LD 066 833

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EA 004 578

Simon, Kenneth A.; Grant, W. Vance

Digest of Educational Statistics, 1971 Edition.

National Center for Educational Statistics (DHEW/OE),

Washington, D.C.

Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, D.C.

DHEW-OE-72-45

72

156p.

Superintendent of Documents, U. S. Government

Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 20402 (Stock

Number 1780-1029, $1.25, paper cover)

MF-$0.65 HC-$6.58

Degrees (Titles) ; Dropout Rate; Educational

Facilities; Educational Research; *Elementary

Education; Employment Statistics; Enrollment;

Expenditures; Graduates; *Higher Education; Income;

Libraries; *National Surveys; School Districts;

School Holding Power; *Secondary Education;

*Statistical Data; Teachers

ABSTRACT

This document, the 10th in a series of annual

publications, provides an abstract of statistical information

covering American education from kindergarten through graduate

school. Subjects on which statistics are provided include the number

of schools and colleges and information on enrollments, teachers

graduates, educational attainment, finances, Federal funds for

education, libraries, international education, and research and

development. The digest is divided into five chapters: (1) all levels

of education, (2) elementary and secondary education, (3) higher

education, (4) Federal programs for education and related activities,

and (5) selected statistics related to education in the United

States. Innovations include summary data on trends in associate

degrees conferred and enrollment for advanced degrees; expanded

coverage of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees, by field of

study; and a, table on first professional degrees conferred;

statistics from the National Catholic Educational Association on

Catholic elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, and

instructional staff; census data on the percent of dropouts in the

teenage population; statistics on the percent of public secondary

schools offering and the percent of students enrolled in selected

subjects; a table on health service libraries; and data on Office of

Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment.

(A related document is ED 046 129.) (Author)
DHEW Publication No. (0E) 72-45

U S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH,

EDUCATION ti WELFARE

OFFICE OF EDUCATION

THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRO

DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM

THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG

INATING IT POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN

IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY

REPRESENT orricIAL OFFICE OF EDU

CATION POSITION OR POLICY Digest

of Educational

Statistics

1971 Edition

By KENNETH A. SIMON

Chief, Reference, Estimates, and Projections Branch

and

W. VANCE GRANT

Specialist, Educational Statistics

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE

ELLIOT L. RICHARDSON, Secretary

Office of Education

S. P. MAR LAND, JR., Commissioner of Education

oo National Center for Educational Statistics N DOROTHY M. G ILF OR D, Assistant Commissioner for Educational Statistics

II)

V*.

O

cr.

Lu
Superintendent of Documents Catalog No. HE 5.210:10024-71

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

WASHINGTON: 1972

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Fainting Office

Washington, D.C. 20402 Price $1.25 (paper cover)

Stock Number 1780-1029
Foreword

The 1971 edition of the Digest of Educational Statistics is the 10th in a series of

annual publications initiated by the Office of Education in 1982. Its primary purpose is

to provide an abstract of statistical information covering the broad field of American

ecl,..t..ation from kindergarten through the graduate school. In order to perform this

function, it utilizes materials from numerous sources, including the statistical surveys and

estimates of the Office of Education and other appropriate agencies, both governmental

and nongovernmental. The publication contains information on a variety of subjects

within the field of educational statistics, including the number of schools and colleges,

enrollments, teachers, graduates, educational attainment, finances, Federal funds for

education, libraries, international education, and research and development.

The Digest is divided into five chapters: (1) All levels of education; (2) elementary and

secondary education; (3) higher education; (4) Federal programs for education and

related activities; and (5) selected statistics related to education in the United States. To

qualify for inclusion in this publication, material must be nationwide in scope and of

current interest and value. Series of data extending as far back as 1870 have been

employed in many instances in order to give some historical perspective. The introduction

supplements the tabular materials in chapters I through V by providing a brief description

and analysis of current trends in American education.

In addition to updating many of the statistics which appeared in previous years, this

edition of the Digest contains a number of innovations. These include summary data on

trends in associate degrees conferred and enrollment for advanced degrees; expanded

coverage of bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees, by field of study, and a new table

on first-proff;5,sional degrees conferred; statistics from the National Catholic Educational

Association on Catholic elementary and secondary schools, enrollment, and instructional

staff; Lansus data on the percent of dropouts in the teenage population; statistics on the

percent of public secondary schools offering, and the percent of students enrolled in,

selected subjects; a table on health service libraries; and data on Office of Education

funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment,

In the past the Digest of Educational Statistics has proved useful to persons interested

in the nature and scope of education in the United States and in particular to those

individuals concerned with the formulation and conduct of educational policy, We trust

that the readers of the lath edition will find it even more valuable than its predecessors.

DOROTHY M. GILFORD

Assistant Commissioner for

Educational Statistics

iii

.01 3
Contents

Page

Foreword I I I Introduction

Chapter I. All Levels of Education 1 Chapter II. Elementary and Secondary Education 23

Chapter III. Higher Education 61

Chapter IV. Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities 107

Chapter V. Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States 123

Index 139

TABLES

All Levels of Education

Enrollment

1. Estimated enrollment in educational Institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, fall

1970 and fall 1971 2

2. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, fall 1969 2

3. Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and by type of school: United Stems, 1899.1900 to

fall 1969 3

4. Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by race, sex, and age: United States, October 1970 . 4

5. Percent of the population 6 to 34 years old enrolled in school, by age: United States, October 1947 to October 1970 4

6. Participants in adult education by sex, race, age, and source of instruction: United States, May 1969 5

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff

7. Number of teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and instructional staff members in institutions of

higher education: United States, 1929.30 to 1965.66

8. Estimated number of classroom teachers in elementary and secondary schools, and total instructional staff for

resident degree-credit courses in institutions of higher education: United States, fall 1970 and fall 1971

Schools and School Districts

9. Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools by level and control, by

State: Fall 1970

Retention Rates and Educational Attainment

10. Estimated retention rates, 5th grade through college entrance, in public and nonpublic schools: United States,

1924.32 to 1962.70

11. Level of school completed by persons 26 years old and over and 25 to 29 years old, by color: United States,

1910 to 1970

12. Median school years completed by persons 25 years old and over, by State: 1960

13. Percent of opulation 25 years old and over with at least 4 years of high school and with at Walt 4 years of college,

by State: 1960

14. Number of persons 26 years old and over with less than 6 years of school completed, by State and by color: 1960

16. Illiteracy of the population, by State: 1900 to 1060

16. Percent of draftees who failed to meet the mental :equirements for induction into the armed services. by State: 1970

17. Occupation of employed persons 18 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of school completed: United

States, March 1970

Income

18. Total annual money income of persons 25 years old and over, by years of school completed, sex, and age: United

States, 1969

V

6

6

7

9

9

10

10

11

13

13

14

16
Per

19. Annual Income of men, by age and years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1968 17

20. Lifetime Income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1956 to 1968 17

21. Receipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control, and source: United States, 1967.68 17

Expenditures

22. Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1970.71 and

1971.72

23. Estimated expenditures of educational Institutions, fry source of funds: United States, 1965-66 to 1971.72 . . . 24. Expenditures for education, induding capital outlay, by level of instruction and by type of control: United

States, 1967.88

25 Gross national product related to total expenditures for education: United States, 1929.30 to 1970.71

2f.. Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for education, by per capita amount and

percent of per capita income: 1968.69

Elementary and Secondary Education

18

19

21

2122

E irollment

27. Enrollment in fuli.time public elementary and secondary day schools, by level and by State: Fall 1970 and fall 1971 24

28. Enrollment by grade in fulltime public elementary end secondary day schools: United States,195940 to 1970.71 25

29. Enrollment, attemdance, and length of school term in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 198748 26

30. Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1965 27

31. Enrollment in grades 9.12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with population 14.17 years of age: United

States, 1889.90 to fall 1970 27

32. Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school statistics: United States, 1869.70 to 198748 . . 28

33. Selected statistics of local public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, fall 1969 30

34. Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children: United States, February 1963 and 1968 . . . 30

35. Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in large cities: 1969.71 31 36. Number and percent of public school pupils transported at public expense, and current expenditures for

transportation: United States, 1929.30 to 1969.70 31

37. Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1919.20 to 1969.70 32

38. Enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by church relationship and by region: 196546 . . . 32

39. Enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: 196546 33

40. Estimated enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1971 34

41. Enrollment of 3., 4., end 6year-old children in preprimary programs, by age and by type of program: United

States, October 1970 34

42. Percent of public secondary schools offering, and percent of students enrolled in, selected subjects: United States,

1969.70 34

43. Enrollment in foreign languages in public and nonpublic secondary schools: United States, fell 1964 35

44. Enrollment in science end mathematics courses in public high schools compared with total enrollment in grades

9.12 and population aged 14.17: United States, 194849 to 1962.63 35

45. Enrollment in science and mathematics courses in public high schools, by sex: United States, 196445 35

46. Enrollment in selected subjects in public schools related to total enrollment in the grades in which the subjects

are usually offered: United States, 196041 35

47. Enrollment in federally aideo vocational education classes, by lips of program and by level of instruction:

United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1966 to 1970 36

48. Enrollment in federally aided vocational classes, by type of prorem:United States andoutlying areas, 1920 to 1970 37

Teachers and Other Instructional Staff

49. Teachers of federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program: United States and outlying areas,

fiscal year 1966 to 1970 37

50. Estimated number of classroom teachers in nonpublic secondary schools, by teaching field: United States, fall 1971 37

51. Estimated number of classroom teachers in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State: Fall 1971 . . . 38

52. Number of fulltime and part time classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary day schools, by

level and by State: Fall 1970 and fall 1971 39

53. Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, by type of position and by State: 196748 . 40

64. Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex: United States, 196546 41

55. Public secondary school teachers, by teaching field and by sex: United States, 196546 41

56. Average annual salary of instructional staff in public elementary and secondary day schools, and average annual

earnings of full-time employees in all industries, in unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars: United States,

1929.30 to 1970.71 41

57. Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary schools: United States,

1955.56 to 1970.71 42

5

VI
Par

N. Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid classroom teachers in public elementary and secondary

schools: United States, 1952.53 to 1970.71

59. Average annual salary of instructional staff in full time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State

1929-30 to 197071

Schools and School Districts

60. Number of local besic administrative units (school districts), by State: Fall 1970 45

61. Number of public school systems and number of pupils enrolled, by size of system: United States, 1966-67 . . . 45

62. Number of local besic administrative units lschool districts), and number of public and nonpublic elementary and

secondary schools: United States, 11)29.30 to fall 1970

63. Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States, 1919.20 to 1965.66 46

42

43

45

Instructional Rooms and Other Facilities

64. Selected statistics on schoolhousing in luiltime public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 198970

and fall 1970 47

66. Selected characteristics of instructional rooms in public school plants, by State: 1964 .85 48

68. Facilities in elementary and secondary school plants, by organizational level and control: United States, spring 1964 49

High School Graduates and Dropouts

67. Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State: 1969.70 60

68. Number of high school grade, tes compered with population 17 years of age: United States, 1869.70 to 1969.70 51

69. Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 19 years old, by race and sex: United States, 1970 51

Income

70. Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary end secondary schools,by source and by State:

1970-71'

71. Revenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools from Federal, State, local, and other sources, by

State: 1987.68 53 72. Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal, State, and local sources: United States,

1019.20 to 1969.70 54 73. Results of public school b)nd elections: United States, 1957.58 to 1969.70 54

Expenditures

74. Estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by State: 1970.71 . . . . 66

75, Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by State: 1961 ,8 . . . 56

76. Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose: United States, 191941 to

1967-68 57

77. Personal income, 1970, related to estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by

State: 1970-71 58

78. Estimated expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary day schools, by

State: 1970.71 59

79. Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance in public elementary and secondary schools:

United States, 1929.30 to 1970-71 59

80. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education: United States and outlying areas, 1920

to 1970 59

81. Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State: Fiscal year 1970 60

52

Higher Education

Enrollment

82. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status and sex of student, control of

institution, and State: Fall 1970 62

83. Total and firsttime degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State: Fall 1970 and fall 1971 63

84, Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1969 . . 64

85. Selected statistics for the 60 institutions of higher education enrolling the largest number of students: United

States, fell 1970 66

86. Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State: Fall 1970 66

87. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by type and control of institution: United States and

outlying areas, fall 1960 and fall 1965 67

88. Enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with population aged 18.24: United States, fall 1950 to

fall 1971 67

89. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to

fall 1971 68

90. Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher education related to total population and to age

groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-70 to fall 1969 68

91. Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and control of institution: United

States, fall 1969 69

6

VII
Page

92. ircttime enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control of institution United States, fall

1946 to fall 1971 09

93. Residence and migration of college students taking work creditable toward a bachelor's or higher degree, by

State: Fall 1968 71 94. Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status, and field of study:

United States and outlying areas, fall 1970 72

95. Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United States and outlying areas, fall 1960 to fall

1970 73

96. Selected characteristics of college students 16 to 34 years of age: United States, October 1970 73

97. Selected characteristics of graduate students: United States, spring 1965 74

98. Socioeconomic background of graduate students, by sex: United States, spring 1965 74

99. Stipend status of graduate students: United States, spring 1965 76

100. Number of 2year institutions of higher education and enrollment, by control of institution and by sex: United

States, fall 1947 to fall 1969 75

101. Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level: United States and outlying areas, fall 1949

to fall 1969 76

102. Faculty, students, and degrees conferred in institutions attended predominantly by Negro students: United

States, 1963.64 76

104. Historical summary of faculty, students, degrees, and finances in institutions of higher education: United States,

1869.70 to 1968.69 77

Faculty and Other Professional Staff

104. Faculty for resident .nstruction in degree-credit courses in institutions of higher education: United States and

outlying areas, 1949.50 to 1971.72

105. Faculty and other professional staff in institutions of higher education, by sex and by control and level of

institution: United States and outlying areas, first term 1959.60 to 1967 .68

106. Faculty and other professional staff in institutions of higher education, by type of position: United States, first

term 1959-60 to 1971.72

107. Faculty and other professional staff in institutions of higher education, by State: First term 1963-64

108. Demographic and background characteristics of college faculty members, by type of institution and by sex;

United States, spring 1969

109. Professional background andeademic activity of college faculty members, by type of institution and by sex:

United States, spring 1969 82

110. Average salaries of faculty members in institutions of higher education, by type of institution, length of

contract, and academic rank: United State., 1966-67 and 196738

111. Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank, type of institution

and size of enrollment: Limited States, 1967.68 and 1969.70 84

112. Median annual salaries of instructional staff and administrative officers in 4-year colleges and universities:

United States, 1957.58 to 1969.70 85

78

78

78

79

81

84

Institutions

113. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment: United States, fall 1970 . . 114. Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and State: Fall 1970

115. Number of institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State: Fall 1970

Degrees

116. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by level of degree and by State: 1969-7C and 1970.71 89

117. Bachelor's, master's, and doctoc's degrees conferred by 'os'itutions of higher education, by sex of student and

by field of study: United States, 1969.70 90

118. Earned degrees conferred by institutions of hicirier education: United States, 1869.70 to 1970.71 93

119. Engineering degrees conferred by institutions 0 higher education, by level of degree: United State and outlying

areas, 1948.49 to 1969.70 93

120. Number of first professional degrees conferred in dentistry, medicine, and law, by sex: United States, 1949.50

to 1969.70 93

121. First-professional degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student, control of

institution, and field of study: United States, 1969.70 94

122. Male college graduates in the population, by field of highest degree: United States, March 1967 94

123. Doctor's degrees conferred by 60 large institutions of higher education: 1960-61 to 1969.70 95

124. Formal awards based on organized occupational curriculums at the technical or semiprofessional level in

institutions of higher education, by length and type of curriculum and by sex of recipient: United States and

outlying areas, 1969.70 98

125. Associate degrees conferred by institutions of higher education, by sex of student and by type of degree: United

States, 1965.66 to 1969.70 97

85

87

88

Income

126. Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control and by source: United States and outlying

areas, 1968-69 97

'7

VIII
Page

127. Currentfund revenue of Institutions of higher education from State and local governments related to total

currentfund revenue, by control of institution and by Siete: 196869 98

128. Current 'fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 198788 and 1E18849 99

129, Income of Institutions of higher education: United States and outlying areas, 1909.10 to 196889 100

130. Estimated tuition and lees, and room and bard rates, in institutions if higher education, by type and control

of institution: United States, 1982.83 to 1972.73 100

131. Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition end lees, bused, and room, by control and

level o; institution: United States and outlying areas, 1968.69 101

Expenditures

132. Current fund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by purpose: United States 11,4

outlying areas, 1968-89 101

133. Currentfund expenditures of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1987-68 and 198869 102

134. Personal income, 1968, related to educational and general expenditures for higher education and to educational

and general funds received from State and local governments, by State: 1968.09 103

135. Expenditures of institutions of higher education: United States and outlying areas, 1929.30 to 198889 104

Property

136. Physical plant value per student in institutions of higher education, by control and by level: United States and

outlying areas, 196687 anti 1967.68 104

137, Endowment funds per student in institutions of higher education, by control and by I rvel: United States and

outlying areas, 196344 and 196647 104

138. Property of institutions of higher education: United States and outlying areas, 1909.10 to 196667 105

139. Student financial aid funds disbursed by institutions of higher education, by type of program, control of

institution, type of aid, and academic level of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 196647 105

140. Selected data for land grant institutions on students and finances: United States and outlying areas, 195940

and 1989.70 106

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities

141, Federal funds for education and related activites: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967, and outlay for fiscal

years 1968 to 1972

142. Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Estimated outlay, fiscal years 1970 to 1972 . . . 143. Summery of Federal funds for research, development, and R & D plant: Fiscal years 1969, 1970, end 1971 . . 144. Fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies: Expenditures and number of

Pert' cipents, fiscal year 1970

14.5. Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1972

146. Federal grants to State and local governments for elementary and secondary schools, by agency and by State:

Fiscal year 1969

147. Fecii:1 obligations to universities and colleges, by agency end by State: Fiscal year 1969

148. Federal grants to State and local governments administered by the Office of Education, by program and by

State: Fiscal year 19/0

149. Office of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment, by program: Fiscal year 1970.

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

Employment Status and Job Opportunities

150. College enrollment and labor force status of 1970 high school graduates, by sex, color, and marital status of

women: United States, October 1970

151. Employment status of 1970 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1969.70 school dropouts, by

sex, color, and marital status of women: United States, October 1970

152. Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by year of high school

graduation, and of school dropouts, by year last attended school, by sex: United States, October 1970

153. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of study: United States,

1960-61 to 1970-71

154. Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study: United

States, 1968.69 to 1970-71

111 113

114

115

116

119

120

121

122

124'

124

125

125

126

International Education

155. United States college faculty abroad, by country and by field of interest: 1969.70 126

156. United States college students abroad, by country and by field of study: 1968.69 126

157. Enrollment of foreign students in institutions of higher education, by level and by Stew: Fall 1968 127

158. Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of origin: 1948 .49 to

1969.70 129

IX
Page

159. Students from abroad enrolled in institutions of higher aducetion in the United States, by area of origin and by

major field of interest: 1964.65 and 1969.70 129

180. Estimated total population and enrollment by level in selected countries of the world: 1967 130

161. Estimated population and enrollment by level in major areas of the world: 1967 131

Libraries

182. General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 25,000 or more population: United States and outlying

areas, fiscal year 1968 131

183. Number of health sciences Itoraries, by control and by sponsoring institution: United States and outlying areas, 1969 132

164. General statistics of national and other special libraries serving the Federal Government: United States, 1965 . . 132

185. Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of the 30 largest university libraries: 1969.70 132

186. General statistics of college and university libraries: United States and outlying areas, 1959430,196384, and 196849 133

187. Index of prices for drdcover books, by category: United States, 1967.69 and 1970 133

168. Average price and price index for books, periodicals, and serial services: United States, 1957.59 to 1970 134

Research and Development

189. Number and median annual salaries of scientists, by type of employer end by field: United States, 1970 134

170. Financial support for educational research and development, by sponsoring agency: United States, fiscal year 1968 135

171. Research and development funds related to the you national product: United States, 1953 to 1970 135

172. Sources of funds used for research and development: United States, 1953 to 1970 135

173. Sources of funds used for basic research: United States, 1953 to 1970 135

174. Funds used in the performance of basic research, applied research, and development: United States, 1970 . . . 136

Equal Educational Opportunity

175. Estimated percentages of white and Negro attendance in elementary and secondary schools, by age of main

building: United States, fell 1985 136

178. Number end percent of Negroes attending public elementary and secondary schools, by geographic area and by

level of isolation: Fall 1968 and fall 1970 136

177. Number and percent of minority students attending public elementary and secondary schools, by geographic

area and by level of isolation: Fall 1968 and fall 1970 137

178. Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st and 12th grade pupils, by racial and ethnic group: United

States, fall 1965 137

FIGURES

1. The structure of education in the United States XI V

2. Estimated retention rates, fifth grade through collar graduation: United States, 1981 to 1973 8

3. Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race: United States, 1870 to 1969 12

4. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1968 16

6. Total expenditures for education as a percentage of gross national product: Unitel States, 1929.30 to 1969.70 . 20

6. Number of public school districts: United States, 1949.50 to 1969.70 44

7. Number of public elementary and secondary school instruction rooms completed or abandoned: United States,

1958-59 to 196748 46

8. Percentage of American college students attending institutions of higher education in their home State: Fall 1968 70

9. Selected characteristics of college faculty members: United States, spring 1969 80

10. Number of institutions of higher education, for men, for women, and coeducational: United States and outlying

areas, 1960-61 to 1970.71 86

11. Percentage distribution of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education, by area of

origin: 1969.TO 128

X
Introduction

A Statistical Look at American Education: Full 1971

The school year which began in September 1971

promises to be an eventful one in which numerous

records will be broken. There will be more students,

more teachers, more high school and college gradu

ates, and more dollars expended for education in the

United States than ever before. After a quarter of a

century of steady growth, Americans have come to

expect our educational system to get bigger and, it is

hoped, better each year. No exception to this familiar

pattern is anticipated in 1971-72. What makes the

current school year particularly interesting is that

demographic trends are at work which will make

educational growth more selective than usual. We

shall explore some of these trends in the discussion

which follows.

Education is the primary occupation of approxi

mately 63.5 million Americans in the fall of 1971.

Included in this total are 60.2 million students, 3.0

million teachers, and more than 200,000 principals,

supervisors, and other instructional staff members.

Thus, in a Nation with a population of approximately

207 million, more than three out of every 10 persons

are direct participants in the educational process. It is

not surprising, therefore, that a great deal of atten

tion is being focused upon our schools and colleges

and that support for educational activities requires a

substantial portion of our resources.

Total enrollment in educational institutions in

creased in fall 1971 for the 27th consecutive year and

reached another alltime high. The following percentages of persons of school age are estimated to be

enrolled in school. 5year-olds (the usual kindergarten

age), 78 percent; 6 to 13yearolds (grades 1 to 8), 99

percent; 14 to 17yearolds (grades 9 to 12), 94

percent; and 18. to 24yearolds (college age), 32

percent. These percentages are derived from data

obtained in the annual fall surveys of the U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, and

reported in Current Population Reports, Series P20.

XI

Approximately 8.4 million students are enrolled in

degree credit programs in institutions of higher educa

tion in fall 1971. This represents an increase of about

6 percent over the 7.9 million students enrolled in the

fall of 1970. The figures for both years exclude

nearly 700,000 undergraduates enrolled in occupa

tronal or general studies programs which are not

creditable toward a bachelor's degree. The collegeage

population will continue to rise throughout the

1970's, and Office of Education projections indicate

that there will be a substantial increase in college

enrollment each year through 1980.

Enrollment in public and nonpublic schools at the

secondary level (grades 9 through 12) is estimated at

15,1 million students in fall 1971. This is a rise of

300,000, or about 2 percent, over the 14.8 million

enrolled a year ago. Enrollment in nonpublic schools

held steady at about 1.4 milli,n, while the number of

public school students rose from 13.4 million last fall

to an estimated 13.7 inplion in 1971. The number of

14 to 17yearolds in the population will continue to

increase for another 5 years, and the Office of

Education expects enrollment in grades 9 through 12

to rise each year through 1976. Moderate decreases in

secondary school enrollment are anticipated in the

late 1970's and early 1980's.

Enrollment at the elementary school level (kindergarten through grade 8) apparently declined by less

than 1 percent between fall 1970 and fall 1971. In

fall 1970, nearlt., 37 million pupils were enrolled, and

the estimate for fall 1971 is 36.7 million. Nonpublic

school enrollment is estimated at 4.2 million for both

years, while public school enrollment decreased from

more than 32.7 million to about 32.5 million pupils.

The trend in elementary school enrollment de- serves further comment. Enrollment in the early

elementary grades is closely related, of course, to the

number of births a few years earlier. Data from the

National Center for Health Statistics, U.S. Public

10
Health Service, show that the number of live births in

this country attained an alltime high of 4.3 million in

1961. They then declined each year until they

reached 3.5 million in 1968. The children born in the

mid1960's, when birth rates were relatively low, are

now entering elementary school. In the years just

ahead, there will be fewer children aged 5 to 13, and

consequently there are expected to be small annual

reductions in elementary school enrollment for the

next 5 or 6 years. That this is only a temporary

phenomenon is underscored by the fact that the

annual number of births has started to rise again.

There were 3.6 million live births in 1969 and 3.7

million in 1970. On the basis of data for the first 5

months of this year, it appears that more than 3.7

million children will be born in the United States in

1971.

About 2,360,000 persons are employed as class

room teachers in public and nonpublic elementary

and secondary schools this fall. This is an increase of

less than 1 percent over the 2,340,000 teachers

employed a year ago. All of the increase apparently

occurred at the secondary school level. In fact,

preliminary data suggest that there may have been a

small reduction in the number of public elementary

school teachers, About 2.1 million persons are

teaching in public schools in fall 1971, and an

estimated 260,000 are in nonpublic schools. Approximately 1,310,000 are teaching at the elementary

level, and 1,050,000 are secondary school teachers.

Overall, the number of public school teachers is

growing at a somewhat faster rate than the number of

pupils, The result is a continuing improvement in the

pupilteacher ratio. In fall 1971 there are approximately 22 pupils per teacher, as compared with 25.6

pupils for each teacher 10 years ago.

The average annual salary of instructional staff

members (including principals, supervisors, and

teachers) in public elementary and secondary schools

has been rising at a rate of about 7 percent a year for

the past several years, and this trend is expected to

continue in 1971.72. Salaries averaged approximately

$9,570 last year and are expected to approach

$10,240 in 1971.72. The average salary of classroom

teachers alone is somewhat smaller: The estimates for

1970.71 and 1971.72 are $9,210 and $9,850, respec

tively.

The number of instructional staff members in

colleges and universities has risen by nearly 30,000 in

the past year. Currently about 620,000 persons are

XII

teaching at the higher education level. Faculties have

expanded at a rapid rate in an attempt to keep pace

with the large numbers of young people who are

seeking a college education, Even so, the trend in

recent years has been toward larger classes and greater

utilization of graduate assistants in the classroom.

The National Education Association has reported that

the typical fulltime faculty member in a degree

granting institution earned $11,745 during the aca

demic year 1969.70. With salaries rising at a rate of

approximately 7 percent annually, the average salary

of instructional staff in colleges and universities is

expected to reach $13,400 in 1971.72.

Three million persons graduated from high school

in 1971. The class of 1972 is expected to approach

3.1 million, which will make it the largest graduating

class in history. The size of these graduating classes

reflects the high birth rate in the 1950's and also the

increasing tendency of most persons to remain in

school at least until high school graduation. Approxi

mately 78 percent of the young people currently

finish high school, and about 48 percent of them (or

more than 60 percent of the high school graduates)

can be expected to enter a degree credit program in a

college or university. If present trends continue,

about onefourth of the persons in their late teens

today can be expected to earn a bachelor's degree; 8

percent, a master's degree; and 1.5 percent, a doctor

ate.

During the school year 1970.71 the number of

earned degrees conferred by colleges and universities

is estimated as follows: Bachelor's and firstprofes

sional degrees, 865,000; master's degrees, 224,000;

and doctorates, 32,000. During 1971.72 the compar

stile figures are expected to be 903,000, 238,000, and

34,600, respectively. In each case the awards in

1971.72 will set new records for degrees in a single

year. In the past decade the number of bachelor's

degrees conferred annually has doubled, while the

number of master's and doctor's degrees awarded

each year has tripled.

Expenditures for public and private education

from kindergarten through the graduate school are

estimated at $77.6 billion for the 1970.71 school

year, and they are expected to reach $85.1 billion in

1971.72. Expenditures for public and nonpublic

elementary and secondary schools are estimated at

$54.1 billion during the current year, and institutions

of higher education are expected to spend $31.0

billion. Public elementary and secondary schools
alone will spend an estimated $48.8 billion this

year.

The total expenditures for education amounted to

8.0 percent of the gross national product (GNP) last

year. The percentage of GNP spent for education has

been in a rising trend for more than a quarter of a

century. The low point in modern times was reached

in 1943.44, in the middle of World War II, when

educational expenditures dropped to 1.8 percent of

the gross national product.

The current expenditure per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary

schools has more than doubled in the past decade,

rising from $419 in 1961.62 tc 3n estimated $9110 in

1971-72. The largest item in the school budget is

teachers' salaries, and expenditure increases in recent

years reflect the efforts of local school systems to

provide more adequate compensation for their in

structional staff members. The rise in expenditures

would be much smaller, of course, if allowance were

made for changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.

The role of the Federal Government in providing

support to education at all levels continues to grow.

Federal grants have risen from $3.4 billion in 1965 to

$10.1 billion in 1971. They are expected to reach

$11.4 billion in the fiscal year which ends June 30,

1972. Included in the 1972 total are $4.1 billion for

elementary and secondary education, $4.8 billion for

XIII

higher education, and $2.5 billion for vocationaltech

nical and continuing education.

This has been primarily a quantitat've description

of the current American educational scene. Quality in

education is more difficult to assess. We can take

some satisfaction, however, in the fact that more

people are involved in the educational process than

ever before. Young people today spend more years in

school than their parents and grandparents did. Most

of them graduate from high school, and many go on

to some form of higher education. There are fewer

pupils per teacher in public schools than in earlier

years. Teachers today tend to be better trained and

better paid than their predecessors. Our efforts to

support education (both in terms of actual dollars

and as a percentage of the gross national product) are

at an alltime high. It would appear that some

progress is being made.

Most of the statistics cited above are derived from

the tabular materials which comprise the major

portion of this Digest of Educational Statistics. The

discussion of future enrollment trends is based upon

data which will appear in Projections of Educational

Statistics to 198081, a forthcoming publication of

the National Center for Educational Statistics, Office

of Education. The figures in this introduction are

subject to minor revision when final data for the

school year 1971-72 become available.

:2

Chapter I

All Levels of Education

The purpose of this chapter is to provide a broad

overview of education in the United States from

kindergarten through the graduate school. It brings

together materials from elementary, secondary, and

higher education to present a composite picture of

the American educational system. It contains tables

which show the total number of persons enrolled in

school, the number of teachers, the number of

schools, and total receipts and expenditures for

education at all levels. Staf3tics on educational

attainment, on illiteracy and school retention rates,

and on annual and lifetime income by years of school

completed are also included.

Figure 1 provides a graphic presentation of the

structure of education in the United States. At the

right side of the chart, the three levels of education

(elementary, secondary, and higher) are indicated,

and the approximate age of persons at each level is

given on the left. As the chart indicates, pupils

ordinarily spend from 6 to 8 years in the elementary

grades, and this is followed by 4 to 6 years of high

school. The entire 12-year program is normally

completed at the age of 17 or 18 years.

High school graduates may enter a junior college, a

technical institution, a 4-year college or university, or

a professional school. A junior college normally offers

the first 2 years of a standard 4-year college program

and a broad selection of terminal-vocational courses.

Academic courses completed at a junior college are

transferable for credit to 4-year colleges and universities. A technical institute offers postsecondary

technical training not leading to bachelor's or higher

degrees.

An associate degree requires at least 2 years of

college-level work, and a bachelor's degree normally

can be earned in 4 years. At least 1 year beyond the

bachelor's is necessary for a master's degree, while a

doctor's degree usually requires 3 or 4 years beyond

the baccalaureate.

Professional schools differ widely in their re- quirements for admission and the length of their

programs. Medical students, for example, must

complete at least 3 years of premedical studies at

a college or university before they can enter the

4-year program at a medical school. Engineering

students, on the other hand, can enter an engineering school immediately upon completion of a

secondary school program.

Many of the statistics in this chapter are derived

from the annual and biennial surveys of the Office of

Education. When necessary, these survey data have

been supplemer ted by estimates prepared especially

for this volume in order to make the tables as useful

as possible. In addition, substantial contributions

have been made by statistics received from other

agencies, both governmental and nongovernmental, as

indicated in the source at the end of the appropriate

tables. The data obtained from the Bureau of the

Census surveys of educational attainment, governmental finances, and school enrollment by age, race,

and sex are worthy of special mention for the

valuable information they provide.
Table 1.-Estimated enrollment in educational institutions,

by level of instruction and by type of control:

United States, fall 1970 and fall 19/11

In thousands)

Level of nitruction and type of control Fall 1970 Fall 1971

1 2 3 Total elementary, secondary, and higher education 69,730 60,240 Public 51,940 52,410

Nonpublic 7,790 7,830

Kindergarten grade 12 (regular and other schools11 51,810 51,850

Regular public schools 45,900 45,940

Regular nonpublic schools 5,600 5,800

Other public schools 240 240 Other nonpublic schools 70 70 Kindergarten-grade 8' 38,970 36,700

Regular public schools 32,570 32,300

Regular nonpublic schools 4,200 4,200

Other public schools 170 170 Other nonpublic schools 30 30 Grades 9.12 (regular and other schools)' 14.840 15,150

Regular public schools 13,330 13,640

Regular nonpublic schools 1,400 1,400

Other public schools 70 70 Other nonpublic schools 40 40 Higher education (total degree-credit enrollment in

universities, colleges, professional schools,

teachers colleges, and Junior colleges!' 7,920 8,390 Public 5,800 8,230

Nonpublic 2,120 2,160

Undergraduate' 7,020 7,430 Graduate 900 960 The 1970 figures for regular nonpublic and other elementary and secondary schools,

aid all 1971 figures, are estimates. Surveys of nonpublic elementary and

secondary schools have been conducted at less frequent intervals than those of

public schools and of institutions of higher education. Consequently, the

estimates for nonpublic schools are less reliable than those for other types of

institutions. The estimates for 1971 are derived from the increases expected

from population changes combined with the long-range trend in school

enrollment rates of the population.

"Regular" schools include schools which are a part of State and local school

systems and also most nonprofitmaking nonpublic elementary and secondary

schools, both church-affiliated and nonsectarian. "Other" schools include

subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools

for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, and Federal schools on

military posts and other Federal installations.

'Excludes undergraduate students in occupational programs which are not

ordinarily creditable toward a bachelor's degree. There were approximately

666,000 of these non-degree-credit students in fall 1970.

Includes students working toward first-professional degrees, such as M.D.,

D.D.S., LL.B., and B.D. Approximately 169,000 students were in this category

in fall 1970.

NOTE.-Fall enrollment is usually smaller than school-year enrollment, since the

latter is a cumulative figure which includes students who enroll at any time during

the year.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schnols; Opening Fall Enrollment in

Higher Education, 1970; and estimates of the National Center for Educational

Statistics, Office of Education.

Tabla 2.-Enrollment In educational institutions,

by level of Instruction and by type of control:

United States, fall 1969

Level of instruction,

by type of school All schools Publicly

controlled

schools Privately controlled

schools

1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary,

secondery, higher) 68,766,766 50,980,528 7,785,2M

Elementary and secondary

..----.. 51,629,891 45,868,091 5,761,000

Kindergertengrade 8 37,111,390 32,784,390 4,327,000

Grades 9.12 and postgraduate 14,518,301 13,084,301 1,434,000

Higher education 7,136,076 5,111,837 2,024,238

Kindergarten 2,821.213 2,619,213 202,000

Regular' 2,801,242 2,601,242 '200,000

Subcollegiate departments of in

stitutions of higher education' 6,000 5,000 1,000

Residential schools for exceptional children' 7,000 6,000 1.000 Federal schools for Indians' 4,871 4,871 0 Federal schools on Federal installations' 2,100 2,100

Grades 1.8, inclusive 34,290,177 30,165,177 4,125,000

Regular' 34,095,626 29,996,626 '4,100,000

Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education' 41,000 33,000 8,000

Residential schools for exceptional children' 87,000 70,000 17,000 Federal schools for Indians' 33,851 33,851 0 Federal schools on Federal installations' 32,700 32,700

N. Grades 9-12 and postgraduate 14,518,301 13,084,301 1,434,000

Regular' 14,421,710 13,021,710 '1,400,000

Subcollogiate departments of Institutions of higher education' 44,000 19.000 25,000

Residential schools for exceptional children' 37,000 28,000 9,000 Federal schools for Indians' 12,191 12,191 0 Federal schools on Federal installations' 3,400 3,400

Higher education:

Resident degreecredit enroll- ment 7,136,075 6,111,837 2,024,238

Undergraduate and firstprofessional 5,991,162 4,367,531 1,633,821 Graduate 328,046 548,025 280,021 Unclassified 316,877 206,281 110,696

'Includes enrollments in local public school systems and in nonpublic schools

(churchaiffiliated and nonsectarian). Excludes subcollsolata departments of

institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools.

'Estimated.

'Includes pupils enrolled at any time during the school year 1969-70.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fell 1969 Statlaks of Public Schoolt; Opening Fall Enrollment in

Higher Education, 1969; and unpublished data. U.S. Department of the Interior,

Bureau of Indian Affairs, Statistics Concerning Indian Education, fiscal year 1970.

215
Table 3,-Enrollment in educational institutions, by level of instruction and

by type of school: United States, 1899.1900 to fall 1969

Level of Instruction, by type of school 1809.1900 1909.10 191940 1929.30 193940 1949.50 195960 Fall 1965 Fall 1969

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 All leveltlelementary, secondary.

higher) 17,199,941 19,999,146 24,061,779 29,852,377 29,751,203 31,319,271 45,227,820 59,755,769 .r,.... a 21==.-......-,===el

Elementary and secondary 16,981,249 19,843,933 73,483,898 29,551,840 28,257,000 28,660,250 42,012,076 48,779,976 51,629,691

Kindergarten-grede B 16,261,846 18,628,536 20,983,722 23,739,840 21,127,021 22,207,241 32,412,286 35,759,153 37,111,390

Grades 912 and postgraduate 699,403 1,116,398 2,500,176 4,811,800 7,129,979 6,453,009 9,599,810 13,020,823 14,518,301

Higher educrtion 237,692 366,215 697,880 1,100,737 1,494,203 2,659,021 1 3,216,544 6,626,325 7,136,076

Kindergarten 226,394 346,189 510,949 788,483 680,909 1,175,312 2,293,492 2,493,296 2,821,213

Public' 131,667 '293,970 481,268 723,443 594,847 1,034,203 1,922,712 2,261,592 2,601,242

Nonpublic' 93,737 '52,219 29,683 54,458 67,341 '133,000 ' 354,000 212,340 ' 200,000

Subcollegiate departments of insti

tutions of higher education (6) (6) (6) (6) (61 (6) 76,861 '5,524 '6,000

Residential schools for exceptional children (6) (6) 16) '5,184 5,777 ' °4,459 '4,800 '7,000 '7,000

Federal schools for Indians (6) (6) (6) 3,400 3,144 3,650 3,987 4,440 4,871 Federal schools on Federal Installations (6) (6) (6) 16) (6) (6) 2,142 '2,400 '2,100

Grades 1-8, inclusive 16,036,462 18,182,346 20,452,773 22,953,377 20,466,112 21,031,929 30,118,774 33,266,867 34,290,177

Public' 14,852,202 16,604,821 18,897,661 20,666,160 18,237,451 18,352,603 26,679,190 28,315,427 29,995,626

Nonpublic' 1,147,188 1,606,218 1,455,878 2,255,430 2,095,938 '2,574,777 '4,285,696 4,763,417 '4,100,000

Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher Klucation (6) (6) (6) (6) 59,547 35,682 '50,903 '41,247 '41,000

Residential schools for exceptional children 37,062 71,307 ''99,234 99,234 '124,163 55,954 1°48,894 '59,400 '85,000 '87,000

Federal schools for Indians (6) (6) (6) 18,644 17,222 19,973 24,522 31,766 33,851 Federal schools on Federal installations (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 161 19,063 '29,000 '32,700

Grades 9.12 and postgraduate 699,403 1,115,398 2,500,176 4,811,800 7,129,979 6,453,009 9,599,810 13,020,823 14,518,301

Public' 519,251 915,061 2,200,389 4,399,422 6,601,444 5,724,621 8,484,869 11,596,746 13,021,710

Nonpublic' 110,797 117,400 213,920 341,158 457,768 '672,362 '1,035,247 1,329,015 '1,400,000

Subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education 66,866 78,932 81,367 59,287 54,070 38,162 '43,209 '43,875 '44,000

Residential schools for exceptional children 3,500 4,005 ' '4,500 '4,388 9,727 ' *9,784 ' 23,800 ' 35,000 ' 37,000 Federal schools for Indians (6) (6) (6) 7,546 6,970 8,080 11,685 . 13,588 12,191 Federal schools on Federal installations (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 1,000 '2,600 '3,400

Higher education 237,592 355,215 597,880 1,100,737 1,494,203 2,659,021 ' 3,216,544 ' 36,626,325 7,136,076

Publicly controlled 90,689 166,560 316,382 532,647 796,531 1,354,902 '1,831,782 ''3,624,442 5,111,837

Privately controlled 146,903 188,666 282,498 568,090 697,672 1,304,119 ' 1,383,762 ' 31.901.883 2,024,238

Data for first term of the academic year.

3 Excludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of highs? education, reddonnal schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools. Data for 1911-12. Data from Bureau of the Census.

'Estimated. bate not available.

'Data for 1957-58.

' Includes estimate for nonpublic institutions. Data for 1926-27. Data for 1945.46.

1- 3

Data for 1917-18. 3 Includes resident and extension degree-credit students. Data for other years ex dude extension students. SDURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; Statistics of State School

Systems; Fall Statistics of Public Schools, Statis tics of Nonpublic Elementary and

Secondary Schools, 196566; comprehensive and fall reports on enrollment in

institutions of higher education; and unpublished data. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P20. U.S.

Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Af fain, Statistics Concerning Indian Education.

16
'fable 4.-Percent of the population 3 to 34 years old enrolled In school,' by rice, sett, end Bp: United gtates, October 1970

Sex and age Total White Negro and

othe, races

Sex and ape Total White Negro other ---,-

Total

and

races Total Negro Negro

1 2 3 4 3 I 2 3 4 5 80TH SEXES 14 and 16 years 98.7 98.3 97.9 98.0

16 and 17 years . 91.3 92.2 86.0 95.4 Total, 3 to 34 years 66.4 56.2 57.7 57,4 18 and 19 years 54.4 58.0 43.9 41.3

20 and 21 years 42.7 45.0 28.0 27.8 3 and 4 years 20.5 19.9 23.1 22.7 22 to 24 years 21.2 22.6 11.3 9.6

5 and 6 years 89.5 903 85.4 84.9 25 to 29 veers 11.0 11.2 9.7 6.1 7 to 9 years 99.3 99.3 99.4 99.3 30 to 34 years 5.3 5.4 4.4 3.6 10 to 13 years 99.2 99.1 99.4 99.3

14 and 15 years 98.1 98.2 97.6 97.8 FEMALE

16 and 17 years 90.0 90.6 86.2 85.7 18 and 19 years 47.7 48.7 41.9 40.1 Total, 3 to 34 yews 53.2 62.9 65.4 66.5

20 and 21 years 31.9 33.1 239 22.8 22 to 24 years 14.9 15.7 9.0 8.0 3 end 4 years 19.8 19.1 22.8 23.2 25 to 29 years 7.5 7.7 6.3 4.8 5 and 6 years . 90.2 90.9 88.3 85.7 30 to 34 years 4.2 4.2 3.8 3.4 7 to 9 years 99.3 99.3 99.5 99.5

10 to 13 years 99.5 99.5 99.5 99.6 MALE 14 and 15 veers 98.0 98.1 97.4 97.2

16 and 17 years 88.6 IMO 86.4 85.9 Total, 3 to 34 Years 59.7 59.6 69.2 59.6 18 and 19 years 41.8 41.8 40.1 38.9

20 and 21 years 23.6 24.1 20.7 18.9 3 and 4 years 21.2 20.7 23.3 22.3 22 to 24 years 9.4 9.7 7.1 13.7 5 and 6 Yuri 88.9 89.7 84.5 84.2 25 to 29 years 4.3 4.4 3.4 3.6

7 to 9 years 99.3 99.3 99.3 99.2 30 to 34 years 3.1 3.1 3.2 3.3 10 to 13 years 96.8 98.8 99.2 99.1

' Includes enrollment in any type of graded public, parochial, or other private

school in the regular school system. Includes nursery schools, kindergartens,

elementary schools, high schools, colleges, universities, and professional schools.

Attendance may be on either a fulltime or perttime basis and during the day or

night. Enrollments in "special" schools, such as trade schools or business

colleges, are not included.

NOTE-Data are based upon a sample survey of the civilian noninstitutIonal

population.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports, Series P20, No. 222.

Table 5.-Percent of the population 5 to 34 years old enrolled in school,

by op: United States, October 1947 to October 1970

Year Total,4 WWI 5 worst 6 Yeah 7 to 9

years 10 to 13years 14 and 15years 16 and 17

years 18 and 19years 20 to 24

years 25 to 29 ellen

30 to 34 vein

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 11 12 1947 42.3 53.4 96.2 98.4 98.6 91.6 67.6 24.3 10.2 3.0 1.0 1948 43.1 55.0 96.2 98.3 98.0 92.7 71.2 20.9 9.7 2.6 .9 1949 43.9 55.1 96.2 98.5 98.7 93.5 69.5 25.3 9.2 3.0 1.1 1960 44.2 51.8 97.0 98.9 98.8 94.7 71.3 29.4 9.0 3.0 .9

1961 45.4 53.8 96.0 99.0 99.2 94.8 75.7 26.3 8.3 2.5 .7 1962 46.8 57.8 96.8 98.7 98.9 96.2 73.4 28.7 9.5 2.6 1.2 1953 48.8 58.4 97.7 99.4 99.4 96.5 74.7 31.2 11.1 2.9 1.7 1954 60.0 57.7 96.8 99.2 99.5 95.8 78.0 32.4 11.2 4.1 1.5 1955 60.8 58.1 98.2 99.2 99.2 95.9 77.4 31.5 11.1 4.2 1.8 1956 52.3 58.9 97.0 99.4 99.2 98.9 78.4 35.4 12.8 5.1 1.9 1967 53.6 60.2 97.4 99.5 99.5 97.1 80.5 34.9 .4.0 5.5 1.8 1968 54.8 83.8 97.3 99.5 99.5 96.9 80.8 37.8 13.4 5.7 2.2

1959 55.5 82.9 97.5 99.4 99.4 97.5 82.9 36.8 12.7 5.1 2.2 1960 56.4 63.7 98.0 99.8 99.5 97.8 82.6 38.4 13.1 4.9 2.4

1981 56.8 66.3 97.4 99.4 99.3 97.8 83.6 38.0 13.7 4.4 2.0

1982 57.8 66.8 97.9 99.2 99.3 96.0 843 41.8 15.8 5.0 2.8

1983 58.5 67.8 97.4 99.4 99.3 98.4 87.1 40.9 17.3 4.9 2.5 1984 58.7 68.5 98.2 99.0 99.0 98.6 87.7 41.6 16.8 5.2 2 6

1985 59.7 70.1 98.7 99.3 99.4 98.9 87.4 48.3 19.0 6.1 3.2

1988 60.0 72.8 97.8 99.3 99.3 98.8 88.5 47.2 19.9 8.5 2.7

1987 60.2 75.0 98.4 99.4 99.1 98.2 88.e 47.8 22.0 6.6 4.0

1968 60.0 74.9 98.3 99.1 99.1 98.0 90.2 50.4 21.4 7.0 3.9

1989 60.0 78.2 98.2 99.3 99.1 98.1 89.7 50.2 23.0 79 44

1970 58.9 77.7 90.5 99.3 99.2 98.1 90.0 47.7 21.5 7.5 4.2

'Includes children enrolled in kindergarten, but excludes thou enrolled in

Murray schools.

NOTE: Data are based upon sample surveys of the civilian noninstitutional

population.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current

Population Reports, Series PIO; and unpublished data.

4 11"
Table IL-Participants In adult education, by sex, race, age, and source of

Instruction: United Stites, May 1969

Source of instruction Total Sex Race Age Men Women White Negro Other Under 35 35 and over

1 2 3 4 5 8 Total (in thousands)

Public or private school

College or university, pert.tirsm

Job training

Correspondence courses

Community organisations

Tutor or private Instructor Other

1 13,150 6,698 6,253 12,036 NI

711

8162

9 6,218

Percent' of column totals 27.7

25.2

27.5 8.0

13.4 5.8

10.3

22.6

26.9

37.1 10.7 8.3

3.9

10.2

33.3

23.3

16.9 6.0

19.1 7.9

10.4

27.1 25.5

27.e 8.3

13.6 6.9

10.3

33.8

21.9

28.7 34.6

11.4 33.3 9.4

36.8 321.8

321.8

34.5 315.8

310.5

312.8

27.2

30.4 28.3

9.3 9.4

4.6

9.5

28.2

19.5 26.6 6.6

17.8

7.1 11.1 Because of rounding, detail may not add to tote!.

'Since some adults received instruction from more than one source, percentage' total more than 100. 3RequIrn caution In Interpretation because of the limited sample.

SOURCE: U.S. Dv, ertment of Health. Education, and Welfare. Of hue of Educe,

tion, Participation in Adult Education, Initial Report, May 7969.

Table 7.-Number of teachers' in elementary and secondary schools, and Instructional

staff members' in institutions of higher education: United States, 192930 to 1966-66

Level of institution, by type of school 192930 1939-40 1949.50 1959-60 1965-66 Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 9 10 11 All levels 216,275 616,756 2911,331 799,752 367,401 11911,0112 667,706 1,173,680 MAN 1,449,669

Elementary and secondary schools 154,983 795,178 212,084 769,182 221,635 823,590 430,436 1,119.314 608,906 1,364,189

Elementary schools (including kindergartens)' 68,705 633,819 70.187 569,860 58,407 607,258 124,566 1328,885 164,778 967,035 Public 67,239 5 1,718 67,140 508,060 52,925 5:16,653 117,616 718,156 146,473 825,625

Nonpublic 1,468 60,10, 3,047 61,800 55,482 570,606 56,950 5112.709 16,303 141.410 Secondary schools (including junior, senior,juniorsenior, and regular high schoolsl3 82,689 152,405 138,384 192,023 158,536 207,741 299,239 277,921 436,231 383,034 Public 74,532 138,774 126,837 173,440 142,043 182,060 276.064 246,132 395,295 341.495 Nonpublic 4 8,157 13,631 11,547 18,583 516,493 525,691 524,185 531,789 40,936 41,539

Miscellaneous elementary and secondary schools:

Subcollegiate departments of colleges 1,564 1,251 1,968 1,753 3,031 2,785 3,973 5,739 53,200 54,100

Publicly controlled 339 248 524 389 1,447 1.651 2.222 3,935 51,800 52,800

Privately controlled 1,225 1,006 1,444 1,384 1.584 1,134 1.751 1,804 51,400 51,300

, Residential schools for exceptional children 61.578 66.571 7 1,107 '4,599 81,148 54,771 5 1,900 55,600 54 000 58,900 Federal schools for Indians 447 1,132 438 947 '513 '1.035 '758 '1,189 1699 71,500

Higher education5 61.292 23,580 86.247 30,570 145,861 44.492 227.270 54.236 5350.000 585.000 Publicly controlled 25,401 12.9134 35,702 14,311 66,462 21,245 116,836 27.705 5204,000 550,000

Privately controlled 35,891 10,676 50,545 16,259 79,399 23,247 110,434 26,531 5146,000 535,003

'Number of teaching pos;tions: includes librarians and guidance and psychological personnel when not separately reported; excludes supervisors and

principals.

'includes faculty for resident instruction in degreecredit courses: excludes

faculty engaged in edministiation, research, extension work, etc.

'Excludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education, residential schools for exceptional children, and Federal schools. Data for 1927-28. sEstimeted.

5

6Data for 1926-27.

'Distribution by sex estimated. 8 Data for 1945-48. 58ginning in 1959-60, data are for the first term of the academic year.

NOTE: Beginning in 1959-60, includes Atoka and Hemel.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Waffler*, Office of Education, "amnia, Survey of Education in the United States; Statistics of State School

Systems; Faculty and Other Professional Staff in institutions of Higher Education; and unpublished data.
Tub). ILEstimated number of classroom teachers In elementary

and secondary schools, and total Instructional staff for resident

degree-credit courses In Institutions of higher education:

United States, fall 1970 and fall 19711

(Full-time and pert-time teacher, end 'tall)

Level of instruction end type of control Fall 1970 Fell 1971

1 2 3 Toast elementary, secondary, and higher education 2130,000 2,961,000 Public 2,481,000 2,506,000

Nonpublic 469,000 475,000

Elementary and secondary classroom toucher§ in

regular and other school,' 2,340,000 2,359000 Public 2,077,000 2,096,000

Nonpublic 263,000 263,000

Elementary classroom teacher, in regular and other schools' 1,316,000 1,308,000 Public 1,144000 1.136,000

Nonpublic 172,000 172,000

Secondary classroom teachers in regular and other schools' 1,024,000 1,051,000 Public 933,000 980,000

Nonpublic 91,000 91,000

Higher education indructionol staff for resident

degree -credit courses (first terml' 590,000 617,000 Public 364,000 407,000

Nonpublic 206,000 210,000

'The 1970 figure. for nonpublic and other Women cry and secondary school, and

for institution, of higher education, and all 1971 figures, are estimate,. Data for

nonpublic elementary and secondary schools are not as complete as those for

public school,: consequently, the estimates for nonpublic school, are not as

reliable el those for public school, or for higher education. The estimates for

1971 we derived from expected enrollment increases combined with the

long-term trend in pupil-teacher ratios.

'The figures include elementary and secondary classroom teachers in regular

public end nonpublic school, and other schooll, such as Federal schools for

Indian,, federally operated schools on post,, wbcollegiate department, of

college,, and residential schools for exceptional children. For 1970. the number

of such teacher, is estimated as 12.000 in public and 2,000 in nonpublic

elementary schools. 4,000 in public and 3,000 in nonpublic secondary school,.

'Includes full-time and perttime data with rank of instructor or above, and

junior instructional ,taft, such as graduate assiltanti, for resident instruction in

degree-credit coursel.

SOURCE: Survey, and eitimatel of the National Center for Educational Statipica, Office of Education, U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare.

6
Table 9.-Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of schools by level and control, by State: Fall 1970

Slate School districts

Public school Schools with

elementary

grades only

systems Schools with

secondary

grades only' Combined

elementary

secondary

schools

Nonpublic

Elementary

schools' Secondary'

Institutions higher education' Public

of

Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 0 United States 17,995 64,539 23,972 2,310 15,340 4,606 1,0109 1,467

4labama 124 670 244 700 138 39 29 20

!slinks 29 256 so 21 11 1 2 4rizona 295 558 167 8 116 30 14 4 %rkansas 389 803 532 72 22 10 11

:alifornis 1,070 6,620 1,390 1,275 389 112 87

:olorsdo 181 785 399 3 162 68 20 8

:onnecticut 169 891 230 258 129 18 28 Delaware 26 137 58 43 15 3 4 District of Columbia 1 138 46 18 54 35 3 17

:lorida 67 1,314 434 81 304 101 34 29

leorgie 190 1,296 435 150 87 42 28 34

lawaii 1 145 47 15 67 28 1 6

daho 115 372 192 9 55 9 6 4

Ihnois ndiana 1,1 ,', 31.s 3,643

1,277

1,193 495

142 4081,052 412

195

72 44

6 8839

owa 4E4 1,283 703 359 89 15 36 Camas 3,1 1,450 681 200 43 27 26 Centuc ky 192 1,258 354 257 74 7 28

.ouisiena E6 882 309 241 317 120 12 11

/Wine 290 694 200 2 68 53 2 14 Aaryland 24 979 291 36 268 120 23 24 Aessachusetts 431 1,880 531 501 267 29 89 Aichigen 628 2,471 1,348 43 763 253 42 48 Ainnesola 617 1,458 701 485 93 25 32 Aississippi 150 663 391 89 40 24 18 Aissouri 668 1,574 767 495 115 22 47 Aontana 741 721 19B 74 13 9 3

lebraska 1,665 1,580 425 243 63 11 16

ievada 17 170 67 19 3 3 1

law Hampshire 168 374 96 87 50 4 15

law Jersey 599 2,022 431 1') 601 177 22 34

law Mexico ea 417 210 94 32 8 3

lew York 760 3,159 1,123 131 1,679 517 74 145

lorth Carolina 152 1,430 490 107 125 49 52 45

lorth Dakota 411 578 275 67 24 9 3

Ihio 631 3,239 1,018 2 703 172 22 68

Iklahoma 665 1,169 842 86 29 24 12

Iregon 350 961 326 141 40 20 19 ennsylvenia 597 3,267 1,130 I') 1,197 330 29 III

Ihode Island 40 313 66 2 122 57 3 10 outh Carolina 93 833 352 1 71 30 21 24 outh Dakota 286 1,139 216 88 29 7 10

'ennessee 147 1,329 360 126 125 59 16 40

'exas 1,187 3,258 1,980 559 137 71 52

Ptah 40 385 170 22 10 9 4

'ermont 277 354 66 3 29 26 5 12 1rginia 134 1,320 445 29 178 93 28 33

/ashington 321 1,143 49B 52 225 81 27 12

lest Virginia 55 1,027 345 55 20 11 11

fisconsin 454 1,754 627 814 114 33 30

lyoming 131 303 116 1 20 5 8

IS. Service Schools vtlying seals:

7 American Samoa 1 1a1 1.1 1a) 5 2 Canal Zone 1 20 5 1 1 Guam 1 23 8 7 8 1 Puerto Rico 1 1,570 232 208 III 70 1 4 Virgin Islands 1 I.) r I 1.1 10 6 I Data for 196566.

'Includes universities, liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges and other

independent professional schools, and junior colleges.

'Includes regular 4.year high schools, junior high schools, senior high schools, and

junior senior high schools. a Data not available.

7

'Included in column 4.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Public Schools, Fall 1970; Statistics of Nonpublic

Elementary and Secondary Schools, 196566; and Opening Fall Enrollment in

Higher Educations 1970.
School Retention Rates

A new computation of school retention rates by the

Office of Education shows that young people are staying

in school longer than ever before. As the accompanying

chart indicates, about 96 percent of the fifthgraders in

the fall of 1961 reached the ninth grade, 86 percent got

as far as the 11th grade, and 76 percent received a high

school diploma in 1969. The proportion of young

people who graduate from high school has risen during

the oast decade from less than two-thirds to more than

threefourths.

The increase in college attendance in recent years is

even more striking. In 1969 about 45 percent of our

young adults (or close to 60 percent of the recent high

school graduates) entered a degreecredit program in a

college or university. A decade ago only about one-third

of the appropriate age group entered college. Approximately 22 percent of the persons in their late teens

in 1969 can be expected to graduate from college with a

4year degree. Ten years ago only about one young

person in six went on to earn a bachelor's degree.

The Office of Education bases its school retention

rates on fifthgrade enrollment because the high rate of

retardation in the early elementary grades tends to

inflate the enrollment figures for these grades.

Fifthgrade enrollment is regarded as a better measure of

the number of persons entering the first grade for the

first time 4 years earlier than is total first-grade enrollment for that year. Compulsory attendance laws keep

virtually all children in school at least until tha fifth

grade. Retention rates are based or, enrollments in public

elementary and secondary schools and are adjusted to

include estimates for nonpublic schools. The computations include all college students, full -timi and parttime, who are enrolled in degree-credit programs.

For trends in school retention rates over the past 40

years, the reader may wish to consult table 10 of this

report.

8

FOR EVERY 10 PUPILS IN THE 5th GRADE IN FALL 1961

**** *Mt**

9.6 ENTERED THE 9th GRADE IN FALL 1965 Mt Mil

8.6 ENTERED THE 11th GRADE IN FALL 1967

7.6 GRADUATED FROM HIGH SCHOOL IN 1969

4.5 ENTERED COLLEGE IN FALL 1969

444

fti

2.2 ARE LIKELY TO EARN 4YEAR DEGREES IN 1973

111

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, Digest of Educational Statistics.

Figure 2.Estimated retention rates, fifth grade

through college graduation: United States,

1961 to 1973

21
Table 10,- Estimated retention rates,' 5th grade through college entrance,

In public and nonpublic schools: United States, 1924.32 to 1962.70

School year pupils

Wined 5th prude

Retention per 1,000 pupils who entered 5th grade High

school graduates Year of high

school graduation _

First time

college

students 5thgrade 6th

grade 7th pride

8th

prod* 9th

grade 10thguide 11thcredo

12th pride

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 192425 1,000 911 798 741 612 470 384 344 302 1932 118 1926-27 1,000 919 824 754 677 552 453 400 333 1934 129 1928-29 1,000 939 847 806 736 624 498 432 378 1936 137

1930.31 1,000 943 872 824 770 652 529 483 417 1938 148 1932.33 1,000 935 889 831 786 664 570 510 455 1940 160 193435 1,000 953 892 842 803 711 610 512 467 1042 129 1936.37 1,000 954 895 849 839 704 554 425 393 1944 121 1938-39 1,000 955 908 853 796 655 532 444 419 1946 13) 1940.41 1,000 968 910 836 781 697 568 507 481 1948 13) 1942.43 1,000 954 909 847 807 713 604 539 506 1950 205

1944-45 1,000 952 929 858 848 748 650 549 522 1952 234 194647 . 1,000 954 945 919 872 775 841 583 553 1954 283

1948-49 1,000 984 956 929 863 795 706 619 581 1956 301 1950.51 1,000 981 968 921 886 809 709 632 582 1958 306

1952.53 1,000 974 965 936 904 835 746 687 621 1960 328

1954.55 1,000 980 979 948 915 855 759 684 542 1962 343

1956-57 1,000 985 984 948 930 871 790 728 679 1964 362 Fall 1958 1,000 983 979 961 946 908 842 761 732 1966 384 Fall 1960 1,000 980 973 967 962 913 858 787 749 1968 452 Fall 1962 1,000 990 983 976 963 931 863 793 '752 1970 '465

1Rates for the 5th grid* through high school graduation are based on enrollments

in successive grades in successive years in public elementary and secondary

schools and are adjusted to include estimates for nonpublic schools. Rates for

first-time college enrollment include full-time and part-time students enrolled in

programs creditable toward a bachelor's degree. 2Data not available. aSubject to revision when final data become available.

NOTE: Beginning with the class in the 5th grade in 1958, data are based on fall

enrollment and exclude ungraded pupils. The net affect of these changes is to

increase high school graduation and college entrance rates slightly.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on "Statistical

Summary of Education"; and unpublished data available in the Office of Education. Table 11.-Level of school completed by persons 25 years old and over and 25 to 29 years old.,

by color: United States, 1910 to 1970

Color, age, and date

Percent, by level of

school completed Median

school years corn- pleted

Color, age, and date

Percent, by level of

school completed Median

school years corn- plated

Less than 5 years of elementary school

4 years

of high

school or more

4 or more

years of

college

Lass than 5 yearn of

'demontory school

4 years

of high

school or more

4 or more

years of

college

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 WHITE AND NONWHITE

25 years old and over: 25 to 29 years old: 19101 23.8 13.5 2.7 8.1 1920 12.9 22.0 4.5 8.5

19201 22.0 16.4 3.3 8.2 April 1940 3.4 41.1 6.4 10.7

19301 17.5 19.1 3.9 8.4 April 1950 3.2 55.2 8.1 12.2 April 1940 13.5 24.1 4.6 8.6 April 1960 2.2 63.7 11.8 12.3 April 1.950 10.8 33.4 6.0 9.3 March 1964 1.6 72.1 13.6 12.5 April 1960 8.3 41.1 7.7 10.5 March 1966 1.4 73.8 14.7 12.5 March 1964 7.1 48.0 9.1 11.7 March 1970 .9 77.8 17.3 12.6 March 1966 6.5 49.9 9.8 12.0 March 1970 5.3 55.2 11.0 12.2 NONWHITE

25 to 29 years ok.;

April 1940 5.9 37.8 5.8 10.4 25 years old and over:

April 1950 4.6 51.7 7.7 12.1 April 1940 41.8 7.7 1.3 5.7 April 1960 2.8 60.7 11.1 12.3 April 1950 31.4 13.4 2.2 6.9 March 1964 2.1 69.2 12.8 12.4 April 1960 23.5 21.7 3.5 8.2 March 1966 1.6 71.0 14.0 12.5 March 1964 18.6 27.5 4.7 8.9 March 1970 1.1 75.4 16.4 12.6 March 1966 18.0 29.5 4.7 9.2 March 1970 14.7 36.1 6.1 10.1 WHITE 25 to 2? years old: 1920 44.6 6.3 1.2 5.4

25 years old and over: April 1940 26.7 12.1 1.6 7.1 April 1940 10.9 26.1 4.9 8.7 April 1950 15.4 23.4 2.8 8.7 April 1950 8.7 35.5 6.4 9.7 April 1960 7.2 38.6 5.4 10.8 April 1960 6.7 43.2 8.1 10.8 March 1964 5.3 48.0 7.0 11.8 March 1964 5.8 50.3 9.6 12.0 March 1966 3.3 50.4 8.3 12.0 March 1966 5.2 52.2 10.4 121 March 1970 2.2 584 10.0 12.2 March 1970 4.2 574 11.6 12.2.

lEstimetes based on retrojection of 1940 census data on education by age.

NOTE: Prior to 1950, dew exclude Alaska and Hawaii.

9

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1960 Census of

Population, Vol. 1, Part 1; Current Population Reports, Series P20, Nos. 138,

158, and 207; Series P-19, No.4; and 1969 Census Monograph, "Education of the

American Population," by John K. Folger and Charles B. Nam.
Table 12.-Median school years completed by persons

25 years old and over, by State: 1960

State Median school years cumuli tad Total White Non. Both white

tied Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 United Stites 10.6 10.3 10.9 10.9 6.2 Alabama 9.1 8.9 9.3 10.2 6.5 Alaska 12.1 12.1 12.2 12.4 6.6 Arizona 11.3 11.0 11.6 11.7 7.0 Arkansas 8.9 8.7 9.1 9.5 6.5 California 12.1 12.0 12.1 12.1 10.5 Colorado 12.1 11.9 12.1 12.1 11.2 Connecticut 11.0 10.8 11.3 11.1 9.1 Delaware 11.1 10.8 11.3 11.6 8.4 District of Columbia 11.7 11.3 11.9 12.4 9.8 Florida 10.9 10.6 11.1 11.6 7.0 Georgia 9.0 8.8 9.3 10.3 6.1 Hawaii 11.3 11.0 11.6 12.4 9.9

Idaho 11.8 11.2 12.1 11.8 9.6

Illinois 10.5 10.4 10.6 10.7 9.0

Indiana 10.8 10.5 11.0 10.9 9.0

low 11.3 10.4 12.0 11.3 9.5 Kansas 11.7 11.2 12.0 11.8 9.6 Kentucky 8.7 8.5 8.8 8.7 8.2 Louisiana 8.8 8.6 9.0 10.5 6.0 Maine 11.0 10.5 11.5 11.0 10.7 Maryland 10.4 10.2 10.6 11.0 8.1 Massachusetts 11.6 11.3 11.8 11.6 10.3 Michigan 10.8 10.4 11.1 11.0 9.1 Minnesota 10.8 9.9 11.6 10.8 9.1 Mississippi 8.9 8.6 9.3 11.0 6.0 Missouri 9.6 9.3 9.9 9.8 8.7 Montana 11.6 10.7 12.1 11.7 8.7 Nebraska 11.6 10.9 12.0 11.7 9.6 Nevada 12.1 12.0 12.2 12.2 8.9 New Hampshire 10.9 10.5 11.3 10.9 11.7 New Jersey 10.6 10.6 10.7 10.8 8.8 New Mexico 11.2 11.0 11.5 11.5 7.1 New Yolk 10.7 10.6 10.7 10.8 9.4 Noah Carolina 8.9 8.5 9.5 9.8 7.0 North Dakota 9.3 8.9 10.8 9.3 8.4 Ohio 10.9 10.6 11.1 11.0 9.1 Oklahoma 10.4 10.1 10.7 10.7 8.6 Oregon 11.8 11.2 12.1 12.8 9.9 Pennsylvania 10.2 10.0 10.4 10.3 8.9 Rhode Island 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 9.5 South Carolina 8.7 8.4 9.1 10.3 5.9 South Dakota 10.4 9.0 11.6 10.5 8.8

Tennessee 8.8 8.6 9.0 9.0 7.5 Taxes 10.4 10.1 10.7 10.8 8.1 Utah 12.2 12.2 12.2 12.2 10.1 Vermont 10.9 10.0 11.6 10.9 10.5 Virginia 9.9 9.2 10.5 10.8 7.2 Washington 12.1 11.8 12.1 12.1 10.5 West Virginia 8.8 8.7 8.9 8.8 8.4 Wisconsin 10.4 9.8 10.9 10.4 9.0 Wyoming 12.1 11.6 12.2 12.1 9.3

Table 13.-Percent of population 25 years old and

over with at least 4 years of high school and with

at least 4 years of college, by State: 1960 State 4 yeast of

high school Or more 4 years of

college Or mare

1 2 3 United States 41.1 7.7 Alabama 30.4 5.7 Alaska 54.7 9.5 Arizona 45.7 9.1 Arkansas 28.9 4.8 California 51.5 9.8 Colorado 52.0 10.7 Connecticut 43.9 9.5 Delaware 43.4 10.1 District of Columbia 47.8 14 3 Florida 42.6 7.8 Georgia 31.9 6.2 Hawaii 46.1 9.0

Idaho 48.6 7.2

Illinois 40.4 7.3

Indiana 41.8 6.3

Iowa 46.3 6.4 Kansas 48.2 8.2 Kentucky 27.6 4.9

Louisiana 32.3 6.7 Maine 43.3 5.5 Maryland 40.0 9.3 Massachusetts 47.0 8.8 Michigan 40.9 6.8 Minnesota 43.9 7.5 Mississippi 29.8 5.6 Missouri 36.6 6.2 Montana 47.8 7.5 Nebraska 47.7 6.8 Nevada 53.3 8.3 New Hampshire 42.9 7.1 New Jersey 40.7 8.4 New Mexico 45.4 9.8 New York 40.8 8.9 North Carolina 32.3 6.3 North Dakota 38.9 5.6 Ohio 42.0 7.0 Oklahoma 40.5 7.9 Oregon 48.4 8.5 Pennsylvania 38.1 6.4 Rhode Island 35.0 6.6 South Carolina 30.4 6.9 South Dakota 42.1 5.7

Tennessee 30.4 5.5 Texas 39.6 8.0 Utah 55.8 0.2 Vermont 42.8 7.3 Virginia 37.9 8.4 Washington 51.5 9.3 West Virginia 30.5 5.2 Wisconsin 41.6 8.7 Wyoming 52.1 8.7 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, U.S. Census of Population: 1960, PC1111C. Population: 1960. PC111C Series.

10
Table 14. -Numb., of persons 25 years old and over with lass than b yawl of

school complotad, by State and by color: 1910

/Numbers in thousands)

Resident popuialinn 25 yaws old and over' State Whits and nonwhita Whit. Total Parsons with led

than 5 yews of

school completed Total Parsons with loss

than 5 years of

school completed Number Percent Number Percent

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 United States 04,436 6,3021 1,3 88.663 5,868.7 8.7 Alabama 1,670 273.0 18.3 1,232 115.4 9.4 Alaska 106 8.6 8.2 86 1.1 1.3 Arizona 661 66.3 10.0 609 44.7 7.7 Arkansas ....... ...... 964 148.2 15.4 786 83.6 10.8 California 8,869 506.0 5.7 8,221 427.3 6.2 Colorado 941 44.1 4.7 914 41.9 4.6 Connecticut 1,482 93.4 8.3 1,427 87.1 6.1 Downers, 246 16.3 8.8 215 9.8 4.6 District of Columbia 461 33.2 7.2 239 8.3 3,5 Florida 2,845 261.4 9.2 2,427 128.8 5.3 Georgia 2,01S 365.3 17.6 1,511 155.2 10.3 Hawaii 309 48.4 15.0 96 6.0 5.2

Idaho 340 11.2 3.3 336 10.5 3.1

Illinois 5,806 365.4 6.3 5,267 290.7 5.5

Indiana 2,550 123.8 4.9 2,413 105.6 4.4

Iowa 1,541 48.2 3.0 1,527 44.5 2.9 Kansas 1,216 44.7 3.7 1,166 38.8 3.3 Kentucky 1,610 222.6 13.8 1,404 195.0 13.1 LouiSiline 1,639 348.8 21.3 1,175 169.0 13.5 Maine 534 25.0 4.7 532 24.8 4.7 Maryland 1,893 129.8 7.7 1,436 79.2 5.5 Massachusetts 3,011 180.1 6.0 2,946 173.8 5,9

Michigan 4,217 241.3 6.8 3,845 195.6 5.1 Minnesota 1,845 74.3 4.0 1,825 72.6 4.0 Mississippi 1,065 200.7 18.8 682 48.7 7.1 Missouri 2,493 176.8 7.1 2,289 110.8 6.2 Montana 356 14.8 1.1 347 13.3 3.8 Nebraska 791 28.6 3.8 773 26.8 3,5 Nevada 160 6.2 3.9 150 4.4 22

New Hampshins 345 15.1 4.4 344 16.0 4.4 New Jamey 3,600 250.8 7.0 3,327 210.7 6.3 New Mexico 446 51.0 12.2 417 42.9 10.3 New York 10,124 785.0 7.8 9,300 687.4 7.4 North Carolina 2,307 380.1 18.5 1,811 221.6 12.2 North Dakota 324 19.4 6.0 319 18.7 6.9 Ohio 6,378 292.4 5.1 4,969 233.1 4.7 Oklahoma 1,300 111.6 8.6 1,196 90.8 7.6 Oregon 996 33.0 3.3 978 30.7 3.1 Pennsylvania 6,606 453.2 6.9 6,148 386.8 6.3 Rhoda Island 498 37.0 7.4 489 36.0 7.4 South Caroline 1,136 230.8 20.3 802 93.1 11.6 South Dakota 360 14.7 4.1 349 13.6 3.9

Tennessee 1,912 282.1 14.8 1,626 202.6 12.6 Texas 5,031 672.2 13.4 4,443 533.5 12.0 Utah 419 11.7 2.8 412 10.3 2.5 Vermont 213 8.1 3.8 212 8.0 3.8 Virginia 2,083 2715 13.1 1,667 166.9 9.3 Washington 1,677 53.8 3.4 1,528 46.1 3.1 West Virginia 1,000 109.8 11.0 954 99.0 10.4 Wisconsin 2,175 115.0 6.3 2,135 110.1 6.2 Wyoming 174 6.3 3.6 171 6.0 3.5

l Includes institutional population but excludes Armed Forces oversees.

1Fewer than 600 parsons. PorcentaiP not cOmputad.

NOTE: Because of rounding, ritual' may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Commerce. Bursa, of the Census, U.S Otissus of

Population: 1960, PC111C Sense.

11

Nonwhite Total Pwsons with less

than 5 Years of school completed Number Percent

11 9,867

438

19 62

178 848

27 55

31 222 418

604

213

4 611

137

14 60

116 461

2 257

65

372

20

383

9

10 273

20 824

496

6 100

104

18 458

9

10 3413.8 13.11 157.8 36.0

7.5 396

19.6 37.7 64.6 38.3 779 12.0

2.2 8.1 6.4 11.6 6.5 21.0 241 11.2 132.6 31.7

200.1 39.7 41.4 194

.7 17,5 74.6 13.8

18.2 13,3

1.7 12.1 5.8 11.6 27.6 23A

180.8 40,9

.2 10.0 60.6 19.7 8.3 9.7 46.7 13.1

1.7 8.5

151.9 39.7

35.1 17.2

1.4 15.6

1.8 10.0

1.8 18.0

10.0

10.1 14.7

11.1 30.6

97.6 11.8

158.5 32.0

.7 14.0 59.2 14.5 20.8 20.0 2.3 12.6

66.4 14.5

1.0 11.1 137.7 41.2

1.1 10.0

79.5 27.8

131.8 23.6

1.5 21.4

131 118.6 29.4 5.9 11.8 SOS 23.5

4.9 12.2

.3 10.0
Illiteracy in

the United States

the illiteracy rate in the United States

was cut in half during the 1960's, ac,

corffing to a recent sample survey con

ducted by the Bureau of the Census,

The new data indicate that in November

1969 only 1.0 percent of the, population

14 years of aRe and over were unable

to read and write a simple message in

English or in some other language. A

similar survey conducted in March 1959

found that 2.2 percent of the persons in

the same age group were illiterate.

The Bureau of the Census has col

lected statistics on illiteracy since 1840.

but the figures for 1840, 1850, a id

1860 are not regarded as comparahle

with those for subsequent years. Rea

sonahle comparability has been main

tamed since the Census of 1870. The

data show that 100 years ago illiterates

constituted 20 percent of the popula

Lion. In other words, the proportion of

illiterates was 20 times as great in 1870

as it is today (see the accompanying

chart). Each generation tends to Spend

more years in school than he genera.

Lion that preceded it, and illiteracy de

clines as the older people in the population are replaced by younger ones.

Traditionally, the illiteracy rate has

been higher for men than for women,

but in 1969 the difference was negligi

ble: 1.1 percent of the men and 1.0 per.

cent of the women were classified as

illiterate. This may be attributed in part

to the fact that women him longer than

men, and illiterates are more likely to be

found in the older age groups.

The Census surveys have consistently

found that the inability to read and write

S more prevalent among Negroes than

Figure 3. --Percent of illiteracy in the population, by race:

United States, 1870 to 1969

Percent 80

7060

50 Negro and other races' 40

30

20 Total \

10 White 0 1 1 I 1 I .71°1a.7.111°. 1870 1900 1930 1959 1969

' Data for 1969 are for Negroes only.

NOTE.Data for 1810 to 1930 are for tti population 10 years old and over; data

for 1959 and 1969 are for the population 14 years old and over.

SOURCE: U.S, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, "Current Population

Reports," Series P.20, No. 217.

among the white population. In 1870,

for example, 79.9 percent of the non

white population were illiterate as com

pared with 11.5 percent of the white. In

1900 the comparahle percentages were

44.5 and 6.2, respectively. In recent

years. however, dramatic strides have

been made toward the eradication of

illiteracy among all Americans. The illiteracy rates in 1969 were 0.7 percent for

whites and 3.6 percent for Negroes.

For additional information the reader

may wish to consult the Bureau of the

Census publication, Illiteracy in the

United States: November 1969 (Current

Population Reports, Series P-20. No.

217). The report may be obtained for 15

cents from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office,

Washington, D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT,

specialist in educational statistics
Table 15.-Illiteracy of the population,

by State: 1900 to 1960

State Number

Illiterate

19601 Percent illiterate19501 1930 1900

1 2 3 4 5 Unite 7 Mrs 3,055.000 2.4 4.8 11.3 Alabama 93,000 4.2 14.0 35.1 Alaska 6,000 3.0 20.5 4u 6 Arizona 33,000 3.8 11.0 30.0 Arkansas 45,000 3.4 7.6 21.3 California 203,000 1.8 2.8 5.3 Colorado 15,100 1.3 '..1 4.5 Connecticut 41,600 2.2 .. 1 d.5 Delaware 6,000 1.9 4.4 13.2 District of Columbl 11,000 1.9 1.7 9.4 Florida 92,000 2.6 7.7 23.4 Georgia 120,000 4.5 10.4 32.1 Hawaii 21,000 6.0 17.5 35.2

Idaho 4,000 .8 1.2 5.1

Illinois 128,000 1.8 2.7 4.8

Indiana 40,000 1.2 1.8 5.2

Iowa 14,000 .7 .9 2.7 Kansas 14,000 .9 1.4 3.3 Kentucky 70.000 3.3 7.3 18.1 Louisiana 137,000 6.3 15.1 39.6 Moine 9,000 1.3 3.0 6.5 Maryland 41,000 1.9 4.2 12.1 Massachusetts 83.000 2.2 4.0 6.5

vi r'..,,,,n 84,000 1.6 2.2 4.8

Iv. ,nesota 23,000 1.0 1.4 4.6 Miss.ssippi 71,000 4.9 14.8 34.1 Missouri 52,000 1.7 2.5 7.0 Montana 5,000 1.0 1.9 6.6 Nebraska 9,000 .9 1.3 2.6 Nevada 2,000 1.1 4.8 13.8 New Hampshire 6,000 1.4 3.0 6.7 New Jersey 99,000 2.2 4.3 6.5 New Mexico 24,000 4.0 14.9 35.7 New York 355.000 2.9 4.1 6.1 North Carolina 125,000 4.0 11.5 30.1 North Dakota 6,000 1.4 1.7 6.1 Ohio . 99.000 1.5 2.5 4.5 Dkl mina 32.000 1.9 3.1 11.7 Dragon 10,000 .d 1.1 3.7

,ennsylvania 166.000 2.0 3.5 6.9 Rhode Island 15,000 2.4 5.5 9.2 South Carolina 87,000 5.5 16.7 37.4 South Dakota 4,000 .9 1.4 5.8

Tennessee 88,000 3.5 8.0 21.9

Texas 272,000 4.1 7.3 15.6

Jtah 5,000 .9 1.4 3.6 Vermont 3,000 1.1 2.4 6.4 Virginia 94,000 2.4 9.7 24.3 Nashington 18.000 .9 1.1 3.4 West Virginia 35.000 2.7 5.5 12.6 Wisconsin 35,000 1.2 2.1 5.4 Wyoming 2,000 .9 1.8 4.4

'Estimated. NOTE: Data refer to the population 15 years old and over in 1900 and 1930,

and to the population 14 years old and over in 1960.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Populate 3it Reports. Series P-23, No. 8.

