GPO Organization 

(as of September 30, 1993) 

PUBLIC PRINTER 

··················--·· 

DEPUlY PUBLIC PRINTER* 

r I I T I 

EQUAL OFFIC

EMPLOYMENT IRM POLICY AND 

ADMINISTRATIVE OPPORTUNilY AND GENERAL INSPECTOR COORDINATION OFFICE OF CONGRES

LAW JUDGE LABOR/EMPLOYEE COUNSEL GENERAL STAFF BUDGET LEGISLAT

RELATIONS STAFF PUBLIC A

I I T 

CUSTOMER SERVICES OFFICE OF ADMINISTRATION PROCUREMENT SERVICES PRODUCTION SERVICES 

I I 

CONGRESSIONAL DEPARTMENTAL OCCUPATIONAL MATERIALS PRINTING 

PRINTING ACCOUNT ENGINEERING HEALTH AND MANAGEMENT PROCUREMENT PRODUCTION 

MANAGEMENT REPRESENTATIVE SERVICE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT DEPARTMENT 

DIVISION DMSION SERVICES 

I I 

INSTITUTE FOR OFFICE OF OUALilY 

lYPOGRAPHV 

FEDERAL AND DESIGN OFFICE OF THE INFORMATION CONTROL AND 

PRINTING AND DIVISION COMPTROLLER RESOURCES TECHNICAL 

PUBLISHING MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT 

I 

OFFICE OF PERSONNEL 

PLANNING SERVICE 

SECURilY 

AND SUPPORT 

SERVICES 

*OIRM designated senior official (DSO}. 
United States Government Printing Office 

II 

II 

Annual Report 
PRODUCTION AND 

DISTRIBUTION NOTES 

This publication was printed in vegetable ink on alkaline recycled paper. 

Paper copies have been distributed to 

approximately 1,400 Federal depository libraries nationwide where they 

are available for the free use of the 

public. Contact GPO's Library 

Programs Service at (202) 512-1119 

to find the Federal depository library 

nearest you. 

Printed copies are also available on 

request without charge from GPO's 

Office of Congressional, Legislative, 

and Public Affairs at (202) 512-1991. 

The electronic text of this publication 

is available free of charge from GPO's 

Federal Bulletin Board. 

Telnet federal.bbs.gpo.gov 3001 

(Internet port 3001), or dial-in 

(202) 512-1387. From the main menu, 

type: s annual report <enter>. 

L ast year, ·when the VVhite 

House wanted to inform the 

Nation about the President's 

health care bill, it turned to the Govermnent Printing Office (GPO). just 

48 hours a:fter getting the manuscript, 

print and electronic versions of the 

1,342-page Health Security Act 

the 148-page explanatory booklet 

Health Security: The President's 

Report to the American People were 

available fmm GPO's books toTes nationwide by phone, fax, and mail order, and 

online over GPO's electronic Ji'ederal 

Bulletin Board. Copies also went to Federal depository libraries around the 

Nation, where these and other Government documents aTe used free of charge 

by more than 167,000 persons each 

week. The health care documents quickly 

became GPO's hottest dissemination 

items for the year. 

Every 6 years, GPO prints the U.S. 

Code, the compilation of all codified 

Federal laws. Each printed set comprises 

30, 000 typeset pages in 24 bound volumes, weighs over 150 pounds, occupies 

5 feet of shelf space, and costs over 

$1,200. In 1993, woTkingwith 

Law Revision Counsel in the House of 

Representatives, GPO converted this 

publication to an electronic format. 

Now, in addition to paper, the entire 

Code can be found on one CD-ROM 

with user-friendly search and retrieval 

capabilities. With a 24-page user manual, each Code disc weighs half a 

pound in its mailing cm·ton and occupies about a halfinch of shelf space. 

And at $34 per set, the price is a lot 

more user-friendly, too. 

In a situation that's common for 

GPO, an agency faxed in a Jmnting 

requisition after 3 p.m. on a Friday 

afternoon for the partial delivery of 

1, 000 copies of a 6o-page, two-color 

product by that Sunday. GPO was asked 

to buy the product from a commercial 

Informing t in an 

printer named by the agency and to double check the quality of the job while it 

was still on the contractor's press. Three 

GPO staffers stayed late to write the specifications, develop a bid list, advertise 

and award the job, schedule the press 

inspection, and Temain available tO traubleslzoot any problems that might arise. 

As a result, the job was delivered on time, 

reflecting GPO :s overall on-time delivery 

rate of 95.1 percent in 1993. And it, was 

done for less than the agency was prepared to spend: the contractor suggested 

by the agency submitted a bid of 

$34,000. GPO procured the job for 

$16, 900--a saving to the taxpayers of 

over 50 percent. 

These stories represent only a 

fraction of the work GPO performed in 1993, a year when GPO 

produced or procured over 

279,000 printing and other publication orders for Congress and Federal agencies and distributed more 

than 103.9 million copies of Government publications to the public. 

Yet they typify the job that GPOamong all Federal agencies-is best 

equipped to perform: the timely 

provision of cost-effective, highquality products to meet the information needs of the (';a{)vernment 

and the public. Informing the 

Nation in an economical, comprehensive, and equitable manner has 

been GPO's business for over 130 

years, and it's a mission we continued to serve in 1993. 

"Printing" is still GPO's middle 

name, but increasingly that term 

has come to include the new 

electronic digital products of 

the Information Age: 

CD-ROMs, diskettes, and online 

dissemination. For GPO, making 

the leap from ink-on-paper to electronic technology was the logical 

way to go. For several years, GPO's 

printing system has depended on 

electronic typesetting from computerized databases. As information 

technologies have matured, it's 

become feasible to utilize these 

databases for other purposes-to 

premaster them, for example, for 

CD-ROM replication, or to upload 

them for online dissemination. We 

now take the view that the most 

basic form of a Government publication is its electronic form, which 

can be the basis for generating that 

publication in multi-media range of 

both electronic and print formats. 

This was the view taken by Congress and President Clinton when 

the GPO Electronic Information 

Access Enhancement Act (P.L. 

103-40) was enacted into law on 

June 8, 1993. Under this farsighted 

legislation, GPO was required to 

provide, within a year, a system of 

online access to the Congressional 

Record, the Federal Register, and other 

appropriate documents; maintain a 

directory of Federal electronic 

information; and operate an electronic storage facility for Federal 

electronic information. 

With GPO's Access service, people from all walks of life will be able 

to go into most Federal depository 

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libraries and get immediate, userfriendly, no-fee access to online versions of the Congressional Record so 

they can stay current with the latest 

action on Capitol Hill. They ~ill be 

able to get the same kind of access 

to the most current Federal Register, 

to find out if new or proposed Government regulations will affect 

them. And for those who want to 

log onto the Access service from 

their own computers at home or at 

work, this information and other 

information to be added will be 

available in a standardized range of 

formats, and at a standardized set of 

low prices. GPO's Access service 

represents a remarkable new development in improving access by the 

public to Government information, 

positioning GPO as a major contributor to the information highway 

envisioned by President Clinton and 

Vice President Gore. 

P.L. 103-40 was the first major 

amendment to GPO's authorizing 

legislation-Title 44 of the U.S. 

Code-in many years. But this 

long-term legislative stability was 

not because of Congressional and 

Presidential inattention. Instead, it 

was because Title 44 undergirds an 

extraordinarily well thought-out 

system of printing and documents 

distribution, a system that achieves 

substantial benefits for taxpayers 

and Government information 

users every day. 

With GPO, the Government 

avoids the needless overcapitalization of in plant printing resources 

by maintaining only the capability 

to produce work that cannot be 

cost-effectively procured from the 

private sector. Comparatively little 

printing sent to GPO is produced 

inplant. Instead, the vast majoritymore than 73 percent-is procured 

from commercial printing firms 

nationwide. For the executive 

branch of the Government, over 93 

I 

While ink-on-paper formats will be 

used for the foreseeable future, the 

old ways of doing business-of 

getting Government documents 

printed and distributed-are 

changing with the growing use of 

electronic information systems, especially in response to the technology 

leadership of the Clinton Administration. 

percent of its commercially procurable work is purchased from the 

private sector. 

In the private sector, over 10,000 

firms with about 200,000 employees-representing a quarter of the 

printing industry-compete for 

GPO printing contracts in an open 

bidding system. This system holds 

down printing prices dramatically: 

GPO routinely procures work for 

half of what it would cost agencies 

to produce themselves, representing a saving for taxpayers of over 

half a billion dollars in 1993. At the 

same time, GPO printing contracts 

regularly generate thousands of jobs 

in one of the most important small 

business sectors of the economy, as 

well as substantial Federal, State, 

and local tax revenues. 

When printing is produced or procured through a centralized structure like GPO's, there is a broad 

range of other benefits for the taxpayers as well. For example, compliance with Governmentwide printing 

standards can be assured and a standard system of printing quality can 

be maintained. As the largest single 

consumer of printing and writing 

papers in the Government, GPO 

ensures the Government's increased 

use of recycled paper, especially 

under President Clinton's Executive 

Order on recycling issued in October 1993. GPO also ensures the use 

of alkaline and permanent papers 

to prevent the deterioration of 

important Government documents 

having enduring value. And GPO is 

the best place to grow the Government's utilization of vegetable-based 

inks as an environmentally-sound 

alternative to petroleum-based inks. 

The most important feature of 

GPO, however, lies in the link 

between it<; printing and distribution 

operations. This link enables GPO's 

Superintendent of Documents to 

make selections for distribution from 

the total body of publications we 

print or procure each day. The ability to make comprehensive selections 

is critical to the operation of the 

Depository Library Program, which 

disseminates Government publications to 1,400 libraries nationwide 

for the free use of the public, ensuring an equitable foundation for 

broad-scale access to Government 

information. Dating back to 1813, 

the Depository Library Program 

remains one of the Government's 

most visible commitments to the 

proposition that a public informed 

about the activities of its Government is essential to maintaining our 

democracy. The link also supports 

GPO's Sales Program, which sells 

millions of copies of low-priced Government publications every year. 

Unlike most other Government 

efforts, our Sales Program covers all 

of its costs out of the revenues it 

earns and doesn't receive a penny in 

taxpayer-supported appropriations. 

The Government is undergoing a 

significant transition today in terms 

of information technology. While 

ink-on-paper formats will be used 

for the foreseeable future, the old 

ways of doing business-of getting 

Government documents printed 

and distributed-are changing 
tence is also lvith the 

costs less. But caution needs to be 

to 

access to Government information in an 'Lvvuv"'""<""· en:ectlV 

manner. This is the 

context vvithin 

reinvent GPO need to 

E DiMARIO 

Public Printer 

I 3 
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The public printing and documents 

chapters of Title 44 of the U.S. 

Code require GPO to fulfill the 

printing needs of the Federal Government and distribute Government publications to the public. In addition, an 

amendment to Title 44 enacted in 1993 

requires GPO to provide a number of dissemination and related services in electronic online format. 

GPO fulfills its printing responsibility by 

producing publications inplant or procuring them from private sector printers. 

GPO's printing production and procurement activities are performed at a Central 

Office facility in Washington, DC, and by 5 

regional printing plants, 14 regional procurement offices, and 6 satellite procurement facilities around the Nation. 

Publications distribution activities are 

overseen by GPO's Superintendent of Documents, and include sales of publications, 

distribution to depository and international exchange libraries, agency and statutory distribution, and the cataloging and 

indexing of Government documents. 

These activities are performed from centrally located operations in Washington, 

DC; distribution centers in Laurel, MD, 

and Pueblo, CO; from a Congressional 

Sales Office in Washington, DC; and from 

23 GPO bookstores nationwide. 

GPO FINANCING 

All GPO activities are financed through a 

business-like Revolving Fund, which is reimbursed by payments from customer agencies, sales to the public, and transfers from 

the Congressional Printing and Binding 

Appropriation and the Salaries and 

Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Documents. 

Appropriated Funds 

The Congressional Printing and Binding 

Appropriation and the Salaries and 

Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Documents are used to reimburse 

GPO for actual costs incurred in performing congressional work and to fulfill statutory requirements associated with the distribution of Government publications. The 

reimbursements from these appropriations 

are included in GPO's total revenue. 

For fiscal1993, due to a declining 

printing workload and a continuing freeze on prices, GPO experienced a consolidated net loss of 

$14.1 million, compared to a 

$5.2 million loss in 1992. 

Annual Budget 

For 1993, the total operating expenses 

charged against GPO's budget (after 

intraprogram eliminations) were $830.7 

million. Appropriated funds from 

Congress provided a total of$106.2 million 

of this amount, or about 13 percent. These 

funds included $80 million from the Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation and $26.2 million from the Salaries 

and Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Document~. All other GPO 

activities, including inplant printing, procured printing, sales of publications, 

agency distribution services, and all administrative support functions, were financed 

through the Revolving Fund by revenues 

generated by payments from agencies and 

sales to the public. 

The single largest component of GPO's 

annual expenses is for procured printing. 

In 1993, procured printing totaled $469.2 

million, or about 57 percent of total 

expenses (after intraprogram eliminations). The second largest component was 

personnel compensation and benefits. In 

1993, these components totaled $235.8 million, or about 28 percent of all expenses. 

GPO PRICING 

General Scale of Prices 

All GPO inplant printing, including congressional printing, is priced according to 

all-inclusive hourly rates. These rates combine the costs oflabor, machine time, and 

"overhead"-which includes the costs of 

direct production support as well as general and administrative support costs-into 

standard rates for each production operation and class according to the kinds of 

work performed. The time spent on each 

operation and class is logged into an automated system called PROBE-Production 

Reporting of Operations Budgeting and 

Expenditures. Production rates are subsequently applied to the PROBE data and 

added to materials costs to determine final 

job costs. Ordinarily, inplant rates in the 

General Scale of Prices are adjusted periodically to ensure they are set at full costrecovery levels. However, the General Scale 

of Prices has not been acljusted since 1990 

in an effort to hold the line on prices to 

customer agencies. 

Procurement Surcharge 

Procured work is billed at the contractor's cost of the procured job plus a 6 percent surcharge (there is a $10 minimum for 

small orders; the surcharge is applied up to 

a job cost of$100,000, after which the rate 

decreases to 3 percent, with a dollar maximum of$10,000). The surcharge covers all 

of the costs of contracting work, such as 

drafting specifications and bidding, awarding, and administering contracts, plus all 

other associated work, such as certiJ)'ing the 

vouchers submitted by contractors and pay 

ing them, and billing the agencies for the 

work performed. Other services covered 

are the provision of!egal advice to contracting officers and dispute resolution through 

GPO's Board of Contract Appeals. Occasionally, a rush job through GPO's Printing 

Procurement Program may be billed a 9 

percent surcharge for expedited work. In 

reality, however, few procured jobs are 

billed at 9 percent since most existing contracts are capable of handling expedited 

work on a routine basis. 

Publication Sales Prices 

Under section 1708 ofTitle 44, publications offered for sale by the Superintendent 

of Documents are to be sold at "cost, as 

determined by the Public Printer, plus 50 

percent." Costs include the cost of printing 

and binding, handling, and postage. The 

50 percent factor covers the costs of 

reprints, statutorily authorized 25-percent 

discounts to bookdealers and quantity purchasers, unsalable publications, and related 

expenses. The typical publication ranges in 

price from 50 cent~ to $17.00, with the average price of about $11.00. This compares 

favorably with the average prices for similar 

books in the private sector bookdealing 

industry. Even at these low prices, the Sales 

Program has fully recovered its cost in 

every fiscal year since 1982. 
Under P.L. 103-40, the GPO 

Access service is ·without 

to 

The libraries, in turn, provide free access to the service. 

withof Title 

are set so as to recover the 

incremental cost of dissemination. 

Under the 

sions the Federal Service "-'"'"'"''-'""""Jo("'-

ment Relations Statute, GPO deals with 

unions on all 

and matters a"''"'"''" 

other than 

the 

increased costs due to 

Consolidated revenue decreased 

million, or 12 

in 1992 

revenue Y'P•nr•>CP•fl 

91 percent of GPO's consolidated 

revenue. 

cent was used for 

percent was sold to 

in 

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with a net income in as 

the result of less revenues from the sale of 

fixed assets. Sales of fixed assets in 1992 

included the sale of 

of the 

a result, these 

GPO Consolidated Revenues 

(In Millions of Dollars) 

$1,019 

$923.6 

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

I 

4,931 

4,785 

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 

sustained a combined net loss 

rnl>H>C>l'P•rf with a net lOSS of 

reductions in 

revenue, expense, and net loss were 

attributable to the of the 

procurement activities was 

'""'mn.<>n•rt with million in I 992. 

of 

the cost of 

year. 

Revenue from sales of Government 

bll,cat.Jorls in electronic formats more 

doubled in 1993, to million 

rnrnr-.:n·Prl with in 1992. For the 

bookstore revmillion from 

~~eiJtcy Distribution Services: On 

GPO 

million in 

revenue on million in costs, v'c'u'·"" 

net income of $114,000. 

Salaries and l'..XJPelltses Pn>~ams: 

the International ~xcn;m~~e Proc<r::.•rn 

million in 1993, rmnne>rF•rl 

million in 1992. 

million in 1992. 

Net Income from Sales 

of Publications 

(In Millions of Dollars) 

$6.4 

$.9 

1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 
Major expenditures included Central 

Office construction for the relocation of 

employees from leased space at Union Center Plaza in Washington, DC; inhouse software development; a bundler; elevator renovations; and renovating the Atlanta 

Bookstore. 

CASH AND DEBT MANAGEMENT 

PERFORMANCE MEASURES 

Payment Performance 

In 1993, GPO continued its strong payment performance by taking prompt payment discounts when it was to the Government's advantage. GPO's total purchased 

printing expense for 1993 was $492.3 million after taking prompt payment discounts 

of $7.3 million. The ratio of discounts to 

net purchased printing was 1.48 percent. 

This compares hlvorably with the goal for 

1993 of a 1.4 percent prompt payment discount ratio. It also compares f~worably with 

the 1992 prompt payment discount ratio of 

1.34 percent, based on $585.9 million in 

purchased printing expense and $7.9 million in discounts. Discounts lost decreased 

to $178,000 in 1993 from $302,000 the previous year, and was well within the goal of 

$275,000 for discounts lost for the year. 

Electronic Payments 

Since 1988, GPO has been using electronic funds transfer (EFT) for payments to 

commercial printing contractors. GPO 

expanded its use of EFT in 1989 to include 

payroll and savings allotments. The use of 

electronic payments results in a savings to 

GPO and the U.S. Treasury, since paper 

checks do not have to be produced and 

processed. Each month in 1993, GPO made 

approximately 23,400 EFT payments, or 

nearly 71 percent of all payments. This 

compares with 23,700 EFT payments per 

month, or 68 percent of all payments, in fiscal 1992. GPO's goal for 1993 was to average 24,000 monthly EFT transactions. The 

goal was not met due to the overall decline 

in printing orders during tl1e year. 

Federal Receivables 

In 1993, GPO billed the Government 

$786.5 million for printing and binding 

services. Of this amount, $440.'1 million, or 

56 percent, was collected using the Treasury Department's Online Payment and 

Collection System (OPAC). GPO's receivables turnover-the number of days it 

takes to collect accounts receivable from 

customers-was 186 times per year, or 2 

davs to collect, from civilian customer 

ag~ncies. It was 4.8 times per year, or 76 

days to collect, from Department of 

Defense (DOD) installations. 

The average monthly delinquent receivables in 1993 were $12.7 million, or 28 percent of the average outstanding receivables. 

DOD was GPO's largest delinquent 

account, with a monthly average delinquent receivable balance of $11.4 million, 

or 90 percent of all delinquent receivables. 

DOD was also GPO's largest delinquent 

customer in 1992. GPO has been working 

with DOD management to resolve this 

problem, and a special task force has been 

established in DOD to research and pay 

GPO invoices. Another goal of the task 

force is to convert DOD's payment process 

from a manual to an electronic system. 

