# Patent

## Title
Image display device and method for manufacturing same

## Abstract

The present invention provides an image display device capable of displaying a good image by suppressing yellowing of a glass substrate, and a high-yield manufacturing method of the glass substrate. The image display device is formed of a front-side glass substrate and a back-side glass substrate. In this manufacturing method, a glass substrate is used as the front-side glass substrate when Sn++ content in the glass substrate is a predetermined value or less, and the glass substrate is used as the back-side glass substrate when the Sn++ content exceeds the predetermined value.

## Background
TECHNICAL FIELD
The present invention relates to an image display device such as a plasma display panel (PDP) and a manufacturing method thereof.
BACKGROUND ART
There are various types of image display devices for displaying a high definition television image on a large screen. PDPs belong to one of the various types. A PDP is hereinafter described as an example.
A PDP is formed of two glass substrates: a front-side glass substrate for displaying an image; and a back-side glass substrate facing the front-side glass substrate. The front-side glass substrate has the following elements:

    
    
        a display electrode that is formed on one principal surface thereof and includes a stripe-like transparent electrode and a bus electrode;
        a dielectric film that covers the display electrode and works as a capacitor; and
        an MgO protective layer formed on the dielectric film.

The back-side glass substrate has the following elements:

        a stripe-like address electrode formed on one principal surface thereof;
        a dielectric film for covering the address electrode;
        barrier ribs formed on the dielectric film; and
        phosphor layers that are formed between the barrier ribs and emit red light, green light, and blue light, respectively.
    
    


As the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate, glass substrates that are easily increased in area, have high flatness, are inexpensive, and are manufactured by a float method are used. These glass substrates are disclosed in Electronic Journal, Separate Volume “2001, FPD Technology Outlook” (Electronic Journal Co. Ltd. Oct. 25, 2000, p 706-p 707).
The float method is a method of forming plate-shaped glass by floating and conveying molten glass material onto molten metallic tin under reducing atmosphere. An inexpensive glass sheet having large area can be precisely manufactured in the float method, so that the float method is in widespread use in manufacturing of a window glass or the like.
When an Ag electrode made of metallic silver (Ag) material is formed on a float glass substrate (this is hereinafter called a glass substrate) manufactured by the float method, however, a colored layer is disadvantageously formed on the surface of the glass substrate and the glass substrate changes into yellow (yellows).
This coloring phenomenon of the glass substrate by the Ag electrode is caused by the following processes:

    
    
        a silver colloid is generated by oxidation-reduction reaction between reducing bivalent tin ions (Sn++) existing on the glass substrate and silver ions (Ag+); and
        light absorption therefore occurs near wavelength of 350 to 450 nm.
    
    