13

Table 16.-Percent of draftees who felled to meat the mental

requirements for Induction Into the armed services,

by State: 1970

State Total

Failed mental rem Osmanli only Mentally

Total Failed

i rental'

tits

Train

ability

limited

end made. cally disqualified

1 2 3 1 4 6 6 Unit od States 7.1 5.7 4.8 0.9 1.4 Alabama 16.0 11.0 8.8 2.2 6.0 Alaska 6.6 2,4 2.3 0.1 3.1 Arizona 4.6 3.4 2.8 0.6 1.2 Ar kansas 10.4 8.1 7.2 0.9 2.3 California 4.8 4.2 3.5 0.7 0.6 Colorado 2.7 2.1 1.6 0.6 0.6 Connecticut 6.0 4.5 4.6 0.0 0.6 Delaware 6.6 5.5 4.6 1.0 1,1 District of Columbia 10.6 8.5 5.2 3.3 2.0 Florida 8.0 6.7 6.9 0.8 1.3 Georgia 16.4 14.3 13.7 0.6 2.1 Hawaii 7.2 5.8 5.4 0.4 1,4

Idaho 1.7 1.3 1.3 0.0 0.4

flies o is 7.1 6.0 4.9 1.1 1.1

Indiana 4,7 3.8 3.0 0.8 0.9

Iowa 1.1 0.8 0.7 0.1 0.3 Kansas 2.1 1,3 1.0 0.3 0.8 Kentucky 8.1 5.3 4.6 0.7 2.8 Louisiana 13.5 11.8 9.7 2.1 1.7 Maine 2.8 1.5 1.0 0.5 1.3 Maryland 6.1 4.8 3.1 1.7 1.3 Massachusetts 5.0 3.7 3.3 0.4 1,3

Michigan 4.6 4.2 3.1 1.1 0.4 Minnesota 0.7 0.4 0.4 0.0 0.3 Mississippi 21.9 19.2 17.1 2.1 2.7 Missouri 4.5 3.0 2.6 0.4 1.5 Montana 1.4 1.2 1.2 0.2 Nebraska 1.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.2 Nevada 4.2 3.0 2.6 0.4 1.2 New Hampshire 0.8 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.4 New Jersey 8.9 8.3 7.6 0.7 0.6 New Mexico 9.1 6.7 6.7 0.0 2.4 New York 8.3 6.6 5.6 1.0 1.7 North Carolina 16.6 12.7 10.9 1.8 3.8 North Dakota 1.8 1.1 1.0 0.1 0.7 Ohio 3.4 2.6 2.0 0.6 0.8 Oklahoma 3.6 2,7 2.2 0.L 0.9 Oregon 1.5 1.2 1.2 0.3 Pennsylvania 4.4 3.1 2.7 0.4 1.3 Rhode Island 4.2 3.3 2.9 0.4 0.9 South Carolina 24.6 22.3 17.9 4.4 2,3 South Dakota 1.9 1.5 1.4 0.1 0.4

Tennessee 8.3 6.0 4.8 1.2 2.3 Texas 7.6 5.3 4,2 1.1 2.3 Utah 2.6 1.5 1.5 0.0 1.1 Vermont 1.2 0.8 0.5 0.3 0.4 Virginia 11.1 9.1 8.1 1.0 2.0 Washington 0.9 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.4 West Virginia 8.4 5.9 5.0 0.9 2.5 Wisconsin 2.2 1.8 1.4 0.4 0.4 Wyoming 1.9 1.5 1.2 0.3 0.4 Outlying areas:

Puerto Rico (includes

Virgin Islandsl 69.2 51.7 47.3 4.4 7,5 Guam and Mariana

Islands 33.8 21.9 17.8 4.1 11.9 SOURCE: U.S. Department of the Army, Office of the Surgeon General, Summary

of Registrar t Examinations for Induction.

9 6
Table 17.Occupation o' employed persons 18 years old and over, by sex, color, and years of school completed: United States, March 1970

Sex, color, and occupation Total employed

lin thousands)

I Percentage

II- Elementary

1 Less than Total 8 years'

distribution

8

years

by years

High school 1 to 3

years

of school

4

years

completed

College 1 to 3

years 4 yea-- yens or more

Median

school years completed

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 MEN White All occupation groups 42,434 100.0 8.0 10,2 16.4 36.0 14,0 15.4 12.4 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 6,446 100.0 .5 .8 2.2 17.0 18.5 61.0 16.5 Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm . . . 6,716 100.0 3.2 5.8 11.3 37.0 20.6 22.1 12.8 Clerical and kindred workers J,119 100.0 2.0 5.9 13.7 46.7 23.0 8.7 12.6 Sales workers 2,531 100.0 2,6 3.9 12.0 37.2 26.2 18.2 12.8 Craftsmen. foramen, and kindred workers 8.9 10 100.0 8.5 13.4 23.2 44.2 8.8 1.8 12.1 Operatives and kindred workers 8,012 100.0 13.4 14.7 24.8 39.1 6.9 1.1 111 Service workers, including private household 2,370 100.0 12.7 14.5 19.6 37.3 13.8 2.1 12.1 Farmers, farm managers, laborers, and foreman . 2.132 100.0 23.6 24.3 14.9 27.9 6.9 2.4 9.4 Laborers, except farm and mine 2,176 100.0 18 4 16.3 22.9 32.8 8.8 .7 11.0 Negro rnd other races

All occupation groups 4,629 100.0 23.1 9.8 23.9 28.1 8.0 7.0 11.1 Professional, technical, and kindred workers -

336 100.0 1.5 .9 4.2 14.3 16.4 62.8 16.6 Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm . . . 251 100.0 1.3.5 10.8 12.4 33.9 12.4 17.1 12.4 Clerical and sales workers 486 100.0 3.9 3.3 16.9 45.2 24.3 6.4 12.6 Craftsmen. Toren en, and kindred woi:rers 666 100.0 23.3 13.7 26.2 28.0 7.4 1.5 10.5 Operatives and kindred workers 1,35E 100.0 23.3 10.6 29.7 31.4 4.4 .7 10.6 Service workers, including private household 517 100.0 22.3 13.0 29.1 26.6 6.4 2.7 10.5 Farmers, farm managers, laborers, and foremen . . . 212 100.0 60.8 6.6 19.3 8.5 3.8 .9 6.6

Laborers, except farm and mine 805 100.0 36.9 11.2 26.1 22.8 2.4 .6 9.2 WOMEN White All occupation groups 25,040 100.0 4.7 7.5 15.4 47.3 13.7 11.4 12.5 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 4,017 100.0 .4 .7 2.1 20.2 19.2 57.4 16.4 Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm . . 1.229 100.0 2.5 5.8 13.8 48.5 19.7 9.7 12.6 Clerical workers 9,193 100.0 .6 2.2 9.8 66.7 17.4 3.3 12.6 Sales workers 1,762 100.0 2.8 7.7 19.5 52.1 14.5 3.5 12.4 Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, except farm

and mine 4.089 100.0 13.4 16.7 30.2 36.3 2.8 .6 11.0 Private household workers 692 100.0 21.8 22.1 26.4 26.4 8.2 1.0 9.9 Service workers, except private household 3,693 100.0 7.5 13.9 24.7 43.1 9.9 .9 12.1 Femers, farm managers. ',borers, and foremen . . . 365 100.0 13.7 26.8 19.5 31.8 6.8 1.4 10.4 Negro and other races

All occupation poops 3,551 100.0 14.4 8.2 24.1 ..1.4 10.4 8.6 12.1 Professional and managerial. and kindred workers' . 465 100.0 1.5 1.7 4.9 17.4 17.8 56.6 16.3 Clerical and sales workers 780 100.0 1.2 1.8 14.0 54.7 24.6 3.8 12.6 Craftsmen, operatives, and laborers, except farm . . . 655 100.0 13.7 7.9 32.7 41.7 3.4 .6 11.6 Private household workers 639 100.0 36.2 19.4 28.5 15.2 .8 - - 8.7 Service workers, except private household 988 100.0 16.8 9.1 32.2 34.6 6.7 .7 11.2 Farmers, farm managers, laborers, and foremen . . . 24 (' ) - - - - -- - -

Includes persons reporting no school years completed.

' Includes professional and technical worker., and managers, officials, and

proprietors, except farm.

14

'Percent and median not shown where base is less than 75,000.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Special Labor

Force Report 125, Educational Attainment of Workers, March 1969 and 1970.
Table 18.-Total annual money income of persons 26 years old and over, by year. of school completed, sex, and age: United States, 1969

Sea, income, and age

Years of school completed Median

school years completed Total Elementary school High school College Total Less

than 8 8 Total 1 to 3 4 Total 1 to 3 4 or more Total 4 5 or more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Number in thousands MEN

Total 60,838 14,362 7,575 6,778 23,632 8,171 16,481 12,851 5,548 7,303 4,039 3,205 12.2 With income 50,383 14,120 7,412 6,706 23,478 8,098 15,380 12,785 5,523 7,263 4,021 3,242 12.2 Pa tentage di tributlon of men with Income Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 $1 to $499 or loss 1.2 2.0 2.4 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.9 9.9 $500 to $999 . . 2.1 5.5 7.5 3.3 0.9 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.6 0.6 8.0 $1,000 to $1,499 3.3 8.0 10.7 5.0 1.7 2.6 1.3 1.1 1,4 0.8 0.8 0.8 8.1 $1,500 to $1,999 3.3 7.4 9.0 5.6 1.9 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.4 1.8 0.9 8.4 $2,000 to $2,499 3.4 7.0 7.8 6.0 2.2 2.9 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.3 1.5 1.2 8.7 $2,500 to $2,999 3.1 6.3 7.5 5.0 2.2 3.4 1.5 1.3 1.5 1.1 1.0 1.3 8.7 $3,000 to $3,999 6.2 11.1 11.7 10.4 48 6.9 3.7 3.3 3.9 2.8 3.0 2.6 9.0 $4,000 to $4,999 6.3 9.6 9.3 9.8 6.1 7.8 5.2 3.0 4.0 2.3 1.9 2.6 10.1 $5,000 to $6,999 7.3 9.0 8.6 9.5 8.1 9.3 7.5 4.1 5.1 3.4 3.5 3.3 11.3 $6,000 to $6,999 8.3 8.0 7.1 9.1 10.2 10.9 9.7 5.3 7.4 3.6 3.7 3.5 12.1 $7,000 to $7,999 9.4 7.5 5.8 9.3 11.8 12.2 11.6 7.2 8.9 5.8 59 5.8 12.2 $8,000 to $9,999 . . 15.9 9.9 7.2 12.9 19.9 17.5 21.2 15.3 19.3 12.3 13.9 1C.4 12.4 $10,000 to $14,999 . , 20.1 7.1 4.2 10.3 22.7 17.2 25.6 29.5 28.7 30.1 30.7 29.5 12.7 $15,000 to $24,999 . . . 7.7 1.4 1.0 1.8 5.5 3.6 6.5 18.7 12.2 23.7 23.4 24.1 15.0 $25,000 and over . . . . 2.3 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.5 1.3 70 3.4 9.8 7.6 12.5 16.4 Median income Total, all ages $7,578 $4,285 $3,429 $5,345 $7,925 $7,079 $8,434 $10,881 $9,394 $12,258 $11,893 $12,723

25 to 34 years 7,974 5,310 4,416 6,328 7,660 6,693 8.008 9,334 8,553 10,228 10,083 10,423

36 to 44 years 9,045 6,037 5,440 6,784 8,754 7,869 9,146 12,704 10,916 14,041 13,730 14,461 45 to 54 years 8,619 6,087 5,218 6,920 8,648 7,806 9,159 12,770 10,857 14,600 14,107 15,521 55 to 64 years 7,279 5,272 4,285 6,385 7,890 7,306 8,402 11,543 9,645 13,340 12,888 13,737

65 years and over 2,828 2,382 2,086 2,848 3,473 3,294 3,673 5,913 4,623 6,997 5,740 7,881 WOMEN Number in housands Total 56,701 14,815 7,574 7,241 3t,619 10,228 21,392 10,287 5,559 1,708 3,321 1,387 12.2 With income 38,153 10,338 5,357 4,981 20,508 8,883 13,823 7,309 3,716 3,593 2,387 1,228 12.1 Percentage distribution of women with income Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 l 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 $1 to $499 or loss . . 10.8 10.7 11.4 9.9 11.0 9.7 11.6 10.6 12.3 8.8 9.9 6.8 12.2 $500 to $999 13.1 23.8 26.7 20.6 10.0 12.3 8.8 6.9 8.5 5.3 6.2 3.7 9.2 $1,000 to $1,499 11.7 19.0 21.3 16.5 10.0 12.6 8.7 6.5 8.1 4.8 5.4 3.7 10.0 $1,500 to $1,099 7.9 11.2 12.0 10.2 7.2 9.0 6.4 6.3 5.1 5.4 5.5 5.3 10.8 $2,000 to $2,499 7.1 8.4 7.5 9.5 7.3 9.5 6.2 4.8 6.0 3.6 3.7 3.5 11.3 $2,500 to $2,999 5.2 5.3 4.6 6.1 5.6 6.5 5.1 4.1 5.1 3.1 3.6 2.0 12.0 $3,000 to $3,999 11.4 9.3 7.3 11.4 13.7 14.6 13.2 7.9 98 6.0 6.6 4.9 12.1 $4,000 to $4,999 9.3 5.8 4.6 7.1 11.4 10.3 11.9 8.1 9.9 6.3 7.2 4.5 12.3 $5,000 to $5,999 7.5 3.0 1.9 4.2 9.2 7.4 10.1 8.7 9.4 8.1 9.4 5.6 12.4 $6,000 to $6,999 5.5 1.5 1.0 2.0 6.3 3.9 7.4 9.1 8.2 10.0 10.7 8.6 12.6 $7,000 to $7,999 3.7 1.0 0.9 1.1 38 18 48 7.4 6.2 8.7 8.6 9.1 12.7 $8,000 to $9,999 . . 3.6 0.6 0.3 1.0 2.9 1.7 3.5 9.5 6.1 13.1 12.7 13.9 13.2 $10,000 to $14,999 . 2.5 0.3 0.2 0.4 1.3 0.5 18 8.8 4.2 13.5 8.5 23.2 16.1 $15,000 to $24,999.. 0.5 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.3 1.7 1.0 2.5 1.6 4.1 15.7 $25,000 and over .. 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.6 0.3 0.7 0.5 1,2 Is Median in come Total, all ages $2,448 $1,407 $1,277 $1,645 $2,912 $2,338 $3,240 $4,482 $3,509 $5,817 $5,208 $7,158

25 to 34 years 3,000 2,128 1,995 2,277 2,749 2,295 3,023 4,296 3,470 5,393 5,316 5,604

35 to 44 years 3,237 2,463 2,254 2,803 3,233 2,873 3,425 4,577 3,924 5,796 5,120 6,903

45 to 54 years 3,558 2,197 1,811 2,613 3,699 3,221 3,965 5,553 4,211 7,017 6,133 8,848

55 to 64 Years 2,791 1,622 1,341 2,107 3,132 2,349 3,631 5,675 4,216 6,915 6,111 9,046

65 years and over 1,397 1,203 1,130 1,302 1,658 1,517 1,782 2,577 2,140 3,287 2,883 4,685

' Less than 0.05 percent. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current

Base less than 75,000.

15

Population Reports, Series P60, No. 75.
Lifetime and Annual

Income of Men by Years

of School Completed

The Bureau of the Census has re

cently released new estimates of the

average lifetime income of men by years of school completed. These

data Indicate that in the years from

age 18 to death an average elementary school graduate in 1968 could

expect an income of approximately

$277,000; a high school. graduate, $371,000; a college graduate, $584,

000; and a person with one or more

years of graduate study, $636,000.

According to the income data presented in the accompanying chart,

an average college graduate can look

forward to more than half again as

much income as a high school grad.

uate who fails to enter college. The holder of a bachelor's degree can

expect more than twice as much income as a person who leaves school

after completing the eighth grade.

And a man who has completed 5

or more years of college can antici

pate an income that is three times as

great as that of an elementary school

dropout. While not all of these variations in income should be attributed

to differences in educational attainment, it would appear that the num- ber of years spent in school does

have an important effect upon future

earning power.

Figure 4. Lifetime income of men, by years of school completed: United States, 1968

Elementary school:

Less than 8 years

8 years

High school:

I to 3 years

4 years

College:

1 to 3 years

4 years

5 or more years

$100:000 $200000 $300000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000

Recent trends in annual income by

years of school completed have also

been made available ill the Census

Bureau. The income of all segments

of the population has grown in the

past decade, but the greatest increases have occurred at the higher

educational levels. Between 1958 and

1968, for example, the income of an

average male elementary school grad- uate 25 years of age or cver rose

from approximately $3,700 to $5, 500; a high school graduate, from

$5,300 to $8,100; and a college grad- uate, from $7,600 to $12,400. The

increase during the 10 -yeas period

was thus about $4,800 for a college graduate, $2,800 for a high school

16

29

graduate, and $1,800 for an elementary school- graduate. These trend

figures are in current dollars; that is,

they make no allowance for changes

in the purchasing power of the dollar.

These data are derived from sample surveys of the population. They

are subject to sampling variability as well as to errors of response and

nonreporting. For more detailed information, the reader may wish to

consult the Bureau of the Census

report, Annual Mean Income, Lifetime

Income, and Educational Attainment

of Men in the United States, for

Selected Years, 1956 to 1968.

W. VANCE GRANT,

specialist in educational statistics
Table 19.-Annual income of men, by ago and years of Table 20.- Lifetime income of men, by years of school

school completed: Unit-Al States, 1956 to 1968 completed: United States, 1956 to 1968

(In current dollars)

Age. and years of school completed 1956 1958 1961 1964 1968

1 2 3 4 5 6 18 to 24 years old

Elementary:

Less than 8 years $1,568 $1,468 $1,596 $1,931 $2,892

8 years 2,135 1,970 2,239 2,553 3,264

High school:

1 to 3 years 2,201 2,088 2,204 2,288 2,600

4 years 2,686 2,655 2,768 3,059 3,674

College:

1 to 3 years 1,924 1,967 2,038 2,257 2,700

4 years or more 111 2,9,6 3,310 3,520 4,273

4 years 111 111 3,381 3,736 4,306

5 years or more 11) 11/ 11/ (1) 4,186

25 years old and over

Elementary:

Less than 8 years 2,574 2,530 2,998 3,298 3,981

8 years 3,631 3,677 4,206 4,520 5,467

High school:

1 to 3 years 4,367 4,452 5,161 5,653 6,769

4 years 5,183 5,257 5,946 6,738 8,148

College:

1 to 3 years 5,997 6,272 7,348 7,907 9,397

4 years or more 7,877 8,643 9,817 10,284 12,938

4 years (1) 7,565 9,342 9,757 12,418

5 yeses or more 111 9,178 9,987 11,004 13,555

Data not available,

NOTE: These arithmetic means are estimated from sample surveys of households.

They are subject to sampling variability as well as to errors of response and

nonreporting.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60, No. 74.

(In current dollars) Years of school completed 1958 1958 1961 1984 1968

1 2 3 Elementary:

Income from age 18 to death

Less then 8 years $131,432 $128,861 $151,881 $170,145 $213,505

8 years 178,749 178,010 205,237 223,948 276,755

High school:

1 to 3 years 201,825 203,901 235,865 255,701 308,306

4 years 244,158 242,480 273,614 311,462 271,094

College:

1 to 3 years 278,227 287,305 335,100 355,249 42-1,290

4 years or more 372,644 401,819 454,732 478,696 607,921

4 years 363,986 432,817 459,482 584,062

5 years or more (1) 440,404 475,116 500,641 636,119

Income from age 25 to 64

Elementary:

Less than 8 years . $107,132 $105,709 $125,044 $138,777 $174,240

8 years 146,059 146,054 168,967 181,702 226,706

High school:

1 to 3 years 166,212 169,554 193,265 211,342 258,455

4 years 199,463 201,750 224,628 252,447 306,786

College:

1 to 3 years 232,317 244,166 273,309 297,543 356,297

4 years or more 310,597 338,900 360,951 392,006 504,760

4 years (1) 303,570 350,699 372,767 486,643

5 years or more (I) 377,635 379,908 418,027 525,997

'Data not available. NOTE: These arithmetic means are estimated from sample surveys of households.

They are ,ubject to sampling variability as well as to errors of response and

non reporting.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Series P-60. No. 74.

Table 21.-Receipts of educational institutions, by level of instruction, type of control,

and source: United States, 1967.68

(In thousands of dollars]

Control of institution and

source of funds All levels Elementary and secondary educationl Higher education2 Total Revenue Nonrevenue Total Educational and general

Auxiliary

enterprises

Student aid

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total 661,778,424_ 640,050,424 $38,303,068 $3,747,368 $21,728,000 $13,846,598 $2,481.670 5497,930

Publicly controlled 49,243,224 35,850,424 32,103,068 3,747,356 13,392,800 8,645,117 1,438,255 258,697 Government 43,611,690 35,720,668 31,973,312 3,747,356 7,891,022 6,437,504 (4) 203,948 Federal 5,369 943 3,006,469 3,006,469 2,363,474 1,839,690 (4) 161,084 State 17,204,411 12,275,536 12,275,536 - - 4,933,875 4,115,238 (4) 41,967

Local (including rounty) 21,032,336 20 438,663

'569,423

16491,307 3,747,356 593,673 482,576 (4) 897 Student fees 1,381,431 69,423 - 1,312,008 1,205,008 (4) (4)

Private gifts and grints 284,813 60,333 60,333 224,480 58,083 (4) 40,197 All other sources . 3,965,290 - - - 3,965,290 944,522 1,438,255 14,552

Privately controlled 12,535,200 64,200,000 64,200,000 (21 8,335,200 5,200,481 1,043,415 239,233 Government 1,971,570 1,971,570 1,595,468 (4) 120,102 Federal 1,852,617 - -- - - - - - 1,852,617 1,508,551 (4) 108,966 State 96.627 - - - 96,627 65,832 (41 10,895

Local (including county) 22,326 - 22,326 21,085 (4) 241 Student fees 2,196,886 - - - - - - - 2,196,886 2,175,286 (4) (4)

Private gifts and grants 1,278,165 - - - 1,278,165 493,950 (4) 62,815 All other sources 7,088,579 4,200,000 4,200,000 (2) 2,888,579 935,777 1,043,415 56,316

'Includes estimated income for "other" schools, such as residential schools for

exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, and Federal schools on Federal

installations. Subcollegiata departments of institutions of higher education are

included under higher education.

21ncludes subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education. Excludes

schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities.

3lncludes estimates of revenue for plant expansion and nonexpendable funds. Excludes interfund transfers. 4Data not available. 17

sTuition and transportation fees from patrons.

6Estimated on the basis of expenditur per teacher in public elementary and

secondary schools.

'Included In column 4.

SOURCES: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of State School Systems, 1967-68, and Financial Statistics of

Institutions of Higher Education, 1967-68; U.S. Department of the Interior,

Bureau of Indian Affairs; and unpublished data evadable in the Office of Education.

7.4,j
Table 22.- Estimated expenditures for education, by level of instruction and by type of control: United States, 1970.71 and 1971-721

In billions of dollars)

Level of instruction end type of control 1970.71 1971.72 Total Current expenditures and interest' Capital

outlay Total Current expenditures and interest' 6

Capital

outlay

1 2 3 4 6 7 Total elementary, secondary, and

higher education 877.8 $87.4 $10.2 $85.1 $74.3 $10.8 Public 62.7 54.3 8.4 68.9 60.0 8.9 Nonpublic 14.9 13.1 1.8 16.2 14.3 1.9 Elementary and secondary regular end other schools' 49.6 =--=

43.9 5.7 54.1 48.0 6.1 Public 44.6 39,6 5.1 48.8 43.3 5.5 Nonpublic 5.0 4.4 .6 5.3 4.7 .6 Higher education' 28.0 23.5 4.5 31.0 26.3 4.7 Public 18.1 14.8 3.3 20.1 16.7 3.4 Nonpublic 9.9 8.7 1.2 10.9 9.6 1.3 Expenditures for higher education on y, by type of fund

Type of control end purpose of expenditures 1970-71 1971.72 Total From current

funds From plant

funds Total From currentfunds From plant

funds Higher education total 28.0 24.2 3.8 31.0 27.0 4.0 Public 18.1 15.3 2.8 20.1 17.2 2.9 Educational end general 11.9 13.5 Auxiliary enterprises, student aid, end

major public service programs 3.4 3.7 Nonpublic 9.9 8.9 1.0 10.9 9.8 1.1 Educational end general 6.2 6.8 Auxiliary enterprises, student eid, end

major public service programs 2.7 3.0 These estimates are based on data shown in the Office of Education

publications. Statistics of State School Systems, Statistics of Higher Education,

end Bond Sales for Public School Purposes. Expenditures of public elementary

end secondary schools for 1971-72 end ell institutions of higher education for

1970-71 and 1971-72 are derived from the increases expected from enrollment

changes combined with the trend in current expenditures per student.

Expenditures of public elementary and secondary schools for 1970-71 are based

on estimates provided by State departments of education and the 1971-72

figures are projections of a 10-year trend. Capital outlay for all institutions of

higher education is derived from the 1967.68 capital outlay per additional

student applied to expected enrollment changes for 1970.71 and 1971-72

adjusted by application of e moving average. All estimates of expenditures for

nonpublic and other elementary and secondary schools ere based on the

assumption that expenditures per teacher (including donated services) ere the

same as for the public schools. Some previous estimates of the cost of education

in nonpublic schools were based on the assumption that per pupil costs in

nonpublic schools were the same as for the public schools. Since the

pupil-teacher ratio is higher in nonpublic than in public schools, the previous

estimates were higher than those shown here.

18

includes estimates for interest as follows: [In billions of dollars)

Elementary-secondary Higher education Public Nonpublic Public Nonpublic 1970-71 $1.3 $0.1 $0.2 $0.1 1971-72 1.5 .1 .2

'Includes other elementary and secondary schools, such as residential schools for

exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, federally operated elementary

and secondary schools on posts, and subcollegiate departments of colleges.

Expenditures for these schools were estimated as follows:

(In billions of dollars) Total Public Nonpublic 1970-71 $0.3 $0.2 $0.1 1971-72 .3 .2 .1

'Excludes an estimated expenditure of $60 million by public and $28 million by

nonpublic subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher education. These

amounts were included with other elementary end secondary school expenditures. SOURCE: Estimated by the Office of Education.
Table 23.- Estimated expenditures of educational institutions, by source of funds: United States, 1965.66 to 1971.72

(Amounts in billions of dollars)

Source of funds, by level of institution

and typo of control 196566Percent 196798

Amount Percent 1969.70 Amount ... _ Percent 1970.71 Amount Percent 197 -------

Amount

.72 Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 All levels: Total public and nonpublic $45 5 100.0 $57.5 100.0 $70.2 100.0 $77.6 100.0 $85.1 100.0 Federal 5.1 11.2 6.8 11.8 7.4 10.5 8.6 11.1 9.5 11.2 State 13.1 28.8 16.8 29.2 20.9 29.8 23.2 29.9 25.3 29.7

Local 15.0 33.0 18.6 32.4 23.4 33.3 25.2 32.5 27.8 32.4 All other 12.3 27.0 15.3 26.6 18.5 26.4 20.6 26.5 22.7 26.7 Total public 35.3 100.0 . _

45.5 100.0 56.6 100.0 62.7 100.0 100.0 Federal 3.7 10.5 5.1 11.2 5.7 10.1 6.7 10.7 _68.9

7.4 10.7 State 13.0 36.8 16.7 36.7 20.8 36.7 23.1 36.8 25.2 36.6

Local 15.0 42.5 18.6 40.9 23.3 41.2 25.1 40.0 27.5 39.9 All other 3.6 10.2 5.1 11.2 6.8 12.0 7.8 12.5 8.8 12.8 Total nonpublic 10.2 100.0 12.0 100.0 13.6 100.0 14.9 100.0 16.2 100.0 Federal 1.4 13.7 1.7 14.2 1.7 12.5 1.9 12.7 2.1 13.0 State .1 1.0 I .8 .1 .7 .1 .7 .1 .6

Local 1') 1') 1') 1') .1 .7 .1 .7 .1 .8 All other 8.7 85.3 10.2 85.0 11.7 86.1 12.8 85.9 13.9 85.8 Denuntary and secondary schools:'

Total public and nonpublic $30.3 100.0 $37.6 100.0 $45.5 100.0 $49.6 100.0 $54.1 100.0 Federal 2.2 7.2 3.0 8.0 3.3 7.3 3.9 7.8 4.3 7.9 State 9.6 31.7 12.1 32.2 14.9 32.7 16.4 33.1 17.9 33.1 Local 14.6 48.2 18.0 47.9 22.5 49.5 24.2 48.8 26.5 49.0 All other 3.9 12.9 4.5 11.9 4.8 10.5 5.1 10.3 5.4 10.0 Total public 26.5 100.0 33.2 100.0 40.8 100.0 44.6 100.0 48.8 100.0 Federal 2.2 8.0 3.0 9.0 3.3 8.0 3.9 8.7 4.3 8.8 State 9.6 36.3 12.1 36.5 14.9 36.6 16.4 36.7 17.9 36.7

Local 14.6 55.2 18.0 54.2 22.5 55.2 24.2 54.4 26.5 54.3 All other .1 .5 .1 .3 .1 .2 .1 .2 .1 .2 Total nonpublic 3.8 100.0 4.4 100.0 4.7 100.0 5.0 100.0 5.3 100.0 Federal - - State - - - - Local - - - - All other

nstitutiote of higher education.: 3.8 100.0 4.4 100.0 4.7 100.0 5.0 100.0 5.3 100.0 Total public and nonpublic 15.2 100.0 19.9 100.0 24.7 100.0 28.0 100.0 31.0 100.0 Federal 2.9 19.1 3.8 19.1 4.1 16.6 4.7 16.8 5.2 16.8 State 3.5 23.0 4.7 23.6 6.0 24.3 6.8 24.3 7.4 23.9

Local .4 2.6 .6 3.0 .9 3.6 1.0 3.6 1.1 3.5 All other 8.4 55.3 10.8 54.3 13.7 55.5 15.5 55.3 17.3 55.8 Total public 8.8 100.0 12.3 100.0 15.8 100.0 18.1 100.0 20.1 100.0 Federal 1.5 17.6 2.1 17.1 2.4 15.4 2.8 15.6 3.1 15.7 State 3.4 38.4 4.6 37.6 5.9 37.4 6.7 36.8 7.3 36.2

Local .4 4.1 .6 4.5 .8 4.8 .9 4.8 1.0 4.9 All other 3.5 39.9 5.0 40.8 6.7 42.4 7.7 42.8 8.7 43.2 Total nonpublic 6.4 100.0 7.6 100.0 8.9 100.0 9.9 100.0 10.9 100.0 Federal 1.4 22.1 1.7 22.6 1.7 19.4 1.9 19.6 2.1 19.7 State .1 1.5 .1 1.2 .1 1.4 .1 1.4 .1 1.3

Local 1') .1 l' I .3 .1 .4 .1 .5 .1 .5 All other 4.9 76.3 5.8 75.9 7.0 78,8 7.8 78.5 8.6 78.5 Less than $50 million.

'Leu than 0.05 percent.

'In addition to regular schools, these figures include other elementary and

secondary schools, such as residential schools for exceptional children, Federal

schools for Indians, federally operated elementary and secondary schools on

posts, and subcollegiate departments of colleges. See footnote 3 of preceding

table. NOTE .-Explenations of data are as follows: Data sources Data are based on statistics shown in U.S. Department of Health, Education,

and Welfare, Office of Education publications: Statistics of State School Systems,

1959.60, 196162, 196364, 196566. and 196798; Statistics of Public Schools,

Fall 1964, 1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1969, 1970; Financial Statistics of Higher.

Education, 1959-60, 1965-66, 196667, 196768, and 196869; Higher Education

Finances: Selected Trend and Summary Data; and unpublished data in the Office of Education. Definitions

Total expenditures are defined as the expenditure of all money from both

loans and grants and exclude only the funds used for reducing debt. Expenditures

from Federal, State, and local sources are defined as institutional expenditures of

all grants (but not loans) of funds received from those sources. Expenditures from

all other sources include all funds received by the institutions that were not

received as a grant from Federal, State, and local governments. Loans from any

wore. are included in this category. (lt was estimated that in 1972 about $80

19

million in Federal loan to institutions of higher education were included in the

all other category shown here.)

Since the foregoing definitions are aimed at showing sources of funds through

the eyes of educational institutions, the Federal figures shown in this table are

different from the ones shown in the chapter on Federal funds for education. The

three main reasons are as follows: (1) Different items are included. For example, the tables on Federal funds

show grants and loans to individuals, which would show up in institutional

accounts as a receipt from tuition or auxiliary services; or they may be spent for

board and room outside the institution and not be a receipt of the institution

from any source.

(2) The same items may be handled differently. For example, the tables on

Federal funds show only basic research for institutions of higher education, while

the institutions include some applied research grants from the Federal Govern- ment. (3) The tables on Federal funds frequently show obligated funds, while the

institutional figures show expenditures. Method The total expenditures shown 'here were estimated according to the method

shown in footnote 1 of the preceding table. The breakdown by source of funds

was estimated by first adjusting receipts to equate them with expenditures, and

lien. assuming a continuation of the trend in the amount of receipts from each

fee. Equating receipts to expenditures was accomplished mainly by including

loans and excludili 2receipts that were used for reduction of debt. 161'
Educational Expenditures Compared with GNP

Expenditures for public and nonpublic schools at all

levels of education from kindergarten through the

graduate school totaled approximately $70 billion

during the 1969.70 school year. Educational expenditures have risen rapidly in recent years, reflecting the

growth of the schoolage population as well as the

increased efforts of the Nation to provide quality

education for its young people. The annual expenditure

is now eight times its 1949-50 total and nearly three

times the outlay only 10 years ago. These comparisons

do n..,t allow for changes in the purchasing power of the

dollar through the years.

The accompanying chart measures our efforts to

support education since 1929-30 by comparing expenditures with the gross national product tGNPI. The GNP,

which is calculated by the Office of Business Economics,

U.S. Department of Commerce, "represents the total

national output of goods and services at market prices. It

measures this output in terms of the expenditures by

which the goods and services are acquired. The expenditures comprise purchases of goods and services by

consumers and government, gross private domestic investment, and net exports of goods and services." It thus

constitutes a convenient yardstick by which to appraise

the level of educational expenditures.

The percentage of the gross national product which

went for education has varied widely over the past 40

years. Educational expenditures were relatively high in

the mid-1930's, exceeding 4 percent of the GNP in

1933.34. They then declined to a low point of 1.13

percent during the war year of 1943-44. Except far a

brief period during the Korean conflict when the annual

investment in education tended to stabilize, there has

been a steady increase in the proportion of the GNP

spent for education ever since the end of World War II.

Expenditures in 1969-70 were at an all-time high both in

terms of actual dollars and as a percentage of the gross

national product (7.6 percent).

W. VANCE GRANT,

Specialist in educational statistics

Figure 5.Total expenditures for education as a percentage of

gross national product: United States, 1929.30 to 1969.70

7

6

5

4

0 1929.30 1935-36 1941-42 1947-49 1953-54 1959-60 196566 196940 SOURCE: U.S, Department of Health, Education, and

'

Welfare, Office of Education, Digest of Educational Statistics, table 25.

20
Table 24.-Expenditures for education, including capital

outlay, by level of instruction and by type of control:

United States, 1967.68

I n thousands of dollars)

Expenditures, by level

of instruction Total Publicly

con trolled Privately controlled

1 2 3 4 All levels (elementary,

secondary, higher(' $57,477,243 $45,454,599 $12,022,844

Current expenditures (Including

Interest) 49,161,350 38,903,821 10,257,529

Capital outlay or plant

expansion 8,315,893 6,550,778 1,765,115

Elements i and secondary

schools' 37,271,606 32,963,724 34,287,684

Current expenditures (including

interest) 32,462,564 28,727,P33 33,734,631

Capital outlay 4,809,044 44,255,791 3553,253

Kindergarten through grade 85 23,578,691 20,866,098 2,712,593

Grades 9.12 and postgraduates 13,692,917 12,117,626 1,575,291

Other elementary and secondary schools' 300,000 200,000 100.000 Higher education (excluding

subcollegiate departments)6 19,905,635 12,270,875 7,634,760

Current expenditures 16,398,786 9,975,888 6,422,898

Educational and general 13,108,420 8,137,659 4,970,761

Auxiliary enterprises 2,577,941 1,511,314 1,066,627

Student-aid expenditures 712,425 326,915 385,510

Expenditures from plant funds" 3,506,849 2,294,987 1,211,862

'Includes en estimate for "other" a ementary and secondary schools such as

residential schools for exceptional children, Federal schools for Indians, federally operated elementary and secondary schools on posts, and subcollegiate

departments of institutions of higher education.

SExcludes expenditures for the "other" schools described in footnote 1.

3Estimated on the basis of expenditure per teacher in public elementary and

secondary schools.

4Includes capital outlay of $169,146,168 by State and local schoolhousing

authorities. SOistribution between grade-groups (kindergarten-grade 6, grades 9-12 and postgraduate) estimated on the assumption that the cost per pupil in grades 9-12 is

50 percent higher than in grades K-8.

sExciudes schools of nursing not affiliated with colleges and universities.

'Excludes an estimated $668 million expended for plant expansion directly from

currant funds ($437 million by publicly controlled and $231 million by privately controlled institutions of higher education).

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of State School Systems, 1967-68,- Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, 1967-68; unpublished data evailable in the Office of

Education: and U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Indian Affairs.

21

Table 25.-Gross national product related to total

expenditures' for education: United States,

1929.30 to 1970.71

Calendar year Gros* national product

(in millions) School year

Expenditures for education

Total (in

thousands) As a percmt of gross national product

1 2 3 4 5 1929 $103,095 1929.30 $3,233,601 3.1 1931 75,820 1931-32 2,966,484 3.9

1933 55,601 1933.34 2,294,696 4.1 1P15 72,247 1935-36 2,649,914 3.7 1937 90,446 1937.313 3,014,074 3.3

1939 90,494 193940 3,199,593 3.5

1941 124,540 1941-42 3,203,548 2.6

1943 191,592 1943-44 3,522.007 1.0 1945 212,010 1945-46 4,167,597 2.0

1947 231,323 1947.48 6,574,379 2.8 1949 256,484 1949-50 8,795,635 3.4

1951 328,404 1951-52 11,312,446 3.4 1953 364,593 1953.54 13,949,876 3.8

1955 397,960 1955-56 16,811,651 4.2

1957 441,134 1957-58 21,119,565 4.8 1959 483,650 1959-60 24,722,464 5.1 1961 520,109 1961-62 29,366,305 5.6 1963 590,503 1963-64 38,010,210 6.1 1965 684,884 1965-66 45,397,713 8.6

1967 793,927 19676E1 57,477,243 7.2 1969 929,005 1969.70 '70,200,000 7.6 1970 974,126 1970-71 '77,600.000 8.0 1 Includes expenditures of public and nonpublic schools at all levels of education

(elementary, secondary, and higher education). 2Estimated. NOTE: Beginning with 1959-60 school year, includes Alaska and Haweli.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education In the United States; Statistics of Stat. School

Systems,' Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education; and unpublished

data. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of

Current Business, August 1965, July 1970, and July 1971
Table 26.-Direct expenditures of State and local governments for all functions and for

education, by per capita amount and percent of per capita income: 196849

State Per capita

personal

income, 1968

Direct general expenditures,

196869

All functions Education Amount per cap ita Percent of per

capitaita

income' Amount per "Pita

Percent of per

income

1 2 3 4 5 6 United States $3,434 $577.94 16.83 8233.77 6.81 Alabama 2.417 444.60 18.40 178.89 7.39 Alaska 3,925 1,215.97 30.98 390.10 9.94 Arizona 2,999 578.31 19.22 285.66 9.53 Arkansas 2,413 443.21 18.37 157.19 6.51 California 3,965 776.68 19.59 275.95 6.96 Colorado 3,233 605.53 18.73 283.13 8.76 Connecticut 4,299 588.15 13.66 221.25 5.15 Delawaro 3,835 706.04 18.41 297.65 7.76 District of Columbia 4,530 831.85 18.36 223.61 4.94 Florida 3,081 484.71 15.73 214.59 6.96 Georgie 2,852 475.26 16.66 200.46 7.03 Hawaii 3,769 798.78 21.14 264.77 7.02

Idaho 2,714 495.72 18.27 194.76 7.18

Illinois 3976 657.03 14.01 223.28 5.62

I ndiane 3,396 483.90 14.25 246.97 7.27

Iowa 3255 694.79 18.27 272.64 8.38 Kanses 3,394 606.71 14.93 231.56 6.82 Kentucky 2,654 500.88 18.87 200.66 7.56

Louisiana 2,722 J4,...45 19.41 198.19 7.28 Maine 2,784 478.64 17.19 190.09 6 83 Maryland 3,682 613.37 16.66 255.91 6.95 Massachusetts 3,763 636.49 16.91 189.50 5.04 Michigan 3,705 614.63 16.59 292.22 7.89 Minnesota 3,310 639.95 19.33 287.85 8.70 Mississippi 2,195 435.86 19.86 173.13 7.89 Missouri 3294 487.55 14.80 208.28 6.32 Montana 2,889 580.42 20.09 237.47 8.22 Nebraska 3,169 630.29 16.73 243.55 7.69 Nevada 3,843 768.74 20.00 255.14 6.64 New Hampshire 3,244 485.35 14.96 200.66 6.19 New Jersey 4,005 529.07 13.21 211.39 5.28 New Mexico 2,666 608.21 22.81 294.97 11.06 New York 4,172 816.22 19.56 276.76 6.63 North Carolina 2,725 389.96 14.31 182.29 6.69 North Dakota 2,670 625.07 23.41 261.91 9.81 Ohio 3,512 474.12 13.50 200.18 5.70 Oklahoma 2,877 512.51 17.81 204.19 7.10 Oregon 3,325 625.30 18.81 294.69 8.86 Penns,ivama 3,396 511.09 15.05 212.44 6.26 Rhode Island 3,556 595.77 16.75 211.11 5.94 South Carolina 2,494 380.07 15.24 178.63 7.16 South Dakote 2,803 600.55 21.43 279.12 9.96

Tennessee 2,634 432.76 16.43 174.90 6.64

Texas 3,073 441.58 14.37 202.71 6.60 Utah 2,799 585.71 20.93 311.76 11.14 Vermont 3,046 636.75 20.90 250.74 8.23 Virginie 3,105 455.44 14.67 203.00 6.54 Washington 3,703 649.10 17.53 295.18 7.97 West Virginie 2,511 464.65 18.50 195.30 7.78 Wisconsin 3,270 650.68 19.90 290.76 8.89 Wyoming 3,081 948.49 30.79 335.80 10.90

'Percentages were computed by the Office of Education.

SOURCES: US. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current

Business, April 1971; and Bureau of the Census, Governmental Finances in 196849, Series GF69, No. 5.

22
Chapter

Elementary and Secondary Education

The United States has gone a long way toward

providing universal elementary and secondary educa

tion for its citizens. While regulations differ some

what from one jurisdiction to another, it may be said

in general that free public education is available to all

and that school attendance is compulsory between

the ages of 7 and 16. A school dropout before the age

of 16 is becoming a rarity in this country, and the

great majority of young people graduate from high

school.

Elementary and secondary education is offered by

some 66,800 public elementary schools, 26,300

public secondary schools, 14,400 nonpublic elementary schools, and 4,200 nonpublic secondary schools.

The largest segment of the school population is found

in public schools. Pupils in the regular public school

system account for about 80 percent of the total

enrollment in kindergarten through grade 8, and for

90 percent of the total in grades 9 through 12.

Enrollment in nonpublic schools, which grew at a

rapid pace in the 1950's and early 1960's, has tended

to statilize and even to decline somewhat in recent

years. Today about 1 pupil in 9 is enrolled in a

nonpublic (church-related or nonsectarian) school.

The Office of Education obtains statistics each fall

from the State departments of education on the

pupils, teachers, instruction rooms, and estimated

expenditures of public elementary and secondary day

schools. These data are usually available within about

4 months after the opening of the school year. More

comprehensive statistics on the organization, staff,

pupils, and finances of public schools are collected

biennially from the same sources. The data from the

two surveys are published in Fall Statistics of Public

Elementary and Secondary Day Schools and Statistics

of State School Systems, respectively. In these two

23

publications emphasis is placed upon State and

national totals. To secure data on pupils, staff, and

finances at the local level, the Office of Education

conducts a survey of Statistics of Local Public School

Systems. The local school study is published annually

in two parts.

In recent years the Office of Education has

expanded its coverage of nonpublic schools with the

publication of Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary

and Secondary Schools. Valuable information on

these schools has also been made available by the

State education agencies, the National Catholic Educational Association, and the Bureau of the Census.

Since much of the instruction in vocational education takes place at the secondary school level,

statistics on enrollment in and expenditures for

vocational education are also included in this chapter.

More detailed information in this area is contained in

the annual reports on Vocational and Technical

Education issued by the Office of Education.

Other recurring reports of the Office of Education

which have appeared at less frequent intervals are the

studies of public secondary day schools, offerings and

enrollments in high school subjects, and special

education for exceptional children. The most recent

statistics from each of these surveys, supplemented

by estimates where appropriate, are summarized in

the tables which follow.

In general, the statistics in this chapter relate to 48

States and the District of Columbia through the

school year 1957-58. Data for 1958.59 include

Alaska, and those for 1959-60 and subsequent years

include both Alaska and Hawaii. Any deviation from

this rule is clearly indicated in the tabular presentation.

. 3(0
Table 27.-Enrollment In fulliime public elementary and noondayy day schools, by level and by State: Fall 1970 and fall 1971

State Fall 1970 Fall 1971' Total 2 Elementary

3 Secondary 4 Total Elementary Secondary

1 5 6 7 United States 45,903,371 27,496,754 18,406,617 45,939,000 27,096,000 18,841,000 Alabama' 805,205 426,209 378,996 806000 420,000 388,000 Alaska 79,845 51,881 27,964 00,000 51,000 29,000 Arizona 439,524 304,585 134,939 438,000 300,000 138,000 Arkansas 483,320 252,046 211,274 484,000 248,000 216,000 California 4,633,198 2,864,287 1,768,911 4,634,000 2,822,000 1,812,000 Colorado 550,060 307,292 242,768 551,000 303,000 248,000 Connecticut 662,205 454,130 208,075 661,000 448,000 213,000 Delaware' 132,745 73,590 59,155 134,000 73,000 61,000

District of Columbia' 145,704 90,433 55,271 146,000 89,000 57,000 Florida 1,427,898 781,703 846,193 1,431,000 770,000 661,000

Georgia' 1,098,901 705,347 393,554 1,098,000 695,000 403,000 Hawaii' 180,641 102,251 78,390 181,000 101,000 80,000

Idaho' 182,333 92,841 89,492 183,000 91,000 92,000

Illinois 2,356,636 1,499,554 857,062 2,355,000 1,478,000 877,000

Indiana 1,231,458 749,063 482,395 1,232,000 738,000 494,000

Iowa 660,104 373,701 286,403 661,000 368,000 293,000 Kansas' 512,308 356,992 155,316 511,000 352,000 159,000

Kentucky 717,205 455,979 261,226 716,000 449,000 267.000

Louisiana 842,365 508,881 333,484 843,000 502,000 341.000 Maine' 244,670 176,804 67,886 243,000 174,000 69,000

Maryland' 916,244 523,725 392,519 918,000 516,000 402,000 Massachusetts' 1,167,713 849,517 518,196 1,170,000 640,000 530,000

Michigan' 2,180,699 1,227,734 952,985 2,185,000 1,210,000 975,000 Minnesota 920,839 489,232 431,607 924,000 482,000 442,000

Mississippi 534,395 312,093 222,302 536,000 308,000 228,000 Missouri 1,039,477 684,486 354,991 1,038,000 675,000 363,000 Montana 176,712 107,336 69,376 177,000 106,000 71,000 Nebraska 329,110 187,150 141,980 329,000 184,000 145,000 Nevada 127,550 74,116 53,434 128,000 73,000 55,000

New Hampshire 156,756 94,624 64,132 159,000 93,000 66,000

New Jersey 1,482,000 978,120 503,880 1,480,000 964,000 516,000 New Mexico 281,372 152,947 128,425 282,000 151,000 131,000

New York' 3,477,016 1,922,161 1,554,855 3,486,000 1,893,000 1,593,000

North Carolina' 1,192,187 835,739 356,448 1,189,000 824,000 365,000 North Dakota 147,013 91,275 55,738 147,000 90,000 57,000

Ohio' 2,425,643 1,698,298 727,345 2,418,000 1,673,000 745.000 Oklahoma 626,958 350,004 276,952 628,000 345,000 283,000

Oregon 479,527 280,636 198,891 481,000 277,000 204,000

Pennsylvania 2,358,100 1,260,000 1,098,100 2,366,000 1,242,000 1,124,000 Rhode Island 188,090 111,157 76,933 189,000 110,000 79,000 South Carolina 837,800 393,319 244,481 638,000 388,000 250,000 South Dakota 166,305 87,852 78,453 167,000 87,000 80,000

Tennessee 899,893 571,224 328,669 899,000 563,000 336,000 Texas' 2,839,900 1,577,800 1,262,100 2,847.000 1,555,000 1,292,000 Utah 304,002 165,492 138,510 305,000 163,000 142,000 Vermont 103,130 63,708 39,422 103,000 63,000 40,000

Virginia' 1,078,754 682,644 398,110 1,078,000 673,000 405,000

Washington' 817,712 442,618 375,094 820,000 436,000 384,000

West Virginia 399,531 221,780 177,751 401,000 219,000 182,000 Wisconsin 993,736 585,889 407,847 994,000 577,000 417,000

Wyoming' 86,886 46,509 40,377 87,000 46,000 41,000

Outlying area 734,013 464,986 269,027 735,000 459,000 276,000 American Samoa ' 9,000 '7,000 ' 2,000 9,000 7,000 2,000 Canal Zone' 13,479 7,846 5,633 14,000 8,000 6,000 Guam' 24,757 16,002 8,755 25,000 16,000 9,000 Puerto Rico' 686,777 434,138 252,639 687,000 428,000 259,000

'Estimated.

'Data for elementary and secondary are reported by specific grade group: K to 6

for elementary and 7.12 for secondary.

'Data for elementary and secondary are reported by specific grade group: K to 7

for elementary end 8-12 for secondary.

4-.

24

Data for elementary and secondary are reported by specific grade group: K to 8

for elementary and 9-12 for secondary.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schools; and Office of Education

estimates.
Table 28. -Enrollment by spade' in lull time public elementary and secondary day schools: United States, 195960 to 1970.71 Grade

1

All grades

Kindergarten'grade 8

Kindergarten

1st grade

2d grade

3d grade

4th grade

5th grade

8th grade

7th grade

8th grade

Grades 9.12 and postgreduate

9th grade

10th grade

11th grede

12th grade

Postgraduate

All grades

Kindergartenvade 8

Kindergarten

1st grade

2c1 grade

3d grade

4th grade

5th grade

6th grade

7th grade

8th grade

Grades 9-12 and postgraduate

9th grade

10th grade

11th grade

12th grade

Postgraduate

1959 60 19606I' 1961 62 196263'

II 196364' 2 3 4 I 5 6

361087 38,253 .39,748 41,025

27,602 28,439 28,686 29,374 29,915

1,923 2,000 2,065 2,182 2,177

'13,7331 3,822 3,857 3,928 4,023

3,436 '13,5021 3,568 3,830 3,705

3,302 3,405 '13,4281 3,518 3,560

3,148 3,278 3,343 '13,3911 3,467

3,118 3,131 3,218 3,332 '13,3661

3,070 3,095 3,065 3,190 3,299

3,173 3,123 3,122 3,140 3,241

2,701 3,083 3 021 3,083 3,077.

8,485 8,821 9,566 10,372 11,110

2,412 2,750 3,156 3,172 3,190

2,258 2,252 2,595 2,981 3,006

2,063 1,997 2,018 2,348 2,747

1,747 1,820 1,791 1,866 2,160

4 2 7 5 6

100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0_ 100.0 76,5 76.3 75.0 73.9 72.9

5,3 5.3 5.4 5.4 5,3

10.3 10.3 10.1 9,9 9.8

9.5 9,3 9.1 9.0

9.2 9.1 9.0 8.9 8.7 8.7 8.8 8.7 8.5 8.5

8.6 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.2

8.5 8.3 8.0 8.0 8.0

8.8 8.4 8.2 7.9 7.9 7.5 8.3 7.8 7.5 23.5 23.7 25.0 26.1 27.1 6.7 7.4 8.2 8.0 7.8 6.3 6.0 6.8 7.5 7.3 5.7 5.4 5.3 5.9 6.7 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.7 5.3

1'1 1'1 1.1

190465' 1965 66

7 1 fl Number, it thousand

' Enrollment in ungraded and pecial ciesses is not shown separately but is

prorated among the grades.

Data derived from special studies or estimates.

'Estimated from fill data.

'Figures in parentheses, shown in iOrr11111 progression, indicate enrollments in

successive grades of the pupils who entered the first grade in 195960 including

retarded and accelerated pupils. &duos* of hitardation, school retention rates

sl...suld not be calculated directly from first grade enrollment,

25

1966 137' i 190768' 9 10 196869' 11

19139 70' 12 197071' 13

42,280 42,835 43,898 44,742 45,d43 48,531 46,822

30,852 31,177 31,766 32,254 32,871 33.249 33.225 2,250 2,328 2,411 2,479 2,577 2,653 2,608

4,014 4,097 4,092 4,118 4,082 4,026 3,982

3,800 3,766 3,828 3,848 3,918 3,876 3,815

3,662 3,741 3,743 3,786 3,844 3,883 3.830

3,523 3,609 3,706 3,705 3,777 3,820 3,842

3,465 3,504 3,581 3,687 3,716 3,777 3,798

'13,3621 3,433 3,492 3,572 3,701 3,721 3,760

3,363 '13,4061 3,b28 3,580 3,696 3,825 3,828

3,212 3,293 '13,3851 3,481 3,560 3,688 3,782 - - 11,628 1 ,658 12,137 12,488 12,972 13,282 13.597 3,198 3,307 3,412 '13,5201 3647 3,708 3,810

3,065 3,057 3,173 3,344 '13,4411 3,541 3,603

2,778 2,778 2,899 2.990 3,106 '13,1711 3,263

2,560 2,511 2,641 2,618 2,760 2,841 '12,8931

7 5 7 16 18 21 28 Pe cent 100.0 10(1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 72,5 72 8 72.4 72.1 71.7 71:5 71.0 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.5 56 5.7 5.6 9.5 9.6 9.4 9.2 8.9 8.7 8.5 9.0 8.8 8.7 8.6 8.5 8.4 8.2

8.7 8.7 8.5 8.5 8.4 8.3 8.2

8.3 8.4 8.4 8.3 8.2 8.2 8.2

8.2 8.2 8.2 8.2 8.1 8.1 8.1 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.0 8.0

8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.2

7.6 7.7 7.7 7.8 7.8 7.9 8.0 - - .-

27.5 27.2 27.6 7 9 28.3 29.0

7.6 7.7 7.8 7.8 8.0 8.0 8.1 7.3 7.1 7.2 7.5 7.5 7.6 7.7 6.6 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.8 7.0

6.1 5.9 6.0 5,9 6.0 6.1 6.2

1'1 1.) 1.1 1.1 .1

'Less than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.-8ecause of rounding, detail may not add to twills.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems. 196768, and Office ul Education

estimates.
Table 29.-Enrollment, attendance, and length of school term In public

elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1067.88

State

1

F nrollment I

)

Average

daily

rnero her sh ip

3

Average

daily attendance

Average

daily attendance

as percent of enrollment 5

Average daily attendance

is percent o1

average daily

membership

4 6 United States 1._44,742,341 343,269,300 40,927,966 91.3 244.4 Alabama 860,295 827,939 787,714 91.6 95.1 Make . . . 67.203 86.716 63,923 951 95.8 Anions 424,998 380,379 366,415 86.2 96.3 Arkansas 454,874 433,972 412,782 90.7 35.1 California 4,466,266 4,533,000 *4,454,359 499,7 498.3 Colorado 536,073 507,048 478,168 89.2 94.3 Connecticut 628,252 621,563 576,170 91 7 92.7 Delaware . . . 121,153 116,423 109.727 90.6 94.2 District of Columbia 3 ' 158,444 146,143 132 410 83 6 90.6 Florida 1.393,753 1.298,025 1,21%957 87.3 93.8 Georgic 11121'998 1.076,936 998,781 89.0 92.7 Hawaii , 169,430 169,162 158,111 93.3 93.5

Idaho 184,458 168,255 91.2

Illinois 72.215,328 2,133,258 2,015,683 91.0 94 ,

Indiana 31,181,440 1,166,770 1.058,909 89.7 .4.8

Iowa 677,623 643,534 617,833 91.2 96.0 Kenos 554,488 474,352 85 5 Kentucky 701,613 674,964 635,403 90 6 94.1 Louisiana 863,038 831,751 773,942 89.7 93.0 Maine 230,392 227,323 215,363 93.5 94.7 Maryland 856,518 824,371 749,016 87.4 90.9 Massachusetts .1,092,951 1,074,655 988,883 90.5 92.0 Michigan '2,079,704 1,913,328 92.0 Minnlsota 886,171 861,409 800,267 90.3 92.9 M.rsissiPpi 599,891 576.065 539,615 90.0 93.7 Missouri 1,031,010 ... 871,444 84,5 ... Montana 177,848 173.297 160,659 90.3 92.7 Nebraska 336,034 323,422 311,378 92.7 96.3 Nevada 125,040 111,117 104,422 83.5 94.0 New Horr.ishire 143,342 135,641 127,922 89.2 94.3 New Jersyy 71,452,457 11,370,829 11,266,524 87.2 92.4 New Mexico 284,928 267,229 252,759 88.7 94.6 New York 33,325,477 3,287,239 3,019,295 90.8 91.8 North Carolina 31,193,767 1,115,298 93.5 North Dakota 153,513 146,588 141,787 92.4 96.7 32,358,900 2,334,148 2,207,276 93.6 94.4 Oklahoma 619,740 580,137 559,350 90.3 96.4 Oregon 433,006 452,294 425,047 88.0 94.0 Pennsylvania 2,310,486 2,260,032 2,125,071 92.0 94.0

F.hode Island 173,976 165,472 148,019 85.1 89.5 South r Jralins 3665.983 642,1'34 604,928 90.8 94.2 South Dakota 175,654 1003,781 160,219 91.2 96,1 Tennessee 906,937 870.747 830,568 91.6 95.4

Texas 32,615,623 2,495,203 2,340,637 89.5 93.8 Utah 305,679 294,873 282,215 92.3 95.7 Vermont 92,528 90,888 85,461 92.4 94.0 Virginia 1,053,358 1,009,058 949,854 90.2 94.1 Washington 3781,870 738.554 94.2 - - Wed Virginia 426,333 410,145 388,385 91.1 94.7 Wisconsin 936,335 869,418 826,305 88.2 95.0 Wyoming 86,663 84,141 80,382 92.7 95.5 Outlying areas: Canal Zone . 15,471 14,078 13,545 87.6 96.2 Guam 20,920 19,115 17,833 85 93.3 Puerto Rico 670,187 639,764 604,206 90.2 94.4 Virgin Islands', 11,497 11,451 10,468 91.0 91.4

'Enrollment figures for given State include pupils who enrolled for the first

time in the United States during the school year and pupils who were previously enrolled in another State. 2 Includes estimate for the nonreporting States.

'Enrollment not cumulative but as of a specific date.

4Since attendance figures in California include excused absences and enrollment is

not cumulative, the ratios of attendance to enrollment and attendance to mem.

bership are not strictly comparable with those of other States..

0

Z) a 26

Average

length of

term in days

7 a 178.8 163.2

Avrres

number of days attended

per pupil enrolled

175.4 160.6 176.6 168.5 175.0 160.9 175.4 159.1 178.0 1775

179.6 160.2 180 0 165.1 180 0 163.2 176.8 148.2 180.0 157.1 180.0 160.2

177.4 166.0

181.0 165.5 177.0 161.0 6177.0 158.7 179.6 163.7 178.6 152.9 173.6 157.1 178.0 159.7 181.2 169.6

183.3 160.2 181.0 163.7 180.0 165.6

177.8 160.6 177.0 159.1 6177.5 160.0

180.7 163.1 178.7 165.5

179.6 150.1 179.9 160.9 181.1 157.9 180.0 159.6 8180.0 163.5 6180.0 168.2 181.0 166.6 179.8 168.3

176.0 158.8 178.2 156.8

181.6 167.1 180.0 153.1 180.0 163.5 178.5 162.5 176.0 161.1 175.0 156.6

180.2 166.2

171.8 157.9

180.7 163.0

180.0 169.5

181.1 165.1 180.0 158.9 180.0 166.3

187.0 168.9

176.9 160.2

182.7 164.7

... SIncludes enrollment for the Americanization School lodult education/.

°Data for the 1965-66 school year.

7 Data from annual State report.

Lags) minimum for the State.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, anl Welfare, Office of

Lion, Statistics of State School Systems, 1967.68.
Table 30,-Age ranges for compulsory and permissive school attendance, by State: 1965

State Compulsory attendance

age range Permissive attendance' State Compulsory

intandence

age renge2 Permissive attendance' Minimum Maximum3 Minimum Maximum3

1 2 3 4 1 I 3 4 Alabame 7-16 6 sy Oct. 1) (4) Montana 7.16 6 21 Alaska 7-16 6 (by Nov. 21 (4) Nebraska 7.16 6 (by Oct. 16) 21 Arizona 6.16 6 (by Jan. 1 21 Nevado 7.17 6 (by Dec. 31) 141 Arkansas 7.16 6 (by Oct. ti 21 New Hampshire . 6.16 (4) (4) California 8.16 6% (by Sept. 1) (4)

New Jersey 6.16 5 20 Coloado 7.16 6 21 New Mexico 6.17 (4) (4) Connecticut 7.16 6

14 j New York 7.16 6 (by Dec. 1) 21 Delaware 7.16 6 21 North Caroline 7.16 6 (by Oct. 1) 21 District of Columbia . 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) (4) North Dakota 7:16 6 (by Oct. 31) 21 Florida 7.16 5% (4)

Ohio 6-18 6 21 Georgia 7.16 6 19 Oklahoma 7.10 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 Hawaii 6.16 6 (by Dec. 31) (4) Oregon 7.18 6 (by Nov. 15) 21

Idaho 7.16 6 (by Oct. 16) 21 Pennsylvania 8.17 6 (by Feb. 1) 21

Illinois 7.16 6 (by Dec. 1) 21 Rhoda Island 7.16 (4) (4)

Indiene 7.16 (4) (4)

South Carolina . - - 6 21

Iowa 7.16 6 (by Sept. 15) 21 South Dakota 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 Kansas 7-16 6 (by Sept. 1) (4) Tennessee 7.17 8 (by Dec. 31) (4)

Kentucky .. 7.16 6 (by Dec. 311 21 Texas 7.17 6 (by beginning of school 21 Louisiana 7.16 6 (within 4 months of (4) year).

beginning of term). Utah 6.18 6 18 Maine 7.17 6 (by Oct. 15) 21 Vermont 7.16 6 (by Jen. 1) 18 Maryland 7.16 6 21 Virginia 67.16 7:7 20 Massachusetts 7.16 (4) (4) Washington 8.16 6 21 Michigan 6-16 5 (by lst day of school (4) West Virginia 7.16 6 (by Nov. 1) 21 year). Wisconsin 7.16 6 (by Dec. 1) 20 Minnesota 716 55 21 Wyoming 7.17 6 (by Sept. 151 21 k aissippi ... 6 (by Jan. 11 (4)

Outlying area: Missouri 7-16 6 (by Oct. 1) 20 Puerto Rico 8-16 5 18

"The age >pan for permissive school at endance refers in most cases o the age

range within which per ons are entitled to free public education in the elementary and secondary grades. Separete provisions which apply to persons of kindergarten, nursery school, or junior college age are not included in this tabulation.

2Many States have special provisions for children who have completed a certain

level of education (usually the 8th grade or higher) and who are employed.

3Some States have special provisions for veterans and disabled persons. Also, the

statutes in a few Stales provide that no person shall be deprived of educational

.,pportunities by reason of age.

4 Not specified in the statutes.

5A school board may exclude children under 6.

61) law is adopted locally.

7A school board may admit children who have reached their 6th birthday on or

before Sept. 30.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, State Law on Compulsory Attendance.

Table 31.-Enrollment in grades 9-12 in public and nonpublic schools compared with

population 14-17 years of age: United States, 1889-90 to fall 1970

School year Enrollment, grades 9- 2 and

postgraduate' Population

14-17 Years

Total number enrolled par 100 School year Er: rollment, grades 9-12 and

postgraduate' Population

14 17 years

Total number enrolled par 100

All Public Nonpublic of age` parsons All Public Nonpublic of age2 persons schools schools schools 14-17

years of age

sch3ols schools schools 14-17

years of age

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1889-90 .. .. 359,949 394,931 5,354,653 6.7 1949-50 . . 6,453,009 5,757,810 695,199 8,404,768 76.8

1899-191111 . . 699,403

;202,963

:519,251 3110,797 6,152,231 11.4 1951-52 .. 6596,351 5,917,384 678,967 58,516,000 77.5 1909.10.... 1,115,398 '915,061 3117,400 7,220,298 15,4 1953-54 , . . 7,108,973 6,330,565 778,408 58,861,000 80.2

1919-20 . ... 2,500,176 32,200,389 3213,920 7,735,841 32.3 1955-56 .... 7,774,975 6,917,790 857,185 59,207,000 84.4 1929-30 .... 4,804,255 34,399,422 3 4341,158 9,341,221 51.4 1957.58 .... 8,869,186 7,905,469 963,717 510,139,000 87.5 1939-40 .. .. 7,123,009 6,635,337 487,672 9,720,419 73.3 1959-60 ... . 9,599,810 8,531,454 1,068,356 11,154,879 86.1 1941-42 .. .. 6,9 33,265 6,420,544 512,721 59,749,000 71.1 196 1-62 . . . 10,768,972 9,816,755 1,152,217 512,006,000 89.7

1943-44 . . . . 6,030,617 5,584,656 445,961 59,449,000 63.8 Fall 1963 . 12,255,496 10,935,536 1,319,960 513,499,000 90.8 1945-48.... 6.237,133 5,664,528 572,605 59,056,000 68.9 Fall 1965 . 13,020,823 11,657,808 1,363,015 514,104,000 92.3 1947-48 .... 6,305,168 5,675,937 629,231 58,841,000 71.3 Fell 1969 14,518,301 13,084,301 '1,4 34,000 515,460,000 93.9 Fall 1970'. . 14,840,000 13,400,000 1,440000 515,816,000 93.8

"Unless otherwise indicated, includes enrollment in subcollegiate departments of

institutions of higher educe ion and in residential schools for exceptional children. Beginning in 1949.50, also includes Federel schools,

2Includes all persons residing in the United States, but excludes Armed Forces

overseas. Data shown are actual figures from the decennial censuses of population unless otherwise indicated,

3Excludes enrollment in subcollegiate departments of institutions of higher

education and in residential schools for exceptional children. 4 Data for 1927.28. 5Estimated by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 preceding the opening of the

school year.

27

'Estimated,

'Preliminary data.

NOTE: Beginning in 1959-60, includes Alaske and Hawaii.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States, chapters on Statistical

Summ.ry of Education; and "unpablished data available in the Office of Education. 1. 0
Table 32.--Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school

statistics: United States, 1869.70 to 1967.68

Item 1869.70 187960 1889.90 1899.1900 1909.10 1919.20

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Population, pupils, and Instructional staff

Ts till population' (thousands) 39,818 50,156 62,949 76,995 90,492 104,512

Pos ',lotion aged 5.17 years, Inclusive' (thousands) 12,065 15,066 18,543 21,573 24,009 27,556

Percent of total population aged 5-1'7 30.3 30.0 29.6 28.4 26.6 26.4 Total enrollment In elementary and secondary day schools (thousands) 6,872 9,86'7 12,723 16,503 17,814 21,578

Nursery, kindergarten, and grades 1.8 (thousands) 6,?97 9,757 12,620 14,984 16,899 19,378

Grades 912 and postgraduates (thousands) 81 110 203 619 916 2,200

Percent of total population enrolled 17.3 19.7 20.2 20.4 19.7 20.8 Percent of population 5.17 years enrolled 57.0 66.5 68.6 71.9 74.2 78.3 Percent of total enrollment In high schools (grades 9.12 and postgraduates) 1.2 1.1 1.6 3.3 5.1 10.2 High school graduates (thousands) - - 22 62 111 231 Average daily attendance (thousands) 4,077 6,144 8,154 10,633 12,827 16,150

Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled It iousands) 539,053 800,720 1,098,233 1,534,823 2,011,4'7'7 2,615,161

Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily 69.3 62.3 64.1 68.6 72.1 74.8 Average length of school term (in days) 132.2 130.3 134.'7 144.3 157.5 161.9 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled 78.4 81.1 86.3 99.0 113.0 121.2 Total instructional staff 'thousands) - - - - - - - 678 Supervisors (thousands) - . .. 7 Principals (thousands)

.3

- - - - - - 14 Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervi,..ry instructional staff (thousands) 201 28'7 364 423 523 657 Men (thousands) 78 123 126 12'7 110 93 Women (thousands) 123 164 238 296 413 565 Percent men 38.7 42.8 34.5 29.9 21.1 14.1 Finance Amounts In thousands of dollars (unadjusted)

Total revenue receipts $143,195 $219,766 $433,064 $970,120 From State taxes and appropriations $26,345 $37,887 $64,605 $134,279 From intermediate and local taxes and appropriations $97,222 $149,487 $312,222 $758,897 From all other sources $1962'7 $32,392 $56,238 $76,945 Percent of revenue receipts derived from:

State taxes and appropriations 18.4 1'7.2 14.9 13.8

Intermediate and local taxes and appropriations 67.9 68.0 72.1 78.2 All other sources . 13.7 14.8 13.0 8.0 Total expenditures for all schools $63,397 $78,095 $140,507 $214,965 $426,250 $1,036,151 Current expenditures for elementary :ondary day schools $114,300 $179.514 $356.272 $861,120 Capital outlay $26,20'7 $35,451 $69.978 $153,543

Interest on school debt - - - - - - - - - - - $18,212 Other expenditures $3,2'7'7 Percent of total expenditures devoted to:

Current expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools 81.3 33.5 83.6 83.1 Capital outlay 18.'7 16.5 16.4 14.8

Interest on school debt - - 1.0 Other expenditures' .3 Data it unadjusted dollars

Average annual salary of total instructional staff. $189 $195 $252 $325 $485 $871 Personal income' per member of the labor force' - - - - - - - - Total expenditure for all schools per capita of tuts' population 1.59 1.56 2.23 2.83 4.71 9.91 National income' per capita of total population - - Current expendituff6 per pupil in A.D.A .9 - - 1 013.99 101667 11327.,t5 53.32 Total expenditure for day sci, sit per pupil in A.D.A. 15.55 12.71 17.23 20.21 33.23 64.16 National income per pupil in A.D.A.

Current expenditure per day '2 per pupil in A.D.A. - 13:ic; 50.12 5018 - - - -

.33 Total expenditure for day schools per day per pupil in A.D.A. .12 .10 .13 .14 .21 .40 Data in adjusted dollars-1967-68 purchasing power

Average annual salary of total instructional staff $1,554 Personal income per member of the labor force - - Tote' Ixpenditure for all schools per capita of total population 17.68 National income per capita of total populatio -

- - Current expenditure per pupil in A.D.A. 95.15 Total expenditure for day schools per pupil in A.D.A. 114.49 National income per pupil in A.D.A.

- - - Current expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. .59 Total expenditure for day schools per day per pupil in A.D.A. .71 Data on population and labor force are from the Bureau of the Census, and

data on personal income and national income from the Office of Business

Economics, U.S. Department of Commerce. 2 Data for 1870.71.

3orior to 1919-20 data are for number of different persni.s employed rather

an number of positions.

"Distribution estimated by the Office of Education.

416 28

5Because of a modification of the scope of "current expenditures for elementary

and secondary day schools," data for 1959-60 and later years are not entirely

comparable with data for prior years.

6Includes summer schools, community colleges, and adult education. Beginning

in 1959.60, also includes community services, formerly classified with "current

expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools."

7Includes supervisors, principals, teachers, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff.
Table 32,-Historical summary of public elementary and secondary school

statistics: United States, 1869.70 to 1967.68-Continued

1929.30 1939.40 194950 1959-60 1965.66 1967.68 Item

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Population, pupils, and Instructional staff

121,770 130,880 148,665 179,323 193,795 197,863 Total population) (thousands)

31,417 30,150 30,168 43,881 49,995 51,584 Population aged 5.17 years, Inclusive' (thousands) 25.8 23.0 20.3 24.5 25.8 26.1 Percent of total population aged 5.17

25,678 25,434 25,111 36,087 42,835 43,891 Total enrollment in elementary and secondary day schools (thousands)

21,279 18,833 19,387 27,602 31,177 31,642 Nursery, kindergarten, and grades 1.8 (thousands) 4,399 6,601 5,725 8,485 11,658 12,250 Grades 9.12 and postgraduates (thousands) 21.1 19.4 16.9 20.1 22.1 22.2 Percent of total population enrolled

81.7 84.4 83.2 82.2 85.7 85.1 Percent of population 5.17 years enrolled

17.1 26.0 22.7 23.5 27.2 27.9 Percent of total enrollment in high schools (grades 9.12 and postgraduates) 592 1,143 1,063 1,627 2,327 2,395 High ;hoot graduates (thousands)

21,265 22,042 22,284 32,477 39,154 40,828 Average daily attendance (thousands)

3,672,785 3,858,012 3,964,354 5,781,774 7,005,500 7,300,330 Total number of days attended by all pupils enrolled (thousands) 82.8 86.7 88.7 90.0 91.4 91.3 Percent of enrolled pupils attending daily 172.7 175.0 177.9 178.0 178.9 178.8 Average length of school term On days) 143.0 151.7 157.9 160.2 163.5 163.2 Average number of days attended by each pupil enrolled

880 912 962 1,464 1,885 2,071 Total instructional staff (thousands) 7 5 9 14 22 29 Supervisors (thousands) 31 32 39 64 77 86 Principals (thousands) 843 875 914 1 387 14786 1,957 Teachers, librarians, and other nonsupervisory instructional staff3(thousands) 140 195 195 4402 568 4 616 Men (thousands) 703 681 719 4985 41,218 41,341 Women (thousands) 16.6 22.2 21.3 429.0 31.8 431.5 Percent men Amounts in thousands of dollars (unadjusted) Finance $2,088,557 $2,260,527 $5,437,044 $14,746,618 $25,356,858 $31,903,064 Total revenue receipts $329,312 $658,983 $2,122,763 $5,458,943 $9,608,846 $11,998,774 From State taxes and appropriations

$1,645,688 $1,490,425 $2,900,561 $8,031,854 $12,939,080 $16,099,100 From intermediate and local taxes and appropriations $113,557 $111,119 $413,720 $1,255,821 $2,808,933 $3,805,194 From all other sources Percent of revenue receipts derived from: 15.8 29.2 39.0 37.0 37.9 37.6 State taxes and appropriations 78.8 65.9 53.4 54.5 51.0 50.5 Intermediate and local taxes and appropriations 5.4 4.9 7.6 C.5 11.1 11.9 All other sources $2,316,790 $2,344,049 $5,837,643 $15,613,255 $26,248,026 $32,977,182 Total expenditures for all schools $1,843,552 $1,941,799 $4,687,274 5$12,329,389 5$21,053,280 5$26,877,162 Current expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools $370,878 $257,974 $1,014,176 $2,661,786 $3,754,862 $4,255,791 Capital outlay $92,536 $130,909 $100,578 $489,514 $791,580 $977,810 Interest on school debt $9,825 $13,367 $35,614 $132,557 $648,304 $866,419 Other expenditures°

Percent of total expenditures devoted to: 79.6 82.8 80.3 579.0 580.2 581.5 Current expenditures for elementary and secondary day schools 16.0 11.0 17.4 17.0 14.3 12.9 Capital outlay 4.0 5.6 1.7 3.1 3.0 3.0 Interest on school debt

.4 .6 .6 .8 2.5 2.6 Other expenditures°

Data in unadjusted dollars

$1,420 $1,441 $3,010 $5,174 $6,935 $7,630 Average annual salary of total instructional state

1,634 1,356 3,400 5,413 7,272 7,660 Personal income' per member of the labor force' 19.03 17.91 39.27 87.07 135.44 166.67 Total expenditure for all schools per capita of total population

667 587 1,520 2,272 3,019 3,424 National income' per capita of total population

86.70 88.09 208.83 375.14 537.35 658.26 Current expenditure° per pupil in A.D.A .9

108.49 105.74 258.85 472.17 653.81 786.44 Total expenditure' I for day schools per pupil in A.D,A, 3,845 3,502 10,312 12,547 14,943 16,697 National income per pupil in A.D.A.

.50 .50 1.17 2.11 3.00 3.68 Current expenditure per day12 per pupil in A.D.A.

.63 .60 1.46 2.65 3.65 4.40 Total expenditure for day schools per day per pupil in A.D.A.

Data in adjusted dollars--1967-68 purchasing power

$2,821 $3,508 $4,324 $5,990 $7,388 $7,630 Average annual salary of total instructional staff 3,247 3,301 4,884 6,267 7,747 7,660 Personal income per member of the labor force

37.81 43.60 56.41 100.81 144.28 166.67 Total expenditure for all schools per capita of total population

1,325 1,429 2,183 2,631 3,216 3,424 National Income per capita of total population

172.26 214.45 299.96 434.34 572.44 658.26 Current expenditure per pupil in A.D.A. 215.56 257.42 371.81 546.68 696.50 786.44 Total expenditure for day schools per pupil in A.D.A. 7,640 8,525 14,812 14,527 15,919 16,697 National income per pupil in A.D.A.

.99 1.22 1.68 2.44 3.20 3.68 Current expenditure per day per pupil in A.D.A. 1.25 1.46 2.10 3.07 3.89 4.40 Total expenditure for day schools per day per pupil in A.D.A.

°Excludes current expenditures not allocable to pupil costs. "Per-day rates derived by dividing annual rates by average length of term.

9"A.D,A," means average daily attendance in elementary and secondary day NOTE: Beginning in 1959.60, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Because of rounding, schools. detail may not add to totals. "'includes interest on school debt. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educe- I 1 The expenditure figure used here is the sum of current expenditures allocable !ion, Statistics of State School Systems. to pupil costs, capital outlay, and interest on school debt.

29
Table 31-Selected statistics of loca public school systems, by enrollment size: United States, fall 19691

Item Total Enrollment site o school system

26,000 Or more 10,000 to

24,999

5,000 to

9,999 2.500 to4,999

300 to

2,499 Under 300

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of operating school systems .. 17,980 180 538 1,098 2,026 7,911 6,229

Number of pupils enrolled 45,521,778 13,475,792 8,098,168 7,643,252 7,185,434 8,509,353 609,777

Elementary 27,348,406 8,105,507 4,763,114 4,566,242 4,331,558 5,128,0 28 451,956

Secondary 18,175,370 5,370,284 3,335,054 3,077,010 2,853,876 3,381,328 157,820 Classroom teachers 1,902,248 538,038 335,989 321,343 299,584 372,884 34,412

Elementary 1,069,767 306,268 184,619 178,802 168,647 207.510 23,923

Secondary 832,481 231,770 151,370 142,541 130,937 165,374 10,489

Average pupil- teacher ratio: Both levels 24 25 24 24 24 23 18 Elementary 26 28 26 26 26 25 19 Secondary 22 23 22 22 22 20 15 Revenue receipts, total' $33,391,725 $10,290,935 $5,912,640 $5,780,734 $5,112,404 $5,789,775 $505,037 From local sources' 17,603,304 5,547,665 3,118,480 3,038,357 2,623,195 2,988,532 287,075 From intermediate sources' 478,287 60,459 68,208 79,043 44,529 177,790 48,238 From State sources' 12,896,804 3,81 2,733 2,34 4,983 2,268,165 2,095,806 2,234,929 140,188 From Federal sources' 2,413,350 870,078 381,169 395,169 348,874 388,524 29,536

Current expenditures' 29,162,743 9,057,842 5,16 2,897 4,931,058 4,44 1,120 5,136,502 433,324

Allocated to pupil costs' 2'1,164,622 8,678,262 5,007,826 4,785,760 4,296,175 4,975,002 421,599

Other current expenditures' 998,121 379,580 155,071 145,298 144,945 161,500 11,725

Average daily membership

current expenditures per pupil In

average daily membership

44,531,331

$632.47

13,054,325

$664.78

7,853,952

$637.62

7,595,560

$630.07

6,892,504

$623.31

8,497,393

$585.47

637.596

$661.23

Financial statistics and average daily membership are for school year 1968-69.

In thousands of dollars. NOTE. - Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educe ion, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Local Public School Systems, Fall 1969, Pupils and Staff,

and Statistics of Local Public School Systems, Finances, 1968-69.

