Sampling Episode Report 

Duke Energy Carolinas’ 

Belews Creek Steam Station 

Belews Creek, NC 

Sampling Episode 6557 

Prepared for:

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

Engineering and Analysis Division 

Office of Water 

1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW 

Washington, D.C. 20460 

Prepared by: 

Eastern Research Group, Inc.

14555 Avion Parkway 

Suite 200 

Chantilly, VA 20151 

 9 October 2009 

EPA Contract No. 68-C02-095 

Work Assignment 6-22
i

CONTENTS 

Page 

1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. 1-1 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study.......................................................................... 1-1 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection ............................................................................... 1-1 

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview ............................................................................ 1-2 

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW.................................................................................................... 2-1 

2.1 FGD Scrubber System...................................................................................... 2-1 

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System................................................................. 2-2 

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation............................................................... 2-3 

2.2.2 Biological Reactors .............................................................................. 2-4 

2.2.3 Biological Reactors .............................................................................. 2-5 

2.2.4 Sampling Points.................................................................................... 2-6 

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION ................................................................................................... 3-1 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements .......... 3-1 

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System.................................... 3-2 

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System ............................................................... 3-4 

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System .......................................................... 3-7 

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation ...................................................... 3-11 

3.3 Plant Operational Data ................................................................................... 3-12 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan ........................................... 3-12 

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION................................................. 4-1 

5. DATA QUALITY ............................................................................................................ 5-1 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control ............................................................................... 5-1 

5.2 Field Quality Control ....................................................................................... 5-1 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks ...................................................................................... 5-1 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks ................................................................................ 5-2 

5.2.3 Field Blanks ...................................................................................... 5-3 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates.................................................................................... 5-4 

6. REFERENCES ................................................................................................................ 6-1 

Appendix A: ANALYTICAL RESULTS

Appendix B: ANALYTICAL DATA FOR METALS, FGD WASTEWATER

Appendix C: DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES

Appendix D: PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE
ii

LIST OF TABLES 

Page 

3-1 Sample Collection Information, Belews Creek............................................................3-15 

3-2 Number of Samples Collected by Sampling Point, Belews Creek ...............................3-16 

3-3 Field Measurements, Belews Creek ............................................................................3-17 

3-4 Analytical Methods and Procedures for Samples Collected at Belews Creek...............3-18 

3-5 Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Belews Creek....................3-19 

3-6 Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek............................................................3-20 

3-7 Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Belews 

Creek..........................................................................................................................3-22 

3-8 FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek.................................3-23 

3-9 FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek............3-24 

3-10 Ash System Operating Characteristics During Sample Collection, Belews Creek........3-25 

4-1 Classical Pollutants Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Belews Creek ................................................................................ 4-3 

4-2 Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System, Belews Creek ................................................................................................. 4-4 

5-1 Field Blank Results Measured Above the Report Limit, Belews Creek ........................ 5-5 

5-2 Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek ........................................................................ 5-6 

A-1 FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek...............................................................A-1 

A-2 FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek ..................................A-6 

A-3 FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek ................................A-14 

A-4 FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek................................A-18 

A-5 FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek................................A-26 

A-6 Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek.......................A-30 

A-7 Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek ...........................A-37 

A-8 FGD Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek .........................................A-41 
LIST OF TABLES (Continued) 

Page 

iii

A-9 FGD Bioreactor Influent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek .............A-43 

A-10 FGD Bioreactor Influent Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek .............A-45 

A-11 FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek.............A-46 

A-12 FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek.............A-52 

B-1 Analytical Results for Metals in the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews 

Creek...........................................................................................................................B-1 
iv

LIST OF FIGURES 

Page 

2-1 Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Creek ........... 2-7 

2-2 Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System, Belews Creek ................................................................................ 2-8 

2-3 Contructed Wetland Treatment System Portion of FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System, Belews Creek ................................................................................................. 2-9 

D-1 Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” ........................................................................D-1 

D-2 Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment System......D-2 

D-3 Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station......................................................D-3 

D-4 Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System..............................D-4 

D-5 Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System ............................D-5 
1-1

1. INTRODUCTION

 The Engineering and Analysis Division (EAD) of the U.S. Environmental Protection 

Agency (EPA) is conducting a site visit and sampling program at steam electric power plants. 

This program is intended to characterize raw wastewaters generated by coal-fired steam electric 

power plants, as well as to evaluate treatment technologies and best management practices used 

to reduce pollutant discharges. This Sampling Episode Report (SER) describes the sampling 

activities that took place October 20 - 23, 2008, at Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews Creek Steam 

Station (Belews Creek), located in Belews Creek, North Carolina (Sampling Episode 6557). The 

focus of Episode 6557 was to characterize the purge stream entering the flue gas desulfurization 

(FGD) wastewater treatment system and the influent to and effluent from the FGD bioreactor 

treatment system. The influent to the bioreactor system also represents the effluent from the 

chemical precipitation system. 

1.1 Background of Detailed Study

 Section 304(m) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) requires EPA to develop and publish a 

biennial plan that establishes a schedule for the annual review and revision of national effluent 

limitations guidelines and standards (ELGs) required by CWA section 304(b). During its 

2005/2006 review of ELGs, EPA determined that the steam electric power generating point 

source category (40 CFR Part 423) was the nation’s second-largest industrial discharger of toxicweighted pollutants. EPA’s analyses indicated that metals contribute the majority of the toxic 

loading. Further, the waste streams contributing the majority of the metals are associated with air 

pollution controls. Other potential sources of metals include coal pile runoff, metal/chemical 

cleaning wastes, coal washing, and certain low-volume wastes. 

 In the 2005/2006 detailed study of the industry, EPA noted certain data limitations that 

affected its estimate of the potential hazards posed by discharges from this industry. Therefore, 

EPA continued the review of these discharges during the 2007/2008 ELG planning cycle. Due to 

the limited resources and time available, the Agency concentrated its efforts for the 2007/2008 

study in two areas. First, EPA focused on better characterizing the sources of the pollutants 

responsible for the majority of the toxic-weighted pollutant loadings. Second, EPA focused on 

identifying available pollution control technologies and practices for steam electric plants. EPA 

is continuing the study of the steam electric industry during the 2009/2010 ELG planning cycle 

to further evaluate the pollutant loadings and available pollution control technologies and 

practices. 

1.2 Power Plant Site Selection

 EPA selected six coal-fired steam electric plants for wastewater sampling based on their 

process configurations and plant characteristics. The following characteristics (not listed in any 

priority order) were used to select plants for sampling: 

• Coal-fired boilers; 

• Wet FGD scrubber system, including: 

— Type of scrubber, 

— Sorbent used, 

— Year operation began, 
1-2

— Chemical additives used, 

— Forced oxidation process, 

— Water cycling, and 

— Solids removal process; 

• FGD wastewater treatment system; 

• Type of coal; 

• NOx controls; 

• Ash handling systems; 

• Ash treatment system; and 

• Mercury air controls. 

 EPA selected Belews Creek for sampling based on the following site characteristics: 

• The plant is a coal-fired power plant that burns eastern bituminous coal in each of 

its two generating units; 

• The plant operates limestone forced oxidation wet FGD systems on both units; 

• The plant operates a segregated FGD wastewater treatment system, which 

includes the following steps: 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Organosulfide addition (although the plant discontinued this step prior to 

the sampling episode), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, 

— Filtration, 

— Anoxic/anaerobic biological treatment (designed to remove nitrates and 

selenium), and 

— Constructed wetlands treatment; 

• The plant operates selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems on both generating 

units; and 

• The plant produces a commercial-grade gypsum by-product. 

1.3 Sampling Episode Overview

 On March 12, 2008, EPA and its technical contractor, Eastern Research Group, Inc. 

(ERG), conducted a site visit at Belews Creek. The purpose of the site visit was to learn about 

the FGD scrubber purge wastewater treatment system and to gather information in order to 

collect wastewater samples at Belews Creek. The information collected during the site visit was 

used to create Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews Creek Steam Station (Sampling 

Plan) [1], which describes the sample collection procedures used during the sampling episode. 

 On Monday, October 20, 2008, EPA arrived at Belews Creek to meet with plant 

personnel, receive on-site safety training, review the sampling points, and determine the set-up 

for the sample collection. EPA and ERG collected the samples specified in the Sampling Plan on 

Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday, October 21, 22, and 23, 2008. The following personnel 

participated in EPA’s sample collection activities: 
1-3

• Ron Jordan, EPA/EAD; 

• Josh Hall, EPA/EAD; 

• TJ Finseth, ERG; 

• Kim Wagoner, ERG; and 

• Jessica Wolford, ERG. 

In addition, during the sample collection, EPA collected split samples with the Utility Water Act 

Group (UWAG). UWAG is a trade association for the electric power generating industry. During 

the sampling episode, UWAG acted as Belews Creek’s representative and collected samples on 

behalf of the plant. 
2-1

2. FACILITY OVERVIEW

 Belews Creek operates two coal-fired steam electric generating units and burns 

approximately 19,000 tons of eastern bituminous coal per day. Units 1 and 2, which came on line 

in 1974 and 1975, respectively, each have a capacity of 1,200 megawatts (MW). The Belews 

Creek plant site comprises approximately 7,000 acres adjacent to Belews Lake, in Belews Creek, 

NC. The plant and supporting facilities are located on approximately 700 acres of this property. 

 Units 1 and 2 have the following configuration: 

• Boiler; 

• Air preheater; 

• SCR system; 

• Electrostatic precipitator (ESP); and 

• FGD scrubber system. 

 Belews Creek recently retrofitted Units 1 and 2 with wet FGD scrubber systems in 

February 2008 and May 2008, respectively, to control the sulfur dioxide (SO2) releases from the 

plant. The wet FGD scrubbers are designed to remove more than 95 percent of SO2 from the flue 

gas. Because of the addition of the FGD scrubber systems, Belews Creek installed a wastewater 

treatment system to control the discharges of the wastewater generated during FGD scrubber 

operation. Section 2.1 discusses the FGD scrubber systems and Section 2.2 discusses the FGD 

wastewater treatment system. 

 Belews Creek retrofitted Units 1 and 2 with SCR systems in August 2003 and February 

2004, respectively, to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) releases from the plant. Initially, Belews 

Creek operated the SCRs only during ozone season, May through September; however, since 

January 2007, the plant now operates the SCR systems year round. Belews Creek personnel 

stated that the plant plans to continue operating the SCRs year round into the foreseeable future. 

 The ESPs at Belews Creek are particulate control devices that remove 99.8 percent of the 

fly ash and other particulates from the flue gas. Belews Creek uses ESPs to remove the flue gas 

fly ash from both generating units. The fly ash and other particulates are collected in hoppers and 

typically are pneumatically transferred to fly ash silos. However, Belews Creek also has the 

capability to handle the fly ash wet, typically during startup/shut down, by sluicing the fly ash in 

the hoppers and transferring the fly ash sluice water to the ash basin. 

2.1 FGD Scrubber System

 The FGD scrubbers use limestone slurry to absorb sulfur dioxide. The slurry is made 

from limestone pulverized in on-site ball mills, then mixed with water to a target concentration 

of 27 to 30 percent solids (by weight). The fresh limestone slurry is fed to the bottom of the 

scrubbers in the reaction tank. Fresh slurry is mixed with some of the reacted product from the 

reaction tank and pumped to the FGD scrubber spray levels (typically three of four spray levels 

are operating at one time). The slurry is pressurized and sprayed downward into the scrubber 

vessel through spray nozzles. As the slurry falls downward and the flue gas flows countercurrent 

to the slurry, the spray droplets of the limestone slurry contact the flue gas and absorb the sulfur 

dioxide, which reacts with the limestone particles and produces calcium sulfite. The spray 
2-2

droplets continue to flow downward in the scrubber until they reach the reaction tank. Belews 

Creek bubbles air through the reaction tank to oxidize the calcium sulfite to calcium sulfate (i.e., 

gypsum). 

 Belews Creek intermittently blows down the gypsum slurry from the reaction tank to 

control the solids concentration in the scrubbers to approximately 15 percent solids. The scrubber 

blowdown also maintains the chloride concentration in the scrubbers at between 8,000 and 

10,000 parts per million (ppm), with a design maximum chloride concentration of 12,000 ppm. 

The plant transfers the blowdown from the scrubber to the gypsum dewatering operations. 

 The gypsum slurry blowdown is pumped to the primary hydrocyclones where the solid 

gypsum is separated from the water by centrifugal force. The solid gypsum is forced outward to 

the walls of the hydrocyclones and falls downward, while the water exits through the top of the 

hydrocyclones. The gypsum from the primary hydrocyclones is transferred first to the filter feed 

tank, then to the vacuum filter belts. The water overflow from the primary hydrocyclones is 

transferred to a holding tank and then pumped to the secondary hydrocyclones. The underflow 

from the secondary hydrocyclones is returned to the scrubber or sent to the filter feed tank. The 

water overflow from the secondary hydrocyclones is sent to the purge tank and then pumped to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system. This FGD scrubber purge stream is required to purge the 

chlorides from the FGD scrubber system. The plant has the capability to recycle some of the 

overflow from both the primary and secondary hydrocyclones back to the FGD scrubber; 

however, according to the plant, this is not the normal mode of operation for the system and has 

hardly ever occurred. 

 As the gypsum from the filter feed tank is poured onto the vacuum filter belts, it is 

washed with service water. The vacuum filter belts dry the gypsum to a moisture content of 

approximately 10 percent. The filtrate from the vacuum filter belts is returned to the FGD 

scrubber. Belews Creek transfers the dry gypsum to an uncovered gypsum storage area. 

Depending on the demand for gypsum, the plant either trucks the dry gypsum to a wallboard 

manufacturer in Mount Holly, NC, approximately 105 miles from the plant or transfers it to a 

landfill. Belews Creek personnel expect to produce approximately 500,000 tons of gypsum per 

year; however, plant personnel stated that the gypsum production depends on the coal being 

burned and sulfur content of the coal. 

2.2 FGD Wastewater Treatment System

 The FGD wastewater treatment system is designed to receive intermittent transfers of 

FGD wastewater from the purge tank, which contains secondary hydrocyclone overflow. 

Wastewater is pumped at 350 to 600 gallons per minute (gpm) for approximately 18 hours per 

day, with a total daily flow rate of approximately 489,000 gallons per day (gpd). According to 

Belews Creek personnel, the flow rate to the equalization tank varies depending on whether one 

or both of the scrubbers are purging wastewater to the system. 

 The FGD wastewater treatment system operates 24 hours per day. Belews Creek installed 

the wastewater treatment system to treat the FGD scrubber purge wastewater to meet their permit 

limits, which includes limits for total suspended solids (TSS) and selenium. The FGD 

wastewater treatment system uses the following treatment operations: 
2-3

• Physical/Chemical Separation; 

— Equalization, 

— pH adjustment (lime addition), 

— Sulfide addition (this step was discontinued at the time of sampling), 

— Ferric chloride addition, 

— Polymer addition, 

— Clarification, and 

— Filtration; 

• Biological Reactors; 

— Cooling (heat extraction), 

— Nutrient addition, 

— First-stage biological reaction, 

— Nutrient addition, and 

— Second-stage biological reaction; and 

• Constructed wetlands1; 

— Dilution, 

— Equalization, 

— First-stage cattail cells, 

— Second-stage cattail and bulrush cells, 

— Rock cascade, 

— Bulrush cells, and 

— Rock cascade. 

 Figures 2-1 through 2-3, located at the end of this section, present process flow diagrams 

of the FGD wastewater treatment system, as well as the sampling locations for EPA’s sampling 

episode. Figure 2-1 presents a simplified diagram of the FGD wastewater treatment system, 

showing different portions of the system. Figure 2-2 presents a diagram of the chemical 

precipitation and biological reactor portions of the treatment system, and Figure 2-3 presents a 

diagram of the constructed wetland portion of the treatment system. 

 The secondary hydrocyclone overflow from the scrubbers is transferred to the purge tank 

and then sent to the equalization tank at the start of the wastewater treatment system. This 

wastewater is expected to contain approximately 0.8 percent solids and have a pH of 6.5 to 7.0. 

The equalization tank also receives the filter press filtrate, gravity filter backwash reject, 

backflush waste from the biological treatment system, and off-specification biological treatment 

effluent. 

2.2.1 Physical/Chemical Separation 

 From the equalization tank, the wastewater flows through three reaction tanks in series: 

reaction tank 1, in which lime is added to increase the pH to between 8.5 and 9.2 (target 8.8); 

reaction tank 2, formerly used for organosulfide addition, but now used to provide additional 

 

1

 Since the dates of the sampling episode, Belews Creek has rerouted the effluent from the FGD bioreactor system to 

bypass the constructed wetland treatment system and flow directly to the ash basin. The plant continues to use the 

heat exchanger cooling water to dilute the FGD wastewater prior to transferring it to the ash basin. The constructed 

wetland treatment system now receives rainfall runoff from on-site FGD material storage areas and landfills and 

sewage treatment lagoon effluent. At the time of the sampling episode, the rerouting of the wastewater had not yet 

occurred; therefore, the constructed wetlands were still treating the FGD wastewater during the sampling episode.
2-4

mixing; and reaction tank 3, in which ferric chloride is added. From reaction tank 3, the 

wastewater flows to a mix chamber where polymer is added. 

 From the mix chamber, the wastewater enters one of two clarifiers operating in parallel. 

During the sampling episode, only one of the clarifiers was operating because the other was out 

of service for maintenance. Each of the clarifiers is capable of handling 100 percent of the waste 

stream capacity. Belews Creek would like to operate both clarifiers at the same time, but since 

the FGD wastewater treatment system began operating, only one has operated at a time. The 

clarifiers are solids contact clarifiers that contain a sludge bed that attracts the solids in the 

wastewater. Combined clarifier overflow is neutralized as it is being transferred to sand filters. 

After the hydrochloric acid addition, the clarifier overflow passes through three sand filters 

operated in parallel. Each of the sand filters can handle 75 percent of the waste stream capacity. 

The target maximum TSS level for the sand filter effluent is 50 ppm; however, the plant tries to 

keep TSS below 20 ppm. The sand filters are continuous backwash gravity filters; the filter 

backwash is sent to the filtrate sump, and then transferred to the equalization tank. 

 The sludge from the clarifiers is transferred to a sludge storage tank. A portion of the 

clarifier sludge is recycled from the sludge storage tank to reaction tank 1, while the majority is 

pumped to a filter press for dewatering. Belews Creek achieves a solids concentration of 15 

percent in the sludge tank. The filter press cake is transferred to the fly ash landfill, and the 

filtrate is sent to the filtrate sump. Each filter press cycle produces an average of 28,000 pounds 

of filter cake. Belews Creek conducts approximately 10 filter press cycles per week. 