In other words, the glass substrate is exposed to the reducing atmosphere containing hydrogen in a molding process in a float furnace as a molten metallic tin bath. A reducing layer with a thickness of several μm containing Sn++ of the molten tin (Sn) is generated on the surface of the glass substrate. When a bus electrode including an Ag electrode is formed on the glass substrate having the reducing layer on its surface, Ag+ separates from the bus electrode, and infiltrates into the glass due to ion exchange with alkali metal ions contained in the glass. The infiltrating Ag+ is reduced by Sn++ existing in the reducing layer to generate metallic silver (Ag) colloid. The metallic silver (Ag) colloid yellows the glass substrate. The yellowing occurs also on the front-side glass substrate having the bus electrode on the transparent electrode.
When the glass substrate, especially the front-side glass substrate, yellows, the yellowing is fatal in the image display device. Due to the yellowing of the glass substrate, the panel looks yellow, the commercial value decreases, display brightness of blue decreases to change display chromaticity, and color temperature decreases to degrade picture quality especially in displaying white.
These problems occur not only in a PDP but also in a general image display device having a structure where an Ag electrode is formed on a glass substrate.
The present invention addresses the problems described above. The present invention provides an image display device allowing good image display by using a glass substrate apt to yellow especially as the back-side glass substrate, of the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate. The present invention provides a manufacturing method of the image display device.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An image display device of the present invention, for addressing the problems described above, has a front-side glass substrate, and a back-side glass substrate. A glass substrate having Sn++ content exceeding a predetermined value is used as the back-side glass substrate.
Thanks to this structure, when an electrode made of Ag material is formed on the glass substrate manufactured by the float method, a glass substrate apt to yellow is used as the back-side glass substrate. Therefore, an image display device having high image display quality can be provided.
In the manufacturing method of the present invention, an image display device including a front-side glass substrate and a back-side glass substrate is manufactured. When the content of Sn++ on the surface of a glass substrate on which an Ag electrode is to be formed is a predetermined value or less, the glass substrate is used as the front-side glass substrate. When the content of Sn++ exceeds the predetermined value, the glass substrate is used as the back-side glass substrate.
In this method, when an image display device is manufactured by forming an electrode made of Ag material on a glass substrate manufactured by the float method, a glass substrate apt to yellow is used as the back-side glass substrate. This method thus allows manufacturing of an image display device having high image display quality.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a sectional and perspective view showing a schematic structure of a PDP as an image display device in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a graph showing a relation between a surface removing amount and a reflection spectrum of a glass substrate manufactured by a float method.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing a relation between reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm and coloring degree of glass.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing difference ΔR between reflection spectrum RS (λ) of the glass substrate and reflection spectrum RB (λ) in a nonexistent state of Sn++.
FIG. 5 is a graph showing an analyzing result of the reflection spectrum of the glass substrate.
FIG. 6 is a graph illustrating wavelength λ* maximizing difference ΔR between reflection spectrum RS (λ) of the glass substrate and reflection spectrum RB (λ) in a nonexistent state of Sn++.
FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of a manufacturing apparatus of the glass substrate for the image display device in accordance with the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of another manufacturing apparatus of the glass substrate for the image display device in accordance with the exemplary embodiment.
FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of still another manufacturing apparatus of the glass substrate for the image display device in accordance with the exemplary embodiment.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
An exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
A PDP is hereinafter described as an example of image display devices. However, the present invention is also useful for an image display device having a structure where an electrode made of Ag material is disposed on a glass substrate that is manufactured by the float method and has Sn++ on its surface.
FIG. 1 is a sectional and perspective view showing a schematic structure of the PDP. PDP 1 is formed of two glass substrates: front-side glass substrate 3 for displaying an image; and back-side glass substrate 10 facing the front-side glass substrate.
Front substrate 2 of PDP 1 has the following elements:

    
    
        display electrodes 6 that are formed on one principal surface of front-side glass substrate 3 and include scan electrode 4 and sustain electrode 5;
        dielectric layer 7 for covering display electrodes 6; and
        protective layer 8, made of MgO for example, for covering dielectric layer 7.

In scan electrode 4 and sustain electrode 5, for decreasing electric resistance, bus electrodes 4b and 5b made of Ag material are laminated on transparent electrodes 4a and 5a, respectively.

    
    


Back substrate 9 has the following elements:

    
    
        address electrodes 11, made of Ag material, formed on one principal surface of back-side glass substrate 10;
        dielectric layer 12 for covering address electrodes 11;
        barrier ribs 13 formed on dielectric layer 12 at positions corresponding to clearances between address electrodes 11; and
        phosphor layers 14R, 14G, and 14B between barrier ribs 13.
    
    


Front substrate 2 faces back substrate 9 with barrier ribs 13 sandwiched in between so that display electrodes 6 are orthogonal to address electrodes 11, and the outer periphery of the image display region is sealed by a sealing member. Discharge spaces 15 formed between front substrate 2 and back substrate 9 are filled with discharge gas such as Ne-Xe 5% at pressure of 66.5 kPa (500 Torr).
Crossing parts between display electrodes 6 and address electrodes 11 in discharge spaces 15 work as discharge cells 16 (unit light emitting regions).
As front-side glass substrate 3 and back-side glass substrate 10, glass substrates are used that are easily increased in area, have high flatness, are inexpensive, and are manufactured by a float method.
In the structure discussed above, bus electrodes 4b and 5b on front-side glass substrate 3 are formed of Ag electrodes. If front-side glass substrate 3 contains Sn++, the glass substrate yellows even when each of transparent electrodes 4a and 5a is interposed between each of bus electrodes 4b and 5b and glass substrate 3. Depending on the degree of the yellowing, an image display characteristic of the image display device is adversely affected.
Front-side glass substrate 3 of PDP 1, namely an image display device, is analyzed to determine Sn++ content on the surface thereof. Here, bus electrodes 4b and 5b containing Ag are to be formed on front-side glass substrate 3. Back-side glass substrate 10 is also analyzed to determine Sn++ content on the surface thereof. Here, address electrodes 11 containing Ag are to be formed on back-side glass substrate 10.
Specifically, reflectance of the glass substrate at the wavelength of 220 nm is measured, and the analysis is performed based on the reflectance. This method is provided based on inventors' study. The inventors found the following facts:

    
    
        the reflectance near the wavelength of 220 nm increases with increase in Sn++ content on the glass substrate; and
        there is a correlation between the reflectance near the wavelength of 220 nm and coloring of the glass substrate by silver colloid.

