93.8%) were Extramural Protocols; 32 (6.2%) were NIH Intramural Protocols.

 497 (96.1%) were Domestic Protocols; 20 (3.9%) were Foreign Protocols.
36

8A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 9,362

Females 8,652,645 2,716,478 31.39%

% 61.84% 61.76%

Males 4,971,895 1,663,177 33.45%

% 35.54% 37.81%

Unknown 366,742 18,789 5.12%

% 2.62% 0.43%

TOTAL 13,991,282 4,398,444 31.44%

Total % 100% 100.00%

8,713

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total

86,249 799,997 996,531 30,436 5,456,346 160,305 847,000 8,376,864 6,917,630 683,000 776,234 8,376,864

0.64% 5.93% 7.39% 0.23% 40.46% 1.19% 6.28% 62.12% 51.30% 5.07% 5.76% 62.12%

1.03% 9.55% 11.90% 0.36% 65.14% 1.91% 10.11% 100.00% 82.58% 8.15% 9.27% 100.00%

69.75% 68.38% 56.12% 57.28% 63.17% 60.63% 58.00% 62.12% 63.28% 64.02% 52.22% 62.12%

36,876 368,138 771,181 22,345 3,157,379 102,084 291,234 4,749,237 3,985,057 378,293 385,887 4,749,237

0.27% 2.73% 5.72% 0.17% 23.41% 0.76% 2.16% 35.22% 29.55% 2.81% 2.86% 35.22%

0.78% 7.75% 16.24% 0.47% 66.48% 2.15% 6.13% 100.00% 83.91% 7.97% 8.13% 100.00%

29.82% 31.46% 43.43% 42.05% 36.55% 38.61% 19.94% 35.22% 36.46% 35.46% 25.96% 35.22%

526 1,863 7,854 355 23,725 2,003 322,015 358,341 28,501 5,547 324,293 358,341

0.00% 0.01% 0.06% 0.00% 0.18% 0.01% 2.39% 2.66% 0.21% 0.04% 2.40% 2.66%

0.15% 0.52% 2.19% 0.10% 6.62% 0.56% 89.86% 100.00% 7.95% 1.55% 90.50% 100.00%

0.43% 0.16% 0.44% 0.67% 0.27% 0.76% 22.05% 2.66% 0.26% 0.52% 21.82% 2.66%

123,651 1,169,998 1,775,566 53,136 8,637,450 264,392 1,460,249 13,484,442 10,931,188 1,066,840 1,486,414 13,484,442

0.92% 8.68% 13.17% 0.39% 64.05% 1.96% 10.83% 100.00% 81.07% 7.91% 11.02% 100.00%

0.92% 8.68% 13.17% 0.39% 64.05% 1.96% 10.83% 100.00% 81.07% 7.91% 11.02% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

19,600 5,562 17,069 2,574 328,520 55,722 253,953 683,000 2,655,991

1.84% 0.52% 1.60% 0.24% 30.79% 5.22% 23.80% 64.02% 19.70%

2.87% 0.81% 2.50% 0.38% 48.10% 8.16% 37.18% 100.00% 31.71%

55.79% 75.35% 60.43% 60.52% 68.30% 57.60% 61.33% 64.02% 62.03%

15,372 1,784 11,091 1665 151,846 40,563 155,972 378,293 1,608,442

1.44% 0.17% 1.04% 0.16% 14.23% 3.80% 14.62% 35.46% 11.93%

4.06% 0.47% 2.93% 0.44% 40.14% 10.72% 41.23% 100.00% 33.87%

43.76% 24.17% 39.26% 39.15% 31.57% 41.93% 37.67% 35.46% 37.56%

159 36 88 14 652 452 4,146 5,547 17,399

0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.06% 0.04% 0.39% 0.52% 0.13%

2.87% 0.65% 1.59% 0.25% 11.75% 8.15% 74.74% 100.00% 4.86%

0.45% 0.49% 0.31% 0.33% 0.14% 0.47% 1.00% 0.52% 0.41%

35,131 7,382 28,248 4,253 481,018 96,737 414,071 1,066,840 4,281,832

3.29% 0.69% 2.65% 0.40% 45.09% 9.07% 38.81% 100.00% 31.75%

3.29% 0.69% 2.65% 0.40% 45.09% 9.07% 38.81% 100.00% 31.75%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Female

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

 Table 8. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

8B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity
37

Table 8

649

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

1,804 7,845 30,985 19,853 198,153 17,141 275,781 60,487

0.36% 1.55% 6.11% 3.92% 39.10% 3.38% 54.41% 11.93%

0.65% 2.84% 11.24% 7.20% 71.85% 6.22% 100.00% 21.93%

49.10% 53.55% 52.52% 50.52% 56.14% 45.98% 54.41% 51.87%

1,727 6,638 27,428 18,942 153,077 14,846 222,658 54,735

0.34% 1.31% 5.41% 3.74% 30.20% 2.93% 43.93% 10.80%

0.78% 2.98% 12.32% 8.51% 68.75% 6.67% 100.00% 24.58%

47.01% 45.31% 46.50% 48.20% 43.37% 39.82% 43.93% 46.94%

143 168 578 501 1,717 5,294 8,401 1390

0.028% 0.03% 0.11% 0.10% 0.34% 1.04% 1.66% 0.27%

1.70% 2.00% 6.88% 5.96% 20.44% 63.02% 100.00% 16.55%

3.89% 1.15% 0.98% 1.27% 0.49% 14.20% 1.66% 1.19%

3,674 14,651 58,991 39,296 352,947 37,281 506,840 116,612

0.72% 2.89% 11.64% 7.75% 69.64% 7.36% 100.00% 23.01%

0.72% 2.89% 11.64% 7.75% 69.64% 7.36% 100.00% 23.01%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

In FY2007 more females (8,652,645; 61.84%) than males (4,971,895; 35.54%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural research protocols.

More minority females (2,716,4781; 61.76%) than minority males (1,663,177; 37.81%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural research protocols.

Race

Approximately 31.44% (4,398,444) of participants in aggregate extramural research ( 16,979,004 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 69.64% following the 1977 OMB standards and 64.05% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.64% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 13.17% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.72%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.39%.

Ethnicity

7.91% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 45.09% (2nd largest category is Unknown/Other at 38.81%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders at 0.40% 

Of the 1,066,840 participants, 64.02% were women and 35.46% were men.

7.75% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Number of Protocols with 

8C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
38

9A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total All 

Clinical Studies Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

Number of Protocols reporting 

females only 1,272 1,104 86.8% 121 9.5% 40 3.1% 7 0.6%

% 8.2% 8.4% 6.8% 6.4% 7.2%

Number of Protocols reporting males 

only 529 480 90.7% 26 4.9% 18 3.4% 5 0.9%

% 3.4% 3.7% 1.5% 2.9% 5.2%

Number of Protocols with Both 

Female and Male Enrollment 

(excluding sex-specific protocols) 9,244 7,387 79.9% 1,430 15.5% 352 3.8% 75 0.8%

% 59.3% 56.4% 80.5% 56.2% 77.3%

Total Number of Protocols with 

Enrollment 11,045 8,971 81.2% 1,577 14.3% 410 3.7% 87 0.8%

% 70.8% 68% 88.8% 65.5% 89.7%

Number of Protocols with zero 

enrollment. Enrollment data has not 

yet been submitted. 4,553 4,128 90.7% 199 4.4% 216 4.7% 10 0.2%

% 29.2% 31.5% 11.2% 34.5% 10.3%

Total Number of Protocols 15,598 13,099 84.0% 1,776 11.4% 626 4.0% 97 0.6%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

9B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED

Total All 

Clinical Studies Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

In Protocols reporting females only 7,507,149 6,805,570 90.7% 401,336 5.3% 142,737 1.9% 157,506 2.1%

% 48.7% 57.7% 17.2% 18.3% 31.6%

In Protocols reporting males only 361,434 314,494 87.0% 7,670 2.1% 12,319 3.4% 26,951 7.5%

% 2.3% 2.7% 0.3% 1.6% 5.4%

In Protocols excluding female-only 

and male-only enrollment protocols 7,543,772 4,677,541 62.0% 1,928,016 25.6% 624,208 8.3% 314,007 4.2%

% 48.9% 39.6% 82.5% 80.1% 63.0%

Enrollment Totals for all studies 15,412,355 11,797,605 76.5% 2,337,022 15.2% 779,264 5.1% 498,464 3.2%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 9B Comments on next page.

9C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED** Extramural % Intramural % Extramural % Intramural %

Minority Totals for all studies 4,416,770 3,092,465 70.0% 459,360 10.4% 603,124 13.7% 261,821 5.9%

% Minority enrollment 28.7% 26.2% 19.7% 77.4% 52.5%

Table 9: Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY2008: Number of 

Sex-Specific Protocols, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols 

Domestic Foreign

Domestic Foreign

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

See Table 9A comments on next page.

Domestic

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity 

categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity categories. 

Foreign

See Table 9C comments on next page.
39

COMMENTS

 

Table 9C Minority Enrollment Reported

Total Minority Enrollment in all Intramural projects (Domestic + Foreign): 4.7% of Total Enrollment (721,181/15,412,355)

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 5.6% of Total Enrollment (864,945/15,412,355)

Total Minority Enrollment: 28.7% of Total Enrollment (4.4M/15.4M)

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 23.0% of Total Enrollment (3,551,825/15,412,355) 

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment: 80.4% of Minority Enrollment (3,551,825/4,416,770)

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment: 19.6% of Minority Enrollment (864,945/4,416,770)

Total Minority Enrollment in all Extramural projects (Domestic + Foreign): 24.0% of Total Enrollment (3,695,589/15,412,355)

 89.1% were Domestic protocols; 10.9% were Foreign protocols

 70.3% were in Extramural projects; 29.7% were in NIH Intramural projects

 94.1% were Extramural Protocols (480+18); 5.9% were NIH Intramural Protocols (26+5).

3. In Protocols reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific studies): There were approximately 7.5M subjects, representing 48.9% of 

total enrollment

 96.0% were Domestic protocols, 4.0% were Foreign protocols

 83.7% were Extramural projects (7,387+352); 16.3% were NIH Intramural projects (1,430+75)

 90.4% were in Extramural projects; 9.6% were in NIH Intramural projects

 96.3% were Domestic Protocols (1,104+121); 3.7% were Foreign Protocols (40+7)

2. Male Only Protocols: There were 529 protocols reporting males only, representing 4.8% (529/11,045) of protocols with enrollment.

1. Female Only Protocols: There were 1,272 protocols reporting females only, representing 11.5% (1,272/11,045) of protocols with enrollment.

 95.7% were Domestic Protocols (480+26); 4.3% were Foreign Protocols (18+5)

3. Protocols Reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific protocols): There were 9,244 protocols reporting both female and male 

participants representing 83.7% (9,244/11,045) of protocols with enrollment.

 92.6% were in Extramural projects; 7.4% were in NIH Intramural projects

 87.6% were Domestic protocols, 12.4% were Foreign protocols

2. In Male Only Protocols: There were approximately 361,434 males, representing 2.3% of total enrollment

Table 9: Overview of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY2008: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols and Domestic 

versus Foreign Protocols

Table 9A: Total Number of Protocols with Enrollment

 95.4% were Domestic Protocols (7,387+1,430); 4.6% were Foreign Protocols (352+75)

Table 9B Total Enrollment Reported

1. In Female Only Protocols: There were approximately 7.5M females, representing 48.7% of total enrollment

 89.9% were Extramural Protocols (1,104+40); 10.1% were NIH Intramural Protocols (121+7).
40

10A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender Total Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 9,381

Females 8,029,181 2,263,551 28.19%

% 63.84% 61.25%

Males 4,406,583 1,414,608 32.10%

% 35.04% 38.28%

Unknown 141,104 17,429 12.35%

% 1.12% 0.47%

TOTAL 12,576,868 3,695,588 29.38%

Total % 100% 100.00%

8,879

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

78,464 618,320 867,547 26,282 4,932,495 100,278 1,097,714 7,721,100 6,099,147 620,632 1,001,322 7,721,101

0.65% 5.09% 7.14% 0.22% 40.60% 0.83% 9.04% 63.55% 50.20% 5.11% 8.24% 63.55%

1.02% 8.01% 11.24% 0.34% 63.88% 1.30% 14.22% 100.00% 78.99% 8.04% 12.97% 100.00%

69.79% 67.98% 54.55% 59.72% 62.75% 60.49% 74.91% 63.55% 63.30% 61.49% 66.58% 63.55%

33,452 289,799 715,125 17,520 2,920,167 64,052 246,846 4,286,961 3,521,042 382,036 383,883 4,286,961

0.28% 2.39% 5.89% 0.14% 24.04% 0.53% 2.03% 35.29% 28.98% 3.14% 3.16% 35.29%

0.78% 6.76% 16.68% 0.41% 68.12% 1.49% 5.76% 100.00% 82.13% 8.91% 8.95% 100.00%

29.75% 31.86% 44.96% 39.81% 37.15% 38.64% 16.85% 35.29% 36.54% 37.85% 25.53% 35.29%

517 1,479 7,813 204 8,468 1,435 120,805 140,721 15,345 6,668 118,708 140,721

0.00% 0.01% 0.06% 0.00% 0.07% 0.01% 0.99% 1.16% 0.13% 0.05% 0.98% 1.16%

0.37% 1.05% 5.55% 0.14% 6.02% 1.02% 85.85% 100.00% 10.90% 4.74% 84.36% 100.00%

0.46% 0.16% 0.49% 0.46% 0.11% 0.87% 8.24% 1.16% 0.16% 0.66% 7.89% 1.16%

112,433 909,598 1,590,485 44,006 7,861,130 165,765 1,465,365 12,148,782 9,635,534 1,009,336 1,503,913 12,148,783

0.93% 7.49% 13.09% 0.36% 64.71% 1.36% 12.06% 100.00% 79.31% 8.31% 12.38% 100.00%

0.93% 7.49% 13.09% 0.36% 64.71% 1.36% 12.06% 100.00% 79.31% 8.31% 12.38% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

18,647 17,212 27,081 1,360 316,968 31,241 208,123 620,632 2,215,982

1.85% 1.71% 2.68% 0.13% 31.40% 3.10% 20.62% 61.49% 18.24%

3.00% 2.77% 4.36% 0.22% 51.07% 5.03% 33.53% 100.00% 28.70%

54.51% 54.50% 32.96% 58.17% 68.95% 54.97% 60.77% 61.49% 61.14%

15,384 14,252 54,818 941 141,977 25,477 129,187 382,036 1,391,112

1.52% 1.41% 5.43% 0.09% 14.07% 2.52% 12.80% 37.85% 11.45%

4.03% 3.73% 14.35% 0.25% 37.16% 6.67% 33.82% 100.00% 32.45%

44.97% 45.13% 66.72% 40.25% 30.88% 44.83% 37.72% 37.85% 38.38%

179 116 260 37 778 114 5,184 6,668 17,410

0.02% 0.01% 0.03% 0.00% 0.08% 0.01% 0.51% 0.66% 0.14%

2.68% 1.74% 3.90% 0.55% 11.67% 1.71% 77.74% 100.00% 12.37%

0.52% 0.37% 0.32% 1.58% 0.17% 0.20% 1.51% 0.66% 0.48%

34,210 31,580 82,159 2,338 459,723 56,832 342,494 1,009,336 3,624,504

3.39% 3.13% 8.14% 0.23% 45.55% 5.63% 33.93% 100.00% 29.83%

3.39% 3.13% 8.14% 0.23% 45.55% 5.63% 33.93% 100.00% 29.83%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Table 10. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Male

Unknown

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

10B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race
41

Table 10

502

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 1,243 7,330 26,019 12,977 250,613 9,899 308,081 47,569

0.29% 1.71% 6.08% 3.03% 58.54% 2.31% 71.97% 11.11%

0.40% 2.38% 8.45% 4.21% 81.35% 3.21% 100.00% 15.44%

76.49% 77.00% 66.54% 62.28% 73.69% 58.47% 71.97% 66.92%

 382 2,176 13,082 7,856 89,286 6,840 119,622 23,496

0.09% 0.51% 3.06% 1.84% 20.86% 1.60% 27.94% 5.49%

0.32% 1.82% 10.94% 6.57% 74.64% 5.72% 100.00% 19.64%

23.51% 22.86% 33.45% 37.71% 26.25% 40.40% 27.94% 33.05%

0 13 4 2 174 190 383 19

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.04% 0.09% 0.00%

0.00% 3.39% 1.04% 0.52% 45.43% 49.61% 100.00% 4.96%

0.00% 0.14% 0.01% 0.01% 0.05% 1.12% 0.09% 0.03%

 1,625 9,519 39,105 20,835 340,073 16,929 428,086 71,084

0.38% 2.22% 9.13% 4.87% 79.44% 3.95% 100.00% 16.61%

0.38% 2.22% 9.13% 4.87% 79.44% 3.95% 100.00% 16.61%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

In FY2008 more females (8,029,181; 63.84%) than males (4,406,583; 35.04%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural research protocols.

More minority females (2,263,551; 61.25%) than minority males (1,414,608; 38.28%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural research protocols.

Race

Approximately 29.38% (3,695,588) of participants in aggregate extramural research (12,576,868 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 79.44% following the 1977 OMB standards and 64.71% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.13% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 13.10% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.38%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.36%.

Ethnicity

8.31% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 45.55% (2nd largest category is Unknown/Other at 33.93%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islanders at 0.23% 

Of the 1,009,336 participants, 61.49% were women and 37.85% were men.

4.87% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by Sex/Gender 

(Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Female

Number of Protocols with 

10C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
42

11A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 7,651

Females 4,435,292 1,645,545 37.10%

% 46.45% 50.36%

Males 4,761,326 1,606,976 33.75%

% 49.87% 49.18%

Unknown 350,892 14,743 4.20%

% 3.68% 0.45%

TOTAL 9,547,510 3,267,264 34.22%

Total % 100% 100.00%

7,158

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total

43,409 408,811 666,263 28,253 2,635,011 134,098 338,551 4,254,396 3,523,627 395,681 335,088 4,254,396

0.47% 4.45% 7.26% 0.31% 28.71% 1.46% 3.69% 46.36% 38.39% 4.31% 3.65% 46.36%

1.02% 9.61% 15.66% 0.66% 61.94% 3.15% 7.96% 100.00% 82.82% 9.30% 7.88% 100.00%

54.07% 53.12% 47.06% 55.61% 46.35% 57.38% 35.94% 46.36% 47.43% 51.37% 34.26% 46.36%

36,344 359,148 744,527 22,194 3,034,321 98,583 285,602 4,580,719 3,883,627 369,165 327,927 4,580,719

0.40% 3.91% 8.11% 0.24% 33.06% 1.07% 3.11% 49.91% 42.32% 4.02% 3.57% 49.91%

0.79% 7.84% 16.25% 0.48% 66.24% 2.15% 6.23% 100.00% 84.78% 8.06% 7.16% 100.00%

45.27% 46.67% 52.59% 43.69% 53.37% 42.18% 30.32% 49.91% 52.27% 47.92% 33.53% 49.91%

526 1,648 5,062 355 15,996 1,028 317,876 342,491 22,055 5,483 314,953 342,491

0.01% 0.02% 0.06% 0.00% 0.17% 0.01% 3.46% 3.73% 0.24% 0.06% 3.43% 3.73%

0.15% 0.48% 1.48% 0.10% 4.67% 0.30% 92.81% 100.00% 6.44% 1.60% 91.96% 100.00%

0.66% 0.21% 0.36% 0.70% 0.28% 0.44% 33.74% 3.73% 0.30% 0.71% 32.20% 3.73%

80,279 769,607 1,415,852 50,802 5,685,328 233,709 942,029 9,177,606 7,429,309 770,329 977,968 9,177,606

0.87% 8.39% 15.43% 0.55% 61.95% 2.55% 10.26% 100.00% 80.95% 8.39% 10.66% 100.00%

0.87% 8.39% 15.43% 0.55% 61.95% 2.55% 10.26% 100.00% 80.95% 8.39% 10.66% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

14,546 1,914 12,613 2019 166,532 46,927 151,130 395,681 1,598,496

1.89% 0.25% 1.64% 0.26% 21.62% 6.09% 19.62% 51.37% 17.42%

3.68% 0.48% 3.19% 0.51% 42.09% 11.86% 38.19% 100.00% 37.57%

48.65% 51.48% 53.75% 54.76% 52.98% 54.58% 48.87% 51.37% 50.37%

15,195 1,768 10,764 1654 147,159 38,607 154,018 369,165 1,561,973

1.97% 0.23% 1.40% 0.21% 19.10% 5.01% 19.99% 47.92% 17.02%

4.12% 0.48% 2.92% 0.45% 39.86% 10.46% 41.72% 100.00% 34.10%

50.82% 47.55% 45.87% 44.86% 46.81% 44.90% 49.81% 47.92% 49.21%

159 36 88 14 652 452 4,082 5,483 13,353

0.02% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.08% 0.06% 0.53% 0.71% 0.15%

2.90% 0.66% 1.60% 0.26% 11.89% 8.24% 74.45% 100.00% 3.90%

0.53% 0.97% 0.38% 0.38% 0.21% 0.53% 1.32% 0.71% 0.42%

29,900 3,718 23,465 3,687 314,343 85,986 309,230 770,329 3,173,822

3.88% 0.48% 3.05% 0.48% 40.81% 11.16% 40.14% 100.00% 34.58%

3.88% 0.48% 3.05% 0.48% 40.81% 11.16% 40.14% 100.00% 34.58%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Female

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

Table 11. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2006 and 

Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

11B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity
43

Table 11

493

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

1,426 6,160 22,464 16,999 118,059 15,788 180,896 47,049

0.39% 1.67% 6.07% 4.60% 31.92% 4.27% 48.90% 12.72%

0.79% 3.41% 12.42% 9.40% 65.26% 8.73% 100.00% 26.01%

45.30% 49.49% 51.10% 50.16% 48.92% 44.94% 48.90% 50.35%

1,579 6,119 20,917 16,388 121,551 14,053 180,607 45,003

0.43% 1.65% 5.65% 4.43% 32.86% 3.80% 48.83% 12.17%

0.87% 3.39% 11.58% 9.07% 67.30% 7.78% 100.00% 24.92%

50.16% 49.16% 47.58% 48.36% 50.37% 40.00% 48.83% 48.16%

143 168 578 501 1,717 5,294 8,401 1390

0.039% 0.05% 0.16% 0.14% 0.46% 1.43% 2.27% 0.38%

1.70% 2.00% 6.88% 5.96% 20.44% 63.02% 100.00% 16.55%

4.54% 1.35% 1.31% 1.48% 0.71% 15.07% 2.27% 1.49%

3,148 12,447 43,959 33,888 241,327 35,135 369,904 93,442

0.85% 3.36% 11.88% 9.16% 65.24% 9.50% 100.00% 25.26%

0.85% 3.36% 11.88% 9.16% 65.24% 9.50% 100.00% 25.26%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of males (4,761,326 or 49.87%) exceeded the number of females (4,435,292 or 46.45%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority females (1,645,545 or 50.36%) exceeded the number of minority males (1,606,976 or 49.18%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 34.22% (3,267,264) of participants in aggregate Extramural Research Protocols (9,547,510 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 65.24% following the 1977 OMB standards and 61.95% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.88% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 15.43% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.85%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.55%.

Ethnicity

8.39% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 40.81% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 40.14%)

Smallest identified racial groups were Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Asian, both at 0.48%. 

Of the 770,329 participants, 51.37% were women and 47.92% were men.

9.16% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Number of Protocols with 

11C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
44

12A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 7,736

Females 3,596,589 1,313,179 36.51%

% 45.61% 48.81%

Males 4,147,836 1,359,572 32.78%

% 52.60% 50.54%

Unknown 141,240 17,453 12.36%

% 1.79% 0.65%

TOTAL 7,885,665 2,690,204 34.12%

Total % 100% 100.00%

7,361

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

 35,360 314,994 558,191 23,664 2,239,935 73,443 278,062 3,523,649 2,930,462 373,580 219,608 3,523,650

0.46% 4.07% 7.22% 0.31% 28.96% 0.95% 3.60% 45.56% 37.89% 4.83% 2.84% 45.56%

1.00% 8.94% 15.84% 0.67% 63.57% 2.08% 7.89% 100.00% 83.17% 10.60% 6.23% 100.00%

51.40% 52.75% 44.55% 57.43% 44.81% 54.25% 43.49% 45.56% 46.03% 49.56% 35.80% 45.56%

 32,920 280,625 686,904 17,335 2,750,884 60,495 240,319 4,069,482 3,420,952 373,562 274,968 4,069,482

0.43% 3.63% 8.88% 0.22% 35.57% 0.78% 3.11% 52.62% 44.23% 4.83% 3.56% 52.62%

0.81% 6.90% 16.88% 0.43% 67.60% 1.49% 5.91% 100.00% 84.06% 9.18% 6.76% 100.00%

47.85% 47.00% 54.82% 42.07% 55.03% 44.69% 37.59% 52.62% 53.73% 49.56% 44.83% 52.62%

 517 1,479 7,828 204 8,472 1,435 120,922 140,857 15,360 6,669 118,828 140,857

0.01% 0.02% 0.10% 0.00% 0.11% 0.02% 1.56% 1.82% 0.20% 0.09% 1.54% 1.82%

0.37% 1.05% 5.56% 0.14% 6.01% 1.02% 85.85% 100.00% 10.90% 4.73% 84.36% 100.00%

0.75% 0.25% 0.62% 0.50% 0.17% 1.06% 18.91% 1.82% 0.24% 0.88% 19.37% 1.82%

 68,797 597,098 1,252,923 41,203 4,999,291 135,373 639,303 7,733,988 6,366,774 753,811 613,404 7,733,989

0.89% 7.72% 16.20% 0.53% 64.64% 1.75% 8.27% 100.00% 82.32% 9.75% 7.93% 100.00%

0.89% 7.72% 16.20% 0.53% 64.64% 1.75% 8.27% 100.00% 82.32% 9.75% 7.93% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

 14,926 14,360 22,744 1,020 155,074 26,040 139,416 373,580 1,300,142

1.98% 1.90% 3.02% 0.14% 20.57% 3.45% 18.49% 49.56% 16.81%

4.00% 3.84% 6.09% 0.27% 41.51% 6.97% 37.32% 100.00% 36.90%

49.29% 50.07% 29.29% 51.26% 52.32% 54.91% 51.37% 49.56% 48.82%

 15,188 14,201 54,648 933 140,538 21,269 126,785 373,562 1,345,602

2.01% 1.88% 7.25% 0.12% 18.64% 2.82% 16.82% 49.56% 17.40%

4.07% 3.80% 14.63% 0.25% 37.62% 5.69% 33.94% 100.00% 33.07%

50.15% 49.52% 70.38% 46.88% 47.42% 44.85% 46.72% 49.56% 50.53%

 171 116 260 37 778 114 5,193 6,669 17,434

0.02% 0.02% 0.03% 0.00% 0.10% 0.02% 0.69% 0.88% 0.23%

2.56% 1.74% 3.90% 0.55% 11.67% 1.71% 77.87% 100.00% 12.38%

0.56% 0.40% 0.33% 1.86% 0.26% 0.24% 1.91% 0.88% 0.65%

 30,285 28,677 77,652 1,990 296,390 47,423 271,394 753,811 2,663,178

4.02% 3.80% 10.30% 0.26% 39.32% 6.29% 36.00% 100.00% 34.43%

4.02% 3.80% 10.30% 0.26% 39.32% 6.29% 36.00% 100.00% 34.43%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 

Table 12. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

12B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total
45

Table 12

375

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 237 1,679 6,568 4,553 53,370 6,533 72,940 13,037

0.16% 1.11% 4.33% 3.00% 35.19% 4.31% 48.09% 8.60%

0.32% 2.30% 9.00% 6.24% 73.17% 8.96% 100.00% 17.87%

50.21% 49.50% 49.51% 46.01% 47.71% 51.06% 48.09% 48.24%

 235 1,700 6,694 5,341 58,312 6,072 78,354 13,970

0.15% 1.12% 4.41% 3.52% 38.44% 4.00% 51.66% 9.21%

0.30% 2.17% 8.54% 6.82% 74.42% 7.75% 100.00% 17.83%

49.79% 50.12% 50.46% 53.97% 52.13% 47.46% 51.66% 51.69%

0 13 4 2 174 190 383 19

0.000% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.13% 0.25% 0.01%

0.00% 3.39% 1.04% 0.52% 45.43% 49.61% 100.00% 4.96%

0.00% 0.38% 0.03% 0.02% 0.16% 1.48% 0.25% 0.07%

 472 3,392 13,266 9,896 111,856 12,795 151,677 27,026

0.31% 2.24% 8.75% 6.52% 73.75% 8.44% 100.00% 17.82%

0.31% 2.24% 8.75% 6.52% 73.75% 8.44% 100.00% 17.82%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of males (4,147,836 or 52.60%) exceeded the number of females (3,596,589 or 45.61%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority males (1,359,572 or 50.54%) exceeded the number of minority females (1,313,179 or 48.81%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 34.12% (2,690,204) of participants in aggregate Extramural Research Protocols (7,885,665 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 73.75% following the 1977 OMB standards and 64.64% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 8.75% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 16.20% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.31%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.53%.

Ethnicity

9.75% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 39.32% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 36.00%)

Smallest identified racial groups was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.26%. 

Of the 753,811 participants, 49.56% were women and 49.56% were men.

6.52% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

12C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)
46

13A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total of 

Phase III 

Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Protocols reporting female only 121 111 91.7% 4 3.3% 5 4.1% 1 0.8%

% 16.2% 16.8% 11.8% 10.0% 25.0%

Protocols reporting male only 41 40 97.6% 0 0.0% 1 2.4% 0 0.0%

% 5.5% 6.1% 0.0% 2.0% 0.0%

Protocols with Both Female and 

Male Enrollment (excluding sexspecific protocols) 491 426 86.8% 28 5.7% 34 6.9% 3 0.6%

% 65.6% 64.4% 82.4% 68.0% 75.0%

Total Number of Protocols with 

Enrollment 653 577 88.4% 32 4.9% 40 6.1% 4 0.6%

% 87.2% 87% 94.1% 80.0% 100.0%

Phase III Protocols with zero 

enrollment. Enrollment data has 

not yet been submitted. 96 84 87.5% 2 2.1% 10 10.4% 0 0.0%

% 12.8% 12.7% 5.9% 20.0% 0.0%

Total Number of Phase III 

Protocols 749 661 88.3% 34 4.5% 50 6.7% 4 0.5%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 13A comments on next page.

13B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED 

Total of 

Phase III 

Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Protocols reporting female only 181,625 144,902 79.8% 7 0.0% 29,707 16.4% 7,009 3.9%

% 30.7% 36.7% 0.0% 19.4% 70.3%

Protocols reporting male only 79,434 76,650 96.5% 0 0.0% 2,784 3.5% 0 0.0%

% 13.4% 19.4% 0.0% 1.8% 0.0%

Protocols excluding female-only 

and men-only enrollment protocols 330,100 173,384 52.5% 33,497 10.1% 120,260 36.4% 2,959 0.9%

% 55.8% 43.9% 100.0% 78.7% 29.7%

Total Subjects Enrolled 591,159 394,936 66.8% 33,504 5.67% 152,751 25.84% 9,968 1.7%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 13B comments on next page.

13C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED**

Total of 

Phase III 

Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Minority Total for all Phase III studies 244,932 83,634 34.1% 4,705 1.9% 149,424 61.0% 7,169 2.9%

% 41.4% 21.2% 14.0% 97.8% 71.9%

Table 13. Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported In FY2007: 

Number of Sex-Specific Protocols and Enrollment, and Domestic versus Foreign Protocols

Domestic Foreign

Domestic Foreign

Domestic Foreign

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may 

* An NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is a broadly based prospective Phase III clinical investigation, usually involving several hundred or more human 

subjects, for the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or controlled intervention or comparing two or more 

existing treatments. Often the aim of such investigation is to provide evidence leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or 

standard of care. 

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity categories. 

Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity categories. 

See Table 13C comments on next page.
47

COMMENTS

 

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment: 36%% of Minority Enrollment (88,339/244,932).

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment: 63%% of Minority Enrollment (156,593/244,932).

Total Domestic Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 15% of Total Enrollment (88,339/591,159)) 

Total Foreign Minority Enrollment (Extramural + Intramural): 26%% of Total Enrollment (156,593/591,159).

Total Minority Enrollment in all Extramural projects (Domestic + Foreign): 39%% of Total Enrollment (233,058/591,159).

Total Minority Enrollment in all Intramural projects (Domestic + Foreign): 2% of Total Enrollment (11,874/591,159).

3. In Protocols reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific studies): There were 330,100 subjects, 

representing 5.1% of total enrollment

 293,644 (88.9%) were in Extramural protocols; 36,456 (11%) were in NIH Intramural protocols.

 206,881 (62.6%) were Domestic protocols, 123,219 (36.4%) were Foreign protocols.

Table 13C Minority Enrollment Reported

Total Minority Enrollment: 41% of Total Enrollment (244,932/591,159)

1. In Female Only Protocols: There were 181,625 females, representing 30.7% of total enrollment

 174,609 (96.2%) were in Extramural protocols; 7,016 (3.9%) were in NIH Intramural protocols.

 144,909 (79.8%) were Domestic protocols, 36,716 (20.3%) were Foreign protocols.

2. In Male Only Protocols: There were approximately 377,803 males, representing 2.2% of total enrollment

 79,434 (100%) were in Extramural protocols; there were no NIH Intramural protocols.

 76,650 (96.5%) were Domestic protocols; 2,784 (3.5%) were Foreign protocols.

 40 (97.6%) were Domestic Protocols; 1 (2.4%)3.9% were Foreign Protocols.

3. Protocols Reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific protocols): There were 491 protocols reporting 

both female and male participants representing 75.2% of protocols with enrollment.

 460 (93.7%) were Extramural protocols; 31 (6.3%) were NIH Intramural projects.

 454 (92.5%) were Domestic Protocols; 36 (7.5% were Foreign Protocols.

Table 13B Total Enrollment Reported

 41 (100%) were Extramural Protocols; there were no NIH Intramural Protocols.

Table 13. Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY 2007: Number of SexSpecific Protocols and Enrollment, and Domestic versus Foreign

Table 13A: Total Number of Protocols with Enrollment

 40 (97.6%) were Domestic Protocols; 1 (2.4%) were Foreign Protocols.

2. Male Only Protocols: There were 41 protocols reporting males only, representing 0.6% of protocols with enrollment.

1. Female Only Protocols: There were 121 protocols reporting females only, representing 18.5% of protocols with 

enrollment.

