U.S. Census Bureau A-1

Table A-1.

Types of Health Insurance Among People Aged 15 and 

Over by Labor Force Status: 1997, 2002, 2005, and 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic 1997 2002 2005 2010

Employed

Employment-based health insurance . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Direct-purchase or military-related . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2

Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Unemployed

Employment-based health insurance . . . . . . . . 1.2 1.2 1.1 0.9

Direct-purchase or military-related . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.5

Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7

No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.0

Not in Labor Force

Employment-based health insurance . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.4

Direct-purchase or military-related . . . . . . . . . . 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3

Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3

No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.3 0.3

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation (1996, 2001, 2004, and 

2008 Panels).

Table A-2.

Sources of Employment-Based Health Insurance: 1997, 

2002, 2005, and 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic 1997 2002 2005 2010

Current employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.2

Former employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Someone else’s employer (dependent coverage) . . . . . 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation (1996, 2001, 2004, and 

2008 Panels).

Table A-3.

Reason for Nonparticipation in Employment-Based Health 

Insurance: 1997, 2002, 2005, and 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic 1997 2002 2005 2010

Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6

Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1

Choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.7 0.7 0.6 0.7

Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation (1996, 2001, 2004, and 

2008 Panels).
A-2 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A-4.

Employment-Based Health Insurance Coverage Rates by Selected Worker

Characteristics: 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic Employed

total

Offered Covered

Number Percent Number

Percentage of 

offered

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 550 0.3 461 0.3

Education

Less than high school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309 166 1.1 120 1.5

High school or some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 423 394 0.4 319 0.5

College degree . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 478 418 0.3 363 0.3

Sex

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 374 0.4 343 0.4

Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 349 339 0.4 306 0.5

Race and Hispanic Origin

White, Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 459 434 0.3 381 0.3

Black, Non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190 170 0.7 146 1.0

Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 247 1.0 225 1.1

Age

15 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 550 0.3 461 0.3

15 to 18 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 73 1.8 27 1.8

19 to 25 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 226 0.9 152 1.0

26 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 299 0.4 274 0.4

45 to 64 years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 330 0.4 298 0.4

65 years and older . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 108 1.3 78 1.7

Family Income as Percentage of Poverty1

138 percent or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 210 0.8 145 1.2

139 percent to 250 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 347 282 0.7 224 0.8

251 percent to 400 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 488 411 0.5 304 0.6

401 percent or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 574 481 0.3 386 0.3

1

 Family income thresholds are defined to maintain consistency with income categories specified in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010. For more information on confidentiality protection, 

sampling, and nonsampling errors see <www.census.gov/sipp/source.html>.
U.S. Census Bureau A-3

Table A-5.

Employment-Based Health Insurance by Worker With Working Spouse: 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic

Total

Policyholder only Policyholder and spouse

Number Percent Number Percent

 All working married couples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248 161 0.5 220 0.6

2 offers (both employers offer benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 152 0.7 170 0.8

1 offer (one employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182 70 0.7 159 1.0

0 offers (neither employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 (X) (X) (X) (X)

All Married Couples by Income as Percentage of Poverty1

138 percent or less . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 31 1.9 41 2.4

2 offers (both employers offer benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 23 4.8 26 5.4

1 offer (one employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 20 3.0 33 4.6

0 offers (neither employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 (X) (X) (X) (X)

139 percent to 250 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113 58 1.4 77 1.6

2 offers (both employers offer benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 49 2.5 52 2.7

1 offer (one employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 35 2.1 63 2.6

0 offers (neither employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 (X) (X) (X) (X)

251 percent to 400 percent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 77 1.1 124 1.2

2 offers (both employers offer benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 66 1.5 90 1.6

1 offer (one employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95 38 1.5 79 1.9

0 offers (neither employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 (X) (X) (X) (X)

401 percent or higher . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201 122 0.7 192 0.8

2 offers (both employers offer benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 125 0.9 148 1.0

1 offer (one employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 49 1.0 122 1.3

0 offers (neither employer offers benefits) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 (X) (X) (X) (X)

(X) Not applicable.

1

 Family income thresholds are defined to maintain consistency with income categories specified in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010. For information on confidentiality protection,

sampling, and nonsampling error see <www.census.gov/sipp/source.html>.
A-4 U.S. Census Bureau

Table A-6.

Health Insurance Coverage Type by Age, Sex, and Labor Force Status: 2010—Con.