Table 34,-Enrollment in special education programs for exceptional children:

United States, February 1963 and 1966

Area of exceptionality' 1963 19662 Total enrollment Local public

schools Public and private

residential schools Total enrollment Local public

schools Public and privateresidential schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 1,882,351 1,670,370 111,981 2,106,200 1,978,900 127,300

Visually handicapped 21,531 13,962 7,569 23,300 15,400 7,900

Deaf and hard of hearing 45,594 28,551 17,043 51,400 32,700 18,700

Speech impaired 802,197 802,197 (31 989,500 989,500 - - - Crippled and special health problems 64,842 64,842 13) 69,400 69,400 - - Emotionally and socially maladjusted 79,587 30,871 48,716 87,900 32,200 55,700

Mentally retarded 431,890 393,237 38,653 540,100 495,100 45,000

Other handicapping conditions 22,039 22,039 (3) 32,500 32,500 - - Gifted 214,671 214,671 (3) 312,100 312,100

'Pupils are reported according to the major type of exceptionality for which they

are receiving special education.

2Estimated by the Office of Education.

3Not included in survey of residential schools.

30

4Includes education programs in public hospitals for the mentally Ill.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educe

tion, unpublished data from the survey of "Special Education for Exceptional

Children."
Table 35.-Selected statistics on public elementary and secondary schools in large cities: 1969.71 ----- -

Fall 1970 _ --- --- 1970.71 High school Estimated annual Estimated average

City Pupil. graduates, current °spun& annual salary Enrollment Classroom teacher 1969.70 ture per pupil in

Total instruc Classroom teachers ratio average doily attendance tional staff teachers

1 2 3 4 5 6 -.

7 8

e Baltimore, Md 192,826 8.547 22.6 7,261 973 9,585 9,516

Boston, Mass. 97,352 4,107 23.7 4,110 1.036 9,900 9.368 Chicago, III. 563,178 27,591 20.4 20,735 1,124 12,290 10,650

Cleveland, Ohio 150,818 5,694 26.5 7,293 950 10,500 9.658 Dallas, Tex. 160,224 5.903 27.1 8,197 650 10,000 8,700

Detroit, Mich ' 292,934 110,020 129.2 111 '722 01 111 Houston, Tee 239,410 9,034 26.5 10,991 623 10,148 8,920

Los Angeles. Calif 648,986 28,584 22.7 39,489 869 11,975 11.355 Milwaukee, Wis. 132,976 5,921 22.5 7,818 901 10,900 10,700

New Orleans, La 109,851 4,550 24.1 4,999 779 9,050 8,850

New York, N.Y. 1,120,082 61,913 18.1 50,500 1,461 12,200 11,300

Philadelphia, Po. 295,888 12,157 24.3 13,128 1,247 12,000 10,000

San Francisco, Calif. 90.034 4,712 19.1 5,602 1,125 12,490 12,186

St. Louis, Mo 113,484 4,153 27.3 4,084 986 10,254 9,929

Washington, D.0 145,704 7,486 19.5 4,980 '1,046 10,782 10,558 Fail 1968 data.

'Data not available.

'Data for 1967.68.

'Eit mated by the Office of Education.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educeti 1, Fall Statistics of Public Schools, 1970.

Table 36.-Number and percen of public school pupils transported at public

expense, and current expenditures for transportation:

United States, 1929.30 to 1969-70

School year Total enrollment

Pupils transported at public

expense Expenditu e of public funds Number Percent of total enrollment

Total,

excluding

capital outlay

lin thousands)

Average

cost per

pupil transported

1 2 3 4 5 6 1929-30 25,678,015 1,902,826 7.4 $54,823 $28.81

1931-32 26,275,441 2,419,173 9.2 58,078 24.01 1933.34 26,434,193 2,794,724 10.6 53,908 19.29

1935.36 26,367,098 3,250,658 12.3 62,653 19.27

1937-38 25975,108 3,769,242 14.5 75,637 20.07

1939-40 2' 433,542 4,144,161 16.3 83,283 20.10

1941-42 44,562,473 4,503,081 18.3 92,922 20.64

1943-44 23,266,616 4,512,412 19.4 107,754 23.88

1945-46 23,299,941 5,056,966 21.7 129,756 25.66

1947-48 23 944,532 5,854,041 24.4 176,265 30.11

1949-50 2' , I 11,427 6,947,384 27.7 214,504 30.88

1951.52 26,562,664 7,697,130 29.0 268,827 34.93

1953-54 125,643,871 18,411,719 32.8 307,437 136.55

1955-56 127,740,149 19,695,819 35.0 353,972 136.51 1957-58 129,722,275 110,861,689 36.5 416,491 138.34

1959-60 132,477,440 112,225,142 37.6 486,338 139.78

1961-62 134,682,340 113,222,667 38.1 576,361 143.59

1963-64 '37,405,058 114,475,778 38.7 673,845 '46.55

1965.66 139,154,497 115,536,567 39.7' 787,358 150.68 196768 140,827,965 117,130,873 42.0 981,006 157.27

1969.702 142,530,000 118,300,000 43.0 1,170,000 164.00

'Pupils in average daily attendance. 2Estimated. 31SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, Statistics of State School Systems, and

unpublished data.
Table 37.-Summary statistics on Catholic elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1919.20 to 1969.70

School year

1

Number of schools Enrollment Instructional staff Elementary

2 Secondary 3 Elementary Secondary Elementary6 Secondary 4 5 7 1919.20 6,551 1,552 1,795,673 129,848 41,592 7,924 1929.30 7,923 2,123 2,222,598 241,869 58,245 14,307

1939 .40 7,944 2,105 2,035,182 361,123 60.081 20,976

1949.50 8,689 2,189 2,560,815 505,572 66,525 27,770 Fall 1960 10,601 2,392 4,373,422 880,369 108,169 43,733 Fal1.1962 10,646 2,502 4,485,221 1,009,126 112,199 46,880 Fall 1964 10,832 2,417 4,533,771 1,066,748 117,854 53,344 1967.68 10,350 2,277 4,105,805 1,092,521 '129,800 '58,000

1968.69 10,113 2,192 3,859,709 1,080,891 '131,200 '59,400

1969.70 9,695 2,076 3,607,168 1,050,930 '133,200 '62,200

Includes estimates for the nonrepurting school .

SOURCE: National Catholic Educational Association, A Statistical Report on Catholic Elementary and Secondary Schools for the

Years 1967.68 to 1969-70, as compiled from the Official Catholic Directory. (Copyright 0 1970 by the National Catholic Educational

Association. All rights reserved.(

Table 38.-Enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by

church relationship and by region: 1965.66

Church relationship United States New

England Mideast Greet Lakes Plains Southeast Southwest Rocky Mountains Far West Outlying

areas

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All nonpublic elementary schools 4,928,882 365,991 1,584,898 1,363,948 481,618 438,887 194,807 65,386 453,147 51,120 Non-church-related 161,622 15,463 60,889 15,334 5,540 42,420 8,925 1,763 31,288 5,378

Churchrelated 4,747.060 350,528 1,524,009 1,348,614 456,078 396,467 185,882 63,623 421,859 45,742

Baptist 19,287 - 2,800 658 - 6,459 2,457 264 . 6,649 1,386

Christian Reformed 30,065 142 1,118 18,873 4,101 948 538 987 3,358 - Friends 5,533 490 4,675 - 290

Jewish 42,091 1,769 34,754 2,379 494 1,213 353 176 953 - Lutheran 171,698 1,159 13,399 81,573 35,493 8,977 9,722 3,433 17,842 - - - Methodist 3,528 - - 360 - 12 1,434 590 - - 1,132 953 Presbyterian 2,795 - 166 37 2,025 479 - - - 88 191 Protestant Episcopal 30,633 675 7,454 374 820 9,691 5,944 505 5,170 1,148 Roman Catholic 4,370,277 344,966 1,449,003 1,236,325 412,431 353,540 161,096 55,446 357,465 40,303

Seventhday Adventist 44,487 1,085 5,324 6,017 2,058 6,619 2,127 1,929 19,328 648 Other church-related 26,766 242 4,951 2,415 632 5,271 2,576 883 9,796 1,113

All nonpublic secondary schools 1,376,090 149,340 431,269 338,780 126,238 137,793 43,935 18,634 130,111 16,287 Non-church-related 159,648 45,210 42,429 14,646 4,896 31,037 5,369 1,188 14,873 3,639

Churchrelated 1,216,442 104,130 388,830 324,134 121,342 106,756 38,566 17,446 115,238 12,648

Baptist 5,902 267 464 827 2,948 488 131 777 26 Christian Reformed 12,210 53 523 7,786 1,421 813 69 361 1,184 Friends 5,039 678 3,898 100 134 45 89 95 - Jewish 10,498 300 8,773 1,010 84 141 - 8 182 - - Lutheran 16,923 1,535 9,380 3,481 287 '94 520 1,426 Methodist 2,094 - 713 - - 26 802 626 - 27 425 Presbyterian 1,971 310 89 729 570 170 103 - - Protestant Episcopal 17,949 3,289 3,648 593 949 4,739 1,369 158 3,204 241 Roman Catholic 1,111,048 98,615 364,172 300,998 112,598 89,326 32,883 14,558 98,098 11,362

Seventh-day Adventist 18,116 586 1,854 2,340 902 2,571 1,573 934 7,356 188 Other churchrelated 14,692 342 2,940 1,100 1,658 4,355 994 517 2,786 406 NOTE.-The regional designations are as follows:

New England-Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. Mideast-Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, New Jersey, New York,

Pennsylvania.

Great Lakes-Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Wisconsin.

Plains-Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota. 32

Southeast-Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia.

Southwest-Arizona, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas.

Rocky Mountains-Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Utah, Wyoming.

Far West-Alaska, California, Hawaii, Nevada, Oregon, Washington.

Outlying areas-Canal Zone, Guam, Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Virgin Islands.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1965-66.
Table 39.-Enrollment in nonpublic elementary and secondary schools, by State:

1965.66 State Total elementary

and secondary enrollment

Elementary enrollment Secondary enrollment Total In elementary

schools only

In combined

schools Total In secondary

schools only

In combined

schools

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 United States 6,304,772 4,928,682 4,428,438 502,244 1,378,090 1,077,387 298,703 Alebama 30,350 22,855 19,345 3,510 7,495 5,096 2,399 Aleska 2,459 1,535 1,275 260 924 801 123 Arizona 34,578 27,520 25,957 1,663 7,058 5,352 1,706 Arkansas 13,252 10,039 8,000 2,039 3,213 1,331 1,882 California 451,328 354,207 326,444 27,763 97,121 81,044 16,077 Colorado 45,318 35,058 27,731 7,327 10,260 5,343 4,917 Connecticut 124,249 86,983 75,636 11,347 37,266 33,176 4,090 Delaware 20,534 15,218 11,276 3,942 5,316 2033 3,283

District of Columbia 23,082 15,354 12,240 3,114 7,728 6017 1,711 Florida 94,381 77,472 68,972 8,500 16,909 12,816 4,093

Georgia 29,147 19,923 f6,989 2,934 9,224 6,038 3,186 Hawaii 29,970 19,916 14,354 5,562 10,054 3,840 6,214

Idaho 9,311 7,934 7,129 605 1,377 1,133 244

Illinois 553,194 443,817 428,237 15,580 109,377 99,872 9,505

Indiana 141,737 115,515 112,080 3,435 26,222 24,470 1,752

Iowa 99,954 74,994 84,317 10,677 24,960 19,733 5,227 Kansas 51,249 39,767 37,178 2,589 11,482 10,267 1,215

Kentucky 93,428 71,366 65,240 6,126 22,062 16,729 5,333

Louisiana 142,822 112,748 91,426 21,322 30,074 19,854 10,220 Maine 31,199 19,471 16,635 2,836 11,728 10,194 1,534

Maryland 138,545 108,046 94,663 13,383 30,499 2 ,980 8,519 Massachusetts 256,544 184,632 145,547 39,085 71,912 52,906 19,006

Michigan 353,730 276,448 212,847 63,601 77,282 42,751 34,531 Minnesota 163,299 133,948 123,964 9,984 29,351 23,459 5,892

Mississippi 21,521 16,056 10,125 5,931 5,465 2,403 3,062 Missouri 176,263 139,190 130,215 8,975 37,073 30.466 6,607 Montana 19,093 14,850 13,728 1,122 4,243 3,658 585

4ebraska 59,212 45,255 35,389 9,866 13,957 8,054 5,903

4eyada 4,813 3,785 3,785 0 1,028 1,028 0 4ew Hampshire 35,643 24,980 23,575 1,405 10,663 10,030 633

Jew Jersey 328,225 265,808 246,746 19,062 62,417 48,079 14,338

Jew Mexico 24,587 19,458 16,026 3,432 5,129 3,096 2,033

hew York 904,430 714,508 656,948 57,560 189,922 151,731 38,191 Vortft Carolina 22,603 17,770 14,296 3,474 4,833 3,532 1,301 Vorth Dakota 19,334 14,452 12,089 2,363 4,882 3,623 1,259

)hio 381,571 298,044 285,135 12,909 83,527 74,719 8,808

)klahoma 18,552 14,909 11,563 3,346 3,843 2,026 1,617

)regon 35,397 27,786 24,708 3,078 7,611 6,230 1,381

'ennsylyania 601,341 465,964 426,892 39,072 135,377 112,560 22,817 Mode Island 50,891 40,167 26,487 13,680 10,724 7,090 3,634

south Carolina 16,424 12,433 8,885 3,548 3,991 1,499 2,492

south Dakota 18,545 14,012 10,414 3,598 4,533 2,726 1,807

Tennessee 35,167 22,656 19,476 3,181 12,511 8,871 3,640

rexas 161,025 132,920 117,253 15,667 28,105 17,356 10,749

itch 6,239 4,296 3,616 680 1,943 1,278 665

lermont 16,805 9,758 8,429 1,329 7,047 6,215 832

tirginia 62,884 44,384 32,514 11,870 18,500 10,596 7,904

Vashington 59,291 45,918 38,143 7,775 13,373 8,947 4,426

Vest Virginia 14,701 11,185 10,348 837 3,516 2,f93 823 Visconsin 272,496 230,124 230,124 0 42,372 42,372 0 Vyoming 4,059 3,248 2,048 1,200 811 274 537

lutlying arm: Canal Zone 764 764 764 0 0 0 0 Guam 5,313 3,825 1,688 2,137 1,488 864 624 Puerto Rico 55,586 41,761 17,834 23,927 13,825 4,312 9,513

Virgin Islands 4,243 3,591 2,118 1,473 652 273 379 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of Nonpublic Elementary and Secondary Schools, 1965.66.

33
Table 40.-Estimated enrollment In nonpublic elementary and

secondary schools, by State: Fall 1971 State Total Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 United States 6,600,000 4,200,000 1,400,000 Alabama 25,900 17,100 8,800 Alaska 1,700 1,200 500 Arizona 24,800 17,100 7,700 Arkansas 10,900 7,600 3,300 California 409,000 307,200 101,800 Colorado 38,000 27,600 10,400

Connecticut 116,800 75,500 41,300 Delaware 17,600 14,000 3,600

District of Columbia 21,700 13,600 8,100 Florida 109,200 79,000 30,200

Georgia 28,500 18,500 10,000 Hawai I 28,100 17,400 10,700

Idaho 7,400 5,800 1,600

Illinois 482,400 367,700 114,700

Indiana 123,400 97,200 26,200

Iowa 84,000 61,600 22,400 Kansas 43,000 33,100 9,900

Kentucky 75,900 54,800 21,100

Louisiana 128,900 97,300 31,600 Maine 25,500 15,500 10,000

Maryland 127,400 96,200 31,200 Massachusetts 234,600 162,900 71,700

Michigan 251,200 193,400 57,900 Minnesota 129,500 101,900 27,600

Mississippi 20,100 15,200 4,900 Missouri 163,100 124,200 38,900 Montana 13,900 10,100 3,800 Nebraska 45,400 32,300 13,100 Nerved' 5,100 3,900 1,200

New Hampshire 33,100 22,100 11,000

New Jersey 313,300 242,200 71,100 New Mexico 18,100 14,900 3,200 New York 837,100 639,900 197,200

North Carolina 19,700 16,700 4,000 North Dakota 14,500 10,300 4,200 Ohio 364,300 276,600 87,700 Oklahoma 12,100 9,100 3,000

Oregon 33,600 24,800 8,800

Pennsylvania 564,600 418,400 146,200 Rhode Island 45,100 35,000 10,100 South Carolina 21,400 15,500 5,900 South Dakota 12,900 9,700 3,200

Tennessee 34,400 21,600 12,800

Texas 111,000 87,200 23,800 Utah 4,300 3,300 1,000 Vermont 15,700 8,500 7,200

Virginia 57,600 39,500 18,100

Neshington 52,600 38,200 14,400

Nest Virginia 13,500 9,300 4,200 Nisconsin 224,900 186,600 38,300

Nyoming 3,100 2,700 400 Outlying areas 32,500 60,700 21,800 American Samoa 1,400 1,100 300 Canal Zone 500 400 100 Guam 5,400 4,100 1,300 Puerto Rico 70,400 51,200 19,200

Virgin Islands 4,800 3,900 900 SOURCE: Estimated by the Office of Education.

34

Table 41.-Enrollment of 3, 4, and 5yearold children in

preprimary programs, by age and by type of program:

United States, October 1970

(Numbers in thousands] Enrollment status and

type of program

Total 3.5.years old

3 years 4 years old

5 years old

1 2 3 4 5 Enrollment status Total population 10,949 3,516 3,620 3,814 Percent 100.0 100,0 100,0 100.0 Enrolled 37.5 12.9 27.8 69.3 Not enrolled In these programs 62.5 87.1 72.2 30.7 Type of program

Total enrolled 4,104 454 1,007 2,643 Percent 100.0 100.0 19:.1.0 100.0 Prekindergarten 26.7 95.2 56.7 3.4 Public 8.1 24.2 17.5 1.7 Nonpublic 18.6 70.9 39.2 1.7 Kindergarten 73.3 4.8 43.2 96.6 Public 60.9 2.6 31.6 82.0 Nonpublic 12.5 2.2 11.6 14.5 NOTE.-Excluded from this table are 412,000 5yeer-olds In elementary schools

above the kindergarten level and 175,000 6year-olds in preprimary programs.

Because of rounding, Lletail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Preprimary Enrollment of Children Under Six: October 1970.

Table 42,-Percent of public secondary schools offering, and

percent of students enrolled in, selected subjects:

United States, 1969-70

Field and subject

Public secondary schools'

Percent offering

subject Percent of students enrolled

1 2 3 Mathematics: Introductory algebra 92.4 13.6

Introductory geometry 64.9 7.9 All advanced mathematics 68.0 9.1 All other mathematics 95.8 34.0 Science: General science 69.2 19.5 Bi 74.7 16.5 Chemistry 57.3 6.0 Physics 51.8 2.5 Earth-space sciences 35.5 7.1 All other natural and

physical aci "nc 53.3 10.2 Social studies: History 90.9 43.7 Economics 44.5 4.4 Sociology 31.3 2.6 Psychology 20.7 1.8 All other social studies 85.1 28.4 Environmental health' 22.4 9.7 Remedial reading' 62.1 6.4

' Includes junior high schools, senior high schools, juniorsenior high schools, and

regular 4-year high schools.

'Excludes data for combined elementary-secondary schools.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, preliminary data from the sample survey of School Staffing.
Table 43. -E nrollment in foreign languages in public and nonpublic

secondary schools: United States, fall 1964

Language Enrollment Percentage

distribution Percent of total secondary school enroll. mint

1 2 3 4 ALL SCHOOLS,

All foreign languages 5,023,708 100.0 29.9 Modern foreign languages 4,045,821 80.5 24.1 Spanish 1,874,359 37.3 11.2 French 1,753,274 34.9 10.4 German 346,298 6.9 2.,

Italian 32,105 .6 .2 Russian 25,808 .5 .2 Other languages 13,977 .3 .1 Latin 977.887 19.5 5.8 PUBLIC SCHOOLS

All foreign languages 4,125,530 100.0 28.5 Modern foreign languages 3,516,176 85.2 22.5 Spanish 1,690,221 41.0 10.8 French 1,447,010 35.1 9.3 German 313,430 7.6 2.0

Italian 27,709 .7 .2 Russian 23,829 .6 .2 Other languages 13,977 .3 .1 Latin 609,354 14.8 3.9

Includes public school enrollment plus an estimate for the nonpublic schools.

NOTE: Includes enrollment in 7th and 8th grades which are administratively

organized as part of secondary schools.

SOURCE: Modern Language Association of America, Foreign Language Offerings

and Enrollments in Secondary Schools, Fall 1964.

Table 44.-Enrollment in science and mathematics courses in public

high schools compared with total enrollment in grades 9-12 and

population aged 14.17: United States, 1948-49 to 1962-63

Item

Enrollment, by year Percent of in- crease - 1948.49

ICI 1962.63

1948-49 1954.55, 1958.59I 1962.63'

1 2 3 4 5 6 All science

courses 2,945,000 4,670,000 8,020,000 104 General science 1,074,000 - - 1,581,000 1,827,000 70 Biology 996,000 1,294,000 1,677,000 2,487,000 150 Chemistry 412,000 483,000 657,000 859,000 108 Physics 291,000 303,000 379,000 397,000 37 Other science 172,000 - 376,000 450,000: 161 All mathematics

courses 2,958,000 - - 5,108,000 6,731,000 128 Elementary algebra 1,042,000 1,205,000 1,775,000 2,131,000 105

Intermediate algebra 372,000 432,000 643,000 1,017,000 173 General mathematics 650,000 800,000 1,024,000 1,213,000 87 Plane geom et ry 599,000 664,000 979,000 1,454,000 143 Solid geometry 94,000 147,000 106,000 73,000 -22 Trigonometry 109,000 170,000 220,000 204,000 87 Other mathematics .. 92,000 - -- 361,000 639,000 595 Total enrollment grades 9.12 5,399,000 6,583,000 7,841,001 10,050,000 86 Population age

group 14-172 '9,703,000 9,012,000 10,635,000 12,522,000 44

I Enrollment estimates based on sample survey.

2 Data from Bureau of the Census, "Current Population Reports," Series P-20, No.

127, and Series P-25, No. 193.

NOTE: Data are for 48 States and District of Columbia prior to 1962-63.

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Offerings and Enrollments in Science and Mathematics in Public High

Schools, 1962.

35

Table 45.-Enrollment in science and mathematics courses

in public high schools, by sex: United States, 1964.65 Course Number of students enrolled Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 All science courses 7,243,800 3,892,100 3,351,500 General science 2,175,900 1,143,000 1,032,900

Etiology 2,694,400 1,333,400 1,361,000

Chemistry 1,084,600 606,100 478,500

Physics 526,200 382,200 144,000 Other science courses 762,500 427,400 335,100 All mathematics courses 7,498,300 4,149,500 3,348,800 General mathematics 1,786,000 985,300 819,700

Elementary algebra 2,260,000 1,183,700 1,076,300

Intermediate and advanced algebra' 1,055,300 607,100 448,200

Plane geometry 1,536,600 831,700 703,900

Solid geometry 84,900 58,800 26,100

Trigonometry 231,100 152,300 78,800 Other mathematics courses 544,400 350,600 193,800

I Includes enrollment in combined algebra and trigonometry courses.

2 Includes enrollment in combined plane and solid geometry courses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, unpublished data from the survey of "Offerings and Enrollments in Science

and Mathematics in Public High Schools."

Table 46.-Enrollment in selected subjects in public :shoots related to

total enrollment in the grades in which the subjects are usually offered:

United States, 1960.61

Field and subject Grade Enrollment Number Percent'

1 2 3 4 English: Grade 9 9 2,397,708 98.2 Grade 10 10 2,072,940 97.8 Grade 11 11 1,838,189 96.1 Grade 12 12 1,469,897 84.2 College level English 12 9,220 .5 Honors courses 12 2.381 .1 World literature 12 66,701 3.8 Speech and public speaking 11 454,347 23.8 Creative writing 12 38,097 2.2

Journalism 12 136,071 7.8 Social studies: United States history 11 1,994,068 104.3 World history 10 1,471,531 69.4 Civics (elementary) 9 732,609 30.0 Civics (advanced) 12 780,123 44.7 Problems of democracy 12 380,453 21.8 Economics 12 293,175 16.8 Psychology 12 140,377 8.0 Sociology or social problems 12 289,408 16.6 Mathematics: General mathematics (elementary) 9 1,027,205 42.1 General mathematics (advanced) 12 349,989 20.0 Advanced high school or college mathe- matics 12 40,031 2.3 Elementary algebra 9 1,607,356 65.8

Intermediate and advanced algebra 11 741,661 38.8 Plane geometry 10 959,825 45.3 Solid geometry 12 173,196 10.0 Trigonometry 12 246,225 14.1 Trigonometry-algebra, integrated 11 22,995 1.2 Science: General science 9 1,549,271 63.5 1strear biology 10 1,686,318 79.6

1st-year chemistry 11 708,143 37.0

1st-year physics 12 385,148 22.1 Advanced general and physical science 12 276,816 15.9

I The percent is the ratio of the course enrollment to the total enrollment in the

grade where the course is usually offered.

SOURCE:, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office

Education,,SuAject Offerings and Enrollments in Public Secondary Schools. of
Table 47,-Enrollment in federally aided vocational education classes, by type of program and

by level of instruction: United States and outlying areas, fiscal years 1986 to 1970

Level and type

of program

1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 Percentage

change, 19613 to 1970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 All programs 6,070,059 7,047,501 7,533,936 7,979,366 9,793,960 10,2

Secondery 3,048,248 3,532,823 3,842,896 4,079,395 5,114,451 25.4 Postsecondary 442,097 499,906 592,970 706,065 1,013,426 43.5 Adult 2,530,712 2,941,109 2,987,070 3,050,466 2,566,083 .1 2.6 Special needs 49,002 73,663 111,000 143,420 ' 805,384 151 Agriculture 907,354 935,170 851,156 850,705 652,983 0.3 Secondary 510,279 508,675 528,146 536,039 550,823 2.8 Postsecondary 5,98' 8,093 11,036 15,816 23,381 47.8 Adult 398388 413,454 305,357 290,336 278,779 .0

Specie! needs 700 4,948 6,619 8,514 ' 69687 (5) ... - Distributive 420,428 481,034 574,785 563,431 529 365 -6.0 Secondary 101,728 151,378 175,816 184,206 230,007 24.9 Postsecondary 15,833 21,003 44,824 60,718 82,160 35.3 Adult 301,116 303,783 349,730 307,976 217,196 29.5

Special needs 1,749 4,870 4,415 10,531 '44,272 (5) Health 83,677 115,109 140,987 175,101 198,044 13.1 Secondary 9,793 16,734 20,952 23,207 31,915 37.5 Postsecondary 36,496 54,135 64,592 91,922 102,515 11.5 Adult 37,065 42,721 52,865 56,603 63,614 12.4 Special needs 323 1,519 2,578 3,369 '20,179 (5) Home economics 1,897,670 2,186,992 2,283,338

...- 2,44 9,052 2,570,410 5.0 Secondary 1,280,254 1,475,235 1,556,004 1670,347 1,934,059 15.8 Postsecondary 2,652 3,506 4,395 13,490 44,259 228.1 Adult 602,363 685,225 677,478 718,817 592,092 -17.6 Special needs 12,401 23,026 43,461 46,398 ' 233,000 (51 Off ice 1,2 38,043 1,572,335 1,735,997 1,835,124 2,111,160 15.0 Secondary 798,356 985,398 1,059,656 1,122,198 1,331,257 18.6 Postsecondary 165,439 192,639 225,182 218,448 331,001 46.9 Adult 271,149 389,194 443,481 482,160 448,902 -6.9 Special needs 3,087 5,104 7,678 12,318 ' 197,359 (5) Technical 253,838 266,054 269,832 315,311 271,730 -13.8 Secondary 28,865 27,614 36,286 31,833 34,386 8.0 Postsecondary 100,151 97,156 104,746 130,564 151,621 16.1 Adult 124,730 140,431 127,418 151,714 85,723 3.5

Special needs 92 853 1,382 1,200 ' 13,373 I' I

Trades and industry 1,269,051 1,490,807 1,628,542 1,720,859 1,906,133 10.8 Secondary 318,961 367,789 421,719 458,554 692,396 51.0 Postsecondary 115,539 123,374 137,732 174,201 261,182 49.9

Adult 803,901 966,301 1,030,723 1,042,362 952,555 -8.6 Special needs 30,650

... 33,343 38,368 45,742 ' 182,642 (5) Other__

- - - 49,297 69,783 354,135 407.6 Secondary - - - - 42,317 53,011 309,608 (5 1 Postsecondary - - - - - 463 926 17,307 1'1 Adult - - -- 18 498 27,220 (5)

Special needs - - 6,499 15,348 '42,472 (5 )

' Disadvantaged persons, included in distribu ion by level above.

'Percentage not computed.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education,

and unpublished data.

36
Table 48.- Enrollment In federally aided vocational classes, by type of program;

United States and outlying areas, 1920 to 1970

Type of program

Fiscal year Total Agriculture Distributive

occupations 4 Horne economics 6 Trades and

Industry 6 Health occupations

7 Technical education $

Office

occupation.

1 2 3 9

1920 265,058 31,301 - 48,938 184,819

1930 9131,882 188,311 - 174,987 018,604

1940 2,290,741 584,133 129,433 818,766 768,409

1942 2,624,786 605,099 215,049 954,041 860,697

1944 2,001,153 469,959 181,509 808,606 643,080

1946 2,227,663 510,331 174,672 911,816 830,844

1948 2,836,121 640,791 292,936 1,139,766 782,828

1950 3,364,613 764,975 364,870 1,430,306 804,602

1952 3,165,968 748,402 234,984 1,391,389 793,213 - 1964 3,164,861 737,502 220,819 1,380,147 828,583

1956 3,413,159 785,599 257,025 1,486,818 883,719 - . .. 1958 3,629,339 775,892 282,668 1,559922 983,844 27,423

1960 3,768,149 796,237 303,784 1,588,109 938,490 40,260 101,279

1962 4,072,677 822,864 321,065 1,726,680 1,006,383 48,986 148,920 - 1964 4,568,390 860,805 334,128 2,022,138 1,089,274 59,008 221,241

1966 6,070,069 907,354 420,428 1,897,870 1,289,061 83,677 253,838 1,238,043

1968 17,533,936 851,168 574,785 2,283,338 1,828,642 140,987 289,832 1,735,997

1969 27,979,368 850,705 563,431 2,449,052 1,720,860 176,101 316,311 1,835,124

1970 '8,793,960 852,983 529,365 2,570,410 1,906,133 198,044 271,730 2,111,180

Includes 49,297 enrolled in other classes, not classified by type of program.

'Includes 69,783 enrolled in other classes, nest classified by type of program.

'Includes 354,135 enrolled in other classes not classified by type of program.

Table 49.-Teachers of federally aidedvocational education classes,

by type of program: United States and outlying areas,

fiscal year 1966 to 1970

Type of program 1966 1968 1970

1 2 3 4

Total

Agriculture Distributive Health Home economics Office Technical Trades and industry Other

Total

Agriculture Distributive Health Home economics Office Technical Trades and industry Other

Number of teachers 124,042 146,562 1 190,38/

11,765

7,636

3,652

25,943

23,111

8,399

38,736

4,800

12,282

8,542

6,521

29,402

31,428

10,278

47,742

862

12,420

10,458

10,483

34,225

45,081

14,241

56,720

6,738

Percentage distribution

100.0 100.0 100.0 9.5

8.2

2.9

20.9

18.6 6.8

31.2

3.9

8.3

5.8 4.4

20.0

21.4 7.0 32.6

.6

6.5

5.6 18.0 23.7 7.5 29.8

3.5 Unduplicated count. The distribution of teachers by type of program does not

add to total because some teachers taught in more than one program.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education, and unpublished

data. 37

SOURCE: U.S, Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, annual reports on Location., and Technical Education; and unpub

fished data.

Table 50.- Estimated number of classroom teechers in nonpublic

secondary schools, by teaching field: United States, fall 1971

Teaching field Classroom teachers Number Percent 2 3 All fields 811,000 100.0 English 14,600 18.5 Social studies 12,800 14.3 Religion 11,230 12.8 Mathematics 10,- NO 11.4 Foreign languages 5,700 11.0 Health and physical education 0.200 10.5 Science 7,600 8.5 Business education 5,000 5.7 Music 4,600 6.5 Art 1,300 1.5 Horne economics 1,000 1.1

Industrial arts and vocational education .. 800 .7 All other 400 .5 SOURCE: Estimated by the Office of Education.
Table 61.- Estimated number of classroom teachers in nonpublic elementary and

secondary schools, by State: Fall 1971 State Total Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 United States 268,000 170,000 88,000 Alabama 1,320 760 560 Alaska 140 80 60 Arizona 1,320 770 550 Arkansas 610 380 230 California 18,900 12,390 6,510 Colorado 2,120 1,300 820 Connecticut 6,660 3,380 3,280 Delaware 870 600 270 District of Columbia 1,250 660 590 Florida 5,710 3,620 2,090

Georgia 1,840 1,020 820 Hawaii 1,410 740 670

Idaho 370 260 110

Illinois 19,960 13,720 6,240

Indiana 5,500 3.930 1,570

Iowa 4,100 2,840 1,260 Kansas 2,230 1,570 660 Kentucky 3,820 2,450 1,370

Louisiana , 6,160 4,270 1,890 Maine 1,560 750 810

kAeryland 6,400 4,090 2,310 Massachusetts 10,950 6,620 4,330

Michigan 10,550 7,220 3,330 Minnesota 6,380 4,560 1,820

Mississippi 1,200 840 360 Missouri 7,650 4,990 2,660 Montana 700 430 270 Yebraska 2,320 1,400 920 Yevada 220 160 60 Yew Hampshire 1,810 940 870 Yew Jersey 13,360 8,790 4,570

Jew Mexico 950 720 230

Jew York 35,690 24,100 11,590

Jorth Carolina 1,200 850 3.,13 Jorth Dakota 780 530 250

)1110 14,600 9,870 4,730

)klahorne 710 500 210 Oregon 1,680 1,070 610 Pennsylvania 23,340 15,070 8,270

Mode Isla, 1 2,220 1,570 650

knob Carolina 1,350 910 440 mouth Dakota 750 480 270

Tennessee 2,240 1,-40 1,000

Texas 6,290 4,550 1,740 Ash 220 140 80 Vermont 1,000 420 580 Virginia 3,650 2,150 1,500

Washington 2,550 1,640 910 Vest Virginia 690 400 290 Visconsin 10,540 8,120 2.420 Wyoming 160 140 20 Outlying ems 37)0 2,480 1,310

kmerican Samoa 50 30 20

:anal Zone 20 10 11

3uam 190 130 t,.:

'uerto Rico 3,300 2,140 1,160

(irgin Islands 230 170 60 SOURCE: Estimated by the Office of Education.

38
Table 52.-Number of full.tIme and perttImel classroom motion In public alimentary and secondary day schools,

by level and by State: Fall 1970 and fall 1971

8tata Fall 1970 Fall 1971' Total E lemon tory Sin:tindery Total Elementary Secondary

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 United Stings 2,041,115 1,131,774

,--.---_

121,341 2,080,000 1,124,000 168,000 Alabama 33,026 16,145 16,E81 33,400 16,000 17,400 Alaska 3,821 2,349 1472 3,800 2,300 1,600 Arizona 18,772 12,965 5.787 18,900 12,900 6,000 Arkansas 21,222 10,370 10,-52 21,400 10,300 11,100 California 193,000 116,000 77,600 194,400 116,300 79,100 Colorado 23,617 11,968 11,649 23,900 11,900 12,000 Connecticut 31,323 18,216 13,106 31,600 18,100 13,600 Delawera 6,034 3,024 3,010 6,100 3,000 3,100

Dlotrict of Columbia 7,486 4,357 3,129 7,500 4,300 3,200

Florid, 62,419 32,266 30,153 63,000 32,000 31,000

Giorgio 44,007 26,785 17,222 44,300 26,600 17,700

4110/4011 7,986 4,708 3,277 8,100 4,700 3,400

Idaho 8,047 3,785 4,262 8,200 3,800 4,400

Illinois 111,827 74,460 37,337 112,300 73,900 38,400

Indiana 60,421 26,870 24,661 61,000 25,700 26,300

lows 32,658 16,662 16,107 33,000 16,400 16,600

Kansa, 26,884 13,066 12,818 26,200 13,000 13,200

Kentucky 30,180 18,066 12,124 30,400 17,900 12,600

Louisiana 36,486 19,994 16,476 36,800 19,900 16,900 Maine 11,170 7,360 3,790 11,200 7,300 3,900

Maryland 40,810 21,200 19,610 41,300 21,100 20,200 Massachusetto 55,300 28,000 27,300 55,000 273100 28,100

Michigan 93,000 41,000 62,000 94200 40,700 63,600

Min nisch, 43,809 21,028 22,781 44,300 20.900 23,400

Mississippi 22,633 12,270 10,263 22,800 12.200 10,600 Missouri 48,286 25,061 23,206 48,800 24,900 23,900 Montana 8,406 6,040 3,388 8,500 6,000 3,500 %shrink* 17 230 8,960 8,280 17,400 8,900 8,500 Nevada 4,987 2,761 2,206 5,000 2,700 2,300

New Hampshire 7,441 4,159 3,282 7,600 4,100 3,400

New Jenny 72,140 42,571 29,569 72,700 42,300 30,400 New Mexico 11,620 8,090 6,530 11,700 6,000 5,700 New York 177,068 91,344 85,72? 178,800 90,700 88,100

North Caroline 49,566 33,322 11,?43 49,800 33,100 16,700 North Dakota 7,859 4,388 7,700 4,300 3,400 Ohio 104,880 56,580 48,120 105,730 66,200 41,500 Oklahoma 28,184 14,810 13,374 28,500 14,700 13,800

Dragon 21,841 11,819 9,822 21,800 11,700 10,100

PennsylVanle 106,486 61,910 54,555 107,600 51,600 56,000 Rhode Island 8,988 4,536 4,460 9,100 4,500 4,600 South Carolina 28,578 16,101 12,477 28,800 18,000 12,800 South Dakota 8,8118 5,464 3,234 8,700 5,400 3,300

Tennant, 35,450 21,200 14,250 36,800 21,100 14,700 Texas 129,440 58,280 61,160 130,600 67,800 62,800 Utah 11,350 5,850 5,500 11,500 5,800 6,700 Vermont 5,750 3,067 2,663 5,800 3,100 2,700

Virginia 47,903 253156 22,037 48,400 25,700 22,700

Washington 33,380 17,480 15,900 33,800 17,400 16,400

West Virginia 16,582 8,352 8,230 16,800 8,300 8,500 Wiscornin 50,367 32,622 17,735 50,600 32,400 18,200

Wyoming 4,511 2,315 2,253 4,600 2,300 2,300

OutfyIng MIS 21,112 15,051 10,021 21,300 15,000 10,300 American Samoa '400 ' 300 '100 400 300 100 Canal Zone 522 288 234 500 300 200 Guam 1,348 603 445 1,100 GOO 500 Puerto Rico 23,142 13,900 9,242 23,300 13,800 9,500

' The Parttime teachen included in tha totals ere in full -time uit/Manta.

'Estimated.

SOURCE.. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 7970 Statistics of Public Schools, and Office of Education'

. estimates.

39
Table U.-Instructional staff In public elementary and sscondwy dry schools,

by type of position and by State: 196748

State Total

instructional staff

Principe's

(Including mei' tent Principals)

Consultants or superviscof of

instruction

Clem/corn teachers end other nonsuaryloory Pereonmil

Clearoom

teedwrs Librarian, Guidence Personnel Psychological

pasta. el Other non. supervisory

instructional Personnel

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 Us wed States 2,071,246 I 86,607 29,005 1,663,967 33,838 41,714 4,686 12,548 Alabama 34,613 1,289 306 332,939 121 (3) (3) Alaska 3,385 168 37 3,066 412 62 6 5 Arizona 18,874 676 222 t4.9165 408 399 47 137 Arkansas 20,094 736 58 18,728 323 245 California 188,816 8,931 1,940 171,102 1,697 4,455 561 Coloredo 24,652 1,061 264 21,974 373 611 679 Connecticut 31,272 1,363 277 28,667 297 674 114 Delaware 8,004 2t2 53 6,461 120 108 38 22 District of Columbia 7,809 300 90 6,870 133 363 60 3 Florida 60,567 2.132 500 53,736 1,844 1,382 614 449 Georgia 46,980 1,773 666 42,291 1,485 775 . ... Hawaii 7,363 368 GI 5,741 203 10

Idaho 8,334 367 182 7,461 192 222 2 18

Illinois 109,426 3,530 1,706 98,918 1.640 2.022 270 1,441

Indians 42,106 2.020 739 348,782 822 1.214 29

lows 35.181 1.598 339 31,860 676 676 46 89 Kansas 28,803 1,297 226 25.874 681 601 67 167 Kentucky 31,013 1,263 279 27,668 912 498 413

Louisiana 38,124 1,472 327 34.481 1,138 701 5 Maine 10,838 849 124 9,341 128 196 .. Maryland 39,569 1,919 544 36,440 839 989 74 74 Massachusetts 52,988 2,780 3,896 44,190 588 1,385 139 - - Michigan 92.809 3,139 799 84,759 1,172 2,615 235 - - Minnesota 42,986 1,621 258 30,056 1,016 847 78 III

Mississippi 23,548 1,016 163 21,413 628 368 - Missouri 48,203 2,009 711 41,755 609 1.066 - 53 Montana 8,879 289 62 8,154 159 195 28 Nebraska 16,839 1313 III 15,272 300 338 8 197 Nevada 6,325 222 41 4,1336 123 102 1 New HomPthire 13,844 419 76 13,098 83 165 4 19- New Jersey* 72,242 2,452 712 555,900 (6) (61 (61 63,198 New Mexico 12,655 813 199 11,272 240 322 1 8 New York .91,818 8,688 6,095 164,288 3,438 4,923 1,304 3,102

North Caroline/ 52,162 1,992 473 47,955 (61 11,732 - - .. North Dakota 7,806 319 46 7,231 120 90 Ohio 103,185 4,285 772 93,918 1,412 1,998 277 525 Oklahoma 27,211 770 182 25,525 293 421 20 - Oregon 24,154 1,180 290 21,608 524 485 20 149 Pennsylva Is 101,476 2,981 1,225 92,818 1,633 2,085 173 5131 Rhode Wand 8.438 350 118 7,669 143 227 13 23 South Caroline 29 '.,84 1,046 184 24,182 1,206 721 38 South Dakota 9,295 279 42 8,617 138 138 7 74 Tennessee 38,412 1,314 409 33,053 988 830 40

Texas 120,4(7 5,344 685 111,609 1,853 '1,276 (9)

than 12,982 649 148 11,674 322 324 30 31 Vermont 4,251 247 48 3,754 112 85 15 - Virginia 48,899 2,184 857 43,831 981 996 78 192 Washington 38,293 1,645 855 31,221 803 841 146 782 West Virginia 18,346 1,421 227 16,246 218 215 2 7 Wisconsin 48.791 1,884 571 43,876 1,229 1,121 131 - Wyoming 4,798 203 63 4,351 80 98 3 Outlying etas 13,800 1,023 425 21,721 296 294 6 139 Canal Zone 861 20 13 5121 6 17 4 Guam 1,019 44 36 890 28 20 1 - Puerto Rico 22,230 969 376 20,248 281 247 - - 139 3Data In each of the categories of nonsupervisory Instructional staff are *lawn for

II those States reporting such information. In 10411S Statute, classroom mashers may

Include other nonsupervisory personnel (librarians, guidance personnel, at,..)

when such personnel have not been seporataly given.

Data for columns 6, 7, and B Included In column 5.

3Eitimeted by Office of Education.

4 Data obtained from published annual State report.

3,,rawly 'minuted by Office of Education. ..

6Data for coluaw 6, 7, end B included in column 9.

7osts obtained from published annual State report and Fall 1967 Statistics of Public Schools. soots for column 6 included in column 7.

'Data for column 8 included In column 7. SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Weiler', Office of

Eduation, Statistics of State Scioto/ SVetama, 1967-611.

to
Table, 54,- Selected characteristics of public school teachers, by level and by sex:

United States, 1965.66

Item All teachers Ele

mentary

Sei.on

dary Mon Woman

1 2 3 4 5 6 Highest degree hold:

No 4yeer degree percent 7.0 12.9 0.6 1.6 9.5 Bachelor's degree do 69.6 71.4 87.7 63.2 72.6 Mester's degree do 21.9 14.9 29.6 32.2 17.2 Professional diploma based on 6 years of

college study do 1.3 .8 1.9 2.6 .7 Dr ar's degree do .1 .3 .4 An de (mean) years of teaching experience 11.8 13.4 10.0 9.0 13.1 Av sge number of hours et school required of

to chers per school day 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.4 7.3 Average number of hours per week devoted to

teaching duties 47.4 46.5 48.3 47.8 47.2 Average number of days of classroom teaching

in school year 1965.66 180.6 180.7 180.4 180.7 180.5 Average annual salary as classroom

teacher dollars $6,253 6,119 6299 8,680 6,077

Average ego (in years) 38.7 41.1 36.2 35.0 40.5

Sex percent 100.0 31.1 63.9 Marital status: Married do 69.1 C7.5 70.7 78.2 85.0 Single do 22.0 20.2 23.8 19.8 22.9 Widowed, separated, divorced do 9.0 12.3 5.4 2., 12.2 NOTE: Data are based on reports received

from a sample of 2,344 teachers. Because of

rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Re

search Division, Research Report 1967 -R4. The American Public-School Teacher, 1965-66. (Copyright ©1967 by thu National

Education Association. All right: reserved.)

Table 55.-Public secondary school teachers, by

teaching field and by sex: United States, 1965-66

Teaching geld In which largest

portion of time was spent

All teachers Men Women

1 2 3 4 All fields: Number 734,159 395,940 338,219 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 Agriculture 1.8 2.9 - Art 2.0 1.6 2.6 Business education 7.0 4.9 9.5 English 18.1 11.4 28.1 Foreign language 6 t 4.2 9.1 Health and physical education 6.9 6.6 7.3 Home economics 5.9 13.0 Mathematics 13.9 15.0 12.6 Science 10.8 15.7 5.1 Social studies 15.3 19.4 10.5 Music 4.7 5.4 3.A

Industrial arts 5.1 Special education .4 .3 .4 Others 1.9 3.5 NOTE.-Percents are based on eports received from a sample

of 1,088 teacheh: because of rounding, they may not add to

100.0. SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1967R4, The American PublicSchool Teacher, 1965-66; and Research Report 1966R20,

Estimates of School Statistics, 1966-67. (Copyright ".'D 1967

and 1966, respectively, by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)

Table 56.-Average annual salary of Instructional staff in public elementary and secondary

day schools, and average annual earrings of full-time employees in all industries,

in unadjusted dollars and adjusted dollars: United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

School year

Unadjusted dollars Adjusted dollars (1970-71

purchasing power)

Salary per member of

instructional staff

Earnings per

full-time em

ployee working for wages

or salary'

Salary per member of

instructional staff

Earnings per

full-time em

ployee work

ing for wages

or salary' 1 2 3 4 5 1929-30 $1,420 $1,386 $3,293 $3,214

1931-32 1,417 1.198 3,902 3,299

1933.34 1,227 1,070 3,678 3,207

1935-36 1,283 1,160 3,708 3,353

1937.38 1,374 1,244 3,812 3,451

1939-40 1,441 1,282 4,093 3,641

194142 1,507 1,576 3,840 4,016

1943-44 1,728 2,030 3,940 4,629

1945-46 1,995 2,272' 4,344 4,948

194748 2,639 2,692 4,494 4,585

1949.50 3,010 2,930 5,046 4,912

1951.52 3,450 3,322 5,209 5,016

1953.54 3,825 3,628 5,644 5,353

1955-56 4,156 3,942 6,137 5,821 1957.58 4,702 4,276 6,530 5,931-) 1959.60 5,174 4,632 6,991 6,258

1961 .62 5,700 4,928 7,525 6,506

196364 6,240 5,373 8,027 6,912

1965.66 6,935 5,838 8,621 7,257

1967.68 7,885 6,444 9,201 7,520

1969.70' 8,840 7,330 9,291 7,704

1970-71' 9,570 7,800 9,570 7,800

'Based on the Consumer Price Index, prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.

'Calendar-year data from the U.S. Department of Commerce have been converted to a school-year basis by

averaging the 2 appropriate calendar years in each case.

'Estimated.

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of State School

Systems; and Fall Statistics of Public Schools. U.S. Department of Commerce, Office of Business Economics,

Survey of Current Business, July issues, 1962, 1966, 1969 ,and 3071-U.S. Income and Outpur; and National

Income, 1954 edition.

: 41
Table 57.-Estimated average annual salary of classroom teachers in public

elementary and secondary schools: United States, 1955-66 to 1970.71

School year Average salary (in dollars) Average salary Index (1956.56.100.3) All teachen Elementary

teachers

I Secondary

teachers All teachers Elementary

teachers Secondary

teachers

1 l 2 3 4 6 8 7 1956-56 $4,065 $3,852 94,409 100.0 100.0 100.0

1956.57 4,239 4,844 4,581 104.5 105.0 103.9

1957.58 4,571 4,373 4,894 112.7 113.5 111.0

1958.59 4,797 4,607 5,113 118.3 119.8 118.0

1959.60 4,995 4,815 6,218 123.2 125.0 119.7

1960.61 5,275 5,075 5,543 130.1 131.7 126.7

1961.82 5,515 6,340 6,776 136.0 138.6 131.0

1962.83 5,732 5,560 5,980 141.4 144.3 135.8 198364 5,995 6,806 6,266 147.8 150.7 142.1 196465 8,195 5,985 8,451 152.8 155.4 148.3

1966-66 8,485 6,279 6,761 159.9 163.0 153.3

1988.67 6,830 8,822 7,109 168.4 171.9 181.2

1987.68 7,423 7,208 7,892 183.1 187.1 174.6

1968.69 7,957 7,718 8,210 196.1 200.4 186.2

1969.70 8,635 8,412 8,891 212.9 218.4 201.7

1970.71 9,265 9,025 9.540 228.5 234.3 218.4 SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report 1970-R3, Economic Status of the Teaching

Profession, 1969-70 and Research Report 1971-R4, Economic

Status of the Teaching Profession, 1970-71. (Copyright 0 1970 and

1971, respectively, by the National Education Association. All

right. ...served.)

Table MI.-Percentage distribution of estimated annual salaries paid clauroom

teachers in public elementary and secondary schools; United States, 1952-63

to 1970-71

School year Percent of classroom teachers !mid- Less than $3,500

$3,500-

4,499

$4,50

5,490

$5,500-

6,499

$6,600-

7,499

$7,500

8,499

$8,500.

9,499

$9,500-

10,499

$10,500-

11,499

$11,500

or more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1952-53

1953-54 62.0

55.8

25.0

26.6

113.0

117.6 -- - -- - - - --- - -

- - . - --- - - --- - 1954-55 48.5 29.2 122.3 - --- - - -- - --

1955.56 42.6 31.4 126.0 - - 1956-57 35.0 33.0 132.0 - - - - - - -- - - - - - 1957.58 25.6 33.5 140.9 . . - - - . - - -- - .- 1958.59 17.0 31.7 28.7 15.7 28.9 .. - -- - - - 1959.60

1960-61 12.8 9.2

29.7 26.0

28.2

27.2

17.4 19.3 2119

10.9 : -37.4

. - -

. -.

-- -- - - -

--- - 1981.62

1962.63

5.74.3

20.9

17.7 28.928.0 22.623.4 12.914.5 39.08.1

- -- 44.0

48.3

-

- --

- -- -

--- -

- 1963-64 196495

196566

2.7

1.6

.8

14.2

11.9 8.0

28.6

27.0

22.7 24.2

24.7 25.8

15.1 18.6

19.1 9.0

10.1 11.5

5.5 6.6 --52.6 54.5

- --

- --

- - -- - -- -

1965-67 .3 4.1 19.7 26.7 19.P 13.2 8.6 4.5

..-

'3.1 - -

196768 62.1 41.5 25.5 22.0 15.3 '0.5 6.6 58.5 ---- 196869 ... - . 6.9 18.1 24.5 18.1 13.4 8.8 6.0 4.3

1969.70 . - 72.9 13.2 20.5 19.7 14.4 11.4 7.7 10.3

1970-71 - 21.5 7.2 15.6 18.4 18.7 14.9 11.3 14.5 1$4,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

7,9,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

397,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

4$8,500 or more; detailed breakdown not available.

'Detailed breakdown not available beyond this salary range.

'Less than $4,500; detailed breakdown not available. eJ 42

7 Less than $5,500; detailed breakdown not available.

SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, Research

Report 1971 -R4, Economic Stews of the fleshing Profession, 1970-71.

(Copyright 0 1971 by the National Education Association. All rights

reserved.)
Table 59.-Avenge annual salary of instructional staff' in 1ulltime public elementary and secondary day schools, by State:

1929.30 to 1970.71 State Unadjusted dollen Adjusted dollars (1970.71 purchasing power)' 1929.30 1939-40 1949.50 1959.80 196788 1970.71' 192930 1939.40 1949.50 1959.60 1967.68 1970.71' 1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 United Busse .. 81 20 81,441 83,010 86,174 87,830 89,570 83,293 84,093 85,048 88,991 $8,903 89,570 Alabama 792 744 2,111 4,002 5,900 7,525 1,838 2,113 3,539 5,407 6,885 7,525 Alaska 1,728 11 I I') 6,859 9,658 14,025 4,008 I') VI 9,267 11,270 14,025 Arizona 1,637 1,544 3,568 5,590 7,600 9,550 3,797 4,386 5,961 7,553 8,752 9,550 Arkansas 673 584 1,801 3,295 5,723 6,790 1,681 1,659 3,019 4,452 6,678 6,790

California 2,123 2,351 II I '6,600 9,450 10,850 4,924 6,678 (1) 8,917 11,027 10,850 Colorado 1,463 1,393 2,821 4,997 7,175 8,605 3,370 3,957 4,729 6,751 8,373 8,605

Connecticut 1,812 1,861 3,558 6,008 8,400 9,925 4,202 5,286 5,964 8,117 9,802 9,925 Delaware 1,570 1,684 3,273 '5,800 7,900 10,212 3,641 4,783 5,487 7,838 9,219 10,212

District of Columbia 2,269 2,350 3,920 6,280 01 10,782 5,262 6,675 6,571 8,485 ('I 10.782 Florida 876 1,012 2,968 5,080 7,500 9,206 2,032 2,874 4,958 6,864 8,752 9,206

Georgia 684 770 1,963 '3,904 6,775 7,940 1,586 2,187 3,291 '5,275 7,906 7,940 Hawaii 1,812 (1) Il I 5,390 8,100 10,606 4,202 I' / (1 / 7,292 9,452 10,605

Idaho 1,200 1,057 2,481 4,216 6,200 7,280 2,783 3,002 4,159 5,696 7,235 7,280

Illinois 1,630 1,700 3,468 '5,814 8,000 10,400 3,780 4,829 5,797 7,855 9,335 10,400

Indiana 1,466 1,433 3,401 5,642 8,200 9,860 3,400 4,070 5,701 7,488 9,569 9,860

Iowa 1,094 1,017 2,420 '4,030 7,382 8,779 2,537 2,889 4,057 '5,445 8,614 8,779 Kansas 1,159 1,014 2,629 '4,450 6,723 8,248 2,688 2,880 4,405 6,012 7,845 8,248

Kentucky 896 826 1,938 3,327 6,500 7,550 2,078 2,346 3,245 4,495 7,585 7,550

Louisiana 941 1,006 2,983 4,978 7,448 8,600 2,182 2,857 5,000 6,726 8,691 8,600 Maine 942 894 2,115 3,694 8,300 8,850 2,185 2,539 3,545 4,991 7,351 8,650

Maryland 1,516 1,642 3,594 5,557 8,316 10,183 3,621 4,664 6,025 7,508 9,704 10,183 Massachusetts 1,875 2,037 3,338 '5,645 8,383 9,500 4,348 5,786 5,595 '7,492 9,782 9,500

Michigan 1,534 1,576 3,420 5,654 8,000 10,800 3,568 4,476 5,733 7,639 9,335 10,800 Minnesota 1,251 1,276 3,013 5,276 7,859 10,740 2,901 3,624 5,051 7,127 9,171 10,740

Mississippi 620 659 1,416 3,314 4,735 6,173 1,438 1,588 2,374 4,478 5,525 6,173 Missouri 1,235 1,159 2,581 4,536 6,807 8,606 2,864 3,292 4,327 6,129 7,943 8,608 Montana 1,215 1,184 2,962 '4,425 6,650 8,368 2,818 3,363 4,965 '5,979 7,760 8,358 Nebraska 1,077 829 2,292 3,876 6,250 8,400 2,498 2,355 3,842 5,237 7,293 8,400 Nevada 1,483 1,557 3,209 5,693 8,200 9,900 3.439 4,423 5,379 7,692 9,569 9,900

New Hampshire 1,264 1,268 2,712 4,455 6,450 8,658 2,908 3,573 4,546 6,019 7,527 8,656

New Jersey 2,113 2,093 3,511 "5,871 8,167 10,580 4,900 5,945 5,885 ' 7,932 9,530 10,560 New Mexico 1,113 1,144 3,215 5,382 7,299 10,150 2,581 3,249 5,389 7,272 8,517 10,150 New York 2,493 2,804 3,706 6,537 8,600 12,000 5,782 7,396 8,212 8,832 10,035 12,000

North Carolina 873 948 2,688 4,178 6,443 8,486 2,025 2,687 4,506 5,645 7,518 8,466

North Dakota 900 745 2,324 3,696 5,750 7,200 2,087 2,116 3,896 4,992 6,710 7,200 Ohio 1,685 1,687 3,088 5,124 7,600 9,100 3,861 4,508 6,176 6,923 8,868 9,100 Oklahoma 1,070 1,014 2,738 4,659 6,203 7,660 2,482 2,880 4,586 6,295 7,238 7,650

Oregon 1,612 1,333 3,323 5,535 7,738 9,539 3,739 3,786 5,570 7,478 9,029 9,539

Pennsylvania 1,620 1,640 3,006 5,308 7,450 9,400 3,757 4,668 5,039 7,172 8,693 9,400 Rhode Island 1,437 1,809 3,294 1°5,499 7,850 9,750 3,333 5,138 5,522 167,430 8,927 9,750

South Carolina 788 743 1,891 3,450 5,750 7,150 1,828 2,110 3,170 4,661 6,710 7,150

South Dakota 958 807 2,064 3,725 5,425 7,500 2,217 2,292 3,460 5,033 6,330 7,500

Tennessee 902 882 2,302 3,929 6,170 7,650 2,092 2,448 3,859 5,308 7,200 7,550 Texas 924 1,079 3,122 4,708 6,875 8,648 2,143 3,065 5,233 6,361 7,789 8,646 Utah 1,330 1,394 3,103 5,096 7,060 8,500 3,085 3,960 5,202 6,885 8,227 8,500 Vermont 963 961 2,348 4,486 6,450 8,721 2,233 2,786 3,938 6,034 7,527 8,721

Virginia 861 899 2,329 4,312 6,900 9,000 1,997 2,554 3,902 5,826 8,052 9,000

Washington 1,556 1,706 3,487 1 05,643 8,100 10,000 3,609 4,846 5.845 "7,624 9,452 10,000

West Virginia 1,023 1,170 2,426 3,952 6,300 7,979 2,373 3,323 4,065 5,340 7,351 7,979 Wisconsin 1,399 1,379 3,007 ''4,870 "7,537 9,890 3,245 3,917 5,041 "8,580 ''8,795 8,795 9,890

Wyoming 1,239 1,169 2,798 4,937 7,277 8,919 2,873 3,320 4,690 6,670 8,492 8,919

Outlying wear

American Samoa .... ('I I') I' ) 852 I') Is I (s1 (s1 ('1 (s1 (s1 Is / Canal Zone , i') 1') (I I 6,034 9,198 12,487 (1) r I Is I Il I Is I 12,467 Guam Il I I') Il I 4,107 7,369 9,214 I') I') Il I ll I Is I 9,214 Puerto Rico I' 1 I') 11 ) 112,380 4,215 5,760 I' I I' I (1) I' ) I') 5,760

Virgin Islands I') Is I II I 3,407 I') Is / Il I I'1 I') I'1 I') ('I

' Includes supervisors, principals, classroom teachers, and other instructional staff.

'Based on Consumer Price Index published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics,

U.S. Department of Labor.

'Estimated.

Beginning in 195980, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Data not available. Partly estimated by the Office of Education.

/Excludes kindergarten teachers.

43

Includes admini triton.

' Includes clerical assistants to instructional personnel.

Includes attendance personnel.

'Excludes vocational schools not operated as pert of the regular public school

system.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems,' and Fall 1970 Statistics of Public

Scholia

. .
Number of School Districts

Continues to Decline

The number of school districts in the United States is

continuing to decline. The Office of Education reports

that in the fall of 1969 there were 19,169 public school

districtsa decrease of 1,271, or 6 percent, from the

20,440 districts in the preceding year. Nearly four-fifths

of the decrease occurred in the Midwest, the region that

still has close to one-half of the school districts in the

country. A total of 999 districts were eliminated in 12

Midwestern States between the fall of 1968 and the fall

of 1969. Three States had decreases of more than 100:

South Dakota, 441; Nebraska, 193; and Minnesota, 148.

This marked decline has been occurring for over 20

years. The 1969-70 total of 19,169 districts was less

than one-fourth the number in 1949-50 and less than

one-half the number in 1959.60 (see the accompanying

chart). Despite this continuing trend, there are still four

States with over 1,000 districts: Nebraska, 1,820;

Illinois, 1,227; Texas, 1,216; and California, 1,082.

The reduction in the number of school districts is the

result of reorganization laws, the consolidation of small

districts, and the elimination of nonoperating school

districts. In 1969 there were still 945 districts that did

not operate schools. These nonoperating districts either

had no pupils during the 1969.70 school year or sent

them to school in another district on a tuition basis.

NEVA A. CARLSON,

specialist in educational statistics

Thousands

90-

80

Figure 6.Number of public school districts:

United States, 1949.50 to 1969-70

70

60

50

40

3

2

1

1949 1951 1953 '1955 1957 1959 1961 1963 1965 1967 1969

-50 -52 -54 -56 -58 -60 -62 -64 -66 -68 -70

School year

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Eduoation, Digest of Educational Statistics and Fall 1969 Statistics of Public Schools.

44
Table 60.-Number of local basic administrative units

(school districts), by State: Fell 1970

State

School districts, fell 1970 Decrease In

total number of districts

since fall 1965

1+ denotes

increase) Total Operating Non- operating

1 2 3 4 5 United States 17,995 17,181 814 8,988 Alabama 124 124 +5 Alaska 29 29 0 Arizona 296 292 3 13 Arkansas 389 386 3 21 California 1,070 1,071 287 Colorado 181 181 3 Connecticut 169 189 - - 9 Delaware 26 26 33 District of Columbia 1 1 0 Florida 67 67 0 Georgia 190 189 1 5 Hawaii 1 1 0

Idaho 115 115 2

Illinois 1,175 1,171 4 179

Indiana 319 317 2 123

Iowa 457 454 3 527 Kansas 311 311 - - - 1,189

Kentucky 192 192 - a

Louisiana 68 66 - 1 Maine 290 235 56 107 Maryland 24 24 - 0 Massachusetts 431 380 51 +39 Michigan 828 618 10 522 Minnesota 617 613 4 822 Mississippi 150 150 - - +1 Missouri 668 639 29 360 Montana 741 671 70 185 Nebraska 1,665 1,265 400 881 Nevada 17 17 - 0 New Hampshire 168 157 11 31 New Jersey 599 578 21 +5 New Mexico 8 9 8 9 - - 2 New York 760 737 23 237 North Carolina 152 152 - - - 17 North Dakota 411 356 55 192 Ohio 631 631 - - - 107 Oklahoma 665 665 -. - 384 Orepn 350 346 4 59

7.:;aisylvania 597 590 7 266 Rhode Island 40 40 - 0 South Carolina 93 93 15 South Dakota 286 270 16 2,102

Tennessee 147 147 - - 5 Texas 1,187 1,179 8 149 Utah 40 40 - - 0 Vermont 277 251 26 +15 Virginia 134 130 4 +4 Washington 321 320 1 57 West Virginia 55 55 .. 0 Wisconsin 454 452 2 118 Wyoming 131 130 1 59 Outlying areas: American Samoa 1 1 0 Canal Zone 1 1 0 Guam 1 1 - -- 0 Puerto Rico 1 1 0 Virgin Islands 1 1 0 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Fall Statistics of Public Schools, 1970 and 1965.

45

Table 61,- Number of public school systems

and number of pupils enrolled, by size

of system: United States, 1966-87 Enrollment size' School systems Pupils enrolled Number Percent Numberlln

thousands/ Percent

1 2 3 4 5 Total 23,390 100.0 '43,842 100.0 25,000 or more 170 .7 12,680 28.7 12,000 to 24,999 350 1.5 5,130 13.1 6,000 to 11,999 880 3.8 7,293 18.8 3,000 to 5,999 1,728 7.4 7,178 18.4 1,800 to 2,999 1,819 7.8 4,251 9.7 1,200 to 1,799 1,836 7.0 2,418 5.5 600 to 1,199 2,838 12.1 2,437 5.8 300 to 599 2,723 11.8 1,185 2.7

150 to 299 2,091 8.9 459 1.0 50 to 149 2,230 9.5 209 15 to 49 2,873 11.4 71 .2 1 to 14 2,388 10.2 22 .1 None3 1,868 8.0

'Based on the number of pupils enrolled in October 1986.

;Includes 992,000 students enrolled at the college level.

''Systems not operating schools.

NOTE: Because of rounding,detail may not add to tools.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, 1967 Census of

Governments, CGP3, Public School Systems in 1966-67.

Table 62.-Number of local basic administrative units (school districts), and number of

public and nonpublic elementary and

secondary schools: United States,

1929.30 to fall 1970

School year

Public school systems Nonpublic schools' School districts2 Elementary schools Secondary

schools Elementary Secondary Total 1-teacher

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 1929-30 . ... (3) 23E1,308 149,282 23,930 9,275 3,258

1931.32 ... . 127,531 232,760 143,391 28,409 9,734 3,289

1933-34 .. .. 131 236,236 139,168 24,714 9,992 3,327

1935-36 . .. . (3) 232,174 131,101 25,852 9,992 3,327

1937-38 .. .. 119,001 221,660 121,178 25,487 9,992 3,327

1939.40.... 117,108 (3) 113,600 131 11,306 3,668

1941-42 ... . 115,493 183,112 107,802 26,123 10,285 3,011

1943-44.... 111,383 189,905 98,302 28,973 10,285 3,011

1945-46.... 101,382 160,227 86,583 24,314 9,883 3,294

1947.48.... 94,928 148,760 75,096 25,484 10,071 3,292

1949-50 . .. . 83,718 128,226 59,852 24,542 10,375 3,331

1951.52.... 71,094 123,763 50,742 23,748 10,686 3,322

1953-54.... 63,057 110,876 42,885 25,837 11,739 3,913

1955-56 . . . . 54,859 104,427 34,984 26,046 12,372 3,887

1957.58.... 47,594 95,448 25,341 25,507 13,066 3,994

1959.60.... 40,520 91,853 20,213 25,784 13,674 4,061

1961-62 ... . 35,678 81,910 13,333 25,350 14,782 4,129

1963.64.... 31,705 77,584 9,895 28,431 131 4,451

1985.68.... 26,983 73,216 8,491 26,597 , 15,340 4,606

1987-68 ... 22,010 70,879 4,148 27,011 '14,900 '4,400

Fell 1970... 17,995 66,849 2,143 26,282 '14,400 '4200

!Data for mast yews are pertly estimated.

'Includes operating and nonoperating districts.

''Data not available.

'Estimated.

NOTE: Beginning In 1959-60, includes Alaska and Hawaii.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Stetistks of State School Syttems, Fell Statistics of Public Schools, and

Szetistka of Nonpublic Elementary end Secondary Schools,

3,
Table 63.-Number and percent of public secondary schools, by type of school: United States, 1919.20 to 196546

School year Total Type of school

School year Total Type of school

Tradi tional I Junior2 Senior3 Junior senior4 Troth.

i Junior 2 Senior Junior- senior

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1919-20: 1951.52: Number 14,326 13,421 55 22 828 Number 23,746 10,164 3,227 1.760 8,591 Percent 100.0 93.7 0.4 0.1 5.8 Percent 100.0 42.8 13.6 7.4 36.2 1929.30: 1958-69: Number 22,237 16,460 1,842 648 3,287 Number 24,190 6,024 4,996 3,040 10,130 Percent 100.0 74.0 8.3 2.9 14.8 Percent 100.0 24.9 20.6 12.6 41.9

1937.38: 1963.64: Number 25,057 15,523 2,372 959 6,203 Number 525,926 7,173 7,143 5,568 6,042 Percent 100.0 61.9 9.5 3.8 24.8 Percent 100.0 27.7 27.6 21.5 23.3

1945-46: 1965.66: Number 24,122 13,797 2,653 1,312 6,360 Number 326,098 8,176 7,920 4,942 5,060 Percent 100.0 57.2 11.0 5.4 26.4 Percent 100.0 31.3 30.3 18.9 19.4 NOTE: Prior to 1963-64, data are for 48 Ste es and District of Columbia.

Because of rounding, percentages may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Education in the United States, 1958-59 Series, Number

1, Public Secondary Schools; and Statistics of State School Systems.

I Includes regular 4year high schools preceded by 8year elementary schools. No

reorganization has taken place.

2Includes 2 and 3year junior high schools.

3lncludes 3- and 4year senior high schools preceded by junior high schools.

4lncludes 5. and 6year high schools.

SExcludes incomplete regular high schools and vocational or trade high schools 1506 in 1963-64 and 499 in 1965-661. Thousands

of rooms

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 1958-59 1959-60 1960-61 1961-62 1962-63

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Wel faro, Office of Education, Fall Statistics of Pub- lic School..

Public School Instruction Rooms Completed or Abandoned

A record 75,400 public elementary and secondary school instruction rooms were completed

during the 1967-68 school year. This climaxed

the 10-year period, 1958 to 1968, in which 701,000

instruction rooms were built. The annual average

during the past decade was thus slightly over

70,000 classrooms per year. These figures include

newly constructed rooms as well as those converted to classroom use from other purposes.

During 1967-68, 19,400 instruction rooms were abandoned, bringing the total number of

abandonments over the past decade to 182,000,

or an average of somewhat more than 18,000 a

year. Instruction rooms may be abandoned for a

number of reasons: obsolescence, school reorganization and consolidation, destruction from fire,

flood, urban redevelopment, and other causes.

Approximately 1,764,500 instruction rooms

were being used at the beginning of the 1968-69

school year. This was an increase of more than

half a million over the number available 10 years

earlier. In the fall of 1968, there was an instruction room for every 25.5 elementary and secondary school pupils enrolled. A decade earlier the

ratio of pupils to rooms was 27.7 to one. Despite

this evidence of progress, a need for additional

classrooms is indicated by the fact that 317,000

pupils in 29 States were still attending school on

curtailed sessions in fall 1968.

These data are from the annual Office of Education surveys of Fall Statistics of Public Schools.

The reports are based upon information supplied

to OE by the department of education in each

State. -W. VANCE GRANT, specialist in educational statistics.

Figure 7.-Number of public elementary and secondary school instruction rooms completed or abandoned: United States, 1958-59 to 1967-68

46
Table 64.-Selected statistics on schoolhousing in full. time public elementary and secondary day schools, by State:

1969.70 and fall 1970

State Number of pupils on cur ailed

sessions, fall 1970 Number of instruction rooms Total Elementary Secondary

Completed

during

1969.70 Abandoned during

1969.70 Available

and in use,

fall 1970

1 2 3 4 5 0 7 United States ' 422,505 ' 190,290 '232,216 '66,100 ' 19,196 '1,964,300 Alabama 1') I') ('I 1') 1') 1') Alaska - - 164 11 3,160 Arizona 15,744 5,943 9,801 897 111 17,881 Arkansas 725 461 19,085 California 41,993 36,911 5,082 4,000 800 174,900 Colorado 799 768 31 721 148 22,462

Connecticut 6,649 508 5,141 (' ) 1') I' / Delaware 4,756 2,564 2,192 238 144 6,449

District of Columbia 620 620 430 8 5,780 Florida 80,580 2,042 78,638 2,815 678 61,716

Georgia 4,697 1,824 2,873 2,336 1,068 45,176 Hawaii 308 124 7,546

Idaho 268 88 7.846

Illinois 29,940 19,409 10,531 2,100 428 90,897

Indiana 2,723 1,763 960 1,007 75 49,053

Iowa 1,684 511 29,266 Kansas 843 371 25,601

Kentucky 3,254 1,702 1,552 1,261 394 28,376

Louisiana 24,708 8,050 16,658 2,038 1,562 36,066 Maine 5,609 4,715 894 . 558 209 10,406

Maryland 22,836 16,877 5,959 2,411 124 34,374 Massachusetts 3,386 261 3,135 855 392 45,092

Michigan 17,516 4,225 13,290 1,602 306 92,083 Minnesota 11,485 4,410 7,076 1,950 688 39,754

Mississippi 423 660 21,977 Missouri I') I') 1'1 I') 292 40,199 Montana 910 82 828 285 67 8,532 Nebraska - 105 35 16,820 Nevada - - - - 67 24 5,015

New Hampshire 4,000 559 3,441 572 196 6,951

New Jersey 29,600 19,240 10,360 2,690 800 59,100 New Mexico - - - - - - - 577 332 12,180 New York 75,000 50,000 25,000 4,221 871 139,699 North Carolina - - - 1,518 1,335 52,918 North Dakota - - - - - - - 233 193 8,055 Ohio - - - - - - - I'1 1') I') Oklahoma I') (') ('1 954 287 28,963

Oregon 450 110 340 646 150 21,864

Pennsylvania 15,563 919 14,644 4,063 1,421 91,696 Rhode Island 7,175 3,939 3,236 440 52 7,539 South Carolina - - - -- - 657 1') 25,656 South Dakota - - - - 150 75 7,718

Tennessee 1,336 1,336 - - 828 911 33,967

Texas 1') I') 1') 2,854 1') 118,644 Utah - - - - - - 373 222 11,467 Vermont - - - 93 36 5,534

Virginia 12,171 2,083 10,088 2,807 1,500 49,000

Nashington I') (' I I') 1,327 1') 34,988

Nest Virginia 106 60 46 408 501 16,514 Nisconsin - - - - 3,503 535 41,532

Nyoming 1') 1') I') 1'I 1'I 1'I

DutlYinfl "Ns' Canal Zone - - - se 21 716 Guam -- - - 32 1 861 Puerto Rico 235,757 154,832 80,925 947 212 18,949

'Excludes 6 States for which data are not available.

'Includes estimates for the nonreponing States.

'Data not available.

47

SOURCE: U.S. Depar ment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educe.

tion, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schools.
Table 86.- Selected characteristics of instructional rooms in public school

plants, by State: 1984435

[Data for rooms are rounded to nearest 1001

State Total num. bet of

instructional rooms In public school plants

In tructlonal rooms' in permanent buildings by

completion date and combustibility Instructional rooms' i n- Before 1920 and

combustible After 1920 and

combustible Before 1920 And noncombustible After 1920 and

noncombustible Nonpermanentbuildings

White fecilit 11--- Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 United States 1,538,500 41,000 2.7 94,100 8.1 174,100 11.3 1,184,500 77,1 31,000 2.0 11,700 0.8 Alabama 28,000 600 2.3 4,700 16.9 800 2.8 21,200 75.5 500 1.9 100 .5 Alaska 1,900 (2) .6 500 29.5 0 0 1,200 66,7 (21 2.1 (2) 1.1 Arizona 13,700 100 .8 300 2.2 1,200 8.8 11,700 85.0 400 2.9 (21 .3 Arkansas 15,000 100 .6 1,800 11.8 900 5.8 11,800 78.9 300 2.1 100 .7 California 130,700 1,400 1.1 32,300 24.7 3,100 2.3 80,600 61.7 12,600 9.6 800 .6 Colorado 18,100 600 3.5 500 2.9 2,000 10.9 14,600 80.5 300 1.9 100 .3 Connecticut 21,00C 500 2.4 300 1.3 3,200 16.1 16,800 80.1 100 .5 100 .6 Delaware 4,100 100 1.8 (2) 1.1 (2) .3 3,900 95.9 (2) .1 (2) .8 District of Columbia 4,900 0 0 0 0 900 19.4 3,900 79.8 (2) .7 (2) 0 Florida 39,300 600 1.5 1,400 3.5 1,800 4.5 32,800 83.4 2,500 6.4 300 .7 Georgia 37,200 500 1.3 2,500 6.7 1,600 4.4 32,000 86.0 300 .7 300 .8 Hawaii 5,800 300 4.5 1,700 29.8 100 2.1 3,400 59.1 200 4.1 (21 .3

Idaho 6,900 400 5.9 400 5.3 1,100 16.0 4,800 70.4 (2) .5 100 1.8

Illinois 76,000 2,900 3.8 300 .4 13,700 18.0 58,200 76.6 300 .4 600 .8

Indiana 40,400 800 2.0 200 .5 8,100 20.1 30,800 76.4 300 .8 100 .3

Iowa 28,500 1,900 6.5 500 1.9 6,600 23.2 19,000 66.8 100 .3 400 1.2 Kansas 25,200 400 1.7 500 1.9 3,100 12.5 20,500 81.4 500 1.8 200 .8 Kentucky 23,400 500 2.1 1,000 4.5 2,200 9.5 18,900 80.8 600 2.6 100 .6 Louisiana 32,000 500 1.5 2,500 7.8 1,600 5.0 25,800 80.7 1,200 3.9 400 1.2 Maine 8,300 1,200 14.8 1,900 22.5 800 10.2 4,200 51.0 (2) (2) 100 1.5 Maryland 25,700 1,000 3.9 800 3.1 1,700 6.7 21,500 83.9 400 1.5 200 .9 Massachusetts 36,400 2,000 5A 900 2.6 8,700 24.0 24,300 66.7 200 .4 300 .9 Michigan 64,500 1,900 2.9 700 1.1 6,100 9.5 56,300 85.7 200 .3 400 .6 Minnesota 33,000 2,300 7.1 800 2.5 4,400 13.3 25,000 75.9 100 .3 300 .9 Mississippi 20,900 (2) .1 1,100 5.3 500 2.4 18,800 90.0 300 1.2 200 1.0 Missouri 34,100 700 2.0 1,000 2.9 4,900 14.5 26,800 78.7 200 .6 400 1.3 Montana 8,600 500 6.0 800 8.8 1,300 15.3 5,800 67.4 100 .7 200 1.8 Nebraska 17,300 1,400 8.1 800 4.8 3,700 21.4 11,200 64.4 100 .7 100 .5 Nevada 3,500 100 2.7 100 3.5 200 6.1 3,000 85.3 100 2.2 (2) .1 New Hampshire 5,200 500 10.0 200 3.3 800 14.8 3,700 71.1 (2) .1 (2) .8 New Jersey 46,000 1,400 3.0 300 .6 8,900 19.4 35,200 76.5 (2) .1 200 .5 Mew Mexico 10,200 100 .7 300 2.7 500 4.5 9,000 88.4 400 3.5 [2) .2 New York 118,100 2,100 1.8 500 .4 17,600 14.9 96,100 81.3 50) .4 1,400 1.2 North Carolina 45,100 600 1.4 3,900 8.8 2,200 4.8 37,500 83.2 800 1.8 100 .2 North Dakota 7,400 500 7.4 400 5.7 1,200 16.8 5,000 67.9 (2) .6 100 1.7 Dhio 83,200 800 1.0 100 .1 14,800 17.8 66,300 79.7 200 .3 1,000 1.2 Oklahoma 25,800 300 1.3 1,000 4.0 2,300 9.0 21,000 81.4 800 3.0 300 1.3 Dragon 18,900 600 3.1 5,400 28.5 1,200 6.6 11,400 60.4 200 1.1 (2) .3

'annsylvania 79,500 2,100 2.6 800 1.0 16,100 20.2 59,700 75.1 400 .6 400 .5 Rhode Island 5,900 600 9.5 200 3.9 1,000 16.2 4,200 70.3 0 0 (2) .2 South Carolina 23,200 300 1.2 1,700 7.2 1,200 5.3 19,700 84.7 300 1.4 (2) .2

south Dakota 8,600 1,100 13.0 900 10.6 1,400 16.9 4,900 56.6 100 1.7 100 1.3 Tennessee 31,400 600 2.0 4,500 14.3 1,800 5.7 24,000 764 400 1.4 hi .2

Texas 92,000 400 .4 4,300 4.7 5,200 5.7 78,400 85.2 2,900 3.1 800 .9 Utah 10,100 400 3.6 300 3.0 1,700 16.4 7,700 76.5 (2) .3 (21 .2 Vermont 3,700 700 19.3 300 7.9 500 14.7 2,100 56.5 (2) (2) 100 1.9 Virginia 24,500 1,000 2.9 2,000 5.8 2,000 5.8 28,700 83.4 800 1.8 100 .4 Nashington 29,200 700 2.3 3,900 13.5 2,100 7.3 21,300 73.0 1,000 3.5 100 .5 Nest Virginia 17,100 1,100 6.7 1,900 10.9 2,200 12.7 11,600 67.9 100 .8 200 1.0 Wisconsin 32,600 1,800 5.6 500 1.5 4,500 13.8 25,300 77.8 100 .3 400 1.2 NVoming 4,500 100 1.9 200 5.5 400 8.6 3,700 82.8 hi .7 (2) .5 14,000 200 1.4 2,200 15,7 800 5.7 9,400 87.1 800 5.7 800

.. Outlying arm 4.3 %merman Samoa 200 0 0 (2) .5 0 0 100 54.8 100 42.4 (2) 2.3

:Anal Zone 500 0 0 100 15.3 100 10.5 400 71.6 (2) 1 (2) 1.8 3uam 400 0 0 (2) 9.6 0 0 300 80.2 (2) 10.3 0 0

'uerto Rico 12,900 200 1.4 2,000 15.8 800 6.0 8,600 66.5 700 5.4 600 4.9

lIncludes improvised or makeshift rooms used for instructional purposes. 2lAss than 60. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

NOTE: Because of rounding and of varying inflation factors applied to individual Education, Condition of Public School Plants, 196465.

school plants, detail may not add to totals.

