THE NATIONAL 

NANOTECHNOLOGY INITIATIVE

Research and Development 

Leading to a Revolution in Technology and Industry

Supplement to the President’s FY 2008 Budget
About the National Science and Technology Council 

The National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) was established by Executive Order on November 23, 1993. 

The Cabinet-level council is the principal means by which the President coordinates science, space, and technology 

policies across the Federal Government. NSTC coordinates the diverse parts of the Federal research and development 

enterprise. An important objective of the NSTC is the establishment of clear national goals for Federal science and 

technology investments in areas ranging from nanotechnology and health research to improving transportation systems 

and strengthening fundamental research. The Council prepares research and development strategies that are coordinated 

across Federal agencies to form a comprehensive investment package aimed at accomplishing multiple national goals. To 

obtain additional information regarding the NSTC, visit the NSTC website at http://www.ostp.gov/nstc/.

About the Office of Science and Technology Policy 

The Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) was established by the National Science and Technology Policy, 

Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976. OSTP’s responsibilities include advising the President in policy formulation 

and budget development on all questions in which science and technology (S&T) are important elements; articulating 

the President’s S&T policies and programs; and fostering strong partnerships among Federal, State, and local 

governments, and the scientific communities in industry and academia. The Director of OSTP also serves as Science 

Advisor to the President and manages the NSTC for the President. For additional information regarding OSTP, visit the 

OSTP website at http://www.ostp.gov/. 

About this document 

This document is a supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget Request submitted to Congress on February 5, 2007. It 

gives a description of the activities underway in 2007 and planned for 2008 by the Federal Government agencies 

participating in the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI), primarily from a programmatic and budgetary 

perspective. It is based on the NNI Strategic Plan released in December 2004 and reports estimated investments for 2007 

and requested investments for 2008 by program component area (PCA), as called for under the provisions of the 21st 

Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act (Public Law 108-153). Additional information regarding the 

NNI is available on the NNI website at http://www.nano.gov/. 

About the cover 

The central image shows the location of the strongest hydrogen binding sites (red-green areas) in a metal-organic cage 

structure (ball and stick model superimposed) as measured at National Institute of Standards and Technology by neutron 

diffraction methods. The strength of the hydrogen binding at various sites in this system was also calculated (T. Yildirim 

and M. Hartman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 215504, 2005). This work indicates that a mass fraction of up to 11% hydrogen 

can be stored in this structure at low temperatures. This work illustrates the synergy of theory and experiment in 

nanomaterials research, as well as the potential for novel nanostructured materials to contribute to national priorities such 

as advanced energy storage technologies. 

Cover and book design 

Cover design is by Nicolle Rager of Sayo-Art. Book design is by staff members of the National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office (NNCO). 

Copyright information 

This document is a work of the U.S. Government and is in the public domain. Subject to stipulations below, it may be 

distributed and copied, with acknowledgement to the NNCO. Copyrights to graphics included in this document are 

reserved by original copyright holders or their assignees and are used here under the Government’s license and by 

permission. Requests to use any images must be made to the provider identified in the image credits, or to the NNCO if 

no provider is identified. 

Printed in the United States of America. 2007. 
The National Nanotechnology Initiative 

Research and Development Leading to a Revolution 

in Technology and Industry 

Supplement to the 

President’s 2008 Budget

July 2007

Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology 

Committee on Technology 

National Science and Technology Council 
Department and Agency Representatives

Office of Science and Technology 

Policy (OSTP) 

Celia Merzbacher 

Travis M. Earles 

Office of Management and Budget 

(OMB) 

Irene Kariampuzha 

Bureau of Industry and Security 

(BIS/DOC) 

Kelly Gardner 

Consumer Product Safety 

Commission (CPSC) 

Mary Ann Danello 

Treye Thomas 

Cooperative State Research, 

Education, and Extension Service 

(CSREES/USDA) 

Hongda Chen 

Department of Defense (DOD) 

James Short 

David Stepp 

Richard Colton 

Mihal Gross 

Gernot Pomrenke 

Department of Education (DOEd) 

Richard LaPointe 

Sharon Lee Miller 

Department of Energy (DOE) 

Patricia Dehmer 

Kristin Bennett 

Altaf Carim 

Aravinda Kini 

John Miller 

Brian Valentine 

Department of Homeland Security 

(DHS) 

Richard Lareau 

Eric Houser 

Keith Ward 

Department of Justice (DOJ) 

Stanley Erickson 

Department of Labor (DOL) 

Brad Wiggins 

Department of State (DOS) 

George Atkinson 

Ralph Braibanti 

Christopher Rothfuss 

Robert Rudnitsky 

Department of Transportation 

(DOT) 

Richard John 

Annalynn Lacombe 

Richard Livingston 

Department of the Treasury 

(DOTreas) 

John Bobalek 

Environmental Protection Agency 

(EPA) 

Stephen Lingle 

Flora Chow 

Nora Savage 

Philip Sayre 

Food and Drug Administration 

(FDA/DHHS) 

Norris Alderson 

Richard Canady 

Forest Service (FS/USDA) 

Christopher Risbrudt 

Theodore Wegner 

Intelligence Technology 

Innovation Center (ITIC) 

Susan Durham 

International Trade Commission 

(ITC) 

Elizabeth Nesbitt 

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration (NASA) 

Minoo Dastoor 

Murray Hirschbein 

National Institutes of Health 

(NIH/DHHS) 

Piotr Grodzinski 

Eleni Kousvelari 

Peter Moy 

Jeffery Schloss 

National Institute for 

Occupational Safety and Health 

(NIOSH/CDC/DHHS) 

Vladimir Murashov 

National Institute of Standards 

and Technology (NIST/DOC) 

Michael Postek 

Robert Shull 

National Science Foundation 

(NSF) 

Lance Haworth 

Maryanna Henkart 

Mihail Roco 

James Rudd 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission

(NRC) 

Mark Cunningham 

Technology Administration 

(TA/DOC) 

Connie Chang 

John Sargent 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 

Sarah Gerould 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office 

(USPTO/DOC) 

Charles Eloshway 

Bruce Kisliuk 

Report prepared by 

NATIONAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY COUNCIL 

COMMITTEE ON TECHNOLOGY (CT) 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON NANOSCALE SCIENCE, ENGINEERING, ANDTECHNOLOGY (NSET) 

CT Co-Chairs: Richard Russell, Associate Director, Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP) 

 Robert Cresanti, Under Secretary of Commerce for Technology 

CT Executive Secretary: Jason Boehm, National Institute of Standards and Technology 

NSET Subcommittee Agency Co-Chair: National Nanotechnology Coordination Office Director: 

 Altaf Carim Clayton Teague 

NSET Subcommittee OSTP Co-Chair: NSET Subcommittee Executive Secretary: 

Celia Merzbacher Geoffrey Holdridge
EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT 

OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY 

Washington, D.C. 20502

July 31, 2007 

MEMBERS OF CONGRESS: 

I am pleased to forward with this letter the annual report on the multi-agency National 

Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI). This Supplement to the President’s Budget for Fiscal Year 

2008 describes the programs and activities taking place across all 26 of the agencies that are 

participating today in the NNI. Nanotechnology research and development (R&D) is inherently 

multidisciplinary and the rate of progress depends on the strong interagency coordination that is 

taking place, as described in this report, to leverage expertise throughout the Federal 

Government. 

The NNI is now in its seventh year, and the proposed budget for Fiscal Year (FY) 2008 has 

grown to more than triple the amount spent at the outset in FY 2001, bringing the total 

investment to $8.3 billion. This sustained investment is advancing our understanding of the 

unique phenomena and processes that occur at the nanometer scale and expediting the 

responsible use of this knowledge to address national and global needs in the areas such as 

energy, security, and public health. 

Along with its investment in the development and application of nanotechnology, the NNI 

supports a coordinated program, with participation by both research and regulatory agencies, to 

understand potential health and environmental effects of nanotechnology. In addition, the NNI is 

expanding its activities to assess and address societal and ethical concerns associated with this 

emerging area of technology. 

In the coming years and decades, advances in nanotechnology will lead to new products, tools, 

processes, and ways of doing business. Whereas the economic impact is difficult to estimate, the 

widespread potential argues for continued public and private investments. As described in this 

report, the NNI is taking steps to leverage resources across all agencies to ensure that the Federal 

program leads to the expeditious and responsible development of nanotechnology for the 

Nation’s benefit and in support of our continued global leadership. 

Sincerely, 

John H. Marburger, III 

Director 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 1

TTaabblleeooffCCoonntteennttss

Table of Contents.....................................................................................................................................1

1. Introduction and Overview ..................................................................................................................3

What is Nanotechnology?....................................................................................................................3

Overview of National Nanotechnology Initiative................................................................................3

Purpose of this Report .........................................................................................................................5

2. NNI Investments..................................................................................................................................6

Budget Summary .................................................................................................................................6

Interagency Highlights.........................................................................................................................8

Changes for Individual Agencies.......................................................................................................12

Changes in Balance of Investments by PCA .....................................................................................18

Utilization of SBIR and STTR Programs to Advance Nanotechnology............................................24

3. NNI Management Structure and Key Management Activities in 2006–2008 ...................................25

National Science and Technology Council, NSET Subcommittee, and its Working Groups ...........25

External Reviews of the NNI.............................................................................................................27

Appendix A. List of Nanotechnology Centers, Networks, and Facilities Funded Under the NNI........29

Appendix B. Glossary............................................................................................................................34

Appendix C. Contact List ......................................................................................................................36
2 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 
The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 3

11..IInnttrroodduuccttiioonnaannddOOvveerrvviieeww

What is Nanotechnology? 

Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers 

(a nanometer is one-billionth of a meter), where unique phenomena enable novel applications. 

Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering, and technology, nanotechnology involves imaging, 

measuring, modeling, and manipulating matter at this length scale. At this level, the physical, chemical, and 

biological properties of materials may differ in fundamental and valuable ways from the properties of 

individual atoms and molecules or bulk matter. Nanotechnology research and development (R&D) is 

directed toward understanding and creating improved materials, devices, and systems that exploit these new 

properties. 

Thanks to the continuing support of this Administration and Congress, the U.S. National Nanotechnology 

Initiative (NNI) is a major driver for the responsible development of nanotechnology in the United States 

and the world. 

Overview of National Nanotechnology Initiative 

The NNI is a multi-agency U.S. Government program initiated in 20011 aimed at accelerating the 

discovery, development, and deployment of nanometer-scale science, engineering, and technology. The 

NNI is a coordinated program involving nanotechnology-related activities of 26 Federal agencies, 13 of 

which have budgets for nanotechnology R&D for 2008 (see Table 1). 

The vision of the NNI is a future in which the ability to understand and control matter on the nanoscale 

leads to a revolution in technology and industry. The current NNI Strategic Plan2

 specifies four goals aimed 

at achieving that overall vision: (1) maintain a world-class research and development program aimed at 

realizing the full potential of nanotechnology; (2) facilitate transfer of new technologies into products for 

economic growth, jobs, and other public benefit; (3) develop educational resources, a skilled workforce, and 

the supporting infrastructure and tools to advance nanotechnology; and (4) support responsible 

development of nanotechnology. 

Toward these goals, the NNI agencies have: 

• Funded thousands of individual R&D projects since the NNI’s inception, contributing to U.S. world 

leadership in share of citations in leading nanoscience and nanotechnology journals 

• ‘‘Produced significant advances in [a variety of potential] application areas and are progressing from 

fundamental discovery to technological applications and commercialization,’’ as reported by the 

National Academies3

• Funded almost $200 million in nanotechnology-related Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) 

and Small Business Technology Transfer Research (STTR) projects between 2004 and 2006 to aid in 

the commercialization of nanotechnology 

 

1

 General note: In conformance with Office of Management and Budget style, references to years in this report 

are to fiscal years unless otherwise noted. 2

 http://nano.gov/NNI_Strategic_Plan_2004.pdf 3

 A Matter of Size, Triennial Review of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, National Research Council, 

2006, p. 36. 
1. Introduction and Overview 

4 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Table 1 

List of Federal Agencies Participating in the NNI During 2007 

Federal agencies with budgets dedicated to nanotechnology research and development

Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES, Department of Agriculture) 

Department of Defense (DOD) 

Department of Energy (DOE) 

Department of Homeland Security (DHS) 

Department of Justice (DOJ) 

Department of Transportation (DOT) 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 

Forest Service (FS, Department of Agriculture) 

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) 

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST, Department of Commerce) 

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH, Department of Health and Human 

Services/Centers for Disease Control and Prevention) 

National Institutes of Health (NIH, Department of Health and Human Services) 

National Science Foundation (NSF) 

Other participating agencies

Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS, Department of Commerce) 

Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) 

Department of Education (DOEd) 

Department of Labor (DOL) 

Department of State (DOS) 

Department of the Treasury (DOTreas) 

Food and Drug Administration (FDA, Department of Health and Human Services) 

International Trade Commission (ITC) 

Intelligence Technology Innovation Center (ITIC) 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) 

Technology Administration (TA, Department of Commerce) 

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS, Department of Interior) 

U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO, Department of Commerce)

• Organized and conducted 16 workshops on cross-cutting areas of nanotechnology applications to 

solicit input from industry and academia in support of NNI strategic planning efforts 

• Organized and conducted two workshops as a means to coordinate Federal, State, and regional efforts 

in nanotechnology 

• Brought regulatory and research agencies to work together as expeditiously as possible to formulate 

strategies for promoting commercialization of nanotechnology-based applications that are now 

emerging, while protecting public health, safety, and the environment 

• Developed an extensive infrastructure of 64 major interdisciplinary research and education networks, 

centers, and user facilities across the country (see map on p. 21 and list in Appendix A, starting on 

p. 29) 

• Organized and conducted workshops on public participation; environmental, health, and safety 

research needs for engineered nanoscale materials; and ethical aspects of nanotechnology 
1. Introduction and Overview 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 5

• In 2005 through 2007, invested over $120 million in environmental, health, and safety R&D to 

understand and address potential risks associated with nanotechnology 

• Put in place major networks for developing public awareness of nanotechnology and formal educational 

programs in K-12, undergraduate, and graduate institutions 

The NNI Strategic Plan lays out seven categories of investment, or program component areas (PCAs), 

within the NNI, each aimed at helping to achieve one or more of the above goals. The PCAs are as follows: 

1. Fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes 

2. Nanomaterials 

3. Nanoscale devices and systems 

4. Instrumentation research, metrology, and standards for nanotechnology 

5. Nanomanufacturing 

6. Major research facilities and instrumentation acquisition 

7. Societal dimensions 

Federal agencies are making coordinated, strategic R&D investments related to the above categories, in 

support of national goals and agency missions. Through communication, coordination, and joint programs, 

NNI participating agencies continue to work together to strengthen the integration of their efforts into a 

comprehensive Federal nanotechnology program whose ‘‘whole,’’ in terms of NNI outputs, is truly greater 

than the sum of the individual agency contributions. 