(Standard errors)

Characteristic

15 years

and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years

and over

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

 Employed . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Current employer . . . . . . . . . 461 0.3 27 0.8 152 0.7 274 0.4 298 0.4 78 1.1

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 110 0.1 2 0.1 16 0.1 56 0.1 78 0.1 43 0.7

Somebody else’s employer 

 (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . 249 0.2 30 0.9 55 0.3 162 0.3 168 0.3 47 0.7

Privately purchased or 

 military-related . . . . . . . . 250 0.2 32 1.0 91 0.5 119 0.2 137 0.2 101 1.3

Public health insurance . . . . 162 0.1 43 1.2 73 0.4 110 0.2 64 0.1 63 0.9

No health insurance . . . . . . . 344 0.2 45 1.3 147 0.8 220 0.4 172 0.3 19 0.3

 Unemployed . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 78 0.5 9 0.9 22 0.7 45 0.7 58 1.2 14 3.0

Somebody else’s employer

 (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . 95 0.6 9 0.9 20 0.7 61 0.9 56 1.1 17 3.5

Privately purchased or 

 military-related . . . . . . . . 76 0.5 15 1.6 28 0.9 42 0.7 34 0.7 29 4.8

Public health insurance . . . . 112 0.7 38 3.5 47 1.5 67 1.0 49 1.0 20 4.2

No health insurance . . . . . . . 178 1.0 27 2.6 73 1.8 119 1.5 89 1.5 4 0.9

 Not in labor force . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 189 0.2 31 0.2 37 0.4 41 0.3 118 0.6 135 0.4

Somebody else’s employer 

 (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . 230 0.2 64 0.5 59 0.7 128 0.9 143 0.6 112 0.3

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . 258 0.3 77 0.6 72 0.8 60 0.5 94 0.4 206 0.6

Public health insurance . . . . 335 0.3 113 0.9 81 0.9 127 0.8 154 0.7 183 0.6

No health insurance . . . . . . . 246 0.3 85 0.6 111 1.2 135 0.9 130 0.6 35 0.1

Male

 Employed . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Current employer . . . . . . . . . 343 0.4 21 1.3 96 0.9 210 0.6 219 0.6 58 1.5

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 86 0.1 2 0.1 16 0.2 46 0.1 64 0.2 38 1.0

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 0.2 24 1.4 34 0.4 106 0.3 106 0.4 33 0.9

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . 183 0.2 25 1.5 63 0.7 99 0.3 97 0.3 69 1.6

Public health insurance . . . . 104 0.1 27 1.6 41 0.4 68 0.2 41 0.1 46 1.1

No health insurance . . . . . . . 243 0.3 27 1.6 101 1.0 158 0.5 130 0.5 15 0.4

 Unemployed . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 61 0.7 8 1.6 18 1.1 38 1.1 45 1.6 11 5.9

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 0.7 2 0.4 12 0.7 40 1.1 40 1.4 11 5.4

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . 53 0.6 9 1.9 23 1.3 35 1.0 26 1.0 17 7.4

Public health insurance . . . . 67 0.8 21 3.7 31 1.8 35 1.1 31 1.1 12 6.3

No health insurance . . . . . . . 142 1.2 20 3.4 67 2.6 100 1.8 72 2.1 – –

 Not in labor force . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X)

Previous employer . . . . . . . . 145 0.4 23 0.3 25 0.6 30 0.9 89 1.0 100 0.7

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 0.3 47 0.7 35 0.9 32 0.9 60 0.8 58 0.4

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . 153 0.4 56 0.8 46 1.1 41 1.1 57 0.7 117 0.9

Public health insurance . . . . 205 0.5 78 1.2 52 1.2 88 2.0 103 1.3 112 0.8

No health insurance . . . . . . . 153 0.4 54 0.8 73 1.7 82 2.1 84 1.0 29 0.2

See notes at end of table.
U.S. Census Bureau A-5

Table A-6.

Health Insurance Coverage Type by Age, Sex, and Labor Force Status: 2010—Con.

(Standard errors)

Characteristic

15 years 

and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years 

and over

Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Female

 Employed . . . . . . . . . .

Current employer . . . . . . . . . .

Previous employer . . . . . . . . .

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health insurance . . . . .

No health insurance . . . . . . . .

 Unemployed . . . . . . .

Previous employer . . . . . . . . .

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health insurance . . . . .

No health insurance . . . . . . . .

 Not in labor force . . .

Previous employer . . . . . . . . .