48
Table 66, Facilities in elementary and secondary school plants,' by organizational

level and control.. United States, spring 1984

(Numbers in thousands)

Item

Public schools Nonpublic schools

Organizational level of school plan Organizational level of school plant' Total Elementary

Only Combined

elementarysecondary

Secondary

only Not reported2 Total Elementary

only Combinedelementary

secondary

Secondary

only

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 General-use facilities In permanent

school buildings 193 100 42 50 2 38 22 8 8 Centralized school library 48 23 12 13 - - 9 5 2 2 Auditorium 23 10 5 7 - 5 3 1 1 Cafeteria or lunchroom 39 20 9 10 - - 8 5 2 2 Gymnasium 25 8 6 11 - 3 1 1 1 Gym-auditorium 19 10 6 4 - 3 2 1 1 Cafeteria-auditorium 11 9 1 1 2 1 0 0 Cafeterigymnesium 2 1 0 0 - - 0 0 0 0 Cafeterigym-auditorium 7 6 1 0 - . 1 1 0 0 Other multipurpose room 19 12 3 4 -- 6 4 1 1 Instructional rooms (classrooms,

shops, laboratories) 1,510 767 283 446 14 207 118 44 44

In permanent school buildings 1,473 743 278 438 10 199 113 43 42 Rooms designed (or remodeled) as instructional MOTS 1,449 731 272 433 10 192 109 41 41

Improvised or makeshift MOMS 23 12 6 5 7 4 1 1 In nonpermanent buildings

on site 31 20 4 7 - -- 5 4 1 1 In off site buildings 6 3 2 1 - -- 3 2 1 1 Permanent school buildings and

additions 173 105 35 32 1 26 16 5 5 Fire-resistive rating:3 Fire-resistive 78 42 16 19 1 13 8 2 2 Semi-fire-resistive 48 28 11 9 - - - 7 4 2 1 Combustible 39 29 6 4 - -- 3 2 1 1 Mixed, or not reported 8 5 2 1 - -- 2 1 - -- -- - Date of completion:

Before 1920 29 23 4 3 -- 5 3 1 1 1920-29 24 15 5 4 - - 3 2 1 1 1930-39

1940-49 20

17

1196

5

4

3

- --

- -- 23

12

- --

1

- - -

- 1950-59 58 34 12 12 - - 8 6 1 1 After 1959 23 12 4 6 - -- 4 2 1 1 Not reported or under construction1 1 - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - - Number of stories:

1 114 73 23 17 1 11 7 2 2 More than 1 54 29 1 1 14 - - - 14 8 3 3 Not reported 4 2 1 1 - -- - - - - - - - - - Outside wall material: Wood 27 21 4 2 - - 3 2 1 1 Masonry 125 72 28 25 1 20 13 4 4 Other, or not reported 18 12 2 6 - - - 3 2 1 1 Framing: Wood 56 40 10 6 1 6 4 1 1 Steel 43 23 10 11 - -- 9 5 2 2 Masonry 52 31 12 8 - -- 7 4 1 1 Other, or not reported 20 10 3 7 - - - 4 2 1 1 93 67 12 13 1 16 11 ww

School plants 2 2

IA school plant is defined as a site and buildings constituting the phys'cal

facilities used by a single school or by two or more schools sharing the use of

common facilities. A plant with 90 percent or more of its membership at the

elementary level is an elementary plant; similarly for a secondary plant.

2Plants with level not reported are mostly under construction, or serve

predominantly the kindergarten or junior college level. The figures are included

in the public and nonpublic totals, but are too small to show separately for the

nonpublic schools (70 general-use facilities, 500 instructional rooms, 60 buildings

and additions, 30 school plants, and 1,100 membership). 3Fire-resistive is defined as a building constructed entirely of firresistive

materials; or a building with fire-resistive walls and partitions, floors, stairways,

49

and ceilings: Semi-fireresistive is defined as a building with fire-resistive exterior

and bearing walls: and fire-resistive corridor and stairway walls, floors, and

ceilings. Combustible is defined as an allframe building; a building with

firresistive veneer on wood frame; or one with fireresistive bearing walls, but

otherwise of combustible construction. NOTE: Data for 35 States have been updated from the 1962 facilities

inventory by adding new construction and subtracting abandoned buildings; data

for the remaining 15 States were taken directly from the 1962 survey. Because

of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, National Inventory of School Facilities and Personnel, Spring 1962.

E
I 3

Table 87.-Number of public and nonpublic high school graduates, by sex and by State: 1989.70 State Public his school graduals"' Nonpublic high

school graduates' Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 United States 2,589,026 1,296,067 1,302,931 310,000 I 1411,000 111,000 Alabama 46,286 22,027 23,259 1,800 900 900 Alaska 3,297 1,685 1,612 200 100 100 Arizona 22,040 11,004 11,036 1,400 700 700 Arkansas 26,088 13,239 12,829 700 300 400 California 280,908 128,920 131,988 20,300 9,600 10,700 Colorado -,.. 30,312 16,206 16,107 2,100 1,000 1,100 Connecticut 34,766 18,581 18,194 7,900 4,100 3,800 Delaware 8 ,986 3,412 3,673 1,000 600 400 District of Columbia 4,980 '2,131 '2,849 1,900 1,000 900 Florida 70,478 36,226 34,252 3,200 1,700 1,500

3e0rgia 56,859 27,520 29,339 2,100 1,300 800 Hawaii 10,407 6,092 6,315 1,900 1,000 900

Idaho 12,296 8,337 6,959 300 100 200

Illinois 126,864 82,146 64,718 25,200 11,500 13,700

Indiana 89,984 36,294 34,890 6,800 2,800 3,000

Iowa 44,063 '22,120 '21,943 5,800 2,700 2,900 Kansas 33,394 16,421 16,973 2,600 1,200 1,400

Kentucky 37,473 18,430 19,043 5,100 2,500 2)300

Louisiana 43,841 21,097 22,544 6,300 2,900 3,400 Maine 14,003 7,031 8,972 3,100 1,700 1,400

Maryland 48,482 22,593 23,869 8,500 3,000 3,500 Massachusetts 63,885 31,717 32,148 17,300 8,100 9,200

Michigan 121,000 80,500 60,500 17,700 8,300 9,400 Minnesota 60,480 30,562 29,918 8,600 2,900 3,700

Mississippi 29,653 14,223 15,430 1,000 500 500 Missouri 55,315 27,836 27,479 8,200 4,200 4,000 Montana 11,620 6,766 6,755 1,100 500 600 Nebraska 21,280 10,430 10,850 3,000 1,500 1,500 Nevada 5,449 2,761 2,898 300 100 200 Yew Hampshire 8,518 4,198 4,318 2,600 1,600 1000

Yew Jersey 86,498 42,855 43,843 13,300 8,400 6,900 Yew Mekico 16,060 7,974 8,098 800 400 400

hew York 190,000 '94,060 '95,950 42,300 19,400 22,900

lords Carolina 68,886 34,241 34,845 1,100 500 600 North Dakota 11,150 6,764 5,386 1,200 800 600 Dhio 142,248 71,317 70,931 19,300 9,100 10,200

)klahoma 36,293 18,595 17,698 800 400 400 Dragon 32,236 18,081 16,155 1,700 BOO 900

'ennsylvania 151,400 78,900 74,500 32,700 15,900 18,800 Mode Island 10,146 4,912 5,234 2,500 1,300 1,200

iouth Carolina 34,940 17,0113 17,924 800 400' 400

iouth Dakota 11,757 F,990 5,787 800 300 500

Tennessee 49,000 23,889 25,311 2,700 1,700 1,000

texas 139,048 89,363 89,683 5,900 2,900 3,000

Jtah 18,396 9,379 9,016 400 200 200

Jermont 8,095 3,118 2,979 1,700 900 800 Arginia 58,582 28,301 30,281 3,900 2,200 1,700

Vashington 50,425 26,144 26,281 2,800 1,200 1,600

Vest Virginia 26,139 12,988 13,151 800 400 400 Visconsin 56,753 33,372 33,381 11,500 5,500 6,000

Vyoming '5,363 2,787 2,598 200 100 100

)utlying ems: American Samos 141 (4) el / 40 30 10 Canal Zone 772 395 377 - - - - - - Guam 972 439 533 140 60 90 Puerto Rico 24,917 10,858 14,061 2,270 880 1,410

Virgin Islands 141 14/ le) 80 20 60

'Excludes approximately 7,000 graduates of subcollegiate departments of Inst tutions of higher education, Federal schools for Indians and on Federal installations,

and residential schools for exceptional children.

Eitimatsd.

'Distribution by sex estimated by Office of Education.

4 Data not available. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Fall IVO StatIaks of Public Schools; and Office of Education estimates.
Table 88.-Number of high school graduates oompwed with population 17

years of age: United States, 1889-70 to 1969-70

School yew Population,

17 yearn old'

High school groduates1 Number graduated per

100 persons

17 years of age

School yew Population

17 yearn old2

High Khoo! gredustel Number graduated per

100 persons

17 years of age Total Boys Girls Total Boys Girls

1 2 3 4 6 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 186170 .. 815,000 18,000 7,084 8,936 2.0 194150 . . .. 2,034,450 1,199,700 570,700 829,000 59.0

1878-80 .. . 946,026 23,634 10,806 13,029 2.5 1951.52 . . . . 2,040600 1,196,500 569,200 627,300 68.6 188190 .... 1,259,177 43,731 18,549 25,162 3.5 195154 .... 2,128,600 1,276,100 612,500 663,600 60.0

1899-1900 . 1,489,146 04,863 38,076 56,808 6.4 1955-56 . . . . 2,270,000 1,414,800 679,500 736,300 62.3 1909.10 . . . . 1,786,240 166,429 63,676 92,763 8.8 1957.58 . . . . 2,324,000 1,506,900 725,500 780,400 84.8

1919.20 . . , . 1,856,173 311,266 123684 187,582 16.8 1959-60 . .. . 2,862,006 1,864,000 898,000 966,000 66.1 1929.30 . . . . 2,295,822 668,904 300,376 386,528 29.0 1961 .62 . . . . 2,768,000 1,925,000 941,000 984,000 69.5 1939.40 . . . . 2,403,074 1,221,476 678,718 642,757 60.8 196364 . . . . 3001,000 2,290,000 1,121,000 1,169,000 76.3 194142 .. . . 2,426,674 1,242,375 676,717 665,668 51.2 1985.66 ... . 3,616,000 2632,000 1,308,000 1,324,000 74.9 194344 . . . . 2,410,389 1,019,233 423,971 695,262 42.3 1967-88 . . . . 3,621,000 2,702,000 1,341,000 1,361,000 76.7

1945.46 . . . . 2,254,738 1,080,033 468,926 613,107 47.9 190170' . ... 3,727,000 2,906,000 1,439,000 1,467,000 78.0 194748 . . . . 2,202,927 1,189,909 582,863 627,046 54.0

Include graduates of public and nonpublic schools. Oats from the Bureau of the Census. 3 Prollmlnory data.

NOTE: Beginning in 195180, includes Alaska and Hawaii.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Biennial Survey of Educe on in the United Stang, chapters on

Statistical Summary of Education; Stabs kg of Stan School Systems; Statistics of

Nonpublic Elementary end Secondary Schools; and unpublished data available In

the Office of Education.

Table 89.-Percent of high school dropouts among persons 14 to 19

years old, by race and sex: United berates, 1970

Age

Negro Wh Its Male Female Male Female

1 2 3 4 6 Total, 14 to 19 years old 15,9 13.3 6.7 11.1 14 yearn old 0.9 2.9 1.4 1.1 16 yen old 3.3 2.7 2.0 2.4 16 years old 10.9 11.1 5.0 6.7

17 yearn old 16.0 13.7 7.6 10.2 18 years old 29.8 27.8 13.6 14.1 19 years old 44.1 26.8 12.9 15.7 NOTE.-Dropouts are persons who are not enrolled in school and who are not

his school graduates.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Currant

Population Report,, Series P23, No. 38.

51

a.

64
Table 70.-Estimated revenue and nonrevenue receipts of public elementary and secondary schools, by source and by State: 1970.71

(Amounts In thouunds of dollars(

State Total revenue and nonrevenue

receipts

Revenue receipts Nonrevenue

receipts Total Federal' State Local and other' Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 United States $45,2641,215 041,030,566 $2,092,967 6.9 017,220,776 41.1 $21,816,823 62.0 $3,331,659

',Alabama 463,431 443,431 70,000 15.8 '278,431 82.8 95,000 21.4 10,000 Masks 158,470 131,483 23,000 17.5 91,602 89.7 16,881 12.8 28,987

krizone 414,497 386,373 29,388 7.8 172,385 44.8 184,600 47.8 28,124

1rkanses 285,813 281,813 48,088 18.4 116,627 44.5 97,118 37.1 24,000

:all fornie 4,584,000 4,184,000 212,000 5.1 1,472,000 35.2 2,500,000 59.8 400,000

1oloredo 508,851 488,861 35,466 7.3 147,395 30.3 304,000 6".4 20,000

.1onnecticut 770,000 760,000 15,000 2.1 200,000 28.3 544,000 71.6 10,0.0

)elewsre 172,900 147,400 10,400 7.1 106,000 71.2 32,000 21.7 25,600

Strict of Columbia' 235,100 235,100 '85,400 27.8 169,700 72.2

'Ioride 1,209,634 1,179,534 107,811 9.1 661,063 56.0 410,870 34.8 31, Ow

'Jew& 772,063 722,063 76,398 10.6 418,371 57.7 228,294 31.8 20,u00

lariaii4 205,900 205,900 15,900 7.7 184,000 89.4 8,000 2.9 0

daho 119,420 118,420 9,800 8.2 44,420 38.2 62,400 53.8 3,000

Ilinois 2,711,437 2,529,887 138,001 5.4 966,638 38.2 1,427,050 56.4 181,750

ndians 1,158,900 1,108,900 43,900 4.0 380,000 32.5 705,000 63,6 5,/,000

owe' 839,338 637,638 19,458 3.1 186,250 29.2 431,928 87.7 1,700 Canses 488,706 478,508 28,452 5.9 149,241 31.2 300,813 62.9 10,200

Con tucky 531,600 481,600 84,800 13.5 284,800 55.0 152,000 31.6 50,000

.ouislana 758,818 878,818 78,000 11.2 407,230 60.0 195,388 28.8 80,000

Amine 211,200 191,200 15,200 7.9 61,000 31.9 115,000 80.1 20,000

Airy land 1,093,933 960,813 55,811 5.8 338,718 35.3 566,084 58.9 133,320

irLssecht.setts 1,128,300 1,038,000 63,000 6.1 225,000 21.7 750,000 72.3 88,300

.1ichigen 2,147,300 1,907,300 70,300 3.7 867,000 45.5 970,000 50.9 240,000

olinnesos 1,025,000 900,000 '41,600 4.8 391,000 43.4 487,400 61.9 125,000

disruicol 333,850 321,850 72,250 22.4 188,800 52.4 81,000 25.2 12,000

dissouri 841,566 791,566 86,407 8.4 255,169 32.2 470,000 59.4 50,000

dontena 155,000 150,000 12,000 8.0 36,000 24.0 102,000 66.0 5,000

Jebreske 249,100 233,900 15,500 6.6 41,200 17.6 177,200 75.8 15,200

)evade 113,800 108,800 7,500 6.9 40,000 38.8 81,300 56.3 5,000

Jew Hampshire' 134,128 129,124 5,503 4.3 12,378 9.6 111,243 86.2 5,004

Jew Jersey 1,868,000 1,748,000 85,000 4.9 453,000 25.9 1,210,000 69.2 120,000

Jew Mexico 234,806 215,951 35,801 16.6 138.913 63.4 43,237 20.0 15,854

Jew York 5,465,000 4,990,000 217.000 4.3 2,391,000 47.9 2,382,000 47.7 475,000

forth Caroline 888,875 855,493 128,842 15.0 566,253 66.2 160,598 18.8 33,182

forth Oakota 115,300 110,300 8,800 8.0 28,500 25.8 73,000 66.2 5,000

)hio 2,161,100 1,955,400 92,800 4.7 662,600 28.8 1,300,000 66.5 205,700

)klehorne 400,700 372,700 36,700 9.8 182,000 43.5 174,000 46.7 28,000

)regon 549,900 489,900 28,900 5.9 96,000 19.6 385,000 74.5 60,000

'ennsylvanie 2,575,400 2,472,400 148,000 8.0 1,143,300 48.2 1,181,100 47.8 103,000

ihode Island 187,054 167,264 9,506 5.7 81,128 38.5 96,619 57.8 19,600

south Carolina 473,040 454,040 58,840 13.0 280,000 61.7 115,200 25.4 19,000

iouth Oakota 127,000 119,000 13,000 10.9 18,000 15.1 88,000 73.9 8,000

,'en nesse, faxes' 817,900

2,236,015

667,900

2,004,015

71,800

200,302

12.8 10.0 287,000

987,318

47.0

49.3

229,100

818,395

40.3

40.7 50,000

232,000

itch 222,228 217,440 12,059 5.5 118,908 54,7 86,475 39.8 4,788 hormone 122,900 114,900 2,900 2.5 39,000 33.9 73,000 63.5 8,000 /rain'. 1,002,000 922.500 97,500 10.8 325,000 35.2 500,000 64.2 79,500

Nash ington 885,000 795,000 45,000 5,7 450,000 56.8 300,000 37.7 90,000

Vest Virginia' 301,200 295,200 36,200 12.3 144,000 48.8 115,000 39.0 6,000 Visconsin 1,147,745 1,083,995 33,804 3.1 317,361 29.3 732,830 87.8 63,750

Nyomingl 1 79,500 77,500 17,500 22.8 20,000 25.8 40,000 51.8 2,000

' Federal revenue receipts include Federal grant programs to State and local

school systems, including funds under the Elementary and Secondary Education

Act, Economic Opportunity Act, aid to federally impacted areas, National

Defense Education Act, Manpower Development end Training, vocational

education, etc. Funds: received from the School Lunch end Milk Program are

Included, but reporting on the money value of commodities received Is

incomplete. ESEA revenues have generally been estimated on e cash expenditure

'Local end other revenue receipts include revenue receipts from local and

Intermediate sources, gifts, and tuition end fees from patrons.

'Includes social security end teacher retirement for ell educational agencies end

institutions.

'Estimated by NEA Research Division.

'Includes Federal appropriations for capital outlay, civil defense, Capitol Page

School, end other federally funded programs.

Includes State appropriation for area vocational schools end junior colleges not

the responsiiiity of local school districts.

52

Excludes value of commodivss. *Excludes State's share of teacher retirement end social security.

'Excludes revenues for kindergartens.

'1 Includes in Federal revenue $17,500,000 in oil royalties which are appropriated

by the State legislature for schools end could thereby be considered State

funds. NOTE.- 8eceuse of rounding, percents may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: Nation*, Education Association, Research Oivision, Research Report

1970R15, Estimate: of School Statistics, 1970-71. (Copyright 0 1970 by the

National Education Association. All rights reserved.)
Teble 71.-Reyenu receipts of public slwnevitary and secondary schools from Fedwal,

Stahl, 106.1, and othw sources, by State: 111674111

(Amounts In thousands of dollars)

State Total revenue

receipts

Federal' Stahl Loc.. (Including intarmediate) Other minus recelpts2

Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total Amount Percent of total 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 United States 631,903,084 121011,484 IA 912,275,130 38.6 118,41111,307 52.3 6129,751 0.4 Alabama 386340 78,044 20.2 217,008 56.2 89,510 23.2 1,777 Alaska 63,312 13,647 21.6 27,451 43.4 22,166 35.0 59 .1 Arizona 271,113 32,454 12.0 83,414 30.8 154,672 57.1 573 .2 Arkansas 228,544 45,421 19.9 98.836 43.2 84,060 38.9 226 .1 California 4,1 09,887 300,829 7.5 1,470,687 36.8 2,327,421 96.6 1.970 13) Colorado 351,341 32,470 9.2 83,163 23.7 235,588 67.1 119 (3) Connecticut 499,679 25,206 5.0 169,405 33.9 304,714 61.0 35g .1 Delaware 102,666 8,908 8.6 73,453 71.5 20,407 19.9 District of Columbia 134,859 32,940 24.4 .... .... 101,918 75.6 .... .... Florida 894,161 114,773 12.8 389,820 43.6 384,813 43.0 4,766 .5 Georgia 634,019 87,742 13.8 366,172 57.8 178,000 28.1 2,014 .3 Hawaii 124,575 16,613 13.3 101,805 81.7 46,157 4.9 .... ....

Idaho 96,162 11.379 11.6 33,345 34.0 53.184 54.2 255 .3

Illinois . 1,675,718 108,221 F 5 431,481 25.7 1,118,823 68.8 17,392 1.0

Indiana 824,127 47,376 6.7 298,166 36.2 476,730 57.8 1,858 .2

Iowa 437,801 36,241 8.3 108,578 24.8 291,270 66.5 1,713 .4 Kansas 365,531 33,641 9.2 102,939 28.2 228,951 62.6 .... .... Kentucky 351,274 66,022 15.9 170,198 48.5 123,992 35.3 1,061 .3 Louisiana 528,188 67,227 12.7 307,326 58.2 153,109 29.0 487 .1 Maine 136,041 11,071 8.1 41,062 30.2 83,549 61.4 389 .3 Maryland 676,596 64,056 9.5 245,627 36.3 365,438 54.0 1,476 .2 Massachusetts 850,967 81,874 9.5 193,216 22.5 583,021 67.8 1,856 .2 Michigans 1,627,903 85,656 5.3 684,296 42.0 856,007 52.6 1,945 .1 Minnesota 864,883 45,748 6.9 289,181 43.5 327,919 49.3 2,036 .3 Mississippi 256,639 66,594 22.1 125,123 48.8 72,626 28.3 2,197 .9 Missouri 669,310 60,238 9.0 206,456 30.8 401,858 6" 750 .1 Montana 129,389 12,705 9.8 34,516 26.7 81,898 63.3 270 .2 Nebraska 178,080 17,866 10.0 8,303 4.7 151,316 85.0 597 .3 Nevada 83,055 7,001 8.4 31,228 37.6 44,367 53.4 458 .6 New Hampshire 89,147 6.177 6.9 9,751 10.9 73,032 81.9 186 .2 New Jarsay 1,167,243 667,875 5.8 315,930 27.1 783,439 67.1 .... New Mexico 179,372 634,730 19.4 111,688 62.3 32,661 18.2 293 New York 3,681,370 160,378 4.4 1,669,227 45.3 1,8 79,584 49.7 22,182 .6 North Carolina 548,357 102,115 184 7330,384 60.2 6115,858 21.1 .... North Dakota 101,153 10,312 10.2 25,665 25.4 64,989 64.2 187 .2 Ohio 1,575,832 103,708 6.6 427,111 27.1 1,038,129 65.9 6,184 .4 Oklahoma 331,624 48,579 14.6 114,289 34.5 168,748 50.9 9 (3)

Oregon 358,154 IA '51 4.1 88,743 24.8 252,750 70.6 1,910 .5 Pennsylvania 1,676,174 124,330 7.4 704,875 42.1 835,538 49.8 11,431 .7 Rhode Island 113,496 9,083 8.0 34,996 30.8 00,317 61.1 100 .1 South Carolina 314,748 55,109 17.5 178,448 56.7 80,882 25.7 309 .1 South Dakota 99,740 13,300 13.3 12,084 12.1 73,833 74.0 523 .5 Tennessee 424,480 75,434 17.8 210,948 49.7 138,316 32.1 1,782 .4 Texas 1,417,500 159,162 11.2 638,826 45.1 588,155 41.5 31,356 2.2 Utah 185,356 19,802 10.7 90,093 48.6 75,010 40.5 451 .2 Varmont 70,737 5,224 7.4 23,772 33.6 41,403 68.5 339 .5 Virginia 637,133 81,754 12.8 228,388 35.8 324,279 60.9 2,711 .4 Washington 591,421 43,998 7.4 334,472 58.6 211,283 35.7 1,667 .3 West Virginia 225,450 30,742 13.6 114,743 60.9 79,479 35.3 486 .2 Wisconsin 893,222 36,009 5.2 196,559 28.4 460,220 66.4 435 .1 Wyoming 58,395 3,039 5.2 22,317 38.2 32,979 58.5 59 .1 Outlying areas: Canal Zone 15,643 15,643 100.0 .... .... . .... Guam 10,914 3,048 27.9 7,868 72.1 .... .... .... .... Puerto Rico 186,361 45,442 24.4 ... .... 140,919 76.6 .... .... Virgin Islands 10,383 1,710 16.5 i 8,673 83.5 .... ....

'Includes value of commodities distributed under the school lunch and milk

programs. 2Includes gifts, tuition, and transportation fen.

3Less than 0.05 percent.

4Some local revenues are still being reported even though tha entire State of

Hawaii is now a single school district.

5Deta estimated by the Office of Education.

6Partly estimated by the Office of Education.

'Estimated from 196548 data.

Data for 196566. ,

(NO)/E: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

.-SISIORCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems, 196748.

53
Table 72,-Public elementary and secondary school revenue receipts from Federal,

State, and local sources: United States, 1019.20 to 1969-70

School year Total Federal State

Local (including

Inter. medista 'I School year Total Federal State

Local (Including

inter

mediate))

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 AMOUNT IN THOUSANOS OF OOLLARS PERCENTAGE OISTRIBUTION

191920 $970,120 $2,475 $160,065 8807,561 191620 100.0 0.3 16.5 83.2 192930 2,088,567 7,334 353,670 1,727,553 192630 100.0 .4 16.9 82.7

1939-40 2,280,527 39,810 661,354 1,538,363 193940 100.0 1.8 30.3 88.0

1941.42 2,416,580 34,305 759,993 1,822,281 194142 100.0 1.4 31.5 67.1 1943-44 2,604,322 35,886 859,183 1,709,253 1943-44 100.0 IA 33.0 65.6

1945-46 3,059,845 41,378 1,062,057 1,958,409 194546 100.0 1.4 34.7 63.8

1947.48 4,311,534 120,270 1,678,362 2,514,902 1947.48 100.0 2.6 38.9 58.3 194650 5,437,044 156,848 2,165,689 3,115,607 1949.50 100.0 2.9 39.8 57.3

1951.52 ',423,818 227,711 2,478,596 3,717,607 1951.52 100.0 3.5 38.6 57.8

1953.54 7,886,852 356,237 2,944,103 4,567,512 1953.54 100.0 4 5 37.4 58.1 95656 9,686,677 441,442 3,820,886 5,416,350 195546 10G.0 4.6 39.5 55.9 1957.58 12,181,513 486,484 4,800,388 6,891,881 55748 ...... 100.0 4.0 39.4 56.6

1959-60 14,746.618 851,839 5,768,047 8,326,932 19.:8.60 100.0 4.4 39.1 56.5

1961-62 17,527,707 760,975 6,789,190 9,977,542 198142 100.0 4.3 38.7 56.9

1963-64 20,544,182 896,958 8,078,014 11,589,213 1963.84 100.0 4.4 39.3 56.3

1965-66 25,356,858 1,996,984 9,920,219 13,439,686 1985-86 100.0 7.9 39.1 53.0 196788 31,903,064 2,808,480 12,275,530 16,821,063 198748 100.0 8.8 38.5 52.7 1969701 39,100,000 3,100,000 15,200,030 20,900,000 1966701 100.0 7.9 38.9 53.2

Include. a relatively minor amount from other sou cos (gfts and tuition and

trar,portetion fees from patrons), which accounted for 0.4 percent of total

revenue receipts In 196748.

'Estimated.

NOTE: Beginning in 195940, includes Alaska and Hawaii. Because of rounding.

detail may not odd to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of Stet. School Systems.

Table 73.-Results of public school bond elections: United States, 1967.68 to 1969-70

Fiscal year Number of elections Percent approved

based on number

Per value of Issues voted on

(in millions) Percent approved

based on Total Approved Total Approved dollar value

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1957.58 ('I (IP (II 91.542 $1,123 72.8 1958-59 11) II) I1) 1,601 1,433 79.6 195040 (I) (I) 11) 2,672 1.792 67.1 1960-61 (I) (1) (t) 1,605 1,218 75.9

1961-62 1,432 1,034 72.2 1,849 1,273 88.9

1962-63 2,048 1,482 72.4 2,659 1,851 69.6

1963-64 2,071 1,501 72.5 2,672 1,900 71.1 1964-65 2,041 1,525 74.7 3,129 2,485 79.4 196566 1,745 1,265 72.5 3,560 2,652 74.5

1968-67 1,625 1,082 66.6 3,083 2,119 69.2 196/68 1,760 1,183 67.6 3,740 2,338 62.6 196880 1,341 782 56.8 3,913 1,707 43.6

1969-70 1,216 647 53.2 3,285 1,627 49.5

I Oats not mailable.

SOURCE: U.S. °apartment of Hearth, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, fond Sales for Public School Purposes, IA59-70.

54
Table 74.-Estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by purpose and by State: 1970.71

1ln thousands of dollars)

State Total expenditures

2

Current expenditures

Capital

outlay

Interest on

school debt Total

3

' Public

elementary

and secondary

day schools 4

Other programs'

1 5 6 7 Un Ited States $44,423,885 $38,028,223 $38,453,585 $1,572,838 $5,081,381 $1,338,281 Alabama 434,673 371,973 369,773 2.200 51.200 11,500 Alaska 142,355 107,710 105,745 1,965 30.965 3,680 Arizona 406,278 333,325 333,325 . 66,212 6,741 Arkansas 278,541 242,532 239,832 2,700 27,009 9,000 California 6,346,782 4,532,674 3,942,624 590,050 665,007 149,101 Colorado 466,667 404,267 399,367 4,900 50,000 12,400 Connecticut 656,100 604,800 600,000 4,800 32,000 19,300

0,laware 160,050 117,750 117,300 450 35,000 7,300

District of Columbia 179,869 152,278 141,743 10.535 27,591

Florid, 1,279,199 1,040,381 1,040,381 - - - 212,932 26,886

Georgia 769,437 671,441 656,241 15,200 69,886 28,110 Hawaii 202,499 169,409 162,499 6,910 31,501 1,589

Idaho 132,683 109,633 109,650 33 15,600 7,500

Illinois 2,420,313 2,054,183 1,967,583 86,600 291,000 75,130

Indiana 1,163,500 877,900 861,000 16,900 241,000 44,600

Iowa 721,198 621,200 590,000 31,200 87,064 12,934 Kansas 419,044 377,419 360,164 17,255 35,890 5,736

Kentucky 461,900 404,900 404,000 900 42,000 15,000

Louisiana 698,229 622,229 620,829 1,400 55,000 21,000 Maine 207,200 179,200 175,000 4,200 23,000 5,000

Maryland 1,042,408 815,562 807,827 7,735 190,512 36,334 Massachusetts 1,118,000 983,000 938,000 45,000 85,000 50,000

Michigan 2,292,000 1,913,000 1,879,000 34,000 295,000 84,000 Minnesota 1,102,050 909,173 896,423 12,750 150,588 42,289

Mississippi 303,600 287,600 262,500 25,100 12,000 4,000 Missouri 835,093 747,393 685,533 61,860 67,000 20,700 Montana 169,000 147,000 142,000 5,000 18,500 3,500 Nebraska 269,500 221,500 213,500 8,000 40,000 8,000 Nevada 108,400 96,400 , 94,500 1,900 7,000 5,000

New Hampshire 133,422 106,040 105,595 445 22,879 4,503

New Jersey 1,727,000 1,559,000 1,530,000 29,000 110,000 58.000 New Mexico 251,236 214,667 208,792 5,875 33,991 2,578 New York 5,157,000 4,553,000 4,336,000 217,000 452,000 152,000 North Carolina 848,318 767,818 713,486 54,332 67,000 13,500 North Dakota 110,100 99,800 97,500 2,300 7,000 3,300 Ohio 2,034,000 1,780,000 1,750,000 30,000 200,000 54,000 Oklahoma 428,700 308,300 385,400 2,900 35,000 5,400

Oregon 474,500 411,500 410,500 1,000 53,000 10,000

Pennsylvania 2,715,600 2,180,000 2,088,932 91,068 414,000 121,600 Rhode Island 192,667 165,241 164,326 915 21,240 6,186 South Carolina 458,485 400,485 392,485 8,000 50,000 8,000 South Dakota 130,500 112,600 112,600 - 16,000 1,900

Tennessee 577,400 519,000 510,000 9,000 40,000 18,400 Texas 1,945,531 1,600,531 ",,577,964 22,567 275,000 70,000 Utah 216,381 188,642 185,361 3,281 23,657 4,082 Vermont 118,222 107,919 107,809 110 7,669 2,634

Virginia 954,100 829,600 809,600 20,000 100,000 24,500

Washington 835,700 725,200 665,000 60,200 85,000 25,500

West Virginia 271,400 241,000 237,700 3,300 27,000 3,400 Wisconsin 974,035 883,998 872,196 11,802 60,068 29,969

Wyoming 83,000 76,000 76,000 - - - 5,500 1,500

Outlying areas: Canal Zone 15,569 15,127 14,092 1,035 442 - - Guam 20,303 19,143 18,634 509 1,160 - - - Puerto Rico 279,670 258,658 240,987 17,671 21,012 - -

Includes expenditures for summer schools, adult education, community services

(such public libraries operated by school districts, expenditures for nonpublic

schools where authorized by law, community centers, and recreational activi

ties), and community colleges and technical institutes under the jurisdiction of

local boards of education.

55

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schools.

0
Table 75.- Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary

education, by purpose and by State: 1987.88

;In thousands of dollars; State Total expenditures, all schools

Current expenditures for full-time elementary and secondary day schools Other programs Capital

outlay

Interest on

school debt Total Adminis

trat ion I Instruction Operationof plant Mainte- nonce of plant Fixed

char es Other school services

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 United States $32,977,182 $28,877,182 $1,249,028 $18,375,782 $2,074,838 $789,760 282,388,288 $1,999,689 $886,419 54,255,791 $977,810 Alabama 391,496 348,247 10,561 233,728 14,904 7,441 233,733 47,882 1,949 38,086 3,214 Alaska 72,900 69,669 4,295 39,199 6,857 2,346 3 032 3,940 217 10,560 2,454 Arizona 277,973 235,631 9,797 174,228 20,422 8,161 8,740 14,283 2,493 33,647 6,202 Arkansas 244,218 205,290 10,697 124,803 11,770 8,583 21,517 27,921 586 32,585 5,757 California 4,045,011 3,020,912 174,211 2,166,032 233,927 102,934 209,608 134,200 379,019 505,244 139,836 Colorado 347,835 294,40E 13,093 208,997 24,036 8,826 20,061 19,392 3,575 39,772 ;10,083 Connecticut 496,364 444,11 17,985 316,283 34,243 10,848 33,326 31,448 3,020 33,732 15,500 Delaware 114,A94 81,57 5,293 55,586 6,916 2,287 5,528 5,966 407 27,365 5,346

District of Columbia 134,391 112,470 3,207 79,921 10,406 4,743 9,470 4,725 5,504 16,417 - Florida 899,032 699,010 24,653 523,292 45,115 19,360 45,367 41,225 63,374 121: 80 14,868

Georgia r 652,415 521,126 23,630 384,509 28,870 13,413 44,417 46,287 12,454 104,750 14,086 Hawaii 126,236 104,736 7,485 72,016 3,698 5,700 7,532 8,305 1,796 17,831 1,873

Idaho 99,685 86,972 4,429 58,310 6,970 2,170 8,055 7,037 149 10,664 1,900

Illinois 1,703,469 1,427,886 74,231 973,917 142,705 45,052 104,360 87,621 22,553 206,775 44,255

Indiana 913,567 680,084 20,283 487,400 59,719 19,510 57,318 55,853 14,371 3198,809 20,303

Iowa 487,457 416,409 31,867 274,278 435,585 410,992 28,119 35,578 4,430 57,352 9,266 Kansas 365,387 304,304 13,569 212,221 25,173 9,161 18,694 25,486 474 55,958 4,651

Kentucky 347,408 300,555 12,863 210,535 18,241 6 285 18,6 -,6 33,776 8,306 30,338 8,209

Louisiana . . 540,965 447,737 16,917 301,788 22,799 13,068 35,099 58,066 4,306 71,730 17,192 Maine 135,396 113,912 5,488 77,599 9,743 2,313 7,346 10,923 966 18,066 2,452

Maryland 725,360 538,626 17,150 381,791 43,280 19,403 10,037 36,966 35,585 124,875 26,274 Massachusetts 833,454 727,488 25,946 496,795 64,693 17,756 59,413 62,883 8,493 77,927 19,546

Michigan 1,722,983 1,384,716 54,306 930,718 132,136 38,393 158,277 70,886 24,407 253,500 60,360 Minnesota 738,138 573,689 24,064 387,936 53,493 12,022 248.128 48,046 6,948 129,047 28,454

Mississippi 251,687 199,041 8,576 134,565 11,176 6,';37 11,563 26,624 14,840 33,726 4,080 Missouri 662.858 510,596 21,233 358,746 40,066 111.225 31,131 41,193 27,517 106,726 18,019 Montana 129,880 105,217 6,167 69,596 8,379 4,150 7,419 9,506 1,155 19,948 3,360 Nebraska 212,662 177944 9,518 120,823 14,403 6,825 13,942 12,434 3,254 25,688 5,776 Nevado 96,486 70,868 2,710 51,832 6,088 2,175 4,254 3,807 1,101 19,089 5,430

New Hamprhire 94,318 74,764 3,505 50,927 6,308 1,681 4,738 7,605 311 16,212 3,031

New Jersey 1,262,276 1,016,384 38,491 674,302 80,314 30,764 122,844 69,670 17,505 189,457 38,930 New Mexico 182,227 154,591 5,815 105,858 11,491 4,434, 12,641 14,352 604 25,119 1913 Yaw York 3,757,442 3,245,717 161,159 2,057,317 4220,810 477,986 446,127 282,318 70,539 323,826 117,360 North Caroline 607,170 533,211 417,293 385,120 25,111 16,339 43,867 45,481 415 563,250 410,294 North Dakota 99,558 81,365 4,581 53,464 7,281 1,785 4,730 9,524 56 15,257 2.880 Dhio 1,558,569 1,320,616 82,668 893,199 129,497 32,034 136,575 66,643 18,209 180.870 38,874 DkIshoma 323,166 136,757 13 309 192,405 21,548 15,485 20,894 23,116 2,214 28,921 5,274

Dragon 366,258 302,599 14,886 210,235 24,762 11,547 21,151 20,016 6,677 50,136 6.846

Iennsylvenie 1,794,889 1,448,667 76,583 954,276 116,445 42,075 143,289 115,997 28,791 3211,962 105,449 Rhode Island 128,981 104,481 3,456 73,547 9,401 2,152 8,471 7,454 P'7 20,028 3,595

louth Caroline 329,895 282,085 17,097 184932 14,400 7,272 27,952 30,432 9,398 32,773 5,639 3outh Dakota 105,015 89,468 5,880 60,882 7,128 2,454 5,583 7,541 471 13,478 1,598

Tennessee 487,911 383,289 16,851 260,783 23,891 8,839 35,907 37,018 10,393 79,00n 15,220

Texas 1,564,726 1,280,974 66,802 930,446 79,892 34,999 83,327 85,508 14,811 206,168 62,773 it'll 1P2,227 151,100 6,900 101,176 11,605 6,659 214,156 10,604 5,592 31,550 3,985

Almon t 67,663 56,765 3,956 38,545 4,594 1,642 3,710 4,318 157 9,160 1,581

irgini 684,799 531939 18,993 377,807 34,712 19,324 39,556 40,848 14,439 100,433 18,888

Nashington 619,081 506,177 21,156 346,888 42,790 16,596 46,069 32,678 3,065 95,973 13.866 Nest Virginia 230,880 197,845 8,500 131,778 13,283 6,447 216,715 21,122 2,903 27,631 2,501 Nisconsin 712,377 581,063 23,518 387,300 49,144 18,222 52,082 50,797 5,620 108,527 17,167

Nyoming 58,567 54,980 3,425 37,153 4,418 1,845 3,550 4,589 123 2,064 '1,400

Dutlying areas: Canal Zone 15,643 10,048 446 6,930 882 589 971 230 1,648 3,947 Guam 18,132 14,284 2,578 8,789 212 730 538 1,437 3,849 Puerto Rico 189,747 159,221 8,697 98,712 7,408 7S1 12,727 32,904 9,077 21.449

I Includes expenditures for administration at all levels.

2 Includes expenditures not allocable to pupil costs which amounted to a total of

$1,828,000. States reporting such expenditures were Alabama, $984,000;

Minnows', $731,000; Utah, $9,000; and West Virginia, $104,000. These amounts

were excludad in computing per pupil expenditures.

3Includs I in this table ars capital outlays by State and local schooihousing

authorities in 2 States which amounted to an estimated total Of $169,146,000 in

1967.68 1889,590,000 in Indian. and $79,556,000 in Pennsylvania).

V

56

4 Estimated by the Office of Education.

$ Date are for the 1965-66 school year.

NOTE.--Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: US. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems, 1967-68.
Table 76.-Summary of expenditures for public elementary and secondary

education, by purpose: United States, 1919.20 to 1967.88

Purpose of expenditure

School year 1919-20 1929-30 193940 1949.50 1957.58 195960 1961-62 1963-64 1965-66 1967-68

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total expenditures, ill schools Current expenditures, all schools Public elenirntary and

secondary schools . . . . Administration . Instruction

Plant operation . . . Plant maintenance . Fixed charges

Other school swv

ices' Summer schools= Adult education

Community colleges . . . Community services . Capital outlay3

Interest Total expenditures, all schoob Current expenditures, all schools Public elementary and

secondary schools ....

Administration . . Instruction

Plant operation . , Plant maintenance Fixed charges Other school services' Summer schools Adult education2 Community colleges . . . . Community services . Capital outlay3

Interest

AMOUNTS IN THOUSANDS OF DOLLARS

111,036,151 92,316,790 92,344,049 $5,837,043 913,569,163 915,613,265 818,373,339 $21,324,993 11213,248,028 932,977,1112

864,397 1,853,377 1,955.166 4,722,288 10,374,494 12,461,956 14,923,363 17,645,973 21,701,584 27,743,581

861,120

38,752

632,556

115,707

30,432

9,286

36,387

1,843,552

78,680

1,317,727

216,072

78,810

60,270

101,993

1,941,799

91,571

1,403,285

194,365

73,321

60,116

129,141

4,687,274

220,050

3,112,340

427,587

214,164

261,469

451,663

10,251,843

443,325

6,900,899

924,342

378,127

715,033

890,118

12,329,389

528,408

8,350,738

1,085,036

422,586

909,323

1,033,297

14,729,270

648,372

10,018,280

1,283,085

477,348

1,077,278

1,226449

17,218,446

744,770

11,750,469

1,445,845

539,188

1,343,684

1,394,492

21,063,280

937,646

14,445,484

1,762,745

623,581

1,700,985

1,582,858

26,877,182

1,249,028

18,375,762

2,074,638

789,760

2,388,286

1,999,889

(2) 3,277

(2)

(I)

(2) 9,825

(2)

41)

(2)

13,367

(2) Itl

J2) 35,614

(2) 4,554

36,749

40,492

40,855

13,263

26,858

34,492

57,953

21,326

29,536

71,262

71,979

28,994

74,872

245,433

78,229

70,310

120,874

301,545

155,575

153,543

18,212

370,878

92,536

257,974

130,909

1,014,176

100,578

2,852,747

341,922

2,661,786

489,514

2,862,153

587,823

2,977,976

701,044

3,764,862

791,580

105,894

151,864

390,089

218,592

4,255,791

977,810

PERCENTAGE DISTRIBUTION

100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0

81.2 79.0 80.2

3.5

54.5 7.0

2.6 5.9

6.8

17.0

3.1 4 Less than 0.05 of 1 percent.

83.4 80.0 83.4 80.9

83.1 79.6 82.8 80.3

3.5 61.0

11.2 2.9

.9 3.5

3.4

56.9 9.3 34

2.2 4.4

3.9 59.9 8.3

3.1 2.1 5.5

3.8

53.3 7.3

3.7 4.5

7.7

(2)

.3

(2) (I)

(2)

.4

(2)

(I)

(2)

.6

(2)

(II

(2)

.6

(2)

ii) 14.8

1.8 16.0 4.0

11.0

5.6

17.4

1.7

'Prior to 1957-58, items included under "other school services" were l'sted under

"auxiliary services," a more comprehensive classification which also included

community services.

'Prior to 1957-58, data shown for adult education represent combined

expenditures for adult education, summer schools, and community colleges.

'Prior to 1965-66, excludes capital outlay by State and local schoolhousing

authorities.

57

76.5

75.6

3.3 50.9 6.8

2.8

5.3 6.6

(4)

.3

.3

.3 21.0

2.5

79.8

3.4

53.5 6.9

2.7

5.8 6.6

.1

.2

.2

.1

.2

.4 15.6

3.2

100.0 100.0 100.0

82.7 82.7 84.1 80.7 80.2 81.5

3.5

55.1 6.8 2.5 6.3

6.5

3.6 55.0

6.7

2.4 8.5 8.0

3.8 55.7 6.3

2.4

7.2

8.1

.1

.4 1.2

.4

.3

.5

1.1

.6

.3

.5

1.2

.7 14.0 3.3

14.3 3.0

12.9 3.0 NOTE.-Beginning in 195960, includes Alaska end Hawaii. Because of rounding,

detail may not add to totals. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems.
Table 77,-Personal income, 1970, related to estimated expenditures for public elementary and secondary education, by State: 1970-71

State Personal income Total expenditures for

public elementary and

secondary education

Current expenditures for

public elementary and

secondary day schools Total (in millions) Per capita Amount

(in thousands!'

As a percent

of personal Income Amount

lin thousands)

Asa percent

of personal

income

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 United Statile $797,076 $3,910 $44,423.865 5.57 $36,453,586 4.67 Alabama 9,762 2,828 434,673 4.46 369,773 3,79 Alaska 1,426 4 C. a 142,355 9.98 105,745 7.42 Arizona 6,334 3,642 406,278 6.41 333,325 6.26 Arkansas 5,283 2,742 278,541 5.27 239,832 4.54 California 89,761 4,469 5,346,782 5.96 3,942,624 4.39 Colorado 8,331 3,751 466,667 5.60 399,367 4.79 Connecticut 14,647 4,807 656,100 4.48 600,000 4.10 Delaware 2,332 4,233 160,050 6.86 117,300 5.03 District of Columbia 4,172 5,619 179,869 4.31 141,743 3.40 Florida 24,559 3,584 1,279,199 5.21 1,040,381 4.24 3eorgia .. 15,102 3,277 769,437 5.09 656,241 4.35 Hawaii 3,429 4,630 202,499 5.91 162,499 4.74

Idaho 2,289 3,206 132,683 5.80 109,650 4.79

Illinois 50,325 4,516 2,420,313 4.81 1,967,583 3.91

Indiana 19,651 3,773 1,163,500 5.92 861,000 4.38

Iowa 10,499 3,714 721,198 6.87 590,000 5.62 Kansas 8,562 3,804 419,044 4.89 360,164 4.21 Kentucky 9,866 3,060 461,900 4.68 404,000 4.09

Louisiana 11,199 3.065 698,229 6.23 620,829 5.54 Maine 3,223 3,243 207,200 6.43 175,000 5.43 Maryland 16,770 4,247 1,042,408 6.22 807,827 4.82 Massachusetts 24,493 4,294 1,118,000 4.56 938,000 3.83 Michigan 36,001 4,043 2,292,000 6.37 1,879,000 5.22 Minnesota 14,473 3,793 1,102,050 7.61 896,423 6.19 Miuissippi 5,680 2,561 303,600 5.35 262,500 4.62 Missouri 17,150 3,659 835,093 4.87 685,533 4.00 Montana 2,350 3,381 169,000 7.19 142,000 6.04 Nebraska 5,498 3,700 269,500 4.90 213,500 3.88 Nevada 2,258 4,544 108,400 4.80 94,500 4.19 New Hampshire 2,677 3,608 133,422 4.98 105,595 3.94 New Jersey 32.678 4,539 1,727,000 5.28 1,530,000 4.68 New Mexico 3.099 3.044 251,236 8.11 208,792 6.74 New York 87,462 4,797 5,151,000 5.90 4,336,000 4.96 North Carolina 16,244 3,188 848,318 5.22 713,486 4.39 North Dakota 1,812 2,937 110,100 6.08 97.500 5.38 Ohio 42,530 3,983 2,034,000 4.78 1.750,000 4.11 Oklahoma 8.385 3,269 428,700 5.11 385,400 4.60 Oregon 7.776 3,700 474,500 6.10 410,500 5.28 Pennsylvania 4D,962 3,893 2,715,600 5.91 2,088.932 4.54 Rhode Island 3,732 3,920 192,667 5.16 164,326 4.40 South Caroline 7,549 2,908 458.485 6.07 392,485 5.20 South Dakota 2,119 3,182 130,500 6.16 112,600 5.31 Tennessee 12,002 3,051 577,400 4.81 510,000 4.25 Texas 39,625 3,515 1,945.531 4.92 1,577,964 3.99 Utah 3.416 3,210 216,381 6.33 185.361 5.43 Vermont 1,657 3.491 118,222 7.59 107,809 6.92 Virginia 16,738 3,586 954,100 5.70 809,600 4.84 Washington 13,679 3.993 835.700 6.11 665,000 4.86 West Virginia 5,103 2,929 271.400 5.32 237,700 4.66 Wisconsin 16,491 3,722 974,035 5.91 872,196 5.29 Wyoming 1,136 3,420 83,000 7.31 76,000 6.69

'Includes current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest.

NOTE. - Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

58

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schools; U.S. Department of Commerce,

Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Business, April 1971.
Table 78.-Estimated expenditure per pupil in average daily attendance

in public elementary and secondary day schools, by State: 1970.71

Expenditure per pupil State Total' Current Capital Interest on outlay school debt

1 2 3 4 6 Unitas! States $1,008 $858 $119 $31 Alabama Alaska 672 489 68 15 Arizona

1,937 1,429 418 50 Arkansas 985 808 161 16 California

665 578 65 22 1,060 879 148 33 Colorado 902 780 98 24 Connecticut 1,082 997 53 32 Delaware 1,298 954 285 59 District of Columbia Florida

1,250 1,046 204 ... 954 776 159 19 Georgia Hawaii 729 634 68 27

Idaho

1,144 951 184 9

Illinois

761 629 89 43

Indiana 1,112 937 139 36 1,025 770 215 40

Iowa Kansas 1,104 944 139 21 Kentucky 860 771 77 12 Louisiana

709 621 65 23 Maine 904 806 71 27 885 763 100 22 Maryland Massachusetts 1,240 968 228 44 Michigan 1,126 856 78 46 Minnesota

,126 937 147 42 Mississippi 553

1,021 1.12 48

521 24 8 Missouri 843 747 73 23 Montane 1,000 866 113 21 Yebraska 837 663 128 Yew Hampshire 60. 26 Yevada 911 808

918 729 168' 43

31

Iew Jersey . Iew Mexico

1,207 1,088 78 41

Iew York 912 776 126 10 1,561 1,370 143 48 Vorth Carolina

V 714 642 60 12forth Dakota 761 689 49 23

)hio

)klahoma 891 778 89 24

)regon 1.079 676 61 9

'ennsylvania .979 935 121 23

thode Island

1,191 948 188 55 1,147 983 127 37

iouth Carolina

)ouch Dakota 753 656 84 13

'ennessee 826 713 101 12

'exas 670 601 47 22

ltah

775 636 111 28

739 643 82 14

rermont firginia

1,162 1,061 75 26 Washington 1,018 800 99 24 Vest Virginia '918 873 112 33 Wisconsin

704 624 71 9 Wyoming

1,078 977 67 34 1,012 927 67 18 Outlying areas: American Samoa' Canal Zone 634 634 - -- Guam

1,139 1,104 35 Puerto Rico

854 804 50 416 383 33 ...

Includes current expenditures, capital outlay, and interest on schou debt.

'Data for 1969.70. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Fall 1970 Statistics of Public Schools,' and unpublished data.

59

Table 79.-Total and current expenditure per pupil in average daily

attendance in public elementary and secondary schools:

United States, 1929-30 to 1970-71

Adjusted dollars

Unadjusted dollars (1970.71 purchasing

School year power)'

Total' Current . Total' Current

1 2 3 4 s 1929.30 $108 $87 $260 $202

1931-32 97 81 267 223

1933.34 76 67 228 201 1935-36 88 74 254 214 1937.36 100 84 277 233

1939.40 106 88 301 260

1941.42 110 98 280 260

1943-44 125 117 285 267

1945-46 145 136 316 296

1947-48 203 179 346 305

1949-P1 259 209 434 360

'1 7' 313 244 473 388 19 '-54 351 265 518 391 19hti- " 388 294 573 434

1957-58 449 341 624 474

1959-60 472 375 638 607

1961-62 630 419 700 553

1963-64 559 460 719 592

1965.66 654 537 813 668

1967-68 786 658 917 768

1969-70' 926 783 973 823 1970.71' 1,008 858 1,008 858

'Based on the Consumer Price Index, Prepared by the bureau of Labor Statistics,

U.S. Department of Labor.

'Includes current expenditure, capital outlay, and interest on school debt

'Estimated,

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, office of

Education, Statistics of State School Systems; and Fall Statistics of Puolic Schools. Table 80.-Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for

vocational education: United States and outlying areas, 1920 to 1970

(In thousands of dollersi

Fiscal year Total Federal State Local

1 2 3 4 5 1920 $8,535 $2,477 $2,670 $3,388

1930 29.909 7,404 8,233 14,272

1940 55.081 20,004 11,737 23,340

1942 59,023 20,758 14,045 24,220

1944 64,299 19,958 15,016 29,325

1946 72,807 20,628 18,538 33,641

1948 103,339 26,200 25,834 51,305

1950 128,717 26,623 40,534 61,661

1952 146,466 25,863 47,818 72,784

1954 151,289 25,419 54,550 71,320

1956 175,886 33,180 61,821 80,884

1958 209,748 38,733 72,305 98,710

1960 238,812 45,313 82,466 111,033

1962 283,948 51,438 104,264 128,246

1964 332,785 55,027 124,975 152,784

1966 799,895 233,794 216,583 349,518

1968 1,192,863 262,384 400,362 530,117

19f 1 1,368,757 254,676 467,173 646,907

19 3' 1,841,846 300,046 la I 1,541,801

'Provisional data.

'State funds are included with local funds in column 6.

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, annual reports on Vocational and Technical Education; and unpublished data.

: ;es
Table 81.-Expenditures of Federal, State, and local funds for vocational education, by State:

Fiscal year 19701

(In thousands if dollars]

Expenditures by source State State and Total Federal local

1 2 3 4 United States and outlying area $1,841,846 $300,048 1,541,901

Alabama 27,872 5,769 21,903 Alaska 3,290 753 2,537 Arizona 11,212 3,018 8,194 Arkansas 11,308 3,718 7,590 California 191,124 25,255 165,869 Colorado 12,542 3,285 9,257 Connecticut 23,090 2,255 20,835 Delaware 2,164 1,011 1,152

District of Columbia 2,972 788 2,184 Florida 41,687 8,959 32,728

Georgia 30,938 8,554 24,382 Hawaii 5,035 1,356 3,679

Idaho 4,773 1,316 3.457

Illinois 130,416 14,885 115,530

Indiana 23,553 8,747 14,807 owe 25,229 4,155 21,074

<ansal 13,719 3,817 9,902

<entucky 28,064 5,682 22,382

Louisiana 18,822 7,051 11,771

Aline 6,487 1,818 4,649

Maryland 36,385 4,338 32,047 Massachusetts 100,570 4,197 96,373

Michigan 62,550 14,016 38,534 Minnesota 37,683 6,367 31,296

14issillippi 16,081 5,153 10,928

14issouri . 36,181 6,824 28,357 Montana 6,002 1,515 4,488 Vebraska 7,471 2,221 5,250 Vevada 3,416 643 2,773

Vew Hampshire 3,919 868 3,061

Ow Jersey 38,03E 8,977 27,062 Vew Mexico 6,668 2,431 4,237

Jew York 255,127 14,753 240,374 Vorth Carolina 66,878 9,987 56,891

forth Dakota 4,764 1,255 3,509 Nilo 102,743 15,291 87,453 Oklahoma 19,881 4,355 15,526

Oregon 11,746 3,780 7,987

Pennsylvania 110,395 16,384 94,011 Rhode Island 5,111 1,019 4,091

iouth Carolina 19,635 4,977 14,659 outh Dakota 4,050 1,259 2,791

Tennessee 24,589 7,687 16,902

texas 80,940 19,468 81.482

Jtah 12,441 2,492 9,948 Vermont 5,456 1,041 4,415

Virginia 32,438 7,515 24,923

Washington 38,385 3,824 34,561

Vest Virginia 11,356 3,886 7,470 Wisconsin 55,504 6,518 48,988

Wyoming 4,436 932 3,506

lutlying uses: American Samoa 84 0 e4 Guam 565 255 310 Puerto Rico 17,610 5,555 12,055

Trust Territory 1,090 48 1,042

Virgin islands 599 43 556

' Provisional data. NOTE.-8ecause of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Vocational and Technical

Education, Annual Report, FiscakV,air 1970.

60

?t.
Chapter III

Higher Education

Universities and colleges exist in every State in the

Union and in all of the larger and more populous

outlying areas. More than twofifths of the entire

group of more than 2,550 institutions are under the

control of State governments or of cities, counties, or

other subdivisions of States. Seven service schools are

controlled by the Federal Government. The remaining 57 percent of the institutions are controlled

by religious denominations, professional organizations, or self-perpetuating groups of public-spirited

persons. The publicly controlled colleges and universities tend to be much larger than their privately

controlled counterparts. Approximately three-fourths

of all college students attend public institutions.

A salient characteristic of higher education in this

country is its diversity. American colleges and universities offer a wide range and great variety of

programs. For example, a junior college usually offers

only the first 2 years of training at the college level,

but a university normally offers a full undergraduate

course in the liberal arts, graduate work leading to the

doctorate, and courses preparing for entrance into at

least two or three of the learned professions. Between

these two extremes are numerous colleges which

reflect local needs and purposes.

Higher education is becoming increasingly ac- cescible to all segments of the population. The growth

of public junior colleges and other low-cost public

institutions means that the expenses of the students

attending these institutions can be held to a mini

mum. The Student-Loan Program and other Government programs have also attracted many students

61

who otherwise would have found it difficult to finance

a college education.

The Office of Education conducts an annual survey

of opening fall enrollment in which it obtains statistics

directly from the colleges and universities on total and

first-time students. These data are usually available

within 3 or 4 months after the opening of the fall term.

The opening fall enrollment survey has been supplemented from time to time by a comprehensive survey

in which more detailed information is requested. In the

comprehensive survey, students are classified not only

by control of institution and by sex but also by status

as resident or extension students; as undergraduate,

first-professional, or graduate students; and by fulltime or part-time attendance.

Other studies of institutions of higher education

which have been conducted periodically by the Office

of Education include surveys of faculty and other professional staff; faculty salaries; earned degrees conferred; enrollment for advanced degrees; engineering

enrollments and degrees; receipts, expenditures, and

property; basic student charges, including tuition and

fees and room and board rates; and land-grant institutions. The most recent data from each of these studies

are summarized in the pages which follow.

Some of the tables in this chapter provide totals

for the 50 States and the District of Columbia. Others

also include those outlying areasthe Canal Zone,

Guam, Puerto Rico, and the Virgin Islandswhich

hate within their borders one or more institutions of

higher education. The coverage of each table is

specified in its title or in the table stub.

114 6
Table 82.-Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by attendance status and

sex of student, control of institution, and State: Fall 1970

State Total enrollment Attendance status Sex of student Control of institution Full.

time Parttime Men Women 6 Public

7 Private

1 2 3 4 5 8 United States 8,498,117 5,834,508 2,663,609 4,990,954 3,507,163 6,371,008 2,127,109 Alabama 102,707 81,578 21,129 60,555 42,152 86,638 16,069 Alaska 10,017 4,343 5674 5,991 4,026 8,770 1,247 Arizona 110,106 62,878 47,228 64,689 45,417 107,875 2,231 Arkansas 51,639 45,349 6,290 29615 22,024 43,403 8,236

California 1,255,732 655,306 600,426 730,129 525,603 1,124,969 130,763 Colorado 121,606 90234 31,372 72,261 49,345 106,981 14,625 Connecticut 124,931 82,033 42,898 74,276 50,655 72,930 52,001 Delaware 23,850 15,819 8,031 13651 10,199 19,904 3,946

District of Columbia 75,920 42,535 33,385 47,694 28,226 10,511 65,409 Florida 234,176 163,437 70,739 139,801 94,375 187,713 46,463

Georgia 126,191 99,335 26,856 74,178 52,013 101,825 24,366 Hawaii 36,510 28252 8,258 20,194 16,316 32,969 3,541

Idaho 34,700 26,890 7,810 19,936 14,764 27,329 7,371

Illinois 453573 297,531 156,042 262,714 190,859 315,071 138502

Indiana 191,156 141,066 50,090 112,634 78,522 135,003 56,153

Iowa 108,312 92,089 16,223 63,308 45,004 67,964 40,348 Kansas 101,297 81,381 19,916 59,701 41596 87,016 14,281

Kentucky 96,949 74,865 22,084 55,027 41,922 75,734 21,215

Louisiana 120,720 94,507 26,213 - 69,551 51,169 101,159 19,561 Maine 32,180 23,908 8,272 18,532 13,648 23,110 9,070

Maryland 148,557 93,498 55,059 83,543 65,014 118,076 30,4E1 Massachusetts 303,038 210,123 92,015 179,449 123,589 114,022 189,016

Michigan 394,095 260,337 133,758 234,532 159,563 342,051 52,044 Minnesota 159,076 126,057 33,019 91,731 67,345 128,956 30,120

Mississippi 73,128 61,205 11,923 40,223 32,905 64,216 8,912 Missouri 18:,570 131,496 52,074 107,64B 75,922 132,269 51,301 Montana 29,699 26,146 3,553 17,775 11,924 26,920 2,779 Nebraska 66,375 51,994 14,381 39,855 26,520 50,987 15,388 Nevada 12,960 9,186 3,774 7,842 5,118 12,87.5 85 New Hampshire 29,046 _5,018 4,028 18,152 10,894 15,786 13,260

New Jersey 210,372 118,922 91,450 121,191 89,181 140,854 69518 New Mexico 43,733 31,684 12,049 26,894 16,839 40,473 3,260 New York 776,608 515,303 261,305 440,637 335,971 436,922 339,686 North Carolina 171,577 140,737 30,840 100,824 70,753 122,941 48,636 North Dakota 30,484 26,735 3,749 18,605 11,879 29,199 1,285 3hio 371,412 271,632 99,780 222,693 148,719 277,244 94,168

3klahoma 109,542 83,291 26,251 66,859 42,683 91,472 18,070

Oregon 114,279 82,269 32,010 67,158 47,121 100,761 13,518

Pennsylvania 410,479 290,848 119,631 250,733 159,746 232,760 177,719 Rhode Island 45,087 34,334 10,753 27,569 17,518 25,061 20,026 South Carolina 70,230 57,063 13,167 41,720 28,510 47,962 22,268 South Dakota 30,731 25,226 5,505 17,631 13,100 23,857 6,874

Tennessee 135,499 106,576 28,923 80,559 54,940 99,206 36,293

Texas 438,548 314,590 123,958 267,359 171,189 362,590 75,958

Jtah 79,144 63,774 15,370 47,919 31,225 49,630 29,514 Vermont 22,114 18,199 3,915 12,117 9,997 12,514 9,600

Virginia 149,217 103,762 45,455 82,778 66,439 120,910 28,307

Nashington 180,397 121,314 59,083 103,983 76,414 160,115 20,282

Nest Virginia 63,230 49,655 13,575 36,245 26,985 51.652 11,578 Nisconsin 201,554 151,446 50,108 116,258 85,296 169,789 31,765

Nyoming 15,028 11,716 3,312 9,014 6,014 15,028 U.S. Service Schools 17,036 17,036 - 17,021 15 17,036

Outlying areas 68,216 49,253 18,963 32,097 36,119 47,555 20,661 Canal Zone 1,244 384 860 615 629 1,244 - Guam 2,349 1,383 966 1,134 1,215 2,349 Puerto Rico 63,177 47,070 16,107 29,731 33,446 42,516 20,661

Virgin Islands 1,446 416 1,030 617 829 1,446

NOTE.-Total enrollment includes students whose programs of study are creditable

toward a bachelor's or higher degree and also undergraduate students in 1-, 2, or

3-year occupational programs which are not creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

J

62

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, 0 lice of Education, Advance Report on Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1970:

Institutional Data.
Table 83,-Total and firsttime degree- credit enrollment in institutions of higher education, by State:

Fall 1970 and fall 1971

State Total enrollment Firsttime students 1970 1971' 1970 1971'

1 2 3 4 5 United States 7,920,149 8,387,000 1,775,168 1,885,000 Alabama 99,060 105,000 23,411 25,000 Alaska 9,296 10,000 2,083 2,000 Arizona 95,855 102,000 20,125 21,000 Arkansas 50,764 54,000 12,929 14,000 California 1,049,883 1,112,000 214,303 228,000 Colorado 115,229 122,000 25,710 27,000 Connecticut 119,236 126,000 28,516 30,001 Delaware 22,299 24,000 6,864 7,000

District of Columbia 77,087 82,000 10,364 11,000 Florida 209,724 222,000 47,006 50,000

Georgia 124,360 132,000 26,757 28,000 Hawaii 31,298 33,000 8,332 9,000

Idaho 31,861 34,000 10,278 11,000

Illinois 410,229 434,000 95,681 102,000

Indiana 190,187 201,000 41,339 44,000

Iowa 103.394 109,000 25,466 27,000 Kansas 101,386 107,000 25,517 27,000

Kentucky 96,180 102,000 19,810 21,000

Louisiana 118,760 126,000 25,997 28,000 Maine 33,037 35,000 9,253 10,000

Maryland 146,770 164,000 31,976 34.000 Massachusetts 288,828 306,000 68,012 72,000

Michigan 341,656 362,000 72,536 77,000 Minnesota 159,249 169,000 38,436 39,000

Mississippi 69,528 24,000 19,812 21,000 Missouri 178,332 187,000 38,054 40.000 Montana 29,320 31,000 6,813 7,000 Nebraska 66,599 71,000 15,214 16,000 Nevada 12,897 14,000 3,082 3,000

New Hampshire 28,380 30,000 6,950 7,000

New Jersey 205,218 217,000 52,318 56,000 New Mexico 43,267 46,000 9,188 10,000 New York 801,663 849,000 171,008 182,000

North Carolina 142,563 151,000 38,513 41,000 North Dakota 28,729 30,000 7,498 8.000 Ohio 356,402 377,000 75,912 81,000 Oklahoma 108,992 115,000 26,604 28,000

Oregon 98,103 104,000 25,231 27,000

Pennsylvania 386,458 409,000 79,003 84,000 Rhode Island 44,251 47,000 9,679 10.000 South Carolina 59,017 62,000 16,433 17,000 South Dakota 29,753 32,000 7,268 8 000

Tennessee 131,394 139,000 27,513 29,000

Texas 417,493 442,000 92,148 98.000 Utah 74,942 79,000 13,781 15,000 Vermont 21,127 22,000 5,488 6 000 Virginia 138,152 146,000 38,057 38,000

Washington 158,818 168,000 42,631 45,000

West Virginia 60,901 64,000 14,828 18,000 Wisconsin 174,385 185,000 37,171 39,000

VVvon.ing 13,758 15,000 4,031 4,000 U.S. Service Schools 17,079 18,000 1,315 5,000

Outlying armee 65,393 69,000 15,642 17,000 Canal Zone 1,244 1,000 560 1,000 Guam 2,566 3,000 592 1,000 Puerto Rico 60,816 64,000 14,367 15,000

Virgin Islands 757 1,000 114 1'1 Estimated. 2 Less than 500. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Education, Fall Enrolltnint in Higher Education,

1970-Supplementary Information; and Office of Education estimates.

63
Table 84.-Total enrollment In Institutions of higher education, by type and level of enrollment and by State: Fall 1969

State All degree- credit and

nondogree

credit students

Degree-credit students

Nondegree

credit students Total resident and extension

students

Resident students Extension

students Total Undergraduate First. professional Graduate Unclassified

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 United States 6,004,600 7,484,073 7,136,076 5,628,415 164,737 828,046 316,677 347,998 620,667 Alabama 97,816 96,186 94,820 83,968 2,137 6,692 1,923 666 2,630 Alaska 7,614 7,373 6,666 4,651 .. 407 698 1,717 141 Arizona 97,602 88,160 80,208 64,269 448 10,166 6,336 6,962 11,342 Arkansas 61,630 50,620 49,540 45,336 768 2,488 968 1,080 910 CalifornIr 1,149,338 1,012,263 918,660 765,939 14,412 98,962 39,347 73,603 137075 Colorado 111,893 101,804 96,810 82,169 2,097 10,297 2,257 4,994 10,089 Connecticut 113,626 106,960 103,040 74,038 2,073 18,986 7,943 2,910 7,676 Delaware 23,012 22,322 17,882 14,802 1,866 1,216 4,440 690 District of Columbia 77,886 76,976 67,877 37,783 6,473 14,193 9,428 8,098 1,911 Florida 218,303 196,436 190,616 160,409 2,674 15,167 12,366 6,819 21,868

Georgia 117,198 114,968 113,910 95,831 2,601 13,350 2,128 1,058 2,230 Hawaii 33,586 29,332 29,332 20,906 2,993 6,433 4,254

Idaho 31,450 28,406 27,883 25,345 118 1,756 664 623 3,044

Illinois 424,172 393,294 376,814 283,796 11,371 45,435 36,212 16,480 30,878

Indiana 184,882 177,994 175,809 139,700 4,143 26,099 5,867 2,185 8,618

Iowa 106,094 101,650 100,075 84,446 3,650 9,533 2,447 1,575 4,444 Kansas 104,568 102,297 98,010 84,027 1,641 9,205 3,137 4,287 2,271

Kentucky 97,243 96,002 91,506 79,666 3,263 7,919 669 3,496 2,241 Louisiana 114,995 113,605 112,144 93,841 3,516 11,120 3,668 1,461 1,390 Mains 30,498 28,402 23,404 20,886 207 1,321 991 4,998 2,096

Maryland 136,973 133,110 131,548 93,613 3,310 17,039 17,686 1,562 2,863

.4assachusetts 285,709 278,444 267,208 200,120 6,213 39,967 10,908 19,236 9,265

Michigan 366,973 329,787 316,583 267,009 7,710 38,571 2,293 14,204 37,189 Minnesota 168,212 167,343 136,391 117,785 3,145 12,040 3,421 20,952 974 Mississippi 68,5174 65,150 62,785 57,046 685 4,349 706 2,365 3,444 Missouri 176,285 168,926 184,662 125,862 5,703 17,302 15,785 4,274 6,359 Montana 28,868 27,875 26,953 24,646 124 1,368 815 922 993 Nebraska Nevada r 66,239

12,746

64,991

12,746

83,574

11,972

54,045

9,144

1,966

- - 5,4671,503

2,106

1,325

1,417 774 248

- New Hampshire 28,114 27,676 24,603 22,139 105 1,195 1,064 3,073 538 New Jersey 188,810 179,081 160,858 114,110 3,038 21,247 22,463 18,223 9,729 New Mexico 41,217 40369 37,774 29,722 307 4,578 3,187 2,596 848 New York 728,172 722,859 719;10 664,183 16,616 134,636 3,886 3,639 6,313

North Carolina 181,038 136,237 131617 112,922 3,068 11,686 4,101 3,570 26,801 North Dakota 29,830 27,477 26,02u 23,694 231 1,842 363 1,457 2,353 Ohio 368,892 342,666 340,362 288,852 9,359 33,647 8,604 2,293 16,237 Oklahoma 106,269 105,602 100,647 87,236 1,764 10,115 1,642 4,955 667 Oregon 110,780 93,929 82,029 68,805 1,778 8,832 2,618 11,900 18,851

Pennsylvania 393,618 370,026 361,636 274,192 14,420 14,914 28,109 8,391 23,492 Rhoda Island 42,788 41,633 33,077 26,972 - -- 6,876 229 8,456 1,255 South Carolina 62,320 53,333 53,212 47,963 1,029 3,659 661 121 8,987 South Dakota 30;708 29,986 27,316 24,952 294 1,747 323 2,669 923

Tennessee 127 568 124,808 1:.3,310 103,566 3,264 11,226 5,264 1,498 2,760

Texas 407,918 388,110 382,150 330,062 10,657 35,478 6,066 5,960 19,808 Utah 81,640 73,941 68,113 60,678 601 6,826 9 5,828 7,599 Vermont 21,964 20,881 18,070 16,333 262 911 674 2,811 1,083

Virginia 138,661 126,793 112,147 87,147 2,823 9,088 13,089 13,646 12,768

Washington 170,107 146,861 140,231 118,227 1,467 11,812 8,725 5,630 24,246

West Virginia 62,052 60326 56,305 50,098 866 3,674 1,668 4,021 1,726 Wisconsin 190,638 170,092 164,360 139,256 2,479 18,866 5,750 5,742 20,446

Wyoming 14,116 13,361 12,789 10,522 125 1,149 993 572 754 U.S. Saralee Schools 15,828 16,829 15,828 14,030 - - 1,797 1 - - - ... Outlying arose 61,673 58,919 57,994 51,842 1,613 2,159 1,960 925 2,664 Canal Zone 1,186 1,186 1,186 1,186 - -- - - - - -- - - - - Guam 2,196 2,183 1,885 1,692 - -- 293 - 298 12 Puerto Rico 66,767 56,248 64,634 48,778 1,613 2,366 1,979 614 1,519

Virgin Islands 1,426 302 289 288 - -- 1 13 1,123

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1969, Supplemer 'try Information.
Table 85,-Selected statistics for the 60 institutions of higher education enrollint, the largest number of students:

United States, fall 1970

Institution Rank order' 2 Control'

_ 3

Type'

__4

Total enrollment

5

Enrollment by

sex Enrollment by attendance status Man Women Fuli.time Part time

1 6 7 8 9 University of California

University of Wisconsin

University of Minnesota

Indiana University

University of Illinois

Pennsylvania State University

University of Maryland

Ohio State University

University of Missouri

University of Texas at Austin

Michigan State University

University of Michigan

Chicago City College (III.)

Southern Illinois University

University If Tennessee

Purdue University (Ind.)

Northeastern University (Mass.)

Wayne State University (Mich.)

Louisiana State University

University of Nebraska

San Oiego State College (Calif.)

University of Cincinnati (Ohio)

San Jose State College (Calif.)

University of Washington

University of Hawaii

Rutgers, The State University (N.J.)

University of Colorado

New York University

University of Pittsburgh (Pa.)

Temple University (Pa.)

Arizona State University

Kent State Uniiersity (Ohio)

University of :(entucky

Long Beach City College (Calif.)

Miami-Dade Junior College (Fla.)

City Univ. of N.Y., Brooklyn College

Brigham Young University (Utah)

California State College at Long Beach

University of Arizona

California State College at Los Angeles

University of Houston (Tex.)

Northern Illinois University

Boston University (Mass.)

University of Massachusetts

University of Virginia

Ohio University

University of Florida

State Univ. of N.Y. at Buffalo

Columbia University (N.Y )

Eastern Michigan University

University of Maine

San Oiego Community College (Calif.)

San Fernando Valley State College (Calif.)

University of Oklahoma

University of Utah

Western Michigan University

George Washington University (D.C.)

University of Georgia

City Univ. of N.Y., Hunter College

Long Island University (N.Y.)

12

3

4

56

78

9

10

1112

13

14

1516

1718

19 20

212223

24

25

26

2728

29

30

3132 33

34

3536

37 38

3940

414243

44

4546

4748

49

50

515253

545556

5758

5960

1

11

1

1

11

1

1

1

11

1

11

12

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

12

11

1

1

1

11

12

1

11

1

12

1

1

1

1

12

11

11

1

1

12

1

12

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

ilU

TU

U

U

U

U

U

U

FU

FJU

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

T

T

FU

FU

FU

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

U

FU

T

FU

U

FU

U

FU

147,279

70,582

68,709

58,531

58,022

55,403

51,449

50.547 48,896

45,541

44,092

39,661

39,472

38 809 38500

38,314

38,000

35,655

35,031

34,895

34,802

34,500

33,632

33,202

32,969

32,600

32,345

32,323

31,650

31,592

29,826

29,011

28,235

28,000

27,950

27,320

26,626

26,320

26,123

25,600

25,582

25,398

25,124

24,989

24,702

23,978

23,958

23.723

23,632

22,619

22,576

22,340

22,218

21,810

21,729

21,713

21,439

21,181

21,060

20,975

84,815

41514

42,681

31,682

37,097

36,238

30,462

31,702

31,218

28,045

25,208

24,075

20,911

23,632

24,001

25,959

28,113

21,016

20,914

22,204

18,290

22,402

16,994

20,331

18,037

21,305

19,623

16,517

22,102

19,584

17,880

15,689 16544

14,450

16,117

12,840

14,144

15,591

15,326

14,278

16,450

12.937

11,777

14,643

14,873

13,629

15,231

15,150

13,722

11,168

12,185

15,953

12,027

14,078

14,086

11,715

15,362

11,838

5,010

14,198

62,464

29,06e

26,028

26,849

20,925

19,165

20,987

18,845

17,678

17,496

18,884

15 586 18,5,1

15,177

14,459

12,355

9,887

14,639

14,117

12,691

16,512

12,038

16,633

12,871

14,932

11,295

12,722

15,806

9,548

12,008

11,946

13,322

11,691

13,550

11,833

14,480

12,482

10,729

10,797

11,322

9,132

12,461

13,347

10,346

9,829

10,349

8,727

8,573

9,910

11,451

10,391

6,387

10,191

7,732

7,643 9.998

6,077

9,343

16,050

6,777

104,949

52,108

47,613

39,041

49,111

36,927

34,297

46,317

36,960

35,273

34,029

31,388

14,375

29,465

29,053

27.944

15,999

22,370

26,960

25,285

18,530

21,430

16,929

26,890

25,556

20,785

20,586

21,268

18,729

16,691

18,262

21,651

21,607

6,500

16,805

14,020

23,427

15,335

18,176

11,869

15,805

17,168

17,792

21,996

12,485

20,124

20,493

16,548

16,041

15,079

14,869

7,456

13,773

16,945

16,450

17,969

7,805

18,286

8,460

12,261

42 330

18,474

21,096

19,490

8,911

18,476

17,152

4,230

11,936

10,268

10,063

8,273

25,097

9,344

9,447

1C,370

22,001

13,285

8.071 9,610

16,272

13,070

16,703

6,312

7,413

11,815

11,759

11,055

12,921

14,901

11,564

7,360

6,628

21,500

11,145

13,300

3,199

10.985

7,947

13,731

9,777

8,230

7,332

2,993

12,217

3,854

3,465

7,175

7,591

7,540

7,707

14,884

8,445

4,865

5,279

3,744

13,634

2,895

12,600

8,714

Institutions ranked by size of total enrollment.

'Publicly controlled institutions are identified by a "1"; privately controlled, by a

Tile types of institutions are identified as follows: "U," universities; "F," other

4-year institutions (including liberal arts colleges, teachers colleges, technological

schools, theological or religinus schools, schools of art, and other independently

organized professional schools); and '1'," 2-year institutions (offering work

extending at least 2 years but less than 4 years beyond high school).

65

4 Includes students whose programs of study are cred'table toward a bachelor's or

higher degree and also undergraduate students in 1 , 2-, or 3-year occupational

programs which are not creditable toward a bachelor's degree.