Purpose of this Report 

This document provides supplemental information to the President’s Budget for 2008 and serves as the 

Annual Report on the NNI called for in the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act 

(PL 108-153). In particular, the report summarizes NNI programmatic activities for 2006 and 2007, as 

well as those planned for in 2008. NNI budgets for 2006--2008 are presented by agency and PCA. In 

addition, PCA 7 (societal dimensions) is divided into (a) research on environmental, health, and safety 

(EHS) and (b) education and ethical, legal, and other societal aspects of nanotechnology. The report also 

discusses progress that has been made toward achieving the goals set out in the NNI Strategic Plan and an 

analysis of external reviews of the NNI and how their recommendations are being addressed. Information 

on use of the SBIR and STTR program funds to support nanotechnology research and commercialization 

activities, also called for in PL 108-153, is included at the end of the next section of this report. 
6 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

22..NNNNIIIInnvveessttmmeennttss

Budget Summary 

The 2008 National Nanotechnology Initiative budget request for nanotechnology R&D across the Federal 

Government is over $1.44 billion, more than triple the estimated $464 million spent when the initiative 

started in 2001, and an increase of 13% over the 2007 request. The growth in NNI investments over the 

past seven years, along with a total cumulative funding for the NNI since its inception of $8.3 billion, 

reflects the consistent, strong support of this Administration and of Congress. This support is based on the 

potential of the NNI to expand our fundamental knowledge and to make important contributions to 

national priorities such as economic competitiveness, homeland and national security, and public health. 

The five agencies investing the most in nanotechnology R&D (i.e., National Science Foundation, 

Department of Defense, Department of Energy, National Institutes of Health, and National Institute for 

Standards and Technology) each have investments distributed across all seven PCAs. Funding among the 

PCAs by all 13 agencies with nanotechnology R&D budgets reflects a balanced strategic investment. 

Planned 2008 funding by PCA is as follows: (1) fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes ($491.8 

million); (2) nanomaterials ($290.7 million); (3) nanoscale devices and systems ($277.4 million); 

(4) instrumentation research, metrology, and standards for nanotechnology ($83.6 million); 

(5) nanomanufacturing ($44 million); (6) Major research facilities and instrumentation acquisition ($159.8 

million); and (7) societal dimensions ($97.5 million). 

The NNI investments are complementary to those of the American Competitiveness Initiative (ACI) 

announced in the President’s 2006 State of the Union address. In particular, proposed spending for basic 

research in physical sciences and engineering called for in the ACI, and included in the President’s 2007 

and 2008 budgets, includes many nanotechnology R&D programs described in this report. The enhanced 

Federal investments in mathematics and science education and in workforce development and training 

called for by the ACI leverage complementary NNI investments addressing education and workforce issues 

associated with advancing and realizing the benefits of nanotechnology. 

A summary of NNI investments for 2006 through 2008 is provided in Tables 2--7. Table 2 provides the 

2006 actual budget, the 2007 estimated budget, and the 2008 funding request for those Federal agencies 

with R&D budgets dedicated to nanotechnology research and development. Tables 3--5 provide 2006 

actual, 2007 estimated, and 2008 planned investments by program component area for each of these 

agencies. Tables 6 and 7 show estimates for agency investments in the societal dimensions PCA in two 

subcomponents: programs that are primarily directed at environmental, health, and safety (EHS) R&D, 

and programs for education-related activities and research on the broad implications of nanotechnology for 

society, including economic, workforce, educational, ethical, and legal implications. Finally, Table 8 (p. 24) 

shows SBIR and STTR investments related to nanotechnology for 2005 and 2006. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 7

Table 2 

NNI Budget, 2006--2008 (dollars in millions) 

2006 Actual 2007 Estimate 2008 Proposed 

NSF 359.7 373.2 389.9 

DOD* 423.9 417.2 374.7 

DOE 231.0 235.2 331.5 

DHHS (NIH) 191.6 193.8 202.9 

DOC (NIST) 77.9 84.2 96.6 

NASA 50.0 25.0 24.0 

EPA 4.5 8.5 10.2 

USDA (CSREES) 3.9 3.4 3.0 

DHHS (NIOSH) 3.8 6.6 4.6 

USDA/FS 2.3 2.6 4.6 

DHS 1.5 2.0 1.0 

DOJ 0.3 1.4 0.9 

DOT (FHWA) 0.9 0.9 0.9 

TOTAL† 1,351.2 1,353.9 1,444.8

* DOD budgets for 2006 and 2007 include Congressional additions of approximately $76 million and 

$63 million, respectively.

† Totals may not add due to rounding. 

Key points about the 2007 and 2008 NNI investments 

• The 2008 NNI budget request is over $1.44 billion, an increase of 13% over the 2007 request. 

• Overall NNI spending between 2006 and 2007 remained essentially flat at $1.35 billion, although the 

balance of investments by PCA changed somewhat. For example, investments related to societal 

dimensions of nanotechnology rose 17%, from $73.5 million in 2006 to an estimated $85.9 million in 

2007. 

• The 2008 request for EHS R&D of $58.6 million is an increase of 55% over actual 2006 investments. 

This growth addresses concerns that have been expressed in Congress and elsewhere about the adequacy 

of the NNI investments in this area, but also reflects a strategy of building capacity for nanotechnologyrelated EHS research through systematic program development. This figure includes funding for two 

joint interagency solicitations, one led by EPA focused on potential environmental implications of 

nanotechnology, and a second led by NIH focused on potential human health implications. The $58.6 

million figure does not include significant other EHS-related investments classified by the agencies as 

falling primarily under other NNI program component areas (e.g., instrumentation and metrology 

research that may result in new tools for EHS research). 

• The NNI investment by NSF, DOE’s Office of Science, and NIST in 2008 compared to 2006 actual 

expenditures will be increased by 22% collectively. This investment is consistent with the President’s 

commitment to double funding for these agencies over the next ten years as part of the American 

Competitiveness Initiative, and with their prioritization of nanotechnology research. 
2. NNI Investments 

8 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Table 3 

Actual 2006 Agency Investments by Program Component Area (dollars in millions) Fundamental Phenomena & Processes Nanomaterials Nanoscale Devices & Systems Instr. Research, Metrology, & Standards Nano- manufacturing Major Research Facilities & Instr. Acquisition Societal Dimensions

NNI Total

NSF 147.3 52.5 43.7 6.6 20.3 37.2 52.1 359.7 

DOD 184.6 109.7 110.4 10.8 3.1 4.3 1.0 423.9 

DOE 49.5 57.4 5.5 11.0 0.5 106.1 1.0 231.0 

DHHS (NIH) 39.6 16.8 117.2 6.9 1.7 0.1 9.3 191.6 

DOC (NIST) 21.9 8.4 18.7 14.9 6.9 4.7 2.4 77.9 

NASA 11.0 18.0 20.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 50.0 

EPA 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.7 4.5 

USDA (CSREES) 0.5 1.0 2.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.9 

DHHS (NIOSH) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.8 3.8 

USDA (FS) 0.4 1.0 0.2 0.5 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.3 

DHS 0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.5 

DOJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 

DOT (FHWA) 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 

TOTAL† 455.9 265.1 319.6 51.0 33.8 152.4 73.5 1,351.2 

† Totals may not add due to rounding. 

The following three sections provide narrative descriptions of interagency and single-agency 

nanotechnology activities as well as changes by program component area (PCA) with an emphasis on 

changes for 2007 and 2008. These descriptions are not intended to be inclusive of all ongoing activities, but 

rather represent a sampling of some of the most notable items. 

Interagency Highlights 

• All NNI Agencies: As discussed in more detail later in this report, members of the NSET 

Subcommittee’s Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) Working Group are 

working closely together in the development of an NNI-wide strategy for research addressing potential 

EHS implications of nanotechnology. 

• DOT, NSF: The Federal Highway Administration and NSF are jointly supporting research to 

improve fundamental understanding of nanoscale mechanisms controlling setting of Portland cement 

concrete. 

• EPA, NSF, DOE: Participation in an interagency solicitation addressing potential environmental 

implications of nanotechnology will expand. DOE will begin participating in this multi-agency activity 

in 2008, joining EPA and NSF. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 9

Table 4 

Estimated 2007 Agency Investments by Program Component Area (dollars in millions) Fundamental Phenomena & Processes Nanomaterials Nanoscale Devices & Systems Instr. Research, Metrology, & Standards Nano- manufacturing Major Research Facilities & Instr. Acquisition Societal Dimensions

NNI Total

NSF 131.8 58.0 50.3 15.0 27.2 31.9 59.0 373.2 

DOD 181.0 84.8 107.5 9.5 4.8 28.6 1.0 417.2 

DOE 51.8 58.8 15.6 12.0 0.5 95.9 0.5 235.2 

DHHS (NIH) 43.1 16.7 115.9 6.7 1.7 0.1 9.4 193.8 

DOC (NIST) 25.7 7.8 13.4 20.4 9.6 4.2 3.0 84.2 

NASA 1.0 12.0 11.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 25.0 

EPA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.9 8.5 

USDA (CSREES) 0.5 0.8 1.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.4 

DHHS (NIOSH) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.7 4.9 6.6 

USDA (FS) 0.4 1.3 0.7 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 2.6 

DHS 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.0 

DOJ 0.0 0.0 0.6 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.4 

DOT (FHWA) 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 

TOTAL† 436.5 240.4 319.1 64.5 45.1 162.4 85.9 1,353.9 

†Totals may not add due to rounding. 

• NASA, NSF: These two agencies held a joint principal investigator meeting in December 2006 to 

facilitate interchange between the nanotechnology R&D centers that they have funded, as part of an 

ongoing collaboration between NASA, NSF, and other NNI agencies. 

• NIH, EPA, NIOSH: A new interagency solicitation focused on potential health implications of 

nanotechnology is starting in 2007. This is led by NIH’s National Institute of Environmental and 

Health Sciences (NIEHS) and includes participation by five other NIH institutes as well as EPA and 

NIOSH. 

• NIH, FDA, NIST: The Nanotechnology Characterization Lab (NCL) of the National Cancer 

Institute (NCI) is developing a battery of characterization tests for preclinical evaluation of 

nanomaterials intended for cancer therapeutics. This work is being done in partnership with FDA and 

NIST and is aimed at stimulating further development of nanoparticles, development of standards for 

their characterization, and accelerating transition of these technologies to the clinic. 

• NIH, FDA, NIOSH: The National Toxicology Program (led by NIEHS) is developing and carrying 

out research and testing programs addressing health and safety issues in collaboration with NIOSH, the 

FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, and the NCI Nanotechnology Characterization Lab. 

• NIH, NSF, DOE: Several NIH program solicitations have explicitly called attention to resources 

provided by the centers that are supported by other agencies (e.g., NSF, DOE). Resulting NIHsupported projects collaborate actively with those centers. 
2. NNI Investments 

10 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Table 5 

Planned 2008 Agency Investments by Program Component Area (dollars in millions) Fundamental Phenomena & Processes Nanomaterials Nanoscale Devices & Systems Instr. Research, Metrology, & Standards Nano- manufacturing Major Research Facilities & Instr. Acquisition Societal Dimensions

NNI Total

NSF 142.7 60.2 51.1 14.5 26.9 31.6 62.9 389.9 

DOD 179.1 91.7 70.6 8.3 1.0 23.0 1.0 374.7 

DOE 85.4 99.8 13.5 26.7 2.0 100.6 3.5 331.5 

DHHS (NIH) 53.3 16.5 114.9 6.7 1.7 0.1 9.7 202.9 

DOC (NIST) 27.1 8.0 13.5 26.4 11.1 4.5 6.0 96.6 

NASA 1.0 12.0 10.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 24.0 

EPA 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.6 10.2 

USDA (CSREES) 0.4 0.8 1.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 3.0 

DHHS (NIOSH) 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.6 4.6 

USDA (FS) 1.7 1.5 1.0 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 4.6 

DHS 0.0 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0 

DOJ 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 

DOT (FHWA) 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 

TOTAL* 491.8 290.7 277.4 83.6 44.0 159.8 97.5 1,444.8

• NIST, NASA, NIOSH: These agencies have initiated a coordinated effort to develop the first 

Reference Material (RM) for residual catalyst content in carbon nanotube (CNT)-bearing material, 

enabling manufacturers to produce uniform materials that meet the requirements of the marketplace. 

Carbon nanotubes have the potential of leading to significant advances in microelectronics and 

materials manufacturing because of their potential for improving the mechanical, thermal, and 

electrical properties of the materials in which they are incorporated. 

• NSF, DOD, NIST: The National Nanomanufacturing Network established in 2007 will become fully 

operational in 2008. This is a partnership between four NSF Nanoscale Science and Engineering 

Centers (NSECs), DOD laboratories, and NIST. Industry, business, and professional organizations 

working for nanotechnology development will also participate. The central node of the network will be 

the Center for Hierarchical Manufacturing at the University of Massachusetts/Amherst. Three other 

nodes will be the Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing at Northeastern University, the Center for 

Scalable and Integrated Nanomanufacturing at UCLA, and the Center for Nanoscale ChemicalElectrical-Mechanical Manufacturing Systems at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. 

• NSF, DOD, NASA: These agencies are coordinating their efforts on simulations in nanoelectronics. 