 116 (95.8%) were Extramural Protocols; 5 (3.4%) were NIH Intramural Protocols.
48

14A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 585

Females 301,735 134,342 44.52%

% 55.10% 57.64%

Males 229,062 97,934 42.75%

% 41.83% 42.02%

Unknown 16,830 794 4.72%

% 3.07% 0.34%

TOTAL 547,627 233,070 42.56%

Total % 100% 100.00%

399

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total

5,069 22,153 45,059 263 64,693 1,822 55,182 194,241 125,448 47,629 21,164 194,241

1.41% 6.15% 12.51% 0.07% 17.96% 0.51% 15.32% 53.91% 34.82% 13.22% 5.87% 53.91%

2.61% 11.40% 23.20% 0.14% 33.31% 0.94% 28.41% 100.00% 64.58% 24.52% 10.90% 100.00%

54.34% 46.98% 53.88% 54.45% 52.36% 49.70% 59.67% 53.91% 51.37% 74.34% 40.66% 53.91%

4,213 24,969 38,165 218 58,552 1,772 21,366 149,255 117,914 16,176 15,165 149,255

1.17% 6.93% 10.59% 0.06% 16.25% 0.49% 5.93% 41.42% 32.73% 4.49% 4.21% 41.42%

2.82% 16.73% 25.57% 0.15% 39.23% 1.19% 14.32% 100.00% 79.00% 10.84% 10.16% 100.00%

45.17% 52.95% 45.64% 45.13% 47.39% 48.34% 23.10% 41.42% 48.29% 25.25% 29.14% 41.42%

46 35 405 2 319 72 15,930 16,809 825 267 15,717 16,809

0.01% 0.01% 0.11% 0.00% 0.09% 0.02% 4.42% 4.67% 0.23% 0.07% 4.36% 4.67%

0.27% 0.21% 2.41% 0.01% 1.90% 0.43% 94.77% 100.00% 4.91% 1.59% 93.50% 100.00%

0.49% 0.07% 0.48% 0.41% 0.26% 1.96% 17.23% 4.67% 0.34% 0.42% 30.20% 4.67%

9,328 47,157 83,629 483 123,564 3,666 92,478 360,305 244,187 64,072 52,046 360,305

2.59% 13.09% 23.21% 0.13% 34.29% 1.02% 25.67% 100.00% 67.77% 17.78% 14.44% 100.00%

2.59% 13.09% 23.21% 0.13% 34.29% 1.02% 25.67% 100.00% 67.77% 17.78% 14.44% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

3,847 21 234 16 4,492 174 38,845 47,629 117,703

6.00% 0.03% 0.37% 0.02% 7.01% 0.27% 60.63% 74.34% 32.67%

8.08% 0.04% 0.49% 0.03% 9.43% 0.37% 81.56% 100.00% 60.60%

52.60% 50.00% 56.93% 76.19% 64.41% 54.21% 79.29% 74.34% 58.78%

3433 21 177 5 2,482 146 9,912 16,176 81,731

5.36% 0.03% 0.28% 0.01% 3.87% 0.23% 15.47% 25.25% 22.68%

21.22% 0.13% 1.09% 0.03% 15.34% 0.90% 61.28% 100.00% 54.76%

46.94% 50.00% 43.07% 23.81% 35.59% 45.48% 20.23% 25.25% 40.82%

33 0 0 0 0 1 233 267 793

0.05% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.36% 0.42% 0.22%

12.36% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.37% 87.27% 100.00% 4.72%

0.45% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 0.48% 0.42% 0.40%

7,313 42 411 21 6,974 321 48,990 64,072 200,227

11.41% 0.07% 0.64% 0.03% 10.88% 0.50% 76.46% 100.00% 55.57%

11.41% 0.07% 0.64% 0.03% 10.88% 0.50% 76.46% 100.00% 55.57%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Female

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

 Table 14. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

14B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity
49

Table 14

186

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD 

FORM 

415 2,190 10,067 3,967 88,698 2,157 107,494 16,639

0.22% 1.17% 5.37% 2.12% 47.35% 1.15% 57.38% 8.88%

0.39% 2.04% 9.37% 3.69% 82.51% 2.01% 100.00% 15.48%

57.24% 62.64% 50.83% 44.99% 59.01% 51.80% 57.38% 50.66%

310 1,306 9,736 4,851 61,601 2,003 79,807 16,203

0.17% 0.70% 5.20% 2.59% 32.89% 1.07% 42.60% 8.65%

0.39% 1.64% 12.20% 6.08% 77.19% 2.51% 100.00% 20.30%

42.76% 37.36% 49.16% 55.01% 40.98% 48.10% 42.60% 49.33%

0 0 1 0 16 4 21 1

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 4.76% 0.00% 76.19% 19.05% 100.00% 4.76%

0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.01% 0.10% 0.01% 0.00%

725 3,496 19,804 8,818 150,315 4,164 187,322 32,843

0.39% 1.87% 10.57% 4.71% 80.24% 2.22% 100.00% 17.53%

0.39% 1.87% 10.57% 4.71% 80.24% 2.22% 100.00% 17.53%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (301,735 or 55.10%) than males (229,062 or 41.83%) were enrolled in aggregate Pase III Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (134,342 or 57.64%) than males (97,934 or 42.02%) were enrolled in aggregate Pase III Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 42.56% (233,070) of participants in aggregate Phase III Extramural Research (547,627 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 80.24% following the 1977 OMB standards and 32.99% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 10.57% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 23.21% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.39%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.13%.

Ethnicity

About 17.78% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 76.46% (2nd largest category was American Indian/Alaska Native at 11.41%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.07%. 

Of the 187,322 participants, 57.38% were women and 42.60% were men.

About 4.71% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Number of Protocols with 

14C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
50

15A. PROTOCOLS REPORTED

Total of Phase 

III Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Protocols reporting female only 126 111 88.1% 4 3.2% 10 7.9% 1 0.8%

% 17.1% 17.5% 11.4% 16.7% 25.0%

Protocols reporting male only 42 40 95.2% 0 0.0% 2 4.8% 0 0.0%

% 5.7% 6.3% 0.0% 3.3% 0.0%

Protocols with Both Female and Male 

Enrollment (excluding sex-specific 

protocols) 471 401 85.1% 29 6.2% 38 8.1% 3 0.6%

% 64.1% 63.1% 82.9% 63.3% 75.0%

Total Number of Protocols with 

Enrollment 639 552 86.4% 33 5.2% 50 7.8% 4 0.6%

% 86.9% 87% 94.3% 83.3% 100.0%

Phase III Protocols with zero enrollment. 

Enrollment data has not yet been 

submitted. 96 84 87.5% 2 2.1% 10 10.4% 0 0.0%

% 13.1% 13.2% 5.7% 16.7% 0.0%

Total Number of Phase III Protocols 735 636 86.5% 35 4.8% 60 8.2% 4 0.5%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 15A comments on next page.

15B. ENROLLMENT REPORTED 

Total of Phase 

III Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Protocols reporting female only 219,673 199,371 90.8% 9 0.0% 12,827 5.8% 7,466 3.4%

% 27.7% 34.1% 0.1% 6.7% 71.4%

Protocols reporting male only 79,613 76,378 95.9% 159 0.2% 3,076 3.9% 0 0.0%

% 10.0% 13.1% 2.6% 1.6% 0.0%

Protocols excluding female-only and menonly enrollment protocols 493,292 309,274 62.7% 5,914 1.2% 175,108 35.5% 2,996 0.6%

% 62.2% 52.9% 97.2% 91.7% 28.6%

Total Subjects Enrolled 792,578 585,023 73.8% 6,082 0.77% 191,011 24.10% 10,462 1.3%

% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

See Table 15B comments on next page.

15C. MINORITY ENROLLMENT 

REPORTED**

Total of Phase 

III Clinical 

Trials*

Extramural %Intramural %Extramural %Intramural %

Minority Total for all Phase III studies 308,433 117,869 38.2% 1,713 0.6% 181,188 58.7% 7,663 2.5%

% 38.9% 20.1% 28.2% 94.9% 73.2%

Domestic Foreign

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages 

* An NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is a broadly based prospective Phase III clinical investigation, usually involving several hundred or more human 

subjects, for the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or controlled intervention or comparing two or more 

existing treatments. Often the aim of such investigation is to provide evidence leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health 

policy or standard of care. 

**See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. OMB race/ethnicity 

categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity categories. 

Table 15. Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported In 

FY2008: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols and Enrollment, and Domestic versus Foreign 

Protocols

Domestic Foreign

Domestic Foreign

See Table 15C comments on next page.
51

COMMENTS

3. Protocols Reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific protocols): There were 471 protocols reporting both males and 

females representing 64% of the total number of protocols.

 Total Minority enrollment, Extramural projects (299,057) was 37.7% of Total Enrollment (792,578) and 97.0% of Total Minority Enrollment 

(308,433).

 Total Minority enrollment, Intramural projects (9,376), was 1.2% of Total Enrollment (792,578) and 3.0% of Total Minority Enrollment (308,433).

2. Total Minority Enrollment, Domestic only (119,582), was 20.2% of total Domestic Enrollment (591,105) and 38.8% of Total Minority Enrollment 

(308,433).

 93% were Extramural projects (439); 7% were NIH intramural projects (32).

2. In Male Only Protocols: There were approximately 79,613 males, representing 10.0% of total enrollment.

 98.2% (484,382) were in Extramural projects; 1.8% (8,910) were in NIH intramural projects.

 99.8% (79,454) were in Extramural projects; 0.2% (159) were in NIH intramural projects.

1. In Female Only Protocols: There were approximately 219,673 females, representing 27.7% of total enrollment.

 96.1% (76,537) were in Domestic protocols; 3.9% (3,076) were in Foreign protocols.

 63.9% (315,188) were in Domestic protocols; 36.1% (178,104) were in Foreign protocols.

 91% were Domestic protocols (430); 9% were Foreign protocols (41).

Table 15B: Total Enrollment Reported

 96.6% (212,198) were in Extramural projects; 3.4% (7,475) were in NIH intramural projects.

Table 15. Overview of NIH Phase III Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research Reported in FY 2008: Number of Sex-Specific Protocols 

and Enrollment, and Domestic versus Foreign

 95% were Domestic protocols (40); 5% were Foreign protocols (2).

2. Male Only: There were 42 protocols reporting males only, representing 6.6% (42/639) of protocols with enrollment, and 5.7% of Total 

Number of Protocols.

Table 15A: Total Number of Protocols

 91% were Domestic protocols (115); 9% were Foreign protocols (11).

1. Female Only: There were 126 protocols reporting females only, representing 19.7% (126/639) of protocols with enrollment, and 17.1% of 

the Total Number of Protocols.

 96% were Extramural projects (121); 4% were NIH intramural projects (5)

 100% were Extramural projects (42); 0% were NIH intramural projects (0).

Table 15C Minority Enrollment Reported

 90.8% (199,380) were in Domestic protocols; 9.2% (20,193) were in Foreign protocols.

3. Protocols Reporting Both Females and Males (excluding sex-specific protocols): There were approximately 493,292 subjects, 

representing 62.2% of total enrollment.

3. Total Minority Enrollment, Foreign only (188,851), was 93.7% of total Foreign Enrollment (201,473) and 61.2% of Total Minority Enrollment 

(308,433).

1. Total Minority Enrollment was 38.9% (308,433) of Total Enrollment (792,578).
52

16A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 605

Females 444,079 161,091 36.28%

% 57.22% 53.87%

Males 314,948 137,069 43.52%

% 40.58% 45.84%

Unknown 17,007 882 5.19%

% 2.19% 0.29%

TOTAL 776,034 299,042 38.53%

Total % 100% 100.00%

452

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

 7,618 49,108 54,738 336 151,809 6,536 13,129 283,274 243,922 29,653 9,699 283,274

1.39% 8.98% 10.01% 0.06% 27.77% 1.20% 2.40% 51.82% 44.62% 5.42% 1.77% 51.82%

2.69% 17.34% 19.32% 0.12% 53.59% 2.31% 4.63% 100.00% 86.11% 10.47% 3.42% 100.00%

50.79% 51.60% 53.61% 52.58% 54.22% 53.87% 31.52% 51.82% 53.22% 52.25% 30.68% 51.82%

 7,328 45,963 47,069 299 126,943 5,472 13,366 246,440 212,880 26,676 6,884 246,440

1.34% 8.41% 8.61% 0.05% 23.22% 1.00% 2.44% 45.08% 38.94% 4.88% 1.26% 45.08%

2.97% 18.65% 19.10% 0.12% 51.51% 2.22% 5.42% 100.00% 86.38% 10.82% 2.79% 100.00%

48.86% 48.29% 46.10% 46.79% 45.34% 45.10% 32.09% 45.08% 46.45% 47.00% 21.78% 45.08%

 53 103 294 4 1,257 124 15,152 16,987 1,536 425 15,026 16,987

0.01% 0.02% 0.05% 0.00% 0.23% 0.02% 2.77% 3.11% 0.28% 0.08% 2.75% 3.11%

0.31% 0.61% 1.73% 0.02% 7.40% 0.73% 89.20% 100.00% 9.04% 2.50% 88.46% 100.00%

0.35% 0.11% 0.29% 0.63% 0.45% 1.02% 36.38% 3.11% 0.34% 0.75% 47.54% 3.11%

 14,999 95,174 102,101 639 280,009 12,132 41,647 546,701 458,338 56,754 31,609 546,701

2.74% 17.41% 18.68% 0.12% 51.22% 2.22% 7.62% 100.00% 83.84% 10.38% 5.78% 100.00%

2.74% 17.41% 18.68% 0.12% 51.22% 2.22% 7.62% 100.00% 83.84% 10.38% 5.78% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

6524 95 337 65 12607 3170 6855 29,653 137,798

11.50% 0.17% 0.59% 0.11% 22.21% 5.59% 12.08% 52.25% 25.21%

22.00% 0.32% 1.14% 0.22% 42.52% 10.69% 23.12% 100.00% 48.64%

49.97% 41.67% 47.13% 53.28% 56.32% 56.01% 46.98% 52.25% 52.59%

6,489 126 370 54 9,665 2428 7544 26,676 123,340

11.43% 0.22% 0.65% 0.10% 17.03% 4.28% 13.29% 47.00% 22.56%

24.33% 0.47% 1.39% 0.20% 36.23% 9.10% 28.28% 100.00% 50.05%

49.71% 55.26% 51.75% 44.26% 43.18% 42.90% 51.70% 47.00% 47.07%

42 7 8 3 111 62 192 425 881

0.07% 0.01% 0.01% 0.01% 0.20% 0.11% 0.34% 0.75% 0.16%

9.88% 1.65% 1.88% 0.71% 26.12% 14.59% 45.18% 100.00% 5.19%

0.32% 3.07% 1.12% 2.46% 0.50% 1.10% 1.32% 0.75% 0.34%

 13,055 228 715 122 22,383 5,660 14,591 56,754 262,019

23.00% 0.40% 1.26% 0.21% 39.44% 9.97% 25.71% 100.00% 47.93%

23.00% 0.40% 1.26% 0.21% 39.44% 9.97% 25.71% 100.00% 47.93%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 

 Table 16. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

16B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total
53

Table 16

153

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Ot

her Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 652 3,449 13,516 5,676 134,866 2,646 160,805 23,293

0.28% 1.50% 5.89% 2.48% 58.81% 1.15% 70.12% 10.16%

0.41% 2.14% 8.41% 3.53% 83.87% 1.65% 100.00% 14.49%

72.85% 77.02% 61.21% 59.33% 71.71% 62.35% 70.12% 62.91%

 243 1,029 8,566 3,891 53,192 1,587 68,508 13,729

0.11% 0.45% 3.74% 1.70% 23.19% 0.69% 29.87% 5.99%

0.35% 1.50% 12.50% 5.68% 77.64% 2.32% 100.00% 20.04%

27.15% 22.98% 38.79% 40.67% 28.28% 37.39% 29.87% 37.08%

0 0 1 0 8 11 20 1

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 40.00% 55.00% 100.00% 5.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.26% 0.01% 0.00%

 895 4,478 22,083 9,567 188,066 4,244 229,333 37,023

0.39% 1.95% 9.63% 4.17% 82.01% 1.85% 100.00% 16.14%

0.39% 1.95% 9.63% 4.17% 82.01% 1.85% 100.00% 16.14%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (444,079 or 57.22%) than males (314,948 or 40.58%) were enrolled in aggregate Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (161,091 or 53.87%) than males (137,069 or 45.84%) were enrolled in aggregate Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 38.53% (299,042) of participants in aggregate Phase III Extramural Research (776,034 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 82.01% following the 1977 OMB standards and 51.22% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.63% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 18.68% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.39%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.12%.

Ethnicity

About 10.38% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 39.44% (2nd largest category was Unknown/ Other at 25.71%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.21%. 

Of the 56,754 participants, 52.25% were women and 47.00% were men.

About 4.17% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

16C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
54

17A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender Total Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 1,552

Females 1,499,945 395,722 26.38%

% 43.39% 48.34%

Males 1,915,898 421,306 21.99%

% 55.42% 51.47%

Unknown 41,333 1,518 3.67%

% 1.20% 0.19%

TOTAL 3,457,176 818,546 23.68%

Total % 100% 100.00%

1,103

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total

10,730 124,260 55,037 3,467 716,439 9,823 65,286 985,042 888,411 56,223 40,408 985,042

0.44% 5.09% 2.26% 0.14% 29.37% 0.40% 2.68% 40.38% 36.41% 2.30% 1.66% 40.38%

1.09% 12.61% 5.59% 0.35% 72.73% 1.00% 6.63% 100.00% 90.19% 5.71% 4.10% 100.00%

49.30% 66.48% 23.21% 86.39% 42.04% 71.83% 23.99% 40.38% 42.59% 54.98% 16.07% 40.38%

11,014 61,936 182,077 546 984,999 3,084 169,715 1,413,371 1,194,236 46,009 173,126 1,413,371

0.45% 2.54% 7.46% 0.02% 40.37% 0.13% 6.96% 57.93% 48.95% 1.89% 7.10% 57.93%

0.78% 4.38% 12.88% 0.04% 69.69% 0.22% 12.01% 100.00% 84.50% 3.26% 12.25% 100.00%

50.60% 33.14% 76.78% 13.61% 57.80% 22.55% 62.36% 57.93% 57.25% 45.00% 68.84% 57.93%

22 706 15 0 2,595 769 37,169 41,276 3289 20 37,967 41,276

0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.03% 1.52% 1.69% 0.13% 0.00% 1.56% 1.69%

0.05% 1.71% 0.04% 0.00% 6.29% 1.86% 90.05% 100.00% 7.97% 0.05% 91.98% 100.00%

0.10% 0.38% 0.01% 0.00% 0.15% 5.62% 13.66% 1.69% 0.16% 0.02% 15.10% 1.69%

21,766 186,902 237,129 4,013 1,704,033 13,676 272,170 2,439,689 2,085,936 102,252 251,501 2,439,689

0.89% 7.66% 9.72% 0.16% 69.85% 0.56% 11.16% 100.00% 85.50% 4.19% 10.31% 100.00%

0.89% 7.66% 9.72% 0.16% 69.85% 0.56% 11.16% 100.00% 85.50% 4.19% 10.31% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

1200 14 332 40 25,628 1,875 27,134 56,223 256,079

1.17% 0.01% 0.32% 0.04% 25.06% 1.83% 26.54% 54.98% 10.50%

2.13% 0.02% 0.59% 0.07% 45.58% 3.33% 48.26% 100.00% 26.00%

48.98% 43.75% 11.48% 70.18% 44.81% 54.19% 75.03% 54.98% 45.99%

1234 18 2559 17 31,570 1,585 9,026 46,009 299,253

1.21% 0.02% 2.50% 0.02% 30.87% 1.55% 8.83% 45.00% 12.27%

2.68% 0.04% 5.56% 0.04% 68.62% 3.44% 19.62% 100.00% 21.17%

50.37% 56.25% 88.52% 29.82% 55.19% 45.81% 24.96% 45.00% 53.74%

16 0 0 0 0 0 4 20 1,516

0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.06%

80.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 20.00% 100.00% 3.67%

0.65% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.27%

2,450 32 2,891 57 57,198 3,460 36,164 102,252 556,848

2.40% 0.03% 2.83% 0.06% 55.94% 3.38% 35.37% 100.00% 22.82%

2.40% 0.03% 2.83% 0.06% 55.94% 3.38% 35.37% 100.00% 22.82%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Female

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

 Table 17. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols 

17B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards with Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity
55

Table 17

449

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

876 19,092 96,523 23,152 369,148 6,112 514,903 139,643

0.09% 1.88% 9.49% 2.28% 36.28% 0.60% 50.61% 13.72%

0.17% 3.71% 18.75% 4.50% 71.69% 1.19% 100.00% 27.12%

0.00% 51.47% 53.92% 52.74% 49.59% 53.85% 50.61% 53.36%

822 17,999 82,489 20,743 375,273 5,201 502,527 122,053

0.08% 1.77% 8.11% 2.04% 36.88% 0.51% 49.39% 12.00%

0.16% 3.58% 16.41% 4.13% 74.68% 1.03% 100.00% 24.29%

0.00% 48.53% 46.08% 47.25% 50.41% 45.83% 49.39% 46.64%

0 0 1 1 19 36 57 2

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 1.75% 1.75% 33.33% 63.16% 100.00% 3.51%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.32% 0.01% 0.00%

1,698 37,091 179,013 43,896 744,440 11,349 1,017,487 261,698

0.17% 3.65% 17.59% 4.31% 73.16% 1.12% 100.00% 25.72%

0.17% 3.65% 17.59% 4.31% 73.16% 1.12% 100.00% 25.72%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More males (1,915,298 or 55.42%) than females (1,499,945 or 43.39%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Research Protocols.

More minority males (421,306 or 51.47%) than females (395,722 or 48.34%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 23.68% (818,546) of participants in aggregate Intramural Research (3,457,176 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 73.16% following the 1977 OMB standards and 69.85% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 17.59% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.72% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.17%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.16%.

Ethnicity

4.19% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 55.94% (2nd largest category Unknown/Other at 35.37%).

Smallest identified racial group was Asian at 0.03%.

Of the 102,252 participants, 54.98% were women and 45.00% were men.

4.31% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by Sex/Gender 

(Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Number of Protocols with 

17C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
56

18A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender Total Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 1,664

Females 1,214,079 349,293 28.77%

% 42.82% 48.43%

Males 1,585,861 371,373 23.42%

% 55.93% 51.50%

Unknown 35,546 515 1.45%

% 1.25% 0.07%

TOTAL 2,835,486 721,181 25.43%

Total % 100% 100.00%

1,251

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

10,523 166,051 61,501 3,985 775,883 11,344 84,101 1,113,388 989,883 60,344 63,161 1,113,388

0.40% 6.30% 2.33% 0.15% 29.42% 0.43% 3.19% 42.21% 37.53% 2.29% 2.39% 42.21%

0.95% 14.91% 5.52% 0.36% 69.69% 1.02% 7.55% 100.00% 88.91% 5.42% 5.67% 100.00%

49.31% 64.25% 24.81% 87.43% 43.31% 70.13% 28.24% 42.21% 44.00% 56.20% 22.54% 42.21%

10,786 91,976 186,322 573 1,012,698 4,832 181,472 1,488,659 1,256,314 47,010 185,335 1,488,659

0.41% 3.49% 7.06% 0.02% 38.40% 0.18% 6.88% 56.44% 47.63% 1.78% 7.03% 56.44%

0.72% 6.18% 12.52% 0.04% 68.03% 0.32% 12.19% 100.00% 84.39% 3.16% 12.45% 100.00%

50.55% 35.59% 75.17% 12.57% 56.53% 29.87% 60.94% 56.44% 55.84% 43.78% 66.14% 56.44%

30 428 48 0 2,800 0 32,217 35,523 3768 17 31,738 35,523

0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.00% 1.22% 1.35% 0.14% 0.00% 1.20% 1.35%

0.08% 1.20% 0.14% 0.00% 7.88% 0.00% 90.69% 100.00% 10.61% 0.05% 89.34% 100.00%

0.14% 0.17% 0.02% 0.00% 0.16% 0.00% 10.82% 1.35% 0.17% 0.02% 11.33% 1.35%

21,339 258,455 247,871 4,558 1,791,381 16,176 297,790 2,637,570 2,249,965 107,371 280,234 2,637,570

0.81% 9.80% 9.40% 0.17% 67.92% 0.61% 11.29% 100.00% 85.30% 4.07% 10.62% 100.00%

0.81% 9.80% 9.40% 0.17% 67.92% 0.61% 11.29% 100.00% 85.30% 4.07% 10.62% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

86 22 455 50 27,870 3,137 28,724 60,344 309,998

0.08% 0.02% 0.42% 0.05% 25.96% 2.92% 26.75% 56.20% 11.75%

0.14% 0.04% 0.75% 0.08% 46.19% 5.20% 47.60% 100.00% 27.84%

58.90% 45.83% 14.45% 65.79% 47.41% 51.19% 73.59% 56.20% 47.97%

52 26 2694 26 30,919 2,991 10,302 47,010 335,710

0.05% 0.02% 2.51% 0.02% 28.80% 2.79% 9.59% 43.78% 12.73%

0.11% 0.06% 5.73% 0.06% 65.77% 6.36% 21.91% 100.00% 22.55%

35.62% 54.17% 85.55% 34.21% 52.59% 48.81% 26.39% 43.78% 51.95%

8 0 0 0 0 0 9 17 515

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02%

47.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 52.94% 100.00% 1.45%

5.48% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.02% 0.08%

146 48 3,149 76 58,789 6,128 39,035 107,371 646,223

0.14% 0.04% 2.93% 0.07% 54.75% 5.71% 36.36% 100.00% 24.50%

0.14% 0.04% 2.93% 0.07% 54.75% 5.71% 36.36% 100.00% 24.50%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 

 Table 18. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols 

18B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards with Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total
57

Table 18

413

American Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

150 3,531 31,362 4,252 59,909 1,487 100,691 39,295

0.08% 1.78% 15.85% 2.15% 30.27% 0.75% 50.88% 19.85%

0.15% 3.51% 31.15% 4.22% 59.50% 1.48% 100.00% 39.03%

0.00% 52.85% 52.24% 53.50% 49.84% 53.94% 50.88% 52.42%

141 3,150 28,676 3,696 60,287 1,252 97,202 35,663

0.07% 1.59% 14.49% 1.87% 30.46% 0.63% 49.11% 18.02%

0.15% 3.24% 29.50% 3.80% 62.02% 1.29% 100.00% 36.69%

0.00% 47.15% 47.76% 46.50% 50.16% 45.41% 49.11% 47.58%

0 0 0 0 5 18 23 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 21.74% 78.26% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.65% 0.01% 0.00%

291 6,681 60,038 7,948 120,201 2,757 197,916 74,958

0.15% 3.38% 30.34% 4.02% 60.73% 1.39% 100.00% 37.87%

0.15% 3.38% 30.34% 4.02% 60.73% 1.39% 100.00% 37.87%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More males (1,585,861 or 55.93%) than females (1,214,079 or 42.82%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Research Protocols.

More minority males (371,373 or 51.50%) than females (349,293 or 48.43%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 25.43% (721,181) of participants in aggregate Intramural Research (2,835,486 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 60.73% following the 1977 OMB standards and 67.92% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 30.34% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Asian at 9.80% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.15%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.17%.

Ethnicity

4.07% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 54.75% (2nd largest category Unknown/Other at 36.36%).

Smallest identified racial group was Asian at 0.04%.

Of the 107,371 participants, 56.20% were women and 43.78% were men.

4.02% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by Sex/Gender 

(Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

18C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)
58

19A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 36

Females 22,959 9,212 40.12%

% 52.81% 77.58%

Males 20,511 2,662 12.98%

% 47.18% 22.42%

Unknown 2 0 0.00%

% 0.00% 0.00%

TOTAL 43,472 11,874 27.31%

Total % 100% 100.00%

25

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not 

Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown 

/Not 

Reported

Total

11 95 544 72 5,366 266 8,523 14,877 6,016 7,307 1,554 14,877

0.05% 0.45% 2.57% 0.34% 25.31% 1.25% 40.21% 70.18% 28.38% 34.47% 7.33% 70.18%

0.07% 0.64% 3.66% 0.48% 36.07% 1.79% 57.29% 100.00% 40.44% 49.12% 10.45% 100.00%

47.83% 45.89% 64.84% 100.00% 56.86% 55.53% 84.06% 70.18% 57.27% 96.78% 49.46% 70.18%

12 112 295 0 4,072 213 1,614 6,318 4,489 243 1,586 6,318

0.06% 0.53% 1.39% 0.00% 19.21% 1.00% 7.61% 29.81% 21.18% 1.15% 7.48% 29.81%

0.19% 1.77% 4.67% 0.00% 64.45% 3.37% 25.55% 100.00% 71.05% 3.85% 25.10% 100.00%

52.17% 54.11% 35.16% 0.00% 43.14% 44.47% 15.92% 29.81% 42.73% 3.22% 50.48% 29.81%

0 0 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 2

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.06% 0.01%

23 207 839 72 9,438 479 10,139 21,197 10,505 7,550 3,142 21,197

0.11% 0.98% 3.96% 0.34% 44.53% 2.26% 47.83% 100.00% 49.56% 35.62% 14.82% 100.00%

0.11% 0.98% 3.96% 0.34% 44.53% 2.26% 47.83% 100.00% 49.56% 35.62% 14.82% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using 

US Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts 

A+B

1 0 0 0 2 1 7,303 7,307 8,293

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.01% 96.73% 96.78% 39.12%

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.01% 99.95% 100.00% 55.74%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 100.00% 96.79% 96.78% 90.46%

0 0 0 0 1 0 242 243 875

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 3.21% 3.22% 4.13%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.41% 0.00% 99.59% 100.00% 13.85%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 3.21% 3.22% 9.54%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

1 0 0 0 3 1 7,545 7,550 9,168

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.01% 99.93% 100.00% 43.25%

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.01% 99.93% 100.00% 43.25%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Table 19. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2006 and Reported in FY2007: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

19B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

TOTAL

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Male 

Unknown 
59

Table 19

11

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD 

FORM 

6 169 570 174 7,132 31 8,082 919

0.03% 0.76% 2.56% 0.78% 32.02% 0.14% 36.28% 4.13%

0.07% 2.09% 7.05% 2.15% 88.25% 0.38% 100.00% 11.37%

0.00% 37.81% 33.18% 33.79% 36.62% 32.63% 36.28% 33.96%

20 278 1,148 341 12,342 64 14,193 1,787

0.09% 1.25% 5.15% 1.53% 55.41% 0.29% 63.72% 8.02%

0.14% 1.96% 8.09% 2.40% 86.96% 0.45% 100.00% 12.59%

0.00% 62.19% 66.82% 66.21% 63.38% 67.37% 63.72% 66.04%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

26 447 1,718 515 19,474 95 22,275 2,706

0.12% 2.01% 7.71% 2.31% 87.43% 0.43% 100.00% 12.15%

0.12% 2.01% 7.71% 2.31% 87.43% 0.43% 100.00% 12.15%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (22,959 or 52.81%) than males (20,511 or 47.18%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

More minority females (9,212 or 77.58%) than males (2,662 or 22.42%) are enrolled in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

Compared to FY2006, minority female enrollment decreased by 1.16% and minority male enrollment increased by 1.15%. 

Race

Approximately 27.31% (11,874) of participants in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research (43,472 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 87.43% following the 1977 OMB standards and 44.53% following the 1997 OMB standards.

This is a significant change from FY2006 when, according to the 1977 OMB standards, Asian/Pacific Islander was the largest identified racial group at 78.7%.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 7.71% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 3.96% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.11%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.12%.

Ethnicity

35.62% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 99.93% (2nd largest category is White at 0.04%).

Asian, Black or African American and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander all had 0.0%.

Of the 7,550 participants, 96.78% were women and 3.22% were men.

2.31% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Number of Protocols with 

19C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend
60

20A. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 37

Females 11,533 8,448 73.25%

% 69.71% 90.10%

Males 4,784 915 19.13%

% 28.92% 9.76%

Unknown 227 13 0.00%

% 1.37% 0.14%

TOTAL 16,544 9,376 56.67%

Total % 100% 100.00%

26

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

6 36 629 77 695 2 8,933 10,378 1,361 7,527 1,490 10,378

0.05% 0.27% 4.72% 0.58% 5.21% 0.02% 67.00% 77.84% 10.21% 56.45% 11.18% 77.84%

0.06% 0.35% 6.06% 0.74% 6.70% 0.02% 86.08% 100.00% 13.11% 72.53% 14.36% 100.00%

85.71% 29.51% 59.06% 100.00% 52.06% 50.00% 83.31% 77.84% 53.92% 99.08% 46.39% 77.84%

1 86 423 0 640 2 1,576 2,728 1,150 70 1,508 2,728

0.01% 0.65% 3.17% 0.00% 4.80% 0.02% 11.82% 20.46% 8.63% 0.53% 11.31% 20.46%

0.04% 3.15% 15.51% 0.00% 23.46% 0.07% 57.77% 100.00% 42.16% 2.57% 55.28% 100.00%

14.29% 70.49% 39.72% 0.00% 47.94% 50.00% 14.70% 20.46% 45.56% 0.92% 46.95% 20.46%

0 0 13 0 0 0 214 227 13 0 214 227

0.00% 0.00% 0.10% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.70% 0.10% 0.00% 1.61% 1.70%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 1.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.00% 1.70% 0.52% 0.00% 6.66% 1.70%

7 122 1,065 77 1,335 4 10,723 13,333 2,524 7,597 3,212 13,333

0.05% 0.92% 7.99% 0.58% 10.01% 0.03% 80.42% 100.00% 18.93% 56.98% 24.09% 100.00%

0.05% 0.92% 7.99% 0.58% 10.01% 0.03% 80.42% 100.00% 18.93% 56.98% 24.09% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using 

US Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts 

A+B

1 0 0 0 2 1 7,523 7,527 8,275

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.01% 99.03% 99.08% 62.06%

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.01% 99.95% 100.00% 79.74%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 100.00% 99.09% 99.08% 93.29%

0 0 0 0 1 0 69 70 582

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.91% 0.92% 4.37%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.43% 0.00% 98.57% 100.00% 21.33%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 0.91% 0.92% 6.56%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.10%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.15%

1 0 0 0 3 1 7,592 7,597 8,870

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.01% 99.93% 100.00% 66.53%

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.01% 99.93% 100.00% 66.53%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 

Table 20. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

20B. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total
61

Table 20

11

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD 

FORM 

2 23 121 27 977 5 1,155 173

0.06% 0.72% 3.77% 0.84% 30.43% 0.16% 35.97% 5.39%

0.17% 1.99% 10.48% 2.34% 84.59% 0.43% 100.00% 14.98%

0.00% 35.94% 33.43% 36.00% 36.36% 27.78% 35.97% 34.19%

3 41 241 48 1,710 13 2,056 333

0.09% 1.28% 7.51% 1.49% 53.25% 0.40% 64.03% 10.37%

0.15% 1.99% 11.72% 2.33% 83.17% 0.63% 100.00% 16.20%

0.00% 64.06% 66.57% 64.00% 63.64% 72.22% 64.03% 65.81%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

5 64 362 75 2,687 18 3,211 506

0.16% 1.99% 11.27% 2.34% 83.68% 0.56% 100.00% 15.76%

0.16% 1.99% 11.27% 2.34% 83.68% 0.56% 100.00% 15.76%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (11,533 or 69.71%) than males (4,784 or 28.92%) were enrolled in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

More minority females (8,448 or 90.10%) than males (915 or 9.76%) are enrolled in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 56.67% (9,376) of participants in aggregate Intramural Phase III Research (16,544 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 83.68% following the 1977 OMB standards and Unknown/Other at 80.42% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.27% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 7.99% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was More Than One Race at 0.03%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.16%.