2.2.2 Biological Reactors 

 After physical/chemical separation, the wastewater flow to the bioreactor portion of the 

treatment system, consisting of 16 bioreactor cells. Belews Creek treats the wastewater in two 

stages. Each stage contains eight bioreactor cells, which are operated in parallel. Each cell 

contains an activated carbon bed. Within the activated carbon bed, specialized microbes fill the 

carbon voids and reduce the nitrogen and selenium in the wastewater. The microbes selected for 

the bioreactor system have the ability to reduce selenium to its elemental form, while other 

metals are precipitated as sulfide complexes. The wastewater from the sand filters is transferred 

to a holding tank prior to entering a heat exchanger to reduce the temperature from 

approximately 110°F to 95°F. As the wastewater flows from the heat exchanger to the first stage 

of bioreactor cells, Belews Creek adds nutrients (molasses-based), which provide a source of 

carbon to feed the bacteria. The wastewater is divided evenly among the eight first-stage cells. 

The flow to each cell is sent to 16 distribution pipes to evenly distribute the flow into the top of 

the cell. The water level in the cells is approximately three feet above the activated carbon bed. 

 Belews Creek operates the bioreactors to achieve a negative oxidation reduction potential 

within the system, which provides the optimum environment to reduce selenium to its elemental 

form. This reduction potential is controlled by the amount of nutrient that is fed to the system. 

The plant also controls the pH in the bioreactor cells to between 6.0 and 9.0 S.U. because 

extreme high or low pH levels could impact the performance of the microbes and potentially 

allow for non-desirable microbes to propagate. 

 The effluent from all eight first-stage bioreactor cells is transferred to the first-stage 

effluent storage area, where it is commingled. The wastewater is then transferred to the eight 
2-5

second-stage bioreactor cells, which are in parallel. Nutrients are added to the wastewater as feed 

for the microbes as the wastewater is transferred. As in the first stage, the wastewater is divided 

evenly among the eight second-stage cells and each cell has 16 distributor pipes to evenly 

distribute the flow into the cell. 

 Occasionally the bioreactor cells must be backflushed to remove accumulated solids. The 

plant pumps the effluent from the first-stage bioreactor cells backwards through each cell and it 

overflows into a spillover area. The plant then returns the backwash overflow to the equalization 

tank at the start of the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

 Because the first-stage bioreactor cells denitrify the waste stream, they produce nitrogen 

and carbon dioxide gas. To remove the gas from the cells, the plant occasionally performs a 

degassing operation where water is sent backwards through the cells, like a backflush, but the 

flush is only long enough for the gas to “burp” out of the system. The second-stage bioreactor 

cells are primarily anoxic and do not produce as much gas as the first-stage cells, requiring less 

frequent degassing than the first-stage cells. 

2.2.3 Constructed Wetlands 

 From the second stage of the biological treatment system, the wastewater enters the 

wetland supply tank, where cooling water from the heat exchanger is added to the wastewater 

before it enters the constructed wetland system. The wastewater is diluted to reduce the 

temperature and chlorides concentration. The ratio of cooling water to FGD wastewater is 1:1 

prior to entering the constructed wetland system. The plant can increase this dilution to a 2:1 

ratio to keep the chlorides level to approximately 4,000 ppm. From the wetlands supply tank, the 

wastewater enters the constructed wetland system. Figure 2-3 presents a simplified process flow 

diagram of the constructed wetlands treatment system2. 

 The first stage of the constructed wetlands system consists of two equalization basins that 

allow the wastewater to further cool. From the second basin, the wastewater is divided between 

two identical constructed wetland treatment trains operated in parallel. The first and second cells 

of each train contain primarily cattails. Belews Creek controls the water level in these cells by 

adding or removing wooden planks to the overflow weir to achieve a desired oxidation reduction 

potential. The water level in the cells is typically 12 to 15 inches deep. These cells are operated 

in an anoxic environment, which helps reduce the selenium and mercury to their elemental 

forms. 

 From the two cattail cells, the wastewater flows over rock cascades (third cell) and enters 

the fourth cells containing bulrush. After the bulrush cell, the wastewater flows over another 

cascade of rocks (fifth cell) and then the wastewater from the two trains are commingled and 

discharged to the ash basin. 

 

2

 Since the dates of the sampling episode, Belews Creek has rerouted the effluent from the FGD bioreactor system to 

bypass the constructed wetland treatment system and flow directly to the ash basin. The plant continues to use the 

heat exchanger cooling water to dilute the FGD wastewater prior to transferring it to the ash basin.. The constructed 

wetland treatment system now receives rainfall runoff from on-site FGD material storage areas and landfills and 

sewage treatment lagoon effluent. At the time of the sampling episode, the rerouting of the wastewater had not yet 

occurred; therefore, the constructed wetlands were still treating the FGD wastewater during the sampling episode.
2-6

 Each of the constructed wetlands cells is approximately 2.5 acres, has a geosynthetic clay 

liner, and contains13,000 plants. The plants prevent the wastewater from channeling through the 

cells, provide organic material, and also provide oxygen to the wastewater. Belews Creek has 

experienced some issues in the bulrush cells because the plants have not spread throughout the 

cell as expected, leaving open spaces within the cell. 

 The effluent from the constructed wetlands is sent to the ash pond where it is 

commingled with other waste streams. According to plant personnel, the treated FGD wastewater 

represents approximately one-sixth of the total flow discharge from the ash basin to the Dan 

River (i.e., the ash pond flow rate is five times larger than the treated FGD wastewater flow rate), 

via NPDES Outfall 003. 

2.2.4 Sampling Points 

 Figure 2-2 shows the sampling points for the Belews Creek sampling episode; they are 

summarized below: 

• A sample of the purge stream entering the FGD wastewater treatment system 

downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization tank (i.e., the 

sample was collected prior to any chemical addition or mixing with recycle 

streams); 

• An in-process sample of the influent to the bioreactor system, downstream of the 

sand filters and the holding tank and upstream of the heat exchanger; and 

• A sample of the effluent from the bioreactor downstream of the second-stage 

effluent storage area and upstream of the wetland supply tank. 

EPA did not collect samples of the constructed wetlands portion of the FGD wastewater 

treatment system. 
2-7 

Figure 2-1. Simplified Diagram of the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, Belews Cre
2-8 

FGD Scrubber Purge 

(from Purge Tank)

Lime

Polymer

Equalization 

Tank Reaction Tank 1 Reaction 

Tank 2

Reaction 

Tank 3

SP-1

SP-2

Indicates a Sampling Point

Ferric 

Chloride

Filter

2

Holding 

Tank

Clarifier 1

Sludge 

Storage 

Tank

Filter Press

Sump

Filter 

Backwash

Filter

1

Solids to Fly 

Wastewater Flow Ash Landfill

Sludge Flow

Intermittent Wastewater Flow

Clarifier 

Sludge

Mix 

Chamber

Clarifier 2

Filter

3

Cooling Water

Nutrie

First-Stage 

Bioreactors 

(8)

First-Stage 

Effluent 

Storage

Second-Stag

Bioreactors 

(8)

Second-Stage 

Effluent 

Storage

Wetland 

Supply Tank

To Co

Wetlan

Bio Reactor Backflush

Hydrochloric 

Acid

SP-3

Figure 2-2. Physical/Chemical Separation and Biological Reactor Portion of FGD Wastewater Treatme

Creek 
2-9 

1 – Cattails 2 – Cattails and Bulrush 3 – Rock cascade 4 – Bulrush 5 – Rock cascade 

Figure 2-3. Contructed Wetland Treatment System Portion of FGD Wastewater Treatment System, 

EQ AEQ B

1B 2B 3B 4B 5B 

1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 

Wetland Supply Tank 
3-1

3. SAMPLE COLLECTION

 During the Belews Creek sampling episode, the sampling team followed the collection 

protocols specified in the Sampling Plan. Section 3.1 describes the sampling points, sample 

collection methods, and field measurements. Section 3.2 describes the list of analytes and the 

sample preservation procedures. Section 3.3 discusses the plant operational data collected during 

the sampling episode. Finally, Section 3.4 discusses any deviations from the planned sampling 

activities. 

 Prior to the sampling episode, Belews Creek personnel notified the team that Unit 1 

would be reduced to 50 percent power generation in the morning of October 21, 2008, to replace 

a blower fan belt drive. To ensure that the FGD wastewater treatment system continued to 

operate at a constant flow rate of 400 gpm during the entire sampling episode (i.e., the typical 

flow rate through the system), Belews Creek personnel stored FGD scrubber purge in the 

equalization tank and maintenance tank prior to the sampling episode. Unit 1 came down to 50 

percent power generation at 1100 on October 21, 2008 and was operating at full load again in the 

evening of October 22, 2008. The feed to the FGD wastewater treatment system was constant 

during the sampling episode. 

3.1 Sampling Points, Sample Collection Methods, and Field Measurements

 This section describes the sampling points, sample collection methods, and field 

measurements. Additional details are available in Section 3 of the Sampling Plan. Figures 2-1, 2-

2, and 2-3 of this report present flow diagrams of the plant’s wastewater treatment system, 

including sampling point locations. 

 Table 3-1 lists the sampling points, sampling point descriptions, type of sample 

collection, sample collection dates and times, and the EPA Sample Control Center (SCC) sample 

numbers. Table 3-2 lists the sampling point numbers and descriptions, the number of samples 

collected, and the pollutant parameters for which the samples were analyzed. Table 3-3 presents 

the field measurement data collected from each sampling point. 

 The sampling points for this episode were: 

• SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System; 

• SP-2 Influent to Bioreactor System; 

• SP-3 Effluent from Bioreactor System; 

• SP-4 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3); 

• SP-5 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System (SP-1) Field Blank; 

• SP-6 Influent to Bioreactor System (SP-2) Field Blank; and 

• SP-7 Effluent from Bioreactor System (SP-3) Field Blank.

 For all the sampling points, EPA collected split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representative by inserting a “Y” splitter into the sample tubing configuration at each sampling 

point to allow for split sample collection. EPA collected all samples (other than the sample for 

hexane extractable material (HEM)/silica gel treated-HEM (SGT-HEM) analysis) at all sampling 

points as “true” splits (i.e., samples for the same analyte were collected simultaneously). The 

HEM/SGT-HEM samples were collected directly from a sample tap; therefore, for these 
3-2

samples, EPA and Belews Creek’s representative collected duplicate samples, with one filling 

the bottle immediately after the other. 

 At each of the sampling points, EPA collected low-level metals sample fractions 

following EPA Method 1669 collection protocols3. To collect these samples, EPA samplers 

donned Tyvek® suits and dust masks (dust masks were worn until all low-level mercury samples 

had been collected). In addition, EPA set up a “cleanbox,” which consists of a portable plastic 

rectangular box with a shallow lip and a flip-top lid that secures itself open with clips. The 

“cleanbox” is double-bagged with a clear inner bag, enclosed in a translucent outer bag. The 

“cleanbox” is handled using “clean hands / dirty hands” techniques, whereby the inner bag is 

handled only by the “clean hands” sampler. When the “cleanbox” is opened, the sampler is able 

to position his/her hands in the box and pull the bag over the opening of the box, but is still able 

to see the sample bottles and tubing. The “cleanbox” minimizes potential atmospheric 

contamination during sample collection. Figure D-1, in Appendix D, is a picture of a sampler 

working inside a “cleanbox.” 

 Sample bottles were also double-bagged. To collect samples, EPA placed the sample 

bottles (while still in its sealed inner bag) into the “cleanbox” following the protocols specified 

in Method 1669, also referred to as “clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. Sampling staff filled 

the sample container, then closed the sample bottle lid and sealed the inner bag as quickly as 

possible within the “cleanbox.” The bagged sample bottles were then removed from the 

“cleanbox” and placed into the outer bag following the “clean hands / dirty hands” protocols. 

3.1.1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System 

 The influent to FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1) was collected from a sample tap 

located on the wastewater piping downstream of the purge tank and upstream of the equalization 

tank. Figure 2-2 identifies the sampling location for SP-1. This sample was collected as a grab 

sample because, according to plant representatives, the wastewater characteristics of the purge to 

the wastewater treatment system are fairly consistent during the purge. 

 The sampling point was located outside, near the equalization tank. The sampling team 

did not set up a tent or tarps to cover the samplers/samples from rain and/or wind. There was no 

rain during the sample collection; however, the samplers did note that the wind was blowing at 

an estimated 10 mph during a portion of the sample collection time period. The wind was 

blowing from the FGD treatment plant towards the Belews Creek generating units; therefore, the 

sampling point was upwind of the generating units. 

 Prior to collecting the samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system 

(SP-1), the sampling team collected field blanks (SP-5) for low-level total mercury and low-level 

 

3

 EPA used several methods to analyze for metals during the Belews Creek sampling episode (see Section 3.2 for 

more details). For the purposes of sampling episode, EPA designated some of the methods as “routine” and some of 

them as “low-level.” EPA designated all of the methods that require the use of clean hands/dirty hands sample 

collection techniques (i.e., EPA Method 1669 sample collection techniques) as “low-level” methods. The “lowlevel” methods include EPA Methods 1631E, 1636, and 1638. The other methods used during the sampling episode 

were designated as “routine” methods and include EPA Methods 200.7, 200.8, and 218.6. The “routine” and “lowlevel” designations are not related to the level of quantitation that the methods can achieve; they are only related to 

the sample collection procedures required by the method. 
3-3

total metals. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection procedures at 

the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

 To collect the wastewater samples at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system, the samplers attached a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the sample tap on the 

wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” splitter, with two 

additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. Figure D-2, in Appendix D, is a 

picture of the tubing attached to the sample tap at the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. The samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and 

allowed sample to flow through the tubing for four minutes before beginning to fill sample 

containers. The samplers did not close the valve until all samples were collected (except 

HEM/SGT-HEM and the dissolved metals samples). 

 The samplers collected the low-level total metals samples in a “cleanbox,” as described in 

Section 3.1. Realizing that they had planned to first fill a 10-liter container with sample to be 

pumped off later for collection of low-level and routine dissolved metals sample fractions, the 

samplers filled the 10-liter container immediately after the low-level total metals sample. The 

filled 10-liter container was transported to the staging area by one of the team members to allow 

the solids in the wastewater to settle. The remainder of the sampling team stayed at the sampling 

point and continued sample collection. 

 Using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1, the samplers collected samples for the 

following analyses4: 

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury; 

• Routine total metals by 200.75; and 

• Routine total metals by 200.7 QC. 

The samplers then filled containers for biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), Group I, and Group 

II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” See Table 3-5 for a list of Group 

I and Group II analytes. To collect the HEM/SGT-HEM samples, they shut the valve for the 

sample tap, removed the tubing from the fitting, reopened the valve, and filled the sample bottles 

directly from the tap. HEM/SGT-HEM samples were collected directly from the tap because of 

concern that oil and grease in the wastewater may adhere to the sides of the sample tubing. 

 The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter, four-color pH 

paper, and a thermometer. The meter also provided a temperature reading. The four-color pH 

paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure that similar results were 

measured. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system. 

 

4

 The influent sample was also analyzed for two metals using a hydride generation/atomic fluorescence spectrometry 

method. See Section 3.4 for details. 

5

 The routine total metals 200.7 samples collected during the sampling episode also contained sample volume for 

analysis of mercury by EPA Method 245.1; however, the laboratory did not perform the mercury analysis. See 

Section 3.4 for more details. 
3-4

 Samples for the low-level and routine dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the 

previously filled 10-liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing 

attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. 

The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance 

downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to the 

capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. 

This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives. 

Figure D-3, in Appendix D, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

 Prior to collecting any dissolved metals samples of the FGD wastewater influent, the 

samplers collected a field blank sample (SP-5) for low-level dissolved metals. See Section 5.2.3 

for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the influent to the FGD 

wastewater treatment system. During the collection of the low-level dissolved metals field blank, 

a sampling team member dropped the filled sample bottle on the ground. The sample bottle was 

sealed in the inner bag, and the outer bag was around the inner bag, but the outer bag was not 

sealed closed. After dropping the sample bottle, the sampler quickly picked up the sample bottle 

and sealed the outer bag closed. 

 After collecting the field blank samples, the sampling team placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into the 10-liter container filled with wastewater from the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system. By this time, the solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 

70 minutes. 

 Approximately 2 liters of sample were pumped through the tubing and filter to purge the 

line before filling containers for the low-level dissolved metals, routine dissolved metals by 

200.7, routine dissolved metals by 200.7 QC, and routine hexavalent chromium analyses. 

3.1.2 Influent to Bioreactor System 

 The influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) was collected from a sample tap located on 

the wastewater piping downstream of the sand filters and holding tank and upstream of the heat 

exchanger, nutrient addition, and first-stage bioreactors. This tap was located inside the FGD 

wastewater treatment building (see Figure 2-2 for the sampling location for SP-2). At the time 

that sampling occurred, one of the clarifiers was out of service. This did not affect normal plant 

operations because Belews Creek has never operated more than one clarifier at a time. The 

influent to bioreactor sample was collected as a grab because EPA assumed that the wastewater 

would not vary over a short period of time due to the retention time of the physical/chemical 

operations. Because the sampling point was located inside, there were no wind or rain concerns 

during the sample collection. 

 The sampling team collected samples at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) on 

two different days during the sampling episode. The same sample collection techniques were 

used on both days of sampling; however, the analytes collected on the two days varied (see Table 

3-2). The following subsections document the exact procedures used to collect the samples for 

each of the two days of sampling at the influent to the bioreactor system. 
3-5

3.1.2.1 Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1 

 Prior to collecting the Day 1 samples at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the 

sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6) for low-level total mercury and low-level total 

metals. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the 

influent to the bioreactor system. 

 EPA collected the Day 1 samples by attaching a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the 

sample tap on the wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” 

splitter, with two additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. The samplers 

attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to flow 

through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample containers. The samplers did 

not close the valve until all samples were collected (except HEM/SGT-HEM and the dissolved 

metals samples). Figure D-4, in Appendix D, is a picture of the sampling set-up at the influent to 

the bioreactor system. 

 Using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1, the samplers collected samples for the 

following analyses: 

• Low-level total metals/total metals by Hydride Generation and Atomic 

Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS); 

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury; 

• Routine total metals by 200.7; and 

• Routine total metals by 200.8. 

