ll

40,900

SCALE: FEET

25 on [[]]]}25 10 gsupecy
LESS 30) O WELL

) — F
Cullum Brothers Fein & MeGone ‘Ado Oil ca Li Burns R¢.Underwoos CE, Merrison
Key No.I-A Porkey No-c Wolte No! ‘andrews Nol Threet Not Prigeaue Ferg, No10
11253" EL. y20° EL 1/39" E1136 Eliot’ _
600 ae ¥ 0% (a25 600
3% 500 500
<u (720)
J 400 NOTE: 400
se Depths in porentheses not
25 300 corcected for elevations 300
ot 900) 2
83 200 Q 200
5 100 100
ae °
Cary
a
ze 100 100
83 200 200
Fo No horizontal scale

Ficure 6.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham
Group, Aquifer (425-1,440 Feet) in Southern Archer County.

(index No. 15), and Turbeville (index No. 7)
areas are produced from this aquifer.

A Cisco series aquifer of vast area is also
illustrated by figures 7 and 8. This series is
moderately thick, ranging from 10 to 100 feet.
Its depth range is from 650 to 1,905 feet. Five
wells in this aquifer are producing in the Club
Ranch (index No. 9) and Megargel (index No.
14) areas.

Figure 9 illustrates a Canyon aquifer of mod-
erate extent. Thickness ranges from 10 to 350
feet, and depth ranges from 2,250 to 3,250 feet.
It yields water to three wells in the Holliday
(index No. 2) area, and to one well in the Man-
ning (index No. 3) area.

591752 O—61—3

Another Canyon aquifer of limited areal ex-
tent in Archer County is illustrated by figure
10. Thickness ranges from a featheredge ®
to more than 100 feet, and depth ranges from
1,105 to 2,070 feet. An excellent well in the
DeMoss (index No. 12) area is completed in
this aquifer.

Figure 11 illustrates another Canyon series
aquifer of limited areal extent. Thickness
ranges up to 125 feet but averages about 20
feet over most of the area shown. Depth ranges
from 2,015 to 2,700 feet. No supply wells are
being produced from this aquifer.

3 Featheredge, as used in this report, refers to thicknesses from 4 to

10 feet. For these thicknesses, it was not considered feasible to correlate
wells for 1,700 feet.


32
MONTAGUE COUNTY three Canyon aquifers is the thickest and

should be a good source. The Strawn aquifer

Three Canyon sandstone aquifers and one __ is suitable for larger floods.
Strawn sandstone aquifer are mapped for A Canyon aquifer of moderate areal extent is
Montague County, Tex. The deepest of the shown by figures 29 and 30 for northern and

2__,__20900 __,__ 809

SCALE FEET

25" oF [TT] 28' To P50’ 10 FY 100'rdIIT Tso on

ess {lllill'so° LJ 100" " MORE
c °

Stor Oi! Company
Meclure Nor.

a 8
‘Burk Royalty Company ‘Cox Orig. Company
Roley Nasa Kee Nat

cL 7s"

700 \Zos" 700
B00 200
3 0 Wooo tote
Fo a yoo Sets
2 00 1200
2 500 \300
5 woo 100
1500 J ‘$00

No novzontal scale

Freure 28.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(1,278-2,758 Feet) in Southern Jack County.


- ee
F ge 7 a
ceca Tee Bs Mee
A 8 c Do €
st mt aot ney enc st some tout
aed wns vite seitoy

Su 600 00
33 °° 500
53 400 400
$9 300 300

0 0
"pe °
£E ee i ; 4 ee
H | ne tom

Figure 24.—TIsopachous IIlustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(490-1,360 Feet) in Southern Jack County.


=

mn mr |
lll

_
a.
|

id

1 Y

Q
°
Q

>



iN
|
|.

K

| H

Dns 2 } 2 p wBeoma
*

4 Area of isopachous mapping
ouewan

HA ROE MAN cal
camuicorne | \

Naa TL BARGE RA

0 sR 0 | Oo 3 QO an 07 oer

Poo a )
ONTAGU &
BAY Lo R oP seovan, [Rao bene Bowraeut | or oo KE Sppresgoe BO
ss ° x | segue AR * thot n ce |» % (Se awh 3g fe x yYSON ,
seguro oy |
a)

|

= —
ot & LF yo? "
of RO} ad ALC OK wil sge lope TOON
ne gece hungesonron seg 5.6 10 fin [Paine ew) © Se” S|
a | OS | |
ee oe | |
S sto a on Lo. .
. : @-+ iwoexeo surpcy weLL Location
% $ Mg 2 > @-@ CHEMICALLY ANALYSED SUPPLY WELL LOCATION

Fiaure 1—North Texas Counties Showing Approximate Location of Indexed and Analyzed Supply Wells and Area of Isopachous Mapping.




is shown by figures 49 and 50 for the central
part of the county. Thickness ranges from a
featheredge to 125 feet, and depth ranges from
685 to 1,680 feet. This sandstone aquifer
yielded 2,400 barrels per day in one well test
in the Langston-Kleiner (index No. 6) area.

47

Figures 51 and 52 show a large Strawn
aquifer. Thickness ranges from a featheredge
to 115 feet, and depth ranges from 2,010 to
3,500 feet. This aquifer yields 2,800 barrels
per day to one well in the Langston-Kleiner
(index No. 6) area.

| | (W

Wee
bes

yy
Ay Area

Shown

MM

Z

|
Y jj r

_1

1200
1100
1900

900

700
600

500

ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL FEET
@
3
3°

400

° 20,000
SCALE: FEET

10'OR lo to 777
Less 25°

A
Wright, Clark & Senkel Ada Oil Co.
M.K. Graham No.l-F McKinney No.!
El. 1186" El. 1,243
1200
1100
(245') 1000
900
(380')
800
NOTE: 700
Depths in parentheses not
corrected for elevations. 600
500
400

[PN horizontal scale —_—_

Ficure 44.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Upper Cisco Series

Aquifer (180-550 Feet) in Southwestern Young County.


. Area
Shown’

'
‘ WICHITA cou

\

° 20,000 40000
25" oR 2sito (\s0' To ,supPLy
LESS 50° \ 75° O wei

A B

Joe Fish Perkins & Cullum
Waggoner Nol Burnett No.2-C

1.1089" LOS!
We 400 E1.1089 ELWOS 400
gw
<a 300 p 300
za
ow
ca 200 200
Sc (9 1°
190
iy § 100 a 100
w
° 11) Seo level °

b
=u 100 {| 100
ot
aS 200 200
es
e 4 300 300
we
ow 400 400

horizontal iT
No horizontal scole. NOTE:

Depths in parentheses not
corrected for elevations.

Figure 42.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs
of Permian Period Aquifer (990—1,400 Feet) in West-Central Wichita County.


51

ELEVATION ABOVE SEA LEVEL, FEET

A
Horace C. Hargrave Ponhandle Refining Co.

1o'OR io To
LESS 28
B

JR.Reedy etal Not Moys No.1
El u22r EL 1,170"

(690)

(g05')
Depths in porentheses
not corrected for elevatior

+ No horizontal scale SY

Fiaure 48.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Lower Cisco Series

Aquifer (225-1,067 Feet) in Southern Young County.


55

<I)

20900 40,000
‘SCALE. FEET

Mol Kutna
‘Smith Net
EL \ee

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

1600 a

—:

E

‘American Dring Co. eat
‘GW. Blount Ne

ELLE a9

g.irr 4 900

\p00

400

200

poo

Ficure 52.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer

(2,010-2,710 Feet) in Southern Young County.


.

a

@ 700

a

5 800

5

% 900

2 00

o

= yoo

&

#00
1300

Fieure

yj

tj

Wd

JY

~

~

Ly
Ly

7
_

7

\
O

cr
i

SCALE: FEET

S

ky
ml

43

J25°oR: 2s'TO
LESS 50°
B c D E F
encoope renon & euchoon Adeice Canta 08 Fan a Nocona
en, rath RR Ee ARS, BRAT TR ES
11,014" 1. 1,051" EL1o E1.1,008" £1,973)
El I 1,0! 97: 500
00
00
1,830) 150 800
(u.gao) ___—¢
S week soo
{2,008') 1900
(2,150')
NOTE: yoo
TE a poetenns ot
tata seanare 00
f a horton scale y i300

(1,750-2,220 Feet) in Southern Wichita County.

39.—Isopachous IIlustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer


Areo
shown

15

we

| @)

Ey ‘SAND 25' on
jwissinol__J Less

NOTE
Depths in porent not
corrected for elevations.

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

“20900
SCALE: FEET

300
400
500

600

800
900
1900

\00

No horizontal! scale”

25'TO

50° 100°

A
LT Burns
Andrews No |

s0' To 100" or

MORE

SUPPLY

were

R.C Underwood
Threet Nol

000

Figure 10.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series
Aquifer (1,105-2,070 Feet) in Southern Archer County.


33

TM

KS

aul
° ~ 40,000
SCALE: FEET
25' OR 25'TO 50' OR
LESS 50' MORE
we A 8B
3 wy San Juan Drilling Co. Bolin Oil Co. Stanolind Oil & Gos Co.
bare Campbell No.l Reed No.l Dodson No.5-A
a El. 698' E1.847' eLg7r'
5S 100 100
ae)
g- 3 { 2 Sea __level }
Sa to) - °
as (o10) 3
Zo
10 100
° 1,040") pe
200 Tt 200

300 300

400 (1390) TI(NOTE: 400
Depths in parentheses not

500 r corrected for elevations. 500

600 600

700 700
No horizontal scale

pachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(911-1,630 Feet) in Northern Montague County.

DEPTH BELOW
SEA LEVEL ,FEET





CONTENTS

Page
Summary. 1 General geology of aquifers—Continued
Introduction 2 Consolidated deposits—Continued
Purpose and scope 2 Cretaceous system... ------eee-
Definition of saline water - 2 Unconsolidated deposits
Occurrence of saline water 2 ; ° ;
Ground water _ 2 _ Tsopachous illustrations of aquifers.
Surface water_ 2 ne, County
Acknowledgements 2 lay County.
Procedure. 2 Jack County _-
General geology of aquifers_ 3 Wontoene County -
Consolidated deposits - 3 Wichita County
Precambrian systems. 3 ‘oung County :
Cambrian system. 3 Supply wells and water in use
Ordovician system 3 Water-supply wells.
Silurian and Devonian systems 8 Surface water. -
Mississippian system _ 8 Quality of water.
Pennsylvanian system. 8 Chemical analyses of water_
Permian system ..---------------------- 9 Conclusion. .._--.--------------------------
ILLUSTRATIONS

10.

12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.

. Areal extent and outcrop of stratigraphi
. Tectonic features of North Texas area.
. Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series, Graham group,

. Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representati

erp so ape nz

. North Texas counties showing approximate location of indexed and analyzed supply wells and area of

isopachous mapping. .

Geologic column of formations in use in supply weils in North Texas
units in six North Texas counties.

aquifer (1,075-1,805 feet) in northern Archer County.

aquifer (425-1,440 feet) in southern Archer County---
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series, Graham group,
aquifer (1,150-1,905 feet) in northern Archer County

. Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series, Graham group,

aquifer (650-1,740 feet) in southern Archer County

). Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (2,250-

3,250 feet) in northern Archer County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and rep
2,070 feet) in southern Archer County

a Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (2,015-

,700 feet) in northeastern Archer County.

Isopachous illustration of net, thickness and representative electrical logs of Permian period aquifer
(600-805 feet) in northern Clay County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Giseo series, Graham group,
‘aquifer (1,190-1,660 feet) in northern Clay County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representa‘
aquifer (1,285-1,680 feet) in central Clay County__

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of
1,102 feet) in southern Clay County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series, Graham group,
aquifer (925-1,390 feet) in central Clay County--

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (014
1,500 feet) in southeastern Clay County

isco series, aquifer (370—

Page




to the best two wells in the Cherrykirk (index
No. 8) area and to one well in the Easter (index
No. 7) area.

A deeper Strawn aquifer of vast extent is
shown in figures 27 and 28 for a large part of the

county. Thickness ranges from a featheredge
to 220 feet, averaging about 95 feet, and depth
ranges from 1,278 to 3,630 feet. Although this
aquifer is not in use, indications are that it is a
prolific source.

Area
‘Shown’

Le. J
L_ JACK COUNTY
ry 20,000 40,600
SCALE: FEET
2s'or (ifesze }01TO g SUPPLY
LESS 50° 75) O wei
A B c
Bolin Oil Co. Arnold H Bruner Kadane-Goodstein Oil Co.
Groham-Loving No! Owen Nol Comey NoFA
£11266 E11 345) EI. 1199"
5 1° yoo
1900 : 1000
; (247)
@ 900 900
if NOTE
+ 800 Ae 800 Depths in porentneses not
< 590 . corrected for elevations.
3 700 , 7090
z (720 600
600
8 500
z 500
& 400 400
8
300 300
| _____— ne hortonatseote ~__

Freure 22.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(247-830 Feet) in Central Jack County.


12

en vi

Cele oe
B

oy 8
tor No

300 — ih 4 300
00 4 500

00 E 4 00

0 E f 4 700

o 4 800

E 4 200

% 1000 oq
woo & 3 00

Froure 7.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham
Group, Aquifer (1,150-1,905 Feet) in Northern Archer County.


18

t Ss RED

—

R.M. Johnson: R.B.Ross Brit-Amer. Oil Co. Ted Norwood
Toylor Estote No.| Householder No3A Stine No! Moser No.!
° £1963" £1,958" £1,997" E1937" °
5 F lf Seo Tevel |
100 | | 100
a | .
Z 200 i 1230) 200
fr '
2 300 E | se Wwe 4 300
w ’ a
® 400 | (1800) ~ (13503 400
= F [3
& 500 = 500
Fy E 5
E

600 600
z FA
B 700 Efi 700
8 E |

goo F- i ! 800

[+ No horizontat“ scale

NOTE:
Depths in porentheses not
corrected for elevotions.

Fiaure 13.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series,
Graham Group, Aquifer (1,190-1,660 Feet) in Northern Clay County.

Clay County, Tex. Thickness ranges from
zero to 95 feet, and depth ranges from 1,190
to 1,660 feet. Although not in use, this sand-
stone aquifer appears suitable for moderate-
sized floods in the Petrolia area.

Figure 14 shows a Cisco series aquifer of mod-
erate areal extent in the central part of the coun-
ty. Thickness ranges to 75 feet, and depth
ranges from 1,285 to 1,680 feet. This aquifer
yields 1,000 barrels per day to one well in the

Halsell (index No. 4) field.

Figure 15 Illustrates a Cisco aquifer of moder-
ate extent limited to the southern part of the
county. Thickness ranges up to 100 feet, and
depth ranges from 370 to 1,102 feet. This
aquifer yields a limited amount of water to one
well in the Amos and Andy (index No. 8) field.