Ethnicity

56.98% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 99.93% (2nd largest category is White at 0.04%).

Asian, Black or African American and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander all had 0.0%.

Of the 7,597 participants, 99.08% were women and 0.92% were men.

2.34% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

20C. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
62

21A Part I. Fourteen Year Increases in Protocols and Enrollment Data

FY Reported 1995 2008

Relative 

Increase, 

2007 / 1995

Total Protocols 

with Enrollment 3,188 11,045 3.5

Total Enrollment 1,021,493 15,412,355 15.1

Total Minorities 374,433 4,386,636 11.7

% of Minority 36.7% 28.5% 0.8

FY Reported 2002 2008

Relative 

Increase, 

2007 / 1995

Total DOMESTIC 

Enrollment data 10,192,401 14,134,627 1.4

Total FOREIGN 

Enrollment 946,083 1,277,728 1.4

Table 21A Comments:

4. Domestic and Foreign data were reported for FY 2002-2008, and showed 1.4 fold increase in domestic enrollment (from 

10.2M to 14.12M) and a 1.4 fold increase in foreign enrollment (from 0.95M to 1.3M).

*NOTE: Trend data varies over time because the data for each year represent the net total of data resulting from (1) studies 

continuing from the prior year; (2) the addition of new studies reported and (3) the subtraction of studies that are no longer rep

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

Table 21. NIH Fourteen Year Trends for Protocol and Enrollment Data: 1995-2008*

1. There was a 3.5 fold increase in protocols with enrollment reported from 1995 to 2008, from 3,188 protocols to 11,045 

protocols.

2. There was a 15.1 fold increase in enrollment reported from 1995 to 2008, from approximately 1M to 15M.

3. There was a 11.7 fold increase in minority enrollment from 1995 to 2008, from approximately 0.4 M to 4M.

21A Part II. Seven Year Increases in Protocols and Enrollment Data: 

Foreign and Domestic
63

FY Reported FY Funded

Number of 

Protocols 

with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New 

Forms):

Number of 

DOMESTIC 

Protocols 

with 

Enrollment 

data

Number of 

FOREIGN 

Protocols 

with 

Enrollment 

data

Percent 

Domestic 

Protocols

Protocol Form*

1995 1994 3,188

1996 1995 6,036

1997 1996 5,692

1998 1997 7,602

1999 1998 8,285

2000 1999 9,390

2001 2000 10,212

2002 2001 8,945 8,463 482 94.6%

2003 2002 10,216 9,578 638 93.8%

2004 2003 10,125 9,760 365 96.4%

2005 2004 10,233 9,862 371 96.4%

2006 2005 10,758 10,294 464 95.7%

2007 2006 10,914 10,463 451 95.9%

2008 2007 11,045 10,548 497 95.5%

CHART

Table 21B Comments:

2. The total number of protocols reported with enrollment have leveled off between 10,000 and 11,000 over the last 4 years. 

3. The vast majority of protocols were for domestic studies for 2002-2008, ranging from 93.8% to 96.4% of protocols.

* Data have been reported using a combined race/ethnicity format (OLD FORM) since 1995. New protocols began reporting 

separate race and ethnicity data in FY2002 (NEW FORM). During 2002-2008, data have been reported using both Old and 

New Forms. 

*See Appendix H for the Race and Ethnicity categories included in Minority Enrollment Data from the 1977 and 1997 U.S. 

OMB race/ethnicity categories. Foreign enrollment was reported using the U.S. race and ethnicity categories. 

1. Table 21B and 21B Graph provide the number of OLD and NEW protocols year by year (1995-2008) and the distribution 

between domestic and oreign protocols for years 2002-2008.

21B. Fourteen Year Summary of Total Number of Protocols Reported: FY 1995-2008

Old

Old + New

Total Protocols by Year Reported

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Number of Protocols with Enrollment data (Old + New 

Forms):

Number of DOMESTIC Protocols with Enrollment data

Number of FOREIGN Protocols with Enrollment data

Old Form Old + New Form
64

21C. Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Enrollment Reported in FY 2002-2008

FY Reported FY Funded

Total 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New 

Forms):

Total 

DOMESTIC 

Enrollment 

data

Percent 

DOMESTIC 

Enrollment

Total 

FOREIGN 

Enrollment 

Percent FOREIGN 

Enrollment

2002 2001 11,138,484 10,192,401 91.5% 946,083 8.5%

2003 2002 14,772,254 11,911,357 80.6% 2,860,897 19.4%

2004 2003 18,923,920 14,359,793 75.9% 4,564,127 24.1%

2005 2004 15,722,752 12,669,858 80.6% 3,052,894 19.4%

2006 2005 14,830,930 11,425,701 77.0% 3,405,229 23.0%

2007 2006 17,448,458 16,180,588 92.7% 1,267,870 7.3%

2008 2007 15,412,355 14,134,627 91.7% 1,277,728 8.3%

CHART

Table 21C Comments:

1. Overall total enrollment has increased, as well as total domestic and foreign enrollment during the last seven 

years. The percentage of foreign enrollment has decreased from 23.0% in FY2006 to approximately 8.3% in FY 

2008 as domestic enrollment incr

Percent Comparison of Domestic and Foreign Enrollment

0.0%

20.0%

40.0%

60.0%

80.0%

100.0%

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Percent DOMESTIC Enrollment

Percent FOREIGN Enrollment
65

FY Reported

FY 

Funded Females Males Unknown

Total Domestic 

Subjects (Old 

+ New Forms)

Number of 

Domestic 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

2002 2001 6,583,087 3,506,787 59,995 10,149,869 2,754,820 8,425

% 64.9% 34.6% 0.6% 100.0% 27.1%

2003 2002 7,392,404 4,393,496 125,457 11,911,357 2,935,363 9,578

% 62.1% 36.9% 1.1% 100.0% 24.6%

2004 2003 8,881,299 5,199,765 278,729 14,359,793 3,464,356 9,760

% 61.8% 36.2% 1.9% 100.0% 24.1%

2005 2004 7,887,209 4,515,242 267,407 12,669,858 3,468,864 9,862

62.3% 35.6% 2.1% 100.0% 27.4%

2006 2005 7,684,453 3,566,577 174,671 11,425,701 3,301,135 10,294

67.3% 31.2% 1.5% 100.0% 28.9%

2007 2006 9,397,957 6,389,817 392,814 16,180,588 4,283,738 10,463

58.1% 39.5% 2.4% 100.0% 26.5%

2008 2007 8,514,768 5,451,624 168,235 14,134,627 3,409,896 10,548

60.2% 38.6% 1.2% 100.0% 24.1%

Table 22A Comments

2. There were approximately an average of 26.1% domestic minority subjects enrolled in domestic protocols from 2002-2008.

3. Total domestic enrollment ranged from 10.1M to 16.2M during the past 7 years.

4. The number of domestic protocols increased from 8,425 to 10,548 in 7years

NOTE on FY2002 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 540,833 subjects (Old Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,571,305 subjects (Old Form).

NOTE on FY2003 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 800,000 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,389,920 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,799,820 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2004 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 540,833 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 800,000 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,138,302 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,419,475 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,799,820 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2005 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 540,833 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 800,000 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,595,620 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,799,820 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2006 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 875,010 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,964,668 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 540,833 subjects (New Form).

NOTE of FY2007 Reported Data:

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,817,915 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 1,879,841 subjects (New Form).

One domestic study had an enrollment of 2,024,369 subjects (New Form).

Table 22: DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 

Reported: FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories

1. There were approximately an average of 62.4% females, 36.1% males and 1.5% of unknown sex enrolled in domestic 

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.

from 2002-2008.

22A . SEVEN YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: DOMESTIC SUBJECTS IN DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS (Old + New Forms)

Subtotal: Domestic 

Subjects Enrolled by US 

Minority Categories
66

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 22B, 22C and 22D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 22A.

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic, Not 

White White Unknown /Other

Total 

Domestic 

Enrollment 

(Old Form)

Number of 

Domestic 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(Old Form):

2002 2001 45,639 752,203 673,726 378,300 3,880,431 316,053 6,046,352 5,783

% 0.8% 12.4% 11.1% 6.3% 64.2% 5.2% 100.0%

2003 2002 36,238 249,420 455,329 264,336 3,100,815 266,339 4,372,477 4,478

% 0.8% 5.7% 10.4% 6.0% 70.9% 6.1% 100.0%

2004 2003 28,953 196,647 322,078 194,762 2,273,619 157,464 3,173,523 2,702

% 0.9% 6.2% 10.1% 6.1% 71.6% 5.0% 100.0%

2005 2004 22,375 89,119 210,465 126,351 1,245,337 93,239 1,786,886 1,736

% 1.3% 5.0% 11.8% 7.1% 69.7% 5.2% 100.0%

2006 2005 19,628 51,701 148,224 74,312 866,683 61,480 1,222,028 1,361

% 1.6% 4.2% 12.1% 6.1% 70.9% 5.0% 100.0%

2007 2006 5,372 51,740 238,003 81,677 1,095,702 48,625 1,521,119 1,092

% 0.4% 3.4% 15.6% 5.4% 72.0% 3.2% 100.0%

2008 2007 12,505 11,366 62,753 25,171 350,300 160,259 622,354 909

% 2.0% 1.8% 10.1% 4.0% 56.3% 25.8% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native 

Hawaiian or 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Racial 

Categories 

(New Form)

Not Hispanic **Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/

Not 

Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Ethnic Category

2002 2001 74,593 174,215 473,699 7,623 2,626,547 30,200 716,640 4,103,517 2,785,590 285,921 1,032,006 4,103,517

% 1.8% 4.2% 11.5% 0.2% 64.0% 0.7% 17.5% 100.0% 67.9% 7.0% 25.1% 100.0%

2003 2002 61,526 295,061 897,518 23,068 5,161,965 94,138 1,005,604 7,538,880 6,003,326 602,018 933,536 7,538,880

% 0.8% 3.9% 11.9% 0.3% 68.5% 1.2% 13.3% 100.0% 79.6% 8.0% 12.4% 100.0%

2004 2003 97,854 485,137 1,280,129 42,945 7,772,927 172,185 1,335,093 11,186,270 8,893,158 720,551 1,572,561 11,186,270

% 0.9% 4.3% 11.4% 0.4% 69.5% 1.5% 11.9% 100.0% 79.5% 6.4% 14.1% 100.0%

2005 2004 291,044 655,959 1,232,957 42,993 7,485,193 164,096 1,010,730 10,882,972 9,120,293 721,138 1,041,541 10,882,972

% 2.7% 6.0% 11.3% 0.4% 68.8% 1.5% 9.3% 100.0% 83.8% 6.6% 9.6% 100.0%

2006 2005 111,048 946,613 1,032,199 35,142 6,844,960 178,275 1,055,436 10,203,673 8,384,360 796,556 1,022,757 10,203,673

% 1.1% 9.3% 10.1% 0.3% 67.1% 1.7% 10.3% 100.0% 82.2% 7.8% 10.0% 100.0%

2007 2006 129,830 892,410 1,719,631 46,569 10,028,992 270,005 1,572,032 14,659,469 11,991,388 1,002,302 1,665,779 14,659,469

% 0.9% 6.1% 11.7% 0.3% 68.4% 1.8% 10.7% 100.0% 81.8% 6.8% 11.4% 100.0%

2008 2007 111,668 719,287 1,582,616 41,780 9,256,041 168,750 1,632,131 13,512,273 10,871,618 945,603 1,695,053 13,512,274

% 0.8% 5.3% 11.7% 0.3% 68.5% 1.2% 12.1% 100.0% 80.5% 7.0% 12.5% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native 

Hawaiian or 

Pacific 

Islander

White 

(Hispanic)

More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not Reported

**Total of 

Hispanics or 

Latinos by 

Racial 

Categories

Number of 

Domestic 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(New Form):

2002 2001 1,163 436 12,005 98 69,313 5,626 75,309 163,950 2,642

% 0.7% 0.3% 7.3% 0.1% 42.3% 3.4% 45.9% 100.0%

2003 2002 3,756 1,950 13,345 678 349,844 23,560 208,885 602,018 5,100

% 0.6% 0.3% 2.2% 0.1% 58.1% 3.9% 34.7% 100.0%

2004 2003 6,293 5,026 12,498 2,037 356,575 51,031 287,091 720,551 7,058

% 0.9% 0.7% 1.7% 0.3% 49.5% 7.1% 39.8% 100.0%

2005 2004 22,057 7,810 19,282 1,981 362,707 36,503 270,798 721,138 8,126

% 3.1% 1.1% 2.7% 0.3% 50.3% 5.1% 37.6% 100.0%

2006 2005 15,498 6,540 19,870 1,505 374,830 49,150 329,163 796,556 8,933

% 1.9% 0.8% 2.5% 0.2% 47.1% 6.2% 41.3% 100.0%

2007 2006 20,932 6,875 28,078 3,199 493,196 94,717 355,305 1,002,302 9,371

% 2.1% 0.7% 2.8% 0.3% 49.2% 9.4% 35.4% 100.0%

2008 2007 14,528 7,086 84,215 2,361 468,176 51,618 317,619 945,603 9,578

% 1.5% 0.7% 8.9% 0.2% 49.5% 5.5% 33.6% 100.0%

** These totals must agree

25.2%

3,906,946

22B. OLD FORM: Total of All Domestic Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a combined 

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority categories. The Data Reported in FY 2002 and later are 

from the new Population Tracking System that was deployed with data reported in FY 2002 and later, and allows separate reporting using the Old Form and the New Form, and separate 

reporting for Foreign and Domestic Data. 

* These totals must agree

25.6%

2,721,916

24.3%

3,020,554

3,007,270

29.5%

3,409,896

22C. NEW FORM PART A: Inclusion Enrollment Report (Total of All Domestic Subjects Reported Using the 1997 

OMB Standards for Separate Race and Ethnicity Formats)

26.7%

27.8%

22.1%

1,930,040

904,952

22D. New Form Part B: Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

1,005,323

1,849,868

376,792

111,795

Domestic Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

NEW FORM Parts A+B

Part A: TOTAL ENROLLMENT REPORT: Number of Subjects Enrolled to Date (Cumulative) by Ethnicity and Race

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

18.0%

24.8%

742,440

24.0%

23.4%

30.6%

23.0%

25.1%

293,865

448,310

Table 22: DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 

Domestic Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

OLD FORM 
67

FY Reported

FY 

Funded Females Males Unknown

Total 

Domestic 

Subjects 

(Old + New 

Forms)

Number of Domestic 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data (Old + 

New Forms):

2002 2001 264,517 179,179 740 444,436 92,961 582

% 59.5% 40.3% 0.2% 100.0% 20.9%

2003 2002 266,913 218,166 1,778 486,857 109,376 643

% 54.8% 44.8% 0.4% 100.0% 22.5%

2004 2003 277,333 217,890 1,018 496,241 125,813 549

% 55.9% 43.9% 0.2% 100.0% 25.4%

2005 2004 261,589 174,137 2,176 437,902 109,910 517

59.7% 39.8% 0.5% 100.0% 25.1%

2006 2005 258,467 137,621 4,209 400,297 83,034 564

64.6% 34.4% 1.1% 100.0% 20.7%

2007 2006 228,289 183,878 16,273 428,440 88,339 609

53.3% 42.9% 3.8% 100.0% 20.6%

2008 2007 347,982 226,266 16,857 591,105 119,582 585

58.9% 38.3% 2.9% 100.0% 20.2%

Table 23A Comments:

4. The number of domestic Phase III protocols ranged from 517 to 643 between Fiscal Years 2002 and 2008.

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 23B, 23C and 23D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 23A.

3. Total domestic Phase III enrollment ranged from 400,297 to 591,105 during these 7 years.

1. There were approximately an average of 58.1% females, 40.6% males and 1.3% of unknown sex enrolled in Phase 

III domestic protocols from 2002-2008.

2. There were approximately an average of 22.2% domestic minority subjects enrolled in domestic Phase III protocols 

from 2002-2008.

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority 

categories. The Data Reported in FY 2002 and later are from the new Population Tracking System that was deployed with data 

reported in FY 2002 and later, and allows separate reporting using the Old Form and the New Form, and separate reporting for 

Foreign and Domestic Data. 

Table 23: DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III Clinical 

Research Reported in FY2002-2008:Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories 

23A . Phase III SEVEN YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: DOMESTIC SUBJECTS IN DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS (Old 

+ New Forms)

Subtotal: Domestic 

Subjects Enrolled by 

US Minority 

Categories

NOTE: Percentages are reported with one decimal point; due to rounding, adding percentages may not equal 100%.
23D. New Form Part B: Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

**Total of American Native Black or Unknown Hispanics or Indian or Hawaiian or White More Than Domestic Subtotal Asian African or Not Latinos by Alaska Pacific (Hispanic) One Race Using US Minority Number of Domestic

American Reported Racial Native Islander Categories (shaded): Protocols with Enrollment 

FY Reported FY Funded Categories NEW FORM Parts A+B data (New Form): 

2002 2001 49 21 31 4 660 304 560 1,629 5,988 88 

% 3.0% 1.3% 1.9% 0.2% 40.5% 18.7% 34.4% 100.0% 14.7% 

2003 2002 37 70 186 23 2,113 203 5,196 7,828 25,612 175 

% 0.5% 0.9% 2.4% 0.3% 27.0% 2.6% 66.4% 100.0% 35.6% 

2004 2003 269 59 193 26 7,262 482 2,572 10,863 40,370 263 

% 2.5% 0.5% 1.8% 0.2% 66.9% 4.4% 23.7% 100.0% 28.5% 

2005 2004 371 42 446 45 3,663 423 4,783 9,773 43,056 312 

% 3.8% 0.4% 4.6% 0.5% 37.5% 4.3% 48.9% 100.0% 31.4% 

2006 2005 458 47 507 40 5,544 712 6,242 13,550 47,696 357 

% 3.4% 0.3% 3.7% 0.3% 40.9% 5.3% 46.1% 100.0% 25.4% 

2007 2006 300 44 454 24 7,360 319 13,099 21,600 44,165 405 

% 1.4% 0.2% 2.1% 0.1% 34.1% 1.5% 60.6% 100.0% 23.9% 

2008 2007 518 228 714 122 22,244 5,369 12,808 42,003 44,115 423 

% 1.2% 0.5% 1.7% 0.3% 53.0% 12.8% 30.5% 100.0% 22.7% 

* These totals must agree 

** These totals must agree 

Table 23: DOMESTIC PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III Clinical 

Research Reported in FY2002-2008:Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories 

23B. OLD FORM: Total of All Domestic Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a combined 

race/ethnicity format 

FY Reported FY Funded 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander 

Black or

African 

American

Hispanic, 

Not White White Unknown/Other 

Total 

Domestic 

Enrollment 

(Old Form) 

Domestic Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

OLD FORM 

Number of Domestic

Protocols with Enrollment 

data (Old Form): 

2002 2001 1,586 8,291 49,184 27,912 305,964 10,670 403,607 86,973 494 

% 0.4% 2.1% 12.2% 6.9% 75.8% 2.6% 100.0% 21.5% 

2003 2002 1,612 7,610 48,975 25,567 322,600 8,538 414,902 83,764 468 

% 0.4% 1.8% 11.8% 6.2% 77.8% 2.1% 100.0% 20.2% 

2004 2003 1,504 6,739 45,233 31,967 262,671 6,447 354,561 85,443 286 

% 0.4% 1.9% 12.8% 9.0% 74.1% 1.8% 100.0% 24.1% 

2005 2004 1,319 5,488 39,401 20,646 229,235 4,493 300,582 66,854 205 

% 0.4% 1.8% 13.1% 6.9% 76.3% 1.5% 100.0% 22.2% 

2006 2005 996 4,505 20,325 9,512 171,191 5,673 212,202 35,338 207

% 0.5% 2.1% 9.6% 4.5% 80.7% 2.7% 100.0% 16.7% 

2007 2006 751 3,941 21,581 9,331 168,127 4,254 207,985 35,604 204 

% 0.4% 1.9% 10.4% 4.5% 80.8% 2.0% 100.0% 17.1% 

2008 2007 885 4,506 22,431 9,636 187,719 4,171 229,348 37,458 162 

% 0.4% 2.0% 9.8% 4.2% 81.8% 1.8% 100.0% 16.3% 

23C. NEW FORM Part A: Inclusion Enrollment Report (Total of All Domestic Subjects Reported Using the 

1997 OMB Standards for Separate Race and Ethnicity Formats) 

Part A: TOTAL ENROLLMENT REPORT: Number of Subjects Enrolled to Date (Cumulative) by Ethnicity and Race 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity 

FY Reported FY Funded 

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native 

Asian 

Black or 

African 

American 

Native

Hawaiian or 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race 

Unknown 

or Not 

Reported 

*Total of All

Subjects by

Racial

Categories

(New Form) 

Not 

Hispanic 

**Hispanic 

or Latino 

Unknown/

Not

Reported

*Total of All Subjects by

Ethnic Category

2002 2001 159 798 3,199 52 34,541 560 1,520 40,829 34,662 1,629 4,538 40,829

% 0.4% 2.0% 7.8% 0.1% 84.6% 1.4% 3.7% 100.0% 84.9% 4.0% 11.1% 100.0%

2003 2002 477 2,586 14,031 220 46,774 989 6,878 71,955 55,575 7,828 8,552 71,955

% 0.7% 3.6% 19.5% 0.3% 65.0% 1.4% 9.6% 100.0% 77.2% 10.9% 11.9% 100.0%

2004 2003 1,396 4,373 22,307 611 106,260 1,849 4,884 141,680 123,770 10,863 7,047 141,680

% 1.0% 3.1% 15.7% 0.4% 75.0% 1.3% 3.4% 100.0% 87.4% 7.7% 5.0% 100.0%

2005 2004 1,775 4,920 24,390 462 93,662 3,063 9,048 137,320 118,528 9,773 9,019 137,320 

% 1.3% 3.6% 17.8% 0.3% 68.2% 2.2% 6.6% 100.0% 86.3% 7.1% 6.6% 100.0% 

2006 2005 2,724 5,312 23,267 530 118,577 4,077 33,608 188,095 141,688 13,550 32,857 188,095 

% 1.4% 2.8% 12.4% 0.3% 63.0% 2.2% 17.9% 100.0% 75.3% 7.2% 17.5% 100.0% 

2007 2006 2,314 4,294 21,141 553 130,085 3,974 58,094 220,455 146,482 21,600 52,373 220,455

% 1.0% 1.9% 9.6% 0.3% 59.0% 1.8% 26.4% 100.0% 66.4% 9.8% 23.8% 100.0%

2008 2007 2,256 6,314 25,753 713 276,406 11,836 38,279 361,557 289,525 42,003 30,229 361,757

% 0.6% 1.7% 7.1% 0.2% 76.4% 3.3% 10.6% 100.0% 80.0% 11.6% 8.4% 100.0%

68
69

FY Reported

FY 

Funded Females Males Unknown

Total 

Foreign 

Subjects 

(Old + New 

Forms)

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

2002 2001 553,056 379,294 13,833 946,083 777,461 482

% 58.5% 40.1% 1.5% 100.0% 82.2%

2003 2002 1,122,077 1,728,000 10,820 2,860,897 2,452,329 638

% 39.2% 60.4% 0.4% 100.0% 85.7%

2004 2003 2,007,798 2,542,127 14,202 4,564,127 4,147,255 365

% 44.0% 55.7% 0.3% 100.0% 90.9%

2005 2004 1,616,713 1,426,665 9,516 3,052,894 2,776,565 371

% 53.0% 46.7% 0.3% 100.0% 90.9%

2006 2005 1,788,820 1,605,628 10,781 3,405,229 3,087,181 464

% 52.5% 47.2% 0.3% 100.0% 90.7%

2007 2006 754,633 497,976 15,261 1,267,870 932,686 451

% 59.5% 39.3% 1.2% 100.0% 73.6%

2008 2007 729,198 540,115 8,415 1,277,728 864,945 497

% 57.1% 42.3% 0.7% 100.0% 67.7%

Table 24AComments:

3. Total foreign enrollment ranged from 946,083 to 4,564,127 during the past 7 years.

4. The number of foreign protocols ranged from 365 to 638 during the past 7 years

NOTE on FY2002 Reported Data:

One study in Vietnam had an enrollment of 302,381 subjects (Old Form).

NOTE on FY2003 Reported Data:

One study in Vietnam had an enrollment of 302,381 subjects (Old Form).

One study in China had an enrollment of 1,910,000 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2004 Reported Data:

One study in China had an enrollment of 1,910,000 subjects (New Form).

One study in India had an enrollment of 2,000,000 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2005 Reported Data:

One study in India had an enrollment of 2,200,000 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2006 Reported Data:

One study in India had an enrollment of 2,200,000 subjects (New Form).

One study in India had an enrollment of 2,200,000 subjects (New Form).

NOTE on FY2007 Reported Data:

No foreign studies reported an enrollment greater than 100,000 subjects.

1. The percent females varied from 39.2% to 59.5% in foreign protocols from 2002-2008; the percent males varied from 39.3% 

to 60.4%.

Table 24. FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 

Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories

24A. SEVEN YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: FOREIGN SUBJECTS IN FOREIGN PROTOCOLS (Old + New 

Forms)

Subtotal: Foreign 

Subjects Enrolled by 

US Minority Categories

2. The percent foreign subjects enrolled using OMB racial/ethnic categories in foreign protocols varied from 73.6% to 90.9% 

from 2002 to 2008.
70

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 24B, 24C and 24D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 24A.

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic, Not 

White White Unknown/

Other

Total 

Foreign 

Enrollment 

(Old Form)

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(Old Form):

2002 2001 69 468,958 21,407 19,075 143,768 3,565 656,842 380

% 0.0% 71.4% 3.3% 2.9% 21.9% 0.5% 100.0%

2003 2002 341 481,122 17,097 24,187 137,469 12,562 672,778 425

% 0.1% 71.5% 2.5% 3.6% 20.4% 1.9% 100.0%

2004 2003 434 110,405 20,110 19,560 74,910 14,666 240,085 80

% 0.2% 46.0% 8.4% 8.1% 31.2% 6.1% 100.0%

2005 2004 0 165,479 19,150 8,621 21,752 9,166 224,168 50

% 0.0% 73.8% 8.5% 3.8% 9.7% 4.1% 100.0%

2006 2005 20 80,085 724 4,284 16,358 1,751 103,222 30

% 0.0% 77.6% 0.7% 4.2% 15.8% 1.7% 100.0%

2007 2006 0 2 1 1,515 1,685 5 3,208 6

% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 47.2% 52.5% 0.2% 100.0%

2008 2007 15 26 14 852 3,057 91 4,055 6

% 0.4% 0.6% 0.3% 21.0% 75.4% 2.2% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native Hawaiian 

or Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not 

Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Racial 

Categories 

(New Form)

Not 

Hispanic

**Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/

Not 

Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Ethnic Category

2002 2001 3,271 180,022 68,071 14,013 19,970 741 3,153 289,241 278,618 6,064 4,559 289,241

% 1.1% 62.2% 23.5% 4.8% 6.9% 0.3% 1.1% 100.0% 96.3% 2.1% 1.6% 100.0%

2003 2002 2,018 1,842,941 62,572 14,501 253,745 5,324 7,018 2,188,119 2,158,933 9,623 19,563 2,188,119

% 0.1% 84.2% 2.9% 0.7% 11.6% 0.2% 0.3% 100.0% 98.7% 0.4% 0.9% 100.0%

2004 2003 193 3,860,259 99,728 11,507 292,142 14,056 46,157 4,324,042 4,275,684 35,788 12,570 4,324,042

% 0.0% 89.3% 2.3% 0.3% 6.8% 0.3% 1.1% 100.0% 98.9% 0.8% 0.3% 100.0%

2005 2004 1,171 2,390,404 125,305 10,293 187,697 18,857 94,999 2,828,726 2,683,871 52,801 92,054 2,828,726

% 0.0% 84.5% 4.4% 0.4% 6.6% 0.7% 3.4% 100.0% 94.9% 1.9% 3.3% 100.0%

2006 2005 30,519 2,516,589 219,140 3,318 244,057 143,279 145,105 3,302,007 2,923,885 257,756 120,366 3,302,007

% 0.9% 76.2% 6.6% 0.1% 7.4% 4.3% 4.4% 100.0% 88.5% 7.8% 3.6% 100.0%

2007 2006 15,587 464,490 293,064 10,580 312,491 8,063 160,387 1,264,662 1,025,736 166,790 72,136 1,264,662

% 1.2% 36.7% 23.2% 0.8% 24.7% 0.6% 12.7% 100.0% 81.1% 13.2% 5.7% 100.0%

2008 2007 21,218 449,034 258,425 6,795 403,766 13,405 121,020 1,273,663 1,021,912 171,728 80,023 1,273,663

% 1.7% 35.3% 20.3% 0.5% 31.7% 1.1% 9.5% 100.0% 80.2% 13.5% 6.3% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native Hawaiian 

or Pacific 

Islander

White 

(Hispanic)

More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not 

Reported

**Total of 

Hispanics or 

Latinos by 

Racial 

Categories

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(New Form):

2002 2001 1,461 0 4 0 1,659 683 175 3,982 102

% 36.7% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 41.7% 17.2% 4.4% 100.0%

2003 2002 1,644 3 1,222 0 632 4,528 1,594 9,623 213

% 17.1% 0.0% 12.7% 0.0% 6.6% 47.1% 16.6% 100.0%

2004 2003 115 14 12,778 0 4,537 11,878 6,466 35,788 285

% 0.3% 0.0% 35.7% 0.0% 12.7% 33.2% 18.1% 100.0%

2005 2004 682 6 164 0 26,161 14,664 11,124 52,801 321

% 1.3% 0.0% 0.3% 0.0% 49.5% 27.8% 21.1% 100.0%

2006 2005 29,576 101 1,842 688 42,665 136,326 46,558 257,756 434

% 11.5% 0.0% 0.7% 0.3% 16.6% 52.9% 18.1% 100.0%

2007 2006 16,681 550 3,234 1,115 46,034 5,816 93,360 166,790 445

% 10.0% 0.3% 1.9% 0.7% 27.6% 3.5% 56.0% 100.0%

2008 2007 19,786 24,515 1,042 1 49,995 11,253 65,156 171,748 492

% 11.5% 14.3% 0.6% 0.0% 29.1% 6.6% 37.9% 100.0%

** These totals must agree

62.7%

522,747

917

47.3%

86.2%

77.7%

150,509

85,113

82.5%

24D. New Form Part B: Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

1,929,582

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

193,250

1,518

Part A: TOTAL ENROLLMENT REPORT: Number of Subjects Enrolled to Date (Cumulative) by Ethnicity and Race

Total of All Subjects by Race

2,583,315

91.3%

FOREIGN Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

NEW FORM Parts 

A+B

92.6%

3,996,746

88.2%

267,952

* These totals must agree

931,178

92.4%

22.6%

864,028

73.6%

90.9%

67.8%

24C. NEW FORM Part A: Inclusion Enrollment Report (Total of All FOREIGN Subjects Reported Using the 

1997 OMB Standards for Separate Race and Ethnicity Formats)

3,002,068

77.6%

509,509

Table 24. FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Clinical Research 

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority 

24B. OLD FORM: Total of All FOREIGN Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a combined 

race/ethnicity format

FOREIGN Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

OLD FORM 
71

FY Reported

FY 

Funded Females Males Unknown

Total Foreign 

Subjects (Old 

+ New Forms)

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment 

data (Old + 

New Forms):

2002 2001 14,359 15,911 41 30,311 18,308 172

% 47.4% 52.5% 0.1% 100.0% 60.4%

2003 2002 28,037 21,237 136 49,410 23,927 209

% 56.7% 43.0% 0.3% 100.0% 48.4%

2004 2003 24,020 25,023 83 49,126 37,126 24

% 48.9% 50.9% 0.2% 100.0% 75.6%

2005 2004 29,388 23,163 2,547 55,098 44,281 30

% 53.3% 42.0% 4.6% 100.0% 80.4%

2006 2005 55,599 42,354 1,180 99,133 84,412 60

% 56.1% 42.7% 1.2% 100.0% 85.2%

2007 2006 96,405 65,755 559 162,719 156,593 44

% 59.2% 40.4% 0.3% 100.0% 96.2%

2008 2007 107,608 93,488 377 201,473 188,851 54

% 53.4% 46.4% 0.2% 100.0% 93.7%

Table 25A Comments:

3. Total Phase III foreign enrollment increased from 30,311 to 201,473 during these 7 years.

4. The number of Phase III foreign protocols ranged from 24 to 209 between the years 2002 and 2008.

NOTE 2: Data from Tables 25B, 25C and 25D are combined to provide the summary data in Table 25A.

2. The percent foreign subjects enrolled by U.S. Minority Categories in Phase III foreign protocols increased from 60.4% to 

93.7% from 2002 to 2008.

NOTE 1: The shaded portions of the Tables B, C and D below show the race/ethnicity categories that are identified as minority 

categories. The Data Reported in FY 2002 and later are from the new Population Tracking System that was deployed with data 

reported in FY 2002 and later, and allows separate reporting using the Old Form and the New Form, and separate reporting for 

Foreign and Domestic Data. 