Here, the reflectance may be measured by a general measuring device.

    
    


The Sn++ content on the glass substrate is determined by a secondary ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) or an inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry. A predetermined value as an allowance of Sn++ content against yellowing is determined based on a calibration curve derived from the relation between the Sn++ content determined by the spectrometry and the measured reflectance. The allowance of Sn++ content can be therefore determined from the reflectance without breaking the glass substrate.
Firstly, the surface on the non-contact side with tin (top surface) of the glass substrate manufactured by the float method is uniformly removed by thickness of 3, 7, 15, or 20 μm, and reflection spectrum of the remaining glass substrate is measured at a wavelength of 200 to 300 nm. The measurement result is shown in FIG. 2. FIG. 2 also shows a measurement result of a glass substrate without removal for comparison. The reason why the top side surface is removed is as follows. Adhesion and diffusion amounts of tin are less and hence the yellowing degree is lower on the top-side surface than the bottom-side surface (contact side with tin), so that a bus electrode made of Ag material is generally formed on the top-side surface. When the Ag electrode is formed on the bottom side, the coloring degree is two or three times higher than that in the case that the Ag electrode is formed on the top side.
FIG. 2 shows that, when removed thickness is 15 μm or less, reflectance at peak A near the wavelength of 220 nm decreases with increase of the removed thickness. When removed thickness is 15 μm or more, the decrease of the reflectance stops. It is considered that Sn++ content monotonously decreases in the depth direction from the top side of the glass substrate. The result shown in FIG. 2 matches with the consideration, and hence the decrease of the reflectance at peak A is considered to match with the decrease of Sn++ content.
Next, for clarifying a relation between the peak near the wavelength of 220 nm appearing in the reflection spectrum and yellowing of the glass substrate, an Ag electrode is actually formed on the glass substrate and coloring degree of the glass substrate is measured. In other words, 5 μm thick silver paste as the Ag electrode is applied onto the glass substrate by screen printing, they are calcined at 600° C., and a relation between the coloring degree of the glass substrate and reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm is investigated. FIG. 3 shows the investigation result. The coloring degree of the glass substrate is evaluated using b* in an L*a*b* color system (JIS Z 8729). The larger b* value is, the higher the degree of yellowing is. The coloring degree of the glass substrate is measured from the side having no Ag electrode. As shown in FIG. 3, the reflectance of light at the wavelength of 220 nm on the glass substrate and the coloring degree b* of the glass substrate are directly proportional.
The investigation result discussed above shows that increase of the reflectance of the glass substrate at the wavelength of 220 nm has a correlation to the Sn++ content in the glass substrate, namely content of reducing material at least causing yellowing. Therefore, by measuring the reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm, the Sn++ content in the glass substrate on which the Ag electrode is to be formed can be analyzed based on the calibration curve, and the degree of yellowing of the glass substrate can be also estimated.
In FIG. 2, after 15 μm or more thick glass substrate is removed, the reflectance (about 2%) near the wavelength of 220 nm is not resulted from existence of Sn++ but from bottom part of a reflection spectrum having a peak at another wavelength. The stop of the decrease of the reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm is considered to be caused by decrease of the Sn++ content in the glass substrate. FIG. 4 shows difference ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ). Here, RS (λ) is a reflection spectrum of the glass substrate shown in FIG. 2, and RB (λ) is a reflection spectrum in a nonexistent state of Sn++, namely in a state where the removal of 15 μm or more thick glass substrate stops the decrease of the reflectance. Reflection spectrum difference ΔR is considered to indicate the existence of Sn++.
The reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm may be read from a reflection spectrum distribution as shown in FIG. 2. However, for more precisely evaluating signal strength of the reflection spectrum having a correlation to Sn++, the following method can be used. Reflection spectrum is measured in a wider range of wavelength, for example 180 to 280 nm. The measured reflection spectrum is then divided into two Gaussian peaks of a component having a correlation to Sn++ and a component having no correlation to Sn++ shown in FIG. 5 by a curve fitting method using




  
    
      
        
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Where, λ is a wavelength (nm), and M1 to M6 are fitting parameters. For various glass substrates, the peak areas of respective components having a correlation to Sn++ are compared with each other.