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I nformation is the lif:blood of the con. -

Btlls, amendment~. 

resolutions, committee 

reports, committee and most 

the record of floor nrrv·.c>Pficonduct of Je!lclst:atnle 

HilL Without 

would to a halt 

District of Columbia. 

Central Office revenues also 

included revenues from sales of blank 

paper to Federal "~'~'"·'co 

ton, DC, area, million in 

1993, as well as the revenues from materials which totaled 

I 

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work, are measured as hours" 

which the all-inclusive rates are 

In hours 

decreased to 1,356,000 from 1,410,000 in 

1992, or 4 percent. These results did not 

meet uuu«<)o;<C 

was due nrin,-m," to reduced congressional in 1993. 

\'\'hile overtime is a useful tool to meet 

schedules, 

work, GPO 

time use to necessary levels. In 

1993, overtime hours decreased to 

438,000 from 519,000 in 1992, or 16 

cent. The cost of overtime to 

million in 1992, 

the year, GPO sueof the 

hours, which was the amount of 

overtime used in 1991. 

and delivered the next 

every is in session. 

in and 

contained about the same amount type 

a reduction of 29 percent. 

issue was 688 pages. 

Record was 

newspatwo-thirds of this cost is for prepress work, 

the copy submitted 

the and 
and revising the composed text, and 

preparing the work for the pressroom. 

Once manufactured, each original page is 

printed approximately 18,300 times, reducing the actual per-page unit cost to slightly 

more than 2.5 cent~. 

Congressional Record Delivery 

A significant measure of GPO's plant performance is the percentage of time the Congressional Record is delivered on time. The 

required delivery time is by 9 a.m. the following day, regardless of whether the Senate 

or House of Representatives is in session. 

In 1993, GPO's goal was to deliver the 

Congressional Record on schedule at least 94 

percent of the time. This allowed for 

instances when late-evening congressional 

sessions and other reasons caused the copy 

to be furnished to GPO later than the 

scheduled time (midnight). Actual delivery 

performance during the year was 94.2 percent, an improvement over the previous !!)'~ , when on-time deliveries were achieved 

percent of the time. 

Congressional Record Index 

The Congressional Record Index Office 

creates an index of the proceedings and 

debates published in the daily Congressional 

Record. The Office also prepares indexes for 

publication in the bound Record. 

During 1993, approximately 32,700 

pages of the Congressional Record were 

indexed, compared with 35,600 pages in 

1992. The Office finished final review and 

released the 1986 and 1987 Indexes for 

publication. In addition, work was begun 

on the 1988, 1992, and 1993 Indexes. 

Bound Congressional Record 

After the close of each session of 

Congress, the daily proceedings are consolidated, indexed, and printed as the permanent, or bound, edition of the Congressional Record. Of the 530 bound sets 

printed, approximately 140 are for congressional use while another 140 are distributed to Federal agencies and other 

recipients designated by law. The remainsets are requisitioned by the SuperinIOIJ:F·nr!Prtt of Documents for GPO's Sales and 

~POSitm·v Library Programs. Along with 

sets of the bound Record, addisets are produced on microfiche 

and CD-ROM for distribution through the 

Sales, Depository Library, and Internationa! Exchange Programs. In 1993, work 

continued on tl1e production of the 

indexes for 1986-1988, and on back issues 

of the bound Record for 1989-1991. 

OTHER CONGRESSIONAl PRODUCTS 

AND SERVICES 

Bills, Resolutions and Amendments 

GPO prints congressional bills, resolutions, and amendments as they are introduced, referred, reported, and finally 

passed. In 1993, GPO plinted 139,500 original pages of bills, resolutions, and amendments, compared with 179,000 pages in 

1992. Total billings to Congress for this 

work were $11.4 million, compared with 

$12.7 million in 1992. 

Hearings 

GPO prints healings conducted before 

congressional committees. In 1993, 493,700 

original pages of hearings were printed, 

compared with 528,000 pages the previous 

year. Total billings were $14.7 million, compared with $15.5 million in 1992. 

Business and Committee Calendars 

This production category covers the 

printing of Senate and House of Representatives business and committee calendars 

that list action on pending and completed 

legislation. In 1993, GPO printed 25,500 

original pages of business and committee 

calendars, compared with 36,900 pages in 

1992. Total billings were $1.4 million, compared with $2.4 million in 1992. 

Committee Reports 

GPO prints reports of congressional 

committees, including conference reports. 

In 1993, 53,700 original pages of committee reports were printed, compared with 

67,200 pages the previous year. Total 

billings were $4.3 million, compared with 

$4.3 million in 1992. 

Committee Prints 

These include publications printed for 

the internal use of committees. In 1993, 

GPO printed 78,700 original pages of committee prints, compared with 42,500 pages 

in 1992. Total billings were $2.7 million, 

compared with $2.5 million in 1992. 

Documents 

This category of publications includes all 

classes of Senate and House of Representatives documents ordered printed by 

Congress which carry a congressional number, such as annual reports, engineers' 

reports, special reports made by Federal 

agencies in response to congressional resolutions, and supplementary and deficiency 

estimates of appropliations. In 1993, GPO 

printed 35,500 original pages of documents 

compared with 33,200 pages the previous 

year. Total billings were $2.2 million, compared with $1.8 million in 1992. 

Miscellaneous Publications 

These documents include the Congressional Directory, which is printed every 2 

years; the Journals of the Senate and House 

of Representatives; memorial addresses for 

Members; nominations; the United States 

Cod<~, which is printed every 6 years, and 

annual Code supplements; serial sets of congressional publications; and publications 

that do not carry a document or report 

number, such as Jaws and treaties. In 1993, 

GPO printed 50,600 original pages of these 

publications, compared with 38,500 pages 

in 1992. Total billings were $4.6 million, 

compared with $4.1 million in 1992. 

Miscellaneous Printing and Binding 

This production category includes congressional letterheads, envelopes, blank 

paper, wall calendars, miscellaneous services, 

blank forms, and binding for the Senate and 

House of Representatives. In 1993, GPO produced 204.2 million units of this work compared with 241.6 million units in 1992, genentting total billings of$16.1 million, 

compared with $16.7 million in 1992. 

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Document Envelopes and 

Document Franks 

GPO provides document envelopes to 

Senatocs and Representatives for the mailing of speeches and documents. Docnment 

franks are printed individually or in sheets 

with perforations and are fiJrnished t.o 

Members of Congress. In 1993, GPO provided 24.8 million envelopes and 2.4 million 

franks to compared with 39.7 million envelopes and 3.1 million franks in 

1992, generating total billings of$1 million, 

compared with $1.3 million in 1992. 

Details to Congress 

GPO d(~tails experts in the printing crafts 

to congressional committees and offices to 

assist in the preparation of congressional 

printing. Sixty-eight GPO pecsonnel were 

detailed to 39 congressional sites in I 993, 

generating total billings of$3.9 million, 

compared with $4.9 million in 1992. In 

1992, 75 GPO personnel were detailed to 

43 congressional sites. After meetings with 

congressional staffs in 1993, there was a 

reduction in the amount of overtime 

worked by the details. In addition, GPO 

installed ~oftware to permit the reporting 

of overtime electronically, eliminating 

costly reporting errors. 

NEW PRODUCTS AND SERVICES fOR 

CONGRESS 

Inaugural Work 

Under the direction of the Joint Committee on Inaugural Ceremonies, GPO 

designed and produced all of the materials 

used in the inauguration of President Clinton and Vice President Gore on January 20, 

199:~. To accomplish this, GPO worked 

directly with the Joint Committee, the Capitol Police, the Architect of the Capitol, the 

Secret Service, and the commanders of the 

various military services. 

In concept, the materials created for the 

inaugural ceremonies were similar to those 

in previous years, except this time the Great 

Seal of the President. of the United Stat.es 

served as the central design element. The 

real challenge was in maintaining desigu 

continuity throughout more than 100 differem pieces, including photographs of the 

President-elect and Vice President-elect; a 7-

color map; luncheon invitation, menu, and 

program; stationery and 25 varieties of 

envelopes; more than 40 different types of 

ticket~; 23 assorted vehicle passes; and 32 

I 

18" x 18" directional weather-resistant 

All of these products were produced or procured on schedule. 

Two unique a~pect~ of the materials wert~ 

the addition of a new large Mall standing 

area ticket to allow an additional 80,000 citizens to participate in the cere· 

mony, and the use of 50-percent recycled 

paper on most 

Congressional Pictorial Directory 

For the first time, the Congressional Picto-

'Was produced electronically 

and output to film negatives. A combination of contractor· and GPO-scanned photographs of Memm~rs of the l 03d Congress 

were retouched, masked, and scaled to size 

on the Typography and Design Division's 

Macintosh system, using Adobe Photoshop. 

All text and images were imported into 

page layouts using Quark X Press. The 

entire 212-page directory, with 571 

screened images in position, was output on 

GPO's Linotronic 300 film imagesetter. 

By scanning all of the photographs and 

retaining this image database, the rephotographing of Members of Congress 

should not be necessary for future congressional pictorial directories. Additional 

scanned images can be added to the existing databas(' and stored digitally for use at 

any time. 

New Technology Services 

In a pilot program jointly coordiuated 

among GPO, Congress, and the Office of 

Management and Budget (OMB), electronic files of enrolled bills are now disseminated to OMB after release by the 

enrolling clerks. This process enables OMB 

to receive and redistribute the enrolled bill 

in less time. In addition, as a result of meetings involving GPO and Senate officials, the 

Senate now submits approximately onethird of its Congressional Record proceedings 

in electronic format, reducing the amount 

of keyboarding required by GPO. 

At the end of 1993, there were 49 committees utilizing 114 systems with dial-up 

composition capabilities, an incn~ase of2 

committees over 1992. Three committees 

updated their systems to MICROCOMP, and 

there were 27 committees that leased 

ers capable of furnishing copy 

to GPO, decreasing their printing costs. 

GPO ACCESS SERVICE 

Early in the 1 03d two similar 

bills (S. 564 and H.R. were submitted, leading to the enactment of the GPO 

Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of 1993 (P.L. l 03-40). The legislation had broad suppon. It was 

into law by Clinton on 

June 8, 1993. In a statemt~nt on the signing 

of the bill, the President noted, 'This 

important step forward in t.he electronic 

dissemination of Federal information will 

provide valuable insights into the most 

effective means of disseminating all public 

Government. information." 

P.L. 103-40 Requirements 

Undt~r the new law, GPO is required to 

provide a of online access to the Omthe Fe(leml Register; and other 

appropriate publications; maintain an electronic directory of Federal electnmic inf(lrmation; and operate an ele<:tronic storage 

f~Kility tor Federal electronic information. To 

the extent practicable, GPO is required to 

accommodate requests by department or 

heads to disseminate their informathe GPO Access service. 

GPO is authorized to charge reasonable 

fees for the use of the GPO Access service, 

except that depository libraries are to have 
access at no charge. Fees must be set so as 

to recover the incremental cost of dissemination. Depository library access will be 

paid from the depository library portion of 

the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation of 

the Superintendent of Documents. P.L. 

103-40 required the GPO Access service to 

be implemented 1 year from the date of 

enactment, by June 8, 1994. 

Online Access: Initial Services 

By the end of 1993, work was proceeding 

to provide full-text search and retrieval for 

the Congressional Record and the Federal Register via a Wide Area Information Server 

(WAlS) located at GPO. In designing the 

WAIS server applications, GPO specified 

that the service should utilize existing 

equipment in order to minimize costs; be 

compatible and work with the Internet, as 

well as be accessible through asynchronous 

communications (telephone and modem); 

and satisfy publisher and public requirements that online access to the Record and 

~\pe Register include the complete publicalions, including all tables and other graphics. These features were incorporated into 

Phase I of the online dissemination features of the GPO Access service, to become 

operational in June 1994. 

Online Access: SGML 

Implementation 

To meet a broader spectrum of depository 

library and public needs, GPO also began 

work on defining requirements for an 

enhanced online interactive Access service 

based on the use of Standard Generalized 

Markup Language (SGML), prescribed by 

Federal Information Processing Standard 

(FIPS) 152. This phase is scheduled for 

implementation during the 104th Congress. 

With the SGML database structure, it will 

be possible to: 

• 

• 

create databases at the authoring stage 

that are suitable for publication via 

conventional printing methods, online 

interactive access, and CD-ROM, without the need for GPO to manipulate 

the data, and with online and 

CD-ROM versions capable of employing the same user interface; 

incorporate data from one publication into another with a different 

printed format (such as congressional 

bills into the Record or the Register into 

the Code of Federal Regulations) without 

manipulation; 

With GPO s Access service, people 

from all walks of life will be able to 

go into most Federal depository 

libraries and get immediate, userfriendly, no-fee access to online versions of the Congressional Record 

so they can stay current with the 

latest action on Capitol Hill. 

• print-on-demand data extracted from 

electronically disseminated databases 

in the same format as the official 

printed publication, or in formats 

chosen by the user; 

• accept validated machine-readable data 

from agencies, eventually eliminating 

the need for GPO to rekey and proofread publication data; and 

• increase the amount of Government 

information made available electronically, as SGML requirements become 

part of more printing and publishing 

contracts. 

During \he year, work proceeded on the 

conversion of the production of the Congressional Record and the Federal Register using 

SGML. In August 1993, GPO published a 

notice in the C,ommerce Business Daily announcing its intention to procure an off-the-shelf 

build engine and retrieval software site license 

for use in electronically disseminating Government publications. The software will be used 

to produce online interactive databases. Work 

on the development of a Request for Proposal 

for the software procurement was underway 

by the end of the year. 

Locator Service 

P.L. 103-40 makes GPO responsible for 

providing a locator of electronic information available from the Federal Government. In 1993, GPO established a contract 

to develop a prototype Federal electronic 

directory that provides the public, either 

directly or through a depository library, 

with free online access to a variety of applications that identify selected Federal information products and services. The prototype then either directs or connect~ the 

users to the referenced information. 

Two m~jor GPO information sources, the 

Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications and the Publications Reference File, are 

the core applications for the prototype locator. However, in developing the prototype 

locator, GPO also sought to design a system 

that permits and encourages Federal agencies to make data about their electronic 

information available locally, in a distributed system, under the control of the 

participating agencies. The result \\ill not be 

a single, central locator, but rather a series 

of interrelated, individual locator applications in several different locations. One 

such application uses the Congressional Bill 

Digest database, prepared by the Library of 

Congress. GPO and its contractor are also 

working with the National Cancer Institute 

and the Department of Energy's Office of 

Scientific and Technical Information on 

additional locator applications. 

Electronic Storage Facility 

P.L. 103-40 requires GPO to establish and 

operate "an electronic storage facility for 

Federal electronic information to which 

online access is made available." The storage facility will provide immediate remote 

access to the source data files for Federal 

information that have been made available 

through the Access service's online services, 

thus assuring that these files are never "out 

of print." It will also be used as the original 

point for storing and providing public 

access to data files that are anticipated to 

have limited use and/ or are not appropriate 

for dissemination through the other online 

services. Work began on the establishment 

of the storage facility during 1993. 

I 11 
12 

F ederal agencies are major producers 

of information in the United States. 

In our increasingly informationdriven age, Government information is 

vital to our economy and society. The business and financial communities, the agricultural community, scientists and engineers, students and teachers, health care 

workers-these and a wide range of other 

professions rely every day on information 

generated by Federal agencies with a 

diverse range of missions. 

GPO serves as an important conduit 

between Federal publishing agencies and 

the publics they serve. Today the vast 

majority of the work performed by GPO is 

on behalf of approximately 135 agencies 

throughout the Federal Government. 

Altogether, in 1993 GPO billed Federal 

agencies in the executive and judicial 

branches $652.3 million, representing 83 

percent of GPO's total printing and binding billings. 

GPO'S PRINTING PROCUREMENT 

PROGRAM 

Most of the printing requisitioned from 

GPO is procured from the private sector 

printing industry. GPO historically has 

retained for in plant production only work 

which cannot be procured on a controlled, timely, and cost-effective basis. 

This has been the case ever since World 

War II when, instead of building extra 

Government printing capacity to meet the 

crush of wartime demand, the Government turned to the private sector for assistance. In the 1960's, that approach was 

made official policy. In 1993, 27 percent of 

GPO's printing and binding revenue 

(excluding sales of blank paper and other 

operations) was generated by work produced inplant. By comparison, 73 percent 

was generated by work performed by private sector contractors. 

The vast majority of the work procured 

by GPO from the private sector is for Federal agencies in the executive branch. In 

1993, printing procurements, for executive 

branch agencies represented '95 percent 

of all such procurements. Of all the executive branch work sent to GPO, proportionally little is held for production 

in plant. Excluding the agency work which 

has historically been produced in plantcore production jobs such as the Federal 

Register, the Code of Federal Regulations, the 

I 

The work going into the private sector generates employment, tax revenues, and a broad variety of other 

economic and social benefits 

nationwide. Most importantly, it 

saves money for the taxpayers . ... 

Repeated studies have shown that 

procured printing on the average 

costs half of what it would cost if 

produced in agency plants. 

Budget of the U.S. Government, passports, 

postal cards, and related work-over 93 

percent of all executive branch work over 

which GPO exercises make/buy decisionmaking is actually contracted out to the 

private sector.' 

Contracting work out to the private sector is a sound policy. In the United States 

today, according to industry estimates, 

there are 42,000 printing firms employing 

over 800,000 workers, making the printing 

industry one of the largest elements of the 

U.S. manufacturing sector. At an average of 

20 employees per establishment, the printing industry is also one of the most important components of the Nation's small business sector. With an industry this large and 

diverse, there is an enormous amount of 

printing capacity. It makes more sense for 

the Government to utilize this capacity on a 

competitive basis for its printing needs than 

to invest in additional Government-owned 

and operated capacity. 

The work going into the private sector 

generates employment, tax revenues, and a 

broad variety of other economic and social 

benefits nation¥.ide. Most importantly, it 

saves money for the taxpayers. GPO's Printing Procurement Program operates on a 

highly competitive ba~is, driving prices 

down. Approximately 10,000 firms-or 

about a quarter of the indusu·y, representing nearly 200,000 employees-are registered on GPO's Master Bid List according to 

their equipment, staffing, and production 

capabilities. About 3,500 of these firms do 

business with GPO on a regular basis, ensuring intense competition for Government 

printing contracts. Repeated studies have 

shown that procured printing on the average costs half of what it would cost if produced in agency plants. 

GPO's centralized printing procurement 

authority provides a number of advantages 

to Federal agencies. It would be very difficult for every entity in the Government 

(represented by approximately 4,500 billing 

address codes distributed among more than 

135 different departments, bureaus, and 

agencies) to maintain individual printing 

procurement systems large enough and 

sophisticated enough to obtain the same 

level of competitive printing procurement 

that GPO achieves. Moreover, in a decentralized system of procurement, the Government would lose the ability to group 

together orders for similar products from 

different sources to achieve better prices, 

By consolidating the Government's printing procurement specialized skills and 

resources in GPO, agencies save money in 

their printing programs. And they achieve 

these savings without giving up essential 

controls. Most of GPO's printing procurements are conducted through direct deal 

term contracts, permitting agencies to 

place their printing orders directly with the 

contractor. Thus, GPO's centralized program utilizes a decentralized service infrastructure that allows agencies to directly 

control the vast majority of their printing 

needs from the point of origination. 

FY 1993 Financial Performance 

The Printing Procurement Program generated revenues of $530 million in 1993, a 

decrease of 16 percent compared with revenues of$629.3 million in 1992. The 

decreased revenues were attributable to a 

reduced volume of agency orders and 

reduced prices for paper, which constitutes 

a substantial part of the cost of an average 

order. The Program sustained a loss of $4.2 

million for the year, compared with net 

income of$1.3 million for 1992. 

During the year, 447 Printing Procurement Department personnel processed 

244,000 procured printing orders, compared with 275,400 orders in 1992. Approximately 87 percent of the orders were for 

jobs valued at $2,500 or less. 