Next, the samplers filled a 10-liter container with sample, which was used later to pump off the 

low-level and routine dissolved metals sample fractions. Once the 10-liter container was filled, 

one member of the sampling team transported the 10-liter container to the staging area to allow 

the solids in the wastewater to settle while the remainder of the sampling team stayed at the 

sampling point and continued sample collection. 

 After filling the 10-liter container, the samplers filled containers for the BOD5, Group I, 

and Group II samples directly from the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” To collect the 

HEM/SGT-HEM samples, the samplers shut the valve for the sample tap, removed the tubing 

from the fitting, reopened the valve, and filled the sample bottles directly from the tap. 

HEM/SGT-HEM samples were collected directly from the tap because of concern that oil and 

grease in the wastewater may adhere to the sides of the sample tubing. 

 The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter, four-color pH 

paper, and a thermometer. The meter also provided a temperature reading. The four-color pH 

paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure that similar results were 

measured. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the bioreactor 

system. 

 Samples for the low-level and routine dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the 

previously filled 10-liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing 

attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. 
3-6

The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance 

downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to the 

capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. 

This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives. 

Figure D-3, in Appendix D, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

 Prior to collecting any dissolved metals samples of the influent to the bioreactor system, 

the samplers collected field blank samples (SP-6) for low-level dissolved metals and low-level 

hexavalent chromium. See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the dissolved metals field blank 

sample collection at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

 After the field blank samples were collected, the samplers placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into the 10-liter container filled with wastewater from the influent to the bioreactor 

system. By this time, the solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 78 

minutes. 

 Approximately 1 liter of sample was pumped through the tubing and filter to purge the 

line before filling containers for the low-level dissolved metals, low-level hexavalent chromium, 

routine dissolved metals by 200.7, routine dissolved metals by 200.8, and routine hexavalent 

chromium analyses. 

3.1.2.2 Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 

 Prior to collecting the Day 2 samples at the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2), the 

sampling team collected field blanks (SP-6) for low-level total mercury. See Section 5.2.3 for a 

description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the influent to the bioreactor 

system. 

 EPA collected the Day 2 samples by attaching a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the 

sample tap on the wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” 

splitter, with two additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. The samplers 

attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, and allowed sample to flow 

through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample containers. The samplers did 

not close the valve until all samples were collected (except the dissolved metals samples). Figure 

D-4, in Appendix D, is a picture of the sampling set-up at the influent to the bioreactor system. 

 Using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1, the samplers collected samples for the 

following analyses: 

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury; 

• Total metals by HG-AFS; and 

• Routine total metals by 200.8. 

Next, the samplers filled a 10-liter container with sample, which was used later to pump off the 

low-level and routine dissolved metals sample fractions. Once the 10-liter container was filled, 

one member of the sampling team transported the 10-liter container to the staging area to allow 

the solids in the wastewater to settle while the remainder of the sampling team stayed at the 

sampling point and continued sample collection. After filling the 10-liter container, the samplers 
3-7

filled containers for the BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without 

using a “cleanbox.” 

 The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter, four-color pH 

paper, and a thermometer. The meter also provided a temperature reading. The four-color pH 

paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure that similar results were 

measured. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the influent to the bioreactor 

system. 

 Samples for low-level and routine dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the 

previously filled 10-liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing 

attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. 

The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance 

downstream of the pump. They then attached another short length of silicone tubing to the 

capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone tubing. 

This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s representatives. 

Figure D-3, in Appendix D, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

 The sampling team did not collect field blank samples at the pump-off station; however, 

Belews Creek’s representatives did collect field blank samples. Therefore, blank water was 

pumped through EPA’s portion of the tubing, but no field blank samples were collected. After 

Belews Creek’s representatives’ field blank samples were collected, the samplers placed the end 

of the Teflon® tubing into the 10-liter container filled with wastewater from the influent to the 

bioreactor system. By this time, the solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 

40 minutes. 

 Approximately 2 liters of sample were pumped through the tubing and filter to purge the 

line before filling containers for the dissolved metals by HG-AFS, routine dissolved metals by 

200.8, and routine hexavalent chromium analyses. 

3.1.3 Effluent from Bioreactor System 

 The effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) was collected from a sample tap located 

on the wastewater piping downstream of the second-stage bioreactor effluent storage tank and 

upstream of the wetlands supply tank. This tap was located inside the FGD wastewater treatment 

building (see Figure 2-2 for the sampling location). The effluent from the bioreactor sample was 

collected as a grab because all the wastewater entering the second-stage bioreactor effluent 

storage tank has been treated in the FGD wastewater treatment system and is discharged from the 

tank; therefore, EPA assumed the wastewater characteristics would not vary over a short period 

of time. Because the sampling point was located inside, there were no wind or rain concerns 

during the sample collection. 

 The sampling team collected samples at the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) on 

two different days during the sampling episode. The same sample collection techniques were 

used on both days of sampling; however, the analytes collected on the two days varied (see Table 

3-2). The following subsections document the exact procedures used to collect the samples for 

each of the two days of sampling at the effluent from the bioreactor system. 
3-8

3.1.3.1 Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1 

 Prior to collecting the Day 1 samples at the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), 

the sampling team collected field blanks (SP-7) for low-level total mercury, low-level total 

metals/total metals by HG-AFS, routine total metals by 200.7, and routine total metals by 200.8. 

See Section 5.2.3 for a description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the effluent 

from the bioreactor system. 

 EPA collected the Day 1 samples by attaching a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the 

sample tap on the wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” 

splitter, with two additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. Figure D-5, in 

Appendix D, is a picture of the tubing attached to the sample tap at the effluent from the 

bioreactor system. The samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, 

and allowed sample to flow through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample 

containers. The samplers did not close the valve until all samples were collected (except 

HEM/SGT-HEM and the dissolved metals samples). 

 Using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1, the samplers collected samples for the 

following analyses: 

• Low-level total metals/total metals by HG-AFS; 

• Low-level total metals/total metals by HG-AFS duplicate;

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury; 

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury duplicate; 

• Routine total metals by 200.7; 

• Routine total metals by 200.7 duplicate; 

• Routine total metals by 200.7 QC; 

• Routine total metals by 200.8; 

• Routine total metals by 200.8 duplicate; and 

• Routine total metals by 200.8 QC. 

Next, the samplers then filled two 10-liter containers with sample, which were used later to 

pump off the low-level and routine dissolved metals sample fractions. Once the 10-liter 

containers were filled, one member of the sampling team transported the 10-liter containers to 

the staging area to allow the solids in the wastewater to settle while the remainder of the 

sampling team stayed at the sampling point and continued sample collection. 

 After filling the 10-liter containers, the samplers filled containers for the BOD5, Group I, 

and Group II samples, as well as the QC and duplicates samples for each analyte, directly from 

the tubing without using a “cleanbox.” To collect the HEM/SGT-HEM and HEM/SGT-HEM QC 

samples, the samplers shut the valve for the sample tap, removed the tubing from the fitting, 

reopened the valve, and filled the sample bottles directly from the tap. HEM/SGT-HEM samples 

were collected directly from the tap because of concern that oil and grease in the wastewater may 

adhere to the sides of the sample tubing. 

 The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter, four-color pH 

paper, and a thermometer. The meter also provided a temperature reading. The four-color pH 
3-9

paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure that similar results were 

measured. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

 Samples for low-level and routine dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the 

previously filled 10-liter containers. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® 

tubing attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic 

pump. The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short 

distance downstream of the pump. The sampling team attached another short length of silicone 

tubing to the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of 

silicone tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representatives. Figure D-3, in Appendix D, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

 Prior to collecting any dissolved metals samples of the effluent from the bioreactor 

system, the samplers collected field blank samples (SP-7) for low-level dissolved 

metals/dissolved metals by HG-AFS, low-level hexavalent chromium, routine dissolved metals 

by 200.7, routine dissolved metals by 200.8, and routine hexavalent chromium. See Section 5.2.3 

for a description of the dissolved metals field blank sample collection at the effluent from the 

bioreactor system. 

 After the field blank samples were collected, the samplers placed the end of the Teflon® 

tubing into one of the 10-liter container filled with wastewater from the effluent to the bioreactor 

system. By this time, the solids in the wastewater had been settling for approximately 80 

minutes. 

 Approximately 2 liters of sample were pumped through the tubing and filter to purge the 

line before filling containers for the low-level dissolved metals/dissolved metals by HG-AFS and 

low-level hexavalent chromium analyses, as well as the duplicate analyses for each analyte. 

Next, the samplers placed the end of the Teflon® tubing into the other 10-liter container, 

installed a new capsule filter, and pumped approximately 1 liter of sample through the tubing and 

filter before filling containers for the routine dissolved metals by 200.7 and routine dissolved 

metals by 200.8 analyses, as well as the QC and duplicate analyses for each analyte. Finally, the 

samplers placed the end of the Teflon® tubing back into the first 10-liter container and filled 

containers for the routine hexavalent chromium analysis and the QC and duplicate routine 

hexavalent chromium analyses. 

3.1.3.2 Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 

 Prior to collecting the Day 2 samples at the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3), 

the sampling team collected field blanks (SP-7) for low-level total mercury. See Section 5.2.3 for 

a description of the field blank sample collection procedures at the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

 EPA collected the Day 2 samples by attaching a 10-foot length of silicone tubing to the 

sample tap on the wastewater piping. The end of the silicone tubing was fitted with a “Y” 

splitter, with two additional lengths of silicone tubing attached to the “Y” splitter. Figure D-5, in 

Appendix D, is a picture of the tubing attached to the sample tap at the effluent from the 

bioreactor system. The samplers attached the silicone tubing to the sample tap, opened the valve, 
3-10

and allowed sample to flow through the tubing for two minutes before beginning to fill sample 

containers. The samplers did not close the valve until all samples were collected (except the 

dissolved metals samples). 

 Using a “cleanbox,” as described in Section 3.1, the samplers collected samples for the 

following analyses: 

• Low-level total and dissolved mercury; 

• Total metals by HG-AFS; and 

• Routine total metals by 200.8. 

Next, the samplers filled a 10-liter container with sample, which was used later to pump off the 

low-level and routine dissolved metals sample fractions. Once the 10-liter container was filled, 

one member of the sampling team transported the 10-liter container to the staging area to allow 

the solids in the wastewater to settle while the remainder of the sampling team stayed at the 

sampling point and continued sample collection. After filling the 10-liter container, the samplers 

filled containers for the BOD5, Group I, and Group II samples directly from the tubing without 

using a “cleanbox.” 

 The sampling team collected an aliquot of sample for field testing. Sample pH and 

temperature were measured immediately at the sampling point using a pH meter, four-color pH 

paper, and a thermometer. The meter also provided a temperature reading. The four-color pH 

paper was used as an independent check of the pH meter to ensure that similar results were 

measured. Table 3-3 presents the field measurement data for the effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

 Samples for low-level and routine dissolved metals analyses were pumped from the 

previously filled 10-liter container. The pump-off station consisted of a length of Teflon® tubing 

attached to a length of silicone tubing, which was threaded through an ISCO peristaltic pump. 

The sampling team attached a capsule filter to the silicone tubing, which was a short distance 

downstream of the pump. The sampling team attached another short length of silicone tubing to 

the capsule filter effluent, which was attached to a “Y” splitter and two lengths of silicone 

tubing. This set-up allowed EPA to collect “true” split samples with Belews Creek’s 

representatives. Figure D-3, in Appendix D, is a picture of the set-up at the pump-off station. 

 The sampling team did not collect field blank samples at the pump-off station; however, 

Belews Creek’s representatives did collect field blank samples. Therefore, blank water was 

pumped through EPA’s portion of the tubing, but no field blank samples were collected. After 

Belews Creek’s representatives’ field blank samples were collected, the samplers placed the end 

of the Teflon® tubing into the 10-liter container filled with wastewater from the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. By this time, the solids in the wastewater had been settling for 

approximately 40 minutes. 

 Approximately 2 liters of sample were pumped through the tubing and filter to purge the 

line before filling containers for the dissolved metals by HG-AFS, routine dissolved metals by 

200.8, and routine hexavalent chromium analyses. 
3-11

3.2 List of Analytes and Sample Preservation

 Samples collected at Belews Creek were analyzed for the following pollutants: 

• Classicals: 

— Biochemical oxygen demand, 5-day (BOD5), 

— Chemical oxygen demand (COD), 

— Total suspended solids (TSS), 

— Total dissolved solids (TDS), 

— Sulfate, 

— Chloride, 

— Total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), 

— Ammonia as nitrogen, 

— Nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, 

— Total phosphorus, 

— n-hexane extractable material (HEM), and 

— Silica gel treated n-hexane extractable material (SGT-HEM); 

• Metals: 

— Routine total metals by EPA Methods 200.7 (22 metals: aluminum, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, 

chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, 

selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc),

— Routine dissolved metals by EPA Methods 200.7 (22 metals), 

— Routine total metals by EPA Method 200.8 (22 metals: aluminum, 

antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, 

chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, 

selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc)6, 

— Routine dissolved metals by EPA Method 200.8 (22 metals)5, 

— Routine hexavalent chromium, 

— Total metals by HG-AFS (2 metals: arsenic and selenium), 

— Dissolved metals by HG-AFS (2 metals), 

— Low-level total mercury, 

— Low-level dissolved mercury, 

— Low-level hexavalent chromium, 

— Low-level total metals (11 metals: antimony, arsenic, cadmium, 

chromium, copper, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, zinc)7, and 

— Low-level dissolved metals (11 metals)6. 

 The analytes selected reflect the current understanding of coal-fired power plant air 

pollution control wastewaters, including contributions from coal, scrubber sorbents, treatment 

chemicals, and other sources. Table 3-4 lists the analytical methods used to determine pollutant 

concentrations. 

 

6

 Analysis was performed using EPA Method 200.8 both with and without a DRC; however, the analysis with the 

DRC produced results only for arsenic, chromium, iron, manganese, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc. 

7

 Analysis was performed using EPA Method 1638 both with and without a DRC; however, the analysis with the 

DRC produced results only for arsenic, chromium, nickel, selenium and zinc. 
3-12

 Table 3-5 lists the containers used for sample collection as well as the preservation 

requirements for each sample. Table 3-6 summarizes the chemical preservation for each of the 

samples that were preserved on site. The sampling team preserved samples in accordance with 

procedures described in Section 3.4 of the Sampling Plan. Immediately following sample 

collection, the samplers placed the BOD5, Group I, Group II, HEM/SGT-HEM, routine 

hexavalent chromium, and low-level hexavalent chromium samples on ice to cool the samples to 

<6°C. The sampling team did not place on ice the samples for analysis by routine metals by 

200.7, routine metals by 200.8, metal by HG-AFS, low-level mercury, or low-level metals 

(including total and dissolved samples). All dissolved metals samples, except low-level dissolved 

mercury, were filtered in the field. The routine and low-level hexavalent chromium samples were 

preserved in the field, but all other metals samples were acid-preserved prior to extraction at the 

laboratory. The low-level hexavalent chromium sample bottles were prepreserved with 2 mL of 

50-percent NaOH. The Group II and HEM/SGT-HEM samples were preserved with sulfuric acid 

to a pH of <2 immediately after collection in the staging area, and the pH was confirmed with 

four-color pH strips. 

3.3 Plant Operational Data

 During the EPA sampling episode, Belews Creek plant personnel provided the sampling 

team with operational data for each of the generating units, the FGD scrubber system, and the 

ash collection system, as well as operational and flow data for the FGD wastewater treatment 

system. Table 3-7 presents the unit operating characteristics, Table 3-8 presents the FGD 

scrubber system operating characteristics, Table 3-9 presents the FGD wastewater treatment 

system operating characteristics, and Table 3-10 presents the ash system operating 

characteristics. 

 As noted at the beginning of this section, Unit 1 operated at 50-percent power generation 

from 1100 on October 21, 2008, until the evening of October 22, 2008, because the plant needed 

to replace a blower fan belt drive. See Page 3-1 for more details on how the operational changes 

affected the sampling episode. 

3.4 Deviations from the Sampling and Analysis Plan

 The sampling episode proceeded as specified in the Sampling Plan with the exceptions 

described below: 

• Belews Creek’s Use of Organosulfide in the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System. When EPA conducted the site visit at Belews Creek on March 12, 2008, 

Belews Creek was using organosulfide in the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

When EPA arrived at Belews Creek on October 20, 2008 for the sampling 

episode, plant personnel informed EPA that Belews Creek no longer uses 

organosulfide in the FGD wastewater treatment system. 

• Sample Collection Order at Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment (SP-1). 

For the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), EPA planned to 

fill the 10-liter container after collecting all the total metals field blanks and 

before collecting any low-level metals samples. However, the sampling team 

collected the low-level total metals samples prior to filling the 10-liter containers. 
3-13

• Dissolved Metals Sample Filtration Time. EPA planned to filter the dissolved 

metals samples approximately 15 minutes after filling the 10-liter container with 

sample, except for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system, which 

was expect to be filtered 60 minutes after filling the 10-liter container. The 

following shows the planned and actual times between collecting the sample in 

the 10-liter container to the filtration of the samples: 

Sampling Point Planned Time Actual Time 

Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 60 70 

Influent to Bioreactor, Day 1 15 78 

Influent to Bioreactor, Day 2 15 47 

Effluent from Bioreactor, Day 1 15 80 

Effluent from Bioreactor, Day 2 15 41 

• Preservation of Routine Hexavalent Chromium. EPA planned to preserve the 

routine hexavalent chromium samples to a pH of between 9.3 and 9.7 using an 

ammonium sulfate buffer solution; however, for one of the samples, preservation 

was discontinued because the sample bottle became too full and additional 

preservative could not be added to the sample bottle. The sample reached a pH of 

8.7 before preservation was stopped. Additionally, while preserving one of the 

routine hexavalent chromium samples, the sampler accidentally touched the 

aqueous sample with a finger. The sampler was wearing gloves. After touching 

the sample, the sampler finished preserving the sample to the required pH. EPA 

does not expect that the sampler’s gloves contained any chromium and therefore, 

EPA does not expect that this affects the result of the analysis. 

• Laboratory Performing BOD5 Analysis. In the sampling plan, EPA identified 

Agriculture & Priority Pollutants Laboratories, Inc. (APPL) as the laboratory that 

would perform all the classical analyses, including BOD5. Instead of APPL, 

Columbia Analytical Services, located in Kelso, WA, performed the analyses for 

all of the BOD5 samples collected at Belews Creek. 

• Analysis of Mercury by EPA Method 245.1. During the sampling episode, EPA 

collected samples for analysis by EPA Method 200.7 and EPA Method 245.1 at 

the influent to FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), influent to bioreactor 

system, Day 1 (SP-2), effluent from the bioreactor system, Day 1 (SP-3), and 

duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-4). EPA shipped these 

samples to the laboratory and the laboratory performed the analysis for all the 

metals specified for EPA Method 200.7; however, the laboratory did not analyze 

the samples by EPA Method 245.1. Therefore, EPA did not receive any analytical 

results for mercury by EPA Method 245.1 from the sampling episode. 

• Additional Analytes Analyzed Using Dynamic Reaction Cell (DRC). In the 

sampling plan, EPA identified that several of the analytes analyzed by EPA 

Methods 200.8 and 1638 would be analyzed both with and without the use of a 

DRC; however, the laboratory performing the analyses provided results for 

additional analytes that were analyzed using a DRC. The following table presents 
3-14

the analytes EPA had anticipated analyzing using a DRC, as well as the additional 

analytes for which the laboratory performed the analyses: 

EPA Method 200.8 EPA Method 1638 

Analytes EPA Planned to have 

Laboratory Analyze Using DRC

Arsenic, chromium, 

iron, nickel, and 

selenium 

Arsenic, chromium, 

nickel, and selenium 

Additional Analytes Laboratory 

Analyzed Using DRC 

Manganese, vanadium, 

and zinc 

Zinc 

• Field Blank and Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment System Sample 

Analyses by HG-AFS. EPA collected a field blank sample at the effluent from 

the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 1, which EPA planned to analyze using HGAFS for arsenic and selenium. Additionally, EPA collected a field blank sample at 

the same sampling point, which was analyzed using EPA Method 1638 for arsenic 

and selenium. Because the arsenic and selenium field blank results for the sample 

using EPA Method 1638 were not detected above the report limit, EPA 

determined that there was no sample contamination for arsenic and selenium at 

the sampling point. Therefore, EPA determined that it was not necessary to 

perform the HG-AFS analysis for the field blank for Day 1 of the effluent from 

the bioreactor system. As a result, EPA had the availability to perform an 

additional analysis using HG-AFS. EPA chose to analyze the influent to the FGD 

wastewater treatment system (SP-1) using HG-AFS, which was not originally 

included in the sampling plan. 
3-15

Table 3-1. Sample Collection Information, Belews Creek 

Sampling 

Point Number Sampling Point Description 

Type of 

Sample 

Sample Collection 

Date and Time SCC Number

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System 

Grab 10/21/2008 

1022 a and 1132 b 

71520 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1 Grab 10/21/2008 

0658 a and 0823 b

SP-2 71521 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 Grab 10/22/2008 

0644 a and 0743 b

71522 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1 Grab 10/22/2008 

1054 a and 1239 b

SP-3 71523 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 Grab 10/23/2008 

1054 a and 1144 b

71524 

SP-4 Duplicate of Effluent from Bioreactor 

System 

Grab 10/22/2008 

1054 a and 1239 b

71525 

SP-5 Influent to FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System Field Blank 

Grab 10/21/2008 

1004 a and 1127 b

71526 

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 1 

Grab 10/21/2008 

0639 a and 0814 b 

SP-6 71527 

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank 

– Day 2 

Grab 10/22/2008 

0628 a

71528 

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 1 

Grab 10/22/2008 

1036 a and 1226 b

SP-7 71529 

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field 

Blank – Day 2 

Grab 10/23/2008 

1043 a 

71530 

a

 Collection of the total metals samples (routine total metals by 200.7, routine total metals by 200.8, total metals by 

HG-AFS, low-level total metals), low-level total and dissolved mercury, and classicals (if the analyte was specified 

for collection at the specific sampling point; see Table 3-2). 

b

 Collection of the dissolved metals samples (routine dissolved metals by 200.7, routine dissolved metals by 200.8, 

routine hexavalent chromium, dissolved metals by HG-AFS, low-level dissolved metals, low-level hexavalent 

chromium), if the analyte was specified for collection at the specific sampling point (see Table 3-2). Does not 

include low-level dissolved mercury. 
3-16 

Table 3-2. Number of Samples Collected by Sampling Point, Belews Creek 

Sampling 

Point 

Number Sampling Point Name 

Low-Level Total Metals 

(11 Analytes) 

a 

Low-Level Dissolved Metals (11 

Analytes) 

a 

Low-Level Total Mercury 

Low-Level Dissolved Mercury 

Low-Level Hexavalent 

Chromium 

Routine Total Metals by 200.7 

(22 Analytes) 

Routine Dissolved Metals by 

200.7 (22 Analytes) 

Routine Total Metals by 200.8 

(22 Analytes) 

b

Routine Dissolved Metals by 

200.8 (22 Analytes) 

b

Total Metals by HG-AFS 

Dissolved Metals by HG-AFS 

BOD5

SP-1 Influent to FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System 

1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1e 

1e 1 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1e 

1e SP-2 1 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2 

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1 

1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QC 1+1QCe 1+1QCe SP-3 1+1QC 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2 

 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

SP-4 Duplicate of Effluent from 

Bioreactor System 

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1e 

1e 1 

SP-5 Influent to FGD Wastewater 

Treatment System Field Blank 

1 1 1 

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank – Day 1 

SP-6 1 1 1 1 

Influent to Bioreactor System Field Blank – Day 2 

 1 

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank – Day 1 

SP-7 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 

Effluent from Bioreactor System Field Blank – Day 2 

 1 

Total Number of Samples 7+2QC 7+2QC 11+2QC 6+2QC 5+1QC 5+2QC 5+2QC 6+1QC 6+1QC 6+1QC 6+1QC 6+1QC 6

a Sample used for analysis both with and without a DRC. The analysis with the DRC produced results for five metals analytes (i.e., arsenic, chromium, nickb Sample used for analysis both with and without a DRC. The analysis with the DRC produced results for eight metal analytes (i.e., arsenic, chromium, iron

vanadium, and zinc). 

c Group I includes total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), sulfate and chloride. 

d Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and total phosphorus. e The sample volume for these analyses was taken from the respective low-level total metals or low-level dissolved metals sample bottles. 
3-17 

Table 3-3. Field Measurements, Belews Creek 

Temperature 

(°C) pH (S.U.) 

Sampling 

Point 

Number 

Sampling Point 

Description 

Date and 

Time Meter Thermometer Meter a Strips 

Waste 

Stream Flow 

Rate (GPM) 

SP-1 Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment System

10/21/2008 

1037 

37.5 40 6.75 7 489 b Samplers n

a dark grayappeared to 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 1

10/21/2008 

0719 

30.2 33 8.19 8 379 c Samples w

had a sulfuany observ

SP-2 

Influent to Bioreactor System – Day 2

10/22/2008 

0659 

29.7 32 7.40 7 399 d Samples ha

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 1

10/22/2008 

1125 

26.6 29 7.51 7 355 e SP-3 

Effluent from Bioreactor System – Day 2

10/23/2008 

1105 

28.3 30 7.28 7 378 f 

Samples wcloudiness

a The pH meter was calibrated prior to sample collection on October 21, 22, and 23, 2008, using prepackaged buffer solutions at pH 4.0b Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1000 to 1100 on 10/21/08 (time of sample collection). c Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 0630 to 0730 on 10/21/08 (time of sample collection). d Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 0630 to 0715 on 10/22/08 (time of sample collection). e Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1030 to 1200 on 10/22/08 (time of sample collection). f Based on average of flow meter measurements collected every minute from 1030 to 1115 on 10/23/08 (time of sample collection). 
3-18

Table 3-4. Analytical Methods and Procedures for Samples Collected at Belews Creek 

Method Number Parameter Method Type 

Classicals 

SM 5210 B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) Probe 

SM 5220 C Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) Titrimetric 

SM 2540 D Total Suspended Solids (TSS) Gravimetric 

SM 2540 C Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) Gravimetric 

ASTM D516-90 Sulfate Turbidimetric 

SM 4500–Cl–C Chloride Titrimetric, mercuric nitrate 

SM 4500—NH3 B, F 

(18th ed.) 

Ammonia as Nitrogen Distillation, potentiometric 

SM 4500—NO3 -H Nitrate/Nitrate as Nitrogen Autoanalyzer 

SM 4500—NH3 B or 

C, F (18th ed.) 

Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) Digestion, distillation, 

potentiometric 

EPA 365.3 (Rev 

1978) 

Total phosphorus Digestion, spectrophotometric 

EPA 1664A Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) Gravimetric 

EPA 1664A Silica Gel Treated Hexane Extractable Material (SGTHEM) Gravimetric 

Metals 

EPA 1631 Mercury in Water by Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and 

Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry 

Oxidation, Purge and Trap, and 

CVAFS 

EPA 1636 Determination of Hexavalent Chromium by Ion 

Chromatography 

Ion Chromatography 

EPA 1638 Determination of Trace Elements in Ambient Waters by 

Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectroscopy (with 

and without dynamic reaction cell or collision cell) 

ICP/MS 

Frontier Geosciences 

Method 055 

(modified SM 3114) 

Determination of Selenium Species in Various Matrices 

by Hydride Generation- Atomic Fluorescence 

Spectrometry 

HG-AFS 

Frontier Geosciences 

Method 059 

(modified SM 3114) 

Determination of Total Reducible Arsenic in Water and 

Solid Extracts by Hydride Generation – Atomic 

Fluorescence Spectrometry 

HG-AFS 

EPA 200.7 Metals by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic 

Emission Spectrometry 

ICP 

EPA 200.8 Determination of Trace Elements in Waters and Wastes 

by Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry 

(with & without dynamic reaction cell or collision cell) 

ICP/MS 

EPA 218.6 Hexavalent Chromium Colorimetric 

CVAFS – Cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

ICP/MS – Inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry. 

HG-AFS – Hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry. 

ICP – Inductively coupled plasma. 

CVAA – Cold vapor atomic adsorption.
3-19

Table 3-5. Summary of Sample Container and Planned Preservation, Belews Creek 

Parameter Sample Container and Volume On-Site Preservation 

Classicals 

BOD5 One 1-L plastic bottle ≤6

oC 

Group I a Two 1-L plastic bottle ≤6

oC 

Group II b Two 1-L plastic bottle H2SO4 to pH <2, ≤6

oC 

HEM/SGT-HEM Two 1-L wide mouth glass jar H2SO4 to pH <2, ≤6

oC 

Metals 

Routine total metals by 200.7, 22 

element quantitation (Method 200.7) 

One 500-mL plastic bottle None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine dissolved metals by 200.7, 22 

element quantitation (Method 200.7) 

One 500-mL plastic bottle 0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine total metals by 200.8, 22 

element quantitation (Method 200.8) c

One 500-mL plastic bottle None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine dissolved metals by 200.8, 22 

element quantitation (Method 200.8) c

One 500-mL plastic bottle 0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Routine hexavalent chromium One 250-mL plastic bottle 0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

Ammonium sulfate buffer to 

pH 9.3 – 9.7, ≤6

oC 

Total metals by HG-AFS One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Dissolved metals by HG-AFS One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

 (acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level total mercury (Method 1631) One 250-mL glass (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level dissolved mercury (Method 

1631) 

Two 250-mL glass (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

None 

(acid preserve and filter at 

laboratory) 

Low-level total elements by ICP/MS (11 

elements, Method 1638) c 

One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

None 

(acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level dissolved elements by 

ICP/MS (11 elements, Method 1638) c 

Two 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

 (acid preserve at laboratory) 

Low-level hexavalent chromium 

(Method 1636) 

One 250-mL LDPE (ultraclean), 

fluoropolymer lined caps 

0.45 μm filter (performed in field) 

2 mL 50% NaOH per 250 mL 

sample (performed in field), ≤6

oC 

a

 Group I includes TSS, TDS, sulfate, and chloride. 

b

 Group II includes ammonia as nitrogen, nitrate/nitrite as nitrogen, TKN, COD and total phosphorus. 

c

 Analysis of the sample was performed both with and without a DRC. Sample used for both analyses was taken 

from the same bottle. The DRC was used for a limited analyte list. 
a

 Preservation of this sample was stopped because the bottle became too full and additional preservative could not be 

added to the sample bottle. 

b

 During the preservation of this sample, the sampler accidentally placed a finger into the sample bottle and touched 

the sample. The sampler was wearing gloves at the time the sample was touched. After touching the sample, the 

sampler finished preserving the sample to the required pH. EPA does not expect that the sampler’s gloves contained

any chromium and therefore, EPA does not expect that this affects the result of the analysis. 

3-20 

Table 3-6. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek 

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added Initial pH Final pH

Amount 

Added 

71521 Group II V1 10/21/2008 H2SO4 8.5 2 25 

71520 Group II V1 10/21/2008 H2SO4 6.5 2 20 

71521 Group II V2 10/21/2008 H2SO4 8.5 2 25 

71520 Group II V2 10/21/2008 H2SO4 6.5 2 20 

71520 HEM/SGT-HEM V1 10/21/2008 H2SO4 6.5 2 25 

71521 HEM/SGT-HEM V1 10/21/2008 H2SO4 8.5 2 30 

71521 HEM/SGT-HEM V2 10/21/2008 H2SO4 8.5 2 30 

71520 HEM/SGT-HEM V2 10/21/2008 H2SO4 6.5 2 25 

71520 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/21/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 8.7 130 a 

71521 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/21/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

8.3 9.5 250 

71522 Group II V1 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.4 2 30 

71522 Group II V2 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.4 2 30 

71522 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/22/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7.4 9.3 400 b 

71523 Group II V1 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71523 Group II V2 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71525 Group II V1 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71525 Group II V2 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71523 Group II MS/MSD V1 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71523 Group II MS/MSD V2 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71523 Group II MS/MSD V3 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 20 

71523 HEM/SGT-HEM V1 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 25 

71523 HEM/SGT-HEM V2 10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 25 

71523 HEM/SGT-HEM MS/MSD 

V1 

10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 25 

71523 HEM/SGT-HEM MS/MSD 

V2 

10/22/2008 H2SO4 7.5 2 25 

71523 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/22/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7.5 9.3 250 

71525 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/22/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7.5 9.3 250 

71523 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium MS/MSD 

10/22/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7.5 9.3 250 
a

 Preservation of this sample was stopped because the bottle became too full and additional preservative could not be 

added to the sample bottle. 

b

 During the preservation of this sample, the sampler accidentally placed a finger into the sample bottle and touched 

the sample. The sampler was wearing gloves at the time the sample was touched. After touching the sample, the 

sampler finished preserving the sample to the required pH. EPA does not expect that the sampler’s gloves contained

any chromium and therefore, EPA does not expect that this affects the result of the analysis. 

3-21 

Table 3-6. Sample Preservation Summary, Belews Creek 

Sampling Point 

Number Analysis Date 

Chemical 

Added Initial pH Final pH

Amount 

Added 

71529 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/22/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

6.5 9.3 100 

71524 Group II V1 10/23/2008 H2SO4 7.3 2 30 

71524 Group II V2 10/23/2008 H2SO4 7.3 2 30 

71524 Routine Hexavalent 

Chromium 

10/23/2008 Ammonium 

Sulfate Buffer 

7.3 9.3 400 
3-22 

Table 3-7. Generating Unit Operating Characteristics during Sample Collection, Belews C

Unit 

ID 

Boiler 

Type Coal Type 

Amount 

of Coal 

Used (tpd) 

Source of 

Coal (Coal 

Region 

and/or State)

Percent 

Sulfur in 

Coal (%) 

Chlorine 

Content of 

Coal 

(ppm) 

Capacity 

(MW) 

Electricity 

Production (or 

Percent 

Capacity) 

SCR 

(No, On, 

Off) 

1 Opposed 

firing 

Eastern bituminous 

8,621 a Pelver, KY 

and 

Colmont, WV 

0.98 

(0.83 lbs. 

S/mmBTU)

1526 1200 600 (50% on 

10/21 and 10/22) b 

1180 

(98% on 10/23) 

On 

2 Opposed 

firing 

Eastern bituminous 

8,621 a Pelver, KY 

and 

Colmont, WV 

0.98 

(0.83 lbs. 

S/mmBTU)

1526 1200 1180 

(98%) 

On 

a Daily coal usage the week prior to the sampling episode. b At approximately 1100 on 10/21/08, Unit 1 came down to 50% power generation to replace a blower fan belt drive. Unit 1 came back evening of 10/22/08. The sampling episode began on October 21 and ended on October 23. CS ESP – Cold-side electrostatic precipitator. 
3-23 

Table 3-8. FGD Scrubber System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek 

Unit 

ID 

Type of 

Scrubber Sorbent 

Additives (DBA, 

Formic Acid, etc.)

FGD Make-up 

Water Source 

SO2 Removal 

Percentage 

(%) 

Forced 

Oxidation 

(Yes/No) 

Percent Sol

Absorber Blo

(%) 

1 Spray Limestone None Belews Lake ~96 Yes 15 - 17 2 Spray Limestone None Belews Lake ~96 Yes 15 – 17 
3-24

Table 3-9. FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operating Characteristics, Belews Creek 

FGD Solids Dewatering (for last cycle prior to sampling or while sampling)

Scrubber slurry blowdown flow rate 230 gpm/unit (weekly average as if continuous) 

Scrubber slurry blowdown duration 125 minutes (typical) 

Scrubber slurry blowdown percent solids 15% – 17% 

Dewatering cycle frequency 5 times daily 

Time since last cycle Dewatering during sampling 

Percent filtrate recycled back to scrubber ~95% 

FGD Wastewater Treatment System Operation During Sample Collection

Scrubber purge flow rate 489 gpm a 

Scrubber purge duration 18 hours/day (typical) 

Scrubber purge percent solids 0.8% (typical) 

Lime addition 1,507 tons (week prior to sampling) 

Ferric chloride addition Continuously added to maintain concentration of 47 ppm in 

Reaction Tank 3 

Polymer addition (Nalco 71307) Continuously added to maintain concentration of 8 ppm in mix 

chamber 

Hydrochloric acid addition 2,479 gallons (week prior to sampling – added continuously) 

Amount of solids generated 420,000 tons (week prior to sampling)

Influent to bioreactor flow rate 379 and 399 gpm b 

Effluent from bioreactor flow rate 355 and 378 gpm c 

Duration of effluent from bioreactor Continuous 

Retention time of equalization tank 7.0 hours d

Retention time of reaction tanks Total time: 2.0 hours 

Retention time of clarifier 17.1 hours e 

Retention time of first-stage bioreactors 11.5 hours e 

Retention time second-stage bioreactors 10.1 hours e

Total retention time of the phys/chem system 24.0 hours e 

Total retention time of the bioreactor system 37.3 hours e, f

a

 489 gpm is the average of recorded flow rate measurements of the FGD purge influent to the equalization tank and 

maintenance tank taken every minute from 1000 to 1100 on 10/21/08 (time of sample collection); however, the plant 

typically transfers the scrubber purge to the wastewater treatment system at a flow rate of 350 to 600 gpm for 18 

hours/day, with an average total daily volume of 489,000 gallons. The week prior to the sampling episode, the 

average scrubber purge flow rate was 358 gpm assuming a continuous flow. 

b

 379 gpm is the average of the recorded flow rate measurements of the influent to the bioreactor taken every minute 

from 0630 to 0730 on 10/21/08 (time of sample collection for Day 1) and 399 gpm is the average of the recorded 

flow rate measurements taken every minute from 0630 to 0715 on 10/22/08 (time of sample collection for Day 2). 

The week prior to the sampling episode, the average flow rate into the bioreactor system was 381 gpm. 

c

 355 gpm is the average of the recorded flow rate measurements of the effluent from the bioreactor taken every

minute from 1030 to 1200 on 10/22/08 (time of sample collection for Day 1) and 378 gpm is the average of the 

recorded flow rate measurements taken every minute from 1030 to 1115 on 10/23/08 (time of sample collection for 

Day 2). The week prior to the sampling episode, the average flow rate out of the bioreactor system was 359 gpm. 

d

 7.0 hour retention time is based on equalization tank and maintenance tank operating, which occurred during the 

sampling episode. Typically only the equalization tank is in operation. 

e

 Typical values, and as operating during sampling episode. 

f

 The total retention time for the bioreactor system is not equal to the sum of the retention times for the first- and 

second-stage bioreactors because the bioreactor system includes two first-stage transfer compartments, both of 

which have a volume of approximately 100,000 gallons. 
3-25 

Table 3-10. Ash System Operating Characteristics During Sample Collection, Belews Cr

Fly Ash System Bottom Ash System 

Unit 

ID 

Fly Ash 

Generation 

(tph) 

Fly Ash 

Sluice Water 

Flow Rate 

(gph) 

a

Source of Fly 

Ash Sluice 

Water 

Sluice Cycle 

Duration and 

Frequency 

Continuous 

Sluicing 

(Yes/No) 

Bottom 

Ash 

Generation 

(tph) 

Bottom Ash 

Sluice 

Water Flow 

Rate (gph) 

Source of 

Bottom Ash 

Sluice Water 

S

F

1 42 Can sluice at 

96,000 gph; 

typically 

operates dry 

Belews Lake During 

sampling: 30 

min, 2x/day 

No 4.6 146,700 Belews Lake 

2 42 Can sluice at 

96,000 gph; 

typically 

operates dry 

Belews Lake Did not sluice 

during 

sampling 

No 4.6 146,700 Belews Lake 

a The units are typically operated using a dry system; however, the plant does sluice during start up and shutdown of the units. During t

plant was sluicing fly ash from Unit 1. 
4-1 

4. LABORATORY ANALYTICAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

 This section summarizes the laboratory results of analyses of samples for the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system and the influent to and effluent from the bioreactor 

system. 

 Appendix A provides all analytical results for all samples collected at Belews Creek, 

including all qualified results and all results that were measured above the method detection 

limit, but below the reporting limit (i.e., J-values). Appendix B presents the analytical results in a 

format similar to that used for this section, but with the J-values shown (J-values are not included 

in the tables presented in Section 4). 

 Table 4-1 presents the results of analyzing the samples for classical pollutants at each of 

the following sampling points: 

• Influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1);

• Influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 1; 

• Influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 2; 

• Effluent from the bioreactor system (average of SP-3 and SP-4) Day 1; and 

• Effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 2. 

 Table 4-2 presents the analytical results of the routine and low-level metals for these 

same sampling points. Only those analytes that were detected in one or more samples (at levels 

above the reporting limit) for the sampling episode are included in the table. Results are rounded 

to three significant digits. If an analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but 

below the report limit, the result is reported as “NQ” followed by the sample-specific report limit 

in parentheses. If an analyte was not detected in a sample above the method detection limit, the 

result is reported as “ND” followed by the sample-specific report limit in parentheses. The 

results for the influent to and effluent from the bioreactor presented in Tables 4-1 and 4-2 are 

paired results for each respective day, meaning that sample collection across the treatment 

system was timed to reflect the amount of time it takes the wastewater to pass through the 

bioreactor system (approximately 28.7 hours). For the Day 1 samples, 28 hours passed between 

the beginning of sample collection at the influent and the beginning of sample collection at the 

effluent from the bioreactor system. For the Day 2 samples, 28 hours and 10 minutes passed 

between the beginning of sample collection at the influent and the beginning of sample collection 

at the effluent from the bioreactor system. The results for the influent to the FGD wastewater 

treatment system are not paired with the bioreactor sample results. The Day 2 sample of the 

influent to the bioreactor sample was collected 20 hours after the collection of the sample for the 

influent to the FGD treatment system, which is less than the 26 hour retention time for the 

equalization tank, reaction tanks, and clarifier. Therefore, while the samples are not truly paired, 

EPA did allow for some time to pass before collecting the sample. 

 Appendix Tables A-1 through A-6 present all the analytical results from the influent to 

the FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-1), the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 1, 

the influent to the bioreactor system (SP-2) Day 2, the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) 

Day 1, the effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 2, and the duplicate of the effluent 

from the bioreactor system (SP-4) sample analyses, including J-values. Appendix Table B-1 

presents the analytical results for the metal analytes in a format similar to Table 4-2; however, 
4-2 

Table B-1 also includes results where analytes were measured above the method detection level, 

but below the reporting limit (i.e., J-values). 
4-3 

a – The effluent from the bioreactor day 1 results represent the average of the effluent from the bioreactor Day 1(SP-3) and the duplicat

bioreactor (SP-4) analytical measurements.< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses report limit for nondetected results). ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day (i.e., the s

effluent from the bioreactor samples were timed to be collected 28 hours after the collection of the influent to the bioreactor samples, wresidence time for the entire bioreactor system). The results for the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment are not paired with any ot4.2.

Table 4-1. Classical Pollutants Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment Sy

Influent to Bioreactor Eff

Analyte Method Unit 

Influent to FGD 

Wastewater Treatment

(SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) Da

(SP-3/

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1.50 1.80 1.80 2Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 14.7 14.4 13.5 ND (Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 6.20 3.70 4.40 5Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) 9Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 304 424 578 4Chloride 300.0 mg/L 9,680 9,530 9,910 9,Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 1,290 1,170 1,250 1,Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 34,600 34,400 33,500 34Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 9.90 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 5,200 15.0 45.0 <1

Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day. The resuFGD wastewater treatment are not paired with any other results. See Section 4.2. 
4-4 

a – The effluent from the bioreactor day 1 results represent the average of the effluent from the bioreactor Day 1(SP-3) and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor (SP-4) a

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses report limit for nondetected results). 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A 

average FGD effluent indicates that the original FGD effluent and/or the duplicate of the FGD effluent is a J-value. The analytical result for the original FGD effluent and/or the dupAppendix A with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day (i.e., the sample collection for the effluent from the bio28 hours after the collection of the influent to the bioreactor samples, which represents the residence time for the entire bioreactor system). The results for the influent to the FGD wother results. See Section 4.2. 

Table 4-2. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, 

Influent to Bioreactor Effl

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) Day 1 (SP-3/SP

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total D

Routine Metals - 200.7Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 33,100 R ND (50.0) ND (50.0) 97.0 L NA NA ND (50.0) <Antimony 200.7 μg/L 18.1 R ND (4.00) ND (4.00) 4.50 NA NA ND (4.00) ND Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 236 24.7 R ND (2.00) 6.40 L NA NA ND (2.00) 8Barium 200.7 μg/L 651 489 R 326 270 NA NA 296 R Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 3.60 R ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) NA NA ND (1.00) ND Boron 200.7 μg/L 307,000 R 301,000 R 291,000 306,000 NA NA 283,000 R 28Cadmium 200.7 μg/L ND (0.250) ND (0.250) ND (0.250) 2.30 NA NA ND (0.250) <0Calcium 200.7 μg/L 6,070,000 5,370,000 5,670,000 5,790,000 NA NA 5,570,000 5,7Chromium 200.7 μg/L 84.8 R 19.2 R 25.3 ND (0.500) NA NA 24.2 R <Hexavalent Chromium 

218.6 μg/L NA 4.20 NA 2.30 NA 0.830 NA ND 

Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 14.7 R 8.40 L,R ND (2.50) ND (2.50) NA NA ND (2.50) ND Copper 200.7 μg/L 37.6 ND (2.50) ND (2.50) ND (2.50) NA NA ND (2.50) ND Iron 200.7 μg/L 59,100 R ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) NA NA ND (25.0) <Lead 200.7 μg/L 31.2 R ND (1.50) ND (1.50) ND (1.50) NA NA ND (1.50) ND Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 990,000 955,000 R 983,000 970,000 NA NA 950,000 93Manganese 200.7 μg/L 9,020 R 8,540 3,280 3,240 NA NA 2,340 R 2Nickel 200.7 μg/L 159 R 105 R 21.1 28.2 NA NA ND (1.00) <Selenium 200.7 μg/L 2,930 R 105 R 82.5 58.7 NA NA ND (5.00) ND Silver 200.7 μg/L 10.0 7.80 7.90 7.70 NA NA 7.75 8Sodium 200.7 μg/L 61,000 58,700 60,300 59,300 NA NA 58,900 58
4-5 

a – The effluent from the bioreactor day 1 results represent the average of the effluent from the bioreactor Day 1(SP-3) and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor (SP-4) a

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses report limit for nondetected results). 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A 

average FGD effluent indicates that the original FGD effluent and/or the duplicate of the FGD effluent is a J-value. The analytical result for the original FGD effluent and/or the dupAppendix A with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day (i.e., the sample collection for the effluent from the bio28 hours after the collection of the influent to the bioreactor samples, which represents the residence time for the entire bioreactor system). The results for the influent to the FGD wother results. See Section 4.2. 

Table 4-2. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, 

Influent to Bioreactor Effl

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) Day 1 (SP-3/SP

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total D

Thallium 200.7 μg/L 41.2 R 106 R 62.5 105 NA NA 52.7 R Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 77.6 2.00 R 2.10 2.50 NA NA ND (0.500) 0Zinc 200.7 μg/L ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) NA NA ND (25.0) ND Routine Metals - 200.8Aluminum 200.8 μg/L NA NA 61.5 52.5 61.6 51.0 67.2 R 5Antimony 200.8 μg/L NA NA 3.71 3.79 3.49 3.59 0.465 0Arsenic 200.8 μg/L NA NA 200 185 200 203 191 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 5.82 7.47 8.05 8.83 5.47 4Barium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 479 481 451 433 466 R Beryllium 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.300) NQ (0.300) ND (0.300) ND (0.300) NQ (0.300) NQ Boron 200.8 μg/L NA NA 268,000 259,000 251,000 263,000 250,000 R 23Cadmium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 1.69 1.69 1.84 1.62 0.360 R 0Calcium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 4,790,000 4,950,000 5,040,000 5,140,000 5,030,000 4,7Chromium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 13.5 13.6 13.9 13.1 9.97 8Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 0.940 0.800 0.770 0.750 NQ (0.500) NQ Cobalt 200.8 μg/L NA NA 15.9 16.8 18.8 19.0 12.1 Copper 200.8 μg/L NA NA 2.20 2.20 2.06 2.19 1.08 NQ Iron 200.8 μg/L NA NA 136 146 209 155 172 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) NQ (50.0) ND (50.0) 66.9 5Lead 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) NQ (0.200) NQ Magnesium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 990,000 996,000 956,000 1,020,000 998,000 96Manganese 200.8 μg/L NA NA 3,050 3,100 3,160 3,060 2,230 2
4-6 

a – The effluent from the bioreactor day 1 results represent the average of the effluent from the bioreactor Day 1(SP-3) and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor (SP-4) a

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses report limit for nondetected results). 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A 

average FGD effluent indicates that the original FGD effluent and/or the duplicate of the FGD effluent is a J-value. The analytical result for the original FGD effluent and/or the dupAppendix A with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day (i.e., the sample collection for the effluent from the bio28 hours after the collection of the influent to the bioreactor samples, which represents the residence time for the entire bioreactor system). The results for the influent to the FGD wother results. See Section 4.2. 

Table 4-2. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, 

Influent to Bioreactor Effl

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) Day 1 (SP-3/SP

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total D

Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 3,280 3,020 3,380 3,260 2,350 R 2Nickel 200.8 μg/L NA NA 162 158 155 158 105 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 70.1 75.1 75.7 73.2 11.5 R Selenium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 1,090 1,150 1,140 1,070 860 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 345 297 281 264 159 R Silver 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND Sodium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 49,500 48,500 46,900 48,800 50,000 R 47Thallium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 6.92 6.97 7.13 7.11 NQ (0.0250) ND (Vanadium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 136 137 89.4 124 143 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 4.18 6.35 3.16 2.96 ND (1.00) ND Zinc 200.8 μg/L NA NA 5.87 5.90 5.86 6.55 5.99 5Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND Low-Level Metals - 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 17.6 R 3.83 3.75 3.73 NA NA 0.545 0Arsenic 1638 μg/L 1,270 133 197 196 NA NA 202 Arsenic 1638 – DRC μg/L 1,010 R 17.4 R 4.86 5.79 NA NA 2.51 2Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 929 11.4 2.08 1.94 2.45 2.29 0.250 0Cadmium 1638 μg/L 4.84 R 4.47 1.51 1.53 NA NA 0.230 0Chromium 1638 μg/L 256 19.1 6.06 6.23 NA NA 5.37 5Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 262 R NQ (5.00) 0.610 0.700 NA NA NQ (0.500) NQ Hexavalent 1636 μg/L NA NA NA ND (0.500) NA NA NA ND 
4-7 

a – The effluent from the bioreactor day 1 results represent the average of the effluent from the bioreactor Day 1(SP-3) and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor (SP-4) a

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses report limit for nondetected results). 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical result is presented in Appendix A 

average FGD effluent indicates that the original FGD effluent and/or the duplicate of the FGD effluent is a J-value. The analytical result for the original FGD effluent and/or the dupAppendix A with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. Note: The influent to the bioreactor and effluent from the bioreactor results shown are paired samples for each respective day (i.e., the sample collection for the effluent from the bio28 hours after the collection of the influent to the bioreactor samples, which represents the residence time for the entire bioreactor system). The results for the influent to the FGD wother results. See Section 4.2. 

Table 4-2. Metals Measured Above the Report Limit for the FGD Wastewater Treatment System, 

Influent to Bioreactor Effl

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) Day 1 (SP-3/SP

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total D

Chromium Copper 1638 μg/L 188 R NQ (5.00) 2.13 1.57 NA NA NQ (1.00) NQ Lead 1638 μg/L 193 R NQ (2.00) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) NA NA ND (0.200) ND Mercury 1631E μg/L 85.6 0.0844 0.0752 0.00418 0.0777 0.0119 0.0133 <0Nickel 1638 μg/L 1,240 382 113 84.4 NA NA 97.1 9Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 396 R 316 R 54.3 43.8 NA NA 9.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 8,660 468 616 651 NA NA 581 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 8,250 R 412 R 300 305 NA NA 191 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 9,100 206 151 151 126 123 5.17 2Silver 1638 μg/L NQ (1.00) R ND (1.00) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) NA NA ND (0.100) ND Thallium 1638 μg/L 9.51 R 11.1 R 8.43 8.55 NA NA NQ (0.0250) NQ (Zinc 1638 μg/L 438 78.6 6.24 4.40 NA NA 4.87 4Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 526 R 69.7 R ND (2.00) ND (2.00) NA NA ND (2.00) ND 
5-1

5. DATA QUALITY

 Quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedures applicable to the Belews Creek 

sampling episode are outlined in the Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam Electric 

Detailed Study (QAPP) [3]. This section describes the QC procedures used to assess the 

precision and accuracy of the analytical data presented in Section 4 and Appendices A and B. 

QC practices used for this sampling episode include the analysis of matrix spikes, blanks, 

duplicate samples, and QC standard checks. 

5.1 Analytical Quality Control

 EPA contracted directly with analytical laboratories for the analysis of samples collected 

during this episode. EPA’s Sample Control Center (SCC) verified that the performances of the 

laboratories selected by EPA was acceptable by conducting QC checks of the analytical data as 

specified by the SCC’s Quality Assurance Project Plan dated 15 February 2008 [4]. SCC data 

review chemists prepared written data review narratives describing any qualifications of the 

analytical data from this episode. The data review narratives are included in Appendix C. 

5.2 Field Quality Control

 This subsection discusses the bottle blanks, equipment blanks, field blanks, and field 

duplicate sample results. Section 3.8 of the Sampling Plan discusses field QC specifications. 

Tables presented in this section include results for only certain analytes (e.g., only those detected 

in the respective field QC sample or those detected during the sampling episode). Appendix A 

contains the results for all analytes, both detected and nondetected. 

5.2.1 Bottle Blanks 

 EPA collects bottle blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the sample collection 

bottles. Bottle blanks were collected and analyzed for low-level metals (EPA Method 1638 and 

1631E) by the supplier of the precleaned bottles, Albion Environmental. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the low-level metals and low-level 

hexavalent chromium samples bottles (250 mL LDPE) by filling the precleaned bottle to the 

neck with ASTM Type 1 water, preserving the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2, and allowing 

the sample to sit for at least 24 hours. Albion Environmental then analyzed the samples using 

EPA Method 1638. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the 4-liter blank water bottles by 

filling the precleaned bottle with ASTM Type 1 water and allowing it to soak for approximately 

24 hours. The laboratory then poured a representative aliquot into a precleaned LDPE sample 

bottle, preserved the sample with nitric acid to a pH <2, and allowed the sample to sit for at least 

24 hours. Albion Environmental then analyzed the samples using EPA Method 1638. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blanks for the low-level mercury sample 

bottles (250 mL flint glass bottles and 1-L borosilicate glass bottles) by filling the precleaned 

bottle to the neck with ASTM Type 1 water, preserving the sample with bromine monochloride, 
5-2

and allowing the sample to sit for at least 24 hours. The laboratory then analyzed the samples 

using EPA Method 1631E. 

 Albion Environmental collected the bottle blank for the 10-liter composite containers by 

filling the container with approximately two liters of ASTM Type 1 water and allowing it to soak 

for approximately 24 hours. During this period, the laboratory shook the container periodically 

and changed its orientation to expose all surfaces of the container to the ASTM Type 1 water. 

Albion Environmental then shook the 10-liter container and poured a representative sample into 

a precleaned sample bottle (an LDPE bottle for low-level metals and a glass bottle for low-level 

mercury). The blank samples were then preserved and analyzed according to the analytical 

methods (i.e., EPA Method 1638 or 1631E), as described above for the other bottle blank 

samples. 

 No metals were detected in the bottle blanks, indicating that there was no contamination 

from the sample containers. Appendix Table A-7 presents all of the analytical results from the 

bottle blank analyses for all of the bottles used to collect low-level samples. 

5.2.2 Equipment Blanks 

 EPA collects equipment blanks to evaluate possible contamination from the equipment 

used for sample collection. EPA did not collect specific equipment blanks for this sampling 

program; however, the field blanks as collected (as described in Section 5.2.3) include the 

sampling equipment. In addition, Albion Environmental collected and analyzed equipment 

blanks for low-level metals (EPA Method 1638 and 1631E) for each type of precleaned 

equipment supplied for the episode. 

 Albion Environmental collected the equipment blanks for the capsule filters and 

fabricated tubing sets by pumping approximately 500 mL of ASTM Type 1 water through the 

precleaned filter or tubing set and discarding the water. The laboratory then pumped additional 

water through the precleaned filter or tubing set into a precleaned bottle (an LDPE bottle for lowlevel metals and a glass bottle for low-level mercury). The blank samples were then preserved 

and analyzed according to the analytical methods (EPA Method 1638 or 1631E), as described in 

Section 5.2.1 for the bottle blank samples. For the fabricated tubing sets, Albion Environmental 

collected and analyzed equipment blanks for the individual components of the tubing sets, the 

assembled tubing sets, or both. 

 During the analysis of the equipment blanks, Albion Environmental detected barium at 

0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L in 2 of the 10 pieces of #73 silicone tubing that were analyzed from 

the various cleaning batches used to assemble the tubing sets. Barium was not detected above the 

report limit in the equipment blanks for the other eight analyses. In addition, barium was not 

detected in any of the field blank samples (above the report limit), as described in Section 5.2.3. 

Finally, barium was measured at a concentration greater than 500 times the equipment blank 

result at all of the sampling points for both the total and dissolved phases. Therefore, the 

potential contamination from the sampling equipment did not significantly affect the sampling 

results. 

 No other metals were detected in the equipment blanks, indicating that there was no other 

contamination from the sampling equipment. Appendix Table A-7 presents all of the analytical 
5-3

results from the bottle blank and equipment blank analyses for all of the equipment used for the 

collection of low-level samples. EPA assumed the barium equipment blank concentration to be 

0.490 ug/L for all tubing sets containing #73 silicone tubing because the tubing set may have 

been fabricated using #73 silicone from the cleaning batch that had a detection for barium at that 

concentration. 

5.2.3 Field Blanks 

 The sampling team collected field blanks (SP-5, SP-6, and SP-7) to evaluate possible 

contamination from sampling equipment, sampling equipment decontamination procedures, 

sample collection procedures, or atmospheric contamination. EPA analyzed the field blank 

samples for the low-level and routine metals analyses, including both total and dissolved metals8. 

 The low-level and routine total metals field blank samples for the influent to the FGD 

wastewater treatment system (SP-5), influent to the bioreactor system (SP-6) Day 1, influent to 

the bioreactor system (SP-6) Day 2, effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-7) Day 1, and 

effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-7) Day 2 were collected by pouring ASTM Type 1 water 

through a precleaned funnel attached to the silicone tubing used for sample collection. To 

prevent potential atmospheric deposition, the sampling team shrouded the blank water and funnel 

with a plastic bag while pouring the blank water into the funnel and placed the sample bottles in 

a “cleanbox.” The ASTM Type 1 water flowed through the funnel, tubing, and “Y” splitter, and 

was poured into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples 

with Belews Creek’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection 

description (Section 3.1). 

 The low-level and routine dissolved metals field blank samples for the influent to the 

FGD wastewater treatment system (SP-5), influent to the bioreactor system (SP-6) Day 1, and 

effluent from the bioreactor system (SP-7) Day 1 were collected by pumping ASTM Type 1 

water through the tubing used for the dissolved metals sample collection and a capsule filter. The 

container holding the ASTM Type 1 water was placed in a large plastic bag and the tubing was 

placed directly into the container. The large plastic bag was closed off as quickly as possible to 

minimize potential atmospheric deposition. The sample bottles were placed in a “cleanbox” and 

the ASTM Type 1 water was pumped through the tubing, capsule filter, and “Y” splitter, and 

poured into the sample bottles. EPA collected the field blank samples as “true” split samples 

with Belews Creek’s representative, using the same procedure discussed in the sample collection 

description (Section 3.1). 

 

8 EPA did not collect a low-level dissolved mercury field blank sample because the sample filtration was performed 

at the laboratory to minimize potential mercury contamination. The laboratory performed a filtration blank prior to 

filtering the sample, which is assessed as the field blank for the low-level dissolved mercury sample. Mercury was 

detected at a concentration of 0.000157 ug/L in the filtration blank performed for the first day of samples, which 

includes the influent to the FGD wastewater treatment system and the influent to the bioreactor system (day 1). 

Additionally, mercury was detected at a concentration of 0.000098 ug/L in the filtration blank performed for the 

third day of samples, which includes the effluent from the bioreactor system (day 2). Both of these concentrations 

are below the report limit of 0.0005 ug/L; therefore, these sample results are flagged as J-values. Mercury was not 

detected above the method detection limit (0.00008 ug/L) in the filtration blank performed for the second day of 

samples, which includes the influent to the bioreactor system (day 2), the effluent from the bioreactor system (day 

1), and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor system. 
5-4

 Table 5-1 presents the field blank analytical results for SP-5 through SP-7. Only those 

analytes that were detected in the field blank samples at levels above the reporting limit are 

included in the table. Results are rounded to three significant digits. Appendix Tables A-8 

through A-12 present all the analytical results for the field blanks from each of the sampling 

points, including all qualified results and all results that were measured above the method 

detection limit, but below the reporting limit (i.e., J-values). 

5.2.4 Field Duplicates 

 The sampling team collected field duplicate samples to assess the sampling measurement 

precision for the episode. Field duplicate samples are separate samples collected from the same 

location as the original sample. The duplicate is filled immediately after the original sample and 

is stored and analyzed independently. The relative percent difference (RPD) between the two 

sample results is examined to determine the precision of the data. EPA used the following 

equation to calculate the RPD for the duplicate sample results. 

 100

2

 S D 

 S D 

RPD (%) ×











 +

−

= (5-1) 

where: 

S = concentration of the analyte from original sample analysis; 

D = concentration of the analyte from the duplicate sample analysis; and 

RPD = relative percent difference between the original and duplicate sample 

result. 

 During this sampling episode, EPA collected duplicate samples (SP-4) of the effluent 

from the bioreactor system (SP-3) during the Day 1 sample collection. The duplicate samples 

were analyzed for all analytes except HEM/SGT-HEM. Table 5-2 presents analytical results and 

the RPD for SP-3 Day 1 and SP-4 and includes analytical results for only those analytes that 

were detected in one or more samples for the sampling episode. Results are rounded to three 

significant digits. Appendix Tables A-4 and A-6 present all the analytical results for the effluent 

from the bioreactor system (SP-3) Day 1 and the duplicate of the effluent from the bioreactor 

system (SP-4) sample analyses, including all qualified results and all results that were measured 

above the method detection limit, but below the reporting limit (i.e., J-values). 
5-5 

Table 5-1. Field Blank Results Measured Above the Report Limit, Belews Creek

Analyte Sample Point Method Unit 

Concentration

(μg/L) 

Routine Total Metals – 200.8 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 200.8 μg/L 1.52 

Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 200.8 μg/L 1.53 

Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638

Chromium FGD Influent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.49 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.40 

Mercury FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 1631E μg/L 0.000930 

Mercury FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 1631E μg/L 0.000650 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.48 

Low-Level Dissolved Metals – 1631E, 1636, 1638

Chromium FGD Influent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.47 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.30 

Chromium FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 1638 μg/L 1.55 
5-6 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 2.70 2.70 2.70 Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 5.80 5.70 5.75 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B 9.00 9.00 9.00 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C 477 371 424 Chloride 300.0 9,900 9,870 9,890 Sulfate 300.0 1,230 1,240 1,240 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C 33,600 34,500 34,100 Total Phosphorus 365.2 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D 21.0 ND (10.0) < 15.5 Routine Total Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 ND (50.0) ND (50.0) ND (50.0) Antimony 200.7 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) Arsenic 200.7 ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Barium 200.7 286 R 305 296 Beryllium 200.7 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) Boron 200.7 287,000 R 279,000 283,000 Cadmium 200.7 ND (0.250) ND (0.250) ND (0.250) Calcium 200.7 5,520,000 5,620,000 5,570,000 Chromium 200.7 23.4 R 25.0 24.2 Cobalt 200.7 ND (2.50) ND (2.50) ND (2.50) 
5-7 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Copper 200.7 ND (2.50) ND (2.50) ND (2.50) Iron 200.7 ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) Lead 200.7 ND (1.50) ND (1.50) ND (1.50) Magnesium 200.7 961,000 938,000 950,000 Manganese 200.7 2,360 R 2,320 2,340 Nickel 200.7 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) Selenium 200.7 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) Silver 200.7 7.50 8.00 7.75 Sodium 200.7 59,200 58,500 58,900 Thallium 200.7 49.9 R 55.5 52.7 Vanadium 200.7 ND (0.500) ND (0.500) ND (0.500) Zinc 200.7 ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 ND (50.0) 107 L < 78.5 Antimony 200.7 ND (4.00) ND (4.00) ND (4.00) Arsenic 200.7 6.00 L, R 11.4 8.70 Barium 200.7 262 R 279 271 Beryllium 200.7 ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) Boron 200.7 276,000 R 291,000 284,000 Cadmium 200.7 ND (0.250) 1.50 < 0.875 Calcium 200.7 5,470,000 6,050,000 5,760,000 Chromium 200.7 20.8 R ND (0.500) < 10.7 
5-8 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 ND (0.500) ND (0.500) ND (0.500) Cobalt 200.7 ND (2.50) ND (2.50) ND (2.50) Copper 200.7 ND (2.50) ND (2.50) ND (2.50) Iron 200.7 ND (25.0) 30.8 < 27.9 Lead 200.7 ND (1.50) ND (1.50) ND (1.50) Magnesium 200.7 909,000 967,000 938,000 Manganese 200.7 2,240 2,380 2,310 Nickel 200.7 ND (1.00) 3.30 < 2.15 Selenium 200.7 ND (5.00) ND (5.00) ND (5.00) Silver 200.7 7.50 8.70 8.10 Sodium 200.7 56,100 60,800 58,500 Thallium 200.7 109 R 130 120 Vanadium 200.7 0.670 R 0.660 0.665 Zinc 200.7 ND (25.0) ND (25.0) ND (25.0) Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 67.6 R 66.8 67.2 Antimony 200.8 0.480 0.450 0.465 Arsenic 200.8 187 194 191 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC 6.00 4.93 5.47 Barium 200.8 459 R 473 466 Beryllium 200.8 NQ (0.300) ND (0.300) ND (0.300) Boron 200.8 253,000 R 246,000 250,000 
5-9 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Cadmium 200.8 0.470 R 0.250 0.360 Calcium 200.8 5,020,000 5,040,000 5,030,000 Chromium 200.8 12.4 7.53 9.97 Chromium 200.8 - DRC NQ (0.500) NQ (0.500) ND (0.500) Cobalt 200.8 11.6 12.5 12.1 Copper 200.8 1.07 1.09 1.08 Iron 200.8 192 151 172 Iron 200.8 - DRC 68.9 64.9 66.9 Lead 200.8 ND (0.200) NQ (0.200) ND (0.200) Magnesium 200.8 986,000 1,010,000 998,000 Manganese 200.8 2,280 2,180 2,230 Manganese 200.8 - DRC 2,340 R 2,360 2,350 Nickel 200.8 108 102 105 Nickel 200.8 - DRC 11.1 R 11.9 11.5 Selenium 200.8 1,000 719 860 Selenium 200.8 - DRC 171 R 146 159 Silver 200.8 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Sodium 200.8 48,900 R 51,100 50,000 Thallium 200.8 NQ (0.0250) NQ (0.0250) ND (0.0250) Vanadium 200.8 133 152 143 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) Zinc 200.8 6.14 5.84 5.99 
5-10 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Zinc 200.8 - DRC ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 58.5 58.8 58.7 Antimony 200.8 0.440 0.420 0.430 Arsenic 200.8 205 204 205 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC 3.44 4.86 4.15 Barium 200.8 458 459 459 Beryllium 200.8 NQ (0.300) NQ (0.300) ND (0.300) Boron 200.8 236,000 R 239,000 238,000 Cadmium 200.8 0.300 R 0.200 0.250 Calcium 200.8 4,670,000 4,780,000 4,730,000 Chromium 200.8 9.24 7.78 8.51 Chromium 200.8 - DRC NQ (0.500) NQ (0.500) ND (0.500) Cobalt 200.8 12.0 12.3 12.2 Copper 200.8 NQ (1.00) NQ (1.00) ND (1.00) Iron 200.8 138 140 139 Iron 200.8 - DRC 57.9 61.5 59.7 Lead 200.8 ND (0.200) NQ (0.200) ND (0.200) Magnesium 200.8 974,000 946,000 960,000 Manganese 200.8 2,250 2,240 2,250 Manganese 200.8 - DRC 2,320 R 2,270 2,300 Nickel 200.8 107 107 107 
5-11 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Nickel 200.8 - DRC 11.0 10.7 10.9 Selenium 200.8 757 693 725 Selenium 200.8 - DRC 150 151 151 Silver 200.8 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Sodium 200.8 47,600 R 46,600 47,100 Thallium 200.8 ND (0.0250) ND (0.0250) ND (0.0250) Vanadium 200.8 107 162 135 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC ND (1.00) ND (1.00) ND (1.00) Zinc 200.8 5.88 6.07 5.98 Zinc 200.8 - DRC ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 0.540 0.550 0.545 Arsenic 1638 192 212 202 Arsenic 1638 - DRC 2.06 2.95 2.51 Arsenic HG-AFS 0.250 0.250 0.250 Cadmium 1638 0.210 0.250 0.230 Chromium 1638 5.28 5.45 5.37 Chromium 1638 - DRC NQ (0.500) ND (0.500) ND (0.500) Copper 1638 NQ (1.00) NQ (1.00) ND (1.00) Lead 1638 ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) Mercury 1631E 0.0107 0.0159 0.0133 Nickel 1638 73.2 121 97.1 
5-12 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Nickel 1638 - DRC 8.35 9.64 9.00 Selenium 1638 591 571 581 Selenium 1638 - DRC 188 194 191 Selenium HG-AFS 5.69 4.65 5.17 Silver 1638 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Thallium 1638 NQ (0.0250) NQ (0.0250) ND (0.0250) Zinc 1638 4.11 5.62 4.87 Zinc 1638 - DRC ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) Low-Level Dissolved Metals – 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFS Antimony 1638 0.550 0.540 0.545 Arsenic 1638 195 203 199 Arsenic 1638 - DRC 2.66 2.60 2.63 Arsenic HG-AFS 0.220 0.240 0.230 Cadmium 1638 0.200 0.220 0.210 Chromium 1638 5.27 5.04 5.16 Chromium 1638 - DRC NQ (0.500) ND (0.500) ND (0.500) Hexavalent Chromium 1636 ND (0.500) ND (0.500) ND (0.500) Copper 1638 NQ (1.00) NQ (1.00) ND (1.00) Lead 1638 ND (0.200) ND (0.200) ND (0.200) Mercury 1631E NQ (0.00252) 0.00150 < 0.00201 Nickel 1638 90.3 102 96.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC 8.86 11.3 10.1 
5-13 

< - Average result includes at least one nondetect value. (Calculation uses detection limit for nondetected results). DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. NC - Not calculated. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NQ – Analyte was measured above the method detection limit, but below the report limit (number in parenthesis is the report limit). The analytical resA with a J flag designation. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. 

Table 5-2. Field Duplicate Results, Belews Creek

Analyte Method 

Original FGD Bioreactor 

Effluent, Day 1 

Concentration (SP-3) 

Duplicate FGD 

Bioreactor Effluent 

Concentration (SP-4) Average Result 

Rel

D

Selenium 1638 577 551 564 Selenium 1638 - DRC 197 191 194 Selenium HG-AFS 2.63 2.77 2.70 Silver 1638 ND (0.100) ND (0.100) ND (0.100) Thallium 1638 NQ (0.0250) ND (0.0250) ND (0.0250) Zinc 1638 4.79 5.06 4.93 Zinc 1638 - DRC ND (2.00) ND (2.00) ND (2.00) 
6-1

6. REFERENCES

1. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2008. Sampling Plan, Duke Energy Carolinas’ Belews 

Creek Steam Station. October 15. DCN 06196. 

2. Eastern Research Group, Inc., 2007. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Steam 

Electric Detailed Study. EPA-HQ-OW-2006-0071-0724. September 25. DCN 05079. 