The lower limit of the measured wavelength range is set at 180 nm because oxygen in atmospheric air absorbs light at a wavelength lower than 180 nm, hence a vacuum or atmosphere containing no oxygen is required for measurement, and construction of a measuring system and measurement requires much effort.
The position of the wavelength of the peak of the reflectance caused by Sn++ can slightly change depending on the manufacturing condition and the composition of the glass substrate. Therefore, for increasing analysis accuracy of Sn++, it is more effective to analyze not only the reflectance at the wavelength of 220 nm but also the bottom part of the reflectance extending to a wider wavelength range, for example 200 to 250 nm.
Wavelength λ* maximizing difference ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ) in a wavelength range of 200 to 250 nm is considered to indicate the existence of Sn++, as shown in FIG. 6. Here, RS (λ) is a reflection spectrum of the glass substrate, and RB (λ) is a reflection spectrum in a nonexistent state of Sn++. In FIG. 6, wavelength λ* maximizing ΔR (λ) is additionally written in FIG. 4. Sn++ content in the glass substrate is analyzed based on the reflectance RS (λ*) at wavelength λ* or reflectance difference ΔR (λ*)=RS (λ*)−RB (λ*).
The reflectance difference ΔR (λ*)=RS (λ*)−RB (λ*) means the maximum value of ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ). Here, RS (λ) is a reflection spectrum of the glass substrate at wavelength of 200 to 250 nm, and RB (λ) is a reflection spectrum in a nonexistent state of Sn++.
Sn++ locally exists only in a region from the outermost surface of the glass substrate to depth of about 15 μm, as shown in FIG. 2. Therefore, reflection spectrum on the glass substrate of which top part having thickness of 15 μm or more, preferably 20 μm or more, is removed can be set as reflection spectrum RB (λ) in the nonexistent state of Sn++.
Another specific method of analyzing reflection spectrum also including the extending bottom part of the reflection spectrum is provided as follows. A mean reflectance is determined by area integral of reflection spectrum at the wavelength of 200 to 250 nm, for example, and Sn++ content is analyzed.
Either of the methods discussed above is useful for evaluating whether or not a selected glass substrate is optimum for an image display device.
A judgment standard for the analysis result of the Sn++ content on the surface of the glass substrate on which the Ag electrode is to be formed is described hereinafter.
Existence of Sn++ reduces Ag+ of the Ag electrode to generate Ag colloid, and the glass substrate yellows. The coloring (yellowing) degree of the glass substrate is determined based on the Sn++ content, so that the allowance, namely the predetermined value, of the Sn++ content is a judgment standard when the glass substrate is used for an image display device.
As shown in the result of FIG. 2, for preventing the yellowing, it is preferable that the following parameter is smaller:

    
    
        reflectance at a wavelength indicating existence of Sn++, such as reflectance RS (220) at the wavelength of 220 nm;
        reflectance RS (λ*) at wavelength λ* maximizing reflection spectrum difference ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ);
        reflectance difference ΔR (λ*)=RS (λ*)−RB (λ*); or
        mean reflectance RS-mean (200-250) at wavelength of 200 to 250 nm.

Specifically, reflectance RS (220) is 5% or less, reflectance RS (λ*) is 5% or less, reflectance difference ΔR (λ*) is 3% or less, or mean reflectance RS-mean (200-250) is 5% or less.

    
    


In this case, it is verified that the Sn++ content is so low that the yellowing of the glass substrate presents no problem even when an image display device is manufactured by forming an Ag electrode on the glass substrate satisfying the condition discussed above. An image display device having high image display quality is therefore manufactured, by using this glass substrate as the front-side glass substrate and using a glass substrate that does not satisfy the condition as the back-side glass substrate.
However, the low Sn++ content in the glass substrate can be caused by weak reducing force of the atmosphere in a float furnace. In this case, disadvantageously, metallic tin in a tin bath continuously oxidizes and volatilizes in manufacturing the glass substrate. Too low Sn++ content in the glass substrate is not preferable in manufacturing the glass substrate.
It is therefore preferable that reflectance RS (220) is between 2.5% and 5%, reflectance RS (λ*) is between 2.5% and 5%, reflectance difference ΔR (λ*) is between 0.5% and 3%, or mean reflectance RS-mean (200-250) is between 2.5% and 5%.
When a measured reflectance of the glass substrate exceeds the range discussed above, Sn++ content exceeds an allowance where yellowing of the glass substrate is prevented from affecting the image display. In this case, when an image display device is manufactured by forming an Ag electrode on the glass substrate, yellowing producing a defect in the image display device occurs.
When the Sn++ content is determined to exceed the allowance, the reducing force in a float furnace is weakened in manufacturing the glass substrate, and the Sn++ content of the glass substrate is decreased. For weakening the reducing force in the float furnace, specially, hydrogen concentration in the float furnace is deceased. Mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen is generally used as atmospheric gas in the float furnace. The mixed gas contains 2 to 10 vol % of hydrogen. The reducing force is controlled by changing hydrogen concentration in this hydrogen concentration range in response to the allowance of the Sn++ content.
FIG. 7 shows a manufacturing apparatus of the glass substrate. A manufacturing method of the glass substrate is described.
Material for the glass substrate is injected into melting furnace 21, heated to a high temperature to be molten, and then supplied to float furnace 22. Float furnace 22 has molten tin 24 in its lower part, and has reducing atmosphere 25 (mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen) in its upper space for preventing oxidation of tin. Molten glass is continuously moved on molten tin 24 and molded as plate-like glass ribbon 23. Glass ribbon 23 is lifted up from the tin bath and moved to slow cooling furnace 27 by conveying roller 26. Distortion occurring during the molding is decreased by slowly cooling glass ribbon 23 in slow cooling furnace 27.
After the slow cooling process, a surface analyzing process of measuring reflectance with reflectance measuring device 32 and analyzing the Sn++ content of the glass substrate is performed in the manufacturing apparatus in FIG. 7. Reflectance measuring device 32 measures the following parameter:

    
    
        reflectance at a wavelength indicating existence of Sn++ in the glass substrate, such as reflectance RS (220) at the wavelength of 220 nm;
        reflectance RS (λ*) at wavelength λ* maximizing ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ);
        reflectance difference ΔR (λ*)=RS (λ*)−RB (λ*); or
        mean reflectance RS-mean (200-250) at wavelength of 200 to 250 nm.
    
    


When the Sn++ content is determined to exceed the allowance based on the measured reflectance, concentration of the atmosphere gas is controlled to weaken the reducing force in float furnace 22. For preventing yellowing, it is preferable that the reflectance is as low as possible. While, when the reducing force of atmosphere 25 in float furnace 22 is excessively weakened for reducing the Sn++ content in the glass substrate, disadvantageously, metallic tin contained in molten tin 24 continuously oxidizes and volatilizes in manufacturing the glass substrate.
Therefore, when the reflectance corresponding to the Sn++ content in the glass substrate is higher than the allowance value discussed above, the hydrogen concentration of the atmosphere in the float furnace is controlled to be decreased. When the reflectance is lower than the allowance value, the hydrogen concentration is preferably increased for preventing oxidation of the metallic tin.
This reflectance measurement can be performed nondestructively, in a non-contact matter, and in a short time, so that the measurement is applicable also to a process control of a manufacturing process of a glass substrate. The image display device is especially required to be uniform on its surface, so that the reflectance is preferably measured at a plurality of positions for recognizing dispersion on the glass substrate.
The Sn++ content can be evaluated by the secondary ion-mass spectrometry (SIMS) or the inductively-coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry. However, these methods are destructive inspections and can be hardly used for measurement on a large area, so that the methods are inappropriate for in-line measurement of Sn++ content in a glass substrate in the glass substrate manufacturing process. When Sn++ content in a predetermined sample is measured using the methods, reflectance of the sample is measured, and a calibration curve is prepared, however, Sn++ content can be determined based on the reflectance.
When hydrogen concentration of the atmosphere in the float furnace increases, reducing property of the atmosphere is increased to increase the Sn++ content of the glass substrate, and the yellowing of the glass substrate presents a problem, as discussed above. The variation in the Sn++ content of the glass substrate appears as difference in yellowing degree of the glass substrate, so that this variation must be within a certain range. When the reflectance of the glass substrate is higher than the predetermined range discussed above, the hydrogen concentration in the float furnace is decreased. The decreasing weakens the reducing property of the atmosphere, so that the reflectance of the glass substrate can be decreased.
After the surface analyzing process of measuring reflectance, in a cutting process, glass ribbon 23 is cut into an arbitrary size by a cutter 28 and glass substrate 100 is produced.
Though the reducing force in float furnace 22 is controlled to weaken, the analyzed Sn++ content of the glass substrate on which an Ag electrode is to be formed sometimes exceeds the allowance. In this case, as shown in FIG. 8, the Ag electrode receiving surface of the glass substrate is partially removed until the Sn++ content becomes within the allowance in surface removing furnace 29 in a surface removing process. In other words, by controlling the reducing force in float furnace 22 to weaken and by partially removing the surface of the glass substrate, the surface of the glass substrate formed so as to have decreased Sn++ content is further partially removed. In this case, removed thickness can be decreased comparing with the case that the surface is partially removed without controlling the reducing force in float furnace 22. When the reducing force in float furnace 22 is not controlled, as shown in FIG. 2, Sn++ exists in a range from the glass surface to depth of about 15 μm. For thoroughly removing Sn++, the glass substrate having a large area must be uniformly removed by a thickness of 15 μm or more, preferably 20 μm or more. This removing process requires mirror finish, and increasing the removed thickness increases cost extremely, so that decrease of the removed thickness is extremely economical.
The surface removing process may employ a chemical method or a physical method. In the chemical method, the glass substrate surface is etched by dipping glass substrate 100 into etchant 30 such as aqueous hydrofluoric acid or aqueous sodium hydroxide. The physical method includes a buffing method or a sand blasting method. Sufficient surface removing thickness is about 3 to 15 μm, as shown by the study of the reflectance.
In a method shown in FIG. 9, surface removal is performed in surface removing furnace 29, Sn++ content in glass substrate 100 is analyzed again by reflectance measuring device 32 in a second surface analyzing process, and surface removal is performed again if necessary. Thus, the surface analyzing process and the surface removing process are repeated and the surface state of the glass substrate is severely controlled, thereby further increasing the advantage of the present invention.
When the Sn++ content in the glass substrate is determined to be higher than the allowance, the glass substrate is used as a back-side glass substrate of an image display device. When the Sn++ content in the glass substrate is determined to be not higher than the allowance, the glass substrate is used as a front-side glass substrate of an image display device. Reducing atmosphere is not required to be controlled for all glass substrates, and decrease of processes, such as dispensing with the surface removing process, is allowed, thereby improving yield of manufacturing of a glass substrate as a whole.
When a PDP is the image display device manufactured using the glass substrate formed as discussed above, the PDP does not generate yellowing that is so strong as to affect the image display characteristic, and can sufficiently display an image.
An investigation result of the PDP manufactured in accordance with the present invention is described.
The surface of a glass substrate (PD-2000 manufactured by Asahi Glass Co, Ltd.) manufactured by the float method is partially removed so that various amount of the reducing layer remains on the surface of the glass substrate. In other words, a maximum value of ΔR (λ)=RS (λ)−RB (λ), namely difference between reflection spectrum RS (λ) and reflection spectrum RB (λ) in a wavelength range of 210 to 250 nm, is 0.1%, 0.8%, 2.1%, 3.3%, or 4.0%. Specifically, surface removal is performed by dipping the glass substrate into etchant composed of aqueous hydrofluoric acid (10%), and the surface removing thickness is controlled using the dipping period. When temperature of the aqueous hydrofluoric acid is set at 27° C., etching speed is 2 μm/min. After the dipping for a predetermined period, the glass substrate is washed. Then, reflection spectrum is measured. The glass substrate discussed above is used as the front-side glass substrate, and a glass substrate for which ΔR (λ) exceeds 3% is used as the back-side glass substrate.
Using these glass substrates, three kinds of PDPs having different resolution and structure are manufactured, and a relation between reflection spectrum difference ΔR (λ) and coloring degree (b*) by yellowing of the PDPs is evaluated.
PDP111 corresponds to video graphics array (VGA) (480×640 pixel), and has a transparent electrode between an Ag electrode (bus electrode) and a glass substrate. PDP222 corresponds to extended graphics array (XGA) (768×1024 pixel), and has a transparent electrode between an Ag electrode and a glass substrate. PDP333 corresponds to XGA and has no transparent electrode between an Ag electrode and a glass substrate.
Table 1 shows a measurement result of reflection spectrum difference ΔR (λ) and coloring degree (b*) by yellowing of three kinds of PDPs. The value of b* is preferably as small as possible, but, actually, the yellowing has no particular problem when b* is 2 or smaller. The PDPs have no problem as an image display device in the following conditions:

    
    
        ΔR (λ) is about 3% or lower in PDP111 having a transparent electrode between the Ag electrode and the glass substrate and having a wide pixel interval;
        ΔR (λ) is about 2% or lower in PDP222 having a transparent electrode between the Ag electrode and the glass substrate but having a narrow pixel interval; and
        ΔR (λ) is about 1% or lower in PDP333 having no transparent electrode.