Central Office printing procurement 

orders shipped decreased from 88,800 in 
1992 to 74,300 in 1993, with a decrease in 

dollar value of $72.5 million to $326.5 million. Regional printing procurement office 

order activity also decreased, from 186,600 

orders to 169,900. The total dollar value of 

regional orders dropped from $230.3 million in 1992 to $203.5 million. 

Delivery of Procured Printing 

For 1993, management's goal was to have 

at least 95 percent of procured printing 

orders delivered on time and a quality acceptance rate of at least 99 percent. GPO 

attained a 95.1 percent on-time delivery rate 

and a 99.2 percent quality acceptance rate 

for the year. 

IRS Program Work 

One of the largest single groups of procured work includes tax packages, forms, 

instructions, and related materials for the 

Internal Revenue Service (IRS). In 1993, 

this work was procured on 307 contracts, 

with a total value of$39.5 million. The average cost to each taxpayer to print a standard 

IRS Form 1040 tax package-including the 

instructions, forms, and return envelopewas about 14 cents per copy. 

Printing Procurement Program 

Highlights 

Most printing is procured through term 

contracts established for Federal agencies. 

However, as a result of a reduced workload, 

there was a net reduction in the number of 

term contracts by the end of 1993, from 

2,751 to 2,699. The number of print orders 

processed against these contracts was also 

down, from 200,192 in 1992 to 177,267. 

During the year, 4 new term contracts 

were established for CD-ROM replication, 

bringing the number of CD-ROM term 

contracts to 14. One of these was a general 

usage contract allowing GPO to provide 

replication services to any customer within 

as little as 5 work days. 

The pilot program on firm estimating 

procurement jobs, begun in 1992, was 

expanded in 1993 to include 44 contracts. 

Since FY 1989, pursuant to the Defense 

Authorization Act, GPO has set aside a percentage of Department of Defense (DOD) 

printing contracts for competitive procurement to small disadvantaged business 

(SDB) printing firms, owned by minorities. 

For 1993, management's goal was 

to have at least 95 percent of 

procured printing orders delivered 

on time and a quality acceptance 

rate of at least 99 percent. GPO 

attained a 95.1 percent on-time 

delivery rate and a 99. 2 percent 

quality acceptance rate for the year. 

Since 1992, GPO has also administratively 

included at least one SDB firm on each 

solicitation for bids. These efforts have provided cost-effective, timely, and quality 

products to serve the printing needs of 

DOD and other Federal agencies while 

increasing opportunities for business development and economic growth in the 

minority community. During the year, GPO 

processed $1.4 million in contract awards 

under the SDB program, representing 429 

awards out of a potential 1,100 set-asides. 

GPO made a number of improvements in 

1993 to significantly reduce the amount of 

administrative handling of small purchase 

requirement~. These included the acceptance of contractor qnotes via fax machine 

and the ability to key small purchase telephone and fax quote information directly 

into a computer format. 

GPO continued to expand customer 

agency access to the Procurement Information and Control System (PICS) in 1993. 

This system allows agencies to see the status 

of their jobs and provides other information. Fifteen additional agency sites were 

linked to PICS during the year. 

INPLANT WORK FOR FEDERAl 

AGENCIES 

In addition to procuring printing for 

Federal agencies, GPO billed approximately $101.9 million for agency work that 

was produced in plant by GPO's Central 

omce plant and regional printing plants 

during 1993. Most of this work, such as the 

Federal Register; the Code ofF'edt:ml Regulations, passports, postal cards, the Budget of 

the U.S. Government, and the Commerce Business Daily, are repetitive printing jobs that 

traditionally have been performed inplant 

by the GPO. 

During the year, GPO printed 4 million 

passports at the Central Office plant, compared with 4.8 million in 1992. A total of 

458 million postal cards were also produced, compared with 439 million in 1992. 

Approximately 66,000 original pages of 

the Federal Register-the "newspaper of 

record" of the Government that is used by 

the executive branch to publish proposed 

and final rules and regulations, notices of 

meetings, Executive Orders, and other document~-were printed at the Central Office 

plant, compared with 63,200 pages in 1992. 

This publication is printed on the same 

presses used to print the Congressional Record, 

optimizing the utilization of this equipment. 

In 1993, the Registerwas produced in 250 

issues and averaged 264 pages per issue. It 

generated billings of $26.6 million, compared ;vith billings of$26.1 million in 1992. 

GPO's regional plant workload decreased 

from 607 million equivalent units in 1992 

to 513 million in 1993 (an equivalent unit is 

one side of printing on one sheet of 216 

mm by 279 mm, or 8 J1i x 11 inch, paper). 

The Chicago Regional Printing Plant produces the Commerce Business Daily for the 

Commerce Department. 

Cost Reductions for lnpfant Work 

During 1993, GPO billed $32.7 million 

for executive and judicial agency work produced in the Central Office plant over 

which it had make/buy authority. This work 

was produced inplant in order to maximize 

the efficient utilization of plant equipment 

and staffing during slow periods in congressional work. At the same time, GPO utilized 

a variety of options to control the costs of 

this work to custOiner Federal agencies. 

GPO's negotiated price program allows 

the Central Office plant to take in additional 

agency printing and binding work to maximize plant utilization. Customer agencies 

are charged competitive prices that are comparable with commercial rates. The additional work that was produced in plant in 

1993 under this program was valued at $10.8 

million, an increase of $3.7 million over 

1992. The average price discount was 28 percent below GPO's General Scale of Prices. 
of Federal agency n'~ntin<>" 

part 

efforts make the customer "number one, 

Custmner Services held an House to 

celebrate Custorner Service in 1993. 

number of Federal 

Publk 

Public Printer, and the 

Director of Customer Services. Presentations 

included an overview of GPO's online Federal Bulletin Board, a demonstration of 

serve as v.±luat)le 

the ideas and concerns 
G PO is in the CD-ROM business 

because CD-ROM offers not only a 

viable economical alternative to 

print and other dissemination media, but 

in many respects constitutes an improvement over those media in its ability to 

expand the public's low-cost access to Government information. GPO has designed 

its operations to support the growing use 

of CD-ROM by Federal agency publishers, 

and works with those publishers in partnership to provide CD-ROM services. 

There has been a tremendous increase in 

CD--ROM publishing in recent years. 

According to the General Accounting Office 

(GAO), during the late 1980's Federal agencies were publishing about 20 titles. By 1993, 

that number had grown to over 180, and the 

growth has continued. 

Information creators like CD-ROM technology because it cannot be erased, cannot 

be altered, and is suited to a wide range of 

information. For archival data, for data that 

be updated at reasonable intervals, and 

data files that are too big for easy distribution on floppy disks but not too big for 

storage on a few CD-ROMs this technology 

is perfect. Bibliographic databases, direct<r 

ries, reference books, legal and regulatory 

information, equipment and software manuals, maps and charts, statistical data, and 

training and educational materials-all of 

these are well-suited to CD-ROM. 

Information managers are attracted by 

the economics of CD-ROM publishing. 

CD-ROM is inexpensive to produce, with 

a rapid turnaround from requisition to 

delivery. Once the premastering tape is 

prepared, GPO's experience is that 

CD-ROM runs about $850 or less per disc 

for mastering costs, and less than $1.50 for 

replication costs which include a silkscreened label in two or three colors, a 

jewel box, and insert card. These costs do 

not include otl1er costs associated with 

data preparation, documentation, any 

retrieval software licensing, and distribution costs, all of which can vary significantly. Still, comparing these costs to similar pre-production and production costs 

for printing, most publishers will find 

them very competitive, particularly Federal publishers in this continuing era of 

tight agency budgets. 

For turnaround, GPO is seeing an average time from premastering to delivery of 

In 1993, the GAO reported that 

GPO's CD-ROM prices are among 

the least expensive in the Government, runningfrom a low of$13 

to a high of $34 per disc for individual discs and from a low of $76 

per year to a high of $274 per year 

for subscriptions. 

about 2 weeks, with a best time, on rush service, of 5 days. This also assumes the completion of all data preparation work and 

documentation as well as premastering and 

verification of the disc. Current turnaround 

times are getting more equivalent to conventional publishing schedules. 

Users like CD-ROM because it saves 

money and space. But most importantly, 

CD-ROM provides data integrity, a fixed 

price for unlimited use, and better access to 

and utilization of data than comparable 

paper publications. 

Improving access and data utilization are 

challenges iliat continue to confront 

CD-ROM producers. Users today are confronted with a still-bewildeting array of complex interfaces on CD--ROM. V\'hat they want 

is simple, self-instructing, intuitive retrieval 

software. GPO is helping Federal agencies 

work toward that goal by offering various 

commercial off-the-shelf software packages as 

well as public domain software. 

GPO'S CD-ROM SERVICES 

Because of its statutory role in information 

replication and dissemination, GPO offers 

ilie Federal CD--ROM publisher a number of 

advantages that work to the benefit of both 

tl1e publishing agency and ilie public. 

The key advantage is the distribution of 

CD-ROM publications that GPO makes to 

1,400 depository libraries located throughout the Nation. GPO pays for the copies distributed to the libraries out of funds appropriated by Congress for iliat 

purpose-there is no cost to the agency for 

those copies. CD-ROM publications distributed to depository libraries must be 

made available to the public by the libraries 

free of charge, ensuring equitable public 

access to iliis valuable information 

resource. Depository distribution saves 

agencies money and reaches a broad public 

audience, all under the aegis of one of the 

Nation's oldest and most equitable information dissemination programs. 

Another method to reach the public is 

through GPO's Sales Program. GPO 

acquires CD-ROM copies at its own cost 

and distributes them nationwide through 

its telephone and mail order system and 

bookstores. The Program is also augmented by a marketing effort that works 

with issuing agencies to develop and disseminate CD-ROM product promotional 

materials. This service is provided at no 

charge to the issuing agency. Moreover, 

the Program is entirely self-sustaining; it 

receives no funding from Congress, but is 

paid for solely by revenues from sales of 

its products. Where CD-ROM is concerned, these prices can be very reasonable. In 1993, the GAO reported that 

GPO's CD-ROM prices are among the 

least expensive in the Government, running from a low of$13 to a high of$34 

per disc for individual discs and from a 

low of $76 per year to a high of $274 per 

year for subscriptions. 

Dissemination services are only part of 

the comprehensive CD-ROM services GPO 

can provide to the agency publisher. These 

include support for the installation and 

execution of sample searches, format 

choices, and help in determining user 

expectations and probable usages. They 

include data preparation, premastering, 

document formatting, and preparation of 

data in the ISO 9660 format, as well as the 

manufacturing of write-once discs. Since 

1989, over 130,000 individual discs have 

been produced from GPO-premastered 

data using licensed, off-the-shelf software. 

GPO's services also include assuring disc 

quality as well as the design and production of disc labels, inlay cards, and jewelbox booklets. In addition, GPO provides 

contracting with commercial sources for 

premastering, mastering, replication, and 

dissemination. In 1993, GPO procured 

over 803,000 individual discs on behalf of 

Federal agencies, most of them through 

term contracts that are established annually for CD-ROM. 
16 

In addition to these services, GPO has personnel teaching CD-ROM courses for the 

Institute for Federal Printing and Publishing. For the past 2 years the Institute has 

offered the popular "CD-ROM Publication" 

course. Over 400 agency personnel have 

attended this 2-day course, which has been 

held both at GPO and at Federal agencies in 

the Washington metropolitan area. Personnel from the Special Interest Group for 

CD-ROM Applications and Technology 

(SIGCAT) have helped conduct the course. 

CD-ROM AND THE GPO ACCESS 

SERVICE 

GPO is utilizing CD-ROM both for standalone products and as a technology supporting the implementation of the Access service established under P.L. 103-40. 

While the Access service is based on 

online technology, CD-ROM and optical 

disc technologies will play a critical role in 

the function of the electronic storage facility. The facility will be equipped with an 

optical disc jukebox with 88-disc capacity 

for nearline access. Other discs can be 

stored elsewhere and loaded as needed. 

The facility will also have a DEC 3000 

Model 400 Alpha Workstation running 

OSF I 1, with 9 gigabytes of hard disc capacI 

ity. Finally, it will have a CD-ROM jukebox 

with 100 discs. Altogether, the storage facility 

will have an online or nearline capacity of 

approximately 183 gigabytes of information. 

The conversion of the databases for the 

Congressional RecQrd, l"ederal Register; and 

other publications to SGML will also impact 

the Government CD-ROM community. The 

objective of this project is to use an SGMLbased build/search/retrieval software system both for online files in a client/server 

environment and CD-ROM technology. 

There will be a common user interface for 

both the online and CD-ROM sofnvare. 

Acquisition of this software will also enable 

GPO to accept SGMlrcoded input files from 

agetJ.cies for CD-ROM development. 

RESPONSE TO GPO'S CD-ROM 

SERVICES 

GPO's efforts in support of CD-ROM 

publishing are being well received among 

Federal agencies. GPO is engaged in service 

provision designed to assist and support 

Federal agencies in performing their public 

information missions. This posture fits in 

well with the current "reinventing government" ethic, which is emphasizing service 

provision and customer satisfaction as the 

ultimate tests of Government agencies. 

OMB portrays GPO's experience witb 

CD-ROM as an example of what it would 

like to see GPO become. In remarking on 

the work GPO performed in support of the 

National Institutes of Health's Computerized Retrieval oflnformation on Scientific 

Projects, or CRISP, CD-ROM, OMB held up 

this effort as "a model for future cooperative 

relationships with executive branch agencies" by GPO. OMB has also remarked positively on GPO's production of the FAR and 

FIRMR CD-ROM for the General Services 

Administration, noting that "GPO is proving itself to be an important player in the 

area of electronic information management and dissemination." 
G PO has ion. g been en.viromnent. ally conscious in the utilization of natural resources in all its production 

processes, while at the same time providing 

its services in the most efficient and economical means possible. This applies especially to 

the utilization of papers and inks in Government. printing. 

GPO is the largest single consumer in the 

Government of printing and writing papers, 

purchasing or contracting for the purchase 

of approximately 40,800 rm~tric tons ( 45,000 

short. tons) of paper for inplant production 

and sales to Federal agencies in 1993, compared with 37,400 metric tons (41,200 short 

tons) in 1992. For 1993, the total value of 

GPO's procurement activities for paper and 

paper products was $36.2 million compared 

\\ith $34.2 million the previous year. In addition, GPO's printing contractors utilize an 

estimated 249,500 to 272,200 metric tons 

(275,000 to 300,000 short tons) of paper 

each year in producing Government print-

,ingwork. 

~ 

GPO buys paper by the pound and by the 

sheet. Paper purchased by the pound totaled 

19,300 metric tons (21 ,300 short tons) in 

1993, compared with 19,800 metric tons 

(21 ,900 short tons) in 1992. Paper purchased by the sheet-primarily copier 

paper-totaled 2.8 billion sheets compared 

with 1.9 billion sheets the previous year. 

GPO also purchased 84.6 million envelopes 

in 1993, compared with 92.9 million in 1992, 

and 2.1 million cartons and other containers 

compared with 2 million the previous year. 

The monthly average inventory of paper 

in 1993 was 8,500 meu'ic tons (9,400 short 

tons), with a high of9,300 metric tons 

(10,300 short tons) in July 1998 and a low of 

7,600 metric tons (8,400 short tons) in 

November 1992. On September 30, 1993, 

there were 8,300 metric tons (9,200 short 

tons) or paper in inventory. 

GPO disposes of paper waste and spoilage 

by selling it to contractors f<>r recycling. During 1993, GPO earned $394,200 from sales 

of wastepaper. This compared with $218,700 

from sales of wastepaper in 1992. 

RECYCLED PAPER 

In 1989, GPO began buying recycled 

printing and writing papers under the 

Guidelines for the Federal Procurement of 

GPO's paper procurement program 

is among the rnost environrnental(y 

responsible jJrocurement programs 

in the Federal Govemment today. 

Paper and Paper Products Containing 

Recovered Materials issued by the Enviwnmental Protection Agency (EPA) pursuant 

to the Resource Conservation and Recovery 

Act of 1976, as amended. The Guidelines 

were implemented at GPO by the Joint 

Committee on Pr·inting (JCP), which has 

authority over Federal printing papers 

under Title ·44. 

The EPA Guidelines establish minimum 

content standards for recovered materials 

in most grades of paper used in Government printing. For example, the Guidelines 

require newsprint purchased by the Government to contain 4{) percent postconsumer recovered materials. Most offset 

printing papers are required to contain a 

minimum of 50 percent. wastepaper, which 

may include cuttings and other wastepaper 

from the paper manufacturing process, 

with no minimum content standard for 

postconsumer recovered materials. When 

they were issued, the Guidelines did not 

est~blish any recycled content requirements 

for cert.ctin other grades of paper, including 

copier paper and forms bond, which were 

determined to be unavailable with recycled 

content. 

Under the guidance ofthe.JCP, however, 

GPO has expanded its requirements for 

recycled paper beyond those esw.blished by 

the EPA Guidelines. In 1990, theJCP implemented standards for the procurement of 

recycled copier paper, forms bond, and 

other papers not covered by the Guidelines. 

As a result, GPO has been purcha~ing more 

grades of paper with recycled content than 

are required by the Guidelines. 

In addition, the requiremenL'> for recycled content established by the .JCP also significantly exceed those established by the 

EPA Guidelines for the m~jority of printing 

papers used by GPO. For example, since 

1991 GPO has been purchasing recycled 

newsprint with a content of 100 percent 

postconsumer recovered materials. This 

paper is used to print the (£mgressional 

Record and the Federalllegister. For the six 

most frequently utilized offset printing 

papers used by GPO, in 1992 GPO began to 

move to a requirement tor 50 percent 

wastepaper, of which 10 percent must be 

postconsumer recovered materials. In 1993, 

the requirement was changed to 50 percent 

wastepaper, of which 15 percent must be 

postconsumer recovered materials. 

As a result of these initiatives, virtually all 

printing produced or procured by GPO is 

on recycled paper, and GPO's paper pro .. 

curement program is among the most environmentally responsible procurement pro .. 

grams in the Federal Government today. 

Moreover, cost data f(>r the printing papers 

most commonly used indicate that GPO's 

more stringent recycled content requirements are being fully met with no significant increase in cost. 
18 

Executive Order on Recycling 

As a result of its positive experience with 

recycled paper, GPO assisted the White 

House in the preparation of Executive 

Order 12873 on 4

Federal Acquisition, Recycling, and Waste Prevention," whkh was 

signed by President Clinton on October 22, 

1993. The order requires Federal agencies 

in the executive branch to increase the 

amount of recycled products they purchase, 

including paper. 

The order specifically directs Federal 

agencies to increase the postconsumer 

recovered materials content of high-speed 

copier paper, offset paper, forms bond, 

computer printout paper, carbonless 

paper, me folders, and white woven 

envelopes used by the Government to a 

minimum of 20 percent beginning December 31, 1994, and a minimum of 30 percent beginning December 31, 1998. For 

other uncoated printing and writing 

paper, such as writing and office paper, 

book paper, cotton fiber paper, and cover 

stock, agencies are directed to purchase 

products with a minimum content standard of 50 percent recovered materials 

including 20 percent postconsumer materials beginning on December 31, 1994. 

This standard must also be increased to 30 

percent postconsumer materi.als beginning 

on December 31, 1998. 

GPO pledged to cooperate with the 

Executive order immediately, issuing the 

new specifications in the proposal for 

the quarterly contract for paper to begin 

January 1, 1994. As part of this commitment, GPO now offers 100 percent recycled plain copier paper for sale to agencies. The paper contains a minimum of 

50 percent postconsumer waste and is 

less expensive than virgin paper. 

ALKALINE AND PERMANENT PAPERS 

In 1990, Congress passed P.L. 101-423, a 

Joint Resolution to Establish a National Policy on Permanent Papers, stating that it is 

the policy of the United States that Federal 

records, books, and publications of enduring research and educational value be produced on add-free permanent papers. Otherwise, these valuable documents will 

deteriorate due to printing on acidic 

papers. The law specifies that the Librarian 

of Congress, the Archivist of the United 

States, and the Public Printer shall jointly 

monitor the Federal Government's 

progress in implementing this policy and 

report to Congress periodically. 