Table 25. FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III Clinical 

Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories

25A. Part A. Phase III SEVEN YEAR SUMMARY TOTALS: FOREIGN SUBJECTS IN FOREIGN PROTOCOLS (Old 

+ New Forms)

Subtotal: Foreign Subjects 

Enrolled by US Minority 

Categories

1. The percent females varied from 47.4% to 59.2% in Phase III foreign protocols from 2002-2008; the percent males 

varied from 40.4% to 52.5%.
72

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic, 

Not White White Unknown/ 

Other

Total Foreign 

Enrollment 

(Old Form)

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(Old Form):

2002 2001 59 12,269 2,807 1,724 9,579 1,558 27,996 166

% 0.2% 43.8% 10.0% 6.2% 34.2% 5.6% 100.0%

2003 2002 77 12,428 280 3,499 15,054 8,077 39,415 188

% 0.2% 31.5% 0.7% 8.9% 38.2% 20.5% 100.0%

2004 2003 1 12,068 52 1,007 3,093 7,603 23,824 10

% 0.0% 50.7% 0.2% 4.2% 13.0% 31.9% 100.0%

2005 2004 0 12,252 1 1,183 2,257 14 15,707 5

% 0.0% 78.0% 0.0% 7.5% 14.4% 0.1% 100.0%

2006 2005 16 12,295 30 12 4,533 675 17,561 8

% 0.1% 70.0% 0.2% 0.1% 25.8% 3.8% 100.0%

2007 2006 0 2 1 2 1,662 5 1,672 1

% 0.0% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 99.4% 0.3% 100.0%

2008 2007 15 36 14 6 3,034 91 3,196 2

% 0.5% 1.1% 0.4% 0.2% 94.9% 2.8% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native 

Hawaiian 

or Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Racial 

Categories 

(New Form)

Not Hispanic **Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/No

t Reported

*Total of All 

Subjects by 

Ethnic Category

2002 2001 0 1 1,448 0 113 0 753 2,315 1,562 0 753 2,315

% 0.0% 0.0% 62.5% 0.0% 4.9% 0.0% 32.5% 100.0% 0.0% 32.5% 32.5%

2003 2002 7 23 7,610 0 1,095 0 1,260 9,995 8,720 3 1,272 9,995

% 0.1% 0.2% 76.1% 0.0% 11.0% 0.0% 12.6% 100.0% 87.2% 0.0% 12.7% 100.0%

2004 2003 0 12 21,414 0 553 2,570 753 25,302 21,972 2,572 758 25,302

% 0.0% 0.0% 84.6% 0.0% 2.2% 10.2% 3.0% 100.0% 86.8% 10.2% 3.0% 100.0%

2005 2004 389 4,272 25,948 0 7,576 0 1,206 39,391 38,122 624 645 39,391

%

1.0% 10.8% 65.9% 0.0% 19.2% 0.0% 3.1% 100.0% 96.8% 1.6% 1.6% 100.0%

2006 2005 1,906 27,048 27,513 5 8,093 169 26,838 91,572 60,670 17,484 3,418 81,572

% 2.1% 29.5% 30.0% 0.0% 8.8% 0.2% 29.3% 100.0% 74.4% 21.4% 4.2% 100.0%

2007 2006 7,037 43,070 63,327 2 2,917 171 44,523 161,047 108,210 50,022 2,815 161,047

% 4.4% 26.7% 39.3% 0.0% 1.8% 0.1% 27.6% 100.0% 67.2% 31.1% 1.7% 100.0%

2008 2007 12,550 88,982 77,421 3 4,949 301 14,071 198,277 171,357 22,354 4,566 198,277

% 6.3% 44.9% 39.0% 0.0% 2.5% 0.2% 7.1% 100.0% 86.4% 11.3% 2.3% 100.0%

FY Reported FY Funded

American 

Indian or 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Native 

Hawaiian 

or Pacific 

Islander

White 

(Hispanic)

More Than 

One Race

Unknown or 

Not Reported

**Total of 

Hispanics or 

Latinos by 

Racial 

Categories

Number of 

Foreign 

Protocols with 

Enrollment data 

(New Form):

2002 2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6

% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0%

2003 2002 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 3 21

% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 66.7% 0.0% 33.3% 100.0%

2004 2003 0 0 0 0 2 2,570 0 2,572 14

% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 99.9% 0.0% 100.0%

2005 2004 388 0 0 0 4 0 232 624 25

% 62.2% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 0.0% 37.2% 100.0%

2006 2005 1,849 3 213 0 1,328 1 14,090 17,484 52

% 10.6% 0.0% 1.2% 0.0% 7.6% 0.0% 80.6% 100.0%

2007 2006 7,033 1 4 0 70 3 42,911 50,022 43

% 14.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.1% 0.0% 85.8% 100.0%

2008 2007 12,538 0 1 0 130 292 9,393 22,354 50

% 56.1% 0.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0.6% 1.3% 42.0% 100.0%

** These totals must agree

156,588

97.2%

* These totals must agree

30,845

78.3%

72,059

78.7%

188,777

95.2%

Table 25. FOREIGN PROTOCOLS: Summary of NIH Extramural and Intramural Phase III Clinical 

Research Reported in FY2002-2008: Enrollment Using U.S. Race/Ethnicity Categories

25B. OLD FORM: Total of All FOREIGN Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards in a combined 

race/ethnicity format

12,353

70.3%

60.2%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

16,284

41.3%

25D. New Form Part B: Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

13,436

85.5%

5

0.3%

FOREIGN Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

NEW FORM Parts A+B

13,128

55.1%

FOREIGN Subtotal 

Using US Minority 

Categories (shaded): 

OLD FORM 

16,859

71

2.2%

25C. NEW FORM Part A: Inclusion Enrollment Report (Total of All FOREIGN Subjects Reported Using the 1997 

OMB Standards for Separate Race and Ethnicity Formats)

Part A: TOTAL ENROLLMENT REPORT: Number of Subjects Enrolled to Date (Cumulative) by Ethnicity and Race

Total of All Subjects by Race

94.8%

1,449

62.6%

23,998

7,643

76.5%
73

APPENDICES 

Page 

Appendix A Full Historical Narrative on the Implementation of the NIH Inclusion Policy ..............75

Appendix B Explanation of Gender and Minority Codes ..................................................................87

Appendix C NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee Members ........................................................89

Appendix D Internet Homepage: Inclusion of Women and Minorities – Policy Implementation .....95

Appendix E NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as 

Subjects in Clinical Research – Amended, October 2001 .............................................99

Appendix F NIH Policy on Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data: Subjects in Clinical Research ....115

Appendix G NIH Inclusion Tables for Target and Enrollment Data ................................................ 127

Appendix H Comparison of 1977 and 1997 OMB Standards for Classification for Reporting 

Race and Ethnicity .......................................................................................................133

Appendix I FY2008 Aggregate Extramural and Intramural Data Tables .......................................137
74
75

Appendix A 

Historical Narrative on the 

Implementation of the 

NIH Inclusion Policy 
76
77

Monitoring Adherence to the NIH Policy on the Inclusion 

of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research

Historical Background

The establishment and implementation of policies for the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical 

research funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) has its origins in the women’s health 

movement. Following the issuance of the report of the Public Health Service Task Force on Women’s 

Health in 1985, the NIH established a policy in 1986 for the inclusion of women in clinical research. This 

policy, which urged the inclusion of women, was first published in the NIH Guide to Grants and 

Contracts in 1987. Later that year, minority and other scientists at the NIH recognized the need to address 

the inclusion of minority populations. Therefore, in a later 1987 version of the NIH guide, a policy 

encouraging the inclusion of minorities in clinical studies was first published. 

In July 1989, an NIH Memorandum on Inclusion stated that research solicitations should encourage 

inclusion of women and minorities and require a rationale if excluded, and that executive secretaries of 

scientific review groups should ensure that responsiveness to policy would be addressed and indicated in 

summary statements. In 1990, the Congressional Caucus for Women’s Issues requested the U.S. General 

Accounting Office (GAO) to conduct an investigation into the implementation of the guidelines for the 

inclusion of women by NIH. This report, in Congressional testimony, indicated that the implementation 

of the policy for the inclusion of women was slow, not well communicated, that gender analysis was not 

implemented, and that the impact of this policy could not be determined. The GAO testimony also 

indicated that there were differences in the implementation of the policy recommending the inclusion of 

minorities, and that not all Institutes and Centers (ICs) factored adherence to these policies into the 

scientific merit review. 

In order to ensure that the policies for inclusion were firmly implemented by NIH, the Congress made 

what had previously been policy into Public Law, through a section in the NIH Revitalization Act of 1993 

(PL 103-43)1, entitled Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research. In 1994, the NIH revised 

its inclusion policy to meet this mandate that women and minorities must be included in all of its clinical 

research studies. The Revitalization Act essentially reinforced the existing NIH policies, but with four 

major differences: 

that NIH ensure that women and minorities and their subpopulations be included in all clinical 

research; 

that women and minorities and their subpopulations be included in Phase III clinical trials in numbers 

adequate to allow for valid analyses of differences in intervention effect; 

that cost is not allowed as an acceptable reason for excluding these groups; and, 

that NIH initiate programs and support for outreach efforts to recruit and retain women and minorities 

and their subpopulations as participants in clinical studies 

Revised inclusion guidelines developed in response to this law were published in the Federal Register2 in 

March 1994, and they became effective in September 1994. The result was that NIH could not and would 

not fund any grant, cooperative agreement or contract or support any intramural project to be conducted 

or funded in Fiscal Year 1995 and thereafter which did not comply with this policy. NIH administrative 

procedures allow consideration of applications through a peer-review system. During initial peer review, 

the Scientific Review Group (SRG) evaluates the proposed enrollment of each project involving human 

subjects and determines whether the plan to include women and minority subjects is scientifically 

acceptable. The implementation plan determines that an application may be unacceptable if it: 1) fails to 

provide sufficient information about target enrollment; 2) does not adequately justify limited or lack of 
78

inclusion of women or minorities; or 3) does not realistically address recruitment and retention. For NIHdefined Phase III clinical trials, the Scientific Review Group (SRG) also evaluates the description of plans 

to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences in the intervention effect by sex/gender and/or 

racial/ethnic groups. Applications with unacceptable inclusion plans receive an unacceptable gender or 

minority code, resulting in a bar-to-funding. Such clinical research studies cannot be funded until NIH 

staff is assured of compliance from the investigators. This may involve changes related to study design. 

Sometimes applicants are able to remedy the deficiencies found during initial review by providing 

additional information about the intended enrollment demographics. Research awards covered by this 

policy require the grantee to report annually on enrollment of women and men, and on the race and 

ethnicity of research participants so that accrual can be monitored. Annual progress reports submitted by 

the grantee contain information on research progress which includes research participant enrollment, 

retention, and when available, preliminary and/or final analyses including analyses by sex/gender and 

race/ethnicity.

Strategies to ensure uniform implementation of the revised guidelines across the NIH were developed 

through the establishment and deliberations of an NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee made up of 

representatives of the directors of each of the ICs. This trans-NIH committee, convened by the Office of 

Research on Women’s Health (ORWH) and co-chaired with a senior IC official, meets on a regular basis, 

focusing on consistent and widespread adherence to the NIH guidelines by all the ICs. Working in 

collaboration with the Office of Extramural Research (OER), the Office of Intramural Research (OIR), 

and other components of the NIH, the ORWH coordinates the activity of developing and establishing data 

collection and reporting methodologies to ensure uniform standards and definitions in the reporting of 

data on women and minority participants in NIH-funded clinical research. 

To ensure NIH-wide adherence to the revised inclusion guidelines, in 1994 NIH conducted extensive 

training on the revised inclusion guidelines for more than 1,000 NIH staff members with review, program, 

grants management, and/or contract management responsibilities. Additionally, four publications were 

distributed to further reinforce adherence to the revised inclusion guidelines.(5-8) NIH staff, in turn, 

clarified the requirements to applicants, reviewers, and other members of the research community. NIH 

staff members, reviewers, and applicants received written guidance about the requirements that outlined, 

in great detail, the circumstances under which it may be acceptable to use study populations deficient in 

women or minority participants, pointing out that the justification must be compelling and the scientific 

objectives of the research must be maintained. Training was especially important in light of 1990 GAO 

findings that an earlier policy was inconsistently applied and had not been well communicated or 

understood within the NIH or in the research community. 

A variety of outreach activities were initiated to explain the revised policy to the scientific research 

community and to clear up common misunderstandings about the new requirements. Recognizing the 

importance of both recruitment and retention of human subject volunteers, NIH issued several articles(9-10)

and an outreach notebook, entitled Outreach Notebook for the NIH Guidelines on Inclusion of Women 

and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research (http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion/outreach.pdf), that 

outlines elements of outreach processes, offers practical suggestions, and provides references to additional 

sources of information. The outreach notebook is available on the Office of Research on Women’s 

Health Website http://orwh.od.nih.gov. It also includes the full text of the 1994 implementation guidelines 

as well as a questions and answers document to provide more detailed policy guidance and some of the 

more commonly asked questions. The ORWH also has available a full report of its workshop on 

“Recruitment and Retention of Women in Clinical Studies."
79

In June 1994, the ORWH convened a meeting of Institutional Review Board (IRB) chairs to discuss their 

role in implementing the revised policy. In 1996, ORWH reconvened these IRB chairs, along with 

representative members of the ORWH Recruitment and Retention Task Force, other experts, and 

representatives from NIH ICs, to discuss their experiences in implementing the 1994 guidelines. In these 

meetings, investigators expressed a number of lingering concerns, most notably whether it was realistic 

for the law to declare that cost is not a factor in designing clinical studies. Participants also raised 

questions about inclusion of women of childbearing potential, liability in clinical trials, and barriers to the 

recruitment of minority subjects. Other participants, however, noted that their worst fears about the 1994 

guidelines did not materialize, in part because NIH focused on scientific considerations when developing 

its policy. They reported improved collaboration among institutions and emphasized the continued need 

for better outreach and for sharing information about effective recruitment strategies. Many noted the 

importance of considering community concerns, particularly those of minority populations who may feel 

that they are not included in enough research studies or who do not receive research results after 

participating in studies. 

Continuing Implementation and Monitoring Activities: 2000 to the Present 

Following a Congressional request for an assessment of NIH’s progress in implementing the1994 

guidelines on including women in clinical research, the GAO issued another report in May, 2000, entitled 

Women’s Health - NIH Has Increased Its Efforts to Include Women in Research.3 It concluded that in the 

past decade, NIH has made significant progress in implementing a strengthened policy on including 

women in clinical research and highlighted several examples: 

NIH issued guidelines to implement the 1993 NIH Revitalization Act and conducted extensive training 

for scientists and reviewers; 

the review process for extramural research treats the inclusion of women and minorities as a matter of 

scientific merit, affecting a proposal’s eligibility for funding;

the intramural research program now implements the inclusion policy; 

NIH maintains a centralized inclusion tracking data system which serves as a tool for monitoring the 

implementation of the inclusion policy; and 

in fiscal year 1997, more that 62% of participants in NIH-funded clinical research studies were 

women; minority women were also well represented, however, the proportion of Hispanic women 

enrolled was below their proportion in the general population. 

The GAO report also included two specific recommendations to the Director of NIH to ensure the 

following: 

that the requirement be implemented that Phase III clinical trials be designed and carried out to allow 

for the valid analysis of differences between women and men and communicate this requirement to 

applicants as well as requiring peer review groups to determine whether each proposed Phase III 

clinical trial is required to have such a study design, and that summary statements document the 

decision of the initial reviewers; and 

that the NIH staff who transmit data to the inclusion tracking data system receive ongoing training on 

the requirements and purpose of the system. 
80

Immediately following the release of this report, an NIH Subcommittee Reviewing Inclusion Issues was 

formed, consisting of representatives from several ICs, ORWH, OER, and OIR, to reexamine NIH’s 

system for tracking data on the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research, recommend any 

necessary changes to improve its accuracy and performance, and reiterate the NIH policy. Several actions 

resulted to clarify the requirement for NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials to include women and minority 

groups, if scientifically appropriate, and for analysis of sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic differences to be 

planned and conducted by investigators engaged in NIH-funded research. These included: 

In October 2001, the NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as 

Subjects in Clinical Research and Amended Notice to the Guide for Grants and Contracts were 

updated and posted on the Internet with links to the ORWH home page and NIH web page, 

Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy Implementation at: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. These documents supercede the 

1994 Federal Register notice ( http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not94-100.html) and the 

August 2000 notice in the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts 

(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-00-048.html). These updated versions 

incorporate the definition of clinical research as reported in the 1997 Report of the NIH Director’s 

Panel on Clinical Research and the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive 15 racial and 

ethnic categories to be used when reporting population data. They also provide additional guidance 

on reporting analyses of sex/gender and racial/ethnic differences in intervention effects for NIHdefined Phase III clinical trials (See Appendix E). 

The 1997 Report of the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical Research defined clinical research as: 

(1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of 

human origin such as tissues, specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an 

investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this 

definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living 

individual. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) mechanisms of human disease, (b) 

therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, and (d) development of new technologies; (2) 

Epidemiologic and behavioral studies; and (3) Outcomes research and health services 

research http://www.nih.gov/news/crp/97report/execsum.htm

The 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive 15 minimum standards for 

maintaining, collecting and reporting data on race and ethnicity were incorporated into the 

updated Guide Notice for Grants and Contracts. The primary differences from the previous 

categories were: (1) the Hispanic population are considered an ethnicity and reported separately 

from racial data; (2) there is a separate racial category for Asian population data and Hawaiian 

and Pacific Islander population data; and 3) respondents are given the option of selecting more 

than one race. http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html (See Appendix E) 

An NIH Guide Notice was posted on the Internet with a link to the web page, Inclusion of Women 

and Minorities Policy Implementation at: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. This restated that NIHdefined Phase III clinical trials must be designed and conducted in a manner sufficient to allow 

for a valid analysis of whether the variables being studied affect women or members of minority 

groups differently than other subjects. 

A new term and condition of award statement was developed and applied to awards made after 

October 1, 2000 that have NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials. This statement indicates that a 

description of plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic groups 
81

must be included in clinical trial protocols and the results of subset analyses must be reported to NIH 

in Progress Reports, Competitive Renewal Applications (or Contract Renewals/Extensions) and in the 

required Final Progress Report. 

Effective October 1, 2000, language was incorporated in the NIH solicitations for grant applications 

and contract proposals [Program Announcements (PAs), Request for Applications (RFAs), and 

Request for Proposals (RFPs)] that stated the requirements for NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials 

clarifying the requirements that: a) all applications or proposals and/or protocols must provide a 

description of plans to conduct analyses, as appropriate, to address differences by sex/gender and/or 

racial/ethnic groups, including subgroups if applicable, and b) all investigators must report accrual, 

and conduct and report analyses, as appropriate, by sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic group differences. 

In April 2001, guidelines and instructions for reviewers and Scientific Review Administrators (SRAs) 

were developed to emphasize and clarify the need to review research proposals that are classified as 

NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials for both inclusion requirements and issues related to analyses by 

sex/gender and/or race/ethnicity. Instructions were developed for the proper documentation to 

include in summary statements to address adherence to these policies. 

Following completion of the updated guidelines and instructions, training to ensure compliance with 

this policy was provided to NIH program and review officials, grants and contracts management staff, 

and current and prospective research investigators. Several training initiatives were implemented: 

As part of an NIH Symposium: Human Subjects Update, the revised policy on inclusion of 

women and minorities and the revised NIH Instructions to Reviewers Guidelines for Evaluating 

the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research were used as the basis 

for a required training session for NIH staff. The revised training materials are permanently 

archived in the training materials for NIH staff on the NIH OER Intranet. 

An additional training session regarding a Grants Policy Update: Humans and Animals was held in 

December, 2000 where several hundred additional extramural and intramural researchers were trained. 

Additional training materials for NIH staff that addresses the inclusion of human subjects can be found on 

the NIH OER Intranet.

Additional training sessions were held for all NIH program and grants management staff 

The PHS 398 Grant Application was significantly revised to provide additional instructions about the 

Women and Minorities Inclusion Policy and the revised form became mandatory as of May 10, 2005. 

These PHS 398 instructions about the Women and Minorities Inclusion Policy have also been 

included in the new federal application form SF-424 for NIH grants using the federal Grants.gov 

system (see http://era.nih.gov/ElectronicReceipt/). The application instructions included two 

significant changes in definitions. First, the NIH required use of a revised definition of clinical 

research (see below) that was reported in the 1997 Report of the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical 

research and adopted by NIH. Secondly, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive 

15, “Race and Ethnic Standards for Federal Statistics and Administrative Reporting”, revised the 

definitions for the racial and ethnic categories to be used when reporting population data (see: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html). In addition, NIH policy 

reemphasized that that NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials must be designed and conducted in a 

manner to allow for a valid analysis of whether the variables being studied affect women or members 

of minority groups differently than other subjects. 
82

A videocast training session was held on “Sex/Gender and Minority Inclusion in Clinical Research.” 

This session was developed for all program, grants management, review and contract staff who 

administer clinical research and provided information on the updated policies and procedures on 

sex/gender and minority inclusion. A comprehensive training manual explaining the new policies and 

procedures was developed as a training resource. The training session and manual is electronically 

available for all NIH staff. 

Reviewers are instructed on the policy through instructions provided with review materials as well as 

by orientation from the Scientific Review Administrator at the beginning of each SRG meeting. 

Additionally, a training session, “Inclusion of Children, Women, and Minorities: What SRA’s and 

Reviewers Need to Know!” was held for the Center for Scientific Review and highlighted the 

requirements and issues for scientific review staff. 

The Clinical Center now has available a web-based educational module for the comprehensive 

training programs for intramural and other research investigators. All principal investigators are 

required to complete the Clinical Research Training Course for Intramural Investigators or 

equivalent prior to implementing a protocol and consideration is being given to making this a 

requirement for all investigators. 

The NIH has a public web-based educational module also available any investigators and key 

personnel involved in clinical research, whether in the extramural research community or at NIH 

entitled “Human Participant Protections Education for Research Teams” at 

http://cme.cancer.gov/clinicaltrials/learning/humanparticipant-protections.asp.This training course is 

one way for investigators to meet the requirement for human subjects education for all key personnel 

involved in NIH funded human subjects research. 

In 2003, the ORWH sponsored a workshop entitled, “Science Meets Reality: Recruitment and 

Retention of Women in Clinical Studies, and the Critical Role of Relevance.” This workshop 

discussed lessons learned, continuing challenges and emerging ethical and policy issues concerning 

the recruitment and retention of women and other participants in clinical studies over the past decade. 

A copy of the report from the workshop is available on the ORWH website at 

http://orwh.od.nih.gov/pubs/SMR_Final.pdf. 

The Office of Extramural Research (OER) has made available existing training materials on the 

Population tracking system website on the NIH Intranet. Information include: the training workbook, 

“Sex/Gender and Minority Inclusion in Clinical Research”, a series of quick tips and case examples as 

well as the Help section of the Population Tracking module itself. Both OER and IC staff have provided 

training sessions at ICs, and the improvements have been presented to the main NIH functional groups 

representing program, review, policy, grants, budget and administrative support staff, as well as the NIHwide Tracking and Inclusion Committee and the eRA Population Trackng User Group. The availability of 

training documents on the eRA Population Tracking User Group website has been widely distributed to 

NIH extramural staff. A training subcommittee of the full NIH Tracking and Inclusion committee has 

been established to develop new training documents and methods of training for NIH staff and the 

extramural research community during FY2007.

Major changes have been made to the Population tracking system to help NIH staff in monitoring 

compliance with the NIH Inclusion policy. For example, the Population Tracking Grant Snapshot report 

was revised to provide easy access for NIH staff to the population data. Additionally, several Population 

Inclusion reports were added to the NIH Query View Report (QVR) system, thus providing broader 

access to the data. As well, user roles were revised and expanded to all the Division of Extramural 
83

Activities Support (DEAS) staff to assist in the data entry functions. The NIH Population Tracking 

Module for NIH staff was converted into a web-based application for easier access by NIH staff, with 

extensive participation and testing by module users, and the number of users has increased. 

Communication and Outreach Efforts to the Scientific Community 

In addition to training NIH staff on the updated guidelines for monitoring the inclusion of women and 

minorities in clinical research and the purpose of the new tracking system, NIH staff is providing outreach 

to the scientific community to help increase understanding of the revised inclusion policy and OMB 

requirements. These include: 

The slide show, “Sex/Gender and Minority Inclusion in NIH Clinical Research: What Investigators 

Need to Know!” was made available to Institute and Center staff to assist them in working with the 

extramural community. This information was also presented at regional meetings attended by 

extramural scientists and administrators, faculty and students. 

The Outreach Notebook for the NIH Guidelines on Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research was published in the fall of 2002 and is available to the research community and 

NIH staff. This publication discusses the elements of recruitment and retention, the NIH inclusion 

policy, 1997 OMB requirements for reporting race and ethnicity data, as well as information for 

application submission, peer review, and funding. The publication is posted on the ORWH website 

http://orwh.od.nih.gov as well as on the NIH website for the inclusion of women and minorities 

policy implementation at: http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm .

In addition, the Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) for the Inclusion, Recruitment and Retention of 

Women and Minority Subjects in Clinical Research complements the Outreach Notebook and 

provides additional guidance to researchers and NIH staff in a user friendly format. The FAQs is 

posted on the ORWH website http://orwh.od.nih.gov as well as on the NIH website for the inclusion 

of women and minorities policy implementation at: 

http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. 

These training and outreach efforts are designed to improve understanding of the sex/gender and minority 

inclusion policy and assist investigators and NIH staff to appropriately address these issues throughout 

the research grant and contract process. Investigators are instructed to address women and minority 

inclusion issues in the development of their applications and proposals for clinical research. 

Monitoring Compliance: Extramural and Intramural Population Data Analysis 

When assessing inclusion data, enrollment figures should not be directly compared to the national 

census figures. The goal of the NIH policy is not to satisfy any quotas for proportional representation, 

but rather to conduct biomedical and behavioral research in such a manner that the scientific knowledge 

acquired will be generalizable to the entire population of the United States. The numbers of women or 

minority subgroups included in a particular study depends upon the scientific question addressed in the 

study and the prevalence among women and minority subpopulations of the disease, disorder, or 

condition under investigation. Scientific Review Groups are instructed to focus on scientific 

considerations when assessing the planned enrollment for a particular study. 

NIH has monitored aggregate demographic data for study populations through the evolving NIH 

computerized tracking system since fiscal year 1994, and tracking the inclusion of women and minorities 

in clinical studies is well established in all ICs. Members of the NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee 
84

continue to work on ways to refine and improve data collection methods and the quality of the data 

entered by each IC into this system. In May 2002, the NIH deployed a new population tracking system 

for monitoring the inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research. This system provides easier 

data entry and project monitoring for NIH staff, creates clear and timely NIH reports on inclusion data, 

and incorporates the 1997 OMB Office of Management and Budget (OMB) standards for the 

classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. Following the implementation of the population 

tracking module, an eRA Population Tracking User Group consisting of representatives from several ICs, 

was formed to evaluate the system, recommend improvements and modifications, and provide continuous 

feedback related to system use. The re-engineered population tracking system continues to be refined 

based on input from the NIH user community.

NIH has published an on-line user’s guide and began offering 2-hour Population Tracking System 

demonstrations as well as in-depth, hands-on training sessions on the use of the population tracking 

system. The availability of training documents on the eRA Population Tracking User Group website 

has been widely distributed to NIH extramural staff. 

The aggregate data enable the NIH to measure inclusion in order to formulate more specific questions 

about gaps in enrollment and to design studies to respond to those questions. Data compiled in future 

years allows for longitudinal examination of trends and continued monitoring of compliance, although 

this will be more difficult for minority trends because of a change in how these data are collected (see 

next section). 

A review of intramural inclusion data indicates that the intramural research program continues to be 

compliant with the reporting requirements adhered to by the extramural community and outlined in the 

NIH Implementation Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minority Subjects in Research Studies. 

The Clinical Center Medical Executive Committee (MEC) has taken a leading role in assuring that 

investigators conducting clinical research protocols in the Clinical Center are trained and competent in the 

conduct of clinical research. To this end, the MEC designed and endorsed the Standards for Clinical 

Research within the NIH Intramural Research Program. This set of standards, endorsed by the Clinical 

Center's Board of Governors and the NIH Institute Directors, sets forth guidelines for the infrastructure, 

training, education, and monitoring required for safe and effective conduct of clinical research. 

Format Changes for Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data Beginning in FY 2002

The 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive 15 minimum standards for maintaining, 

collecting and reporting data on race and ethnicity directs changes in how data are reported to NIH. The 

FY 2003 and FY 2004 tables describe data using both the 1977 and 1997 OMB standards for reporting 

data on race and ethnicity. Implementation of the 1997 OMB standards involved a number of changes 

including collecting and reporting information on race and ethnicity separately (Hispanic/Latinos are 

considered an ethnicity and reported separately from racial data); using the new definitions and categories 

for ethnicity and race (a separate racial category for Asian population data and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander 

data); and allowing respondents the option of selection more than one race or only one race. 

The 1997 OMB reporting format does not allow direct comparison of ethnic and racial data with similar 

data collected under the 1977 OMB standards because the categories and methods for collecting the data 

are fundamentally different. Changes in the standardization of definitions and business rules across the 

NIH for improving the data entered in the population tracking system are reflected in data reported 

beginning in FY2002. This transition period makes comparisons with prior FY 2002 data difficult. 

However, implementation of these changes will improve the consistency and comparability for future 

reporting. 
85

Conclusion and Current Status 

NIH staff continue to monitor, document, and work with grantees and contractors to ensure compliance 

with the inclusion policy. Program Officials provide technical assistance to investigators as they develop 

their applications and proposal throughout the application process. Review Officials introduce and discuss 

with reviewers the Guidelines/Instructions for reviewing the Inclusion of Women and Minorities in 

Clinical Research as well as the instructions and requirements for designing Phase III Clinical Trials in 

order that valid analyses can be conducted for sex/gender and ethnic/racial differences. At the time of 

award and submission of progress reports, program officials monitor and verify that inclusion policy 

requirements are met. When new and competing continuation applications that are selected for payment 

are deficient in meeting policy requirements, grants management staff and program officials will withhold 

funding until the principal investigator has satisfactorily addressed the policy requirements. 
86

References

1. Public Law 103-43. National Institutes of Health Revitalization Act of 1993. 42 USC 289 (a)(1). 

2. NIH Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research, 59 Fed. 

Reg. 14508-14513 (1994). 

3. Women’s Health: NIH Has Increased Its Efforts to Include Women in Research (GAO/HEHS-00-96, 

May, 2000). 

4. NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical 

Research, NIH Guide for Grants and Contracts, Amended 2001. 

5. Hayunga, E.G., Costello, M.D. Pinn, V.W., Demographics of Study Populations, Applied Clinical 

Trials, Vol. 6, No.1, p. 41-45, 1997. 

6. Hayunga, E.G. and Pinn V.W., Implementing the 1994 NIH Guidelines, Applied Clinical Trials, Vol. 

5, No.10, p. 34-40, 1996. 

7. Hayunga, E.G. and Pinn V.W., NIH Response to Researchers’ Concerns, Applied Clinical Trials, 

Vol.5, No.11, p.59-64, 1996. 

8. LaRosa, J. H., Seto, B., Caban, C.E., Hayunga, E.G., Including Women and Minorities in Clinical 

Research, Applied Clinical Trials, Vol. 4, No.5, p. 31-38, 1995. 

9. McCarthy, C.R., Historical Background of Clinical Trials Involving Women and Minorities, Academic 

Medicine, Vol. 69, No.9, p. 695-698, 1994. 

10.Pinn, V.W., The Role of the NIH’s Office of Research on Women’s Health, Academic Medicine, Vol. 

69, No. 9, p. 698-702, 1994. 

11.Gallin, J, (2002). Principles and Practices of Clinical Research: Chapter 11 NIH Policy on the 

Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects of Clinical Research, Academic Press, San Diego, 

California, pp 146-157. 

For Additional Information on the implementation of the inclusion policy, please visit: 

NIH Office of Extramural Research Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy Implementation Website: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm 

Revitalization Act of 1993, 42 USC 289 (a)(1): http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not94-100.html 

NIH Policy on Reporting Racial and Ethnicity Data: Subjects in Clinical Research, NIH Guide for Grants and 

Contracts Web page: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD-01-053.html 

Office of Research on Women’s Health Website: http://orwh.od.nih.gov/inclusion/inclreports.html
87

Appendix B

Explanation of Sex and Minority Codes

G1A Includes both genders, scientifically acceptable.

G2A Includes only women, scientifically acceptable. 

G3A Includes only men, scientifically acceptable. 

G4A Gender representation unknown, scientifically acceptable.

G1U Includes both genders, but scientifically unacceptable.

G2U Includes only women, scientifically unacceptable. 

G3U Includes only men, scientifically unacceptable. 

G4U Gender representation unknown, scientifically unacceptable.

M1A Includes minorities and non-minorities, scientifically acceptable.

M2A Includes only minorities, scientifically acceptable. 

M3A Includes only non-minorities, scientifically acceptable.

M4A Minority representation unknown, scientifically acceptable.

M1U Includes minorities and non-minorities, but scientifically unacceptable.

M2U Includes only minorities, scientifically unacceptable. 

M3U Includes only non-minorities, scientifically unacceptable.

M4U Minority representation unknown, scientifically unacceptable. 

When an application receives a “U” (unacceptable) code it automatically receives a bar-tofunding as well. If the bar is removed, the “U” is converted to “R” to designate that change in 

status. 
88
89

Appendix C 

NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee Members 

- Full Committee 
90
91

NIH Tracking and Inclusion Committee 

2007-2008 List of Members 

Office of the Director

Office of Research on Women’s Health

Vivian Pinn (Co-Chair), Angela Bates, Janine Smith

Office of Extramural Research

Robin Wagner*, Israel Lederhendler, Katrina Pearson, Maria Koshy, Svetlana Diggs, 

Lakshmi Kompella 

Office of Acquisition, Management and Procurement 

Rosemary Hamill, David Redd 

National Cancer Institute

Gail Blaufarb*, Kim Witherspoon, Clarissa Douglass 

National Eye Institute

Donald Everett*, William Darby 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute

 Carl Roth (Co-Chair)*, Sharry Palagi, Barbara Marzetta 

National Human Genome Research Institute

Joy Boyer* 

National Institute on Aging 

Robin Barr*, Karen Bashir, Nina Silverberg, Marilyn Miller 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

Van Van*, Patricia Powell 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

Diane Adger-Johnson*, Susan Schafer, Diane Yerg, Martin Gutierrez 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases

 Shahnaz Khan*, Frank Cromwell, Ann Nicholson 

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development

 Eugene Hayunga*, Sandi Delcore

* Indicates the IC Lead Representative to the Tracking and Inclusion Committee
92

List of Members, continued...