• NSF, DOD, NIH: These agencies are coordinating their nanoscience and nanotechnology research 

and training activities. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 11

Table 6 

Budget for Environmental, Health, and Safety R&D, 2006--2008 

(dollars in millions) 

2006 Actual 2007 Estimate 2008 Request

NSF 21.0 25.7 28.8 

DOD 1.0 1.0 1.0 

DOE 0.5 0.0 3.0 

DHHS (NIH) 5.2 5.4 5.7 

DOC (NIST) 2.4 2.8 5.8 

NASA 0.0 0.0 0.0 

EPA 3.7 7.9 9.6 

USDA (CSREES) 0.1 0.1 0.1 

DHHS (NIOSH) 3.8 4.9 4.6 

USDA (FS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DOJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DOT (FHWA) 0.0 0.0 0.0 

TOTAL 37.7 47.8 58.6

Table 7 

Budget for Education and Ethical, Legal, and Other Societal Issues, 2006--2008

(dollars in millions) 

2006 Actual 2007 Estimate 2008 Request

NSF 31.0 33.4 34.2 

DOD 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DOE 0.5 0.5 0.5 

DHHS (NIH) 4.1 4.0 4.0 

DOC (NIST) 0.0 0.2 0.2 

NASA 0.0 0.0 0.0 

EPA 0.0 0.0 0.0 

USDA (CSREES) 0.1 0.1 0.1 

DHHS (NIOSH) 0.0 0.0 0.0 

USDA (FS) 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DHS 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DOJ 0.0 0.0 0.0 

DOT (FHWA) 0.0 0.0 0.0 

TOTAL 35.7 38.2 39.0

 
2. NNI Investments 

12 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Changes for Individual Agencies 

DOD: Since DOD is a mission-oriented agency, its nanotechnology programs are distinguished from some 

other Federal agencies in that the program activities are simultaneously focused on scientific and technical 

merit and on relevance to the agency. With respect to scientific and technical merit, in keeping with the 

NNI vision, the overall technical objective of these programs is to develop understanding and control of 

matter at dimensions of approximately 1 to 100 nanometers, where the physical, chemical, and biological 

properties may differ in fundamental and valuable ways from those of individual atoms, molecules, or bulk 

matter. With respect to relevance to the agency’s mission, DOD continues to pursue the overall objective of 

discovering and exploiting unique phenomena at nanoscale dimensions to enable novel applications 

enhancing war fighter and battle systems capabilities. Scientific breakthroughs and advances in the last ten 

years demonstrate the potential for nanotechnology to impact a tremendous number of key capabilities for 

future war fighting, e.g., chemical and biological warfare defense; high-performance materials for platforms 

and weapons; unprecedented information technology; revolutionary energy and energetic materials; and 

uninhabited vehicles and miniature satellites. 

DOD requests for 2008 include sustained emphasis on fundamental phenomena and processes, with 

slightly reduced requests compared to prior years in nanoscale devices and systems and in 

nanomanufacturing. An increase in DOD’s requests in major research facilities and instrumentation 

acquisition shows the agency’s important contribution to this investment mode. DOD investments for 

2006 and 2007 shown in Tables 2--4 include significant amounts of Congressional additions (earmarks). 

These additions, particularly notable in the nanomaterials PCA, are outside the DOD planned programs 

and R&D and significantly complicate the assessment of current and proposed funding levels for the DOD 

investment in nanotechnology. 

In order to identify and capture the critical technological breakthroughs needed to provide revolutionary 

advantages for war fighter and battle systems capabilities, it is critical for DOD to maintain a 

nanotechnology research and development investment portfolio that is stable (relative to the overall DOD 

research and development budget) and strategic (relative to the worldwide investment). Additional details 

are available from DOD’s annual report to Congress outlining its nanoscience and nanotechnology R&D 

programs; see http://nano.gov/html/res/pdf/DefenseNano2007.pdf. 

DOE: The 2008 DOE request for NNI activities represents an overall increase of about $38 million (or 

13%) over the 2007 request, based on reporting from the Office of Science (SC) (including the Offices of 

Basic Energy Sciences, Biological and Environmental Research, and Advanced Scientific Computing 

Research) and the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE). The Office of Science 

request includes additional funding for activities related to the hydrogen economy and for research relevant 

to environmental and ecological aspects of nanomaterials. Among the program component areas, the largest 

increase for DOE/SC is in fundamental nanoscale phenomena and processes, but there are increases in most 

other PCAs as well. 

EERE is reporting nanotechnology investments for 2006--2008 that were not captured in earlier NNI 

reports and tabulations; these amount to nearly $46 million of the 2008 request. DOE/EERE funds are 

greatest, and show the largest increase, in the nanomaterials PCA; additional EERE investments in 

nanoscale devices and systems and in nanomanufacturing also will increase in 2008. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 13

A major milestone in 2008 is the planned project completion and start of full operations at DOE's fifth 

Nanoscale Science Research Center (NSRC) user facility, the Center for Functional Materials (CFN) at 

Brookhaven National Laboratory. It joins the four other DOE NSRCs: the Center for Nanophase Materials 

Sciences (CNMS) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory; the Molecular Foundry at Lawrence Berkeley 

National Laboratory; the Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies (CINT) at Sandia and Los Alamos 

National Laboratories; and the Center for Nanoscale Materials (CNM) at Argonne National Laboratory. 

These major facilities are available to all prospective users, with equipment and staff time allocated on the 

basis of peer review of proposals. Further information on the NSRCs and on other DOE NNI efforts can 

be found at http://www.nano.energy.gov. 

DOT: The Federal Highway Administration is supporting research aimed at improving fundamental 

understanding of the structure and properties of highway construction materials at the nanoscale. For 

example, asphalt research conducted under contract to the Western Research Institute concerns the use of 

atomic force microscopy to characterize the morphology of asphaltenes, which are the nanoparticle 

components of asphalt, as a function of temperature, chemical composition, and other factors. 

EPA: EPA is developing a nanotechnology research strategy for fiscal years 2007--2012 that is problemdriven, focused on addressing the agency's needs. The framework for this strategy involves conducting 

research to understand engineered nanoscale materials, in particular those with the greatest potential to be 

released into the environment and that pose potentially significant risks to human health or ecosystems, 

from a life cycle perspective. EPA also will conduct research to identify approaches for detecting and 

measuring engineered nanoscale materials, through SBIR contracts and internal and external research. 

In 2007 and 2008, EPA will focus on the following high-priority areas: environmental fate, transport, 

transformation, and exposure; and monitoring and detection methods. The agency is collaborating with 

academia and industry to fill knowledge gaps in these areas. The agency is also working on a variety of 

international efforts including participation in the Organization for Economic Cooperation and 

Development’s efforts to address possible EHS implications of engineered nanoscale materials. EPA is 

launching a collaborative process to design a Nanoscale Materials Stewardship Program under the Toxic 

Substances Control Act (TSCA), to complement and support its efforts on new and existing nanoscale 

materials. Depending on the process, components of the Stewardship Program could include: assembling 

existing data and information from manufacturers and processors of existing chemical nanoscale materials; 

encouraging the development of test data needed to provide a firm scientific foundation for future work 

and regulatory/policy decisions; and identifying and encouraging use of a basic set of risk management 

practices in developing and commercializing applications of engineered nanoscale materials. 

EPA’s investments in EHS research have more than doubled------from $3.7 million in 2006 to $9.6 million 

requested for 2008. This increase is a key component of the agency’s specific goals and the NNI’s overall 

strategy of increasing investments in this area. For the first time in 2007 this program includes intramural 

research within EPA’s Office of Research and Development, as well as the extramural program that has 

been in place for several years. EPA will redirect $1.6 million in 2008 to research aimed at understanding 

and characterizing the fate, transport, and transformation of engineered nanoscale materials. 

By the end of 2007, EPA’s extramural nanotechnology R&D program will have awarded a cumulative total 

of approximately 35 grants totaling over $12 million for development of environmental applications of 

nanotechnology, and 51 grants totaling over $17 million to study potential health and ecological 

implications of nanotechnology. The grants for implications research support work related to engineered 
2. NNI Investments 

14 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

nanoscale materials for toxicological and biological effects; environmental and biological fate, transport, and 

transformation; exposure/bioavailability for humans and other species; and life cycle assessment. They are 

being funded as EPA’s part of a series of interagency research solicitations designed to coordinate research 

activities in this area. The EPA’s SBIR program has awarded 32 contracts to small businesses for 

nanotechnology research. Future SBIR awards are expected to be targeted towards detection of engineered 

nanoscale materials in various environmental media. 

EPA has drafted a Nanotechnology White Paper4

 that identifies key science issues and research needs 

related to identifying and understanding potential applications of nanotechnology for environmental 

protection as well as potential human health and ecological impacts from exposure to engineered nanoscale 

materials in the environment. 

FDA: Efforts are underway at FDA to address scientific and policy concerns and issues related to 

nanotechnology use for the entire spectrum of FDA-regulated products. These activities are being 

conducted under the auspices of the recently established FDA Nanotechnology Task Force and the 

Nanotechnology Interest Group (NIG). The NIG comprises review-level scientists who are uniquely 

qualified to provide input on nanotechnology-enabled product development. 

FDA has launched a website (http://www.fda.gov/nanotechnology/) for sharing and communicating 

information and new scientific findings about nanotechnology. 

 

NASA: NASA focuses on the application of nanotechnology to space exploration, in keeping with the 

priorities of the agency’s missions. Special emphasis is placed on NASA unique requirements, namely 

structures and devices that function in the extreme environments of space (e.g., radiation and wide 

temperature fluctuations). The agency’s present investments in nanotechnology are in the following three 

areas: (1) high-strength, lightweight materials, with an eventual goal to progress towards multifunctional 

materials; (2) devices and sensor suites that operate with a high degree of sensitivity, reliability, and 

autonomy under low power requirements; and (3) radiation-resistant and fault-tolerant systems capable of 

sustained performance under extreme environments. The University Research, Engineering, and 

Technology Institutes (URETIs) that NASA funded early in the NNI are nearing the end of their five-year 

funding commitments. However, the regional NASA centers are continuing to invest in nanotechnology 

R&D within their normal programs, as opportunities arise for exploiting nanotechnology-based solutions 

to their programmatic needs. 

 

Some examples of where NASA centers are exploring such opportunities are as follows. The agency has 

demonstrated the ability to rapidly cure ceramic precursor materials designed for use in the on-orbit repair 

of carbon reinforced materials. NASA’s Johnson Space Center (JSC) is working with the State of Texas and 

the Nanoelectronics Research Initiative to investigate the use of a laser ablation process to produce 

conductive ‘‘armchair’’ single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNTs). JSC and the Ames Research Center have 

initiated a multidisciplinary effort focused on the incorporation of carbon nanotubes into a phenolic 

ablative material intended for use on next-generation spacecraft thermal protection systems. NASA Glenn 

Research Center has developed polymer cross-linked aerogels------modified silica aerogels with significantly 

enhanced durability and mechanical properties------and has fabricated novel nanocomposites that will be 

tested on the International Space Station. NASA Glenn continues to work on taking advantage of enhanced 

 

4

 See http://epa.gov/osa for the current draft 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 15

electromechanical properties in CNT nanocomposites to enable low-voltage electroactive material systems. 

There is great potential for using CNT composites in sensors and actuators. 

NIH: NIH’s priorities for nanotechnology research continue to be creation of improved diagnostic and 

therapeutic approaches and devices, and development of new research capabilities to understand 

fundamental biomedical mechanisms. This research aims to improve the health of the U.S. population and 

to reduce suffering from disease and disability. There is no significant change in priorities from 2007 to 

2008. NIH is continuing a network of nanotechnology research centers, funded both by individual NIH 

institutes and under the NIH-wide Nanomedicine Roadmap Initiative. NIH also has created an NIH-wide 

Nanotechnology Task Force to coordinate nanotechnology-related investments at the various institutes. 

The core of NIH-supported nanotechnology research continues to be investigator-initiated grants whose 

topics range from exploring basic phenomena at the nanotechnology/biomedical interface to the application 

of that knowledge for disease diagnosis and remediation. NIH’s centers programs promote multidisciplinary 

R&D that engages basic biological science, physical science, and clinical perspectives and expertise. They 

leverage and enhance the investments of other Federal agencies in their nanotechnology R&D centers. 

A consortium of 17 NIH institutes has re-released the solicitation, ‘‘Nanoscience and Nanotechnology for 

Biology and Medicine,’’ for regular research grants and feasibility projects. The number of active awards 

resulting from this opportunity has more than tripled between 2004 and 2007. This program is expected to 

remain active in 2008. A parallel SBIR/STTR program solicitation involving 19 institutes and centers was 

reissued in 2006 and has resulted in as many as 44 active awards in a single fiscal year. Large centers and 

related programs at the NCI, NHLBI, and Nanomedicine Roadmap Initiative will continue in 2008. The 

National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research investment in PCA 2 is expected to increase in 2007 

as a result of a 2006 request for applications (RFA) for development of nanostructured dental composite 

materials. 

The Trans-NIH Nanotechnology Task Force has been created for the purposes of achieving better 

information exchange, planning, and coordination, both inside the NIH and with external partners. Within 

NIH, assessment of the current portfolio to identify potential gaps and develop an integrated strategy to 

improve public health through nanomedicine is underway. NIH is also actively exploring opportunities to 

form partnerships in several areas related to that mission. 

NIEHS has expanded its nanomaterials health and safety research activities through participation in two 

workshops sponsored by the International Council on Nanotechnology (ICON), Rice University, through 

a grant funded by NSF. The first workshop was cosponsored by the Trans-NIH Nanotechnology Task 

Force and NIEHS. The workshops identified global research priorities for classification of nanomaterials 

and for development of predictive models of toxicity. They also provided an opportunity to expand 

academic, industrial, and global dialogue on nanotechnology. Additionally, NIEHS, in partnership with the 

National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, is developing an integrated health and safety 

research framework, the NanoHealth Initiative, for consideration by the task force. 

For 2007-2008, the NIEHS National Toxicology Program (NTP) will continue its research program as 

outlined under the NTP Nanotechnology Safety Initiative (http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/nanotech). The 

goal is to evaluate the toxicological properties of major nanoscale materials classes representing a crosssection of composition, size, surface coatings, and physicochemical properties. These nanoscale materials 
2. NNI Investments 

16 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

classes will then be used as model systems to investigate fundamental questions concerning if and how 

nanoscale materials can interact with biological systems. Specific classes of nanomaterials being evaluated 

primarily in rodent toxicology models include quantum dots, metal oxides, and carbon fullerenes. Programs 

to investigate several other classes of materials are being developed. 

The NCI’s Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory performs preclinical efficacy and toxicity testing 

of engineered nanoscale materials intended for cancer therapies and diagnostics. Such testing lays a scientific 

foundation that will enable FDA to make sound decisions concerning the safety and efficacy of nanoscale 

materials for cancer diagnostics, imaging agents, and therapeutics. Recently NCL has extended its work to 

in vivo models and testing by working with the NCI intramural small animal facility. NCL and NCI’s 

Office of Technology and Industrial Relations are also founding entities of new small animal imaging 

infrastructure in Frederick, Maryland, jointly with the Center for Cancer Research and the NCI Molecular 

Imaging Program. NCI has launched a website (http://ncl.cancer.gov/) for sharing and communicating 

information about its nanotechnology R&D program. 

NIOSH: NIOSH continues to ramp up its important investments in R&D related to worker health and 

safety, in close coordination with other DHHS agencies (e.g., those participating in the National 

Toxicology Program). The NIOSH budget request has increased from $3.0 million for 2006 to 

$4.6 million for 2008. This overall increase between 2006 and 2008 will allow support for additional 

intramural and extramural projects targeted to address critical research gaps around occupational safety and 

health of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. The investment for 2007 includes a one-time allocation of 

$1.7 million for acquisition of specialized equipment and facilities to be used in NIOSH’s intramural 

nanotechnology research program. 