Somebody else’s employer 

(dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Privately purchased or 

military-related . . . . . . . . . . .

Public health insurance . . . . .

No health insurance . . . . . . . .

(X)

306

58

201

133

105

193

(X)

41

69

45

83

97

(X)

119

204

167

229

181

(X)

0 .4

0 .1

0 .3

0 .2

0 .2

0 .3

(X)

0 .6

0 .9

0 .6

1 .1

1 .3

(X)

0 .2

0 .4

0 .3

0 .4

0 .3

(X)

15

–

20

23

31

29

(X)

1

8

12

30

15

(X)

20

40

48

75

55

(X)

0 .9

–

1 .2

1 .4

1 .8

1 .7

(X)

0 .3

1 .9

2 .7

5 .2

3 .3

(X)

0 .3

0 .6

0 .8

1 .1

0 .9

(X)

100

2

50

58

60

96

(X)

14

16

16

35

39

(X)

26

48

51

66

77

(X)

1 .0

0 .0

0 .6

0 .7

0 .7

1 .1

(X)

1 .1

1 .3

1 .3

2 .4

2 .6

(X)

0 .6

1 .0

1 .0

1 .3

1 .5

(X)

189

30

138

56

74

138

(X)

25

49

22

54

64

(X)

24

124

44

92

108

(X)

0 .6

0 .1

0 .5

0 .2

0 .3

0 .5

(X)

0 .9

1 .6

0 .8

1 .6

2 .0

(X)

0 .2

1 .1

0 .5

0 .8

1 .0

(X)

203

42

137

72

49

100

(X)

32

43

22

36

56

(X)

72

131

63

96

93

(X)

0 .6

0 .2

0 .5

0 .3

0 .2

0 .4

(X)

1 .4

1 .9

1 .1

1 .7

2 .4

(X)

0 .6

0 .8

0 .5

0 .7

0 .7

(X)

50

26

34

58

39

8

(X)

10

12

23

16

4

(X)

90

101

134

118

21

(X)

1 .6

0 .9

1 .2

1 .7

1 .3

0 .3

(X)

3 .6

4 .2

6 .2

5 .6

1 .5

(X)

0 .5

0 .5

0 .7

0 .6

0 .1

– Represents or rounds to zero .

(X) Not applicable .

Source: U .S . Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010 . For information on confidentiality protection, 

sampling, and nonsampling error see <www .census .gov/sipp/source .html> .
A-6 U.S. Census Bureau Table A-7. Characteristics of Health Insurance for Workers by Firm Size: 2010 (Standard errors) Characteristic All firms Employees 0–24 25–99 100–499 500–999 1000+ Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent All employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employer does not offer health insuranc . . . . . . . . . . . Employer offers health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by own employer health insurance (Percentage of all employed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by own employer health insurance . . . . . . . . . . 100 percent of premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . Partial premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan characteristics (percentage of all covered): Employer offers multiple plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by HMO plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan does not cover pre-existing conditions . . . . . . . . . Part-Time Workers Only Part-time employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employer does not offer health insurance . . . . . . . . . . Employer offers health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by own employer health insurance (Percentage of all employed) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by own employer health insurance . . . . . . . . . . 100 percent of premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . Partial premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No premium paid by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan characteristics (percentage of all covereded): Employer offers multiple plans . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Covered by HMO plan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plan does not cover pre-existing conditions . . . . . . . . . (X) 424 550 461 (X) 290 443 111 415 35979 (X) 257 243 120 (X) 62 10330786920 (X) 0 .3 0 .3 0 .3 (X) 0 .4 0 .4 0 .2 0 .5 0 .5 0 .1 (X) 0 .6 0 .6 0 .4 (X) 1 .4 1 .5 0 .8 1 .4 1 .5 0 .5 (X) 254 234 170 (X) 110 13236 110 10520 (X) 145 10248 (X) 2832825227 (X) 0 .7 0 .7 0 .6 (X) 1 .2 1 .2 0 .5 1 .2 1 .2 0 .3 (X) 1 .1 1 .1 0 .6 (X) 3 .9 3 .8 1 .6 3 .6 3 .6 1 .3 (X) 131 216 174 (X) 98 14027 124 11026 (X) 717038 (X) 18311027208 (X) 0 .7 0 .7 0 .8 (X) 1 .0 1 .0 0 .3 1 .2 1 .2 0 .3 (X) 2 .0 2 .0 1 .3 (X) 4 .4 4 .8 2 .7 5 .1 4 .6 2 .2 (X) 100 233 193 (X) 102 16632 135 12024 (X) 567241 (X) 1635103025Z (X) 0 .6 0 .6 0 .8 (X) 0 .9 1 .0 0 .3 1 .0 1 .1 0 .3 (X) 1 .9 1 .9 1 .8 (X) 3 .9 4 .4 2 .6 5 .9 5 .2Z (X) 63 171 137 (X) 71 11830 1028821 (X) 415530 (X) 1823621204 (X) 0 .7 0 .7 1 .0 (X) 1 .3 1 .4 0 .6 1 .4 1 .4 0 .4 (X) 2 .9 2 .9 2 .4 (X) 6 .2 6 .2 2 .7 6 .1 6 .4 1 .8 (X) 181 504 379 (X) 197 36378 329 24959 (X) 113 18285 (X) 457321655515 (X) 0 .3 0 .3 0 .4 (X) 0 .5 0 .5 0 .2 0 .6 0 .6 0 .2 (X) 0 .9 0 .9 0 .7 (X) 2 .0 2 .1 1 .0 1 .9 2 .1 0 .7 (X) Not applicable . Source: U .S . Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010 . For information on confidentiality protection, sampling, and nonsampling error see <www .census .gov/sipp/source .html> .
U.S. Census Bureau A-7