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders

Castilla McNamara*, Lana Shekim

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research

Trenita Davis*

National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disorders

Karl Malik*, Michelle Johnson, Lauren Meskill, Garman Williams, Karen Salomon

National Institute on Drug Addiction

Christie Espinosa*, Quandra Scudder 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

Martha Barnes* 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Justin Rosenzweig*, Lori Burge, Alison Cole 

National Institute of Mental Health

Kathleen O’Leary*, Dawn Corbett, 

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

 Lynn Morin*, Kristy Woolbert, Aricia Ajose 

National Institute of Nursing Research

Paul Cotton*, Angela Marshall 

National Library of Medicine

Hua-Chuan Sim*, Valerie Florence 

Warren G. Magnuson Clinical Center

Kim Jarema*, Theresa Doged 

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

 April Bower* 

* Indicates the IC Lead Representative to the Tracking and Inclusion Committee
93

List of Members, continued...

National Center for Research Resources

Sheila McClure*, Delores Lee, Patricia Newman, Stephen Seidel, Louise Ramm 

Fogarty International Center

Aron Primack*, Francine Hill 

Center for Scientific Review 

Joy Gibson* 

National Center for Minority Health and Health Disparities

 Nathaniel Stinson*, Derrick Tabor, Francisco Sy 

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering

Valery Gordon*, Anthony Dempsey 

* Indicates the IC Lead Representative to the Tracking and Inclusion Committee 
94
95

Appendix D 

Internet Homepage: 

Inclusion of Women and Minorities Policy 

Implementation 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm
96
97

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES 

NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH 

Office of Extramural Research 

Inclusion of Women and Minorities As Participants In Research 

Involving Human Subjects - Policy Implementation Page

Current Policy Documents and References: 

Sex/Gender and Minority Inclusion in NIH Clinical Research: What Investigators Need to Know!

(11/21/2002) - A PowerPoint slide show highlighting the rationale and major components of the NIH Policy 

on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research, as well as the 1997 OMB 

standards for collecting and presenting data on ethnicity and race. 

Annual Comprehensive Reports on Monitoring Adherence to the NIH Policy on the Inclusion of Women 

and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research - Reports beginning with Fiscal Year 1997 data from the 

ORWH Inclusion of Women in Clinical Research Page. 

10/09/2001 NIH Guide Notice - The NIH Policy on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research was amended October 2001. Click here for a complete copy of the Amended Policy

that provides full explanation of the October 2001 policy notice. 

Inclusion Table (PDF or RTF) - (07/25/2001) - Prior format for reporting sex/gender and race/ethnicity data 

using the 1977 OMB standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. This format is 

superceded by the Target/Planned Enrollment Table and Inclusion Enrollment Reports that use the 1997 

OBM standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. 

What Form Should PIs Use for Population Tracking? (New versus OLD) - (PDF or MS Word) - (08/2003) - 

Information on when to use 05/01 Population Tracking form versus the previous 04/98 version. 

08/08/2001 NIH Guide Notice - NIH Policy on Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data: Subjects in Clinical 

Research. This notice provides additional guidance and instruction for using the revised minimum 

standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting data on race and ethnicity found in the PHS 398 (rev. 

9/04) and PHS 2590 (rev. 9/04) instructions and forms. 

Outreach Notebook and Outreach Frequently Asked Questions - are available to help investigators to 

understand and comply with the NIH's inclusion policies. ORWH collaborated in the preparation and 

publication of these documents in December, 2002.

The Science of Sex and Gender in Human Health Online Course Web Site - This site was developed by 

NIH and FDA for researchers, clinicians, and members of academia to gain a basic scientific 

understanding of the major physiological differences between the sexes, the influences these differences 

have on illness and health outcomes, and the implications for policy, medical research, and health care. 

Continuing medical education credit is available for physicians 

Historical Documents and References:

08/02/2000 NIH Guide Notice - NIH Guidelines on The Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research - Updated August 2, 2000. Changes to the Guidelines, Sections 'III.B. NIH Phase III 

Clinical Trials' and 'V. Definitions' are highlighted in bold type.
98

NIH Guidelines on the Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research - Updated 

August 2, 2000 - A complete text of the Updated Guidelines, with changes to the Guidelines, Sections 

'III.B. NIH Phase III Clinical Trials' and 'V. Definitions' highlighted in bold type. The list of NIH Contacts has 

also been updated. 

03/18/1994 NIH Guide Notice - NIH Guidelines on The Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in 

Clinical Research. 

Weblink: http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm 
99

Appendix E 

NIH Policy and Guidelines on the Inclusion of 

Women and Minorities as 

Subjects in Clinical Research 

(Amended, October, 2001) 
100
101

NIH POLICY AND GUIDELINES ON THE INCLUSION OF WOMEN AND 

MINORITIES AS SUBJECTS IN CLINICAL RESEARCH; Amended, 

October, 2001. 

NOTE: Additional information concerning the NIH Policy on Inclusion of Women and 

Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research is available at 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm . 

SUMMARY: This notice updates the NIH policy on the inclusion of women and minorities as 

subjects in clinical research. It supercedes the 1994 Federal Register notice 

(http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/not94-100.html ) and the August 2000 notice in 

the NIH Guide to Grants and Contracts (http://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/notice-files/NOT-OD00-048.html ). It incorporates the definition of clinical research as reported in the 1997 Report of 

the NIH Director’s Panel on Clinical research. Also, this notice provides additional guidance on 

reporting analyses of sex/gender and racial/ethnic differences in intervention effects for NIHdefined Phase III clinical trials. The guidelines ensure that all NIH-funded clinical research will 

be carried out in a manner sufficient to elicit information about individuals of both sexes/genders 

and diverse racial and ethnic groups and, particularly in NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials, to 

examine differential effects on such groups. Since a primary aim of research is to provide 

scientific evidence leading to a change in health policy or standard of care, it is imperative to 

determine whether the intervention or therapy being studied affects women or men or members 

of minority groups and their subpopulations differently. 

In June 2001, NIH adopted the definition of clinical research as: (1) Patient-oriented research. 

Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as tissues, 

specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts 

with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues 

that cannot be linked to a living individual. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) mechanisms of 

human disease, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical trials, and (d) development of new 

technologies; (2) Epidemiologic and behavioral studies; and (3) Outcomes research and health 

services research http://www.nih.gov/news/crp/97report/execsum.htm . 

EFFECTIVE DATE: This amended policy is effective immediately and applies to all grants and 

cooperative agreements currently active and to be awarded. Contract solicitations issued as of 

October 2001 must adhere to the amended policy. 

I. LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND 

The NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, PL 103-43, signed into law on June 10, 1993, directed the 

NIH to establish guidelines for inclusion of women and minorities in clinical research. 

The statute states that: 

In conducting or supporting clinical research for the purposes of this title, the Director of NIH 

shall ... ensure that (a) women are included as subjects in each project of such research; and (b) 

members of minority groups are included in such research. 492B(a)(1) 

The statute further directed the NIH to establish guidelines to specify: 
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(a) the circumstances under which the inclusion of women and minorities as subjects in projects 

of clinical research is inappropriate YY; (b) the manner in which clinical trials are required to be 

designed and carried out YY; and (c) the operation of outreach programs YY 492B(d)(1) 

The statute defines "clinical research" to include "clinical trials" and states that: 

In the case of any clinical trial in which women or members of minority groups will be included 

as subjects, the Director of NIH shall ensure that the trial is designed and carried out in a manner 

sufficient to provide for valid analysis of whether the variables being studied in the trial affect 

women or members of minority groups, as the case may be, differently than other subjects in the 

trial. 492B(c) 

Specifically addressing the issue of minority groups, the statute states that: 

The term "minority group" includes subpopulations of minority groups. The Director of NIH 

shall, through the guidelines established...define the terms "minority group" and "subpopulation" 

for the purposes of the preceding sentence. 492B(g)(2) 

The statute speaks specifically to outreach and states that: 

The Director of NIH, in consultation with the Director of the Office of Research on Women's 

Health and the Director of the Office of Research on Minority Health, shall conduct or support 

outreach programs for the recruitment of women and members of minority groups as subjects in 

the projects of clinical research. 492B(a)(2) 

The statute includes a specific provision pertaining to the cost of clinical research and, in 

particular clinical trials. 

(A)(i) In the case of a clinical trial, the guidelines shall provide that the costs of such inclusion in 

the trial is (sic) not a permissible consideration in determining whether such inclusion is 

inappropriate. 492B(d)(2) 

(ii) In the case of other projects of clinical research, the guidelines shall provide that the costs of 

such inclusion in the project is (sic) not a permissible consideration in determining whether such 

inclusion is inappropriate unless the data regarding women or members of minority groups, 

respectively, that would be obtained in such project (in the event that such inclusion were 

required) have been or are being obtained through other means that provide data of comparable 

quality. 492B(d)(2) 

Exceptions to the requirement for inclusion of women and minorities are stated in the statute, as 

follows: 

The requirements established regarding women and members of minority groups shall not apply 

to the project of clinical research if the inclusion, as subjects in the project, of women and 

members of minority groups, respectively- 

(1) is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects; (2) is inappropriate with respect to 

the purpose of the research; or (3) is inappropriate under such other circumstances as the 

Director of NIH may designate. 492B(b) 
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(B) In the case of a clinical trial, the guidelines may provide that such inclusion in the trial is not 

required if there is substantial scientific data demonstrating that there is no significant difference 

between- 

(i) the effects that the variables to be studied in the trial have on women or members of minority 

groups, respectively; and 

(ii) the effects that the variables have on the individuals who would serve as subjects in the trial 

in the event that such inclusion were not required. 492B(d)(2) 

II. POLICY 

A. Inclusion of Women and Minorities as Subjects in Clinical Research 

It is the policy of NIH that women and members of minority groups and their subpopulations 

must be included in all NIH-funded clinical research, unless a clear and compelling rationale and 

justification establishes to the satisfaction of the relevant Institute/Center Director that inclusion 

is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects or the purpose of the research. 

Exclusion under other circumstances may be made by the Director, NIH, upon the 

recommendation of an Institute/Center Director based on a compelling rationale and justification. 

Cost is not an acceptable reason for exclusion except when the study would duplicate data from 

other sources. Women of childbearing potential should not be routinely excluded from 

participation in clinical research. This policy applies to research subjects of all ages in all NIHsupported clinical research studies. 

The inclusion of women and members of minority groups and their subpopulations must be 

addressed in developing a research design or contract proposal appropriate to the scientific 

objectives of the study/contract. The research plan/proposal should describe the composition of 

the proposed study population in terms of sex/gender and racial/ethnic group, and provide a 

rationale for selection of such subjects. Such a plan/proposal should contain a description of the 

proposed outreach programs for recruiting women and minorities as participants. 

B. NIH-defined Phase III Clinical Trials: Planning, Conducting, and Reporting of Analyses for 

Sex/Gender and Race/Ethnicity Differences. 

When an NIH-defined Phase III clinical trial is proposed, evidence must be reviewed to show 

whether or not clinically important sex/gender and race/ethnicity differences in the intervention 

effect are to be expected. This evidence may include, but is not limited to, data derived from 

prior animal studies, clinical observations, metabolic studies, genetic studies, pharmacology 

studies, and observational, natural history, epidemiology and other relevant studies. 

Investigators must consider the following when planning, conducting, analyzing, and reporting 

an NIH-Defined Phase III clinical trial. Based on prior studies, one of the three situations below 

will apply: 

1. Prior Studies Support the Existence of Significant Differences 

If the data from prior studies strongly support the existence of significant differences of clinical 

or public health importance in intervention effect based on sex/gender, racial/ethnic, and relevant 

subpopulation comparisons, the primary question(s) to be addressed by the proposed NIH-
104

defined Phase III clinical trial and the design of that trial must specifically accommodate this. 

For example, if men and women are thought to respond differently to an intervention, then the 

Phase III clinical trial must be designed to answer two separate primary questions, one for men 

and the other for women, with adequate sample size for each. 

The Research Plan (for grant applications) or Proposal (for contract solicitations) must include a 

description of plans to conduct analyses to detect significant differences in intervention effect 

(see DEFINITIONS - Significant Difference) by sex/gender, racial/ethnic groups, and relevant 

subpopulations, if applicable. The final protocol(s) approved by the Institutional Review Board 

(IRB) must include these plans for analysis. The award will require that for each funded 

protocol, investigators must report in their annual Progress Report cumulative subject accrual 

and progress in conducting analyses for sex/gender and race/ethnicity differences. If final 

analyses of sex/gender and race/ethnicity are not available at the time of the Final Progress 

Report or Competing Continuation for the grant, a justification and plan ensuring completion and 

reporting of the analyses are required. If final analyses are required as part of the contract, these 

analyses must be included as part of the deliverables. These requirements will be cited in the 

terms and conditions of all awards for grants, cooperative agreements and contracts supporting 

NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials. 

Inclusion of the results of sex/gender, race/ethnicity and relevant subpopulations analyses is 

strongly encouraged in all publication submissions. If these analyses reveal no differences, a 

brief statement to that effect, indicating the groups and/or subgroups analyzed, will suffice. 

2. Prior Studies Support No Significant Differences 

If the data from prior studies strongly support no significant differences of clinical or public 

health importance in intervention effect based on sex/gender, racial/ethnic and/or relevant 

subpopulation comparisons, then sex/gender and race/ethnicity will not be required as subject 

selection criteria. However, the inclusion and analysis of sex/gender and/or racial/ethnic 

subgroups is still strongly encouraged. 

3. Prior Studies Neither Support nor Negate Significant Differences 

If the data from prior studies neither strongly support nor strongly negate the existence of 

significant differences of clinical or public health importance in intervention effect based on 

sex/gender, racial/ethnic, and relevant subpopulation comparisons, then the NIH-defined Phase 

III clinical trial will be required to include sufficient and appropriate entry of sex/gender and 

racial/ethnic participants, so that valid analysis of the intervention effects can be performed. 

However, the trial will not be required to provide high statistical power for these comparisons. 
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The Research Plan (for grant applications) or Proposal (for contract solicitations) must include a 

description of plans to conduct valid analysis (see DEFINITIONS - Valid Analysis) by 

sex/gender, racial/ethnic groups, and relevant subpopulations, if applicable. The final protocol(s) 

approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) must include these plans for analysis. The 

award will require that for each funded protocol, investigators must report in their annual 

Progress Report cumulative subject accrual and progress in conducting analyses for sex/gender 

and race/ethnicity differences. If final analyses of sex/gender and race/ethnicity are not available 

at the time of the Final Progress Report or Competing Continuation for the grant, a justification 

and plan ensuring completion and reporting of the analyses are required. If final analyses are 

required as part of the contract, these analyses must be included as part of the deliverables. These 

requirements will be cited in the terms and conditions of all awards for grants, cooperative 

agreements and contracts supporting NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials. 

Inclusion of the results of sex/gender, race/ethnicity and relevant subpopulations analyses is 

strongly encouraged in all publication submissions. If these analyses reveal no differences, a 

brief statement to that effect, indicating the groups and/or subgroups analyzed, will suffice. 

For all three situations, cost is not an acceptable reason for exclusion of women and minorities 

from clinical trials. 

III. ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES 

While this policy applies to all applicants/offerors for NIH-supported clinical research, certain 

individuals and groups have special roles and responsibilities with regard to its implementation. 

1. NIH Staff 

The NIH staff provide educational opportunities for the extramural and intramural communities 

concerning this policy; monitor its implementation during the development, review, award and 

conduct of research; and manage the NIH research portfolio to comply with the policy. 

2. Principal Investigators 

Principal investigators should assess the theoretical and/or scientific linkages between 

sex/gender, race/ethnicity, and their topic of study. Following this assessment, the principal 

investigator and the applicant/offeror institution will address the policy in each application and 

proposal, providing the required information on inclusion of women and minorities and their 

subpopulations in clinical research projects, and any required justifications for exceptions to the 

policy. 

For foreign awards and domestic awards with a foreign component, the NIH policy on inclusion 

of women and minority groups in research is the same as that for research conducted in the U.S. 

If there is scientific rationale for examining subpopulation group differences within the foreign 

population, investigators should consider designing their studies to accommodate these 

differences. 

Investigators and their staff(s) are urged to develop appropriate and culturally sensitive outreach 

programs and activities commensurate with the goals of the study or objectives of the contract. 

The objective should be to actively recruit and retain the most diverse study population 

consistent with the purposes of the research project. Indeed, the purpose should be to establish a 
106

relationship between the investigator(s) and staff(s) and populations and community(ies) of 

interest such that mutual benefit is derived for participants in the study. Investigator(s) should 

take precautionary measures to ensure that ethical issues are considered, such that there is 

minimal possibility of coercion or undue influence in the incentives or rewards offered in 

recruiting into or retaining participants in studies. 

To assist investigators and potential study participants, NIH staff have prepared educational 

materials, including a notebook titled the, "NIH Outreach Notebook On the Inclusion of Women 

and Minorities in Biomedical and Behavioral Research." The notebook as well as the Frequently 

Asked Questions document, are located at the following URL: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm

3. Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) 

It is the responsibility of the IRBs to address the ethical issues as outlined in Section IV(2) for 

Principal Investigators. As the IRBs implement the regulation for the protection of human 

subjects as described in Title 45 CFR Part 46, "Protection of Human Subjects", 

http://ohrp.osophs.dhhs.gov/humansubjects/guidance/45cfr46.htm they must also attend to the 

guidelines for the inclusion of women and minorities and their subpopulations in clinical 

research. They should take into account the Food and Drug Administration's "Guidelines for the 

Study and Evaluation of Gender Differences in the Clinical Evaluation of Drugs," Vol. 58 

Federal Register 39406 http://www.fda.gov/cder/guidance/old036fn.pdf. 

4. Peer Review Groups 

In conducting peer review for scientific and technical merit, appropriately constituted initial 

review groups (including study sections), technical evaluation groups, and intramural review 

panels are instructed, as follows: 

to evaluate the proposed plan for the inclusion of minorities and both genders for 

appropriate representation or to evaluate the proposed justification when 

representation is limited or absent, 

to evaluate the proposed exclusion of minorities and women on the basis that a 

requirement for inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the health of the subjects, 

to evaluate the proposed exclusion of minorities and women on the basis that a 

requirement for inclusion is inappropriate with respect to the purpose of the research, 

to determine whether the design of clinical trials is adequate to measure differences 

when warranted, 

to evaluate the plans for valid analysis for NIH-defined Phase III clinical trials, 

to evaluate the plans for recruitment/outreach for study participants, and 

to include these criteria as part of the scientific assessment and evaluation. 

The review instructions for grants are available on line at the following URL: 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/peer/hs_review_inst.pdf 
107

For contracts, the contracting officer will provide instructions for contract reviewers. Further 

information on instructions for contracts may be obtained at the following URL: 

http://oa.od.nih.gov/oamp/index.html. 

Or contact: 

National Institutes of Health, Division of Acquisition Policy and Evaluation, Office of 

Acquisition Management and Policy, 6100 Executive Boulevard, Room 6C01, Phone: 301-496-

6014Fax: 301- 402-1199 

5. NIH Advisory Councils 

In addition to other responsibilities for review of projects where the peer review groups have 

raised questions about the appropriate inclusion of women and minorities, the Advisory 

Council/Board of each Institute/Center shall prepare biennial reports, for inclusion in the overall 

NIH Director's biennial report, describing the manner in which the Institute/Center has complied 

with the provisions of the statute. 

6. Institute/Center Directors 

Institute/Center Directors and their staff shall ensure compliance with the policy. 

7. NIH Director 

The NIH Director may approve, on a case-by-case basis, the exclusion of projects, as 

recommended by the Institute/Center Director, that may be inappropriate to include within the 

requirements of these guidelines on the basis of circumstances other than the health of the 

subjects, the purpose of the research, or costs. 

IV. DEFINITIONS

Throughout the section of the statute pertaining to the inclusion of women and minorities, terms 

are used which require definition for the purpose of implementing these guidelines. These terms, 

drawn directly from the statute, are defined below. 

A. Clinical Research 

Clinical research is defined as: 

(1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human 

origin such as tissues, specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or 

colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro 

studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living individual. Patient-oriented 

research includes: (a) mechanisms of human disease, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) clinical 

trials, and (d) development of new technologies, (2) Epidemiologic and behavioral studies, (3) 

Outcomes research and health services research. 

http://www.nih.gov/news/crp/97report/execsum.htm

B. NIH-defined Clinical Trial 

For the purpose of these guidelines, an NIH-defined "clinical trial" is a broadly based prospective 

Phase III clinical investigation, usually involving several hundred or more human subjects, for 
108

the purpose of evaluating an experimental intervention in comparison with a standard or control 

intervention or comparing two or more existing treatments. Often the aim of such investigation is 

to provide evidence leading to a scientific basis for consideration of a change in health policy or 

standard of care. The definition includes pharmacologic, non-pharmacologic, and behavioral 

interventions given for disease prevention, prophylaxis, diagnosis, or therapy. Community trials 

and other population-based intervention trials are also included. 

C. Valid Analysis 

The term "valid analysis" means an unbiased assessment. Such an assessment will, on average, 

yield the correct estimate of the difference in outcomes between two groups of subjects. Valid 

analysis can and should be conducted for both small and large studies. A valid analysis does not 

need to have a high statistical power for detecting a stated effect. The principal requirements for 

ensuring a valid analysis of the question of interest are: 

allocation of study participants of both sexes/genders (males and females) and 

different racial/ethnic groups to the intervention and control groups by an unbiased 

process such as randomization, 

unbiased evaluation of the outcome(s) of study participants, and 

use of unbiased statistical analyses and proper methods of inference to estimate and 

compare the intervention effects among the sex/gender and racial/ethnic groups. 

D. Significant Difference 

For purposes of this policy, a "significant difference" is a difference that is of clinical or public 

health importance, based on substantial scientific data. This definition differs from the 

commonly used "statistically significant difference," which refers to the event that, for a given 

set of data, the statistical test for a difference between the effects in two groups achieves 

statistical significance. Statistical significance depends upon the amount of information in the 

data set. With a very large amount of information, one could find a statistically significant, but 

clinically small difference that is of very little clinical importance. Conversely, with less 

information one could find a large difference of potential importance that is not statistically 

significant. 

E. Racial and Ethnic Categories 

1. Minority Groups 

A minority group is a readily identifiable subset of the U.S. population that is distinguished by 

racial, ethnic, and/or cultural heritage. 

The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Directive No. 15 

http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/ombdir15.html defines minimum standards for 

maintaining, collecting and presenting data on race and ethnicity for all Federal reporting. NIH is 

required to use these definitions to allow comparisons to other federal databases, especially the 
109

census and national health databases. The categories in this classification are social-political 

constructs and should not be interpreted as anthropological in nature. 

When an investigator is planning data collection on race and ethnicity, these categories shall be 

used. The collection of greater detail is encouraged. However, more detailed items should be 

designed in a way that they can be aggregated into these required categories. Using respondent 

self-report or self-identification to collect an individual’s data on ethnicity and race, investigators 

should use two separate questions with ethnicity information collected first followed by the 

option to select more than one racial designation. Respondents shall be offered the opportunity to 

select more than one racial designation. When data are collected separately, provision shall be 

made to report the number of respondents in each racial category who are Hispanic or Latino. 

The following definitions apply for ethnic categories. 

Hispanic or Latino - a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or 

other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. The term "Spanish origin" can also be used in 

addition to "Hispanic or Latino." 

Not Hispanic or Latino 

The following definitions apply for racial categories. 

American Indian or Alaska Native - a person having origins in any of the original peoples of 

North, Central, or South America, and who maintains tribal affiliations or community 

attachment. 

Asian - a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or 

the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, 

Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. (Note: Individuals from the Philippine 

Islands have been recorded as Pacific Islanders in previous data collection strategies.) 

Black or African American - a person having origins in any of the black racial groups of 

Africa. Terms such as "Haitian" or "Negro" can be used in addition to "Black or African

American." 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander - a person having origins in any of the original 

peoples of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. 

2. Majority Group 

White - a person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or 

North Africa. 

NIH recognizes the diversity of the U.S. population and that changing demographics are 

reflected in the changing racial and ethnic composition of the population. The terms "minority 

groups" and "minority subpopulations" are meant to be inclusive, rather than exclusive, of 

differing racial and ethnic categories. 

3. Subpopulations 

Each racial and ethnic group contains subpopulations that are delimited by geographic origins, 

national origins and/or cultural differences. It is recognized that there are different ways of 
110

defining and reporting racial and ethnic subpopulation data. The subpopulation to which an 

individual is assigned depends on self-reporting of specific origins and/or cultural heritage. 

Attention to subpopulations also applies to individuals who self identify with more than one race 

or ethnicity. Researchers should be cognizant of the possibility that these racial/ethnic 

combinations may have biomedical, behavioral, and/or social-cultural implications related to the 

scientific question under study. 

F. Outreach Strategies 

These are outreach efforts by investigators and their staff(s) to appropriately recruit and retain 

populations of interest into research studies. Such efforts should represent a thoughtful and 

culturally sensitive plan of outreach and generally include involvement of other individuals and 

organizations relevant to the populations and communities of interest, e.g., family, religious 

organizations, community leaders and informal gatekeepers, and public and private institutions 

and organizations. The objective is to establish appropriate lines of communication and 

cooperation to build mutual trust and cooperation such that both the study and the participants 

benefit from such collaboration. 

V. NIH CONTACTS FOR MORE INFORMATION 

The following senior extramural staff from the NIH Institutes and Centers may be contacted for 

further information about the policy and relevant Institute/Center programs: 

Robin A. Barr, D. Phil. 

National Institute on Aging 

Gateway Building, Room 2C218 

7201 Wisconsin Avenue, MSC 9205 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9205 (20814 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301-496-9322 

Email: BarrR@mail.nih.gov

Howard B. Moss, M.D. 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 

5635 Fishers Lane #3097 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9304 (20852 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301.402.0944 

Email: mossh@mail.nih.gov

Anna Ramsey-Ewing, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 

6700B Rockledge Drive 

Room 2144 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: 301-435-8536 

Email: arewing@mail.nih.gov
111

Madeline Turkeltaub, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

6701 Democracy Blvd. Suite 800 

Bethesda, MD. 20892 

Telephone: 301-594-5058 

Email: Mturkeltaub@mail.nih.gov

Anthony Demsey, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering 

6707 Democracy Blvd. 

Suite 200, Rm. 241 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: (301)402-7039 

Email: demseya@mail.nih.gov

Paulette S. Gray, Ph.D. 

National Cancer Institute 

6116 Executive Blvd., Room 8001 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: 301/496-5147 

Email: grayp@mail.nih.gov

Eugene Hayunga, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 

6100 Executive Boulevard, Room 2C01, MSC 7510 

Bethesda, MD 20892-7510

Telephone: (301) 435-6856 

Email: hayungae@mail.nih.gov

Castilla F. McNamara, Ph.D., M.P.A. 

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders 

EPS 400B, 6120 Executive Blvd., 

Rockville, MD 20852 

Telephone: 301 402-0909 

Email: McNamara@mail.nih.gov

Norman S. Braveman, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research 

Building 31, Room 5B55 

Bethesda, MD 20852 

Telephone: (301) 594-2089 

Email: Norman.Braveman@nih.gov
112

Brent Stanfield, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

6707 Democracy Blvd, Room 715 

Bethesda, MD 20892-5456 

Telephone: 301-594-8843 

Email: stanfibr@mail.nih.gov

Teresa Levitin, Ph.D. 

National Institute on Drug Abuse, 

6101 Executive Boulevard, Rm. 220, MSC 8401 

Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8401 

Telephone: (301) 443-2755 

Email: tlevitin@mail.nih.gov

Dennis Lang, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 

NIH P.O. Box 12233, MD EC20 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 

Telephone: 919-541-7729 

Email: lang4@mail.nih.gov

Paivi H. Miskala, M.S.P.H., Ph.D. 

National Eye Institute 

5635 Fishers Lane, Suite 1300, MSC 9300 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9300 

Telephone 301-451-2020 

Email miskalap@mail.nih.gov

Alison Cole, Ph.D. 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

Natcher Building 

Building 45, Room 2AS49K 

Bethesda, MD 20892-6200 

Telephone: (301) 594-3827 

Email: coleal@mail.nih.gov

Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC 7922 

Bethesda, MD 20892-7922 (20817 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301 435-0260 

Email: mockrins@mail.nih.gov
113

Bettie J. Graham, Ph.D. 

National Human Genome Research Institute 

Suite 4076 MSC 9305 

5635 Fishers Lane 

National Institutes of Health 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9305 (20852 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301-496-7531 

EMail: grahambyj@mail.nih.gov

Sherman Ragland 

National Institute of Mental Health 

Neuroscience Building 

6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8128 

Bethesda, MD 20852 

Telephone: (301)443-2847 

Email: sragland@mail.nih.gov

Frances Yee, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 

6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 2227, MSC 9520 

Bethesda, MD 20892- 9525 

Telephone: 301-496-9135 

Email: yeef@mail.nih.gov

Barbara A. Smothers, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Nursing Research 

6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 710 

Bethesda MD 20892-4870 

Telephone: 301-594-5976 

EMail: bsmother@mail.nih.gov

Valerie Florance, Ph.D. 

National Library of Medicine 

Rockledge 1, Suite 301 

6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: 301.594.4882 

Email: floranv@mail.nih.gov

April I. Bower RN, MS 

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 

6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 401 

Bethesda MD 20892 USA 

Telephone: 301-451-3560 

Email: bowera@mail.nih.gov
114

Derrick C. Tabor, Ph.D., 

National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities 

6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 800 

Bethesda, MD 20892-5465 

Telephone: (301) 402-1366 

Email: tabord@mail.nih.gov

Shelia McClure, Ph.D. 

National Center for Research Resources 

6701 Democracy Blvd., Rm 932 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: (301) 451-6536 

Email: mcclurSh@mail.nih.gov

Barbara Sina, Ph.D. 

Fogarty International Center 

Building 31 Room B2C39 

Bethesda, MD 20892-2220 

Telephone: (301) 402-9467 

Email: sinab@mail.nih.gov
115

Appendix F 

NIH Policy on 

Reporting Race and Ethnicity Data: 

Subjects in Clinical Research 
116
117

NIH POLICY ON REPORTING RACE AND ETHNICITY DATA: SUBJECTS IN 

CLINICAL RESEARCH 

Release Date: August 8, 2001 

NOTICE: NOT-OD-01-053 

National Institutes of Health 

POLICY: The NIH has adopted the 1997 Office of Management and Budget (OMB) revised 

minimum standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting data on race and ethnicity for all 

grant applications, contract and intramural proposals and for all active research grants, 

cooperative agreements, contract and intramural projects. The minimum standards are described 

in the 1997 OMB Directive 15, http://www.whitehouse.gov/OMB/fedreg/ombdir15.html. 

SUMMARY: This document provides additional guidance and instruction for using the revised 

minimum standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting data on race and ethnicity found 

in the PHS 398 (rev. 5/01) and PHS 2590 (rev.5/01) instructions and forms 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/forms.htm. Comparable information will be provided in research and 

development contract solicitations and awards for intramural projects. This document should be 

used in conjunction with the instructions in the PHS 398 and PHS 2590 instructions and forms. 

The 1997 OMB revised minimum standards include two ethnic categories (Hispanic or Latino, 

and Not Hispanic or Latino) and five racial categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, 

Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White). The 

categories in this classification are social-political constructs and should not be interpreted as 

being anthropological in nature. Using self-reporting or self-identification to collect an 

individual’s data on ethnicity and race, investigators should use two separate questions with 

ethnicity information collected first followed by the option to select more than one racial 

designation. 

Collection of this information and use of these categories is required for research that meets the 

NIH definition of clinical research. 

EFFECTIVE DATE: This policy applies to all new applications and proposals, annual progress 

reports, competing continuation applications, competing supplement applications for research 

grants, contracts, and intramural projects as of January 10, 2002. 

I. Revised Minimum Standards for Maintaining, Collecting, and Presenting Federal Data on 

Race and Ethnicity 

The following are the ethnic and racial definitions for the minimum standard categories (1997 

OMB Directive 15). 

Ethnic Categories: 
118

Hispanic or Latino: A person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or 

other Spanish culture or origin, regardless of race. The term “Spanish origin” can also be used in 

addition to “Hispanic or Latino.” 

Not Hispanic or Latino 

Racial Categories: 

American Indian or Alaska Native: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of 

North, Central, or South America, and who maintains tribal affiliations or community 

attachment. 

Asian: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or 

the Indian subcontinent including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, 

Pakistan, the Philippine Islands, Thailand, and Vietnam. (Note: Individuals from the Philippine 

Islands have been recorded as Pacific Islanders in previous data collection strategies.) 

Black or African American: A person having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa. 

Terms such as “Haitian” or “Negro” can be used in addition to “Black or African American.” 

Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander: A person having origins in any of the original peoples 

of Hawaii, Guam, Samoa, or other Pacific Islands. 

White: A person having origins in any of the original peoples of Europe, the Middle East, or 

North Africa. 

Using respondent self-report or self-identification to collect an individual’s data on ethnicity and 

race, investigators should use two separate questions with ethnicity information collected first 

followed by the option to select more than one racial designation. 

When reporting these data in the aggregate, investigators should report: (a) the number of 

respondents in each ethnic category; (b) the number of respondents who selected only one 

category for each of the five racial categories; (c) the total number of respondents who selected 

multiple racial categories reported as the “number selecting more than one race”; and, (d) the 

number of respondents in each racial category who are Hispanic or Latino. Investigators may 

provide the detailed distributions, including all possible combinations, of multiple responses to 

the racial designations as additional information. However, more detailed items should be 

designed in a way that they can be aggregated into the required categories for reporting purposes. 

NIH is required to use these definitions to allow comparisons to other federal databases, 

especially the census and national health databases. Federal agencies will not present data on 

detailed categories if doing so would compromise data quality or confidentiality standards. 
119

II. Guidance on Reporting Ethnicity/Race and Sex/Gender in Clinical Research 

NIH requires all grants, contracts, and intramural projects conducting clinical research to address 

the Inclusion of Women and Minorities (see 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm). NIH defines clinical 

research as: (1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on 

material of human origin such as tissues, specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an 

investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with human subjects. Excluded from this definition 

are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to a living individual. Patientoriented research includes: (a) mechanisms of human disease, (b) therapeutic interventions, (c) 

clinical trials, or (d) development of new technologies. (2) Epidemiologic and behavioral studies. 