In 2006 NIOSH’s Nanotechnology Research Center conducted a critical gap analysis of research needs in 

the area of occupational safety and health of nanotechnology and announced an intramural RFA to address 

identified gaps. Following internal and external peer review, six additional projects were selected for funding 

in 2007 and 2008. The projects will look into (1) conducting a risk assessment on carbon nanotubes, (2) 

identifying the next important area of toxicology research such as a class of nanoparticles or a not widely 

studied organ system, (3) advancing metrology in a way that will help in risk assessment, and (4) filling an 

important information gap in NIOSH control guidance. 

NIST: In 2006 NIST launched the Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (CNST), a state-of-theart center for collaborative nanotechnology research at its Gaithersburg campus. Scientists from U.S. 

companies, universities, and government will focus on overcoming major technical obstacles to costeffective manufacturing of products made with components the size of atoms and molecules. Additional 

foci at NIST include the development of standard reference materials for nanotechnology and other 

research related to nanomanufacturing. 

In the quest for ever-higher and faster electronic storage capacity, the ability to move information stored in 

magnetic domains by a flowing current suggests novel approaches to future storage device designs. NIST’s 

CNST has imaged and modeled the novel phenomenon of current-induced domain wall motion in 

magnetic nanowires. 

NSF: Increased support is expected for use of quantum phenomena in nanoscale devices, self-assembly 

processes at various length scales, and active nanostructures and nanosystems. As discussed in more detail on 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 17

p. 23 in the section describing changes in balance of investments by PCA, NSF will establish a new center 

on environmental implications of nanotechnology in 2008. The national outreach of the nanotechnology 

research and education networks (National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, Network for 

Computational Nanotechnology, Nanotechnology in Society Network, Nanoscale Center for Learning and 

Teaching, Nanoscale Informal Science Education, Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers, National 

Nanomanufacturing Network, and Materials Research Science and Education Centers) will be expanded. 

There will be an increased focus on using nanotechnology for water filtration and energy conversion. 

Further information on the NSF NNI efforts can be found at http://www.nsf.gov/nano. 

 

USDA/CSREES: The Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (CSREES) continues 

to explore new ways to accelerate advances of nanotechnology-based devices and systems (including those 

that are wearable, implantable, and portable) for biological processes critical to agriculture production, food 

safety and quality, agricultural biosecurity, and human health (e.g., issues related to weight management 

and obesity). The Nanoscale Science and Engineering for Agriculture and Food Systems Program, under 

the USDA/CSREES National Research Initiative (NRI) competitive research grant program, will combine 

the resources from both 2007 and 2008 for solicitation at an anticipated level of approximately $5 million 

in 2008. 

The funding distribution among the PCAs is expected to be similar to that of 2006. Issues of particular 

interest to CSREES include (1) monitoring energy balance to effectively manage individual food intake for 

controlling weight and obesity; (2) sensitive early detection of zoonotic diseases; (3) sensitive and rapid tools 

for simultaneous quantification and qualification of multiple pathogenic organisms; (4) intelligent tools for 

improving animal reproduction; and (5) food and agricultural product identity tracking and preservation. 

As a result of fundamental research supported by other NNI agencies (e.g., NSF, DOE, NIH, and others), 

new nanomaterials have become available, and new concepts and prototypes of nanotechnology-based 

devices and systems have been explored. USDA/CSREES intends to utilize these new capabilities to address 

some of the most challenging issues facing agriculture and foods. 

USDA/FS: The Forest Service, which reported R&D spending on nanotechnology for the first time in 

2007, plans to increase its R&D expenditures in nanotechnology by $1--2 million per year. Advances in 

nanoscale science and engineering support the agency’s efforts to understand the material properties of 

wood in order to improve the range of applications and performance of wood-based products. Knowledge 

of the nanoscale biological processes that give wood its useful properties may also lead to novel methods of 

manufacturing. 

In 2007 and 2008, Forest Service R&D is focused in a number of research areas: developing artifact-free 

metrology techniques to study the nanoscale properties of wood and wood-based materials; improving 

wood-based specimen preparation techniques to enable enhanced characterization; improving wood 

adhesive bond durability; investigating methods for making more accurate measurement of the chemistry at 

the nanoscale interface of adhesives and the wood-cell walls; studying cellulose nanocrystals for use as a 

potentially low-cost source of nanoscale fibers with benefits similar to carbon nanotubes but at a fraction of 

their cost; and evaluating the utilization of nanoscale carbon particles in waste streams from wood 

processing facilities, such as sawmills and wood composite plants, as reinforcing agents in structural woodbased composites. 
2. NNI Investments 

18 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

USPTO: The USPTO hosts an annual Nanotechnology Customer Partnership meeting so that USPTO 

officials and patents stakeholders can confer on a regular basis to share concerns and information related to 

the patenting of nanotechnology. The agency continues to provide both enhanced in-depth technical 

training for patent examiners on the state of the art in nanotechnology and greater access to nanotechnology 

technical information to improve the knowledge base of USPTO examiners. The USPTO has an ongoing 

classification project related to nanotechnology. The agency completed an expansion of this single-subclass 

digest by developing a comprehensive nanotechnology cross-reference art collection classification (Class 

977, Nanotechnology). Class 977 includes 263 subclasses, definitions, and search notes. It is the first fullyexpanded patent-related nanotechnology classification schedule developed by any major intellectual 

property office in the world. 

Changes in Balance of Investments by PCA5

PCA 1: Fundamental Phenomena and Processes

Significant increases in funding are requested for 2008 for fundamental phenomena and processes across 

most of the major funding agencies, with the exception of NSF and NASA. NSF funding in this PCA 

remains relatively level. NASA funding for this PCA has dropped by 90% since 2006, as the agency 

continues to put emphasis on near-term mission priorities in a constrained budget environment. 

• DOE: As DOE's largest category of NNI research support (outside of the development of major user 

facilities under PCA 6), substantial increases in research related to fundamental nanoscale phenomena 

and processes constitute the largest share of the overall DOE increase in NNI activity from 2007 to the 

2008 request. This is also commensurate with the implementation of the American Competitiveness 

Initiative. 

• NSF: Increased focus will be placed on understanding quantum phenomena and their use in devices 

and systems, self-assembly on multiple scales, and complex behavior of large nanosystems. The 

convergence of nanotechnology with information technology, modern biology, and social sciences will 

reinvigorate discoveries and innovation. 

• USDA/FS: New efforts have begun at the Forest Service to investigate and improve fundamental 

understanding of the structure and properties of cellulose at the nanoscale. 

PCA 2: Nanomaterials 

An increase in the aggregate NNI spending on nanomaterials research is requested for 2008, although not 

across all agencies. 

• DOD: Congressional additions constitute a significant portion of the DOD research and development 

budget focused on nanotechnology. These additions significantly complicate the assessment of current 

and proposed funding levels for the DOD investment in nanotechnology, as they are difficult to 

identify and to evaluate. Congressional additions explain most of the change between 2006 investments 

in this area and those shown for the 2007 investment and the 2008 request in Tables 4 and 5 above. 

• DOE: The substantial increases in this PCA from year to year that are reflected in the tables, and the 

increases in the numbers reported here versus those reported previously for the same years, result both 

from research initiatives that are in support of the American Competitiveness Initiative and from the 

addition of reporting from the Department's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. 

 

5

 Changes are as compared to NNI investments described in the NNI Supplement to the President’s 2007 Budget. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 19

• NSF: Increased focus will be placed on nanostructured materials with emergent behavior and support 

for study of biologically-based or -inspired systems that exhibit novel properties and potential 

applications. Simulation-based design of nanostructured materials will be emphasized. 

• USDA/FS: New efforts are focused on specialized bark cell wall characterization and utilization of 

nanoscale carbon materials recovered from gasification of woody biomass. 

PCA 3: Nanoscale Devices and Systems 

The apparent reduction in funding for this PCA is primarily due to the difference between the reported 

2007 investment and the 2008 President's budget request for DOD. This difference is largely due to 

Congressional set asides, which are included in the reported 2007 investment, but cannot be included in 

the President's 2008 budget request. 

• NIH: While NIH’s request for this PCA is essentially level with 2007 estimates, the National Heart, 

Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has increased its investment in this PCA by $3 million as a result 

of doubling of the budgets of the existing centers in the NHLBI Programs of Excellence in 

Nanotechnology. 

• NSF: Under this PCA, NSF continues its research focus on active nanostructures and nanosystems, 

including new concepts to understand interactions among nanoscale devices in complex systems, such 

as the physical, chemical, and biological interactions between nanostructures and device components. 

Research on nanoelectronics ‘‘beyond silicon’’ and complementary metal-oxide semiconductors 

(CMOS) will explore replacing electron charge as the information carrier, bottom-up device assembly 

technologies at the atomic and molecular levels, and new system architectures using nanoscale 

components. 

PCA 4: Instrumentation Research, Metrology, and Standards for Nanotechnology 

Steady increases in funding are projected for instrumentation, metrology, and standards research, 

particularly at DOE and NIST. Some of this increased spending is related to instrumentation, metrology, 

and standards needs for EHS research. 

• DOE: A moderate increase in this PCA for DOE reflects overall increases across the various types of 

nanotechnology research supported in DOE's Office of Basic Energy Sciences in 2008. 

• NIST, NASA, NIOSH: Carbon nanotubes have the potential of leading to significant advances in 

microelectronics and materials manufacturing because of their ability to improve the mechanical, 

thermal, and electrical properties of the materials in which they are found. NIST, NASA, and NIOSH 

have initiated a coordinated effort to develop the first Reference Material for residual catalyst content in 

carbon nanotube-bearing material, enabling manufacturers to produce uniform materials that meet the 

requirements of the marketplace. 

• NSF: A special challenge is developing tools for measuring and restructuring matter with atomic 

precision, for time resolution of chemical reactions, and for domains of biological and engineering 

relevance. A new focus will be on behavior of nanostructured materials under extreme conditions such 

as low temperature and high magnetic fields. 

PCA 5: Nanomanufacturing 

Across the NNI as a whole, increased spending on nanomanufacturing is expected in 2007 and 2008 

compared to earlier years, with substantial increases over 2006, particularly at NIST and NSF. 
2. NNI Investments 

20 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

• DOD: The variations in DOD funding for nanomanufacturing research are due to typical turnover 

within the programs and the changes in Congressional additions within the data (approximately $2 

million of the 2007 amount for this PCA). 

• DOE: The Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy expects to increase its 

nanomanufacturing-related activities in 2008. 

• NIST: Measurement science and standards at NIST in support of nanomanufacturing continues to be 

substantial and includes nanoparticle standards for improved characterization of manufactured 

products. Efforts focus on developing the technical and measurement infrastructure required by U.S. 

industry to translate potential nanotechnologies into manufacturable, market-ready products. 

• NSF: A focus will be creating active nanostructures and complex nanosystems. This will include R&D 

and integration of ultra-miniaturized top-down processes, increasingly complex bottom-up or selfassembly processes, nanobiomanufacturing, and developing novel concepts for high-rate synthesis and 

processing of nanostructures and nanosystems. 

PCA 6: Major Research Facilities and Instrumentation Acquisition 

As described in Section 1 and validated by the National Academies report released in 2006, a key element of 

the NNI investment strategy is to create a network of interdisciplinary research centers and user facilities 

with state-of-the-art equipment for nanoscale science and technology research. Figure 1 (p. 21) shows the 

geographic location of all agency centers, networks, and user facilities that have been created under NNI 

auspices over the past seven years. These are listed in Appendix A. 

Relatively flat funding is expected for major research facilities and instrumentation acquisition as NSF and 

DOE near completion of their major infrastructure development efforts. 

• DOD: The 2007 program for this PCA includes an expected increase of approximately $21 million in 

order to develop novel lithography instrumentation for affordable, high-performance, low-volume, and 

application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs). Furthermore, this new facility and instrumentation 

initiative will provide a cost-effective manufacturing technology for low-volume nanoelectromechanical 

systems (NEMS) and nanophotonic devices. 

• DOE: The funds within this PCA change relatively little from previous years to 2008, but there is a 

substantial shift in activity to facility operations as physical construction and initial outfitting of the 

Nanoscale Science Research Centers are completed. These major user facilities are a primary 

component of the scientific infrastructure developed through the NNI. All five DOE NSRCs are 

anticipated to be in full operation by the middle of 2008. 

• NIOSH: In 2007 NIOSH has allocated $1.7 million for a one-time investment in equipment and 

facilities in support of its intramural nanotechnology research programs. 

• NIST: The staff of NIST’s state-of-the-art collaborative nanotechnology research center, the Center for 

Nanoscale Science and Technology, launched in 2006, will continue to grow in both 2007 and 2008. 

Equipment purchases for making, testing and characterizing prototype nanoscale devices and materials 

within the Center will also continue. 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 21
2. NNI Investments 

22 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

• NSF: NSF is funding the acquisition of major instrumentation, as well as other activities that develop, 

support, or enhance the scientific infrastructure for the conduct of nanoscale science, engineering, and 

technology research and development. It also supports ongoing operations of the nanotechnology 

research and education networks: the National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NNIN), the 

Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NCN), the Nanotechnology Center for Learning and 

Teaching (NCLT), the Nanoscale Informal Science Education (NISE) Network, the National 

Nanomanufacturing Network (NNN), the Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers (NSECs), and 

the Materials Research Science and Engineering Centers (MRSECs). 

PCA 7: Societal Dimensions 

The NNI as a whole is experiencing a marked increase in spending on societal dimensions of 

nanotechnology, particularly in environmental, health, and safety (EHS) research, where NNI spending has 

increased by over 55% between 2006 actual expenditures ($37.7 million) and planned 2008 investments 

($58.6 million). This reflects the high priority that the Administration places on research toward identifying 

and managing potential EHS impacts of nanoscale materials in order to support commercialization of 

nanotechnology-based innovations while protecting public health and the environment. Spending on 

education-related activities and research on the broad implications of nanotechnology for society is up to 

approximately $39 million requested for 2008 from the $35.7 million spent in 2006. This funding 

supports workforce development, educational activities, and research into economic, ethical, legal, and 

other societal issues. 