Table A-8.

Employment-Based Offer and Coverage Rates by Industry and Occupation: 2010

(Standard errors)

Characteristic

Employed total

Offered Covered

Number Percent Number

Percentage of 

offered

 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 550 0.3 461 0.3

Industry

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 131 0.8 108 1.7

Agriculture and mining . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 80 3.0 71 2.7

Construction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 130 1.3 113 1.4

Manufacturing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 282 0.7 258 0.7

Wholesale and retail trade . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 238 0.7 187 0.9

Transportation, communication, public utilities . . . . . 182 174 0.9 151 1.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate............... 297 278 0.7 236 0.6

Education, health, and social services . . . . . . . . . . . 371 352 0.4 282 0.6

Arts and recreation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 181 1.1 110 1.2

Other services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 114 1.7 100 2.0

Public administration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 205 0.6 173 0.9

Occupation

Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 131 0.8 108 1.7

Management and professional . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458 408 0.3 342 0.4

Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 259 0.7 185 0.8

Sales and office . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 365 311 0.5 246 0.7

Farming, fishing, and forestry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 60 3.3 51 4.7

Construction, extraction, maintenance, and repair . . 198 166 1.0 152 1.0

Production and transportation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290 265 0.8 221 0.9

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010. For more information on confidentiality protection, 