(3) Outcomes research and health services research. 

New Applications (type 1), Competing Continuations (type 2), Requests for Proposals, and 

Intramural Projects 

Submitting Applications or Proposals Involving the Collection of New/Additional Data in 

Clinical Research: 

Investigators are instructed to provide plans for the total number of subjects proposed for the 

study and to provide the distribution by ethnic/racial categories and sex/gender. This information 

must be reported using the newly revised categories and according to the new format provided in 

the Targeted/Planned Enrollment table 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/enrollment.pdf 

Submitting Applications or Proposals Using Existing Data in Clinical Research with No Plans 

for Collecting New/Additional Data: 

Investigators are instructed to provide plans for the total number of subjects proposed for the 

study and to provide the distribution by ethnic/racial categories and sex/gender. Under these 

circumstances, investigators are not required to re-contact subjects solely to comply with the 

newly revised categories. If the existing data on ethnicity and race allows accurate 

correspondence with the new categories, the investigator can use the format in the 

Targeted/Planned Enrollment table. However, if the existing data do not allow accurate 

correspondence with the new categories, information may be reported using the former 

categories and according to the format in the 4/98 Version of the Inclusion Table 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/InclusionOld_Form.pdf 

Annual Progress Reports (type 5) and Competing Supplement Applications 

In Annual Progress Reports and Competing Supplement Applications, investigators conducting 

clinical research are required to provide the cumulative total enrollment of subjects to-date (as 

well as any proposed additions to the Targeted/Planned enrollment in the case of Competing 

Supplement Applications) and to present the distribution by ethnic/racial categories and 

sex/gender. 
120

If Data Collection is Ongoing, Such that New Subjects Will be Enrolled and/or Additional Data 

Will be Collected from Human Subjects: 

Investigators may choose to report ethnicity/race and sex/gender sample composition using 

EITHER the format in the former 4/98 Version of the Inclusion Table OR the new Inclusion 

Enrollment Report http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/enrollmentreport.pdf [Note: If 

investigators with on-going data collection choose to report information using the new Inclusion 

Enrollment Report, they must continue to use this format for the remaining years of the project.] 

If Data Collection is Complete, Such that No New/Additional Subject Contact is Planned: 

Investigators may EITHER continue to report using the former categories and according to the 

4/98 Version of the Inclusion Table, OR, if data allow accurate correspondence with the new 

categories, use the format in the new Inclusion Enrollment Report. 

III. Frequently Asked Questions 

1. What categories should I use in my application to estimate race and ethnicity, given the new 

OMB standards? 

Investigators should use the categories described in the PHS 398 instructions and listed in the 

table “Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table” for New Applications. First, the investigator should 

report the anticipated total number of males and females to be enrolled by Ethnicity (Hispanic or 

Latino, Not Hispanic or Latino). Then, the investigator should report the anticipated total number 

of males and females by Racial Categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Native 

Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, Black or African American, White). The total number of 

subjects in the Ethnic Category section of the table should equal the total number of subjects in 

the Racial Categories section. Investigators do not need to estimate the anticipated number of 

individuals reporting multiple racial categories (either total number reporting multiple categories 

or number reporting specific combinations) for New Applications. However, the investigator 

must follow the OMB guidelines, which include allowing respondents to select multiple race 

categories, once data collection commences. 

2. What if my new application involves analyzing secondary data in which the race and ethnicity 

categories do not comply with the new OMB guidelines? 

If an investigator is using secondary data sets that do not conform to the new OMB guidelines 

and does not plan to collect any new/additional data from the subjects, this should be noted in the 

New Application. In this circumstance, the investigator should complete the “Targeted/Planned 

Enrollment Table” for a New Application and the “Inclusion Enrollment Report” for 

Continuation Applications, Competing Supplement Applications, and Annual Grant Progress 

Reports if the data allow. However, if the existing data do not allow accurate correspondence 

with the new categories, the investigator should report the information using the prior categories 

and use the 4/98 Version of the Inclusion Table. 
121

3. There are many ways of tabulating the multiple race and ethnicity responses, particularly since 

the race and ethnicity categories are not mutually exclusive. Do the numbers I report have to 

“add up”? 

The numbers in several parts of the two tables must be the same. In both the “Targeted/Planned 

Enrollment Table” for a New Application and the “Inclusion Enrollment Report” for 

Continuation Applications, Competing Supplement Applications, and Annual Progress Reports, 

the sum in “Ethnic Category: Total of All Subjects” must equal the sum in “Racial Categories: 

Total of All Subjects.” In addition, the “Racial Categories: Total Hispanics or Latinos” in Part B 

of the “Inclusion Enrollment Report Table” must equal the Total Hispanic or Latino number 

reported in Part A of the “Inclusion Enrollment Report.” Footnotes in the tables clearly identify 

which numbers must be the same. 

4. Can I use the Targeted/Planned Enrollment Table or the Enrollment Inclusion Report to 

collect data from individuals? 

Neither the Targeted/Planned Enrollment Tablet nor the Enrollment Inclusion Report should be 

used for collecting data from individuals. These tables are only to be used for reporting aggregate 

data. 

To collect data from an individual respondent, investigators should use respondent self-report or 

self-identification and use two separate questions. The first question should be about ethnicity, 

followed by a question that provides the option of selecting one or more racial designations. An 

example of a format for collecting information from an individual can be found in the “Ethnic 

Origin and Race” section of the Personal Data Form Page in the PHS 398 (rev. 5/01) 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/phs398/personal.pdf

5. Can I ask more detailed questions about ethnicity and race than these guidelines indicate? 

The revised OMB guidelines provide minimal standards for data collection. Indeed, researchers 

are encouraged to explore collecting additional types of information on race and ethnicity that 

will provide additional insights into the relationships between race and ethnicity and health. For 

example, after asking the ethnicity and then the race questions, researchers may opt to ask study 

participants who choose multiple categories to identify the group that they identify with 

primarily. Further questions identifying membership in subpopulations within the ethnic and 

racial categories provided by OMB may also be considered. The scientific question being 

addressed in the study should guide investigators’ decisions regarding collection of any 

additional information on ethnicity or race. Information on subpopulations may be reported by 

listing the information in an attachment to the required table. 

6. I have already begun data collection and my categories do not comply with the new OMB 

standards. Do I need to change my questions on race and ethnicity in the middle of the study? 

If data collection has already begun, we do not expect investigators to change their questions on 

race and ethnicity prior to the completion of the study. For Annual Progress Reports, in this 

circumstance, investigators should note that the research project was initiated prior to the 
122

implementation of the new reporting guidelines. If the data do not accurately correspond with the 

new categories, the investigator may continue to use the format in the 4/98 Version of the 

Inclusion Table. 

7. I began data collection prior to the new standards, but my race and ethnicity questions comply 

with the new standards. I submitted my original estimates of the study composition using the old 

standards. How should I present the data in the progress report? 

If you began your data collection prior to the implementation of the new standards but your 

questions on race and ethnicity comply with the new standards, the choice is left up to the 

investigator as to how to present the data for Annual Progress Reports. We suggest completion of 

the new Inclusion Enrollment Report. 

8. How should I report race and ethnicity data when my research involves a foreign population? 

Investigators are encouraged to design their data collection instruments in ways that allow 

respondent self-identification of their racial and ethnic affiliation. However, these items should 

be designed in a way that they can be aggregated into the required categories. Also, the 

investigator can report on any racial/ethnic subpopulations by listing this information in an 

attachment to the required table. This may be particularly useful when distinctive subpopulations 

are relevant to the scientific hypotheses being studied. 

When completing the tables, investigators should asterisk and footnote the table indicating that 

data includes foreign participants. If the aggregated data only includes foreign participants, the 

investigator should provide information in one table with an asterisk and footnote. However, if 

the study includes both domestic and foreign participants, we suggest the investigator complete 

two separate tables -- one for domestic data and one for foreign data, with an asterisk and 

footnote accompanying the table with foreign data. 

9. How do the 1997 OMB revised standards differ from the previous standards? 

OMB issued the previous standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting data on race and 

ethnicity in 1977. The minimum acceptable categories were: American Indian or Alaska Native; 

Asian or Pacific Islander; Black, not of Hispanic origin; Hispanic; White, not of Hispanic origin. 

The 1997 OMB revised standards now include two ethnic categories (Hispanic or Latino or Not 

Hispanic or Latino) and five racial categories (American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black 

or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White). When using selfreporting or self-identification to collect data on ethnicity and race, investigators should use two 

separate questions with ethnicity information collected first followed by the option to select more 

than one racial designation. 

Additional Information and NIH Contacts Additional information on NIH policy regarding the 

Inclusion of Women and Minorities in Clinical Research can be found at the website 

http://grants.nih.gov/grants/funding/women_min/women_min.htm. 
123

The following senior extramural staff from the NIH Institutes and Centers may be contacted for 

further information about the policy and relevant Institute/Center programs: 

Robin A. Barr, D. Phil. 

National Institute on Aging 

Gateway Building, Room 2C218 

7201 Wisconsin Avenue, MSC 9205 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9205 (20814 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301-496-9322 

Email: BarrR@mail.nih.gov

Howard B. Moss, M.D. 

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism 

5635 Fishers Lane #3097 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9304 (20852 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301.402.0944 

Email: mossh@mail.nih.gov

Anna Ramsey-Ewing, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases 

6700B Rockledge Drive 

Room 2144 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: 301-435-8536 

Email: arewing@mail.nih.gov

Madeline Turkeltaub, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases 

6701 Democracy Blvd. Suite 800 

Bethesda, MD. 20892 

Telephone: 301-594-5058 

Email: Mturkeltaub@mail.nih.gov

Anthony Demsey, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering 

6707 Democracy Blvd. 

Suite 200, Rm. 241 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: (301)402-7039 

Email: demseya@mail.nih.gov

Paulette S. Gray, Ph.D. 

National Cancer Institute 

6116 Executive Blvd., Room 8001 

Bethesda, MD 20892 
124

Telephone: 301/496-5147 

Email: grayp@mail.nih.gov

Eugene Hayunga, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 

6100 Executive Boulevard, Room 2C01, MSC 7510 

Bethesda, MD 20892-7510

Telephone: (301) 435-6856 

Email: hayungae@mail.nih.gov

Castilla F. McNamara, Ph.D., M.P.A. 

National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders 

EPS 400B, 6120 Executive Blvd., 

Rockville, MD 20852 

Telephone: 301 402-0909 

Email: McNamara@mail.nih.gov

Norman S. Braveman, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research 

Building 31, Room 5B55 

Bethesda, MD 20852

Telephone: (301) 594-2089 

Email: Norman.Braveman@nih.gov

Brent Stanfield, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases 

6707 Democracy Blvd, Room 715 

Bethesda, MD 20892-5456 

Telephone: 301-594-8843 

Email: stanfibr@mail.nih.gov

Teresa Levitin, Ph.D. 

National Institute on Drug Abuse, 

6101 Executive Boulevard, Rm. 220, MSC 8401 

Bethesda, Maryland 20892-8401 

Telephone: (301) 443-2755 

Email: tlevitin@mail.nih.gov

Dennis Lang, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, 

NIH P.O. Box 12233, MD EC20 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 

Telephone: 919-541-7729 

Email: lang4@mail.nih.gov
125

Paivi H. Miskala, M.S.P.H., Ph.D. 

National Eye Institute 

5635 Fishers Lane, Suite 1300, MSC 9300 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9300 

Telephone 301-451-2020 

Email miskalap@mail.nih.gov

Alison Cole, Ph.D. 

National Institute of General Medical Sciences 

Natcher Building 

Building 45, Room 2AS49K 

Bethesda, MD 20892-6200 

Telephone: (301) 594-3827 

Email: coleal@mail.nih.gov

Stephen C. Mockrin, Ph.D. 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute 

6701 Rockledge Drive MSC 7922 

Bethesda, MD 20892-7922 (20817 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301 435-0260 

Email: mockrins@mail.nih.gov

Bettie J. Graham, Ph.D. 

National Human Genome Research Institute 

Suite 4076 MSC 9305 

5635 Fishers Lane 

National Institutes of Health 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9305 (20852 for courier service) 

Telephone: 301-496-7531 

EMail: grahambyj@mail.nih.gov

Sherman Ragland 

National Institute of Mental Health 

Neuroscience Building 

6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 8128 

Bethesda, MD 20852 

Telephone: (301)443-2847 

Email: sragland@mail.nih.gov

Frances Yee, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 

6001 Executive Boulevard, Room 2227, MSC 9520 

Bethesda, MD 20892- 9525 

Telephone: 301-496-9135 

Email: yeef@mail.nih.gov
126

Barbara A. Smothers, Ph.D. 

National Institute of Nursing Research 

6701 Democracy Blvd., Suite 710 

Bethesda MD 20892-4870 

Telephone: 301-594-5976 

EMail: bsmother@mail.nih.gov

Valerie Florance, Ph.D. 

National Library of Medicine 

Rockledge 1, Suite 301 

6705 Rockledge Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: 301.594.4882 

Email: floranv@mail.nih.gov

April I. Bower RN, MS 

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine 

6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 401 

Bethesda MD 20892 USA 

Telephone: 301-451-3560 

Email: bowera@mail.nih.gov

Derrick C. Tabor, Ph.D., 

National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities 

6707 Democracy Blvd., Suite 800 

Bethesda, MD 20892-5465 

Telephone: (301) 402-1366 

Email: tabord@mail.nih.gov

Shelia McClure, Ph.D. 

National Center for Research Resources 

6701 Democracy Blvd., Rm 932 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

Telephone: (301) 451-6536 

Email: mcclurSh@mail.nih.gov

Barbara Sina, Ph.D. 

Fogarty International Center 

Building 31 Room B2C39 

Bethesda, MD 20892-2220 

Telephone: (301) 402-9467 

Email: sinab@mail.nih.gov
127

APPENDIX G 

NIH Inclusion Tables for Target and Enrollment Data 

- Old Table for Target & Enrollment Data Collection 

- New Table for Target Data Collection 

- New Table for Enrollment Data Collection 
128
129

Old Table for Target & Enrollment Data Collection 
130

New Table for Target Data Collection
131

New Table for Enrollment Data Collection
132
133

Appendix H 

Comparison of 1977 and 1997 OMB Classifications 

For Reporting Race and Ethnicity 
134
135

Comparison of 1977 and 1997 OMB Classifications 

For Reporting Race and Ethnicity 

CLINICAL RESEARCH: NIH defines human clinical research as:

(1) Patient-oriented research. Research conducted with human subjects (or on material of human origin such as 

tissues, specimens and cognitive phenomena) for which an investigator (or colleague) directly interacts with 

human subjects. Excluded from this definition are in vitro studies that utilize human tissues that cannot be linked to 

a living individual. Patient-oriented research includes: (a) mechanisms of human disease, (b) therapeutic 

interventions, (c) clinical trials, or (d) development of new technologies.

(2) Epidemiologic and behavioral studies. 

(3) Outcomes research and health services research.

Appendix I. RACE AND ETHNICITY CATEGORIES INCLUDED IN 

SUMMARY MINORITY DATA

OLD FORM (1977) versus NEW FORM (1997)

Race/Ethnicity Category

Minority 

Total

Minority

Total

Old Form New Form

OLD FORM: Combined 1977 OMB Race/Ethnicity Categories 

American Indian/Alaska Native X

Asian/Pacific Islander X

Black or African American X

Hispanic, Not White X

White

Unknown/Other

NEW FORM: Separate 1997 OMB Race/Ethnicity Categories

Part A: Total Enrollment Report 

Ethnic Category

 Hispanic or Latino**

 Not Hispanic or Latino

 Unknown (ethnicity not reported)

 Ethnic Category Total of All Subjects*

Racial Categories

 American Indian/Alaska Native X

 Asian X

 Black or African American X

 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander X

 White

 More Than One Race X

 Unknown/Other

 Racial Categories: Total of All Subjects*
136

Part B: Hispanic Enrollment by RACE

 American Indian/Alaska Native*

 Asian*

 Black or African American*

 Hawaiian/Pacific Islander*

 White (Hispanic) X

 More Than One Race*

 Unknown/Other (Hispanic) X

Racial Categories: Total of Hispanics or Latinos**

* The "Ethnic Category Total of All Subjects" must be equal to the "Racial Categories: Total of All Subjects"

** The "Hispanic or Latino"(Part A) must be equal to "Racial Categories: Total of Hispanics or Latinos"(Part B).

Note 1. Hispanics are defined by country of origin, and may be identified as belonging to any one, or more than one, race 

category.

Note 2. The OLD FORM uses the 1977 OMB combined Race and Ethnicity Format, which has mutually 

exclusive categories, and allows Hispanics to be reported as either "Hispanic, Not White" or "White". 

Note 3. The NEW FORM uses the 1997 OMB Race and Ethnicity Categories, with separate reporting for 

Ethnicity (Hispanic or Latino; Not Hispanic or Latino) and Race. In this format, an individual is classified both by 

Ethnic Category and by Race Category. Part B of the NEW FORM therefore provides a distribution of only 

"Hispanics or Latinos" by the five main Race categories. Since minority categories are defined to include both 

"Hispanic or Latino ethnicity" and non-white racial categories when providing summary totals of minorities, it is 

necessary to add White Hispanics" and "Unknown/Other Hispanics" based on their ethnicity to the non-white 

racial categories. 
137

Appendix I 

Aggregate Extramural and Intramural Data Tables 

Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008 
138
139

Table of Contents: Fiscal Year 2008 Aggregate Data Tables 

Table 1A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for All Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 141

Table 2A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for All Extramural and Intramural Phase III Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 143

Table 3A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding 

 Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in 

 FY2008: Percent Analysis 145

Table 4A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols Excluding 

 Male-Only and Female-Only Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

 Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 147

Table 5A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Excluding 

 Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in 

 FY2008: Percent Analysis 149

Table 6A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols Excluding 

Male-Only and Female-Only Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

 Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 151

Domestic and Foreign Clinical Research Reported in FY 2007 and 2008

Table 7A. Domestic: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 153

Table 8A. Domestic: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 155

Table 9A. Domestic: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 157

Table 10A. Domestic: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 159

Table 11A. Domestic: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 161

Table 12A. Foreign: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Research

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 163

Table 13A. Foreign: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 165

Table 14A. Foreign: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols 

 Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 167
140

Table 15A. Foreign: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 169

Table 16A. Foreign: Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research 

 Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis 171
141

 

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 11,045

Females 9,243,966 2,609,666 28.23%

% 59.98% 59.15%

Males 5,991,739 1,784,488 29.78%

% 38.88% 40.45%

Unknown 176,650 17,952 10.16%

% 1.15% 0.41%

TOTAL 15,412,355 4,412,106 28.63%

Total % 100% 100.00%

10,130

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

88,985 784,371 926,927 30,265 5,707,628 111,622 1,185,254 8,835,052 7,086,149 680,974 1,067,930 8,835,053

0.60% 5.30% 6.27% 0.20% 38.60% 0.75% 8.02% 59.75% 47.92% 4.61% 7.22% 59.75%

1.01% 8.88% 10.49% 0.34% 64.60% 1.26% 13.42% 100.00% 80.20% 7.71% 12.09% 100.00%

66.16% 67.15% 50.51% 62.32% 59.14% 61.35% 67.09% 59.75% 59.64% 60.98% 59.74% 59.75%

44,962 381,775 900,247 18,091 3,932,371 68,884 428,310 5,774,640 4,776,382 429,040 569,218 5,774,640

0.30% 2.58% 6.09% 0.12% 26.60% 0.47% 2.90% 39.05% 32.30% 2.90% 3.85% 39.05%

0.78% 6.61% 15.59% 0.31% 68.10% 1.19% 7.42% 100.00% 82.71% 7.43% 9.86% 100.00%

33.43% 32.68% 49.06% 37.25% 40.74% 37.86% 24.25% 39.05% 40.20% 38.42% 31.84% 39.05%

547 1,907 7,861 204 11,268 1,435 153,022 176,244 19,113 6,685 150,446 176,244

0.00% 0.01% 0.05% 0.00% 0.08% 0.01% 1.03% 1.19% 0.13% 0.05% 1.02% 1.19%

0.31% 1.08% 4.46% 0.12% 6.39% 0.81% 86.82% 100.00% 10.84% 3.79% 85.36% 100.00%

0.41% 0.16% 0.43% 0.42% 0.12% 0.79% 8.66% 1.19% 0.16% 0.60% 8.42% 1.19%

134,494 1,168,053 1,835,035 48,560 9,651,267 181,941 1,766,586 14,785,936 11,881,644 1,116,699 1,787,594 14,785,937

0.91% 7.90% 12.41% 0.33% 65.27% 1.23% 11.95% 100.00% 80.36% 7.55% 12.09% 100.00%

0.91% 7.90% 12.41% 0.33% 65.27% 1.23% 11.95% 100.00% 80.36% 7.55% 12.09% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW 

FORM 

Parts A+B

Female 18,744 17,235 27,673 1,364 344,984 35,365 235,609 680,974 2,522,763

% 1.68% 1.54% 2.48% 0.12% 30.89% 3.17% 21.10% 60.98% 17.06%

2.75% 2.53% 4.06% 0.20% 50.66% 5.19% 34.60% 100.00% 28.55%

54.59% 54.51% 32.35% 57.58% 66.49% 54.43% 62.16% 60.98% 59.14%

Male 15,412 14,265 57,615 968 173,063 29,500 138,217 429,040 1,725,239

% 1.38% 1.28% 5.16% 0.09% 15.50% 2.64% 12.38% 38.42% 11.67%

3.59% 3.32% 13.43% 0.23% 40.34% 6.88% 32.22% 100.00% 29.88%

44.89% 45.12% 67.35% 40.86% 33.36% 45.40% 36.47% 38.42% 40.44%

Unknown 179 116 260 37 778 114 5,201 6,685 17,933

% 0.02% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00% 0.07% 0.01% 0.47% 0.60% 0.12%

2.68% 1.74% 3.89% 0.55% 11.64% 1.71% 77.80% 100.00% 10.18%

0.52% 0.37% 0.30% 1.56% 0.15% 0.18% 1.37% 0.60% 0.42%

34,335 31,616 85,548 2,369 518,825 64,979 379,027 1,116,699 4,265,935

3.07% 2.83% 7.66% 0.21% 46.46% 5.82% 33.94% 100.00% 28.85%

3.07% 2.83% 7.66% 0.21% 46.46% 5.82% 33.94% 100.00% 28.85%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 1A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Research Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent 

Analysis

Total Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards with Enrollment Data: 

TOTAL
142

Table 1A

915

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 1,404 10,876 57,384 17,239 310,618 11,393 408,914 86,903

0.22% 1.74% 9.16% 2.75% 49.59% 1.82% 65.28% 13.87%

0.34% 2.66% 14.03% 4.22% 75.96% 2.79% 100.00% 21.25%

72.75% 66.90% 57.87% 59.82% 67.45% 57.79% 65.28% 59.45%

 526 5,369 41,776 11,578 149,736 8,114 217,099 59,249

0.08% 0.86% 6.67% 1.85% 23.90% 1.30% 34.66% 9.46%

0.24% 2.47% 19.24% 5.33% 68.97% 3.74% 100.00% 27.29%

27.25% 33.02% 42.13% 40.17% 32.51% 41.16% 34.66% 40.53%

0 13 4 2 179 208 406 19

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.03% 0.06% 0.00%

0.00% 3.20% 0.99% 0.49% 44.09% 51.23% 100.00% 4.68%

0.00% 0.08% 0.00% 0.01% 0.04% 1.06% 0.06% 0.01%

 1,930 16,258 99,164 28,819 460,533 19,715 626,419 146,171

0.31% 2.60% 15.83% 4.60% 73.52% 3.15% 100.00% 23.33%

0.31% 2.60% 15.83% 4.60% 73.52% 3.15% 100.00% 23.33%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

In FY2008 more females (9,243,966; 59.98%) than males (5,991,739; 38.88%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural and intramural research protocols.

More minority females (2,609,666; 59.15%) than minority males (1,784,488; 40.45%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural and intramural research protocols.

Race

Approximately 28.63% (4,412,106) of participants in aggregate extramural and intramural research (15,412,355 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 73.52% following the 1977 OMB standards and 65.27% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 15.83% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 12.41% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.31%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.33%.

Ethnicity

7.55% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 46.46% (2nd highest category is Unknown/Other at 33.94%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.21%.

Of the 1,116,699 participants, 60.98% were women and 38.42% were men.

4.60% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Female

Number of Protocols 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards with Enrollment Data: 
143

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 639

Females 455,612 169,540 37.21%

% 57.48% 54.97%

Males 319,732 137,983 43.16%

% 40.34% 44.74%

Unknown 17,234 895 5.19%

% 2.17% 0.29%

TOTAL 792,578 308,418 38.91%

Total % 100% 100.00%

475

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

7,624 49,144 55,367 413 152,504 6,538 22,062 293,652 245,283 37,180 11,189 293,652

1.36% 8.78% 9.89% 0.07% 27.23% 1.17% 3.94% 52.43% 43.80% 6.64% 2.00% 52.43%

2.60% 16.74% 18.85% 0.14% 51.93% 2.23% 7.51% 100.00% 83.53% 12.66% 3.81% 100.00%

50.81% 51.57% 53.67% 57.68% 54.21% 53.87% 42.13% 52.43% 53.22% 57.78% 32.13% 52.43%

7,329 46,049 47,492 299 127,583 5,474 14,942 249,168 214,030 26,746 8,392 249,168

1.31% 8.22% 8.48% 0.05% 22.78% 0.98% 2.67% 44.49% 38.22% 4.78% 1.50% 44.49%

2.94% 18.48% 19.06% 0.12% 51.20% 2.20% 6.00% 100.00% 85.90% 10.73% 3.37% 100.00%

48.84% 48.32% 46.03% 41.76% 45.35% 45.11% 28.53% 44.49% 46.44% 41.56% 24.10% 44.49%

53 103 307 4 1,257 124 15,366 17,214 1,549 425 15,240 17,214

0.01% 0.02% 0.05% 0.00% 0.22% 0.02% 2.74% 3.07% 0.28% 0.08% 2.72% 3.07%

0.31% 0.60% 1.78% 0.02% 7.30% 0.72% 89.26% 100.00% 9.00% 2.47% 88.53% 100.00%

0.35% 0.11% 0.30% 0.56% 0.45% 1.02% 29.34% 3.07% 0.34% 0.66% 43.77% 3.07%

15,006 95,296 103,166 716 281,344 12,136 52,370 560,034 460,862 64,351 34,821 560,034

2.68% 17.02% 18.42% 0.13% 50.24% 2.17% 9.35% 100.00% 82.29% 11.49% 6.22% 100.00%

2.68% 17.02% 18.42% 0.13% 50.24% 2.17% 9.35% 100.00% 82.29% 11.49% 6.22% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

6,525 95 336 65 12,568 3,171 14,420 37,180 146,074

10.14% 0.15% 0.52% 0.10% 19.53% 4.93% 22.41% 57.78% 26.08%

17.55% 0.26% 0.90% 0.17% 33.80% 8.53% 38.78% 100.00% 49.74%

49.96% 41.48% 46.86% 53.28% 56.38% 56.08% 64.73% 57.78% 53.92%

6,493 127 373 54 9,614 2,421 7,664 26,746 123,921

10.09% 0.20% 0.58% 0.08% 14.94% 3.76% 11.91% 41.56% 22.13%

24.28% 0.47% 1.39% 0.20% 35.95% 9.05% 28.65% 100.00% 49.73%

49.72% 55.46% 52.02% 44.26% 43.13% 42.82% 34.40% 41.56% 45.75%

42 7 8 3 111 62 192 425 894

0.07% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.17% 0.10% 0.30% 0.66% 0.16%

9.88% 1.65% 1.88% 0.71% 26.12% 14.59% 45.18% 100.00% 5.19%

0.32% 3.06% 1.12% 2.46% 0.50% 1.10% 0.86% 0.66% 0.33%

13,060 229 717 122 22,293 5,654 22,276 64,351 270,889

20.29% 0.36% 1.11% 0.19% 34.64% 8.79% 34.62% 100.00% 48.37%

20.29% 0.36% 1.11% 0.19% 34.64% 8.79% 34.62% 100.00% 48.37%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Unknown 

Female 

Male 

TOTAL

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 2A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Phase III Research Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent 

Analysis

Total Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female
144

Table 2A

164

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 654 3,472 13,637 5,703 135,843 2,651 161,960 23,466

0.28% 1.49% 5.86% 2.45% 58.42% 1.14% 69.65% 10.09%

0.40% 2.14% 8.42% 3.52% 83.87% 1.64% 100.00% 14.49%

72.67% 76.44% 60.76% 59.15% 71.21% 62.20% 69.65% 62.53%

 246 1,070 8,807 3,939 54,902 1,600 70,564 14,062

0.11% 0.46% 3.79% 1.69% 23.61% 0.69% 30.34% 6.05%

0.35% 1.52% 12.48% 5.58% 77.80% 2.27% 100.00% 19.93%

27.33% 23.56% 39.24% 40.85% 28.78% 37.54% 30.34% 37.47%

0 0 1 0 8 11 20 1

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 40.00% 55.00% 100.00% 5.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.26% 0.01% 0.00%

 900 4,542 22,445 9,642 190,753 4,262 232,544 37,529

0.39% 1.95% 9.65% 4.15% 82.03% 1.83% 100.00% 16.14%

0.39% 1.95% 9.65% 4.15% 82.03% 1.83% 100.00% 16.14%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

In FY2008 more females (455,612; 57.48%) than males (319,732; 40.34%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols.

More minority females (169,540; 54.97%) than minority males (137,983; 44.74%) were enrolled in aggregate extramural and intramural Phase III research protocols.

Race

Approximately 38.91% (308,418) of participants in aggregate extramural and intramural Phase III research (792,578 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 82.03% following the 1977 OMB standards and 50.24% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.65% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 18.42% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.39%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.13%.

Ethnicity

11.49% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 34.64% (2nd largest category is Unknown/Other at 34.62%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.19%. 

Of the 64,351 participants, 57.78% were women and 41.56% were men.

4.15% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Number of Protocols 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards with Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
145

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 7,736

Females 3,596,589 1,313,179 36.51%

% 45.61% 48.81%

Males 4,147,836 1,359,572 32.78%

% 52.60% 50.54%

Unknown 141,240 17,453 12.36%

% 1.79% 0.65%

TOTAL 7,885,665 2,690,204 34.12%

Total % 100% 100.00%

7,361

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

 35,360 314,994 558,191 23,664 2,239,935 73,443 278,062 3,523,649 2,930,462 373,580 219,608 3,523,650

0.46% 4.07% 7.22% 0.31% 28.96% 0.95% 3.60% 45.56% 37.89% 4.83% 2.84% 45.56%

1.00% 8.94% 15.84% 0.67% 63.57% 2.08% 7.89% 100.00% 83.17% 10.60% 6.23% 100.00%

51.40% 52.75% 44.55% 57.43% 44.81% 54.25% 43.49% 45.56% 46.03% 49.56% 35.80% 45.56%

 32,920 280,625 686,904 17,335 2,750,884 60,495 240,319 4,069,482 3,420,952 373,562 274,968 4,069,482

0.43% 3.63% 8.88% 0.22% 35.57% 0.78% 3.11% 52.62% 44.23% 4.83% 3.56% 52.62%

0.81% 6.90% 16.88% 0.43% 67.60% 1.49% 5.91% 100.00% 84.06% 9.18% 6.76% 100.00%

47.85% 47.00% 54.82% 42.07% 55.03% 44.69% 37.59% 52.62% 53.73% 49.56% 44.83% 52.62%

 517 1,479 7,828 204 8,472 1,435 120,922 140,857 15,360 6,669 118,828 140,857

0.01% 0.02% 0.10% 0.00% 0.11% 0.02% 1.56% 1.82% 0.20% 0.09% 1.54% 1.82%

0.37% 1.05% 5.56% 0.14% 6.01% 1.02% 85.85% 100.00% 10.90% 4.73% 84.36% 100.00%

0.75% 0.25% 0.62% 0.50% 0.17% 1.06% 18.91% 1.82% 0.24% 0.88% 19.37% 1.82%

 68,797 597,098 1,252,923 41,203 4,999,291 135,373 639,303 7,733,988 6,366,774 753,811 613,404 7,733,989

0.89% 7.72% 16.20% 0.53% 64.64% 1.75% 8.27% 100.00% 82.32% 9.75% 7.93% 100.00%

0.89% 7.72% 16.20% 0.53% 64.64% 1.75% 8.27% 100.00% 82.32% 9.75% 7.93% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

 14,926 14,360 22,744 1,020 155,074 26,040 139,416 373,580 1,300,142

1.98% 1.90% 3.02% 0.14% 20.57% 3.45% 18.49% 49.56% 16.81%

4.00% 3.84% 6.09% 0.27% 41.51% 6.97% 37.32% 100.00% 36.90%

49.29% 50.07% 29.29% 51.26% 52.32% 54.91% 51.37% 49.56% 48.82%

 15,188 14,201 54,648 933 140,538 21,269 126,785 373,562 1,345,602

2.01% 1.88% 7.25% 0.12% 18.64% 2.82% 16.82% 49.56% 17.40%

4.07% 3.80% 14.63% 0.25% 37.62% 5.69% 33.94% 100.00% 33.07%

50.15% 49.52% 70.38% 46.88% 47.42% 44.85% 46.72% 49.56% 50.53%

 171 116 260 37 778 114 5,193 6,669 17,434

0.02% 0.02% 0.03% 0.00% 0.10% 0.02% 0.69% 0.88% 0.23%

2.56% 1.74% 3.90% 0.55% 11.67% 1.71% 77.87% 100.00% 12.38%

0.56% 0.40% 0.33% 1.86% 0.26% 0.24% 1.91% 0.88% 0.65%

 30,285 28,677 77,652 1,990 296,390 47,423 271,394 753,811 2,663,178

4.02% 3.80% 10.30% 0.26% 39.32% 6.29% 36.00% 100.00% 34.43%

4.02% 3.80% 10.30% 0.26% 39.32% 6.29% 36.00% 100.00% 34.43%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 3A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported 

in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
146

Table 3A

375

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 237 1,679 6,568 4,553 53,370 6,533 72,940 13,037

0.16% 1.11% 4.33% 3.00% 35.19% 4.31% 48.09% 8.60%

0.32% 2.30% 9.00% 6.24% 73.17% 8.96% 100.00% 17.87%

50.21% 49.50% 49.51% 46.01% 47.71% 51.06% 48.09% 48.24%

 235 1,700 6,694 5,341 58,312 6,072 78,354 13,970

0.15% 1.12% 4.41% 3.52% 38.44% 4.00% 51.66% 9.21%

0.30% 2.17% 8.54% 6.82% 74.42% 7.75% 100.00% 17.83%

49.79% 50.12% 50.46% 53.97% 52.13% 47.46% 51.66% 51.69%

0 13 4 2 174 190 383 19

0.000% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.13% 0.25% 0.01%

0.00% 3.39% 1.04% 0.52% 45.43% 49.61% 100.00% 4.96%

0.00% 0.38% 0.03% 0.02% 0.16% 1.48% 0.25% 0.07%

 472 3,392 13,266 9,896 111,856 12,795 151,677 27,026

0.31% 2.24% 8.75% 6.52% 73.75% 8.44% 100.00% 17.82%

0.31% 2.24% 8.75% 6.52% 73.75% 8.44% 100.00% 17.82%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: Reference Table 2A

Sex/Gender

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of males (4,147,836 or 52.60%) exceeded the number of females (3,596,589 or 45.61%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority males (1,359,572 or 50.54%) exceeded the number of minority females (1,313,179 or 48.81%) enrolled in Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 34.12% (2,690,204) of participants in aggregate Extramural Research Protocols (7,885,665 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 73.75% following the 1977 OMB standards and 64.64% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 8.75% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 16.20% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.31%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.53%.

