United States Department ofAgriculture

Field Guide for Managing

Teasel in the Southwest

Forest 

Service

Southwestern

Region TP-R3-16-26 Revised June 2017
Cover Photos

Top right: Ohio State Weed Lab, Ohio State University,Bugwood.org 

Top left: David Cappaert, Michigan State University, Bugwood.org 

Bottom: The Nature Conservancy,Bugwood.org

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1 

Teasel (Dipsacus fullonum L.)

Teasel family (Dipsacaceae)

Teasel is an invasive plant that has been listed as a noxious 

weed in New Mexico. This field guide serves as the U.S. 

Forest Service’s recommendations for management of

teasel in forests, woodlands, and rangelands associated 

with its Southwestern Region. The Southwestern Region

covers Arizona and New Mexico, which together have 11

national forests. The Region also administers 4 national

grasslands located in northeastern New Mexico, western

Oklahoma, and the Texas panhandle.

Description

Common teasel (synonyms: Fuller’s teasel, wild teasel,

Venus’ basin (or cup), barber’s brush) is a weedy biennial

with prickly stems and a distinctive cone-shaped flower

head. Originally introduced from Europe, teasel is valued 

as a horticultural plant and has also been used medicinally. 

The spiny, dried seed heads of teasel are used for wool 

“fleecing” and are commonly used in floral arrangements. 

In the rosette stage, it is similar in appearance to thistles, 

common burdock (Arctium minus), and broadleaf dock 

(Rumex obtusifolius). As teasel matures, it can be 

distinguished from these other plants by its wrinkled

leaves.

Growth Characteristics

• Biennial or short-lived perennial (dies after it flowers

for the first time).

• Taproot grows during rosette stage; 2 feet deep.

Fibrous roots extend from taproot (up to 1-foot wide).

• Rosette leaves are wrinkled, scalloped, oval-shaped; 

older rosette leaves are often hairy.

• A flowering stalk emerges when roots have sufficient

energy reserves, usually after growing as a rosette for 

at least 1 year. The erect branching stem may grow to 

7 feet tall with simple, stalkless, opposite, lanceolate

leaves that have visible veins. Upper leaves grow to 

10" long, have entire margins, slightly clasp the stem, 

and may hold water near the leaf axil. Leaf mid-ribs

and elongated stem have downward pointing prickles.

• Flowers occur from early summer until early fall; 

oval-shaped flower heads with rings of small, densely 

packed lavender flowers. Stiff, spiny, upward pointing 

bracts (~ 2" long) extend from the end of the stem, 

below the flower head. Each flower usually lives only 

1 day.

• Reproduces mainly via seed; prolific seed producer 

(2,000 seeds per plant; viable for 2 years).

Ecology

Impacts/Threats

Teasel can be an aggressive competitor thereby allowing it

to displace desirable plants and form a monoculture. Its 

presence reduces forage availability and contributes to

declines in species diversity and range quality. In New 

Mexico, it has similar habitat preferences to the

Sacramento Mountains thistle (Cirsium vinaceum) and may

out-compete this endangered plant specieslocally.

Site/Distribution

Teasel prefers open, sunny habitats; it is often common in

disturbed sites, pastures, and along interstate highways. It 

grows in both moist and arid soils though it is most often 

found in mesic soil types. 

Teasel is widespread in the Pacific Northwest and is 

becoming more common in New Mexico and Arizona. In 

New Mexico, it prefers elevations between 4,000 and 

7,000 feet and has been mapped in the Lincoln National

Forest in Otero County.

Spread

Teasel prolifically produces seed that remains viable in soil 

for at least 2 years. Usually, seeds establish near the parent

plant, in spaces previously occupied by the basal rosette

leaves. For an isolated plant, the seeds will generally fall 

within 4 to 5 feet from the parent plant. However, as 

population density increases, the potential area where seed 

may fall expands. Seeds may be transported by birds or via

waterways such as irrigation ditches orstreams/rivers. 