3. CSC Systems & Solutions LLC. 2008. Quality Assurance Project Plan for the Sample 

Control Center Contract. Revision 1. EPA-HQ-OW-2006-0771-1744. February 15. DCN 

06178. 
Appendix A 

ANALYTICAL RESULTS 
A-1 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-1. FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Factor Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 25 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 50 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 20 NP NP Routine Total Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 20 160 1,000 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 0.920 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 2,000 11,600 50,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 2,000 21,600 100,000 
A-2 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-1. FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Factor Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 20 174 500 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 70.0 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 20 34.0 100 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,660 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 1.00 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 
A-3 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-1. FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Factor Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 35,000 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 134 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,640 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638, HG-AFS Antimony 1638 μg/L 50 0.107 1.00 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 100 4.35 15.0 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 100 4.35 15.0 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 3,400 50.7 170 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 50 0.208 1.00 
A-4 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-1. FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Factor Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 1.38 5.00 Chromium 1638 μg/L 50 1.38 10.0 Copper 1638 μg/L 50 0.560 5.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 50 0.169 2.00 Mercury 1631E μg/L 4,000 0.320 2.08 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 0.680 5.00 Nickel 1638 μg/L 50 0.680 312 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 5,000 125 375 Selenium 1638 μg/L 100 19.4 60.0 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 100 19.4 60.0 Silver 1638 μg/L 50 0.300 1.00 Thallium 1638 μg/L 100 0.111 0.500 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 5.05 10.0 Zinc 1638 μg/L 50 5.05 10.0 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, 1638, HG-AFS Antimony 1638 μg/L 50 0.107 1.00 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 100 4.35 15.0 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 34 0.507 1.70 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 100 4.35 15.0 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 50 0.208 1.00 Chromium 1638 μg/L 50 1.38 10.0 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 1.38 5.00 
A-5 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-1. FGD Influent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Factor Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Copper 1638 μg/L 50 0.560 5.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 50 0.169 2.00 Mercury 1631E μg/L 20 0.00154 0.0100 Nickel 1638 μg/L 50 0.680 312 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 0.680 5.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 240 5.99 18.0 Selenium 1638 μg/L 100 19.4 60.0 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 100 19.4 60.0 Silver 1638 μg/L 50 0.300 1.00 Thallium 1638 μg/L 100 0.111 0.500 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 50 5.05 10.0 Zinc 1638 μg/L 50 5.05 10.0 
A-6 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 25 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 1 NP NP Routine Total Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 0.920 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 10,800 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 
A-7 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 70.0 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,660 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 1.00 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 35,000 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 
A-8 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 134 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,640 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 
A-9 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 
A-10 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 
A-11 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 14 0.203 0.680 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 20 0.00154 0.0100 Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 
A-12 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 240 5.99 18.0 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 14 0.203 0.680 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 μg/L 1 0.0640 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 240 5.99 18.0 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 
A-13 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-2. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 
A-14 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-3. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 20 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 1 NP NP Routine Dissolved Metals – 218.6 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 
A-15 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-3. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 
A-16 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-3. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 
A-17 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-3. FGD Bioreactor Influent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, HG-AFSArsenic HG-AFS μg/L 14 0.203 0.680 Mercury 1631E μg/L 10 0.000780 0.00505 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 240 5.99 18.0 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, HG-AFSArsenic HG-AFS μg/L 14 0.203 0.680 Mercury 1631E μg/L 2 0.000160 0.00101 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 240 5.99 18.0 
A-18 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Silica Gel Treated HEM (SGT-HEM) 1664A mg/L 1 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 25 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 1 NP NP Routine Total Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 0.920 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 10,800 50,000 
A-19 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 70.0 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,660 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 1.00 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 
A-20 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 35,000 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 134 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,640 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 
A-21 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 
A-22 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 
A-23 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 
A-24 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Mercury 1631E μg/L 2 0.000160 0.00101 Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 μg/L 1 0.0640 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 5 0.000390 0.00252 
A-25 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-4. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 
A-26 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-5. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 25 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 1 NP NP Routine Dissolved Metals – 218.6 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 
A-27 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-5. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 
A-28 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-5. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 
A-29 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-5. FGD Bioreactor Effluent, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, HG-AFSArsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Mercury 1631E μg/L 20 0.00156 0.0101 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, HG-AFSArsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Mercury 1631E μg/L 2 0.000160 0.00101 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 
A-30 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Classical Pollutants Ammonia As Nitrogen (NH3-N) 350.1 mg/L 1 NP NP Nitrate/Nitrite (NO3-N + NO2-N) 353.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) 351.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) 5210 B mg/L 1 NP NP Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 5220 C mg/L 1 NP NP Chloride 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Sulfate 300.0 mg/L 500 NP NP Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2540 C mg/L 25 NP NP Total Phosphorus 365.2 mg/L 1 NP NP Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 2540 D mg/L 1 NP NP Routine Total Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 0.920 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 10,800 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 
A-31 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 70.0 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,660 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 1.00 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1,000 5,800 25,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1,000 35,000 50,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 
A-32 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 20 134 500 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 20 4.00 20.0 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 20 1,640 10,000 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 1,000 206 6,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 
A-33 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 10 4.40 40.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 
A-34 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 47.0 200 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 5,000 1,030 30,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5,000 11,600 200,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 20 0.0300 2.00 Copper 200.8 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 1,000 174 500,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 1,000 14.5 100 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 20 3.88 12.0 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 10 24.0 200 
A-35 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 0.120 1.00 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 4 0.000310 0.00202 Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 
A-36 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). NP - Not provided. The sample-specific MDL and sample-specific RL are only provided for the metal analytes because EPA is presenting analytical v

quantified below the report limit. For this analyte, only values above the report limit are presented. If the analyte was not detected above the report limpresented in parentheses in the concentration column. U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-6. Duplicate of FGD Bioreactor Effluent Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 1 0.0150 0.0500 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 μg/L 1 0.0640 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 10 0.110 1.00 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 2 0.000160 0.00101 Nickel 1638 μg/L 10 0.140 62.5 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 0.140 1.00 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 12 0.300 0.900 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 10 1.01 2.00 
a

 Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-37 

Table A-7. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

LDPE 250 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level metals, low-level hexavalent chromium, and HGAFS samples) 

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Flint 250 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level mercury samples)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Capsule Filter – Equipment Blank (for dissolved low-level metals sample collection)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Dissolved UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 
a

 Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-38 

Table A-7. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

LDPE 4000 ml Plastic Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level metals field blank water)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Borosilicate 1000 ml Glass Bottles – Bottle Blank (for low-level mercury field blank water)

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

LDPE 10 L Composite Bottles – Bottle Blank (sample composite bottle for dissolved/filtration pump-off)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 
a

 Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-39 

Table A-7. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Pump-Off Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (Three feet of Teflon® tubing, 10 feet of #73 silicone tubing, Ysplitter, and two pieces of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for dissolved sample collection for low-level metals)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Sampling Point Tubing Set – Equipment Blank (seven feet of #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, and two pieces 

of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for sample collection for low-level mercury and low-level metals from sample 

taps)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 
a

 Barium was detected in two equipment blanks for #73 silicone tubing at 0.490 ug/L and 0.476 ug/L. Because #73 

silicone tubing was used in this fabricated tubing set, the barium concentration is assumed to be 0.490 ug/L. 

ND – Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). 

A-40 

Table A-7. Bottle Blank and Equipment Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Process Units Concentration 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Funnel Assembly Set – Equipment Blank (Plastic funnel attached to 2 feet of #73 silicone tubing, Y-splitter, 

and two pieces of 5 feet of #24 silicone tubing for field blank sample collection for low-level total mercury 

and low-level total metals)

Aluminum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Antimony EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Arsenic EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Barium a EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L 0.490 

Beryllium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Cadmium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Chromium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Cobalt EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Copper EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.30) 

Lead EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Manganese EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Mercury EPA 1631E Total Recoverable UG/L ND (0.00020) 

Molybdenum EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Nickel EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 

Selenium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (2.0) 

Silver EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.10) 

Thallium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.050) 

Vanadium EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (1.0) 

Zinc EPA 1638 Dissolved UG/L ND (0.50) 
A-41 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-8. FGD Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638 Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1638 Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 
A-42 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-8. FGD Influent Field Blank Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 
A-43 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-9. FGD Bioreactor Influent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638 Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals– 1636, 1638 Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 μg/L 1 0.0640 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 
A-44 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-9. FGD Bioreactor Influent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Creek 

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 
A-45 

Table A-10. FGD Bioreactor Influent Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 
A-46 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Routine Total Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 0.920 2.00 Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1 5.80 25.0 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1 10.8 50.0 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 25.0 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 1 0.200 1.00 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 1 82.9 500 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 1 8.00 50.0 Antimony 200.7 μg/L 1 1.36 4.00 Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 1 1.00 2.00 
A-47 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Barium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.250 1.50 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.310 1.00 Boron 200.7 μg/L 1 5.80 25.0 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.0720 0.250 Calcium 200.7 μg/L 1 35.0 50.0 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.280 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 218.6 μg/L 1 0.0900 0.500 Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 1 0.140 2.50 Copper 200.7 μg/L 1 0.500 2.50 Iron 200.7 μg/L 1 8.70 25.0 Lead 200.7 μg/L 1 0.990 1.50 Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 1 6.70 25.0 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 1 0.200 1.00 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 1 0.220 1.00 Selenium 200.7 μg/L 1 1.70 5.00 Silver 200.7 μg/L 1 0.170 0.500 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 1 82.0 500 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 1 3.48 10.0 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 1 0.150 0.500 Zinc 200.7 μg/L 1 3.11 25.0 Routine Total Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 5 2.20 20.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.240 1.00 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 
A-48 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Boron 200.8 μg/L 5 1.03 30.0 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5 12.0 200 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00700 0.500 Copper 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.900 12.5 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 5 12.0 100 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Routine Dissolved Metals – 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L 5 2.20 20.0 Antimony 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 
A-49 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Arsenic 200.8 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Barium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.240 1.00 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.114 0.300 Boron 200.8 μg/L 5 1.03 30.0 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Calcium 200.8 μg/L 5 12.0 200 Chromium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00700 0.500 Copper 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Iron 200.8 μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Iron 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 15.9 50.0 Lead 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Magnesium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.900 12.5 Manganese 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Nickel 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Sodium 200.8 μg/L 5 12.0 100 Thallium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Zinc 200.8 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 
A-50 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Zinc 200.8 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E, 1638Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Low-Level Dissolved Metals – 1636, 1638Antimony 1638 μg/L 5 0.0110 0.100 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Arsenic 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.220 0.750 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 5 0.0210 0.100 Chromium 1638 μg/L 5 0.140 1.00 Chromium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.140 0.500 Hexavalent Chromium 1636 μg/L 1 0.0640 0.500 
A-51 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table A-11. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 1 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Copper 1638 μg/L 5 0.0600 0.500 Lead 1638 μg/L 5 0.0170 0.200 Nickel 1638 μg/L 5 0.0700 31.2 Nickel 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.0700 0.500 Selenium 1638 μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Selenium 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.970 3.00 Silver 1638 μg/L 5 0.0300 0.100 Thallium 1638 μg/L 5 0.00600 0.0250 Zinc 1638 μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 Zinc 1638 - DRC μg/L 5 0.500 1.00 
A-52 

J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. 

Table A-12. FGD Bioreactor Effluent Field Blank, Day 2 Analytical Data, Belews Cree

Analyte Method Unit Dilution Factor 

Sample-Specific 

MDL 

Sample-Spe

RL 

Low-Level Total Metals – 1631E Mercury 1631E μg/L 1 0.0000800 0.000500 
Appendix B 

ANALYTICAL DATA FOR METALS, FGD WASTEWATER 
B-1 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the FGD Wastewater Treat

Influent to Bioreactor 

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Routine Metals - 200.7 Aluminum 200.7 μg/L 33,100 R ND (50.0) U ND (50.0) U 97.0 L NA NA ND (50.0) Antimony 200.7 μg/L 18.1 R ND (4.00) U ND (4.00) U 4.50 NA NA ND (4.00) Arsenic 200.7 μg/L 236 24.7 R ND (2.00) U 6.40 L NA NA ND (2.00) Barium 200.7 μg/L 651 489 R 326 270 NA NA 286 Beryllium 200.7 μg/L 3.60 R ND (1.00) U ND (1.00) U ND (1.00) U NA NA ND (1.00) Boron 200.7 μg/L 307,000 R 301,000 R 291,000 306,000 NA NA 287,000 Cadmium 200.7 μg/L ND (0.250) U ND (0.250) U ND (0.250) U 2.30 NA NA ND (0.250Calcium 200.7 μg/L 6,070,000 5,370,000 5,670,000 5,790,000 NA NA 5,520,000 Chromium 200.7 μg/L 84.8 R 19.2 R 25.3 ND (0.500) U NA NA 23.4 Hexavalent Chromium 

218.6 μg/L NA 4.20 NA 2.30 NA 0.830 NA 

Cobalt 200.7 μg/L 14.7 R 8.40 L,R ND (2.50) U ND (2.50) U NA NA ND (2.50) Copper 200.7 μg/L 37.6 ND (2.50) U ND (2.50) U ND (2.50) U NA NA ND (2.50) Iron 200.7 μg/L 59,100 R ND (25.0) U ND (25.0) U ND (25.0) U NA NA ND (25.0) Lead 200.7 μg/L 31.2 R ND (1.50) U ND (1.50) U ND (1.50) U NA NA ND (1.50) Magnesium 200.7 μg/L 990,000 955,000 R 983,000 970,000 NA NA 961,000 Manganese 200.7 μg/L 9,020 R 8,540 3,280 3,240 NA NA 2,360 Nickel 200.7 μg/L 159 R 105 R 21.1 28.2 NA NA ND (1.00) Selenium 200.7 μg/L 2,930 R 105 R 82.5 58.7 NA NA ND (5.00) Silver 200.7 μg/L 10.0 7.80 7.90 7.70 NA NA 7.50 Sodium 200.7 μg/L 61,000 58,700 60,300 59,300 NA NA 59,200 Thallium 200.7 μg/L 41.2 R 106 R 62.5 105 NA NA 49.9 Vanadium 200.7 μg/L 77.6 2.00 R 2.10 2.50 NA NA ND (0.500Zinc 200.7 μg/L ND (25.0) U ND (25.0) U ND (25.0) U ND (25.0) U NA NA ND (25.0) 
B-2 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the FGD Wastewater Treat

Influent to Bioreactor 

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Routine Metals - 200.8 Aluminum 200.8 μg/L NA NA 61.5 52.5 61.6 51.0 67.6 Antimony 200.8 μg/L NA NA 3.71 3.79 3.49 3.59 0.480 Arsenic 200.8 μg/L NA NA 200 185 200 203 187 Arsenic 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 5.82 7.47 8.05 8.83 6.00 Barium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 479 481 451 433 459 Beryllium 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.300) U 0.145 J ND (0.300) U ND (0.300) U 0.162 Boron 200.8 μg/L NA NA 268,000 259,000 251,000 263,000 253,000 Cadmium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 1.69 1.69 1.84 1.62 0.470 Calcium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 4,790,000 4,950,000 5,040,000 5,140,000 5,020,000 Chromium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 13.5 13.6 13.9 13.1 12.4 Chromium 200.8 – DRC μg/L NA NA 0.940 0.800 0.770 0.750 0.310 Cobalt 200.8 μg/L NA NA 15.9 16.8 18.8 19.0 11.6 Copper 200.8 μg/L NA NA 2.20 2.20 2.06 2.19 1.07 Iron 200.8 μg/L NA NA 136 146 209 155 192 Iron 200.8 – DRC μg/L NA NA 33.0 J ND (50.0) U 44.8 J ND (50.0) U 68.9 Lead 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U ND (0.200Magnesium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 990,000 996,000 956,000 1,020,000 986,000 Manganese 200.8 μg/L NA NA 3,050 3,100 3,160 3,060 2,280 Manganese 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 3,280 3,020 3,380 3,260 2,340 Nickel 200.8 μg/L NA NA 162 158 155 158 108 Nickel 200.8 – DRC μg/L NA NA 70.1 75.1 75.7 73.2 11.1 Selenium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 1,090 1,150 1,140 1,070 1,000 Selenium 200.8 – DRC μg/L NA NA 345 297 281 264 171 Silver 200.8 μg/L NA NA ND (0.100) U ND (0.100) U ND (0.100) U ND (0.100) U ND (0.100Sodium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 49,500 48,500 46,900 48,800 48,900 
B-3 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the FGD Wastewater Treat

Influent to Bioreactor 

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Thallium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 6.92 6.97 7.13 7.11 0.0130 Vanadium 200.8 μg/L NA NA 136 137 89.4 124 133 Vanadium 200.8 - DRC μg/L NA NA 4.18 6.35 3.16 2.96 ND (1.00) Zinc 200.8 μg/L NA NA 5.87 5.90 5.86 6.55 6.14 Zinc 200.8 – DRC μg/L NA NA ND (2.00) U ND (2.00) U ND (2.00) U ND (2.00) U ND (2.00) Low-Level Metals 1631E, 1636, 1638, HG-AFSAntimony 1638 μg/L 17.6 R 3.83 3.75 3.73 NA NA 0.540 Arsenic 1638 μg/L 1,270 133 197 196 NA NA 192 Arsenic 1638 – DRC μg/L 1,010 R 17.4 R 4.86 5.79 NA NA 2.06 Arsenic HG-AFS μg/L 929 11.4 2.08 1.94 2.45 2.29 0.250 Cadmium 1638 μg/L 4.84 R 4.47 1.51 1.53 NA NA 0.210 Chromium 1638 μg/L 256 19.1 6.06 6.23 NA NA 5.28 Chromium 1638 – DRC μg/L 262 R 1.77 J 0.610 0.700 NA NA 0.150 Hexavalent Chromium 

1636 μg/L NA NA NA ND (0.500) U NA NA NA 

Copper 1638 μg/L 188 R 3.70 J 2.13 1.57 NA NA 0.930 Lead 1638 μg/L 193 R 0.360 J ND (0.200) U ND (0.200) U NA NA ND (0.200) Mercury 1631E μg/L 85.6 0.0844 0.0752 0.00418 0.0777 0.0119 0.0107 Nickel 1638 μg/L 1,240 382 113 84.4 NA NA 73.2 Nickel 1638 – DRC μg/L 396 R 316 R 54.3 43.8 NA NA 8.35 Selenium 1638 μg/L 8,660 468 616 651 NA NA 591 Selenium 1638 – DRC μg/L 8,250 R 412 R 300 305 NA NA 188 Selenium HG-AFS μg/L 9,100 206 151 151 126 123 5.69 Silver 1638 μg/L 0.992 J ND (1.00) U ND (0.100) U ND (0.100) U NA NA ND (0.100Thallium 1638 μg/L 9.51 R 11.1 R 8.43 8.55 NA NA 0.0110 Zinc 1638 μg/L 438 78.6 6.24 4.40 NA NA 4.11 
B-4 

DRC – The analyte was analyzed by the specified method along with the use of a dynamic reaction cell. HG-AFS – The analyte was analyzed using hydride generation – atomic fluorescence spectrometry. J - Result measured above the MDL, but less than the report limit. L - Sample result between 5x and 10x blank result. R - MS/MSD % Recovery outside method acceptance criteria. NA - Not analyzed. ND - Not detected (number in parenthesis is the report limit). U - Result below the MDL. (Number shown in parentheses is the report limit). 