The group's first report to Congress 

recommended that records and publications that are dearly permanent at the 

time of creation should be printed on permanent paper, using the specificat.ions for 

su<:h paper established by the .JCP. These 

specifications are contained in the paper 

standard JCP A270, which was designed to 

meet the requirements of American 

National Standards Institute (ANSI) standard Z39.48-1984. In fact,.JCP A270 is more 

stringent than the ANSI standard in some 

of its durability requirements and is the recommended permanent paper standard f()r 

the Federal Government. The group further recommended that all other documents should be recorded on alkaline 

papers. There are currently several spedtk 

JCP paper standards for alkaline paper. 

Prior to the enactment of P.L. 1 Ol-423, 

the House of Representatives Committee 

on Appropriations directed GPO to prepare a report and plan on the use of alkaline paper in Government printing. At that 

time, GPO disclosed that the majority of 

the paper it was buying on quarterly term 

contracts was alkaline. A high rate of alkaline paper utilization was also present in 

the papers used by commercial printers. 

The presence of alkaline paper in these 

proportions is due to the ongoing conversion of many segments of the paper industry to alkaline-based manufacturing methods. GPO also reported that it was possible 

to obtain alkaline papers meeting the 

requirements for recycled fiber content. 

The report and plan, submitted to 

Congress in Aprill990, contained a variety 

of recommendations and strategies for 

increasing the utilization of alkaline papers 

in Government printing. 

Since that time, the m~jority of papers 

purchased in bulk shipments by GPO have 

been alkaline. For the four quarterly contract periods between October 1, 1992, and 

September 30, 1993,83 percent of the 

paper purchased by the pound was alkaline. 

ln 1993, GPO's Quality Control and 

Technical Department developed a scanning electronic microscope method to 

measure the alkaline reserve in the base 

sheet of coated papers as well as the filler 

content of the coating. ·rhis technique 

improves laboratory efficiency by eliminating the difficult task of separating coating , 

from the base sheet for testing purposes. I~ 

addition, the Department collaborated 

with the Library of Congress laboratory in 

a research study on paper preservation. 

PRINTING INKS 

For inplant production in 1993, GPO 

used 93 metric tons (102 short tons) of 

printing inks. These included 40 metric 

tons ( 44 short tons) of news ink to print the 

Co,nPressional Record and the Ji'eder·al Register; 

32 metric tons (35 short tons) ofheatset 

inks, and 21 metric tons (22~ short tons) of 

sheetfed inks. GPO's printing contractors 

used an estimated 998 metric tons ( 1,100 

short tons) of various inks on work procured by GPO. 

GPO manufactured 47 metric tons (52 

short tons) of inks in 1993 for use in printing at the Central Onlce plant and for use 

by other print.ing entities, such as the Senate Service Department, compared with 5:~ 

metric tons (59 short tons) during 1992. 

An additional 45 metric tons (50 short 

tons) of inks were purchased for in plant 

use during the primarily news inks for 

the Record and the federal Register; compared with 48 metric tons (53 

short tons) in 1992. 

The cost of ink is minimal compared to 

the m,Yor cost components of any printing 

job, such as labor, paper, and machine 
time. For example, the cost of ink to pnrduce the Congressional Record and the Federal 

Register (which use a relatively inexpensive 

ink) is approximately one-tenth of one percent of the total cost of these two printing 

programs. The estimated cost of the ink 

consumed in Government printing performed or procured by GPO was $4 million 

for 199:3, or one-half of I percent of GPO's 

total printing and binding revenues. 

Vegetable Ink Legislation 

Vegetable oil-based inks are attracting 

increased interest because they help 

redtKe dependence on foreign oil, rely on 

a domestically produced renewable 

resource, and contain properties that 

improve performance, make them economical to use, and environmentally 

friendly. In 1993, legislation was intr<>-

duced in the Senate and the House of Representatives to increase the use of these 

inks in Federal Government printing. This 

legislation would require all Federal lithographic printing to use vegetable oil-based 

inks in the printing process, and would 

specify the minimum content percentage 

of vegetable oil to be included in various 

printing inks. 

Hearings on S. 716, the Vegetable Ink 

Printing Act of 1993, were conducted by 

the Senate Committee on Rules and 

Administration in May !993. GPO supports 

this legislation. Currently, vegetable oil is in 

22 percent of the ink used for in plant production, primarily in sheetfed inks. This 

includes linseed oil which is in the varVegetable oil-based inks are attracting increased interest because they 

help reduce dependence on foreign 

oil, rely on a domesticatzy jJroduced 

renewable resottrce, and contain 

properties that improve performance, 

make them economical to use, and 

environmentally friendly. 

nishes of many inks. Soybean oil is in about 

5 percent of the inks used by GPO, primarily in colored inks. There are no data available on the presence of vegetable oil-based 

inks in printing p<~rformed by GPO's contractors, but it is estimated, that these inks 

are used widely due to their general presence in the commercial ink market today. 

There is no vegetable oil in the inks currently used in the production of the Con-

!,rre,\sional Record and the Federal Register; due 

to the incompatibility of these inks with 

GPO's aging web letterpresses. However, 

vegetable oil inks will be used to produce 

these publications on the new web offset 

presses that GPO is acquiring to replace the 

old presses. The new presses will be delivered in 1994. 

GPO had 15 term contxacts in place in 

199!.~ requiring the use of vegetable oilbased inks. Several Federal agencies 

requested that these inks be used, including the Internal Revenue Service, which 

requisitioned the use of vegetable oil-based 

inks on all tax packages. GPO found that 

commercial printers are capable of using 

vegetable oil-based inks at no additional 

cost to the C...overnment and that many 

printers are already using such inks. The 

requirement to use vegetable oil-based inks 

would add little, if any, additional cost to 

Government printing conU<tct~. 

GPO testified that there would be au 

increase in the amount of vegetable oilbased ink used by the Government as a 

result of S. 716. For Central Office printing, 

the increase would be approximately 6 to 8 

short tons annually. This is a conservative 

estimate, however: and is based solelv on the 

presence of vegetable oil in heaL-;et i~1ks; the 

increase could be greater if GPO uses inks 

that exceed the minimum standards estalr 

lished by the legislation. It is not possible to 

develop a similar estimate for procured 

printing because of the absence of data on 

the kinds of inks used by contractors. 

S. 716 was passed by the Senate in 

November 199~3. During the year, GPO's 

Quality Control and Technical Department 

developed an analytical method to identify 

the presence of vegetable oil in printing 

ink. This test v.ill be essential to enforcement if a law mandating the use of vegetable ink is enacted. 
20 

G PO was created not just to provide 

printing services, but so that those services would b,e employed in the 

broader purpose of getting Government information to the public. James Madison said: 

A papular Government, ·without popular 

information, or the means of acquiring it, is 

but a prologue to a farce or a tragedy, or perhaps both. Knowledge will forever govern 

ignorance, and a people who mean to be 

their own governors, must arrn themselves 

with the power that knowledge gives. 

Informing the Nation has been a fundamental responsibility of our Government 

since its founding. For example, Article I of 

the Constitution calls on Congress to keep 

and publish ajournal of its proceedings, a 

function that GPO still assists. By linking 

GPO's printing operations with the distribution function, Congress ensured that the 

comprehensive body of information 

printed at public expense would be made 

available for public use. GPO thus became 

the popular "means of acquiring" Government information that Madison spoke of. 

PROGRAMS AND FUNDING 

GPO's Superintendent of Documents 

provides public access to Government 

information through several different 

mechanisms, including the sale of publications, the compilation of catalogs and 

indexes, the distribution of publications to 

depository and international exchange, 

libraries, the distribution of publications as 

required by law, and the distribution of 

publications for other Federal agencies on 

a reimbursable basis. 

GPO Bookstores 

I 

In 1993, Superintendent of Documents 

received $115.8 million in funding. Of that 

amount, $84.1 million, or 73 percent, was 

from revenue earned from the sales of publications to the public. No taxpayer-provided funds were included in this revenue. 

Another $5.5 million, or 5 percent, was 

earned as reimbursements from Federal 

agencies for distribution services performed for those agencies. 

The remaining $26.2 million, or 22 percent of all Superintendent of Documents 

revenues, was derived from appropriated 

funds. These funds were made available by 

the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation of 

the Superintendent of Documents to operate programs mandated by Title 44, including the Depository Library Program, the 

Cataloging and Indexing Program, the 

International Exchange Program, and the 

Statutory Distribution Program. 

Employing 895 personnel, the Superintendent of De~cuments distributed a total of 

103.9 million Government publications in 

1993, compared with 118.5 million publications in 1992. 

SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS 

RELOCATION 

Throughout 1993, the various Superintendent of Documents operations housed 

in leased space in Union Center Plaza, at 

the corner of North Capitol and K Streets, 

NE, Washington, DC, worked closely with 

GPO's Engineering Service to prepare for 

relocation to GPO's Central Office complex in 1994. These operations moved from 

the Central Office to Union Center Plaza in 

1974 because ofspace shortages. A 20-year 

lease on the Union Center Plaza space 

proved economical to the Government. 

However, renewal of the lease would be at 

significantly increased rates. Moreover, 

space availability in the Central Office complex offered the opportunity to achieve savings through consolidated operations, and 

to install new automated systems to improve 

services to customers. The move to the 

Central Office, scheduled for mid-1994, will 

relocate 335 personnel. 

SALES PROGRAM 

The provisions of chapter 17 of Title 44, 

authorize the Superintendent of Documents 

to sell Government publications to tl1e public and establish the pricing mechanism 

under which publications are to be sold. 

The Sales Program operates primarily by 

telephone, fux, and mail order, but publications are also sold through the Retail Sales 

Outlet at GPO's warehouse in Laurel, MD; 

the Congressional Sales Office at GPO's 

Central Office in Washington, DC; the Public Documents Distribution Center in 

Pueblo, CO; through a network of 23 GPO 

bookstores nationwide; and by 18 consigned 

sales agents in other Federal agencies. 

Significant Sales Publications 

In 1993, GPO's sales inventory contained 

more than 12,000 titles. In terms of revenue, 

the best selling publications included the 

1994 Budget f!f the United States Government, 

the Cumulated Index Medicus, Vol. 33, the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, revised 4th edition, the 1993 Statistical Abstract, the 1993 

U.S. Industrial Outlook, and the U.S. Government Manual. Sales of 83,300 copies of these 

publications generated an estimated $3.3 

million in revenue. 

Other popular titles included the 1993 

Economic Report of the President; the report of 

the Vice President's National Performance 

Review, From Red Tape to Results: Creating a 

Government that Works Better and Costs Less; 

and the 1993 National Five-Digit Zip Code 

Directory. These three publications alone 

sold approximately 40,000 copies, generating about $600,000 in revenue. 

Some of the best revenue-generating subscriptions were the Code of Federal Regulations, the Commerce Business Daily, the Federal 

Register, and the Official Gazette of Patents. 
These subscription services generated 

approximately $26.3 million in revenues. 

In terms of the number of subscriptions, 

some of the best sellers were the Catalog of 

Feder·al Domestic Assistance, the Commerce Business Daily, the Export Administration Regulations, the federal Register; and the HaTmoniz.ed 

Tariff Schedules. These accounted for approximately 71,500 subscribers. 

Financial Performance 

The Sales Program generated revenue of 

$84.1 million at a cost of $80.5 million in 

1993, resulting in net income of$3.6 million. Bookstore revenue increased to $15.5 

million from $14.2 million in 1992. Sales of 

publications in electronic formats generated $1.8 million in revenue, compared with 

$875,000 the previous year. 

Receipts from Sales of the 

Congressional Record and the 

Congressional Directory 

As required to be reported by section 910 

of Title 44, revenue from sales of Congressional 

Record subscriptions, individual copies, and 

bound set~ in all format~ wa.s approximately 

$542,000 in 1993, compared with $743,000 in 

1992. Revenue from sales of the Congressional 

Dimctary was approximately $93,000, compared to $94,000 the previous year. 

Order Activity 

The Sales Program processed over 1.6 

million orders in 1993, compared with 1.2 

million orders in 1992. Of the 1993 orders, 

approximately 75 percent were from the 

business community. The remainder were 

from private individuals and various government and academic institutions. During the 

year, 57 percent of Central Office mail 

orders were for single copy publications and 

43 percent were for subscriptions. Mail, fax, 

and telephone orders made up approximately 86 percent of all orders. The remaining 14 percent were walk-in purchases at the 

bookstores, the Congressional Sales Office, 

and the Retail Sales Outlet. 

The total number of copies sold by the 

Sales Program decreased from 27.4 million 

in 1992 to 26.8 million in 1993. 

Electronic Information Products 

While total sales volume decreased, sales 

of electronic information products 

increased dramatically. GPO's list of electronic product offerings on CD-ROM, magnetic tape, and personal computer diskette 

grew substantially in 1993, rising to over 700 

titles from the 236 titles made available for 

sale in 1992. These titles included the U.S. 

Code, the Federal Acquisition Regulation, the 

Toxic Release Inventory, and the Federal Information Res(fllrus Management Regulation on 

CD-ROM, in addition to the Congressional 

Record and Federal Register on, magnetic tape. 

Federal Bulletin Board 

In September 1992, GPO inaugurated the 

Federal Bulletin Board (FBB), an online 

electronic bulletin board service. The FBB 

enables immediate self-service public access 

to Federal information in an online format 

at reasonable rates. It permits users to identify, select, and transfer electronic files to 

their own personal computers quickly and 

easily, offerii1g Federal agencies the opporttmity to expand the dissemination of their 

publications in an'online format. Users can 

access the FBB through an Internet Telnet 

session or by using a phone modem to dial 

directly into GPO. A variety of standard offthe-shelf communications software can be 

used to access the FBB. 

The FBB includes files on subjects such 

as the Federal budget, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), health 

care reform, human rights, the Iran-Contra 

report, the North American Free Trade 

Agreement (NAFfA), the National Information Infrastructure, and the National 

Performance Review. This information is 

available in a variety offormats, including 

ASCII, PostScript, Lotus 123, Executable 

Software, WordPerfect, Acrobat PDF, and 

dBase. 

In addition to files offered for a fee, the 

FBB offers a number of free services, including a telephone help service, a user's manual available for downloading, browsing 

functions for tl1e various menus and 

libraries on the board, online ordering for 

free GPO sales catalogs and other sales 

items, reference files to assist users in locating and using files, subject bibliographies 

for sales publications, and forums that provide information on a variety of subject 

areas, including implementation of the 

GPO Access service under P.L. 103-40. 

Depository libraries have access to the 

fee-based services of the FBB without 

charge. Fees for other users are set so as to 

recover the incremental cost of dissemination. Users do not pay a minimum fee or 

any charge for the time spent online. All 

charges are based on the size of the file 

downloaded. The minimum charge is $2.00 

per file. The average price of a file downloaded from the FBB is $5.00. 

Payment methods include MasterCard, 

VISA, or GPO Deposit Account. Users are 

charged only when a fee-based file is downloaded. 

During 1993, the FBB grew from an initial 600 files to 4,800 files. Approximately 

7,200 customers used the FBB and more 

than 207 million bytes of data were sold. A 

major software upgrade is currently underway to make the FBB an even more flexible, 

capable, and easy-to-use tool for accessing 

Government information. 

GPO Access Service 

P.L. 103-40 makes it the statutory responsibility of the Superintendent of Documents to provide the system of online 

access and operate tl1e electronic directory 

and electronic storage facility. During 1993, 

the Superintendent worked jointly with 

other GPO operations, including the Production Department and the Office of 

Information Resources Management, to 

establish the system required by law to 

become operational on .June 8, 1994 (see 

PRINTING FOR CONGRESS and GPO 

AND CD-ROM). 

Bookstore Activity 

For the second year in a row, there was a 

significant increase in bookstore revenue, 

increasing from $14.2 million in 1992 to 

$15.5 million in 1993. Twenty of the 23 

booksto:es reported an increase in sales. 
22 

Construction and relocation effort<; continued to improve bookstore operations. 

The Milwaukee bookstore was relocated to 

commercial space. The new location is on 

the ground floor with higher public visibility and easier accessibility. Work continues 

on the relocation of the San Francisco 

bookstore. 

By the end of 1993, all GPO bookstores 

were connected by modems to GPO's mainframe computer, allowing them to connect 

immediately with databases on stock status, 

deposit account balances, and related information, improving customer service for 

bookstore users. 

Sales Program Enhancements 

In 1993, Federal Express service was 

implemented for Sales Program customers. The installation of Federal Express 

tracking software in the Publication Service Section has made it possible to fully 

research customer inquiries about their 

orders. This service will be expanded to 

subscription orders and potentially to 

international mail. 

Another improvement was the establishment of a Telephone Service Improvement 

Group to identify problems and propose 

solutions in the area of telephone orders, 

inquiries, and claim operations. The 

group's recommendations resulted in the 

Federal Depository libraries, 

by State and Territory, as of 

Septernber30,1993 

(total=1,404) 

I 

Alaska/9 Hawaii/11 :l 

American Samoa/1 

Panama Canal Zone/1 I 

Guam/2 

Micronesia/1 

Puerto Rico/5 ~·~~ Virgin lslands/2 

Northern Mariana lsla~ds/1 

acquisition of a new automated call distribution system to be installed in the Order 

Division when it relocates to the Central 

Office complex in 1994. 

Marketing 

GPO's Office of Marketing expanded its 

effort~ during 1993 to reach an increased 

nnmber of targeted markets for Government information. A total of 26 special 

mailers, flyers, and direct mail letters promoting a broad range of publications were 

produced and distributed to 393,200 potential customers. In addition, the ongoing Priority Announcement Service notified 

133,000 prospects of 738 new titles through 

173 mailing announcements. 

Other marketing efforts were aimed at 

spreading the word about Superintendent 

of Documents products into specific information communities. For the business community, Marketing produced new editions 

of two specialty catalogs: Selling to the Government, for people who w:mt to contract ·with 

the Federal Government, and Business, featuring publications in a variety of business 

categories. The environmental sciences 

market was also tapped with the premiere 

edition of a catalog of publications on Environmental Sciences and Methods. Marketing also introduced a catalog of 1990 Census Track/Block Maps and Reports. 

Marketing began a new campaign in 1993 

to inform congressional staff members 

about the Sales Program. The response has 

been highly favorable: requests tor catalogs 

have been received from scores of Members' offices and some Members have 

included information on how to order GPO 

publications in their constituent newsletters. 

Sixty-nine Product Publicity Releases were 

produced and distributed to editors of 

newsletters in fields such as business, agriculture, health care, science and technology, 

world affairs, banking and finance, and 

industry. Marketing's newsletter database 

included 10,000 listings and these Product 

Publicity Releases continue to be an eflective, 

low-cost way to reach specialized audiences. 

DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM 

The Depository Library Program is one 

of the Nation's oldest programs for providing the public with access to Government 

information. Its antecedents date to 1813 

when Congress ordered the distribution of 

congressional publications to State historical and antiquarian societies. As codified in 

the provisions of chapter 19 of Title 44, 

today the Program distributes Government 

publications to Federal depositories in 

approximately 1,400 public, academic, law, 

and Federal agency libraries nationwide. 
Libraries are designated as depositories 

for Government publications by Senators 

and Representatives as well as by law. GPO 

sends the libraries copies of all Government 

publications that are not purely of an 

administrative nature, cooperatively sponsored, or classified for reasons of national 

security. 

The majority of the depository libraries 

are selective depositories which tailor their 

Government publications acquisitions to 

local needs, choosing from among 7,000 

organizational and series categories. Fiftythree libraries, or roughly one per State 

(depending on size and resources, some 

States have no regionals while others have 

more than one), are regional depositories 

and receive every publication distributed by 

the Program. They are required to retain 

indefinitely every Government publication 

they receive. These libraries also provide 

inter-library loan and related services to 

other depositories in their regions. 