Seeds are also spread by adhering to the undercarriages of 

vehicles or mowing equipment used along highways.
2 

Invasive Features

Although teasel is not known to have allelopathic

properties, it is aggressively competitive. Openings within 

plant communities coupled with light soil disturbance are

an invitation for invasion. Its taproot provides access to 

nutrients and soil moisture deeper within the soil profile.

Teasel’s biennial life history allows it to take up space 

within the plant community while it stores resources for 

reproduction. The stored resources result in increased seed 

production and greater germination success.

Management

Prevention and early detection are the best management

tools for teasel. Management should focus on maintaining

healthy native plant communities and managing teasel

before it can produce seed. A combination of control 

methods and repeated treatments will improve 

effectiveness in managing infestations. 

The following actions should be considered when planning

a management approach:

• Maintain healthy plant communities to prevent or 

limit teasel infestations. This may involve improving 

grazing management practices to prevent excessive 

grazing or reseeding disturbed areas with desirable

grasses and forbs. 

• Use certified weed-free seed and hay; use pellets for 

horses used in the back country.

• Eliminate new populations of teasel as early as 

possible, especially when in the seedling or rosette

stage.

• Combine mechanical, cultural, and chemical 

methods for most effective teasel control.

• Implement a monitoring and follow-up treatment 

plan for missed plants and seedlings.

• Detect, report, and map large infestations. Keep 

annual records of reported infestations.

Table 1 summarizes some management options for the 

most common situations involving teasel. Further details 

on these management options follow the table. Choice of 

control method(s) for teasel depends primarily on the 

extent, density, and location of the infestation. Land use 

and current site conditions (accessibility, terrain, 

microclimate, other flora and fauna present, etc.) must also 

be considered. Other considerations include treatment 

effectiveness, cost, and number of years needed to achieve 

control. More than one control method may be needed for 

each site.

Special Considerations

The Sacramento Mountains range in southern NewMexico

serves as habitat for the endangered SacramentoMountains

thistle (Cirsium vinaceum) which is protected under the

Endangered Species Act of 1973. Portions of this mountain 

range within Otero County are also inhabited by local

populations of Wright’s marsh thistle (C. wrightii) which is 

a New Mexico-listed endangered species and aFederal

candidate for listing. Wright’s marsh thistle is also found 

in Eddy, Chaves, Guadalupe, and Socorro Counties in New

Mexico. Both thistle species occur in wetland habitatssuch

as spring seeps and marshy edges of streams and ponds

that may be invaded by teasel. Information should be 

obtained from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service at (505) 

346-2525 before treating teasel in the Sacramento 

Mountains and the aforementioned counties that could 

possibly involve habitat of these endangered species.

Physical Control

Physical control methods work best on seedlings, rosettes, 

and partially established stands of teasel. In general, the 

effectiveness of physical control methods can be increased

by combining physical methods with herbicide spraying

for long-term management of teasel.

Manual Methods

Hand-pulling or cutting – Hoe or dig plants at the rosette

to early bolt stage by cutting the taproot 1 to 2 inches 

below the soil surface. When soil conditions allow it, 

hand-pulling can be effective for smaller, less established

infestations. Removal is generally easier and more 

effective when soil is moist and plants are beginning to 

bolt, but before seed set. It is very important to pull up as 

much of the taproot as possible. Properly dispose of debris 

by burning or bagging for burial in a landfill to prevent 

spread. Immature seed heads may ripen if left onsite.

 
3 

Table 1. Management options*

Site Physical Control Cultural Control Biological Control Chemical Control

Roadsides,

fence lines,

non-crop

areas

Mowing just after flower 

heads open but before 

seeds enlarge will prevent

production of viable seed.

Monitor and mow again if

plants re-sprout and

flower.

Use seed, mulch, and fill materials 

certified to be weed-free.

Clean mowing equipment after use.

Train road crews to identify and report

infestations along roads.

Use weed screens on irrigation water

intakes.

None available. Use truck or tractormounted spraying

equipment. Wash

underneath vehicle after

application to prevent

spread.