Table B-1. Analytical Results for Metals in the FGD Wastewater Treat

Influent to Bioreactor 

FGD Influent (SP-1) Day 1 (SP-2) Day 2 (SP-2) 

Analyte Method Unit Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total Dissolved Total 

Zinc 1638 – DRC μg/L 526 R 69.7 R ND (2.00) U ND (2.00) U NA NA ND (2.00) 
Appendix C 

DATA REVIEW NARRATIVES 
 Computer Science Corporation 

 www.csc.com 

 6101 Stevenson Avenue 

 Alexandria VA, 22304 

 703.461.2000 Fax 703.461.2020

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: January 29, 2009 

TO: Ron Jordan, Work Assignment Manager, EPA EAD

FROM: Barbara Beard, Computer Sciences Corporation 

SUBJECT: Data Review Narrative for Total and Dissolved Metals Analyses for the Steam Electric 

Study, Episode 6557 

Under CSC Purchase Order 663127SSD, Agriculture & Priority Pollutant Lab, Inc. (APPL) submitted 

data for the analysis of metals by EPA Method 200.7. Five aqueous samples in this episode were 

analyzed for total and dissolved metals. Because influent samples for this study were expected to be 

highly variable in solids content, the laboratory was directed to obtain results for the solid phase if the 

total solids of the original sample were greater or equal to 1%. However, because the total solids for the 

FGD influent sample were < 1%, the sample was not phase separated. 

Table 1 provides a list of samples, matrices, descriptions, sampling dates, phases, and the required 

analytical methods. 

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates, and Analysis Methods 

EPA Sample # Matrix Sample Description Sampling Date Phase Method

71520 Aqueous SP1 

FGD Influent 10/21/08 Total 200.7 Dissolved 

71521 Aqueous SP2 

FGD Bioreactor Effluent 10/21/08 Total 200.7 Dissolved 

71523 Aqueous SP3D1 

FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 10/21/08 Total 200.7 Dissolved 

71525 Aqueous SP4D1 

FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 Duplicate 10/21/08 Total 200.7 Dissolved 

71529 Aqueous SP7D1 

FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 Field Blank 10/21/08 Total 200.7 Dissolved 

These data have been reviewed in accordance with CSC’s Data Review Guideline, (February 2008), and 

requirements included in Purchase Order 663127SSD. All data are of acceptable quality with the 

qualifiers described below and detailed in the data review summary table (Table 2). 

SUMMARY

All samples were successfully analyzed within method-specified holding times, and method detection 

limit (MDL) studies were successfully performed. All reported results were acquired under acceptable 

instrument calibration. The few metals detected above the method detection limit in the preparation 

blanks, initial calibration blanks, and continuing calibration blanks are discussed below. All ongoing 

precision and recovery (OPR), post digestion spike, and serial dilution sample recoveries were within 

criteria, demonstrating that laboratory performance for these analyses was acceptable, with the exception 

of the issues described below and summarized in Table 2. The MS/MSD analyses were performed on 

samples 71520 and 71523. 
2

DATA ISSUES

Method and Analytical Blanks

Metals were detected in associated preparation blanks (PBs), initial calibration blanks (CCBs), and in the 

continuing calibration blanks (CCBs) associated with the samples in this episode at concentrations greater 

than the respective MDLs. The data quality is affected as follows: 

• Sample Results Less than Five Times Blank Results: When the sample result is less than five 

times the blank result, there are no means by which to ascertain whether or not the presence of the 

analyte may be attributed to contamination. Therefore, SCC recommends that the data be 

reported in the database as a non-detect at the instrument detection limit, adjusted for dilution. 

The affected samples and analytes are as follows: 71529 Calcium-Total. 

• Sample Results Greater than Five Times but Less than Ten Times Blank Results: CSC considers 

these results to be of acceptable quality, but they may be maximum values. The result for total 

calcium in sample 70628 falls under this category. The affected samples and analytes are as 

follows: 71520 Cobalt-Dissolved, 71521 Aluminum-Dissolved and Arsenic-Dissolved, 71523 

Arsenic-Dissolved, and 71525-Aluminum-Dissolved. 

• Sample Results Greater than Ten Times Blank Results or Analyte Not Detected in Sample: CSC 

does not consider the presence of the analyte in the blank to adversely affect the data in cases 

where the sample results are greater than ten times the associated blank results or where the 

analyte is not detected in associated samples. Several samples fall into this category, and CSC 

considers such data to be acceptable without qualification. 

Matrix Performance 

MS/MSD analyses were performed on samples 71520 (total and dissolved) and 71523 (total and 

dissolved). The recoveries of several metals were outside the 75% - 125% acceptance criteria in both 

samples 71520 and 71523. All recoveries in the associated OPR were within the 80% - 100% OPR 

recovery acceptance range, suggesting that the recovery issues in the MS/MSD are related to the sample 

matrix, and not laboratory performance. The relative percent differences (RPDs) for all of the analytes in 

both MS/MSD pairs were less than 11%, indicating very good precision. 

When the analyte recovery exceeds the recovery criteria and the analyte is detected in the associated 

unspiked sample, the data are of acceptable quality, but CSC recommends that these results be considered 

as maximum values. These instances are detailed in Table 2. 

When the analyte recovery is below the recovery criteria and the analyte is detected in the associated 

unspiked sample, the data are of acceptable quality, but CSC recommends that these results be considered 

as minimum values. These instances are also detailed in Table 2. 

 

Due to the high concentrations of calcium and magnesium in samples 71520 and 71523, these metals 

were not qualified based on MS/MSD recovery. 
3

If you have any questions regarding the analyses of these samples or the review of these data, please 

contact Barbara Beard by telephone at (703) 461-2154, by facsimile at (703) 461-8056, or by email at 

bbeard2@csc.com.

cc: Brian D’Amico, EPA Deb Bartram, ERG 

Beverly Randolph, EPA TJ Finseth, ERG 

Marla Smith, EPA Lynn Walters, CSC 

Nelson Andrews, EPA Brian Englert, EPA 
4

Table 2 

Data Review Summary Table

Episode: 6557 Analysis: 200.7 Metals

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Barb Beard 

Sample Analyte Action Reason CSC 

Qual Level

71520 Cobalt - Dissolved Maximum Value Sample result >5x but <10x 

blank result NA See Database 

71521 Aluminum - Dissolved Maximum Value Sample result >5x but <10x 

blank result NA See Database 

71521 Arsenic - Dissolved Maximum Value Sample result >5x but <10x 

blank result NA See Database 

71523 Arsenic - Dissolved Maximum Value Sample result >5x but <10x 

blank result NA See Database 

71525 Aluminum - Dissolved Maximum Value Sample result >5x but <10x 

blank result NA See Database 

71529 Calcium - Total Report in database 

as not detected 

Sample result < 5x blank 

result NA ND 

71520 

Antimony - Total 

Beryllium - Total 

Chromium - Total 

Cobalt - Total 

Lead - Total 

Manganese - Total 

Nickel - Total 

Thallium - Total 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

below recovery criteria NA See Database 

71520 

Aluminum - Total 

Boron - Total 

Iron - Total 

Selenium - Total 

Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

above recovery criteria NA See Database 

71520 

Arsenic - Dissolved 

Boron - Dissolved 

Barium - Dissolved 

Chromium - Dissolved 

Cobalt - Dissolved 

Manganese - Dissolved 

Nickel - Dissolved 

Selenium - Dissolved 

Thallium - Dissolved 

Vanadium - Dissolved 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

below recovery criteria NA See Database 

71523 

Barium - Total 

Chromium - Total 

Thallium - Total 

Boron - Total 

Manganese - Total 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

below recovery criteria NA See Database 

71523 Boron - Dissolved Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

above recovery criteria NA See Database 

71523 

Arsenic - Dissolved 

Barium - Dissolved 

Chromium - Dissolved 

Thallium - Dissolved 

Vanadium - Dissolved 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery 

below recovery criteria NA See Database 

NA= Not applicable 
1 

MEMORANDUM 

DATE: February 6, 2009 

TO: Ron Jordan, Work Assignment Manager, EPA EAD 

FROM: Barbara Beard, Computer Sciences Corporation 

SUBJECT: Data Review Narrative for Total and Dissolved Trace Metals Analyses for the Steam 

Electric Study, Episode 6557 

OVERVIEW

Under CSC Purchase Orders 663048SSD and 6621000SSD, Frontier GeoSciences, Inc. submitted data for 

the analyses of trace metals for total and dissolved mercury (Hg) by Method 1631E, metals (antimony, 

arsenic, cadmium, copper, chromium, lead, nickel, selenium, silver, thallium, and zinc) by Method 1638, 

metals (antimony, arsenic, barium, beryllium, boron, cadmium, calcium, chromium, cobalt, copper, iron, 

lead, magnesium, manganese, nickel, selenium, silver, sodium, thallium, vanadium, and zinc) by Method 

200.8, hexavalent chromium by Method 1636, and arsenic and selenium by hydride generation-Atomic 

Fluorescence Spectrometry (HG-AFS). The specific analyses for each sample are listed in Table 1. Data 

review was performed on the submitted results from methods 1631, 1638, 200.8, and 1636. At EPA’s 

direction, the HG-AFS results are not included in this review. 

Because influent samples for this study were expected to be highly variable in solids content, the 

laboratory was directed to obtain results for the solid phase if the total solids of the original sample were 

greater or equal to 1%. However, because the total solids for the FGD influent sample (71520) were < 

1%, the solid phase was not calculated. 

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates, and Analysis Methods 

EPA Sample # Matrix Sample Description

Sampling 

Date Phase Method 

71520 Aqueous SP1 FGD Influent 10/21/08 

Total 1631 

1638 

Dissolved 1631 

1638 

71521 Aqueous SP2D1 FGD Influent Day 1 10/21/08 

Total 

200.8 

1631 

1638 

Dissolved 

200.8 

1631 

1636 

1638 

71522 Aqueous SP2D2 FGD Bio Influent Day 2 10/22/08 

Total 200.8 

1631 

Dissolved 200.8 

1631 

71523 Aqueous SP3D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 10/22/08 Total 

200.8 

1631 

1638 

71523 Aqueous SP3D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 10/22/08 Dissolved 

200.8 

1631 

1636 

1638 
2 

Table 1 - Sample Identifiers, Descriptions, Sampling Dates, and Analysis Methods 

EPA Sample # Matrix Sample Description

Sampling 

Date Phase Method 

71524 Aqueous SP3D2 FGD Bio Effluent Day 2 10/23/08 

Total 200.8 

1631 

Dissolved 200.8 

1631 

71525 Aqueous SP4D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 

Duplicate 10/22/08 

Total 

200.8 

1631 

1638 

Dissolved 

200.8 

1631 

1636 

1638 

71526 Aqueous SP5 FGD Influent Field Blank 10/21/08 Total 1631 

1638 

Dissolved 1638 

71527 Aqueous SP6D1 FGD Bio Influent Day 1 

Field Blank 10/21/08 

Total 1631 

1638 

Dissolved 1636 

1638 

71528 Aqueous SP6D2 FGD Bio Influent Day 2 

Field Blank 10/22/08 Total 1631 

Dissolved 

71529 Aqueous SP7D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 

Field Blank 10/22/08 

Total 

200.8 

1631 

1638 

Dissolved 

200.8 

1636 

1638 

71530 Aqueous SP7D2 FGD Bio Effluent Day 2 

Field Blank 10/23/08 Total 1631 

Dissolved 

These data have been reviewed in accordance with CSC’s Data Review Guideline, (February 2008), and 

requirements included. All data are of acceptable quality with the qualifiers described below and detailed 

in the data review summary table (Table 2). 

SUMMARY

All samples were successfully analyzed within method-specified holding times, all reported results were 

acquired under acceptable instrument calibrations, and all required blank analyses were performed. The 

few metals detected in the preparation and other blank analyses are discussed below. All Matrix Spike 

and Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD) recoveries were within criteria for methods 1631 and 1636. All 

ongoing precision and recovery (OPR) sample recoveries were within the laboratory’s criteria, 

demonstrating that laboratory performance for these analyses was acceptable, with the exception of the 

issues described below and summarized in Table 2. 

DATA ISSUES

Method and Analytical Blanks

Metals were detected in associated preparation blanks (PBs), initial calibration blanks (CCBs), continuing 

calibration blanks (CCBs) and other blanks associated with the samples in this episode at concentrations 

greater than the respective method detection limits. The data quality is affected as follows: 
3 

• Sample Results Less than Five Times Blank Results: When the sample result is less than five 

times the blank result, there are no means by which to ascertain whether or not the presence of the 

analyte may be attributed to contamination. Therefore, SCC recommends that the data be 

reported in the database as a non-detect at the instrument detection limit, adjusted for dilution. As 

listed in Table 2, zinc results in samples 71521, 71522, and 71523 are within this category. 

• Sample Results Greater than Ten Times Blank Results or Analyte Not Detected in Sample: CSC 

does not consider the presence of the analyte in the blank to adversely affect the data in cases 

where the sample results are greater than ten times the associated blank results or where the 

analyte is not detected in associated samples. Several samples fall into this category, and CSC 

considers such data to be acceptable without qualification. 

Matrix Performance 

Matrix Spike/Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD) analyses using methods 1638 and 1631 (dissolved and 

total) were performed on sample 71520. MS/MSD analyses using methods 200.8 and 1636 (dissolved 

and total) and method 1636 were performed on sample 71523. The laboratory performed a method 1631 

MS on the dissolved fraction of sample 71523, but was unable to perform a MSD due to limited sample 

volume. MS/MSD analyses using method 1631 (dissolved) was performed on sample 71524. 

Although all method 1631 and 1636 MS/MSD recoveries were within criteria, recoveries of several 

metals were outside the laboratory acceptance criteria for methods 1638 and 200.8. In every instance 

where the MS and/or MSD recoveries are outside of acceptance limits, the spike concentration was less 

than two times the sample concentration, indicating the possibility of matrix interference. The data 

quality is affected as follows, and any data qualification is summarized in Table 2. 

• When the analyte recovery exceeds the recovery criteria and the analyte is detected in the 

associated unspiked sample, the data are of acceptable quality, but CSC recommends that these 

results be considered as maximum values. 

• When the analyte recovery is below the recovery criteria and the analyte is detected in the 

associated unspiked sample, the data are of acceptable quality, but CSC recommends that these 

results be considered as minimum values. 

• If the recovery of an analyte is low in the MS, and the recovery for the s analyte is high in the 

MSD, or vice versa, the data for that analyte when detected in the associated unspiked sample are 

qualified as estimated. 

Due to the high concentrations of calcium and magnesium in samples 71520 and 71523, these metals 

were not qualified based on MS/MSD recovery. 

TECHNICAL NOTES 

Method Modifications 

To minimize the possible loss of volatile selenium during sample preparation, the laboratory used a 

closed-vessel digestion in preparing the samples. 

OPR Recovery Criteria 
4 

Method 200.8 includes acceptance criteria of 85-115% for the “laboratory fortified blank” (LFB). The 

LFB is equivalent to the ongoing precision and recovery (OPR) sample described in Method 1638 and 

other 1600-Series methods. Method 1638 includes OPR acceptance criteria that vary by analyte and are 

generally wider than the range listed in Method 200.8. 

Given the similarities between the two analytical methods, the laboratory opted to apply the analytespecific OPR limits in Method 1638 to both procedures, augmenting them with in-house limits for the 

metals in Method 200.8 that are not in Method 1638. 

In evaluating the OPR results, CSC used the limits from Method 1638 and the laboratory’s in-house limits 

for the other metals. All of the OPR results were those acceptance criteria. 

Preparation Blanks 

The laboratory routinely prepares three preparation blanks with every batch of samples and averages the 

results for these blanks. While this approach is described in EPA Method 1631 (for mercury), it is not 

described in Method 1638. CSC evaluated the field sample results against each of the preparation blanks 

separately (not against the mean result). Therefore, our evaluation of the blanks represents a worst-case 

scenario for each analyte. 

Sample Duplicates 

The relative percent difference (RPD) between sample 71523 (SP3D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1) and 

sample 71525 (SP4D1 FGD Bio Effluent Day 1 Duplicate) was greater than 20% for several analytes; 

however, samples are not typically qualified based on sample duplicate results. 

Additional Analytes 

Two additional analytes, arsenic and chromium, were included for evaluation by Method 1638. 

Minimum Levels 

In order to alleviate matrix interference and to obtain caused by high levels of dissolved solids, the 

laboratory performed various dilutions on several samples on which Method 200.8 and 1638 were 

performed. MLs are adjusted appropriately. 

Field or Filtration Blanks 

No analytes were detected in the field or filtration blanks above the minimum reporting level (ML) except 

for total mercury in samples 71527 and 71528; however, samples are not typically qualified based on 

field blank results. 

If you have any questions regarding the analyses of these samples or the review of these data, please 

contact Barbara Beard by telephone at (703) 461-2154, by facsimile at (703) 461-8056, or by email at 

bbeard2@csc.com. 

cc: 
5 

Table 2

Data Review Summary Table 

Episode: 6557 Analysis: Trace Metals 

Industry: Steam Electric Study Reviewer: Barb Beard 

Sample Method Analyte(s) Action Reason CSC 

Qual

71523 200.8 Boron-Dissolved Estimated Value MS/MSD Recoveries outside acceptance 

criteria NA 

71523 200.8 Manganese-Dissolved 

Sodium-Dissolved Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery above 

recovery criteria NA 

71523 200.8 Cadmium-Dissolved Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery above 

recovery criteria NA 

71523 200.8 Barium-Total 

Nickel-Total Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery above 

recovery criteria NA 

71523 200.8 

Aluminum-Total 

Boron-Total 

Cadmium-Total 

Manganese-Total 

Selenium-Total 

Sodium-Total 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery below 

recovery criteria NA 

71520 1638 

Arsenic-Dissolved 

Selenium-Dissolved 

Thallium-Dissolved 

Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery below 

recovery criteria NA 

71520 1638 Nickel-Dissolved 

Zinc-Dissolved Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery above recovery criteria NA 

71520 1638 Antimony-Total Estimated Value MS/MSD Recoveries outside acceptance 

criteria NA 

71520 1638 Arsenic-Total 

Silver-Total Minimum Value MS/MSD percent recovery below recovery criteria NA 

71520 1638 

Cadmium-Total 

Chromium-Total 

Copper-Total 

Lead-Total 

Nickel-Total 

Selenium-Total 

Thallium-Total 

Zinc-Total 

Maximum Value MS/MSD percent recovery above 

recovery criteria NA 

71521 1638 Zinc-Total Report in database as 

not detected Sample result < 5x blank result 

71521 

71522 

71523 

200.8 Zinc-Total 

Zinc-Dissolved 

Report in database as 

not detected Sample result < 5x blank result 

 

NA= Not Applicable 
Appendix D 

PICTURES FROM THE SAMPLING EPISODE 
D-1 

Figure D-1. Sampler Working Inside a “Cleanbox” 
D-2 

Figure D-2. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Influent to the FGD Wastewater Treatment 

System 
D-3 

Figure D-3. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Pump-Off Station 
D-4 

Figure D-4. Sample Collection Set-Up at the Influent to the Bioreactor System 
D-5 

Figure D-5. Sample Tap and Tubing at the Effluent from the Bioreactor System