• All NNI Agencies: EHS research planning continues to be a priority. The NSET Subcommittee 

published a report prepared by its Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) 

Working Group entitled Environmental, Health, and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale 

Materials (http://nano.gov/NNI_EHS_research_needs.pdf) in September 2006, and held a public 

meeting on EHS research needs and prioritization in January 2007. In the coming year, the NEHI 

Working Group will identify gaps in the research portfolio and work with agencies to address research 

priority areas. In parallel, a growing number of agencies are participating in two joint solicitations 

addressing potential environmental and health implications of nanotechnology. One led by EPA that is 

focused on environmental implications is now in its third year (DOE will join EPA and NSF in 2008). 

A second is a new solicitation starting in 2007 that is focused on human health implications and is led 

by NIH’s National Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences and includes participation by five 

other NIH institutes as well as EPA and NIOSH. 

• DOE: The DOE Office of Biological and Environmental Research continues support for activities 

relating to ethical, legal, and other societal issues of emerging technologies including nanotechnology in 

2007 and 2008. In addition, new funds are requested in 2008 for research on environmental and 

ecological impacts of nanomaterials that could find application in energy technologies. DOE plans to 

implement this program by participating in the annual multi-agency solicitation for extramural research 

proposals (led by EPA and also involving NSF) on environmental effects of manufactured 

nanomaterials, with an expected focus on the fate and transport of nanomaterials in the environment. 

• EPA: Virtually all of EPA’s requested increases in nanotechnology-related funding for 2007 and 2008 

fall within this PCA------part of an NNI-wide effort to ramp up research on potential EHS implications 

of nanotechnology and foster the development of this field. Starting in 2008, not only extramural but 

also intramural research investments supported by EPA’s Office of Research and Development are 

being reported under the NNI funding crosscut. EPA will redirect $1.6 million in 2008 to research on 
2. NNI Investments 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 23

understanding and characterizing the fate, transport, and transformation of engineered nanoscale 

materials. 

• NIOSH: The increased NIOSH budget request (from $3.8 million in 2006 to $4.6 million for 2008) 

is targeted at intramural and extramural projects to address critical research gaps around occupational 

safety and health of nanotechnology and nanomaterials. The $6.6 million NIOSH nanotechnology 

budget for 2007 included one-time investments in research infrastructure. 

• NIH: At NIH’s National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, a $1.9 million increase in EHS 

research under this PCA was derived from approximately equal increases in the investment in the 

National Toxicology Program and in extramural grants in response to the 2006 interagency solicitation 

on environmental and health implications of engineered nanomaterials. 

• NIST: In September 2007, NIST will be hosting a workshop for the NNI that will include 

representatives from Federal research and regulatory agencies, industrial and medical communities, as 

well as environmental organizations. Utilizing discussions with toxicologists and stakeholders from 

outside the Government, the workshop will provide guidance on what physical and documentary 

standards are required to enable sound risk assessment and risk management of engineered 

nanomaterials. This effort will facilitate the development of standards needed for understanding and 

managing: occupational exposure to engineered nanomaterials; nanomaterial fate and transport in the 

environment; and nanomaterial potential impacts on human health and the environment. 

• NSF: Four centers/networks are investigating the safety of manufacturing nanoparticles: the NSECs at 

(1) Rice University (evolution of manufacturing nanoparticles in the wet environment), 

(2) Northeastern University (occupational safety during nanomanufacturing), (3) the University of 

Pennsylvania (interaction between nanomaterials and cells), and (4) the National Nanotechnology 

Infrastructure Network (with two nanoparticle characterization centers at the University of Minnesota 

and Arizona State University). In 2008 NSF will begin supporting a new multidisciplinary center to 

conduct fundamental research on the interactions between nanoparticles and materials and the living 

world at all scales. Essential elements of this will be research on bioaccumulation and its effects on 

living systems; the impacts of nanostructures dispersed in the environment; and methods and 

instrumentation for nanoparticle detection, characterization, and monitoring, including interactions of 

nanomaterials with cellular constituents, metabolic networks, and living tissues. 

Research directed at identifying and quantifying the broad implications of nanotechnology for society, 

including social, economic, workforce, educational, ethical, and legal implications, will be included in 

projects awarded to interdisciplinary groups and centers. Two networks for nanotechnology education 

will increase their national outreach: the NCLT and the NISE Network. The Nanotechnology in 

Society Network------with four main nodes at Arizona State University, University of California at Santa 

Barbara, University of South Carolina, and Harvard University------will address ethical, legal, and other 

social implications of nanotechnology. 
2. NNI Investments 

24 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Utilization of SBIR and STTR Programs to Advance Nanotechnology 

As called for by the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act, this report includes 

information on use of the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) and Small Business Technology 

Transfer Research (STTR) programs in support of nanotechnology development. Five NNI agencies------

DOD, NSF, DHHS, DOE, and NASA------have STTR programs. In addition to these agencies, EPA, 

NIOSH, NIST, and USDA also have SBIR programs. Table 8 shows 2005 and 2006 agency funding for 

SBIR and STTR awards for nanotechnology R&D. 

A number of NNI agencies (e.g., EPA and NIH) have nanotechnology-specific topics in their SBIR and 

STTR solicitations. Others (e.g., NSF) have had solicitations in other areas (i.e., manufacturing) that result 

in funding of substantial numbers of nanotechnology-related SBIR and STTR awards. NIOSH reported 

nanotechnology-related SBIR funding for the first time in 2006. 

Table 8 

2005 and 2006 Agency SBIR and STTR Awards 

(dollars in millions) 

2005 2006 

SBIR STTR Total SBIR STTR Total 

DOD* 7.5 5.5 13.0 12.6 5.6 18.2 

NSF 12.1 2.2 14.3 13.9 1.8 15.7 

DHHS (NIH) 11.1 5.2 16.3 15.1 2.1 17.2 

DHHS (NIOSH) n.a. n.a. n.a. 0.1 0.0 0.1 

DOE 7.7 0.4 8.1 18.2 1.6 19.8 

NASA 6.0 0.0 6.0 6.8 0.5 7.3 

EPA 1.0 n.a. 1.0 1.2 0.0 1.2 

USDA 0.0 n.a. 0.0 0.1 n.a. 0.1 

DOC (NIST) 0.1 n.a. 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 

TOTAL 45.5 13.3 58.8 68.1 11.6 79.7 

* DOD has revised its estimates for nanotechnology-related SBIR and STTR awards in 2005 from those 

previously published in the NNI Supplement to the President’s 2007 Budget. 
The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 25

33..NNNNIIMMaannaaggeemmeennttSSttrruuccttuurree

aannddKKeeyyMMaannaaggeemmeennttAAccttiivviittiieessiinn22000066––22000088

National Science and Technology Council, NSET Subcommittee, and its 

Working Groups 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative is managed within the framework of the National Science and 

Technology Council (NSTC), the Cabinet-level council by which the President coordinates science, space, 

and technology policies across the Federal Government. The Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and 

Technology (NSET) Subcommittee of the NSTC coordinates planning, budgeting, program 

implementation, and review of the initiative. The NSET Subcommittee is composed of representatives 

from agencies participating in the NNI. A listing of official NSET Subcommittee members is given at the 

front of this report. Contact information for NSET Subcommittee participants is given in Appendix C. 

The National Nanotechnology Coordination Office (NNCO) acts as the primary point of contact for 

information on the NNI; provides technical and administrative support to the NSET Subcommittee; 

supports the subcommittee in the preparation of multi-agency planning, budget, and assessment 

documents, including this report; and develops, updates, and maintains the NNI website. 

The NSET Subcommittee has established several formal and informal working groups. Formal working 

groups include the Global Issues in Nanotechnology (GIN) Working Group, the Nanotechnology 

Environmental and Health Implications (NEHI) Working Group, and the Nanotechnology Innovation 

and Liaison with Industry (NILI) Working Group. Additional informal groups have been formed to help 

coordinate agency efforts with respect to nanomanufacturing and public engagement and communication 

in nanotechnology. 

Global Issues in Nanotechnology Working Group 

The GIN Working Group facilitates international collaboration on precompetitive and noncompetitive 

aspects of nanotechnology, and international engagement on trade, commercialization, and regulatory 

issues. Members of the working group represent the United States at the International Organisation for 

Standardization (ISO), the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the 

Wassenaar Arrangement on Export Controls for Conventional Arms and Dual-Use Goods and 

Technologies, as well as in agency-specific and bilateral engagements with numerous countries. 

NSET Subcommittee and GIN Working Group members are active participants in the ISO Technical 

Committee on Nanotechnologies (ISO TC 229). The NSET Subcommittee has provided initial financial 

support to the American National Standards Institute’s Nanotechnology Standards Panel (ANSI-NSP) and 

the ANSI-accredited Technical Advisory Group (TAG) that represents the United States on ISO TC 229. 

The NNCO Director chairs the TAG and heads the U.S. delegation to ISO TC 229. The ANSI-NSP leads 

the ISO TC 229 working group on EHS aspects of nanotechnology. The development of common 

terminology and internationally recognized standards will play a critical role in the successful 

commercialization of nanotechnology. 

The United States played a key role in the creation of two new OECD Working Parties: the Working Party 

on Manufactured Nanomaterials under the Chemicals Committee (WPMN-CC) and the Working Party 

on Nanotechnology under the Committee for Scientific and Technological Policy (WPN-CSTP). The 
3. NNI Management Structure and Key Management Activities in 2006--2008 

26 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

United States currently chairs both parties, and GIN Working Group members have taken leadership roles 

in developing detailed project plans for the working parties. 

The NSET Subcommittee has approved a financial contribution to aid in the establishment of the WPNCSTP in order to stimulate its work in assessing and understanding the economic impacts of 

nanotechnology; comparing the R&D programs and educational opportunities in member countries; and 

facilitating dialogues among policymakers and with the public. 

Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group 

The NEHI Working Group has been engaged over the past year in a high-priority exercise aimed at 

identifying and prioritizing EHS research needs related to nanomaterials. In September 2006 the NSET 

Subcommittee published a report prepared by the NEHI Working Group entitled Environmental, Health, 

and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials. This document represents one of the 

NEHI Working Group’s initial steps toward the identification, prioritization, and implementation of the 

research and other activities required to support responsible research and development of nanotechnology. 

This document describes the environmental, health, and safety research and information needed to enable 

sound risk assessment and risk management decision making. In 2007 the working group will be 

prioritizing among the research needs identified in the report. A more detailed assessment of current 

research will allow for the working group to complete a gap analysis and to develop a strategy for addressing 

high-priority EHS research not already being adequately funded by the Federal Government. 

The NEHI Working Group, with assistance from the GIN Working Group, coordinates the U.S. position 

and participation in international activities related to environmental, health, and safety implications of 

nanotechnology, including the programs of the OECD WPMN-CC. The working party projects include 

development of an international database on EHS research, identifying EHS research strategies for 

manufactured nanomaterials and collaborative approaches for addressing research needs, cross-country 

communication and coordination of voluntary programs for nanomaterials, safety testing of a representative 

set of manufactured nanomaterials, development of guidelines for standardized testing of nanomaterials, 

and cooperation on risk assessment and exposure measurement. 

Nanotechnology Innovation and Liaison with Industry Working Group 

The NILI Working Group has been pursuing opportunities for enhanced collaboration and information 

sharing between nanotechnology-related activities in U.S. industry and Government, as well as between the 

Federal Government and regional, State, and local nanotechnology R&D and commercialization activities. 

There have been successful interactions in recent years between NNI representatives and the 

semiconductor/electronics industry (including a joint funding announcement), the chemical industry, and 

the Industrial Research Institute. The NILI Working Group recently concluded a similar arrangement for 

collaboration with the forest products industry and will be seeking opportunities for engagement with other 

industries. NILI Working Group members have assisted the NSET Subcommittee and NNCO in 

organizing a workshop on regional, State, and local nanotechnology initiatives, the second such workshop 

designed to find opportunities for enhanced cooperation between and leveraging among Federal and local 

nanotechnology activities. These local initiatives often are vital to successful commercialization of the results 

of nanotechnology research funded by the Federal Government and also provide a key source of funding for 

construction of new laboratory facilities and other research infrastructure used by Federally-funded 

researchers. 
3. NNI Management Structure and Key Management Activities in 2006--2008 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 27

External Reviews of the NNI 

Public Law 108-153 calls for a triennial external review by the National Research Council of the National 

Academies of several aspects of the National Nanotechnology Initiative, including its technical 

accomplishments, the appropriateness of agency funding levels, successes in technology transfer, and 

consideration of societal interests. It also calls for two one-time studies: (1) a study on the technical 

feasibility of molecular self-assembly for manufacturing of materials and devices at the molecular scale, and 

(2) a study on the responsible development of nanotechnology. The National Academies delivered the 

report from its first triennial assessment and the two one-time studies to the NSET Subcommittee in 

December 2006. The full report is available at http://books.nap.edu/catalog/11752.html. The following is a 

compilation of some of the report’s key findings: 

• NNI-related R&D is world-class and in many instances world-leading, and... is making invaluable 

contributions to the advancement of knowledge and innovation in the United States. [p. 22] 

• Increased interagency cooperation------which has enhanced the development of interdisciplinary research, 

led to improvements in the R&D infrastructure, and stimulated new areas in research------is an important 

impact of the NNI. [p. 5] 

• The articulation [in the NNI Strategic Plan] of the NNI’s strategic goals and the development of the 

related PCAs are an important outcome of the NNI that has had a positive impact on the provision of 

federal support for the fields and disciplines involved in research and development at the nanoscale... 

the strategy has led to the NNI contributing to the education of the 21st Century R&D workforce, as 

well as addressing societal issues such as health effects and environmental impact. [pp. 24--25] 

• The flexible structure of the [NSET] working groups... help[s] to promote effective interagency 

communication, coordination, and joint program development and enable[s] the NSET Subcommittee 

to efficiently address societal issues by giving it ready access to regulatory experts and health 

professionals in various agencies. [pp. 25--26] 

• The working groups and other outreach and coordination efforts stimulated by and established under 

the NNI have made a considerable contribution to coordination of R&D efforts in pursuit of realizing 

the potential of nanotechnology. [p. 27] 

• A significant impact of the NNI has been the development of new collaborations across agencies and 

between different units within agencies that are conducting R&D relevant to the broad goals 

articulated by the NNI... [p. 27] 

• A critically important impact of the NNI has been the focused investment by the NNI-participating 

agencies in the establishment and development of multidisciplinary research and education centers 

devoted to nanoscience and nanotechnology. Many such centers are designated as user facilities 

available to researchers from academia and the private sector, and to scientists at the national 

laboratories. [p. 29] 

• NNI-related science and technology R&D and the strong federal support for discovery-based research 

and interdisciplinary collaborations at university centers are attracting and exciting students... 