Pasture,

rangeland, or

riparian

corridors 

Teasel rarely persists in

settings where repeated

cultivation is practiced.

For densely infested sites, 

a prescribed burn in spring 

can prepare the site with

herbicide application as a 

follow-up treatment.

Use seed and forage hay certified to be 

weed-free; use pellets for horses in 

backcountry areas.

Inspect and remove seed from 

clothing, animals, and vehicles before

entering treated or un-infested areas.

Closely manage grazing to prevent

overuse. Reseed with perennial grasses

after disturbance or treatment.

Avoid driving vehicles and equipment

through infested areas; wash if

traveling through infestations was

unavoidable.

Same as above. Broadcast spraying via

truck or ATV-mounted

sprayer; backpack

spraying may be more

practical in areas

difficult to access.

Wilderness,

other natural

areas, and/ or

small

infestations

Cut or hoe roots at least 1 

to 2 inches below the soil 

surface. Hand pull if soil 

conditions allow for 

removal of most of the

taproot.

Use a hand-held propane

torch for seedlings and

isolated plants.

In addition to the above, use feed 

pellets for horses in the back country.

Post signs warning visitors to remove

seeds after passing through infested

areas.

Same as above. Use backpack or handheld sprayers.

Broadcast spraying with

ground methods may be 

used on thicker stands if

allowed.

* Choice of a particular management option must be in compliance with existing regulations for the land resource.

Mechanical Methods

If using machinery to manage teasel, the equipment should 

be cleaned after use to prevent movement of seed into uninfested areas.

Tillage – Disking or plowing infestations will disrupt and

discourage growth. In an agronomic setting, teasel will not 

persist if cultivated repeatedly.

Mowing – If properly timed, mowing can severely reduce 

production of viable seed. Mow during bolting or when 

flower heads are just being produced but before seed has 

matured. If performed after seed has matured, mowing will 

facilitate spread. Monitor the site after mowing and repeat

if teasel re-sprouts and grows new flower stalks.

Prescribed Fire

Research on the use of fire for teasel management is 

limited. Since the growth region of teasel islocated just 

below the surface, fires that significantly increase

belowground temperatures are likely to kill the plant. 

Thus, a propane torch may be considered for individual

plant treatment of teasel, especially for seedlings or plants 

in the rosette stage. Fire is also acceptable for debris 

disposal.
4 

Broadcast burning in well-established teasel infestations is 

usually not a viable option since bare-ground interspaces 

between teasel plants ordinarily prevent a sustainable fire. 

For early infestations of teasel where a grass understory is 

still present, a prescribed burn may be performed in late 

winter or early spring to remove debris and to open up the 

canopy to make teasel rosettes more visible. To increase 

competition from grasses, the prescribed burn should be 

followed up with a broadleaf-specific herbicide—such as 

triclopyr or clopyralid—applied to rosettes.

Cultural Control

Preventing teasel introduction into an area reduces the 

need for control measures. Consider educating florists 

and the local public as to the potential impacts of teasel. 

Dried flower arrangements left at cemeteries are a 

common means of introducing teasel to a previously uninfested area. Also, consider educating land managers, 

road crews, and the local public to identify teasel so that 

they can help prevent establishment by reporting all 

suspected infestations. Seed and materials used for 

mulch, forage, or fill should be certified to be weedfree; pellets may be used for horses in backcountry 

areas.

Biological Control

Grazing

While teasel does not withstand moderate to heavy 

grazing, it is not highly palatable or serve as desirable 

forage. Most foraging animals (including cattle, sheep, 

and goats) avoid teasel and will not graze it.

Classical Biological Control

There are no classical biocontrol agents (insects, 

pathogens, etc.) known for teasel at this time.

Chemical Control

Herbicides are an effective and economical way to

manage teasel. However, new populations often return 

within a few years after herbicide treatment from seed 

that is still abundant in the soil. Anticipate the need to 

monitor and use follow-up herbicide applications for 

several years to deplete the seed bank and attain longterm control.