NOTE.-Many of the institutions listed above have more than one campus. The

enrollment shown for these institutions is the combined figure for all campuses.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Advance Report on Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education, 1970: Institutional Data.

r1 jl
Table 86.-Total enrollment in institutions of higher education, by control of institution and by State: Fall 1970

State Total

Pub..,: Private

State' Local State

and

local

Independent of church Oenominational Protestant Roman Catholic Other'

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 United States 8,498,117 4.460,096 1.486.536 466,277 1.213,073 478,804 382,912 42,820 Alabama 102,707 86.638 4,668 9,644 1.757 Alaska 10,017 8,770 1,247 - Arizona 110.106 65,049 39,826 3,000 i,380 851 - - Arkansas 51,639 41.333 2,070 757 7,479 - California 1.255,732 437,965 625,454 61,550 90,598 15,398 2. , 121 346 Colorado 121,606 99.940 6,641 400 3,344 9,680 1,801

Connecticut 124,931 72,930 46,272 70 5,659 Delaware 23,850 19,904 - 2,82h 1,118 - - Oistrict of Columbia 75,920 10,511 33,88' 15,657 15,871 Florida 234,176 86,952 99,609 1,152 35,897 6,864 3,702

Georgia 126,191 96.468 5.357 8,067 16,299 Hawaii 36.510 32,969 - 6St 103 1,480 1,307

Idaho 34,700 23,837 3,492 1 . 0 2,237 - 5,019

Illinois 453,573 184,641 93.646 36,584 79.866 25,512 32,822 302

Indiana 191,166 135,003 12.401 26,601 17,151

Iowa 108,312 53.473 8,302 6.189 15,346 16.132 7,675 1,295 Kansas 101,297 65,076 20,460 :.480 235 9,394 4,652 - - Kentucky 96,949 75,734 - - - -- 5,016 9,712 6,487 - - Louisiana 120,720 96,817 287 4.055 8,395 3,365 7,801 - Maine 32,180 23,110 - 7.719 1,351 - -- Maryland 148,557 75,952 36,312 5,812 20.734 2,850 6,634 263 Massachusetts 303,038 110,398 3,624 - - 162.842 1,826 24.196 152 Michigan 394.095 215,466 98,143 28,442 23,682 12.902 15.4r 1 - Minnesota 159,076 1'9.956 - 3,414 16,890 9'.18

Mississippi 73,128 E 3,095 9,972 4,149 1,557 7,355 - Missouri 183,570 9:s 624 31,470 7,175 23,848 11,335 16.118 Montana 29,699 74,327 1,993 - - 560 2,219 - Nebraska 66,375 4 ' 341 3,646 - 4,652 6,091 4,645 - - - Nevada 12,960 12,35 - - 85 - - - - - - - . New Hampshire 29,046 15,786 - - - 10,485 - -- 2,775 - - New Jersey 210,372 104,422 19,400 17,032 45,578 4,457 18,861 622 New Mexico 43,733 :9.383 1,090 - - 439 2,821 - - - New York 776,608 147,935 123,182 165,805 294,141 6,425 34,668 4,452

North Carolina 171,577 98,880 5,164 18,897 10,932 36,675 1,029 North Dakota 30,484 27,263 1,936 - - - 645 640 - Ohio 371,412 215,264 22,394 39,586 33,728 31,675 27,451 1,314 Oklahoma 109,542 89,706 1,162 604 9,160 8,408 502 Oregon 114,279 63,296 36,452 1,013 10,501 2,928 89 - Pennsylvania 410,479 191,305 33,497 7,958 104,065 23,028 50,626 Rhode Island 45,087 25,061 - - - 15,479 4,647 - - South Carolina 70,230 43,907 1,802 2,253 8,629 13,639 - - - - South Dakota 30,731 23,857 - 1,496 4,605 773

Tennessee 135,499 99,206 - 14.045 20,779 1,469 Texas 438,548 256,501 77,241 28,848 16,473 48,023 11,462 - Utah 79,144 49,630 - 1,231 835 - 27,448 Vermont 22,114 12,514 7,716 1,884 . Virginia 149.217 120,910 9.633 18,006 668 Washington 180,397 142,038 15,018 3,059 2,622 13,791 3,869

West Virginia 63,230 51.652 -. 7,381 3,453 744 - Wisconsin 201,554 139,301 21,952 8,536 11,089 4,060 16,616

il/yoming 15,028 8,800 4,530 1,698 - - - - U.S. Service Schools 17.036 17,036 - .. .. Oudying sm. 66,216 47,555 - - 12,724 7,937 Canal Zone 1,244 1,244 . - - - Guam 2,349 2,349 . - -- .. .. Puerto Rico 63,177 42,516 - . 12,724 - 7,937 - - Virgin Islands 1,446 1,446 - .

Includes institutions under Federal control (U.S. Service Schools and Canal Zone

College).

Includes Jewish, Latter Day Saints, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox, and Unitarian. NOTE-Includes students whose programs of study are creditable toward a

bachelor's or higher degree and also students 1 2-, or 3-year undergraduate

grog ams which arc not creditable toward bachalo 's degree but which are

designed to prepare for immediate employment or to p (wide general education.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Advance Report on Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education,

1970: Institutional Data; Education Directory, 1970.71; Higher Education; and

unpublished data.
Tab!e 87.- Enrollment .n Institutions of higher education, by sex and by type

and wino' of Institution: United States end outlying areas, fall 1980 and fall 1985

Type and control of Institution

Number of students, 19 60 f ,mbar of students. 1965 Percentage change, 1960 to 1965

Total Men Women Total Men 1 Women L Total 1 Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 TOTAL, r9.1BL IC AND PRIVATE

All institutions 3,510,007 2,270,840 1,339,387 5,670,271 3,396,674 2,173.697 +54.3 +49.6 +62.3 2-year institutions 453,61; 283,292 170.325 845.244 523.532 321,712 +86.3 +84.8 +88.9 4-year institutions 3,156.390 1,987,348 1,169.043 4,725,027 2,873,042 1,851,985 +49.7 +44.6 +58.4 Universities 1,550,902 1,071,688 479,214 2,303,777 1,510,551 793,226 +48.5 +11.0 +65.5 Liberal arts collages 1,027,567 560,050 467,517 1.553.783 845,349 708,435 +51.2 +50.9 +51.5

Independently organized professional schools

Teachers colleges 359,227 171.021 188,208 571.695 276.168 295,527 +59.1 +61.5 +57.0 Technological schools 106.978 99.479 7,499 134,455 121,398 13,057 +25.7 +22.0 +74.1 Theological, religious 41,817 32,723 9.094 49.604 37.297 12.307 +18.6 +14.0 +35.3 Schools of art 15,166 8,241 6.925 21,119 10,328 10,791 +39.3 +25.3 +55.8 Other professional 54,733 44,146 10,587 90,594 71,952 18,642 +65.5 +63.0 +76.1 PUBLIC All institutions 2,136,890 1,326,546 809,145 3,864,1578 2,206,652 1,448,928 +71.1 +66.3 +79.1 2year institutions 393,553 253,565 139,988 739,918 466,019 273,899 +58.0 +83.8 +95.7 4-year institutions 1,742,1 37 1,072,980 669,157 2,914,660 1,739,633 1.175,027 +67.3 +62.1 +75.6 Universities 991,716 672.271 319,445 1,633,870 1,050,319 583,551 +64.8 +56.2 +82.7 Liberal arts colleges 345,926 182.207 163,719 642.769 347,730 295,039 +85.8 +90.8 +80.2

Independently organized professional schools:

Teachers colleges 345,906 167,542 178,364 555,271 273,336 281,935 +60.5 +63.1 +58.1 Technological schools 46,063 42,950 3,113 67,085 58,128 8,957 +45.6 +35.3 +187.7 Theological, religious - - - - - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 Schools of art 257 130 127 790 315 475 +207.4 +142.3 +274.0 Other professional 12,269 7,880 4,389 14,675 9,805 5,070 +21.2 +24.4 +15.5 PRIVATE All institutions 1,474,317 944,095 530,2229l6,683 1,190,922 724,771 +29.9 +26.1 +36.7 2-year institutions 60,064 29,727 30,337 105,326 57,513 47,813 +75.4 +93.5 +57.6 4-year institutions 1,414,253 914,368 499.885 1,810,367 1,133,409 676,958 +28.0 +24.0 +35.4 Universities 559,186 399,417 159,769 669,907 460,232 209,6/5 +19.8 +15.2 +31.2 Liberal arts colleges 681,641 377,843 303,798 911,014 497,618 413,396 +33.7 +31.7 +36.1

Independently organized professional schools:

Teachers colleges 13,321 3,479 9.842 16,424 2,832 13,592 +23.3 -18.6 +38.1 Technological schools 60,915 56,529 4,386 67,370 63,270 4,100 +10.6 +11.9 -6.5

Theological, religious 41,817 32,723 9,094 49,604 37,297 12,307 +18.6 +14.0 +35.3 Schools of art 14,909 8,111 6,798 20,329 10,013 10,316 +36.4 +23.4 +51.8 Other professional 42,464 36,266 6,198 75,719 62,147 13,572 +78.3 +71.4 +119.0 NOTE: Includes resident and extension degree-credit students.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educa ion, Opening Fall enrollment in Higher Education, 1965; and unpublished

date.

Table 88,- Enrollment in institutions of higher education compared with

population aged 18-24: United States, fall 1950 to fall 1971

Year Population18-24 years

of age' Enrollment Number en. rolled par 100

persons 18-24

years of age Year Population

18.24 years

of age' Enrollment Number en- rolled per 100

persons 18.24

years of age

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1950 16,076,000 2,286,500 14.2 1960 16,122,000 3,582,726 22.2

1951 15,781,000 2,107,109 13.4 1961 16,961,000 3,860,643 22.8

1952 15,473,000 2,139,156 13.8 1962 17,608,000 4,174,936 23.7

1953 15,2 56,000 2,235,977 14.7 1963 18,188,000 4,494,626 24.7

1954 15,103,000 2,452.466 16.2 1964 18,722 000 4,950,173 26.4

1955 14,968,000 2,660,429 17.8 1965 20,202,000 5,526,325

25,928,000

27.4

1956 14,980,000 2,927.367 19.5 1966 21,346,000

26,392,000

27.8

1957 15,095,000 3,047,373 20.2 1967 22,244,000 28.7

1958 15,307,000 3,236.414 21.2 1968. 22,787,000 6,928,115 30.4

1959 15,677,000 3,377,273 ^1.5 1969 23,600,000 7,484.073 31.7

1970 24,504,000 7,920,149 32.3

1571 25,569,000 28,387,000 32.8 These Bureau of the Census estimates are as of July 1 preceding the opening of

the academic year. Th'y include Armed Forces overseas. 2Estimated. NOTE: Data are for 50 States and the District of Columbia. Beginning in 1953,

enrollment figurer include resident and extension degree-credit students: data for

earlier years exclude extension students.

67

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, circulars on Opening Fall Enro Iment in Higher Education; U.S.

Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports,

Series P25, Nos. 311, 314, 385, 441 and 448; and unpublished data.
Table 89.-Enrollment In Institutions of higher education, by sex and by control

of Institution: United States, fall 1948 to fall 1971

Yee. Total Enrollment - _ Men

by sex

- - Women Enrollment of institution Public

by control Private Year Total Enrollment Men

by sex Women

Enrollment by control

of institution Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1946 12.078,095 11,417,595 1660,500 12) (3) 1958 3,226,038 2,092,218 1,133,820 1,883,960 1,342,078

1947 2,338,226 1,659,249 678,977 1,152,377 1,185,849 1959 3,364,861 2,153,565 1,211,296 1,972,4 57 1,392,404

1948 2,4 03,396 1,709,367 694,029 1,185,588 1,217,808 1960 3,582,726 2,256,877 1,325,849 2,115,893 1,466,833

1949 2,444,900 1,721,572 723,328 1,207,151 1,237,749

1950 2,281,298 1,560,392 720,906 1,139,699 1,141,599 1961 3,860,643 2,408,601 1,452,042 2,328,912 1,531,731

1962 4,174,336 2,587,291 1,:47,646 2,573,720 1,601,216

1951 2,101,962 1,390,740 711,222 1,037,938 1,064,024 1963 4,494,626 2,772,562 1,722,084 2,848,464 1,846,172

1952 2,134,242 1,380,357 753,885 1,101,240 1,033,002 1964 4,950,173 3,032,992 1,917,181 3,179,527 1,770,646

1953 2,231,054 1,422,598 808,456 1,185,876 1,045,178 1965 5,526,325 3374,603 2,151,722 3,624,442 1,901,883

1954 2,446,693 1,563,382 883,311 1,353,531 1,093,162

1955 2,653,034 1,733,184 919,850 1,476,282 1,176,752 15661 .. .. 6,928,000 3,577,000 2,351,000 3,940,000 1,988,000

19671 ... . 6,192,000 3,822,000 2,570,000 4,349,000 2,043,000

1958 2,918,212 1,911,458 1,006,754 1,656,4 02 1,261,810 1968 6,928,115 4,119,002 2,809,113 4,891,743 2,036,372

1957 3,036,938 1,985,088 1,051,850 1,752,669 1,284,269 1969 7,484,073 4,419,147 3,064,926 5,414,934 2,069,139

1970 7,920,149 4,636.641 3.283.508 5,800.089 2,120.060

19711 8,387,000 4,873,000 3,514,000 6,229,000 2,158,000

'Estimated. 2Data not available. NOTE: Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States and District of Columbia; data

for earlier years are for 48 States and District of Columbia. Beginning in 1953,

enrollment figures include resident and extension degree -credit students; data for

earlier years exclude extension students.

SOURCE: U S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, circulars on Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education,. and Office

of Education estimates.

Table 90.-Resident degree-credit enrollment in institutions of higher e.l.ication related to total

population and to age groups 18-21 and 18-24: United States, 1869-4 to fall 1969

Population' Resident degreecredit enrollment Ratios Total re ident degree-credit Undergrad- Year students to 100 of- uate

resident Total2 Ages 18.213 Ages 18.243 Total Undergrad Graduate degree- uate Total Popula Popula- credit popula don don studen.s to

tion 18.21 18.24 100 of popu

lotion 18-21

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Academic year: 1869-70 39,818,449 3,116,000 4,574,000 52,286 (4) es / 0.13 1.68 1.14 (4) 1879-80 50,155,783 4,253,000 7,092,000 115,817 (4) (4) .23 2.72 1.63 t4)

188990 62,947,714 5,160,00') 8,820,000 158,756 154,374 2,382 .25 3.04 1.78 2.99 1899.1900 75,994,575 5,931,000 10,357,000 237,592 231,761 5,831 .31 4.01 2.79 3.91 190910 90,492,000 6,934,300 12,300,000 355,213 346,060 9,153 .39 5.12 2.89 4.99 191920 104,512,000 7,386,000 12,830,000 597,880 582,268 15,612 .57 8.09 4.66 7.88

1929-30 121,770,000 8,862,000 15,280,000 1,100,737 1,053,482 47,255 .90 12.42 7.20 11.89 193940 131,028,000 9,582,000 16,458,000 1,494,203 1,388,455 105,748 1.14 15.59 9.08 14.49 1941-42 133,402,000 9,703,000 16,715,000 1,403,990 11,318,547 185,443 1.05 14.47 8.40 13.59 194344 136,739,000 9,706,000 16,914,000 1,155,272 11,096,041 159,231 .84 11.90 6.83 11.29 194546 139,928,000 9,557,000 16,790,000 1,676,851 1,555,599 121,252 1.20 17.55 9.99 16.28 194748 144,126,000 9,276,000 16,419,000 2,616,262 2,441,830 174,432 1.82 28.20 15.93 26.32 194050 149,188,000 8,990,000 16,120,000 2,659,021 2,421,813 237,208 1.78 29.58 16.50 26.94 195152 154,283,000 8,742,000 15,709,000 2,301,884 2,068,557 233,327 1.49 26.33 14.65 23.66

1953.54 159,559,000 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,514,712 2,237,713 276,999 1.58 29.79 16.52 26.51 1st term of academic year: November 1953 159,559,000 8,441,000 15,221,000 2,199,972 1,976,863 223,109 1.38 26.06 14.45 23.42 November 1955 165,276,000 8,508,000 14,966,000 2,597,670 2,347,656 250,014 1.57 30.53 17.36 27.59 1st term. 1957-58 171,278,000 8,844,000 15,118,000 2,899,5, 2,621,919 277,646 1.69 32.79 19.18 29.65 1st term, 1959-60 177,830,000 9,190,000 15,677,000 3,215,544 2,873,724 341,820 1.81 34.99 7. 0 . 5 1 31.27 1st term, 1961.62 182 758,000 10,253,000 16,961,000 3,726,114 3,328,288 397,826 2.0's 36.34 21.97 32A6 Fall 1963 189,417,000 11,155,000 18,188,000 4,234,092 3,755,515 478,577 2.24 37.96 23.28 33.67 Fall 1968 201,152,000 14,342,000 22,787,000 6,659,203 5.851,279 807,924 3.31 46 13 29.22 40.d0 Fall 1969 . .. 203,216,000 14,199,000 23,600,000 7.136,07t, a 6,308,029 828,046 3.51 50.2r 30.24 44.43 1 Armed Forces overseas are excluded from 1869.70 to 92930; they are

included in 193940 and subsequent

2Data are actual census counts as of June 1 from 1870 to 1900; fo, later years

they are estimates by the Bureau of the Census as of July 1 preceding the tall term

of each school year.

'Data hum 1869-70 to 1939-10 an. estimates by the Office of Education from

figures for broad age groups supplied by the Bureau of the Census. data for later

years are estimates by the Bureau of she Census.

1

4 Data not available.

'Distribution by level estimated.

6Includes "ui lassified" students not distributed by level.

NOTE.-Stuchnts in programs leading to firstprofessional degrees are included

with undergraduates. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Off.ce of

Education, Biennial Survey of Education in the United States; and comprehensive

surveys of enrollment it Aitions of higher education.
Table 91,-Enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex, type of enrollment, and control of institution:

United States, fall 1969

Typo a. enrollment and

control of institution Number of students Type of enrollment and

control of institution Number

..... Totel of students Men __ Total Men Women Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 All Institutions: Part-time " 927,631 499,582 428,049 All resident and extension students 8,004,660 4,746,201 3,258,459 Firstprofessional students 72.595 64,241 8,354 Graduate students 548,025 337,718 210,307

Degrecredit students 7,484,073 4,419,147 3,064,926 Unclassified students 206,281 113,598 92,683 Resident students 7,136,075 4,247,018 2,889,057 Extension students 303,097 148,240 154,857

Undergreduate and firstprofessional students 5,991,152 3,538,451 2,452,701 Non-degree-credit students 481,934 306,497 175,437

Undergraduate students 5,826,415 3,389,525 2,436,890 Resident students 447,321 282.94S 164,376 Full-time 4,707,371 2,770,918 1,936,453 Extension students 34,613 23,562 11,061 Part-time 1,119,044 618,607 500,437

Firstprofessional students 164,737 148,926 15,811 Privately controlled Institutions: Gacluato students 028,046 528,824 209,222 All resident and extension students 2,107,792 1,293,050 814,742 Unclassified students 316,877 179,743 137,134 Extension students 347,998 172,129 175,869 Degree-credit students 2,069,139 1,272,493 796,646 Resident students 2,024,238 1,248,604 775,634

Von-degree-credit students 520,687 327,054 193,533 Undergraduate and first-professional Resident students 483,593 302,541 181,052 students 1,633,621 991,353 642,268 Extension students 36,994 24,513 12,481 Undergraduate students 1,541,479 906,668 634,811 Full -time 1,350,066 787,643 562,423

,ublIcly controlled institutions: Pert -time 191,413 119,025 72,388 All resident and extension students 5,896,868 3,453,151 2,443,717 First-professional students 92,142 84,685 7,457 Graduate students 280,021 191,106 88,915

Degree-credit students 5,414,934 3,146,654 2,268,280 Unclassified students 110.596 66,145 44,451 Resident students 5,111,837 2,998,414 2,113,423 Extension students 44,901 23.889 21,012

Undergraduate and first-professional students 4,357,531 2,547,098 1,810,433 Non-degree-credit students 38,653 20,557 18,096

Undergraduate students 4,284,936 2,482,857 1,802,079 Resident students 36,272 19,596 16,676 Full-time 3,357,305 1,983,275 1,374,030 Extension students 2,181 961 1,420

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educe ion, and Welfare, Office of Education, Opening Fell Enrollment in Higher Education, 1969, Supplementary Information.

Table 92.-First-time enrollment in institutions of higher education, by sex and

by control of institution: United States, fall 1946 to fall 1971

Year Total

Enrollment by sex Enrollment by control

of institution Year Total

Enrollment by sex Enrollment by control

of institution Men Women Public Private Men Women Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 1946 1696,419 1499,532 196,887 121

(2) 1959 818,280 486,057 332,223 498,652 319,6;8

1947 592,846 399,972 192,874 298,508 294,338 1960 923,069 539,512 383,557 577,744 345,225

1948 567,191 368,940 '10,251 295,135 272,056

1949 554,608 355,319 100,2811 298,515 256,093 1961 1,018,361 591,913 426,448 648,236 370,125

1950 512,427 317,163 195,264 181,911 230,516 1962 1,030,554 598,099 432,455 669,728 360,826

1963 1,046,417 604,282 442,135 686,861 359,556

1951 467,999 278,092 189,907 259,550 208,439 1964 1,224,840 701,524 523,316 814,664 410,176 1052 . . . .. 532,310 321,310 211,000 304,518 227,792 1965 1,441,822 829,215 612,607 990,021 451,801

1953 565,969 341,761 224,208 331,656 234,313

1954 624,910 382,852 242,058 371,708 253,204 19661 1,378,000 787,000 591,000 947,000 431,000

1955 668,064 414,571 253,493 398.423 269,641 19671 1,439,000 814,000 625,000 1,024,000 415,000

1968 1,629,751 924,580 705,171 1,200,784 428,967

1956 714,966 441,525 273,441 427,611 287,355 1969 1,748,655 985,719 762,936 1,309,359 439,296

1957 721,547 440,613 280,934 431,858 289,689 1970 1,775,158 981,154 794,004 1,333,970 441,188

1958 772,292 463,865 308,427 471,712 300,580 19711 1,885,000 1,038,000 847,000 1,435.000 450,000

1E stimatecf. 2 Date not available. NOTE: Beginning in 1960, data are for 50 States and District of Columbia;

dv.a for earlier years are for 48 States and District of Columbia, Beginning in

1953, enrollment figures include resident and extension degree-credi students;

data for earlier years exclude extension students.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, circulars can, Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education,' and Office

of Education estimates.
Residence and Migration of College Students

A recent study by the Office of Education's National

Center for Educational Statistics provides information

cn the nurnberc of American college students who study

at institutions within their home State as against those

who study at institutions beyond home-State lines. The

data indicate chat the interstate migration of college

students is deening rather than rising. In the fall of

1968, according to the study, 83 percent of the students

attended college in their home State. Earlier surveys,

conducted between 1931 and 1963, showed a consistent

pattern of 80 to 81 percent of students studying in their

own State.

A number of factors may have contributed to tf

decreased mobility of college students. Many publ

institutions in recent years have raised the fees they

charge out-of-State residents, which might serve as a

deterrent to nonresident enrollment:. The establishment

of new institutions has brought college within commuting distance of numerous students who earlier would

have had to leave home to seek a college education. The

growth of junior colleges, many of which have nominal

fees and are readily accessible, has made 2 years if

college a reality for some who otherwise might never

gave attended an institution of higher education.

The mobility of college students varies greatly from

one State to another. Ninety-four percent cf the

students from California and Texas attended college in

their home State in 1968. At the other end of the scale,

only 51 percent of Alaskan students and 53 percent of

those from New Jersey were enrolled in institutions

within their own State. Massachi:setts had 37,300 more

students coming into the State than leaving it; the

District of Columbia had a ,iet gain of 37,400. On the

other hand, New Jersey exported 98,700 more students

than it imported; New York exported 55,700 mr-c.

The accompanying chart shows the percentage of

American college stuoti,ts attending institutions of

higher education in their home State, by control and

type of institution, sex of student, arm level of study.

The percentages were obtained by dividing the number

of students remaining in their home St:Ite by the total

number of student residents. Data are for the 50 States

and the District of Columbia.

W. VANC2 GRANT,

specialist ir. 9ducitional statistics

Figt3re 8.Percentage of American .ollege students attending institutions

of higher education in their harm. State: Fall 1968

Control of Institution:

Public

Private

Type of Institution:

University

Other Four-Year

TwoYear

Sex of Student:.

Men

Women

Level of Study:

Undergraduate

First Professional

Graduate

Percent 0 20 40 60 80 100

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education,

Residence and Migration of College Students, Fall 1968.
Table 93... Residence and migration of college students taking work creditable

toward a bachelor's or higher degree, by State: Fall 1988

State Students enrolled, Student residents' Students

remaining3 Ratio of students

remaining to-, Migration of students Students enrolled

5 FS:dent

t residents

6 Out of 7

Into Not (col. 8

.:01. 71

1 2 3 4 8 9 United States 8,659,203 8,645,383 5,426,012 0.81 0.83 1,120,351 1,234,191 4 113,840 Alabama 91,399 88,905 77,517 .85 .87 11,388 13,882 2494 Alaska 3,013 4,709 2,393 .79 .51 2,316 620 1.696 Arizona 76,384 69,499 62,100 .81 .89 7,399 14,284 6.885 Arkansas 48,365 48,613 40,988 .85 .84 7,625 7,377 .248 California 822,296 810,208 762,918 .93 .94 47,290 59,378 12,088 Colorado 92,688 75,033 63,828 .69 .85 11,205 28,860 17,655 Connecticut 97,081 118,806 76,525 .77 .64 43,281 22,156 -21,125 Delaware 13,51%0 14,087 7,935 .59 .56 6,152 5,565 -587 District of Columbia 61,316 23,913 14,173 73 .59 9,740 47,142 37,402 Florida 176,973 181,107 149,262 .84 .82 31,845 X7,711 .4,134

Georgia 102,614 96,951 80,373 .78 .83 16,578 22,241 5.663 Hawaii .5,012 27,636 19,737 .79 .71 7,899 5,275 2,624

Idaho 25,495 27,436 19,930 .78 .73 7,506 5,565 1,941

Illinois 352,767 385,221 304,182 .86 .79 81,039 48,585 -32,454

'ndiana 172,090 145,595 124,177 ','2 .85 21,418 47,913 26,495

Iowa 97,740 91,935 69,458 .71 .76 22,477 2u,282 5,805 Kansas 90,360 84,044 71,397 .79 .85 12,647 18,963 6,316

Kentucky 90,204 81,312 68,608 .76 .84 12,704 21,596 8,892

Louisiana 112,529 107,478 98,516 .88 .92 8,962 14,013 5,051 Maine 21,491 20,689 13,924 .65 .67 6.765 7,567 802 Maryland 105,659 120,986 85,662 .E' .71 35,324 19,997 15,327 Massachusetts 240,528 203,212 160,281 .67 .7P 42,931 80,247 37,316

Michigan 294,437 277,135 255,563 .87 .92 21,572 38,874 17,302 Minnesota 125,617 121,813 103,418 .Pt .c35 18,429 '22,199 3,770

Mississippi 62,960 61,746 54,885 .d7 .89 6,861 8,075 1,214 Missouri . 154,428 137,608 115,597 .75 84 22,011 38,031 16,820 Montana 24,376 25,65d 20,599 .85 .50 5,059 3,777 -1,282 Nebraska 59,634 52,731 44,772 .75 .85 7,959 14,862 6,903 Nevada 9,355 11,053 7,680 .82 .69 3,373 1,575 -1,698

New Hemp tire 23,007 18,356 10,739 .47 .59 7.617 12.268 4,651

Mew Jersey 149,506 248,216 130,960 .88 .53 117,256 18,548 -98.7' 0 Ntw Mexico 36,833 36,477 29,882 .81 .82 6,595 6.951 J56 Ne N York 686,466 742,182 604,532 .88 .81 137,650 81,934 .716 North Carolina 125,076 101,520 88,929 .71 .88 12,591 36,147 c.,556 North Dakota 24,130 24,859 20.129 .63 .81 4,730 4,001 729 Ohio 320,982 310,621 259,604 .81 .84 51,017 61,378 10,361 Oklahoma 96,437 89,949 80,913 84 .90 9,036 15,524 6,488

Oregon 84,405 79,648 69,652 .83 .87 9,996 14,753 4,757

Pennsylvania 339,690 350,287 272,846 .80 .78 77,441 66,844 4 0,597 Rhode Island 33,518 30,048 21,398 .64 .71 8,650 12,120 3,470 South Carolina 46,905 46,991 35,477 .76 .75 11,514 11,428 -86 South Dakota 26,786 25,090 20.614 .77 .82 4,478 6,172 1,696 Tennessee 117,264 97,227 84;068 .72 .86 13,158 33,196 20,037

Texas 353,801 340,783 318,891 .90 .94 21,892 34,910 13,018 Utah 64,962 47,051 43,926 .68 .93 3,125 21,036 17,911 Vermont 16,926 10,711 6,760 .40 .63 3,951 10,166 6,215

Virginia 100,196 114,966 75,653 .76 .66 39,313 24,543 14,770

Washington 124,048 118,658 105,454 .85 .89 13,204 18.594 5,390

West Virginia 53,603 43,862 37,317 .70 .85 6,545 16,286 9,741 Wisconsin 156,239 139,628 122,242 .78 .88 17,386 33,997 16,611 Wyoming 12,286 13,080 9,628 .78 .74 3,452 2,658 794 U.S. Service SchoolsS 15,227 - - - - 15,227 15,227

Outlying ems 51,955 56,532 49,153 .96 .89 6,379 2,802 '.3,577

I "Students enrolled" are students enrolled in the State (those remaining plus the

inmigrants).

2"Student residents" are those with residence in the State, and studying either in

or out of the State.

3"Students remaining" are students studying in their home State.

4The inmigration exceeds the outmigration by the number of students from

foreign coke tries enrolled.

71

SEnrallments in service schools are not included in he State totals in column 2;

they are, however, included in the total for the Uni ed States. Students enrolled

at the service schools are included in column 3 according to their State of

residence. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Residence and Migration of College Sruden es, Fall 1968.
Table 94,-Enrollment for advanced degrees, by level of enrollment, sex of student, attendance status, and field of study:

United States and outlying areas, fall 1970

Field or study All students

Firstyear students' StUdents beyond the lust year' Total Men Werner. Total Men Women Full.

time Parttime Full.

time Part.time Full.time Part. time Full.

time Part. time

I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees . . . 816,207 627,634 136,680 176,977 7'.,468 139,689 268,373 123,886 86,666 40,010 37,819

Agriculture 7,166 3,473 2,276 877 214 106 3,693 2,360 1,107 153 73 Architecture 2,240 1,261 969 126 147 19 979 721 136 101 21 Biological sciences 36,499 17,245 7,467 4,555 2,982 2,241 19,254 11,316 3,232 3,488 1,218 Business and commerce 87,487 61,545 21,870 36,656 1,144 1,875 25,942 10,811 14,163 486 482 City planning 3,193 2,061 1,214 389 326 132 1,132 690 233 153 56 Computer science and systems analysis 7,936 5,026 1,961 2,505 251 309 2,91C 1,373 1,264 122 151 Education 254,473 191,748 18,417 59,238 24,000 90,093 62,721, 12,944 21,690 8,704 19,387

Engineering 64,788 35,477 15,393 19,424 307 353 29,311 15,592 13,272 264 183 English and lournalism 35,957 22,929 4,914 4,355 5,320 8,340 13,028 4,173 2,533 3,326 2,996

Fine and applied arts 28,748 18,696 6,120 3,415 5,249 3,912 10,052 3,960 1,953 2,528 1,611 Folklore 187 111 34 ." 63 12 76 32 5. 31 8 Foreign languages and literature 20,451 10,609 2,332 1,644 3,335 3,298 9,842 3,121 ,683 3,147 1,891 Forestry 1,485 732 532 159 34 7 753 524 210 19 Geography 3,334 1,995 950 694 176 166 1,339 800 376 103 60 Health professions 14,242 8,270 3,146 811 3,293 1,021 5.972 3,345 682 1,505 440 Home economics 4,611 3,253 126 '09 333 1,685 1,358 134 50 612 562 Law 2,533 2,183 638 1,4;:,4 39 72 360 86 253 2 9 Library science 12,416 9,161 879 732 3,344 4,206 3,255 360 366 910 1,619 Mathematical sciences 22,672 13,604 4,302 5,145 1,562 2,595 9.068 4,687 2,731 920 730 Philosophy 4,851 2,276 1,213 559 335 169 2,575 1,530 596 317 132 Physical sciences 40,113 17,356 9,071 5,69: 1,391 1,202 22,757 15,776 4,903 1,570 509 Psychology 25,342 14,262 4,926 3,873 2,663 2,800 1.,080 5,210 2,062 2,555 1,233

Religion 12,227 5,568 2,883 1,419 666 600 0,669 4,180 1,654 495 330 Social sciences 97,185 50,063 20,830 18,005 11,261 7,967 39,122 18,409 9,741 7,891 3,081

Broad general curriculums and miscellaneous fields 26,071 20,930 4,209 7,159 3,053 6,509 5,141 1,753 1,743 608 1,037

Enrollment for firstprofeselonsi degrees 170,144 63,266 52,182 6,974 4,463 656106,879 91,978 7,932 6,360 609 Chiropody or podiatry (D.S.C. or Pod.D 1 1,148 353 344 - 9 795 Dentistry (D.D.S. or D.M.D.) . 16,510 4,639 4,534 2 103 - 11,871 11,695 5 170 1 Medicine (M.D.) 40,170 11,394 10,141 12 1,240 1 28,776 26,103 41 2,630 2 Optometry (O.D.) 2,594 852 815 4 33 - - 1,742 1,703 6 32 1 Osteopathy (D.0.) 2,135 603 584 3 16 1,532 1,480 8 Veterinary medicine (D.V.M.) 4,716 1,439 1,280 1 157 1 3,277 2,987 4 286 Law (LL.B. or J.D.) 80,694 36,136 27,352 5,611 2,575 598 44,558 34,297 6,965 2,750 546 Theology (B.D., Rabbi, or other firstprofessional) 20.954 7,449 6,847 335 216 51 13,505 12,324 893 235 53 Other 1.223 400 285 6 104 5 823 601 10 206 6

'Students with less than 1 full year of required study for an advanced degree or its

equivalent in part-time study.

'Students with 1 or more years of required study for an advanced degree.

72

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Office o Education, Students Enrolled for Advanced Degrees, Fall 1970.
Table 95.-Enrollment for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study:

United States and outlying areas, fall 960 to fall 1970

Field of study 1960 1962 1964 19681 1968 1970

1 2 3 4

. 6 6 7 _

All 1 lalds 314,349 373,6 46 471,635 666,026 703,746 816,207

Agriculture 3,852 4,292 4,772 5 308 6,497 7,166 ArLliitecture 685 836 847 1,161 1,424 2,240

Biological sciences 14,775 17,768 23,660 28,376 33,047 36,499 Business and commerce 25,342 28,750 43,998 63,284 65,747 87,487

City planning (') (3 I (2 ) 1,316 2,039 3,193

Computer science and systems analysis (3 ) el (31 2,032 3,893 7,936 Education 94,993 114,641 133,478 1501,434 215,131 254,473

Engineering 36,636 43,850 54,318 56,385 63,662 64,788

English and lournalism 13,463 16,873 22,661 27,499 32,296 35,957

Fine and applied arts 9,255 11,613 16,015 18,802 23,974 28,748 Folklore (2 ) (31 (31 102 176 187 Foreign languages and literature 6,310 8,678 12,106 16,496 19,837 20,451

Forestry 560 713 860 930 1,180 1,485

Geography 1,041 1,281 1,743 2,207 2,836 3,334

Health professions 6,842 6,586 8,234 9,338 11,373 14,242 Home economics 1,580 1,587 2,213 2,410 3,484 4,611

Law 1,651 2,124 2,407 2,430 2,539 2,533

Library science 1,360 1,856 7,663 9,277 10,982 12,416 Mathematical sciences 11,770 14,121 18,226 20,380 22,947 22,672

Philosophy 2,258 2,684 3,450 4,153 4,931 4,851

Physical sciences 25,707 28,591 34,061 36,061 40,937 40,113

Psychology 10,677 11,344 13,733 15,685 21,643 25,342

Religion 5,314 5,447 6,111 7,383 12,620 12,227 Social sciences 37,317 45,121 59,808 69,282 83,725 97,185

Broad general curriculums and miscellaneous fields . . 4,061 5,199 8,281 8,?15 16,825 26,071

I Excludes 35 nonrepotting institutions with an estimated 28,000 students en

rolled for master's and doctor's deproes.

'Data not available. NOTE-Data for 1960 and 1962 exclude students enrolled for first - professional

degrees, including some master's degrees in such fields as business and coin.

merce, education, library science, and social work. Data for sub equent years

include all students enrolled for master's and doctor's degrees.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, circulars on Students Enrolled for Advanced Degrees.

Table 96.-Selected characteristics of r.ollege students 16 to 34 years of age: United States, October 1970 Characteristic Number

tin thousands) Percent Characteristic Number

(in thousands) Percent

1 2 3 1 2 3 All stuclonts 7,413 100.0 Marital status: Married, spouse present 1,758 23.7 Age; Other 5,655 76.3

16 and 17 years 260 3.5 18 and 19 years 2,594 35.0 Residence:' 20 and 21 years 1,857 25.1 Metropolitan areas lin central cities) 2,284 30.8 22 to 24 years 1,354 18.3 Metropolitan areas (outside central cities) 2,981 40.2

25 to 29 years 939 12.7 Nonmetropolitan areas 2,149 29.0

30 to 34 years 410 5.5 Year of college:

lex: First 2,212 29.8 Male 4,401 59.4 Second 1,739 23.5 Female 3,013 40.6 Third 1,248 16.8 Fourth 1,074 14.5

lace: Fifth 584 7.9 White 6,759 91.2 Sixth or higher 556 7.5 Negro 522 7.0 Other 132 1.8 Residence re- ers to the permanent home address of the student rather than to

where he attends college.

NOTE-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

73

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Psports, Series P-20, No. 222.

of L:
Table 97, Selected characteristics of graduate students: United States, spring

1955

eroble variables All students Profile yarlables Sex Age Racal Citizenship Men Women 23 and

under 2428 2 9 and over White Negro Other United States Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number of $iudents 477,535 335,227 142,308 88,663 191,688 217,183 425,323 12,141 4,022 441,487 36,048 Percent Tots/ 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Sex: Men 70 64 75 68 70 52 73 83 Women 30 36 25 32 30 48 27 31 17 Age:23 and under 14 13 18 15 9 11 15 8 24 to 28 40 43 34 40 33 47 40 46

29 and over 45 44 49 45 58 42 45 46 Race: White 96 97 95 97 97 96 96 Negro 3 2 4 2 2 3 3 Other (chiefly Oriental) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Citizenship: United States 92 91 96 96 91 92 100 100 100 Other 8 9 4 4 9 8 Marital status: Single, no dependents 35 32 42 68 43 18 34 37 43 34 53 Single, with dependents 4 2 7 2 3 5 4 8 5 4 5 Married, no dependents 20 18 26 22 26 14 21 16 27 21 15 Married, with dependents 41 47 25 7 28 63 42 40 25 42 27 Enrollment status: Full time 44 49 33 68 49 32 41 43 49 41 75 Parttime . 56 51 67 32 51 68 59 57 51 59 25 Control of institution: Public 62 61 65 59 64 61 62 41 70 66 Private 38 39 35 41 36 39 38 59 30 li 34 Type of institution: Universities 74 78 64 78 76 71 72 73 80 13 94 All other 26 22 36 22 24 29 28 27 20 6 Size of graduate enrollment: 2.000 or more 47 49 44 52 50 43 47 35 61 46 57 Less than 2,000 53 51 56 48 50 57 53 65 39 54 43

'Includes U.S. citizens only.

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, The Academic and Financial Status of Graduate Students, Spring

1965.

Table 98.Socioeconomic backgrour :1 of graduate students, by sax: United States, spring 1985

Background characteristic

All students Sex Background characteristic

All students Sex Men Women Men Women

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Number of students 477,535 335,227 142,308 Number of students 477,535 335,227 142,308 Percent Percent Total 100 100 100 Total 100 100 1 100 Father's income per annum): Father's education: Less than $5,000 29 30 28 Oid not complete grade school 13 13 11 $5,000 to $7,499 27 28 24 Completed grade school but not high school .. 28 28 26 $7,500 to $9,999 16 16 14 Completed high school but no college 23 24 23 $10,000 to $14,999 12 12 12 One but less than 4 years of college 12 12 13 $15,000 to $19,999 4 3 5 Completed college 12 12 13 $20,000 and over 4 4 6 Obtained master's degree 4 4 4 Do not know 8 6 12 Obtained Ph.D. or other 8 7 10 Father's occupation: Mother's education: Laborer 5 6 5 Did not complete grade school 9 9 8 Service worker 4 4 3 Completed grade school but not high school .. 27 27 25 Semiskilled operatiii 7 8 6 Completed high school but no college 34 35 32 Skilled craftsman 18 19 16 One but less than 4 years of college 16 15 18 Farm operator 8 7 8 Completed college 11 10 12 Proprietor or manager 18 17 19 Obtained master's degree 3 2 3 Semiprofessional 15 15 16 Obtained Ph.D. or other 1 1 1 Professional (except educator) 19 19 21 Teacher or other educator 5 5 5 NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

,EtItlation, The Academic and Financial Status of Graduate Students, Spring

19616
Table 99.-Stipend status of graduate students: United States, spring 1986

Profile variables Total Stipend status Profile variables Total Stipend status Held

stipends Did not hold

stipends Held

stipends Did not hold

stipends Number Percent Percent Percent Number Percent Percent Percent

1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 All students 477,535 100 43 67 All studenh 477,535 100 51 Sex:Man 335,22' 100 49 51 Single, with dependents 18,132 100 38 62 Women 142,301 100 37 83 Married, no dependents 96,199 100 45 55 Age: Married, with dependents 194,977 100 35 85

23 and under 68,063 100 54 46 Enrollment status: 24 to 28 191,688 100 51 49 Full-time 210,130 100 88 44

29 end over 217,183 100 34 66 Part -time 267,404 100 26 74 Race: ' Control of institution: White 425,323 100 41 59 Public 296,032 100 43 57 Negro 12,141 100 44 56 Private 181,503 100 44 56 Other (chiefly Oriental) 4,022 100 42 58 Type of institution:

Citizenship: Universities 354,078 100 52 48 United States 441,487 100 41 59 All other 123,457 100 18 82 Other 36,048 100 70 30 Size of graduate enrollment: Marital status: 2,000 or more 225,524 100 52 48 Single, no dependents 168,225 100 53 47 Less than 2,000 252,010 100 36 64 1Includes U.S. citizenr only.

NOTE: Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of

Education, The Academic and Financial Status of Graduate Students, Spring

1965.

Table 100, - Number of 2-year institutions of higher education and enrollment,

by control of institution and by sex: United States, fall 1947 to fall 1969

Year Number of institutions Total enrollment Enrollment by control of

institution Enrollment by sex Total Public Private Public Private Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1947 480 250 230 222,045 163,005 59,040 152,003 70,042

1948 492 257 235 210,977 153,970 57,007 139,630 71,347

1949 518 275 243 229,001 170,689 58,312 151,191 77,810

1950 528 299 229 217,403 167,874 49,529 136,868 77,535

1951 511 294 217 199,997 156,239 43,758 120,801 79,196

1952 52E 299 226 238,222 191,602 46,620 142,459 95,763

1953 518 293 225 258,241 210,006 48,235 155.806 102,435

1954 474 277 197 282,433 241,145 41,288 171,752 110,681

1955 467 275 192 308,411 265.326 43,085 196,671 111,740

1956 4B2 278 204 347,345 297,621 49,724 225,635 121,710

1957 490 283 207 368,998 315,990 53,008 237,617 131.381

1958 495 290 205 385,436 330,881 54,555 247,942 147,494

1959 508 310 198 409,195 355,967 53.228 259,504 149,691

1960 521 315 206 451,333 392,310 59,023 282,155 169,178

1961 524 329 195 517.925 456,381 61,544 320,156 197,769

1962 561 349 212 589,529 519,257 70,272 365,624 223.905

1963 573 357 216 624,789 551,308 73,481 386,660 238,129

1964 617 389 228 710,868 620,859 90,009 439,509 271,359

1965 633 399 234 841,437 737.890 103,547 521,846 31 '.591

19661 700 450 250 945,000 840,000 105,000 577.000 36L.000

19671 735 495 240 1,075,000 966,000 109,000 653,000 422,000

1968 802 548 254 1,289,993 1.169,635 120,358 782,602 507,391 1969 .. 813 577 236 1,528,429 1,412,610 115.819 910,631 I 617,798

1 1 Estimated. The total number of 2-year institutions, including th se offering non-degree-cred t programs exclusively, vies 752 in 1966 and 786 in 1967. NOTE: Beginning in 196U, data are for 50 States and District of rolumbia; data for earlier years ere for 48 States

and District of Columbia. Beginning in 1953, enrollmen, 4yures include resident and extension degree-credit

students; data for earlier years exclude extension student,.

SOURCE: US Department 01 Health, Education, ,std Welfare, Office of Education, circulars on Opening Fall

Enrollment in Higher Education.

75 g
Table 101.-Engineering enrollment in institutions of higher education, by level:

United States and outlying areas, fall 1949 to fall 1969

Fall

1

Total engineering enrollment

1949 . 1950

1951 1952

1953

1954 1955..... . 1956 1957 . 1958

219,712

180,262

165,637

176,549

193,333

214,414

243,390

277,052

297,077

289,680

Level of enrollment, for- First Master's engineering degr degree

. . _

3 1 201,927

161,592

145,997

156,080

171,725

193,692

221,448

251,121

268,761

256,779

15,242

15,869 16 765

17,539

18,607

17,441

18,779

22,529

24,136

28,138

' Also includes enrollment I other postgraduate predoctoral degrees.

NDTE.-Includes I ullttrna d partime degree - credit students.

Doctor's

degr ce 5

._. 2,543

2,801

2,875

2,930

3,001

3,281

3,1P: 3 102 4,180

4,763

Full Total engineering enrollment

2 1959 1960

1901 1962

1963

1964 1965 . 1968.. . 1969 . .

278,348

271,850

272,777

275,329

781.4!..2 199,388

311,567

329,043

321,471

Level of enrollment, for-

- First engineering

degree

3

Master',

degree' 4 242,992 29,713

234,190 31,215

232,104 32,804

230,730 35,359

232,001 38,457

244,607 42,159

253,412 44,208

261,560 47,552

254,514 47,087

Doctor's

degree

5 5,643

6,445

7,869

9,240

10,994

12,622

13,947

19,931

19,870 SOUR 1E: U.S. Department of Health Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Engineering Degrees (1964-651 and Enrollments (Fall 1965I; and

Engineering Manpower s.ommission of Engineers Joint Council, Engineering and

Technician Enrollments, Fall 7959.

Table 102.-Facu ty, students, and degrees conferred in institutions attended predominantly

by Negro students: United States, 1963-84

lte-n Total Unive.sities, colleges, and

professional schools Teachers

colleges=

Junior colleges Public Private Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number crI institutions 107 20 49 12 15 11 Faculty, ditfarent persons 9,968 3,858 4,316 1,109 474 211 Men 6,209 2,394 2,791 622 284 118 Women 3,759 1,464 1,525 487 190 93 Resident degree-credt enrollment ... 105,495 45,838 38,558 14,902 4,273 1,924 Men 47,155 21,165 17,870 5,498 1,831 791 Women 58,340 24,673 20,688 9,404 2,442 1,133

Undergraduate and first professional 101,353 43,203 37,162 14,791 4,273 1,924 Men 45,384 20,207 17,093 5,462 1,831 791 Women 55,969 22,996 20,069 9,329 2,442 1,133

First time in any college 30,026 12,202 10,345 4,337 2,178 964 Men 13,297 5,812 4,459 1,659 951 416 Women 16,729 6,390 5,886 2,678 1,227 548 Graduate 4,142 2,635 1,396 111 - Men 1,771 958 777 36 - - - - Women 2,371 1 677 619 75 - - - Extension degree-credit enrollment .. 1,946 1,762 134 50 - Enrollment in terminal-occupational education 1,588 454 453 284 283 114 Earned degrees conferred:

Bachelor's and first professional 14.058 5,611 5,908 2,539 - - Men 5,667 2,414 2,439 814 - - Wome I 8,391 3,197 3,469 1,725

Master's, ercept first professional 1,450 1,019 378 53 Men 651 397 231 23 - Women 799 622 147 , 30 - Doctor's 7 1 6 0 - Men 5 1 4 0 - - Women 2 0 2 0

I Includes community colleges, technical institutes, normal schools, and other educational institutions restricted to less than

4 years of work or the undergraduate or terminal-occupational level.

2All publicly controlled.

NOTE: Data on faculty are for the first term of the academic year; on students, for fall 1963; and on degrees, for the 12-

month period ending June 30, 1964,

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Faculty and Other Professional Staff

in Instituts.ns of Higher Education, First Term I963-64; Resident and Extension Enrollment in Institutions o' Higher Education, Fall I963; and Earned Degrees Conferred, I963-64.

00 9

76
Item

1

Total

Total Men . Women

Total Men Women

Bachelor's and first professional: Total Men Women Second level Imager's except

first professional): Total Men Women Doctor's: Total Men Women

Total current income Educational and

general income Total current expenditures Educational and general expendi tures Value of physical

property Endowment and other nonexpend- able funds

Table 103.-Historical summer/ of faculty, students, degrees, end fineness In

institutions of higher education: United States, 1889.70 to 198889

1869-70 1879-80 1880-B0 1899-1900 1909.10 1919.20 1929.30 193940 194950 195940 196364 1968-89

2 3 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

Institutions 583 811 998 977 951 1,041 1,409 1,7081 1,8511 2,006 2,132 2,483

Faculty)

25,553 23,988 36,480 82,386L 146,92111 248,722 380,654 494,514 '758600

24 887 27,328 112,704 19,151 29,132 3U,807 80,017 106,328 166,189 'estem

666 24,194 23.106 4,717 7,348 12,808 72,380 40,601 60,5'33 1t7,400

Resident degree4redit enrollment./

252,296 2115,817 166,766 355,213 597,880 1,100,737 1.494.203 .859,021 54.234.092 '8,928,115

241,160 277,972 2100,463 2214,648 314,938 1,.:53,068 32,822,787 '4,119,002

11,126 237,845 258,303 2140,565 282,942 806,953 51,811,305 '2,809,113

Earned degrees conferred

9,371 12,896 15,639 27,410 37,199 122,484 188,G00 432,068 392,440 498,654 764,185

7,993 10,411 12,857 22,173 28.762 31,860 73,616 109,546 328,841 254,063 298,048 444,380

1,378 2,485 2,682 5,237 8,437 18,642 48,869 76,964 103,217 138,377 200,800 319,805

879 1,015 1,583 2,113 4,279 14,969 28,731 58,183 74,436 101,060 193,766 868 821 1,280 1,555 2,985 8,925 16,508 41,220 50,898 88,969 121,531

11 194 303 558 1,294 6,044 10,223 16,963 23,537 32.081 72,225

'49 382 443 615 2,299 3,290 6,420 9,829 14,490 28,188

51 147 360 399 572 1,946 2,861 5,804 8,801 12,965 22,762

3 2 23 44 93 353 429 816 1,028 1,536 3,436

Finances lin thousands of dollars)

(7) (7) 17/ 171 $76,883 6199,922 $554,511 $715,211 $2,374,646 $5,785,537 19,543,514118,874,601

(7) (71 $21.464 135,084 57,917 172.629 483,065 571.288 1,833,845 4.688.352 7,788,448 14,329,929

(7) (7) (71 17) 171 17) 507,142 674,688 2,245,661 5,801,376 9.177,877 18,481,583

(7) (7) (7) 17) (71 (7) 377,903 521,990 1,708,444 4,513,208 7,425,08 13,834,989

(7) (7) 95,428 253,599 460.632 741,333 2,065,060 82,753,780 4,799,964 13,448,548 21,279,346 (")

(7) (7) 78,788 194,998 323,881 569,071 1,512,023 1.764,604 2,844,323 6,571,121 7,295,391

'Total number of afferent individuals (not reduced to full-time equivalent). 2Estimend. 3 data for first term of the academic year.

4Unless otherwise inacated, includes students enrolled at any time during the

academic year. S Data for fall 1963. 60pening fall enrollment. Includes resident and extension degree-credit students. 2Dats not wWlable.

I/Includes unexpended silent funds.

77

NOTE: Beginning In 195940, Includes Alaska end Hawaii.

SOURUE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, flienniel Survey of Education in Me United Stets; Faculty and Odter Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; Comprehensive Report on

Enrollment in Higher Education; Opening Fall Enrollment in Higher Education.

IMO; Earned Degrees Conferred; end Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education.

0 0
Table 104.-Faculty for resident Instruction In degretcredit

courses In institutions of higher education: United States

and outlying arms, 1949-50 to 1971.72

Veer Total

Instructor or above Junior

instruc- none' staff Total Fulltime Perttime

1 2 3 4 5 6 1949-80 (academic year) 191,396 (' I l' I l' I l' 1 195142 (academic year) 184,826 I ' ) I') I') V I November 1953 208,547 182,028 l' I l' I 28,519 November 1955 227,929 197,791 l' I I') 30,138

First term of the academic year: 1957.58 280,488 220,538 154,802 71,934 33,950

195040 283,080 244,481 183,868 80,805 38,819

1981-82 312,887 288,824 178,832 87,992 48,083

196344 358,153 305,459 204,581 100,808 52,894

1966.66' 438,000 372,000 249,000 123,000 68,000

198748' 525,000 446,000 298,000 148,000 79,000

19(9.70' 583,000 495,000 331,000 184,000 88,000

1971.72' 822,000 528,000 353,000 175,000 94,000

' Duty not available.

Estimetad by Office of Cducation.

NOTE.-C to refer to number of positions rather than to the number of

different parsons employed

SOURCE: U.S. Department a Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, !Venn's, Survey of Education in the United Stets,: and circulars on

Faculty and Other Profeulonal Staff in Institutions of Higher Edgcation.

Table 105,-Faculty and other professional staff in institutions of

higher education, by sex end by control and level of Institution:

United States and outlying area, first term 195, -80 to 196748

Item

Number of different persons 1959-80 198142 198344 1968-67 1987.68

1 2 3 4 5 6 Total 382,8414 427,833 496,359 650,198 714,949

By BOX: Men '17,974 333,830 387,785 I') II) Women 94,990 94,003 110,594 II I III

By control of institution: Public 709,843 235,851 288,165 402,86. 462,872 Private 173,021 191,982 210,194 247,300 262,077

Ely level Of institution:

4-yeer institutions 347,872 389,bd* 451,820 675,946 630,210

2yeer institutions 34,792 38,240 48,539 74,252 84,739

'Data not oreilible.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educat on. md ',loiter., Office of Education, circuital on Faculty and Other Profeuloc1 Staff in Institutions J1

Higher Education; and Numbers and Charecteristics of Employees in Institutions

of Higher Educatiot Fall 1988 end I-all 1967.

Table 108. - Fatuity and other professional staff in institutions of higher education, by type of position:

United States, first term 195940 to 1971.72

Type of position

Number of positions 1950.60 1981-82 198344 196548' 198748' 1989.70' 1971.72' 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 All professional staff' 418,788 484,858 544,719 669,000 782,000 871 000 933,000

Professional staff for general edminl ttttt ion,

student personnel services, and for libreries 43,985 48,154 58.387 71,,00 84,000 91.000 97,000

Profeffionsi staff for resident instruction

In degree-credit courses 281,508 310,772 365,542 435,000 521,000 578.000 817,000

Instructor or 'bow 242,914 284,749 302,898 370,000 443,000 491,000 524,000 Full-time 182,292 177,052 202.396 247,000 298,000 328,000 350,000

Pentime 80,822 87,897 100,600 123,000 147,000 183,000 174,000

Junior instructional staff 38,592 46,023 52,848 85,000 78,000 87,000 93,000

Professional staff for organised remerch 38,838 49,828 84,503 87,000 72,000 80,000 88,000

Professional staff for extension courses,

resident nomdegnm-credit courses, inetrucdon by mail, radio or TV, short courses, and

individual lessons 58,481 58,108 88,307 88,000 105,000 122,000 133,000

' Estimated.

'Excludes professions' staff for Instruction at the elementary and secondary

school level. Data are in terms of professional positions, not persons.

91 78

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education

circular on Faculty and Other Professions! Staff in Institutions of Higher Education; and Office of Education estimates.
Table 107.-Faculty and other profe.;onal staff it Institutions of

higher education, by State. First term 15:3.64

State

Total number different Men

of persons Worsen

Faculty for resident

in ,ruction in degree-credit courses With rank of in. structor or above Junior

instruc

tional staff Full.

time Part

time

1 2 3 4 5 6 United States 385,405 109,109 202,396 100,500 52,846 Alabama 3,543 1.453 2.584 606 424 Alaska 374 69 184 40 - Arizona 2,903 688 1.585 559 576 Arkansas 2.377 865 1,390 411 316 California 47,690 12,664 20,271 14,361 4,506 Colorado 4,426 1,094 2,533 723 574 Conneicut 5,490 1,843 2,996 1,538 697 De las ,re 684 214 371 101 137 Distr at of Columbia 5,906 1,724 2,447 2,756 725 Floc da 6,887 2.244 4,562 967 828 Geor'a 5,767 1,788 3,179 1.598 522 Hawaii 842 365 691 129 173

Idaho 1,203 332 767 106 104

Illinois 22,749 5,694 10,725 6,555 3,015

Indiana 11,744 2,465 4,871 2,609 2,586

Iowa 6,226 2,044 3,863 718 1,619 Kansas 5.179 1,799 2,922 992 986 Kentucky 3,689 1,830 2,711 786 215

Louisiana 6.008 1,894 ',546 1,679 940 Maine 1.249 382 863 167 97 Maryland 7.834 1,915 3,219 1,941 863 Massachusetts 20,312 4,557 9,832 4.101 4,119

Michigan 14,221 3,640 7,235 3,073 2,213 Minnesota- 8,303 2,352 4,077 1,619 1,579

Mississippi 3,218 1,278 2,183 602 302 Missouri 9,150 2,716 4,584 3,064 1,810 Montana 1.260 327 741 254 175 Nebraska 2,808 699 1,723 734 520 Nevada 479 94 344 36 65 New Hampshire 1,404 451 972 206 115 New Jersey 8,560 1,919 4,305 2,808 731 New Mexico 1,806 434 881 318 346 Yew York 43.697 11.712 21,311 16,477 4,645 North Carolina . 7,484 5,001 5,320 1,055 1,091 North Dakota 1,291 382 851 280 124 3hio 16,997 5,219 8,857 5,047 3,069

3klahoma 4,657 1,329 2,319 1.426 737 Dragon 5,174 1,356 2,308 1,028 618

'ennsylvania 22,912 6,110 12,134 6,563 2,693 Rhode Island 2,211 566 1,329 160 510

south Carolina . 2,985 1,127 1,978 422 491

south Dakota 1.381 435 871 293 177

Tennessee 6,327 1,983 4,054 1,464 768

texas 14,807 4,475 9,474 4,084 2.330

Jtah 2,752 672 1,570 444 348 Vermont 1,322 3f. 816 271 70 Virginia 5,694 2,300 3,796 1,387 259 Nashington 6,231 1,844 3,456 983 1,210

Nest Virginia 1,943 736 1,791 280 80 Nisconsin 9,988 3,251 4,445 2,438 1,447

Wyoming 603 225 377 99 79

J.S. Service Schools 2,678 172 2,202 131 22

)utlying areas 2,380 1,48F I 2,185 398 48 Canal Zone 38 14 18 32 Guam 54 26 37 20 - - Puerto Rico 2,255 1,441 2,106 340 47 Virgin Islands .. . 13 4 4 6 1 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educa

Lion, faculty and Other Professional Staff in Institutions of Higher Education,

First Te,,n 1963.64.

79 S.
Selected Characteristics of College Faculty Members

A recent report from the American Council on Education contains a great deal of Information not previously

available on the demographic characteristics, professional

backgrounds, and academic activities of college and university faculty rembers. The report indicates that the

typical member of a college faculty is likely to be white,

Protestant, and a native-born American citizen, He worked

as a teaching or research assistant while attending graduate school, and his graduate program required several

years for completion.

About 45 percent of college faculty members hold a

doctor's degree, and an additional 14 percent have earned

a professional degree, such as D.D.S., or LL .t3 The

academic rank m]st frequently held is assistant professor

(28 percent of the respondents), but there are also substantial numbers of lull professors (22 percent), associate

professors (21 percent), and instructors (20 percent). Considerina eir impressive academic credentials, college

faculty rn embers are a relatively youthful group. One-third

of them are between 1 and 40 years of age, and more

than one-fourth are Mel in their forties. (See the accompanying c; a t.)

Fifty-tv percent of the faculty members teach nine or

more hours of classes per week; 48 percent teach eight

hours or less. Fifty-two percent teach urderyaduates exclusively; 32 percent, undergraduate and wt.°, le students; 11 percent, graduate students exci is;vuly; and the

remainder were not teaching at the time of the survey.

Most of the faculty teach between 25 and 230 students

in all of their classes combined, with 50 to 100 students

being the most frequent teaching load reported. Threefourths of the respondents are more interested in classroom teaching than in research.

W. VANCE GR

specialist in educational static ics

Over 60 77%

5160

30 or less 160%

Master's (except 15 7% professional) 34 5%

41 35 loctor's 45 174%

4150 267% 3640

16 5%

95%

Other or nu rank

rtes.'? at Professor 21 6%

Assn proles or

07°

instructor 19 9%

Assistant professor 2P 3%

0`.

3

80
Table "08.- Demographic and background characteristics of college faculty members, by type of Institution

and by saw. United States, spring 1909

(Percentage distribution(

Item

All institutions Universities Four-year col toes Two-year colleges -

lotel Men Women Total Men 6 Women 7 Total 8 Men9 Women

10 Total 11 Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 12 13 Twat 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Age:

Over 60 (born before 1909) 7.7 7.3 9.3 7.4 7.2 8.6 8.5 7.9 10.4 6.6 6.2 8.0 51-60 (bor 1909.1919) 15.7 15.1 18.6 15.7 15.1 19.4 15.6 15.0 17.7 16.1 15.2 18.5 41.50 (born 1919.1928) 26.7 26.7 26.6 27.1 27.3 25.8 26.7 25.6 26.4 28.0 27.9 29.0 36-40 (Dom 1929.1933) 16.5 17.3 13.0 17.3 18.3 11.7 15.9 16.4 14.5 14.6 15.5 12.2 31.35 (born 1934.1938) 17.4 18.5 12.8 17.8 18.6 13.3 17.1 18.4 12.8 16.6 18.3 11.9 30 or less (born after 1931') 16.0 15.0 19.7 14.6 13.4 2. I 17.0 16.7 18.1 18.0 17.2 20.3 Race: White 96.3 96.6 94.7 97.7 97.7 97.1 93.5 94.2 91.3 98.4 99.1 96.7 Black 2.2 1.8 3.9 0.5 0.4 1.0 5.0 4.2 7.4 .7 .5 1.4 Oriental 1 '1 1.3 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.0 1.2 1.2 9 .5 .2 1.4 Other .3 .3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .4 .4 .3 .3 .2 .5 Citizenship:

Not U.S. citizen 3.8 4.0 2.8 4.8 5.1 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 .9 .8 1.3 U.S. citizen, naturalized 5.3 5.5 4.6 5.6 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.8 4.9 3.8 4.3 2.2 U.S. citizen, native ....... . .. . . 90.9 90.5 92.6 89.6 19.2 91.6 91.1 90.9 91 ./ e 95.3 94.8 96.5 Father's ed..cational ottainmer t: Eighth grade or less 29.1 30.0 25.5 26.1 26.9 21.9 30.5 31.5 28.7 37.1 39.4 30.5 Some high school 14.3 14.4 13.7 13.5 13.6 13.3 15.0 15.4 13.6 15.1 16.2 15.0 Completed high :iinol 17.5 17.5 17.4 17.3 17.2 17.7 17.1 17.4 16.0 19.3 19.1 20.1 Some collage 12.6 12.4 13.7 13.1 12.9 14.2 12./ 12.2 12.3 12.1 10.8 15.9 College grik.luate 9.7 9.6 10.0 11.0 10.9 11.7 9.0 8.7 10.1 6.5 6.7 5.8 Tome graduate ..^hcal 5.4 5.0 7.1 5.8 5.5 7.5 5.6 4.9 7.8 3.2 2.7 4.5 Advanced degree . 11.4 11.1 12.6 13.1 13.0 13.8 10.7 9.9 13.3 6.6 6.1 8.2 Religious background: Protestant 64.1 63J 65.4 67.6 66.8 72.2 59.4 59.3 59.7 64.3 64.4 64.1 Catholic 16.9 15.9 21.3 13.0 12.7 14.8 19.9 18.6 24.3 23.4 21.8 28.2

Jewish 9.7 10.4 6.7 10.1 10.7 6.2 11.5 12.3 8.9 3.3 3.7 2.2 Other 3.3 3.4 2.7 3.3 3.4 2.6 3.2 3.3 2 1 3.6 3.8 2.8 None 3.2 3.3 2.6 3.7 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.5 2.2 2.4 1.4 No answer 2.7 3.0 1.2 2.3 2.6 .9 3.0 3.4 1.6 3.1 3.8 1.3 Current religion: Protestant 47.9 47.1 51.4 48.9 47.8 55.8 45.1 44.6 46.7 52.0 51.4 53.5 Catholic 13.5 12.2 19.2 9.6 9.2 12.2 15.4 14.7 22.4 20.1 17.8 26.8

Jewish 7.0 7.3 5.4 6.9 7.3 4.9 8.6 9.0 7.5 2.4 2.6 1.6 Other 5.9 6.1 5.2 6.0 6.2 5.1 5.6 5.7 5.1 6.8 7.1 5.9 None 20.7 21.9 15.6 23.7 24.6 18.8 11 1 20.2 15.0 13.8 15.0 10.1 No answir 4.9 5.4 3.1 4.7 4.9 3.4 5.3 5.8 3.3 5.0 6.0 2.1 Marital status: Currently married 79.3 81.0 47.4 83.2 89.4 48.1 74.9 83.7 45.6 76.7 86.0 50.3 Divorced, separated, widowed 4.8 3.0 12.4 4.1 2.7 12.1 5.7 3.5 12.9 5.2 2.8 12.2 Never married 15.9 10.0 40.1 12.7 7.9 39.8 19.4 12.8 41.5 18.1 11.2 32.5 Number of children: None 36.1 29.3 F5.3 32.3 '''Ci.2 67.3 40.6 33.7 64.8 38.0 29.7 61.9 One 15.9 16.7 12.3 15.7 11.4 12.0 16.0 16.9 12.8 16.3 18.0 '1'1.5 Two 23.7 26.3 12.9 25.4 27.7 12.0 22.0 24.3 13.8 22.5 25.9 12.7 Three or more 24.3 27.7 9.6 26.6 29.7 8.7 21.4 25.1 8.6 23.1 26.3 13.S NOTE.-Data are based upon a sample survey by the Carnegie Commission on the

Future of Higher Education end the American Council on Education. Because of

roulding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

81

SOURCE American Council on Education, Research Report Vol. 5, No. 5,

College and University Faculty: A Statistical Description. June 1970.

r'
Table 109. - Professional background and academic activity of college faculty members.

by type of institution and by sex: United States. spring 19f9

cenlege distribution)

Item

All -Totalinstitutions

;Mn Women Total Universities Mon Women

i Four.year Total

colleges Men WomenI Two'year Totalcolleges Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

... . .. ... . _ _ Totel 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100,0 100.0 100.0 Highest degree held: Bachelor's or less 6.7 6.3 8.6 4.5 4.2 6.2 6.2 5.8 7 '1 17 1 17.2 16.9 Master's (except professional) 34.5 30.1 53.3 22.9 18.3 48.9 40.2 36.9 51.5 . 64.2 63.0 67.7 Professional (except medical) 8.8 8.1 11.9 7.4 6.5 12.8 9.9 9.6 11.0 11.2 10.9 11.9 Medical degree 4.9 6.6 1.8 8.8 9.7 3.6 .9 1.0 4 .8 .8 1.1 PhD 0 Ed.D 41.4 46.1 21.7 52.7 57.5 25.5 38.6 42.2 26.0 i 5.1 6.1 2.7 Other ...Masorete

veers elapsed b.z.tween B A end highest

degree:

3.6 3.8 7.8 3.6 3.8 2.8 4.2 4.3 3.7 1.6 2.1 No higher degree held or no a doer . . 13.0 12.4 15.6 10.0 9.5 12.9 13.8 13.3 15.2 22.4 22.4 22.6

1 2 years 13.2 11.6 19.6 9.4 7.6 19.7 14.9 14.1 17.7 22.7 22.2 24.2 3 .4 years .. . . . ......... 19.2 20.1 15.0 22.4 23.4 16.8 15.5 16.1 13.4 16.9 175 15.0 5. 7 year 21.5 23.1 15.0 25.1 26.8 15.6 19.1 20.0

I 15.9 " 6 15.11 11 I 8 10 years 14.3 15.0 11.2 15.0 15.7 10.8 15.0 15.7 12.8 10.1 d.1 11 or more years 18.8 17.8 23.6 18.0 17.0 24.1 21.7 20.7 25.0 I 12.0 19.1 Percentage checking that during graduete

school. Was a teaching assistant 53.0 55.8 41.3 61.2 63.3 49.1 50.2 53.3 39.7 I 28.6 29.1 27.3 Was e research assistant 34.6 38.2 18.9 45.0 48.5 24.6 28.3 31.0 18.8 11.2 12.9 6.3 Was ewarded fellowship over 51.000 . 48.2 49.7 41.8 55.2 56.2 50.0 46.4 47.9 41.0 25.2 25.4 24.4 Had faculty "sponsor" for job 36.1 38.1 27.7 44.1 46.2 32.2 30.8 32.0 26.6 19.3 19.1 20 J Year highest degree received: Before 1939 6.5 6.8 5.5 6.8 7 0 5.9 6.6 7.0 5.4 5.3 5.4 4.8

1939.1948 9.3 8.9 10.9 10.4 11.3 11.0 8.4 7.6 11.2 7.3 6.4 10.0 1949-1958 25.5 26.4 22.0 27.0 2/.8 22.3 23.2 23.5 22.2 26.5 28.5 20.8

1959 or since 58.6 57.9 61.6 55.7 54.8 60.8 61.8 62.0 61.2 60.9 59.7 64.4 Major field of postgraduate degree:

Business, commerce, and management 3.8 4.2 2.5 3.3 :A.7 1.4 4.0 4.7 1.6 5.4 4.7 7.2 Education (including physical education) 10.9 9.6 16.1 8.5 15.4 11.9 10.6 16.6 17.0 17.2 16.5 Biological sciences (including agriculture) 7.7 8.6 4.0 10.8 11.8 5.1 4.7 5.1 3.4 4.1 4.3 3.3 Physical sciences (including mathematics) 11.1 12.6 5.0 11.2 12.4 4.0 12.1 13.8 6.1 8.3 9.5 4.8 Engineering (including architecture) 6.2 7.7 3 8.2 9.5 .4 5.0 6.4 .2 2.4 3.2 .1 Social sciences (including psychology

end geogrephy) 11.3 12.1 7.6 12.1 13.0 7.3 11.7 12.4 9.1 , 6.9 7.6 4.8 Fine arts 6.3 6.0 7.6 5.1 4.8 6.7 8.0 7.7 9.1 6.5 1;.8 5.7 Humanities 16.4 15.4 20.6 13.3 12.6 17.4 20.6 19.6 23.9 16.3 15.2 19.6 Health fields 5.2 4.9 6.7 9.0 8.5 11.8 1.3 .9 2.7 1.8 .6 5.2 Other professions (including social work,

law, journalism, library science) 3.2 2.9 4.5 3.8 3.3 6.9 2.8 2.6 3.5 I 1.9 2.0 1.7 All other fields (including home

economics, industrial arts) 1.7 1.1 4.6 2.1 .9 8.6 1.4 1.1 2.4 i 1.6 1.7 1.3 None, no postgraduate degree (including

no answer) 16.0 15.0 20.3 12.6

, 12.1 14.9 16.4 15.0 21.3 27.8 27.1 29.9 Present rank: Professor 21.6 24.5 9.4 27.2 30.1 9.9 19.6 22.0 11.2 6.2 7.1 3.6 Associate professor 20.7 21.9 15.7 22.5 23.8 15.1 21.9 23.3 17.1 10.9 1^.1 13.4 Assistant professor 28.3 28.2 28.7 29.6 29.4 30.7 3..0 30.8 31.6 15.7 5.2 17.0

Instructor 19.9 16.3 34.8 11, 1 11.5 35.7 .9.0 15.8 29.6 40.5 28.7 45.6 Lecturer 3.6 3.3 4.6 2.3 2.7 4.0 5.5 5.2 6.5 .9 .8 1.3 No ranks designated 3.4 3.4 3.3 .:_ .3 .3 1.4 1.4 1.4 20.9 23.1 14.6 Other 2.5 2.3 3.5 2.5 2.2 4.2 1.7 1.4 2.5 4.9 5.0 4.6 Type of appointment:

Reguler with tenure 46.7 48.8 37.5 49.6 52.3 34.7 43.0 44.3 38.4 45.7 47.2 41.5 Reguler without tenure 48.8 46.7 57.6 45.9 43.3 60.5 51.9 50.8 55.4 51.: 49.5 56.3 Acting 2.1 1.9 2.9 1.9 1.8 2.5 2.4 2.0 3.7 2. 2.1 2.0 Visiting 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.6 2.3 2.7 2.8 2.4 .1 1.1 .2

Ct 5 82
Table 109.-Professional background and academic activity of college faculty members,

by type of institution and by sex: United States, spring 1969 -(Continued)

Percentage distribu bon(

Item

All institutions Universities Four.year colleges Twovellf colleges Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women Total Men Women

I 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 t3

Basic salary fur academic year

Below $7,000 . . 8.3 6.2 17.0 7.0 5.3 18 2 8.7 8.0 17.8 t2.4 10.9 16.8 $7,000. $9,999. 26.4 21.7 45 6 17.0 13.1 38.8 34.3 30.0 48.8 40.2 35.7 52.7 610,000 $11,999 20.0 20 8 17.0 18.3 17.9 20.7 22.2 24.1 15.7 20.4 22.2 15.4 612,000 $13,999 16.0 174 9.9 17.1 18.1 11.3 14.3 15.9 8.8 16.4 18.8 9.8 614,000 $16,999 13.7 15.5 8.1 18.9 18.8 7.4 10.9 12.5 5.5 8.9 10.5 4.8 $17,000. $19,999 7.7 9.1 2.0 11.3 12.7 3.2 5.3 8.3 1.8 .9 1.2 .1 $20,000. $240-9 5.3 6.3 1.2 8.2 9.3 2.0 3.0 3.7 1.0 .3 .4 .1 $25,000 and over 2.6 1 1 .5 4.2 4.9 .3 1.2 1.5 .8 3 .2 .7 Salary basis.

9/10 months . 65.8 85.1 68.7 58.7 58.0 82.5 70.8 70.9 70.4 79.1 79.4 78.2 11/12 months . . 34.2 34,9 31.2 41.3 42.0 37.5 29.2 29.1 29.8 20.9 20.8 21.8 Teiching responsibilities

Entirely undergraduate 52.1 48.2 68.6 27.8 24.3 48.1 69.3 87.5 75.5 96.0 96.0 96.2 Some undergraduate, some graduate . 32.1 35.1 19.8 47.0 49.6 31.8 23.2 25.1 18.8 ,9 1.0 .8 Entirely graduate . 11.3 12.3 6.8 19.2 20.2 13.2 4.8 4.8 4.0 .0 .0 .0 Not teaching this year ..

lercentage using teaching methods in most/some courses

4.5 4.4 4.9 6.0 5.9 6.9 3.0 2.7 3.9 3.0 3.0 3.0

Term papers 53.5 51.5 82.1 45.2 43.4 56.0 63.9 62.6 68.4 56.0 54.7 60.0 Frequent quizzes 60.7 58.7 69.4 48.8 47.0 58.4 68 4 87.3 72.5 84.7 84.5 85.2 Teaching assistants 20.7 22.2 13.6 30.5 31.8 22.4 12.2 13.1 8.8 2.2 1.8 3.3 Closedcircuit television 7.1 6.8 7.9 6.0 5.7 8.1 8.4 8.5 7.9 7.7 7.7 7.7 Machineaided instruction 14.8 14.0 18.3 11.3 10.7 15.1 15.3 15.2 15.8 27.2 25.9 31.1 Yumber class hours per week: None 7.9 7.6 7.9 11.5 11.5 11.4 4.4 4.0 5.6 3.5 3.3 4.1

1 4 15.4 16.2 11.9 21.0 22.0 15.4 10.8 10.8 10.8 7.2 7.3 7.0 5 8 25.0 26.8 17.7 32.8 34.3 22.8 20.8 21.8 16.6 8.8 8.7 9.2

9 12 29.1 28.3 32.8 22.8 21.7 29.4 42.1 42.5 40.4 17.6 16.2 21.7 13 or more 22.5 20.7 29.9 12.1 10.5 21.0 22.2 21.0 28.4 62.7 64.4 58.0 Total students in classes. None (including no answer) 6.2 6.3 6.2 8.8 8.8 8.7 3.8 3.4 4.8 3.4 3.3 3.9 Under 25 19.5 19.7 18.5 24.0 24.6 20.1 15.8 15.0 18.6 12.7 12.0 14.5 25 .49 22.0 21.8 22.7 22.5 22.4 23.5 23.1 23.1 23.2 16.7 15.6 19.8 50 99 28.6 28.3 29.9 24.6 24.4 26.3 33.7 34.2 32.2 29.5 28.5 32.8 100 249 20.6 '0.6 20.6 16.5 16.2 18.6 21.6 22.1 19.8 33.3 35.6 26.6 250 or more 3.0 3.3 2.1 3.5 3.6 2.8 2.0 2.2 1.4 4.4 5.0 2.5 Teachingresearch interests:

Heavily in research 4.1 4.6 1.8 6.3 6.9 3.0 2.2 2.5 1.2 .7 .9 .3 Both, lean toward research 19.8 22.3 8.9 28.9 31.9 12.1 12.9 14.3 8.2 3.7 3.7 3.8 Both, lean toward teaching 34.4 35.8 28.8 37.2 38.2 31.3 36.0 37.6 30 5 19.3 19.8 17.9 Heavily in teaching 41.8 37.2 60.8 27.5 23.0 53.5 48.8 45.5 60.1 76.2 75.6 78.1

'lumber of professional articles published:

None (including no r owed 43.6 39.0 63.2 29.5 25.2 54.3 51.1 47.2 64.5 76.3 75.1 79.9 1 4 29.4 30.1 26.4 29.7 29.7 29.9 32.2 33.7 26.7 20.5 21.5 17.8

5 10 10.5 11.6 5.8 14.1 15.2 7.8 8.5 9.4 5.5 2.1 2.1 1.9 11 20 6.8 7.8 2.5 10.3 11.4 4.2 4.3 5.0 1.9 .8 .8 .2 21 or more 9.7 11.4 2.1 16.3 18.5 3.8 3.9 4.6 1.4 .4 .5 .1

,ersonat career rating:

Very successful 24.4 24.4 24.1 26.3 26.8 23.4 21.0 20.9 21.5 26.4 24.8 31.8 Fairly sur.,essful 69.3 69.0 70.2 67.8 67.2 71.4 71.6 71.4 72.5 68.0 70.2 61.9 Fairly or very unsuccessful 6.3 6.5 5.7 5.9 6.0 5.2 7.3 7.7 6.0 5.5 5.2 6.3 NOTE.-Data are based upon a sample survey by the Carnegie Commissiol on the

Future of Higher Education and the American Council on Education. Because of

rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

83

SOURCE: American Councl on Education, Research Report Vol. 5, No. 5,

College and Unlotalty Faculty: A Sraristicei Descriprion, June 1970.
Table 110. - Average salaries of faculty members In Institutions of higher education, by type of institution,

length of contract, and academic rank: United States, 1968.87 and 1967.88 Academic rank Universities 1966417 1907418

1 2 3 Academic deans . $19,753 $21,299 Professors 15,614 18,432

Associate professors 11,498 12,167

Assistant professors 9,178 9,965

Instructurs 7,128 7,617

Other academic faculty 8,668 9,174

Professors and instructors combined( 11,108 11,821 - -

Academic deans $21,289 $22,474 Professors 17,376 18,606

Associate professors 13,312 14,209

Assistant professors 10,952 11,724

Instructors 8,452 9,027

Other a .ademic faculty 10,129 10,694

Professors and ,nstructors combined, 13,435 14,424

The average salaries for universities and for other 4-year institutions are weighted

averages for do ranks of professors, associate professors, assistant professors,

and instructors. The overages for 2-year instIrL soon+ include "other academic

faculty," in eddy ion to the above ranks, because those with no designate^, ranks

were reported in this category.

Other 4.year institutions 2-year institutions Percent

increase 1066 67 1967 68 Percent

increase 196667 1967 68 Percent oncreal0 4 8 7 8 9 10 9 -10mun h contracts 7.8 $1 3,777 $14,954 8.6 $1 1,703 $ 11,074 2.3 5.2 12,261 13,148 7.2 9,674 10,152 6.0

6.8 9,888 10,613 7.4 10,701 10,928 7.1 8.6 8,404 8,950 6.5 8,607 9,113 7.1 6.9 6,909 7,338 6.2 8,394 8,658 3.1 5.8 7,228 8,299 14.8 8,868 9,682 8.1 6.4 9,116 9,692 6.3 8,704 9,138 6.0

II -12-month contracts 5.6 $16,408 $16,812 9.1 $13,148 614,012 6.6

7.1 14,280 14,602 2.2 9,453 10,213 80

6.7 11,436 11,890 4.0 9,961 10,827 8.7 7.0 9,523 9,886 3.8 8,953 9,643 7.7 6.8 7,572 7,734 2.1 8,185 9,284 13.4 6.6 9,623 10,838 12.6 9,451 10,449 10.6

7,4 11,032 11,485 4.1 8,774 9,670 10.2 SOURCE: U.S. Oepartment of Hatt), Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Higher Education Salaries, 196748.

Table 111.-Median salaries of instructional staff in institutions of higher education, by academic rank,

type of institution, and size of enrollment: United States, 1967.88 and 1989-70

Type of institution and

size of enrollment 1967.68 1969-70 All ranks

combined Professors Associate

professors Assistant professors Instructors All ranks

combined Professors Associate

professors Assistant Instructors

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 All 4-yeer collage and

,inivisrsities $10,235 $14,713 $11,393 $9,472 $7,458 $11,745 616,799 $12,985 $10,698 $8,357 Public universities: 10,000 students and over 11,290 15,877 12,202 10.024 7,651 12,740 17,841 13,619 11,230 8,565

5,000 to 9,999 10,049 13,751 11,185 9,487 7,463 11,398 15,643 12,692 10,651 8,345

Under 5,000 9,815 13,501 10,940 9,258 7,633 11,426 15,855 12,560 10,492 8,375 Private universities: 5,000 and over 11,435 16,596 12,126 9,081 7,624 13,044 18,829 13,503 10,979 8,542

Under 5,000 10.246 14,843 11,150 9,301 7,410 11,316 16,288 12,431 10,299 8,334

Public colleges 9,657 13,355 10,964 9,206 7,517 11,231 15,655 12,786 10,492 8,520

Private colleges:

1,000 and over 9,014 12,713 10,296 8,693 7,291 10,191 14,302 11,473 9,699 8,152 500 to 999 8,428 11,393 9,490 8,213 6,962 9,413 12,597 10,610 9,124 7,777 Under 500 7,882 10,b92 8,645 7,686 6,700 8,886 11,773 10,178 8,440 7,282

All 2yeer institutions, 8,922 10,826 - Public institutions 9,165 - - 10,850

2,000 students and over 9,781 11,866 - - - - - - 1,000 to 1,999 8,822 10,231

Under 1,000 8,525 9,164 Private institutions 7,211 8,190

'Since a majority of the reporting 2-year institutions have not established

professorial ranks, oata are not shown by rank tor these institutions.