Four libraries were added to the Program 

in 1993, while 10 relinquished their depository status. By the end of the year, there 

were 1,404libraries in the Program. 

Over 167,000 persons utilize Federal 

depository library collections nationwide 

each week. 

Program Funding 

The publications printed for depository 

libraries are paid for by the Salaries and 

Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Documents. The appropriation 

also covers the cost of distributing the publications, as well as all administrative costs 

associated with Depository Library Program operations. 

The libraries that receive the publications 

are required to make them available for the 

free use of the public, ensuring equitable 

access to Government information. In 1993, 

funding for the Program totaled $25.1 million, of which $15.7 million, or 63 percent, 

was for printing publications. 

Distribution to Depository Libraries 

During 1993, GPO distributed 22.5 mil" 

lion copies of 55,000 titles to depository 

libraries. Including distributions to depository libraries performed on behalf of GPO 

by the Department of Energy and the U.S. 

Geological Survey, a total of 26.7 million 

In 1993, the average cost of printing, cataloging, and distributing 

each publication shipped to depositories was approximately $1. 00. 

This level of ifficiency was achieved 

thmugh the centralization and specialization of the Depository 

Library Program. 

copies of 76,400 titles were distributed in 

1993, compared with overall totals of 34.5 

million copies of90,000 titles during 1992. 

The decline in the number of copies and 

titles distributed to depositories was 

attributable to two factors., There was a 

return to historical workload levels once 

the microfiche distribution backlog from 

previous years was eliminated. The elimination of this backlog created a surge in distribution activity in recent years. In addition, 

there was a reduction in procured printing 

entering GPO. The reduced workload led 

to reductions in depository printing. Nevertheless, during 1993 GPO shipped approximately 662,000 cartons of depository materials to the libraries, an average of 317 

cartons every hour. 

Fifty-six percent of the copies distributed 

by GPO were in microfiche format while 43 

percent were in paper format. Less than 1 

percent were in electronic format. However, 

GPO continued to increase the distribution 

of Government publications in electronic 

formats. During the year, approximately 

167,000 copies of 292 titles in electronic 

formats were distributed to depository 

libraries, compared with the distribution of 

95,400 copies of 180 titles in 1992. 

Program Efficiencies 

In 1993, the average cost of printing, cataloging, and distributing each publication 

shipped to depositories was approximately 

$1.00. This level of efficiency was achieved 

through the centralization and specialization of the Depository Library Program. 

If the Program were to operate on a 

decentralized basis, its costs could triple. 

The increased costs would arise from the 

need to fund additional personnel throughout the hundreds of publishing entities in 

the Government to perform depository 

duties. The cost of depository printing 

would also increase if it were to be performed on a decentralized basis ratl1er tlmn 

through GPO. 

Most importantly, the cost of distribution would rise significantly through the 

loss of economies of scale made available 

to GPO. Under GPO's depository distribution system, publications from multiple 

agencies are combined into single shipments, which receive economical shipping 

rates. Individual agencies would lack the 

capability to combine shipments and 

instead be forced to rely on single shipments that would be far more expensive, 

even if the minimum USPS 4th class rate 

were used. In addition, agencies would be 

more likely to ship hard copy formats, 

rather than utilizing microform formats as 

GPO does, since individual microform 

conversion contracts would be expensive. 

Overall, therefore, the current Depository 

Library Program ensures the taxpayers the 

lowest possible cost for making essential 

Government information available for 

their use. 

Program results in 1993 were marked by 

extensive reductions to shipping costs and 

the elimination of the microfiche backlog. 

In May 1993, GPO began use of the Roadway Package System (RPS), in addition to 

the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) and the 

United Parcel Service (UPS) to deliver publications to depository libraries. Increased 

competition led to favorable rates from 

both commercial shippers. Nearly all depos· 

itory libraries are now served by RPS or 

UPS, resulting in an annual savings of 

$129,000 in distribution costs. In addition 

to reduced costs, GPO has benefitted from 

improved accountability for shipment5. 

Libraries are also reporting that they are 

receiving their shipments faster. 

Since 1992, GPO has committed itself to 

the elimination of the microfiche backlog. 

The depository community was consulted 

about this effort and advised that the concentration of resources to achieve this goal 

would impact service provision in other 

operational areas, including claims processing. However, once the microfiche 

conversion and distribution backlog was 

cleared, Program efforts turned to the I 23 
24 

claims backlog. By yearend, GPO eliminated the claims backlog for paper copies. 

Today, the processing of these claims is current and up-to-date. 

Inspections 

Under section 1909 ofTitie 44, GPO 

inspects the Government documents collections of depository libraries to ensure that 

standards of accessibility, maintenance, and 

publications retention are upheld. In 1993, 

254 depository libraries were inspected, a 24 

percent increase over 1992. The increase was 

the direct result of hiring and training two 

additional full-time inspectors. Of the 

libraries inspected, nine were placed on probation as the result of deficiencies, while 

seven which made significant improvements 

and complied witi1 Program standards were 

removed from probationary status. 

Depository Library Council 

The Public Printer and the Superintendent of Documents are advised on the operation of the Depository Library Program by 

the Depository Library Council, composed 

of Government documents librarians and 

other professionals working in the Government information field. The Council has a 

membership of 15, appointed by the Public 

Printer. Each year, one-third of the group is 

appointed for a 3-year term. The Council 

holds public meetings twice a year usually 

for 2 or 3 days, in the spring in Washington, 

DC, and in the fall at different locations 

around the Nation. The Council provides 

recommendations and other direct input 

on library programs operations. In fiscal 

1993, the Council met in Chicago and in 

Washington, DC. 

Federal Depository Conference 

In April 1993, GPO sponsored ti1e second 

annual Federal Depository Seminar, "Effective Library Networking." The seminar was 

attended by 362 depository librarians from 

around the Nation. Speakers included tile 

Public Printer and Superintendent of Documents, ti1e Director of GPO's Library Programs Service, and guest speakers from other 

Federal agencies and the depository community. The "information exchange" sessions 

were especially well received because they 

gave the participants an opportunity to discuss operational issues directly with GPO's 

Depository Library Program managers. 

Interagency Depository Seminar 

To maintain the visibility of the Depository Library Program among Federal agencies, and to expose librarians to the activities of Federal publishers, GPO 

coordinated the sixth annual Interagency 

Depository Seminar in 1993. The seminar 

drew librarians from 65 institutions, who 

met with managers from the Library of 

Congress, the Patent and Trademark 

Office, the Oflice of the Federal Register, 

the U.S. Geological Survey, the Bureau of 

the Census, the Bureau of Labor Statistics, 

and other agencies. 

CATALOGING AND INDEXING 

PROGRAM 

The Superintendent of Documents is 

required by sections 1710 and 1711 ofTitie 

44 to index and classify Government documents and prepare the Monthly Catalog of U.S. 

Government Publications, which contains 

autlloritative descriptions of Government 

document~. The program is funded by tile 

Salaries and Expenses Appropriation of the 

Superintendent of Document~. In 1993, Program funding was $2.8 million, compared 

with $2.6 million in 1992. 

During 1993, approximately 36,700 

items were cataloged, compared with 

31,800 items in 1992. The increase resulted 

fi·om improved staff productivity and utilization of the PRISM cataloging software. 

Receipts of new cataloging work totaled 

47,400 titles, down slightly from the 50,600 

titles received in 1992. 

The backlog of titles awaiting cataloging 

decreased from 19,600 to 15,500 in 1993. 

Approximately 2,000 titles were cataloged 

on contract. 

Cataloging staff continued their efforts in 

1993 to identifY areas for cooperative cataloging with the Library of Congress and 

other libraries. A cooperative cataloging 

effort would enhance GPO's cataloging 

productivity while eliminating duplicative 

Government work in this area. 

STATUTORY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM 

Under vatious sections of Title 44, the 

Superintendent of Documents is required to 

distribute certain publications free of charge 

to recipients designated by law. These publications include the Congressional Record, the 

Commerce Business Daily, and the Official 

Reports of the SujJrerne Court. The Statutory 

Distribution Program is funded by the 

Salaries and Expenses Appropriation of ti1e 

Superintendent of Documents. Program 

funding was $600,000 in 1993, compared 

with $741,000 in 1992. 

During 1993, the Superintendent of Documents received 3.5 million copies of publications which were distributed free in 

accordance with statutory requirements, 

compared with 4.3 million copies received 

and distributed in 1992. 

AGENCY DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM 

Section 1701 of Title 44 authorizes the 

Superintendent of Documents to distribute 

publications on behalf of Federal agencies 

to recipients designated by those agencies. 

This is a reimbursable operation. In 1993, 

the Agency Distr-ibution Program generated 

$5.5 million in reimbursement revenues on 

costs of $5.4 million, yielding a net income 

of $114,000. This compared with revenues 

of$5.9 million on costs of$5.7 million in 

1992, resulting in a net income of$243,000. 

In 1993, GPO received and mailed 

approximately 43.7 million copies of publications on behalf of other agencies, compared with 48.4 million copies in 1992. 

Consumer Information Center 

The largest reimbursable operation is 

located at GPO's Public Documents Distribution Center in Pueblo, CO. The Center is 

nationally known for its "Pueblo, CO 81009" 

mailing address. Approximately half of the 

Center's work is performed on behalf of the 

Consumer Information Center of the General Services Administration, for 'vhom GPO 

distributes low..c;ost and free consumer-oriented publications. Oilier work is performed 
for the Department ofEneq.,>y and the U.S. 

Postal Service. In 1993, approximately 24.6 

million free and paid consumer publications 

were disuibuted by the Center, an increase of 

approximately 840,000 over 1992. 

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE 

PROGRAM 

Pursuant to the convention concluded at 

Brussels on March 15, 1886, and proclaimed by the President on January 15, 

1889, and subsequently codified at section 

1719 of Title 44, U.S. Government publications such as the Congressional Record are distributed to foreign libraries in exchange for 

publications produced by their governments, which are shipped to the Library of 

Congress. The Library administers this Program while the Superintendent of Documents distributes the publications. The 

International Exchange Program is funded 

by the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation 

of the Su)Oerintendent of Documents. Program funding was $592,000 in 1993, compared with $727,000 in 1992. 

Approximately 779,000 copies of U.S. 

Government publications were distributed 

to libraries in 69 countries by this Program 

in 1993, compared with 1.4 million copies 

distributed to 66 nations in 1992. The 1993 

workload reflects a return to historical 

workload levels following the elimination of 

the microfiche conversion and distribution 

backlog, which affected this Program as 

well as the Depository Library Program. 
26 

G PO's primary services--in plant 

printing, printing procurement, 

and publications distribution-are 

supported by several organizations which 

administer GPO's facilities, materials and 

supplies, employee programs, information 

systems, and financial resources. 

FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT 

IMPROVEMENTS 

GPO's Central Office complex in Washington, DC, comprises approximately 34.4 

acres of mvned space in three contiguous 

buildings and a paper warehouse across 

the street. An additional 11.9 acres of 

parking space are owned or leased. GPO 

also leases four buildings in the Washington metropolitan area for office and warehouse space (in Laurel, MD; Springbelt, 

VA; and at Union Center Plaza in Washington), totaling 16.4 acres. GPO will vacate 

the Union Center Plaza (1.4 acres) lease in 

1994, when personnel from that area are 

consolidated in renovated space in the 

Central Office complex. 

In 1993, the acquisition value of all land, 

buildings, and building improvements was 

$68.4 million. These facilities and GPO's 

regional facilities house plant machinery 

and equipment with a 1993 book value of 

$15.2 million ($65.7 million acquisition 

cost less $50.5 million depreciation). 

During the year, GPO continued efforts 

to improve the utilization of facilities and 

equipment. A total of 18 engineering projects were completed, including the 

replacement of five elevators, the installation of automatic roll splicing equipment 

on the Group 86 presses, and the completion of exterior repairs to the Building 4 

warehouse (which has historical value as a 

New Deal-era Federal building). 

Other projects were initiated. Drawings 

and specifications were prepared for installation of the new Congressional Record 

presses on the fourth floor of the Central 

Office complex. The project will include 

the installation of a new concrete floor, a 

480-volt electrical substation, an exhaust 

stack and pollution controls, and a roll lift 

to bring paper from the basement to the 

fourth floor. The project is expected to be 

completed by late 1994. 

I 

Work also began on the renovation of the 

fifth floor of the Central Office to accommodate the relocation of Superintendent of 

Documents and Office of Information 

Resources Management employees from 

Union Center Plaza in 1994. New floors 

were installed and several asbestos abatement projects were completed in the relocation area. Plans were also developed for 

the installation of light fixtures that use about percent as much 

energy as regular fixtures. The lights also 

produce less heat than regular fixtures, lowering the load on air-conditioning units. 

The new fixtures will generate substantial 

savings for GPO. The facilities conversion 

process will transform former industrial 

space into highly usable office space that 

can easily accommodate new computer and 

telecommunications technologies. 

MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES 

MANAGEMENT 

The total value of GPO's 1993 procurement activities, other than for printing, was 

$94.5 million, compared with $83.4 million 

in 1992. Of this, $36.2 million was for 

paper, envelopes, and cartons; $30.7 million was for services, transportation, communications, and travel; $10.3 million was 

for materials and supplies; and $15.3 million was for machinery, equipment, and 

building appurtenances. 

During the year, a pilot program for using 

commercial credit cards was implemented. 

The cards were used for low-dollar procurements and repairs in the bookstores and 

offices. The program reduced the 

number of purchase requests and purchase 

orders by 10 percent, cutting costs and 

improving service. 

An Automated Surplus Property System 

was activated and placed in service in 1993. 

The system replaces antiquated manual procedures. The system is designed to facilitate 

the receipt, categorization, forms generation, and online processing of all accountable property. 

Further enhancements to the Materials 

Management Procurement Control System 

(MMPCS) were made in 1993. The 

Accounts Payable Interface System was automated in two phases to provide a process f()r 

the examination and payment of all materials, supplies, paper, rentals, leases, utilities, 

services, maintenance, subscriptions, and 

equipment. It vvill further permit the payment of invoices by check or electronic payment. The system will eliminate manual 

processes and save over $120,000 annually. 

The Materials Management Service Inventory Team, working with the Office of the 

Comptroller, conducted yearend inventories 

in the Central Office and the Springbelt, VA, 

paper warehouse, placing the accuracy rate 

of the paper inventory at 100 percent. The 

materials inventory achieved an inventory 

accuracy rating of99.9 percent. 

HUMAN RESOURCES 

Employment and Training 

GPO reduced overall employment in 

1993, beginning the year with 4,951 

employees on board, and ending it at a 

level of 4,785. Overall FTE utilization was 

4,761. A hhing freeze was implemented 

during the year for all administrative areas 

and all manager/supervisory positions. 

GPO's Voluntary Leave Transfer Program 

continued during the year. Under this program, employees who need extra leave due 

to medical or family emergencies can 

accept voluntary donations of leave from 

fellow employees at GPO or in other Federal agencies. Approximately 450 individual 

offers to contribute leave to 35 participants 

were processed and approved. 
There were over 3,400 instances of training for GPO employees during 1993. Costs 

were minimized by having GPO employees 

conduct many of the training courses, or by 

having training contractors conduct 

courses on site. Apprenticeship training 

also continued during the year. Under 

these programs, 15 employees graduated 

from the 4-year Engineering Program, 10 

employees graduated from the Offset Press 

Program, and 6 employees began the Offset 

Press Program. 

Follo~ing coordination with the JCP and 

the Office of Personnel Management 

(OPM), GPO implemented an Early-Out 

Retirement Program in 1993. The option 

was offered to a group of 331 non bargaining unit employees and supervisors. 

Twenty-four employees elected to retire 

under this authority. Preliminary work was 

performed to establish a retirement incentive program for FY 1994. This included 

obtaining the necessary authority from 

Congress, which approved a limited retirement incentive authority for GPO, along 

with the Library of Congress and other legislative branch agencies, in the Legislative 

Branch Appropriations Act for FY 1994. 

A Federal Employees Group Life Insurance (FEGLI) Open Enrollment Period was 

conducted at GPO for the first time since 

1985. As a result, 480 employee changes 

were processed. 

Health and Safety 

GPO continued to emphasize health 

issues for employees in 1993, conducting 

the Sixth Annual Health Fair, which provided a wide range of medical screening 

services to over 2,000 employees. A number 

of HIV I AIDS workshops were also conducted for employees, and GPO participated in World AIDS Day. In addition, a 

new Health Promotion Program was made 

available to all employees. 

During the year, GPO designed, negotiated, and implemented a GPO Smoke-Free 

Workplace Program whereby smoking in 

GPO facilities is limited to five outsidevented rooms. Smoking Cessation Clinics 

are also provided for the benefit of individual employees. An Alcohol-Free Workplace Program was also implemented during the year. 

According to OPM, GPO is the 

only agency to have an AlcoholFree Workplace Program that is not 

mandated by law. GPO is also the 

first agency in the Ji'ederal Government to be a totally "drugfree 

workplace" by choice, rather than 

statute, and is the only agency to 

have policies which allow all 

employees to be tested for on-the-job 

use of alcohol or illegal drugs. 

Work was begun during the year to 

acquire a hazardous materi'als shed. The 

shed is needed to comply with Federal, District of Columbia, and agency hazardous 

waste regulations. 

Labor and Employee Relations 

GPO administers labor relations policies 

in accordance with the pertinent laws, 

rules, and regulations issued by OPM, the 

Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB), 

and the Federal Labor Relations Authority 

(FLRA). 

In 1993, GPO's Labor Relations Branch 

received 87 grievances at the third step of 

the negotiated grievance procedure. GPO's 

position was sustained in seven out of eight 

cases which were arbitrated. The FLRA settled or dismissed all44 Unfair Labor Practice Charges which were filed. 

The Alcohol-~'ree Workplace Program was 

negotiated with GPO's Joint Council of 

Unions (JCU) and tl1e International Association of Machinists (IAM), Franklin Lodge 

2135. Employees of the Central Office 

received literature outlining tl1e program at 

an orientation given to all employees, as well 

as supervisors and managers. Employees 

may now be tested for alcohol impairment if 

a supervisor has a reasonable suspicion that 

the employee is under the influence of alcohol. According to OPM, GPO is the only 

agency to have an Alcohol-Free Workplace 

Program that is not mandated by law. GPO 

is also the first agency in the Federal Government to be a totally "drug-free workplace" by choice, rather than statute, and is 

the only agency to have policies which allow 

all employees to be tested for on-the-job use 

of alcohol or illegal drugs. 

GPO's Smokefree Workplace Program was 

also negotiated with the JCU and tl1e IAM, 

Franklin Lodge 2135. The policy prohibits 

smoking in all Central Office facilities except 

designated smoking rooms. 

The Combined Federal Campaign (conducted in November 1992) raised $170,700, 

or 85 percent of GPO's goal. The 1993 Savings Bond Campaign attracted the participation of 1,500, or 31 percent, of GPO's 

employees. 

During the year, GPO's Employee Relations Branch received 199 corrective actions. 

Thirty-six employees were removed as a 

result of these actions, while 74 were suspended. 

Equal Employment Opportunity 

GPO maintains a work environment 

which promotes equal employment opportunity without regard to race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, or physical 

or mental disability. 

During 1993, 27 discrimination complaints were closed. GPO issued final decisions on nine cases, dismissed nine, settled 

seven, and two were withdrawn. 

GPO is covered by the Americans with 

Disabilities Act. GPO's Equal Employment 

Opportunity Service has established procedures for employees to file complaints based 

on disability discrimination under the Act. 

In 1993, the GPO Disabilities Employees 

Advisory Committee was established. The 

Committee consists of eight employees, 

including a union representative. An interagency agreement to have the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission conduct 

heaiings on complaints based on disability 

discrimination was also negotiated. 