Ethnicity

9.75% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 39.32% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 36.00%)

Smallest identified racial groups was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.26%. 

Of the 753,811 participants, 49.56% were women and 49.56% were men.

6.52% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
147

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 440

Females 258,878 122,914 47.48%

% 48.98% 49.98%

Males 252,692 122,137 48.33%

% 47.81% 49.66%

Unknown 17,007 882 5.19%

% 3.22% 0.36%

TOTAL 528,577 245,933 46.53%

Total % 100% 100.00%

351

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

7,373 40,812 48,897 230 120,489 6,259 11,332 235,392 201,598 25,804 7,990 235,392

1.55% 8.56% 10.26% 0.05% 25.28% 1.31% 2.38% 49.39% 42.30% 5.41% 1.68% 49.39%

3.13% 17.34% 20.77% 0.10% 51.19% 2.66% 4.81% 100.00% 85.64% 10.96% 3.39% 100.00%

50.13% 47.41% 52.76% 43.64% 51.94% 54.68% 28.93% 49.39% 51.03% 49.60% 27.04% 49.39%

7,282 45,169 43,486 293 110,244 5,064 12,687 224,225 191,895 25,795 6,535 224,225

1.53% 9.48% 9.12% 0.06% 23.13% 1.06% 2.66% 47.05% 40.26% 5.41% 1.37% 47.05%

3.25% 20.14% 19.39% 0.13% 49.17% 2.26% 5.66% 100.00% 85.58% 11.50% 2.91% 100.00%

49.51% 52.47% 46.92% 55.60% 47.52% 44.24% 32.39% 47.05% 48.58% 49.58% 22.11% 47.05%

53 103 294 4 1,257 124 15,152 16,987 1,536 425 15,026 16,987

0.01% 0.02% 0.06% 0.00% 0.26% 0.03% 3.18% 3.56% 0.32% 0.09% 3.15% 3.56%

0.31% 0.61% 1.73% 0.02% 7.40% 0.73% 89.20% 100.00% 9.04% 2.50% 88.46% 100.00%

0.36% 0.12% 0.32% 0.76% 0.54% 1.08% 38.68% 3.56% 0.39% 0.82% 50.85% 3.56%

14,708 86,084 92,677 527 231,990 11,447 39,171 476,604 395,029 52,024 29,551 476,604

3.09% 18.06% 19.45% 0.11% 48.68% 2.40% 8.22% 100.00% 82.88% 10.92% 6.20% 100.00%

3.09% 18.06% 19.45% 0.11% 48.68% 2.40% 8.22% 100.00% 82.88% 10.92% 6.20% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

6639 86 261 52 10,392 3,114 5,260 25,804 119,223

12.76% 0.17% 0.50% 0.10% 19.98% 5.99% 10.11% 49.60% 25.02%

25.73% 0.33% 1.01% 0.20% 40.27% 12.07% 20.38% 100.00% 50.65%

49.67% 39.45% 41.04% 47.71% 51.76% 58.74% 42.70% 49.60% 50.13%

6684 125 367 54 9,573 2,125 6,867 25,795 117,734

12.85% 0.24% 0.71% 0.10% 18.40% 4.08% 13.20% 49.58% 24.70%

25.91% 0.48% 1.42% 0.21% 37.11% 8.24% 26.62% 100.00% 52.51%

50.01% 57.34% 57.70% 49.54% 47.68% 40.09% 55.74% 49.58% 49.50%

42 7 8 3 111 62 192 425 881

0.08% 0.01% 0.02% 0.01% 0.21% 0.12% 0.37% 0.82% 0.18%

9.88% 1.65% 1.88% 0.71% 26.12% 14.59% 45.18% 100.00% 5.19%

0.31% 3.21% 1.26% 2.75% 0.55% 1.17% 1.56% 0.82% 0.37%

13,365 218 636 109 20,076 5,301 12,319 52,024 237,838

25.69% 0.42% 1.22% 0.21% 38.59% 10.19% 23.68% 100.00% 49.90%

25.69% 0.42% 1.22% 0.21% 38.59% 10.19% 23.68% 100.00% 49.90%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 4A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Protocols, Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
148

Table 4A 

89

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

84 526 2,074 1,007 19,128 667 23,486 3,691

0.16% 1.01% 3.99% 1.94% 36.80% 1.28% 45.19% 7.10%

0.36% 2.24% 8.83% 4.29% 81.44% 2.84% 100.00% 15.72%

46.93% 50.33% 46.24% 42.20% 45.12% 44.80% 45.19% 45.60%

95 519 2,410 1,379 23,253 811 28,467 4,403

0.18% 1.00% 4.64% 2.65% 44.74% 1.56% 54.77% 8.47%

0.33% 1.82% 8.47% 4.84% 81.68% 2.85% 100.00% 15.47%

53.07% 49.67% 53.73% 57.80% 54.86% 54.47% 54.77% 54.39%

0 0 1 0 8 11 20 1

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.02% 0.04% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 40.00% 55.00% 100.00% 5.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 0.02% 0.74% 0.04% 0.01%

179 1,045 4,485 2,386 42,389 1,489 51,973 8,095

0.34% 2.01% 8.63% 4.59% 81.56% 2.86% 100.00% 15.58%

0.34% 2.01% 8.63% 4.59% 81.56% 2.86% 100.00% 15.58%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of females (258,878 or 48.98%) exceeded the number of males (252,692 or 47.81%) enrolled in Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority females (122,914 or 49.98%) exceeded the number of minority males (122,137 or 49.66%) enrolled in Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 46.56% (245,933) of participants in Phase III Extramural Research (528,577 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 81.56% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial group was White at 48.68% following the 1997 OMB standards. 

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 8.63% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 19.45% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.34%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.11%.

Ethnicity

10.92% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White 38.59% (2nd largest category is American Indian/Alaska Native at 25.69%)

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.21%. 

Of the 52,024 participants,49.6% were women and 49.5% were men.

4.59% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
149

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 1,506

Females 844,881 220,179 26.06%

% 34.72% 37.32%

Males 1,552,834 369,341 23.78%

% 63.82% 62.60%

Unknown 35,546 515 1.45%

% 1.46% 0.09%

TOTAL 2,433,261 590,035 24.25%

Total % 100% 100.00%

1,124

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

9,006 86,705 46,191 3,680 554,980 4,166 40,793 745,521 667,029 35,085 43,407 745,521

0.40% 3.88% 2.06% 0.16% 24.81% 0.19% 1.82% 33.33% 29.82% 1.57% 1.94% 33.33%

1.21% 11.63% 6.20% 0.49% 74.44% 0.56% 5.47% 100.00% 89.47% 4.71% 5.82% 100.00%

45.44% 48.44% 20.02% 86.53% 35.95% 46.30% 16.28% 33.33% 35.14% 42.76% 16.92% 33.33%

10,784 91,874 184,538 573 985,794 4,831 177,507 1,455,901 1,227,524 46,950 181,427 1,455,901

0.48% 4.11% 8.25% 0.03% 44.07% 0.22% 7.94% 65.08% 54.88% 2.10% 8.11% 65.08%

0.74% 6.31% 12.68% 0.04% 67.71% 0.33% 12.19% 100.00% 84.31% 3.22% 12.46% 100.00%

54.41% 51.32% 79.96% 13.47% 63.86% 53.70% 70.86% 65.08% 64.66% 57.22% 70.71% 65.08%

30 428 48 0 2,800 0 32,217 35,523 3768 17 31,738 35,523

0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 0.00% 0.13% 0.00% 1.44% 1.59% 0.17% 0.00% 1.42% 1.59%

0.08% 1.20% 0.14% 0.00% 7.88% 0.00% 90.69% 100.00% 10.61% 0.05% 89.34% 100.00%

0.15% 0.24% 0.02% 0.00% 0.18% 0.00% 12.86% 1.59% 0.20% 0.02% 12.37% 1.59%

19,820 179,007 230,777 4,253 1,543,574 8,997 250,517 2,236,945 1,898,321 82,052 256,572 2,236,945

0.89% 8.00% 10.32% 0.19% 69.00% 0.40% 11.20% 100.00% 84.86% 3.67% 11.47% 100.00%

0.89% 8.00% 10.32% 0.19% 69.00% 0.40% 11.20% 100.00% 84.86% 3.67% 11.47% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

46 15 375 23 23473 3,076 8,077 35,085 181,298

0.06% 0.02% 0.46% 0.03% 28.61% 3.75% 9.84% 42.76% 8.10%

0.13% 0.04% 1.07% 0.07% 66.90% 8.77% 23.02% 100.00% 24.32%

43.40% 36.59% 12.22% 46.94% 43.16% 50.70% 44.07% 42.76% 35.16%

52 26 2694 26 30919 2,991 10,242 46,950 333,761

0.06% 0.03% 3.28% 0.03% 37.68% 3.65% 12.48% 57.22% 14.92%

0.11% 0.06% 5.74% 0.06% 65.86% 6.37% 21.81% 100.00% 22.92%

49.06% 63.41% 87.78% 53.06% 56.84% 49.30% 55.88% 57.22% 64.74%

8 0 0 0 0 0 9 17 515

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.02%

47.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 52.94% 100.00% 1.45%

7.55% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.02% 0.10%

106 41 3,069 49 54,392 6,067 18,328 82,052 515,574

0.13% 0.05% 3.74% 0.06% 66.29% 7.39% 22.34% 100.00% 23.05%

0.13% 0.05% 3.74% 0.06% 66.29% 7.39% 22.34% 100.00% 23.05%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 5A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
150

Table 5A.

382

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

150 3,487 31,027 4,217 59,014 1,465 99,360 38,881

0.08% 1.78% 15.80% 2.15% 30.06% 0.75% 50.61% 19.81%

0.15% 3.51% 31.23% 4.24% 59.39% 1.47% 100.00% 39.13%

51.55% 52.55% 52.02% 53.48% 49.54% 53.60% 50.61% 52.22%

141 3,149 28,622 3,668 60,103 1,250 96,933 35,580

0.07% 1.60% 14.58% 1.87% 30.62% 0.64% 49.38% 18.12%

0.15% 3.25% 29.53% 3.78% 62.00% 1.29% 100.00% 36.71%

48.45% 47.45% 47.98% 46.52% 50.45% 45.74% 49.38% 47.78%

0 0 0 0 5 18 23 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 21.74% 78.26% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.66% 0.01% 0.00%

291 6,636 59,649 7,885 119,122 2,733 196,316 74,461

0.15% 3.38% 30.38% 4.02% 60.68% 1.39% 100.00% 37.93%

0.15% 3.38% 30.38% 4.02% 60.68% 1.39% 100.00% 37.93%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of males (1,552,834 or 63.82%) exceeded the number of females (844,881 or 34.72%) enrolled in Intramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority males (369,341 or 62.60%) exceeded the number of minority females (220,179 or 37.32%) enrolled in Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 24.25% (590,035) of participants in aggregate Intramural Research (2,433,261 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 60.68% following the 1977 OMB standards and 69.00% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 30.38% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 10.32% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.15%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.19%.

Ethnicity

3.67% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 66.29% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 22.34%)

Smallest identified racial group was Asian at 0.05%. 

Of the 82,052 participants, 57.22% were men and 42.76% were women.

4.02% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
151

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 33

Females 4,054 969 23.90%

% 45.52% 51.82%

Males 4,624 888 19.20%

% 51.93% 47.49%

Unknown 227 13 0.00%

% 2.55% 0.70%

TOTAL 8,905 1,870 21.00%

Total % 100% 100.00%

23

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

6 36 624 69 695 2 1,467 2,899 1,356 61 1,482 2,899

0.10% 0.61% 10.66% 1.18% 11.87% 0.03% 25.06% 49.52% 23.16% 1.04% 25.32% 49.52%

0.21% 1.24% 21.52% 2.38% 23.97% 0.07% 50.60% 100.00% 46.77% 2.10% 51.12% 100.00%

85.71% 29.51% 58.87% 100.00% 52.06% 50.00% 45.04% 49.52% 53.83% 46.56% 46.25% 49.52%

1 86 423 0 640 2 1,576 2,728 1,150 70 1,508 2,728

0.02% 1.47% 7.23% 0.00% 10.93% 0.03% 26.92% 46.60% 19.64% 1.20% 25.76% 46.60%

0.04% 3.15% 15.51% 0.00% 23.46% 0.07% 57.77% 100.00% 42.16% 2.57% 55.28% 100.00%

14.29% 70.49% 39.91% 0.00% 47.94% 50.00% 48.39% 46.60% 45.65% 53.44% 47.07% 46.60%

0 0 13 0 0 0 214 227 13 0 214 227

0.00% 0.00% 0.22% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.66% 3.88% 0.22% 0.00% 3.66% 3.88%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 1.23% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 6.57% 3.88% 0.52% 0.00% 6.68% 3.88%

7 122 1,060 69 1,335 4 3,257 5,854 2,519 131 3,204 5,854

0.12% 2.08% 18.11% 1.18% 22.80% 0.07% 55.64% 100.00% 43.03% 2.24% 54.73% 100.00%

0.12% 2.08% 18.11% 1.18% 22.80% 0.07% 55.64% 100.00% 43.03% 2.24% 54.73% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

1 0 0 0 2 1 57 61 796

0.76% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.53% 0.76% 43.51% 46.56% 13.60%

1.64% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.28% 1.64% 93.44% 100.00% 27.46%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 100.00% 45.24% 46.56% 57.23%

0 0 0 0 1 0 69 70 582

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.76% 0.00% 52.67% 53.44% 9.94%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.43% 0.00% 98.57% 100.00% 21.33%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 54.76% 53.44% 41.84%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.22%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.93%

1 0 0 0 3 1 126 131 1,391

0.76% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.29% 0.76% 96.18% 100.00% 23.76%

0.76% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.29% 0.76% 96.18% 100.00% 23.76%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 6A. Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols Excluding Male-Only and Female-Only Protocols 

Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
152

Table 6A.

10

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

2 23 121 27 977 5 1,155 173

0.07% 0.75% 3.97% 0.88% 32.02% 0.16% 37.86% 5.67%

0.17% 1.99% 10.48% 2.34% 84.59% 0.43% 100.00% 14.98%

40.00% 36.51% 35.91% 36.49% 38.25% 27.78% 37.86% 36.12%

3 40 216 47 1,577 13 1,896 306

0.10% 1.31% 7.08% 1.54% 51.69% 0.43% 62.14% 10.03%

0.16% 2.11% 11.39% 2.48% 83.18% 0.69% 100.00% 16.14%

60.00% 63.49% 64.09% 63.51% 61.75% 72.22% 62.14% 63.88%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

5 63 337 74 2,554 18 3,051 479

0.16% 2.06% 11.05% 2.43% 83.71% 0.59% 100.00% 15.70%

0.16% 2.06% 11.05% 2.43% 83.71% 0.59% 100.00% 15.70%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

There were 33 Phase III Intramural Research Protocols of which 3 (8.11%) were female-only protocols and 0 (0.0%) were male-only protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of males (4,624 or 51.93%) exceeded the number of females (4,054 or 45.52%) enrolled in Phase III Intramural Research Protocols.

Excluding sex-specific studies, the number of minority females (969 or 51.82%) exceeded the number of minority males (888 or 47.49%) enrolled in Phase III Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 21.00% (1,870) of participants in aggregate Phase III Intramural Research (8,905 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 83.71% following the 1977 OMB standards and Unknown/Other at 55.64% following the 1997 OMB Standards

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.05% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 18.11% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.16%.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was More than One Race at 0.07%.

Ethnicity

2.24% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 96.18% (2nd largest category was White at 2.29%)

Asian, Black or African American, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander all reported 0.0% 

Of the 131 participants, 46.56% were women and 53.44% were men.

2.43% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by Race/Ethnicity 

(Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols (Old 

or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by Sex/Gender 

(Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
153

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 10,548

Females 8,514,768 2,121,057 24.91%

% 60.24% 60.23%

Males 5,451,624 1,386,456 25.43%

% 38.57% 39.37%

Unknown 168,235 14,178 8.43%

% 1.19% 0.40%

TOTAL 14,134,627 3,521,691 24.92%

Total % 100% 100.00%

9,639

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

 77,294 515,311 797,115 26,842 5,479,338 104,853 1,107,739 8,108,492 6,504,236 583,754 1,020,503 8,108,493

0.57% 3.81% 5.90% 0.20% 40.55% 0.78% 8.20% 60.01% 48.14% 4.32% 7.55% 60.01%

0.95% 6.36% 9.83% 0.33% 67.58% 1.29% 13.66% 100.00% 80.22% 7.20% 12.59% 100.00%

69.22% 71.64% 50.37% 64.25% 59.20% 62.14% 67.87% 60.01% 59.83% 61.73% 60.20% 60.01%

 33,962 202,857 779,208 14,734 3,768,101 62,493 374,597 5,235,952 4,351,840 356,748 527,364 5,235,952

0.25% 1.50% 5.77% 0.11% 27.89% 0.46% 2.77% 38.75% 32.21% 2.64% 3.90% 38.75%

0.65% 3.87% 14.88% 0.28% 71.97% 1.19% 7.15% 100.00% 83.11% 6.81% 10.07% 100.00%

30.41% 28.20% 49.24% 35.27% 40.71% 37.03% 22.95% 38.75% 40.03% 37.73% 31.11% 38.75%

 412 1,119 6,293 204 8,602 1,404 149,795 167,829 15,542 5,101 147,186 167,829

0.00% 0.01% 0.05% 0.00% 0.06% 0.01% 1.11% 1.24% 0.12% 0.04% 1.09% 1.24%

0.25% 0.67% 3.75% 0.12% 5.13% 0.84% 89.25% 100.00% 9.26% 3.04% 87.70% 100.00%

0.37% 0.16% 0.40% 0.49% 0.09% 0.83% 9.18% 1.24% 0.14% 0.54% 8.68% 1.24%

 111,668 719,287 1,582,616 41,780 9,256,041 168,750 1,632,131 13,512,273 10,871,618 945,603 1,695,053 13,512,274

0.83% 5.32% 11.71% 0.31% 68.50% 1.25% 12.08% 100.00% 80.46% 7.00% 12.54% 100.00%

0.83% 5.32% 11.71% 0.31% 68.50% 1.25% 12.08% 100.00% 80.46% 7.00% 12.54% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

 8,741 4,973 26,953 1,357 317,552 28,539 195,639 583,754 2,034,606

0.92% 0.53% 2.85% 0.14% 33.58% 3.02% 20.69% 61.73% 15.06%

1.50% 0.85% 4.62% 0.23% 54.40% 4.89% 33.51% 100.00% 25.09%

60.17% 70.18% 32.00% 57.48% 67.83% 55.29% 61.60% 61.73% 59.67%

 5,728 1,997 57,002 967 149,853 22,973 118,228 356,748 1,361,335

0.61% 0.21% 6.03% 0.10% 15.85% 2.43% 12.50% 37.73% 10.07%

1.61% 0.56% 15.98% 0.27% 42.01% 6.44% 33.14% 100.00% 26.00%

39.43% 28.18% 67.69% 40.96% 32.01% 44.51% 37.22% 37.73% 39.92%

 59 116 260 37 771 106 3,752 5,101 13,955

0.01% 0.01% 0.03% 0.00% 0.08% 0.01% 0.40% 0.54% 0.10%

1.16% 2.27% 5.10% 0.73% 15.11% 2.08% 73.55% 100.00% 8.32%

0.41% 1.64% 0.31% 1.57% 0.16% 0.21% 1.18% 0.54% 0.41%

 14,528 7,086 84,215 2,361 468,176 51,618 317,619 945,603 3,409,896

1.54% 0.75% 8.91% 0.25% 49.51% 5.46% 33.59% 100.00% 25.24%

1.54% 0.75% 8.91% 0.25% 49.51% 5.46% 33.59% 100.00% 25.24%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Male

Female 

Male 

Table 7A. DOMESTIC Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and 

Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race
154

Table 7A

909

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Ot

her Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

 1,389 10,840 57,371 16,851 308,521 11,304 406,276 86,451

0.22% 1.74% 9.22% 2.71% 49.57% 1.82% 65.28% 13.89%

0.34% 2.67% 14.12% 4.15% 75.94% 2.78% 100.00% 21.28%

0.00% 95.37% 91.42% 66.95% 88.07% 7.05% 65.28% 77.33%

 11,114 526 5,369 8,112 41,775 148,776 215,672 25,121

1.79% 0.08% 0.86% 1.30% 6.71% 23.91% 34.65% 4.04%

5.15% 0.24% 2.49% 3.76% 19.37% 68.98% 100.00% 11.65%

0.00% 4.63% 8.56% 32.23% 11.93% 92.83% 34.65% 22.47%

2 0 13 208 4 179 406 223

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 0.03% 0.07% 0.04%

0.49% 0.00% 3.20% 51.23% 0.99% 44.09% 100.00% 54.93%

0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.83% 0.00% 0.11% 0.07% 0.20%

 12,505 11,366 62,753 25,171 350,300 160,259 622,354 111,795

2.01% 1.83% 10.08% 4.04% 56.29% 25.75% 100.00% 17.96%

2.01% 1.83% 10.08% 4.04% 56.29% 25.75% 100.00% 17.96%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (8,523,500 or 60.24%) than males (5,456,883 or 38.57%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (2,121,057 or 60.23%) than males (1,386,456 or 39.37%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 24.92% (3,521,691) of participants in aggregate Domestic Extramural and Intramural Research (14,148,669 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 56.29% following the 1977 OMB standards and White at 68.43% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 10.08% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.70% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.31%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Asian/Pacific Islander at 1.83%.

Ethnicity

6.99% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 49.51% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 33.59%).

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.25%.

Of the 945,603 participants, 61.73% were women and 37.73% were men.

4.04% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Unknown

Female

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Total

Legend

Male
155

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 8,971

Females 7,618,658 1,946,882 25.55%

% 64.58% 62.96%

Males 4,043,042 1,131,742 27.99%

% 34.27% 36.60%

Unknown 135,905 13,841 10.18%

% 1.15% 0.45%

TOTAL 11,797,605 3,092,465 26.21%

Total % 100% 100.00%

8,475

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

67,661 496,935 738,323 22,853 4,832,239 96,418 1,058,786 7,313,215 5,785,475 547,576 980,165 7,313,216

0.59% 4.37% 6.49% 0.20% 42.49% 0.85% 9.31% 64.30% 50.87% 4.81% 8.62% 64.30%

0.93% 6.80% 10.10% 0.31% 66.08% 1.32% 14.48% 100.00% 79.11% 7.49% 13.40% 100.00%

74.17% 72.78% 55.01% 61.41% 62.97% 60.88% 76.27% 64.30% 63.96% 63.15% 67.10% 64.30%

23,176 184,775 597,572 14,156 2,833,163 60,557 211,447 3,924,846 3,245,753 314,393 364,700 3,924,846

0.20% 1.62% 5.25% 0.12% 24.91% 0.53% 1.86% 34.51% 28.54% 2.76% 3.21% 34.51%

0.59% 4.71% 15.23% 0.36% 72.19% 1.54% 5.39% 100.00% 82.70% 8.01% 9.29% 100.00%

25.41% 27.06% 44.52% 38.04% 36.92% 38.24% 15.23% 34.51% 35.88% 36.26% 24.97% 34.51%

382 1,084 6,243 204 8,176 1,404 118,029 135,522 14,543 5,083 115,896 135,522

0.00% 0.01% 0.05% 0.00% 0.07% 0.01% 1.04% 1.19% 0.13% 0.04% 1.02% 1.19%

0.28% 0.80% 4.61% 0.15% 6.03% 1.04% 87.09% 100.00% 10.73% 3.75% 85.52% 100.00%

0.42% 0.16% 0.47% 0.55% 0.11% 0.89% 8.50% 1.19% 0.16% 0.59% 7.93% 1.19%

91,219 682,794 1,342,138 37,213 7,673,578 158,379 1,388,262 11,373,583 9,045,771 867,052 1,460,761 11,373,584

0.80% 6.00% 11.80% 0.33% 67.47% 1.39% 12.21% 100.00% 79.53% 7.62% 12.84% 100.00%

0.80% 6.00% 11.80% 0.33% 67.47% 1.39% 12.21% 100.00% 79.53% 7.62% 12.84% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

8661 4952 26642 1360 290680 28386 186895 547,576 1,899,765

1.00% 0.57% 3.07% 0.16% 33.53% 3.27% 21.56% 63.15% 16.70%

1.58% 0.90% 4.87% 0.25% 53.08% 5.18% 34.13% 100.00% 25.98%

59.95% 70.09% 32.78% 58.17% 70.74% 55.27% 62.37% 63.15% 62.86%

5,728 1,997 54383 941 119439 22870 109035 314,393 1,108,710

0.66% 0.23% 6.27% 0.11% 13.78% 2.64% 12.58% 36.26% 9.75%

1.82% 0.64% 17.30% 0.30% 37.99% 7.27% 34.68% 100.00% 28.25%

39.65% 28.27% 66.90% 40.25% 29.07% 44.53% 36.39% 36.26% 36.68%

59 116 260 37 771 106 3,734 5,083 13,822

0.01% 0.01% 0.03% 0.00% 0.09% 0.01% 0.43% 0.59% 0.12%

1.16% 2.28% 5.12% 0.73% 15.17% 2.09% 73.46% 100.00% 10.20%

0.41% 1.64% 0.32% 1.58% 0.19% 0.21% 1.25% 0.59% 0.46%

14,448 7,065 81,285 2,338 410,890 51,362 299,664 867,052 3,022,297

1.67% 0.81% 9.37% 0.27% 47.39% 5.92% 34.56% 100.00% 26.57%

1.67% 0.81% 9.37% 0.27% 47.39% 5.92% 34.56% 100.00% 26.57%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Unknown 

Female 

Male 

TOTAL

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 8A. DOMESTIC Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: 

Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female
156

Table 8A

496

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Oth

er Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

1,228 7,294 26,006 12,589 248,516 9,810 305,443 47,117

0.29% 1.72% 6.13% 2.97% 58.61% 2.31% 72.03% 11.11%

0.40% 2.39% 8.51% 4.12% 81.36% 3.21% 100.00% 15.43%

76.27% 76.92% 66.53% 63.00% 73.74% 58.26% 72.03% 67.15%

382 2,176 13,082 7,392 88,326 6,838 118,196 23,032

0.09% 0.51% 3.09% 1.74% 20.83% 1.61% 27.87% 5.43%

0.32% 1.84% 11.07% 6.25% 74.73% 5.79% 100.00% 19.49%

23.73% 22.95% 33.46% 36.99% 26.21% 40.61% 27.87% 32.82%

0 13 4 2 174 190 383 19

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.04% 0.04% 0.09% 0.00%

0.00% 3.39% 1.04% 0.52% 45.43% 49.61% 100.00% 4.96%

0.00% 0.14% 0.01% 0.01% 0.05% 1.13% 0.09% 0.03%

1,610 9,483 39,092 19,983 337,016 16,838 424,022 70,168

0.38% 2.24% 9.22% 4.71% 79.48% 3.97% 100.00% 16.55%

0.38% 2.24% 9.22% 4.71% 79.48% 3.97% 100.00% 16.55%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (7,618,658 or 64.58%) than males (4,043,042 or 34.27%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (1,946,882 or 62.96%) than males (1,131,742 or 36.60%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 26.21% (3,092,465) of participants in aggregate Domestic Extramural Research (11,797,605 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 79.48% following the 1977 OMB standards and 67.47% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.22% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.80% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.33%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.38%.

Ethnicity

7.62% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 47.39% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 34.56%).

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.27%.

Of the 867,052 participants, 63.15% were women and 36.26% were men.

4.71% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
157

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 1,577

Females 895,404 172,273 19.24%

% 38.31% 37.50%

Males 1,409,288 286,978 20.36%

% 60.30% 62.47%

Unknown 32,330 109 0.34%

% 1.38% 0.02%

TOTAL 2,337,022 459,360 19.66%

Total % 100% 100.00%

1,164

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

10,519 18,206 56,951 3,983 642,897 8,291 53,866 794,713 714,141 35,740 44,832 794,713

0.49% 0.85% 2.66% 0.19% 30.05% 0.39% 2.52% 37.15% 33.39% 1.67% 2.10% 37.15%

1.32% 2.29% 7.17% 0.50% 80.90% 1.04% 6.78% 100.00% 89.86% 4.50% 5.64% 100.00%

49.30% 50.26% 23.95% 87.42% 40.81% 81.63% 21.22% 37.15% 39.29% 45.86% 18.42% 37.15%

10,786 17,984 180,807 573 931,848 1,866 168,222 1,312,086 1,102,691 42,170 167,225 1,312,086

0.50% 0.84% 8.45% 0.03% 43.56% 0.09% 7.86% 61.34% 51.55% 1.97% 7.82% 61.34%

0.82% 1.37% 13.78% 0.04% 71.02% 0.14% 12.82% 100.00% 84.04% 3.21% 12.74% 100.00%

50.56% 49.65% 76.04% 12.58% 59.16% 18.37% 66.26% 61.34% 60.66% 54.11% 68.71% 61.34%

30 35 35 0 422 0 31,785 32,307 984 17 31,306 32,307

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 0.00% 1.49% 1.51% 0.05% 0.00% 1.46% 1.51%

0.09% 0.11% 0.11% 0.00% 1.31% 0.00% 98.38% 100.00% 3.05% 0.05% 96.90% 100.00%

0.14% 0.10% 0.01% 0.00% 0.03% 0.00% 12.52% 1.51% 0.05% 0.02% 12.86% 1.51%

21,335 36,225 237,793 4,556 1,575,167 10,157 253,873 2,139,106 1,817,816 77,927 243,363 2,139,106

1.00% 1.69% 11.12% 0.21% 73.64% 0.47% 11.87% 100.00% 84.98% 3.64% 11.38% 100.00%

1.00% 1.69% 11.12% 0.21% 73.64% 0.47% 11.87% 100.00% 84.98% 3.64% 11.38% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

82 22 342 49 27,137 217 7,891 35,740 132,978

0.11% 0.03% 0.44% 0.06% 34.82% 0.28% 10.13% 45.86% 6.22%

0.23% 0.06% 0.96% 0.14% 75.93% 0.61% 22.08% 100.00% 16.73%

57.75% 45.83% 11.47% 65.33% 47.09% 62.90% 47.23% 45.86% 34.59%

52 26 2639 26 30,490 128 8,809 42,170 251,315

0.07% 0.03% 3.39% 0.03% 39.13% 0.16% 11.30% 54.11% 11.75%

0.12% 0.06% 6.26% 0.06% 72.30% 0.30% 20.89% 100.00% 19.15%

36.62% 54.17% 88.53% 34.67% 52.91% 37.10% 52.72% 54.11% 65.38%

8 0 0 0 0 0 9 17 109

0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.02% 0.01%

47.06% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 52.94% 100.00% 0.34%

5.63% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.05% 0.02% 0.03%

142 48 2,981 75 57,627 345 16,709 77,927 384,402

0.18% 0.06% 3.83% 0.10% 73.95% 0.44% 21.44% 100.00% 17.97%

0.18% 0.06% 3.83% 0.10% 73.95% 0.44% 21.44% 100.00% 17.97%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Unknown 

Female 

Male 

TOTAL

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 9A. DOMESTIC Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female
158

Table 9A

413

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

150 3,531 31,362 4,252 59,909 1,487 100,691 39,295

0.08% 1.78% 15.85% 2.15% 30.27% 0.75% 50.88% 19.85%

0.15% 3.51% 31.15% 4.22% 59.50% 1.48% 100.00% 39.03%

51.55% 52.85% 52.24% 53.50% 49.84% 53.94% 50.88% 52.42%

141 3,150 28,676 3,696 60,287 1,252 97,202 35,663

0.07% 1.59% 14.49% 1.87% 30.46% 0.63% 49.11% 18.02%

0.15% 3.24% 29.50% 3.80% 62.02% 1.29% 100.00% 36.69%

48.45% 47.15% 47.76% 46.50% 50.16% 45.41% 49.11% 47.58%

0 0 0 0 5 18 23 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 21.74% 78.26% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.65% 0.01% 0.00%

291 6,681 60,038 7,948 120,201 2,757 197,916 74,958

0.15% 3.38% 30.34% 4.02% 60.73% 1.39% 100.00% 37.87%

0.15% 3.38% 30.34% 4.02% 60.73% 1.39% 100.00% 37.87%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More males (1,409,288 or 60.30%) than females (895,404 or 38.31%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Intramural Research Protocols.

More minority males (286,978 or 62.47%) than females (172,273 or 37.50%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 19.66% (459,360) of participants in aggregate Domestic Intramural Research (2,337,022 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 60.73% following the 1977 OMB standards and 73.64% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 30.34% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.12% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.21%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.15%.

Ethnicity

3.64% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 73.95% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 21.44%).

Smallest identified racial group was Asian at 0.06%.

Of the 77,927 participants, 45.86% were women and 54.11% were men.