All herbicides recommended in table 2 will control

emerged teasel when properly applied. The most 

commonly recommended herbicides include 2,4-D 

(alone or combined as a mixture), triclopyr, clopyralid,

or aminopyralid. Glyphosate is non-selective and may 

be considered if impacts to other plants (especially 

grasses) are acceptable. To prevent development of

resistance, rotation of herbicide active ingredients on a 

yearly basis should be considered for repeated 

treatments.

Each herbicide product has different requirements and 

restrictions. Thus, it is important to read the label 

carefully and follow all instructions and guidelines 

when mixing and applying any chemical. Aquatically 

approved herbicide formulations and surfactants must 

be used in or near water. Grazing restrictions following 

treatment as specified on the label should always be

followed.

Herbicide Application

The most effective growth stage to spray teasel is the

rosette stage, which can be sprayed in late fall or early 

spring when teasel is green but surrounding desirable 

plants are mostly dormant. Spraying after the plant has 

bolted is less effective, and spraying after seed heads 

have formed is counterproductive. This is because seed 

heads will continue to mature after herbicide treatment 

and will likely contribute to further spread.

Herbicides may be applied in several ways including 

backpack or hand-held sprayers, ATV or UTV sprayers, 

or conventional boom sprayers that are pulled or 

attached to a tractor or truck. Any equipment used to 

spray herbicide should be calibrated. Precautionary 

measures should be taken during application with all 

herbicides if non-target plants—including woody 

species—need to be protected.

A power sprayer with a handgun can be used for 

broadcast treatment of teasel growing in relatively large 

areas. For smaller areas of teasel with sparse 

populations, one person or a team can spray teasel by 

using a backpack sprayer fitted with an adjustable spray 
5 

Table 2. Herbicide recommendations

Common

Chemical

Name (active 

ingredient)

Product

Example1

Broadcast 

Treatment 

(rate per 

acre)

Spot 

Treatment 

(spray 

solution)2

Time of

Application Remarks

2,4-D amine 3 Many

products

2–4 pints 2% During active

growth; rosette 

to bolt,

especially late 

fall to early

winter or spring.

Broadleaf-specific herbicide. Clover and 

creeping bent grass may also be impacted. Not

recommended for direct application to water.

Avoid spraying seedling grasses until roots are

established. Limit grazing for 7 days following 

treatment.

Aminopyralid Milestone 1/4–1/3 pint 5–10% During active 

growth; rosette 

to bolt, 

especially late 

fall to early 

winter or spring.

Broadleaf-specific herbicide; does not harm 

grasses. Labeled for use up to water’s edge. Some

grazing recommendations.

Best applied as a coarse, low-pressure spray. If 

stand is taller than 6 feet, use a high-volume spray.

Use 0.25–0.5% v/v NIS4 when conditions are

adverse (high heat, low relative humidity, or dusty 

conditions) or on mature stands; may be used in

combination with 2,4-D.3

Imazapic Plateau 1/2–3/4 pints 0.5–1% + 

1% MSO

Spring/fall on 

rosettes or 

early summer

when it bolts.

Inhibits growth of most plants; more likely to kill 

broad-leaved plants. Acceptable for use in

riparian areas.

Adding methylated seed oil at 2 pints per acre 

improves effectiveness.

Clopyralid Curtail 2–3 quarts 1–3% Spring from 6

to 10 inches

growth until

early bud; or 

fall during

rosette stage.

Broadleaf-specific herbicide; does not harm most 

established grasses. Can be used on rangeland, 

irrigated pasture or meadow, but not applied 

directly to water. Not recommended for highly 

permeable soils or shallow groundwater areas.

Wait 30 days to establish perennial grasses. May 

be used in combination with 2,4-D3. May use 

NIS4 up to 0.5% v/v.

Transline 1/4 to 1-1/3 

pints

1–3 %

Triclopyr Remedy 1–2 pints 2% During active

growth.

Broadleaf-specific herbicide; does not harm 

grasses. Uptake is by foliage and roots. Not 

recommended for areas with highly permeable 

soils or areas of shallow groundwater.