The District of Columbia Summer Youth 

Employment Program and In-School Program, both community outreach efforts 

which have been constructive resources 

over the years for entry-level job recruitment, were reduceq in 1993 due to budget 

constraints. 
28 

SECURITY AND SUPPORT SERVICES 

Incident reports generated by GPO's 

uniformed police officers decreased from 

109 in 1992 to 101 in 1993, and reports of 

loss or theft decreased from 58 to 50. The 

reported loss of personal property also 

decreased, from approximately $10,300 to 

$5,200. The reported loss of Government 

property in creased from $4 7 5 to approximately $2,200. 

GPO's officers responded to 95 

smoke/fire detector alarms and 210 medical emergencies in the Central Office complex in 1993, as well as 20 fire and intrusion 

alarms at the Springbelt and Laurel warehouses. They also issued 1,200 Metropolitan Police Department parking citations 

and over 400 GPO parking violation tickets. 

A total of 53 personnel security investigations, including National Agency Checks, 

Limited Background Investigations, and 

Single Scope Background Investigations, 

were processed and forwarded to OPM during the year. The majority of these investig-ations were for employees responsible for 

handling national security information. 

Computer security awareness training 

was provided to all new employees during 

their orientation, and 145 employees 

received advanced computer security awareness training. Four incidents of computer 

viruses within GPO were reported. However, no damage was done to any of GPO's 

computer systems or data. 

Security personnel administered drug 

tests to 38 GPO job applicants. Eighty-six 

random drug tests were administered to 

employees participating in GPO's Drug 

Assistance Program. Three drug tests and 

five alcohol breath tests based on reasonable suspicion were also administered during the year. 

GPO's Support Services operates a wide 

range of functions that facilitate daily operations at GPO. In 1993, GPO's self-sustaining 

employee parking program involved 2,300 

participants and an annual budget of over 

$836,000. The GPO Directives Program 

involved the maintenance, coordination, 

and updating of 550 instructions and 

notices. Records management involved the 

storage, retrieval, and disposition of over 

1,000 cubic feet of GPO records. The Travel 

Management Program processed travel 

arrangements and managed travel expenses 

of $442,200. The Internal Printing and Publications Program irivolved the management 

of printing worth $864,000. The Subscriptions Management Program oversaw $71,700 

worth of GPO subscriptions. The Copier 

Pro!,rram produced 66.9 million copies, the 

majority of them production copies. The 

Mail Management Program oversaw a 1993 

GPO postage bill of approximately $16.5 million and an incoming correspondence workload of over 7,500 pieces of mail daily. 

INFORMATION SYSTEMS 

In 1993, GPO's Office of Information 

Resources Management (OIRM) implemented or revised information systems 

involving a wide range of programs and 

organizations. The Jacket Billing System 

was revised to enable agencies to receive 

billing data on diskettes or tape, automatically downloaded from the GPO mainframe 

computer. The Voucher Payment and Processing System was revised to permit faster 

and easier access to data needed by 

voucher examiners. The PROBE system was 

revised to permit personal computer applications to enter PROBE data. 

OIRM continued to work with the legislative branch in the development of a 

high-speed fiber optic data network to 

connect all Capitol Hill offices. A fiber 

optic cable was installed between GPO 

and the Postal Square Building at the corner of North Capitol Street and Massachusetts Avenue, NE. The network, 

called CAPNET, will serve as a highway for 

the transmission of legislative information. CAPNET is pr~jected to be operational in FY 1994. 

OIRM also continued work on the development of the GPO corporate database. 

This project will improve data management 

and data sharing in all GPO areas, regardless of end-user platform. 

FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 

In 1993, progress was made in automating labor intensive operations within the 

Office of the Comptroller. The Accountable Equipment System was converted to 

a PC-based system, greatly improving 

flexibility in entering, maintaining, and 

querying data in the system. Personal 

computers were also installed in each of 

the five regional printing offices for use 

in the entry of job completion and 

billing data. 

Automation of the materials and supplies 

payment function was approximately 75 

percent completed by the end of the year. 

Software was acquired to improve the 

delivery of financial reports via the GPO 

Banyan Network. The new software will 

automatically extract and place data 

directly into predesigned formats, eliminating redundant data entry and providing 

reports in the desired form. 

During the year, GPO worked closely 

with financial managers at the DOD to 

encourage them to use the Treasury 

Department's automated billing and collecting system. Virtually all agencies use 

this system to bill and collect funds electronically. Since 1992, the volume and 

amount of delinquent DOD invoices has 

increased signit!cantly. 

Progress was made during 1993 on 

GPO's "firm price" project. By yearend, 

firm prices were being used in 44 term 

contract~. Most of the estimates and 

billings are within 1 percent of the cost. 
The Office of the Comptroller is working 

with the regional printing procurement 

offices to develop their capability to provide firm prices. When fully implemented, 

firm pricing will eliminate approximately 

$750,000 in administrative overhead. 

The Office assisted Arthur Andersen & 

Co. in its audit of GPO's FY 1992 financial 

statements. GPO received an unqualified, 

or "clean," opinion on the statements. Few 

Federal agencies have achieved this status. 

PLANNING 

In response to an external review conducted previously by the General Services 

Administration (GSA) on GPO's information resources management activities, the 

Office of Planning developed and forwarded 

to GSA a plan of action with milestones to 

correct discovered deficiencies. The Office 

drafted a GPO instruction on the development of an IRM strategic plan, guidelines on 

the acquisition of Federal Information Processing (FIP) resources, and another instruction covering the development and implementation of a FIP hardware I software 

modernization program at GPO. 

A long-range strategic planning document, GPO Moving Forward in the Electronic 

Age: A Strategic Outlook, was released for 

review and comment in January 1993. 

·The Office of Planning also compiled 

GPO's annual proposed capital equipment 

and facilities requirements plan, which was 

transmitted to the JCP, and prepared the 

Semi-Annual Report of the Public Printer 

on management actions taken in response 

to the recommendations of the Inspector 

General. 
T he consolidated financial statements 

are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles 

(GAAP) for Federal agencies. GAAP requires 

that financial statement~ be prepared on the 

accrual method of accounting, so the statements can provide reliable information prepared in a manner consistent ·with that of the 

previous year. Transactions of GPO are executed and recorded in conformity with established procedures. The financial statements 

are intended to provide information concerning events and other economic affairs of 

GPO. Furthermore, the statements supply 

information that demonstrates management's ability to use it~ resources effectively 

in achieving GPO's goals and objectives. 

GPO's accounting system includes internal 

controls designed to provide reasonable 

assurance that assets are safeguarded against 

loss from unauthorized use or disposition 

and that transactions are properly recorded. 

To ensure that adequate internal controls are 

maintained, management monitors the 

accounting system and initiates modifications 

or improvements deemed necessary to promote operational efficiencies and encourage 

adherence to prescribed managerial policies. 

BUDGETARY ISSUES 

GPO's mission is to assist Congress and 

Federal agencies in the cost-effective creation and replication of information products and services, and to provide an effective 

and economical conduit to the public for 

Government information products and services. GPO strives to operate and manage its 

resources as efficiently as any large corporation, although the Federal budget process 

presents a number of challenges not faced 

by the private sector. 

Neither Congress nor GPO has control 

over the amount of printing tl1at may be 

needed for the legislative process. Estimates 

of the funds required cannot precisely predict future workload for legislative printing. 

As a result, the costs of congressional printing have exceeded available appropriations 

for a number of years. While this did not 

occur in fiscal year 1993, and an agreement 

has been reached to fund the pre-fiscal year 

1993 shortfall over future years, there is no 

assurance, considering tight budgetary constraints and overall Government deficitreduction actions, that the necessary level 

offunds will be appropriated. 

A decline in traditional printing and binding in the Federal Government ha~ occurred 

and is expected to continue. GPO plans to 

respond to these reductions by obtaining a 

larger share of the market, and by offering 

new products and services using more cost· 

effective electronic information technology. 

GPO is also faced with the need to invest 

in equipment modernization, new technology, and facilities improvements. While 

these expenditures will be capitalized and 

depreciated over as long as twenty years, 

funds will be necessary to finance these 

investments. GPO has reported financial 

losses for the past three years, making it dif. 

ficult to generate investment capital 

through operations. 

FISCAL YEAR 1993 RESULTS 

The public printing and documents 

chapters of Title 44 of the U.S. Code 

require GPO to fulfill the printing needs of 

the Federal Government and distribute 

Government publications to the public. All 

GPO activities arc financed through a 

Revolving Fund which is reimbursed by payment~ from client agencies, sales to the 

public, and transfers from the Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation 

and the Salaries and Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Documents. 

These annual appropriations, are used to 

reimburse GPO for costs incurred in performing congressional work and to fulfill 

statutory requirements associated with the 

distribution of Government publications. 

Reimbursements from these appropriations 

are included in GPO's total revenues. 

GPO experienced a consolidated net loss 

before amounts due the U.S. Treasury for 

fiscal year 1993 of $14.1 million, compared 

with a $5.2 million loss for fiscal vear 1992. 

The increase in the loss from fis~al year 

1992 to 1993 is attributable to increases in 

expenses (primarily negotiated wage 

increases for GPO employees), a freeze on 

prices to GPO customers (since January 

1990), and a continuing decline in printing 

and binding work. Consolidated revenue 

decreased by $107.0 million to $816.6 million in 1993 and total expenses decreased 

by $98.1 million to $830.7 million, primarily as a result of a decline in demand for 

GPO printing and binding work. A summary, in thousands, of revenue and net 

income or loss in the major operations of 

GPO is shown below.· 

PRINTING AND BINDING OPERATIONS 

In fiscal year 1993, GPO's Printing and 

Binding Operations contributed revenue of 

$741.8 million, compared with $852.9 million in 1992. Printing and Binding Operations generated 76.1 percent of GPO's total 

revenue, compared witl1 77.9 percent last 

year. Revenue from commercially procured 

printing was $530.0 million, or 66.5 percent 

of total GPO revenue (excluding revenue 

from sales of blank paper and other operations). During fiscal year 1993, the procedure 

for estimating an allowance for potentially 

obsolete materials, supplies, and paper wa~ 

changed to conform more fully with a recom1993 1992 

Revenue 

Net Income 

or Loss Revenue 

Net Income 

or Loss 

REVOLVING FUND: 

Printing and Binding OperationsPurchased Printing: 

Central 

Regional 

Subtotal 

Plant printing 

Regional printing 

Other 

Subtotal of Printing 

and Binding Operations 

Information DisseminationSales of Publications 

Agency Distributions 

Subtotal 

APPROPRIATIONS: 

Salaries and Expenses 

Congressional Printing and Binding 

Subtotal 

ELIMINATIONS 

Total 

$326,474 

203,533 

530,007 

202,429 

7,255 

2,110 

741,801 

84,083 

5,484 

89,567 

26,247 

80,044 

106,291 

(121,030) 

$816,629 

$ 1,732 

(5,943) 

(4,211) 

(13,052) 

(1,217) 

671 

(17,809) 

3,616 

114 

3,730 

$(14,079) 

$399,006 

230,281 

629,287 

212,591 

8,710 

2,324 

852,912 

79,907 

5,912 

85,819 

28,990 

89,580 

118,570 

(133,672) 

$923,629 

$5,058 

(3,800) 

1,258 

(2,412) 

(5,575) 

794 

(5,935) 

537 

243 

780 

$(5,155) 
32 

mendation from independent auditors. The 

new procedure resulted in an additional 

expense, primarily to Printing and Binding 

Operations, of approximately $1.0 million. 

Purchased Printing 

GPO's central and regional printing procurement operations contributed revenue 

of $530.0 million in fiscal year 1993 compared >vith revenue of $629.3 million in fiscal year 1992. The procurement operations 

experienced a net loss of$4.2 million compared >vith net income of$1.3 million in fiscal year 1992. 

Central Office Printing Procurement 

Revenue from Central Office printing 

procurement activities was $326.5 million, 

compared >vith $399.0 million in fiscal year 

1992. Expenses for Central Office printing 

procurement activities were $342.7 million, 

compared >vith $394.0 million the previous 

fiscal year. Net income for the Central 

Office printing procurement was $1.7 million, a decrease from fiscal year 1992 net 

income of $5.0 million. 

Regional Printing Procurement 

Regional printing procurement revenue 

was $203.4 million, compared >vith $230.3 

million the previous fiscal year, while 

expenses decreased to $209.5 million from 

$234.1 million in fiscal year 1992. The net 

loss in regional printing procurement 

increased to $5.9 million in fiscal year 1993 

from $3.8 million in fiscal year 1992. 

Plant Printing Operations 

Plant Printing Operations showed a loss 

of$13.1 million in fiscal year 1993, compared >vith a net loss of$2.4 million in fiscal 

year 1992. The increase in the loss was due 

to a decline in congressional workload and 

an overall decline in demand for Government printing and binding services. 

Regional Printing Operations 

GPO's regional printing operations experienced a combined net loss of$1.2 million in 

fiscal year 1993, compared to a net loss of 

$5.6 million in fiscal year 1992. Most of the 

fiscal year I992loss ($3.9 million) was 

generated by the Rapid Response CenterNational Capital Area. This facility was dosed 

in May 1992 after many years of losses. 

SUPERINTENDENT Of DOCUMENTS 

OPERATIONS 

Sales of Publications Program 

GPO's Sales of Publications Program 

generated net income of $3.6 million in 

I 

fiscal year 1993, an increase from net 

income of $537,000 in fiscal year 1992. 

Total salesrevenue increased to $84.1 million, compared >vith $79.9 million in fiscal 

year 1992, dne primarily to small increases 

in the price of some subscriptions. Revenue from the sale of Government publications in electronic format was $1.1 million 

in fiscal year 1993, compared >vith 

$875,000 in fiscal year 1992. Bookstore revenue increased to $15.5 million, compared 

>vith $14.2 million in fiscal year 1992. 

Agency Distribution Services 

Under contract \vith customer agencies, 

GPO performs distributions of publications 

to recipients designated by those ag•en<:Ies 

and charges for the cost of services performed. This program earned $5.5 million 

and $5.9 million in revenue and yielded net 

income of$114,000 and $243,000 in fiscal 

years 1993 and 1992, respectively. 

Salaries and Expenses Programs 

Salaries and expenses associated >vith the 

operation of the Statutory Distribution Program, the Depository Library Program, the 

Cataloging and Indexing Program, and the 

International Exchange Program decreased 

to $26.2 million in fiscal year 1993, compared with $29.0 million in fiscal year 1992. 

The decrease is attributable to additional 

funds being used during fiscal year 1992 to 

distribute 1990 decennial census publications, and to reduce the backlog of microform copies of publications in the Depository Library Program. 

CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND 

BINDING OPERATIONS 

Printing and binding expenses for work 

performed for Congress are reimbursed to 

the Printing and Binding Operations 

Revolving Fund upon billing. For fiscal 

year 1993, reimbursements from the 

appropriation were $80.0 million, compared >vith $89.6 million in fiscal year 

1992. Included in these appropriations are 

$3.5 million and $3.0 milliqn, respectively, 

that had been authorized to fund the 

shortfall in appropriations resulting from 

prior years. 

OTHER OPERATIONS 

Other Operations consists primarily of 

the sale of retired fixed asset~, pay parking 

program, and miscellaneous transactions. 

Other Operations generated net income of 

$671,000 compared with net income of 

$794,000 in fiscal year 1992. 

ELIMINATIONS 

Eliminations consist of revenues for publications sold, printing and binding, and 

other services provided to "'"'"'"''';'"' 

funded internally to GPO. c,unuxutlLIUJis 

decreased to $121.0 million in fiscal year 

1993 from $133.7tnillion in fiscal year 

1992, primarily due to a $9.5 million 

decrease in printing and binding produced 

by GPO and reimbursed from the Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation, 

and a million decrease in the cost of 

printing and purchased by the 

Salaries and Expenses Appropriation from 

GPO's and Binding Operations. 

FISCAL YEAR 1994 PROJECTIONS 

GPO's financial plan for fiscal year 1994 

has been developed to satisfY the legal 

nn'm,pnr of the GPO Revolving Fund 

to recover all costs for current operations 

and to fund capital improvements. At the 

beginning of fiscal year 1994, GPO otlered 

a separation incentive payment program 

that spurred 357 oyees to separate 

from GPO. As are in fiscal year 1994 

GPO will net about $5.6 million in cost savings. This will more than offset cost of livincreases granted to remaining 

enJDI•ove:es. This is a major step in reducing our greatest controllable expense: personnel compensation. Even >vith this management action, the Agency's estimated 

loss >vill be about $22 million, including 

the incentive payments. Beginning in fiscal 

year 1995, the savings from this program 

>vill be approximately $17.6 million and, in 

concert >vith other efforts we are undertaking, it should enable GPO to be fully self~ 

sustaining once again. 

One effort that GPO is undertaking to 

expand business is to expand operations 

into electronic products and services. This 

includes providing gateways to Federal 

agency databases, disseminating an online 

version of the Congressional Record, the 

Federal Register, and other Government 

information, and creating a Federal information locator service. 

These activities are required by the GPO 

Electronic Information Access Enhancement Act of1993 (P.L. 103-40). 

Another major step toward revitalizing 

GPO is our capital investment program. 

Capital investment~ that have been 

approved or are being considered by the 

JCP include new web presses, new publishing hardware and software, order processing software for the Superintendent of Documents, and a network publishing system 

that will enable GPO to be cost-competitive 

on low-volume documents. 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES 

For the Years Ended September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

1993 1992 

(Unaudited) (Audited) 

Percent of Percent of 

Amount Revenues Amount Revenues 

REVENUES 

Printing and binding $621,584 76.1% $719,640 77.9% 

Sales of publications 84,083 10.3 79,907 8.7 

Appropriations 105,478 12.9 118,170 12.8 

Reimbursements 5,484 0.7 5,912 0.6 

Total revenues 816,629 100.0 923,629 100.0 

EXPENSES 

Printing and reproduction 469,214 57.5 562,175 60.9 

Personnel compensation and benefits 235,772 28.9 237,165 25.7 

Supplies and materials 50,651 6.2 52,802 5.7 

Rents, communications and utilities 31,152 3.8 32,032 3.5 

Publications sold 23,111 2.8 23,769 2.6 

Depreciation and amortization 5,950 0.7 5,838 0.6 

Other services 5,363 0.7 5,830 0.6 

Surplus publications 5,253 0.6 4,918 0.5 

Travel and transportation 4,242 0.5 4,255 0.5 

Total expenses 830,708 101.7 928,784 100.6 

NET lOSS $ (14,079) (1.7)% $ (5,155) (0.6)% 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements. 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

ASSETS 

1993 

(Unaudited) 

CURRENT ASSETS 

Funds with U.S. Treasury (Note 20) 

Accounts receivable (Note 4) 

Inventories (Note 2E) 

Prepaid expenses 

Total current assets 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT (Note 2F) 

Land and buildings 

Equipment and building improvements 

Total Acquisition Value 

Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization 

Total property and equipment 

LONG-TERM ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE (Note 5) 

Total assets 

$176,180 

158,117 

29,221 

234 

363,752 

18,633 

136,468 

155,101 

(97,900) 

57,201 

$420,953 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance sheets. 

34 I 

1992 

(Audited) 

$126,700 

200,776 

32,933 

148 

360,557 

18,633 

132,653 

151,286 

(96,091) 

55,195 

6,613 

$422,365 
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

LIABILITIES AND INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT 

CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses (Note 6} 

Deferred revenue (Note 7) 

Due U.S. Treasury (Note 2L) 

Total current liabilities 

OTHER LIABILITIES 

Accrued annual leave 

Total other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 8) 

INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT (Note 9) 

Revolving Fund: 

Cumulative results of operations, beginning of year 

Net loss 

Cumulative results of operations, end of year 

Invested capital 

Total revolving fund 

Appropriated Funds 

Total investment of U.S. Government 

Total liabilities and investment of U.S. Government 

1993 

(Unaudited) 

$ 80,556 

34,277 

544 

115,377 

12,495 

12,495 

127,872 

165,919 

(14,079) 

151,840 

109,950 

261,790 

31,291 

293,081 

$420,953 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance sheets. 