[However, the] committee believes that the public’s curiosity about nanotechnology could be leveraged 

more effectively to build public support for the federal support of R&D in the physical and biomedical 

sciences, as well as attract new talent into U.S. undergraduate and graduate education. [pp. 34--35] 

• Although good comparative indicators of investment in nanotechnology R&D, resultant innovation, 

and economic exploitation of nanotechnology do not exist, existing data point to worldwide growth in 

investment in nanoscale research and innovation. The United States appears to remain in the lead, but 

with other countries closing this gap. [pp. 58--59] 
3. NNI Management Structure and Key Management Activities in 2006--2008 

28 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

• Currently, it is too early to gauge the economic impact of nanotechnology... any future analysis of 

economic impact will be hindered unless data are collected and metrics developed that will facilitate a 

rigorous analysis of economic indicators such as jobs created or individuals employed as a result of 

nanotechnology development. [p. 69] 

• Materials and devices of moderate complexity can be designed and manufactured by molecular 

assembly... [however,] the eventually attainable perfection and complexity of manufactured products, 

while they can be calculated in theory, cannot be predicted with confidence... Research funding that is 

based on the ability of investigators to produce experimental demonstrations that link to abstract 

models and guide long-term vision is most appropriate to achieve this goal. [p. 108] 

• It is not possible yet to make a rigorous assessment of the level of risk posed by [engineered 

nanomaterials]. Further risk assessment protocols have to be developed, and more research is required 

to enable assessment of potential EHS risks from nanomaterials. [p. 90] 

Many of the report’s findings are also associated with recommendations. The following is a summary of key 

recommendations: 

• The federal government [should] sustain [nanoscale science and technology] investments in a manner 

that balances the pursuit of shorter-term goals with support for longer-term R&D and that ensures a 

robust supporting infrastructure, broadly defined. Supporting long-term research effectively will require 

making new funds available that do not come at the expense of much-needed ongoing investments in 

U.S. physical sciences and engineering research. [pp. 7--8] 

• The federal government [should] establish an independent advisory panel with specific operational 

expertise in nanoscale science and engineering; management of research centers, facilities, and 

partnerships; and interdisciplinary collaboration... [p. 8] 

• Federal agencies participating in the NNI, in consultation with the NNCO and the Office of 

Management and Budget, [should] continue to develop and enhance means for consistent tracking and 

reporting of funds requested, authorized, and expended annually. The current set of PCAs provides an 

appropriate initial template for such tracking. [p. 9] 

• The NSET Subcommittee [should] carry out or commission a study on the feasibility of developing 

metrics to quantify the return to the U.S. economy from the federal investment in nanotechnology 

R&D. [pp. 9--10] 

• Research on the environmental, health, and safety effects of nanotechnology [should] be expanded. 

[p. 11] 

• The NSET Subcommittee [should] create a working group on education and the workforce that 

engages the Department of Education and the Department of Labor as active participants. [p. 40] 

The NSET Subcommittee is taking these findings and recommendations into consideration as it updates 

the NNI Strategic Plan, due to be completed by December 2007 under the provisions of Public Law 108-

153. 

As reported in the NNI Supplement to the President’s 2007 Budget, the President’s Council of Advisors on 

Science and Technology (PCAST), in its capacity as the National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel (NNAP) 

called for by Public Law 108-153, delivered its first report on the NNI in May 2005, and the NNI member 

agencies are responding to the PCAST recommendations now------see the NNI Supplement to the President’s 

2007 Budget6

 for details. The PCAST is preparing its second report. The NSET Subcommittee and the 

NNCO are providing information in support of the new study as requested. 

 

6 http://www.nano.gov/NNI_07Budget.pdf 
The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 29

AAppppeennddiixxAA..LLiissttooffCCeenntteerrss,,NNeettwwoorrkkss,,aannddUUsseerrFFaacciilliittiieess

FFuunnddeeddUUnnddeerrtthheeNNNNII

In this table of NNI centers, networks, and user facilities, a large majority of the collaborators listed are receiving 

funds from the sponsoring agency. Additional partner institutions are listed where there are strong scientific 

collaborations underway. 

Key: Sponsoring Agency

 Agency Program 

 Name of Center or Network 

 Host Institution 

 Partner Institution(s) 

 

Part 1: NNI Centers and Networks

Department of Defense 

Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Center for Nanoscience Innovation for Defense 

University of California, Santa Barbara, Riverside and 

Los Angeles 

Institute for Nanoscience 

Naval Research Laboratory 

NASA 

University Research, Engineering and 

Technology Institutes 

Institute for Cell Mimetic Space Exploration 

University of California, Los Angeles 

University of California, Irvine 

California Institute of Technology 

University of California, Berkeley 

Texas A&M University 

Institute for Intelligent Bio-Nanomaterials & 

Structures for Aerospace Vehicles 

Texas A&M University 

Prairie View A&M University 

Rice University 

Texas Southern University 

University of Houston 

University of Texas, Austin 

Biologically Inspired Materials Institute 

Princeton University 

NASA Langley Research Center 

Northwestern University 

University of California, Santa Barbara 

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill 

National Institute of Aerospace 

Institute for Nanoelectronics and Computing 

Purdue University 

Cornell University 

Northwestern University 

Texas A&M University 

University of California, San Diego 

University of Florida 

University of Texas, El Paso 

Yale University 

National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health 

Nanotechnology Research Center 

Robert A. Taft Lab 

National Institutes of Health 

NHLBI Program of Excellence in 

Nanotechnology 

Integrated Nanosystems for Diagnosis and Therapy 

Washington University 

University of California, Berkeley 

University of California, Santa Barbara 

Nanotechnology: Detection & Analysis of Plaque 

Formation 

Emory University 

Georgia Institute of Technology 

Nanotherapy for Vulnerable Plaque 

Burnham Institute for Medical Research 

Scripps Research Institute 

University of California, Santa Barbara 
Appendix A. List of Centers, Networks, and User Facilities Funded Under the NNI 

30 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Translational Program of Excellence in 

Nanotechnology 

Massachusetts General Hospital 

Harvard Medical School 

Broad Institute 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Harvard University Faculty of Arts and Sciences 

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

Nanomedicine Development Centers 

Center for the Optical Control of Biological Function 

University of California, Berkeley 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 

California Institute of Technology 

Scripps Research Institute 

Stanford University 

Center for Cell Control 

University of California, Los Angeles 

Phi29 DNA-Packaging Motor for Nanomedicine 

Purdue University 

University of Cincinnati 

University of California, Davis 

University of Southern Mississippi 

Duke University 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

North Carolina State University 

Indiana University School of Medicine 

Northwestern University 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

Nanomedicine Center for Nucleoprotein Machines 

Georgia Institute of Technology 

Emory University 

Medical College of Georgia 

Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 

California Institute of Technology 

New York University Medical Center 

German Cancer Research Institute 

National Center for Design of Biomimetic 

Nanoconductors 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

Yale University 

University of Southern California 

University of Chicago 

Illinois Institute of Technology 

Sandia National Laboratories 

Argonne National Laboratory 

Oxford University 

Wabash College 

University of California, Davis 

Purdue University 

University of New Mexico 

Center for Protein Folding Machinery 

Baylor College of Medicine 

Stanford University 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center 

University of California, San Francisco 

Nanotechnology Center for Mechanics in 

Regenerative Medicine 

Columbia University 

New York University School of Medicine 

ETH Zurich Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 

Mount Sinai School of Medicine 

University of Heidelberg 

Weizmann Institute of Science 

Engineering Cellular Control: Synthetic Signaling and 

Motility Systems 

University of California, San Francisco 

University of California, Berkeley 

Centers for Cancer Nanotechnology 

Excellence 

Siteman Center of Cancer Nanotechnology 

Excellence 

Washington University 

Siteman Center/Barnes Jewish Hospital 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

Multiple industrial partners 

Center of Nanotechnology for Treatment, 

Understanding, and Monitoring of Cancer, University 

of California 

University of California, San Diego 

University of California, Riverside 

The Burnham Institute 

Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology 

Excellence 

University of North Carolina 

University of California, San Francisco 

Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence 

Focused on Therapy Response 

Stanford University 

University of California, Los Angeles 

Cedars-Sinai Medical Center 

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 

University of Texas at Austin 

General Electric Global Research 

MIT-Harvard Center of Cancer Nanotechnology 

Excellence 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Massachusetts General Hospital 

Harvard University 

Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center 

Harvard University Medical School 

Brigham and Women’s Hospital 

The Burnham Institute 

Nanotechnology Center for Personalized and 

Predictive Oncology 

Emory University 

Georgia Institute of Technology 

University of Washington, Seattle 

Johns Hopkins University 

Vanderbilt University 

Scripps Research Institute 

Oxonica (Nanoplex Technologies), Inc 

Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center 
Appendix A. List of Centers, Networks, and User Facilities Funded Under the NNI 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 31

Nanomaterials for Cancer Diagnostics 

and Therapeutics 

Northwestern University 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

University of Chicago 

Evanston Northwestern Healthcare 

Nanosystems Biology Cancer Center 

California Institute of Technology 

Institute for Systems Biology 

University of California, Los Angeles 

University of Washington 

National Science Foundation 

Engineering Research Center 

Center for Extreme Ultraviolet Science and 

Technology 

University of Colorado, Boulder 

Science and Technology Center 

Nanobiotechnology Center 

Cornell University 

Princeton University 

Oregon Health Sciences University 

Clark Atlanta University 

Whitman College 

Howard University 

Nanoscale Science and Engineering 

Centers 

Hierarchical Manufacturing 

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 

University of Puerto Rico, Rio Pedras 

Mount Holyoke College 

TIAX LLC 

Lucent Technologies 

Springfield Technical Community College 

Center for Nanoscale Systems 

Cornell University 

Science of Nanoscale Systems and their Device 

Applications 

Harvard University 

University of California, Santa Barbara 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Museum of Science (Boston) 

Center for Biological and Environmental 

Nanotechnology 

Rice University 

Center for Integrated Nanopatterning and Detection 

Northwestern University 

University of Chicago 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

Argonne National Laboratory 

Center for Electronic Transport in Molecular 

Nanostructures 

Columbia University 

Barnard College 

City College of the City University of New York 

Rowan University 

Center for Directed Assembly of Nanostructures 

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

Los Alamos National Laboratory 

Center for Scalable and Integrated NanoManufacturing 

University of California, Los Angeles 

University of California, Berkeley 

Stanford University 

University of California, San Diego 

University of North Carolina, Charlotte 

Center for Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical 

Manufacturing Systems 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

California Institute of Technology 

North Carolina Agricultural and Technological 

State University 

Stanford University 

Center on Templated Synthesis and Assembly at the 

Nanoscale 

University of Wisconsin 

Center for Probing the Nanoscale 

Stanford University 

Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric 

Biomedical Devices 

Ohio State University 

Purdue University 

Florida State University 

University of California, San Francisco 

University of Michigan 

Duke University 

Virginia Commonwealth University 

University of Akron 

Center of Integrated Nanomechanical Systems 

University of California, Berkeley 

California Institute of Technology 

Stanford University 

University of California, Merced 

Nano-Bio Interface Center 

University of Pennsylvania 

Center for High Rate Nanomanufacturing 

Northeastern University 
Appendix A. List of Centers, Networks, and User Facilities Funded Under the NNI 

32 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Materials Research Science and 

Engineering Centers 

Center for Nanoscale Science 

Pennsylvania State University 

The Franklin Institute 

Rice University 

Colorado State University 

Naval Research Laboratory 

University of Wisconsin/Platypus 

Philips Research 

Hershey Medical Center 

Center for Quantum and Spin Phenomena in 

Nanomagnetic Structures 

University of Nebraska, Lincoln 

Center for Research on Interface Structure and 

Phenomena 

Yale University 

Southern Connecticut State University 

Brookhaven National Laboratory 

Genetically Engineered Materials 

University of Washington–Seattle 

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory 

The four Materials Research Science and Engineering 

Centers (MRSECs) above are fully dedicated to 

nanotechnology research. In addition, other centers from 

the network of MRSECs having one or more 

interdisciplinary research groups focused on nanoscale 

science and engineering topics are listed below. 

Center for Advanced Materials Research 

Brown University 

Center for the Science & Engineering of Materials 

California Institute of Technology 

Center for Nanostructured Materials 

Columbia University 

City College of the City University of New York 

Cornell Center for Materials Research 

Cornell University 

Center for Materials Science and Engineering 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Center for Sensor Materials 

Michigan State University 

Materials Research Science & Engineering Center 

Northwestern University 

Princeton Center for Complex Materials 

Princeton University 

Center on Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular 

Assemblies 

Stanford University 

University of California, Davis 

University of California, Berkeley 

Center for Materials for Information Technology 

University of Alabama 

Materials Research Laboratory 

University of California, Santa Barbara 

Chicago Materials Research Center 

University of Chicago 

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center 

University of Maryland 

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center 

University of Massachusetts, Amherst 

Materials Research Science and Engineering Center 

University of Minnesota 

Center for Semiconductor Physics in Nanostructures 

University of Oklahoma 

University of Arkansas 

The Laboratory for Research on the Structure of 

Matter 

University of Pennsylvania 

Center for Nanoscopic Materials Design 

University of Virginia 

NSF Nanoscale Science and 

Engineering Networks 

Network for Computational Nanotechnology 

Purdue University 

Massachusetts Institute of Technology 

Morgan State University 

Northwestern University 

Stanford University 

University of California, Berkeley 

University of Florida 

University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign 

University of Texas, El Paso 

Oklahoma Network for Nanostructured Materials 

Oklahoma State University 

University of Oklahoma 

University of Tulsa 

Nanoscale Informal Science Education Network 

 Core Partners 

Museum of Science, Boston 

Science Museum of Minnesota 

The Exploratorium 

 Organizational Partners 

Fort Worth Museum of Science and History 

Ithaca Sciencenter and Main Street Science, 

Cornell University 

Materials Research Society 

New York Hall of Science 

North Carolina Museum of Life and Science 

Oregon Museum of Science and Industry 

Purdue University 

University of Wisconsin, Madison Materials 

Research Science and Engineering Center 

Interdisciplinary Education Group 
Appendix A. List of Centers, Networks, and User Facilities Funded Under the NNI 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 33

Network for Nanotechnology in Society 

Arizona State University (also an NSEC) 

University of California, Santa Barbara (also an NSEC) 

Harvard University 

University of South Carolina 

Experimental Program to Stimulate 

Competitive Research 

New Mexico EPSCoR-Nanoscale Science of Energy & 

Water 

University of New Mexico 

Centers for Learning and Teaching 

National Center for Learning and Teaching in 

Nanoscale Science and Engineering 

Northwestern University 

National Institute for Science Education 

Global Nanotechnology Network 

Network for Computational Nanotechnology, 

Purdue University Nano Hub 

Directed Assembly of Nanostructures, Rensselaer 

Polytechnic Institute 

Nanoscale Chemical-Electrical-Mechanical Mfg. 

Systems (Nano-CEMMS), UUIC 

Part 2: NNI Nanotechnology User Facilities 

Department of Energy 

Nanoscale Science Research Centers 

Center for Nanoscale Materials 

Argonne National Laboratory 

Molecular Foundry 

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory 

Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies 

Sandia and Los Alamos National Laboratories 

Center for Functional Nanomaterials 

Brookhaven National Laboratory 

Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences 

Oak Ridge National Laboratory 

National Institutes of Health 

Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory 

National Cancer Institute-Frederick 

National Institute of Standards 

and Technology 

Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology 

NIST Gaithersburg 

National Science Foundation 

National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network 

Cornell University 

Georgia Institute of Technology 

Harvard University 

Howard University 

Northwestern University 

Pennsylvania State University 

Stanford University 

University of California, Santa Barbara 

University of Michigan 

University of Minnesota 

University of New Mexico 

University of Texas–Austin 

University of Washington
34 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

AAppppeennddiixxBB..GGlloossssaarryy

Act Public Law 108-153, the 21st Century Nanotechnology Research and Development Act 

Agencies Departments, agencies, and commissions within the Executive Branch of U.S. Federal Government 

ANSI American National Standards Institute 

ARO Army Research Office (DOD) 

BIS Bureau of Industry and Security (DOC) 

CNST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology (DOC/NIST) 

CNT Carbon nanotube 

CPSC Consumer Product Safety Commission 

CSREES Cooperative State Research, Education, and Extension Service (USDA) 

CT Committee on Technology of the NSTC 

DHS Department of Homeland Security 

DHHS Department of Health and Human Services 

DOC Department of Commerce 

DOD Department of Defense 

DOE Department of Energy 

DOEd Department of Education 

DOJ Department of Justice 

DOL Department of Labor 

DOS Department of State 

DOT Department of Transportation 

DOTreas Department of the Treasury 

DTRA Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DOD) 

DURIP Defense University Research Instrumentation Program (DOD) 

EERE [Office of] Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (DOE) 

EPA Environmental Protection Agency 

EPSCoR Experimental Program to Stimulate Competitive Research 

FDA Food and Drug Administration (DHHS) 

FHWA Federal Highway Administration (DOT) 

FS [U.S.] Forest Service (USDA) 

GIN Global Issues in Nanotechnology (NSET Subcommittee working group) 

ITIC Intelligence Technology Innovation Center 

ISO International Organization for Standardization 

ITC International Trade Commission 

JSC Johnson Space Center (NASA) 

MANTECH Manufacturing Technology (DOD) 

MEMS Microelectromechanical systems 

MRSEC Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (NSF) 

MURI Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative (DOD) 

MWCNT Multi-walled carbon nanotube 

NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration 

NCI National Cancer Institute (DHHS/NIH) 

NCL Nanotechnology Characterization Laboratory (DHHS/NIH/NCI) 

NCLT Center for Learning and Teaching in Nanoscale Science and Engineering (NSF) 
Appendix B. Glossary 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 35

NCN Network for Computational Nanotechnology (NSF) 

NCTR National Center for Toxicological Research (DHHS/FDA) 

NEHI Nanotechnology Environmental and Health Implications Working Group of the NSET 

Subcommittee 

NEMS Nanoelectromechanical systems 

NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (DHHS/NIH) 

NIEHS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (DHHS/NIH) 

NIH National Institutes of Health (DHHS) 

NILI Nanotechnology Innovation and Liaison with Industry Working Group of the NSET Subcommittee 

NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (DHHS/Centers for Disease Control and 

Prevention) 

NISE Nanoscale Informal Science Education (NSF-supported network) 

NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology (DOC) 

NNAP National Nanotechnology Advisory Panel 

NNCO National Nanotechnology Coordination Office 

NNI National Nanotechnology Initiative 

NNIN National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network (NSF program) 

NNN National Nanomanufacturing Network 

NRC Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

NSEC Nanoscale Science and Engineering Centers (NSF program) 

NSET Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology Subcommittee of the NSTC 

NSF National Science Foundation 

NSP Nanotechnology Standards Panel (ANSI) 

NSRC Nanoscale Science Research Centers (DOE program) 

NSTC National Science and Technology Council 

NTP National Toxicology Program (DHHS) 

OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development 

OMB Office of Management and Budget (Executive Office of the President) 

OSTP Office of Science and Technology Policy (Executive Office of the President) 

PCA Program Component Area 

PCAST President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology 

RFA Request for applications (NIH program solicitation) 

SBIR Small Business Innovation Research Program 

SC Office of Science (DOE) 

TSCA Toxic Substances Control Act 

STTR Small Business Technology Transfer Research Program 

TA Technology Administration (DOC) 

USPTO U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (DOC) 

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture 

WPMN-CC Working Party on Manufactured Nanomaterials under the Chemicals Committee (OECD) 

WPN-CSTP Working Party on Nanotechnology under the Committee for Scientific and Technological 

Policy (OECD) 
36 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

AAppppeennddiixxCC..CCoonnttaaccttLLiisstt

OSTP 

Dr. Celia I. Merzbacher 

Assistant Director for Technology R&D 

Office of Science and Technology Policy 

Executive Office of the President 

Washington, DC 20502 

T: 202-456-6108 

F: 202-456-6021 

Celia_Merzbacher@ostp.eop.gov 

Travis M. Earles 

NSTC Representative 

(Nanobiotechnology) 

Office of Science and Technology Policy 

Executive Office of the President 

725 17th Street, N.W., Rm. 5203-5 

Washington, DC 20502 

T: 202-456-6025 

F: 202-456-6021 

Travis_M._Earles@ostp.eop.gov 

OMB 

Irene Kariampuzha 

Office of Management and Budget 

Executive Office of the President 

725 17th St., N.W. 

Washington, DC 20503 

T: 202-395-3535 

F: 202-395-4652 

Irene_Kariampuzha@omb.eop.gov 

NNCO 

Dr. E. Clayton Teague 

Director 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4319 

F: 703-292-9312 

cteague@nnco.nano.gov 

Catherine B. Alexander 

Communications Director 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4399 

F: 703-292-9312 

calexand@nnco.nano.gov 

Stephen B. Gould 

Project Manager 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 240-351-3815 

F: 703-292-9312 

sgould@nnco.nano.gov 

Audrey Haar 

Assistant Communications Director 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-8288 

F: 703-292-9312 

ahaar@nnco.nano.gov 

Liesl Heeter 

Systems Administrator 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4533 

F: 703-292-9312 

lheeter@nnco.nano.gov 

Geoffrey M. Holdridge 

Policy Analyst 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4532 

F: 703-292-9312 

gholdrid@nnco.nano.gov 

Dr. Philip H. Lippel 

Policy Analyst 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-7741 

F: 703-292-9312 

plippel@nnco.nano.gov 

Dr. Dianne L. Poster 

Executive Secretary, NEHI Working 

Group (on assignment to 

NSTC/NNCO) 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology 

100 Bureau Drive, MS 8329 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899 

T: 301-827-6686 

poster@nist.gov 

Victor Turner 

Office Manager 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-8626 

F: 703-292-9312 

vturner@nnco.nano.gov 

Dr. Roger D. van Zee 

National Nanotechnology 

Coordination Office 

4201 Wilson Blvd. 

Stafford II, Suite 405 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4503 

F: 703-292-9312 

rvanzee@nnco.nano.gov 

CPSC 

Dr. Mary Ann Danello 

Associate Executive Director 

Directorate for Health Sciences 

Consumer Product Safety Commission 

4330 East-West Highway, Suite 600 

Bethesda, MD 20814 

T: 301-504-7237 

F: 301-504-0079 

mdanello@cpsc.gov 

Dr. Treye Thomas 

Toxicologist 

Directorate for Health Sciences 

Consumer Product Safety Commission 

4330 East-West Highway, Suite 600 

Bethesda, MD 20814 

T: 301-504-7738 

F: 301-504-0079 

tthomas@cpsc.gov 
Appendix C. Contact List 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 37

DHS 

Dr. Richard T. Lareau 

Science and Technology Directorate 

Department of Homeland Security 

William J. Hughes Technical Center, 

Bldg. 315 

Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 

08405 

T: 609-813-2760 

F: 609-383-1973 

Richard.Lareau@dhs.gov 

Dr. Eric J. Houser 

Transportation Security Laboratory 

Department of Homeland Security 

Office of Research and Development 

Science and Technology Directorate 

Mail Code: TSL-200 

William J. Hughes Technical Center, 

Bldg. 315 

Atlantic City International Airport, NJ 

08405 

T: 609-813-2798 

F: 609-383-1973 

eric.houser@dhs.gov 

Dr. Keith Ward 

Science & Technology Directorate 

Department of Homeland Security 

7th and D Street, S.W. 

Washington, DC 20590 

T: 202-254-6132 

Keith.Ward@dhs.gov 

DOC/BIS 

Kelly Gardner 

Export Policy Advisor 

Department of Commerce 

Bureau of Industry and Security 

Office of National Security and 

Technology Transfer Controls 

14th St. & Constitution Ave., N.W., 

Rm. 2600 

Washington, DC 20230 

T: 202-482-0102 

F: 202-482-3345 

kgardner@bis.doc.gov 

DOC/TA 

Connie K. N. Chang 

Research Director 

Office of the Under Secretary 

Technology Administration 

Department of Commerce 

1401 Constitution Ave., N.W. 

Rm. 4820R 

Washington, DC 20230 

T: 202-482-6814 

F: 202-501-2595 

cchang@technology.gov 

John F. Sargent, Jr. 

Senior Policy Analyst 

Office of Technology Policy 

Technology Administration 

Department of Commerce 

14th St. & Constitution Ave., N.W. 

Rm. 4823 

Washington, DC 20230 

T: 202-482-6185 

F: 202-501-2595 

jsargent@technology.gov 

DOD 

Dr. James Short 

Acting Director for Basic Research 

ODUSD (LABS) 

Department of Defense 

One Liberty Center 

875 North Randolph Street, Suite #150 

Arlington, VA 22203 

T: 703-588-1476 

F: 703-588-1423 

james.short@osd.mil 

Dr. David M. Stepp 

Chief, Materials Science Division 

Army Research Office 

AMSRL-RO-PM (Materials Science 

Division) 

P.O. Box 12211 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 

T: 919-549-4329 

F: 919-549-4399 

david.m.stepp@us.army.mil 

Dr. Robert H. Cohn 

Chief Scientist 

Office of the Special Assistant for 

Chemical and Biological Defense and 

Chemical Demilitarization 

Office of the Secretary of Defense 

3050 Defense Pentagon, Rm. 3B253 

Washington, DC 20301-3050 

T: 703-693-6835 

F: 703-695-0476 

Robert.Cohn@osd.mil 

Dr. Margaret E. Kosal 

Science and Technology Advisor 

Chemical and Biological Defense 

Program and 

Defense Threat Reduction Agency 

8725 John J. Kingman Road 

Fort Belvoir, VA 22060-6201 

T: 703-693-6835 

Dr. Mihal E. Gross 

Program Officer 

Office of Naval Research 

Code 331 

875 North Randolph St., Suite 1425 

Arlington, VA 22217-5660 

T: 703-696-0388 

F: 703-696-0001 

Mihal_Gross@onr.navy.mil 

Dr. Richard Colton 

Director, Institute for Nanoscience 

Code 1100 

Naval Research Laboratory 

Washington DC 20375 

T: 202-767-1803 

F: 202-767-1821 

rich.colton@nrl.navy.mil 

Dr. Gernot S. Pomrenke 

Program Manager - Optoelectronics, 

THz and Nanotechnology 

AFOSR/NE 

Directorate of Physics and Electronics 

Air Force Office of Scientific Research 

875 North Randolph Street 

Suite 325, Rm. 3112 

Arlington, VA 22203-1768 

T: 703-696-8426 

F: 703-696-8481 

gernot.pomrenke@afosr.af.mil 

DOE 

Dr. Patricia M. Dehmer 

Director 

Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

U.S. Department of Energy 

SC-22/GTN 

1000 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Washington, DC 20585 

T: 301-903-3081 

F: 301-903-6594 

Patricia.Dehmer@science.doe.gov 
Appendix C. Contact List 

38 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

Dr. Altaf H. Carim 

Division of Scientific User Facilities 

Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

U.S. Department of Energy 

SC-22.3/GTN 

1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. 

Washington, DC 20585-1290 

T: 301-903-4895 

F: 301-903-1690 

carim@science.doe.gov 

Dr. Aravinda M. Kini 

Division of Materials Sciences and 

Engineering 

Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

U.S. Department of Energy 

SC-22.2/GTN 

1000 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Washington, DC 20585 

T: 301-903-3565 

F: 301-903-9513 

Aravinda.Kini@science.doe.gov 

Dr. John C. Miller 

Division of Chemical Sciences, 

Geosciences, and Biosciences 

Office of Basic Energy Sciences 

U.S. Department of Energy 

SC-22.1/GTN 

1000 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Washington, DC 20585 

T: 301-903-5806 

F: 301-903-4110 

John.Miller@science.doe.gov 

Dr. Brian Valentine 

Office of Industrial Technologies 

U.S. Department of Energy 

Headquarters Bldg., EE-2F 

1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20585-0121 

T: 202-586-9741 

F: 202-586-9234 

Brian.Valentine@ee.doe.gov 

DOEd 

Dr. Richard LaPointe 

Deputy Assistant Secretary for 

Vocational and Adult Education 

Department of Education 

Potomac Center Plaza 

550 12th Street, S.W. 