Another Cisco aquifer (fig. 16) extends over
most of the central part of the county. Thick-
ness ranges from a featheredge to 100 feet, and


4

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL FEET

(oo

1900
2p00

E

] ii lil

l

| ee |

25" on 2s'to }200' on «SUPPLY
Less 50° 200° more ° wei
A 8 o
Boy 8 Kodane The TexosCompony Fain & McGaho Phillips Petroleum Co.
Frey Nol Chonce Nols Perkins No. FA Wildora No!
£1 1,09" E1.L066" €1.1037" EL sot

358")

> “ess01
fegso)

(2,730')

‘NOTE:
Depths in parentheses not
corrected for elevations:

l Wo hao sele

J

senenY PTT PPR wu

Fiaure 9,—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series

Aquifer (2,250-3,250 Feet) in Northern Archer County.


27

Deoths is perenne not
correctaa for sivotlons

Fieure 23.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(700-2,017 Feet) in Northern Jack County.

691752 O—6i——5


Although sandstone members of the Cisco,
Canyon, and Strawn series have a great range in
thickness and distribution, they offer excellent
sources of water of surprisingly uniform quality.

PERMIAN SYSTEM

Permian rocks conformably overlie the Penn-
sylvanian and outcrop in a large part of the area
studied (fig. 3-G). The Permian consists of
shale, limestone, and anhydrite, interfingered
with streaks of sandstone. Some of the sand-
stone stringers can be correlated over large
areas and are suitable aquifers for floods not
demanding water at high rates.° The stringers
are found at relatively shallow depths (less than
2,200 feet). Even near the outcrop (100 feet
or less deep), the water usually is quite saline.
Generally, the sandstone bodies are charac-
terized by rapid lateral change of facies and are
not likely to be as continuous as their counter-
parts of Pennsylvania age.

CRETACEOUS SYSTEM

The eroded land surface of the Pennsylvanian
formations were filled by sediments on land and
in a sea that gradually spread north and west-
ward from the present coastal plain of Texas.”
Massive sandstones, limestones, and shales are
common. The relatively unconsolidated sand-
stones are among the most prolific aquifers in
North Texas. Some wells yield artesian fresh
water of quality suitable for human consump-
tion. Only two relatively small areas in the
extreme eastern part of the area studied—
eastern Montague County and southeastern
Jack County, Tex.—are covered by Cretaceous
deposits (fig. 3-H). Most Cretaceous sedi-
ments are outside the area of oil production.

* One major waterflood operator abandoned several Permian water-
supply wells for failure to produce in excess of 750 barrels per day.
1 Work cited in footnote 5 (p. 8), Pp. 15-238.

UNCONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS

The unconsolidated deposits comprise a thin
veneer of clay and silt with local lenses and
stringers of sand and gravel. This veneer
covers geologically recent drainage systems,
especially sizable valleys filled with unconsol-
idated rocks. Use of these deposits as a source
of water is largely restricted to areas near the
banks of the major rivers. In accordance with
Ferrel’s law,* the present courses of the streams
differ appreciably from those of the past, and
therefore it is possible to find localized areas
where plentiful sources of water are available
at distances about 2 miles from present river
beds.’ For example, the city of lowa Park in
Wichita County, Tex., had a well located one-
half mile south of town and 2 miles north of the
present course of the Wichita River. This well
was completed in 2 feet of alluvium at a depth
of 21 feet. It yielded up to 4,000 barrels of
water per day for 21 years. The static fluid
level fluctuated seasonally from 6 to 12 feet, and
the working level at 4,000 barrels per day was
2034 feet. However, this water contained 1,240
parts per million of sodium chloride at a hydro-
gen-ion concentration of 6.2. Moreover, the
water was corrosive; one test showed 12 mils
per year.

Along the Wichita River, abundant yields
typify wells that penetrate 4 to 6 feet of gravel
beds ranging from 18. to 36 feet deep. These
alluvial deposits generally have high permeabil-
ity, are structurally uncomplicated, and are
readily rechargeable by considerable amounts
of water from direct rainfall and from infiltra-
tion from the originating stream and irrigation
canals.

‘Ferrel’s law relates to the phenomenon exhibited by free-moving

particles being deflected to the right. Thus, streams flowing from west
to east cut out the south (right) bank, leaving a deposit of alluvium on

the north (left) bank.
*Lobeck, A. K., Geomorphology: McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc.,
New York, N.¥., 1639, pp. 178-179,

ISOPACHOUS ILLUSTRATIONS OF AQUIFERS

The aquifer net thicknesses and areal extent
within the oil-productive areas were determined
through the use of electrical well logs. The
manner of mapping aquifers was simple and
direct. The oil-productive areas were divided
into squares that were approximately 1,700 feet
on a side, and at least one well log within each
square was designated for study. From these
logs approximately 20 to 25 adjacent logs form-
ing a loop within the productive area, were
selected for correlation of the significant aqui-
fers. Correlation of the aquifers determined
by study of the first loop was expanded by
studying additional intersecting loops of logs.
This network of intersecting loops resulted in
frequent checks on correlation.

Results of the study are reported mainly by
means of isopachous maps, illustrating quanti-

tative distribution of permeable sediments.
The distribution was determined directly from
electrical logs by counting the number of feet
of net sand exhibitin : (1) Invasion on the
shallow investigation (short normal) curve, and
(2) suitable response on the spontaneous poten-
tial curve.’

The aquifers studied vary greatly in size,
and they may extend well beyond the confines
of the oil-productive areas. A few sands are
100 square miles or more in area, but most
aquifers are relatively small. Some of the
aquifers extend over an area ot 1,000 square
miles. One of the largest aquifers mapped is a
sequence of sand lenses in the Cisco series,

1 Doll, H. G. ‘The SP Log: Theoretical Analysis and Principles of
Interpretation: Petrol. Trans,, AIME, vol. 179, 1949, pp. 146-186.


53

° 20000

AB Eoverte

‘AB Eewords Nat
Et. ,o9t"

SEALE FEET
0108 [T}o.zo F Jas. 10
Dies Che Coll
A c Do
Povo ring Ca, Foi econo Sst 08 coe Lass pooch 8
sen veraotn anthem
. tweed Not he Alor Cato eo hanna wicame nna
$5 00 eas" e116
it
age
$5 100
Boo
100
a
3 200
ag
E300
35 400
33
00

No norizontat scale

Ficure 50.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer

(685-1,680 Feet) in Southern Young County.


Page 2, first

The last sentence should read:

—.,

paragraph _
Previous work of the Federal Geological Survey has
resulted in the publication of several reports presenting
data on both potable and saline waters in Texas.2:
Page 2, Footnote 3 should read:
footnote 3
3/Gordon, C. H., Geology and Underground Water of the
Wichita Region, North-Central Texas: Geol. Survey Water- e.
Supply Paper 317, 1913, 88 pp. om
Sundstrom, R. W., Hastings, W. W., and Broadhurst, y
W. L., Public Water Supplies in Eastern Texas: Geol. Survey m
Water-Supply Paper 1047, 1948, 285 pp.
Sundstrom, R, W., Broadhurst, W. L., and Dwyer, B. C.,
Public Water Supplies in Central and North Central Texas:
-~ Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1069, 1949, 128 pp.
_-Winslow, A, G. and Kister, L, R., Saline-Water id
Resources of Texas: Geol. Survey Water-Supply Paper 1365, is.
1956, 105 pp. as
er
SUILAVIE LUE USE ae an recy piuvne ae. m

Corntctuin

is available almost everywhere. purposes
of this report are: To outline the occurrence,
quantity, and quality of water available for

looding in North Texas; to discuss and illustrate
aquifers containing large quantities of saline
water; and to describe areas where considerable
amounts of water are available from alluvial
deposits, streams, lakes, and irrigation canals.
Representative chemical analyses of water from
principal sources are included.

DEFINITION OF SALINE WATER

As used in this report, saline water refers to
water having an electrical log-determined
resistivity equivalent to that of water with more

Gordon, C. H., Geology and Underground Water of the Wichita
Region, North-Ceritral ‘Texas: Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 317,
1913.

some formations, where there is natural dis-
charge, the connate water has been partly or
entirely flushed in recent geologic time; how-
ever, in most formations, structural or strati-
graphic traps prevent natural flushing and the
connate water remains, although changed in
physical and chemical properties during geologic

time.
SURFACE WATER

Some water also is available from streams,
lakes, and irrigation canals, as well as from
shallow wells completed in alluvial deposits of
recent geologic origin. The sporadic occurrence
of surface water and water in alluvial deposits
necessarily limits their use as a flooding medium.
Therefore, an adequate supply of suitable water
generally can be obtained only from subsurface
formations.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The data on which this report is based were
obtained from records of many oil companies
operating in the area and from a study of
electrical well logs.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the

cooperation of the officials and employees of
the many oil companies who have made this
study possible by supplying and releasing the
water-supply ‘well data.

PROCEDURE

The Railroad Commission of Texas requires
each operator to file a request for a hearing
before commencing a waterflood. The hearings
file was the source of names of operators con-
tacted for data on water sources presently in
use. After the information on these sources
was studied, tabulated, and reported, sediment
distribution of the aquifers was investigated by

2

electrical logs. The log study resulted in the
preparation of 48 isopachous maps.

The net feet of sand thickness for each lo;
for each continuous aquifer was recorded.
Plotting of the thicknesses for individual aqui-
fers revealed their areal significance. Many
small aquifers are not included. The criteria
for including separate aquifers varied with the
relative abundance or scarceness of water, but


24

CLAY COUNTY

Wile.

20,900 40,900
SCALE: FEET
j25'OR 25'TO so'to YWioo' or
[st 50" 100" Y MORE
8 Cc DO
Fronk Wood Associates J.C.Jennings Co. Hayden Farmer Drilling Co. Kadane & Sons
Copeland No.! Wynn Nat Brown No.1 Constandine No.!
E1110" EI. 1,089" EI. 1,039 EI. 1,120°
2300 lo 2300
i] (3495') (3,438) .
B 2A00 S 3,540) 2400
s
00 00
be =
3 2600 2600
é
700
: i Note: 2700
Depths in parentheses not
S 2p00
a ne corrected for elevations. 2p00
o
= 2900 2900
& 3000 3000
6
300 | 3100

L No horizontal scale

Fiaure 20.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(3,185-4,040 Feet) in Southern Clay County.








21

CLAY COUNTY

Q
SCALE:
SAND 10! oR 1o'TO
JMISSING| Less 2s
Cc

jes'to YYyso'ro 75' OR
so ZY 7s" MORE

A B 1»)
Bridwell Oil Co. H.0.Grace LT.Burns Phillips Petroleum Co.

. River Ronch No.2 Selvidge Not Moore No.l Bryed No.!

o £1,992" £1,957" EL.1,043' £1.883'
38 300 300
ga 200 200
BG NOTE:
32 100 Depths in porenth 100
28 corrected for
a) °

100 100

sb
su 200 : 0,095) 200
Zz
Bd 300 300
ze
EG
£3 400 400
og

B soo 500

k ‘No horizontal scale +

Freure 16.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham
Group, Aquifer (925-1,390 Feet) in Central Clay County.


TABLES

. Chemical analyses and related ph:
Texas formation studied

.. Number of water-supply wells completed in each formation by counties

. Averages of salient data relative to water-supply wells in North Texas by formation

! Location and production characteristics of water-supply wells in North Texas by count

1 measurements of water from wells representing each North

Page



iv

Fig.

18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.

28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.

Al.
42.
43.
44,
45.
46.
47.

48.
49.
50.
51.
52.

Tsopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (2,600-
3,722 feet) in southwestern Clay County.
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (3,528—
4,952 feet) in west-central Clay County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loge of Strawn series aq
4,040 feet) in southern Clay County
Isopachous illustration of net Thickness and representative electrical loge of Ganyon acries aquifer (518-
1,300 feet) in northern Jack County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (247—
830 feet) in central Jack County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (700—
2,017 feet) in northern Jack County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (490-
1,360 feet) in southern Jack County
Isopachous illustration of net thickness
3,095 feet) in northern Jack County.
Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loge of Strawn series aquifer (1,220-
2,418 feet) in southern Jack County

. Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer | (2, 340—

,630 feet) in northern Jack County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (1,278—
2,758 feet) in southern Jack County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical
1,630 feet) in northern Montague County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (700-
1,370 feet) in central Montague County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loga of Ganyon series aquifer (1,210-
2,110 feet) in northern Montague County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loga of Canyon series aquifer (1,250
1,830 feet) in east-central Montague County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (875—
1,940 feet) in southwestern Montague County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (2,930—
4,530 feet) in northern Montague County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (2,690—
4,310 feet) in southern Montague County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Permian period aquifer
(840-1,250 feet) in southern Wichita County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Permian period aquifer
(720-1,400 feet) in northern Wichita County-

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and rep
1,575 feet) in northern Wichita County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series aquifer (1,750-
2,220 feet) in southern Wichita County.

. Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (2,620-

2,890 feet) in southeastern Wichita County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series aquifer (2,145-
2,350 feet) in southeastern Wichita County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loge of Permian poriod aqui
1,400 feet) in west-central Wichita County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of upper Cisco series aquifer
(200-1,165 fect) in northern Young Count

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of upper Cisco series aquifer
(180-550 feet) in southwestern Young County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Cisco series aquifer (438-
1,470 feet) in northern Young County.

Tsopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Ciseo series aquifer (208-020
feet) in southwestern Young County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loge of lower Cisco series aquifer
(800-1,525 feet) in northern Young County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical loge of lower Cisco series aquifer
(225-1,067 feet) in southern Young County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (1,120-
1,620 feet) in northern Young County

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Canyon series aquifer (685-
1,680 feet) in southern Young County,

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative electrical logs of Strawn series aquifer @,
3,500 feet) in northern Young County.

Isopachous illustration of net thickness and representative eleotrical logs of Strawn series aquifer (3,010-
2,710 feet) in southern Young County.



10

i ac? Ersch GIR, aes

20900, 400)
———souereeT
‘SAND 25° oR }0'OR . SUPPLY
Jmssino|_Juess more © weit
A — F
Boy @ Kodane ta Texee Conpery fon 8 tata Hossie Hunt Trustee ‘Akin Dimock Phillips Petroleum Co.
Frey Not ‘Chonce No 15, Perkins NoI-A Witson No.4 Hoffman No! Wildora No!
El. 1903" E1159"
oF ‘Seo level ] } °
i 200 200
z uz
y 300 woTe 300
Deptns in parentheses not

{400 cerretted for slvations. ster 100
ba Sp | tues
& 500 0.627) 500
8 600 fey 600
=
& 700 700
8

800

i 800

horizontal seole |

Ficure 5.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham
Group, Aquifer (1,075-1,805 Feet) in Northern Archer County.

Graham group, known locally as the Swastika
(or sometimes the Gunsight) zone.

Generally, the large aquifers are prolific
sources, but aquifers of limited extent can be
considered limited sources because water pro-
duction from them declines rapidly. Areal
extent and thickness are indications of the com-
petence of an aquifer, and in general the govern-
ing qualities considered in selecting zones to
map.

In the map titles, consistency with geologic
nomenclature in common use was attempted;
however, emphasis in this study was placed on
correlation. Many formations in the area are
unnamed, or are only locally named. Moreover,
evidence is strong that purely lithologic corre-
lations (as are any studies based solely on
electric logs) do cross true geologic time lines.”
aver, 0. D., Jr. An Introduction to the Fort Worth Basin:
ch. in Symposium of the Fort Worth Basin and Field Study of the Hili
Creek Beds of the Lower Strawn, Southwestern Parker Co., Texas:

Soc. of Econ, Paleont. and Miner., Permiam Basin Sec., Spring Meeting
and Field Symposium, May 11-13, 1956, p. 16-17.

For these reasons, ample representative logs
are shown with each illustration to permit
identification of the zone.

ARCHER COUNTY

Two Cisco sandstone aquifers and three Can-
yon sandstone aquifers are mapped for Archer
County, Tex. Wells completed in the more
deeply buried Canyon aquifers have capacities
up to 7,000 barrels per day, compared to 3,250
barrels per day for the best well in a Cisco
aquifer tested.

Figures 5 and 6 illustrate a Cisco aquifer of
vast areal extent, with a thickness as much as
80 feet, and a depth range from 425 to 1,805
feet. Nine wells in the South Vogtsberger
(index No. 4),!? Geraldine (index No. 5), Ragle

12 See figure 1 (p. 4) for supply well location.


SUBSURFACE SALINE WATER SOURCES FOR
WATERFLOODING IN NORTH TEXAS’

By
Frank Parrish, Jr.,? and Thomas M. Garland*

Summary

supply wells used by waterflood operators in North Texas and shows the

distribution of permeable source sediments. Averages of well character-
istics, including static fluid levels, working fluid levels, net thicknesses, pro-
ducing rates, and depths, are presented and discussed.

Essentially all water used in waterflooding is mineralized water from
consolidated sediments. This study is concerned with the geology and dis-
tribution of these mineralized source sediments, whereas previous work in this
area was predominantly a study of shallow sources of potable water. Tables,
isopachous maps, and electric-log cross sections are included to describe the
several source aquifers.

In general, water-producing capacity increases with depth of the sediments.
Wells completed in Cretaceous sediments 82 to 600 feet deep yield 50 to 600
barrels of water daily, whereas those completed in Pennsylvanian sediments
360 to 4,110 feet deep yield 100 to 7,000 barrels daily. Although deeper
formations are used where oil and water are produced conjunctively and where
large withdrawal rates are required, insufficient well data prevented mapping
of deeper formations.

Some water also is available from streams, lakes, and irrigation canals,
and from shallow wells completed in unconsolidated alluvial deposits of recent
geologic origin. Sporadic occurrence of surface water necessarily limits its
use as a flooding medium. The use of alluvial deposits as a source is restricted
to areas near the banks of the major rivers.

North Texas has areas of both abundance and scarcity of fresh and saline
water for flooding purposes. The relative capacities of its important sources
within the oil-producing areas are indicated by isopachous illustrations.
That mapping was not attempted does not indicate that the aquifer is dis-
continuous outside oil- productive areas. If two or more wells are completed
in the same aquifer, wells should be located as far apart as practicable to assist
in sustaining the withdrawal rates.

Hydraulic fracturing may afford temporary increases in well productivity,
but little sustained benefit should be expected.

. Casings in wells completed in shallow alluvial beds should contain an
inert gas to minimize oxygen contamination.

Tes REPORT by the Federal Bureau of Mines presents data on water-

4 Work on manuscript completed July 1960.
2 Petroleum engineer, Bureau of Mines, Wichita Falls, Tex.


16

ARCHER COUNTY

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

° 20,000 40,000
SCALE: FEET
SAND 25'OR 50'TO 100'OR
MISSING LESS 100° MORE
A B
Hunt, Trustee Akin & Dimock
Wilson No.4 Hoffman No.|
800 £1,948 El.1003"_
900
1000
4100 (2,140

\200
1300
1400
1500
1600

NOTE:

or
E0288)

Depths in paretheses not
corrected for elevations.

No horizontal scale

800

900

1000
oo
1200
(B00
1400
1500

\600

Freure 11.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Elec-
Canyon Series Aquifer (2,015-2,700 Feet) in Northeastern Archer

trical Logs of

County.



bi of mines
L enna investigations 5800

SUBSURFACE SALINE WATER SOURCES
FOR WATERFLOODING IN NORTH TEXAS

By Frank Parrish, Jr., and Thomas M. Garland

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
BUREAU OF MINES

1961


39

se

, >
| il

Y/ j/, Y

iN
| Zo

50 oR [T]T]}50" 10 [] 100 to y 200 OR @ SUPPLY
Less too’ KJ 150° A 200° MorE © weit
A B Cc oO
‘An-Son Petroleum Corp. JG. Dyer Mendota Oi! Co. RC.Lipscomb
Foster No3 Brite No2 Belcher No! Gronnon Nal
ELloor . £1978" EI. 1,085" EL. 1059!
3100 | (3200) | 2100
+
4 2200 2200
i
‘ 2300
g 2800 aK
4 2400 | 2400
< Depths in porentheses not
@ 2500 corrected for elevations. B00) 4 2500
2 2600 3 200
a
: 2700 -J 2700
° E
& 2800 E | 4 2800
2900 = 2900

Figure 35.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(2,690-4,310 Feet) in Southern Montague County.



generally, the report includes only aquifers of
3 billion or more acre-feet.

A continuous water-bearing formation, pro-
ductive in one area, was considered a likely
source in other areas. By such an extrapolative
process, much can be inferred about satisfactory
water supplies in other areas.

Many other possible aquifers were omitted
because the formations were discontinuous.

Throughout the study, mapping was limited
to oil-productive areas because it is in these
areas that requirements for flooding can be
expected in the future; also, only in these areas
are sufficient logs available.

The investigation was made in two parts:
(1) Information concerning the sources in use

3

was collected, tabulated, and reported;‘ and
(2) the areal continuity and thickness of these
sources and the possibility of new sources were
determined by electrical log studies. The com-
bined results are given in this publication.

Figure 1 shows the geographic location of the
counties covered by the first part of the in-
vestigation and of the six counties covered by
the second part, which has isopachous maps.
Logged-well density was insufficient to permit
accurate mapping in the remaining counties.
Figure 1 also shows supply well index numbers
used on the isopachous illustrations and in
table 4.

i Gatiand, 7. Mand Parrish, Franky Jr, Sogrees of Water for Water

ing Nore ‘fexas: Preliminary Rept. to North Texas Oil and Gas
‘isoen May 1908

GENERAL GEOLOGY OF AQUIFERS

Physiographically, most of the area studied
is in the northeastern part of the Osage Plains.
With the exception of scattered Cretaceous
remnants lying east of the plains, the surface
formations are almost entirely Pennsylvanian
or Permian in age. Regional dip of the forma-
tions is usually west-northwest at approxi-
mately 30 feet per mile. All of the rocks were
divided for purposes of discussion into: (1)
Consolidated sediments, and (2) unconsolidated
deposits.

CONSOLIDATED DEPOSITS

Figure 2 presents a generalized geologic
column of formations that underlie the uncon-
solidated deposits. The age of these beds of
shale, anhydrite, coal, sandstone, limestone,
and dolomite ranges from Cambrian to Cre-
taceous. Most of the beds are Pennsylvanian.
The geographic location of the consolidated
sediments is shown in figure 3. These forma-
tions overlie the basement crystallines and have
highly variable lithology. Figure 4 illustrates
the major structural features of the area. In
the southeastern part of Montague County, and
in the northern parts of Wichita and Clay coun-
ties, the indurated sediments have been sub-
jected to faulting, as well as to tilting and
folding. Gentle anticlines occur throughout
the remainder of the area, with little or no
faulting.

Typical wellhead and laboratory analyses of
waters from Cambrian, Ordovician, Mississip-
pian, Pennsylvanian, Permian, Cretaceous, and
Quaternary formations are given in table 1.

PRECAMBRIAN SYSTEM

The basement rocks of Precambrian age do
not crop out in the North Texas area. They
are shallowest along the Muenster arch (see
fig. 4) of extreme northeast Montague County,

591752 O—61——_2

Tex., where they are covered by only 1,800 feet
of sediments. Igneous rocks, chiefly granite
and granitic gneisses of the Precambrian base-
ment, are not a source of water in the area.

CAMBRIAN SYSTEM

Widespread Cambrian sediments rest on the
basement crystallines (fig. 3-A). Upper Cam-
brian formations, predominantly limestone and
dolomite with some thick beds of sandstone,
supply an abundance of water. Wells com-
pleted in the Hickory sandstone member have
the highest water-producing rates of any en-
countered during the study. In the southern
part of Jack and Young Counties, Tex., the
thickness and lithology are unknown. Else-
where, except along the Red River uplift, the
5,000- to 8,000-foot depth of the member ordi-
narily would prevent its use as a water source.
Control was inadequate to permit mapping any
Cambrian formations; however, their abundant
water-productive capacities and widespread
occurrence command attention if other sources
are not readily available.

ORDOVICIAN SYSTEM

Area Ordovician rocks are chiefly limestone
and dolomitic limestone. The lower Ordovician
rocks are not considered important aquifers in
the area, even though they are widespread.
Locally, they are fissured and permeable, con-
taining highly mineralized water. They are
contained within the Ellenburger formation (fig.
3-A), which also includes some distinct units
recognized as Cambrian in age. Presently,
their use as water sources is restricted to Wil-
bar er and Wichita counties, Tex., along the

River Wl lift and to Clay and Cooke coun-
Bee Tex. Elsewhere, their 5,000- to 8,500-foot
depth hampers the use of these rocks.

The upper Ordovician rocks are composed of
the Simpson and Viola formations. They are


mk
Crrnrtctuin

INTRODUCTION

PURPOSE AND SCOPE

This report is a contribution to the conserva-
tion of natural resources program of the Bureau
of Mines as applied to the secondary recovery
of oil. The data should assist North Texas
operators in locating competent saline water
sources. The need for water for flooding grows
daily. In January 1960, an estimated 250,000
barrels of makeup water was being injected
daily into North Texas formations. Previous
published work has been limited to potable
water sources.’ Scv 2

Surface water, or underground saline water,
suitable for use as an oil-displacement medium,
is available almost everywhere. The purposes
of this report are: To outline the occurrence,
quantity, and quality of water available for
flooding in North Texas; to discuss and illustrate
aquifers containing large quantities of saline
water; and to describe areas where considerable
amounts of watér are available from alluvial
deposits, streams, lakes, and irrigation canals.
Representative chemical analyses of water from
principal sources are included.

DEFINITION OF SALINE WATER

As used in this report, saline water refers to
water having an electrical log-determined
resistivity equivalent to that of water with more

Gordon, ©. H., Geology and Underground Water of the Wichita
Region, North-Ceitral Tezas: Geol. Survey Water Supply Paper 317,

than 1,000 parts per million of sodium chloride.
Water with more than 35,000 parts per million
of sodium chloride, as measured by resistivity,
is considered brine. Much surface water in
this area thus classified is saline.

OCCURRENCE OF SALINE WATER
GROUND WATER

Generally, saline water occurs in porous and
permeable members of subsurface formations
ranging in age from Cambrian to Cretaceous.
It is connate (water in which the formation was
deposited) or, in some cases, interstitial (water
present in the interstices of the rocks). From
some formations, where there is natural dis-
charge, the connate water has been partly or
entirely flushed in recent geologic time; how-
ever, in most formations, structural or strati-
graphic traps prevent natural flushing and the
connate water remains, although changed in
physical and chemical properties during geologic

time.
SURFACE WATER

Some water also is available from streams,
lakes, and irrigation canals, as well as from
shallow wells completed in alluvial deposits of
recent geologic origin. The sporadic occurrence
of surface water and water in alluvial deposits
necessarily limits their use as a flooding medium.
Therefore, an adequate supply of suitable water
generally can be obtained only from subsurface
lormations.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

The data on which this report is based were
obtained from records of many oil companies
operating in the area and from a study of
electrical well logs.

The authors gratefully acknowledge the

cooperation of the officials and employees of
the many oil companies who have made this
study possible by supplying and releasing the
water-supply well data.

PROCEDURE

The Railroad Commission of Texas requires
each operator to file a request for a hearing
before commencing a waterflood. The hearings
file was the source of names of operators con-
tacted for data on water sources presently in
use. After the information on these sources
was studied, tabulated, and reported, sediment
distribution of the aquifers was investigated by

2

electrical logs. The log study resulted in the
preparation of 48 isopachous maps.

The net feet of sand thickness for each log
for each continuous aquifer was recorded.
Plotting of the thicknesses for individual aqui-
fers revealed their areal significance. Many
small aquifers are not included. The criteria
for including separate aquifers varied with the
relative abundance or scarceness of water, but


52

YOONG” COUNTY

jo" oR i. TO Ba. 1 J75'OR SUPPLY
jess [i S5"° Fo*so° Koo lll ose: © “wer
A B oO —
¥ Worran oi corpereton Parag Protnre co Mon oi ans i co
35 Phare del ‘eek ned owning tes om ccure tet
Se 200 EL. Wie “ 1,208" El. Lss El. 1,260" 200
Fe oF 3 | | j | ee
Epa Seo ive! 3
100 100
ry gee
Be 200 200
Bz 300 300
FF ooo 975 parannases sot 400
5 sed to easton
3 200 300
a

600

No horizontol seate

Ficure 49.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(1,120-1,620 Feet) in Northern Young County.


35



<P

a

Yr oD
tine ff Hs

Sinn )

a

3100

3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700

3800

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

3900

Figure 19.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical

20000
SCALE: FEET
50' oR [I[/]]] 50" to [Jioo'ro I50'TO 200' OR
Less |i} too’ KY 150° 200° MORE
A B c
Bridwell Oil Co. Panhandle Oil Co. Akin & Dimock
River Ranch No.2 Halsell Nol Nutter No.1
El. 992" El. 897" El. 985°

(4,310)

y

(4,438') st

No horizontal scale I

NOTE:
Depths in parentheses not
corrected for elevations.

3100
3200
3300
3400
3500
3600
3700
3800

3900

Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer (3,528-4,952 Feet) in West-Central Clay County.

23


40
WICHITA COUNTY

Three Permian sandstone aquifers, three
Cisco sandstone aquifers, and one Canyon
sandstone aquifer are mapped for Wichita
County, Tex. The largest yields, from un-
mapped Canyon, Ellenburger, and Cambrian
aquifers combined, were up to 8,000 barrels per
day from one well. The best well in the much
shallower Permian formations yields 1,100 bar-
rels per day.

A large Permian aquifer in the southern part
of Wichita County is shown in figure 36.
Thickness ranges from a featheredge to 110
feet, and depth ranges from 840 to 1,250 feet.
Seven wells located in one-half square mile in
the K.M.A. (index No. 19) area are pro-
ducing from this horizon. Well capacities ap-
pear highly interdependent. As additional
wells were drilled, the sustained yield of the
area did not increase proportionately, as the
capacities of the nearby wells decreased abrupt-
ly. The capacity of each newly drilled well
declined rapidly for approximately 60 days,

and then leveled off at the reduced capacity
of the older wells.

Hydraulic fracturing treatment of two of the
newer wells resulted in a temporary increase in
the combined production rate of the seven
wells; however, within 60 days production from
all wells declined to the before-fracture capacity.

Figure 37 shows the thickness and extent of
another Permian aquifer for the northern part
of Wichita County, Tex. Thickness ranges
from a featheredge to 130 feet, averaging about
55 feet. Depth ranges from 720 to 1,400 feet.
One well in the Electra (index No. 1) and two
wells in the Texhoma (index No. 9) areas are
producing from this sandstone aquifer.

A Cisco aquifer (fig. 38) is of limited areal
extent in the northern part of Wichita County,
Tex. Its thickness ranges from a featheredge
to 75 feet, and depth ranges from 1,030 to
1,575 feet. This sandstone aquifer is in use in
three wells in the South Burk (index No. 8)
and Texhoma (index No. 9) areas.

A Cisco aquifer of moderate extent in the
southern part of the county is shown by figure

t
fi: |
l

mou
fl L ee,

a

Pun
:

Ss

|
J

thee

r 20.000 "40,000
SCALE "FEET
25° OR 2s'To FTMY50' To YY75'or g SuPPLY
Ces so Lj 7s' Gore © wee
rN 8 c 0 E F 6
Nosh Oi! Co. GW. Cooper _Hanfon @ Buehenan. Mom Operating Co. fda Oil Ca Consolidated Oil Co Fain & McGoho
James Woter Well Na_-Mortin No! Fassett @ Tuttle NolO-E Kempner Unit No.4 Jackson Nol ‘Dickinson Noll Foin & MeGohe Fee No.
2 ’ . ’ me
ge 400 EL Ae’ ELIola EI. 1,051 El.,o20' 11,013" E1008" E1973" 400
BE 500 300
3g
gq 200 \erz 200
33 100 100
° i} °
ae too 100
Bi 200 U 200
28 Depths in porentheses not
bo] 2pths in parentheses not

EY 300 ‘corrected for elevations. 300
rd

400

k No he

Fieure 36.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Permian Period
Aquifer (840-1,250 Feet) in Southern Wichita County.


22

CLAY COUNTY

y,
Is N | 4
I NON
\\
— s
° "20,900 40,000
SCALE: FEET
25'TO 50' TO 75' TO !00'OR
50" | 75° 100" MORE
A B
So Continental OilCo. Ado Oil Co.
3 ir Welch Nol Woodworth No.3
a. E1.1,080° El. 1,007°
Za 100 100
eS
gq ° E seed H level 2 °
aa ‘
1100)
“8 100 HLs0% F149
200 7] 200
(1Z6dX
=i 300 | 300
ir]
g ra
Bi 400 400
re {|
E4 500 500
Wa
uw 600 600
700 700

No horizontal scole~ note:
Depths in parentheses not

corrected for elevations

Freure 17.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness
and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series
Auquifer (1,014-1,500 Feet) in Southeastern Clay
County.

Hi il i! Tag

100'oR gsuPPLY
ess y Ul wore Owen,

A
Witeor O11 Coa
canine Oo

‘sealing

c
fain 8 Meng saermings co.
Flgnman Noo yn

fa 2s

eo +
(2,880)
\es97) 2990)

No horizontal seale

DEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

Fiaure 18.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness
and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series
Aquifer (2,600-3,722 Feet) in Southwestern Clay
County.


Tasix 4.—Location and production characteristics of water-supply wells in North Texas by counties
KEY TO ABBREVIATIONS

Denton C.S.L. League Denton County School Land League 3. ‘Texan, Emigration end Land Company George Ivey. fan Antonia thd Mexican Gulf Railroad. Denton Co, Sch. Las. Denton County School Lands League 4.
. m Survey: Fannin County School Land. East Texas Railroad. League 4.
H.& T.C.R. R......- Houston and Teas Central Reiroad Com- Wea BG. We Washington County Rallroad Company. ‘Thomas M. League. - Cowherd Brothers subalviston, Southern Pacific Raliroad Company.
asley) TH. A. Scott, Addit orge Butler.
A. T. N.C. L.. - American Tribune New Colony Lands. H.&T.B. Houston ‘Tap and Brazoria Railroad Com- ‘Land and Cattle Company, 1d Te tral Railroad Com- Young County School Lands.
ALTON. ‘Gérai: American ‘Tribune New Colony Lands Bay Colorado, and Sante Fe. Raflrond Hons ad Feng Go ‘School Lands. GB. Galveston and Brazos Navigation Com-
‘dine Sub’n. (Geraldine). Hopkins Co, Seb. La... Hopkitis County School Land, jompany. Patience Castleman,
B.B.B, & C, R. R.... Buffalo Bayou, Brazos and Colorado Com- LP. & P Memphis, El Paso, and Pacific Railroad ©. Parrish, 2 Kemp Wieblta Valley Farm Lands. .. Adams, Beaty & Moulton.
pany Railroad, ‘Company. Columbus ‘Tap Ratlroad Company.
Approximate location of source well Source Completion Well test data ‘Method of handling water
Index W. Pro-
Index No. Operator and lease Static | Working| Pro- | Esti- Static | Working] Pro- | Esti- | Openor | duced Estimated
Field or area Survey Ab- | Block | Lot or Formation _|_ Producing | Effective| ‘Type of | Openholeor | Treatment | Date offirst test | level, | level, | ducing | mated | Date oflater test | level, | level, | ducing | mated | closed | and | Troubles, | Chemical |Fiitered| barrels
stract section interval, feet |thickness| water | perforated feet’ | feet’ | rate, | capacity, feet’ | feet’ | rate, |capacity,| system | source | encountered | treatment withdrawn
feet void. |“Bbiya: bbl/d. | bbl/d. water
mixed
ARCHER
COUNTY
‘Mangold subdivision. 1, 200-1, 225 0.8. None. 100 700 100 700 | Closed..| Yes...
Denton 0.8.1, 2, 560-2, 620 Pert. 2,000,000.
League
-do.. 2, 425-2, 062 Slotted liner. 636 6,000,000.
-----d0.. 2,591-2,970 | 3 G-370 do. 560 108,000.
H.& T.O.R.R. 2, 563-2, 610 Perf. August 1956. 1,000 Corrosion 630,000,
3, 085-8, 165 inhibitor.
‘Tom Metiders & Fain & Me-| south McDonald. 1,165 Cisco (Lower 1, 568-1, 653, 0H. November 1951 900} 1,300 do. 2,587,000.
Gaha. Votsberger. ‘Thomas).
‘Tom Medders, Jr
‘Tom Medders.. 920 1 7 |.----d0. 1, 802-1, 677 0.H. September 1955....] 700 315,000.
920 1 2| Cisco. 1, 380-1, 412 Pert. August 1951.. 1,000 -] Sequestering
‘agent.
1, 360-1, 375, Perf. None.
neste Gas ‘Transmission --| A,D.N,0.. do. #1, 340-1, 496 Ripped casing February 1955.....] 300 700 136,000.
Burns-Brown,
Alin & Dimock.. 1,124, 146 Pert. 730,000.
‘Turkeville. 1; 306-1, 316,
Akin & Dimock... 1, 156-1) 168 Perf, 105,000.
©. Cowan, mas) 1, 210-1, 220,
Arghor Drilling & Produeing seceeeeee| ML Ctseo (Delmar)......| 1,180-1; 200 Pert. 200 |. do. 78,000.
le.
-| Cisco (Lower 1, 496-1, 530 On. _| June 1987. .| Corrosion |.- 114,000.
Ranch, Swastika). inhibitor.
1, 526-1, 567 On. August 1056. July 1957. 0 497,000.
ord Calm. 1, 553-1, 588 On, December 1956... 424] #844 | 93,250 May 1957. 300,000.
Nabe Cain. 1, 655-1, 586 On. August 1956. Saly 1957. 547,000.
Archer Dr ing & Producing. rds. | 1,140-1, 160 Perf. --d0.. 108,000.
onohue.
Galloway Bros. - -| Harris Subdivision of Wolfeamp and Cisco.} _** 560-986 Perf. 250 gal. acid, ~-do... 16,000,
lub Ranch,
Cgrk & Plumb Sub- Canyon. 1, 850-2, 120 Perf. 2,000 gal, mud August 1957.. 300} 1,018 | 4,100 21,000.
vision. acid.
John Levins. . Wolfeamp and Cisco.| 1 628-1, 044 Pert. 250 gal. actd. | August 1956. July 1957. 62,000.
B.B.B.&O. R.R_. -| Cisco Lower 1, 408-4, 418 Pert. None. Oct 1,200 237,000.
Swastika). 1; 428-1, 448, : efober 1056.
T.E.&L.. 378 | Cisco (Grabam). 515-675 | 17 G-160 Pert. 1475 | *2,300 Corrosion | No...
‘Campbell. 38700 inhibitor.
W, 8. Heatley. ‘Wyatt Subdivision. Lower Permian... 620-650 30 . ” N 600,000.
Ganer (Wells 1 and). * Pert mo on ia
-| Ralph Harper a -do.. 690-700 10 On. 228,125,
Lowel“ OG Bacon Subdivist Gravel be
owell “¥” Oil Co... acon Subdivision... ravel bed. . 72,000.22
Schnmake (Wells 1, 2nd), “ an 5 Pert £000
0..C. Wills... Specht & McCutcheon. Lower Permian.....| 688-720 32 On, 472,000.
McGregor,
-| Burk Royalty. — 630-705 on, December 1951... 1,000,000.
MeGregor (Wel
-| Burk Royalty. 642-649 7 oH Tune 1952. 1,100,000.
ee Sua met wa
Wwe .. . 360,000,
‘Land Bank. oo ° ‘ee
Sussex Oil Co 3 650-670 Perf. 40 Open... | 879,000
Thornberry Subdivi- 8 645-683 On. 400
ston.
Bacon Subdivision... Lower Permian and | 1632-1, 077 Pert. 600 1,170,000.
SCO.
Lower Permian. 38 410-696 Pert. f Taly 195238, 2550 -| 874,000.
634-645 Ripped casing,|. Tuly 1957. 150
7 600-670 Perf, June 1951. 776,000.
605-628 Pert. February 1063. 237,000.
acid 1, 484-1, 793 Perf, gna ‘March 1956.. 500 | 91,000 | #*1,000 200] 1,000 90,000.
). HT,
He. 1,123 5, 706-5, 814 On. |... 2500} +600 | Closed... None.
Miami Operating Co.. Morebead.. 5, 750-5, 850 On. 2,100 115,000.
‘Acme (well 33). "
da, O11 C Hopkins Co, Seb. Ld... 3,190-3, 250 Perf. June 2967 June 1987. 200} #800 | 11,800 |... None.
sand Water
fractured.
554-582 8 Liner Nono.. November 195: February 1957. 3200 |. 368,000.
560-574 28 Pert. do October 1956. Suly 1957. 200 000.
1, 078-1, 002 * ° “eno
5, 956-6, 019 63 Pert. ‘Total, 16,000 | March 1955. 381,720 No....| CaCOs being Ample
gal.'acid, deposited." source,
5, 858-6,083 80 ‘Total, 10,000 1,000
. Clark (weil 3). gal. acid.
stall Oto 31 5,917-6,028 2, 600

‘Total, 10,000
al. acid.

Brock (weil 2).
Republic Naturel Gas,

326-2, 820 780

Sealing.
-| 0x Driling Co 4 51, 890-2, 441 Pert, 400 700
Kewance Oil Co... #2, 015-2, 074 2 Pert. September 1956. 875 | 1,300 416 Corrosion | Yes...} 327,600.
mn inhibitor.
26-42 16 Pert. April 1957... 16] 430 911,820 -| None. #
‘Trinity. 150-600 | # G-450 |...do, On, Tune 1953... 250 305,000.
nigh ‘etin. --do. 450-600 | # G-150 |...do, OH. 100 |... 600 882,000.
- Rieiard Cri. 240-280 | 4 G40 |._.do. 0.8. 100 |... 280 403,200.
‘Trumpter Oll Co 615-630 Pert. March 1954... +5600 178 178 |... Corrosion |. 222,000.
Walterseheld, inhibitor
Phillips Petroleum Co. 516 360-390 Pert. January 1956. 218 324 365 365 Yes...| 174,000.40
Phillipe voteetogin C 516 roa
ps Petroleum Co... 6-5 Pert. 255 |. ves...
Knabe (well 22). January 1957. Yes
4. Russell & Russell. 585-595 OH. July 1954. 150 | 2,304 Corrosion
Campbell. inhibitor.
4. C&L ON Co... 300-420 On. November 1982. jone..
91,700 |... On. Tuly 1953, do......} Yes...|
600-610 On. December 1956.. ‘Yes...| 31,500.
P, Lynn. 1,407 1, 842-1, 922 OH, 1,000 gal. acid. 1,148,590.
een (well i); yn. ge January 1956. 46,590.
Seneca Oil Co. J.D. Lynn. 1,547 1, 840-1, 920 On. 1,000 gal. acta. do. Included
‘Lynn (well 3), fa Lynn
Nod
. above.
Kay Kimbel Fannin Co, Sch. W7 3, 484-3, 494 Perf. None. April 1955.........| Flow. 6 do. 46,
ne ext 18 vet ose te d
jurk Royalty. sullivan. 822-1, ert. November 1954. 1,000 ~-| Open... Yes...] Some iron | Corrosion |Yes.... | 930,000.
Osborne. 1, 848-1, 864 plugging. inhibitor
and lime.
GRAYSON
COUNTY
. Sint eae East Sherman... 2,215-2, 503 | #7 G-288 |. 300 400 --| Closed..} Yes...] No Algecido.....| Yos...| 1,512,000.
oulse Kimball.
Nortex Oil & Gi -| South 3, 796-3, 907 83 |. Perf. a 14 a-e-[---do...-| Ni
arte, Of auth cath, 00 00 do....| No.. None. 160,000,
JACK
-| Myers, Hawkins, Davis 190-229 30 | Fresb.....| Slotted liner 85 85 |... 177,000.

168,000.
1,049,000,
786,000.

200-305 On.

Singleton.
‘Warren Oil Corp.

Porter.
Warren Oil Corp.
Ellis & DuBoise.
©... Rocchio..
Henderson.
Weber & Kurtz,
Bloodworth.

300-350
140-195
295-300

59,600.
26,000.

Weber & Kurtz. . a OH.
Bloodworth. 0-805
-| CL. Young. 140-170 On. 43,000.
Stewart (well 1);
-| O.L. Young. 140-170 On. 21,600.
Btewart (well 2).
-| 8&8 00 Co. Strawn (Buttram).. 2,200 Pert.
_| ambassador Of Cores... do... 1,898-1, ui |...do.....| Pert. do....| No....] Highly corro- | Corrosion
Cherryhomes (well 23). 11980-2010 st 4,008,000,
Ambassador Of1 Corp. do... 51, 846-2, 020 83 |....do.....| Perf. .do....} No....| 660,000.
Cherryhomes (well 4000,
American Petrofina. . J.T. Dawson. Canyon (Home 430-539 | @ G-100 | Fresh ._| 0.1. do.....| No.... 720,000.
reels).
I. Hughson do... 430-530 | G-100 |...do.....| O.H. -do. 282,000,
. ‘Thomas M. League... -| Strawn (Buttram)..| 2, 270-2, 285 25 | Brine.....| Pert. do... 157,000.
Tones. 2, 300-2, 310
MONTAGUE
COUNTY
Pure OM Co... 82-182 44 | Fresh.....} Pert. Corroston 23,000.
W. W. Jone inhibitor,
Petroleum Investment Co... 82-199 | @ G-110 |..do. Pert. 200 |. « Corrosion 180,000.6"
Jones (well 8). inhibitor
sequester-
Petroleum Investment Co... 213-250 37 Included]. ‘Yes...| Included
Tones (well 9). in well in total
8 above. for well
Continental Oil Cor 190-210 225 -| Corrosion
W. W. Jones (well i). inhibitor,
Continental Oi1 Co. 190-210 | 20 | do ef OL, fence edO eeepc cece feceeenee[eceecneee feseeeeeeeefeoeecesetefeeee dO scccccceeteefccnsesefeseseeeseefeeceseceee] 75 |..do.....| Yes...} Slight corro- |...
'W, W. Jones (well 2).
Contineintal Out Co. 190-210 --| January 1957... 300
W. Jones (eet 3).
continental O1G Hildreth. 3,980-4, 110 A 7,400
Hildreth (well 17).
Now faria Mining & Chom. | Anson 1 1,500 |. Q 1,200

ical Co., Anson

THROCK-
MORTON
COUNTY - ),
...| Woodson Oil Co. Manning- 231 ‘Water frac- 21s} 1,785 490 .| Yes...] Rapid deple- | Corrosion | Yes...| ©
Manning Lerringion Herrington. tured. ‘tion. inhibitor.
L

Water frae-

Woodson ‘Oil Co.
‘Manning-Herri
(well 2).

‘Woodson Oll Co.
Brown “"Q""

_| Woodson Oi Co.

Brown “L" (we

-| Wgodson 011 Co

Wichita River O Oo.
W. T. Donnell.
Burk Royalty.

Pert.

Pert.

Pert. April 1954.

Pert.and 0.H,| Waterfrae- | Februar;
tured obruary i
6,000 Ib.

Perf, Water frac-
‘tured 24,000

Ib. sand.
‘one.

4,455-4, 814
838-854

452-472
830-840

903-925
1, 242-1, 408

‘orrosion
inhibitor.

2,364

- Comanche Indian 139
Housley (well i). Reservation.

Burk Royalty. 139

‘Housley (well 2).

32 1, 270-1, 280

Columbian Fuel Corp.
Hendrick.

WICHITA
COUNTY
Vingon & Clark. Waggoner Colony 302 | Permian... 1, 130-1, 160 an | 400} 1,110
bson. Subdivision.
alga & Dimock. evens 288 | Cisco (Gunsight)....| 2, 020-2, 049 -| August 1951... —
Krohn.
Northwest ..| Canyon, Ellen- 2, 363-3, 070 JH 22,000 gal. acid.| October 1952... Flow- 20 | 16,000 fathodic | Yes...
Extension. burger, and Cam- ing. protection, |
brian. gorrosion
or.
ado. Canyon and Ellen- | 2, 556-3,824 On. 28,000 gal. acta | 125] 18,678 do... 08...
burger. 310,000,
Electra... Canyon limestone | 2.676-3, 450 On. 43,000 gal. acid | 450 | 1,510 | Juty 1967... 450 -| Cortecion | Yes.
(iekory). : 486,000.
Vinson & Clark... do. Clseo.. -| 1,900-1, 910 None... 1,300} 450 |. do. lone.
onaker.
West Burk... Canyon and Elien- | 2,096-2, 917 do, au] 4,512 athodie | Yes...
burger. protection,
innibiter. 2,962,600,
rn. 962,600,
Canyon and Bllen- | 1,986-3,108] 327 |. 17,400 gal. acid | d Yes...
burger, and Cam
brian.
Ellenburger and | 2,340-2, 745 2,000 gel. acid
‘Cambrian.
Canyon and Biten- | 2,2143,025 31,000 gal. acta |
nurger.
Paradise Oil C 1, 608-1, 616 Water fractured Yes...
Paradise “O” (weil i), 3,000 gal
1.00-1, 090 3001b. sand. x
Paradise Oll Co. |, 600-1, =
Paradise #0” ei. 2 ye | to.00.
8. Akin & Di 18 988-4, 1 om ,
du Moderately | Corrosion | Yes. | 108,000."
41, 280-1, 897 ou. January 1953... 425 | ---------] J corrosive. | inhibitor. 2,106,000.
oo ee, © 636-1,123 Perf, a 625 do. Wo | Yes...
Roller (Well 44 . | None. No...
arieox Driling C H. Hastie... | 4 Cisco conglomerate. 60-868 Lato 10586.. 2120] 400 None. | so
§80- Moderatel; Corrosic Yes... 989,000.
_| Diftl Well O11 Co... Cisco... 1, 040-1, 060 January 1954. 500 800 500 500 |...d0.....| ¥es...] Moderately | Corrosion Xe tinea,
28 do... #8 834-1, 038 di Yes...| None. cx] Be
M . Yes...| 996,000.
28 Cisco (Ward)... 1, 872-1, 592 January 1955. Yes...| Moderately es,
92 Cisco conglomerate..| © 800 ”
tie. , May toon .
37 = 7
Braweil O0 Co. 31 y 750,000.
D.F. OR 6-81
Faasett & Bai (well), 250,000.
DF. O'Row 26-31
‘Fausett & Tuttle (well 5. 3,509,000.8
weet bal tle (well 3). m aon Included
rf
Waren Ol Gon 872 |e 23-31 Tuy 1954... in above
‘Fousett & Tuttle (well 8). fiat
Dot
Warren Oil Co. 281
sor gus & Tulle (wal). m0 5,500 -| Coreson | ves... 840000.
“patie © Taito @ inhibitor.
_| scientific O11 & Gas... Towa Park......| Cowherd Bros. Sub- |. 2429 150 | Large TM |. Yes...) Partlal ptng- | None.. No...
Farris vision, 1.500
-| Abia Dimock. I.A. Bcott addition... 21-28 500 |...
P. Harrel
H.& T.C. BR. B. 545 7 1, 008-1, 026 M1, 435 |.
1087-1; 121
H.&T.C. RR. 545 7 2412, 742
H.&T.0.R.R. 545 7 1,062-1, 104
H 15 7 41,121-4,151
3 1, 000-1, 086
19-26 , 000.
i. West wells 125,000.
Fain & Mec nin ». Cisco ower Swastt | 2,220-2, 390 66 | Brine.....] 0.H. May 1957...

Cherokee Co. 8ch..
Lds.

Fain & a Mecata Ree" D
‘Tidewater Associated Oil | K. M. A..... P, Castleman. 2 sgn july 1957. 10,000 Open....| Yes... Highly cor- Corrosion -
Menge o 550 s00 | "800 | ciosea 540, 000 .?
G.T. We st. AL... Kemp W. V. F. L... -| Wolfcamp...-..--..-] 902-1, 032 500 2,250 |.---.do.. - 5
PR West K. M. do... -d 4 884-1,124 1,000 | 193,000 1, 000 Jo. Included
‘Boyd (well. 155,000,
Perkins & Cullum.. Denton Co. School 417 a -| Permian 6322-564 150 |.. 150 150 |--.do..-_| oN.
Chilson (well 17). Lands League 4 (Welfeamp) __.| 420,000.
Perkins & Cullum. AT .| Permian & Cisco....) 934-1, 824 Sand fractured |_. 400 |-.
‘Chilson (well 19). 1,500 Ib.
Migm Petrol Co. Ine.-5--| K Wolfeamp....-.-----| 1 925-1,150 River fractured] June 1956. 1300 | 18 900 | 181,800 174,100 | 173,100 |... Seale pres | | Yes...
ed 146 “Reman (wel sane :
45, 46, 47 and 48).
Geo Graham. K. M. A. Denton Co. School 417 Canyon... 2, 629-2, 639 Hydraulic ‘Yes... None..
Chilson. ‘Lands League 4 trae. 1
Tb, sand.
WILBARGER
COUN G. M. Shanor. North King....| H. & T, C. R. BR... 9 19 1, 630-1, 546 ‘Water ‘frac June 1956.. 1,518 150 Yes... Pump gas |-----d0... No....| 58,500.
Guggisberg. ib sand 1 :
Lido & Luther P. Webb.. Zacawiesta.. H.& T.C. RB. RB. 2 50 | Canyon limestone...| 2, 650-2, 672 1,000 gal. acid-|_. Moderate. Acidize tn Nou...
fan

‘Waggoner.

Ne Yes...| Included

624 |_.....-.--| Closed. Yes...] None..

Phillips Petroleum © Rock Crossing..| H. & T. C. R. R. 4] 43| Ellenburger dolo- | 3, 766-3, 776 5,000 gal. acid.| March 1956... 435 | 2,246 Saly 1967 relnded
‘Weggoner (well 215). mitie limestone. ins
below.
Phillips Petroleum Co.. 4] 46 3, 770-8, 709 5,000 gal. acid.| November 1956. 1,100 January 1957. 1,100 Yes....|-----do... -| 901,312
Ws ‘well 217). : |
Puulige’Petrsioum Co. 4] 2 8, 766-3, 772 5,000 gal. acid.| March 1966... February 1987... Yes...| Rapa deple- |. Included
‘Waggoner (well 229). y. 232
===] 753,183 81
Phillips Petroleum Co. H.& T.0.R. RB... 4 42 Onpyon Ib lurpestone 2, 585-2, 550 5,000 gal. acid.) August 1956. 126 26 | October 1956.. es.
goner ( ‘Yes...| Included
PIGS Potsoeun, Go... B.& 7.0. RR. 4] 42] Bllenburger dolo- | 3, 740-3, 759 3,000 gal. acid.| November 1955....| 124] 2,340] 17816, 816 | December 1956...) 124] 2,655] 504 es...| Included
‘Waggoner (well 243). mitie limestone. 232.
Oltles Service O11 Co.. H.& T.0.R.R. 4 Cf8¢0..------- 1,300-1, 600 60 |...do
aggoner, Yes, .
on H.&T.C.R.R. 4 31 | Cambrian 4, 917-5, 022 105 |...do.......] 0.H. | July 1955... Flow- |. Lime and es_...| 5, 000, 000,
(Hickory). Rapid deple- |... _
H.&T.C.B.B. 4) a1) Canyon limestone 2600 |. 2, 5600 | 1956.. apid
eth).
H.&T.C.R.R. 4 31 | Canyon limestone...} 2, 548-2, 630 76 |. 500 gal. acid..-| December 1954. 2,600 300 300 Yes... Modeiately Corrosion ‘Yes...
H.&T.C.B.R. 5 30 | Wolfeamp.... 740-750 10 |.. Ripped None. - 180 2 840 | July 1957. Yes... Formation None....----] No----| 40,000.
‘Waggoner. when
needed,
No....| 278, 750.
M. Shanor. 81, 247-4, 277 Pert. 750 150 |..---d0.. 750 Yes...| Minor | Corrosion No 750. ,
| 1,144-1, 506 Pert. 480 | 480 | January 1987_..--.| 475 | 475 |...do.....] Yes...| None.. si es.-.| Included
Philips Petroleum Co; 1,608 Pert.
‘aggoner Unit, (wel
Philips Petroleum Co. do. H.&T.0.R.B. 1,608 Pert.
aggoner Unit (well 44).
Cox Drilling Co... 700-772, Pert.
81, 146-1, 267 Pert.
xouNG
COUNTY. Dell Well Oil Co... 1, 282 365-385 OH.
ratson.
Drill Well Oil Co... 1,282 385-385 On.
Cullers.
Dail Well O11 Co... 1,282 365-385 On.
Street & Street 1,284 360-385, OH.
Watson-Colier all 1.
Street & Street 1, 284 360-285 On.
‘Watson- Col i (well 2
_| street & Streets nn 1,284 360-385 On.
Watson. Coll
aison.Oo ier (well 8). 1,284 360-385 OH.
28 596-785 New well.
500-520 Perf.
864 500-520 | Pert.
Gacapbell Grell)
underwood Drie. Co. 1,221 500-520 Perf.
sm, .
Papeta ¢ ou Cisco (Graham)... 500-520 Pert, Open... 586,000.
Ponein ‘Oi Co. 1,492 | Lower Permian 180-200 Perf. 2-0-2. 195,300.
soo (Graben Closed
sire “& Stree Ciseo (Graham)... 500-520 On. -
‘isi and
te Mareiman. szo-304 on. 10 do $9,700,
Tennessee Gas Transmis- ‘A. McMullen. 31 300-530 -| Ripped 140 gal. mud 164 492 480 Now well.
Blaine Devine ‘W. Stoneman. 370-400 0.H. None... 100 144,000.
Spearman, 140,750
1. Be Duvall... Bussey... 500-540 On, 0,700.
Cai |. '
H Parmer & D1 D. BR. Criswell Langston- G.BL&N.. 1, 645-1, 670 Perf. 8). C8) co}
leiner. S — a
_| rabas 1G -| Langston- T.E.& L. Co. .| 1913, | Permian and Ciseo..| 250-350 Pert. No..--| Mipor | Algeede— | Yes
Hgwkins, Barthgiomies, “| “Kleiner, 1914 ging. scale on,
Pace, fend ‘ed
.| Dail Welt Oi W. Sargent. 253 Cisco (Graham)... 20 |--.do. Perf. None. £600,000.
0 (),
Cities Service Oil Co.. ©. Zinn... 1, 565 Strawn. 2% | Brine.....| Perf. Water frac- ).
Davis B. tured 30,
Ib,, sand
31,000 ea.
water. 0
Kleiner, Turner, Fiske and T.E. &L. Co. 1,489 | Permian and Cisco. 38 68-416 .-| Perf. None. 50} 37350 500 500 2,278,329.
‘West? McKinley. 0),
- Kleiner, Turner, Fiske and -do.. sane--| 70-420 Pert. 500 500 ),
t Ht),
- Kier furet, Fiske and Permian ond Cisco 878-397 Perf. 500 500 ).
, iraham). 647,400.
Pemets Olt Cs. =d0.. -| 340-860 Split easing 830 830
Johnson. 216,000.
nL. Young.. Lower Permian 240-300 On. 300 300
ts ‘olfeamp). 216,000.
on Yun Ot 240-300 Of 300 300
it ral 3). 222,000.
on Bohne ce 280-300 on. 200 200 20
Strawn (Buttram)..| 2, 400-2, 480 OH. 200 200 506,567.
-| Blount -..| A. B. & M...... 7| Cisco... _ 800-845 O.H. May 1956... 150 850 | 1,400 1,400 630,000,
3. W. Terrell. -Ao.. 800-845 On. November 1956. 400 400 108,000.
1 Well test only. 2 swabbing. {Input plugging. Operator believes due to sloughing and in ‘git During rainy season water turned soft—normally very hard ¥ Gorrosivity less than 0.1 mil per year.
: Teese 7 a Capacity of aaah past. =e "op of sand veanout possible. © Includes Warren Oil Company, Faussett and Tuttle 2, 3, and 5 x Plus some ofl
{Ripped at three intervals, 3 Swabbing 324 bbl far. & Recommend cement-ined pipe; are using plasticned pipe. vwazer supple, wells 3 Includes wells 229, 243, and 282,
dross thickness. tf , 243,
Normal producing rate, Not started, est. soriueing rat @ Originally ftesh—turned salty. a Tnciided in Fiussett and Tuttle well 3. & Wells abandoned. bol,
+ Flood absindoned. 3 Well abandoned Feb. 1957 imechanfcal aificutties, Gross thickness, Test, 00 g. B Swabbing only, 86 bbl
{Netra dove aineseed gies, a el mgmt me 2g epee
Test ont 37 As seale on formation. sections perf. M w mas perforated.
‘ ate 6 & For wells and 9, # City of Jowa Park used nearby well for water source for 15 yr. pe
ma secon erate 2 Ssapbing oo bol he # Lice peat pl oer. w Grud du tg cuss oer than te wale 2 ines Weg 4 and
ee ated. j sli r , not dev
stegihill Increase by lowering pump or perforating Thomas sand- {Varies dry spel 8. foodkng 7 ft 8 Gat op. Now source, not developed, Sti ct
8 Highly corrosive water. 4 Test onl bbl./ht 1 Top of sand. % Total for 3 water wells on James Lease. Per wll.
¥ Flood started August 5, 1957. 4 Not started 7 Large treatment. 1Ineluded in James well. | (See footnote No. 99) 4 sections Hppeds a ae,
183 sections perf, " 4 Gross thickness. 7 Weil 1, well 2, and Brown Q-3, L-1, and K-1, 2 Limited by pump capacity. 2 Grab teat IY,
xe Pounding, but may be gs lock. ie For Rngbe wells 7 and 2. wae at UW orkine level is dropping 2 Ber wel for 3 wells
7 18 963-925 ft. oniy. :
1t Present rate of withdrawal. © 174000 for Knabe wells 7 and 22. 3 Plus gas for lease 000 bia. during rought and 15,000 bbL/d. during normal 2 Test Only cated
39 Per well. 48 Test only. 4 sections per! 3 Ggections .
i 4 sect {. 1 Test only. est onl
prillstem test recovered 400 ft. water, Flowing pressure 20 “ Poot of ce eh state level at this producing rate, a sections perforated: Sse tions pert fins stam and West withdranrals el Ef Yor cades Kline, Trnt, ke & West; Seat
i Ong return water only. 41 Small amount HS. B Includes Rolier well 4 below. Includes Boyd well & Davis wells below.
# Top. 7 ns perforal S
arrears acets EEE asaing ELEMIS @ toe. i Re Win sea Bap wet. 2 anon
ed. # Includes Lynn well 2. mp capac 2 ,
Seer tig, siamo 1 ERIS suy, wel hatin, Dono md wt. SSCS Eo mappa open nC. SNS aE
nt dows \ # When perforate . 5 3 secti ted. u 9 80 ft.
gsecions perforated.” Grose tiekness.” oe *Topof pay. 18 On wells 44 and 4, no sustained response,

. pay.
38 Swab test. ¥ 4 sections perforated. © Recent completion. 18 All wells have approx. the same characteristics.




in

Ni

13

SEME FEET
cess: [So Ess” overt”
A 8 c Do i F
Callum Grates fain OMscohe Aga Gilca congiated O1|Go. LT Burns_ RC Undermasd
an Key No FA Porkay No. re Wolfe Nel . Poce Not Andrews Nol . Threet No!
re ee eh wae 969 ciuse ehioar_
8% 100 F j 100
aso IS se0_tver i.
100 100
3k 7 : 200
S00 =| 0
28 00 4 400
3] s00 4 300
wo £3 1

Note

Depthe in parentheses not
corrected for elevation

Fraure 8.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham

Group, Aquifer (650-1,740 Feet) in Southern Archer County.


50

ay
' g H
1
: So
A B Cc DO
wo oe
BB 500 78) 500
#
ee ~
ES 300 fie28) 300
gs
28 200 200
-
do
TI a

‘No horizontal scole

Ficure 47.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Lower Cisco Series
Aquifer (800-1,525 Feet) in Northern Young County.


57

TaBLe 3.—Averages of salient data relative to water-supply wells in North Texas by formation

Effective Static Producing Estimated
Formation and county Depth, feet | thickness, | fluid level, | rate, barrels | capacity,
feet feet per day | barrels per
day
Gravel beds:
Total (for 3 counties):
Number of wells - 23 23 19 10
Range... - 23-34 3-16 8-22 375-2, 500
Average 27 6 15 1, 580
Trinity:
‘ooke:
Number of wells. - 10 7 6 10 5
Range... 375-605 10-68 | 50-218 | 43-1000 | 180-2, 000
Average - 475 33 112 327 , 480
Shallow formations (Wolfcamp and Cisco
Archer:
18 18 1 18
595-1, 601 15-80 | 50-900 | 100-3, 250
1, 282 41 391 775
17 17 7 17
553-1, 638 7-75 100-500 150-750
737 33 264 335
9 9 6 9 1
140-1, 200 | 30-105 40-60 125-450 |_..--.-.--.-
Average 347 51 43 237 175
Montague:
Number of wells. - 8 8 1 8
- 110-341 20-60 25 60-835
- 167 39 25 306
- 27 27 14 27 14
-| 800-2, 275 8-93 | 200-600 | 150-1, 100] 412-3, 000
- » 264 43 387 484 1, 039
- 9 9 4 9 6
-| 742-1, 538 10-88 | 180-200 | 60-1, 000 | 150-1, 000
. 1, 221 36 195 458 675
- 32 32 16 32 14
- 245-823 | 20-121 | 50-275 | 125-1, 400 | 125-2, 300
- 415 43 103 408 882
- 124 117 61 54
-| 110-2, 275 7-121 25-900 60-3, 250 125-3, 000
- 776 41 201 864
Canyon:
Total (for 7 counties) :
Number of wells. - 18 18 11 18 7
Range... -| 480-2,899 | 10-200] 75-600 | 234-7,000 | 300-9, 000
Average 2, 253 91 269 1, 562 4, 190
Strawn:
Total (for 8 counties):
Number of wells. - 18 18 7
-|1, 500-4, 860 | 20-200 | 100-600
- 2, 954 71 314

SURFACE WATER

The present use of surface water is limited to
one fresh water, spring-fed slough, and to one
irrigation canal, both in western Wichita
County. Southern Wichita County is criss-
crossed with a network of irrigation canals.
This water, while expensive, can be used
locally, but like water from streams and lakes,
it has the disadvantage of large seasonal
fluctuations and possible curtailment. The

area is not provided with enough readily
available surface water to merit detailed study.

QUALITY OF WATER

Basic water-quality research involving partial
analyses of some oilfield waters of north-central
Texas was done by Barnes in 1930."*

6 Barnes, Virgil E., Earth Temperatures and Oil-Field Waters of
North-Central Texas:’‘Texas Mineral Resources, Univ. Tex. Bull. 4301,
Jan. 1, 1943, pp. 313-387.


30

7 7 7 "oe a 20550, “40900 ~ - 7 ~ 7 _
TEALE: FEET
2s'on Joy ro so ro FAQs rofll}co:on gsuprcy
ees8 [30° se eo Mller vec
A B Cc
Str Olt congory_Pntande rogcng yen ot oe
Weta aS Rates co
coe are
tee suzos truss’ e109" 209
£300 300
gz 400
| so en
v7)
8 600 788 00
B 100 on 100
= 800 200
200 200
spo0 | i p00
[ Webel eae |

Fraure 26.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(1,220-2,418 Feet) in Southern Jack County.


31

20900
“SCALE: FEET
les'on []ITI}es't0 []s0!
tess [Hil\’so" M
E
rs Bron 0 Gpwatan. Sand of Taos Trenton ong co, 16.0. Mid-Continent Petro. Corp
Dearing Net” Gonen-Buctono> tat NaH’ Banka Jakes Wat ngney Nore MeNeely Nol

ior het

1300 1300
5 yoo 2568) 'g00
ge es 1500
3 09 F a 1p00
8 (700 F Ca lerszy \700
& poo 1p00
8 00 ‘pe0
& p00 p00

2300 2}00

No horizontal scole

Figure 27.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(2,340-3,630 Feet) in Northern Jack County.


46
YOUNG COUNTY

Three Cisco sandstone aquifers, one Canyon
sandstone aquifer, and one Strawn sandstone
aquifer are mapped for Young County, Tex.
The Cisco aquifers have progressively greater
average yields with increasing depth and are
suitable for small floods. The Canyon and
Strawn aquifers are suitable for larger floods.

Figures 43 and 44 show an upper Cisco
aquifer of vast areal extent for the northern
and southwestern parts of the county. Thick-
ness ranges from a featheredge to 130 feet,
and depth ranges from 180 to 1,165 feet.
This aquifer yields up to 500 barrels per day
to the best of 15 wells in the Markley (index
Nos. 1 and 5), Farmer (index No. 3), and
Langston-Kleiner (index No. 6) areas.

Another Cisco aquifer of vast extent is shown
in figures 45 and 46 for the northern and south-
western parts of the county. Thickness ranges
from a featheredge to 115 feet, and depth
ranges from 298 to 1,470 feet. This aquifer
yields up to 700 barrels per day to the best of
six wells in the Campbell (index No. 2),
Farmer (index No. 3), and Markley (index
No. 5) areas.

A lower Cisco series aquifer (figs. 47 and 48)
is of vast extent for the northern and south-
western parts of the county. Thickness ranges

from a featheredge to 110 feet, and depth
ranges from 225 to 1,525 feet.
aquifer is not in use.

A Canyon series aquifer of vast areal extent

This sandstone

J
Youne COUNTY

Roy Lee Trustee
Bare Nat
ELLI65"

ELEVATIONS ABOVE SEA LEVEL,FEET
8 8

Robert C. Devi
Beldwin-Lovett No
EL, 168"

ofl seek ofyeeee
wore’ Ofvere
e
GE. Kodo @ Sore
CE Latent Hol
1.1098

EL,t2u"

(270)

oN B00

ame) 4 00
a 600

corrected for elevations 500

| 300

No horizontal seole

Ficure 43.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Upper Cisco Series
Aquifer (200-1,165 Feet) in Northern Young County.


19

SCALE: FEET
10" oR 1o'To [2st Z 50'OR @ SUPPLY
Less 25 50° W wore ° WELL
A c 1?)
Bridwel!.Oil Co. Continental Oil Co. Bay Petroleum Co. Phillips Petroleum Co.
River Ranch No.2 Ross No.7 Thompson No! Bryed No!
e992 1.913" E1952" £1883"

100 100
{200 200
ir}

“300 300
g 20)

2 400 . (12 400
= (1,460)

§ 500 500
0 (1,520),

2 600 ——- 600
8

a Nore:

@ 700 Depths in parentheses not 700
= corrected for elevations.

E x00 corrected for elevatioy 200
&

° 900

Figure 14.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series, Graham
Group, Aquifer (1,285-1,680 Feet) in Central Clay County.

depth ranges from 925 to 1,390 feet.
aquifer is not in use.

Figure 17 illustrates a Canyon aquifer of very
limited extent in the southeast part of the
county. Thickness ranges from a featheredge
to 150 feet, averaging about 45 feet, and depth
ranges from 1,014 to 1,500-feet. The aquifer
is not in use.

A Strawn aquifer of moderate extent is shown
in figure 18 for the southwest part of the county.
Thickness ranges from 10 feet to more than 100

This

591752 O—61-—-4

feet and averages about 65 feet. Depth ranges
from 2,600 to 3,722 feet. This aquifer
tested 1,800 barrels per day from 60 feet of net
sand in the Bluegrove (index No. 7) area.
Figure 19 illustrates a deeper Strawn aquifer
of moderate areal extent in the central part of
the county. Thickness ranges from 10 to more
than 200 feet and averages about 75 feet. The
depth range is from 3,528 to 4,952 feet.
Although it has not been tested, this aquifer
would probably be a prolific source of water.


49

° 20,000 40,000
SCALE: FEET
lo' oR lo To [ as rHYYyso" rool 75' OR
(Ese Mlle 50! Z 75° | ore
A 8 Cc Dd
Cabot Carbon Co. Warren Oil Corp. Ada Oil Co. Ronkin 8 Pitcock
@ Ben Rankin
RT.Wells Nol Graham Estate No.! McKinney No.1 EM. Stork Not
El, 1185" El. 179" E1243 EL. 1.223!
+ Ip00 {00
my
7]
“900 00
a (395
2 800 800
4
700 700
Pr
8
¥ 600 ts 600
2 s00 E (700) Depths in porentheses not | 500
z corrected for elevations. i
Sg 400 400
g
% 300 300
4
a
200 | | 200

No horizontal scole

Ficure 46.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer
(298-920 Feet) in Southwestern Young County.


58

Considerable effort was made to evaluate the
quality of water from most of the wells now
being used as water-supply wells. Generally,
the results of analyses indicate that water
available in the area is troublefree. An
exception may be the Mississippian and Ellen-
burger waters, which have fairly high hydrogen
sulfide (HS) contents.'? However, both of
these waters are being used successfully.
Another possible exception is the use of gravel-
bed water, which seems to be corrosive. Some
operators using this water are troubled by
corrosion caused by dissolved oxygen. None
using an inert or natural gas blanket on the
supply-well casing reports oxygen.

Basically, the philosophy of the engineers
using such waters in this area can be summed
up as follows: If these waters have flowed freely
from an aquifer, they can be injected into
another, provided that too much alteration
does not take place above ground.

The major operational trouble is usually
corrosion of plant and well equipment and field
lines. Calcium carbonate deposited on the
formation face has hampered some flooding
operations.

Chemical treatment of injected water is
limited mainly to the use of corrosion inhibitors.
A few operators, however, are using sequestering
agents, bactericides, or algaecides.

CHEMICAL ANALYSES OF WATER

Chemical analyses of unstable constituents
were made at the wellheads by Bureau of
Mines chemists, using portable analytical
equipment. In addition, analyses of the major
water-soluble constituents were made at the
Bureau of Mines Petroleum Research Center,
Bartlesville, Okla. Results of both analyses
and of related physical measurements are
reported in table 1.

Two of the nine wells analyzed do not
correspond to the names given in table 4. At
the time the data for table 4 were collected,
Shell Oil Co. Coleman G-3 was considered an
oil well with large amounts of produced water.
It was the only one of several Mississippian
wells suitable for analysis at the time analyzing
equipment and personnel were available. Shell
Oil Co. K. M. A. unit 92 is 1 of 14 wells devel-
oped shortly after the data in table 4 were
collected. While admittedly more saline than
most, it represents those wells utilizing the
latest mechanical techniques designed to remove
troubles encountered by some of the operators
using these beds.

The principal discussion of individual con-

¥ Sellards, E. H., Adkins, W. S.,and Plummer, F. B., ‘The Geology
of Texas, vol. 1, Stratigraphy: Univ. Tex. Bull. 3243, Aur, 22,1992,
Pp. 70-98,

stituents is limited to free carbon dioxide,
hydrogen sulfide, total and dissolved iron, and
barium. A brief discussion of hydrogen-ion
concentration, alkalinity, and acidity also is
given.

High concentrations of dissolved minerals or
gases do not prohibit the use of water for injec-
tion, as acceptable techniques are available to
eliminate most undersirable quantities. Un-
stable constituents are appreciably modified in
any handling of the water.

The analyses indicate that oxygen is not
present in any underground source, and prob-
ably is present in some water from alluvial beds
only because of improper producing practices.
An excessive amount of carbon dioxide in the
water may cause corrosion. When carbon
dioxide is released from a supersaturated solu-
tion, normal carbonates of calcium and magne-
sium may be precipitated as scale. Hydrogen
sulfide is considered a very corrosive gas because
of its great reducing powers. Iron compounds
may result from action of the source water on
the conducting pipe or from dissolution of iron
in the source formation. The hvydrogen-ion
concentration (logarithm of the reciprocal of
the hydrogen ion concentration) may be one
index of the corrosiveness of the water. The
hydrogen-ion concentration is directly related
to the dissolved acidic gases, carbonates,
bicarbonates, hydroxides, borates, silicates, and
phosphates present.'® The degree of alkalinity
or acidity of a sample is directly related to its
corrosive properties and to the possibility of
precipitation of mineral salts.

In the samples analyzed, alkalinity probably
was caused principally by bicarbonates. When
the samples are transported to the laboratory,
free carbon dioxide is usually released because
of decreased pressure, thus causing an increase
in hydrogen-ion concentration; however, in
some cases the bicarbonates convert to calcium
and magnesium carbonates, which precipitate
out, causing the hydrogen-ion concentration to
decrease. Moreover, laboratory observations
with synthetic brines have shown that when
relatively large amounts of free carbon dioxide
are present, they convert to bicarbonates, thus
increasing the bicarbonate content and the
hydrogen-ion concentration. Because of hy-
drolysis, the hydrogen-ion concentration ob-
tained in the laboratory may not be the same
as that determined at the time a sample is
taken, and therefore, a value more repre-
sentative of the hydrogen-ion concentration of
the well is obtained at the sampling source.

1s Watkins, J. Wade, Willet, F. R., Jr., and Arthur, Charles E.,
Conditioning of Water’ for Secondary-Recdvery in Midcontinent Oit
Fields: Bureau of Mines Rept. of Investigations 4930, 1952, 86 pp.

Watkins, J. W., Analytical Methods of Testing Waters To Be

Injected Into Subsurface Oil-Productive Strata: Bureau of Mines
Rept. of Investigations 5031, 1954, 29 pp.



This publication has been cataloged as follows:

Parrish, Frank

Subsurface saline water sources for waterflooding in
North Texas, by Frank Parrish, Jr., and Thomas M. Gar-
land. ;Washington, U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of
Mines ,1961, :

vy, 59 p. illus. maps, tables. 27 cm. (U.S. Bureau of Mines.
Report of investigations, 5800)

Based on work done in cooperation with the North Texas Oil
and Gas Association.

1. Petroleum engineering. 2. Oil field flooding. I. Garland, Thomas
M., joint author. II. Title. III. Title: Saline water sources for
waterflooding. IV. Title: Waterflooding, Saline water sources in
North Texas. (Series)

TN23.U7 no. 5800 622.06173
U.S. Dept. of the Int. Library



38

o> ==



36

jr

L

IMONTAGUE CO.

° 20,000 40,000

SCALE: FEET
50' OR 50'TO 100 OR
LESS 100" MORE
A B €
C.J. Simpson G.B. Butterfield Aries Oil Co.
Durham No.| Brumbaugh No.1 Husband Noll
EL 1069 E1136" EI. L192"
100 100
fj 200 200
a (1,440) :
g 300 Lt —(h530)% || 300
uw 400 q 400
é
uw 500 500
3 600 600
g |
cs NOTE :
z 700 Depths in parentheses 700
not corrected for
tj = 800 elevations. 800
r=)

900 |} 900
‘No horizontal scale

Figure 32.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(1,250-1,830 Feet) in East-Central Montague County.


59

CONCLUSION

Saline water is available from many forma-
tions throughout the area studied in north
Texas. The most prolific and therefore most
commonly used sources are the Cambrian,
Pennsylvanian, and Permian sandstones.
These aquifers have been mapped and were
discussed by counties.

Fresh water for flooding in large quantity is
obtainable locally from the alluvial beds in
present or ancient stream valleys. Fresh
ground water, usually adequate for water-
flooding projects, is obtained near the outcrop
from Cretaceous and from some Pennsylvanian
sandstones. Water mineralization in both of
these sandstones increases with depth. The
Gunsight sand (Pennsylvanian period) crops
out and is saturated with fresh surface water in
east-central Young County, Tex. Seven or
eight miles north, this same bed of marine
origin carries fresh water to a depth of 300 feet.
This sand is oil-productive in various areas,
some of which are near the water-supply wells.
Water produced with the oil from this depth is

unusual in that it is very potable. However, at
a depth of 500 or more feet, the water is salty.
Hydrodynamic conditions are indicated by
the observation of logs of wells drilled over a
period of 20 years. As indicated by resistivity
determinations, the salinity of water in the
Gunsight zone is changing. Logs of wells
drilled in the northeastern part of Young
County often show a marked decrease in salinity
when compared with logs of wells drilled only
50 feet away 10 to 15 yearsearlier. The reverse
is rarely true. Whether great volumetric with-
drawals of water and oil from this formation
farther north are contributing to the fresh
ground water ingress, or whether the movement
is primarily the result of unusual geothermal
conditions,” or of some other phenomenon, has
not been investigated. Bottom hole tempera-
tures in shallow wells are anomalous. Temper-
ature changes produce ground water density
changes, which give rise to water movements.
Zz Hubbers, M. King, Entrapment of Petroleum Under Lydrody-

namic Conditions: Am. Assoc. Petrol. Geol. Bull., vol.
Pp. 1954-2026.

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:1961 O—591752


ene Eo Sine neo aunt{urure eo mnrvtonuny neo _nvek-{oruiy
WICH Rp males wiewira [rewire
o
cLay 7 cay cuay ‘i
D %
1 cay
ancner montacue anenen monTacue antnen wonracua aca son | MonTAgue
eciona
Ne
JACK wage
YOUNG youns sack YOUNG
3-8 ELLENBURGER 3-8 SIMPSON @ VIOLA 3-€ MISSISSIPPIAN 3-0 STRAWN
RED RivER{uPLiFT RED RIVER(UPLIFT iy
WICkITA wienita Kos GY wicniTa
Ys
cay
ARCHER,
ARCHER, [MONTAGUE MONTAGUE ARCHER
A
So?
Uy yy
yack
voune OUNG AKER voune youNnG
3-E CANYON SERIES 3-F CISCO SERIES 3-6 PERMIAN FORMATIONS 3-H CRETACEOUS FORMATIONS
Leseno:

COVERED WITH OVERBURDEN

AREA OF OUTCROP

Ficure 3.—Areal Extent and Outcrop of Stratigraphic Units in Six North Texas Counties.


48

He

ma

SCALE: FEET

of Jes 10 70 v0] 75 1g suet
2° ee ZZ] ell 0° © Feet
a B D E
RC.Liptcomd 0 Dolnge Roy Lae Tronte ‘one=Ter Drilling Go Men oritng Co
5 iW ent Vverey net inte Nor Ow ing Ne
Ete cL uo ei 1228 eure 61 99" 100
Z ‘eee
2 s00 «e201 600
§ 500 300
¥ 400
3 400
< 300 300
z ’ nove:
é Depths in porentneses not
g 20 Corrected for elevations. 200
100 Fac ' 100
° S00 tert 5
100

100 |
f No horizontal scale

Frovre 45.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer
(438-1,470 Feet) in Northern Young County.


54

eETTLETT

Fiaure 51.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer
(2,495-3,500 Feet) in Northern Young County.


HARDEMAN

Ht

L 1

Ncyig wieancer | a
ETS ci
Poe os

ts 1 6 |

— \
KNOX '  paycon | aRcHER | \ GRAYSON
| | ; foot . ONG ‘8 ‘
Hl a | ~ \ —A-—t
cecen: {| | \
Young | sack jwise j 2 DENTON
A axis RED RIVER UPLIFT | |
8 =» MUENSTER UPLIFT I | XY
D FORT WORTH BASIN o
— —»_ MARIETTA~SHERMAN BASIN
F »-HAROEMAN BASIN 0.510 20 30
6» BENJAMIN BASIN
SCALE! MILES

Fraure 4.—Tectonic Features of North Texas Area.

(Prepared from map furnished by courtesy of

H. H. Bradfield, Am. Assoc. Petrol. geologists.)

preserved as a wedge, thinning northwestward
from Wise County, Tex., into Wichita County,
Tex. (See fig. 3-B.) No water-supply wells
have been completed in these rocks, and map-
ping was not attempted as very few wells have
been drilled through the formations.

SILURIAN AND DEVONIAN SYSTEMS

Silurian and Devonian rocks probably are
absent throughout the area.®

MISSISSIPPIAN SYSTEM

Mississippian rocks are present over most of
the southern part of the area (fig. 3-C) as
Chappel limestone or as Barnett shale. While
Chappel limestone water is in use in Archer and
Clay counties, Tex., the formation is too deeply
buried (5,000 feet or deeper) to be considered
an important waterflood source except where
the water is produced with oil. Depth, together
with inadequate logged-well density, prevented
mapping of the Mississippian aquifers.

{ Sellards, E: UL Adkins, W. 8, and Plummer, F. Bs The Geology of
‘Texas, vol. i, Stratigraphy: Univ. ‘Tex. Bull. 3232, Aug. 23, 1932, pp. 84

PENNSYLVANIAN SYSTEM

Pennsylvanian rocks, consisting of shale,
limestone, and sandstone, include the Bend,
Strawn, Canyon, and Cisco series. The rocks,
which occur throughout the area (figs. 3-D,
3-E, and 3-F), yield approximately 40 percent
of the makeup water now used for flooding.
They are overlain by Permian deposits and
alluvium in most places (fig. 3-G) but by the
Cretaceous formations in eastern Montague
County, Tex. (fig. 3-H).

The Bend series is not a source of water in
the area.

The Strawn series is present throughout the
area, except for a small part of northern
Wichita County, Tex. This series does not
crop out in the area studied.

The Canyon series is present throughout the
area, except for the southeastern part of Jack
County, Tex.

The Cisco series, or its outcrop, is present
over most of the area, except the southeastern
parts of Jack, Montague, and Young counties,

‘ex.


SUBSURFACE SALINE WATER SOURCES
FOR WATERFLOODING IN NORTH TEXAS

By Frank Parrish, Jr., and Thomas M. Garland

* * # * & *& «* «© «* «  « report of investigations 5800

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
Stewart L. Udall, Secretary

BUREAU OF MINES
Marling J. Ankeny, Director

The work upon which this report is based was done under a cooperative agreement between the
Bureau of Mines, U.S. Department of the Interior, and the North Texas Oil and Gas Association.


29

QEPTH BELOW SEA LEVEL, FEET

Ossie fen res oe
Chas wore © wei

E
reve BU Co. e-ConthanPoetnm Co. Canal Ol Co Comtinante! O11 Ce

myers at compeey Not Mose Net orden Net
oo euioz EL. uoe eusar BUA oo
200 ‘200
300 2230) ‘p00
1900 1aoo
(300 2 p00
100 p00
700 z2es5)-4 yoo
goo B70) poo
900 | | 1p00

Na orzo ale

Fiaure 25.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Strawn Series Aquifer

(1,650-3,095 Feet) in Northern Jack County.


CLAY COUNTY

One Permian conglomerate aquifer, four
Cisco sandstone aquifers, one Canyon sand-
stone aquifer, and three Strawn sandstone
aquifers are mapped for Clay County, Tex.
The county is characterized by a relative
abundance of deep and shallow saline water
sources. The most prolific wells now in use are

in the unmapped Chappel limestone, but the
Permian aquifers, where present, are excellent
sources. The more deeply buried Strawn series

17

sandstones are apt to yield large amounts of
water.

A Permian period aquifer of moderate areal
extent in the northern part of the county is
shown in figure 12. Thickness ranges from
zero to 125 feet, and depth ranges from 600 to 805
feet. This conglomeratic aquifer has 17 wells
in the Thornberry (index Nos. 1, 2, and 3)
area, and has yielded up to 1,500 barrels per
day to the best of these wells.

Figure 13 illustrates a Cisco series aquifer of
limited areal extent in the northern part of

rec
SAC
TIT

j25'OR 25'TO 50'TO Z 75'TO 100°'OR | SUPPLY
mes {a 50° 78 TZ 100 more 9 WELL
A B Cc 0
The Texas Company R.M. Johnson RBRoss Ted Norwood
‘Soner No.4 ToylorEstoteNo1 Householder No3-A Moser No.

" 1.963" E1958" €1.937"
+ 700 E | =! 700
8 4
© 600 £ “| 600
d
> 500 500
3 tse" (500),
Fy 400 p70) HBAS It 05 3 400
w 300 ws — 300
i E
@ 200 NOTE: 4 200
g 100 Depths in parentheses not 4 100
g corrected for elevations j
caer Sea level | A °
“
a No horizontal scale ———

Figure 12.—Isopachous Illustration Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Permian Period Aquifer
(600-805 Feet) in Northern Clay County.




4l

39. Thickness ranges from a featheredge to a featheredge to 110 feet, and depth ranges
70 feet, and depth ranges from 1,750 to 2,220 from 2,145 to 2,350 feet. This sandstone
feet. This sandstone aquifer is not in use. aquifer yields 780 barrels per day to one well
_ Figure 40 illustrates a Canyon aquifer of in the Airport (index No. 17) area.

limited areal extent in the southeastern part Figure 42 shows another Permian period

of the county. Thickness ranges from a A fave
feather edge to 160 feet, and depth ranges from aquifer of limited areal extent for the west-

2,620 to 2,890 feet. This sandstone aquifer is central part of the county. Thickness ranges
not in use but appears to be an excellent source. from a featheredge to 70 feet, and depth ranges
A Cisco aquifer of limited areal extent is from 990 to 1,400 feet. This sandstone aquifer

shown by figure 41 for a part of southeastern _vields 450 barrels per day to one well in the
Wichita County, Tex. Thickness ranges from _ Electra (index No. 1) area.