sampling and nonsampling errors see <http://www.census.gov/sipp/source.html>.
A-8 U.S. Census Bureau Table A-9. Reasons for Not Participating in an Employer Health Insurance Plan by Age, Sex, and Race: 2010 (Standard errors)Characteristic 15 years and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years and over Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent All nonparticipants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 0.6 57 2.6 128 1.5 94 0.8 100 0.9 50 2.4 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 0.1 0 0 21 0.4 21 0.2 20 0.2 10 0.6 By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 0.7 33 2.5 96 1.5 164 0.9 161 1.1 59 2.5 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 0.5 17 1.3 53 0.9 100 0.8 88 0.8 34 1.8 Male nonparticipants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 0.9 37 4.1 81 2.1 74 1.3 65 1.5 34 3.1 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 0.2 0 0.1 16 0.6 12 0.2 18 0.4 7 0.8 By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 1.1 25 3.7 69 2.1 117 1.6 102 1.7 39 3.3 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 0.8 17 2.5 38 1.4 76 1.2 63 1.3 27 2.5 Female nonparticipants . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 0.7 41 3.4 85 1.9 71 1.0 80 1.2 35 3.4 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 0.2 – – 13 0.4 19 0.3 11 0.2 8 0.9 By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 0.8 22 3.3 65 1.9 126 1.3 107 1.2 40 3.4 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 0.5 7 1.1 31 1.0 60 0.9 53 0.9 20 2.2 White, non-Hispanic nonparticipants . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 0.7 50 3.0 107 1.8 76 0.9 88 1.1 45 2.6 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 0.1 – – 16 0.4 18 0.2 14 0.2 10 0.7 By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 0.8 24 2.7 72 1.7 128 1.2 137 1.3 51 2.6 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 0.6 15 1.6 48 1.2 66 0.8 75 0.9 31 2.0 Black, non-Hispanic nonparticipants . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 1.9 17 8.3 43 4.1 43 2.6 33 2.6 16 8.0 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 0.4 – – 3 0.4 6 0.4 10 1.0 4 2.7 By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90 1.9 9 7.2 33 3.8 58 2.9 46 3.1 16 7.0 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 1.2 6 5.2 17 2.3 33 2.2 25 2.2 8 5.1 Hispanic nonparticipants . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Ineligible . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 1.6 25 9.4 37 3.7 45 2.3 29 3.2 8 11.1 Denied . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 0.5 – – 13 1.5 9 0.5 11 1.2 – – By choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 1.8 17 9.1 48 3.9 71 2.8 52 3.6 18 12.5 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 1.4 5 2.7 16 1.9 48 2.3 33 3.1 12 9.6 – Represents or rounds to zero. (X) Not applicable. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling and nonsampling error see <www.census.gov/sipp/source.html>.
U.S. Census Bureau A-9 Table A-10. Reasons for Not Participating by Choice in an Employer Health Insurance Plan by Age and Sex: 2010 (Standard errors) Characteristic 15 years and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years and over Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent All nonparticipants by choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Other health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 0.8 29 6.3 65 2.6 127 1.3 141 1.1 51 2.1 Medical savings account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 0.1 – – 7 0.3 10 0.2 13 0.2 – – No family coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 0.1 – – 6 0.3 13 0.2 9 0.2 – – Too costly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 0.7 13 5.3 70 2.7 95 1.2 59 0.9 20 2.2 Pre-existing condition not covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.1 – – 3 0.1 5 0.1 9 0.1 6 0.7 Too many limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 0.2 – – 12 0.6 19 0.3 20 0.3 7 0.9 No need or want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 0.3 8 3.7 22 1.1 28 0.4 17 0.3 9 1.1 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 0.3 4 1.7 28 1.4 35 0.5 28 0.5 10 1.2 Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 0.3 4 2 20 1 26 0.4 24 0.4 6 0.7 Male nonparticipants by choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Other health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 1.2 24 5.8 41 3.4 77 2.1 87 1.8 34 3.2 Medical savings account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0.2 – – 7 0.7 7 0.3 11 0.4 – – No family coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 0.2 – – – – 9 0.3 7 0.3 – – Too costly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 1 5 5.4 44 3.5 73 1.8 41 1.5 12 2.6 Pre-existing condition not covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0.1 – – – – 5 0.2 4 0.2 6 1.4 Too many limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 0.3 – – 5 0.6 13 0.5 12 0.5 7 1.6 No need or want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 0.4 1 0.9 17 1.7 19 0.6 13 0.5 4 0.9 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40 0.6 4 3.9 16 1.7 27 0.9 18 0.7 8 1.9 Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 0.5 – – 18 1.8 21 0.7 19 0.8 4 0.9 Female nonparticipants by choice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) Other health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 1 16 8.8 49 3.7 103 1.6 102 1.4 36 3.4 Medical savings account . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 0.1 – – 8 0.2 8 0.2 – – No family coverage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 0.2 – – 6 0.6 9 0.3 6 0.2 – – Too costly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 0.9 12 7.9 48 3.5 64 1.4 43 1.2 15 3.6 Pre-existing condition not covered . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 0.1 – – 3 0.3 – – 8 0.2 2 0.5 Too many limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 0.3 – – 11 1 13 0.3 16 0.5 3 0.7 No need or want . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 0.3 8 6.3 14 1.3 22 0.6 12 0.3 8 2 Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 0.4 1 0.6 23 2.1 23 0.6 21 0.6 6 1.5 Unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 0.3 4 3.6 11 1 17 0.5 16 0.5 4 1 – Represents or rounds to zero. (X) Not applicable. Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010. For information on confidentiality protection, sampling and nonsampling error see <www.census.gov/sipp/source.html>.
A-10 U.S. Census Bureau Table A-11. Health Insurance Status of Workers Not Participating in their Employer’s Plan by Age and Education: 2010—Con. (Standard errors) Characteristic 15 years and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years and over Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent All Nonparticipants Not offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less Than High School Not offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High School or Some College Not offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 63 169 200 147 307 (X) 78 191 141 101 190 (X) 17465570 184 (X) 1840253975 (X) 39 115 11891 210 (X) 45 1108272 132 (X) 0 .2 0 .4 0 .4 0 .3 0 .6 (X) 0 .3 0 .5 0 .4 0 .3 0 .5 (X) 0 .2 0 .7 0 .7 0 .9 1 .2 (X) 0 .7 1 .5 1 .0 1 .5 2 .0 (X) 0 .2 0 .6 0 .6 0 .5 0 .9 (X) 0 .3 0 .7 0 .6 0 .5 0 .8 (X)