Adequate soil moisture and healthy leaf material 

is required for optimal herbicide effectiveness.

Triclopyr + 

clopyralid

Redeem

R&P

1.5–2 pints 1–2% Rosette stage See recommendations above.

Glyphosate Roundup 

[many

other 

products]

4–4.8 quarts 1.5–2% Rosette to

early bud; late 

fall to early

winter.

Non-specific herbicide; will damage any actively 

growing plant material it contacts.

Apply during late fall or early winter or use a spot

treatment or wipe method when desirable plants

are present.

1 Trade names for products are provided for example purposes only, and other products with the same active ingredient(s) may be available. Individual product 

labels should be examined for specific information and appropriate use with teasel.

2 Spray solution is the herbicide/water ratio in a spray mix that may be used for spot treatment with backpack or hand-held sprayers. The amount of product 

applied during an annual growing season must not exceed the maximum application rate per acre as specified by the product label – refer to the product 

label for the site type and application.

3 2,4-D is a restricted-use pesticide in New Mexico only. A certified applicator’s license is required for purchase and use.

4 NIS is an abbreviation for nonionic surfactant, an additive commonly recommended by herbicide labels for post-emergent foliar herbicide application.
6 

nozzle. Plants should be spot sprayed by wetting the 

foliage and stems without allowing dripping to occur. A 2 

percent solution of triclopyr + clopyralid should be 

considered for spot spraying.

Integrated Control Methods

Experience with integrated methods for controlling teasel 

is limited. As is the case in managing most weed-infested 

areas, a combination of control measures should be 

beneficial since impacts of integrated techniques are often 

cumulative. An example is a mowing-herbicide treatment 

sequence whereby infestations are mown in early spring 

and then treated about 50–60 days later with a broadleaf 

herbicide. If soil moisture is adequate, reseeding in the fall 

with a mixture of competitive perennial grasses should be 

considered. To help establish the desirable perennial 

grasses, grazing should be deferred for two growing 

seasons after treatment. Follow-up monitoring and spot 

treating any new teasel plants or regrowth are also 

necessary.

Management Strategies

Early detection and plant removal are critical for 

preventing establishment of teasel. Strategies to contain, 

reduce, or eradicate teasel populations require integrated 

management and follow-up monitoring. Because each 

treatment situation is unique, the strategy adopted for 

managing teasel must involve careful planning and 

consideration of local site conditions.

Priority should be given to surveying for teasel and 

eradicating small, new, or isolated infestations. Consider 

addressing small populations or isolated plants on 

otherwise healthy sites first. Control and containment 

methods should be practiced with larger teasel infestations. 

The plants at the perimeter of heavily infested areas should 

be treated to prevent the infestation from spreading. The 

larger, denser cores of the infested area should be

addressed in the final stage of treatment.

The key to successful long-term control of teasel is to 

encourage vigorous competition from desirable perennial 

plants, especially grasses. Teasel prefers open sunny 

habitats, thus encouraging competition from grasses while 

maintaining litter cover will help minimize its

reestablishment. Reseeding by broadcast seeding or a notill drill to increase competitive pressure on teasel should 

always be considered as an option where feasible. In areas 

where reseeding is planned, glyphosate can be broadcast 

sprayed for site preparation. Glyphosate is most effective

when applied sequentially at about 1-month intervals 

during the summer, coupled with a fall grass seeding. 

Make the first application in early summer (June or July) 

and the second about a month later, provided green shoots 

are present. Sow perennial grass seed in late autumn as a 

dormant seeding (i.e., grass seedlings will not emerge until 

the following spring).

Persistence and a long-term commitment are a must for 

teasel control. Regardless of the strategy used, it will 

likely require 4–6 years of repeated control efforts to 

contain or eliminate teasel. Since it is ordinarily useless to

treat an area only one time without retreatment, sufficient 

resources must be allocated for the area where control is 

attempted. After initial treatment, it is especially important 

that resources are also available to respray or retreat the 

treated area as necessary. Treated areas should be 

monitored periodically and measures taken to control missed 

plants and newly emerged seedlings. It is also important to 

monitor the return of desirable native plant species, especially 

perennial native grasses, to encourage competition.

References and Further

Information

Caswell, H. and P. Werner. 1978. Transient Behavior and 

Life History Analysis of Teasel (Dipsacus sylvestris). 

Ecology 59(1):53-66. Available athttp://www.jstor. 

org (accessed Nov. 2010)

Colorado Department of Agriculture. 2008. Common

Teasel Identification and Management. Available at

www. colorado.gov (accessed Nov. 2010)

DiTomaso, J.M. and E.A. Healy. 2007. Weeds of

California and Other Western States. University of

California Agriculture and Natural Resource 

Publication 3488. Pp. 685–688. Available at

http://books.google.com/books (accessed Nov. 2010)
7 

Gremaud, G. and T. Smith. 2002. Teasel Alert! 

Common and Cut-leaved Teasel: Two Species; 

One Big Problem. Available at 

http://mdc4.mdc.mo.gov/ Documents/173.pdf 

(accessed Nov. 2010)

Gucker, C.L. 2009. Dipsacus fullonum, D. laciniatus. 

In: Fire Effects Information System. USDA 

Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research 

Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory (Producer). 

Available at http:// www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/ 

(accessed 17 Nov. 2010) 

Missouri Department of Conservation. 2010. 

Management of Invasive Species: Cut-leaf and 

Common Teasel (http://mdc.mo.gov/landwatercare/plant-management/invasive-plantmanagement/cut-leaved-and-common-teasel 

(accessed17 Nov. 2010)

Ohio Perennial and Biennial Weed Guide. Available 

at http://www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/weedguide/ 

default.asp (accessed Nov. 2010) 

Panke, B., R. deRegnier, and M. Renz. 2010. Invasive 

Plants of Wisconsin: Teasel. A Cooperative 

Extension Publication. Available at 

http://ipcm.wisc.edu/ (accessed Nov. 2010) 

Watson, L. and M.J. Dallwitz. 1992 onwards. The

Families of Flowering Plants: Descriptions, 

Illustrations, Identification, and Information 

Retrieval. Version: 20th May 2010. Available 

athttp://delta-intkey.com (accessed Nov.

2010)

Weld County, Colorado. 2007. Rangeland-Pasture 

Recommendations for CommonTeasel.

Available at http://www.co.weld.co.us/assets/ 

DbdBbA881bdDDb40C6D6.pdf (accessed 

Nov. 2010)

Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources. 2004.

Common Teasel Factsheet. Available at

http://dnr.wi.gov/invasives/fact/teasel_com.ht

m (accessedNov. 2010)

Suggested Web Sites

For information about calibrating spray equipment:

NMSU Cooperative Extension Service Guide 

A-613, Sprayer Calibration. Available at 

http://aces.nmsu.edu/pubs/_a/A-613.pdf

Virginia Tech Weed ID Guide:

http://www.ppws.vt.edu/scott/weed_id/diwsi.h

tm
For more information or

other field guides, contact:

USDA Forest Service 

Southwestern Region

Forest Health

333 Broadway Blvd., SE 

Albuquerque, NM 87102

Or visit the Southwestern Region’s 

website for invasive species:

http://www.fs.usda.gov/goto/r3/invasivespecies

The use of trade or firm names in this publication is for reader 

information only and does not imply endorsement of any 

product or service by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 

Recommendations made here for 

pesticide use are not obligatory, 

nor do they imply that discussed 

uses have been registered. All 

uses of pesticides must be 

registered by appropriate State 

and/or Federal agencies before 

they can be applied. 

CAUTION: Pesticides can be 

injurious to humans, domestic 

animals, desirable plants, and fish or other wildlife—if they 

are not handled or applied properly. Use all pesticides 

carefully and lawfully. Follow recommended practices for the 

disposal of surplus pesticides and pesticide containers.