NOTE: Salaries are for 9 months of lulltime teaching.

7 84

SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, Research Report

1968R7, Salaries in Higher Education, 7967-68; and Research Report 1970-R6,

Salaries in Higher Education, 7969-70. (Copyright 01968 and 1970, respectively,

by the National Education Association. All rights reserved.)
Table 112. - Median minuet salaries of Instructional staff and administretIve officers

In 4yeer colleges and universities: United Stet's, 1957.69 to 1909.70 Position 195758 196980 198142 196364 198688 ---

1907458 190970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Instructional run In 4-ye or collates and uoleecefffec All ranks I 13,015 8 6,711 8 7,488 I 8,163 I 9,061 $10,235 111,745 Professors 8,072 9,107 10,258 11,312 12,953 14,713 16,799

Anacleto professors 13,583 7,332 8,167 8,989 10,068 11,393 12,985

Assistant professors 5,595 6,231 6,900 7,639 8,417 9.472 10.698

Instructors end lecturers 4,582 5,095 5,582 6,114 6,761 7,490 8,418

Administrative off leen: President 12,407 13,827 15,375 17,330 19,638 22,303 25,979

Victpruident 12,013 14,154 18,000 17,130 19,012 21,458 23,250

Dean of the college 8,411 10,723 12,230 13,644 15,703 16,141 19,125 Dean of students 7,810 8,798 9.592 10,894 12,027 14,016 113.059 Dean of men 6,668 7,780 8,202 9,144 9,783 10,983 12.319 Dean of woman 13,008 13,638 7,399 8,218 9,200 10,289 11,408 Dean of admissions 13,738 7,880 8,636 9,572 10,364 11,446 12,983

Registrar 8,032 8,340 7,312 8,142 9,123 10,380 11,743

Business manager 7,618 8,536 9,405 10,512 11,780 14,914 17,615

Chief librarian 8,134 7,078 8,183 8,883 10,225 11,817 13,439

Director of public relations 6,420 7,194 7,859 8,440 96915 10,823 12,764

Director of athletics 7,292 8,104 8,930 9,871 11,125 12,470 14,311 Need football! coach 7,077 7,824 8,654 9,321 10,718 11,488 13.395 Heed beskatball coach 8,382 6,888 7,700 8.542 9,383 10,485 11,779 NOTE.-Sa laries of Instructional stilt are for 9 months of fulltime

teaching; salaries of administrative officers are usually for 11 or 12 months of service. SOURCE: National Education Association, Research Division, ResearchReport 1970R3, Economic Snows of the Teaching Profession, 1969-70.

ICopyright C) 1970 by the National Education Association. All rights

reserved.)

Table 113.-Number of institutions of higher education, by type, control, and size of enrollment: United States, fall 1970

Control of institution and size of enrollment All Institutions Universities in All other

4year Institutions 2.year institutions Number 1 Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment Number Enrollment

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 Public and privets Institutions 2,656 4,- 8,466,117 150 2,9116,506 1,506 3.211.1190 I NI 2,209,921 Under 200 287 29,553 - - - 183 20,117 84 9,436

200 to 499 344 120,179 . 205 70,948 139 49,233

500 to 999 658 405,784 380 280,888 178 125,098

1,000 to 2,499 648 1,017,349 1 3,959 404 633,624 243 381,756

2,500 to 4,89e 293 1,034,753 9 38,189 157 551,373 127 447,211

5,000 to 9,990 737 1,674,698 50 388,388 113 785,801 74 600,507

10,000 to 19,999 142 1,970,136 47 718,048 53 673,179 42 578,910

20,000 to 29,999 37 878,665 25 592,847 9 207 528 3 78.290

30,000 or more 30 1,387,003 27 1,259,097 2 68,434 1 39,472 Public Institutions 1,01111 6,371,006 114 2,294,619 341 1,996,799 654 2,000,723 Under 200 17 1,629 - 4 541 13 1.088 200 to 499 55 21,598 6 1,939 49 i 9,659 500 to 999 155 113,704 26 20,787 t29 92,917

1,000 o 2,499 293 481,309 - - 72 130,077 221 351.232 2,500 to 4,999 201 717,482 78 284,795 123 432,687

5,000 to 9,995 187 1,310,795 19 152,162 95 683,145 73 495,488

10,000 to 19,999 122 1,687,769 31 489,328 49 619,623 42 57,8,910

20,000 to 29,099 31 740,072 19 454,254 9 207,628 3 78,290

30,000 or more 28 1,296,680 25 1,188,774 2 68,4:4 1 39,472 Private Institutions 1,487 2,127,101 26 711,990 1,166 1,294,921 237 120,196 Under 200 250 27,924 - 179 19,578 71 8,348

200 to 499 289 98,581 - - 199 89,007 90 29,574 500 to 999 403 292,080 - 354 259,901 49 32,179

1,000 to 2,499 355 536,040 1 1,959 337 503,547 22 30,534

2,500 to 4,999 92 317,291 9 38,169 79 268,678 4 14,544

5,000 to 9.999 50 383,901 31 236,228 18 122,656 1 5,019

10,000 to 19,999 20 282,378 16 228,720 4 53 31.4 - - 20,000 to 29,999 6 138,593 8 138,593 - 30,000 or more 2 70,323 2 70,323 - - NOTE. -Includes students svhoell Programs of study are creditable toward e bleat

lots or higher degree and also students in I, 2, o 3yeer undergraduate properm which are not creditable toward a bachelor's degree but which are designed

to prepare for immediate employment or to provide general education.

85

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Stealth, Education, and Welfare, Of ice of Education, Advance Report on Opening Fall Enrollment n Higher Education, 1970:

Institutional Data; and unpublished data.
Trend in Higher Education

Is Toward Coeducation

The Education Directory for the acedemic year 1970 71, recently issued by

the National Center for Educational Sta

tistics, lists 2,573 colleges, universities,

and professional schools in the United

States and its outlying areas. Ten years

ago the comparable figure was 2,028.

Thus, in the past decade, 545 schools

have been added to the Office of Education's universe of institutions offering

two or more years of collegelevel work.

One of the most obvious trends In

American higher education in recent

years is the trend toward coeducation.

As the accompanying chart Indicates,

the number of institutions for men de

creased from 236 to 154 in the past

decade, and the number of colleges and

universities for women dropped from

259 to 193. During the same period, the

number of coeducational institutions

rose from 1,533 to 2,226. A number of

leading institutions which previously had

been attended only by men or by women

became coeducational during the 1960's.

Only 16 of the singlesex institutions

(11 for men and five for women) are

publicly controlled. Approximately three

fifths (205) of these institutions are

affiliated with a religious group, and the

Figure 10.-Number of institutions of higher education, I or men, for women, and

coeducational: United States and outlying areas, 1960.61 to 1970 71

Institutions

2,400

7,000 - Coeducational institutions .00

0

100 MIN= elININO

IVO ...Ism =Mow

INIIN I

1,600 -

CROWN

1,200-

800-

400- Institutions for women

1960-61

Institutions for men

_J

1962 63 1964-65

remaining 126 are under private nonsectarian control.

Most of the institutions attended exclusively by men or by women students

are relatively small colleges. More than

fourfifths of them enroll fewer than

1,000 students, and the average enrollment is approximately 700, The 347 in

stitutions combined enroll only about

three percent of all the students on

college campuses today.

1966 67 1968-69 1970 -71 For information on individual institutions, coeducational or otherwise, the

reader may wish to consult the Educe.

tion Directory, Higher Education, 1970

71 (0E-50000-71). The publication may

be purchased at $3.75 a copy from the

Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington,

D.C. 20402.

W. VANCE GRANT

specialist in educational statistics

8G
Table 114.Number of Institutions of Nebo, education, by typo, control, and State: Feb 1910

State Timm institutions univarsities Public 1 Private All other

ilvtar institutions Public

hAll Private

2,year institutions Public Private Public Privet'

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

---- - - ____ United Stern .2,6516 1,069 1,467 54 69 341 IOU 237 Alabama 49 19 20 2 10 15 17 4 Alaska 3 I 2 I I I Anton. 18 14 4 2 1 3 11 1 Arkansas 21 10 11 1 7 8 2 3 California 199 112 87 I 4 21 7B 90 6 Colorado 28 20 $ 2 1 7 7 11 - Connecticut 44 II 78 1 I 4 19 11 5

I:answers 7 3 4 1 I 1 1 3 Oistrict of Columbia 20 3 17 5 2 9 1 3 Florida 63 34 79 3 1 4 22 17 6 Georgia . 62 75 34 1 1 15 23 12 10 Hawaii 7 1 I 1 s 1 Idaho 10 is 4 1 3 2 2 2

Illinois 132 44 68 3 5 is 72 35 11

Indiana 44 6 39 4 2 34 I 3

Iowa 61 15 36 2 I I 30 12 6 Kansas 63 27 28 3 4 22 20 4 Kentucky 35 7 28 2 6 21 . 7 Louisiana 23 12 11 1 2 9 9 2 Mama 16 2 14 1 1 13 1 Maryland 47 23 24 1 1 8 20 14 7 Masuichinotts 118 29 89 I 7 13 66 16 26 Michigan 90 42 48 3 1 10 40 29 7 Minnesota 57 26 32 I 6 28 19 4 Miss lump 42 24 18 2 6 10 16 MI IISOUll 89 22 47 1 2 9 38 12 7 Montana 12 9 3 2 4 3 3 Nebraska 27 II 16 1 1 4 14 6 1 Nevada 4 3 I 1 - 1 1 1 New Hampshire 19 4 15 I 2 13 1 2 New Jersey 58 22 34 1 2 8 23 13 9 New Mexico II 8 3 2 4 3 2 New York 219 74 146 2 12 29 114 43 19 North Carolina 97 62 45 2 2 14 29 36 14 North °skate 12 9 3 2 4 2 3 I Ohio 90 22 68 8 I 5 62 9 6 Oklahoma 38 24 12 2 1 10 7 12 4 Oregon 39 20 19 2 1 6 18 12 2 Pennsylvania 140 29 111 3 4 14 96 12 11 Rhode Island 13 3 10 I 1 10 1 South Carolina 45 21 24 2 7 19 12 6 South Dakota 17 7 10 2 5 8 2 Terminal 56 10 40 1 I 8 32 9 7 TM, 123 71 62 8 4 22 40 43 8 Utah 13 9 4 2 I 2 1 6 2 Vermont 17 6 12 1 3 10 1 2 Virginia 61 28 33 3 9 27 18 6 Washington 39 27 12 2 3 12 22 . West Virginia 22 11 11 1 9 8 1 3 Wisconsin 83 33 30 I I 9 28 23 1 Wyoming 8 9 1 - 7 .. U.S. Service Schools 7 7

..._. Outlyin9 areas 8 4 4 1 1 Canal Zone 1 1 I

- - Guam 1 1 I Puerto Rico 4 1 4 1 3 - 1 Virgin Isioncii I I I SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health. Education, and Wiliam, Office of Education, unpublished data from the survey ofOpening Fall Entollmont in Hither Education, um

87
Table 116. Number of Institutions of higher education, by control of Institution and by Slats: Fall 1970

State Total State

Public

Local State

and

local

Independent of church

Private

Protestant _ _

Nnominational Roman Catholic Ottun'

1 2 3 4 S 7 9

. United States 817 129 862 467 295 30 Alabama 49 S 12 3 Mattis 3 1 2 Arisons 18 3 I0 3 Ark./MIA 21 2 1 10 California 199 22 83 1 49 21 15 2 Colo, ado 78 15 4 3 3 2 Connecticut Cuitswere . 46 IB

7 3

17 1 3 1 I0

.. OrltroCI of Columbia . . 70 3 7 2 to hoticla 63 8 25 16 6 7 Georgia 62 27 1 13 21 Hawaii 7 1 3 1 Idaho 10 4 2 2

Illinois 132 12 21 11 45 28 13 2

Indians ....... . 44 S 10 18 11

I owe 51 4 10 15 10 Kansas 53 17 2 2 17 7 Kentucky 35 7 7 14 7 Louisiana 23 10 1 4 a Maine 16 2 12 , 2 Maryland 47 9 9 5 14 2 7 Massachusetts 118 26 3 67 4 17 Michigan 90 13 26 3 26 11 11 Minnesota 57 25 16 11 Mos ...., 42 13 8 3 13 Missouri 69 B 11 3 18 17 12 Montana ..... . ..... 12 6 3 1 2 Nebraska 27 S 6 7 7 2 Nevada 4 3 New Hampshire 19 4 12 3 New *troy 56 11 6 S 12 6 14 2 New Mexico 11 7 2 New York 219 26 11 37 93 7 33 IS North Carolina 97 34 2 16 6 37 2 North Dakota 12 7 2 1 2 Ohio 90 16 3 3 26 24 16 2 Oklahoma 36 70 3 4 7 1 Oregon 39 9 10 12 6 1 Pennsylvania 140 17 3 56 33 25 Rhode Island 13 3 6 4 South Carolina 45 17 2 2 7 17 South Dakota 17 2 6 2 Tennessee 66 16 13 24 3 Texas 123 32 32 7 9 35 Utah 13 9 1 2 Vermont 17 S 10 2 Virginia 61 28 11 21 1 Washington 39 21 4 2 2 6 4 West Virginia 22 I 6 4 1 *zooms 63 12 14 7 12 S 13 Wyoming 8 S 2 U.S. Service Schools 7 7 Outlying areas 4 2 Canal Zone Guam

Puerto Rico 6 2 2 Virgin Islands

Includes institutions under Federal control Itaven U.S Service Schools and Canal Zone College),

'Includes Jewish, Latter Day Saints, Greek Orthodox, Russian Orthodox. and Unitarian.

88 101

SOURCE. U.S. Department of Haalth. Education, Ind Welfare. Office of Educe.

bon, Advance A 00I1 on Openinv Fall Enroffmeat in Higher Education, 1920:

Institutional Oat., Education Ditactory, 197041. Mira/ Education; and unpub

fished data.
Table 118. -timed degrees confined by institutions of higher education, by level of decree and by :tato: 1989.70 and 197071

Slate

1 United Votes Alabama Alaska A' lion. Ark antes oaidormit Cniniedo Connecticut Cie V, , Glistri, t cif Columbie

i kir 'dap

Gym rip Hawaii Idaho

Illinod

1,0,4,4

Iowa Kontos , . Kentucky Loulliane Mane Maryland . . . Massachusetts . , Michigan Minnelote Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshi,

New Jersey New Mexico . New VOrk North Carolina North Dakota ONO Oklahoma Oregon

Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carulina South Dakota Tenneisee Teer,. Utah Vermont . ......... . . . Washington

Welt Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming U.S. Service Schools Outlying wean Guam

Puerto R,co

Virgin Istanos

Roc holni's degrees

Irequii,ng

4 or 5 years)

1909 70

irst prole/tonal Master's

(fey. ves degrees (ieouifing

et leau 6 Yews)

Doctor's

degrees

I" 0 , d , etc I

1970 71' r irsl Bachelor's professional degrees degrees Irestueing (toque ing 4 or 5 years) at tent 6 y44,11 Master's do rs., Doctor s

, degrees

IPh 0 , Ed D ,

etc.) 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 792,:i IS 34,919 ; 208,291 28,888 1178,000 38,000 221,000 32,100

12,668 413 7,344 221

I 13.500 4:0 2,500 240

315 0 174 1 7 300 0 700 10 7,096 132 2,8 75 363 8,200 140 3,000 410

7,287 191 1,159 124 7,800 700 1,200 130 07,836 3,153 19,467 3,175 70.900 3,250 20,900 3,470

11,973 427 3,330 636 12,500 440 3,600

10,910 440 3.960 511 11,400 4,300 650

1,533 0 364 60 1,600 0 400

5,854 1,453 4,077 498 6,100 1.500 4,400 540

19,773 632 4,327 l 668 70,700 650 4,700 770 13,911 769 3,278 345 14,000 780 3,600 370 2,612 0 1,017 53 2,700 0 1.11,0 so

2,743 26 385 45 2.900 30 400 so

38.44,1 2,254 12,712 3,864 40,200 2,370 13,700 2.070

22.100 906 8.105 1,313 23,200 930 8,700 1,410

14,312 626 2,244 620 15,000 640 2400 EMI 12,161 379 2,883 389 12.700 390 3,100 420

12,018 731 2,560 173 12,600 750 7,800 190 13,617 784 3,086 348 14,200 810 3.300 370

4,110 45 595 24 4,300 50 600 30 12,076 782 3 012 576 12,000 810 3,700 670

29,455 1,045 10,811 1,676 33,800 1,900 11,500 1,800

35,295 1,408 12,043 1,577 37,000 1450 13,000 1,890

18,040 785 2,582 646 18.900 810 2,600 590

8,784 188 1,433 178 9.200 190 1,500 190 18,347 1,391 5,308 630 19,200 1,430 5,700 680

3.746 34 586 63 3.900 40 800 70 9,417 407 1,747 213 cow 420 1,300 230

1,006 0 222 11 1,100 0 700 10 4,180 0 566 49 4,400 0 600 50 18,007 672 5,048 565 18,800 690 5,400 610

4,081 se 1,254 182 4,300 60 1,300 200 67,401 3,517 26,811 3,792 70,600 28,700 3 640

18,587 665 3,216 634 19,400 Ina 3,600 680

3,867 37 703 86 4,000 40 800 90

41,811 1,769 0,761 1,262 43,700 1.820 9,400 1,360 12.012 404 2,892 484 12,600 420 3,100 620

9,923 397 2,932 441 10,400 410 3,200 470 47,315 2,215 11.055 1.492 49,500 2,200 11,900 1,600

4,793 0 1,072 187 5,000 0 1,700 200 7,835 233 769 115 8.700 240 800 120 4,636 48 899 I 63 4,900 50 1,000 70 15,916 814 3,064 452 16,700 840 3,300 490 40,178 2.073 8,489 1,241 42,000 2,140 9,100 1,330

8,837 153 1,827 413 9,200 160 2,000 440

2.885 58 618 33 3,000 60 700 40

13,744 657 2,564 306 14,400 680 2,800 330

14,614 346 7.964 466 16,300 360 3,200 500

7,996 158 1,179 143 0400 160 1,300 150 20,938 522 4,249 934 21,900 640 4,600 1,000

1,357 31 341 67 1,400 30 400 70 2,827 0 893 17 3,000 0 1,000 10 6,754 334 1,01e 6 6,000 340 1,200 tO

79 0 45 0 100 0 100 0 5,646 334 1,051 8 5 900 340 1,100 10 29 0 0 0 1 If) 0 0 0 Estimated SOURCE U S Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educe-

' Less than 50. tool% Earned Degrees Conferred, 1969-70 4,4 Office of Education estimates.

89
Table 117.-Bachelor's, master's and doctor's degrees conferred by institutions of hi/her education, by see of student and by f WOO of lifoOY

United States, 168940

Millar Ned of study

An fields Agriculture , Agriculture, genre' . Agronomy, field coos . Agriculture business . Animal science Dairy science

Fern, management

Fish, game, or wildlife management Food science Horticulture

Ornamental horticulture

Poultry science Soil science .............. . Agriculture, ell other fields Architecture Biological sciences

Premedical, predental, preveterinery

science Biology, general

Botany, general

Zoology, general

Anatomy and histology

Bacteriology, virology, mycology, parasitology,

microbiology

Biochemisiry

Biophysics

Ecology

Entomology Genet iti Molecule/ biology

Nutrition

Optometry (preprofessionel bachelor's degree) . Pathology

Phormacology

Physiology

Plant pathology

Plant physiology

Biological sciences, all other fields Business and commerce Business and commerce, general

Accounting

Finance, banking Hotel Of reetaurent adrtlinittratiOn Marketing

Real estate, insurance Secretarial studies Transportation

Business and commerce, all other fields

City planning

Computer science and systems analysis , . . ..... Ova processing

Computer science

Systems snatch.

Computer science and systems 'naive's, other fields Education Physical education Health education Recreation Education of the mentally retarded Education of the deaf Speech and hewing impaired

Education of the visually handicapped

Education of the emotionally disturbed

Special learning disability

Education of the crippled

Education of the multiply handicapped

Administration of special education

Education of other exceptional children

Agricultural education Art education Business or comnwecial education 0 bunco education, retail selling Horne economics education

Industrial arts education, nonvocationel Music education Trade or industrial education, vocational

SPecialited teaching field*, all other

Bachelor's

rertuiring Total

. 2

owe., 4 or 5 veers Men

3 Women4

&Frond Toter 5level Imatters)

degrees Men6

I Women

7

I D

IPh

I Tone

9

nun I degrees D Id D , Pit Men

9 Women10 192,318 461,081 341,218 208,201 125,824 112,141 29,688 28,890 2,117e 9,144 11.667 477 1.466 1,357 109 726 099 201 1,384 1,339 45 oto 67 2 976 967 9 794 783 11 185 184 1 766 771 17 4 4 2.540 2.320 220 301 717 16 1141 153 6 270 262 8 48 46 3 32 31 1 180 179 1 992 866 26 177 173 4 61 1 322 264 68 153 122 31 99 99 11 400 365 35 146 120 26 69 63 5 260 230 20 16 15 1 5 5 92 92 38 36 20 20

176 167 9 86 84 2 77 75 2 974 845 29 134 121 13 30 29 3,902 3,808 204 658 615 43 11 10 1 37,399 27,004 10.385 5000 3,975 1,823 3.289 2,820 409

2,997 2,741 256

24,371 16,848 7,623 2.578 1,750 828 471 377 94

566 3E1 184 374 264 110 223 196 27 5,543 4,393 1,150 779 497 232 412 370 42

7 7 88 68 31 140 115 26

1,411 741 670 469 273 196 359 282 77 456 332 123 239 167 71 449 382 67

31 17 4 79 23 6 86 77 9 50 34 16 10 6 4 10 10 190 181 9 220 195 25 173 167 6

38 19 19 70 40 30 95 so 15 55 40 15 14 4 10 31 11 9 47 11 36 104 36 68 47 34 13 358 344 14 75 41 34 68

107 87 20 137 117 20

126 97 29 167 122 45 240 218 22 28 28 132 112 20 105 99 6

3 3 21 19 2 40 39 1,113 777 336 363 271 92 213 177 36

105,190 96,008 9,172 21,325 20,576 749 603 593 10 51,644 47,714 3,930 13,762 13,308 454 356 351 5 21,183 19,343 1,840 1,083 1,004 79 56 53 3 5,843 5,677 166 1,499 1,456 43 38 37 526 476 50 24 23 1 15,208 14,089 1,119 1,352 1,314 38 34 34 934 910 24 70 60 8 7 1,428 37 1,391 474 469 5 38 38 2 2 7,940 7,293 647 3,497 3,384 133 109 109 203 190 13 769 645 124 24 23

1,544 1,345 199 1,459 1,324 135 107 105 2 336 305 31 43 42 1 825 701 124 689 595 94 80 78 2 195 183 12 226 225 1 2 2 188 156 3J 601 462 39 25 25

165,453 41,347 124,105 79,349 35,451 43$98 5,894 4,698 1,196

20,853 12,644 8.209 3,777 2,594 1,183 256 181 75 942 410 532 359 169 190 28 20 8 1,416 892 524 282 193 89 12 10 2 2,370 328 2,042 1,256 374 882 23 20 3 241 16 225 217 40 177 2 3,619 424 3,195 1,232 270 962 112 93 19 75 5 70 70 29 41 264 44 220 300 76 224 6 5 102 19 83 234 49 185 106 14 92 181 82 99 . . 48 9 39 48 45

52 9 44 234 70 164 15 13 2 936 137 799 1,835 507 1,328 95 73 22 1,457 1,444 13 474 459 15 49 48

5,474 1 497 3,977 1,046 435 641 40 28 12 8,484 2.255 6,229 1,768 603 1,075 65 44 21 432 333 99 150 107 43 5 5 6,055 3 6,062 712 7 706 15 15 5,369 6,304 55 1,363 1,379 14 38 38 7,336 3,178 4,157 1,006 838 768 90 81 9

1,374 1,328 46 474 427 47 67 62 5 1,360 603 857 3,744 1,027 2,717 190 122 68 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Earned Deans Conferred: 196940

90 1 3

(Continued)
Table 117.-Bacheloes, mister's and doctof's degrees conferred by Institutions of higher education, by Ise of student and by field of study:

United States, 1999.70-Continued

Main, held of study

1 Education -Continued

bachelor's

,ratio,

total 2

degrees

mg 4 nt 5 years Man

3 Women

4

S,eond Total

level unwires)

deg VW

Men 6i Women Doctor's

IPh

total

degrees

0 . Ed 0 . etc Man

9

I Women

10 Nursery or s,rrlergertan oduratio 89? 6 891 20 19 Eeriy shildhoorl education 5,041 65 4,976 629 28 601 13 3 10 Elementary education 84 320 7.689 76,631 15.449 3.102 12,34? 217 130 87 Secondary education . 2,742 1,103 1,640 5,435 2,891 7,444 193 173 20 Combined elementary and recono,ry education . 457 97 360 431 215 216 Adult educebon . .... 5? 38 19 199 126 13 III 96 15 General teaching fields, all other 27 16 11 416 208 j 210 '12 178 34 Education specialist . . 857 628 229 Edutebonal scfmmistration, sutler vision,

finance 10 4 8,590 6.456 2,144 1.014 938 76 Counseling and guidance . . IS 8 7 10,886 5,393 5.473 532 411 121 Rehabilitation counselor training 179 80 99 603 342 261 36 33 3 History, philosophy, or theory of edui

cation, comparative education 128 74 54 311 146 165 100 80 26 Curriculum. instru ',on , . . . 263 15 248 1,878 725 1,163 405 303 102 Education, general 0,622 4,156 5.466 1,358 1,071 287 Educational psychology . , 73 35 38 1,047 426 621 294 209 85 PhYsiCeleduraton, nonteaching 1,438 1,021 417 223 162 61 3 3 Education, al, other fields 1,451 299 1,162 1,403 672 731 789 227 62 Engineering . 44,479 44,149 330 15,593 15,421 172 3.681 3,657 24 Aerospace, aeronautical, altiOnautCal

engulf/Wing . 2,766 4,736 20 749 746 3 211 209 2 Agrocultural anginaiprino 521 518 3 141 141 57 67 Architectural lingineerugi 224 221 3 26 26 Ceramic engineering 201 197 5 31 30 1 24 23 Chemical engineering, petroleum

refining engneepng 3,694 3,841 53 1,045 1,028 17 438 434 4 Civil, constructio transport

engineering 6,410 6.367 43 2,241 2,222 19 411 409 2 Electrical engineering, electronics 12,225 12,157 68 4,138 4,109 29 982 879 3 Engines/ring Sc nolts, engineering mechanics,

engineering ihysics, science engineering 1,124 1.102 22 713 600 23 305 303 2 Environmental health, Sanitary engineering . . 52 49 3 235 224 11 42 41 General engineering 1,821 1,801 20 524 519 6 145 145 Geological, geophysical engineering,

mining geology 153 149 4 20 20 10 10

Industrial and management engineering 3,172 3,151 21 1,763 1,748 17 126 123 3 Mechanical engineering 9,247 1,208 39 2,297 2,285 12 435 435 Metallurgical and materials engineer.

mg, material* science 748 743 370 365 5 224 223 1 Kiang, mineral engineering, mmegl

dressing 170 170 87 86 1 39 37 2 Naval architecture and marine

6111111111011111, 310 310 96 94 2 11 11 Nuclear env mewing 225 221 4 342 338 4 139 138 1 Petroleum engineering 275 275 82 81 1 17 16 1 Engineering, all other fields 1,150 1,133 17 603 671 22 165 164 1 English and literature 56,400 18,644 37,756 8,480 3,309 5,171 1,205 832 373 Fine and IIPPIled its 35,901 15.347 20,554 7,849 4,168 3,691 734 692 142 Art, general 10,572 3,587 6,986 1,623 887 656 18 12 6 Music, saved music 5,431 2,422 3,009 2,130 1,128 1,002 278 237 41 Speech end dramatic arts 10,363 4,604 6,769 2,546 1,194 1,362 301 256 45 Fine and 'oohed arts, all other fields 9,535 4,734 4,801 1,650 969 681 137 87 50 Funclore 10 6 4 37 17 20 0 3 Foreign language, and literature 21,109 5,613 15,496 5,137 1,917 3,220 869 679 290

Linguistics 214 82 132 334 162 172 109 88 23 Latin, armee' Greek 1,0.1 485 619 289 141 148 88 64 24 Modern languages 'more than two) 238 94 142 62 23 39 3 2 French 7,624 1,309 6,316 1,409 373 1,036 181 98 83

Italian 242 87 155 71 31 40 14 11 3 Portuguese 35 21 14 12 6 6 5 Spanish 7,226 1,810 5,416 1,372 531 841 139 86 53 Philology and literature of Romance

languages 85 21 64 157 62 105 50 30 20 German 2,652 970 1,682 669 261 408 118 83 35 Other Germanic languages 77 25 52 41 16 26 2 1 1 Philology and literature (A Germanic

languages 19 13 6 10 5 5 15 10 Chinese 81 40 41 34 17 17 Hebrew 258 148 110 49 42 7 15 15

Japanese 70 20 50 15 8 8 1 1 Russian 768 324 444 172 73 99 24 15 9 Other Slavic languages 84 39 45 80 39 41 23 13 10 Foreign languages and literature, all other fields 434 125 309 360 138 222 82 60 22 Forestry 2,177 2,16C 17 327 316 11 97 97 Geography 3,727 2,934 793 837 524 113 146 140 5

'Continued) SOURCE. U.S. Oepartment of Health, Education, and Wellart, Office of Education, Earned Dorms Conlin/4d 196979

91
Table 111.-8acheloet, mallet and doctor', dellrale conferred by inititutioni of higher education, by see of student and by 11410 of study

United States, 198910-Continued

Mato. twit of Muth

req.r.og

total 2 I

helot's degrees

4 or 5 yams

I Man

3 Women

4

Second kneel Intile'', I

degrees

Tot.' Man Worm.," 6

0, 4 dav PPr (Ph ()Jill/ Pt( 1 OW I Men yy .....Pro 9 9 10 Heft t h profession, 21.574 4,779 16,895 4.408 7 153 2.33', 357 1 799 58 Chiropody or podiatry 40 40 ; Oantal hygiene 403 3 480 le 18 Hospital administration 32 28 8 454 396 58 7 Medics! technology 3,161 396 7,705 24 11 13 Nursing, public health nursing 11,216 156 11,058 1.539 18 1,571 11 I 10 Occupational thoraPy 600 25 575 36 2 34 Pharmacy 4,1502 3,661 821 279 191 38 79 Oil Physical thorOPy, PhYsiothoisPY 1,066 186 900 49 17 32 Public heel h .... 68 28 30 1,701 785 436 90 70 20 Clinical demo! sciences 418 382 38 4 Chives, medical Koonce" ... 109 89 20 35 32 3 Clinical year/nary medical sciences . 88 81 S 59 59 Health pofessions, all other I wide 518 258 260 322 196 126 71 58 13 HOMO economics 10,217 290 9,92/ 1.291 1,222 116 33 83 Horne economics, germ& ....... 5,047 40 5,007 530 11 519 24 24 Child development. family rolatiOnli . . 1,702 43 1,659 210 35 235 3/ 20 11 Clothing and textile" 1.317 5 1.312 138 136 13 2 11 oods and nutrition 871 28 843 210 14 196 30 8 22

Institut on management or adminis. !ration 320 121 199 38 6 32 Horne economics, all other fields . 1011 53 907 Ill 7 104 12 3 9

Journalism 5.959 3,533 2.426 662 561 301 17 17 Law 555 529 76 884 846 38 35 32 3 Library science 1.054 88 4168 0,511 1,104 5,407 40 24 16 Mathematical sciences 27,442 17.177 10,285 5.636 3.966 1.870 1,238 1,140 96 Mathematics 27.135 18,928 10,207 5,145 3.558 1,587 1.052 974 78 Statistics 307 249 58 491 408 83 184 166 18 Military science 1.851 1,851 - Merchant ',wino 233 233 Military, naval, or air force Kielce 1.818 1,618 . . Philosophy 5.698 4,614 1,064 725 805 120 315 44 Philosophy 5.069 3.993 1,076 662 578 114 144 303 41 Scholastic philosophy 829 821 8 33 27 6 15 12 3 Physical sciences 21.439 18,622 2,917 5,935 5.093 842 4.:12 4 777 235 Physical sciences. general 788 652 136 193 139 54 7 7 Astronomy 139 120 19 92 83 9 84 77 7 Chemistry 11,519 9.453 2,066 2,111 1,838 473 2.166 2,000 166 Metallurgy 27 27 28 28 74 24 Meteorology 232 231 1 134 131 3 44 43 1 Pharmaceutical chemistry 77 24 3 41 39 2 P tysics 5.320 4,993 327 2,200 2.043 157 1439 1,402 37

kart h sciences. general 635 481 74 188 150 38 38 36 2 Geology 2.254 2,010 244 567 500 67 249 242 7 Geophysics 31 29 43 43 34 32 2 Oceanography 117 109 8 143 133 10 71 67 4 Earth Kiantel. .11 other holds 181 167 14 49 42 7 34 34 Physical 'clonal, all other fields 296 270 26 160 139 21 81 74 7 Psychology 33.606 19,042 14,564 4,111 2.549 1.562 t,668 1,296 372 General psychology 37.66F 18,463 14,205 2,740 1.802 938 1.238 958 280 Clinical psychology 10 11 2 145 95 50 138 108 30 Coon's/long and guidance 402 247 155 15 13 2 Social psychology b0 27 23 28 16 12 33 24 9 Rehabilitation counselor training 4 2 2 96 67 29 7 6 1 Educational psychology 70 48 24 158 70 88 48 33 15 Psychology, all other fields 801 93 308 542 252 290 189 154 35 Records management 149 4 145 . . Religion 6,659 3,927 1,732 3,184 2.403 781 405 391 14 Religious education, Bible 2.914 2,029 885 1.164. 721 434 43 41 2 Theology 719 577 142 1,460 1,264 196 200 197 3 Religion, liberal arts Curriculum 1,832 1,195 637 330 234 96 124 117 7 Religion, all other fields 194 1213 68 239 184 55 38 36 2 Social toonon 154.013 96.866 57,147 23.455 15,164 8,291 3.778 3,268 490 Social "cancer, general 20,715 11.249 9.466 2,092 1.359 733 48 41 7 American studies, Cmlization, culture 1,195 496 699 231 124 107 49 41 8 Anthropology 3,711 1,661 2,050 664 369 295 215 157 58 Ara or regional siuchos 926 497 429 551 350 201 80 77 9 Economic 12,19) 15.342 1,855 1,988 1,742 246 794 742 52 History 43,386 28,418 14,968 5.049 3.397 1,652 1,038 901 137

International relations 1,092 770 322 848 701 145 83 77 6 Political science or government 25.713 20,587 6,126 1,105 1.663 442 525 469 66 Sociology 30.436 12.362 18,074 1,813 1,138 675 534 430 104 Basic tocial sciences, all other fields 981 544 437 192 127 65 17 11 6 Agricultural economics 1,001 1,049 12 404 386 18 181 181 Foreign anoint programs 243 194 49 25 20 2 2

Industrial rotations 874 807 67 274 254 20 19 19 Public administration 362 340 22 1,115 1,006 109 42 40 2 Social work, social administration 4.052 907 3,145 6,640 2,177 3,463 89 57 32 Applied "octal sciences, all other fields 2.069 1,643 426 466 351 115 56 43 13 Trod* ur industrial training 5,199 5,147 52 130 126 4 10 10 Broad general curriculums and miscellaneous

fields 11,183 7.618 3,565 2,187 1,374 813 140 119 21 SOURCE' U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. Office of Education, Earned &imam Confernd: 15169.70

92

I'5
Table 1111.Earned degrees conferred by

Institutions of higher education:

United States, 19G910 to 1970-11

Vest

1869 70 187980

1889 90

1999 1900

1909 10

1919 20

1929 30 193940 . 194142 . 194344

1945.49 . 194748 . 1949 60 . 1951.62 . 195354. . 1955 58 . 1967,68 . 196960

1961-62 . 196164

1965416 196768

1969.70 . . 197071' .

All dep.. 29.372

13,879

16,703

79,175 39.755

53,516

139,752

716,571

213,491

141,582

167,349

317,007

496,661

401,703

356,1108 376,973

436,979

476,704

514.373

614,194

709,932 866.648

1,065.391

1,171,100

E et nod &woes con /erred

elochelor's end first wit.monit

9,371

12,996

15,639

27,410

37,199

48,622

122,484

186,600

185,346

175,863

136,174 771.019 437.068

329,986

790.875 309.812

362,564

392,440

417.846

498.654

651,040

666.719

977.234 865,000

Miele 's

Incept lint

professional 4 0 879

1,015

1,583

7,113

4,779

14.969

26,731 74.648

13,414

19,799

42,400

58,183

63,534

56,788

acne

65.487

74,435

64,666

101,050

140.566 1 '6,749

208.291 274.000

Doctor's

1 54 149 382

443

515

2,799

3.790

3,497 2.345

1.966 4,188 6.420

7,683

8,99E

8.903 8,938

9.879

11,622

14,490

18,237 23.089

29,866 32.100

1E 11611111K1 by the Office of Education NOTE 13egnning In 195960. includes Amok. and FlOVIMO

SOURCE U.S. Deportment of Resift. Education, and Wellett, Office of Etiolation. Rommel Survey of Education or the Undid Stens' and circu ars on

I armed Deems Conferred

Table 119. - Engineering degrees conferred by

institutions of higher education, by

level of degree. United States end

outlying aaaaa , 1941149 to 1969-10

Vey _ -.-

-- 194849

1949 50 195051

1951.52 . 1952 63 . 1953 54 1954 55 195166

1956-57 1967 58

1959 59 195940

196061 196162

196263

196164 196465

196566

196647

1967.68

All 8111.1offor's enginmring and lust &WPM ...veneering

Melte, ' Doctor I detpoot 1

(00.1, OM 4 4 4- 2 3 4 5

.... . _. . 60.415 68.130

47,635

39,013 28.499

27,003

27 ,677 31,640

37.039 41,787

45.001

45.75.7 44.980

44,851

44,4 71 4 7,748

60,871

51,796

57,687

55,734 196869 60,173

1969 70 64,050

45,200 4.799 417

67,732 4,904 494 41,893 5.156 586 30.786 4,141 586

74,104 3.743 591 77,236

22.589

26,306

31.711 35.332

4,134

37,9011 35,800 34.735

33.458

35.270

36.691 35.415

36.188

37,614

4,177 590

4,484 599 4,775 910

5.232 696 5.788 287 6.753

7.159 8.177

8.909

9,635

10.827 17,066

13.877 13.885

15,188

41,553 15,243

44,777 15,597

714

799 943

1,707

1,378

1.893

2.124

2,303

2.814 2,932

3,377

3.681

'Also oucludel othe postgraduate uradixtural degrees SOURCE US "yell/, 'mint of Newt', Education, end Welfare, Office of

Education, Fnpnve,,ng Dorm. 196366, end circulars on Fanned Off/.01 Conferred

Table 120.Number of firstprofessional degrees confined in dentist')

medicine, and law, by sox: United States, 194950 to 1969.70

Veer Dentistry 1D.DS or D.M.D.1

cont.. ed Medcine 164.0.1 Law Number of

tnstdot.ons confotong

dogmas

Ill 6

T Dowel,' .-.-Tout

or J13_1'

con fro.d Mon Number of tnstitutions

conferring

do, ins

Degrees Number of onstttutions

confer, one

degrees

04191111 contorted Total Men Women Total Mon Women Women

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 17 i 13 194960. 40 2,579 7.561 18 72 6.612 5,029 684 195051 . 40 2,803 2.768 35 72 6,014 6,663 451 .. 1951.52 41 2,918 2696 23 72 6.701 5,871 330

1952.53 41 7,935 2.970 16 72 6,686 6,376 360 195344 42 3,102 3.063 39 73 6,712 6.377 335

1964.55 42 3.099 3,071 28 72 7,014 6,683 331 178 8.209 7,921 786 1956-56 42 3.009 2,976 34 73 6.810 6,464 346 131 8,762 7,974 289

1956-57 43 3,038 3.011 77 76 6,744 6,397 347 127 8.284 8.525 769

1957.68 43 3,065 3.031 34 76 6,816 6 469 347 131 9.394 9.122 272 195859 43 3,160 3,136 14 7F 6,825 6,457 368 132 9.866 9.599 257 195960 45 3.747 3,221 26 79 7.032 6,645 3117 134 9.240 9,010 230 196041 46 3,265 3,747 18 79 6,840 6410 330 134 9.429 9.187 747 196162 46 3,183 3,166 17 81 7,138 6,749 389 134 9,364 9.001 273

1962-63 46 3.169 3.145 74 81 7,131 6.831 400 134 9,884 9,682 302 196364 46 3,180 3.168 12 82 7,303 6.878 426 133 10,679 10.372 307 196465 45 3.107 3.085 72 81 7,304 6.837 472 134 11,683 11,216 367 196566 47 3,178 3.146 32 84 7,673 7,170 503 136 13,246 12.776 470

1964667 47 3,341 3,312 29 83 7,723 7,159 664 134 14,663 14.112 561 196748 48 3.422 3,375 47 85 7,944 7,318 676 136 16,454 15405 649 196869 48 3.408 3.376 32 64 8,025 7,415 610 140 17,053 16,373 680

1969.70 48 3,718 3,684 34 ea 8,314 7,615 699 146 14,916 14,115 801

1 I Data WON to 195455 ere not shown because May lack comparability stotti the

figures for subsequent years

NDTE Mtn aro for 50 States end the DOIOCI of COIUMNO.

93

SOURCE U.S Department cal Nweth. Education. and Welfare, Office of Education, circulars on Earned Derr*. Conlefeed
Table 121 -First professional dowses conferred by institutions of higher education, by sea of student, control of institution, and field of study;

United States, 1969.70

Comm, of mtt,l,ttmn

and land art 11.14Y

Teta. all institutions . Chiropody oi porlistiy ID S C.

Dentistiy ID 0 oi M I Medicine IMD I

Optometty ID D I

Otter,pathy ID ci3O I

or Pod D

Vet,,nry merta me 10 V M

Low ILL 8. to 101

Theology 19 0 . Rafibt, nr othw firit.orotowonal I Othor

ott tnntritnynal degree,. Trost I Mon I Yeomen

7 3 34118 33,077

750 748 3.718

8,314 445

431 1,706

14,916

5.2911

I 340

3.6IM

7,615 477 419

41,e41. 7 34 699

73

17 1,116 00

14.115 801 6,176 173 283 57

Ihrhhcle controlled InetetatiOn1 14,542 13,765 787 Chimpode re Podiatry ID S C of Pod D

Dentist. k ID D 5 of 0 M 0 I

MeMcin IMO I

°woolens, 10 0 I

Osteopathy to 0 I

1,997 1,969

4,735 4,401

174 I 161

73 334

13

Control of onIlitutron

and tteld nI study

1 Veterinary omert,cme IDVMI

Law ILL P or JD I

Thology 18 D Robb, or othor lost

prof I Othor pr1v4tely controlled Inititutions

Ch" '''' rn Podtatist ID C or POd.0

Dentistry '''''''' otDMOI. . Medicine IM 0.1 Optometry 10 0 I . Osteopathy 10 0 I

Veterinary madicone ID V M

Law ILL 8 or JOI .

Theology 18 D Robb, or other lost

prolesstonat I

OM*, ,,,,,, ,,,,,

goolosionnal degrees ' Total Men 1 Women

7 3 4 1,057 986 71 6,501 6,179 377

113 59 74 20,379 19,322 1,064 250

1,726

3,579

211 431

149 8,415

5,798

257

748 1,716

3,714

261 419

7

11 365

10

17 130 7.936 479

6,176

274

17333

Inchottn llovroos which rerpor it best 6 yews of college work Ind coospietton

linciuning at least 7 Mot of oroprolwnnal Mooning)

SOURCE US Department of Health, Educatton, and Willem Of loco of

t duration, ferried Dogrow Conferred, 196970

Table 122.-Male college graduates In the population, by field of highest degree:

United States, March 1967

I ono of highest dorm

Number len

thousands, 7 Percent 3 Ford of highest dprn

-

1 Number lin

thousands) 7 Percent 3 Total 11,352 1000_4 Humenoties English end journal ism

380

174 607.7 Bo:novel sinw's 785 45 Speech end drama 31 0.5 Agriculture 136 71 Porargn languages and ilteretufirs 63 013 Zoology 16 0.7 Philosophy 47 0.7 west. y 16 03 All other fine and applied rut 74 1.2 All colon biologn el at..encell 117 18 low 406 6.4 Business and LOnnntorCo 1,171 18 4 Phystcal iciencas 533 8.4 Accounting 736 3 7 Mathematical sublects 174 20 All other busmen and commerce' 916 14 7 Chemistry . 223 3.5 Physics . 93 1.5

f ducation . 976 154 Geology . 38 06

Elementary education 74 04 All Other phytoCal 65 0.9 Educalmnal admontItetion 76 17

induttr MI ern loch041.0net) 37 06 Religion 142 2.2 Phyllaral educetiun 68 09 Theology 110 1.7 An other education' 781 173 All other relive tl 37 0.5

nolneattng 1,000 15 7 Social sciences 679 10.7 C.rol ONlinorong 1 1 1 1.7 Psychology 95 1.5 E lectricel engineering 173 7.7 Economics 174 7.7 Mechanical engineering 1118 30 afialOrY 158 2.5 All other engineengl 678 83 PoldoCal aton. 61 1.0 Soamlogy 55 0.9 Health protemons 477 75 All Other sooal Kumasi' 135 2.1 Dentistry 1O DS and DM D1 93 15

Medictnt IM 01 735 37 Other belch 178 2.8 Pharmer 80 13 Archaectur 54 0.8 All other health twoloSSIonl, 69 1.1 ....... "

All other ......... 174 20

Not mooned 126 2.0

Includes not specified SOURCE US Department of Commerce, Bureau of this Census, Current

94

1

Popula fien Reports, Swots P-70, No. 701.
Table 123.-Doctor's degrees conferred by 60 large institutions of higher education: 1960.61 to 1969.70

Institution Flank order'

Total,

1960,61

to 1969.70

196061 196162 196283 1963.64 190465 1965.66

.. 1966.67

.._. . 196768 196869 196970-

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

1 6,682 583 649 517 602 61C 631 750 796 823

_... Columbia University (N.Y.) 815 University of California et Berkeley 2 5,960 367 430 418 492 585 645 722 675 803 823

'.'niversity of Wisconsin 3 5,790 397 435 428 458 531 645 627 720 749 900

-liversity of Illinois 4 5,629 423 444 450 495 493 645 589 660 721 809

iorvard University (Mass.)' 5 4,873 378 378 448 483 471 491 516 568 554 588 University of Michigan 6 4,642 -157 364 379 403 364 439 475 54P 627 686 Ohio State University 7 3,997 260 262 329 341 397 362 425 457 542 622 Now York University 8 3,956 313 299 349 362 345 385 438 439 507 519 Stanford University (Calif.) 9 3,860 216 261 276 301 382 403 408 491 527 505 University of Minnesota 10 3,815 220 270 314 316 366 396 408 489 484 546 Michigan State University 11 3,739 191 210 223 303 368 355 423 461 530 675

Indiana University 12 3,729 242 234 266 322 342 383 384 448 547 561 Purdue University (Ind.) 13 3,571 230 258 290 302 322 345 361 403 484 576 University of California at Los Angeles 14 3,409 163 202 224 269 306 311 396 442 481 615 Massachusetts Institute of Technology 15 3,302 213 224 274 306 335 360 386 351 414 439 Cornell University (N.Y.) 16 3,292 241 261 212 259 312 319 358 405 431 494 University of Texas 17 3,006 155 198 219 243 249 336 359 381 448 418 University of Chicago 1111.1 18 2,953 210 228 280 273 290 306 293 328 384 361 Yale University (Conn.) 19 2,771 256 224 231 253 295 '285 '285 278 316 348 University of Pennsylvania 20 2,487 172 154 164 212 246 251 262 285 368 373 Pennsylvania State University 21 2,481 174 157 202 201 232 258 258 276 344 379 Northwestern University NIA 22 2,432 138 166 196 198 236 241 279 298 320 360 University of Southern California 23 2,395 146 142 169 175 205 241 261 341 322 393 University of Iowa 24 2,368 147 173 205 223 224 225 282 278 292 319 University of Washington 25 2,307 114 142 161 182 226 252 266 290 332 342

Iowa State University of Science and Technology 26 2,179 14- 165 174 201 216 208 248 253 271 296 Princeton University IN.J.) 27 1,955 141 167 172 192 171 222 215 229 212 238 University of Maryland 28 1,860 91 '09 110 116 177 166 205 241 295 350 University of Missouri' 29 1,844 90 93 100 122 184 190 219 217 267 362 University of Florida 30 1,815 102 121 99 129 159 185 215 244 265 296 Case Western Reserve University 10hiol 31 1,787 88 102 146 148 180 145 177 235 271 295 University of Pittsburgh Ilaa.) 32 1.691 113 139 137 135 1511 169 161 185 181 315 University of North Carolina at Chapel Hili .. 33 1,636 94 114 117 138 162 164 155 213 238 241 Rutgers, The State University INA.) 34 1,627 83 91 111 147 172 160 191 198 229 245 University nf Colorado 35 1,527 78 91 108 123 148 189 153 193 193 251

Johns Hopkins University (Md.) 36 1,488 85 113 103 119 136 141 148 219 201 223 Florida State University 37 1,485 65 90 84 81 126 131 182 207 233 286 University of Kansas 38 1,470 79 78 92 107 128 139 160 186 233 268 Syracuse Li,ivers;./ N.Y I 39 1,446 82 80 90 102 132 131 152 193 194 290 University of Oregon 39 1,446 47 66 70 93 124 152 172 203 246 273 Duee University INC.) . 41 1,420 81 92 106 115 141 159 158 181 164 223 University of Oklahoma .12 1,413 52 68 91 107 122 155 176 172 225 245 Boston University (Mass.) 43 1,405 124 125 116 106 118 111 123 158 208 216 Catholic University of America (D.C.) ,4 1,326 83 110 118 107 129 130 133 143 182 191 University of Nebraska 45 1.271 77 69 91 101 99 135 171 160 155 213 Oklahoma State University 46 1,268 53 56 63 94 120 144 182 168 170 218 Louisiana State University 47 1,256 81 75 104 99 95 117 148 161 170 198 University of Rochester (N.Y 48 1,241 60 82 93 86 104 119 144 154 184 215 University of Utah 49 1,224 55 67 81 81 92 114 151 142 193 248 Wayne State University (Mich.) 50 1,204 52 69 89 90 111 124 143 148 188 190 University of Tennassee 51 1,155 41 60 77 77 91 98 103 175 197 236 Texas A.&M. University 52 1,111 33 59 ,a5 73 86 130 136 156 177 216 State University of New York at Buffalo 53 1,056 49 33 37 51 72 100 114 134 218 248 Oregon State University 54 1,037 52 66 66 82 99 119 93 145 159 156 Colorado State College 55 1,033 4P 78 71 81 78 101 100 191 137 147 University of Arizona 56 1,032 28 40 44 63 99 115 154 138 137 214 California Institute of Technology 57 1,015 73 84 90 101 98 104 110 110 125 120 University of Virginia 58 975 49 62 58 73 64 90 119 129 155 176 Brown University 01.11 59 928 51 67 64 82 77 96 91 109 140 151 University of Connecticut 60 926 34 47 63 62 85 105 119 111 151 149

Includes Ph.D., Ed.D., and comparable degrees at the doctoral level. Exclude

firstprofessional degrees, such as M.D., D.D.S., and D.V.M.

'Institutions ranked by total number of doctor's degrees conferred during the

10-year period 1960-61 to 1969-70.

'Includes degrees conferred by Radcliffe College.

'Estimated by Office of Education.

95

'Includes degrees conferred by the University of Kansas City, which became a

branch of the University of Missouri in 196364.

Includes degrees conferred by Case Institute of Technology an West University prior to their merger in 1966-67. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, circulars on Earned Degrees Conferred.
Table 124.-Formal awards based on organized occupational curriculums at the technical or semiprofessional level in institutions of higher

education, by length and ype of curriculum and by sex of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1969.70

Curriculum

1

_

Total 2

All awards -._

Awords hosed on organized

curriculums occupationalof-.

..._.._ . _____________

At least 1 year

but less than 2 years

At least 2 years

but less than 4 years Men

3 Women4 Total 5 Men6 Women7 -..

Total 8 Man9-

Women

10-

All curriculums 124,327 65,788 68,581 102,119 68,426 43,894 22,208 7,341 14,887

science. and engineeringrelotad curriculums 61,271 34,994 26,277 47,531 29,963 17,568 13,740 5,031 8,709

Engineering-related cu rriculums 28,959 28,648 311 24,413 24,126 287 4,546 4,522 24 Aeronautical technology 1,672 1,652 20 1,137 1,117 20 535 535 - Architectural or building technology 2,656 2,603 53 2,446 2,399 47 210 204 6 Chemical technology 556 484 72 553 481 72 3 3 Civil technology 1,537 1,530 7 1,514 1,507 7 23 23 - Electrical or electronics technology 8,784 8,756 28 7,886 7,858 28 898 898 - - Industrial technology 1,755 1,733 22 1,386 1,385 21 369 388 1

Instrumentation technology 227 226 1 179 178 1 48 48 - Mechanical technology 9,391 9,322 69 7,377 7,321 56 2,014 2,001 13 Metallurgical technology 316 314 2 293 291 2 23 23 - Nuclear technology 38 35 3 38 35 3 - All other engineeringrelated curriculums 2,027 1,993 34 1,604 1,574 30 423 419 4 Science.related curriculums 3,907 3,622 285 3,683 3,414 269 224 208 16 Agriculture 2,596 2,359 237 2,497 2,276 221 99 83 16 Forestry 727 726 1 642 641 1 85 85 - All other science-related curriculums 584 537 47 544 497 47 40 40 - Health service curriculums 26,778 1,622 25,156 17,922 1,413 16,509 8,856 209 8,647 Dental assistant 1,663 4 1,659 508 2 506 1,155 2 1,153

Dental hygiene 2,229 12 2,217 2,211 12 2,199 18 18 Dental laboratory assistant 362 127 235 220 126 94 142 1 141 Medical or biological laboratory

technician 970 160 810 750 152 598 220 8 212 Medical x-ray technician 647 155 492 599 144 455 48 11 37 Nursing, practical 6,102 90 6,012 126 2 124 5,976 88 5,888

Nursing, associate degree or diploma

program 11,730 462 11,268 11,605 459 11,146 125 3 122 Occupational therapy assistant 166 22 144 136 21 115 30 1 29 Surgical technician 133 21 112 37 16 21 96 5 91 All other health service curriculums 2,776 569 2,207 1,730 479 1,251 1,046 90 956 Scientific data processing curriculums 1,627 1,102 525 1,513 1,010 503 114 92 22

Jon-science- and non-engineeringrelated

curriculums 63,056 30,772 32,284 54,588 28,462 26,126 8,468 2,310 6,158 Business- and commerce-related curriculums 46,431 22,045 24,386 40,028 20,773 19,255 6,403 1,272 5,131

General business, business administration 14,666 11,194 3,472 12,240 10,949 3,291 426 245 181 Accounting 4,824 3,436 1,388 4,290 3,155 1,135 534 281 253 Business d its processing 4,860 3,227 1,633 4,199 2,894 1,305 661 333 328 Marketing, distributive education 4,048 2,560 1,488 3,765 2,406 1,359 283 154 129 Secretarial studies 15,388 131 15,257 11,510 93 11,417 3,878 38 3,840 All other business- and commercerelated

curriculums 2,645 1,497 1,148 2,024 1,276

, 748 621 221 400 All other non-science- and non-engineering. related curriculums 16,625 8,727 7,898 14,560 7,689 6,871 2,065 1,038 1,027

Bible study, religious work 642 375 267 618 360 258 24 15 9 Education 3,21B 602 2,616 2,916 583 2,333 302 19 283 Fine, applied, or graphic arts 4,241 2,121 2,128 4,067 1,974 2,093 182 147 35 Home economics 841 95 74 783 89 694 58 6 52 Library assistant or technical aide 313 15 298 224 14 210 89 1 88 Police technology, law enforcement 4,084 3,844 240 3,551 3,331 220 533 '513 20 Other 3,278 1,675 1,603 2,401 1,338 1,063 877 337 540 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Associate Degrees and Other Formal Awards Below the Baccalaureate 1969-70.

1 0 96
Table 125.-Associate degrees conferred by institutioi.s of higher education, by sex of student and by typo of degree:

United States, 1985.66 to 1969.70 Sex of student and - type of degree

All associate degrees Men Women Associate in arts Men Women Associate in science Men Women All other associate degrees Men Women

1966 -66

111,607 -63,779--

47 828

72,034

196667 - -

139 183 ---38:366----96.31-7----1OS-,G6T--117,413

60 827

__ _

-88,785 4784

40,801

196768 - -- - - 159,441 69 124 _ ._ ________, 101,269 547472 46 7 7

1968-69---

183,279

77 618

1969.70 208,023

88 591 =r--____ ___ ----' --m

113,709

62,452

51 267

e---. 127,903

70,113 57 790

39,132

32,902

18,928 25,801 31 146

173',363 11 894 38 45423:922

13 532 4%743 24,749

16 995

11,472 7 456

15,434

10 367 20,645 -

24 697

14,938

9,659

27,026

16,593

10,433

33,116 37, 77

13,176

7,470

20,287

12,829

22,571

14,806

NOTE.-Associate degrees ara based on et least 2 but la s than 4

years of work beyond high school. Since 1965-66, respondents have

been asked to report only degrees which are based on at least 2

years of work that is wholly or chiefly creditable toward a

bachelor's degree.

SOURCE U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welle,e,

Office of Education, circulars on Associate Degrees and Other Formal Awards Below the Baccalaureate.

Table 126.-Current-fund revenue of institutions of higher education, by control and by source: United States and outlying areas, 1968.69

(Amounts in thousands of dot larsi Source Current-fund revenue, by control of institution

Public end private Public Private Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 Total currentfund revenue $18,974,320 100.0 $11,851,538 100.0 17,122,782 100.0 Educational and general revenue 14,417,303 76.0 9,318,635 78.6 5,098,667 71.6 Student tuition and fees 3,829,824 20.2 1,399,013 11.8 2,430,811 34.1 Federal Government 2,519,860 13.3 1,566,037 13.3 953,823 13.4 Sponsored research 1,449,555 7.6 753,812 6.4 695,743 9.8 Sponsored activities other

than research 616,881 3.3 436,197 3.7 180,684 2.5 Other revenue from Federal Government 453,424 2.4 376,028 3.2 77,396 1.1 S:ate government; 4,861,383 25.6 4,782,513 40.3 78,872 1.1 Sponsored research 83,097 .4 73,864 .6 9,234 .1 Sponsored activities other

than research 61,458 .3 57,127 .5 4,331 .1 Other revenue from State

governments 4,716,828 24.9 4,651,522 39.2 65,307 .9 Local governments 614,462 3.2 580,297 4.9 34,164 .5 Sponsored research 22,734 .1 4,513 - -- 18,220 .3 Sponsored activities other

than research 20,684 .1 7,254 .1 13,430 .2 Other revenue from local governments 571,044 3.0 568,530 4.8 2,514

Endowment earnings 413,334 2.2 48,513 .4 364,822 5.1 Private gifts 606,210 3.2 54,110 .4 552,100 7.8 Other educational and general revenue 1,572,229 8.3 888,152 7.5 684,077 9.6 Asixiliary enterprise revenue 2,695,801 14.2 1,561,039 13.2 1,134,762 15.9 Student-aid grants 578,779 3.0 299,402 2.5 279,377 3.9 Federal 303,354 1.6 176,222 1.5 127,132 1.8 State 75,316 .4 57,843 .5 17,472 .2 Local 2,068 - 1.637 - -- 432 - Gifts and grants 114,079 .6 45,528 .4 68,551 1.0 Endowment' 60,850 .3 11,283 .1 49.567 .7 Other 23,112 .1 6,889 16,223 .2 Major public service programs 1,282,438 6,8 672,461 5.7 609,976 8.6 Federally funded R&D centers' 708,542 3.8 290,232 2.4 418,310 5.9 Hospitals' 497.280 2,6 315,363 2.7 181,917 2.6 Other major public service programs' 76,616 .4 66,887 .6 9,749 .1 Data were previously Included with sponsored research under educational and

general revenues.

Data were previously included with educational and general items.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

97

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Ed ration, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Financial Statistics of Higher Education, Current Funds Revenues and

Expenditures, 1968-69.

11 0
Table 127.-Currentfund revenue of institutions of higher education from State and local governments related to

total currentfund revenue, by control of institution and by State: 196849

State

Publicly controlled

institutions'

Privately controlled

institutions Amount (in

thousands of dollars) Percent of total currentfund

revenue Amount lin

thousands of dollars( Percent of total currentfund

revenue

1 2 3 4 5 United States 't6,369,033 46.2 $129,856 1.8 Alabama 60,121 32.9 617 1.4 Alaska 12,056 43.8 64 2.5 Arizona 6E.995 45.8 Arkansas 39,376 42.4 30 .1 California 902,342 52.6 1,734 .3 Colorado 73,226 33.4 255 .6 Connecticut 81,030 60.3 1,675 .9 Delaware 14,690 37.3 District of Columbia 3,817 51.5 231 .1 Florida 183,725 56.0 2,647 2.2 Georgia 99,977 48.1 501 .5 Hawaii 30,235 40.6 11 .2

Idaho 19,702 45.8 - Illinois 330,121 58.2 6,799 1.3

Indiana 147,047 40.3 750 .6

Iowa 93,102 41.9 50 .1 Kansas 72,246 40.7 15 ('1

Kentucky 89,743 47.2 396 .8 Louisiana 101,648 55.0 231 .3 Maine 17,832 43.0 27 .1 Maryland 86,025 45.3 1,599 1.0 Massachusetts 80,141 60.2 1,741 .2 Michigan 271,102 37.7 12 121 Minnesota 99,374 3e.2 159 .2 Mississippi 50,661 37.1 - -- - - - Miuouri 120,457 51.6 508 .3 Montana 23,732 45.2 - - Nebraska 32,025 31.2 15 (21 Nevada 12,686 45.0 - -- - - New Hampshire 12,085 32.4 - - - - New Jersey 106,574 51.0 547 .3 New Mexico 31,946 34.5 3 (Si New York 496,065 72.7 76,010 5.8 North Carolina 99,257 36.5 207 .1 North Dakota 19,193 33.4 1 12/ Ohio 173,528 32.7 253 .1 Oklahoma 48,509 27.5 19 .1 Oregon 65,959 35.8 77 .2 Pennsylvania 202,590 43.9 30,944 5.4 Rhode Island 23,168 53.9 200 .4 South Carolina 47,936 42.3 109 .3 South Dakota 16.330 31.7 - Tennessee 74,210 44.9 264 .2 Texas 253,338 47.8 693 .4 Utah 37,650 33.0 138 .2 Vermont 10,467 31.1 50 .2 Virginia 89,861 37.0 - - - - Washington 135,898 48.8 31 .1 West Virginia 51,456 51.2 5 I2 1 Wisconsin 163,221 42.4 233 .3 Wyoming 15,559 41.4 - - - - --

'Excludes U.S. Service Schools. 2 Ler than 0.05 percent.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

98

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

Welfare, Office of Education, FInencial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, Current Funds Revenues and

Expenditures, 1968-69
Table 128.-Currantfund menus of institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1967.88 and 19681!9

(Amounts In thouunch of dollars!

196748 196849 Percents'', Charge,

196748 to 1968.69 State Total Public Privet. Total Public Priv. ta Total Public Private

1 2 3 4 5 a 7 8 9 10 United States $111,825,199 10,342,069 94,493,129 918,117401 911,769,366 97,106,237 12 14 10 Alabama 205,385 166,168 39,217 225,718 182,720 42,997 10 10 10 Alaska 24,829 22,621 2,206 30,109 27,500 2,608 21 22 18 Arizona 134,992 131,153 3,839 148,214 144,174 4,041 10 10 5 Arkansas 99,222 80,795 18,427 113,811 92,785 21,026 15 15 14 California 2,146,880 1,504,589 842,311 2,354,770 1,714,959 639,811 10 14 1'1 Colorado 232,581 190,976 41,585 264,514 219,180 45,335 14 16 9 Connecticut 258,790 87,678 171,214 288,674 101,216 597,459 12 16 9 Delayer. 33,677 29,037 4,640 44,605 39,427 5,178 32 36 12 District of Columbia 187,243 1,888 185,358 210,567 7,409 203,150 12 293 10 Florida 365,766 259,193 106,574 450,350 328,281 122,069 23 27 15 Georgia

. 273,960 181,143 92,816 317,221 207,988 109,231 16 15 18 Hawaii 71,214 66,800 4,414 80,078 74,526 5,553 12 12 28

Idaho 48,962 40,695 8,267 51,882 43,068 8,804 6 6 6

Illinois 990,939 503,635 487,303 1,097,498 587,309 530,185 11 13 9

Indiana 459,381 334,063 125,327 501,561 365,226 136,338 9 9 9

Iowa 288,094 203,323 84,771 313,908 222,192 91,716 9 9 6 Kansas 191,095 162,512 28,682 206,660 177,385 31,276 9 9 9 Kentucky 205,464 160,349 45,114 239,898 190,036 49,862 17 19 11 Louisiana 232,325 173,855 58,470 250,992 184,826 66,166 8 6 13 Maine 61,201 36,647 24,655 69,879 41,464 28,415 14 13 15 Maryland 326,032 170,038 155,994 354,468 189,949 164,509 9 12 6 11auschusetts 861,045 121,557 739,488 930,091 133,034 797,057 8 9 8 Michigan 751,505 651,635 99,870 827,201 718,795 106,406 10 10 9

SAInnesote 324,925 252,330 72,596 356,625 274,373 81,252 9 9 12 Stuissippi 132,740 117,320 15,420 164,098 136,467 17,631 16 16 14 Missouri 362,611 199,464 163,158 411,509 233,312 178,198 13 17 9 Montane 50,825 46,244 4,581 57,418 52,455 4,962 13 13 8 Yebraske 123,183 88,479 34,706 143,992 102,878 41,314 17 16 19 Veva& 25,070 25,070 28,177 28,177 12 12 Sew Hampshire 81,756 35,220 48,537 89,857 37,353 52,504 10 6 13 Sew Jersey 320,169 159,690 160,479 381,568 208,814 172,742 19 31 8 Sew Mexico 89,253 84,938 4,315 98,804 92,666 6,138 11 9 42 Yew York 1,730,272 582,744 1,147,528 1,999,349 882,573 1,316,778 16 17 15 Vorth Carolina 392,194 231,756 160,438 455,142 271,900 183,243 16 17 14 ilorth Dakota 56,577 64,030 2,646 60,399 57,506 2,893 7 6 14

)hio 898,385 460,320 238,065 794,646 530,026 264,619 14 15 11 )kiehoma 189,127 164,555 24,975 205,362 178,382 28,980 9 7 16

)regon 199,115 167,089 32,027 218,577 183,994 34,583 10 10 8

'ennsylvania 915,435 396,805 518,630 1,029,285 461,099 568,188 12 16 10 blade Island 89,114 35,960 53,164 99,198 43,013 58,183 11 20 6

iouth Carolina 135,424 97,539 37,884 153,680 113,250 40,430 1.3 16 7

iouth Dakota 62,049 50,103 11,946 64,809 51,582 13,227 4 3 11

"winnow 275,388 147,216 128,172 306,209 165,261 140,948 11 12 10

"eves 626,238 454,798 171,440 719,182 530,363 188,819 15 17 10 Rah 149,369 101,062 48,307 170,092 114,204 55,888 14 13 15

lermont 58,391 30,326 28,065 64,648 33,660 30,988 11 11 10 rirginia 272,146 203,309 68,838 317,238 242,607 74,642 17 19 8 Washington 295,021 264,923 40,098 331,443 290,244 41,199 12 14 3 Vest Virginia '111,933 90,390 21,544 123,411 100,449 22,963 10 11 7 Wisconsin 409,848 332,609 77,240 469,507 384,677 84,1..4 15 16 10 Wyoming 31,717 31,717 "' 37,649 37,649 18 18 ..

I.S. Service Schools 166,361 166,361 159,204 159,204 - 4 -4 ... Outlying antes 86,222 69,986 15,236 99,719 32,173 17,546 17 17 15 anal Zone 937 937 "' 937 937 - 0 0 - Warn 2,120 2,120 2,544 2,544 20 .. uerto Rico 78,600 63,364 15,236 92,720 75,174 17,646 18 19 15

Virgin Islands 3,565 3,565 - 3,518 3,518 - - - .1 1 .

P

' The decrease was less than one-half of 1 percent.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

99

SOURCE: U,S. Department of Health, Education, and Wader*, Office of

Education, Financial Statistics or Institutions of Higher Education, Current Funds

Revenues and Expenditures, 1967-68 and 1968-89,
Table 129,-Income of institutions of Higher education: United States and outlying areas, 1909.10 to 1968.69

In thousands of dollars]

Item 1909-10 1919.20 1929.30 1939-40 1949.50

6 1959.607 1963-648 1965.66

9 1967.68

10 1968-69

1 2 3 4 5 11 Currentfund Income 882,007 8200,138 $556,845 $720,096 $2,390,079 $5,812,759 $9,691,330 1111,798,207 118,910,420 $18,974,320

Educational and general 73,041 173,143 485,348 575,796 1,848,825 4,712,548 7,830,033 10,340,164 13,919,754 14,417,302

Student tuition and fees' 19,426 42,263 144,824 201,831 395,855 1,161,753 1,899,455 2,679,655 3,393,802 3,829,824 Federal Government: Veterans' tuition and fees' 308,432 3,483

Land-grant institutions' Research3 2,998 4,709

1'1 16,389

1'1 31,889

1')

48,245

1'1 88,297

828,734

119,768

1,797,095 2'663'973 3,363,140 2,519,860

Other purposes 1,815 8,074 4,269 7,648 170,368 120,384 253,898

State govern men u° '21,203 '51,864 '152,335 153,690 500,289 1,389,271 2,133,665 3,012,003 4,219,868 4,881,383

Local governments II 1 24,392 81,378 151,715 240,355 318,028 503,881 814,482 Endowment 'amines 12,681 26,485 88,820 71,364 96,370 206,688 266,214 316,292 384,048 413,334

Private gifts and grants '3,551 7,685 28,203 40,578 118,705 383,188 551,507 642,698 553,352 806,210 Related activities 1' 1'1 32,894 112,437 244,894 363,584 692,471 421,372 Sales and services of educational departments 1'1 1'1 1'1 1'1 45,245 65,063 707,565 118,953 129,312

Other educational and general 11,387 22,163 72,908 11,512 34,758 88,739 139,441 710,860 1,021,545

Auxiliary enterprises 8,966 26,993 60,470 144,299 513,096 1,005,963 1,810,426 2,142,640 2,488,778 2,895,801

Student-aid income' 1'1 / 13/ 18,288 94,248 150,871 313,403 503,888 578,779 Other current income - 11,027 W.870 - - - - '1,282,438

Plantfund receipts' 19,855 19,219 82,831 86,308 530,435 1,311,907 2,534,182 3,487,401 1'1 1'1 Federal Government 22,987 12,362 57,599 134,215 333,688

State governments 11,476 11,319 31,374 18,486 285,234 320,401 632,100 738,739

Local governments 2,154 19,373 36,304 82,694 81,268

Private gifts and grants '8,379 7,900 51,457 22,679 72,629 196,464 314,569 366,128 Loans-noninstitutional sources 1'1 1'1 1'1 1'1 363,514 744,451 1,513,648 Loans-institutional sources 1' 1' 31,873 64,132 77,556 Transfers from other funds Miscellaneous receipts 1'1 1'1

1'1

1' 1 60,914

79,923

228,597

77,155

422,777

159,243 376,394

Other fund receipts 1' 1 1'1 1'1 1°117,190 499,006 629,606 820,408

Private gifts and grants 11,156 51,514 63,514 36,366 66,939 209,147 308,893 327,087 Other sources 1') 1'1 1' 1 5,778 50,251 289,858 320,911 493,321

Net increase In principal of f unds 1') 1') 1'1 1'1 1'1 419,356 484,111 662,863 1' 1') Endowment funds' 375,179 444,817 662,863 Annuity funds 11,854 25,350 1.1 Student loan funds 32,324 13,944 1.1

'Tuition and fees received from veterans under Public Law 550 are reported

under student fees and not under Income from the Federal Government. 3 Income from the Federal Government for research at agricultural experiment

stations administered by land-grant institutions was reported under and-grant

institutions and not under research.

'Oats not separately collected.

Includes Federal aid received through State channels and regional ci..mpacts.

Income from State and local governments tabulated under State.

'Specifically designated or earmarked funds.

'Major public service programs previously reported in "Federal Government"

research, in related activities, and in other items of education and general revenue.

'Ones not include separately organized professional chools, for which data were

not collected.

'Oats not roliected. °Ooes not include interfund transfers. 11 Includes funds functioning as endowment.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may no add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Oepartment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, surveys of Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education.

Table 130.-Estimated tuition and fees, and room and board rates in institutions of higher education, by type and control of institution:

United States, 1962.63 to 1972-73 Year and control of institution

Tuition and required fees Board rates Charges for dormitory rooms

All

institu

tions Univer sities Other 4-year

institu.

tions 2-year

institu.

tions All

institutions Univer- sities Other 4-year institu

tions 2-year institutions All

institu- d ons Univer.

. :- sities Other 4.vear. : institu

tions 2-year

institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6 7, 8 9 10 11 12 13 1962.63: Public $222 $268 $192 $97 $435 $456 $403 $361 $244 $262 $219 $157 Private 944 1,149 869 600 475 507 462 427 305 366 277 244 1967-68: Public 283 366 268 144 467 496 437 403 313 337 292 243 Private 1,297 1,534 1,238 893 516 556 501 504 392 454 365 366

1972-73: Public 392 520 394 242 582 618 555 528 454 483 441 398 Private 1,919 2,266 1,881 1,401 642 691 622 687 546 629 519 568 NOTE.-Oata are for the entire academic year and are average charges per

full-time resident degree-credit student. They have not been adjusted for changes

in the purchasing power of the dollar. 1. 113 100

SOURCE: Estimated from Office of Education surveys of Higher Educe ion Basic

Student Charges and Opening Fell Enrollment in Higher Education.
Table 131. -Basic student charges by institutions of higher education for tuition and foes, board, and

room, by control and level of institution: United States and outlying are., 1N1149

Type of charge and

type of Institution

Charges to fulltime undergraduate

students Publicly controlled

Institutions Privately controlled Resident InItItutions

students Nonresident students

1 2 3 4 Tuition and fees, board, and room: Universities $1,246 $1,816 $2,673

Other 4yaar institutions 1,063 1,424 2,237

2yeer Institutions 883 1,167 1,876

Tuition and required fees:

Unhenitles 377 948 1,638

Other 4year institutions 281 642 1,335

2year Institutions 170 464 958 Room charges: Universities 359 359 483 Other ysar Institutions 318 318 382 2year Institutions 278 278 391 Board charges: Universities 509 509 572 Other ys& institutions 464 464 1120 2year Institutions 435 436 529 NOTE.-The averages shown era for ma entire ac SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and

&mit year. In the computation of (hale averages the Walters, Office of Education, Nigher Educerion Beak

date from each Institution led weighted by the Student Cherffill, 196849. number of fulltirrie undwgrtdusta degreecredit students in the institution.

Table 132.-Currentfund expenditures of institutions of higher eri.icatIon, by control and by purpose:

United States and outlying areas, 1941140

(Amounts in thousands of dollars1

Purpose

Currontfund expeiditures, by control of institution

Public and private Public Private Amount Percent Amount Parent Amount Percent

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Totel currentfund expenditures 1111,571,772 100.0 111,51Z1131

-T- 100.0 17,085,141 100.0 Etlucational end general expenditures 13,918,682 74.9 8,985,044 78.0 4,933,837 89.8 General administration and general expense 2,293,477 12.3 1,321,899 11.5 971,578 13.8

Instruction and departmental research 5,973,493 32.1 4,039,847 35.1 1,933,848 27.4 Extension and pub is services 473,184 2.5 421,243 3.7 51,921 .7

Libraries 574,478 3.1 360,566 3.1 213,910 3.0 Plant operation and maintenance 1,343,422 7.2 848.585 7.3 498,838 7.0 Sponsored activities other than research 678,820 3.7 460,897 3.9 228,124 3.2 Sponsored research 1,794,374 9.7 988,580 8.8 805,794 11.4 Other separately budgeted research 251,898 1.4 221,838 1.9 79,982 .4 Related organized activities 535,757 2.9 333,990 2.9 201,7138 2.9 Auxiliary enterprises 2,644,231 13.7 1,463,747 12.7 1,080,484 15.3 Studentaid grants 823,202 4.4 374,306 3.3 448,896 6.4 Major public service programs 1,292,1357 7.0 889,733 8.0 802,923 8.5 Federally funded R&D centers' 697,317 3.8 287,383 2.5 409,953 5.8 Hospitals' 528,943 2.8 342,478 3.0 184,4138 2.6 Other major public omits programs' 88,397 .4 59,995 .5 8,502 .1 Data were previously included with sponsored research under educational and

general expenditures.

'Oata were previously included with educational and general items.

101

NOTE -Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Educe

tion, Financial Srefisrics of Insfiforions of Nigher Education, Currenr Funds Rev

noes and Expenditures, 1968-69.
Tibia 133.-Currentfund expenditures of Institutions of higher education, by control and by State: 1967.68 and 1968.69

(Amounts In thousands L., donors]

State 198748 198849 Prisms

Percentage 198766 Total

change, to 1 439 Private Total Public Private Total Public Public

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 9 10 United Swiss 118,4110,7N 110,031,98 118,448,999 1118,411,6113 811,432,818 117,041,784 12 14 1 Alabama 200,889 161,583 39,306 221,960 179,206 42,662 10 11 9 Alaska 23,912 21,648 2,264 27,127 24,379 2,748 13 13 21 Arizona 128,890 124,372 4,616 141,323 137,263 4,061 10 10 10 Arkansw 96,644 79,529 17,114 107,161 87,460 19,692 11 10 15 California 2,099,300 1,469,269 640,031 2,278,880 1,645,199 633,480 9 13 1 Colorado 227,135 185,384 41,772 258,726 214,006 44,719 14 15 7 Connecticut 262,118 81,554 170,564 284,540 95,980 188,580 13 18 11 Delaware 32,246 27.860 4,386 40,520 35,526 4,994 26 28 14 District of Columbia 185,903 1,834 184,068 209,895 7,205 202,490 13 293 10 Florida 363,589 249,241 104,348 428,615 310,221 118,394 21 24 13 Georgia 272,648 182,981 89,667 309,694 204,530 105,164 14 12 17 Hawaii 71,116 66,623 4,494 79.425 73,775 5,650 12 11 26

Idaho 46.898 38,908 7,990 52,078 43.486 9,592 11 12 8

Illinois 963,288 477,887 486,381 1,088,271 560,727 527,545 13 17 9

Indians 447,428 322,554 124,874 493,192 355,195 137,997 10 10 11

lows 280,570 195,969 84,601 309,367 218,284 91.063 10 11 8 Renew 185,562 157,759 27,803 203,662 171,608 32,066 10 9 15 Kentucky 200,068 155,770 44,219 228,282 179,962 48,320 14 16 9 Louisiana 230,991 171,261 59,730 245,927 178,431 67,496 6 4 13 Maine 59,426 35,162 24,284 89,166 40,859 28,306 16 16 17 Maryland 318,842 163,639 155,203 347,661 163,411 164,251 9 12 6 MAssechumns 848,688 109,781 736,905 910,881 124,048 786.833 a 13 7 Michigan 742,316 643,994 98,322 825,621 718,502 107,020 11 12 9 Min mow 318,274 245,809 71,465 346,589 285,814 80,758 9 8 13 Mississippi 130,914 115,554 15,359 153,794 135,614 18,179 17 17 18 Missouri 346,740 187,957 158,763 393,976 220,210 173,767 14 17 9 Montana 48,306 43,666 4,642 54,922 49,838 5,084 14 14 10 Nebraska 120,636 86,106 34,532 143,030 101,961 41,088 19 18 19 Nevada 26,992 26,992 27,376 27,376 1 1 New Hampshire , 80,522 34,519 48,003 87,916 37,201 50,715 9 8 10 New Jersey 302,504 148,015 154,489 364,438 198,241 168,197 20 33 9 New Mexico 87,931 63,462 4,489 95,763 89,782 5,981 9 8 34 Now York 1,727,687 575,611 1,152,056 2,003,239 685,217 1,318,023 18 19 14 North Carolina 381,452 223,307 158,145 439,465 281,760 177,697 15 17 12 North Oskots 51,466 48,907 2,569 67,910 54,943 2,966 13 12 18 Ohio 685,116 449,622 236,493 771,193 511,821 259,372 12 14 10 Oklahoma 185,739 160,319 25,421 204,940 176,348 28,593 10 10 12 Dragon 197,282 165,188 32,114 217,144 182,050 39,095 10 10 9 Pon naylverls 904,050 389,087 514,963 1,024,195 481,521 582,674 13 19 9 Rhode Island 88,670 38,434. 52,236 100,840 43,651 57,189 14 20 9 South Cwolina 131,331 94,141 37,190 152,148 111,379 40,768 16 18 10 South Oskow 59,043 46,930 12,113 64,363 50.560 13,803 9 a 14 Tennessee 269,431 140,881 128,550 302,646 159,911 142,735 12 14 11 Texas 509,401 426,776 172,625 883,2013 493,840 189,387 14 18 10 Utah 146,096 90,900 47,196 163,396 112,458 50,941 12 14 8 Vermont 137,429 29,616 27,813 63,589 33,351 30,238 11 13 9 Virginia 289,978 202,594 67,384 310,112 238,314 71,796 15 18 7 Washington 283,410 243,194 40,216 328,672 286,332 42,339 18 18 5 West Virginia 11)7,640 90,579 21,061 116,893 94,027 22,868 9 9 9 Wisconsin 406,694 329,572 79,122 457,010 370,553 86,457 12 12 9 Wyoming 29,013 29,013 32,993 32,993 - 14 14 ... U.S. Service Schools 167,820 167,620 158,378 158,378 - - -6 3

Outlying areas 85,122 70,868 14,187 87,189 80,012 17,178 14 13 21 Canal Zone 937 937 - - 937 937 0 0 Guam 1,934 1,934 2,321 2,321 20 20 Puerto Rico 77,903 63,736 14,187 90,564 73,388 17,178 18 15 21 Virgin Islands 4,348 4,348 3,368 3,368 23 23

NOTE.-Ilecsuos of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Walters, Office of Education, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Highor Education, Current Funds Revenues end

Expenditures, 196748 and 195849.