-—-—J
WICHITA COUNTY

<a

SS Pmt mie LZD)
See ff

¢ 20,900 “40,900
SCALE’ FEET
j25' OR esr 'S' OR @ SUPPLY
LESS so UL ORE ~ WELL
A 8 c D E F
Mw.Biole ‘Akin 8 Dimoek Bell Oil 8 Gos Co. Mognolo Petroleum Co. Magnalio Petroleum Co. Fortex Oil Co.
Arnold Nal Obenhous No.Fa Helserman No! Riley No.I79 ‘Hardin Teust No! Bailey Not
wh 400 Lee E1100" EL WSs! E1.,070" 1.1058) ELLOS 409
3u
rs
<> 300 J 300
ae loae) (842) (800')
o3 oe ——¢
ge 200 2 fesen [| 4 200
as
00 100
ag i088) t
° | Sea level SPY \ °

5 p= 5} f
Ze 100 100
BZ 200 ( note: 200
3 Depths in porentheses not
ES x00 corrected for elevations 300
ag =

% 400 \" 400

No herizontol scale

Figure 37.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Permian Period
Aquifer (720-1,400 Feet) in Northern Wichita County.


JACK COUNTY

Two Canyon sandstone aquifers and two
Strawn sandstone aquifers were mapped in
Jack County, Tex. Vields up to 500 barrels
per day are obtained from very shallow (un-
mapped) Cisco aquifers in the northwest part
of the county. Over most of the county, the
more deeply buried Strawn aquifers are capable
of producing up to 1,600 barrels per day.

A Canyon aquifer of large areal extent is
shown in figures 21 and 22 to cover most of the
county. Thickness ranges from a featheredge
to 90 feet and averages about 35 feet. Depth
range is from 247 to 1,300 feet.

This sandstone

25

aquifer yielded up to 350 barrels per day to
each of two wells in the Bryson (index No. 9)
area.

Figures 23 and 24 illustrate another large
Canyon aquifer. Thickness ranges from a
featheredge to more than 100 feet, and depth
ranges from 490 to 2,017 feet. This sandstone
aquifer, although not now in use, appears a likely
source of water for floods of moderate require-
ments.

Figures 25 and 26 show a Strawn aquifer of
large areal extent. Thickness ranges from a
featheredge to 120 feet and averages about
45 feet. The depth ranges from 1,220 to 3,095
feet. The yield is up to 1,600 barrels per day

o

SCALE FEET

2 on [~~ ]28' 10 [7 ]s.0'7
tess |» |‘so" 75

8
Ew Moran rig co Perkins @ Cullum
Voyles Not Rogers Nat
EL.1010 e123!

ELEVATION ABOVE
‘SEA LEVEL, FEET

Fein 8 MeGaho W.T Waggoner Est
Migatedcooks Ext Not Givers Not
EL99r E1.yos"

(675)

|

DEPTH BELOW
SEA LEVEL, FEET

Note:
Depths in parentheses not
Corrected for elevations,

tm

No neritontol scole
1

Ficure 21.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series Aquifer
(518-1,300 Feet) in Northern Jack County.


34

central parts of the county. Thickness ranges
from 10 to 95 feet, and depth ranges from 790
to 1,630 feet. This aquifer is not in use, but it
appears to be suitable for moderate-sized flood
requirements.

Figures 31 and 32 illustrate a deeper Canyon
aquifer of large extent in the northern and
central parts of the county. Thickness ranges
from 10 to 150 feet, and depth ranges from 1,210
to 2,110 feet. It is not in use.

A Canyon aquifer of moderate extent is in
the southwestern part of the county (fig. 33).

The thickness range is from 10 to 170 feet,
averaging about 55 feet and the depth range is
from 875 to 1,940 feet. This sandstone aquifer
yields up to 1,200 barrels per day to one well in
the Anson (index No. 3) area.

A Strawn aquifer of great extent is shown in
figures 34 and 35 for most of the county. The
thickness range is from 20 to 275 feet, and the
depth range is from 2,690 to 4,530 feet. This
sandstone aquifer yields up to 1,950 barrels per
day to one well in the Hildreth (index No. 2)
area.

20,000
SCALE : FEET

25° OR ea 28' To
Less

A B
A.R.Dillord Miomi Operating Co.
Wolker Noi Van Vacter Nat

EL 926" E1044"

ELEVATION ABOVE
SEA LEVEL, FEET

[2° Zatose

c Do

Cv. Simpson P-M Drilling Co.
Durham Not Wilson Estote No!
EL. 20"

EI, 1,069"

DEPTH BELOW
SEA LEVEL, FEET

was | | |

200 | 200
(940) 100

100 ee 90%)

° Seo level {vo70) °
100 ; 100
(70 es
200 200
300 NoTE: 300

Depths in parentheses not
400 corrected for elevations 400
500 ls 5 4 s00

No horizontal scale 4

Figure 30.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs Canyon Series Aquifer
(790-1,370 Feet) in Central Montague County.


Area
‘Shown

CLAY COUNTY 1

Qty
4 Ain

20,000 40,000

hn
Uy

"ALE: FEET

SAND Wo'oR []PIo'T0 [WW Y25't0 YY p50' to 75'TO @ SUPPLY

MISSING} Less || 25° \\ 50° Yi 75 too © weit

A B c

$.D. Johnson Fain & McGoha Brown Drilling Co.
Gragg No.1 Fulghman No.2 ‘Sporkman Nol
800 £11,068" £1.1,023' EL 103" 200

5 (370)
“700 700
g@ 600 600
a
+ 500 500
a
® 400 ‘ 400
w
3 300
@ 300 (820)
% 200 200
g —— (203)
> 100 NOTE: 100
a Depths in porentheses not
a

° corrected for elevations. °
No horizontal scale

Freure 15.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer
(370-1,102 Feet) in Southern Clay County.

A Strawn aquifer (probably an extension of part of the county. Thickness ranges from 10
that illustrated in figure 19) of moderate areal _ to 100 feet or more. Depth ranges from 3,185
extent is shown in feure 20 for the southern _to 4,040 feet. This aquifer is not in use.


Period

Series

Group

Formations and Important Members

CRETACEOUS

TRINITY

* Trinity sandstones

PERMIAN

WOLFCAMP

Coleman Junction limestone
Dothan limestone
Tannehill sandstone
Stockwether limestone
Saddle Creek limestone

* Bluff Creek sandstone
Waldrip limestone
Cook sandstone

PENNSYLVAN-
IAN

cIsco
(VIRGIL)

THRIFTY

Crystal Falls limestone

GRAHAM

*

Dalmar or Dyson sandstone

Breckenridge limestone

Thomas sandstone

Megargel sandstone

Gunsight limestone

Swastika sandstone

Larrimore (Ward?) sandstone

Bunger or Noble limestone

Salem School limestone| * Landreth Reef

ee KOK OK

CANYON
(Missouri)

CADDO CK

Home Creek limestone (of Wilbarger Co.)

WHITT

Ranger limestone
Palo Pinto limestone
Dog Bend limestone

STRAWN

LONE CAMP

Village Bend limestone

MILSAP

Weir sandstone
* Buttram sandstone
* Brazos River sandstone or conglomerate
Manning-Harrington sandstone
Bryson sandstone
Brannon Bridge sandstone

LOWER
STRAWN

Park shale
* Caddo limestone

BEND
(ATOKA)

Lake sandstone
Smithwick shale
McClesky sandstone
Marble Falls limestone

MISSISSIP-
PIAN

Barnett shale
* Chappel limestone

ORDOVICIAN

Viola limestone
Simpson limestone
Joins limestone
* Ellenburger or Arbuckle limestone and
dolomitic limestone

CAMBRIAN

* Hickory or Reagan sandstone

(*Supply well completed in member)

Ficure 2.—Geologic Column of Formations in Use in Supply Wells in North Texas.



56

SUPPLY WELLS AND WATER IN USE

In the North Texas area, the principal sources
of water for flooding are subsurface formations,
which include some shallow alluvial beds near
rivers. Data pertaining to water sources for
196 waterflood projects were obtained for this
study. Of these projects, two were using sur-
face water, 45 were using produced water, and
149 were using water from 217 supply wells.
In some floods, water from supply wells was
supplemented by produced water. Produced
water, as used in this report, refers to water
produced with oil from either the zone being
flooded or other oil-productive zones.

WATER SUPPLY WELLS

Table 2 gives the number of water wells
completed in each formation by counties.
Wolfcamp formations of Permian age and Cisco
formations of Pennsylvanian age are grouped as
one source and referred to as shallow formations.
This was necessary because of difficulty in
separating the two series; in addition, many
wells are completed in both the Wolfeamp and
Cisco formations. Sixty percent of the 217
water wells are completed in formations of the
Wolfcamp and Cisco series.

The approximate geographic locations of the
water-supply wells are shown on the map in
figure 1. Data from 210 TM water-supply wells,
with index numbers corresponding to county
map numbers, are given in table 4. Informa-
tion presented in table 4 was obtained from oil
companies operating flood projects, or was
estimated from information supplied by the
companies.

Averages of data pertinent to 172 * supply
wells are given in table 3. The average depth,
thickness, static fluid level, producing rate, and
estimated capacity were determined for wells
producing from gravel beds, Trinity, shallow
formations (Wolfcamp and Cisco), and Canyon
and Strawn formations where enough data were
available.

Total water production from the 217 wells
supplying water for 149 waterfloods was 172,357
barrels per day in May 1958. This is an aver-
age of 798 barrels per day per well.

4 Data pertaining to seven supply wells in five flood projects were not
released by operators and could not be included.

5 Because of the limited number of wells completed in some formations,
county averages could not be determined for ail formations.

TaBLe 2.—Number of water-supply wells completed in each formation by counties

| 8 g 8
Formation 5 2/8\ 8/2 2 35 2) ?le|.
e|/2/3|)e/2e|2]4|8|£8)2/2)2) 2
4/O0;o}/a);/o/n|]8] 24 ]e B,el ala
Gravel beds 3 19 23
Trinity -__- . 1
Shallow formations (Wolfcamp
‘and Cisco) 1s | 17 125
2 19
1 18
4 4
1 17
28 | 18 | 2} 11] 15/710) 9|+56| 18] 35] 217

1 Data not released for some wells.


42

° 20,900 40.900
SCALE’ FEET
jes’ oR j25' to [ }s0'T0 g supPLY
Less 50! 7s! O weit
A B Cc Dd E
MM Blair Akin 8 Dimock Frank Wood JRFronkel Frank Wood
ge Arnold Nal Obenhaus Nola Kosper Nol Weight No2 Mills No.2-8
ag
eg 100 100
2 Seo level
az oo °
oe
too o 100
4270
a
200 lu.33e" 200
ae larry TT
Ered
x@ 400 NOTE 400
zs Depths in parentheses not
$= 500 corrected for elevations. 500
600

8
8
+e

No horizontal scale +|

Fraure 38.—Isopachous Illustration of Net Thickness and Representative Electrical Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer
(1,030-1,575 Feet) in Northern Wichita County


44

ot

to" oR 10! TO ee
LESS. 2s ‘50°

A
Consolidated Oil Co.

Deo .
Bre DMsse

8
Foin & McGoho.

Dickinson Nol Foin & MeGoho Fee Not
1400 ELIpO8" EL973" 1a00
ry 1500 j 1500
g i600 1600
g epee)
3 ir00 1700
8 1g00 1800
3
S 1900 Ye 1900
z 700 2900
Po 200 - 2300
2200 2200
No horizontal scale NoTe

Ficure 40.—Isopachous Illustration ef Net Thickness
and Representative Electrical Logs of Canyon Series
Aquifer (2,620-2,890 Feet) in Southeastern Wichita

County.

Depths in porentheses not
corrected for elevations.

| Areo
+ Shown

|
|
| ; '
| WICHITA cowry
|
|
|
I

° 20,000

SCALE: FEET
© suPPLy 50' OR 50'TO 100! OR
WELL LESS too" MORE
A
Fain & McGaho
Foin & McGoho Fee No!
E1.973'
800
-
W900
irs
a 1000
>
a
3 00
a
@ R00 (2,229
5 |
S Boo |
= \g00 NOTE:
xr * Depths in parentheses not
& 1500 corrected for elevations.
a
1600

Fieure 41.—Isopachous Illustration of Net
Thickness and Representative Electrical
Logs of Cisco Series Aquifer (2,145-2,350
Feet) in Southeastern Wichita County.


TaBLE 1.—Chemical analyses and related physical measurements of water from wells representing each North Texas formation studied

(Analyses in milligrams per liter, except as indicated)

Wellhead measurements for unstable constituents Laboratory measurements for dissolved minerals and related physical
properties
Geologic description County and Alka-_ | Carbon-| Dis- | Free | Hy- Spe-
of producing zone | Company and wellname | figure 1 index lunity as | | ate, | solved! car | dro- Iron Cal- | Mag- | So- Bicar- Chlor- cific
number ‘CaCOz | stability] Oxy- gen cium | nesium} dium | Barium | bonate | Sulfate] “ide | Total |grav-
pH as | gen de sul- |__] (CA*+)] (Me*)| (Nat) | (Bat*) «|(HCO;-)| (SO.—)| (CI-)_| solids | ity,
CaCOa#) (02) fide 60°)
PilM? (665 |d8)|rotal| Dis. 60°
lsolved F
Cambrian (Hickory).| Cities Service Oil Co........] Wilbarger (3)-| 6.0} 0.0] 35] 8ss.| 0.0} 53] 6| 28] 26 | 27,000] 3,200 | 51,000 41 31 0 | 136,000 | 218, 000 | 1.155
er.
Ondovielan (Ellen- Cooke (6).....} 5.8] .0] 8] a3us.| .0] 440] 2] 18] 17 17,000] 2,100 | 49,000 0 110 |) | 112,000 | 180, 000 | 3. 127
yurger).
Mississippian Archer (4)*...| 6.2] .0] 65| 15us.)} .0] 51] 5] 24} 21 | 20,000] 3,200 | 54,000 86 73| 600 | 127,000 | 205,000 | 1. 153
\appel).
Pennsylvanian Montague (2).| 6.8) .0] 93] 10us.| .o} 53/ 3) 47} @) | 8,900] 1,300 | 32,000 ) 31] 230 | 69,000 | 112, 000 } 1.071
trawn).
Pennsylvanian Archer (2).....| 6.5] .0] 70{ 135s, | .0} 108] 8] 45} 45 | 10,000] 1,600 | 47,000 0 46 0| 95,000 | 154, 000 | 1. 107
on)
Pennsylvanian Archer (9).....| 6.2] .0] 90] 15ss.} .o] 101} 5] 41] 41] 7,800] 1,300} 40,000} 2B 0 | 79, 000 | 129, 000 | 1.088
0).
Permian (Wolt Clay @).. 0] 55] 138s. ] @ 29} 2] 28] @ | 6,000} 1,800 | 31,000 26 64| (| 64,000 | 103,000 | 1.076
mp)
Cratapsous Montague (1)-| 7.0] .0/ 122] 14us.{ .0} 15] of 5] @ 33 us| 220 0 93) ©) 390 750 | 1.001
rinity).
Quaternary Wichita (18) *.| 6.6] .0 | 260| 305.5. -o| 92) of 6 5| 2,100] 500} 5,500 0 300| 370 | 13,000 | 22, 000 | 1.017
(Alluvial bed).
1 Phenolphthalein. ' Trace,
4 Methyl orange; bicarbonate alkalinity. $ Approximate location.
3 g.s--supersaturation, milligrams per liter; w.s.—undersaturation, milligrams per liter. No determination.

+ Tneludes strontium. 403 rst analyses 6.0 after water had run 0 minutes,