–

22273139

(X)

2

20202822

(X)

–

17232528

(X)

2

13162215

(X)

–

14182118

(X)

–

16131715

(X)

–

1 .21 .31 .51 .9

(X)

0 .11 .61 .72 .21 .8

(X)

–

1 .41 .71 .92 .1

(X)

0 .31 .92 .32 .92 .1

(X)

–

2 .02 .62 .92 .7

(X)

–

2 .92 .43 .22 .7

(X)

11

456656

124

(X)

11416454

103

(X)

5

9

131955

(X)

–64

1728

(X)

8

41504798

(X)

11

35464279

(X)

0 .2

0 .60 .90 .81 .3

(X)

0 .20 .71 .10 .91 .5

(X)

0 .7

1 .11 .82 .42 .9

(X)

–

2 .41 .56 .16 .8

(X)

0 .2

0 .81 .00 .91 .6

(X)

0 .3

0 .81 .11 .01 .6

(X)

32999191

185

(X)

43

137

6664

136

(X)

8

241541

120

(X)

9

24

8

2153

(X)

17635063

136

(X)

2271384488

(X)

0 .20 .60 .50 .60 .8

(X)

0 .40 .90 .50 .50 .9

(X)

0 .30 .80 .51 .31 .6

(X)

1 .1

2 .70 .92 .33 .3

(X)

0 .31 .00 .80 .91 .4

(X)

0 .51 .40 .81 .01 .5

(X)

48

116116

55

160

(X)

64

129

723388

(X)

1528212776

(X)

1224111536

(X)

27766138

100

(X)

3289372360

(X)

0 .30 .80 .80 .40 .9

(X)

0 .61 .00 .70 .30 .8

(X)

0 .81 .41 .01 .41 .9

(X)

1 .93 .71 .92 .44 .0

(X)

0 .51 .21 .10 .71 .4

(X)

0 .91 .81 .00 .61 .3

(X)

2738775416

(X)

35335638

7

(X)

–8

222413

(X)

12

4

1512

3

(X)

16234633

8

(X)

20233323

5

(X)

0 .91 .21 .81 .70 .5

(X)

1 .81 .82 .42 .00 .4

(X)

–

2 .54 .55 .63 .5

(X)

7 .32 .78 .57 .32 .1

(X)

1 .51 .92 .92 .50 .7

(X)

2 .53 .23 .82 .90 .7

See notes at end of table .
U.S. Census Bureau A-11 Table A-11. Health Insurance Status of Workers Not Participating in their Employer’s Plan by Age and Education: 2010—Con. (Standard errors) Characteristic 15 years and over 15–18 years 19–25 years 26–44 years 45–64 years 65 years and over Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent College Graduate Not offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offered by employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Previous employer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Someone else’s employer (dependent) . . . . . . . . . . . Privately purchased or military-related . . . . . . . . . . . . Public health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . No health insurance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 53 118 13266 150 (X) 64 173 10061 103 (X) 0 .3 0 .8 0 .7 0 .4 0 .8 (X) 0 .4 0 .9 0 .7 0 .4 0 .7 (X)–22–– (X)––22– (X)– 15 .6 14 .8–– (X)–– 34 .6 34 .6– (X)618401846 (X)426422654 (X) 0 .5 1 .3 2 .5 1 .3 2 .4 (X) 0 .3 2 .0 2 .8 1 .8 3 .3 (X) 27757743 108 (X) 35 118504077 (X) 0 .4 1 .2 1 .1 0 .7 1 .4 (X) 0 .5 1 .3 0 .7 0 .6 1 .1 (X) 3991853494 (X) 52 116612255 (X) 0 .6 1 .2 1 .2 0 .5 1 .2 (X) 0 .8 1 .3 1 .0 0 .4 0 .9 (X) 263155372 (X) 252635315 (X) 1 .6 1 .9 2 .7 2 .2 0 .2 (X) 2 .5 2 .6 2 .9 3 .0 0 .5 – Represents or rounds to zero . (X) Not applicable . Source: U .S . Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2008 Panel, May–August 2010 . For information on confidentiality protection, sampling and nonsampling error see <www .census .gov/sipp/source .html> .