5.16 nr 102
Table 134.-Penonel Income, 1968, related to educational end General expenditures for higher education and to educational

and moral funds received from State and local Governments, by State: 141041

State Personal income, 1968

(millions

of dollars)

Educational and general

mxpendituna for higher

education, 1948419'

Educational and general

funds from Sow and local

governments, lees-ea

Amount

Ithouserxls of dollars) Percent of personal income Amount(thousands

of dollars) Percent of personal income

1 2 3 4 5 6 United States 880 ,442 113,01,715 2.00 05,4211,944 0.79 Alabama 8,328 174,600 2.10 60.555 .73 Alaska 1,119 23,786 2.13 12,100 1.08 Arizona 5,044 111,391 2.21 85.848 1.30 Arkansas 4.590 74,373 1.62 39,222 .85 California 78,900 1,596,828 2.08 901.912 1.17 Colorado 6.863 194,253 2.83 72,790 1.08 Connecticut 12,741 224,070 1.76 82,220 .49 Delaware 2,048 31,499 1.64 14,395 .70 District of Columbia 3,524 141,252 4.01 3,910 .11 Florida 19,820 358,772 1.81 184,325 .93 Georgia 12,781 229,574 1.90 100.218 .78 Hawaii 2,710 72,352 2.87 30,246 1.12

Idaho 1,888 38,921 1.98 10,382 1.03

Illinois 43,712 799,210 1.81 330,240 .78

Indiana 17,297 353,888 2.04 145,988 .84

Iowa 9,123 233,315 2.56 93,145 1.02 Kansas 7,520 151,496 2.01 72,204 .96 Kentucky 8,478 171,259 2.02 89,739 1.08

Louisiana 9,809 189,555 1.93 100,701 1.03 Mains 2,758 50,181 1.81 17,749 .64 Maryland 14,048 254,132 1.81 95,325 .61 Mauschusetts 21,141 880.834 3.13 80,584 .38 Michigan 32,222 615,134 1.91 289.061 .84 Minnesota 12,258 272,990 2.23 99.037 .81 Missirippi 4,871 108 600 2.19 50,390 1.03 Missouri 16,048 322,088 2.14 120,910 .80 Montana 2,022 41,245 2.04 23,496 1.16 Nebraska 4,849 108,733 2.30 31,934 .69 Nevada 1,783 24,558 1.38 12.885 .71 Now Hampshire 2,300 55,274 2.84 12,074 .52 New Jaraw 28,057 277,819 .99 105,792 .3.3 Now Mexico 2,850 78,388 2.98 31,777 1.20 Now YOrk 75,302 1,619,588 2.15 549,090 .73 North Carolina 13,838 321,105 2.36 98,986 .73 North Dakota 1,859 . 43,545 2.63 18,909 1.14 Ohio 36,926 05,173 1.48 173,667 .47 Oklahoma 7,200 130,838 1.81 48,441 .67 Dragon 6,663 148,244 2.22 65.766 .99 Pennsylvania 39,874 753,718 1.89 218,829 .54 Rhoda Island 3,279 77,391 2.36 23,232 .71 South Carolina 6,381 104,183 1.83 49,011 .76 South Dakota 1,875 45,739 2.44 18,324 .87

Tennessee 10,213 232,742 2.28 74.328 .73 Texas 33,247 522,773 1.57 253,383 .76 Utah 2,880 118,413 4.11 37,473 1.30 Vermont 1,310 45,955 3.51 10,499 .90 Virginia 14,154 207,850 1.47 913,659 .63 Washington 12,108 278,926 2.29 135,960 1.12 West Virginia 4,426 83,096 1.88 51,290 1.18 Wisconsin 14,207 347,832 2.45 150,686 1.13 Wyoming 998 25,239 2.63 16,427 1.66

'Excluckle U.S. Service Schools. NOTE.-Seasuw of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

103

SOURCES: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, financhoi Statistics of Institutions of NO.,'

Education, Curntnt Funds ISIttornats and Evan:Nunn, 1814149

U.S. Department of Commerce, Offics of (Mimes Economia,

Surrey of Current twine. August 1970.
Table 135,-Expenditures of Institutions of higher eduction: United States end outlying areas, 1029.30 to 1968-69

I in thousands of doilarn

Item 1929.30 1939-40 1949.50 1957.50 195960

..._. 8 196162

7 1963.64B 1905-669

1967436

10

1988439

. 1 2 3 4 5 11 Current-fund experaLtures 1115841,471 5075,590 $2,251,641 $4,543,562 15127,962 57,190,077 $9,224,012 912,6111443 616,565,0011 619,579,772 Educational end 9oners' 379,065 625,539 1,717,913 3,634,142 4,536,058 5,798,124 7,466,390 10,003,996 13,263,614 13,918,682 General sdminIsuetion end

general expense 43,030 63,105 214,477 478,166 507,336 736,189 964,213 1,259,938 1.749,835 2,293,477

Instruction end departmental reaserch 222,067 21'1,677 785,420 1 ,477,360 1,802,871 2,215,992 2,820,631 '3,939.854 '5,689,739 '6,652,313

Extension snd public services . , 24,982 55,913 88,389 178,928 208,378 246,189 298,185 442,718 602,452 473.164

Libraries 9.654 19,575 66,484 110,510 135,913 178,109 237,851 347,645 495.730 574,476

Plant operation end meintenence 61,205 69,851 226,246 406,938 473,682 666,023 689,327 847,815 1,132,138 1,343,422

Organized research 18,117 28,121 227,344 733,887 1,024,399 1,481,377 1,982,892 2,452,982 2,709.947 2,046,072 Related ectivities I') 27,297 119,553 238,924 294,344 387,233 459,468 559,471 641,126 535,757

Other educational end general , . III 1' / l' I '7,438 '9,134 '8,013 '13,632 153,574 242,848 01

Aux Plow, en terprises 1') 124,466 477,983 778,034 917,943 1,160,878 1,455,227 1,891,066 2,306,531 2,544,231

Studenteld expenditures l'i l' 1 I') 131,386 173,963 231,275 303,371 429,225 718,675 823,202

Other current expenditures 129,416 20,555 64,045 . - - 245,636 277,089 '1,292,657

Grose additions to plant value' .. . , 126,767 03,646 410,521 1,121,574 1,319,514 1,179,675 2,440,117 3,129,311 4,104,456 1')

Include' "other sponsored programs.'

'Data not collected seperetely.

'Soles end services expenditures.

'Oen not tabulated separately.

"Major public service programs" previously reported In "orgsnIzed reseorch,"

"extension end public services," end "reined ectiv les." Table 136.-Physical plant value par student in institutions of

higher education, by control and by level: United States

and outlying areas, 1966-PV and 1987-68 Control end level of institution

Institutions Plant vela' Number Enroil

mint Totals Per student 1 2 3 4 6 199447

All inatilutIons 2,777 11,436,477 $30,360,740 54,719

4-yow Institutions 1,582 5,107,621 27,710,029 5,425

2 -yes institutions 755 1,330,856 2,870,711 2,007

Publicly controlled institutions 884 4,381,065 18,230,908 4,161

r 4-yw institutions 406 3,189,304 16,141,300 5,061

2ywir institutions 479 1,191,782 2,069,608 1,753

Privately controlled Institutions 1,453 2,067,391 12,140.832 5,906

4-yw institutions 1,177 1,918,317 11,568,729 6,031

2yeer institutions 276 139,074 581,103 4,178 F.

194749

AS inerautlens 2,312 1,663,607 34,5115,607 4,657

Oyer institutions 1,593 5,445,608 31,319,629 5,751

2-yew institutions 789 1,518,079 3,266,177 2,152

Publicly controlled institutions 938 4,850,330 21,177,732 4.385 4-yew institutions 416 3,475,660 18,539,507 5,334

Zyttro institutions 522 ww. 1,374,670

... 2,638,134 1,919

r-- ,- w

Privately controlled Institutions 1,444 2,113,357 13,406.075 8,344

4yesr institutions 1,177 1,959,948 12,780,032 8,487

2-yeer institutions 267 143,409 828.043 4,379

'Total resident end extension enrollment, ulltime end part-time, degree-credit

end nondegree-credit, fell 1966 end 1967.

'In thousands of dollars. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, end Welfare, Office of Educe.

tion, Financial Stade*, of Institutions of Higher Education, Property, 1966-67;

and unpublished dale.

104

'Includes expenditures f om plant end current funds, gifts end norm of plant

ants, end Increews in violin due to reappraisal or other odiustmenb.

'Oats not col, feted.

NOTE. -Dec Ise of rounding, rated may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, surveys of Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education,

Table 137,-Endowment funds par student In institutions of

blab. education, by control and by level:

United States end outlying areas, 1963-64 end 1968.67 Control and

level of Institution Number Enroll- mint

Book value of endowment funds' Totel3 Per student

1 2 3 4 5 106344

All institutions 2,140 4,900,332 $6,564,6911 $1,449

4-yew institutions 1,503 3.952,760 8,882,978 1,741

2yeer institutions 637 847,572 71,720 85 Publicly controlled institutions 765 3,090,578 1,275,669 413 4 -yes institutions 387 2,353,512 1,260,856 538 2yeer institutions ww

378 737,066 14,813 20 Privately controlled institutions 1,375 1,708,754 5,679,027 3,322

4-yeer institutions 1,116 1,599,248 5,622,120 3,515

2yeer institutions 259 110,506 56,907 515 196647

All institutions 2,337 6,431,477 9,032,362 1,403

4-year Institutions 1,582 5,107,621 8,936,771 1,750

2 -year institutions 756 1,330,856 95,591 72 Publicly controlled Institutions 884 4,381,086 1,633,395 373 4-yeer institutions 406 3,189,304 1,611,829 506 2yeer institutions 479 1.191,782 21,566 18 Privately controlled institutions . . 1,453 2,067,391 7,398,967 3.596 4yeer institutions 1,177 1,918,317 7,324,942 3,818

2yeer institutions 276 139,074 74,025 532

'Total resident end extension enrollment, full-time end part-time, degree-credit

end nu,aegree-credit, fell 1963 and fell 1966.

2 I ncluoing funds functioning la endowment.

3 n thousands of dollen.

SOURCE: U.S. Deportment of Health, Education, and Weller., Office of

Education, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, Property,

1966-67; and Higher Education Finances, Selected Trend and Summary Data.
Table 138.-ProPartY of institutions of higher education: United States and

outlying areas, 1909.10 to 196867

(In thousands of dollars)

Item 1909.10 1919.20 1929.30 193940 1949.50 195980 1965-66 196647

I 2 3 4 5 0 7 8 9 Property velum' at and of year

Physical pant and pant funds

Physical plant

Unaepended pant funds

Endowmen and other noneependable

funds Endowment funds3 Annuity funds

Student loan funds

1169181his of plant funds

1784,193 81,317,703 83,442,2233_94,634,343

2,768,279

87,943303 1 820,224,871

14,652,697

1135,98303 836413,102

460.532 748,121 2,069,764 6,296,030 24,9115,670 30,380,740

460,532

III 748,121III ..._

2,069,764 2,768,279

01 12)

4,820,981

475,049

13,688,360

1,004,337

28,916,6700130,380,740

1'I

323,501 569,082

__. 1,372459 1,786,064 2,847,273 5,572,175 8,767,993 9,032.362

323,661

II)

(1)

569,092

III 01

1,372,459 1,687,810 II) 49,593

(II 28,861

2,004,098

(4)

43,175

5,322,971

122,757

126,447

8,767,993

111

II)

9,032,362 (I)

111 r II) (I) II) (I) III 1,970,216 6,000,647 7,625,391

I Data not collected. !Data not tabulated separately.

'Includes funds functioning as endowment (book waits/. 4 Annuity funds Included with endowment funds. NOTE 6OCSUI4 of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Millar', Office of Educe.

lion, surveys of Financial Statistics of Institutions of HI/her Education.

Table 139.-Student financial aid funds disbursed by institutions of Mahar education, by type of program, control of institution, type of aid,

and academic level of recipient: United States and outlying areas, 1966417

(In thousands of dollars)

financial aid

program and academic

level of recipient Total

Foderalty eponsored

Nonfedarally

sponsored 1 NonF 'derail funds US. Officio of Education Other departments end

agencies NonFederal matching

funds Federal funds NonFediral

matching

funds Federal funds

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Publicly controlkod Intlitsolons

Total, all woven; 6193,602 824,504 8231,511 81,337 11911,996 83311,153

Work assignments 290,016 8,476 77,689 216 75,123 178,513

Undergraduate 201,747 7,850 70,080 78 10,825 112,915

Firstprofesslonel 4,903 49 455 - 373 4,027 Graduate 83,367 578 7,154 138 13,926 61,571 Grunts 248,912 2 454 48,652 369 68,030 129,407

Undergraduate 149,990 2,084 27,497 154 20,504 99,749 Firstprofnsionel 6,489 42 673 17 2,436 3,322 Graduate 90,434 329 18,481 196 45,090 26,338

Louis 156,573 13,574 107,171 762 6,843 28,234

Undergraduate 125,706 11,183 89,588 196 1,813 22 ,924 First-profouional 11,485 522 4,700 519 4,896 1,060 Graduate 19,383 1,869 12,883 38 334 4,260

Privately controlled institutions

Total, all programs UM 176 817,756 11167,1180 9874 875,014 9342,400

Work assignments 115,482__I 3,592 37,359 25 14,651 64,854

Undergraduate 83,786 3,326 29,731 76 1,566 49,118 FirstxoNNIonel 2,255 114 1,013 149 979 Graduate 29,461 152 1,615 12,937 14,758 Grants 342,189 3,142 35,419 9 51,245 252,374

Undergradusts 224,987 3,109 21,466 9,491 190,921

Firstprofessional 19,383 30 857 6,775 11,722 Graduate 97,819 2 13,096 9 34,980 49,731

Loans 146,504 11,023 100,182 839 9,190 25,262

Undergraduate 116,535 9,480 85,319 226 2,344 19,166 Firstprofessional 14,065 587 5,390 501 5,545 2,063 Graduate 15,884 958 9,473 112 1,309 4,033

NOTE: Because of rounding, derail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Financial Statistics of Institutions of Higher Education, Student Financial Ald, 1966-67.

105
Table 140,Selected data for lend-vent institutions on *Wenn end fineness:

United States and outlying area, 19910 and 19011.70

Item 1959-60 1969.70

1 3 Opening (fall) enrollment: Total enrollment '690,276 '1,367,606

Firstlime enrollment '125,234 '266,409

Regular Federal appropriations 688,296,883 6178,029,601

Funds for Instruction end facilities (Morn lifielson

and flenkheod,/onee funds) 6,061,500 14,720,000

Funds for research (experiment 'tenons) 29,711 440 65,674,276

Hatch funds, as emended 29,227,719 48,834,242

Rewerch under Agricultural Marketing Act . . 483 721 0,640,033

Funds for cooperative extension 63,633,940 107,636,326

SmithLever funds (Act of 1914, es emended) . 62,021,028 105,588,393

Extension under Agricultural Marketing Act 1,612,916 2,044,933.

Endowment income under landrant funds 3,966,481 7,542,104

From 1862 landirent funds 2,686,714 4.301,478

From Other Federal landrent funds 1,290,767 3,240,626

Resident and extension, degreecredit and non4egree-credit, flretterm enrollment.

I Resident and extension, degree-credit and non.d

wee-credit, opening fall enrollment.

'Resident, degree-credit, first-term enrollment.

Ito

106

SOURCE: U.S. Oeperamnt of Health, Education,

and Welfare, Office of Education, Statistics of

LendGrent Colleges and Univeniltiet, Year Ended

June JO, IMO; Opening Pall Enrollment In aligner

Education, I and Statistics on Condition of

LendEirent Funds, 1970 Report.
Chapter IV

Federal Programs for Education and Related Activities*

Federal land grants provided under the Northwest

Ordinance of 1787 represent the first instance of U.S.

Government financial assistance for education. With

this enactment, the National Government embarked

upon a program of educational support unique among

national governments in its commitment to State and

local autonomy and in the responsibility it assumed

for a public function of national interest.

A variety of programs and procedures are used by

the Federal Government to support numerous educational activities. Procedures include grants of land,

financial grants and loans, allocations of surplus commodities and federally owned property, operation of

special educational programs and institutions, and the

cost of services or contracts. This highly complex

Federal educational involvement affects, directly or

indirectly, every person in this country and many

persons from other countries. Programs may be for

the purchase of research and training services in educational institutions; for support of individuals for

whom there is a special Federal responsibility; for

support of schools in areas where Federal activities

would result in undue burdens on school services

without such support; for support of vocational

education, foreign language study, and similar special

areas; or for numerous other purposes.

A capsule view of the history of Federal educational activities is provided in the following list of

selected Federal educational legislation:

Year Program

1787 Northwest Ordinanceauthorized land grants for the

establishment of educational institutions.

Albort R. Munse of the Reference, Estimates, and ProJectIons Branch, National Center for Educational Statistics, had

the major responsibility for the development of data for this

chapter.

107

1862 First Morrill Actautnorized public land grants to

the States for the establishment and maintenance

of agricultural and mechanical colleges.

1867 Department of Education Actauthorized the establishment of the Office of Education.

1874 Aid to Stets nautical schoolsprovided funds for

State nautical schools.

1890 Second Morrill Actprovided for money grants for

support of instruction in the agricultural and

mechanical colleges.

1917 Smith-Hughes Actprovided for grants to States for

support of vocational education

1918 Vocational Rehabilitation Actauthorized funds for

rehabilitation of World War I veterans.

1919 Federal surplus propertyauthorized use of Federal

surplus property by educational institutions.

1920 Smitheankheed Actauthorized grants to States for

vocational rehabilitation programs.

1933 School lunch programsprovided assistance in school

lunch programs. TM use of surplus farm commodities in school lunch programs began in 1936

and the National School Lunch Act of 1946 continued and expended this assistance.

1935 Bankheed-Jones Actmode grants to States for owlcultural experiment stations.

1937 National Cancer Institute Act--established Public

Health Service Fellowship program. Subsequently,

fellowships were authorized in legislation concerning other agencies.

1940 School Milk Program provided funds for con of

milk unwed to school children.

1941 Amendment to Lanham Act of 194(, authorized

Fadersl aid for construction, maintenance, and

operation of schools in federally impacted amp.

Such assistance was continued undo Public Laws

816 and 874, 81st Congress, in 1950.

1943 Vocational Rehabilitation Actprovided assistance

to disabled veterans.

School Lunch Indemnity Planprovided funds for

local school lunch food purchases.

1944 Se-vicemen's Readjustment Actprovided assistance

for education of veterans.

Surplus Property Actauthorized transfer of surplus

property to educational institutions.

1946 GeorgeBarden Actexpended Federal support of

vocational education.

1948 United States Information and Educational Exchange Actprovided for the interchange of persons, knowledge, and skills between tha United

States and other countries.

lJ 0
1949 Federal Property and Administrative Services Act

provided for donation of suiplus property to

educational institutions and for other public uses.

1950 Public Lows 815 and 874provided assistance for

construction (Pl. 815) and operation (Pl. 874)

of schools in federally affected areas.

Housing Actauthorized loans for construction of

college housing facilities.

1954 School Milk Programprovided funds for purchase

of milk for school lunch programs.

Cooperative Research Actauthorized cooperative

arrangements with universities, colleges, and State

education agencies for educational research.

National Advisory Committee on Education Act

established a National Advisory Committee on

Education to recommend to the Secretary of the

Department needed studies of national concern in

the field of education and to propose app °prime

action indicated by such studies.

1956 Library Services Actauthorized grants to States for

extension and improvement of rural public library

services.

1957 Practical Nurse Training Actprovided grants to

States for practical nurse training.

1958 National Defense Education Actprovided assistance

to State and local school systems for strengthening instruction in science, mathematics, modern

foreign languages, and other critical subjects;

improvement of State statistical services; guidance, counseling and testing services and training

institutes; higher education student loans and fellowships; foreign language institutes and advanced

foreign language study and training provided by

colleges and universities; experimentation, and dis

semination of information on more effective

utilization of television, motion picture, and related media for educational purposes; and vocational education for technical occupations neces

sary to the national defense.

Public Law 85426Federal assistance for training

teachers of the handicapped authorized.

Public Law 85.905authorized a loan service of captioned films for the deaf.

1961 Area Redevelopment Actincluded provisions for

training or retraining of persons in redevelopment

1962 MenpoNer Development and Training Actprovided

training in new and improved skills for the unemployed and underemployed.

Public Law 87477provided grants for the construction of educational television broadcasting facilities.

Migration and Refugee Assistance Act of 1962

authorized loans, advances and grants for e.oca.

tion and training of refugees.

1963 Health Professions Educational Assistance Actprovided funds to expand teaching facilities and for

loans to students in the health professions.

Vocational Education Act of 1963increased Federal support of vocational education, including

support of residential vocational schools, vocational work-study programs, and research, training, and demonstrations in vocational education.

Higher Education Facilities Act of 1963authorized

grants and loans for classrooms, libraries, and

laboratories in public community colleges and

technical institutes as well as undergraduate and

108

1964

1965

graduate facilities in other Institutions of higher

education.

Civil Rights Act of 1964authorized the Commis.

'loner to (1) arrange, through grants or contracts

with institutions of higher education, for the operation of short-term or regular session institutes

for special training to improve ability of elementary and secondary school instructional staff to

deal effectively with special education problems

occasioned by desegregation; (2) make grants to

school boards to pay, In whole or in part, the cost

nf providing inservice training in dealing with

problems Incident to desegregation; to provide

school boards technical assistance in desegregation; and required nondiscrimination in federally

assisted programs.

Economic Opportunity Act of 1964authorized

grants for college worktudy programs for students of lour-income families; established a Job

Corps program and authorized support for work

training programs to provide education and vocational training and work experience for unemployed youths; provided training and work

experience opportunities in welfare programs;

authorized support of Community Action Programs, including Head Start, Follow Through,

Upward Bound, education and training activities;

authorized the establishment of the Volunteers in

Service to America (VISTA).

Elementary and Secondary Education Actauthorized grants for elementary and secondary school

programs for children of low-income families;

school library resources, textbooks and other instructional materials for school children; supplementary educational centers and services; strengthening State education agencies; and educational

research and research training.

Health Professions Educational Assistance Amendmentsauthorized scholprships to aid needy stir

dents in the health professions and grants to

irrprove the quality of teaching in schools of

medicine, dentistry, osteopathy, optometry and

podiatry.

Higher Education Act of 1965provided grants for

university community service programs, college

library assistance and library training and research;

strengthening developing institutions; educational

opportunity grants; insured student loans; teacher

training programs; and undergraduate instructional equipment. Established a National Teacher

Corps and provided for graduate teacher training

fellowships.

Medical Library Assistance Actprovided assistance

for construction and improvement of health sciences libraries.

National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities

Actauthorized grants and loans for projects in

the creative and performing arts, and for research,

training, and scholarly publications in the humanities.

National Technical Institute for the Deaf ActProvided for the establishment, construction, equipping, and operation of a residential school for

oostsecondery education and technical training of

the deaf.

National Vocational Student Loan Insurance Act-

-Encouraged State and nonprofit private institu-
tions and organizations to establish adequate loan

insurance programs to assist students to attend

postsecondary business, trade, technical, and

other vocational schools.

Disaster Relief Actprovides for assistance to local

education agencies to help meet exceptional cost

resulting from a major disaster.

1966 International Education Act provided grants to

institutions of higher education for the establishment, strengthening, and operation of centers for

research and reining in international studies and

the international r3pects of professional and other

fields of study.

National Sea Grim College and Program Act

authorized the establishment and operation of Sea

Gront Colleges and programs by initiating and supporting programs of education and research in the

various fields relining to the development of

marine resources.

Adult Zducation Actauthorized grants to States for

the encouragement and expansion of educational

programs for adults including training of teachers

of adults and demonstrations in adult education

(previously part of the Economic Opportunity

Act of 19641.

Model Secondary School for the Deaf Actauthorized the establishment and operation, by Gal laudet College, of a model secondary school for the

deaf to serve the Nations! Capital region,

Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments of

1966in addition to modifying existing programs,

authorized grants to assist States in the initiation, expansion, and improvement of programs and projects

for the education of handicapped children at the

preschool, elementary and secondary school

levels.

1967 Education Professions Development Actamended

the Higher Education Act of 1965 for the purpose

of improving the quality of teaching and to help

meet crkical shortages of adequately trained

educational personnel by authorizing support for

the development of information on needs for

educational personnel, training and retraining

opportunities responsive to changing manpower

needs, attracting a greater number of qualified

persons into the teaching profession, attracting

persons who can stimulate creativity in the arts

and other skills to undertake short-term or longterm assignments in education, and helping to

make educational personnel training programs

more responsive to the needs of the schools and

colleges.

Public Broadcasting Act of 1967established a

Corporation for Public Broadcasting to have major

responsibility in channeling Federal funds to noncommercial radio and television stations, program

production groups and ETV networks directly or

through contract; conduct research, demonstration, or training in matters related to noncommercial broadcasting: and authorized grants for

construction of educational radio as well as television facilities.

1968 Elementary and Secondary Education Amendments

of 1967--in addition to modifying existing program, authorized support of regional centers for

109

education of handicapped children, model centers

and services for deafblind children, and recruitment of personnel and dissemination of informstinn on education of the handicapped; technical

Lssistance in education to rural areas; support of

dropout prevention projects; and support of bilingual education programs. Also, in order to give

adequate notice of available Federal financial

assistance, authorized advance funding for any

program for which the Commissioner of Education has responsibility for administration by

authorizing appropriations to be included in the

appropriations act for the fiscal year preceding the

fiscal year for which they are available for obligation.

Handicapped Children's Early Education Assistance

Actauthorized preschool and early education

programs for handicapped children.

Vocational Education Amendments of 1968

changed the basic formula for allocating funds;

provided for a National Advisory Council on Vocational Education, expansion of vocational educa

tion services to meet the needs of the disadvantaged, the collection and dissemination of

information for programs administered by the

Commissioner of Education, and the preparation

of a catalog of all Federal education assistance

programs.

Higher Education Amendments of ,1968 provided

new programs to assist disadvantaged college students through special counseling and summer

tutorial programs and to assist colleges to combine

resources for cooperative uses, including closedcircuit television and computer networks. Also

authorized grants to expand and strengthen student cooperative programs and to expand program which provide clinical experience:, to law

students.

1970 Elementary and Secondary Education Assistance Programs, Extension (Public Law 91-2301authorized

comprehensive planning and evaluation grants to

State and local education agencies; provided for

the establishment of a National Commission on

School Finance.

National Commission on Libraries and Informat )n

Science Actestablished a National Commission on

Libraries and Information Science to meet the

needs of the people, to utilize effectively the

Nation's educational resources, and to cooperate

with State and local governments and public and

private agencies in as,,,ring optimum provision of

such services.

Environmental Education Actestablished an Office

of Environmental Education for the purpose of

curriculum development and initiation and maintenance of environmental education programs at

the elementary-secondary education levels; dissemination of information; the provision of training

programs for teachers and other educational, public, community, labor, and industrial leaders and

employees; community educatinn programs; and

the distribution of material dealing with environment and ecology.

Drug Abuse Education Act of 1970provided for the

development, demonstration, and evaluation of

2
curriculums on the problems of drug abuse; dissemination of information; training programs for

teachers, 1:ounselors, law -enforcement officers, and

other public leaders and officials; and community

education programs for parents and others on drug

abuse proolems.

There is no single total for Federal funds for

education that is meaningful for all purposes, but

there are many possible totals which may be constructed to service particuidr needs. This multiplicity

is probably due to the many kinds of assistance

provided, the differences in the manner of distributing assistance, and the special circumstances

which describe the program beneficiary, as each

program was legislatively tailored for its special

purpose. However, table 141 gives one summary

which the Office of Education has found useful. Part

I of this table, Federal Funds Supporting Education

in Educational Institutions, includes those programs

more frequently considered in the general category of

Federal aid to education. Part I is presented in two

parts, grants and loans, because of the obvious difference which requires repayments of loans but not

grants. Part II includes data for other programs which

may also be considered in determining Federal funds

for education.

In ccntrast with table 141 which shows program

amounts, table 142 shows where the money comes

fromthe Federal agencies which make the funds

available for the various education programs. This

table reveals that the Federal role in education and

reidted activities involves many Federal agencies and

varies from relatively insignificant amounts to more

than $6 billion for the Department of Health,

Education, and Welfare for the 1972 fiscal year. Nine

agencies report education amounts in excess of $100

million, exclusive of outlays for research and development. The support provided various levels of educationelementary-secondary, higher, and vocational-technical and continuing educationand

"other" programs is also shown.

A somewhat different view of the Federal educational involvement is brought into focus in table 143,

from the National Science Foundation publication

Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other

Scientific Activities, XIX. For example, to the extent

that federally supported research may be considered

to have largely education-related aspects, this table

shows federally supported educational activity taking

110

place in many institutions other then those formally

described as educational, including industrial establishments, federally operated facilities, and various

nonprofit establishments. Figures from the National

Science Foundation were also used to obtain the

research and development amounts reported in tables

141 and 142 for colleges and universities and for

Federal obligations to universities and colleges re

ported in table 147.

Table 144 gives additional information about the

programs for training grants, fellowships, and traineeships included in table 141. Figures for this tabulation, like those in tables 141 and 142, were obtained

from information provided the Bureau of the Budget

for "Special Analysis I," a chapter in its publication,

Special Analyses, Budget of the United States, Fiscal

Year 1972.

A summary of Office of Education disbursements

for the years from 1960 to 1972 for the several

programs authorized under various legislative enactments is presented in table 145. This table reveals the

Federal support pattern for the Office of Education

by showing changes in levels of support for different

educational activities and by noting the appearance of

new activities. Funds transferred to the Office of

Education from other Federal agencies for various

education services are presented at the end of table

145.

State-by-State data on Federal educational assistance from various Federal agencies are displayed in

tables 146, 147, and 148. Table 147 includes

amounts for higher education institutions only and is

based on Federal obligations during the 1969 fiscal

year reg%:-dless of when funds were spent by a

recipient institution. Higher education loans to

students and institutions, Federal expenditures for

Federal employee training, and veterans' education

benefits f..e not included in these higher education

figures.

In contrast with table 147, amounts reported in

tables 146 and 148 are actual outlays (expenditures)

for the fiscal year and are limited to payments to

State and local governments plus school lunch program amounts distributed directly to nonpublic

schools. Table 148 lists Office of Education payments

to State and local governments for fiscal year 1970,

while table 149 shows Office of Education funds

obligated for instructional materials and equipment.
2,838,439 3,212,418

Table 141. - Federal funds for education and related activities: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967,

and outlay for fiscal years 1988 to 1972

In thousands of dollars I Typo of support, level, and

program area 1982 1983 New obligationel authority 1984 1965 1988 Outlay 1967 1(188 1969 1970 1971

Intimated) 1972

(estimated)

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

Total yens end loam

Want, total

Elementarywcondary education

School assistance In federally

affected mu

Economic opportunity program'

National Defense Education Actequipment, guidance'

Supporting services'

Assistence for educationally

deprived children'

Teacher Corps Vocational education Dependents' schools abroad Public lands revenue for schools Assistance in special areas' Veterans' education Emergency school assistance

Revenue shoring

Other'

Higher education

PART I. Federal Funds Supporting Education in Educational Institutions

92,173,000 92,507,500 92,749,300 113.E5.700

1,153,200 2,171,700 2,360,600 3,379,900

119,779,579 1111,352,866 97,904,484 68,066,398 59,237,410

9,197,879 7,1111293 7,201,173 7,623,169 8,631,114

665,100 600,400 668,300 942,900 2,480,079 3,037,637 2,967,004

304,900 330,300 323,100

63,000 60,900 67,000

59,300 68,700 92,900

4,300 4,700 5,200

4,000 8,800 5,100

26,400 28,300 24,900

40,500 46,300 61,500

43,500 44,600 48,600

14,800 17,700 32,600

*Nos. 4,400 5,100 5,400

407,600

123,500

90,900

6,500

- 127,700

90,500

61,600

50,200

- - 4,500

433,900

404,300

104,400

173,100

959,000

6,500

184,678

88,100

64,100

88,800

- 5,200

469,137 506,372

721,257 628,633

109,200 109,009

273,651 280,481

1,067,465 1,058683

11,324 16,019

194,638 185,224

87,533 68,220

50,173 52,294

68,969 58,286

1,294 3,200

- 5,108 2,383

397,681 668,372

552,434 534,482

74,316 68,547

290,107 237,532

1,096,106 1,207,894

19,358 18,191

152,441 181,379

108,689 137,138

66,112 82,376

71,118 78,992

4,924 8,233

- - 5,353 13,282

910,701,124 $11,720,8411

10,117,151 11,417,986

3,604,604 4,083,489

511,688

573,901

48,768

231,677

1,458,507

26,635

235,993

144,663

79,527

170,532

10,698

99,853

- 14,062

486,589

827,180

41,000

255,188

1,528,905

29,289

257,678

165,088

87,719

187,651

11,929

300,000

92,000

13,315

1 210,300 1,397,900 1,480,400 2,052,500 Basic research in U.S. educational institutions proper' 802,900 091,600 898,600 Research facilities' 121,800 157,900 133,1500 Training grants 196,000 234,600 261,200

Fellowships and traineeships 103,900 143,000 181,800

Facilities and equipment 37,100 41,000 56,100

Other institutional support 33,000 43,400 69,500 Other student assistance 103,900 69,900 62,300

Other higher education assistance . 11,700 18,400 17 400 awe Vocationaltechnical and continuing

education (not clauifiable by

levell Vocational, technical, and work

training' Veterans' education General continuing education''

Training State and local personnel

Lowe, total WOW education)

Student (an program, National

Defense Education Act''

College facilities loans'

87,800 113,500 203,800

34,600 82,700 171,000

49,900 29,000 25,100

400 400 1,900

2,900 1,400 5,800 320.500 396,900 311111,11100

784,900

191,700

282,400

196,900

384,100

93,400

100,400

11.900

2 ,830,400 3,634,494 3,262,988 3,318,177 3,829,603 4,367,038 4,804,840

384,100

364,300

10,300

1,500

8,000

529,100

940,300

194,003

385,500

264,900

688,900

163,800

214,200

18,900,

1,032,823 1,081,818

250,568 199,790

383,608 361,116

350,162 320,303

822,203 549,382

169,925 139,637

590,586 608,883

64,619 2.059

857,400 939,152 971,181

1,020,905 990,726 1,032,997

238,516 235,459 197,864

404,990 843,764 890,910

247,840 191,271 198,424

482,387 374,087 350,312

173,066 178,168 230,813

740,498 1,003,694 1,458,781

9,975 12,546 10,935

1,368,553 1,589,093

'1,107,000

1,212,000

959,439

168,039

230,011

268,947

1,869,199

10,165

2,145,611 2.629,627

817,900

8,300

19,200

14,000

827,303 851,683

64,000 79,645

29,200 28,701

28,649 11,152

1,163,444 1,289,254

123,970 244,634

60,384 65,855

18,775 9,350

1,685,123 2,014,002

401,298 461,799

47,705

11,485 10,788

611,100 741.583 603,211 532,227 606,296 590,973 302,892

74,600 90,700 111,300 160,100 235,900

245,900 305,200 287,500 389,000 375,800

237,954 226,303

503,629 376,978

259,641 295,173

272,586 311,123

301,718

209,255

223,005

79,887

111

1
Table 141.-Federal funds for education and related activities: Obligations for fiscal years 1962 to 1967,

and outlay for fiscal yaan 1968 to 1972-Continued

thousands of dollars)

Type of support, level, and

Program ergs

New obligational authority 1962

1 2

Total 92,777,364

Applied r h Ind development' . School lunch end milk programs ..

Training of Federal personnel U.S. academies Prof onions' training, military

Civilian education and training In

nonFederal facilities

Library services

Grants to public libraries

National library services'

International education Educational exchange program .. Agency for International Development projects

Peace Corps

Other international education and

treining'4 Other Agricultural extension service . Educational television facilities Education In Federal correctional institutions

Wu, of surplus property

transferred: Acquisition cost of personal

property

Fair value of reel property

Other's

754,700

368,900

1,177,500

59,416

1,086,584

31,500

22 200

6,900

15 300

109,100

28,100

81,000

348,964

59,300

2,100

244,900

21,000

19,664

Outlay 1966 1987 1968 1909 1970

1 1 (estimated/ Intimated/ 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 PART II. Other Federal Funds for Education and Refined Activities

22,935,341 93,239,1351

805,700 906,300

379,300 411,700

1,279,600 1,370,400

69,009 119,796

1,1138,501 1,202,804

31,900 48,000

93,717,232

952,300

507,500

1,577,900

23,903,950

130,971

1,373,229

73,700

1,026,800

421,900

1,708,700

164,593

1,470,607

81,8r71 86 300

54,900

28 000

56,000

31 300

118,100 130,000 178,700 232,669

35,800

80,500

38,000

84,800

7,400

37,400

87,800

44,300 9 200

63,500

111,800

67,175

10,183

330,741 396,151 417,932 429,701

83,000

2,500

79,400

5,20

2,900

85,400 90,700

6,100 16,200

3,500 3,800

223,800 268,700 277,300 2',73,400 21,100 15,100 17,900 16,100

20,341 24,861 28,732 38,701

Includes Office of Economic Opportunity and Indian education programs.

Includes small amounts for National Defense Education Act loans to private

elementaryiecondory schools.

Includes supplementary canters, school library materials, strengthening State

education agencies, captioned films for the deaf, dissemination of information,

school counseling and testing, American Printing House for the 11111-A, planning

and evaluation, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration elementarysecondary schools program.

Includes Elementary and Secondary Education Act title I, handicapped children,

dropout prevention, bilingual eduation, and Kendall School for the Deaf.

'Includes District of Columbia, Canal Zone, territories and dependencies, Cuban

refugees, and payments in Ilan of taxes by the Atomic Energy Commission and

the Tennessee Valley Authority.

Include:, modal secondary school, educational exchange, National Science

Foundation science education, National Foundation on the Arts end the

Humanities, and Junior ROTC.

'Dear ere from Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other Scientific

Activities, annual publication. National Science Foundation. Includes university-copetated research ants, .

1972 amounts are estimated by the Office of Education.

'Includes adult vocational education, Manpower Development and Training Act,

programs for vocational-technical end continuinn education, work-incentive

activities, Cuban refugee assistance, development fealties in redevelopment

areas, Indian adult eduation, and adult education and manpower programs of

the Health Services and Mental Health Administration, Gelleudet College,

Foundation for the Arts and the Humanities, and the Small Business

Administration.

115 112

23.0311053 23,606,629 93,339,687 93,426,074 94 035,992 94,126,291

1,088,160

448,005

1,537,399

1,142,360

643,845

1,136,333

1,237,499

607,700

639,663

1,234,099

676,196

601,894

1,347,336

966,479

737,449

'1,444,000

027,547

727,116

133,002

1,309,949

141,599

923,470

170,488

375,106

184,262

402,040

220,761

502,089

221,498

490,629

94,449 73 264 94 290 15 392 14 619 15 093

141 381 186 124 170 135 185,711 :71

78,000 62,017 62,794 60,235 48,138 32,493

65 381 74,082 123,330 119 137,575 152,378

328,742 272,008 278,135 193,464 243,818 248,872

44,712 41,870 38,172 30,860 34,200 39,335

203,270 140,000 170,000 111,325' 170,260 171,936

41,944 43,841 44,096 29,160 23,064 19,720

38,816 48,697 25,668 23,139 18.102 15,881

388,378 372,994 400,356 460,426 566,401 597,1383 92,824 90,030 97,273 124,626 160,060 170.800 3,304 8,737 8,766 19,183 28,001 42,348

6,341 3,862 3,818 6,007 8,469 8,712

216,609 199,383 223,603 248,330 279,200 287.200

18,684 26,276 13,254 12,468 14,000 16,500

53,714 48,906 53,754 52,992 88.681 73,323

'Includes Office of Eduation and Department of the Interior (except Indians) adult beak education.

Includes National Defense Education Act and insured student loans.

Includes Department of Housing and Urban Development college housing loans

and Office of Education college facilities loans.

"Includes Library of Congress, Smithsonian Institution, General Services Administration, National Archives and Records Service, National Agricultural

Library, and Government Printing Office depository library and catalog and

Index activities. "Includes special foreign currency education research and training, U.S.

Information Agency education assistance, National Science Foundation international education activities, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration international eduation activities.

'Includes Office of Education end education programs end administration

rxpenditurm not included elsewhere.

NOTE. - because of the exclusion of some programs end because data are based

on Federal disbursements rather than the authority to spend, the figures since

1968 ars not strictly comparable with those for earlier years.

SOURCE: Compiled by the NaLonel Center for Educational Statistics, Office of

Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Pam information

collected by the Office of Management and Budget for its report, Special

Analyses, fludott of the United States, Fiscal Year 1972 Research data are from

Federal Funds 'or Resserch, Development, and Other Scientific Activities, XIX, National Science Foundation.
Table 142.-Federal funds for education and related activities, by agency: Estimated outlay, fiscal years 1970 to 1972 [In thousands of dollars) Agency Total Elementary-secondary education Higher education' Vocational.technice1 end continuing education Other' 1970 actual 1971 estimate 1972 estimate 1;10 actual 1971 estimate 1972 estimate 1970 actual 1971 estimate 1972 estimate 1970 actual 1971 estimate 1972 estimate 1970 actual 1971 estimate 1972 estimate

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Total $12,663,454 $1744.116 $15,1149,139 13,212415 $3,604,504 84.083,4102 $4,436.699 $4,95111.009 85,107.732 $1,559,0113 92.146.511 12,529,6271$3,426.074 64.035,992 $4,128,291 Department of health, Education. and Welfare . 6.130.305 5.638,278 6,204.726 2,379,237 2,629,892 3.135,307 2.172.193 2,293.489 2,286,856 191,981 269.421 330,497 386,894 445,476 452,066 Office of Education (4,010,990) 14.363.3741 14.633232112,358,7541 12,607,986112,984.755111,474,543111,547,720111,453,2371 (65295) 179,6541 182,6591 (111,898) 1128,0141 (113,081) Public Health Service (628,251) 1654,9941 1732,4511 - - - - - - - - 1623.9631 1661.1661 1728,5961 14,1861 132211 (3.7381 11021 11071 (1151 Social Rehabilitation Service (173,148) (235,9071 1293,0781 07,3391 117,4071 117.4001 133,8091 132,5001 131,6781 (122,0001 1186,0001 1244,0001 - -- - - - - - Other 1317,9161 1384,0031 1545.4651 13,1441 (4,4991 1133,1521 129,8781 (62.1031 (73,3431 - -- 1461 (100) 1274)3941 1317,3551 (338,8701 Department of Agriculture 844,287 1.167,408 1,144,397 39,287 36,519 41,324 - -- - - - - -- - - - 360 360 805,000 1,130,529 1.102,713 Department nf Commerce 7.759 10,368 9.200 - - - - - - - - 3,475 5,468 4,533 - - - - - - - - - 4,284 4,900 4,670 Department of Defense 833,689 877,805 886,852 145,363 153,948 175,572 620 684 707 - - - - - - - - - 687,706 723,173 710,573 Deportment of Housing and Urban Development 215,871 234,402 166,234 15,993 90,184 106.150 197,433 140,218 56,074 2,445 4,000 3,010 Department of the Interior 228230 289,546 307,995 189,168 221,036 250.495 5,948 9,399 18,359 33,060 39,051 39.065 54 60 76 Department of Justice 25,816 32,144 41,292 _ .... - - - - - - 17.722 22,252 29,000 3,087 3,423 3,580 5,007 6,469 8.712 Deportment of Labor 1,065.000 1,419,900 1,683,000

- - 53,800 72,100 -- - - - - - 1,065,000 1,366,100 1,610,900 - - - - - - - - Department of State 37,649 41,495 47,007 793 798 800 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 36,856 40,697 46,207 Department of Transportation 11,031 12,320 14.112 - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 11,031 12,320 141,132 Department of the Treasury 1,880 1,000 1,746 - - - - --- 1)380 1,000 1,746 --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - Agency for International Development 111,325 170.250 171,936- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 111,325 170,250 171,936 Appalachian Regional Development Commission 23.167 36.500 38.500 15.429 27,180 29.660 6.901 7,200 7,650 - -- - - - - -- 837 1,120 1,190 Atomic Energy Commission 15,789 13,548 9,223 6,122 5,485 2,089 9,350 7,733 6,792 94 110 112 203 220 230 Maria of Columbia (Office of Education estimate) 31,637 40,950 45,866 27,072 36,569 39,935 4,565 4.381 5,931 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Environmental Protection Agency 7,280 8.797 10.578 - - - - - - - - 6,938 8,454 9,995 - - - - - - 240 342 343 343 Government Printing Office 2,306 2,258 2,582 - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 2,305 2,258 2,582 Government Services Administration 6,770 7,996 8.464 --- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 6.770 7,996 8,464 Library of Congress 49,805 61,008 71,882 - -- - - --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - --- 49,805 61,008 71,882 Natimpfterorieutics and Space Administration 12,487 8,927 6.376 80 120 120 11,407 7,852 5,301 - -- - - - - - - 1,000 955 955 NatifriarYounclation on the Arts and the Hugrapities 15.527 34.529 56,819 76 287 1,435 2.502 9,486 13)362 12,949 24,756 42,322 - - - - - - - - - Naticiencs Foundation 106,865 110,145 82,457 1,901 1,925 105 104,184 107.520 82,352 - -- - - - - -- 780 700 - - - Office of Economic Opportunity 420.786 372,300 253,100 385,457 335,800 216,000 - - - - - - - - - 35.329 36500 37.100 - - - - - - - - Peace Corps 28.384 23,356 20,205 207 263 468 - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 28,177 23,093 19,737 Smell Business Administration 514 592 652 - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- 514 592 652 - -- - - - - - - 5mithoonien Institution 51.486 55.408 66.348 - - - - - - - - 90 589 798 - - - - - - - 51,396 54,819 65,550 U.S. Informetion Agency 2,203 2,270 2,293 -.- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 2.203 2,270 2,293 Veterans Administration 915.373 1,513,419 1,733.297 6.233 10,698 11,929 664,506 1,101,423 1,259,569 244,634 401,298 461.799 - -- - - - - - Research and development Ito educational institutions1-all Federal agencies- 2,460.284 2.578.197 2.763.000 - -- - - - -- 1,226,185 1,230,861 1,319,000 - -- - - - -- 1,234,099 1,347,336 1.444.000 Includes amounts for loon programs. 'Includes amounts shown in part II of the preceding table. SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational Statistics, Office of Education. US. Department of Health, Educati and Welfare, from information collected by the Office of Management and Budget for its report Special Analyses. Budget of the United - .ate;, Fiscal Year 1972. Research date are from Federal Funds for Research, Development, and Other Scientific Activities, XIX, National Science Foundation, with amounts for 1972 R&D estimated by the Office of Education.
Table 143.- Summary of Federal funds for research, development, and R&D plant: Fiscal years 1969. 1970, and 1971

(In millions of dollen]

item Actual Estimates

Item

Actual 1969 Estimates 1989 1970 1971 1970 1971

I 2 3 4 I 2 3 4 Total expenditures for research,

development, and R&D Plant

lesearch end development

R&D plant Total obligations for research,

development, and R&D plant ,i,---.---ser--

leseerch and development roue research Basic research Applied research

3evelopment

16D plant

Issearch and development:

Performen Federal intramural' Industrial firms'

Research and development centers

administered by Industrial firms . Universities and colleges'

Research and development centers administered by universities and

collages

Nonprofit institutions

Research and development center" administered by nonprofit institu- dons Other domestic performer'

Foreign Research Performer': Federal intramural' Industrial firms Research and development center"

administered by industrial firms

Universities and colleges

Research and development centers

administered by universities and

colleges

Nonprofit institutions Research and davelonment center" administered by nonprofit institutions Other domestic performer'

Foreign Field of science: Life sciences Psychology

Physical science' invironmentel sciences Mathematics Engineering Social sciences Other sciences Basic research Performer': Federal intramural' Industrial firms Research and development center"

administered by industrial firms

Universities end colleges ....... .. . Research and development center"

administered by universities and

colleges

Nonprofit institutions

Research and development center"

administered by nonprofit institutions Other domestic performers

Foreign

818,347.8 1118,154.0 818,180.8 Basic remarch--Continued Field of science: Life sciences Psychology

Physical sciences Environmental sciences Mathematics Engineering Social sciences Other sciences Applied research

Performer': Federal intramural' Industrial firms

Research and development center,

administered by industrial firms

Univenities end colleges

Research and development center'

administered by universities and

colleges

Nonprofit institutions

Research and development center'

administered by nonprofit

institutions

Other domestic performers

Foreign Field of science: Life sciences Psychology

Physical sciences Environmental sciences Mathematics Engineering . Social sciences Other sciences Development

Performer': Federal intramural' Industrial firms

Research and development centers

administered by Industrial firms

Universities and colleges

Research and development centers

administered by universities and

colleges

Nonprofit institutions

Research and development centers

administered by nonprofit

institutions

Other domestic. orforrners

Foreign R&D Plant: Performers supported: Federal intramural Industrial firms

Research and development centers

administered by industrial firms

Universities and college:

Research and development centers

administered by universities and

colleges

Nonprofit institutions

Research and development centers

administered by nonprofit

institutions

Other domestic performer'

Foreign

$ 589.1

54.7 819.3

.018.9

57.4

191.4

72.2

10.8

$ 585.7

54.8 797.0 405.0

81.2

210.8

74.3 4.3

$ 577.8

80.7 829.2

404.4

55.8 201.4

90.8

8.7

15,8902

857.0

15,481.4 672.6

15,441.3 719.6

11,308.2 11,362.4 111,19&4

15,837.2 15,899.8 15,837.8

5,238.8 6,484.4 6,989.8

2,093.8

3,145.0

2,172,8

3,311.7

2,228.6

3,743.0

1,195.5 807.6

40.0

643.0

138.7

180.8 44.9

82.9 31.8

1,302.4 885.4

40.1 661.8

138.7

167.0 48.3

85.5

18.7

1,403.1

1,004.5 39.2 750.9

140.0 217.9 43.9

102.0 41.3

10,398.4 10,215.2 9,888,3

689.0 892.7 560.5

15,837.2

3,498.4

8,897.5

427.1 1,538.0

722.4 387.4

241.5 95.8

51.3

15,899.8

3,859.5

8,858.7 424.3

1,500.3 724.8

351.4

244.7 98.7

39.8

15,837.8

3,738.5

8,231.8

432.2

1,648.8

730.6 423.3

239.3

131.4 84.2

932.2

48.7

349.9

231.8

58.5

1,337.4

147.8 68.9

945.2

55.9 383.7

238.2

82.3 1,407.0

180.2

79.3

1,088.2 79.9

370,8

292.1

76.1 1,528.0 218.8

91.0

1,772.1

1,178.3

69.9

1,408.8 394.0

250.4

48.2

78.0

43.4

1,924.2

1,319.9

70.5

1,374.7 404.3

238.4 49.3

78.5 28.5

2,063.5

1,425.4 89.0

1,502.9 420.0

288.0

47.1 114.5

51.2

1,728.4

7,521.2

367.2

127.4 328.4

118.9

193.3

19.6 8.0

1,735.3

7,338.8

353,8

126.5 320.2

114.9

195.5

20.2

13.0

1,683.1

8,8013.2 383.2

145.9 310.5

137.3

192.3

18.8

13.0ew=.

1,501.3

103.4 1,189.2

550.7

115.9 1,498.8

219.8 792

1,510.9

110.7

1,180.8 843.2

123.4 1,817.5 234.5

83.6

1,685,8

140.7 1,200.0

898,4

131.9 1.727.4 309.7

97,8 280.4 532

87.9

81.9

178.6 4.8

21.2

1.6

.9

250.4

81.5

74.3

54.1 181.4

3.8 88.9

.4

.2

232.4

56.5

54.4 44.4

153.4

1.2 17.7

.3

.3

578.8

368.7

29.8 785.8

256.4 89.8

3.3

13.1 11.8

821.9

434,6

30.4

723.1 287.8

89.4 3.0

13.0 9.8

860.4

420.9

29,8 752.0

280.0 SBA32

12.5 9.8

' Intramural activities cover costs associated with the administration of intramural and extramural pogroms by Federal personnel as well as actual intramural performance.

'Research and development funds to universities end colleges era overstated end

1.

research and development to industrial firms era understated by $10.2 millko: In

1 J60,19.9 million in 1970, and $10.4 million in 1971 for DOD (Defense agenciesl.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Federal Funds for Romorch, Dovslop- moat. and Other Scientific Activities. XIX. 114
Table 144.-Fellowship, traineeship, and training grant programs of Federal agencies:

Expenditures and number of participants, fiscal year 1970

(Amounts in thousand, of dollars]

Agency and program Amount

expended Number of pertici

pants

Agency and program Amount expended Number of pertici.

pants

1 2 3 1 2 3 Department of Health, Education, and Welfare Atomic Energy Corm WIWI

Office of Education: Faculty Institutes for college teachers $ 485 $ 293 Adult education training $ 1,010 1,727 Faculty institutes for high school

Civil rights education training 8,832 55,368 teachers 35 40 College personnel training program 528 Graduate fellowships and traineeships 8,278 2,771

College teacher fellowships 9,758 8,803 Postdoctoral fellowships 214 22 Early childhood training 4,500

Handicapped children teacher education , and recruitment 31,219 18,022

Environmental Protection Agency

Handicapped State grant training 3,107 31,000 Manpower development training 8,829 2,087

Improving education for lonincome

children 21,500 8,000 N1111011111 Aeronautics and SWIM

Improving preparation of education Administration . personnel 13,028 8,288

Language training and area studies 18,313 Graduate training grants 9,192 481 Librarian training 7,005 1,737 International fellowships 252 60 Meeting special ninth of educat'on Summer faculty fellowships 1,807 360

personnel 7,075 1,748 Undergraduate fellowships 158 37 National Defense Education Act

fellowships and institutes 57,309 National Foundation on the Arts and the Recruitment and training of education Humanities personnel 49,278 45,632

Research and development training 6,736 2,817 Elementary-secondary educational personnel

Strengthening developing institutions 27,731 - - training 19 50 Teacher institutes and guidance 9,719 Junior college faculty fellowships 47 - National institutes of Health: Postdoctoral fellowships 711 248 Graduate fellowships 5,737 1,085

Fogarty Center postdoctoral National Science Foundation

fellowships 740 142 Fogarty Center scholarships 48 8 Advance science education 2,189 3,000

Health minnows, support 307,145 90,000 Cooperative college-school sciences 4,785 6,000

Postdoctoral fellowships 44,409 2,486 Graduate fellowships and trainthships 34,381 8,000

Training grants 131,289 12,500 Institutional and research participation 4,035 3,000 Health Services and Mental Health Postdoctoral fellowships 1,831 90 Administration: Precollege institutes 30,453 45,000

Health manpower 134,597 4,856 Science faculty fellowships 3,014 210 Social and Rehabilitation Service: Social and Rehabilitation Service Smithsonian Institution

training 33,809 15,000

Woodrow Wilson Center fellowships 90 - - Department of Housing and Urban Development

Urban studies fellowships 509 101 SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational Statistics, Office of obtained from the Office of Management and Budget for Special Analyses, Duds*,

Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, from information of the United Stem, Fiscal Year 1972.

115
Table 145.-Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1972 [In thousands of dollarsl Legislative program 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 197V 1972' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Total $459,955 $527,825 1647,406 $835,210 $573,005 $172,021 $2.024,4211 $3,075,349 68.813,475 $3.472,763 64,111,598 $4,483,321 $4,737,700 Elementary and Secondary Education Act' . .. . 811 1,095 1,247 1,521 1,648 1,712 816,962 1,252208 1,327,723 1,359,843 1.412,949 1,651,586 1,744,430 Title I. Educationally deprived children - -- - - - --- - - - - -- 746,904 1,056,621 1.049,116 1.073.033 '1,170,355 '1.405,250 1,463,169 Title II. Library resources - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 47,871 92505 91,054 64530 44,670 51,472 73438 Title III, Supplementary education centers . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 10,938 74.961 161,256 194,058 158,781 143,478 142,:i32 Title V. Strengthening State departments of education. 811 1,095 1,247 1.521 1,648 1,712 11,269 28,121 26,297 27,463 29,247 29,335 33,475 Title VII. Bilingual education - - , - -- - - --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - 456 6,192 17,298 23,151 Title VIII. Dropout prevention --- - - - --- - - - - - - --- - - --- - - - 303 3,704 4,753 8,845 pchool assistance in federally affected areas .. . . 258,198 278,782 282,909 343,111 334,289 349,671 409.593 447.074 506,372 397,581 656,372 511,688 486.569 ) Maintenance end operation 174$50 207,749 226,419 276,869 283,688 311413 353,851 399,858 470,887 374589 620.463 479273 460,654 Construction 83,348 71,033 56,490 66,242 50,601 38.258 55,742 47,216 35,485 22,992 35,909 32,415 29,915 Higher Education Act - - - - - - - - - - - - 22.569 35.232 238.498 365,884 315,480 531,090 594,492 929,750 Title I. University community services - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3526 14,774 9,897 8,186 10,693 603 9475 Title II. Library programs:' College library resources - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -' - - - - 8,380 48,906 - - - 34,0113 10.010 5.723 Library treining - -- - - - --- - - - - - - - -- 789 11,381 3,005 7.005 3,965 3,590 Acquisition and cataloging of Library of Congress - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 300 3,478 5.478 5,500 5,721 6,944 - - - Title III. Strengthening developing institutions - -- - - - --- - - - --- - - - --- 4,919 22,428 26.944 27,731 33,097 34,105 Title IV, Student assistance: Equal opportunity proms - - --- - - - - - --- - - - 50,916 103,104 91,184 Work-study program and cooperative 314.652 323,440 575,000 education - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 22,569 30,634 106,263 111,812 95,058 Insured loans - -- - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 15,934 28,947 49,118 98.330 133,993 211,363 Student loans insurance fund - - --- - - --- - - - - -- - - - --- -714 2,323 4,719 6,642 Title V. National teacher corps --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - 362 12,521 16.019 19,358 18.191 26,635 29,289 Title VI. Undergraduate instructional assistance: Television and other equipment - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 20523 5,415 14,553 4,968 3,120 5,303 Special programs for disadvantaged- Talent search and remedial assistance . . Special services for disadvantaged- --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - 10 1 2.497 469.. 7,437 47,966 49,260 Upward Bound - -- - - - - -- - -- - - - - -- - - - - - 2,828 Higher Education Facilities Act - - - - - - ' - - - - - - - - 2,988 105,526 276,762 461,965 414,967 437,387 374,190 201,396 Title I. Public community colleges and technical institutes - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 14,097 58,152 90,202 69,304/ 317,227 296,098 161.594 Other undergraduate facilities - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 34,642 121475 236,861 199,337 State administration and planning - -- - - - -- - - --- 1,288 1,675 2,115 5,066 4$85 5.961 6,145 5,499 Major disaster area --- - - - --- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 147 284 Title II. Graduate facilities --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - 4,220 13,978 37,970 46524 --- - - - - - - Title III. College construction loans - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 1,700 50,892 81.042 101,719 94,233 114.119 71,037 21,675 Construction loans interest subsidization . . . .. - - - - - .. - - - ... -' - --- - - - - - - 1,000 12,628
Vocational education' Vocational Education Act of 1963 George-Barden and supplemental acts Smith-Hughes Work-study program and cooperative education Innovative programs in vocational education and research National advisory council Transfer to Department of Labor for manpower projections and studies State advisory councils Consumer and homemaking education Education professions development Preschool, elementary, and secondary teacher training programs' Preschool, elementary, and s condary training grants to States Higher education training programs Public Library Services and Construction Act Public library services Construction Interlibrary cooperation State institutional library service Library services to physically '-1 handicapped Educational improvement for the handicapped . . Education for the handicapped Teacher education and recruitment Research and innovation Captioned films and media services Early childhood education National Defense Education Act Title II. Student loans and cancellations Title 111. Instructional assistance: Grants and loans" Title IV. College teacher fellowships Title V. Guidance, counseling, and testing .. Tide VI. Language development:. Language and area centers, fellowships, and research Research and development Training and research Construction Research and development and educational media research and dissemination" See footnotes at end of table. 45,179 47,769 51,762 55,176 54,503 131,054 128,468 226,163 255,224 256,595 285,568 381,636 436,253 45,179 47,769 51,762 55,176 54,503 128,327 118,396 215,066 250,197 237,539 271.282 320,606 367268 - -- - - - - - - 2,727 10,072 11,097 5.027 4,099 5,322 21,144 17,411 - - - - -- - - - ... - -- - - - - -- - - - - - - 1,357 1,593 19,039 38.441 .. - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - - - - 94 259 380 . - . - - - - - - ... - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - - - 2218 2.380 2.380 .. - - - - -- - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 136C0 5,059 18,208 10,373 8,683 12,750 13,893 14,237 13,969 36.679 42,147 56,407 60,217 49,655 104,671 116 719 117,528 8,683 12,750 13,893 14,237 13,969 36,679 42,147 55.417 58,387 42,078 72,924 76,483 71,514 - -- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 2,085 21,500 24219 33,957 - -- - -- - - - - -- 990 1,884 5,492 10,247 15,517 12,057 6,056 6,153 6,932 7,345 7,443 26,111 40,915 57,407 62,017 62,794 52,687 50,538 34,721 6,056 6,153 6,932 7,345 7,443 22,376 25,000 32,553 32,391 30,722 30.146 33,281 18,520 - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 3,735 15,915 23,923 26,615 26,897 17,527 11,724 10,700 - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 352 1,096 2,131 1,671 1,951 2,007 --- - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 345 1,175 1,959 1,951 2.182 2,127 - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 234 740 1,085 1,392 1,400 1,367 380 997 1,191 2,587 4,982 15,327 15,366 26,940 40,955 56228 79,065 88,886 102,149 - - - --- - - - --- - - - - -- - - - 3 7,867 22.088 31,073 33,009 34,393 308 814 943 2,337 2,466 12,823 10,448 21,968 24,162 21,680 31219 30,737 33,430 --- - - - - -- - - - 1,016 1,004 3227 4,185 8,277 9,737 12,515 16,889 21,855 72 183 248 250 1,500 1,500 1,691 784 649 2,640 4,258 4,851 5,781 --- - - - --- - - - _ _ --- - - - - - - - - - 83 - - - 3,400 6,690 117,965 153,608 158,801 175,154 216,338 232,287 320,172 338,015 370,034 353,869 332,898 371,080 98.661 40,326 57,491 74,532 91,841 111,729 135,538 177,384 181,001' 182,825 196,621 194,520 243,006 5,000 49,848 56,218 39,510 34,010 56,131 50,615 76,175 69,438 85,916 52,328 58,547 46,768 41,000 4,620 11,451 17,313 19,604 .9,680 20,695 31,974 52,591 60,650 70,337 63,518 66.003 41,606 12,870 15,686 14,064 15,162 13,710 17,322 22,017 22,779 7.3,393 21988 - - - - - - - - - 10,301 12,762 13,382 14,537 15,088 8,117 12,612 12,207 17,550 12,595 16,313 15,303 11,055 6,004 7,878 7,461 9,910 12,712 18,264 31,245 73,227 79,955 84,714 87,823 94,204 113,692 - - - - - - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - 6,548 4,832 4,470 6,736 5,923 3,947 --- - - - - - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 1,171 333 490 1,917 9,622 12,888 6,004 7,878 7,461 9,910 12,712 18,264 31245 65,508 74,790 79,954 79,170 78,659 96,857
Table 145. -Office of Education expenditures, by legislative program: Fiscal years 1960 to 1972Continued [In thousands of dollars) Legislative program 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971' 1972' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Adult basic education - - - - - - - - - - - - $ 3.146 $33,616 $28,336 $28,701 $37,527 443.464 $50,239 $55,615 Civil rights activities - -- - - - - -- - - - - -- 1,292 5,291 8.798 7.437 8,239 10,6013 20.193 12,798 Land -rant colleges $ 5.052 $ 5,062 $10,744 $14,500 $14,500 14,500 14,500 14,500 14,500 14.550 21.961 12,680 2,500 Special foreign currency program-training. fuladdl, and study (grants to American institi 'ons oversees) - -- 1 6 20 138 129 500 1.199 857 364 774 1,587 2.353 Educational broadcasting facilities' ' - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3.756 4.163 5,001 7.348 ,Follow Through --- --- - - - - -- --- - - -- - - - 1.900 t mammy sdlool attestant:a --- - - - --- - - - - - - --- - - - --- - - - --- - - - 99,853 300,000 Rational Foundstion of Higher Education - - - --- - - - --- --- - - - --- - - - - --- - - - 30,000 Office of Education Wanes and expenses. I including technical services, planning and evaluation, and computer services 11,608 13,568 12,664 12,041 14,251 17,732 25,901 38.514 40,906 44,754 47,714 59.159 60,037 Consolidated Working Fundnet advenass and reimburMlnents +29 -28 -202 -392 -1 768 -1,440 -1.026 .609 -9,325 +11,877 +2,404 - - - - - - Expenditures from funds transferred to the Office of Education by other Feder* agiencies:'" Manpower Development and Training Act" . . . - - - - - - - - - 30.925 64.777 93.715 75.5-12 99.497 99,451 103,691 121.451 - - - - - - Educational television facilities - -- - - - - -- - - - 1,962 3,130 4.663 8,222 6.737 0 0 - -- Mutual sachems activities (foreign currency) --- - - - --- - - - - -- 1.778 1.592 1,596 1.434 1,303 930 --- Appalachian Regional Development and Training Act' --- - - - - -- - - - - - - - - - 1,856 21.753 22,383 27,128 Cuban Refugee Program - - - 551 5.196 9,155 9,603 9.479 9.302 13,765 16,990 18,377 19.488 - - - Office of Econornic Opportunity - -- - - - - - - - - - 26,105 54,681 "6,903 "686 2,250 38.234 Consolidated Working Fund--grow outlay ... . 62 93 3,068 1,959 2,250 2,615 10.515 " -749 11,395 14,763 6.1So - - - Estimated. 'Title VI for education of the tundicapped is not included hens but is included under "Educational improvement for the Includes sonw elementaryiecondery school expenditures from expired accounts. Includes title ft, National Defense Education Act INDEA). 'Amounts for college library improvement ere included under reseerch and development. Amounts for vocational research are included under research and development. Includes funds for teacher training institutes (after 19139) provided under the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act and NDEA. 'Includes insistence under the National Foundation on the Arts and the Humanities Act. 9 Includes Fulbright-!ayes Act. ' Includes amounts for college library improvement and vocations' research in addition to other R&D funds - '' ' Amounts for this activity supported with transferred funds prior to 1960. "Amounts listed below are not included in the Office of Education expenditure totals- " Includes amounts for Area Redevelopment Act. "Funds transferred prior to 1967 are included in the Consolidated Working Fund. "Some 0E0 transfers also included in the Consolidated Working Fund. "Reflects correction for prior yew. SOURCE: Compiled by the National Center for Educational Statistics and the Office of Administration, Off ice of Educa- tion, US. Department of Health. Education, and Welfare.
Table 14'3 -Federal grants to Stets and local governments for elementary and secondary schools,

by agency and by Stets: Fiscal year 1969

(In thousands of dollars)

State or other area Total Office of

Education,

Department

of Has Ith,

Education, and Welfare'

Department of Agricultural'

Department

of the

Interior'

1 2 3 4 5 Total 82,558,316 81,848,652 6601.243 8111,421 Alabama 72,961 54,454 18,507 Alaska 18,596 15,194 722 2,880 Arizona 32,986 22,951 4,942 6,073 Arkansas 41,331 31,831 9,700 California 217,979 185,427 32,229 323 Colorado 32,447 25,710 6,709 28 Connecticut 22,704 18,738 5.988 Delaware 7,433 5,932 1,501

District of Columbia 4,210 2,8'7 1,593 Florida 77,078 55,501 21,519 58 Georgia 86,929 82,744 24,185 Hawaii 15,496 12,197 3,299

Idaho 10,414 7,725 2,248 443

Illinois 90,390 68,735 21,855

Indiana 41,755 27,713 14,042

lows 38,427 28,245 10,088 114 Kansas 30,047 22,639 7,380 48 Kentucky 81,539 47,228 14,311 Louisiana 81,791 42,489 19,302 Maine 11,571 8.637 2,934

Maryland 45,198 36,891 8,506 Massachusetts . 55,132 40,290 14,842

Michigan 81,404 64,114 17,290 Minnesota 48,221 34,335 13,073 813 Mississippi 64,211 '51,598 12,596 15 Missouri 66,951 43,964 12.967 Montana 12.452 ' 10,243 1.583 858 Nebraska 17,529 12,730 4,517 282 Nevada 5,154 4,198 706 250 New Hampshire 8,478 4,875 1,L01

New Jersey 53,320 43,641 9,879 New Mexico 28,983 20,715 4,684 3,564 New York 139,278 99,664 38,824

North Carolina 105,809 79,604 26,169 38 North Dakota 11,558 8,697 2.389 472 Ohio 90,794 66,204 24.590 Oklahoma 44,933 34,878 8,941 1.120 Oregon 21,186 15,992 5,188 28 Pennsylvania 118,940 90,202 28,738 Rhode Island 9,864 8,369 1,505 South Carolina 56,387 42,342 14,025 South Dakota 16,635 12,896 2,322 1.817

Tennessee 85,031 47,482 17,649 Texas 182,582 131,815 30,787 Utah 18,498 11,383 4 .930 185 Vermont 4,342 3,181 1,181

Virginia 85,954 68,729 17,225

Washington 36,592 28,472 7,479 641 West Virginia 29,594 22,377 7,217 Wisconsin 39,212 27,231 11,981

Wyoming 5,021 4,073 922 26 Other 47,061 33,380 13,519 152

Includes Elementary and Secondary Education Act, National

Defense Education Act, humanities 'ducat on, aid to fedarally affected areas, vocational education, educational improvement for the handicapped, Teacher Corps, and civil

rights education.

'Includes amounts for cash and commodity distributions for

public and private school food services.

119

'Includes Indian education and welfare services 18162116.500)

and resources management 42,1346661.

SOURCE: Data from the 1969 Re port of We Secretory of OM

Treasury, supplemented by Department of Agriculture tabu

lesions for food services.

CV 10
Tibia 147.- Fadiral obligations to unlyorsithts and colleges, by agency and by State: Fiscal you 19891

Iln thouunds of dollars]

State or other area

Department or agency

Total Agriculture Other'

Atomic

Energy Commission Commerce Detente Health, Education' and Wel fare

Interior Net iial Aeronautics end SW*

Administration National Science Foundation

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 a 9 10 I I Total 84,370,312 8166,932 841111,704 414,003 8422,103 82,317,034 824,324 8287,1144 8306,383 11181,1103 Alabama 46,023 4,842 103 1,105 34,530 324 1,106 1,349 1,664 Alsolta 9,415 781 271 67 3,678 1,581 163 712 1,824 338 Alison* 28,992 1,536 e13 3,278 13,364 334 1,462 6,845 1,601 Arkanue 20,682 3,988 177 76 27 14,745 130 165 664 621 California 372,699 6,000 17,061 58 34,121 223,832 2,005 24,893 56,296 9,583 Colorado 63,427 1,966 1,271 746 3,708 33,123 1,130 3,172 6,668 1,592 Connecticut 67,316 890 3,906 2,591 39,841 207 814 6,972 2,064 Delaware 6,934 791 66 948 4,181 133 28 723 66 District of Columbia . 70,276 111 297 78 4,757 60,130 66 1,225 2,687 941 Florida 72,937 2,381 1,649 205 6,960 46,497 1,030 1,176 11.485 1,354

atorgio 66,663 6,192 1,151 215 2,213 39.006 621 1.287 4,030 1,938 Hawaii 17,721 928 617 70 2,356 10,544 128 1,009 1,849 320

Idaho 6,770 1,445 40 17 178 4,184 139 616 171

Illinois 170,260 4,636 10,733 152 20,442 104,152 838 3,788 21,973 3,538

Indian. 77,141 4,374 3,823 10 4,791 50,503 347 1,189 11.226 788

Iowa 49,260 4,303 280 2,811 34,789 249 1.818 4.187 832 Kansas 40,331 2,800 1,077 1,047 29,464 184 560 4.180 1,019

Kentucky 37,546 5,598 257 146 2,131 26,072 140 245 1,434 1.517 Louisiana 45,790 3,417 332 1,068 35,521 268 568 3.669 957 Maine 6,961 1,300 2 78 62 4,008 125 770 496 Maryland 77,701 1,861 4,768 103 5,643 55,095 321 2,774 5,899 637 44asuchwetts 273,401 1,661 13,461 216 55,629 131,047 991 30,531 24,178 6,707

Michigan 142,358 4,612 5,588 173 12,573 95,893 1,174 3,335 14,512 4.498 Minnesota 65,190 3,984 1,849 45 2,916 47,036 334 2,387 5.458 1,201

Mississippi 29,962 4,972 38 123 507 21,772 133 381 1,363 693 Misiourl 78,661 4,491 718 3,860 50,561 144 615 7,531 1.624 Montano 10,164 1,145 es 66 178 6,620 500 23 737 490 %breaks 22,113 2,601 115 70 17,036 77 1,748 498 Vaud* 4,497 762 244 22 239 1,809 717 135 404 166

`Sew Hampshire 12,701 917 62 461 7,924 141 1,687 1,417 102

eew Jersey 93,600 1,664 3,718 50 4,875 86,338 325 4,471 10,530 1,529 Vow Msuico 25,282 1,402 122 54 6,307 11,627 647 2,383 1,887 963 Yew York 362,214 4,645 17,271 200 24,297 262,261 1,833 5.712 40,276 5,919 earth Carolina 101,639 7,049 2,638 136 6,639 74,311 471 1,359 7,828 2,306 earth Dakota 9,996 1,906 46 1,185 5,930 103 13 726 178 Dtsio 121,837 5,135 2,555 9,328 90,661 436 1,574 9,835 2.323 Dklattoms 30,489 3,290 162 261 1,488 20,145 247 363 3,521 973 Drown 46,153 2,064 1,132 16 2,166 31,068 962 220 6,190 1,326

lennsylvenia 171,587 6,297 6,030 28 12,478 115,966 841 3,855 23,109 4,103

lhode Island 16,721 775 691 3,264 8,049 16e 181 3,820 863

iouth Carolina 21,482 3,567 161 737 14,918 164 60 1,562 333 Wuth Dakota 9,263 1,732 66 113 4,719 864 18 1,271 491 Ninnies's 64,477 4,752 2,181 2,256 50,020 122 640 3,310 1.197 Fees 133,416 7,706 2,980 111 11,187 90,699 951 5,552 11.650 2.688

Jtah 36,397 1,396 1,173 30 6,203 22,184 718 382 2,997 1,312 Vermont 13,075 1,071 76 462 11,394 71 144 458 Virginia 42,184 4,212 533 2,108 27,927 231 1,278 5,018 877

liashington 73,089 2,472 2,948 2,964 53,604 1,170 629 8,432 870 Nut Virginia 18,117 2,664 7 658 12,828 254 251 562 893 Nisconsin 77,461 4,096 3,446 372 1,628 61,664 530 1,837 9,742 4,168

Ryoming 5,749 1,022 108 26 10 2,360 680 315 1,220 110 3thar 19,902 4,232 2,448 61 12,226 63 115 296 461 'ideally funded

research devaloP mint canters 916,872 540,762 57 143,366 23,668 160,619 28,421

Dollars reflect actual obligations of 12 Federal agencies during the fiscal you, re

girdles, of when funds were went by a recipient institution. Excludes repayable

Irons to students and institutions as welt ...mounts for Federal employee Vain133

Includes Ow Office of Economic Opportunity and the Departments of Housing

and Urban Development, Labor, and Transportation.

SOURCE: National Mimes Foundation, federal Support. to Uniorraltin, Colleper,

and &hood Nonprofit Institutions, fiscal Year 1969.

120
Toble140,-FederalgrantsloSuleandlocalgovernmilsadnMnbloradby00110fficoofEducallon,byprogremsmdbyStmlo: Fiscalyear1070

(In thousands of dollars'

State or other area Total

2

Total

3

Elementary.secondary

Elementary and

Secondary and National Defense Edu

cation Acts' 4

education programs

Manpower

Development and Training Act Higher education' Libraries

and commu, ry

services' Other' Aid to

hick/rally all acted

areas 5

Vocational education 6

Other elementary.

secondary

programs'

1 7 8 9 10 11 Total $2,904,327 $2,473,588 $1,471,172 11061,315 11121111,736 11152,363 111171,000 8767,017 111100,706 626,607 Alabama 82,980 69,986 48,977 11,533 8,418 1,058 3,342 4,818 7 300 2,644 Alaska 22,150 19,920 2,038 16,003 815 164 662 1,074 478 le

Arizona 33,242 28,340 11,907 14,461 1,690 282 914 2,775 1.003 210 Arkansas 30,995 33,727 26,382 4,029 2,653 663 132 1,127 1,373 36 California 271,890 235,211 106,062 101,672 22,562 4,915 9,649 20,413 6,284 333 Colorado 37,777 29,742 13,030 5,187 1,023 502 3,142 3,938 926 30 Connecticut 28,135 21,510 12,775 4,518 3,346 871 766 3,812 1,380 668 Delaware 10,365 8,405 4,637 2,111 1,619 38 341 755 962 2 District of Columbia 77,628 30,300 20,338 8,645 712 606 8,709 37,131 1,281 227 Florida 97.903 84,742 48,129 23,720 10,622 2,271 3,135 6,536 3,307 183 Georgia 84.033 75,100 45,135 20,489 8,297 1,179 863 4,209 2,648 1,213 Hawaii 22,877 20,983 3,525 15,631 1,595 232 332 762 733 87

Idaho 11,038 8,540 4,422 2,893 1,109 116 635 1,318 826 19

Illinois 114,269 9P 056 61,052 17,873 17,3:3 1,963 3,831 8,936 3,267 179

Indiana 53,849 41,228 22,379 3,948 13,885 1,018 3,123 174 2,489 36

Iowa 31,188 25,170 19,466 2,977 1,976 751 460 3,585 1,930 43 Kansas 37,856 30,566 13.664 10,536 5,988 382 2,813 2,990 1,453 32 Kentucky 62,601 53,989 37,155 8,842 8,936 1,058 606 3,424 1,899 2,683

Louisiana 60,270 50,276 37,121 5,600 6,643 912 663 8,458 2,883 20 Maine 11,649 8,699 3,366 3,249 1,868 215 454 1,747 731 18 Maryland 74,386 64,620 22,637 33,819 7,312 852 3,923 2,931 1,668 1,254 Massachusatts 59,750 46,043 22,555 15,959 6,254 1,275 4,272 8,973 1,964 478 Michigan 79,832 62,858 40,712 5,319 14,737 2,088 5,033 8,438 3,196 310 Minnesota 40,097 30,509 22,567 4,003 2,678 1,261 2,929 4,815 1,186 358 Miuissippi 56,810 4,049 35,490 5,801 6,107 651 3,292 2,727 1,499 1,243 Missouri 50,685 38,315 25,164 10,446 1,542 1,163 3,908 5,605 2,317 540 Montana 11,945 9,214 3,940 4,909 249 116 773 1,317 596 46 Nebraska 13,269 9.653 3,241 6,151 74 187 227 2,701 688 Nevada 9,476 1,603 5,775 612 160 166 610 664 .3 New Hampshire 8,891 6,376 3,133 2,283 848 112 283 1,658 668 8 New Jersey 68,593 55,370 32,243 10,768 11,078 1,281 4,413 5,974 2,783 53 New Mexico 32,852 29,623 11,614 14,318 2,663 1,028 358 1,782 1,066 23 New York 255,691 221,307 178,616 22,974 15,941 3,776 9,258 16,320 7,528 1,278

North Carolina 99,099 85,443 59,936 13,728 10,334 1,445 2,983 6,187 2,905 1,601 North Dakota 12,688 11,065 6,185 4,605 93 182 61 826 718 18 Ohio 103,812 81,220 53,730 12,377 12,806 2,307 6,853 11,038 3,692 1,009 Oklahoma 46,276 37,226 19,472 13,734 3,116 904 2,816 4,526 1,662 47 Oregon 21,725 17,091 10,291 3,287 2,874 8319 396 3,264 853 121 Pennsylvania 117,990 99,025 68,713 10,643 16,967 2,702 5,716 7,439 4,566 1,244 Rhode Island 13,200 10,920 4,859 4,646 1,266 150 88 1,368 786 38 South Carolina 56,900 62,165 33,261 10,520 7.694 690 680 1,074 1,904 1,177 South Dakota 14,436 12,511 6,625 4,411 1,244 231 185 665 1,067 18 Tennessee 68,144 68,624 38,699 8,749 9,588 1,688 2,E39 3,062 2,376 1,163 Taxes 170,348 148,788 94,910 40,378 10,446 3,054 661 14,181 6,653 76 Uteh 19,215 15,653 3,852 10,484 1,167 160 366 2,569 612 16 Vermont 5,755 3,890 3,048 221 578 43 247 1,089 509 20 Virginia 103,637 91,023 34,468 45,403 9,623 1,529 3,655 4,141 2,151 2,767

Washington 46,781 37,907 17,005 14,224 6,594 1,084 3,695 3,929 1,237 13 West Virginia 29,831 23,013 19,050 610 2,720 633 825 2,556 1,190 2,247 Wisconsin 42,273 31,508 21,828 2,324 6.600 766 3,774 5,343 1,618 30 Wyoming 6,740 5,216 2,303 2,158 660 105 192 713 640 .13 Outlying areas 39,160 35,478 23,978 7,919 3,177 404 926 1,355 1,401 Adjustments or undistributed 15,345 11,248 3,882 3,757 2,995 614 326 2,485 206 1,080

' Includes elementary-secondary school assistance under the Elementary and Secondary Education, National Defense Education, and Arts and Humanities Acts.