Additionally, using a glass substrate for which ΔR (λ) exceeds 3% as the back-side glass substrate allows high-yield manufacturing of an image display device having high image display quality.

    
    











TABLE 1









b*












ΔR [%]
PDP111
PDP222
PDP333







0.1
0.4
0.4
0.5



0.8
0.8
0.6
1.3



2.1
1.2
2.3
2.2



3.3
2.0
2.8
4.2



4.0
2.4
3.4
5.5










The advantage of the present invention is useful for not only a PDP but also an image display device having the structure where an Ag electrode is formed on a glass substrate having Sn++ on its surface. This glass substrate is a glass substrate formed by the float method, for example.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
The present invention provides an image display device that can suppress yellowing from occurring on a glass substrate manufactured by the float method even when an Ag electrode is formed on the glass substrate, and has high image display quality. The present invention provides an entirely high-yield manufacturing method of the image display device by efficiently selecting a glass substrate.
















1
PDP (Image display device)



2
Front substrate



3
Front-side glass substrate



4
Scan electrode



4b, 5b
Bus electrodes (Ag electrodes)



5
Sustain electrode



6
Display electrode



7, 12
Dielectric layers



8
Protective layer



9
Back substrate



10
Back-side glass substrate



11
Address electrode (Ag electrode)



13
Barrier rib



14R, 14G, 14B
Phosphor layers



15
Discharge space



21
Melting furnace



22
Float furnace



23
Glass ribbon



24
Molten tin



25
Atmosphere



26
Conveying roller



27
Slow cooling furnace



28
Cutter



29
Surface removing furnace



30
Etchant



32
Reflectance measuring device



100
Glass substrate

## Claims

1. An image display device, comprising:
a front-side glass substrate having a reflectance not less than 2.5% and not greater than 5% at a wavelength of 220 nm; and
a back-side glass substrate having a reflectance that exceeds 5% at a wavelength of 220 nm,
wherein the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate are manufactured by a float method.

2. An image display device according to claim 1,
wherein the reflectances of the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate at the wavelength of 220 nm are each derived from a reflection spectrum at a wavelength of 180 to 280 nm using





  
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            2
          
          
            M
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              3
              2
            
          
        
      
      }
    
  
  +
  
    M4
    ⁢
    
      
    
    ⁢
    exp
    ⁢
    
      {
      
        -
        
          
            
              (
              
                
                  1240
                  /
                  λ
                
                -
                
                  
                    1240
                    /
                    M
                  
                  ⁢
                  
                    
                  
                  ⁢
                  5
                
              
              )
            
            2
          
          
            M
            ⁢
            
              
            
            ⁢
            
              6
              2
            
          
        
      
      }
    
  



 where λ is a wavelength (nm), and M1 to M6 are fitting parameters.

3. An image display device, comprising:
a front-side glass substrate; and
a back-side glass substrate,
wherein the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate are manufactured by a float method,
wherein the front-side glass substrate has a reflectance not less than 2.5% and not greater than 5% at a maximum difference between a reflection spectrum at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm on a surface of the front-side glass substrate and a reflection spectrum at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm at a section formed by removing 15 μm ̃20 μm of glass from the surface of the front-side glass substrate; and
wherein the back-side glass substrate has a reflectance greater than 5% at a maximum difference between a reflection spectrum at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm on a surface of the back-side glass substrate and a reflection spectrum at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm at a section formed by removing 15 μm ̃20 μm of glass from the surface of the back-side glass substrate.

4. An image display device, comprising:
a front-side glass substrate; and
a back-side glass substrate;
wherein the front-side glass substrate and the back-side glass substrate are manufactured by a float method,
wherein the front-side glass substrate has an average reflectance of not less than 2.5% and not greater than 5% at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm on a surface of the front-side glass substrate, and
wherein the back-side glass substrate has an average reflectance that exceeds 5% at a wavelength of 200 nm ̃250 nm on a surface of the back-side glass substrate.