1992 

(Audited) 

$ 80,354 

34,238 

544 

115,136 

12,155 

12,155 

127,291 

171,074 

(5,155) 

165,919 

109,949 

275,868 

19,206 

295,074 

$422,365 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS 

For the Years Ended September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

Net loss 

Adjustments to net loss: 

Depreciation and amortization 

Loss on retirement of assets 

Provision for losses on accounts receivable 

Provision for obsolete inventory 

Provision for losses on surplus publications 

Changes in assets and liabilities: 

(Increase) decreaseAccounts receivable 

Inventories 

Prepaid expenses 

Increase (decrease)-

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Deferred revenue 

Accrued annual leave 

Total adjustments 

Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities 

1993 

(Unaudited) 

$ {14,079) 

5,950 

35 

(399) 

1,339 

120 

49,670 

2,252 

(85) 

203 

39 

340 

59,464 

45,385 

1992 

(Audited) 

$ {5,155) 

5,838 

10 

427 

300 

{922) 

(14,662) 

3,857 

(72) 

(5,792) 

2,851 

1,432 

(6,733) 

(11 ,888) -------------------------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

Capital expenditures 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Increase (decrease) in unexpended appropriations 

Funds returned to U.S. Treasury: 

From Salaries and Expenses Appropriation 

From Sales of Publications Operations 

From Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation 

(7,990) (9,112) 

12,382 102 

(297) (2,023) 

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities 12,085 (1 ,921) -------------------------- NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN FUNDS WITH U.S. TREASURY 49,480 (22,921) 

FUNDS WITH U.S. TREASURY, beginning of year 126,700 149,621 

FUNDS WITH U.S. TREASURY, end of year $176,180 $126,700 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated statements. 

36 I 
STATEMENT OF BUDGET AND ACTUAL EXPENSES 

For the Years Ended September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Budget 

Obligations 

Total 

Resources Direct 

REVOLVING FUND $831,368 $ 

CONGRESSIONAl PRINTING AND 

BINDING APPROPRIATION 89,591 89,591 

SALARIES AND EXPENSES APPROPRIATION 29,082 29,082 

TOTAl $950,041 $118,673 

BUDGET RECONCILIATION (Note 21) 

TOTAl EXPENSES, accrual basis 

ADD 

Capital acquisitions 

Other expended budget authority: 

lESS 

Decrease in accounts receivable 

Increase in prepaid expense 

Decrease in accounts payable 

Increase in deferred revenue 

Depreciation and amortization 

Accrued annual leave 

Other expenses 

ACCRUED EXPENDITURES, budgetary basis 

lESS: Revolving Fund revenue 

ACCRUED EXPENDITURES, direct 

See accompanying Schedule of Budget and Actual Expenditures by Fund Type. 

Reimbursed 

$859,626 

$859,626 

Actual 

Expenses 

$951,738 

7,990 

(52,191) 

85 

2,127 

(39) 

5,950 

340 

3,347 

900,073 

831,368 

$ 68,705 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement. 

Actual 

Expenses 

$845,447 

80,044 

26,247 

$951,738 

137 
38 

1. ORGANIZATION 

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992 

The U.S. Government Printing Office (GPO) is established by the public printing and documents statutes of Title 44 of the U.S. Code. 

Congress enacted this legislation to provide to the Federal Government with an economic and efficient means for the production and 

procurement of congressional and agency printing and binding and for the dissemination of information to the public. The Public 

Printer, appointed by the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, oversees the operations of the GPO. GPO carries out its 

responsibilities through the operation of a Revolving Fund and congressional appropriations. 

2. SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES 

A. Basis of Accounting 

The consolidated financial statements arc prepared on the accrual basis of accounting following generally accepted accounting 

principles. 

B. Basis of Consolidation 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements of GPO include the accounts of all funds under GPO control that have been 

established and maintained to account for the resources of GPO. A discussion of these fimds is included in the remarks immediately 

preceding the supplemental schedules. 

General and administrative expenses have been distributed among the various expense categories. To the extent practicable, general 

and administrative expenses were allocated to the various programs based on the estimated level of effort associated with each program. 

All significant intra-agency balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Revenue and expense eliminations for 

the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, consisted of the following: 

In addition to the above eliminations, there is an elimination within the Inhouse Printing Program of revenues and expenses for 

services and other internal transactions (e.g., internal-use forms, electronic repairs, spoilages) provided to and by the Inhouse Printing 

Program organizations. The eliminations are $4,720,000 and $6,034,000 for the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, respectively. 

C. Revenue Recognition and Expended Appropriations 

Revolving Fund revenue for printing and binding is recognized on the basis of work performed by GPO because all printing and 

binding work is required, by law, to be reimbursed on the basis of services rendered. Revolving Fund revenue from commercially procured 

printing and binding is recognized on the date the contract requirements are fulfilled (constructive-receipt concept). Revolving Fund 

revenue from distributing and selling publications to the public is recognized when publications have been shipped or when services have 

been performed. Appropriation revenue is recorded when expenses are accrued. 

The amount of appropriations expended and the programs funded are presented in Note lOA. Unexpended appropriations are 

recorded as Investment of U.S. Government (see Note lOB). 

D. Funds With U.S. Treasury 

This total represents all undisbursed balances for GPO's accounts with the U.S. Treasury and cash and other negotiable instrument~ 

on hand and in transit for deposit. Funds are based on the balances recorded by the Treasury in their C'><:wernment Online Accounting 

link System (GOALS). A breakdown of items included in this category as of September 30, 1993 and 1992, is as follows: 

I 
E. Inventories 

Inventories of publications for sale are valued using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) cost method, and are shown net of an allowance 

for surplus publications. The allowance for surplus publications is established to estimate the value of potentially obsolete or excess 

publications held in inventory. As of September 30, 1993 and 1992, the components of inventories are as follows: 

Paper and materials and supplies include the cost of direct material (e.g., blank paper, book cloth) for use in the production of client 

products, as well as the cost of administrative-use supplies. They are valued using the weighted-average cost method and are shown net of 

a provision for obsolescence. During fiscal year 1993, GPO revised the procedure to estimate the allowance for the cost of potentially 

obsolete inventory. The effect of this change is discussed in Note 2K. 

F. Property and Equipment 

Property and equipment is valued at cost. Printing equipment transferred to GPO from other Federal agencies is valued in 

accordance with Regulation Number 26 published by the Joint Committee on Printing UCP), which approximates historical cost. 

Ordinary repairs and other regular maintenance cost<; are expensed as incurred. Expenditures which substantially increase the useful 

lives of the assets are capitalized. 

Depreciation and amortization of property and equipment is calculated on a straight-line basis. Plant machinery and equipment are 

depredated in accordance withJCP guidelines, which approximates their useful lives. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the 

lesser of their useful lives or the lease term. A table of the ranges of depreciable and amortizable lives of GPO assets follows: 

139 
40 

Property, plant, and equipment as of September 30, 1993, consisted of the following: 

Property, plant, and equipment as of September 30, 1992, ,consisted of the following: 

G. Annual, Sick and Other Types of Leave 

Annual leave is accrued as it is earned, and the accrual is reduced as leave is taken. Each year, the balance in the accrued annual 

leave account is adjusted to reflect current pay rates. 

Sick leave and other types of nonvested leave are expensed as taken. 

H. Accounting for Interagency Activities 

Other Federal agencies make financial decisions and report certain financial matters on behalf of the Federal Government as a 

whole, including matters in which individual agencies may be an indirect party in interest. This concept of having Federal agencies record 

I 
or report only those Government-wide financial matters for which they are directly responsible is consistent with the General Accounting 

Office's Policies and Procedures Manual for Guidance of Federal Agencies, Title 2, which seeks to identify financial matters with the agency having budgetary authority and resources to manage them. 

Financial matters maintained or reported by other Federal agencies in which GPO is indirectly involved include employee pension 

plan benefits (see Note 3) and certain legal situations (see Note 8C). 

I. Statement of Cash Flows 

Beginning with the fiscal year 1992 consolidated financial statements, GPO has adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board's 

Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, "Statement of Cash Flows." Under this standard, the former statement of changes in 

financial position is superseded by the new statement of cash flows. The statement of cash flows identifies cash receipts and payments and 

classifies them into operating, financing, and investing activities. This additional disclosure of information is intended to help assess the 

ability to generate funds from current operations, identify financing acquired from outside sources, and identify the major non-operating 

(investing) uses of funds. For the purposes of this statement, cash equals Funds with U.S. Treasury as defined in Note 2D. 

J. Statement of Budget and Actual Expenses 

The purpose of the statement of budget and actual expenses is to provide a reconciliation from the consolidated financial 

statements, which are prepared on an accrual basis, to related reports on budget execution, which are prepared on an obligational 

basis, as reported to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB). 

"Total Resources" on this statement include new budget authority granted GPO for fiscal year 1993 for the Revolving Fund and 

for the Congressional Printing and Binding and Salaries and Expenses Appropriations, as discussed in Note 10. Expended amounts 

for these two appropriations from prior years are included in the "Actual Expenses" column and are shown in the supplemental 

"Schedule of Appropriated Funds." 

"Obligations, direct" represents the amount of orders placed, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions 

incurred against appropriations which have resulted or will result in an outlay of funds. 

"Obligations, reimbursed" represents the amount of orders placed, contracts awarded, services received, and similar transactions 

mcurred against authority reimbursed to the Revolving Fund through the performance of services or sale of goods to others. 

The "Budget Reconciliation" section provides a bridge between the accrual-based financial statements and OMB's cash-based 

budget execution report expenses, by adding cash outlays, such as capital acquisitions, that do not affect expenses shown on the 

financial statements and by reducing the accrued expenses, such as depreciation, that do not require cash outlays. 

"Accrued Expenditures, direct" represents the excess of cash payments over reimbursements earned during fiscal year 1993 from 

GPO customers and congressional appropriations. 

K. Change in Accounting Policy 

The fiscal year 1993 consolidated balance sheet and statement of revenues and expenses include the effect of a change in 

estimating potentially obsolete inventories of production paper and materials and administrative-use supplies. 

The effect of this change on the fiscal year 1993 consolidated balance sheet and statement of revenues and expenses was to decrease the 

value of GPO assets (inventory) by approximately $1.0 million and increase the loss in the Printing and Binding Revolving Fund by the same 

amount. 

L. Funds Due U.S. Treasury 

Prior to fiscal year 1992, GPO considered the net annual income of its Sales of Publications Program as constituting excess receipts 

and, as such, was by law payable to the Treasury. During fiscal year 1992, the Public Printer defined excess receipts as net annual income 

of the Sales Program adjusted for accrued depreciation less actual capital assets purchased or committed to during the fiscal year. 

Previously, the Sales Program was permitted to recover the cost of purchased capital assets through depreciation. "Funds Due Treasury" 

in fiscal year 1993 relate to excess receipts from fiscal year 1991 operations. They will be returned to the Treasury in fiscal year 1994. 

Beginning in fiscal year 1994, P.L. 103-69 removed the requirement that excess receipts from the Sales Program be returned to the 

Treasury. Excess receipts may be retained by the GPO Revolving Fund for operating and capital expenditures. 

M. Reclassification of Fiscal Year 1992 Balances 

Certain reclassifications have been made to fiscal year 1992 balances to present them consistently with fiscal year 1993 statements 

and schedules. 

3. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS 

GPO funds a portion of pension benefits for its employees under the Civil Service Retirement System and the Federal Employees 

Retirement System and also makes the necessary payroll deductions for employees for their pension contribution. GPO is not required to 

disclose the assets of the system or the actuarial data with respect to accumulated plan benefits of the unfunded pension liability relative 

to its employees. Reporting such amounts is the direct responsibility of the Office of Personnel Management (OPM). The cost of health 

care benefits for retired employees and the reporting of such amounts are also the direct responsibility of OPM. 
A. Civil Service Retirement System 

The majority of GPO's employees were covered by the Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS) during fiscal years 1993 and 1992. 

Total GPO matching contributions (7.5 percent for Congressional Record indexers, investigators, and law officers, and 7 percent for all 

other employees) to CSRS for all employees covered by CSRS were approximately $10.6 million and $10.7 million for the years ended 

September 30, 1993 and 1992, respectively. 

B. Federal Employees Retirement System 

On january l, 1987, the Federal Employees Retirement System (FERS), a defined contribution plan, commenced pursuant to 

P.L. 99-335. Employees hired after December 31, 1983, were automatically covered by FERS and Social Security, while employees hired 

prior to January 1, 1984, were able to choose between joining this plan or remaining in CSRS. One difference between FERS and CSRS is 

that FERS offers the Thrift Savings Plan (TSP), which requires GPO to contribute 1 percent of an enrolled employee's base pay, and to 

match any enrolled employee's contribution up to 5 percent of base pay. For the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, total GPO 

(employer) contributions to FERS (18.8 percent for Congressional Record indexers, 27.3 percent for investigators and law officers, and 

12.9 percent for all other employees) were $4.6 million and $3.9 million, respectively. Additional contributions of GPO's share to the TSP 

for the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, totaled $1.1 million and $800,000, respectively. 

C. Social Security System 

GPO also makes matching contributions to the Social Security Administration (SSA) under the Federal Insurance Contributions Act 

(FICA). For employees covered by FERS, GPO contributes matching amounts of 6.2 percent of gross pay (up to $57,600) to SSA's 

Old-i\ge, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) Program. Additionally, GPO makes matching contributions for all employees of 

1.45 percent of gross pay (up to $135,000) to SSA's Medicare Hospital Insurance Program. Payments to these programs for the years 

ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, amounted to $5.5 million and $5.2 million, respectively. 

4. ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 

Accounts receivable as of September 30, 1993 and 1992, c<~mprised the following: 

I 
The majority of GPO's accounts receivable are due from other Federal agencies for products or services provided. Unbilled completed 

work results from the delivery of goods or the performance of services for which bills have not been rendered. Included in this balance as 

of September 30, 1993, is unbilled commercial printing valued at $59.3 million, unbilled direct mill-to-customer agency paper shipments 

valued at approximately $700,000, finished work in the process of being billed valued at $19.2 million, and finished work for which invoices 

have not been prepared as of September 30, 1993, valued at $19.3 million. 

Unbilled work in process represents the value of work performed on customer orders as of September 30 that, by law, must be reimbursed by GPO customers. 

Employees accounts receivable for fiscal year 1993 includes $1,154,000 and $50,000 owed by current employees and former employees, respectively, who were advanced annual and sick leave. Both types of leave for current employees will be repaid by these employees in 

biweekly installments or by other GPO employees on their behalf through the donated leave program. 

5. LONG-TERM ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLECONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING APPROPRIATION CUMULATIVE SHORTFALL 

At the end of fiscal year 1993 there was an estimated $8,737,000 cumulative shortfall in the Congressional Printing and Binding 

Appropriation. The shortfall represents the estimated cost to provide work ordered by Congress, related to 1992 and prior appropriations, 

which GPO has not initiated, and which was not adequately funded by appropriations from Congress initially. At the end of fiscal year 1992, 

the shortfall was estimated at $24.9 million. The decrease in the shortfall during fiscal year 1993 is attributable to an appropriation from 

Congress of$3.5 million to help pay down the shortfall, and congressional workload for the fiscal year being much less than anticipated, 

thereby allowing the cumulative shortfall to be paid down from funds available in the Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation 

for fiscal year 1993. This is shown by the following: 

At the end of fiscal year 1993, even though an $8,737,000 cumulative shortfall existed, no accounts receivable was recorded. This was 

because the work associated with the shortfall had not been initiated as of September 30, 1993. In fiscal year 1992, out of the $24.9 

million cumulative shortfall, $10,113,000 was recorded as accounts receivable. Of the $10,113,000, $3.5 million was recorded as short-term 

accounts receivable because the fiscal year 1993 appropriation included this amount to pay down the shortfall, and the remaining 

$6,613,000 was classified as a long-term account receivable. In fiscal year 1994, no funding has been specifically provided to pay down the 

shortfall. GPO's appropriation request for fiscal year 1995 includes $3.0 million to pay down part of the remaining $8,737,000 shortfall. 

I 43 
6. ACCOUNTS PAYABLE AND ACCRUED EXPENSES 

Accounts navable and accrued exoenses comorised the followin~r as of Sentember 30. 1993 and 1992: 

7. DEFERRED REVENUE 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992, deferred revenue comprised the following: 

Deferred revenue results from the receipt of customer remittances for future products or services. Deferred subscription revenues for 

products such as the Congressional &curd, the Federal Register, and the Commerce B1tsiness Daily, are recognized as revenue as the periodicals 

are delivered. Customer deposits for publication ()rders are recognized as revenue when customer orders against this account are filled. 

8. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES 

A. Operating Leases 

As of September 30, 1993, GPO was committed to various noncancelable operating leases primarily covering administrative office 

space, retail space, and warehouse space. Many of these leases contain escalation clauses and renewal options. The following is a 

schedule of future minimum rental payments (in thousands) required under operating leases by type, which have initial or remaining 

noncancelable lease terms in excess of one year. Rent expenses for the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, were $7,000,000 and 

$7,400,000, respectively. Rent expense decreased from fiscal year 1992 to flscal year 1993 due to the cancellation of the GSA lease 

agreement for the Rapid Response Center printing facility in May 1992. 

~ I 
B. Commitments 

GPO is committed under obligations for goods and services which have been ordered but not received (undelivered orders) at fiscal 

yearend. Aggregate undelivered orders for all GPO activities were $128.2 million and $100.3 million as of September 30, 1993 and 1992, 

respectively. Undelivered orders at the end of fiscal years 1993 and 1992 included approximately $10 million for the acquisition ofland 

adjacent to the main building. 

C. Contingencies 

GPO is a party to various administrative proceedings, legal actions, and claims brought by or against it. In the opinion of GPO management and legal counsel, the ultimate resolution of these proceedings, actions, and claims will not materially affect the financial position or results of operations. 

Occasionally, GPO may be the named party but another agency may administer and litigate the case. Amounts to be paid under any 

decision, settlement, or award pertaining thereto may be funded by those agencies. In most cases, tort claims are administered and 

resolved by the Department of Justice, and any amounts necessary for resolution are obtained from a special .Judgment Fund maintained 

by the Treasury. Amounts paid from this fund on behalf of the GPO were $92,000 and $943,000 for the years ended September 30, 1993 

and 1992, respectively, and are not reflected in GPO's consolidated financial statements. 

9. INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT 

Invested Capital and Fund Balances 

Invested Capital represents Federal Government resources invested in certain GPO assets (principally land, buildings and equipment) and working capital. Increases to Invested Capital are recorded only when such assets are acquired with direct appropriations or 

with moneys transferred or when printing equipment is donated to GPO. 

Investment of U.S. Government as of September 30, 1993, consisted of the following: 

I 45 
46 

Investment of U.S. Government as of September 30, 1992, consisted of the following: 

10. APPROPRIATIONS 

A. Expended Appropriations 

Total appropriations made available through congressional appropriations for fiscal years 1993 and 1992 were $89,591,000 and 

$91,591,000 for Congressional Printing and Binding and $29,082,000 and $27,082,000 for Salaries and Expenses of the Superintendent 

of Documents, respectively. 
Descriptions of program activities funded by these appropriations are in the notes preceding the supplemental schedules. Expended 

appropriations for program operations for the years ended September 30, 1993 and 1992, were as follows: 

For fiscal year 1994, P.L. 103-69 made available $88,404,000 and $29,082,000 for Congressional Printing and Binding and Salaries and 

Expenses of the Superintendent of Documents, respectively. 

B. Unexpended Appropriations 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992, GPO had unexpended appropriations obligated for Salaries and Expenses and Congressional 

Printing and Binding services of$31,291,000 and $19,206,000, respectively, as shown in the supplemental "Schedule of Appropriated Funds." 