Rm. 11101 

Washington, DC 20202-7100 

T: 202-245-7704 

F: 202-245-7837 

richard.lapointe@ed.gov 

Dr. Sharon Lee Miller 

Director, Division of Academic and 

Technical Education 

State Accountability and Administration 

Branch 

Department of Education 

Potomac Center Plaza 

550 12th Street, S.W., Rm. 11060 

Washington, DC 20202-7100 

T: 202-245-7846 

F: 202-245-7171 

sharon.miller@ed.gov 

DOJ 

Dr. Stanley A. Erickson 

Chief, Research and Technology 

Development Division 

Department of Justice 

Office of Science and Technology 

National Institute of Justice 

810 7th Street 

Washington, DC 20531 

T: 202-305-4686 

F: 202-305-9091 

Stanley.Erickson@usdoj.gov 

DOL 

Brad Wiggins 

Business Relations Group 

U.S. Department of Labor 

Employment & Training 

Administration 

200 Constitution Avenue, N.W. 

Rm. N-4643 

Washington, DC 20210 

T: 202-693-3742 

F: 202-693-3890 

wiggins.brad@dol.gov 

Linda Fowler 

U.S. Department of Labor 

Employment & Training 

Administration 

200 Constitution Avenue, N.W. 

Rm. N-4643 

Washington, DC 20210 

Fowler.Linda.M@dol.gov 

DOS 

Ralph L. Braibanti 

Director, Office of Space and Advanced 

Technology 

Department of State 

1990 K Street N.W., Suite 410 

Washington, DC 20006 

T: 202-663-2390 

F: 202-663-2402 

BraibantiRL@state.gov 

Dr. Robert Rudnitsky 

Physical Science Officer 

AAAS Science & Technology 

Diplomacy Fellow 

OES/SAT 

Department of State 

1900 K Street, N.W., Suite 410 

Washington, DC 20006 

T: 202-663-2399 

F: 202-663-2402 

RudnitskyRG@state.gov 

DOT 

Dr. Richard R. John 

Director Emeritus, Volpe National 

Transportation Systems Center 

Department of Transportation 

55 Broadway, Kendall Square 

Cambridge, MA 02142 

T: 617-494-2222 

F: 617-494-3731 

john@volpe.dot.gov 

Annalynn Lacombe 

Program Analyst, Transportation 

Strategic Planning & Analysis Office 

Volpe National Transportation Systems 

Center 

Department of Transportation 

55 Broadway 

Cambridge, MA 02142 

T: 617-494-2161 

F: 617-494-3688 

Lacombe@volpe.dot.gov 

Dr. Richard A. Livingston 

Senior Physical Scientist 

Office of Infrastructure R&D 

Federal Highway Administration 

6300 Georgetown Pike 

McLean Virginia 22101 

T: 202-493-3063 

F: 202-493-3161 

Dick.Livingston@fhwa.dot.gov 

DOTreas 

Dr. John F. Bobalek 

Program Manager 

Office of Research and Technical 

Support 

Bureau of Engraving and Printing 

Rm. 201-29A 

14th and C Streets, S.W. 

Washington, DC 20228-0001 

T: 202-874-2109 

F: 202-927-7415 

John.Bobalek@bep.treas.gov 
Appendix C. Contact List 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 39

EPA 

Dr. Nora F. Savage 

National Center for Environmental 

Research 

Office of Research and Development, 

8722F 

Environmental Protection Agency 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 

Washington, DC 20460 

T: 202-343-9858 

F: 202-343-0678 

Savage.Nora@epamail.epa.gov 

Dr. Philip Sayre 

Associate Director 

Risk Assessment Division 

Office of Pollution Prevention and 

Toxics 

Environmental Protection Agency 

1200 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W. 

Mail Code: 7403M 

Washington, DC 20460 

T: 202-564-7673 

F: 202-564-7450 

sayre.phil@epa.gov 

FDA 

Dr. Norris E. Alderson 

Associate Commissioner for Science 

Director, Office of Science and Health 

Coordination 

Food and Drug Administration 

5600 Fishers Lane 

Rm. 14B-08 (HF-32) 

Rockville, MD 20857 

T: 301-827-3340 

F: 301-827-3410 

norris.alderson@fda.hhs.gov 

Dr. Richard Canady 

Office of Science and Health 

Coordination 

Food and Drug Administration 

5600 Fishers Lane 

Rm. 14B-08 (HF-33) 

Rockville, MD 20857 

T: 301-827-8781 

F: 301-827-3042 

richard.canady@fda.hhs.gov 

ITC 

Elizabeth R. Nesbitt 

International Trade Analyst for 

Biotechnology and Nanotechnology 

Chemicals and Textiles Division 

Office of Industries 

International Trade Commission 

500 E Street, S.W. 

Washington, DC 20436 

T: 202-205-3355 

F: 202-205-3161 

elizabeth.nesbitt@usitc.gov 

ITIC 

Susan Durham 

DCI Intelligence Technology Innovation 

Center 

Central Intelligence Agency 

Washington, DC 20505 

susaned0@ucia.gov 

NASA 

Dr. Minoo N. Dastoor 

Special Assistant 

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration 

NASA Headquarters, Rm. 6A20 

Washington DC 20546-0001 

T: 202-358-4518 

F: 202-358-2920 

mdastoor@mail.hq.nasa.gov 

Dr. Murray S. Hirschbein 

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration 

NASA Headquarters, Rm. 6D70 

Washington DC 20546-0001 

T: 202-358-4662 

F: 202-358-2920 

mhirschb@mail.hq.nasa.gov 

Dr. Meyya Meyyappan 

National Aeronautics and Space 

Administration 

Ames Research Center 

MS 229-3 

Moffett Field, CA 94035 

T: 650-604-2616 

F: 650-604-5244 

meyya@orbit.arc.nasa.gov 

NIH 

Dr. Piotr Grodzinski 

Program Director, Nanotechnology in 

Cancer 

Office of Technology and Industrial 

Relations 

Office of the Director 

National Cancer Institute 

National Institutes of Health 

31 Center Drive, 10A52 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

T: 301-496-1550 

F: 301-496-7807 

grodzinp@mail.nih.gov 

Dr. Eleni Kousvelari 

Chief, Cellular & Molecular Biology, 

Physiology, & Biotechnology Branch 

National Institute of Dental and 

Craniofacial Research 

National Institutes of Health 

Natcher Building, Rm. 4AN 18A 

Bethesda, MD 20892-6402 

T: 301-594-2427 

F: 301-480-8318 

kousvelari@de45.nidr.nih.gov 

Dr. Peter Moy 

Program Director 

National Institute of Biomedical 

Imaging and Bioengineering 

National Institutes of Health 

Democracy Two, Suite 200, MSC 5469 

6707 Democracy Blvd. 

Bethesda, MD 20892-5469 

T: 301-496-9270 

F: 301-480-0679 

moype@mail.nih.gov 

Dr. Jeffery A. Schloss 

Program Director 

Technology Development Coordination 

National Human Genome Research 

Institute 

National Institutes of Health 

Suite 4076, MSC 9305 

5635 Fishers Lane 

Bethesda, MD 20892-9305 

T: 301-496-7531 

F: 301-480-2770 

jeff_schloss@nih.gov 
Appendix C. Contact List 

40 The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget

NIH/OD 

Lynn Hudson 

Deputy Director 

Office of Science Policy & Planning 

National Institutes of Health 

Office of the Director 

Building 1 - Shannon Bldg, Rm. 218 

1 Center Drive 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

T: 301-496-0786 

F: 301-402-0280 

HudsonL1@od.nih.gov 

Dr. Nancy E. Miller 

Senior Science Policy Analyst 

Office of Science Policy and Planning 

Office of the Director 

National Institutes of Health 

1 Center Drive 

Bldg 1, Rm. 218 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

T: 301-594-7742 

F: 301-402-0280 

MILLERN@od1tm1.od.nih.gov 

NIH/FIC 

George Herrfurth 

Multilateral Affairs Coordinator 

Division of International Relations 

Fogarty International Center 

National Institutes of Health 

Building 31, Rm. B2C11 

Bethesda, MD 20892-2220 

T: 301-402-1615 

F: 301-480-3414 

herrfurg@mail.nih.gov 

NIH/NCI 

Travis M. Earles 

Technology Program Manager 

Office of Technology and Industrial 

Relations 

Office of the Director 

National Cancer Institute 

National Institutes of Health 

31 Center Drive, 10A52 

Bethesda, MD 20892 

T: 301-435-8437 

F: 301-496-7807 

travis.earles@nih.gov 

Dr. Piotr Grodzinski 

Program Director, Nanotechnology in 

Cancer 

Office of Technology and Industrial 

Relations 

Office of the Director 

National Cancer Institute 

National Institutes of Health 

31 Center Drive, 10A52 

Bethesda, MD. 20892 

T: 301-496-1550 

F: 301-496-7807 

grodzinp@mail.nih.gov 

Dr. Scott McNeil 

Director, Nanotechnology 

Characterization Laboratory 

National Cancer Institute at Frederick 

National Institutes of Health 

P.O. Box B, Building 469 

1050 Boyles Street 

Frederick, MD 21702-1201 

T: 301-846-6939 

F: 301-846-6399 

mcneils@ncifcrf.gov 

NIH/NHLBI 

Dr. Denis Buxton 

Heart Research Program, DHVD 

National Heart, Lung, and Blood 

Institute 

National Institutes of Health 

6701 Rockledge Drive, Rm. 9186 

Bethesda, MD 20817 

T: 301-435-0504 

F: 301-480-1454 

BuxtonD@nhlbi.nih.gov 

NIH/NIEHS 

Dr. John R. Bucher 

Associate Director 

National Toxicology Program 

National Institute of Environmental 

Health Sciences 

National Institutes of Health 

P.O. Box 12233 

Research Triangle Park, NC 27709 

T: 919-541-4532 

F: 919-541-4225 

bucher@niehs.nih.gov 

Dr. Sally S. Tinkle 

Senior Science Advisor to the Deputy 

Director 

National Institute of Environmental 

Health Sciences 

National Institutes of Health 

P.O. Box 12233, MD B2-06 

Durham, NC 27709 

T: 919-541-0993 

F: 919-541-5064 

stinkle@niehs.nih.gov 

NIOSH 

Dr. Vladimir V. Murashov 

Special Assistant to the Director 

National Institute for Occupational 

Safety and Health 

OD/NIOSH M/S-P12 

395 E Street, S.W. 

Suite 9200 

Washington, DC 20201 

T: 202-245-0668 

F: 202-245-0628 

vladimir.murashov@cdc.hhs.gov 

NIST 

Dr. Michael T. Postek 

Program Manager/Group Leader 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology 

Precision Engineering Division 

100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8212 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8212 

T: 301-975-2299 

F: 301-869-0822 

postek@nist.gov 

Dr. Robert D. Shull 

Metallurgy Division 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology 

100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8552 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8552 

T: 301-975-6035 

F: 301-975-4553 

robert.shull@nist.gov 

Eric Steel 

Acting Director, Program Office 

National Institute of Standards and 

Technology 

100 Bureau Drive, Stop 1060 

Gaithersburg, MD 20899-1060 

T: 301-975-3750 

F: 301-216-0529 

eric.steel@nist.gov 
Appendix C. Contact List 

The National Nanotechnology Initiative------Supplement to the President’s 2008 Budget 41

NRC 

Mark A. Cunningham, Director 

Division of Fuel, Engineering, and 

Radiological Research 

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research 

Nuclear Regulatory Commission 

Mail Stop T-10E7 

Washington, DC 20555-0001 

T: 301-415-5678 

mac3@nrc.gov 

NSF 

Dr. Mihail C. Roco 

Senior Advisor for Nanotechnology 

National Science Foundation 

Directorate for Engineering 

4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 505 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-8301 

F: 703-292-9013 

mroco@nsf.gov 

Dr. Lance Haworth 

Acting Director, Division of Materials 

Research 

National Science Foundation 

Directorate for Mathematical and 

Physical Sciences 

4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 1065 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4916 

F: 703-292-9035 

lhaworth@nsf.gov 

Dr. Maryanna P. Henkart 

Director, Division of Molecular and 

Cellular Biology 

National Science Foundation 

Directorate for Biological Sciences 

4201 Wilson Blvd., Suite 655S 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-8440 

F: 703-292-9061 

mhenkart@nsf.gov 

Dr. T. James Rudd 

Program Manager, SBIR/STTR 

Office of Industrial Innovation 

National Science Foundation 

4201 Wilson Blvd., Rm. 550 

Arlington, VA 22230 

T: 703-292-4759 

F: 703-292-9057 

tjrudd@nsf.gov 

USDA/CSREES 

Dr. Hongda Chen 

National Program Leader, Bioprocess 

Engineering 

Cooperative State Research, Education 

and Extension Service 

Department of Agriculture 

1400 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Mail Stop 2220 

Washington, DC 20250-2220 

T: 202-401-6497 

F: 202-401-5179 

hchen@csrees.usda.gov 

USDA/FS 

Dr. Christopher D. Risbrudt 

Director 

Forest Products Laboratory 

USDA Forest Service 

One Gifford Pinchot Drive 

Madison, WI 53726-2398 

T: 608-231-9318 

F: 608-231-9567 

crisbrudt@fs.fed.us 

Dr. Theodore H. Wegner 

Assistant Director 

Forest Products Laboratory 

USDA Forest Service 

One Gifford Pinchot Drive 

Madison, WI 53726-2398 

T: 608-231-9434 

F: 608-231-9567 

twegner@fs.fed.us 

Dr. George S. Foster 

Staff Director, Resource Use Science 

USDA Forest Service 

1400 Independence Ave. S.W. 

Mailstop Code: 1114 

Washington, DC 20250-1114 

T: 703-605-4195 

F: 703-605-5137 

gfoster@fs.fed.us 

Dr. World Nieh 

National Program Leader, Forest 

Products and Utilization 

USDA Forest Service 

1400 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Mailstop Code: 1114, 

Washington, DC 20250-1114 

T: 703-605-4197 

F: 703-605-5137 

wnieh@fs.fed.us 

Dr. Howard Rosen 

Resource Use Science 

USDA Forest Service 

1400 Independence Ave., S.W. 

Mailstop Code: 1114 

Washington, DC 20250-1114 

T: 703-605-4196 

F: 703-605-5137 

hrosen@fs.fed.us 

USGS 

Dr. Sarah Gerould 

Bureau Program Coordinator, 

Contaminant Biology Program 

U.S. Geological Survey 

Mail Stop 301 National Center 

12201 Sunrise Valley Drive 

Reston, VA 20192 

T: 703-648-6895 

F: 703-648-4238 

sgerould@usgs.gov 

USPTO 

Charles Eloshway 

Patent Attorney 

Office of International Relations 

Patent and Trademark Office 

P.O. Box 1450 

Alexandria, VA 22313 

T: 571-272-9300 

F: 571-273-0123 

Charles.Eloshway@uspto.gov 

Bruce Kisliuk 

Patent Examining Group Director 

Technology Center 1600 

Patent and Trademark Office 

P.O. Box 1450 

Alexandria, VA 22313 

T: 571-272-0950 

Bruce.Kisliuk@uspto.gov
National Science and Technology Council

Committee on Technology

Subcommittee on Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology

National Nanotechnology Coordination Office

4201 Wilson Blvd.

Stafford II, Rm. 405

Arlington, VA 22230

703-292-8626 phone

703-292-9312 fax

www.nano.gov