'Inch.Jas Teacher Corps (118,191,272), educational improvement for the handl.

capped 1831,072,5291, and civil rights education (83,099,3241.

'Includes education professions development 1167,701,219), land-grant college

assistance 182,600,0001, and higher education f -.Akio' assistance (1191,716,0601.

'Includes public library and community services, adult basic education, ilium

tional T.V. and radio facilities, and public library construction,

121

'Includes civil defense educe ion 183,662,807), public works and economic development 182,960,4081, and Appalachia 120,279,4551.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: Compiled by the National Cantor for Educational Statistics, Office of

Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.

3
Table 149.Offia. of Education funds obligated for instructional materials and equipment, by program:

Fiscal year 1970

/In thousands of dollars)

Procram Total

2 9290.11611

Instructional materials Audio- visual materials

- nstructional equipment Audio. visual- _-

Other Printed and published materials Books 3 949,970

Other 4 991,144

6 931,704

0

$311,393

7 Total $811,946

Elementary and secondary education activities:

Assistance for educationally deprived children

(Elementary and Secondary Education Act

title I) 118,000 8,000 88,000 10,000 12,000 20,000

School library materials (Elementary and

5condwy Education Act title 111 35.390 23,590 1,180 10.820 Su; ernentary educational centers and services

;Pl.mentary and Secondary Education Act

title MI 8.253 1 2.390 1,957 3,906

Instructional eshstance (National Defense Education Act title 1111 31,458 1'1 5,136 3,850 22,470 la 1 Expansion and improvement of vocational education 62,575 5,630 8,900 128 117 47,800

Library end community services:

Public library services 7.518 5.600 233 833 285 565 Adult basic education 4,820 4,245 17 650 Community services and continuing education

pfogreme (Higher Education Act title 419 6 300 100 3 10 Library resources (Higher Education Act title II 9,900 6,732 496 2,673

Educational improvement for the handicapped: Teacher education 295 80 eo 90 66 10 Research and demonstration 153 8 75 20 40 10 Captioned films for the deaf and media services 2,079 24 130 1,425 600 Funds for books cannot be distinguished and ere included in column 4.

funds for other equipment cannot be distinguished and e e included with audiovisual equipment.

'a

122

SOURCE: Special tabulation by the Office of Management Informs ion, Office of

Education, U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.
Chapter V

Selected Statistics Related to Education in the United States

This chapter consists of a collection of miscellaneous tables which do not fit readily into one of the

other chapters. They were selected because they are

closely related to education in the United States and

are of general interest. They are arranged in five

major categories: (1) Employment status and job

opportunities of persons completing educational programs and of school dropouts, (2) international

education, (3) library statistics, (4) research and

development, and (5) equal educational opportunity.

Included in the first group of tables are data from

the Bureau of Labor Statistics on the labor force

status and employment of recent high school graduates and dropouts. Other tables provide informatinn

from the College Placement Council on the salaries

offered candidates for bachelor's, master's, and

doctor's degrees.

The section on international education contains

data from the Institute of International Education on

American college students and college faculty abroad

and on foreign students enrolled in American institutions of higher education. Also included is a table

showing Office of Education data on the enrollment

of foreign students in each State in the fall of 1968.

Two other tables provide statistics from the United

Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) on population and school enrollment for the world, the continents, and selected

countries. The figures in these latter tables show

general magnitudes only, but they are suitable for

making rough comparisons among countries. The

enrollment estimates were prepared in a variety of

ways and for different years, and the enrollment

groupings by level are not strictly comparable from

one country to another.

The third group of tables contains Office of

Education statistics on public libraries, college and

university libraries, and special libraries serving the

Federal Government. There is a table from the

American Medical Association on health sciences

libraries. Also included in this section are data from

Publisher's Weekly and the Library Journal on trends

in the prices of books and periodicals.

The fourth group of tables relates to the general

area of research and development. Included is a table

showing the number and median salary of scientists

on the National Register of Scientific and Technical

Personnel by field and by type of employer. Another

table contains Office of Education estimates of

expenditures for educational research. Other tables,

utilizing data obtained from the National Science

Foundation, show the amounts and sources of funds

used for research and development. Statistics on

Federal funds for research and development are not

included in this section but may be found in chapter

IV.

The final group of tables was derived from the

Commissioner's report on Equality of Educational

Opportunity, released by the Office of Education in

1966, and from a recent press release distributed by

the Office of the Secretary of Health, Education, and

Welfare.

123
Table 150.-College enrollment and labor force status of 1970 high school graduates, by sex, color, and marital status of women:

United States, October 1970

(Numbers in thousands(

Item

Civilian non.

institutional

population

Civilian labor force

Not in

labor Number force As percent of population

Employed

Unemployed Number As percent of Number Percent civilian labor force

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Both saxes Total 2,757 100.0 1,536 55.7 1,268 26e 17.4 1,221 White 2,461 89.3 1,384 56.2 1,160. 219 15.8 1,077

Negro and other races 296 10.7 152 51.4 103 49 32.2 144 Enrolled in college 1,427 51,8

.509 35.7 427 82 16.1 918 Full-time 1,351 49.0 452 33.5 376 76 16.8 899 Part-time 76 2,0____ 57 75.0 51 6 I') 19 Not enrolled in college 1,330 48.2 1,027 77.2 841 186 18.1 303 Man Total i 1,343 100.0 787 5P.6 878 111 14.1 566 Enrolled in college 741 55.2 261 35.2 218 43 16.6 480 Not enrolled in college 602 44.8 526 87.4 458 68 12.9 76 Woman Total 1,414 100.0 749 53.0 592 167 21.0 885 Enrolled in college 686 48.5 248 36.2 209 39 15.7 438 Not enrollee in college 728 51.5 501 68.6 383 118 23.6 227 Single 582 41.2 441 75.8 334 107 24.3 141 Married and other merit. status' 146 10.3 60 41.1 49 11 I'l 86 Percent not shown whfre base 4 less than 75,000.

Includes widowed, divorced, and separated women.

NOTE.-Data are for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of age.

Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Month's, Labor

Review, May 1971.

labie 151.-Employment status of 1970 high school graduates not enrolled in college and of 1969-70 school dropouts, by sex, color, and srnrital

status of women: United States, October 1970

(Numbers in thousands1

Item

Civilian noninstitutional

population Number Percent Number

1 2 3 4 1970 high school graduates not enrolled

in collage

Total 1,330 100.0 1,027 Men 602 45.3 526 Women 728 54.7 501 Single 582 43.8 441 Married and other marital status' 146 11.0 60

Whi* 1.177 88.5 922 Neg., and other races 153 11.5 105 1989.70 school dropouts'

Total' 712 100.0 427 Men 370 52.0 292 Women 342 48.0 135 Single 222 31.2 109 Married and other marital status' 120 16.9 26 White 545 76.5 339 Negro and other reccs 167 23.5 88

ms percent

of

population

5

77.2 87A

68.8

75.8

41.1 78.3

6R.6

60.0

78.9

39.5

49.1

21.7 62.2

52.7

Civilian labor force Not in labor force Employed

Unemployed Total In special schools Number As percent of

civilian labor force

6 7 8 9 10

841 188 18.1 303 99 458 68 12.9 76 26

383 118 23.6 227 73 334 107 24.3 141 (' 49 11 86

772 150 16.3 255 86

69 36 34.3 48 13

318 109 25.6 285 24 209 83 28.4 78 13 109 26 19.3 207 11 89 20 18.3 113 11 20 6 94

264 75 n.1 206 20 54 7.4 38.6 79 4

' Data not available. NOTE. -Oats are for the civilian noninstitutional population 16 to 24 years of

'Includes widowed, divorced, and separated women. age.

'Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

f Includes persons who dropped out of school between October 1969 end October SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Monthly Labor 1970. Review, May 1971.

' In addition, 94,000 persons 14 and 15 Veers old dropped out of school. I'

1241 3 7
Table 152.-Major occupation groups of employed high school graduates not enrolled in college, by year of high school graduation,

and of school dropouts, by yeer last attended school, by sax: United States, October 1970

(Percentage distribution of persons 16 to 24 years of age)

Major occupation group and sex

1

Graduates al- Dropouts last attended

school- 1968 1969 1970 1968 1969 1970

2 3 4 6 6 7 Man MI occupation groups: Number (thousands) . . 483 480 468 206 176 99 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 7.7 2.6 2.8 1.9 1.7 1.0 Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm . . . . 4.4 3.0 1.5 1.4 3.4 1.0 Clerical and kindred workers 10.8 9.8 9.4 2.9 6.2 6.1 Sales workers 6.0 5.9 4.6 - - 2.8 5.1 Craftsmen, foreman, and kindred workers 15.0 16.7 12.5 16.6 11.9 11.2 Operatives and kindred workers 33.3 40.9 31.7 33.8 42.4 27.6

Laborers, except farm and mine 12.7 13.7 25.2 26.6 15.8 24.5 Private household workers - - - - Service workers, except private household 6.0 2.2 5.7 8.2 9.6 11.2 Farmers and farm managers .8 .4 .2 - .6 - Farm laborers and foremen 3.3 4.8 6.3 9.7 5.6 12.2 Woman All occupation groups: Number (thousands) 709 513 383 90 89 69 Percent 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 I' I

Professional, technical, and kindred workers 5.8 2.7 2.9 4,5 - - - - Managers, officials, and proprietors, except farm .. . 2.0 1.8 .3 - - - - Clerical and kindred workers 59.4 56.5 48.8 21.3 20.0 - - Sales workers 6.8 5.3 9.4 5.6 11.1 - Craftsmen, foremen, and kindred workers .4 - - .8 - - 3.3 - Operatives and kindred workers 8.3 10.7 16.5 25.8 30.0 - Laborers, except farm and mine .3 1.8 .3 1.1 1.1 Private household workers 2.4 4.3 5.5 4.5 10.0 - - Service workers, except private household 14.6 18.4 15.0 28.1 21.1 - - - Farmers and farm managers - - -- - - - - -- - - - - Farm laborers and foremen - - .6 .5 9.0 3.3 - -- Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, "Special

Labor Force Report No. 131."

Table 153.-Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for the bachelor's degree, by field of study: United States, 1980-81 to 1970-71

Field of study 1960-61 1962-63 196465 1966-67 196869 1970-71 Percentage increase 1960-61 to

1970-71 1968-69 to

1970-71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Business and commerce: Accounting $475 $527 $553 $637 $761 $846 78.1 11.2 Business-general (including management) 444 483 530 613 687 716 61.3 4.2 Engineering: Aeronautical 556 606 645 724 811 880 54.7 8.0 Chemical 541 588 642 733 849 920 70.1 8.4 Civil 514 569 618 706 797 850 85.4 6.6 Electrical 556 607 641 728 826 877 57.7 6.2

Industrial 523 577 625 707 802 866 65.6 8.0 Mechanical 542 592 635 720 820 881 62.5 7.4 Metallurgical (' ) (' I 630 710 811 888 (' I 9.5 Humanities and social sciences '440 479 512 589 687 609 58.9 4.8 Marketing and distribution

iciences: 431 465 516 588 669 693 60.8 3.8 Agricultural sciences V/ (' / (' / I' / 688 700 (' I 2.0 Chemistry, mathematics, and physics 537 573 609 691 784 794 47.9 1.3 Chemistry V / 559 605 689 775 795 1') 2.6 Mathematics 1') 565 596 684 779 787 I') 1.0 Physics (' ) 595 636 712 803 826 (' ) 2.9 Data not available. 3 Includes biological sciences.

NOTE.-Data are based on information supplied by more than 100 participating

colleges and universities throughout the country.

12e

SOURCE: Collage Placement Counc I Salary Survey, A Study of 1966-67 Bgginning

011or4 and A Study of 197041 Beg nning Offers by Busing*: and Industry. (Copyright 1967 and 1971, respectively, by the College Placement Council, Inc.,

Bethlehem, Pa. All rights reserved.)
Table 154.-Average monthly salary offers to male candidates for master's and doctor's degrees, by field of study:

United States, 1968.69 to 1970-71

Field of study

Master's degree' Doctor's

1969.70

degree

1970-71 Percentage

change, 196869 to

1970.71 1968-69 1969.70 1970-71 Percentage

change,

196869 to

1970.71 1968.69

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 9 Business administration, industrial management, or commerce: After nontechnical undergraduate degree

After technical undergraduate degree

$962

1,027

$1,044

1,112

$1,044

1,111 8.5

8.2

Is I

Is ) Is IIs I

) 1')

(2)

(2)

Engineering: Chemical 977 1,036 1,054 7.9 $1,319 $1,375 $1,395 6.8 Civil 901 960 978 8.6 1,234 1,236 1,102 -10.7 Electrical 967 1,016 1,018 5.3 1,379 1,429 1,388 .7

Industrial 946 1,014 1,004 6.1 Is I (2) (2) (2) Mechan cal 954 1,008 1,019 6.8 1,309 1,370 1,278 -2.4 Sciences: Agricultural sciences 836 872 877 4.9 12) (2) 12 I Chemistry 922 978 949 2.9 1,242 1,278 1,269 1.4 Mathematics 930 959 937 .8 1,278 1,421 1,448 13.3 Physics 933 985 929 1,285 1,309 1,316 2.3 Data are for men with 1 year or less of full-time, nonmilitary employment. 2Date not available. NOTE.-Data are based on information supplied by more than 100 participating

colleges and universities throughout the country.

SOURCE: College Placement Council Salary Survey, A Study of 1970-71 Beginning

Offers by Business and Industry. (Copyright 1971 by the College Placement

Council, Inc., Bethlehem, Pa. All rights reserved.)

Table 155.-United States college faculty abroad, by country Table 156. - United States college students abroad, by country

and by field of interest: 1969-70 and by field of study: 1968-69

Country and field of interest

College faculty abroad Country and field of study

College tudents abroad Number Percent Number Percent

1 2 3 1 2 3 Total 6,310 100.0 Total 25,117 100.0 Country: Country:

United Kingdom 728 13.7 Canada 4,912 19.6 France 308 5.8 Mexico 2,976 11.8 Germany, Federal Republic of 302 5.7 United Kingdom 2,542 10.1

India 276 5.2 Germany, Federal Republic of 2,161 8.6

Italy 229 4.3 France 2,064 8.2 Mexico 126 2.4 Spain 1,565 6.2 Spain 118 2.2 Italy 1,668 6.2

Japan 116 2.2 Philippines 1,186 4.7

Israel 114 2.1 Japan 909 3.6 Brazil 100 1.9 Israel 891 3.6 Switzerland 97 1.8 Belgium 659 2.6 Colombia 92 1.7 Switzerland 523 2.1 Austria 83 1.6 Colombia 478 1.9 Australia 76 1.4 Vatican City State 471 1.9 Canada 70 1.3 Sweden 396 1.6 Other countries 2,477 46.6 Other countries 1,828 7.3 Field of interest: Field of study:

.Humanities 1,536 28.9 Humanities 9,297 37.0 Social sciences 1,216 22.9 Social sciences 3,609 14.4 Physical end life sciences 997 18.8 Medical sciences 3,611 14.0 Education 394 7.4 Physical and life sciences 1,341 5.3 Engineering 325 6.1 Business administration 650 2.6 Agriculture 324 6.1 Engineering 464 1.8 Medical sciences 279 5.3 Education 366 1.6 Business administration 124 2.3 Agriculture 104 .4 Other or field unknown 115 2.2 Other fields 5,775 23.0 NOTE.-Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0. NOTE. - Because of rounding, percentages may not add to 100.0.

SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New York, Open Doors 1970. SOURCE: Institute of International Education, New York, Open Doors 1970.

1.25c-J9
Table 157.-Enrollment of foreign students In Institutions of lIghef education,

by level and by State: Fall 1968

Stat.

All Inrel1

stuaenu

enrolled Undergraduate students

Fintprofinsional students Graduate students Total Men Women Total Men Women Totcl Men Women

1 2 3 4 5 8 7 8 9 10 II United States 108,169 58,378 41,271 17,106 3,373 2,994 399 46,410 37,684 9,848 Alabama 473 264 179 75 33 33 ... 186 153 33 Alaska 64 50 34 16 - - - . 14 14 Arizona 1,103 787 681 206 1 1 315 278 39 Arkansas 299 226 160 66 1 1 72 61 11 California 16,404 10,290 7,223 3,087 312 270 42 5,802 4,757 1,045 Colorado 1,649 1,019 735 284 15 13 2 615 416 99 Connecticut 1,215 417 292 125 75 87 8 723 588 135 Delaware 278 111 78 33 - 167 136 31 District of Columbia 3,408 1,993 1,364 639 168 144 24 1,246 904 341 Florida 1,820 1,314 976 338 3 3 603 414 89 Georgia 788 388 293 95 28 21 6. 372 338 34 Hawaii 1,261 717 482 266 - .. - -- - 634 387 147

Idaho 454 379 248 131 1 1 84 75 9

Illinois 8,073 2,401 1,764 847 668 489 87 3,116 2,573 643

Indiana 3,475 1,494 951 643 94 79 15 1,887 1,428 459

Iowa 1,557 695 460 235 69 se 3 803 640 183 Kansas 1,717 906 644 261 4 4 . . 808 666 152 Kentucky 753 442 281 161 43 39 4 288 202 66

Louisiana 1,345 823 638 185 168 132 26 384 288 78 Mine 233 190 139 51 1 1 - - 42 37 5 Maryland 1,694 978 681 317 20 19 1 696 686 130 Massachusetts 6,106 2,443 1,475 968 570 528 42 3,093 2,422 871 Michigan 6,985 3.478 2,744 734 169 141 28 2,338 1,879 459 Minnesota 2,051 915 598 317 35 31 4 1,101 884 237 Mississippi 462 217 171 46 1 - .- 1 244 213 31 Missouri 2,576 1.293 896 397 57 63 4 1,226 987 269 Montana 421 288 245 43 3 3 - - 130 100 30 Nebraska 483 319 203 116 5 5 - 139 113 26 Nevada 102 62 51 11 - - - .. - - 40 34 6 New Hampshire 399 250 198 64 38 38 111 100 11 New Jersey 1.662 716 609 208 32 26 6 915 865 60 New Mexico 533 307 267 40 - - - - 226 200 26 New York 11,821 5,524 3,764 1,770 241 229 12 6,068 4,807 1,249 North Carolina 1,687 726 518 20e 20 16 4 841 698 143 North Dakota' 687 461 364 87 4 4 - 232 205 27 Ohio 3,538 2,063 1,427 638 179 138 43 1,296 1,0158 238 Oklahoma 1,680 1,044 886 159 37 36 2 499 437 62 Oregon 1,802 1,171 825 346 23 22 1 608 486 123 Pennsylvania 4.301 1,857 1,257 600 177 168 19 2,267 1,829 438 Rhode Island 498 201 139 82 - -- - - - 297 249 48

South Carolina 361 188 144 44 7 7 166 141 25 South Dakota 260 140 110 30 11 II - 99 89 10 Tennessee 1,375 768 619 149 35 28 7 572 457 115 Texas 4,878 2,942 2,208 738 79 71 8 1,866 1,373 282 Utah 1,797 1,192 772 420 - - - - -- 605 600 98 Vermont 279 203 119 84 - - . - - 78 FS 17 Virginia 705 419 266 164 31 28 3 256 226 30 Washington 2,615 1,656 1,116 640 12 II 1 947 742 205 West Virginia 413 235 184 51 5 4 1 173 160 23 Wisconsin 2,769 1,243 905 338 27 24 3 1,499 1,215 284 Wyoming 247 143 124 19 6 2 3 99 93 8 U.S. Service Schools . . .. 139 so so - - ... 89 89 - Outlying areas 2,104 1,594 1,045 649 38 30 8 472 341 131 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of Education, Residence and Migration of Collage Students, Fall 1968.

1 is

127
Foreign Students Enrolled

In American Institutions

Of Higher Education

Nearly 135,000 foreign students

were enrolled in American institutions

of higher education in 1969-70, according to Open Doors 1970, a publication of the Institute of International Education. Tt,is is a gain of

11 percent over 1968-69 and an

all-time high. Fifteen years ago, the

institute in its first edition of Open

Doors reported only 34,000 foreign

students in this country.

In 1969-70, the 134,959 foreign

students represented 176 countries.

More than 5,000 students came from

each of the following countries: Canada, India, Republic of China, Hong

Kong, and Iran. The accompanying

chart shows the percentage distribution of the foreign students by area of origin. As in previous years, the

largest proportion of the foreign students were from the Far East.

The foreign students attended

1,734 institutions of higher education

located in all 50 States, the District

of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico, and

the Virgin Islands. Fifty percent of

the students were enrolled in insti

tutions in six States: California, New

York, Illinois, Florida, Michigan, and

Massachusetts.

The fields of study selected by the

foreign students were engineering,

which was the choice of 22 percent;

Figure 11. Percentage distribution of foreign students

enrolled in American institutions of higher education,

by area of origin: 1969.70

Source: Institute of International Education, 809 United Nations Plaza,

New York, N.Y., Open Doors 1970.

humanities, 20 percent; physical and

life sciences, 16 percent; social sci

ences, 13 percent; business administration, 12 percent; education, six

percent; medical sciences, four percent; agriculture, ti ree percent; and

other or not specified, four percent.

Undergraduates outnumbered graduates by a small margin in the for128

eign student population. Forty-seven

percent of the students were undergraduates; 44 percent were graduates. Six percent were classified as

special students, and the academic

level of the remaining three percent

is unknown.

NEVA A. CARLSON,

specialist in educational statistics
Table 168.-Number of foreign students enrolled in American institutions of

higher education, by area of origin'. 1948.49 to 1989-70

Academic year Total Western Hemisphere Europe

, Al rice Nell', Middle, and Far East Pacific Other

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1948.49 25,464 11,070 ,14,065 888 8,218 2845 378 1949.50 26,433 10,444 ' 5,574 904 8,313 2938 260 195051 29,813 10,962 17,157 1,027 9,411 21,110 146 1951.52 30,462 11.034 17,220 1,072 9',737 21,215 184 1952.53 33,675 12,258 7,856 1,081 '11,547 316 1617 1953.54 33,833 13,297 6,171 1,163 _212,766 354 182 1954-55 34,232 13,160 5,196 1,234 ,', 14,254 337 151 1955-56 36,494 13,516 5,502 1,231 '15,864

118,192

353 lye

1956-57 424 ' 76

1957.58 43,391 14,566 6,816 1,515 '19,901 495 198 1958.59 47,245 15,761 6,601 1,735 2,22.442 612 194 1959.60 48,486 15,189 6,382 1,959 '24,285 568 1123 196061 53,107 15,754 6,888 2.831 2_27.084 658 '94

1961.62 58,086 16,554 6,833 3,930 _' 229,845 1128 1962-63 64,705 18,110 7,888 4,996 '32.615 948 '148

1963.64 74,814 21,430 19,348 6,144 236,662 1,080 150 1964.65 82,045 22,995 110,108 6,855 _240617 1,265 205

1965.66 82,709 23,849 110,226 6,896 _' 40,266 1,325 147 1966-67 100,262 30,412 114,207 7,170 _'46A00 1,635 438

1967.68 110,315 34,144 115,556 6,901 '50,575 1,683 1,466 1968-69 121,382 36,386 '16,453 6,979 '56,550 1,869 3,125 1969.70 134,959 38.406 ' 18,524 7,607 '64,311 2,077 4,034

'Includes students from U.S.S.R.

2 Includes students from the Philippines.

SOURCE: Ins itute of International Education,

New York, Education for One World, 1948-49 to

1953.54; and Open Doom, 1954.55 to 1970.

Table 159.-Students from abroad enrolled in institutions of higher education in the United States, by area of origin and by major field of interest:

1984-65 and 1989-70

Major field of interest and year

Area of origin Stateleu

or country World unknown

total Far East Near and Middle East Europe Latin America' North America' Africa Oceania U.S.S.R.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Total: 196445 82,045 29,400 11,217 10,073 13,667 9,338 8966 1,266 36 206

1969-70 134,969 49,189 16,122 18,473 24,991 13,416 7,607 2,077 61 4,034

Agricubure: 1964-35 3,211 935 433 268 649 293 568 64 - -- 1 1989-.0 3,667 1,256 378 295 945 314 360 71 ... 48 Business administration: 196445 7,116 2,528 778 806 1,350 966 556 121 1 10 1969-70 15,587 5,521 1,371 2,245 3,152 1,535 893 214 7 649 Education: 1964-66 3,999 1,230 451 316 464 1,029 384 121 - -- 4 1969-70 7,779 2,100 503 817 1,056 2,083 476 345 2 397 Engineering:

196446 18,084 7,167 4,117 1,705 2,8:4 1,069 1,045 104 4 49

1969-70 29,731 13,892 6,550 2,933 4,350 1,104 1,220 157 7 518 Humanities: 196445 16,083 4,701 1,430 3,047 3,284 2,435 820 277 15 74 1968-70 26,508 6,266 2.003 5,425 6,833 3,321 1,009 392 17 1,253 Medical sciences: 1964.65 4,918 1,734 549 428 907 659 501 132 8 1969-70 6,969 1,954 522 627 1,450 621 483 1 1 1 1 200

,hysical and natural sciences: 1964-65 14,401 6,761 1,787 1,521 1,663 1,240 1,176 223 7 23

1969-70 21,406 11,153 2,094 2,308 2,670 1,512 1,192 306 9 162 Social sciences: 1964.65 12,609 4,012 1,543 1,610 1,987 1,494 1,732 202 2 27 1969-70 17,272 5,147 1,911 2,694 3,088 2,302 1,585 355 2 168 All other fields: 1964.65 607 154 45 36 281 54 24 12 - -- 1 1969-70 597 135 88 32 145 37 9 22 - -- 129 No information: 1964.65 1,017 178 84 336 248 99 49 9 6 8 1969.70 6,443 1,776 702 1,097 1,302 686 380 104 6 490

' Includes South America, Central America, Mexico, and Caribbean areas.

'Includes Canada and Bermuda.

129

SOURCE: Institute of International Education, Open Doors, 1965 and 1970.

Itzi 2
Table 160.-Estimated total population and enrollment by level In selected countries of the world: 1967

Country Population

(in thousands) -- Enrollment All levels First loyal of education Second level 1 Third level of education' of education' II

1 2 3 4 5 6 Africa

Ethiopia 23,457 536,091 452,457 79,534 4,100

Nigerio 61,450 '3,294,360 '3,025,981 '257,403 '10,976

South Africa 18,733 3,154,878 '2,546,824 '640,691 67,363

United Arab Republic 30,907 4,876,304 3,506,429 1,195,281 174,614 Asia China (mainland) 720,000 100,810,000 '90,000,000 '9,990,000 '820,000

India 511,115 ' "58,143,159 ' "49,639,000 I" 7,410,505 "1,093,654

Indonesia 110,000 14,346,551 12,574,823 1,579,312 192,416

Israel 2,669 '608,024 '450,359 '118,539 '39,126

Japan 99,920 20,889,234 9,452,071 10,040,388 1,398,777

Korea, North 12,700 2,065,000 ' ' 2,000,000 ' ' 65,000

Korea, Republic of 29,784 6,928,460 5,382,500 1,375,019 170,941 Pakistan 107,258 '10,341,764 '7,298,321 ' 2,751,489 . 291,954

Philippines 34,856 ' °7,518,634 "5,816,106 ' " 1,183,30 7 ''519,221 Saudi Arabia 6,990 366,901 329,197 ' 35,811 '1,893

Thailand 32,680 5,453,031 4,983,113 436,506 33,412

Turkey 32,710 5,594,774 4,509,433 959,694 125,647

Vietnam, North 20,100 1,115,996 '1,081,847 '30,149 ''4,000

Vietnam, Republic of 16,973 2,571,232 2,023,893 513,410 33,929

Europe Auatria 7,323 1,257,446 836,670 367,039 53,737

Belgium 9,581 1,399,E83 1,015,563 324,948 59,172 Czechoslovakia 14,305 2,620,959 2,109,183 374,289 137,497 France 49,890 9,415,623 5,336,042 3,465,677 613,904

Germany:

Federal Republic 57,699 10,250,783 5,734,487 4,099,912 416,384 West Berlin 2,173 '258,523 '122,911 '103,124 ' 32,488

East Germany 17,082 3,038,325 2,339,204 624,416 74,705

Italy 52,334 8,298,089 4,594,033 3,329,570 374,486 Netherlands 12,597 2,735,561 1,427,966 1,124,551 183,044 Poland 31,944 7,189,375 5,706,270 1,194,317 288,788 Romania 19,287 3,565,622 2,879,881 544,152 141,689

Spain 32,140 5,039,921 3,552,393 '1,329,675 157,863

United Kingdom 55,068 9,914,453 5,732,425 3,770,516 411,512

Yugoslavia 19,958 3,744,527 2,893,824 639,993 210,910 North America Canada 20,441 5,611,105 3,836,476 1,324,727 449,902 Canal Zone 56 15,950 8,969 5,697 1,284 Cuba 8,033 1,661,198 1,273,581 250,291 37,326 Mexico 45,671 9,048,291 7,772,257 1,121,745 154,289 Puerto Rico 2,697 766,387 476,048 242,614 47,725 United States 199,118 57,098,748 32,181,000 18,006,000 6,911,748

Virgin Islands (U.S.A.) 56 15,878 10,086 4,459 1,333 Oceania American Samoa 29 9,549 7,215 2,284 i °so Australia 11,751 2,894,939 1,740,521 1,001,418 153,000 Guam 94 25,281 14,912 8,772 1,597 New Zealand 2,726 716,948 503,898 168,534 47,516

South America

Argentina 23,031 3,915,334 3,206,625 444,661 264,048 Brazil 85,655 12,809,650 11,182,746 1,411,582 215,322 Chile 8,935 2,025,105 1,854,604 113,355 57,146 Colombia 19,191 '2,647,723 '2,408,489 '189,304 "49,930

Peru 12,385 2,831,075 2,236,393 511,173 83,609 Venezuela 9,352 1,966,067 1,550,190 357,070 58,807 U.S.S.R 235,543 52,624,500 39,748,000 8,567,600 4,310,900

First level includes elementary school enrollmen the main function of which Is

to provide basic instruction in the tools of learning. Preschool, kindergarten, and

special education enrollments are excluded.

'Second level includes general, vocational, and ttichertraining enrollments at the

secondary school level. Entrance to secondary schools requires at least 4 years

previous instruction at the first level, Special and adult education enrollments are excluded.

'Third level includes colleges and universities that require the successful

completion of education at the second level as a minimum entrance requirement. Adult education enrollmenla are excluded.

'Data for 1966.

130

' Data for 1963. Data for 1964.

'Data for 1959.

'Data for 1958.

'Data for 1962.

°Data for 1985.

Data for 1957. General education at the second level is included with the first

level of education,

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,

Paris, Statistical Yearbook, 1969.
Table 161.-Estimated population and enrollment by level in major f the world: 1967

(In thousands)

Major area

Population Enrollment'

All ages 5to24years

of age' All levels First level of education' Second level of education' Third level of education'

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 World total 3,420,000 1,297,937 443,619 320,914 101,261 ' 21,636

Africa 328,000 138,901 32,758 28,028 4,373 358 Asia (excluding U.S.S.R.) 1,907,000 749,735 164,194 126,880 32,724 4,590

Europe (excluding U.S.S.R 452,00) 139,027 81,775 51,729 26,450 3,596 Oceania 18,100 5,991 4,240 2,783 1,241 216 U.S.S.R. 236,000 79,382 52,625 38,746 8,568 4,311

Western Hemisphere:

North America' 220,000 77,365 60,269 33,380 19,547 7,362 Middle America' 61,000 25,412 11,471 9,826 1,449 196 South America 174,000 72,229 31,651 24,759 6,086 006 Caribbean 24,000 9,895 4,636 3,703 830 103 Does not Include data for the Vietnam.

'Oats for 1965. Does not Include North Korea, Ryukyu Islands, Wee, Cyprus,

Polynesia, and Micronesia. The total population of these areas In 1i:95 is estimated at 16,084,000.

'First level Includes elementary school enrollment the main function of which is

to provide basic instruction in the tools of learning. Preschool, kindergarten, and

special education enrollments are excluded.

'Second level Includes general, vocational, and teacher training enrollments at the

secondary school level. Entrance to secondary schdols requires at least 4 years'

previous instruction at the first level. Special and adult education enrollments ale excluded.

mainland of China, North Korn., and North Third level Includes colleges and universities that require the successful completion of education at the second level es a minimum entrance requirement. Adult education enrollments are excluded. Includes United States, Canada, Bermuda, Greenland, and St. Pierre and Miquelon.

Includes Mexico, British Honduras, Canal Zone, and the Central American

countries. NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization,

Paris, Statistical Yearbook, 1969.

Table 162. - General statistics of public libraries serving areas of 26,000 or more population:

United States and outlying areas, fiscal year 1968

Item

Population size group

Total,

25,000 Or more 25,00034,999

35,000

49,999

50,000

99,999

100,000

499,999

500,000

or more

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Number of libraries' 1,135 286 271 335 206 38 Number of libraries reporting) 1,057 258 250 318 196 35 Population served (thousands) 117,235 7,578 10.321 21,986 38,167 39,1f 4

Collections (thousands) Number of volumes 3 held at end of year 191,079 14,995 18,617 34,276 61,282 61,910

Number of volumes3 added during year 16,648 1,317 1,359 3,020 5,803 5,149

Total circulation during year 560,214 48,041 53,629 106,965 195,159 156,421

Staff (full-time equivalent)

Filled positions 49,887 3,356 3,903 8,229 16,602 17,797

Library staff 45,635 3,105 3,604 7,673 15,457 15,796 Maintenance staff 4,252 251 299 556 1,145 2,001

Operating expenditures (thousands of dollars)

Total operating expenditures $421 ,236 626,716 $31,170 $65,597 $137,881 $159,874

Wages and salaries 271,000 15,961 19,050 41,304 88,559 106,125

Library staff 251,043 14,668 17,757 38,662 83,098 96,657 Maintenance staff 19,966 1,093 1,293 2,641 5,461 9,488

Purchase of library materials 72,491 5,417 6,199 12,135 24,202 24,F37 Book stock 64,062 4,837 5,460 10,765 21,310 21,701 Serials 4,820 328 418 761 1,553 1,760

Other printed materials 663 58 58 98 269 189 Audiovisual materials 2,945 194 263 521 1,081 886 All other operating expenditures 77,746 5,337 6,920 12,158 26,119 29,211

'Problems of definitions and reporting did not permit the data

for one average -sized State to be included in the survey.

2The data shown below are for reporting libraries only.

3Includes volumes of book stock and bibliographic volumes of

serials only.

131

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare,

Office of Education, Statistics of Public Libraries Serving Areas

with At Least 25,000 Inhabitants, 1968.
Table 163.-Number of health sciences libraries, by control and by

sponsoring institution: United States and outlying areas, 1969

Sponsoring institution Total Control of library Private State Federal Local

1 2 3 4 5 6 All sponsors '3,155 1,913 573 331 300 Hospitals 2,002 1,304 252 273 172 4-year collages and universities 471 213 236 3 17 Research and industrial organizations 249 182 9 45 5 Societies, foundations, and

professional organizations 154 139 5 5 2-year collages 138 21 25 3 84 Health care institutions other then hospitals 111 42 44 2 9 Libraries and information

centers 30 12 2 5 8

Includes 38 libraries not reported by control

SOURCE: American Medical Association, Medical Library Association, Directory

of Health Sciences Libraries in the United States, 1969.

Table 164, - General statistics of national and other special libraries

serving the Federal Government: United States, 1965

Item Total National libraries) Other Federal libraries2

1 2 3 4 Number of libraries reporting 358 3 355 Resources (thousands of units)

Volumes, including Government

documents and technical reports 48,054 21,053 27,002 Serial titles 313 140 173 Microform units 4,735 602 4,133

Operating expenditures

(thousands of dollars)

Total expenditures $58,188 $33,504 $24,683 Salaries 39,397 23,522 15,875

Library materials 9050 2,840 6,210

Binding and rebinding 1,026 541 485 Other operating expenditures 8,701 6,601 2,100

'The national libraries are the Library of Congress, the National Library of

,Medicine, and the National Agricultural Library.

'The reporting libraries Included 136 Defense Department libraries, 96 Veterans

Administration field station libraries, 71 Executive Departmental libraries, and 52 other Federal libraries. Of 175 VA libraries, 79 did not report and their

resources and expenditures are not Included here.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Survey of Special Libraries Serving the Federal Government.

Table 165.-Selected statistics on the collections, staff, and operating expenditures of the 30 largest university libraries: 1969-70

Institution Rank

order Number of volumes at end of year

Gross number of volumes added during year

Number of microform

units at end of year

Staff

full-timeequivalent

Operating expenditures Total Books and binding Salaries and wages Other Total Professional

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Harvard University 1 8,278,000 239,000 730,000 773 233 358,524,000 52,099,000 55,312,000 '51,112,000

Yale University 2 35,646,000 198,000 628,000 525 181 7,593,000 2,800,000 3,532,000 1,261,000

University of Illinois 3 4,611,000 195,000 389,000 406 181 5,278,000 1,883,000 3,138,000 256,000

University of Michigan' 4 4,176,000 184,000 699,000 504 182 5,989,000 1,579,000 4,040,000 369.000 Columbia University 5 4,092,000 131,000 660,000 475 165 5,959,000 1,649,000 4,006,000 304,000

University of Califo nia at Berkeley 6 3,845,000 177,000 607,000 423 173 6,451,000 1,790,000 4,370,000 291,000

Cornell University' 7 3,606,000 177,000 881,000 448 143 5,490,000 1,750,000 3,311,000 429,000

Stanford University 8 3,447,000 254,000 610,000 408 159 5,973,000 1,706,000 3,545,000 720,000

University of Chicago 9 2,978,000 151,000 1') 266 81 3,668,000 1,253,000 2,173,000 242,000

University of Minnesota, all campuses 10 2,945,000 146,000 493,000 298 143 4,578,000 1,522,000 2,898,000 159,000

University of California at Los Angeles 11 2,917,000 166,990 757,000 449 159 6,815,000 1,861,000 4,172,000 783,000

Indiana University 12 2,753,000 295,000 436,000 357 158 5,150,000 1,963,000 2,960,000 227,000

Ohio State University' 13 2,397,000 155,000 678,000 290 98 3,691,000 1,218,000 2,181,000 292,000

University of Wisconsin at Madison 14 2,303,000 143,000 694,000 291 91 3,983,000 1,448,000 2,327,000 208,000

Northwestern University' 15 2,290,000 80,000 361,000 221 88 2,710,000 891,000 1,693,000 126,000

New York University 16 2,270,000 97,000 790,000 339 88 3,088,000 999,000 1,931,000 159,000

University of Texas' 16 2,270,000 106,000 542,000 245 100 5,407,000 3,474,000 1,821,000 111,000

University of Pennsylvania 18 2,267,000 98,000 574,000 288 90 3,401,000 1,079,000 2,123,000 200,000

Princeton University 19 2,194,000 96,000 373,000 258 81 3,215,000 1,174,000 1,860,000 181,000

Duke University 20 2,129,000 97,000 168,000 221 81 2,791,000 993,000 1,636,000 161,000

Johns Hopkins University 21 1,985,000 115,000 505,000 171 50 1,875,000 517,000 1,131,000 228,000

Rutgers University 22 1,792,0C) 146,000 270,000 184 81 3,514,000 1,581,000 1,788,000 147,000

University of Washington' ° 23 1,788,000 89,000 747,000 317 117 3,754,000 1,100,000 2,500,000 153,000

University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill , . 24 1,723,000 102,000 387,000 210 70 2,818,000 1,062.000 1,625,000 110,000

Southern Illinois University' ' 25 1,689,000 222,000 377,000 201 91 4,030,000 1.928.000 1,896,000 206.000 Michigan State University 26 1,638,000 130.000 376,000 193 74 3,145,000 1,213,000 1,734,000 198,000

University of Virginia 27 1,618.000 91,000 777.000 205 59 2,174,000 870.000 1.181.000 123,000

University of Missouri 23 1,541,000 78,000 893,000 945 45 2.115,000 986.000 939,000 190,000

University of Kansas' 3 29 1.500,000 69,000 286,000 169 60 2,211,000 742,000 1,277,000 191,000

University of Iowa 30 1,492,000 75,000 495,000 176 74 2,438,000 962,000 1,359,000 117,000

Institutions are ranked by the number of volumes at the end of the year (column

31. Although this is a convenient measure of size, the messuresin columns 4-11

warrant equal attention for comparative purposes.

3 Excludes building and maintenance charges.

'Includes the law library.

'Includes Dearbom branch library. Excludes Flint College library, business

administration library, and law library,

'Includes all branches and medical library in New York City and library at

Geneva Experiment Station.

14

Included in column 3. Inclun four regional campus libraries serving 2-year institutions.

Includes Chicago campus.

Includes main, low, and L.B.J. School of Public Affairs libraries.

°Includes law and health sciences library.

Includes Edwardsville campus.

"Includes medical center library.

SOURCE: Association of Research Libraries, Academic Library Statistics,. 1969-70.

132
Table 188. - General statistics of college and university libraries:

United States and outlying areas, 195960, 1963.04, and 194849

Item 1195980 198364 196869 Item 1969410 196364 1908410

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 Number of libraries Number of students enrolled, total

(thousands)'

1,951

3,597

2,140

4,800

2,431

7,572

Library operating expenditures (excluding

capital outlay) In thousands of dollars

Enrolled for bachelor's end higher Operating expenditures, total $137,200 $248.000 $584,800

degrees 3,402 4,629 6,983 Salaries 72,500 1213,000 273,200

Enrolled In undergraduate occupational Hourly wages 11,700 19,000 44,300

programs 196 272 589 Binding end rebinding 4900 9,000 17,500

Books and other library materials 40,700 79,000 212,900

Coliftaior (thousands of units) Other library operating expenditures , , , 7,500 13,000 36.900 Number of volumes at and of yaar 177,000 227G00 328,800 Operating expenditures in percents, total .. 100 100 100 Number of volumes added during year .. Number of periodical titles received

0,400

1,270

13600

1,780

25,800

2,632 Salaries Hourly wages

Binding and rebinding

63

8

4

618

4 47

8

3 Books and other library materials 30 32 36 Library soft In terms of full-time

equivalents Other library operating expenditures .. . 5 5 6 Total staff In regular positions' 18,000 26,200 46,200 Library operating expenditures es percent Professional librarians 9,000 11,900 17:700 of total institutional expenditures for

Other library staff' 9,000 13300 27,500 educational and genius, purposes .. .. 3.0 3.3 4.2 Hours of student and other assistance

(thousands) 12,100 16,400 34,400

()Pining fall enrollment for the specified year.

'Data on Staff are for the fell term of the succeeding year.

'Includes nonprofessional staff and profauional staff other than librarians.

NOTE.-Because of rounding, detail may not add to totals.

SOURCE' U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Library Statistics of Colleges and Universities, Fall 1969: Analytic

Report.

Table 167.-Index of prim for hardcover books,' by category: United States, 1967-69 and 1970

Category 1967-09 1970 Average

price index Amalie

price Index Number of books Tow.

price

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total 1111.77 100.00 $11.61 132.1 27,2112 $317,032,40

Agriculture 9.71 100.0 10.42 107,3 218 2,270.55

Art 12.44 100.0 16.18 129,9 916 14,799.68

Biography 9.71 100.0 11.49 118.3 1,367 15,698.69

Bulimia 10.41 100.0 12.45 119.8 598 7,421.56 Education 6.58 100.0 10.75 163.4 783 8,418.19 Fiction 4.96 100.0 5.51 111.1 1,380 7,601.85 General works 16.28 100,4 24.98 183.3 898 17,419.70

History 9.95 100.0 14.75 148.2 1,593 2,491.16 Home economics 6.55 100.0 7.30 111.4 197 1,437.67

Juveniles 3.53 100.0 4.05 114.7 3,088 12 513.40

Language 10.13 100.0 19.58 193.1 261 15,104.08 Law 13.22 100.0 16.41 124.1 464 7,448.79 Literature 8.04 100.0 11.05 137.4 2,412 26,644.71 Medicine 13.41 100.0 18.06 134.6 1,202 21,800.61 Music 9.013 100.0 11.44 126.0 200 3,317.96

Philosophy, psychology 8.41 100.0 10.72 127.6 864 9,160.96

Poetry, drama 6.80 100.0 9.36 130.8 1,071 10,016.70

Religion 6.29 100.0 8.61 136,3 1,184 10,072.94 Science 12.67 100.0 14.96 118.0 1,841 21,631.86

Sociology, economics 9.36 100.0 12.38 132.4 4,371 54,129.62

Sports, rec-estion 7.91 100.0 9.98 129,9 124 6,220.90

Technology 13.03 100.0 14.91 114.4 377 12,099.90

Trawl 9.34 100.0 12.30 132.8 1,1C3 13,631 .46

' Excludes paperbacks, Government documents, and encyclopedias.

133

SOURCE: PuVisbers' Week y.

6
Table 168.- Average price and price index for books, periodicals, and serial services: United States, 1967.69 to 1970

Item 1957.59 I 1962 I 1965

1 2 3 4 Hardcover books' $5.29 $5.90 $7.65

Mass market paperback books 121 .53 .63 Trade or higher priced paperbacks 2.12 2.50 Periodicals 4.92 5.92 6,95 Serial services' 39.80 46.18 58.78 Hardcover books' 100.0 111.5 I 144.5 Periodicals 100.0 120.3 141.3 Serial services' 100.0 116.0 147.7 Excludes texts, U.S. documents, and encyclopedias.

'Data not available.

1_ 1966

6

i 1967 r 1968 1969 1970

6 7 8 9 AsereP prise

$7.94 $7.99 $8.47 $9.37 $11.66

.64 .69 .78 .91 .95

2.95 3.09 3.05 3.58 4.81 7.44 8.02 8.65 9.31 10,41 63.64 68.98 70.87 78.79 85.44 Prise Index 11967-69 w 100.0) 150.0 151.0 180.1 177.1 220.4

151.2 163.0 175,8 189.2 211.6

169.9 168.3 178.1 196.0 214.7

Includes business, law, science and technology. U.S. documents, Soviet panda.

tions, and miscellaneous areas.

SOURCES: Publishers' Weekly and Library Journal.

Table 169,-Number and median annual salaries of scientists, by type of employer and by field: United States, 1970

Scientific and technical field Total Type of employer Not em. PloYed Type of

employer not reported Educational institutions Federal Govern. moot Other goviu mend Military

Nonprofit

union.

Industry

and business Self em

ployed Other

1 2 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 Number Ail Rol 312,6441 130,389 31,1111 11,741 7,286 10,811 87,542 6,314 2,116 12,908 2,320

Chemistry 86,980 19,844 5,029 1,493 1,399 2,151 60,890 1,012 879 3,541 742 Earth and marine sciences 23,756 6,535 3,046 1,149 289 249 9,973 1,404 119 889 123 Atmospheric and space sciences 6,837 1,017 2,063 118 2,131 96 768 46 16 341 52 Physics 36,338 18,085 3,912 101 763 902 9,819 286 60 2,116 293 Mathematics 24,400 14,020 1,243 249 674 488 6,384 192 137 1,041 92 Computer sciences 11,324 1,603 882 160 283 401 7,462 134 63 326 10 Agricultural sciences 15,730 3,503 5,725 2,633 199 212 2,681 364 75 311 77 Biological sciences 47,493 28,778 4,912 1,917 1,075 2,956 4,836 891 337 1,425 388 Psychology 26,271 14,865 1,549 2,560 246 2,072 1,943 1,637 166 1,059 184 Stetistics 2,953 1,075 599 139 47 125 773 34 12 127 22 Economics 13,386 7,845 1,513 684 124 630 1,822 2147 47 543 64 Sociology 7,658 5,674 224 300 49 129 67 612 211 Political science 6,493 4.998 349 227 93 219 117 29 53 343 66 Anthropology 1,325 1,070 29 14 2 37 11 16 72 67 7 Linguistics 1,902 1,417 53 7 11 127 54 10 24 187 12 Median Sc teni Aca Calen- den* dar year year A11114148 1115,000 $12,600 $15,600$16,100 $13,000 $16,400 $111,700 $20,000 $14,000 918,000

Chemistry 15,300 12,060 12,000 16,300 12,300 15,000 18,200 20,000 14,400 15,000 Earth and marine sciences 14,900 12,000 14,100 16,000 12,600 14,000 15,700 18,000 12,700 15,500

r.tmospheric and space sciences 15,200 13,500 14,500 15,600 13,200 15,800 15,000 17,500

Physics 15,900 12,500 13,500 17,400 12,100 18,000 18,000 20,000 8,200 Mathematics 14,300 11,900 13,700 17,900 15,000 19,500 19,000 22,000 14,600

Computer sciences 16,500 13,500 14,300 16,800 14,400 17,500 18,800 20,000 16.800 Agricultural sciences 12,800 12,000 15,000 13,100 10,500 14,000 12,200 12,000 11,800 12,000

Biological sciences 15,000 12,200 17,000 16,300 13;4,10 17,000 17,000 25,000 13,000 14,000

Psychology 15,000 13,000 16,000 18,n00 14,500 16,000 19.600 25.000 16,000 17,000 Statistics 16,900 13,500 16,500 19,000 15,100 16,500 17,400 Economics 16,300 13,800 18,000 20,000 17,800 20,000 20,000 20,000 17,000

Sociology 13,000 12,200 15,000 18,400 12,100 14,700 16,200 15.000 Political science 13,100 12,000 15,300 18,600 15,400 18,000 17,700 13,000

Anthropology 14,700 14,000 16,500 19,800 17,000 15,000

Linguistics 12,500 12.500 13,000 15,603 10,000 18,000

NOTE-Medians were not computed for groups with foss* the r 25 regIstran s reporting salary. All data relate to those persons reporting to the National Register of Scientific and Technical Personnel.

134

: National Science Foundation, National Register of Scientific and Tech. nical 1970.
Table 170.- Financlel support for educational research and development, Table 172.-Sources of funds used for research and development:

by sponsoring agency: United States, fiscal year 1968

Agency Amount of support

1 2 Total Office of Edu,:ation

National Soleil." Foundation

National Intlituto of Mental Health

National Institute of Child Health and

Human Development

Office of Economic Opportunity

Department of Wins.

Other Federal agencies (Labor, Commerce, Children's

Bureau. Agriculture, Social Rehabilitation Service,

Food and Drug Administration, Interior, National

Endowment for the Arts, and National Endowment

for the Humanities) Privet" foundations All other (State agencies, higher education

Institutions, professional end academic

associetione, etc.)

$192,290,000

101,967,000

23,326,000

11,660,000

8,377,000

12,800,000

6,046.000

6,725,000

7,344,000

113,845,000

1Includee "'Motu for State and local government agencies.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Office of

Education, Bureau of Research, Educational Research and Development in the

United Stares, July 1989.

Table 171, - Research and development funds related to the

poss national product: United States. 1953 to 1970

(Amounts in millions of dollars)

Year Grou

national product

Research and development

funds Total As perLentage

of gross national Product

1 2 3 4 1953 $364,593 $5,207 1.43

1954 364,841 5,738 1.57 1965 397,960 6,279 1.58 1956 419,238 8,483 2.02

1967 441,134 9,912 2.25

1958 447,334 10,870 2.43

1959 483,650 12,540 2.59

1960 503,756 13,759 2.73

1981 520,109 2.80

1982 560,325 15,666 2.80

1963 590,503 17,371 2.94

1964 632,410 19,215 3.04

1965 684,884 20,449 2.99

1966 747,568 22,2e6 2.98

1967 793,544 23,680 2.98

1968 865,70. 125,330 2.93 1969 931,403 1,26,250 2.82 1970 076.500 '27,250 2.79

'Preliminary estimate.

SOURCES: National Science Foundation, National Perform of R&D "Resources,"

Funds and Manpower In the Unites, States, 1953-70 NSF 69-30; and U.S. Oepart.

mint of Commerce, Office of Business Economics, Survey of Current Businots,

August 1965, July 1970, and April 1971.

135

United States, 1963 to 1970

I In millions of dollen I

Year Total Federal Govern ment Industry

Co 111,941 end uni versifies Other nonprofit

institutions

1 2 3 4' 5 6 1953 $5,207 $2,759 $2,239 $151 SU

1954 5,738 3,138 2,367 167 66

1955 6,279 3,509 2,513 185 72 1958 8,483 4,859 3,336 204 84 1957 9,912 6,119 3,460 230 103 1958 10,870 6,791 3,700 257 122 1959 12,540 8,059 4,057 290 134 1960 13,730 8,752 4,506 328 142

1961 14,562 9,284 4,749 371 168 1962 15,665 9,926 5,114 424 201 1963 17,371 11,219 5,449 485 218

1964 19,21b 12,543 5,884 555 233

1965 20,449 13,025 6,541 615 268 1986 ... 22,285 13,986 7,318 673 306

1967 23,680 14,451 8,145 753 331 19681 25,330 15,005 9,125 840 360

19691 26,250 14,855 1(1,130 885 380

19701 27,250 15,000 10,895 950 405

'Preliminary estimate.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Patterns of R&D Resources,

Funds and Manpower in the United States, 1953-70, NSF 6930.

Table 173.-Sources of funds used for basic research:

United States, 1953 to 1970

(In millions of dollars/

Year

,. Total Federal Govern. ment Industry

Colleges

and uni vanities Other nonprofit

institutions

1 2 3 4 5 6 1953 $489 $234 $148 $73 $34

1954 548 265 161 85 37 1955 608 286 183 99 40

1956 747 345 '39 116 47

1957 857 408 136 57

1958 973 460 282 159 72

1959 1,155 609 280 185 81 1960 1,326 693 331 215 87

1961 1,543 841 350 250 102 1062 1,886 1,091 382 293 120

1963 2,196 1,310 414 343 129 1964 2,560 1,593 425 402 140 19f5 2,858 1,815 449 445 149 1966 3,135 1,988 498 494 157 1367 3,422 2,196 503 551 172 1e66' 3,730 2,405 525 615 185

19691 3,730 2,345 545 645 195 19701 3,935 2.445 585 700 205

'Preliminary estimate.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, National Parrerns of R&D "Resources,"

Funds and Manpower In the United States, 195340, NSF 69-30.
Table 174.-Funds used In the patormance of bale research,

'polled research, end development: United States, 1970

Iln millions of dollars' Sector Total Basic

ringer&

Applied

research Developmint

1 2 3 4 5 Total $27,250 $3,936 $5,915 $17,400 Federal Government 3,650 555 1,275 1,820

Industry 19,250 750 3,550 14,950

Colleges end universitlin 3.400 2,350 770 330 Other nonprofit institutions . 950 280 370 300 NOTE. -Data are preliminary estimates.

SOURCE: National Science Foundation, Natfonel Patterns of R&D "Resources,"

Funds and Manpower in rho United Sion, 195340, NSF 69.30.

Table 175.-Estimated percentages of white end Negro attendance In

elementary and secondary schools, by age of main building: United

States, fell 1965

IN 11 Elementary schools Secondary schools

All Negro White All Negro White

1 2 3 4 6 6 7 Percent of ettendence in

buildings aged:

Less than 20 years 61 63 60 64 60 53 20 to 40 years 20 17 20 29 26 29 At least 40 years is 18 18 17 12 18 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Educe Ion, an,' Welfare. Office of

Educetlun. Commissioner's report on Equality of Educatit.nal Opportunity, July

2, 1965

Table 176.-Number an i percent of Negron attending public elementary anti secondary schools, by geographic area and by level of Isolation:

Fall 1966 and fell 1970

Level of isolation Diritinental Un tad States' 32 northern and western States' 6 border States and D.C.' 11 southern SN es. 1968 1970 1968 1970 1968 1970 1968 1970

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total nrollment 43, 363, 568 44,877,547 28,579,766 29,461,976 3,730,317 3,865,221 11,043,485 11,570,351

Negro enrollment: Number 6,282,173 6,707,411 2,703,066 2,889,858 638,157 667,332 2,942,960 3,150,192 Percent of total 14.5 14.9 9.5 6.8 17.1 1'.'.3 26.8 27.2

*pro*" by level of isolation:

Attending 0 7.9% minority school,: Number 1,467,291 2,223,506 746,030 793,979 180,589 196,658 540,692 1.230,86e Percent 23.4 33.1 27.6 27.6 28.4 29.8 18.4 39.1 Attending 50100% minority schools: Number 4,814,881 4,483,906 1,967,026 2,005,879 455,588 466,703 2,402,268 1,919,323 Percent 76.6 66.9 72.4 72.6 71.6 70.2 81.6 60.9 Attending 80.100% minority schools: Number 4,274,461 3,311,372 1,650.440 1,665,926 406,171 404,396 2,317,850 1,241,050 Percent 68.0 49.4 57.4 57.6 63.8 90.6 789 39.4 Attending 90.100% minority schools: Number 4,041,593 2,907,084 1,388,965 1,475,689 363,060 380,185 2,288,670 1,051,210

Percy,* 64.3 43.3 50.7 51.1 00.2 57.0 779 33.4 Attending 95-100% minority schools: Number 3,832,843 2,563,327 1,196,052 1,288,221 368,149 366,512 2,268,642 919,594 Percent 61.0 38.2 44.3 44.6 67.9 53.3 77.0 29.2 Attending 99.100% minority schools: Number 3,331,404 1,876,767 834,898 878,367 294,844 294,104 2,201,662 704,306 Percent 53.0 28.0 30.0 30.4 46.3 44.1 74.6 22.4 Attending 100% minority schools: Number 2,493,398 941,111 332,406 343,629 160,504 164,409 2,000,486 443,073 Percent 319.'.' 14.0 12.3 119 25.2 23.1 68.0 14.1

' Includes 49 States and the District of Columbia. Excludes Hawaii. Includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colored°, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois,

Indians, lows, Kanass, Maine, Messechusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana,

Nebraska, Nandi, New Hampshire New Jamey, New Mexico. New York, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah,

Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming.

'Includes Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri,

Oklehorne, and West Virginia.

136

Includes Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georg a, Louisiana, Mississippi, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Tannins., Texas, and Virginia.

NOTE.-Dets are based on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3.000 or more

students and a Pimple of smeller districts. Bemuse of computer rounding, detail

may not add to totals.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education. end VVelfent, Office of the

Secretary, Press release dated June 18, 1971.
Table 177.-Number and percent of minority students' attending public elementary and secondary schools, by geographic area and

by level of isolation: Fell 1968 and fall 1970

Lt vel of isolation Continental United St011133 12 northern and western States' 6 border States and D.C.' 11 southern Ste es' 1968

2 1970

3

1968

. 4 1970

. 5 1968 _

6

1970

7 1968 1970

1 8 9 Total enrollment 43,353,568 44,877,547 28,579,768 29,451,976 3,730,317 3,855,221 11,043,485 11,570,351 Minority enrollment: Number 8,656,434 9,389,015 4,441,516 4,843,602 674,289 717,913 3,540,629 3,827,500 Percent of total 20.0 20,9 15,5 16.4 18,1 18.6 32.1 33.1 Minorities by level of isolation:

Attending 049.9% minority schools: Number 2,623,820 3.507,532 1,675,779 1,818,815 217,166 245,729 730,874 1,442,988 Percent , . 30,3 37.4 37.7 37.6 37.2 34.2 20.6 37.7 Attending 50.100%, tinority schools: Number 6,032,615 5,881,483 2,765,737 3,024,786 457,123 472,184 2,809,755 2,384,512 Percent 69.7 62.6 62.3 62.4 67.8 65.8 79.4 62.3 Attending 80.100% minority schuuls: Number 4,987,778 4,134,387 2,002,321 2,185,319 406,894 405,081 2,578,563 1,543,986 Percent 57.6 44.0 45.1 45.1 60.3 56.4 72.8 40.3 Attending 90-100% minority schools: Number 4,561,768 3,472,583 1,686,488 1,828,757 383,6c3 380,697 2,491,587 1,263,128 Percent 52.7 37.0 38.0 37.8 56.9 53.0 70.4 33.0 Attending 95-100% minority schools: Number 4,202,903 2,957,098 1,410,141 1,525,188 368,671 355,839 2,424,090 1,076,071 Percent 48.6 31.5 31.7 31.5 54,7 49.6 68 5 28.1 Attending 99.100% minority schools: Number 3,472,072 2,013,264 907,426 965,834 294,963 294,241 2,269,683 753,189 Percent 40.1 21.4 20.4 15 9 43.7 41.0 64,1 19.7 Attending 100% minority schools: Number 2,542,805 984,885 348,320 369,276 160,552 154,485 2,033,933 461,123 Percent 29.4 10.5 7.8 7.6 23.8 21.5 57.4 12.0

Includes American Indians, Negroes, Orientals, and students with Spanish

surnames.

'Includes 49 States and the District of Columbia. Excludes Hawaii.

'Includes Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Idaho, Illinois,

Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana,

Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North

Dakota, Ohio, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Utah,

Vermont, Washington, Wisconsin. and Wyoming.

includes Delaware, District of Columbia, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Oklahoma, and West Virginia.

'Includes Alabama Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North

Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia.

NOTE.-Data are ba ed on surveys of all school districts enrolling 3,000 or more

students and a sample of smaller districts. Because of computer rounding, detail

may not add to totals.

SDURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and '.Yelfare, Office of the

Secretary, press release dated June 18, 1971.

Table 178.-Estimated median achievement test scores for 1st- and 12th-grade

pupils, by racial and ethnic group: United States, fall 1965

Test Racial or ethnic group Puerto Rican Indian American Mexican American Driental American Negro White

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1st Grade: Nonverbal 45.8 53.0 50.1 56.6 43.4 54.1 Verbal 44.9 47.8 46.5 51.6 45.4 53.2 12th Grade: Nonverbal 43.3 47.1 45.0 51.6 40.9 52.0 Verbal 43.1 43.7 43.8 49.6 40.9 52.1 Reading 42.6 44.3 44.2 48.8 42.2 51.9 Mathematics 43.7 45.9 45.5 51.3 41.8 51.8 General information . 41 7 44..' 43.3 49.0 40.6 52.2 Average A the 5 tests 43.1 4F.1 44.4 50.1 41.1 52.0 NOTE.-This table presents the results of standard achievement tests of certain

intellectual skills such as reading, writing, calculating, and problem solving. The

tests were designed to measure the skills which are the most important in our

society for getting a good job and moving up to a better one, and for full

participation in an increasingly technical world.

137

The scores n each test were standardized so that the average over the national

sample equaled 50 and the standard deviation equaled 10. This means that for all

pupils in the Nation, about 16 percent would score below 40 and about 16

percent would score above 60.

SOURCE: U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Df fice of

Education, Commissioner's report on Equality of Educational Opportunity, July

2, 1966.

"a cJ
Digest of Educational Statistics

INDEX

A

Page

Abandoned instruction rooms 46-47

Accounting, degrees conferred 90

Additions to plant value, higher education 104

Administrative units (school districts) 7 44-45

Adult education:

expenditures, public schools 57

participants in 5

Age:

enrollment by 4

ranges for compulsory and permissive attendance . . . .27

Agriculture:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

enrollment, vocational education 36-37

formal awards, organized occupational curriculums ..96

Algebra, enrollment, public secondary schools 34.35

All levels of education 1.22

American college students abri.aa 126

Annual expenditure per pupil, public elementary and

secondary schools 59

Annual salary. (See Salaries.)

Annuity funds, higher education 105

Applied research funds 112, 114, 136

Architecture:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Associate degrees 97

Auditoriums 49

Auxiliary enterprises, higher education . 97, 100-101, 104

Available instruction rooms 47-49

Average daily attendance 26, 28-29

Average daily membership 26

Average length of school term 26, 28.29

B

Bachelor's degrees 89.93

Bacteriology, degrees conferred 90

Basic administrative units 7, 44-45

Basic research funds 111, 114, 135-136

Biochemistry, degrees conferred 90

Biological sciences:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Biology:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment, public secondary schools 34-35

Board rates 100-101

Bond elec Lions, results of 54

Book and periodical prices 133-134

Botany, degrees conferred 90

Business and commerce:

degrees conferred . 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

formal awards, organized occupational curriculums . .96

Business education, degrees conferred 90

C

Cafeterias 49

Capital outlay: Page

all levels of education 18, 21

higher education. (See Additions to plant value.)

public elementary and secondary schools . . 55-57, 59

Catholic schools:

elementary and secondary

institutions of higher edUcation

Centralized school libraries

Chemistry:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment, public secondary schools 34-35

Church affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 32

institutions of higher education 66, 88

City controlled institutions of higher education 88

City planning:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

City school systems 31

Classrooms. (See Instruction rooms.)

Oassroom teachers:

nonpublic elementary and secondary schools 37.38

public elementary and secondary schools 39-41

secondary schools, by field 37, 41

College faculty. (See Faculty, higher education.)

College graduates, male, by field 94

College students, selected characteristics of 73

Colleges and universities. (See Institutions of higher

education.)

Community colleges, expenditures 57

Community services, expenditures 57

Completed instruction rooms 46-49

Compulsory atter dance, age ranges for 27

Computer science and systems analysis:

degrees conferred 90

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Consultants, public elementary and secondary schools . .40

Counseling and guidance, degrees conferred 91-92

Cuban refugee program funds 118

Current expenditures:

all levels of education 18,21

higher education 101-104

public elementary and secondary schools 55-59

Current-fund income, higher education 97-100

D

Daily attendance as a percent of enrollment 26, 28.29

Degrees, earned:

associate 97

bachelor's, first-professional, master's, doctor's . . .89-95

by sex 90.94, 97

dentistry 93.94

engineering 91, 93

historical summary 93

law 92-94

major field of study 90.92, 94

medicine 93-94

Denominational affiliation:

elementary and secondary schools 32

institutions of higher education 66, 88

Dentistry:

degrees conferred 93.94

enrollment for professional degrees 72

32

66, 88

49

;24 139
Page

Development funds 114, 135.136

Draftees failing mental test 13

Distributive occupations, enrollment 36.37

Districts, school 7,44-45

Doctor's degrees 89.93, 95

Dormitory rooms, charges for 100.101

Dropouts, employment of 124.125

Dropouts, percent of population 14to 19 51 E Earned degrees. (See Degrees, earned.)

Earnings by years of school completed 15.17

Economics, degrees conferred 92

Education:

adult 5

all levels 1.22

degrees conferred 90.91

elementary and secondary 23-60

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

exceptional children 30

Federal programs of 107-122

higher 61-106

selected statistics related to 123-137

structure of XIV

vocational 36-37,59-60

Educational administration and supervision, degrees

conferred 91

Educational attainment . 8.11

Educational exchange program grants 112

Educational research expenditures 117, 135

Education in the Unit Id States, structure of XIV

Elementary andsecondary education 23-60

Elementary and Secondary Education Act . . . .116, 121.122

Elementary education, degrees conferred 91

Elementary schools:

nonpublic 7, 45

public 7, 45

Employment of graduates and dropouts 124-125

Endowment funds 104.105

Engineering:

degrees conferred 91, 93

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

enrollment, higher education 76

graduates, organized occupational curriculums 96

English and journalism:

degrees conferred 91-92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

enrollment, public high schools 35

Enrollment:

adult education 5

advanced degrees 72.73

ages 3-34 and 5-34 4

all levels of education 2-4

by age 4

by grade 25

by race 4

by sex 4

elementary schools:

nonpublic 32-34

public 24-25, 28-29

engineering 76

English:

advanced degrees 72.73

public secondary schools 35

I.5 2

Page

Enrollment : Con tinued

foreign languages:

advanced degrees 72.73

public and nonpublic secondary schools 35

higher education:

advanced degrees 72.73

by sex 62, 67-69, 72-77

by type of institution 67

degree-credit 63-64, 67-69

engineering 76

extension 64, 69

first-professional degrees 64, 69, 72

first-time 63, 69

full-time 62, 69

graduate 64, 68-69, 72-75

junior colleges 67, 75

non- degree - credit 64, 69

part-time 62, 69

privately controlled institutions 62, 66-69

publicly controlled institutions 62, 66-69

resident 64, 68-69

undergraduate 64, 68-69

high schools. (See Secondary schools.)

junior colleges 67, 75

kindergarten 25, 34

land-grant institutions 106

large cities 31

mathematics:

advanced degrees 72.73

public secondary schools 34.35

preprimary programs 34

science:

advanced degrees 72.73

public secondary schools 34.35

secondary schools:

non public 32.34

public 24-25, 27-29

social sciences, advanced degrees 72-73

social studies, public secondary schools 34-35

special education for exceptional children 2-3, 30

vocational education 36-37

Exceptional children, enrollment:

public day schools 30

residential schools 2-3, 30

Expenditures:

adult education 57

all levels of education 18.21

by source of funds 19

community colleges 57

community services 57

Federal Government 19, 1.11422

higher education 101-104

instructional materials 122

libraries 131.133

per pupil, public schools 59

public elementary and secondary schools 55.59

pupil transportation 31

State and local governments 19, 22

summer schools, public elementary and secondary . . .57

vocational education 59-60

Extension courses, enrollment 64, 69

F

Faculty abroad 126

140
Page

Faculty, higher education:

by control of institution 78

by level of institution 78, 81-83

by sex 77-79, 81-83

by type of position 78

demographic and background characteristics of . . .80-81

professional background and academic activity of 80, 82.83

Faculty salaries 84.85

Federally affected areas, aid to 111, 116, 121

Federal programs of education 107.122

Fellowship programs 115

Field of study:

college graduates, male, in population 94

earned degrees 90.92, 94

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

enrollment, secondary schools 34.35

Finances. (See Capital outlay, Current expenditures,

Expenditures, Income, Property, Receipts, Salaries.)

Fine and applied arts:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

First-professional degrees 89, 93.94

First-time college students 63, 69

Foreign languages and literature:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

enrollment, secondary schools 35

Foreign students in American colleges 127.129

Forestry:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Four-year institutions:

enrollment 67, 85

number 85, 87

French:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment, public and nonpublic secondary schools 35

Full-time college students 62, 69

Funds, Federal, for education 107.122

G

General mathematics, enrollment, public secondary schools. 35

General science, enrollment, public secondary schools .34-35

Geography:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Geology, degrees conferred 92

Geometry, enrollment, public secondary schools .34-35

German:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment, public and nonpublic secondary schools . 35

Gifts and grants, higher education 97, 100

Government, degrees conferred 92

Grade enrollment 25

Graduate students:

enrollment 64, 68-69, 72-75

characteristics of 74

socioeconomic background of 74

stipend status of 75

Graduates:

high school:

number 50.51

employment of 124.125

institutions of higher education 89.97

organized occupational curriculums 96

141

Page

Greek and Latin, degrees conferred 91

Gross national product, related to expenditures for

education 20-21

Guidance personnel, public elementary and secondary

schools 40

Gymnasiums 49

H

Health occupations (vocational) enrollment 36.37

Health professions:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Higher education 61-106

High school graduates:

employment of 124.125

nonpublic 50

public 50

total 50.51

High schools. (See Secondary schools.)

Historical summary statistics:

higher education 77

public elementary and secondary schools 28.29

History:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment, public high schools 34.35

Home economics:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

enrollment, vocational education 36-37

graduates, organized occupational curriculums 96

Illiteracy 12.13

Income:

all levels of education 17

by age 15, 17

by years of school completed 15-17

higher education 97-101

personal 58, 103

public elementary and secondary schools 52-54

Indians, enrollment in Federal schools for 2.3

Institutions of higher education:

by control 7, 85, 87.88

by denominational affiliation 88

by size 85

by type 85, 87

conferring most doctor's degrees 95

enrolling largest number of students 65

for men, for women, and coeducational 86

with large libraries 132

Instructional materials, funds for 122

Instructional staff, elementary and secondary schools:

nonpublic 37.38

public 39.41

Instruction rooms:

abandoned 46.47

available 47.49

combustible and noncombustible 4849

completed 46.49

completed before and after 1920 48.49

in permanent and nonpermanent buildings 48.49

Interest payments 55.57, 59

International educational activities 126.131
Page

Italian:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment, public and nonpublic secondary schools . 35

J

Journalism and English:

degrees conferred 91.92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

enrollment, public secondary schools 35

Junior colleges:

enrollment 67 75, 85

number 75, 85, 87

Junior high schools 46

Junior-senior high schools 46

K

Kindergarten, enrollment 25, 34

Labor force status of high school graduates and

dropouts 124.125

Land-grant institutions 106

Latin and Greek, degrees conferred 91

Law:

degrees conferred 92.94

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Length of school term 26, 28-29

Level of school completed 8.11

Liberal arts colleges, enrollment 67

Librarians, public elementary and secondary schools . . . 40

Libraries:

college and university 132-133

health sciences 132

national and other special 132

public 131

Library expenditures:

college and university 132-133

national and other special 132

public 131

Library science:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Lifetime income by years of school completed 16-17

Local basic administrative units 7, 44-45

Local public school systems 30

Local sources, receipts from:

all levels of education 17

higher education 97, 100

public elementary and secondary schools 52-54

Lunchrooms 49

M

Major field of study:

college graduates, male, in population

degrees conferred

94

90-92, 94

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Master's degrees 89.93

Mathematics:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

enrollment, public high schools 34-35

Medical technology, degrees conferred 92

Page

Medicine:

degrees conferred 93-94

enrollment for professional degrees 72

Mentally retarded, enrollment in special education

programs for 30

Mental tests, draftees failing 13

Military science, degrees conferred 92

Minority students:

enrolled in school 4

in elementary and : econdary schools 137

Multipurpose rooms 49

Music, degrees conferred 91

Music education, degrees conferred 90

N

National Defense Education Act (NDEA) 111, 117, 121.122

Negroes:

enrolled in school 4

in elementary and secondary schools 136

institutions attended predominantly by 76

Nonpublic elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 37-38

enrollment 32-34

expenditures 18.19, 21

graduates 50

instructional staff 37-38

number 7 45

Nonrevenue receipts, public elementary and secondary

schools 52

Nonsupervisory instructional staff, public elementary

and secondary schools 40

Nursing and public health nursing, degrees conferred 92

0

Occupations:

high school graduates 125

school dropouts 125

Office occupations (vocational) enrollment 36.37

Office of Education, programs

administered by 115.119, 112-122

One-teacher schools, public elementary 45

Organized occupational curriculums, formal awards

based on 96

P

Part-time college students 62-69

Per capita personal income 58

Percent of population:

3 to 34 years old enrolled in school 4

5 to 34 years old enrolled in school 4

with 4 years of college 10

with 4 years of high school 10

with less than 5 years of elementary school 11 Per pupil cost of transportation 31

Personal income:

per capita 58

related to expenditures for higher education 103

related to expenditures for public elementary and

secondary schools 58

Pharmacy, degrees conferred 92

Philosophy:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

5 142
Page

Physical education, degrees conferred 91

Physical plant, higher education, value of 104.105

Physical sciences:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Physics:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment, public secondary schools 34-35

Plant funds, higher education, value of 105

Political science, degrees conferred 92

Population:

by continent 131

by country 130

college-age 67-68

percent enrolled 4

school-age 27-29

Positions, teaching:

higher education 78

public elementary and secondary schools 40

Postgraduate (high school) enrollment 25

Preprimary programs, enrollment in 34

Principals, public elementary and secondary schools . 40

Private elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 37-38

enrollment 32-34

expenditures 18.19, 21

graduates 50

instructional staff 37-38

number 7 45

Private gifts and grants, higher education 97, 100

Privately controlled institutions of higher education:

endowment 104

enrollment 62, 66-69

expenditures 101.102

faculty 78

income 97.99

number 7 85, 87-88

physical plant value 104

student charges 100-101

Professional degrees 89, 93.94

Professional schools, enrollment 67

Property, higher education, value of 105

Protestant schools:

elementary and secondary 32

institutions of higher education 66, 88

Psychological personnel, public elementary and secondary

schools 40

Psychology:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72.73

Public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 3941

enrollment 24-25, 27.29

expenditures 55-59

graduates 50

instructional staff 3941

number 7 4546

revenue receipts 52-54

Publicly controlled institutions of higher education:

endowment 104

enrollment 62, 66.69

expenditures 101.102

faculty 78

income 97.99

number 7, 85, 87.88

physical plant value 104

Page

Publicly controlled institutions of higher education:-Continued

student charges 100.101

Public school systems 7 4445

Pupil:

enrollment 24.37

expenditures 59

transportation 31

R

Receipts:

all levels of education 17

higher education 97-101

public elementary and secondary schools 52.54

Regular 4-year high schools 46

Religion:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Religious affiliation:

elementa.y and secondary schools 32

institutions of higher education 66, 88

Research and development funds 114, 135.136

Residence and migration of college students 70-71

Residential schools, exceptional children, enrollment 2.3, 30

Retention rates 8.9

Revenue receipts, public elementary and secondary

schools 52.54

Room charges 100.101

Russian:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment, public and nonpublic secondary schools 35

S

Salaries:

higher education:

by academic rank 84-85

privately controlled institutions 84

publicly controlled institutions 84

by size of institution 84

by type of institution 84

library expenditures for 131.133

public elementary and secondary schools:

classroom teachers 42

total instructional staff 41, 43

scientists 134

Salaries offered degree candidates 125.126

School assistance in federally affected areas 111, 116, 121

School bond elections, results of 54

School districts 7 4445

School lunch program funds 112

School plants 4849

School retention rates 8-9

Schools:

elementary and secondary:

nonpublic 7 45

public 7 4546

higher education:

private 7 85, 87.88

public 7 85, 87-88

School systems 7, 44-45

School year, length 26, 28.29

School years completed .8-11

Science, enrollment, public high schools 34-35

143
Scientists:

employer 134

field 134

salaries 134

Secondary education, degrees conferred 91

Secondary schools:

nonpublic 7 45

public:

junior high 46

junior-senior high 46

senior high 46

total 7 45.46

traditional 46

Secondary school teachers:

nonpublic:

all fields 37-38

by field 37

public:

all fields 39, 41

by field 41

Selected statistics related to education in the U.S. . . 123-137

Senior high schools 46

Size of enrollment:

higher education 85

school districts 45

Social sciences:

degrees conferred 92

enrollment for advanced degrees 72-73

Social studies, enrollment, public high schools 34-35

Social work, degrees conferred 92

Sociology, degrees conferred 92

Spanish:

degrees conferred 91

enrollment, public and nonpublic secondary schools . 35

Special education for exceptional children 2.3, 30

Speech and dramatic arts, degrees conferred 91

Staff. (See Faculty, Classroom teachers, Instructional

staff, Teachers.)

State governments, receipts from:

all levels of education 17

higher education 97, 100

public elementary and secondary schools 52-54

Statistics, degrees conferred 92

Student fees, higher education 100-101

Student loan funds 105

Student loan (Federal) programs 105, 111, 116.117

Students. (See Enrollment.)

Subcollegiate departments, higher education:

enrollment

instructional staff

Summer school expenditures, public elementary and

secondary schools 57

Supervisors, public elementary and secondary schools . . 40

Page

2-3

5

T

Teachers:

all levels of education 5-6

elementary and secondary schools:

by field 37, 41

characteristics of 41

nonpublic 37.38

public 3941

higher education: for resident instruction in degreecredit courses .78-79

private ..78

156

Page

public 78

salaries:

higher education 84.85

public elementary and secondary schools 4143

vocational education 37

Teachers and other instructional staff, public

elementary and secondary schools:

number 40

salaries 41, 43

Teachers colleges, enrollment 67

Technical education (vocational) enrollment 36-37

Technical and semiprofessional programs, awards based on.96

Technological schools, enrollment 67

Tests, draftees failing 13

Theological, religious schools, enrollment 67

Theology:

degrees conferred 94

enrollment for professional degrees 72

Trades and industrial training, degrees conferred 92

Trades and industry (vocational) enrollment 36-37

Traditional high schools 46

Traineeship and training grant programs 115

Transportation, public elementary and secondary schools . 31

Trigonometry, enrollment, public secondary schools . . . .35

Tuition and fees, higher education 100-101

Twoyear institutions:

enrollment 67 75, 85

number 75, 85, 87

U

Undergraduate enrollment 64, 68-69

U.S. college faculty abroad 126

U.S. college students abroad 126

U.S. education, structure of XIV

Universities:

enroll ment 67, 85

number 85, 87

V

Value of physical plant and plant funds, higher

education 104-105

Value of nonexpendable funds, higher education . 104-105

Value of property, higher education 104-105

Veterinary medicine:

degrees conferred 94

enrollment for professional degrees 72

Vocational agriculture, enrollment 36-37

Vocational education:

enrollment 36.37

expenditures 59-60

Federal funds for 59-60, 111, 117, 121

teachers 37

Volumes:

college and university libraries 132.133

public libraries 131

special libraries 132

W

Wages or salary of fulltime employees 41

White and nonwhite persons:

enrollment 4

test scores 137

years of school completed 9.11

Z

Zoology, degrees conferred 90

144 * U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1972 0 - 469-119