11. RELATED-PARTY TRANSACTIONS-REFECTORY CAFE LIMITED 

The GPO Cafeteria is operated by the Refectory Cafe Limited, a non-profit corporation chartered in the District of Columbia in 

1985. The Board of Directors of the Cafeteria is composed of three senior level GPO managers as appointed by the Public Printer. Also, 

fromjuly 1991 through the end of fiscal year 1993 a GPO employee was detailed to manage the Cafeteria. Since its incorporation in 

1985 through September 30, 1993, the Cafeteria has incurred a cumulative operating loss of approximately $450,000. The cafeteria has 

working capital, as of September 30, 1993, of approximately $37,000. In order to keep the Cafeteria operating, GPO provided the 

Cafeteria funding of approximately $482,000 through the end of fiscal year 1992, with the approval of the JCP. 

At September 30, 1992, GPO assumed, with the approval of the JCP, approximately $380,000 of the Cafeteria's current and 

long-term liabilities. GPO recorded an expense for this amount in the fiscal year 1992 consolidated financial statements. These items 

consisted of the following. 

• GPO forgave approximately $163,000 in loans it made to the Cafeteria between 1985 and 1991. 

• GPO paid approximately $135,000 which represented the Cafeteria's delinquent and paid past-due contributions to the Cafeteria 

employees' pension plan. 

• GPO assumed approximately $82,000 in overdue trade payables and unfunded annual leave. 

In addition, based on the latest actuarial report prepared by Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, the pension plan 

trustee, the Cafeteria had a projected unfunded pension liability of approximately $181,000 as of July 1, 1993. The projected unfunded 

pension liability represents an actuarial estimate of the future benefits to be paid to vested members after working to retirement age, and 

is changed when there is a new participant or a vested member dies. It does not represent a current liability to the Cafeteria or GPO. 
48 

SUPPLEMENTAL SCHEDULES 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992 

The supplemental schedules present GPO's financial position, results of operations, and cash flows, by fund type and by program 

within the fund. A description of each fund type and the programs operated from the fund follows: 

Revolving Fund accounts are established by law to finance a continuing cycle of operations with receipts derived from such operations 

usually available in their entirety for reuse without further action by Congress. The GPO Revolving Fund is used to finance the following two 

m<9or operations: 

Printing and Binding Operations include the transactions related to printing and binding and distribution services to Congress 

and Federal agencies. Printing and binding operations are reimbursed by payments from agencies and from the Congressional 

Printing and Binding and Salaries and Expenses Appropriations. 

Sales of Publications Operations include the transactions related to sales of publications and distributing publications to the 

public. Sales of Publications Operations are reimbursed by receipts from sales of publications, and by agencies for distribution 

services provided. 

Programs of note in this fund are Inhouse Printing Operations, which include one central and five regional printing plants; Priming 

Procurement Operations, which include 1 central, 14 regional, and 6 satellite procurement offices; and Sales of Publications Operations, 

which operate through the Central Office, 2 distribution centers, a congressional sales office and 23 GPO bookstores nationwide, and 18 

consigned sales agents. 

General Fund accounts are used to record financial transacti~ns arising under congressional appropriations. Congress has authorized 

two general funds that GPO administers: 

I 

Salaries and Expenses Appropriation for necessary expenses incurred by the Superintendent of Documents tor depository 

library distributions, international exchange, and other statutory distribution of publications, and for the cataloging and indexing 

of Government publications. 

Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation for printing and binding performed for Congress and for printing and 

binding publications auihorized by law to be distributed without charge to recipients. 
REVENUES 

Printing and Binding 

Sales of Publications 

Appropriations 

Reimbursements 

Total revenues 

EXPENSES 

Printing and reproduction 

Personnel compensation and benefits 

Supplies and materials 

Rents, communication and utilities 

Publications sold 

Depreciation and amortization 

Other services 

Surplus publications 

Travel and transportation 

Total expenses 

NET (LOSS) INCOME 

U.S. GOVERNM!Ptl'~~llRINTING OFFICE 

l"lli"'Hil"'"ffi.U • ..-Jf" A~~.~ ... r:"YDt=N~r:~ 

{Dollars in Thousands) 

Revolving Fund 

Printing 

and Binding 

Operations 

741 

$ 

Sales of 

Publications 

Operations 

895 

The accompanvina notes are an 

General Funds 

Congressional 

Salaries and Printing 

Expenses and Binding 

Appropriation Appropriation 

1 6 

54 

511 

of this schedule. 

Total 

Before 

Eliminations 
U'l 

0 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

SCHEDULE OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT BY FUN

As of September 30, 1993 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Revolving Fur:~d General Funds 

Congressional 

Printing Sales of Salaries and Printing Total 

and Binding Publications Expenses and Binding Before 

Operations Operations Appropriation Appropriation Eliminations 

ASSETS 

CURRENT ASSETS 

Funds with U.S. Treasury $104,000 $39,719 $14,552 $17,909 $176,180 

Accounts receivable: 

From other Federal agencies 169,571 1,143 2 - 170,716 

From the public 195 400 - - 595 

From employees 1,195 - - - 1,195 

Inventories: 

Publications for sale, net - 12,193 - - 12,193 

Paper 8,249 - - - 8,249 

Materials and supplies, net 8,779 - - - 8,779 

Prepaid expenses 234 - - - 234 

Total current assets 292,223 53,455 14,554 17,909 378,141 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 

Land and buildings 18,633 - - - 18,633 

Building improvements 48,138 - - - 48,138 

Leasehold improvements 1,619 - - - 1,619 

Plant machinery and equipment 65,703 - - - 65,703 

Office machinery and equipment 11,612 - - - 11,612 

Computer software 1,468 - - - 1,468 

Furniture and fixtures 644 - - - 644 

Vehicles 1,143 - - - 1,143 

Capital improvements in process 3,175 - - - 3,175 

Software development in process 2,966 - - - 2,966 

Less: Accumulated depreciation 

and amortization (97,900) - - - (97,900) 

Total property and equipment 57,201 - - - 57,201 

LONG-TERM ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 

Total assets $349,424 $53,455 $14,554 $17,909 $435,342 

The accompanying notes part of this schedule. 
(J'I 

..... 

U.S. GOVERNTvh::.,, 1 PRINTING OFFICE 

SCHEDULE OF ASSETS, LIABILITIES AND INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT BY FUN

As of September 30, 1993 

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY OF 

U.S. GOVERNMENT 

CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Accounts payable and accrued expenses 

Deferred revenue 

Due U.S. Treasury 

Total current liabilities 

OTHER LIABILITIES 

Accrued annual leave 

Total liabilities 

INVESTMENT OF U.S. GOVERNMENT 

Revolving Fund 

Appropriated Funds 

Total investment of U.S. Government 

Total liabilities and investment of 

U.S. Government 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Revolving Fund 

Printing 

and Binding 

Operations 

$ 80,829 

1 '119 

81,948 

12,495 

94,443 

254,981 

254,981 

$349,424 

Sales of 

Publications 

Operations 

2,944 

33,158 

544 

46,646 

46,646 

6,809 

6,809 

$53,455 

The accompanying notes are an 

General Funds 

Congressional 

Salaries and Printing 

Expenses and Binding 

Appropriation Appropriation 

$ 1,172 $ -

1,172 

1,172 

13,382 17,909 

13,382 17,909 

$14,554 7,909 

part of this schedule. 

Total 

Before 

Eliminations 

$ 94,945 

34,277 

544 

--

129,766 

12,495 

142,261 

261,790 

31,291 

293,081 

$435,342 
nuliV:-. FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES 

income 

•stments to net income: 

ueorE~Cl<lticm and amortization 

Loss on retirement of assets 

Provision for losses on accounts receivable 

Provision for losses on imu::.ntnn1 

Provision for losses on 

:h::mnAc: in assets and liabilities: 

decrease in accounts receivable 

nr!""'"'''"'" decrease in inventories 

nl"l""""'"'""l decrease in expenses ~"~""•"r"''"'"''"l in accounts oavable 

Total 

CASH FlOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES 

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES 

Increase trl<=>f'ro·<><>a1 

FUNDS WITH U.S. 

r'"UI'UJ.:J WITH u.s. 

of year 

end of year 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Revolving Fund 

Printing 

and Binding 

Operations 

$ (1 

1 

51 

1 

35 

Sales of 

Publications 

Operations 

205 

120 

663 

1,179 

{1 

947 

General Funds 

Congressional 

Salaries and Printing 

Expenses and Binding 

Appropriation Appropriation 

$ $ 

138 

(1 

(1 

The accomoanvino notes of this schedule. 

Total 

Before 

Eliminations 

35 

1. 

120 

340 
c.:n 

w 

U.S. PRINTING OFFICE 

SCHEDULE OF BUDGET AND ACTUAL EXPENSES BY FUND TYPE 

For the Year Ended September 30, 1993 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Budget 

--

Obligations 

Total 

Resources Direct Reimbursed 

PRINTING AND BINDING $741,801 $ - $775,466 

SALES OF PUBLICATIONS 89,567 -

Total Revolving Fund 831,368 -

CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING AND BINDING 89,591 89,591 -

SALARIES AND EXPENSES 29,082 29,082 

$950,041 $118,673 $859,626 

BUDGET RECONCILIATION 

Actu

Expen

$

$

Revolving Fund General Funds 

Sales of Salaries and 

Publications Expenses 

Operations 

EXPENSES 

Printing and binding $759,610 $ - $ - $ 

Sales of publications - 80,467 

Agency distributions - 5,370 

Salaries and expenses: 

Fiscal year 1993 - - 20,097 

Prior fiscal years - - 6,150 

Congressional printing and binding: 

Fiscal year 1993 - - 

Prior fiscal years - -

Total expenses 759,610 85,837 26,247 

ADD 

Capital acquisitions 7,990 - - 

Other expended budget authority: 

Decrease in accounts receivable (51 ,528) (663) - 

Increase in prepaid expense 85 - - 

Decrease in accounts payable 548 1,579 - Decrease (Increase) in deferred revenue 320 (359) 

LESS 

Depreciation and amortization 5,950 - - 

Accrued annual leave 340 - - 

Other expenses 1,843 1,504 - 

ACCRUED EXPENDITURES 708,892 84,890 26,247 

LESS: Revenue 741,801 89,567 - 

ACCRUED EXPENDITURES, direct $ (32,909) $ (4,677) $26,247 $

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this schedule. 
For the Year Ended ~.,,.,t.,,., With n::~r::~thiA Totals for the Year Ended S<>ntAmhPr 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

1992 

of year 

FUNDS PROVIDED-Annronriation~ 

Total funds available 

FUNDS APPliED 

year 

Prior years 

Funds returned to U.S. 

Total funds amJue:cl 

end of year cash 

ADJUSTMENTS 

-agency accounts receivable 

rmr::~-:::~nAnr\1 accounts oavable 

cash 

,PPROPRIATIONS. end of year accrual 

Congressional 

Printing and 

Binding Fund 

$ 

71 

The accomoanvina notes are an 

0 

Salaries and 

Expenses 

Fund 

of this schedule. 

3 

297 

2 

Tota! A

1993 

(Unaudited) 

$ 

1 

$ 31 
U1 

U1 

ASSETS 

CURRENT ASSETS 

Funds with U.S. Treasury 

Accounts receivable 

Inventories 

Prepaid expenses 

Total current assets 

PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT 

Land and buildings 

Building improvements 

Leasehold improvements 

Plant machinery and equipment 

Office machinery and equipment 

Computer software 

Furniture and fixtures 

Vehicles 

Capital improvements in process 

Software development in process 

Less: Accumulated depreciation and 

amortization 

Total property and equipment 

LONG-TERM ACCOUNTS RECEIVABLE 

Total assets 

U.S. GOVERNf\/1.:...., 1 PRINTING OFFICE 

CONDENSED BALANCE SHEETS FOR REVOLVING FUND 

As of September 30, 1993 and 1992 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Printing and Binding Sales of Publications Total Revolving Fund 

Operations Operations 1993 (Unaudited) 

1993 1992 1993 1992 Before Consoli- B

(Unaudited) (Audited) (Unaudited) (Audited) Eliminations Eliminations dated Elim

$104,000 $ 71,091 $39,719 $35,042 $143,719 $ - $143,719 $10

170,961 215,271 1,543 2,413 172,504 (14,389) 158,115 21

17,028 19,441 12,193 13,492 29,221 - 29,221 3

234 148 - - 234 - 234 

292,223 305,95"1 53,455 50,947 345,678 (14,389) 331,289 35

18,633 18,633 - - 18,633 - 18,633 1

48,138 47,259 - - 48,138 - 48,138 4

1,619 i,509 - - 1,619 - 1,619 

65,703 67,264 - - 65,703 - 65,703 6

11,612 11,479 - - 11,612 - 11,612 1

1,468 1,414 - - 1,468 - 1,468 

644 573 - - 644 - 644 

1,143 982 - - 1,143 - 1,143 

3,175 450 - - 3,175 - 3,175 

2,966 1,723 - - 2,966 - 2,966 

(97,900) (96,091) - - (97,900) - (97,900) (9

57,201 55,195 - - 57,201 - 57,201 5

- 6,613 - - - - - 

$349,424 $367,759 $53,455 $50,947 $402,879 $(14,389) $388,490 $41

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these condensed balance sheets. 
LIABILITIES AND INVESTMENT 

Of U.S. GOVERNMENT 

CURRENT LIABILITIES 

Accounts and accrued expenses 

Deferred revenue 

Due U.S. 

Total current liabilities 

OTHER LIABILITIES 

Accn l~"'d annual leave 

Due U.S. 

Total other liabilities 

Total liabilities 

INVESTMENT Of U.S. GOVERNMENT 

Total investment of U.S. Government 

Total liabilities and investment of 

U.S. Government 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

N;::)E.'.:U ~~··U:::I:::T~ r:n~ ~E:\A As 

Printing and Binding 

Operations 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Sales of Publications 

Operations 

1993 1992 1993 1992 

(Audited) (Unaudited) 

$ $ 81 

1,119 1 

Total Fund 

i 993 (Unaudited) 

Before Consoli- 

Eiiminations Eliminations dated E

$ $ $ 

34,277 

544 544 544 

81 

55 

46,646 

261 261 

261 

The accomoanvino notes are an of these condensed balance sheets. 
U'1 

-....J 

U.S. GOVERNtv'it:,\IT PRINTING OFFICE 

CONDENSED SCHEDULES OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES BY MAJOR PROGR

For the Years Ended September 30, 1993 (Unaudited) and 1992 (Audited) 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Printing Information Congressional 

and Binding Dissemination Printing Total GPO 

Operations Operations and Binding Other Operations Before Eliminations Eli

FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 199

--

REVENUES 

Printing and binding $721,926 $832,060 $ - $ - $ - $ - $2,110 $2,324 $724,036 $ 834,384 $(120,21

Sales of blank paper 17,288 18,255 - - - - - - 17,288 18,255 

Sales of waste and scrap 477 273 - - - - - - 477 273 

Sales of publications - - 84,083 79,907 - - - - 84,083 79,907 

Appropriations - - 26,247 28,990 80,044 89,580 - - 106,291 118,570 (81

Reimbursements - - 5,484 5,912 - - - - 5,484 5,912 

Total revenues 739,691 850,588 115,814 114,809 80,044 89,580 2,110 2,324 937,659 1,057,301 (121 ,03

EXPENSES 

Personnel compensation and 

benefits 195,024 197,933 42,404 41,033 - - 526 527 237,954 239,493 (2,18

Travel and transportation 2,278 2,295 1,964 1,958 - - - 2 4,242 4,255 

Rents, communications and 

utilities 10,310 11,204 20,272 20,266 - - 851 859 31,433 32,329 (28

Printing and reproduction 492,328 585,945 14,411 17,096 80,044 89,580 - - 586,783 692,621 (117,56

Other services 4,461 4,244 1,765 2,021 - - 17 42 6,243 6,307 (88

Supplies and materials 48,316 50,269 2,411 2,560 - - 42 97 50,769 52,926 (11

Depreciation and amortization 5,454 5,427 493 408 - - 3 3 5,950 5,838 - 

Publications sold - - 23,111 23,769 - - - - 23,111 23,769 - 

Surplus publications - - 5,253 4,918 - - - 5,253 4,918 - 

Total expenses 758,171 857,317 112,084 114,029 80,044 89,580 1,439 1,530 951,738 1,062,456 (121 ,03

NET (LOSS) INCOME $(18,480) $ (6,729) $ 3,730 $ 780 $ - $ - $ 671 $ 794 $ (14,079) $ (5,155) $ - 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these schedules. 
(.TI 

00 

-

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

CONDENSED SCHEDULES OF REVENUES AND EXPENSES FOR PRINTING AND BINDING 

For the Years Ended September 30, 1993 (Unaudited) and 1992 (Audited) 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Total in-House Printing Purchased Printing 

Plant Printing 

Operations Regional Printing Percent Percent Percent Percent 

of of of of 

FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 FY 1992 FY 1993 Revenues FY 1992 Revenues FY 1993 Revenues FY 1992 Revenues FY 

REVENUES 

Printing and binding $184,664 $194,063 $7,255 $8,710 $191,919 92 $202,773 92 $530,007 100 $629,287 100 $7

Sales of blank paper 17,288 18,255 - - 17,288 8 18,255 8 - - - - 

Sales of waste and scrap 477 273 - - 477 - 273 - - - - - 

Total revenues 202,429 212,591 7,255 8,710 209,684 100 221,301 100 530,007 100 629,287 100 7

EXPENSES 

Personnel compensation and 

benefits 154,347 153,170 4,896 8,820 159,243 76 161,990 74 35,781 7 35,943 6 1

Travel and transportation 550 562 59 73 609 - 635 - 1,669 - 1,660 - 

Rents, communications and 

utilities 6,538 6,352 1,263 2,363 7,801 4 8,715 4 2,509 - 2,489 - 

Printing and reproduction - - - - - - - 492,328 94 585,945 94 4

Other services 3,592 3,079 263 422 3,855 3,501 2 606 - 743 - 

Supplies and materials 45,593 47,035 1,621 2,143 47,214 23 49,178 22 1,102 - 1,091 - 

Depreciation and amortization 4,861 4,805 370 464 5,231 2 5,269 2 223 - 158 - 

Total expenses 215,481 215,003 8,472 14,285 223,953 107 229,288 104 534,218 101 628,029 100 7

NET (LOSS) INCOME $ (13,052) $ {2,412) ${1,217) $(5,575) $ (14,269) (7) $ (7,987) (4) $ (4,211) (1) $ 1,258 - $(

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these schedules. 
CONDENSED SCHEDULES 

(Dollars in Thousands) 

Publications Program Agency Distribution Services Salaries and Expenses Programs 

Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent 

of of of of of 

FY 1993 Revenues 1992 Revenues FY Revenues FY 1992 Revenues FY 1993 Revenues FY 1992 Revenues 

REVENUES 

Sales of publications $84,083 100 $79,907 100 - $ - $ - $ - 

Appropriations - - - 26,247 100 28,990 100 

Reimbursements - 5,484 100 5,912 100 - - 

Total revenues 84,083 100 79,907 100 5,484 100 5.912 100 26,247 100 28,990 100 

EXPENSES 

Personnel 

benefits 31,474 38 30,417 39 2,785 46 8,154 31 7,835 27 

Travel and 1,065 1 1,190 1 65 96 2 834 3 672 2 

Rents, communications and 

utilities 15,793 19 15,126 19 39 2,355 40 2,321 9 2,785 10 

Printing and reproduction 802 1 841 93 2 161 3 13,516 52 16,094 56 

Other services 889 1 1,057 1 79 1 55 1 796 3 909 3 

Supplies and materials 1,737 2 1,752 2 160 3 190 511 2 618 2 

Depreciation and amortization 343 0 300 0 35 1 31 1 115 0 77 0 

Publications sold 11 28 23,769 30 - - - - 

Surplus publications 5,253 6 4,918 6 - 

Total expenses 80,467 96 79,370 99 5,370 98 5,669 100 

NET (lOSS) INCOME $ 3,616 $ 537 1 $ 114 2 $ 243 4 $ - - $ 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these schedules,