4.02% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

13

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Rthnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
159

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 552

Females 345,372 67,801 19.63%

% 59.04% 57.52%

Males 223,021 49,563 22.22%

% 38.12% 42.05%

Unknown 16,630 505 3.04%

% 2.84% 0.43%

TOTAL 585,023 117,869 20.15%

Total % 100% 100.00%

401

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

1388 2963 15147 334 149433 6534 11012 186,811 155829 22175 8807 186,811

0.39% 0.83% 4.22% 0.09% 41.64% 1.82% 3.07% 52.05% 43.42% 6.18% 2.45% 52.05%

0.74% 1.59% 8.11% 0.18% 79.99% 3.50% 5.89% 100.00% 83.42% 11.87% 4.71% 100.00%

56.68% 47.85% 60.97% 52.52% 54.33% 55.22% 29.08% 52.05% 54.27% 52.91% 29.54% 52.05%

1043 3182 9628 298 124381 5174 11759 155,465 130073 19409 5983 155,465

0.29% 0.89% 2.68% 0.08% 34.66% 1.44% 3.28% 43.32% 36.24% 5.41% 1.67% 43.32%

0.67% 2.05% 6.19% 0.19% 80.01% 3.33% 7.56% 100.00% 83.67% 12.48% 3.85% 100.00%

42.59% 51.39% 38.76% 46.86% 45.22% 43.73% 31.06% 43.32% 45.30% 46.31% 20.07% 43.32%

18 47 68 4 1257 124 15092 16,610 1254 330 15026 16,610

0.01% 0.01% 0.02% 0.00% 0.35% 0.03% 4.21% 4.63% 0.35% 0.09% 4.19% 4.63%

0.11% 0.28% 0.41% 0.02% 7.57% 0.75% 90.86% 100.00% 7.55% 1.99% 90.46% 100.00%

0.73% 0.76% 0.27% 0.63% 0.46% 1.05% 39.86% 4.63% 0.44% 0.79% 50.40% 4.63%

2,449 6,192 24,843 636 275,071 11,832 37,863 358,886 287,156 41,914 29,816 358,886

0.68% 1.73% 6.92% 0.18% 76.65% 3.30% 10.55% 100.00% 80.01% 11.68% 8.31% 100.00%

0.68% 1.73% 6.92% 0.18% 76.65% 3.30% 10.55% 100.00% 80.01% 11.68% 8.31% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

298 95 336 65 12571 3170 5640 22,175 44,577

0.71% 0.23% 0.80% 0.16% 29.99% 7.56% 13.46% 52.91% 12.42%

1.34% 0.43% 1.52% 0.29% 56.69% 14.30% 25.43% 100.00% 23.86%

57.64% 41.67% 47.06% 53.28% 56.52% 59.05% 44.33% 52.91% 55.09%

212 126 370 54 9559 2136 6952 19,409 35,836

0.51% 0.30% 0.88% 0.13% 22.81% 5.10% 16.59% 46.31% 9.99%

1.09% 0.65% 1.91% 0.28% 49.25% 11.01% 35.82% 100.00% 23.05%

41.01% 55.26% 51.82% 44.26% 42.98% 39.79% 54.64% 46.31% 44.29%

7 7 8 3 111 62 132 330 504

0.02% 0.02% 0.02% 0.01% 0.26% 0.15% 0.31% 0.79% 0.14%

2.12% 2.12% 2.42% 0.91% 33.64% 18.79% 40.00% 100.00% 3.03%

1.35% 3.07% 1.12% 2.46% 0.50% 1.15% 1.04% 0.79% 0.62%

517 228 714 122 22,241 5,368 12,724 41,914 80,917

1.23% 0.54% 1.70% 0.29% 53.06% 12.81% 30.36% 100.00% 22.55%

1.23% 0.54% 1.70% 0.29% 53.06% 12.81% 30.36% 100.00% 22.55%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Unknown 

Female 

Male 

TOTAL

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 10A. DOMESTIC Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent 

Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female
160

Table 10A

151

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

637 3,413 13,503 5,671 132,780 2,557 158,561 23,224

0.28% 1.51% 5.97% 2.51% 58.72% 1.13% 70.12% 10.27%

0.40% 2.15% 8.52% 3.58% 83.74% 1.61% 100.00% 14.65%

72.39% 76.83% 61.19% 59.31% 71.76% 61.57% 70.12% 62.85%

243 1,029 8,565 3,890 52,244 1,585 67,556 13,727

0.11% 0.46% 3.79% 1.72% 23.10% 0.70% 29.87% 6.07%

0.36% 1.52% 12.68% 5.76% 77.33% 2.35% 100.00% 20.32%

27.61% 23.17% 38.81% 40.69% 28.24% 38.17% 29.87% 37.15%

0 0 1 0 8 11 20 1

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 5.00% 0.00% 40.00% 55.00% 100.00% 5.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.26% 0.01% 0.00%

880 4,442 22,069 9,561 185,032 4,153 226,137 36,952

0.39% 1.96% 9.76% 4.23% 81.82% 1.84% 100.00% 16.34%

0.39% 1.96% 9.76% 4.23% 81.82% 1.84% 100.00% 16.34%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (345,372 or 59.04%) than males (223,021 or 38.12%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural Phase III Research Protocols.

More minority females (67,801 or 57.52%) than males (49,563 or 42.05%) are enrolled in aggregate Domestic Extramural Phase III Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 20.15% (117,869) of participants in aggregate Domestic Extramural Phase III Research (585,023 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 81.82% following the 1977 OMB standards and 76.65% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 9.76% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 6.92% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.18%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.39%.

Ethnicity

11.68% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 53.06% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 30.36%).

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.29%.

Of the 41,914 participants, 52.91% were women and 46.31% were men.

4.23% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)
161

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 33

Females 2,610 871 33.37%

% 42.91% 50.85%

Males 3,245 829 25.55%

% 53.35% 48.39%

Unknown 227 13 0.00%

% 3.73% 0.76%

TOTAL 6,082 1,713 28.17%

Total % 100% 100.00%

22

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

6 36 537 77 695 2 102 1,455 1,269 42 144 1,455

0.21% 1.25% 18.70% 2.68% 24.21% 0.07% 3.55% 50.68% 44.20% 1.46% 5.02% 50.68%

0.41% 2.47% 36.91% 5.29% 47.77% 0.14% 7.01% 100.00% 87.22% 2.89% 9.90% 100.00%

85.71% 29.51% 59.01% 100.00% 52.06% 50.00% 24.52% 50.68% 53.57% 47.19% 34.87% 50.68%

1 86 360 0 640 2 100 1,189 1,087 47 55 1,189

0.03% 3.00% 12.54% 0.00% 22.29% 0.07% 3.48% 41.41% 37.86% 1.64% 1.92% 41.41%

0.08% 7.23% 30.28% 0.00% 53.83% 0.17% 8.41% 100.00% 91.42% 3.95% 4.63% 100.00%

14.29% 70.49% 39.56% 0.00% 47.94% 50.00% 24.04% 41.41% 45.88% 52.81% 13.32% 41.41%

0 0 13 0 0 0 214 227 13 0 214 227

0.00% 0.00% 0.45% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 7.45% 7.91% 0.45% 0.00% 7.45% 7.91%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 1.43% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 51.44% 7.91% 0.55% 0.00% 51.82% 7.91%

7 122 910 77 1,335 4 416 2,871 2,369 89 413 2,871

0.24% 4.25% 31.70% 2.68% 46.50% 0.14% 14.49% 100.00% 82.51% 3.10% 14.39% 100.00%

0.24% 4.25% 31.70% 2.68% 46.50% 0.14% 14.49% 100.00% 82.51% 3.10% 14.39% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

1 0 0 0 2 1 38 42 698

1.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.25% 1.12% 42.70% 47.19% 24.31%

2.38% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 4.76% 2.38% 90.48% 100.00% 47.97%

100.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 66.67% 100.00% 45.24% 47.19% 57.83%

0 0 0 0 1 0 46 47 496

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.12% 0.00% 51.69% 52.81% 17.28%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 2.13% 0.00% 97.87% 100.00% 41.72%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 33.33% 0.00% 54.76% 52.81% 41.09%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.45%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.08%

1 0 0 0 3 1 84 89 1,207

1.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.37% 1.12% 94.38% 100.00% 42.04%

1.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.37% 1.12% 94.38% 100.00% 42.04%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Unknown 

Female 

Male 

TOTAL

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 11A. DOMESTIC Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Phase III Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female
162

Table 11A

11

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska Native

Asian/ Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

2 23 121 27 977 5 1,155 173

0.06% 0.72% 3.77% 0.84% 30.43% 0.16% 35.97% 5.39%

0.17% 1.99% 10.48% 2.34% 84.59% 0.43% 100.00% 14.98%

40.00% 35.94% 33.43% 36.00% 36.36% 27.78% 35.97% 34.19%

3 41 241 48 1,710 13 2,056 333

0.09% 1.28% 7.51% 1.49% 53.25% 0.40% 64.03% 10.37%

0.15% 1.99% 11.72% 2.33% 83.17% 0.63% 100.00% 16.20%

60.00% 64.06% 66.57% 64.00% 63.64% 72.22% 64.03% 65.81%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

5 64 362 75 2,687 18 3,211 506

0.16% 1.99% 11.27% 2.34% 83.68% 0.56% 100.00% 15.76%

0.16% 1.99% 11.27% 2.34% 83.68% 0.56% 100.00% 15.76%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More males (3,245 or 53.35%) than females (2,610 or 42.91%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

More minority females (871 or 50.85%) than males (829 or 48.39%) were enrolled in aggregate Domestic Intramural Phase III Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 28.17% (1,713) of participants in aggregate Domestic Intramural Phase III Research (6,082 total) were classified as U.S. minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 83.68% following the 1977 OMB standards and 46.50% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 11.27% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 31.70% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was More Than One Race at 0.14%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was American Indian/Alaska Native at 0.16%.

Ethnicity

3.10% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 94.38% (2nd largest category was White at 3.37%).

Asian, Black or African American and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander were the smallest identified racial groups with 0.0%.

Of the 89 participants, 47.19% were women and 52.81% were men.

2.34% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Female

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research Protocols 

(Old or New Form)
163

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex /Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex 497

Females 729,198 493,689 67.70%

% 57.07% 57.08%

Males 540,115 367,262 68.00%

% 42.27% 42.46%

Unknown 8,415 3,994 47.46%

% 0.66% 0.46%

TOTAL 1,277,728 864,945 67.69%

Total % 100% 100.00%

491

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

10,807 269,230 133,774 3,431 233,242 6,913 69,163 726,560 589,414 97,660 39,486 726,560

0.85% 21.14% 10.50% 0.27% 18.31% 0.54% 5.43% 57.04% 46.28% 7.67% 3.10% 57.04%

1.49% 37.06% 18.41% 0.47% 32.10% 0.95% 9.52% 100.00% 81.12% 13.44% 5.43% 100.00%

50.93% 59.96% 51.77% 50.49% 57.77% 51.57% 57.15% 57.04% 57.68% 56.87% 49.34% 57.04%

10,276 179,016 123,068 3,364 167,854 6,461 48,649 538,688 428,912 72,483 37,293 538,688

0.81% 14.06% 9.66% 0.26% 13.18% 0.51% 3.82% 42.29% 33.68% 5.69% 2.93% 42.29%

1.91% 33.23% 22.85% 0.62% 31.16% 1.20% 9.03% 100.00% 79.62% 13.46% 6.92% 100.00%

48.43% 39.87% 47.62% 49.51% 41.57% 48.20% 40.20% 42.29% 41.97% 42.21% 46.60% 42.29%

135 788 1,583 0 2670 31 3,208 8,415 3,586 1,585 3,244 8,415

0.01% 0.06% 0.12% 0.00% 0.21% 0.00% 0.25% 0.66% 0.28% 0.12% 0.25% 0.66%

1.60% 9.36% 18.81% 0.00% 31.73% 0.37% 38.12% 100.00% 42.61% 18.84% 38.55% 100.00%

0.64% 0.18% 0.61% 0.00% 0.66% 0.23% 2.65% 0.66% 0.35% 0.92% 4.05% 0.66%

21,218 449,034 258,425 6,795 403,766 13,405 121,020 1,273,663 1,021,912 171,728 80,023 1,273,663

1.67% 35.26% 20.29% 0.53% 31.70% 1.05% 9.50% 100.00% 80.23% 13.48% 6.28% 100.00%

1.67% 35.26% 20.29% 0.53% 31.70% 1.05% 9.50% 100.00% 80.23% 13.48% 6.28% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

NEW FORM 

Parts A+B

9,990 12260 552 1 27,021 5,775 42,061 97,660 493,237

5.82% 7.14% 0.32% 0.00% 15.73% 3.36% 24.49% 56.87% 38.73%

10.23% 12.55% 0.57% 0.00% 27.67% 5.91% 43.07% 100.00% 67.89%

50.54% 50.01% 52.98% 100.00% 54.05% 51.32% 64.55% 56.87% 57.09%

9,656 12255 490 0 22,967 5,470 21,645 72,483 366,797

5.62% 7.14% 0.29% 0.00% 13.37% 3.19% 12.60% 42.21% 28.80%

13.32% 16.91% 0.68% 0.00% 31.69% 7.55% 29.86% 100.00% 68.09%

48.85% 49.99% 47.02% 0.00% 45.94% 48.61% 33.22% 42.21% 42.45%

120 0 0 0 7 8 1,450 1,585 3,994

0.07% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.84% 0.92% 0.31%

7.57% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.44% 0.50% 91.48% 100.00% 47.46%

0.61% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.07% 2.23% 0.92% 0.46%

19,766 24,515 1,042 1 49,995 11,253 65,156 171,728 864,028

11.51% 14.28% 0.61% 0.00% 29.11% 6.55% 37.94% 100.00% 67.84%

11.51% 14.28% 0.61% 0.00% 29.11% 6.55% 37.94% 100.00% 67.84%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Male

Female 

Male 

Table 12A. FOREIGN Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural and Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: 

Percent Analysis

Total Number of 

Protocols with 

Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race
164

Table 12A

6

American 

Indian/ Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/Ot

her Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

15 36 13 388 2,097 89 2,638 452

0.37% 0.89% 0.32% 9.54% 51.59% 2.19% 64.90% 11.12%

0.57% 1.36% 0.49% 14.71% 79.49% 3.37% 100.00% 17.13%

0.00% 100.00% 92.86% 45.54% 68.60% 97.80% 64.90% 49.29%

0 0 1 464 960 2 1,427 465

0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 11.41% 23.62% 0.05% 35.10% 11.44%

0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 32.52% 67.27% 0.14% 100.00% 32.59%

0.00% 0.00% 7.14% 54.46% 31.40% 2.20% 35.10% 50.71%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

15 36 14 852 3,057 91 4,065 917

0.37% 0.89% 0.34% 20.96% 75.20% 2.24% 100.00% 22.56%

0.37% 0.89% 0.34% 20.96% 75.20% 2.24% 100.00% 22.56%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (729,198 or 57.07%) than males (540,115 or 42.27%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Intramural and Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (493,689 or 57.08%) than males (367,262 or 42.46%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Intramural and Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 67.69% (864,945) of participants in aggregate Foreign Intramural and Extramural Research (1,277,728 total) were classified as minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 75.20% and Hispanic at 20.96% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial group was Asian at 35.26% following the 1997 OMB standards (with 31.70%, White was not the largest identified racial group).

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.53%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Black or African American at 0.34%.

Ethnicity

13.48% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 37.94% (2nd largest category was White at 29.11%).

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.00%.

Of the 171,728 participants, 56.87% were women and 42.21% were men.

20.96% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Unknown

Female

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Total

Legend

Male
165

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex

Females 410,523 316,669 77.14% 410

% 52.68% 52.50%

Males 363,542 282,867 77.81%

% 46.65% 46.90%

Unknown 5,199 3,588 69.01%

% 0.67% 0.59%

TOTAL 779,264 603,124 77.40%

Total % 100% 100.00%

404

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

10,803 121,385 129,224 3,429 100,256 3,860 38,928 407,885 313,672 73,056 21,157 407,885

1.39% 15.66% 16.67% 0.44% 12.93% 0.50% 5.02% 52.62% 40.46% 9.42% 2.73% 52.62%

2.65% 29.76% 31.68% 0.84% 24.58% 0.95% 9.54% 100.00% 76.90% 17.91% 5.19% 100.00%

50.92% 53.52% 52.03% 50.48% 53.46% 52.26% 50.49% 52.62% 53.19% 51.35% 49.03% 52.62%

10,276 105,024 117,553 3,364 87,004 3,495 35,399 362,115 275,289 67,643 19,183 362,115

1.33% 13.55% 15.16% 0.43% 11.22% 0.45% 4.57% 46.71% 35.51% 8.73% 2.47% 46.71%

2.84% 29.00% 32.46% 0.93% 24.03% 0.97% 9.78% 100.00% 76.02% 18.68% 5.30% 100.00%

48.44% 46.31% 47.33% 49.52% 46.39% 47.32% 45.91% 46.71% 46.68% 47.54% 44.45% 46.71%

135 395 1,570 0 292 31 2,776 5,199 802 1,585 2,812 5,199

0.02% 0.05% 0.20% 0.00% 0.04% 0.00% 0.36% 0.67% 0.10% 0.20% 0.36% 0.67%

2.60% 7.60% 30.20% 0.00% 5.62% 0.60% 53.39% 100.00% 15.43% 30.49% 54.09% 100.00%

0.64% 0.17% 0.63% 0.00% 0.16% 0.42% 3.60% 0.67% 0.14% 1.11% 6.52% 0.67%

21,214 226,804 248,347 6,793 187,552 7,386 77,103 775,199 589,763 142,284 43,152 775,199

2.74% 29.26% 32.04% 0.88% 24.19% 0.95% 9.95% 100.00% 76.08% 18.35% 5.57% 100.00%

2.74% 29.26% 32.04% 0.88% 24.19% 0.95% 9.95% 100.00% 76.08% 18.35% 5.57% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using 

US Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts A+B

9,986 12,260 439 0 26,288 2,855 21,228 73,056 316,217

7.02% 8.62% 0.31% 0.00% 18.48% 2.01% 14.92% 51.35% 40.79%

13.67% 16.78% 0.60% 0.00% 35.98% 3.91% 29.06% 100.00% 77.53%

50.53% 50.01% 50.23% 0.00% 53.83% 52.19% 49.56% 51.35% 52.51%

9,656 12,255 435 0 22,538 2,607 20,152 67,643 282,402

6.79% 8.61% 0.31% 0.00% 15.84% 1.83% 14.16% 47.54% 36.43%

14.27% 18.12% 0.64% 0.00% 33.32% 3.85% 29.79% 100.00% 77.99%

48.86% 49.99% 49.77% 0.00% 46.15% 47.66% 47.05% 47.54% 46.89%

120 0 0 0 7 8 1,450 1,585 3,588

0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 1.02% 1.11% 0.46%

7.57% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.44% 0.50% 91.48% 100.00% 69.01%

0.61% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.01% 0.15% 3.39% 1.11% 0.60%

19,762 24,515 874 0 48,833 5,470 42,830 142,284 602,207

13.89% 17.23% 0.61% 0.00% 34.32% 3.84% 30.10% 100.00% 77.68%

13.89% 17.23% 0.61% 0.00% 34.32% 3.84% 30.10% 100.00% 77.68%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 13A. FOREIGN Aggregate Enrollment Data for Extramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in 

FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
166

Table 13A

6

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

15 36 13 388 2,097 89 2,638 452

0.37% 0.89% 0.32% 9.54% 51.59% 2.19% 64.90% 11.12%

0.57% 1.36% 0.49% 14.71% 79.49% 3.37% 100.00% 17.13%

0.00% 100.00% 92.86% 45.54% 68.60% 97.80% 64.90% 49.29%

0 0 1 464 960 2 1,427 465

0.00% 0.00% 0.02% 11.41% 23.62% 0.05% 35.10% 11.44%

0.00% 0.00% 0.07% 32.52% 67.27% 0.14% 100.00% 32.59%

0.00% 0.00% 7.14% 54.46% 31.40% 2.20% 35.10% 50.71%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

15 36 14 852 3,057 91 4,065 917

0.37% 0.89% 0.34% 20.96% 75.20% 2.24% 100.00% 22.56%

0.37% 0.89% 0.34% 20.96% 75.20% 2.24% 100.00% 22.56%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (410,523 or 52.68%) than males (363,542 or 46.65%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (316,669 or 52.50%) than males (282,867 or 46.90%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 77.40% (603,124) of participants in aggregate Foreign Extramural Research (779,264 total) were classified as minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 75.20% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial group was Black or African American at 32.04% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Hispanic at 20.96% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black or African American at 32.04% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.88%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Black or African American at 0.34%.

Ethnicity

18.35% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was White at 34.32% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 30.10%).

Smallest identified racial group was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.00%.

Of the 142,284 participants, 51.35% were women and 47.54% were men.

20.96% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
167

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex

Females 318,675 177,020 55.55% 87

% 63.93% 67.61%

Males 176,573 84,395 47.80%

% 35.42% 32.23%

Unknown 3,216 406 12.62%

% 0.65% 0.16%

TOTAL 498,464 261,821 52.53%

Total % 100% 100.00%

87

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not 

Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

4 147,845 4,550 2 132,986 3,053 30,235 318,675 275,742 24,604 18,329 318,675

0.00% 29.66% 0.91% 0.00% 26.68% 0.61% 6.07% 63.93% 55.32% 4.94% 3.68% 63.93%

0.00% 46.39% 1.43% 0.00% 41.73% 0.96% 9.49% 100.00% 86.53% 7.72% 5.75% 100.00%

100.00% 66.53% 45.15% 100.00% 61.51% 50.72% 68.85% 63.93% 63.81% 83.56% 49.71% 63.93%

0 73,992 5,515 0 80,850 2,966 13,250 176,573 153,623 4,840 18,110 176,573

0.00% 14.84% 1.11% 0.00% 16.22% 0.60% 2.66% 35.42% 30.82% 0.97% 3.63% 35.42%

0.00% 41.90% 3.12% 0.00% 45.79% 1.68% 7.50% 100.00% 87.00% 2.74% 10.26% 100.00%

0.00% 33.30% 54.72% 0.00% 37.39% 49.28% 30.17% 35.42% 35.55% 16.44% 49.12% 35.42%

0 393 13 0 2,378 0 432 3,216 2,784 0 432 3,216

0.00% 0.08% 0.00% 0.00% 0.48% 0.00% 0.09% 0.65% 0.56% 0.00% 0.09% 0.65%

0.00% 12.22% 0.40% 0.00% 73.94% 0.00% 13.43% 100.00% 86.57% 0.00% 13.43% 100.00%

0.00% 0.18% 0.13% 0.00% 1.10% 0.00% 0.98% 0.65% 0.64% 0.00% 1.17% 0.65%

4 222,230 10,078 2 216,214 6,019 43,917 498,464 432,149 29,444 36,871 498,464

0.00% 44.58% 2.02% 0.00% 43.38% 1.21% 8.81% 100.00% 86.70% 5.91% 7.40% 100.00%

0.00% 44.58% 2.02% 0.00% 43.38% 1.21% 8.81% 100.00% 86.70% 5.91% 7.40% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using 

US Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts 

A+B

4 0 113 1 733 2,920 20,833 24,604 177,020

0.01% 0.00% 0.38% 0.00% 2.49% 9.92% 70.75% 83.56% 35.51%

0.02% 0.00% 0.46% 0.00% 2.98% 11.87% 84.67% 100.00% 55.55%

100.00% 0.00% 67.26% 100.00% 63.08% 50.49% 93.31% 83.56% 67.61%

0 0 55 0 429 2,863 1,493 4,840 84,395

0.00% 0.00% 0.19% 0.00% 1.46% 9.72% 5.07% 16.44% 16.93%

0.00% 0.00% 1.14% 0.00% 8.86% 59.15% 30.85% 100.00% 47.80%

0.00% 0.00% 32.74% 0.00% 36.92% 49.51% 6.69% 16.44% 32.23%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 406

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.08%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 12.62%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.16%

4 0 168 1 1,162 5,783 22,326 29,444 261,821

0.01% 0.00% 0.57% 0.00% 3.95% 19.64% 75.83% 100.00% 52.53%

0.01% 0.00% 0.57% 0.00% 3.95% 19.64% 75.83% 100.00% 52.53%

100.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Total of All Subjects by Race

Male

Unknown

Total

Table 14A. FOREIGN Aggregate Enrollment Data for Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in 

FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Male 
168

Table 14A

0

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Data Table Comments: 

Sex/Gender

More females (318,675 or 63.93%) than males (176,573 or 35.42%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign intramural research protocols.

More minority females (177,020 or 67.61%) than males (84,395 or 32.23%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign intramural research protocols.

Race

Approximately 52.53% (261,821) of participants in aggregate Foreign intramural research (498,464 total) were classified as minorities.

Largest identified racial group was Asian at 44.58% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minorites were Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and American Indian/Alaska Native both at 0.0%.

Data represented in Table 18A required no foreign reporting using the 1977 OMB Standards. 

Ethnicity

5.91% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 75.83%.

Smallest identified racial groups were Asian and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.0%.

Of the 29,444 participants, 83.56% were women and 16.44% were men.

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Male

Unknown

Total

Legend

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Female
169

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority 

by Sex

Females 98,685 93,291 94.53% 50

% 51.66% 51.49%

Males 91,949 87,520 95.18%

% 48.14% 48.30%

Unknown 377 377 100.00%

% 0.20% 0.21%

TOTAL 191,011 181,188 94.86%

Total % 100% 100.00%

48

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic

Hispanic or 

Latino

Unknown/ 

Not 

Reported

Total

6,230 46,145 39,592 2 2,379 2 2,091 96,441 88,097 7,478 866 96,441

3.32% 24.57% 21.08% 0.00% 1.27% 0.00% 1.11% 51.35% 46.91% 3.98% 0.46% 51.35%

6.46% 47.85% 41.05% 0.00% 2.47% 0.00% 2.17% 100.00% 91.35% 7.75% 0.90% 100.00%

49.64% 51.86% 51.24% 66.67% 48.07% 0.66% 55.55% 51.35% 51.46% 50.37% 49.01% 51.35%

6,285 42,781 37,448 1 2,570 299 1,613 90,997 82,823 7,273 901 90,997

3.35% 22.78% 19.94% 0.00% 1.37% 0.16% 0.86% 48.45% 44.10% 3.87% 0.48% 48.45%

6.91% 47.01% 41.15% 0.00% 2.82% 0.33% 1.77% 100.00% 91.02% 7.99% 0.99% 100.00%

50.08% 48.08% 48.47% 33.33% 51.93% 99.34% 42.85% 48.45% 48.38% 48.99% 50.99% 48.45%

35 56 226 0 0 0 60 377 282 95 0 377

0.02% 0.03% 0.12% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.20% 0.15% 0.05% 0.00% 0.20%

9.28% 14.85% 59.95% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 15.92% 100.00% 74.80% 25.20% 0.00% 100.00%

0.28% 0.06% 0.29% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.59% 0.20% 0.16% 0.64% 0.00% 0.20%

12,550 88,982 77,266 3 4,949 301 3,764 187,815 171,202 14,846 1,767 187,815

6.68% 47.38% 41.14% 0.00% 2.64% 0.16% 2.00% 100.00% 91.15% 7.90% 0.94% 100.00%

6.68% 47.38% 41.14% 0.00% 2.64% 0.16% 2.00% 100.00% 91.15% 7.90% 0.94% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts A+B

6,226 0 1 0 34 0 1,217 7,478 93,222

41.94% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.23% 0.00% 8.20% 50.37% 49.64%

83.26% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.45% 0.00% 16.27% 100.00% 96.66%

49.66% #DIV/0! 100.00% 0.00% 26.15% 0.00% 64.56% 50.37% 51.47%

6,277 0 0 0 96 292 608 7,273 87,518

42.28% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.65% 1.97% 4.10% 48.99% 46.60%

86.31% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 1.32% 4.01% 8.36% 100.00% 96.18%

50.06% #DIV/0! 0.00% 0.00% 73.85% 100.00% 32.25% 48.99% 48.32%

35 0 0 0 0 0 60 95 377

0.24% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.40% 0.64% 0.20%

36.84% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 63.16% 100.00% 100.00%

0.28% #DIV/0! 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 3.18% 0.64% 0.21%

12,538 0 1 0 130 292 1,885 14,846 181,117

84.45% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.88% 1.97% 12.70% 100.00% 96.43%

84.45% 0.00% 0.01% 0.00% 0.88% 1.97% 12.70% 100.00% 96.43%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Unknown 

TOTAL

Female

Male

Unknown

Total

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Male 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Table 15A. FOREIGN Aggregate Enrollment Data for Phase III Extramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported in FY2008: Percent 

Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
170

Table 15A

2

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

15 36 13 5 2,086 89 2,244 69

0.47% 1.13% 0.41% 0.16% 65.27% 2.78% 70.21% 2.16%

0.67% 1.60% 0.58% 0.22% 92.96% 3.97% 100.00% 3.07%

0.00% 100.00% 92.86% 83.33% 68.75% 97.80% 70.21% 97.18%

0 0 1 1 948 2 952 2

0.00% 0.00% 0.03% 0.03% 29.66% 0.06% 29.79% 0.06%

0.00% 0.00% 0.11% 0.11% 99.58% 0.21% 100.00% 0.21%

0.00% 0.00% 7.14% 16.67% 31.25% 2.20% 29.79% 2.82%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.000% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

15 36 14 6 3,034 91 3,196 71

0.47% 1.13% 0.44% 0.19% 94.93% 2.85% 100.00% 2.22%

0.47% 1.13% 0.44% 0.19% 94.93% 2.85% 100.00% 2.22%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Data Table Comments: 

More females (98,685; 51.66%) than males (91,949; 48.14%) were enrolled in Aggregate Foreign Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (93,291; 51.49%) than males (87,520; 48.30%) were enrolled in Aggregate Foreign Phase III Extramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 94.86% (181,188) of participants in aggregate Foreign Phase III Extramural Research (191,011 total) were classified as minorities.

Largest identified racial group was White at 94.93% following the 1977 OMB standards. 

Largest identified racial group was Asian at 47.38% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority groups was Asian/Pacific Islander at 1.13% following the 1977 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Asian at 47.38% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.0%.

According to the 1977 OMB standards, the smallest identified racial minority was Hispanic at 0.19%.

Ethnicity

7.90% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was American Indian/Alaska Native at 84.45% (2nd largest category was Unknown/Other at 12.70%).

Smallest identified racial groups were Asian and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.00%.

Of the 14,846 participants, 50.37% were women and 48.99% were men.

0.19% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic according to the 1977 OMB standards.

Unknown

Total

Female

Male

Legend

Sex/Gender:

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 
171

I. SUMMARY TOTALS: Old Form + New Form

Sex 

/Gender

Total 

Enrollment

Minority 

Enrollment

Total % 

Minority

% Minority by 

Sex

Females 8,923 7,577 84.92% 4

% 85.29% 98.88%

Males 1,539 86 5.59%

% 14.71% 1.12%

Unknown 0 0 0.00%

% 0.00% 0.00%

TOTAL 10,462 7,663 73.25%

Total % 100% 100.00%

4

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total Not Hispanic Hispanic or Latino Unknown/ Not Reported Total

0 0 92 0 0 0 8,831 8,923 92 7,485 1,346 8,923

0.00% 0.00% 0.88% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 84.41% 85.29% 0.88% 71.54% 12.87% 85.29%

0.00% 0.00% 1.03% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 98.97% 100.00% 1.03% 83.88% 15.08% 100.00%

0.00% 0.00% 59.35% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 85.68% 85.29% 59.35% 99.69% 48.09% 85.29%

0 0 63 0 0 0 1,476 1,539 63 23 1,453 1,539

0.00% 0.00% 0.60% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.11% 14.71% 0.60% 0.22% 13.89% 14.71%

0.00% 0.00% 4.09% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 95.91% 100.00% 4.09% 1.49% 94.41% 100.00%

0.00% 0.00% 40.65% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 14.32% 14.71% 40.65% 0.31% 51.91% 14.71%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 155 0 0 0 10,307 10,462 155 7,508 2,799 10,462

0.00% 0.00% 1.48% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 98.52% 100.00% 1.48% 71.76% 26.75% 100.00%

0.00% 0.00% 1.48% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 98.52% 100.00% 1.48% 71.76% 26.75% 100.00%

100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

New Form (Part B): Hispanic Enrollment Report: Number of Hispanics or Latinos Enrolled to Date 

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian

Black or 

African 

American

Hawaiian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

White More Than 

One Race

Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): NEW 

FORM Parts A+B

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,485 7,485 7,577

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 99.69% 99.69% 72.42%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 84.92%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 99.69% 99.69% 98.88%

0 0 0 0 0 0 23 23 86

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 0.31% 0.82%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 5.59%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.31% 0.31% 1.12%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% #DIV/0! 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 7,508 7,508 7,663

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 73.25%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 73.25%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%

Total of All Subjects by Race

Female 

Male 

Unknown 

TOTAL

Table 16A. FOREIGN Aggregate Enrollment Data for Phase III Intramural Research Protocols Funded in FY2007 and Reported 

in FY2008: Percent Analysis

Total Number of Protocols 

with Enrollment Data: 

Number of Protocols with 

II. New Form (Part A): Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1997 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: 

Total of All Subjects by Race Total of All Subjects by Ethnicity

Female

Male

Unknown

Total
172

Table 16A

0

American 

Indian/ 

Alaska 

Native

Asian/ 

Pacific 

Islander

Black or 

African 

American

Hispanic White Unknown/ 

Other Total

Subtotal 

Using US 

Minority 

Categories 

(shaded): 

OLD FORM 

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%

Data Table Comments: 

More females (8,923; 85.29%) than males (1,539; 14.71%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Phase III Intramural Research Protocols.

More minority females (7,577; 98.88%) than males (86; 1.12%) were enrolled in aggregate Foreign Phase III Intramural Research Protocols.

Race

Approximately 73.25% (7,663) of participants in aggregate Foreign Phase III Intramural Research (10,462 total) were classified as minorities.

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 98.52% following the 1997 OMB standards.

Largest identified racial minority group was Black/African American at 1.48% following the 1997 OMB standards.

According to the 1997 OMB standards the smallest identified racial minorities were, American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander at 0.0%.

The data represented in Table 20A required no forgein reporting using the 1977 OMB Standards. 

Ethnicity

71.76% of participants identified their ethnicity as Hispanic or Latino following the 1997 OMB standards.

For participants reporting ethnicity as Hispanic/Latino:

Largest identified racial group was Unknown/Other at 100%.

Of the 7,508 participants, 99.69% were women and 0.31% were men.

Sex/Gender:

Bold: Percentage of Total No. of Participants in Research 

Protocols (Old or New Form)

Italics: Percentage of Total No. of Participants Sorted by 

Sex/Gender (Row Total)

Typeface: Percentage of Total No. of Participants sorted by 

Race/Ethnicity (Column Total)

Legend

Unknown

Total

Female

Male

Number of Protocols with 

III. Old Form: Total of All Subjects Reported Using the 1977 OMB Standards Enrollment Data: