Smaller Foraminifera From 

Deep Wells on Puerto Rico 

and St. Croix 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 863 
Smaller Foraminifera From 

Deep Wells on Puerto Rico 

and St. Croix 

By RUTH TODD and DORIS LOW 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 863 

Planktonic and benthonic Foraminifera (about 230 

species) from the Miocene and the Oligocene in 

three test wells along the south-central coast 

of Puerto Rico. Middle Miocene age of beds in 

three test wells on St. Croix based on restudy 

of their planktonic Foraminifera ( 42 species) 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON 1976 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

THOMAS S. KLEPPE, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

V. E. McKelvey, Director 

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data 

Todd, Ruth, 1913-

Smaller Foraminifera from deep wells on Puerto Rico and St. Croix. 

(Geological Survey professional paper; 863) 

Bibliography: p. 

Includes index. 

Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.16:863 

1. Foraminifera, Fossil. 2. Paleontology-Miocene. 3. Paleontology-Oligocene. 4. Paleontology-Puerto Rico. 5. 

Paleontology-Virgin Islands of the United States-St. Croix. I. Low, Doris, joint author. II. Title. III. 

Series: United States. Geological Survey. Professional paper; 863. 

QE772.T594 74-20632 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 

Stock Number 024-001-02683-8 
CONTENTS 

Abstract 

Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Puerto Rico test wells ____________________________________________________________________ _ 

Planktonic fauna ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Test well CPR-1 ________________________________________________________________ _ 

Test well CPR-2 _________________________________________________________________ _ 

Test well CPR-3 _____________ --------------- _______________ --------------- _______ _ 

Benthonic fauna ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Test well CPR-1 _____________________________________________________ ----- _______ _ 

Test well CPR-2 _______________________________ ----------------------------------- Test well CPR-3 ____________________________________ ----- ___________ -- ___________ _ 

Foraminifera in modern bottom sediments off Puerto Rico ------------------------------------

Outcrops of the Juana Diaz Formation ------------------------------------------------------ St. Croix test wells _________________________________________ ------- ______ ---- _ ---- _ -- _----

Faunal reference lists ____________________________________________________________________ _ 

Planktonic species ______________________________________ -- _________________________ ---

Benthonic species ---------------------------------------------------------------------

References cited ---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Index ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ILLUSTRATIONS 

LPlates follow index] 

Page 

1 

1 

3 

4 

4 

5 

5 

7 

7 

12 

13 

14 

14 

16 

19 

19 

20 

25 

29 

PLATES 1-8. Benthonic smaller Foraminfera from Puerto Rico test wells. 

FIGURE 

TABLE 

9. Planktonic smaller Foraminifera from Puerto Rico test wells. 

10-12. Planktonic smaller Foraminifera from St. Croix, Virgin Islands. 

1. 

2. 

3. 

4-7. 

Index map of Puerto Rico and St. Croix, showing well and outcrop sample locations --------------

Diagram showing correlation of drill holes CPR-1, CPR-2, and CPR-3 on Puerto Rico----------

Chart showing ranges of the planktonic species from deep wells on Puerto Rico -------------------

Charts showing occurrence of planktonic Foraminifera in: · 

4. CPR-1 well cuttings ___________ ------------------------------------------------------

5. CPR-2 well cuttings _____________ - _ -- _ -- _ ---------------------------------------------

6. CPR-3 well cuttings ______________ --------- _ ------------------------------------------

7. Three wells on St. Croix, Virgin Islands ----------------------------------------------

TABLES 

1. Occurrences of benthonic Foraminifera in Puerto Rico wells and outcrops --------------------------

2. Outcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation in southern Puerto Rico --------------------------

III 

Page 

1 

2 

4 

5 

6 

6 

18 

Page 

8 

15 

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON 

PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

By RuTH ToDD and DoRIS Low 

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION 

Three test wells reveal a thick section of Tertiary sediments 

along the south-<oentral coast of Puerto Rico. Relatively shallow and nearshore Miocene sediments are characterized by 

A mphistegina an gulata and Elphidium lens. The Oligocene is 

of a deeper environment characterized by abundant globigerinids, Camerina, and a diverse fauna of mostly deep-water 

benthonics. The tops of the r espective formations are significantly nearer the surface toward the west. 

Restudy of the planktonic portion only of the rich fauna in 

well cuttings from three test wells on St. Croix, Virgin Islands, permits the upper part of the section to be dated as 

middle part of the middle Miocene (N.12 or N.13) and the 

lower part as lower part of the middle Miocene ( N .9 to N .11) . 

In 1959-60 the Kewanee Interamerican Oil Company drilled three test wells-CPR-1, CPR-2, and 

CPR-3-along the coast of southern Puerto Rico 

between Ponce and Santa Isabel (fig. 1), a distance 

of about 16 km (10 miles). The wells were drilled by 

rotary methods, and only cuttings were available for 

study. 

18°7 130" 18° 

25 0 

I I I 25 0 

0 Pefiuela 

J 

5 

5 

I I 

I 

0 

I I I I I I 

0 

These wells penetrated between 4,000 and 7,500 

feet of sedimentary and volcanic rocks. The cuttings 

from the wells yielded microfossil faunas of variable 

oC:J (? 

1:> ~= 

c;:::.:;::=o VIRGIN ISLANDS 

ST CROIX c= 

30' 66 U5' 

c:? uana Diaz 0 Coamo 

e Pe 46-1 • Po 88 

Po 91,92 • e 

Po 35-1,2,3• Po 134 

5 

0 Ponce 

I 

5 

CPR-3 

• 

10 KILOMETRES 

I 

I 

10 MILES 

e CPR-2 

FIGURE 1.-Location of three deep wells and eight outcrop samples of Juana Dfaz Formation on Puerto Rico. 

1 
2 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

richness. In the upper parts of the wells the sediments are Holocene to Miocene in age, and the contained Foraminifera are almost exclusively benthonic. Below the Miocene section are Oligocene sediments (zones N.1 and N.2) containing a predominantly planktonic assemblage of Foraminifera. The 

Oligocene sediments rest unconformably on sedimentary and volcanic rocks of Cretaceous and Eocene age. 

In their upper parts the wells pass through unconsolidated material, mostly sand, gravel, and 

cobbles, probably of alluvial-fan origin. This alluvialfan deposit of Holocene to Miocene ( ?) age is thickest toward the east, where CPR-1 penetrates nearly 

3,000 feet of the deposit. To the west it is only about 

550 feet thick in CPR-3, and about 1,400 feet thick 

in CPR-2 (fig. 2). 

Und~rlying the alluvial deposit is the Ponce Limestone, about 750 feet thick in CPR-3 at the west and 

about 500 feet thick in CPR-1 at the east. The Ponce 

has not been positively recognized in CPR-2 although the Miocene reef Foraminifera characteristic of it are present in an 1,100-foot interval (1,400 

ft to 2,510 ft) in that well. 

At 1,300 feet in well CPR-1, in the upper part of 

the alluvial deposit more than 1,600 feet above the 

top of the Ponce Limestone, a Miocene assemblage 

dominated by the two large and robust species Amphisteyina angulata and Elphidium lens is first 

encountered. This same assemblage is not met in 

CPR-3 until some several hundred feet below the top 

of the Ponce Limestone. We have interpreted this 

Amphistegina angulata-Elphidium lens assemblage 

as a time line in the Miocene. The position of this 

time line-well above the Ponce Limestone in the 

east and well below it in the west-leads us to conclude that while the reef limestone was being buried 

under alluvial material in the east it was still being 

formed toward the west. 

Below the Ponce Limestone, the Juana Diaz Formation of Miocene ( ?) and Oligocene age is clearly 

recognizable by its rich assemblage of both planktonic and deep-water benthonic Foraminifera. The 

tops of this distinctive Oligocene fauna are at 3,500 

WEST EAST 

3EA CPR-3 LEVEL~---. 

CPR-2 CPR-1 SEA 

fw 

w 

Ll.. 

z 

__J 

w 

> 

w 

__J 

<( 

w 

(f) 

$: 

0 

__J 

w 

C!l 

I 

fa.. 

w 

0 

1000 

2000 

3000 

4141 --4----1 

(!262m) 

Holocene to Miocene(?) alluvial deposits 

(Monroe, 1973, p. 1094) 

Top of/Amphtstegma angulata-£/phtd!Um lensltauna 

------------------ Holocene. to Miocene(?) ~UuviaL.deposits 

'(Monroe, 1973, p)094l 

Eocene(?) and Cretaceous(?) volcanic and sedimentary rocks 

u.919 

(1501ml 

r---.- LEVEL 

1000 

2000 

4000 

5000 

6000 

7000 

L---...........JL- 7 480 

(2280m) 

FIGURE 2.-Corcr:elation of drill holes CPR-1, CPR-2, and CPR- 3, on the basis of smaller Foraminifera (shaded sections not studied). See figure 1 for well locations. 
INTRODUCTION 3 

feet toward the east in CPR-1, at 2,510 feet in CPR2, and at 1,600 feet toward the west in CPR-3. 

Because of extensive downward contamination 

caused by caving of the poorly consolidated rocks in 

the wells, the lower limits of the Juana Diaz Formation cannot be detected on the basis of the Foraminifera contained in the cuttings. Other evidence 

(electric logs and physical examination of cuttings), 

however, indicates that pre-middle Tertiary volcanic 

rocks and sedimentary rocks of Eocene and Cretaceous age are penetrated at 4,270 feet in CPR-1, 

at 3,760 feet in CPR-2, and at 2,848 feet in CPR-3 

(Monroe, 1973, p. 1094). 

Only a few Eocene Foraminifera, however, are 

found with the Tertiary species in these lower sections. Foraminifera of Cretaceous age are even 

sparser, being found only in the lower part of well 

CPR-2. 

Altogether 213 species (one given a new name and 

six indeterminate) and four subspecies of benthonic 

Foraminifera were identified. Fourteen planktonic 

species (none new) constitute the predominating 

Foraminifera population found in the lower (Oligocene) parts of the wells. Comparison with the various assemblages of Foraminifera in outcrops of the 

Juana Diaz Formation (shown in fig. 1) confirm the 

recognition of the Oligocene in the wells. The top of 

the OHgocene is about 1,900 feet nearer the surface 

in the westernmost well than in the easternmost well, 

and in the middle well it is about 1,000 feet nearer 

the surface than in the easternmost well. 

Two previous reports of planktonic Foraminifera 

from the Juana Diaz Formation (Gordon, 1961, and 

Pessagno, 1963) are in conflict, possibly because of 

different definitions of what constitutes the Juana 

Diaz. Gordon included the Juana Diaz, or at least the 

part of it that he studied, in the lower Miocene and 

reported such Miocene forms as Globoquadrina altispira and Globigerinoides trilobus immaturus in the 

Juana Diaz. Neither of these are present in the test 

wells, nor in the Juana Diaz outcrops that we 

studied. Moreover, the planktonic species that are 

present in the wells and in the outcrops comprise an 

association that excludes the Globoqua.drina and 

Globigerinoides that Gordon reported in the Juana 

Diaz. 

Pessagno (1963, p. 54), in studying the planktonic 

Foraminifera from three localities in the upper part 

of the Juana Diaz, reported seven species and three 

subspecies. On the basis of these forms he correlated 

the beds with two planktonic zones currently designated N.1 and N.2 and placed in the Oligocene. 

In a preliminary report on the Juana Diaz and 

Ponce Formations, Seiglie and Bermudez (1969) list 

many planktonic and benthonic species from both 

formations. Their dating of the Juana Diaz is the 

same as that of Pessagno (1963). A revision (Moussa and Seiglie, 1970) of the mid-Tertiary stratigraphy of southwestern Puerto Rico, including discussions of the dating of the j uana Diaz Formation by 

planktonic Foraminifera, retains the .Juana Diaz in 

zones N.1 and N.2. 

Glover, in showing the generalized lithology of the 

three test wells (1971, p. 75, fig. 30), included tentative formational boundaries. On the basis of the 

smaller Foraminifera in the well cuttings, slightly 

different paleontological boundaries can be recognized as indicated in figure 2. We cannot, however, 

recognize the unconformity that separates the sedimentary rocks from the volcanic rock as shown by 

Glover (1971, fig. 30). This unconformity appears to 

be totally obscured through downward contamination by the rich faunas higher in the wells. 

In the Virgin Islands, a rich population of Foraminifera in three wells was restudied in order to 

determine more precisely the age of these sections. 

These wells, drilled in 1938-39 in the central part of 

the island of St. Croix, about 185 km (120 miles) 

east-southeast of the site of the Puerto Rico wells, 

were originally studied about 30 years ago by Cushman (1946a). In the light of the current planktonic 

zonation, the deeper well (No. 1, sampled to 1,450 

feet) penetrated beds whose faunas indicate a middle Miocene age (N.12 or N.13) in the upper third 

of the well and a slightly older age (N.9 to N.11) in 

the lower two-thirds of the well. The faunas in the 

two shallower wells (Nos. 2 and 3, sampled to about 

390 feet and 130 feet respectively) appear to correlate approximately with the lower two-thirds of the 

section in the deeper well. 

Acknowledg,rnents.-We are indebted to many colleagues for advice and criticism in connection with 

our study of the well cuttings. In particular we 

acknowledge the aid of Watson H. Monroe and K. 

Norman Sachs, Jr., who made available comparative 

material for our study. We are grateful to Richard 

Margerum who prepared thin sections of some of 

the ~specimens, to Robert H. McKinney who photographed some of the larger specimens, and to JoAnn 

Sanner who did some of the initial preparation of 

the well material. The smaller specimens were photographed by the senior author, and all illustrations 

of specimens were retouched by the junior author. 

PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 

Cuttings of three deep wells drilled on the south 

coast of Puerto Rico contain an abundance of plank-
4 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

tonic species. The age of the beds penetrated is based 

chiefly on these species. Each of these wells passes 

through, in its upper part, alluvial sand and gravel 

of indeterminate age and a section of Miocene sediments in which planktonic specimens are very rare 

or absent. This section extends down to 3,500 feet in 

well CPR-1, to 2,510 feet in CPR-2, ·and to 1,600 

feet in CPR-3. 

At these three levels, the composition of the fauna 

changes abruptly; the planktonic population increases in quantity and changes in species composition, and the benthonic population becomes more 

varied, a majority of species having deep-water 

paleoecologic indications. 

PLANKTONIC FAUNA 

The age of the planktonic fauna found in these 

three deep wells can best be detern1ined by the 

overlapping ranges of several of the species, as indicated in figure 3. 

Planktonic zones 

Because the samples are cuttings rather than 

cores, it is impossible to be precise about the zone or 

zones of the Oligocene to which these beds belong or 

whether more than one zone is represented. It seems 

likely that zones N.1 and N.2 are represented in the 

part of the J·uana Diaz Formation penetrated by 

these three drill holes. 

In the discussions that follow, the occurrences of 

the planktonics are recorded for each well in figures 

4 to 6. 

TEST WELL CPR-1 

The deepest of the three wells, CPR-1, penetrated 

the least well preserved 'planktonic popul·ation. 

At 3,500 feet an abundance of planktonic specimens abruptly appears (fig. 4). This new fauna is 

interpreted as the top of the Oligocene. The dominant 

species are Globigerina ciperoensis, G. conglomerata, 

G. eocaena., G. ofjicinalis, and G. opima. Minor elements include Cassigerinella chipolensis., ChiloguemI p ··I p is! P. 161 P. 17 P. 18 ·I P. 19[. N. 1 I N. 21 N. 3 N. ·I N 5 [ N 6! N 71 N 8 Species 

"' . Cassigerinella chipolensis 

- Chiloguembelina cubensis 

.Globigerina ampliapertura 

G. ciperoensis 

--;;;> G. conglomerata 

- G. dissimilis ... 

./ ? G. eocaena ... 

G. gortanii 

./' G. hexagona ... 

? G. officinalis 

? ? G.opima 

G. sellii 

./ 

... ? G. yeguaensis 

I I I I I I I I I I I I 

I Late Eocene Oligocene Early Miocene 

? 

FIGURE 3.-Ranges of the planktonic species from deep wells on Puerto Rico. 
PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 5 

belina cubensis, Globigerina ampliapertura, G. dissimil·is, G. yeguaensis, G. hexagona, and Globorotalia 

bolivariana. 

Because the samples are cuttings, the depth at 

which the rich fauna diminishes cannot be determined. But it appears likely that below about 4,300 

feet the fauna is poorer than it is above. Hence the 

zone of abundant planktonics extends for only about 

800 feet in this well. 

The only species in the lower part of CPR-1 that 

is not also present above is Globorotalia bolivariana. 

This species has been reported only in the middle 

Eocene of Colombia and Peru, and its presence in 

the lower part of this as well as the other two Puerto 

Rico wells, even though sparse and scattered, may 

indicate middle Eocene beds. 

Depth below 

sea level 

(in feet) 

0 

3000 

3100 

3200 

3300 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

I 

-

-

-

-

._ 3400 

3500 

3600 

3700 

·3800 

3900 

.4000 

4100 

4200 

4300 

4400 

4500 

4610 

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

. ~ 0' 

~ ~ ~I ....... Gr.!~ ..,..,;) 

~·"' ..0 0 !-. 

·~ ~ ~.<io ·~ ~ l»~~~t;.~ 

·~.~~jl~ ,.,~ . .,~ 0 ~ 

0;1.,)~ l.l!t>) 0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

.s ·~ ~ ~ ·~ "' <» 0 

~ d § :~ 0 

0 ~ !-. ~ g> ·~ 

~ <» "' 0 I.) 

~ "' I.) ~ 

~ . ., ·0 <» ·~ I.) ~ <» ~ 

I.S I.S I.S ~· ~ I.S 

No planktonic Foraminifera 

0 

-'"' "I" I 0 

0 

I 

0 

0 <6 0 

0 

0 

0 

l 

0 

~ 

Depth below sea level 

(in metres) 

·~ ·~~ ~ d:O 

~ 0~ ~ ~.~ ~-g-o 

I_Sc:5..0 

0 

f- 1000 

I f- 1100 

0 

0 

Oi-1200 

0 

- 1300 

o· 1397 

FIGURE 4.-0ccurrence of planktonic Foraminifera in CPR-1 

well cuttings. Unbroken line indicates more or less continuous occurrence; circle indicates scattered occurrence. 

Unlike the other two wells, CPR-1 includes rare 

planktonics of Miocene age in the Oligocene section, 

particularly specimens of Globigerinoides. Possibly 

these are cavings from above. 

TEST WELL CPR-2 

Well CPR-2 penetrates a much thicker Oligocene 

section than CPR-1. The top of the Oligocene is 

penetrated nearly 1000 feet higher, at 2,510 feet 

(fig. 5). Although planktonic fossils are abundant in 

cuttings to the bottom of the well at 4,900 feet, specimens in the lower part of the well are considered 

contaminants from higher beds. 

In CPR-2 the top of the Oligocene section is signified. by the appearance together at 2,510 feet of 8 

of the 15 pl-anktonic species; 5 additional species appear respectively at 100 feet ( G lo big erina eocaena) , 

320 feet (G. dissimilis), 390 feet (G. yeguaensis), 

450 feet (G. gortanii), and 570 feet (G. sellii) below 

the top of the Oligocene section . 

The first appearance of Globorotalia bolivariana 

in this well at a depth of 4,430 feet probably indicates a middle Eocene age. A single nontypical specimen of the Eocene species Globorotalia centralis at 

3,850 feet further supports the existence of the 

Eocene in this well. 

Evidence of Cretaceous beds is provided by Cretaceous genera in three samples near the bottom 

of the well : Globotruncana at 4,260 and 4,330 feet 

and H eterohelix and Rotalipora? at 4,360 feet. 

These four Cretaceous specimens appear to have 

been filled and recrystallized, unlike the far more 

abundant Tertiary specimens with which they are 

found. Inasmuch as the samples are cuttings, it is 

impossible to determine whether the rich Oligocene 

fauna is a result of contamination from higher in 

the section or whether the Cretaceous specimens 

have been redeposited in Eocene or Oligocene sediments. 

Approximately 1,045 feet at the bottom of the 

hole, that is. below about 3,875 feet, is indicated 

(Glover, 1971, p. 75 and fig. 30) to be within volcanic rocks of pre-middle Tertiary age. However, the 

cuttings from the presumed barren rock reflect no 

diminution of Foraminifera fauna until about 4,160 

feet. 

TEST WELL CPR-3 

CPR-3 contains the richest and best preserved 

planktonic assemblage and the thickest Oligocene 

section. The top of the Oligocene is nearer the surface than in the other two wells, being penetrated at 

1,600 feet, and the rich planktonic fauna that appears at that level seems to continue essentially un-
6 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

Depth below 

sea level 

(in feet) 

1500-

1600-

1700-

' 1800-

1900-

2000-

2100-

2200-

2300-

2400-

2500- - 2600-

. 2700-

2800-

2900-

3000-

3100-

3200-

3300-

3400-

3500-

3600.:.. 0 

3700- 0 

0 

0 

0 

3800-

3900-

4000-

4100-

4200-

; I 

0 

0 

No planktonic Foraminifera 

0 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 0 

- -

0 

--

0 

0 0 

8 

0 

0 

0 

0 

Depth below 

sea level 

(in metres) 

~500 

r--600 

r--700 

r-8oo 

-- r- 900 

r-1000 

f-llOO 

~1200 

changed and undiminished to the bottom of the well 

at 4,140 feet (fig. 6). 

The planktonic faunas in CPR-2 and -3 are 

similar to that in CPR-1 but are better preserved. 

The dominant species are the same five that are 

listed for CPR-1, and the six minor elements listed 

for that well are also present in CPR-2 and -3, along 

with two additional ones: Globigerina .qortanii and 

G. selUi. 

Depth below 

sea level 

(in feet) ~ ~ 

0 

I 1400~ 

1500 - 1600 1-

1700 1-

1800 1-

1900 ·-

2000 

2100 

2200 

2300 

2400 

-

-

-

-

-

,_ 2500 

2600 

2700 

2800 

1-

,_ 

-

2900 ·-

3000 1-

3100 -

,_ 3200 

3300 

3400 

,_ 

1-

~· ~ ... 

;:I ......;:. ~ ~ ~ "'""' -c ~ ... ·~ "'., ~ ~ <~)·~·~ "'"' @' <»- ;::1,: <l)"o' 

·~.~ g>~.~~ 

d~]~ :£ § C,) C,) C!l 

.s ·~ ~ ., ... ., ] ~ "' .,., .,., 

"' ~ :~ ~ .,., "' ~ "' c c c "' ~ ... -~ ·~ j "' ., ~ <.:> "' ~ ... ~ 

·~ ·~ i§ <.:> c c c <>.) 

<.:> <.:> ~ <>.) ~ .0::: 

cS cS cS cS cS cS cS 

No planktonic Foraminifera 

. 

0 

Depth below 

sea level 

(in metres) 

·~ ·~ ~ 

~ ~ ]·~ 

.~ .,., ~ ~ 8 .,., 

~ ~ g. _g~ c ., ~ c c 

cS cS cS c:s-c. 

.o 

. r- 500 

r- 600 0 

0 

f- 700 

0 

0 

f- 800 

0 

1-900 0 

0 

0 0 

1-1000 

r--1300 3500 1-

4300- 0 

4400-

4500- 0 

4600-

4700-

4800-

0 

0 

0 

0 0 

0 

f-1400 

0 

4900~------~-----~-4-----~~------~---~-----------~1500 

FIGURE 5.-0ccurrence of planktonic Foraminifera in CPR-2 

well cuttings. Unbroken line indicates more or less continuous occurrence; circle indicates scattered occurrence. 

3600 1-

3700 

3800 

,_ 

-

3900 1-

4000 -

4140 

0 

I 0 

,... 

gt-1100 

0 

0 

<) 

0 

1- 1200 

0. 

0 

1255 

FIGURE 6.-0ccurrence of planktonic Foraminifera in CPR-3 

well cuttings. Unbroken line indicates more or less continuous occurrence; circle indicates scattered occurrence. 
PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 7 

In CPR-3 all the planktonic species except Globigerina sellii, G. dissimilis, G. gortanii, G. yeguaensis, 

and Globorotalia boliva1'iana first appear together at 

I,600 feet, the beginning of the Oligocene section. 

The five mentioned species appear respectively at 

IOO, I80, I80, 400, and 340 feet below the presumed 

top of the Oligocene section. The existence of the 

Eocene species Globorotalia bolivar1:ana at I,940 

feet, well above the presumed base of the Oligocene, 

may be attributed to reworking of underlying 

Eocene beds. 

The only other indications of Eocene in this well 

are two nontypical specimens of Globo1·otalia centralis at 3,040 feet, but the associated benthonic species are not compatible with an Eocene age. 

The generalized stratigraphic sections of the three 

wells, discussed and diagrammed in Glover ( I97I, 

p. 75 and fig. 30), indicate that in CPR-3 the bottom 

I,300 feet ( ±) is in volcanic rocks of pre-middle 

Tertiary age. The richness of the Foraminifera 

fauna in the cuttings from the I,300-foot section 

below 2,800 feet, however, continues undiminished 

to the bottom of the well at about 4,I40 feet. 

BENTHONIC FAUNA 

A total of 2I8 benthonic species was identified 

from the three test wells; about 85 percent of the 

species occurred in the lower (Oligocene) parts of 

each well and over I6 percent were from the upper 

(Miocene) parts of the wells. About 2lj~ percent of 

the species probably occur in both Miocene and Oligocene sections. Because the samples are cuttings 

rather than cores, there is a large amount of downward contamination throughout the wells which 

masks the change from one fauna to another and 

effectively prevents the recognition of the lower 

boundaries of the faunas. 

Of the I88 species in the Oligocene parts of the 

wells, the majority have more or less restricted 

ranges and virtually all have been previously reported from nearby areas, such as St. Croix (Cushman, I946a), the Dominican Republic (Bermudez, 

I949), Haiti (Coryell and Rivero, I940), Cuba 

(Hadley, I934; Palmer, I940, I94I; Palmer and 

Bermudez, I936), Jamaica (Cushman and Jarvis, 

I930; Cushman and Todd, I945), Barbados (Beckmann, I953), Panama (Coryell and Embich, I937), 

the Goajira Peninsula of Colombia (Becker and 

Dusenbury, I958), Venezuela (Blow, I959; Hedberg, 

I937; Renz, I948), Ecuador (Galloway and Morrey, 

I929; Stainforth, I948), Trinidad (Bolli, I957; 

Cushman and Renz, I947; Cushman and Stainforth, 

I945; Nuttall, I928a), Florida (Cole and Ponton, 

1930; Cushman, I930; Cushman and Ponton, I932a; 

Puri, I953), the Gulf Coastal Plain (Akers, I955; 

Cushman, I922, I935a; Cushman and Cahill, I933; 

Cushman and Ellisor, I945; Cushman and McGlamery, 1938, 1942; Todd, I952), and Mexico (Nuttall, 

1932). 

Galloway and Heminway's (I94I) study of the 

Tertiary Foraminifera of Puerto Rico, a study based 

on outcrop samples, includes a large proportion of 

the species present in the three test wells. Their 

study included both the north and south sides of the 

island. On the south side of the island, their outcrop samples were taken in the region just west of 

the site of the wells CPR-I, -2, and -3. Their samples were stated to be from the Ponce Limestone 

which they considered to be late Oligocene and early 

Miocene in age and to overlie the Juana Diaz Formation. They studied no samples from the adjacent 

outcropping Juana Diaz. Fifty-six of the species they 

reported in the Ponce Limestone on the south shore 

of Puerto Rico are the same species that we have 

identified in wells CPR-I, -2, and -3, and 44 of 

these 56 appear to be restricted to the lower (Oligocene) sections of these wells. Thirty-four of the 

species they reported from formations along the 

north shore of Puerto Rico are the same as species 

we have identified in the three ·wells, and all but 

eight of these appear to occur chiefly in the upper 

(Miocene) sections of these wells. This resemblance 

to the upper parts of the CPR wells may be due 

chiefly to facies resemblance. 

In general, the benthonic fauna in each well confirms the age and the paleoecology of the p}anktonic 

fauna. The upper (Miocene and post-Miocene) section of each well lacks planktonics and contains a 

nearshore fauna with some brackish components. 

With the appearance of the Oligocene globigerinids 

at 3,500 feet in CPR-I, at 2,5IO feet in) CPR-2, and 

at I,600 feet in CPR-3, the associated Oligocene 

benthonic fauna indicates a deep~r water environment farther from shore. 

Table I shows top occurrences for each benthonic 

species in the drill holes and species distribution in 

the eight outcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation. (See discussion that follows that of the test 

wells.) 

TEST WELL CPR-1 

Preservation in this well is very poor throughout. In the upper 3,500 feet, well CPR-I passes 

through a Holocene to· Miocene section of varying 

richness. Down to about 3,000 feet the fauna is generally poorer than in the section between 3,000 and 

3,500 feet. In this poorer (upper) section, the assemblage consists of the two large species A mphistegina angulata and Elphidium lens, accompanied by 

only rare specimens of the following: 
8 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

TABLE 1.-Top occurrences of benthonic Foraminifera in Pue-rto Rico wells with their age and ecologic indications and their occurrences in outcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation 

Species 

Alabamina polita -------------- AUomorphina macrostoma -----

Ammonia beccarii -------------

beccarii tepida ------------ Ammospirata mexicana -------

Amphiategina angulata -------- canaensia ----------------- ftoridana ----------------- rotundata -----------------

ap ------------------------ Angulogerina cooperenaia ------

jamaicensia --------------- rugoplicata --------------- vicksburgensis ------------

Anomalina alazanenail! -------- cocoaensia ----------------- glabrata ------------------ granosa ------------------ Archaias angulatus -----------

Astacolus crepidulus ---------- Asterigerinata bracteata ------

Baggina cojimarenaia ---------

Bolivina ariana --------------- byramensis ---------------- choctawensis -------------

'f:fa,~~':n~ia -::::::::::::::·: 

m!lxicana. aliformis -------- oltgocaentca --------------- rhomboidalis -------------- tectiformis _______________ _ 

tortuosa ------------------ (Loxostomum) limbata ___ _ 

Bulimina affinis --------------- bleeckeri _______ ------ ___ --

exilia tenuata ------------- impendens ---------------- marginospinata ----------- sculptilia ________________ _ 

Camerina panamensis ---------

Cancris auriculus ------------- Cassidulina carapitana _______ _ ltavanensia _______________ _ subglobosa _______________ _ 

Cassidulinoides bradyi ----------

simplex ------------------. Ceratobulimina alazanenaia ___ _ Cerobertina bartrumi ________ _ 

Chilostomella cylindroides ----- globata __________________ _ 

Chilostomelloides oviformis ----- Cibicidella variabilis __________ _ 

Cibicides ftoridanus ----------- lobatulus ______ -- _______ --· mexican us • ----- _________ _ 

Pseudoungcrianus --------- robertsoniamts ------------ trinitatensia -------------- Cibicidina choctawensis -------- m iasissippiensia __________ _ 

sp ------------------------ Clavulinoides triangularis ____ _ 

Cribrogloborotalia marielina __ _ 

Cribropullenia marielensis ____ _ 

Cyclammina cancellata -------- Cycloloculina cub ens is ________ _ 

Cymbaloporetta squammosa ___ _ Dentalina consobrina _________ _ 

j~~J::;::~~fs -::::::::::: = :: mucronata ___ ------ ______ -

Dorothia cylindrica ------------

,Ehrenbergina bicornis --------- Ehrenbergina? aff. E. pupa ___ _ 

Ellipsocristellaria sp ---------- Ellipsoglnndulina exponens ___ _ 

multicostata -------------- Ellipsoidina ellipsoides _______ _ 

Elphidium discoidale ---------- jimbriatulum ------------- lens ___ -------------------- lobatum ________________ --

mexicanum --------------- poeyanum ---------------- puertoricense ------------- sagra 

Wells 

(Depths in feet; 

metres=feet X 0.3048) 

CPR-1 CPR-2 CPR-3 

3,530 

1,240 

1,750 

3,540 

310 

3,060 

a,010 

4,560 

4,220 

3,500 

3,510 

3,510 

1,240 

3,600 

3,820 

3,300 

3,600 

3,520 

3,510 

3,630 

3,500 

3,520 

3,550 

3,500 

3,520 

3,530 

3,510 

3,510 

3,530 

4,020 

3,550 

3,740 

3,540 

3,530 

3,500 

3,510 

3,580 

3,500 

3,590 

1,240 

3,500 

3,500 

3,590 

3,500 

3,580 

3,540 

3,540 

3,550 

3,970 

3,540 

4,050 

3,970 

3,520 

3,530 

1,400 

3,520 

1,300 

3,450 

2,950 

1,240 

3,020 

1,240 

2,510 

500 

1,200 

3,040 

800 

2,900 

580 

1,800 

2,810 

2,510 

3,100 

4,070 

3,340 

3,200 

4,360 

3,140 

400 

3,380 

3,160 

1,910 

3,340 

1,700 

2,510 

3,140 

1,800 

2,710 

1,911() 

3,160 

500 

2,610 

4,330 

3,040 

3,000 

2,710 

3,220 

2,510 

3,530 

2,€10 

3,14o' 

2,510 

2,510 

3,140 

2,960 

2,510 

500 

2,510 

1,910 

2,810 

2,160 

4.160 

2,310 

3,660 

3,740 

3,870 

4,800 

2,9€0 

3,140 

3,140 

2,960 

2,550 

1,800 

1,200 

1,200 

1,200 

500 

1,940 

1,98(}1 

900 

1,200 

1,600 

600 

490 

990 

3,440 

1,980 

2,380 

1,600 

1,9!!0 

1,780 

1,'120 

1,900 

1,200 

2,540 

2,660 

900 

1,600 

2,380 

1,480 

1,600 

1,600 

1,480 

1,600 

1,600 

1,680 

1,980 

2,040 

1,200 

1,940 

3,500 

2.000 

1,600 

1,780 

1,780 

1,780 

1,980 

2,640 

3,040 

2,000 

1,480 

1,660 

900 

1,660 

1,600 

1,480 

1,600 

2,320 

1,780 

2,720 

1,660 

490 

1,700 

3,700 

490 

1,980 

1,600 

1,780 

1.680 

2,040 

1,600 

2,820 

2,000 

1,200 

600 

900 

900 

1,100 

490 

Age Ecology 1 

Miocene ------------------ ---------------.. ------

Long ranging ------------ ----------------------

Miocene to Holocene ------- Nearshore 

(brackish?). 

·---do -------------------- ____ do ---------------

Eocene to Oligocene ------

Oligocene to Miocene -----

Miocene ------------------ Oligocene to Miocene ------

Miocene -------------------

Eocene to Oligocene -------

Miocene ------------------- Eocene to Oligocene ------- ____ do --------------------

Eocene to Miocene -------- Eocene to Oligocene ------- Miocene to Holocene ------

Eocene to Oligocene -------

Oligocene to Holocene -----

Long ranging -------------

Oligocene to Miocene ------

____ do --------------------

Oligocene ----------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Oligocene ----------------- Miocene to Holocene ------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Oligocene ----------------- ____ do -------------------- Long ranging ------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Long ranging ------------- _ ___ do --------------------

____ do --------------------

Oligocene ----------------- Miocene to Holocene ------

Eocene -------------------- Pliocene ------------------ Eocene to Oligocene ------

Oligocene -----------------

Long ranging -------------

Oligocene ----------------- Eocene to Oligocene -------

Long ranging -------------

----do -------------------- Miocene ------------------- Oligocene -----------------

Miocene -------------------

Oligocene ----------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

F:ocene to Oligocene ------

Long ranging -------------

Miocene ------------------- Long ranging ------------- Eocene to Miocene --------- Long ranging ------------- ____ do -------------------- Eocene to Oligocene -------

Oligocene ----------------- Eocene to Oligocene -------

OJ i;~~;~;--_-:_-:_-_-_-_-:~---_-_-_-_-_-_ 

Eocene --------------------

Oligocene -----------------

Long ranging -------------

Eocene to Oligocene -------

Miocene to Holocene -------

Long ranging ------------- - ___ do ___________________ _ 

Eocene to Oligocene ------- Long ranging -------------

Eocene to Oligocene -------

Long ranging -------------

Eocene to Oligocene ------- Oligocene ________________ _ 

Eocene to Miocene _______ _ 

Miocene to Holocene _____ _ 

____ do -------------------- Oligocene to Miocene _____ _ 

----do -------------------- Holocene ------------------ Oligocene to Holocene ____ _ 

Oligocene to Miocene ------ Miocene to Holocene _____ _ 

Sb;.lllow --------------

Shallow -------------- Sbiallow --------------

Shallow --------------

Reef -----------------

Shallow --------------

Deep water _ -- ____ -- _ 

Shal'ow _____________ _ 

Deep water _________ _ ___ .do ______________ _ 

1-- - -- - ------- ---------

Shallow -------------- ____ do ---------------

____ do --------------- ____ do ---------------

____ do --------------- ____ do ---------------

____ do ---------------

_ ___ do ---------------

Outcrop loealities in Juana Diaz Formation 

X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 9 

TABLE 1.-Top occurrences of benthonic Foraminifera in Pue'rto Rico wells with their age and ecologic indications and their occurrences in outcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation-Continued 

Species 

Entolingulina alazanensis ____ _ 

Eorupertia? sp ---------------- Epistornaroides pontifera _____ _ 

Eponidella libertadensis ______ _ 

Eponides ellisorae ------------- parantillarum ____________ _ 

Florilus subgratcloupi ________ _ whitsettensis _____________ -

Frondicularia cf. F. digitata __ 

tenmssima ---------------- Gaudryina trinitatensis _______ _ 

Glabratella aff. G. browningi __ _ 

Guttulina byramensis ---------

Gypsina globula ---------------

Gyroidina altiformis ----------- vicksburgensis ------------

Hanzawaia carstensi ---------- mantaensis ______________ _ 

Haplaphragmoides coalingensis _ 

Hoeglundina elcgans ----------

Karreriella bradyi ------------- disjuncta ----------------- mexicana ________________ _ 

Lagena striata ---------------- Lagenonodosaria acostaensis __ _ 

Lcnticulina alatolimbatul! ____ _ americana _______________ _ 

budensis brcvls~~~~~: _________________ ====== ======== _ 

caroliniana --------------- clericii -------------------- convergens --------------- melvilli ------------------- orbicularis ---------------- subpapillosa _____________ _ terryi ___________________ _ 

Liebusella byramensis --------- Lingulina wilcoxensis ________ _ 

Marginopora vertebralis -------

Marginulina glabra ----------- hantlceni ----------------- nuttalli ------------------- perprocera ---------------- pseudohirsuta -------------

Matanzia bermudezi -----------

Melonis pompilioides ---------- Neoconorbina patelliformis ___ _ 

Nodosarella decurta ----------- subnodosa ________________ _ 

Nodosaria raphanistrum -------

Nonion planatum -------------

Nonionella pulchella ---------- _ Oridorsalis umbonatus _______ _ 

Osangularia culter ------------

Palmerinella palmerae --------

Pararotalia byramensis -------- mcxicana ________________ _ 

Peneroplis proteus ------------ Planodiscorbis rarescens ______ _ 

Planularia protuberans _______ _ 

torrci --------------------- trinac ___________________ _ 

"Planulina" camagueyana ____ _ 

Planulina Ieoni --------------- marin/ana _______________ _ mexica na ________________ _ 

subtcnuissima ------------

sp ------------------------ Plectojrondicularia jarvisi ____ _ trinitatensis ___ --- ______ . _ yumuriana _________ --- __ _ 

Plcurostomella bierigi ________ _ elliptica _________________ _ 

Pseudoclavulina bullbrooki ____ _ 

sp ------------------------ Pseudonodosaria comatula ____ _ inflata ___________________ _ 

Pullenia bulloides -------------- quinqneloba ---------------

"Pullenia" riveroi ------------ _ 

Pyrgo denticulata ------------- inor nata _________________ _ 

Quadrimorphina 

all om or ph inoides. 

Wells (Depths in feet; metres= feet X 0.3048) 

OPR-1 CPR--2 CPR-3 

3,530 

1.400 

1,300 

3,540 

1,400 

3,820 

3,530 

1,490 

3,540 

3,500 

1,510 

3,630 

3,520 

3,630 

3540 

4,170 

3,550? 

3,510 

3,510 

3,520 

3,540 

3,540 

3,510 

3,510 

3,520 

3,630 

3,020 

3,530 

3,520 

4,530? 

3,500 

3,030 

3,800 

3,180 

3,180 

3,630 

3,570 

3,580 

1,300 

3,740 

3,530 

3,530 

3,550 

3,540 

3,600 

3,530 

3,550 

3.510 

3,700 

3,510 

3,510 

3,530 

1.300 

3,710 

2,850 

3,650 

500 

2,960 

2,010 

1,200 

1,410 

3,040 

3,080 

3,080 

3J220 

2,510 

2,310 

3,100 

1,800 

1,910 

3,140 

2,610 

2,810 

2,900 

1,600 

1,500 

2,530 

2,530 

2,610 

3,300 

2,310 

2,310 

2,830 

2,490 

2,810 

3,790 

3,080 

600 

2,530 

3,780 

3,280 

3,380 

3,500 

2,900 

2,530 

4,700 

2,610 

3,280 

500 

1,100 

3,500 

1,600 

3,760 

3,060 

2,010 

3,750 

2,9€0 

3,000 

2,810 

2,730 

2,110 

3,040 

3,280 

2.810 

2,960 

3,040 

1,200 

1,100 

1,200 

600 

1,660 

900 

3,520 

3,040 

1,680 

2,380 

600 

1,600 

2,480 

1,600 

1,480 

1,980 

1,700 

1,!l40 

2,320 

1,900 

2,320 

1,600 

2,f.OO 

2,380 

1,940 

1,!100 

1,660 

1,780 

1,600 

2,320 

1,600 

1,940 

1,480 

1,780 

1,780 

1.9~0 

1,660 

1,780 

1,900 

1,600 

1,100 

1,900 

2,500 

1,900 

1,600 

1,660 

1,700 

490 

-1,200 

1. 780 

900 

3,84(} 

2,000 

1,900 

1,660 

1,900 

1,600 

~.950 

2,040 

2,720 

1,600 

1,600 

2,380 

1,660 

1.660 

1,600 

1,600 

1.700 

1780 

1,780 

600 

1,660 

Age 

Oligocene ------------------

Eocene ---------------·-----

Miocene -------------------

____ do --------------------

Eocene to Miocene ---------

Miocene -------------------

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Eocene _- ------------------

Eocene to O~igocene -------

Eocene to Miocene ---------

Miocene -------------------

Oligocene ------------------

Long !ranging -------------

____ do --------------------

Oligocene -----------------

Oligocene to Miocene -------

____ do --------------------

Eocene ______ ------------ --

Long ranging ------------- - ___ do ___________________ _ 

Eocene _ ------------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Long ranging -------------

Miocene -------------------

Eocene to Miocene ---------

Miocene ------------------- Oligocene to Mi<>cene ------

____ do -------------------- Eocene to Miocene -------- Eocene to Oligocene --------

Long ranging ------------- ____ do ___________________ _ 

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Long ranging ------------- Oligocene _ -----------------

Eocene --------------------

Oligocene ------------------

Eocene _ ------------------- Miocene to Holocene ______ _ 

Long ranging ------------- ____ do ___________ ---------

Eocene to O!igocene ------- Miocene to Pliocene ------- Oligocene to Miocene -------

Oligocene -----------------

Long ranging -------------

_ ___ do --------------------

Eocene to Oligocene -------

Long ranging -------------

____ do --------------------

Eocene _- _ - _- -- ____ - ---- - --

Miocene to Holocene -------

Long I'anging -------------

____ do ------------------ __ Miocene to Holocene _____ _ 

Eocene to Oligocene ------ ____ do ___________________ _ 

Miocene to Holocene -------

Pliocene to Holocene ------

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Oligocene ----------------- - __ .do ___________________ _ 

Eocene _ -------------------

____ do -------------------- Eocene to Miocene -------- ____ do -------------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Miocene ------------------- Eocene to Oligocene _____ _ 

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Eocene to Miocene -------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Miocene -------------------

Long ranging ------------- ____ do -------------------- - ___ do ___________________ _ 

____ do -------------------- Oligocene to Holocene ____ _ 

Miocene to Holocene _____ _ 

Long ranging -------------

----<10 --------------------

Ecology 1 

Shallow -------------

Brackish -------------

Shailow -------------

Deep water ----------

Deep water ---------- Reef _______ -- _______ _ 

Deep water ----------

Brackish 

Reef ____ ------ _____ _ 

Deep water ---------- ____ do ---------------

Deep water --------- ____ do ---------------

____ do --------------- Shallow ____________ _ 

____ do ---------------

Outcrop localities in Juana Diaz Formation 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

0 "' 00 0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 

~ ~ 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 
10 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

TABLE 1.-Top occurrences of benthonic Foraminifera in Pum·to Rico wells with thei1· age and ecologic indications and their occu·rrences in outcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation-Continued 

Species 

Quinqueloculina akneriana ___ _ 

ermani ------------------- seminulum ----------------

Robertina declivis ------------- Rosalina fioridensis ___________ _ 

Rotorbinella mira ------------- tholus __________________ --

Sagrina vicksburgensis -------

Saracenaria arcuata ----------- italica ___________________ _ 

senni ---------------------

Sigmoilina tenuis -------------

Siphogenerina hubbardi ------- mexicana ___ --------------

Siphonina tenuicarinata ------- Sphaeroidina chilostomata ____ _ 

Spiroloculina alveata ---------- Spiroplectammina m ississippiensis. 

StilostQmella caribaea ---------

verneuili ----------------- Textularia bermudezi ---------

aff. T. conica ------------- grenadana ----------------

~e~~::;eri- yasicaensis = = = ______________ === ===== = = == = -= 

Textulariella barrettii --------

Triloculina trigonula ---------

Tritaxilina mexicana ----------

Turrilina robertsi -------------

Uvigerina adelinensia --------- barbatula ----------------- elongata ------------------ f!Teymouth~nsis ------------ )acksonensts ______ ------ __ 

mantaensis ----- ________ --

mexicana ----------------- nuttalli ------------------- sp ------------------------ Vaginulinopsis cumulicostata __ 

Valvulammina cornucopia ____ _ 

Valvulineria nuttalli ---------- paucilocula ______________ _ 

sculpturata --------------- Virgulina colei ______ ------ __ _ pontoni ________________ - _ 

Vulvulina stainforthi ---------- Genus? rei. to EggereUa bradyi __ 

Wells 

(Depths in feet; metres= feet X 0.3048) 

GPR-1 CPR-2 CPR-3 

3,590 

3,030 

1,300 

1,400 

1,400 

1,240 

3,530 

4,170 

3,740? 

3,590 

3,590 

3,510 

3,550 

3,630 

3,630 

3,520 

3,520 

3,930 

3,540 

3,530 

3,550 

3,510 

3,540 

3,500 

3,610 

3,530 

3,440 

3,530 

3,630 

3,820 

3,820 

500 

2,960 

2,310 

500 

3,100 

3,080 

2,830 

2,530 

2,530 

3,040 

3,040 

3,040 

2,900 

3,100 

2,960 

3,140 

2,960 

2,960 

3,760 

2,900 

2,830 

3,220 

3,t080 

3,280 

2,610 

3,380 

3,750 

2,810 

2,610 

2,810 

4,360 

3,860 

2,530 

2,960 

600 

900 

2,340 

3,820 

1,200 

600 

600 

2,820 

1,900 

2,580! 

1,480 

1,600 

1,600 

490 

600 

1,940 

1,600 

2,420 

1,600 

1,780 

1,!100 

3,520 

1,980 

3,080 

1,660 

1,680 

1,660 

1,900 

1,600 

1,940 

2,080 

1,660 

3,580 

1,600 

1,660 

1,780 

2,340 

1,600 

3,540 

1,420 

2,040 

1,660 

2,720 

Age 

_ ___ do ____ do 

____ do 

Eocene to Miocene --------

Long ranging -------------

M~ocene to Holocene ------- ____ do ______ --------- ____ _ 

Oligocene -----------------

Eocene to Miocene -------- Long ranging ------------- Oligocene to Miocene ------

Long ranging -------------

Miocene ------------------ Eocene to Miocene --------

____ do -------------------- Oligocene to Pliocene ____ _ 

Oligocene to M~ocene _____ _ 

Eocene to Miocene --------

Oligocene ----------------- Long ranging -------------

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Oligocene ----------------- Miocene _________ ---- __ ----

Oligocene to Miocene ------

Miocene ------------------- Miocene to Holocene _____ _ 

Long ranging ------------- Eocene to Oligocene ______ _ 

----do -------------------- Eocene to Miocene --------

Miocene ------------------- Long ranging ------------- Eocene --- ___ -------------- Eocene to Oligocene ------- Eocene to Miocene Oligocene to Miocene _____ _ 

____ do --------------------

Eocene to Miocene ---------

Oligocene to Miocene ----~-

____ do -------------------- Oligocene ______ --- _______ _ 

____ do --------------------

____ do -------------------- Oligocene to Pliocene ------ Oligocene to Miocene ____ _ 

Ecology 1 

Deep water _________ _ 

Shallow ------------ _ 

____ do --------------- ____ do ---------------

Shallow _____________ _ 

Outcrop localities in J'~Jana 

Diaz Formation 

X 

X 

X 

X X X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X 

X X X X X X X 

X X X X X X 

X 

X X 

X X X X X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X 

X X X 

X 

X X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X 

X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X X 

X X X X 

X 

X X X X 

1 Dash leaders indicate moderate depths or that the species or genus i.'l not ecologic::LIIY restricted. 

Ammonia beccarii and its subspecies tepida 

A rchaias angulatus 

Cibicides lobatulus 

Elphidium discoidale 

E. mexicanum 

E. poeyanum 

E. sagra 

Eponidella libertadensis 

Eponides ellisorae 

Florilus subgrateloupi 

Gypsina globula 

H anzawaia carstensi 

Peneroplis proteus 

Rosalina floridensis 

Rotorbinella mira 

R. tholus 

rare miliolids 

Beginning at 2,990 feet, the above ·assemblage continues, dominated by the three large species Amphistegina angulata, Elphidium lens, and Gypsina globuba,, and the small species Ammonia beccarii. 

The assemblage is augmented by A mphistegina 

rotundata, A. fioridana, Baggina cojimarensis, Elphidium lobatum, E. puertoricense, Neoconorbina 

patelliformis, Nonion planatum, Nonionella pulchella, Quinqueloculina ermani, and Valvulammina 

cornucopia. 

A major faunal change appears in the cuttings at 

3,500 feet. This rich and varied planktonic assemblage contains the evidence of Oligocene age, as 

previously discussed. In addition, the appearance of 

lenticulinids, bolivinids, uvigerinids, cassidulinids, 

and rotaliids in the ~benthonic part of the fauna indicates an ecologic change to a deeper neritic environment, more distant from shore, than that o.f the 

overlying sediments. The Oligocene fauna in this 

hole is poorer than that in CPR-2 and CPR-3. 

The major species in this new assemblage are 

A mphistegina angulata, Camerina panamensis, Cibicides mexicanus, Elphidium lens, Eponides parantillarum, and Gyroidina altiformis. Of these, only 

Camerina panamensis is restricted to the Oligocene. 
PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 11 

The Oligocene age is supported by the as1soc.iated ·, 

planktonics and many other benthonic species, 

among which are the following that are unknown 

from post-Oligocene beds: 

A mmospirata mexicana 

Angulogerina cooperensis 

A. rugoplicata 

A. vicksburgensis 

Bolivina ariana 

B. choctawensis 

B. mexicana aliformis 

B. oligocaenica 

Bulimina bleeckeri 

B. sculptilis 

Cassidulina carapitana 

C. havanensis 

Ceratobulimina alazanensis 

C hilostomella cy lindroides 

Cibicides trinitatensis 

Cibicidina choctawensis 

C. mississippiensis 

Clavulinoides triangularis 

Cribropullenia marielensis 

Cycloloculina cubensis 

Dentalina jacksonensis 

Dorothia cylindrica 

Gyroidina vicksburgensis 

Lenticulina caroliniana 

L. subpapillosa 

Pararotalia mexicana 

Stilostomella caribaea 

Textularia grcnadana 

Tritaxilina mexicana 

Valvulineria paucilocula 

V. sculpturata 

Virgulina colei 

In addition, the list below includes species which 

are characteristic of the Oligocene but which also 

range downward into the Eocene or upward into the 

Miocene or both. These species are present in the 

Oligocene section of well CPR-1, and most of them 

are also found in the outcropping Juana Diaz Formation. 

A mphistegina floridana 

Astacolus crepidulus 

Asterigerinata bracteata 

Baggina cojimarensis 

Bolivina byramensis 

B. isidroensis 

B. tectijormis 

Bulimina affinis 

Cancris auriculus 

Cassidulina subglobosa 

Cibicides pseudoungerianus 

Ellipsoidina ellipsoides 

Gypsina globula 

Gyroidina altijormis 

H anzawaia carstensi 

H. mantaensis 

Karreriella mexicana 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus 

L. clericii 

L. orbicularis 

M elonis pompilioides 

Nodosaria raphanistrum 

Oridorsalis umbonatus 

Osangularia culter 

Planulina marialina 

P. mexicana 

P. subtenuissima 

Pleurostomella bierigi 

P. elliptica 

Pseudonodosaria comatula 

P. infiata 

"Pullenia" riveroi 

Siphogenerina mexicana 

Siphonina tenuicarinata 

Sphaeroidina chilostomata 

Spiroplectammina mississippiensis 

Stilostomella verneuili 

Uvigerina adelinensis 

U. mantaensis 

U. mexicana 

U. nuttalli 

V alvulineria nuttalli 

Finally, a few species, commonly regarded as 

Eocene indicators, are associated with the Oligocene 

fossils in well CPR-1: Bulimina impendens, Cribrogloborotalia marielina, Eorupertia? sp., Florilus 

whitsettensis, Karreriella disjuncta, Lingulina wilcoxensis, N onion planatum, Planulina leoni, and 

Uvigerina greymouthensis. All of these species are 

found above 4,270 feet, the presumed top of the 

Eocene section. These species are too few, and the 

specimens too rare and scattered throughout the 

Oligocene section, to be regarded as reliable indication that Eocene beds had been reached. Moreover, 

the absence of a change in the associated planktonic 

assemblage suggests that the Eocene species should 

be interpreted as reworked specimens, as indication 

of a disrupted sequence of fauna'S due to faulting, or 

as representing previously unrecognized lengthened 

ranges of some of the species. An extended range 

seems the most likely explanation for Bulimina 

impendens, Eorupertia? sp., Planulina leoni, and 

Uvigerina greymouthensis.. as they have all been 

found in adjacent outcrops of the Juana Diaz Formation. 

In cuttings from the lower (Oligocene) part of 

well CPR-1 the following species occur as down-hole 

contaminants from Miocene strata : Ammonia beccarii, Amphistegina angulata, A. rotundata, and 

Elphidium lens. 

In addition nearly 40 other species have their first 

appearance or are present in the Oligocene section 

of this well. None are abundant, and most seem to 

have little or no age significance, though they include 

the Oligocene in their reported ranges. Among 

others in this category are Bolivina rhomboidalis, 

B. tortuosa, Cibicides robertsonianus, Lenticulina 
12 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

convergens, Marginulina glabra, M. hantkeni, Pullenia bulloides, P. quinqueloba, Pyrgo inornata, Saracenaria italica, and Sigmoilina tenuis. 

TEST WELL CPR-2 

Down to about 2,510 feet in well CPR-2, the 

Foraminifera population is poor in both variety of 

species and num1ber of specimens and is particularly 

meager down to 1,200 feet, where it becomes somewhat more abundant, though imperfectly preserved. 

The two chief constituents in the upper 1,200 feet 

of the well are Amphistegina angulata and Ammonia 

beccarii, the latter indicative of nearshore or brackish conditions. Also rare specim·ens of two additional 

brackish species (Eponidella libertadensis and Palmerinella palmerae) are found in this section, suggesting nearness to a brackish environment. 

At 1,200 feet a change to a richer and more varied 

assemblage can be noted, continuing the Amphistegina and Ammonia fauna with the addition of the 

following species as common constituents: Elphidium lens, E. poeyanum, and Camerina panamensis?. 

The last species is undoubtedly reworked from the 

Oligocene beds because there -are no p}anktonics to 

confirm the Oligocene above 2,510 feet. 

Within the upper (Miocene) part of the well are 

numerous spedes that are more abundant or more 

persistent or better preserved in the Oligocene part. 

Most of these are long-ranging species, but a few 

are presumed to be restricted to pre-Miocene rocks,: 

Florilus whitsettensis, Planularia trinae, Plectofrondicularia trinitatensis, Bolivina mexicana aliformis, 

and B. choctawensis. Their presence a;bove the 2,510-

foot level, where the major change to an Oligocene 

fauna occurs, suggests that the rocks in this upper 

part of CPR-2 may be reworked 9r faulted. An alternative explanation, suggested by Monroe (1973, 

p. 1094), is that the Ponce is missing in CPR-2 and 

the alluvium in the upper part of the well overlies 

Juana Diaz beds of Miocene age; this formation 

would then occupy the interval between 1,400 and 

2,510 feet (fig. 2). But the Foraminifera fauna in 

this interval is too meager to confirm this possibility. 

Moreover, species characteristic of the Miocene 

Ponce beds in the other two test wells are also characteristic of the beds above 2,500 feet in CPR-2. 

These include Amphistegina ftoridana, Archaias 

· angulata, Elphidium discoidale, ·E. fimbriatulum, E. 

mexicanum, Marginopora vertebralis, Peneroplis 

proteus, Quinqueloculina akneriana, and Rotorbinella tholus. 

A major faunal change appears in the cuttings at 

2,510 feet. Most significant is the appearance of a 

rich and varied planktonic assemblage by which the 

age can be determined as Oligocene, as previously 

discussed. In addition, the appearance of lenticulinids, bolivinids, uvigerinids, cassidulinids, and rotaliids-essentially the same assemblage that appears 

in CPR-1 at 3,500 feet-indicates an ecologic change 

to a deeper environment, more distant from shore, 

than that of the overlying sediments. 

The major species in this new assemblage are: 

Ammonia beccarii 

A mphistegina angulata 

Camerina panamensis 

Cibicides mexicanus 

C. pseudoungerianus 

Elphidium lens 

Eponides parantillarum 

Gyroidina altiformis 

Hoeglundina elegans 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus 

Planulina subtenuissima 

Siphonina tenuicarinata 

Uvigerina adelinensis 

The only species restricted to the Oligocene is 

Came'rina panamensis. But the Oligocene age is 

clearly indicated by the associated planktonic assemblage and by the fact that the rocks contain most of 

the same benthonic species that are listed for well 

CPR-1. 

The Oligocene assemblage in well CPR-2 is gen-

·erally richer than that in CPR-1 but differs only by 

a few exceptions and a few additions. Species which 

CPR-2 lacks are Bolivina ariana, Bulimina bleeckeri, Cribropullenia marielensis, Cycloloculina cubensis, and Dorothia cylindrica. Species present in 

CPR-2 but l'acking in CPR-1 are: 

A noma lin a cocoaensis 

A. granosa 

Chilostomelloides oviformis 

Ellipsoglandulina multicostata 

Entolingulina alazanensis 

Frondicularia tenuissima 

Liebusella byramensis 

Matanzia bermudezi 

Pararotalia byramensis 

Planularia torrei 

P. trinae 

Plectofrondicularia yumuriana 

P. trinitatensis 

Sagrina vicksburgensis 

Turrilina robertsi 

Uvigerina jacksonensis 

The Oligocene age of this section in well CPR-2 is 

further supported by a few additional species that 

characteristically occur in Oligocene beds but also 

range into the Eocene or Miocene or both. These 

species are: Chilost01nella globata, Lenticulina 

brevispinosa, L. budensis, L. rnelvilli, Marginulina 

pseudohirsuta, Planularia protuberans. Spiroloculina alveata, Textularia bermudezi, T. leuzingeri 
PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 13 

Vaginulinopsis cumulicostata, and Vulvulina stainforthi. 

As in the other two wells, a few Eocene species 

occur: Eo1'upertia? sp., Haplaphragmoides coalingensis, Lenticulina terryi, "Planulina" camagueyana, and Uvigerina greymouthensis. All but Lenticulina terryi are found in the Oligocene section (above 

3,760 feet), but only Lenticulina terryi and "Planulina" camagueyana are found also below 3,760 feet. 

Other differences between CPR-2 and CPR-1 are 

minor or concern species having little or no age significance. In general there are a few more indications of deeper environment in CPR-2 than in 

CPR-1, such as species in the genera Cyclammina, 

Hoeglundina, Cassidulinoides, Chilostomelloides, and 

Ehrenbergina, plus a greater variety and abundance 

of lenticulinids. A·lso, the absence in CPR-2 of certain shallower speci~es, such as A nomalina g lab rata 

and some of the miliolids present in CPR-1, is a further indication of a deeper environment in CPR-2. 

TEST WELL CPR-3 

The upper part of CPR-3 passes through about 

550 feet of alluvial-fan deposits-unconsolidated 

sand and gravel with some limestone beds. Below 

550 feet calcarenite of probable Ponce age was penetrated to 1,300 feet (Monroe, 1973, p. 1094) or possibly 1,600 feet as suggested by our examination of 

the cuttings. 

Down to a1bout 1,600 feet in well CPR-3, the 

Foraminifera population lacks diversity but is rich 

in specimens. Large specimens of A mphistegina are 

dominant; chiefly the planoconvex A. angulata and 

the thick biconv·ex A. rotundata. Less abundant are 

smaller and variable specimens of this genus, some 

of which belong to A. fioridana and some of which 

are transitional, probably toward A. rotundata. Additional elements occurring commonly in this upper 

part of the well are: Ammonia beccarii, Elphidium 

lens, E. poeyanum, E. puertoricense, Florilus subgrateloupi, Gypsina globula, Pyrgo inornata, Rotorbinella mira, and Rosalina fioridensis. Less abundant 

but characteristic of the upper part of the well 

are: Archaias angulatus, Asterigerinata bracteata, 

Elphidium discoidale, E. fimbriatulum, E. sagra, 

Eponidella libertadensis, Hanzawaia mantaensis, 

Marginopora vertebTalis, Palmerinella palmerae, 

Pararotalia byramensis, Peneroplis proteus, and 

Rotorbinella tholus. This fauna is characteristic of 

the reef limestone of the restricted Ponce. 

A few species -that are more abundant or more 

persistent in the lower (Oligocene) part of the well 

are first observed in this upper (Miocene) section. 

Only Bolivina choctawensis, B. mexicana aliformis, 

and Virgulina colei are regarded as Oligocene 

species. 

The predominance of A mphistegina and the common occurrence of Gypsina, Elphidium, and the porcellaneous genera Archaias, Marginopora, Wid PeneToplis, combined with the lack of globigerinids, suggest that this Ponce fauna wa1s deposited in a moderately shallow, nearshore environment. The presence of such species as Ammonia beccarii, Eponidella 

libertadensis, and .Palmerinella palmerae indicates 

the proxi.mity of a brackish environment from which 

these forms were probably displaced. 

A major faunal change in the cuttings at 1,600 

feet corresponds to the change observed at 3,500 feet 

in CPR-1 and 2,510 feet in CPR-2. As in those 

wells, most significant is the appearance of 1a rich and 

varied Oligocene planktonic ·assemblage. In addition, 

the appearance of lenticulinids, bolivinids, uvigerinids, cassidulinids, and rotaliids indicates an ecologic 

change to a deeper environment, more distant from 

shore, than that represented by the overlying seaiments. Both the benthonic and planktonic assemblages in this well are richer and better preserved 

than in the two wells already discussed. 

The major species in this Oligocene assemblage 

are: 

*Camerina panamensis 

Cibicides mexicanus 

Eponides parantillarum 

Gyraidina altiformis 

Hoeglundina elegans 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus 

L. brevispinosa 

L. budensis 

* L. caroliniana 

L. clericii 

L. convergens 

L. orbicularis 

* L. subpapillosa 

M elonis pompilioides 

Nodosaria raphanistrum 

Oridorsalis umbonatus 

Osangularia culter 

* Pararotalia mexicana 

Planulina marialana 

P. subtenuissima 

Pseudonodosaria comatula 

Siphonina tenuicarinata 

Uvigerina adelinensis 

* U. greymouthensis 

U. mexicana 

U. nuttalli 

V aginulinopsis cumulicostata 

Most of the species that make up the major part 

of this benthonic assemblage are long-rang:ing species that include the Oligocene in their ranges. The 

five starred species in the preceding list, however, 

are not known from post-Oligocene beds. Only 
14 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

Eponides parantillarum has not previously been reported from pre-Miocene beds, but it is commonly 

present in the Juana Diaz Formation. The remainder 

of the species in the Oligocene section of well CPR-3 

are essentially the same as those found in CPR-2 

and CPR-1. 

As in the other two wells, a few Eocene species 

occur in the Oligocene as well as in the pre-Oligocene 

section: Bulimina impendens, Haplaphragmoides 

coalingensis, Karreriella disjuncta, Lenticulina 

terryi, Planulina leoni, and Uvigerina greymouthensis. For the most part they are masked in the 

Eocene section below 2,848 feet by the flood of caved 

Oligocene specimens from above. All are rare and 

all are present in one or both of the other drill holes 

but are too rare and scattered to serve as proof that 

Eocene,. beds have been penetrated. As in the other 

holes, these species are interpreted as not being in 

place in the Oligocene section, except for Uvigerina 

greymouthensis which probably ranges higher than 

heretofore recorded. 

Other differences between CPR-3 and CPR-2 are 

minor or concern species having little or no age significance. In general, the paleoecology of CPR-3 appears to be identical with that of CPR-2, that is, 

deposition under moderately deep conditions. 

FORAMINIFERA IN MODERN BOTTOM 

SEDIMENTS OFF PUERTO RICO 

Modern Foraminifera were studied by Brooks 

( 1973) in a small area off the coast directly south 

of wells CPR-3 and 2. Cluster analysis of 144 species found at 34 stations between 10 and 600 feet 

show six thanatotopes, or areas in which the dead 

specimens are deposited. Major species are listed for 

these areas which are characterized only in part by 

depth. Other ecologic factors are temperature, sediment distribution, turbulence, and influence of rivers 

and consequent variability of. salinity. 

To summarize the observations of Brooks: a nearshore and shallow (to 25ft) environment, influenced 

by a perennially-flowing river and wave effects 

which may be severe, is inhabited by an assemblage 

of robust species dominated by Ammonia beccarii 

accompanied by miliolids and elphidiids. Farther 

from the fluviatile effects, where salinity variations. 

are less extreme, the assemblage is similar, with the 

exception of reduced dominance of Ammonia and 

the addition of Florilus grateloupi. 

On or associated with patch reefs, in shallow (to 

75ft) clear waters, the assemblage is characterized 

by Arct\aias, Amphistegina, discorbids, miliolids, 

and peneroplids. Essentially this same fauna) with 

a few additions, also exists on the sea bottom and in 

the submarine channel of the river. 

On the outer shelf areas (depths between 75 and 

600 ft), in colder temperatures and quiet waters, 

planktonic species are added to the bottom population. The major benthonic forms are Amphistegina, 

peneroplids, and rotaliids. A variety of arenaceous 

genera, not significantly present in shallower areas, 

also are found on the outer shelf. 

The environments under which Foraminifera 

presently live around Puerto Rico give confirming 

·evidence of the paleoecologic interpretations of the 

Miocene and Oligocene environments under which 

the fossil counterparts of the same species or genera 

lived. 

OUTCROPS OF THE JUANA DIAZ FORMATION 

To permit a comparison of the fauna in the lower 

(Oligocene) parts of the three wells, we have studied 

the faunas of eight samples of the Oligocene part of 

the Juana Diaz Formation taken from discontinuous 

scattered outcrops in an east-west line about 3 to 9 

km north of the south coast of Puerto Rico, and generally northwest of the sites of the three wells. 1

Their 

positions are shown in figure 1, and more exact data 

is listed in table 2. All references to the outcrop 

samples in this paper are by the U.S. Geological 

Survey locality numbers assigned to the original 

field collection numbers. 

The Juana Diaz exposures include a few species 

additional to those listed in table 1, but in none of 

the outcrop samples are these additional species represented by. abundant· specimens. These outcrop 

sam·ples provide a basis for estimating the faunal 

composition of the Juana Diaz Formation. 

The planktonic assemblages in these outcrop samples are quite uniform and very similar to those in 

the three deep wells. The benthonic ·assemblages, on 

the other hand, are varia:ble, although a few species 

are present in greater or lesser abundance in nearly 

all the outcrop samples. The following benthonic 

species appear to be more or less consistently present 

in the Juana Diaz outcrop samples, and probably 

have broader tolerances to environmental changes 

and are, therefore, less useful in interpreting facies 

than some of the other benthonic species : 

Astacolus crepidulus 

Bolivina byramensis 

B. choctawensis 

B. mexicana aliformis 

B. tectiformis 

Bulimina a/finis 

Cancris auriculus 

Cibicides mexicanus 
FORAMINIFERA IN OUTCROPS OF THE JUANA DfAZ FQRMATION 15 

TABLE 2.-0utcrop samples of the Juana Diaz Formation in southeTn Puerto Rico 

USGS Field Quadrangle Coordinates loc. No. loc. No. Location 

f26290 --------- Po 134 Ponce ----- 138,520 E., 21,950 N. Along new superhighway to Ponce. 

f26291 Quarry for new superhighway to Ponce. --------- 91 __ do ------- 137,760 E., 21,570 N. 

f26292 --------- 88 __ do ------- 139,520 E., 22,6·20 N. Do. 

f26293 --------- 92. __ do 137,650 E., 21,640 N. Near new superhighway to Ponce (near loc. 91). 

Northwest of Ponce along route 10, km 4.33; parking lot of roadhouse "La Arboleda." 

f25509 1 

-------- Pe 46-1 Peiiuelas --- 130,240 E., 22,910 N. 

f25508 1 -------- Po 35---<3 Ponce ------ 134,700 E., 22,100 N. Excavation for new house in La Rambla section in 

northeast Ponce; northeast-trending segment of 

Calle G. 

f25507 --------- Po 35-2 __ do 134,720 E., 22,110 N. Excavation for next new house to the northeast. 

Same location but about 1 m lower than Po 35-2 

and about 20 m lower than Po 35-3. 

f25506 1 

-------- Po 35-1 __ do 134,720 E., 22,110 N. 

1 USGS locs. £25506, £25508, and £25509 in this paper have been referred to as £35139, £35138, and f35141 respectively in Glover (1971, p. 73). 

C. pseudoungerianus 

Cibicidina choctawensis 

E llipsoidina ellipsoides 

Eponides parantillarum 

Gyroidina altiformis 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus 

L. brevispinosa 

L. orbicularis 

L. subpapillosa 

Marginulina pseudohirsuta 

M elonis pompilioides 

Nodosaria raphanistrum 

Osangularia culter 

Planulina marialana 

P. mexicana 

P. subtenuissima 

Siphonina tenuicarinata 

Sphaeroidina chilostomata 

Stilostomella verneuili 

Tritaxilina mexicana 

Uvigerina adelinensis 

V irgulina co lei 

The total absence in these outcrop samples of 

Amphistegina angulata, all species of Elphidium, 

and Ammonia beccarii, all of which occur in abundance in parts of the Oligocene 'Sections of the three 

deep wells, leads us to conclude that the origin of 

these species in the deeper well cuttings is contamination from the Miocene beds above. 

Of the eight .samples, two (f25506 and f25507) 

can be grouped together paleoecologically. This 

grouping is based, first, on meager planktonics and, 

second, on combinations of species, most' of which 

are not .present or, if present, are rare, in the remaining six samples. Five of the samples (f26291 

and f26292 and, less strikingly so, f26290, f25509, 

and, f25508) contrast with the two samples mentioned above in that they contain rich planktonics 

and have different combinations of species. Finally, 

the eighth sample (f26293), though containing a 

fauna meager in n um.bers and ill preserved, represents a similar but possibly distinct facies characterized by a good planktonic ·assemblage and by common to abundant occurrences of two species, Cribropullenia marielensis and Siphogenerina hubbardi, 

not observed in any other outcrop samples. 

The three facies represented by the Juana Diaz 

outcrop samples are not recognizable in the cuttings 

from the deep wells. However, some tentative correlations between outcrops and wells may be possible 

by means of comparison of the distinctive species or 

groups of species that probably have a paleoecologic 

significance. 

For example, the two lower samples from the La 

Rambla section in the northeastern part of Ponce 

(samples f25507 and f25506) are quite alike in their 

faunal assemblages, which are different from those 

of the other six outcrop samples. Planktonics are 

poorly represented in these two samples, and the 

benthonic population lacks the greater variety and 

many of the typically deep-water genera, such as 

lenticulines, so characteristic of the other Juana 

Diaz outcrop samples. 

In addition, these two samples both contain common to abundant specimens of the following species 

not found, or found only very rarely, in the other 

studied Juana Diaz outcrops: Amphistegina fioridana, Angulogerina vicksburgensis~ Baggina cojimarensis, Eorupertia? sp., Gypsina globula, and 

Pararotalia mexicana. 

This distinctive association of Foraminifera suggests a somewhat shallower facies than is typically 

found in other Juana. Diaz outcrops. Efforts to recognize this sa.me facies in the wells are hindered by 

the mixing of specimens in the cuttings, though all 

the species are present in signifioant numbers in 

the wells. 

A second example of a unique occurrence is Cribropullenia marielensis which is found commonly in 

sample f26293 but not elsewhere in the outcrop 

samples. In the cuttings it was found only in well 

CPR-L occurring a short distance below the top of 

the Oligocene section. The only other record of this 

species is from the Oligocene of Cuba, although a 

similar, possibly identical, species, Polystomella? 
16 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

obscura Schwager, was described from the Eocene 

of Egypt (Schwager, 1883, p. 138, pl. 26(4), fig. 2). 

Other examples of a possible tie between individual Juana Diaz outcrops and the wells may be 

listed as follows: 

1. Spiroloculina alveata, well represented at loc. 

f26291, is found scattered in the Oligocene sections of wells CPR-2 and CPR-3, very sparsely 

in CPR-2. 

2. Bolivina ariana, described from the lower Oligocene of Florida and not recorded elsewhere, is 

well represented at loc. f26292 and rarely at 

f26291. In the wells it was found in CPR-1 

only. 

3. Cycloloculina cubensis was described from the 

upper Eocene of Cuba and has been reported 

from Miocene and Oligocene beds on both the 

north and south coasts of Puerto Rico. It is 

well represented at locs. f26292, but in the weB 

cuttings it is represented by only a small specimen in CPR-1 at 4,050 feet. 

4. Entolingulina alazanensis, described from the 

lower Oligocene of Mexico and reported from 

Texas and Venezuela:. is present at loc. f26291 

and f25508. In the well cuttings it appears to 

be restricted to a number of scattered occurrences between 2,850 and 3,760 feet in CPR-2. 

5. Lenticulina melvilli occurs in the same two outcrop samples (f26291 and f25508) and the 

same well ( CPR-2, rarely, between 2,830 and 

4,160 feet) supporting the possible correlation between these three areas. 

6. Lie bus ella byramensis, known from the lower 

Oligocene of the Gulf Coastal Plain, was found 

only at loc. f26292 and only in well CPR-2 in 

the lower part of the Oligocene section. 

7. The large species, Planularia protuberans, was 

described from the Oligocene of Panama and 

has been reported from the Oligocene and 

Miocene of Venezuela and in the Ponce Limestone of southern Puerto Rico as discussed by 

Galloway and Heminway (1941). It is well 

represented in locs. f26291, f26292, and f25508. 

At 3,760 feet in well CPR-2 a single typical 

specimen was found. 

8. The sharply angled and keeled species, Saracenaria senni, was described from the upper Oligocene of Venezuela and has been ·reported 

also from Trinidad and Colombia. It is present 

in typical form at locs. f26291 and f25508~ 

R'are specim·ens were found in only one well, 

CPR-3. 

9. Siphogenerina hubbardi occurs commonly at loc. 

f26293, although the specimens are smaller 

and proportionally .slendered than typical for 

the species. This species was described by 

GaUoway and Hemin way ( 1941, p. 434, pl. 34, 

fig. 2) from beds on the south coast of Puerto 

Rico referred to the Ponce Limestone. In the 

well cuttings it was found only in CPR-3, 

fairly well developed but scattered, especially 

in the upper part of the Oligocene section. 

Finally, the deeper water facies of the Juana Diaz, 

as represented by the five outcrop samples f26290, 

·f26291, f26292, f25509, and f25508, is characterized 

by a predominance of planktonics plus a number of 

benthonics of which the following seem to be diagnostic: 

A mmospirata mexicana 

A nomalina bilateral is 

Bolivina ariana 

B. difformis 

Bulimina sculptilis 

Ceratobulimina alazanensis 

Chilostomella cylindroides 

C. globata 

Chilostomelloides oviformis 

Cibicides trinitatensis 

Clavulinoides triangularis 

Dorothia cylindrica 

Frondicularia tenuissima 

Gaudryina trinitatensis 

H aplophragmoides coalingensis 

Hoeglundina elegans 

Karreriella bradyi 

K. mexicana 

Lagenonodosaria acostaensis 

Lenticulina clericii 

L. terryi 

Oridorsalis umbonatus 

Planularia protuberans 

P. trinae 

Planulina leoni 

P lee to frondicularia j arvisi 

P. yumuriana 

Pseudonodosaria comatula 

P. inflata 

Saracenaria italica 

Sigmoilina tenuis 

Siphogenerina mexicana 

Textularia leuzingeri 

Textulariella barrettii 

Turrilina robertsi 

Uvigerina nuttalli 

V aginulinopsis cumulicostata 

Valvulineria nuttalli 

ST. CROIX TEST WELLS 

The smaller Foraminifera found in cuttings from 

three test wells drilled during the winter of 1938-39 

in the central part of the island of St. Croix, Virgin 

Islands, were originally studied some 30 years ago 

by J. A. Cushman (1946a). 
ST. CROIX TEST WELLS 17 

Although the Foraminifera present in the cuttings 

are predominantly planktonic kinds, Cushman stated 

(1946a, p. 13) that no attempt would be made to 

deal with them in his study because the "family 

[Globigerinidae] is now being intensively studied in 

a monographic way and the species from St. Groix, 

which are represented by a;bunoont specimens, will 

be included in those ~studies." Lik,ewise under the 

f~mily Globorotaliidae, and species. Globorotalia 

menardii, he stated (1946a, p. 13) that "studies* * * 

may show that these Miocene forms are sepa..rable 

from the Recent ones" and that there were "other 

species of this genus, but all need special study and 

comparison with those of other a,reas before satisftactory determinations ean be ·made." 

As a result of the impossibility at that time of 

using the planktonic portion of the total a;ssem'blage, 

Cushman based his interpretation of age of the rocks 

penetrated by the three test wells on benthonic species, concluding (1946a, p. 2) that test wells Nos. 2 

and 3 and the upper part of No. 1 were Miocene and 

the lower part of No. 1 was Oligocene. 

At about the same time as the original study of 

these Virgin Island test wells took place, some attem·pts at zonation by planktonic Foraminifera were 

being made (Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, p. 4-

12; LeRoy, 1948; Bronnimann, 1952, fig. 1; Bolli, 

1954). But more than a decade passed before the 

a;ppearance of a major work ( Loeblich and collaborators, 1957) setting forth detailed zonations by 

planktonic Foraminifera for the Cretaceous, Paleocene, Eocene, Oligocene, and Miocene on the basis 

of the respective sections in Trinidad. (In this major 

work Bolli's paper (1957, fig. 18) on the OligoceneMiocene section is of particular importance to our 

study.) Since then innumerable refinements have 

been and are still being made, and the zonation by 

planktonics has been extended upward .into the 

Pliocene and Pleistocene. 

Now, some 30 years after the original examination 

of these rich planktonic assemblages from the St. 

Croix test wells, it seemed of interest to restudy 

them with the aim of possibly ·pinpointing their age 

more precisely in light of the accumulated information on the restricted ranges of the globigerinids and 

globorotaliids they contain and in terms of the current planktonic zonation. 

The wells on St. Croix are shallower than those on 

Puerto Rico, test well No. 1 being drilled to a depth 

of 1,506 feet, No. 2 to 470 feet, and No. 3 to 225 

feet. 

Figure 7 shows the occurrence of most of the easily recognizable species in each of the three holes. 

Of the dominant species-Globigerinoides trilobus, · 

Globoquadrina. altispi,ra, and Globigerina conglomerata-only Globoquadrina altispira has a restricted 

range, from early Miocene to Pliocene (zones N.4 to 

N.20). 

Orbulina universa also is fairly well represented 

in test well No. 1, but only in the upper 450 feet and 

the genus is also fairly common in test well No. 3 at 

about 100 feet. In the lower part of test well No. 1, 

it is largely replaced by Orbulina sutural is; this 

replac-ement is believed to signify the lower part of 

the middle Miocene (zone N.9). 

The existence of the following species in the upper 

one-third of test well No.1 suggests the possibility of 

correlation with the middle part of the middle Miocene (zones N.12 or N.13) : Globigerina falconensis, 

Globigerinoides bollii, G. mitra, Globorotalia fohsi, 

G. fohsi lobata, G. mayeri, G. miozea, Sphaeroidinella kochi, and S. subdehiscens. Of these, only 

Globorotalia fohsi, G. fohsi lobata, and G. mayeri 

are narrowly restricted in their ranges; however, 

the others include zones N.12 and N.13 in their 

ranges. 

The following species, all fairly well restricted to 

the several zones in the lower part of the middle 

Miocene (N.9 to N.11), have their highest appearances or sudden increase in abundance at about 500 

feet in test well No. 1: Globigerinatella insu,eta, 

Globigerinoides bisphericus, G. diminutus, G. transitorius, and Globorotalia archeomenardii. None of 

the above species is very abundant, but all tend to 

confirm a difference in age between the upper onethird and the lower two-thirds of the section in test 

well No.1. 

A few other species, reportedly having narrow 

ranges but ranges inconsistent with the majority of 

the species (and those that are more abundant), as 

well as inconsistent with each other, are given here 

with their ranges and ages. 

Species Zonal range and age 

Globigerina apertura __________ N.l6 to N.19-late Miocene 

to early Pliocene. 

G. ciperoensis ----------------P-19 to N.4-0ligocene to 

early Miocene. 

G. gortanii ------------------P.18 to N.3-0ligocene. G. opima ____________________ P.19 to N.2-0ligocene. 

Globigerinoides altiaperturus ___ N,5 to N.7-early Miocene. 

G. bulloideus _________________ N,l4 to N.16-middle to late 

Miocene. 

G. conglobatus _______________ N.18 upward-late Miocene to 

Holocene. 

Globorotalia acostaensis _______ N.l6 to N.21-late Miocene 

to Pliocene. 

Among the various possible explanations for such 

inconsistencies are the facts that ( 1) the samples 

are cuttings rather than cores and thus more likely 

to be contaminated from above; (2) the total range 

of certain species may not yet be fully known; (3) 

certain species may have pseudomorphs with totally 
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ST. CROIX TEST WELLS 19 

different ranges; or ( 4) the identification may be 

erroneous. 

Except for the above-listed eight species, the balance of the planktonic fauna in these Virgin Islands 

test wells indicates correlation of the upper onethird of test well No. 1 with the middle part of the 

middle Miocene and of the lower two-thirds of test 

well No. 1 with the lower part of the middle Miocene. 

Correlation of the sections in test wells No. 2 and 

No. 3 is less clear. 

The three dominant species are the same, but a 

number of the other species listed as critical for age 

determination in test well No. 1 are missing from 

one or both of test wells 2 and 3. Their absence may 

be due to the fact that the sections penetrated are 

very much shorter than that penetrated by test well 

No. 1-less than 400 feet in test well No. 2 and less 

than 150 feet in test well No. 3. The fact that in 

Nos. 2 and 3 the specimens of Orbulina belong in 

0. suturalis, rather than in 0. universa, suggests 

that the beds penetrated by these two we1ls are 

·correlated with the lower two-thirds rather than the 

upper one-third of well No. 1, thus belonging in the 

lower part of the middle Miocene. 

The original interpretation of age of the sections 

penetrated by the three wells, which was Miocene 

for No. 2 and No. 3 and the upper part of No. 1 and 

Oligocene for the lower part of well No. 1 ( Cushman, 1946a, p. 2), is not inconsistent with the present interpretation of middle Miocene because of the 

downward revision of the Oligocene-Miocene boundary since that original interpretation. This downward revision of the boundary is strikingly shown 

by comparison of the zonation given by Cushman 

and Stainforth (1945, p. 7-12) with the placement 

of the same zones (refined and subdivided) given by 

Blow (1969, p. 220-245, figs. 1 and 2 on p. 265-266). 

FAUNAL REFERENCE LISTS 

Two alphabetized lists-one for the planktonic 

species and one for the benthonic-are included to 

facilitate reference to the original or to a systematic 

treatise. 

The benthonics from the Virgin Islands samples 

are not listed here as they were reported earlier by 

Cushman (1946a) and have not been restudied. The 

list of planktonic species include~ those from both 

Puerto Rico and St. Croix. Details of occurrence are 

not given here as that information may be obtained 

from table 1 for the Puerto Rico benthonics, figures 

4-6 for the Puerto Rico planktonics, and from figure 

7 for the St. Croix planktonics. 

Plate and figure numbers in parentheses in the 

following lists refer to those illustrated in this 

report. 

PLANKTONIC SPECIES 

Cassigerinella chipolensis (Cushman and Ponton). Blow, 1969, 

p. 377, pl. 51, fig. 5. 

Chiloguembelina cubensis (Palmer). Beckmann, 1957, p. 89, 

pl. 21, fig. 21; text fig. 14, figs. 5-8. 

Globigerina ampliapertura Bolli, 1957, p. 108, pl. 22, figs. 4-7. 

(Pl. 9, fig. 5.) 

Globigerina apertura Cushman. Blow, 1959, p. 172, pl. 8, fig. 

35. 

Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli. Pessagno, 1963, p. 56, pl. 2, figs. 

5-7, 10. (Pl. 9, fig. 1; pl. 10, fig. 12.) 

Globigerina conglomerata Schwager. Banner and Blow, 1960, 

p. 7, pl. 2, fig. 3. (Pl. 9, figs. 13, 16; pl. 10, fig. 14.) 

The following species are here considered synonyms of 

Globigerina conglomerata: G. venezuelana Hedberg (1937, 

p. 681, pl. 92, fig. 7) from the upper Oligocene of Venezuela 

and G. eximia Todd (1957, p. 300, pl. 78, fig. 8) from the 

lower Miocene of Saipan, Mariana Islands. 

Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937, p. 25, pl. 

3, figs. 4-6. (Pl. 9, figs. 8, 9.) 

Globigerina druryi Akers, 1955, p. 654, pl. 65, fig. 1. 

Globigerina eocaena Gumbel. Globigerina (Subbotina) eocaena 

Gumbel. Hagn and Lindenberg, 1969, p. 236, pl. 1, figs. 1-6; 

text figs. 3, 6a. (Pl. 9, fig. 11.) 

Globigerina falconensis Blow, 1959, p. 177, pl. 9, figs. 40, 41. 

Globigerina gortanii (Borsetti). Catapsydrax gortanii Borsetti, 1959, p. 205, pl. 1, fig. 1. (Pl. 9, figs. 14, 15; pl. 10, 

fig. 5.) 

Globigerina helicina d'Orbigny. Brady, 1884, p. 605, pl. 81, 

figs. 4, 5. (Pl. 11, fig. 15.) 

Globigerina hexagona Natland. Phleger, Parker, and Peirson, 

1953, p. 12, pl. 1, figs. 13, 14. (Pl. 9, fig.s. 3, 4; pl. 10, figs. 

1, 4.) 

Globigerina obesa (Bolli). Globorotalia obesa Bolli, 1957, p. 

119, pl. 29, figs. 2, 3. (Pl. 10, fig. 3.) 

Globigerina officinalis Subbotina. Blow and Banner, 1962, p. 

88, pl. 9, figs. A-C. (Pl. 9, fig. 2.) 

Globigerina opima (Bolli). Globorotalia opima opima Bolli, 

1957, p. 117, pl. 28, figs. 1, 2. 

Globigerina rubescens Hofker. Parker, 1967, p. 152, pl. 19, 

figs. 3, 4. (Pl. 10, fig. 2.) 

Globigerina sellii (Borsetti). Globoquadrina sellii Borsetti, 

1959, p. 209, pl. 1, fig. 3. (Pl. 9, figs. 7, 12.) 

Globigerina oligocaenica Blow and Banner (1962, p. 88, 

pl. 10, figs. G, L--N), described from the Oligocene of East 

Africa, is included here as a synonym of G. sellii. 

Globigerina yeguaensis Weinzierl and Applin, 1929, p. 408, 

pl. 43, fig. 1. (Pl. 9, fig. 10.) 

Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth, 1945, p. 69, 

pl. 13, figs. 7-9. (Pl. 11, fig. 13.) 

FIGFRE 7.-0ocurrence of planktonic Foraminifera in three wells on St. Croix Virgin Islands. Unbroken line indicates 

cantinuous occurrence; heavy line indicates dominant species; circle indicates scattered occurrence. · 
20 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

Globigerinella aequilateralis (Brady). Todd, 1965, p. 64, pl. 

25, figs. 4, 5. 

Globigerinita glutinata (Egger). Parker, 1967, p. 146, pl. 17, 

figs. 3-5. 

Globigerinoides altiaperturus Bolli. Globigerinoides triloba 

altiapertura Bolli, 1957, p. 113, pl. 25, figs. 7, 8; text fig. 21, 

fig. 3. (Pl. 11, fig. 3.) 

Globigerinoides bisphericus Todd. Bolli, 1957, p. 114, pl. 27, 

fig. 1. (Pl. 11, figs. 9, 10.) 

Globigerinoides bollii Blow, 1969, p. 324, pl. 20, figs. 2, 3. 

Globigerinoides bulloideus Crescenti, 1966, p. 43, text fig. 8, 

fig. 3; text fig. 9. (Pl. 11, figs. 1, 2.) 

Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady). Parker, 1967, p. 154, 

pl. 20, figs. 3, 4. (Pl. 11, fig. 8.) 

Globigerinoides diminutus Bolli, 1957, p. 114, pl. 25, fig. 11. 

(Pl. 11, fig. 14.) 

Globigerinoides mitra Todd. Bolli, 1957, p. 114, pl. 26, figs. 

1-4. 

Globigerinoidcs ruber (d'Orbigny). Bolli, 1957, p. 113, pl. 25, 

figs. 12, 13; text fig. 21, fig. 7. (Pl. 11, figs. 4, 6.) 

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady). Parker, 1967, p. 156, pl. 

21, figs. 1, 2, 4; text fig. 5. (Pl. 11, fig. 11.) 

Globigerinoides transitorius Blow. Globigerinoides transitoria 

Blow, 1956, p. 65, text fig. 2, figs. 12-15, (Pl. 11, fig. 7.) 

Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss). Blow, 1956, p. 62, text fig. 

1, figs. 1-3. (Pl. 11, fig. 5.) 

Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis). Globigerina 

altispira Cushman and Jarvis, 1936, p. 5, pl. 1, fig.s. 13, 14. 

(Pl. 10, figs. 6-8.) 

Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli, 1957, p. 111, pl. 24, 

figs. 9, 10. (Pl. 10, fig. 10.) 

Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins). 

Globorotalia dehiscens Chapman, Parr, and Collins, 1934, 

p. 569, pl. 11, fig. 36. (Pl. 10, figs. 9, 11.) 

Globoquadrina dehiscens advena Bermudez. Globoquadrina 

quadraria (Cushman and Ellisor) var. advena Bermudez, 

1949, p. 287, pl. 22,.figs. 36-38. (Pl. 10, fig. 13.) 

Globorotalia acostaensis Blow, 1959, p. 208, pl. 17, figs. 106, 

107. (Pl. 12, figs. 1., 2.) 

Globorotalia anfracta Parker, 1967, p. 175, pl. 28, figs. 3-8. 

Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli, 1975, p. 119, pl. 28, fig. 11. 

Pl. 12, fig. 5.) 

Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli, 1957, p. 119, pl. 28, fig. 11. 

(Pl. 12, fig. 5.) 

Stainforth ( 1948, p. 117, pl. 26, figs. 1-3) reported some 

specimens as Globigerina wilsoni ( ?) Cole which appear tO 

be synonyms of Globorotalia bolivariana (Petters). These 

were from beds of late middle Eocene to early Oligocene age 

in coastal Ecuador. 

Globorotalia centralis Cushman and Bermudez, 1937, p. 26, 

pl. 2, figs. 62-65. 

Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor. Blow and Banner, 

1966, p. 290, pl. 1, figs. 5-7; pl. 2, figs. 8, 9, 12. (Pl. 12, 

fig. 4.) 

Globorotalia fohsi lobata Bermudez. Bolli, 1957, p. 119, pl. .28, 

figs. 13, 14. (Pl. 12, fig. 6.) 

Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor, 1939, p. 11, pl. 2, 

fig. 4., (Pl. 12, fig. 3.) 

Globorotalia miozea Finlay. Blow, 1969, p. 366, pl. 45, fig. 7. 

(Pl. 12, fig. 8.) 

Orbulina bilobata (d'Orbigny). Bolli, 1957, p. 116, pl. 27, 

fig. 6. 

Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann, 1951, p. 135, text fig. II, 

figs. 1-15; text fig. III, figs. 3-8, 11, 13-16, 20-22; text 

fig. IV, figs. 2-4, 7-12, 15, 16, 19-22; text fig. V (part). 

(Pl. 11, fig. 12.) 

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny. Bolli, 1957, p. 115, pl. 27, fig. 5. 

Sphaeroidinella kochi (Caudri). Cifelli, 1965, p. 83, pl. 2, 

figs. 14, 15. (Pl. 12, fig. 10.) 

Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager). Parker, 1967, p. 161, 

pl. 23, figs. 1-5. (Pl. 12, figs. 7, 9.) 

Sphaeroidinella subdehiscens Blow. Parker, 1967, p. 162, pl. 

23, figs. 6, 7. 

BENTHONIC SPECIES 

Alabamina polita Becker and Dusenbury, 1958, p. 40, pl. 7, 

fig. 3. (Pl. 6, fig. 9.) 

Allomor.phina macrostoma Karrer. Cushman and Todd, 1949a, 

p. 68, pl. 12, figs. 4, 5. (Pl. 4, fig. 8.) 

Ammonia beccarii (Linne). Streblus beccarii (Linne). Renz, 

p. 167, pl. 9, fig. 2. (Pl. 5, fig. 5.) 

Ammonia. beccarii tepida (Cushman). Streblus beccarii 

(Linne) var. tepida (Cushman). Bermudez, 1949, p. 234, pl. 

15, figs. 49-51. 

A mmospirata mexicana (Cushman) . Pavonina · mexicana 

Cushman, 1926, p. 22, pl. 6, figs. 7-9. (Pl. 1, fig. 19.) 

Amphistegina angulata (Cushman). Galloway and Heminway, 

1941, p. 407, pl. 28, fig. 6. (Pl. 6, fig. 4.) 

Amphistegina canaensis Bermudez, 1949, p. 262, pl. 19, figs. 

16-18. 

Large, flat, evolute on both sides; about 20 chambers; 

pebbly surface. 

Amphistegina floridana Cushman and Ponton, 1932a, p. 96, 

pl. 14, figs. 6, 7. (Pl. 6, figs. 6, 8.) 

Included as probable synonyms of this variable species 

are Amphistegina chipolensis Cushman and Ponton (1932a, 

p. 96, pl. 15, fig. 1) and Asterigerina choctawensis Cushman 

and McGlamery (1938, p. 111, pl. 28, fig. 2). The former 

was described as being ancestral to Amphistegina floridana 

in the Miocene of Florida, and the latter was described from 

the Oligocene o.f Alabama. All are more compressed than 

either A. angulata or A. rotundata. Number of chambers 

ranges from 9 to 15 or more. Some of our specimens are 

typical, but others tend to be larger and to have more 

chambers than types of any of the three species here regarded as synonyms. 

A mphistegina rotundata (Cushman). Bennudez, 1949, p. 264, 

pl. 19, figs. 22-24. 

Amphistegina? sp. (Pl. 6, fig. 11.) 

Planoconvex like A mphistegina angulata, but reversed, 

that is, the flat side shows chambers only partially ooverir.g 

the previous whorl. Sutures on the coruical side are angled 
FAUNAL REFERENCE LISTS 21 

and strongly recurved. About 14 chambers in the final 

whorl. This is possibly a unique specimen. 

A ngulogerina cooperensis Cushman. Galloway and Heminway, 

1941, p. 436, pl. 34, fig. 13. 

· Angulogerina jamaicensis Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 53, 

pl. 8, fig. 3. (Pl. 4, fig. 12.) 

Angulogerina rugoplicata Cushman, 1935-b, p. 33, pl. 5, fig. 5. 

(Pl. 4, fig. 10.) 

Angulogerina vicksburgensis Cushman, 1935b, p. 33, pl. 5, 

figs. 3, 4. (Pl. 4, fig. 11.) 

Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall, 1932, p. 31, pl. 8, figs. 5-7. 

(Pl. 7, fig. 13.) 

By comparison with the types of this species from the 

lower Oligocene of Mexico, our specimens are larger, 

thicker, and more robust, and have one to three fewer 

chambers per final whorl. They seem quite typical of specimens assigned to this species from the Oligocene of Cuba 

(Palmer and Bermudez, 1936) and of Trinidad (Cushman 

and Renz, 1947). The sutures are limbate on both sides, the 

spire is depressed on both sides, and the more involute side 

is less densely punctate than the side showing the earlier 

whorls. 

A nomalina cocoaensis Cushman, 1928, p. 75, pl. 10, fig. 4. 

(Pl. 7, fig. 14.) 

Anomalina glabrata C~shman, 1924, p. 39, pl. 12, figs. 5-7. 

Anomalina granosa (Hantken). Anomalinoides granosus 

(Hantken). Hagn and Ohmert, 1971, p. 138, text fig. 6. 

(Pl. 7, fig. 11.) 

A'rchaias angulatus (Fichtel and Moll). Cole, 1931, p. 38, pl. 

5, figs. 2, 3. (Pl. 1, figs. 17, 18.) 

Astacolus crepidulus (Fichtel and Moll). Loeblich and Tappan, in Loeblich, Tappan, and others, 1964, p. 514, fig. 401, 

3. (Pl. 3, fig. 1.) 

Asterigerinata bmcteata (Cushman). Asterigerina bracteata 

Cushman, 1929. p. 48, pl. 8, fig. 6. 

Baggina, cojimarensis Palmer. Cushman and Renz, 1947, p. 

37, pl. 7, fig. 22. (Pl. 5, fig. 7.) 

Bolivina ariana Cole and Ponton. Cushman, 1937a, p. 73, pl. 

8, figs. 29, 30. 

Test distinctively flattened; sutures raised and dark with 

depressed or sunken chambers. 

Bolivina byramensis Cushman, 1937b, p. 69, pl. 8, figs. 18-20. 

(Pl. 3, fig. 32.) 

Bolivina choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery. Todd, 195.2, 

p. 29, pl. 4, fig. 25. (Pl. 3, fig. 26.) 

Bolivina dijjormis (Williamson). Cushman, 1937b, p. 164, pl. 

15, figs. 13-17. (Pl. 3, fig. 33.) 

Bolivina isidroensis Cushman and Renz, 1941, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 

16. (Pl. 3, fig. 36.) 

Bolivina mexicana aliformis Cushman. Cushman, 1937b, p. 

66, pl. 8, figs. 9, 10. (Pl. 3, fig. 35.) 

Bolivina oligocaenica Spandel. Cushman, 1937b, p. 74, pl. 9, 

figs. 1, 2. (Pl. 3, fig. 27.) 

Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett). Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 

47, pl. 7, fig. 19. (Pl. 3, fig. 25.) 

Bolivina tectijormis Cushman, 1937b, p. 67, pl. 8, figs. 12-14. 

(Pl. 3, fig. 34.) 

Bolivina tm·tuosa Br~dy. Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 44, 

pl. 7 .. fig. 6. 

Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata (Brady). Loxostoma limbatum (H. B. Brady). Cushman, 1937b, p. 186, pl. 21, 

figs. 26-29. (Pl. 3, fig. 19.) 

Bulimina affinis d'Orhigny. Cushman and Parker, 1947, p. 

122, pl. 28, figs. 23-25. (Pl. 3, fig. 20.) 

Bulimina illingi Cushman and Stainforth (1945, p. 41, 

pl. 6, fig. 7) from the Cipero Formation of Trfnidad appears to be a synonym of B. affinis. 

Bulimina bleeckeri Hedberg, 1937, p. 675, pl. 91, figs. 12, 13. 

Top of test stout, smooth, bulging; lower half with heavy 

sharp costae, ending in spines. 

Bulimina exilis tenuata ( Cus.hman). Bulimina exilis H. B. 

Brady var. tenuata (Cushman). Cushman and Parker, 

1947, p. 124, pl. 28, fig. 29. (Pl. 3, fig. 22.) 

Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermudez. Cushman and 

Parker, 1947, p. 100, pl. 23, figs. 6, 7. (Pl. 3, fig. 23.) 

Bulimina maTginospinata Cushman and Parker, 1938, p. 57, 

pl. 9, fig. 11. (Pl. 3, fig. 29.) 

Bulimina sculptilis Cushman. Cushman and Parker, 1947, p. 

103, pl. 24, fig. 12. (Pl. 3, fig. 28.) 

Camerina panamensis (Cushman). Cole, 1966, p. 2·56, 261, 

263, pl. 20, figs. 1-10, 12; pl. 25, fig. 5; pl. 27, fig. 5. 

Complanate or slightly bulging, about 3lh whorls, not 

much flaring; chambers 18 to 30 per final whorl; sutures 

limbate but not raised. 

Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll). Cushman and Todd, 

1942, p. 74, pl. 18, figs. 1-11; pl. 23, fig. 6. (Pl. 5, fig. 8.) 

Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg, 1937, p. 680, pl. 92, fig. 6. 

(Pl. 4, fig. 25.) 

Cassidulina havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, 1936a, p. 36, 

pl. 6, fig. 11. 

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady. Cassidulina subglobosa var. 

horizontalis Cushman and Renz, 1941, p. 26, pl. 4, fig. 8. 

(Pl. 4, fig. 29.) 

Cass1:dulinoides bradyi (Norman). Cushman and Todd, 1945, 

p. 63, pl. 10, fig. 14. (Pl. 4, fig. 17.) 

Cassidulinoides simplex Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 63, pl. 

10, fig. 15. (Pl. 4, fig. 16.) 

Ceratobulimina alazanensis Cushman and Harris. Cushman, 

1946b, p. 111, pl. 18, figs. 17, 18. (Pl. 4, fig. 24.) 

Cerobertina bartrumi Finlay, 1939, p. 118, pl. 11, figs. 2, 3. 

(Pl. 4, figs. 15, 20.) 

Chilostomella cylindroides Reuss. Cushman and Todd, 1949b, 

p. 87, pl. 15, figs. 8-10. (Pl. 4, figs. 19, 23.) 

Chilostomella globata Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 409, 

pl. 28, fig. 3. (Pl. 4, fig. 9.) 

Chilostomelloides ovijormis (Sherborn and Chapman). Cushman and Todd, 1949b, p. 94, pl. 16, figs. 7-9. (Pl. 4, fig. 27.) 

Cibicidella variabilis ( d'Orbigny). Cushman and Ponton, 

1932a, p. 102, pl. 15, figs. 5-7. 

Cibicides floridanus (Cushman). Cushman, 1930, p. 61, pl. 

12, fig. 3. (Pl. 8, fig. 1.) 

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob). Cushman, 1935a, 

p. 52, pl. 22, figs. 4-6. 

Cibicides mexicanus Nuttall, 1932, p. 33, pl. 9, figs. 7-9. (Pl. 

8, fig. 4.) 

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman). Cushman and Todd, 

1945, p. 70, pl. 12, fig. 7. (Pl. 8, fig. 3.) 
22 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

Cibicides robertsonianus (Brady). Phleger and Parker, 1951, 

p. 31, pl. 16. figs. 10-13. (Pl. 8, fig. 2.) 

Cibicides trinitatensis (Nuttall). Nuttall, 1932, p. 33, pl. 7, 

fig. 9. (Pl. 8, fig. 5.) 

Cibicidina choctawensis (Cushman and McGlamery). Cibicides 

choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery, 1938, p. 111, pl. 28, 

fig. 6. 

Cibicidina mississippiensis (Cushman). Anomalina mississippiensis Cushman, 1922, p. 98, pl. 21, figs. 6-8. 

Cibicidina sp. (Pl. 7, fig. 1.2.) 

A high conical form, almost concave on the flat side, 

keeled on the periphery, having only six chambers in the 

final whprl and distinct but not limbate sutures. The lipped 

aperture is situated on the periphery. 

Clavulinoides triangularis (Nuttall). Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 327, pl. 7, fig. 5. 

Cribrogloborotalia marielina Cushman and Bermudez, 1936b, 

p. 63, pl. 11, figs. 17-19. 

Cribropullenia marielensis (Palmer). N onion? marielensis 

Pa\,mer, 1936, p. 127, text figs. 1-3. (Pl. 7, fig. 5.) 

Cyclammina cancellata Brady. Flint, 1899, p. 282, pl. 27, fig. 

3; pl. 28, fig. 1. 

Cycloloculina cubensis Cushman and Bermudez, 1936b, p. 61, 

pl. 11, figs. 15, 16. 

Cymbaloporetta squammosa (d'Orbigny). Bermudez, 1949, p. 

266, pl. 19, figs. 40-42. 

Dentalina consobrina d'Orbigny, 1846, p. 46, pl. 2, figs. 1-3. 

Dentalina cooperensis Cushman. Cushman, 1935a, p. 20, pl. 

8, figs. 3, 4. 

Dentalina jacksonensis (Cushman and Applin). Cushman, 

1935a, p. 20, pl. 8, figs. 7-9. 

Dentalina mucronata Neugeboren. Cushman and Todd, 1945, 

p. 21, pl. 3, figs. 14, 15. 

Dorothia cylindrica (Nuttall). Galloway and Heminway, 

1941, p. 322, pl. 6, fig. 7. 

Ehrenbergina bicornis Brady. Cushman, 1927a, p. 2, pl. 1, 

fig. 5. (Pl. 4, fig. 26.) 

Ehrenbergina? aff. E. pupa (d'Orbigny). Ehrenbergina pupa 

(d'Orbigny). Cushman, 1927a, p. 7, pl. 2, figs. 5, 6. (Pl. 4, 

fig. 28.) 

Ellipsocristellaria sp. (Pl. 2, fig. 13.) 

A smooth-walled lenticuline with six chambers and a slit 

aperture with no trace of radiate markings. Though the 

genus was described from the Lower Cretaceous, our specimens fit its diagnosis. 

Ellipsoglandulina exponens (Brady). Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 441, pl. 36, fig. 1. 

Ellipsoglandulina multicostata (Galloway and Morrey). Nuttall, 1932, p. 24, pl. 4, fig. 4. 

Ellipsoidina ellipsoides Seguenza. Hadley, 1934, p. 123, pl. 2, 

figs. 18, 19. 

Elphidium discoidale ( d'Orbigny). Cushman, 1939, p. 56, pl. 

15, figs. 5-7. 

Elphidium fimbriatulum (Cushman). Cushman, 1939, p. 47, 

pl. 12, fig. 13. 

Elphidium panamense Cushman (1936a, p. 79, pl. 14, fig. 

3) from the Oligocene of Panama appears to be a synonym 

of E. fimbriatulum. 

Elphidium lens Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 361, pl. 14, 

fig. 10. (Pl. 7, fig. 10.) 

Elphidium lobatum Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 362, 

pl. 14, fig. 8. 

Elphidium mexicanum Kornfeld. Todd and Low, 1971, p. C16, 

pl. 3, fig. 4. 

Elphidium poeyanum (d'Orbigny). Cushman and Cahhll, 1933, 

p. 21, pl. 7, fig. 7. (Pl. 7, fig. 6.) 

Elphidium puertoricense Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

364, pl. 15, fig. 2. (Pl. 7, fig. 7.) 

Elphidium sagra (d'Orbigny). Cushman, 1939, p. 55, pl. 15, 

figs. 1-3. 

Entolingulina alazanensis (Nuttall). Frondicularia alazanensis 

Nuttall, 1932, p. 17, pl. 3, fig. 15; pl. 4, fig. 1. (Pl. 2, figs. 

14,. 15.) 

Eorupertia? sp. 

Heavy walled, coarsely perforate, globular chambers 

coiled in an .irregular trochoid spire. 

Epistomaroides pontifera (Galloway an.d Heminway). Epistomaria pontifera Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 386, pl. 

24, fig. 2. 

The following are here considered synonyms of Epistomaroides pontifera: Epistomaria? cubana Palmer (1941, 

p. 195, pl. 16, figs. 7, 11) from the upper Oligocene of Cuba 

and Epistomaria dominicana Bermudez (1949, p. 242, pl. 16, 

figs. 22-24) from .the lower Miocene of Dominican Republic. 

Eponidella libertadensis Cushman and Hedberg, 1935, p. 14, 

pl. 3, figs. 1-4. (Pl. 5, fig. 1.) 

Eponides ellisorae Garrett. Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

372, pl. 17, fig. 4. (Pl. 6, fig. 7.) 

Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

37 4, pl. 18, fig. 1. (Pl. 6, fig. 5.) 

Florilus subgrateloupi (Galloway and Hemin way). N onion 

subgrateloupi Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 358, pl. 14, 

figs. 2, 3. (Pl. 7, fig. 3.) 

Florilus whitsettensis (Cushman and Applin). Nonion whitsettense (Cushman and Applin). Cushman, 1939, p. 7, pl. 

1, fig. 27. (Pl. 7, fig. 4.) 

F.rondicularia cf. F. digitata d'Orbigny. Frondicularia digitata d'Orbigny. Parker, Jones, and Brady, 1871, p. 162, 

pl. 10, fig. 65. (Pl. 3, fig. 11.) 

Frondicularia tenuissima Hantl~en, 1881, p. 43, pl. 13, fig. 11. 

(Pl. 3, fig. 10.) 

Gaudryina trinitatensis Nuttall, 1928a, p. 76, pl. 3, figs. 15, 16. 

Glabratella aff. G. browningi Redmond, 1953, p. 725, pl. 76, 

fig. 4. (Pl. 5, fig. 6.) 

Guttulina byramensis (Cushman). Cushman and Todd, 1946, 

p. 86, pl. 15, fig. 3. 

Gypsina globula (Reuss). Cushman, 1935a, p. 54, pl. 23, figs. 

4, 5. 

Gyroidina altiformis R. E. and K. C. Stewart. Gyroidina 

soldanii altiformis R. E. and K. C. Stewart. Coryell and 

Rivero, 1940, p. 337, pl. 43, fig. 19. (Pl. 5, fig. 14.) 

Gyroidina vicksburgensis (Cushman). Todd, 1952, p. 38, pl. 5, 

fig. 17. (Pl. 5, fig. 13.) 

H anzawaia carstensi (Cushman and Ellisor) . Cibicides carstensi Cushman and Ellisor, 1939, p. 13, pl. 2, fig. 8. (Pl. 

5, fig. 12.) 

H anzawaia mantaensis (Galloway and Morrey) . Becker and 

Dusenbury, 1958, p. 45, pl. 7, fig. 4. 

Haplophragmoides coalingensis Cushman and Hanna, 1927, 

p. 210, pl. 13, fig. 4. 

Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny). Bermudez, 1949, p. 250, pl. 

17, figs. 34-36. (Pl. 6, fig. 1.) 

Karreriella bradyi (Cushman). Cushman, 1.937a, p. 135, pl. 

16, figs. 6-11. 

Karreriella disjuncta (Cushman and Jarvis). Gaudryina disjuncta Cushman and Jarvis, 1929, p. 6, pl. 2, fig. 7. (Pl. 

1, fig. 9.) 
FAUNAL REFERENCE LISTS 23 

Karreriella mexicana (Nuttall). Verneuilina mexicana Nuttall, 1932, p. 6, pl. 2;-ngs. 1, 2. (Pl. 1, figs. 7, 8.) 

Lagena striata (d'Orbigny). Cus·hman and Todd, 1945, p. 34, 

pl. 5, fig. 16. 

Lagenonodosaria acostaensis Blow, 1959, p. 122, pl. 7, fig. 10. 

(Pl. 3, fig. 12.) 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus (Gumbel). Robulus alato-limbatus 

(Gumbel). Cushman, 1935a, p. 15, pl. 6, fig. 2. 

Lenticulina americana (Cushman) . Robulus americanus 

(Cushman). Cushman, 1930, p. 24, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Lenticulina americana grandis (Cushman). Robulus americanus var. grandis (Cushman). Becker and Dusenbury, 

1958, p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 23. (Pl. 2, figs. 6, 9.) 

Lenticulina brevispinosa (Nuttall). Robulus brevispinosus 

(Nuttall). Becker and Dusenbury, 1958, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 20. 

(Pl. 2, fig. 7.) 

Lenticulina budensis (Hantken). Cristellaria budensis (Rantken). Nuttall, 1932, p. 9, pl. 1, fig. 5. (Pl. 2, fig. 10.) 

Lenticulina caroliniana (Cushman). Robulus arcuato-striatus 

(Hantken) var. carolinianus Cushman, 1933, p. 4, pl. 1, 

fig. 9. (Pl. 2, fig. 8.) 

Lenticulina clericii (Fornasini). Robulus clericii (Fornasini). 

Renz, 1948, p. 158, pl. 3, fig. 8. (Pl. 2, fig. 4.) 

Lenticulina convergens (Bornemann). Robulus convergens 

(Bornemann). Bermudez, 1949, p. 123, pl. 7, figs. 43, 44, 

49-52. (Pl. 2, figs. 2, 3.) 

Lenticulina melvilli (Cushman and Renz). Robulus melvilli 

Cushman and Renz, 1941, p. 12, pl. 2, fig. 12. 

Lenticulina orbicularis ( d'Orbigny). Robulus orbicularis 

(d'Orbigny). Bermudez, 1949, p. 129, pl. 7, figs. 33, 34. 

(Pl. 2, fig. 1.) 

Lenticulina subpapillosa (Nuttall). Cristellaria subpapillosa 

Nuttall, 1932, p. 12, pl. 1, fig. 12. (Pl. 2, fig. 11.) 

Lenticulina terryi (Coryell and Embich). Robulus terryi 

Coryell and Embich, 1937, p. 299, pl. 41, fig. 17. (Pl. 2, 

fig. 5.) 

Liebusella byramensis (Cushman). Cushman and Todd, 1946, 

p. 78, pl. 13, fig. 20. (Pl. 1, fig. 12.) 

Lingulina wilcoxensis Cushman and Ponton, 1932b, p. 58, pl. 

7, fig. 14. 

Ma1·ginopora vertebralis Quoy and Gaimard. Marginopora 

ve·rtebralis Blainville. Boltovskoy, 1959, p. 74, pl. 10, figs. 

6, 10. 

Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny. Puri, 1953, p. 98, pl. 10, figs. 

3, 4. (Pl. 3, fig. 3.) 

Marginulina hantkeni Bandy, 1949, p. 46, pl. 6, fig. 9. (Pl. 3, 

fig. 2.) 

Marginulina nuttalli Todd and Kniker, 1952, p. 14, pl. 2, 

figs. 30, 31. 

Marginulina pe1·p·rocera (Schwager). Cushman and Todd, 

1945, p. 19, pl. 3, fig. 10. (Pl. 3, fig. 9.) 

Marginulina pseudohirsuta Nuttall. Becker and Dusenbury, 

1958, p. 16, pl. 1, fig. 14. (Pl. 3, fig. 15.) 

Matanzia bermudezi Palmer, 1936, p. 126, pl. 5, figs. 14-18. 

(Pl. 1, fig. 10.) 

Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll). Parker, 1964, p. 626, 

pl. 100, figs. 15, 16. (Pl. 7, figs·. 8, 9.) 

Neoconorbina patelliformis (Brady). Todd, 1965, p. 16, pl. 2, 

fig. 1. 

N odosarella decurta (Bermudez). Bermudez, 1949, p. 231, 

pl. 14, fig. 32. 

N odosarella subnodosa (Guppy). Cushman and Stainforth, 

1945, p. 53, pl. 9, fig. 3. (Pl. 4, fig. 22.) 

Nodosaria raphanistrum (Linne.). Silvestri, 1896, p. 165, 

pl. 4, figs. 25-28, 33-36; pl. 5, figs. 2, 6-9, 22. 

The variety caribbeana, named by Hedberg (1937, p. 671, 

pl. 91, fig. 1), was erected for the form common in the Tertiary of the Caribbean region only because of uncertainty 

regarding the exact characters of Linne's species. It now 

seems unneeded. 

Nonion planatum Cushman and Thomas. Cushman, 1939, p. 4, 

pl. 1, fig. 15. 

Nonionella pulchella Hada. Cushman, 1939, p. 34, pl. 9, fig. 11. 

(Pl. 7, fig. 2.) 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss). Eponides umbonatus (Reuss). 

Cushman and Struinforth, 1945, p. 62, pl. 11, fig. 4. (Pl. 

6, fig. 10.) 

Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones). Todd, 1965, p. 25, 

pl. 15, fig. 1. (Pl. 6, fig. 3.) 

Palmerinella palmerae Bermudez. Bermudez, 1949, p. 290, 

pl. 23, figs. 10-12. 

Pararotalia byramensis (Cushman). Rotalia byramensis 

Cushman. Todd, 1952, p. 39, pl. 5, figs. 21, 22. 

Pararotalia mexicana (Nuttall). Rotalia mexicana Nuttall, 

1928b, p. 374, pl. 50, figs. 6-8. (Pl. 6, fig. 2.) 

Rotalia choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery (1938, p. 

110, pl. 27, fig. 4) from the Oligocene of Alabama appears 

to be a synonym of Pararotalia mexicana. 

Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny. Cushman and Ponton, 1932a, 

p. 71, pl. 10, figs. 7-11, 14. 

Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady). Discorbina rarescens Brady, 

1884, p. 651, pl. 90, figs. 2, 3. (Pl. 5, fig. 9.) 

Planularia protuberans (Cushman). Robulus protuberans 

(Cushman). Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 351, pl. 11, 

fig. 13. 

Planularia venezuelana Hedberg (1937, p. 670, pl. 90, fig. 

14) described from the Oligocene of Venezuela appears to 

be a synonym of P. protuberans. 

Planularia torrei Palmer, 1940, p. 277, pl. 51, figs. 5, 6. 

Planularia trinae Bermudez, 1949, p. 138, pl. 8, figs. 39, 40. 

(Pl. 2, fig. 12.) 

"Planulina" camagueyana Bermudez. Planulina camagueyana 

Bemnudez, 1937, p. 148, pl. 18, fig. 13; pl. 19, fig. 1. (Pl. 5, 

fig. 2.) 

Eponides ornatissimus Galloway and Heminway (1941, 

p. 373, pl. 17, fig. 2), described from Oligocene-Miocene beds 

in Puerto Rico, appears to be a synonym of this species 

described from the Eocene of Cuba. 

Planulina leoni Bermudez, 1937, p. 148, pl. 18, figs. 8-10. 

(Pl. 8, fig. 6.) 

Planulina marialana Hadley, 1934, p. 131, pl. 4, figs. 4-6. 

(Pl. 8, fig. 9.) 

Planulina mexicana Cushman, 1927b, p. 113, pl. 23, fig. 5. 

(Pl. 8, fig. 8.) 

Planulina subtenuissima (Nuttall). Renz, 1948, p. 151, pl. 11, 

fig. 4. (Pl. 8, fig. 7.) 

Planulina sp. (Pl. 8, fig; 10.) 

Large compressed test is depressed in the center of both 

sides; lobulate periphery is rimmed by a limbate keel; wall 

is densely perforate on both sides. 

Plectofrondicttla·ria jarvisi Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 38, 

pl. 6, fig. 4. (Pl. 3, fig. 13.) 

Plectofrondicularia t·rinitatensis Cushman and Jarvis 1929 

p. 11, pl. 2, fig. 16. ' ' 

Plectofrondicularia yumuriana Palmer. Plectofrondicularia?, 

yumuriana Palmer, 1940, p. 294, pl. 53, figs. 3, 4. (Pl. 3, 

fig. 14.) 
24 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

Pleurostomella bierigi Palmer and Bermudez, 1936, p. 294, pl. 

17, figs. 7, 8. (Pl. 4, fig. 31.) 

Pleurostomella elliptica Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

438, pl. 35, fig. 3. (Pl. 4, fig. 30.) 

Pseudoclavulina bullbrooki Cushman, 1936b, p. 18, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Pseudoclavulina sp. (Pl. 1, fig. 11.) 

A large, smooth-surfaced species with only slightly incised sutures. 

Pseudonodosaria comatula (Cushman) . Becker and Dusenbury, 1958, p. 20, pl. 3, fig. 1. (Pl. 3, fig. 18.) 

Pseudonodosaria inflata (Bornemann). Glandulina inflata 

Bornemann, 1855, p. 320, pl. 12, figs. 6, 7. 

Pullenia bulloides d'Orbigny. Becker and Dusenbury, 1958, p. 

26, pl. 7, fig. 2. 

Pullenia quinqueloba (Reuss). Becker and Dusenbury, 1958, 

p. 27' pl. 6, fig. 3. 

"Pullenia" 'riveroi Bermudez, 1939, p. 11, pl. 2, figs. 1-6. (Pl. 

7, fig. 1.) 

Our specimens bear minute sutural pores, similar to those 

on Candeina, as originally described and as shown on 

Oligocene specimens from the Oceanic Formation of the 

Barbados (Beckmann, 1953, p. 389, pl. 24, fig. 14.) 

Pyrgo denticulata (Brady). Cushman and Ponton, 1932a, p. 

56, pl. 7, figs. 7, 8. 

Pyrgo inornata (d'Orbigny). Galloway and Heminway, 1941, 

p. 311, pl. 4, fig. 3. 

Quadrimorphina allomorphinoides (Reuss) . Cushman and 

Todd, 1949a, p. 69, pl. 12, figs. 10-12. (Pl. 4, fig. 21.) 

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny, 1846, p. 290, pl. 18, 

figs. 16-21. 

Quinqueloculina ermani Bornemann, 1855, p. 351, pl. 19, fig. 6. 

(Pl. 1, fig. 14.) 

Quinqueloculina seminulum (Linne). Cushman, 1930, p. 19, 

pl. 2, figs. 1, 2. 

Robertina declivis (Reuss). Cushman and Parker, 1936, p. 

94, pl. 16, fig. 5. (Pl. 4, fig. 18.) 

Robertina imperatrix (Karrer) from the Miocene of 

Hungary (Cushman and Parker, 1936, p. 95, pl. 16, figs. 6, 

7) appears to be a synonym of R. declivis, originally described from the Oligocene of Germany. 

Rosalina floridensis (Cushman). Discorbis bertheloti ( d'Orbigny) var. floridensis Cushman, 1931, p. 17, pl. 3, figs. 

3-5. (Pl. 5, figs. 3, 4.) 

Rotorbinella mira (Cushman). Discorbis mira Cushman. Bermudez, 1949, p. 239, pl. 15, figs. 28-30. 

Rotorbinella tholus (Galloway and Hemin way). Rotalia tholus 

Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 382, pl. 20, fig. 2. 

Sagrina vicksburgensis (Howe). Bitubulogenerina vicksburgensis Howe, 1934, p. 420, pl. 51, fig. 7. (Pl. 3, fig. 24.) 

Sa'racenaria arcuata (d'Orbigny). Galloway and Heminway, 

1941, p. 333, pl. 9, fig. 6. 

Saracenaria italica Defrance. Cole and Ponton, 1930, p. 35, 

pl. 6, fig. 5. (Pl. 3, fig. 8.) 

Saracenaria senni Hedberg, 1937, p. 674, pl. 90, fig. 18. (Pl. 

3, fig. 7.) 

Sigmoilina tenuis (Czjzek). Cushman and Todd,·1945, p. 10, 

pl. 2, fig. 4. (Pl. 1, fig. 15.) 

Siphogene-rina hubbardi Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

434, pl. 34, fig. 2. (Pl. 4, fig. 14.) 

Siphogene-rina mexicana Cushman. Galloway and Heminway, 

1941, p. 434, pl. 34, fig. 1. (Pl. 4, fig. 13.) 

Siphonina tenuicarinata Cushman. Bermudez, 1949, p. 244, pl. 

16, figs. 37-39. (Pl. 5, fig. 10.) 

Sphaeroidina chilostomata Galloway and Morrey. Sphaeroidina 

bulloides d'Orbigny var. chilostomata Galloway and Morrey, 

1929, p. 32, pl. 5, fig. 1. 

Spiroloculina alveata Cushman and Todd, 1944, p. 28, pl. 4, 

figs. 29, 30. (Pl. 1, fig. 16.) 

Spi-roplectammina mississippiensis (Cushman). Textularia 

mississippiensis Cushman, 1922, p. 90, pl. 14, fig. 4. (Pl. 1, 

fig. 4.) 

Stilostomella caribaea (Palmer and Bermudez). Ellipsonodosaria caribaea Palmer and Bennudez, 1936, p. 297, pl. 18, 

figs. 10, 11. (Pl. 3, fig. 16.) 

Stilostomella verneuili (d'Orbigny). Becker and Dusenbury, 

1958, p. 37, pl. 4, fig. 19. (Pl. 3, fig. 17.) 

Textularia bermudezi Cushman and Todd, 1945, p. 3, pl. 1, 

fig. 7. (Pl. 1, fig. 3.) 

Textularia aff. T. conica d'Orbigny. Textularia conica d'Orbigny, 1839, p. 143, pl. 1, figs. 19, 20. (Pl. 1, fig. 2.) 

Textularia grenadana Hedberg, 1937, p. 667, pl. 90, figs. 5, 6. 

Textularia kugleri Cushman and Renz, 1941, p. 5, pl. 1, figs. 

8, 9. 

Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz, 1941, p. 3, pl. 1, 

fig. 2. (Pl. 1, fig. 1.) 

Textularia isid-roensis Cushman and Renz (1941, p. 4, pl. 

1, fig. 7) is here considered a synonym of T. leuzingeri. Both . 

species were described from the Agua Salada Formation of 

Venezuela. 

Textularia yasicaensis Bermudez, 1949, p. 65, pl. 2, figs. 37, 38. 

Textulariella barrettii (Jones and Parker). Cushman, 1937a, 

p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 5-8. 

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck). Cushman and Ponton, 

1932a, p. 52, pl. 6, fig. 6. 

Tritaxilina mexicana Cushman, 1925, p. 64, pl. 10, fig. 4. 

(Pl. 1, fig. 5.) 

Turrilina robertsi (Howe and Ell'is). Bulimina -robertsi Howe 

and Ellis in Howe, 1939, p. 63, pl. 8, figs. 32, 33. (Pl. 3, 

fig. 21.) 

Uvigerina adelinensis (Palmer and Bermudez). Uvigerina 

cubana Palmer and Bermudez, 1936, p. 292, pl. 17, figs. 

5, 6. (Pl. 4, fig. 1.) 

Uvigerina barbatula Macfadyen, 1930, p. 92, pl. 3, fig. 26. 

Test is narrowed and· smooth or finely striate toward 

the apertural end. Wall is ornamented by sharp costae 

overhanging the apical end with backward-projecting spines. 

Uvigerina elongata Cole. Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

428, pl. 33, fig. 5. 

Uvigerina greymouthensis Todd and Low, new name. Uvigerina bortotara (Finlay) var. costata Dorreen, 1948, p. 

296, pl. 38, fig. 5. (Not Uvigerina costata Bieda, 1936, p. 

265, pl. 8, fig. 3.) (PI: 4, fig. 2.) 

Test short and stout, about 1% times a.s long as broad, 

widest at the penultimate chamber, initial end blunt; chambers moderately distinct, only slightly inflated; sutures distinct in later part, somewhat obscured by costae between 

early chambers; wall covered by well raised bladeHke costae, those of each chambc~ independent of the next, those 

projecting at the initial end of well preserved specimens 

appearing as .short spines, those on last chamber extending 

unbroken to base of apertural neck; aperture terminal on 

very short slightly rimmed neck, which on .some specimens 

appears to be tucked into convergence of the final two 

chambers. 

Dimensions of the holotype from New Zealand are length 

0.65 mm and width 0.40 mm. Our Puerto Rican specimens 
FAUNAL REFERENCE LISTS 25 

measure 0.50-0.80 mm in length and 0.35-0.45 mm in width. 

Holotype (Cushman colln. No. 64175) from the upper 

Eocene Omotumotu Formation of the type Kaiatan Stage, 

Ethel Creek, Greymouth, New Zealand. 

Our specimens of Uvigerina greymouthensis new name 

and those of Dorreen compare very well in their shor.t 

stocky tests and in that the costae continue over the final 

chamber to the base of the apertural neck. Examination of 

paratypes of Hopkinsina bortotara Finlay in the U.S. National Museum collections (USNM 689091) shows this species to be more attenuated and loosely coiled with the costae broken into hispid spines on the late chambers. These 

differences are consistent enough to warrant a specific 

rather than a subspecific designation for our costate 

species. 

In surface ornamentation, U. greymouthensis seems related to U. havanensis Cushman and Benmidez (1936b, p. 

59, pl. 10, figs. 19-21) from the E<X!ene of Cuba. It differs, 

however, in its having a shorter and more robust test and 

in its neck being less protruding. A distinctive characteristic in both U. greymouthensis and U. havanensis is that, 

toward the apertural end, the pal'lallel costae of one chamber lie at an angle to the parallel costae of the adjacent 

chamber. 

The highly appropriate name costata was erected for 

another species of Uvigerina by Bieda in 1936 necessitating 

a new name for U. bortotara costata Dorreen described in 

1948, from upper Eocene beds in Greymouth, New Zealand. 

Uvigerina jacksonensis Cushman. Cushman, 1935a, p. 40, pl. 

16, figs. 1-3. 

Uvigerina mantaensis Cushman and Edwards, 1938, p. 84, 

pl. 14, fig. 8. (Pl. 4, fig. 5.) 

Uvigerina mexicana Nuttall, 1932, p. 22, pl. 5, figs. 12, 13. (Pl. 

4, figs. 6, 7.) 

Uvigerina nuttalli Cushman 'and Edwards, 1938, p. 82, pl. 14, 

figs. 3-5. (Pl. 4, fig. 4.) 

Uvigerina sp. (Pl. 4, fig. 3.) 

Characterized by scalloped sutures, and by few costae 

so blunted as to appear as if melted onto the test wall. 

Va,ginulinopsis cumulicostata (Gumbel). Cristellaria cumulicostata Gumbel, 1870, p. 638, pl. 1, fig. 67. (Pl. 3, figs. 4-6.) 

The following are here considered synonyms of V aginulinopsis cumulicostata: Vaginulina elegans d'Orbigny var. 

mexicana Nuttall (1932, p. 16. pl. 3, figs. 12, 16) from the 

Alazan Shale of Mexico and Cristellaria saundersi G. D. 

Hanna and M. A. Hanna (1924, p. 61, pl. 13, figs. 5, 6, 15.) 

from the Eocene of Washington State. 

Valvulammina cornucopia Galloway and Heminway, 1941, p. 

320, pl. 6, fig. 4. (Pl. 1, fig. 6.) 

Valvulineria nuttalli Palmer and Bermudez, 1936, p. 300, pl. 

19, figs. 3-5. (Pl. 5, fig. 11.) 

Valvulineria paucilocula Cushman, 1935b, p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 7. 

Valvulineria sculpturata Cushman, 1935b, p. 37, pl. 5, fig. 10. 

ViTgulina colei Cushman. Virgulina colei Cushman, 1937b, p. 

12, pl. 2, figs. 9, 10. (Pl. 3, figs. 30, 31.) 

Virgulina pontoni Cushman. Virgulina pontoni Cushman, 

1937b, p. 19, pl. 2, figs. 26-28. 

Vulvulina stainforthi Cushman and Renz, 1947, p. 6, pl. 1, fig. 

14. (Pl. 1, figs. 20, 21.) , 

Genus? related to Eggerella bradyi (Cushman). (Pl. 1, fig. 

13.) 

Appears to have a fine-grained and ·smoothly finished 

arenaceous wall and to be an arenaceous isomorph of 

Sphaeroidina. 

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26 FORAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

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Cole, W. S., 1931, The Pliocene and Plestocene Foraminifera 

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Cole, W. S., and Ponton, G. M., 1930, The Foraminifera of 

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Cushman, J. A., 1922, The Foraminifera of the Byram calcareous marl at Byram, Mississippi: U.S. Geol. Survey 

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--- 1924, Samoan Foraminifera: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 342, p. 1-75, pls. 1-25. 

--- 1925, Notes on the genus Tritaxilina: Cushman Lab. 

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--- 1926, Foraminifera of the genera Siphogenerina and 

Pavonina: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 67, art. 25, p. 1-24, 

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--- 1927a, Foraminifera of the genus Ehrenbergina and 

its species: U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 70, art, 16, p. 1-8, 

pls. 1, 2. 

--- 1927b, New and interesting Foraminifera from Mexico 

and Texas: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

3, p. 111-119, pls. 22, 23. 

--- 1928, Additional F'oraminifera from the upper Eocene 

of Alabama: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 4, p. 73-79, pl. 10. 

--- 1929, Notes on the Foraminifera of the Byram Marl: 

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7, 8. 

--- 1930, The Foraminifera of the Choctawhatchee Formation of Florida: Florida State Geol. Survey Bull. 4, 

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--- 1931, The Foraminifera of the Atlantic Ocean. Part 

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Rupertiidae, and Homotremidae: U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 

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--- 1933, New Foraminifera from the upper Jackson 

Eocene of the southeastern coastal plain region of the 

United States: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., 

v. 9, p. 1-21, pls. 1, 2. 

--- 1935a, Upper Eocene Foraminifera of the southeastern 

United States: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 181, p. 

1-88, pls. 1-23. 

--- 1935b, New species of Foraminifera from the lower 

·Oligocene of Mississippi: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research 

Contr., v. 11, p. 25-39, pls. 4, 5. 

--- 1936a, Some new species of Elphidium and related 

genera: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, 

p. 78-89, plL 14, 15. 

--- 1936b, New genera and species of the famiLies Verneuilinidae and Valvulinidae and of the subfamily Virgulininae: Cushman Lah. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 6, 

71 p., 8 pls. 

--- 1937a, A monograph of the foraminiferal family Valvulinidae: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 8, 

210 p., 24 pis. 

--- 1937b, A monograph of the subfamily Virgulininae 

of the foraminiferal family Buliminidae: Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 9, 228 p., 24 pls. 

--- 1939, A monograph of the foraminiferal family 

Nonionidae: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 191, 100 

p., 20 pis. 

--- 1946a, Tertiary Foraminifera from St. Croix, Virgin 

Islands, with a note on the geology by D. J. Cedestrom: 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 210-A, p. 1-17, figs. 1, 2. 

--- 1946b, The genus Cera to bulimina and its species: 

· Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 22, p. 107-

117, pls. 17-19. 

Cushman, J. A., and Bermudez, P. J., 1936a, New genera and 

species of Foraminifera from the Eocene of Cuba: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, p. 27-38, pls. 

5, 6. 

--- 1936b, Additional new species of Foraminifera and 

a new genus from the Eocene of Cuba: Cushman Lab. 

Foram. Research Contr., v. 12, p. 55-63, pls. 9-11. 
REFERENCES CITED 27 

--- 1937, Further new .species of Foraminifera from the 

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Cushman, J. A., and Cahill, E. D., 1933, Miocene Foraminifera of the coastal plain of the eastern United States: U.S. 

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Cushman, J. A., and Edwards, P. G., 1938, Notes on the 

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Cushman, J. A., and Elli.SQr, A. C., 1939, New species of 

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Cushman, J. A., and Hanna, G. D., 1927, Foraminifera from 

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Cushman, J. A. and Jarvis, P. W., 1929, New Foraminife1•a 

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--- 1930, Miocene Foraminifera from Buff Bay, Jamaica: 

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--- 1936, Three new Foraminifera from the Miocene 

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Cushman, J. A., and McGlamery, Winnie, 1938, Oligocene 

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--- 1942, Oligocene Foraminifera near Millry, Alabama: 

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Cushman, J. A., and Parker, F. L., 1936, Some species of 

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p. 92-100, pl. 16. 

--- 1938, Notes on some Pliocene and Pleistocene species 

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--- 194 7, Bulimina and related foraminiferal genera: 

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Cushman, J. A., and Ponton, G. M., 1932a, The Foraminifera 

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--- 1932b, An Eocene foraminiferal fauna of Wilcox age 

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Cushman, J. A., and Renz, H. H., 1941, New OligoceneMiocene Foraminifera from Venezuela : Cushman Lab. 

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--- 1947, The foraminiferal fauna of the Oligocene, Ste. 

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--- 1944, The genus Spiroloculina and its species: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Spec. Pub. 11, 82 p., 9 pls. 

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--- 1946, A foraminiferal fauna from the Byram marl 

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--- 1949a, Species of the genera Allomorphina and Quadrimorphina: Cushman. Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

25, p. 59-72, pls. 11, 12. 

--- 1949b, Species of the genus Chilostomella and related genera: Cushman Lab. Foram. Research Contr., v. 

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28 FARAMINIFERA FROM DEEP WELLS ON PUERTO RICO AND ST. CROIX 

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p., 6 pls. 

--- 1957, Smaller Foraminifera, in Geology of Saipan, 

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Bahama Bank west of Andros Island: U.S. Geol. Survey 

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384-410, pls. 42-44. 
Page 

A 

acostaensis, Globorotalia ------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

Lagenonodosaria ---------- 9, 16, 23; pl. 3 

adelinensis, Uvigerina --------- 10, 11, 12, 13, 

15, 24; pl. 4 

advena, Globoquadrina dehiscens _ 18, 20; pl. 10 

Globoquadrina quadraria ---------- 20 

aequilateralis, Globerinella ------------ 18, 20 

affiniB, Bulimina -----------8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

akneriana, Quinqueloculina --------- 10, 12,24 

Alabamina polita ----------------- 8, 20; pl. 6 

alatolimbatus, Lenticulina __ 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23 Robulus _ __ _ __ _ __ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ 23 

alazanensis, Anomalina ----------- 8, 21; pl. 7 

Ceratobulimina -------- 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 4 

Entolingulina ---------- 9, 12, 16, 22; pl. 2 

Frondicularia. --------------------- 22 

aliformis, Bolivina mexicana ------ 8, 11, 12, 13 

14, 21; pl. 3 

AUomorphina macrostoma --------- 8, 20; pl. 4 

aUomorphinoides, Quadrimorphina __ 9, 24; pl. 4 

altiapertura, Globigerinoides triloba _ _ _ _ 20 

altiaperturus, Globigerinoides __ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

altiformiB, Gyroidina -------- 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 

15, 22; pl. 5 

Gyroidina soldanii ---------------- 22 

altispira, Globigerina ----------------- 210 

Globoquadrina --------- 3, 17, 18, 20; pl. 10 

globosa. Globoquadrina ------ 18, 20; pl. 10 

alveata, Spiroloculina ______ 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 1 

americana, Lenticulina ---------------·- 9, 23 

grandiB, Lenticulina ---------- 9, 23; pl. 2 

americanus, Robulus ------------------ 23 

grandis, Robulus ------------------ 23 Ammonia beccarii ____________ 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 

14, 15, 20; pl. 5 

beccarii tepida ------------------ 8, 10, 20 

Ammospirata mexicana ----- 8, 11, 16, 20; pl. 1 

Amphistegina angulata ______ 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 

13, 15, 20; pl. 6 

canaensiB ____ -- _ -- _______ ------ _ _ _ 8, 20 

chipolensis ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 210 

fioridana ------ 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 20; pl. 6 

'l'otundata ---------------- 8, 10, 11, 13,20 

sp --------------------------- 8, 20; pl. 6 

ampliapertura, Globigerina ------ 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

anfracta, Globorotalia ----------------- 18, 20 

anuulata, Amphistegina ----- 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 

13, 15, 20; pl. 6 

angulatus, Archaias ------ 8, 10, 12, 13, 21; pl. 1 

Angulogerina cooperensis ----------- 8, 11, 2i 

jamaicensiB ------------------ 8, 21; pl. 4 

rugoplicata ---------------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

vicksburgensis ---------- 8, 11, 15, 21; pl. 4 

Anomalina alazanensis ------------ 8, 21; pl. 7 

bilateralis ------------------------- 16 

cocoaensis ----------------- 8, 12, 21; pl. 7 

glabrata ------------------------ 8, 13, 21 

granosa ------------------- 8, 12, 21; pl. 7 

mississippiensiB ------------------- 22 

Anomalinoides granosus --------------- 21 

apertura, Globigerina --------------- 17, 18, 19 

INDEX 

Page 

Archaias angulatus ------ 8, 10, 12, 13, 21; pl. 1 

archeomenardii, Globorotalia __ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

arcuata, Saracenaria ------------------ 10, 24 

arcuato-striatus carolinianus, Robulus___ 23 

ariana, Bolivina -------------- 8, 11, 12, 16, 21 

Astacolus crepidulus -------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

Asterigerina bracteata ---------------- 21 

choctawensiB ---------------------- 20 

Asterigerinata bracteata ---------- 8, 11, 13, 21 

auriculus, CancriB ---------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 5 

B 

Baggina cojimarensiB ---- 8, 10, 11, 15, 21; pl. 5 

barbatula Uvigerina ------------------- 10, 24 

barrettii, Textulariella -------------- 1'0, 16,24 

bartrumi, Cerobertina ------------- 8, 21; pl. 4 

beccarii, Ammonia ____________ 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 

14, 15, 20; pl. 5 

Streblus -------------------------- 20 

tepida, Ammonia ---------------- 8, 10, 20 

tepida, Streblus ------------------- 20 

Benthonic assemblages --------------- 2, 7, 20 

bermudezi, Matanzia ----------- 9, 12, 23; pl. 1 

Textularia --------------- 10, 12, 24; pl. 1 

bertheloti fioridensis, Discorbis -------- 24 

bicornis, Ehrenbergina ---------------- 8, 22 

bierigi, Pleurostomella --------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 4 

bilateraliB, Anomalina ----------------- 16 

bilobata, Orbulina -------------------- 18,20 

bisphericus, Globigerinoides __ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

Bitubulogenerina vicksburgensiB _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

bleeckeri, Bulimina -------------- 8, 11, 12,21 

bolivariana, Globorotalia ------ 5, 6, 7, 20; pl. 9 

Bolivina ariana --------------- 8, 11, 12, 16, 21 

byramensis ------------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

choctawensis ----- 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21; pl. 3 

difformis ·------------------ 8, 16, 21; pl. 3 

isidroensis ---------------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

mexicana aliformis ---------- 8, 11, 12, 13, 

14, 21; pl. 3 

oligocaenica --------------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

rhomboidalis --------------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

tectiformis ------------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

tortuosa ------------------------ 8, 11,21 

(Loxostomum) limbata -------- 8, 21; pl. 3 

bollii, Globigerinoides -------------- 17, 18,20 

bortotara, Hopkinsina ---------------- 25 

costata, Uvigerina ---------------- 24,25 

bracteata, Asterigerina ---------------- 21 

Asterigerinata --------------- 8, 11, 13,21 

bradyi, Cassidulinoides ------------ 8, 21; pl. 4 

Eggerella -------------------- 10, 25; pl. 1 

Karreriella --------------------- 9, 16, 22 

brevispinosa, Lenticulina -------- 9, 12, 13, 15, 

23; pl. 2 

brevispinosus. Robulus ---------------- 23 

browningi, Glabratella ------------ 9, 22; pl. 5 

budensis, Cristellaria ----------------- 23 

Lenticulina ------------- 9, 12, 13, 23; pl. 2 

Page 

Bulimina affinis ------------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

bleeckeri -------------------- 8, 11, 12,21 

exiliB tenuata ----------------- 8, 21; pl. 3 

illingi ---------------------------- 21 

impendens ------------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

marginospinata --------------- 8, 21; pl. 3 robertsi _________________ --- ____ -- 24 

sculptiliB --------------- 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 3 

bullbrooki, Pseudoclavulina ------------ 9, 24 

bulloides, PuUenia ------------------- 9, 12,24 

chilostomata, Sphaeroidina -------- 24 

bulloideus, Globigerinoides ____ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

byramensis, Bolivina -------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

Guttulina ------------------------- 9, 22 

Liebusella -------------- 9, 12, 16, 23; pl. 1 

Pararotalia ------------------ 9, 12, 13, 23 Rotalia _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ __ ___ 23 

c 

camagueyana, Planulina ------- 9, 13, 23; pl. 5 

Camerina panamensis --------- 8, 110, 12, 13,21 

canaensis, Amphistegina --------------- 8, 20 

cancollata, Cyclammina --------------- 8, 22 

CancriB auriculus ---------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 5 

Candeina ______ ------ ___ -------------- 24 

carapitana, Cassidulina -------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

caribaea, Ellipsonodosaria ------------- 24 

Stilostomella ------------- 10, 11, 24; pl. 3 

caribbeana, Nodosaria raphanistrum _ _ _ 23 

caroliniana, Lenticulina ____ 9, 11, 13, 23; pl. 2 

carolinianus, Robulus arcuato-striatus __ 23 

carstensi, Cibicides -------------------- 22 

Hanzawaia ------------- 9, 10, 11, 22; pl. 5 

Cassidulina carapitana --------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

havanensis ---------------------- 8, 11, 21 

subglobosa ---------------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

subglobosa horizontalis ------------ 21 

Cassidulinoides bradyi ------------ 8, 21; pl. 4 

simplex ----------------------- 8, ?.1; pl. 4 

Cassigerinella chipolensis ----------- 4, 5, 6, 19 

Catapsydrax gortanii ------------------ 19 

centralia, Globorotalia ---------------- 5, 7, 20 

Ceratobulimina alazanensis __ 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 4 

Cerobertina bartrumi ------------- 8, 21; pl. 4 

Chiloguembelina cubensiB ----------- 4, 5, 6, 19 

chilostomata, Sphaeroidina ------ 10, 11, 15, 24 

Sphaeroidina bulloides ------------ 24 

Chilostomella cylindroides ___ 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 4 

globata ----------------- 8, 12, 16, 21; pl. 4 

Chilostomelloides oviformis __ 8, 12, 16, 21; pl. 4 

chipolensiB, Amphistegina ------------- 20 

Cassigerinella ------------------ 4, 6, 6, 19 

choctawensiB, Asterigerina ------------- 20 

Bolivina __________ 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21; pl. 3 

Cibicides __ _ __ ___ _ __ ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ 22 

Cibicidina ------------------- 8, 11, 15, 22 Rotalia _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ ___ _ 23 

Cibicidella variabilis ------------------- 8, 21 

Cibicides carstensi -------------------- 22 

choctaw en is ______ ---------------- 22 

fioridanus -------------------- 8, 21; pl. 8 

29 
30 

Page 

Cibicides carstensi-Continued 

lobatulus ------------------------ 8, 10, 21 

mexicanus ------- 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 21; pl. 8 

pseudoungerianus ____ 8, 11, 12, 15, 21; pl. 8 

robertsonianus ------------- 8, 11, 22; pl. 8 

trinitatensis ------------ 8, 11, 16, 22; pl. 8 

Cibicidina choctawensis ---------- 8, 11, 15, 22 

mississippiensis ----------------- 8, 11,22 

sp --------------------------- 8, 22; pl. 7 

ciperoensis, Globigerina ____ 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19; 

pl. 9, 10 

Clavulinoides triangularis -------- 8, 11, 16, 22 

clericii, Lenticulina ----- 9, 11, 13, 16, 23; pl. 2 

Robulus -------------------------- 23 

coalingensis, Haplaphragmoides _____ 9, 13, 14, 

16,22 

cocoaensis, Anomalina --------- 8, 12, 21; pl. 7 

cojimarensis, Baggina ____ 8, 10, 11, 15, 21; pl. 5 

colei, Virgulina -------- 10, 11, 13, 15, 25; pl. 3 

comatula, Pseudonodosaria ------ 9, 11, 13, 16, 

24; pl. 3 

conglobatus, Globigerinoide11 __ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

conplomerata, Globigerina -- 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19; 

pl. 9, 10 

conica, Textularia --------------- 10, 24; pl. 1 

consobrina, \Dentalina ----------------- 8, 22 

Contacts, Oligocene and ·cretaceous or 

Eocene ------------------- 2 

converpens, Lenticulina ----- 9, 11, 13, 23; pl. 2 

Robulus -------------------------- 23 

cooperensis, Angulogerina ----------- 8, 11, 21 

Dentalina ______ - _______ -------- _ -- 8, 22 

cornucopia, Valvulammina ------- 10, 25; pl. 1 

costata, Uvigerina bortotara --------- 24, 25 

crepidulus, Astacolus ------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

Cretaceous beds _ ---------------------- 5 

Cribrogloborotalia marielina --------- 8, 11, 22 

Cribropullenia marielensis ------- 8, 11, 12, 15, 

22; pl. 7 

Cristellaria budensis ------------------ 23 

cumulicostata --------------------- 25 saundersi _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ 25 

subpapillosa ---------------------- 23 

cubana, Epistomaria ------------------ 22 Uvigerina _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ 24 

cubensis, Chiloguembelina ---------- 4, 5, 6, 19 

Cycloloculina ------------- 8, 11, 12, 16,22 

culter, Osangularia ------ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 6 

cumulicostata, Cristellaria ------------- 25 

Vaginulinopsis ---------10, 13, 16, 25; pl. 3 

Cyclammina cancellata ---------------- 8, 22 

Cycloloculina cubensis --------- 8, 11, 12, 16, 22 

cylindrica, Dorothia ----------- 8, 11, 12, 16,22 

cylindroides, Chilostomella ___ 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 4 

Cymbaloporetta squammosa ------------ 8, 22 

D 

declivis, Robertina --------------- 10, 24; pl. 4 

decurta, Nodosarella ------------------ 9, 23 

dehiscens, Globoquadrina --------- 18, 20; pl. 10 Globorotalia _ __ _ __ ___ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ 20 

advena, Globoquadrina ------- 18, 20; pl. 10 

Dentalina consobrina ------------------ 8, 22 

cooperensis ----------------------- 8, 22 

jacksonensis -------------------- 8, 11, 22 

mucronata ------------------------ 8, 22 

denticulata, Pyrgo -------------------- 9, 24 

difformis, Bolivina ------------- 8, 16, 21; pl. 3 

digitata, Frondicularia ------------ 9, 22; pl. 3 

diminutus, Globigerinoides ____ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

discoidale, Elphidium --------- 8, 10, 12, 13, 22 

Discorbids ---------------------------- 14 

Discorbina rarescens -------------------- 23 Discorbis bertheloti floridensis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24 

mira ----------------------------- 24 

disjuncta, Gaudryina ------------------ 22 

Karreriella ------------- 9, 11, 14, 22; pl. 1 

INDEX 

Page 

dissimilis, Globigerina --------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl. 9 

dominicana, Epistomaria -------------- 22 

Dorothia cylindrica ----------- 8, 11, 12, 16,22 

druryi, Globigerina -------------------- 18, 19 

E 

Eggerella bradyi ----------------- 10, 25; pl. 1 

Ehrenbergina bicornis ---------------- 8, 22 

pupa ------------------------- 8, 22; pl. 4 

elegans, Hoeglundina ____ 9, 12, 13, 16, 22; pl. 6 

mexicana, Vaginulina ------------- 25 

Ellipsocristellaria sp -------------- 8, 22; pl. 2 

Ellipsoglandulina exponens ------------ 8, 22 

multicostata -------------------- 8, 12,22 

ellipsoides, Ellipsoidina ---------- 8, 11, 15,22 

Ellipsoidina ellipsoides ----------- 8, 11, 15,22 

Ellipsonodosaria caribaea ____ - _____ ---- 24 

elliptica, Pleurostomella ------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 4 

ellisorae, Eponides ------------ 9, 10, 22; pl. 6 

elongata, Uvigerina ------------------- 10,24 

Elphidiids ---------------------------- 14 

Elphidium discoidale ---------- 8, 10, 12, 13,22 

fimbriatulum ---------------- 8, 12, 13,22 

lens --------- 2, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 22; pl. 7 

lobatum ------------------------ 8, 10,22 

mexicanum ------------------ 8, 10, 12, 22 

panamense ----------------------- 22 

poeyanum ----------- 8, 10, 12, 13, 22; pL 7 

puertoricense ----------- 8, 10, 13, 22; pl. 7 

sagra ----------------------- 8, 10, 13,22 

Entolingulina alazanensis ___ 9, 12, 16, 22; pl. 2 

eocaena, Globigerina ---------- 4, 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

Globigerina (Subbotina) ---------- 19 

Eocene beds ------------------ 5, 7, 11, 13, 14 

Eorupertia sp ---------------- 9, 11, 13, 15,22 

Epistomaria cubana ------------------- 22 

dominicana ----------------------- 22 

pontifera ______ --- ___ ------ _- _ ---- 22 

Epistomaroides pontifera --------------- 9, 22 

Eponidella libertadensis __ 9, 10, 12, 13, 22; pl. 5 

Eponides ellisorae ------------·- 9, 10, 22; pl. 6 

ornatissimus ---------------------- 23 

parantillarum _ 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 22; pl. 6 

umbonatus ----------------- ___ --- 23 

ermani, Quinqueloculina --------- 10, 24; pl. 1 

exilis tenuata, Bulimina ----------- 8, 21; pl. 3 

eximia, Globigerina ------------------- 19 

exponens, Ellipsoglandulina ----------- 8, 22 

F 

falconensis, Globigerina ------------- 17,18, 19 

fimbriatulum, Elphidium -------- 8, 12, 13,22 

floridana, Amphistegina ------ 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 

15, 20; pl. 6 

floridanus, Cibicides --------------- 8, 21; pl. 8 

floridensis, Discorbis bertheloti -------- 24 

Rosalina ----------------- 10, 13, 24; pl. 5 

Florilus grateloupi ___________ - ______ -- 14 

subgrateloupi ----------- 9, 10, 13, 22; pl. 7 

whitsf!ttensis ----------- 9, 11, 12, 22; pl. 7 

fohsi, Globorotalia ------------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

lobata, Globorotalia ------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

Frondicularia alazanensis -------------- 22 

digitata ----------------------- 9, 22; pl. 3 

tenuissima ------------- 9, 12, 16, 22; pl. l! 

G 

Gaudryina disjuncta ------------------ 22 

trinitatensis -------------------- 9, 16, 22 

glabra, Marginulina ------------ 9, 12, 23; pl. 3 

glabrata, Anomalina ---------------- 8, 13,21 

Glabratella browningi ------------- 9, 22; pl. 5 

Glandulina in/lata --------------------- 24 

Page 

globata, Chilostomella ------- 8, 12, 16, 21; pl. 4 

Globigerina altispira ------------------ 20 

ampliapertura -------------- 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

apertura ----------------------- 17, 18, 19 

ciperoensis ------ 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

conglomerata ---- 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

dissimilis ----------------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl. 9 

druryi --------------------------- 18, 19 

eocaena ------------------ 4, 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

eximia _____________ -------------- 19 

falconensis --------------------- 17, 18, 19 

gortanii --------- 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

helicina -------------------- 18, 19; pl. 11 

hexagona ------------ 5, 6, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

obesa ----------------------- 18, 19; pl. 10 

officinalis ---------------- 4, 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

oligocaenica ---------------------- 19 

opima ------------------ 4, 5, 6, 17, 18, 19 

rubescens ------------------ 18, 19; pt 10 

sellii -------------------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl.;9 

venezuelana ----------------------- 19 

wilsoni --------------------------- 20 

yeguaensis ---------------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl. 9 

(Subbotina) eocaena -------------- 19 

Globigerinatella insueta ------- 17, 18, 19; pl. 11 

Globigerinella aequilateralis ------------ 18, 20 

Globigerinita glutinata ---------------- 18,20 

globosa, Globoquadrina altispira ____ 20; pl. 110 

Globigerinoides altiaperturus __ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

bisphericus -------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

bollii -------------------------- 17, 18, 20 

bulloideus ---------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

conglobatus -------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

diminutus --------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

mitra -------------------------- 17, 18, 20 

ruber ---------------------- 18, 20; pl. 11 

sacculifer ------------------- 18, 20; pl. 11 transitoria _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ 20 

transitorius -------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

triloba altiapertura --------------- 20 

trilobus ------------------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

immaturus ------------------- 3 

Globoquadrina altispira ____ 3, 17, 18, 20; pl. 10 

altispira globosa ------------ 18, 20; pl. 10 

dehiscens ------------------- 18, 20; pl. 10 

dehiscens advena ------------ 18, 20; pl. 10 

quadraria advena ----------------- 20 

sellii ----------------------------- 19 

Globorotalia acostaensis ------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

anfracta -------------------------- 18, 20 

archeomenardii ----------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

bolivariana --------------- 5, 6, 7, 20; pl. 9 

centralis ------------------------- 5, 7, 20 

dehiscens ------------------------- 20 

fohsi -------------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

fohsi lobata -------------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

mayeri ------------------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

menardii -------------.--- ___ ------ 17 

miozea ------------------ 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

obesa ----------------------------- 19 

opima opima ---------------------- 19 

globosa, Globoquadrina altispica __ 1~0; pl.10 

Globotruncana _ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 5 

globula, Gypsina ---------- 9, 10,11, 13, 15, 22 

glutinata, Globigerinita --------------- 18, 20 

gortanii, Catapsydra:x; ----------------- 19 

Globigerina ----- 5, 6, 7, 17, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

grandis, Lenticulina americana ___ 9, 23; pl. 2 

Robulus americanus --------------- 23 

granosa, Anomalina ----------- 8, 12, 21; pl. 7 

granosus, Anomalinoides -------------- 21 

grateloupi, Florilus ------------------- 14 

grenadana, Te:x;tularia ------------- 10, 11,24 

greymouthensis, Uvigerina __ 10, 11, 13, 14, 24; 

pl. 4 

Guttulina byramensis ----------------- 9, 22 

Gypsina globula ---------- 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 22 
Page 

Gyroidina altiformis ____ 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 22; 

pl. 5 

soldanii altiformis ---------------- 22 

vicksburgensis ------------ 9, 11, 22; pl. 5 

H 

hantkeni, Marginulina --------- 9, 12, 23; pl. 3 

Hanzawaia carstensi -------• 9, 10, 11, 22; pl. 5 

mantaensis ------------------ 9, 11, 13,22 

Haplaphragmoides coalingensis ------ 9, 13, 14, 

16,22 

havanensis, Cassidulina ------------- 8, 11, 21 

Uvigerina ------------------------ 25 

helicina, Globigerina ------------ 18, 19; pl. 11 H eterohelix ______________________ ----- 5 

hexagona, Globigerina ____ 5, 6, 18, 19; pl. 9, 10 

Hoeglundina elegans _____ 9, 12, 13, 16, 22; pl. 6 

Hopkinsina bortotara ----------------- 25 

horizontalis, Cassidulina subglobosa ____ 21 

hubbardi, Siphogenerina ___ 10, 15, 16, 24; pl. 4 

illingi, .Bulimina --------------------- 21 

immaturus, Globigerinoides trilobus ____ 3 

impendens, Bulimina ------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

imperatrix, Robertina ---------------- 24 

inflata, Glandulina -------------------- 24 

Pseudonodosaria ------------- 9, 11, 16, 24 

inornata, Pyrgo ----------------- 9, 12, 13, 24 

insueta, Globigerinatella ------ 17, 18, 19; pl. 11 

isidroensis, Bolivina ------------ 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

Textularia _____ --- ____ - __ ----- __ - _ 24 

italica, Saracenaria ------- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 3 

J 

jacksonensis, Dentalina ------------- 8, 11, 22 

Uvigerina --------------------- 10, 12,25 

jamaicensis, Angulogerina -------- 8, 21; pl. 4 

jarvisi, Plectofrondicularia ----- 9, 16, 23; pl. 3 

Juana Diaz Formation __ 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 14, 15, 16 

K 

Karreriella bradyi ------------------9,16,22 

disjuncta -------------- 9, 11, 14, 22; pl. 1 

mexicana --------------- 9, 11, 16, 23; pl. 1 

kochi, Sphaeroidinella -------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

kugleri, Textularia -------------------- 10, 24 

L 

Lagena striata ----------------------- 9, 23 

Lagenonodosaria acostaensis ___ 9, 16, 23; pl. 3 

lens, Elphidium __ 2, 7, 8,10, 11, 12, 13, 22; pl. 7 

Lenticulina alatolimbatus __ 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23 

americana ------------------------ 9, 23 

grandis ------------------- 9, 23; pl. 2 

brevispinosa, -------- 9, 12, 13, 15, 23; pl. 2 

budensis --------------- 9, 12,13, 23; pl. 2 

caroliniana ------------- 9, 11, 13, 23; pl. 2 

clericii ------------- 9, 11, 13, 16, 23; pl. 2 

convergens -------------- 9, 11, 13, 23; pl. 2 

melvilli --------------------- 9, 12, 16, 23 

orbicularis ---------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 2 

subpapillosa --------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 2 

terryi --------------- 9,·13, 14, 16, 23; pl. 2 

Leoni, Planulina --------- 9, 11, 14, 16, 23; pl. 8 

leuzingeri, Textularia ----- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 1 

libertadensis, Eponidella __ 9, 10, 12, 13, 22; pl. 5 

Liebusella byramensis ------ 9, 12, 16, 23; pl. 1 

limbata, Bolivina (Loxostomum) __ 8, 21; pl. 3 

limbatum, Loxostoma ----------------- 21 

Lingulina wilcoxensis ---------------- 9, 11,23 

lobata, Globorotalia fohsi ----- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

lobatulus, Cibicides ------------------ 8, 10, 21 

INDEX 

Page 

lobatum, Elphidium ----------------- 8, 10, 22 

Loxostoma limbatum ------------------ 21 

(Loxostomum) limbata, Bolivina __ 8, 21; pl. 3 

M 

macrostoma, Allomorphina -------- 8, 20; pl. 4 

mantaensis, Hanzawaia ---------- 9, 11, 13, 22 

Uvigerina ---------------- 10, 11, 25; pl. 4 

Marginopora vertebralis ---------- 9, 12, 13, 23 

marginospinata, Bulimina --------- 8, 21; pl. 3 

Marginulina glabra ------------ 9, 12, 23; pl. 3 

hantkeni ------------------ 9, 12, 23; pl. 3 

nuttalli --------------------------- 9, 23 

perprocera -------------------- 9, 23; pl. 3 

pseudohirsuta ---------- 9, 12, 15, 23; pl. 3 

marialana, Planulina ____ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 8 

marielcnsis, Cribropullenia ____ 8, 11, 12, 15, 22; 

pl. 7 

Nonion --------------------------- 22 

marielina, Cribrogloborotalia -------- 8, 11, 22 

Matanzia bermudezi ------------ 9, 12, 23; pl. 1 

mayeri, Globorotalia ---------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

Melonis pompilioides ____ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 7 

melvilli, Lenticulina -------------- 9, 12, 16, 23 Robulus _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

menardii, Globorotalia ---------------- 17 

mexicana, Ammospirata ____ 8, 11, 16, 20; pl. 1 

Karreriella ------------- 9, 11, 16, 23; pl. 1 

Pararotalia --------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 6 

Pavonina ------------------------- 20 

Planulina --------------9, 11, 15, 23; pl. 8 Rotalia ______________ ---- _______ - _ 23 

Siphogenerina --------- 10, 11, 16, 24; pl. 4 

Tritaxilina ------------ 10, 11, 15, 24; pl. 1 

Uvigerina ------------ 10, 11, 13, 25; pl. 4 

Vaginulina elegans --------------- 25 

Verneuilina ----------------------- 23 aliformis, Bolivina ____ 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 21; 

pl. 3 

mexicanum, Elphidium ----------- 8, 10, 12,22 

mexicanus, Cibicides __ 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 21; pl. 8 

Miliolids ------------------------------ 10, 14 

miozea, Globorotalia ------------ 17, 20; pl. 12 

mira, Discorbis ----------------------- 24 

Rotorbinella ------------------- 10, 13, 24 

mississippiensis. Anomalina ----------- 22 

Cibicidina ---------------------- 8, 11, 22 

Spiroplectammina -------- 10, 11, 24; pl. 1 

Textularia ______________ - _____ --- 24 

mitra, Globigerinoides -------------- 17, 18,20 

Modern faunas ------------------------ 14 

mucronata, Dentalina ---------------- 8, 22 

multicostata, Ellipsoglandulina ------ 8, 12, 22 

N 

Neoconorbina patelliformis ---------- 9, 10, 23 

Nodosarella decurta -------------------- 9, 23 

subnodosa -------------------- 9, 23; pl. 4 

Nodosaria raphanistrum ------ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23 

raphanistrum caribbeana ---------- 23 

Nonion marielensis -------------------- 22 

planatum ------------------- 9, 110, 11,23 

subgratcloupi --------------------- 22 

whitsettense ---------------------- 22 

Nonionella pulchella ----------- 9, 10, 23; pl. 7 

nuttalli, Marginulina ------------------ 9, 23 

Uvigerina ---------- 10, 11, 13, 16, 25; pl. 4 

Valvulineria ---------- 10, 11, 16, 25; pl. 5 

0 

obesa. Globigerina --------------- 18, 19; pl. 10 Globorotalia _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _____ _ __ __ 19 

obscura, Polystomella ----------------- 15 

81 

Page 

ojficinalis, Globigerina --------- 4, 5, 6, 19; pl. 9 

oligocaenica, Bolivina ---------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

Globigerina ----------------------- 19 

opima, Globigerina ---------- 4, 5, 6, 17, 18,19 

Globorotalia opima ---------------- 19 

opima, Globorotalia --------------- 19 

orbicularis, Lenticulina __ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 2 

Robulus _________ ---- ___ - _____ ---- 23 

Orbulina bilobata --------------------- 18, 20 

suturalis ------------- 17, 18, 19, 20; pl. 11 

universa ------------------- 17, 18, 19,20 

Oridorsalis umbonatus __ 9, 11, 13, 16, 23; pl. 6 

ornatissimus, Eponides --------------- 23 

Osangularia culter ------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 6 

oviformis, Chilostomelloides __ 8, 12, 16, 21; pl. 4 

p 

palmerae, Palmerinella ----------- 9, 12, 13, 23 

Palmerinella palmerae ----------- 9, 12, 13, 23 

panamensc, Elphidium ---------------- 22 

panamensis, Camerina -------- 8, 10, 12, 13, 21 

parantillarum, Eponides ___ 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 

22; pl. 6 

Pararotalia byramensis ---------- 9, 12, 13, 23 

mexicana ----------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 6 

patelliformis, Neoconorbina ---------- 9, 10, 23 

paucilocula, Valvulineria ----------- 10, 11, 25 

Pavonina mexicana ------------------- 20 

Peneroplids ----------------------------- 14 

Peneroplis proteus ------------ 9, 10, 12, 13,23 

pcrprocera, Marginulina ----------- 9, 23; pl. 3 

planatum, Now' --------------- 9, 10, 11, 23 

Planktonic a.;::;::;nolages -------------- 2, 4,19 

Planodiscorbis rarescens ---------- 9, 23; pl. 5 

Planularia protuberans ---------- 9, 12, 16,23 

torrei --------------------------- 9, 12, 23 

trinae ------------------ 9, 12, 16, 23; pl. 2 

venezuelana __ ---------- ___ ------- 23 

Planulina camagueyana -------- 9, 13, 23; pl. 5 

leoni ---------------- 9, 11, 14, 16, 23; pl. 8 

marialana ----------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pL 8 

mexicana -------------- 9, 11, 15, 23; pl. 8 

subtenuissima -------- 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23; 

pl. 8 

sp --------------------------- 9, 23; pl. 8 

Plectojrondicularia jarvisi ------ 9, 16, 23; pl. 3 

trinitatensis -------------------- 9, 12, 23 

yumuriana ------------- 9, 12, 16, 23; pl. 3 

Pleurostomella bierigi --------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 4 

elliptica ------------------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 4 

poeyanum, Elphidium ____ 8, 10, 12, 13, 22; pl. 7 

polita, Alabamina ----------------- 8, 20; pl. 6 

Polystomella obscura ----------------- 15 

pompilioides, Melonis ~--- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; pl. 7 

Ponce Limestone ---------------------2,7,12 

pontifera, Epistomaria ---------------- 22 

Epistomaroides ------------------- 9, 22 

pontoni, Virgulina -------------------- 10,25 

proteus, Peneroplis ----------- 9, 10, 12, 13,23 

protuberans, Planularia ----------9, 12, 16,23 

Robttlus -------------------------- 23 

Pseudoclavulina bullbrooki ------------ 9, 24 

sp --------------------------- 9, 24; pl. 1 

pseudohirsuta, Marginulina __ 9, 12, 15, 23; pl. 3 

Pseudonodosaria comatula ____ 9, 11, 13, 16, 24; 

p~. 3 

inflata ---------------------- 9, 11, 16, 24 

pseudoungerianus, Cibicides __ 8, 11, 12, 15, 21; 

pl. 8 

puertoricense, Elphidium ___ 8, 10, 13, 22; pl. 7 

pulchella, Nonionella ---------- 9, 10, 23; pl. 7 

Pullenia bulloides ------------------- 9, 12,24 

quinqueloba -------------------- 9, 12,24 

riveroi -------------------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 7 

pupa, Ehrenbergina --------------- 8, 22; pl. 4 

Pyrgo denticulata -------------------- 9, 24 

inornata ---------------------9, 12, 13, 24 
32 

Page 

Q 

quadraria advena, Globoquadrina 210 

Quadrimorphina aUomorphinoides __ 9, 24; pl. 4 

quinqueloba, Pullenia ---------------- 9, 12,24 

Quinqueloculina akneriana --------- 10, 12,24 

ermani ---------------------- 10, 24; pl. 1 

seminulum ------------------------ 10,24 

R 

raphanistrum, Nodosaria ------ 9, 11, 13, 15, 23 

caribbeana, Nodosaria ------------- 23 

rarescens, Discorbina ----------------- 23 

Planodiscorbis ----------------9, 23; pl. 5 

rhomboidalis, Bolivina ---------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 3 

riveroi, Pullenia -------------- 9, 11, 24; pl. 7 

Robertina declivis --------------- 10, 24; pl. 4 

imperatrix ------------------------ 24 

robertai, Bulimina -------------------- 24 

Turrilina -------------- 10, 12, 16, 24; p]. 3 

robertsonianus, Cibicides ------- 8, 11, 22; pl. 8 

Robulus alato-limbatus ---------------- 23 

americanus ----------------------- 28 

orandis ----------------------- 28 

arcuato-striatus carolinianus ------ 23 

brevispinosus --------------------- 23 

clericii --------------------------- 23 

converoens ----------------------- 23 melvilli ________ -- _ ----- _ --- _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

orbicularis ------------------------ 23 

protuberans ---------------------- 23 

terryi _____________ - _ ------ _ ------ 23 

Rosalina floridensis ----------- 10, 13, 24; pl. 5 

Rotalia byramensis -------------------- 23 

choctawensis ---------------------- 23 

mexicana _ -- _ ------------ ______ --- 23 

tholus _ -- _ -- ____ -- __ ------- _ __ __ _ _ 24 

Rotaliids ------------------------------ 14 

Rotalipora --------------------------- 5 

RotorbineUa mira ------------------ 10, 13, 24 

tholus ---------------------- 10, 12, 13, 24 

rotundata, Amphisteoina ------ 8, 10, 11, 13, 20 

ruber, Globigerinoides ----------- 18, 20; pl. 11 

rubescens, Globigerina ----------- 18, 19; pl. 10 

rugoplicata, Anoulogerina ----- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

s 

sacculifer, Globioerinoides -------- 18, 20; pl. 11 

sagra, Elphidium ---------------- 8, 10, 13, 22 

Saorina vicksburgensis ------- 110, 12, 24; pl. 3 

Saracenaria arcuata ------------------ 10, 24 

italica ---------------- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 3 

senni -------------------- 10, 16, 24; pl. 3 

saundersi, Cristellaria ----------------- 25 

sculptilis, Bulimina --------- 8, 11, 16, 21; pl. 3 

sculpturata, Valvulineria ---------- 10, 11,25 

sellii, Globigerina -------------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl. 9 

Globoquadrina -------------------- 19 

seminulina, Sphaeroidinella ------ 18, 20; pl. 12 

seminulum, Quinqueloculina ----------- 10, 24 

senni, Saracenaria ------------ 10, 16, 24; pl. 3 

Siomoilina tenuis --------- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 1 

simplex, Cassidulinoides ---------- 8, 21; pl. 4 

INDEX 

Page 

Siphogenerina hubbardi ____ 10, 15, 16, 24; pl. 4 

mexicana ------------- 10, 11, 16, 24; pl. 4 

Siphonina tenuicarinata __ 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 24; 

soldanii altiformis, Gyroidina ---------- Sphaeroidina _________________________ _ 

bulloides chilostomata -------------

pl. 5 

22 

25 

24 

chilostomata ---------------- 1'0, 11, 15, 24 

Sphaeroidinella lcochi --------- 17, 18, 20; pl. 12 

seminulina ------------------ 18, 20; pl. 12 

subdehiscens ------------------- 17, 18, 20 

Spiroloculina alveata ------ 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 1 

Spiroplectammina mississippiensis __ 10, 11, 24; 

p}.l 

squammosa, Cymbaloporetta ----------- 8, 22 

stainforthi, Vulvulina -------- 10, 13, 25; pl. 1 

Stilostomella caribaea --------- 10, 11, 24; pl. 3 

verneuili -------------- 10, 11, 15, 24; pl. 3 

Streblus beccarii ---------------------- 20 

beccarii tepida ------------------- 20 

striata, Lagena ----------------------- 9, 23 

(Subbotina) eocaena, Globigerina ----- 19 

subdehiscens, Sphaeroidinella -------- 17, 18,20 

subglobosa, Cassidulina -------- 8, 11, 21; pl. 4 

horizontalis, Cassidulina ---------- 21 

subgrateloupi, Florilus ------ 9, 10, 13, 22; pl. 7 

Nonion ___ ------------ __ ---------- 22 

subnodosa, Nodosarella ------------ 9, 23; pl. 4 

subpapillosa, Cristellaria --------------- 23 

Lenticulina -------------- 9, 11, 13, 15, 23; 

pl. 2 

subtenuissima, Planulina __ 9, 11, 12, 13, 15, 23; 

pl. 8 

suturalis, Orbulina -------- 17, 18, 19, 20; pl. 11 

T 

tecti/ormis, Bolivina ------- 8, 11, 14, 21; pl. 3 

tenuata, Bulimina exilis ---------- 8, 21; pl. 3 

tenuicarinata, Siphonina __ 110, 11, 12, 13, 15, 24; 

pl. 5 

tenuis, Sigmoilina --------- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 1 

tenuissima, Frondicularia ____ 9, 12, 16, 22; pl. 3 

tepida, Ammonia beccarii ----------- 8, 10,20 

Streblus beccarii ------------------ 20 

terryi, Lenticulina ------ 9, 13, 14, 16, 23; pl. 2 Robulus ________________ - __ -- _ -- _ _ 23 

Textularia bermudezi ---------- 10, 12, 24; pl. 1 

conica ----------------------10, 24; pl. 1 

grenadana --------------------- 10, 11, 24 

isidroensis __________ ------ ______ -- 24 

kugleri --------------------------- 10, 24 

leuzingeri ------------ 10, 12, 16, 24; p]. 1 

mississippiensis _____ -------------- 24 

yasicaensis ____________ ---- _ -- ___ - 10, 24 

TextularieUa barrettii -------------- 10, 16,24 

tholus, Rotalia -----------------------;--- 24 

Rotorbinella ---------------- 10, 12, 13, 24 

torrei, Planularia ------------------- 9, 12, 23 

tortuosa, Bolivina ------------------ 8, 11, 21 

transitoria, Globigerinoides ------------ 20 

transitorius, Globigerinoides -- 17, 18, 20; pl. 11 

·-triangularis, Clavulinoides --------8, 11, 16,22 

trigonula, Triloculina ----------------- 10,24 

Page 

triloba altiapertura, Globioerinoides ____ 20 

trilobus, Globigerinoides ------ 17, 18, 20; p]. 11 

immaturus, Globigerinoides -------- 3 

Triloculina trigonula ------------------ 10,24 

trinae, Planularia ----------9,12, 16, 23; pl. 2 

trinitatensis, Cibicides ------ 8, 11, 16, 22; pl. 8 

Gaudryina ---------------------- 9, 16, 22 

Plectofrondicularia ------------- 9, 12, 23 

Tritaxilina mexicana ------ 10, 11, 15, 24; pl. 1 

Turrilina robertsi --------- 10, 12, 16, 24; pl. 3 

u 

umbonatus, Eponides ----------------- 23 

Oridorsalis ---------- 9, 11, 13, 16, 23; pl. 6 

universa, Orbulina -------------- 17, 18, 19,20 

Uvigerina adelinensis ___ 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 24; 

pl. 4 

barbatula ------------------------ 10,24 

bortotara. costata ----------------- 24, 25 

cubana ____ --- _____ -- _ ----- ___ ._ _ __ 24 

elongata ___ -- __ ------------ ______ 10, 24 

greymouthensis ____ 10, 11, 13, 14, 24; pd. 4 

havanensis ----------------------- 25 

jaclcsonensis ------------------- 10, 12, 25 

mantaensis ----------~---- 10, 11, 25; p]. 4 

mexicana -------------- 10, 11, 13, 25; pl. 4 

nuttalli ------------ 10, 11, 13, 16, 25; pl. 4 

sp -------------------------- 10, 25; pl. 4 

v 

Vaginulina elegans mexicana 25 

Vaginulinopsis cumulicostata ____ 10, 13, 16, 25; 

pl. 3 

Valvulammina cornucopia -------- 10, 25; pl. 1 

Valvulinera nuttalli -------- 10, 11, 16, 25; pl. 5 

paucilocula -------------------- 10, 11,25 

sculpturata -------------------- 10, 11, 25 

variabilis, Cibicidella ------------------ 8, 21 

venezuelana, Globigerina -------------- 19 

Planula ria ------------------------ 23 

verneuili, Stilostomella ____ 10, 11, 15, 24; pl. 3 

Verneuilina mexicana ---------------- 23 

vertebralis, Marginopora -------- 9, 12, 13, 23 

vicksburgensis, Angulogerina --- 8, 11, :t5, 21; 

pl. 4 

Bitubulogenerina ------------------ 24 

Gyroidina ----------------- 9, 11, 22; pl. 5 

Sagrina· ------------------ 10, 12, 24; pl. 3 

Virgulina colei --------- 10, 11, 13, 15, 25; pl. 3 

pontoni ___ --- ______ ------- ____ --- 10, 25 

Vulvulina stainforthi --------- 10, 13, 25; pl. 1 

w 

whitsettense, Nonion ------------------ 22 

whitsettensis, Florilus ------ 9, 11, 12, 22; pl. 7 

wilcoxensis, Lingulina -------------- 9, 11, 23 

wilsoni, Globigerina ------------------ 20 

y 

yasicaensis, Textularia --------------- 10, 24 

yeguaensis, Globigerina ------- 5, 6, 7, 19; pl. 9 

yumuriana, Plecto/rondicularia __ 9, 12, 16, 23; 

pl. 3 
PLATES 1-12 

Contact photographs. of the plates in this report are available, at cost, from 

U.S. Geological Survey Library, Federal Center, Denver, Colorado 80225 
PLATE 1 

FIGURE 1. Textularia leuzingeri Cushman and Renz (p. 24). . 

USNM 688873, X 50; ·CPR-2, 3.760-3,770 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

2. Textularia aff. T. conica d'Orbigny (p. 24). 

USNM 688994, X 50; CPR-3, 4,020-4,030 ft. a, Side view; b, top view. 

3. Textularia bermudezi Cushman and Todd (p. 24). 

USNM 688850, X 50; CPR-2, 2,960-2,980 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

4. Spiroplectarnmina mississippiensis (Cushman) (p. 24). 

USNM 688854, X 40; CPR-2, 3,040-3,060 ft. 

5. Tritaxilina rnexicana Cushman (p. 24). 

USNM 688910, X 50; CPR-3, 1,900-1,920 ft. 

6. Valvulamrnina cornucopia Galloway and Heminway ( p. 25). 

USNM 688833, X 50; CPR-1, 3,520-3,530 ft. 

7, 8. Karreriella rnexicana (Nuttall) (p. 23). 

7. USNM 688856, X 50; CPR-2, 3,080-3,100 ft. 

8. USNM 688865, X 30; CPR-2, 3,280-3,300 ft. 

9. Karreriella disjuncta (Cushman and Jarvis) (p. 22). 

USNM 688977, X 25; CPR-3, 3,440-3,450 ft. 

10. Matanzia bermudezi Palmer (p. 23). 

USNM 688870, X 30; CPR-2, 3,660-3,670 ft. 

11. P3eudoclavulina sp. ( p. 24). 

USNM 688969, X 25; CPR-3, 3,160-3,180 ft. 

12. Liebusella byrarnensis (Cushman) ( p. 23). 

USNM 688877, X 25; CPR-2, 4,040-4,050 ft. 

13. Genus? related to Eggerella bradyi (Cushman) (p. 25). 

USNM 688967, X 50; CPR-3, 3,080-3,100 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. 

14. Quinqueloculina ermani Bornemann ( p. 24) . 

USNM 688849, X 50; CPR-2, 2,960-2,980 ft. 

15. Sigrnoilina tenuis (Czjzek) (p. 24). 

USNM 688993, X 50; CPR-3, 3,950-3,960 ft. 

16. Spiroloculina alveata Cushman and Todd ( p. 24) . 

USNM 688936, X 40; CPR-3, 2,340-2,360 ft. 

17, 18. A ·rchaias angulatus ( Fichtel and Moll) ( p. 21) . 

17. USNM 688869, X 30; CPR-2, 3,400-3,420 ft. 

18. USNM 688829, X 30; CPR-1, 1,300-1,310 ft. 

19. A rnrnospirata rnexicana (Cushman) ( p. 20) . 

USNM 688912, X 25; CPR-3, 1,940-1,960 ft. 

20, 21. V ulvulina stainfott·thi Cushman and Renz ( p. 25). 

20. USNM 688959, X 25; CPR-3, 2,820-2,840 ft. 

21. USNM 688887, X 50; CPR-2, 1,660-1,680 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 863 PLATE 1 

BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
FIGURE 1. 

2, 3. 

4. 

5. 

6, 9. 

7. 

8. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14, 15. 

PLATE 2 

[a, Side view; b, edge view, except as indicated] 

Lenticulina orbicularis (d'Orbigny) (p. 23). 

USNM 688861, X 30; CPR-2, 3,160-3,180 ft. 

Lenticulina convergens (Bornemann) (p. 23). 

2. USNM 688907, X 40; CPR-3, 1,900-1,920 ft. 

3. USNM 688963, X, 40; CPR-3, 3,000-3,020 ft. 

Lenticulina clericii ( Fornasini) ( p. 23). 

USNM 688898, X 50; CPR-3, 1, 780-1,800 ft. 

Lenticulina terryi (Coryell and Embich) (p. 23). 

USNM 688915, X 50; CPR-3, 1,940-1,960 ft. 

Lenticulina americana grandis (Cushman) (p. 23). 

6. USNM 688938, X 30; CPR-3, 2,380-2,400 ft. 

9. USNM 688866, X 30; CPR-2, 3,280-3,300 ft. 

Lenticulina brevispinosa (Nuttall) (p. 23). 

USNM 688:928, X 30; CPR-3, '·2,000-2,020 ft. 

Lenticulina caroliniana (Cushman) ( p. 23). 

USNM 688962, X 30; CPR-3, 3,000-3,020 ft. 

Lenticulina budensis (Hantken) (p. 23). 

USNM 688958, X 30; CPR-3, 2,820-2,840 ft. 

Lenticulina subpapillosa (Nuttall) ( p. 23). 

USNM 688929, X 30; CPR-3, 2,000-2,020 ft. 

Planularia trinae Bermudez (p. 23). 

USNM 688872, X 30; CPR-2, 3,680-3,690 ft. 

Ellipsocristellaria sp. (p. 22). 

USNM 688860, X 50; CPR-2, 3,140-3,160 ft. 

Entolingulina alazanensis (Nuttall) (p. 22). 

14. USNM 688862, X 30; CPR-2, 3,200-3,220 ft. 

15. USNM 688864, X 30; CPR-2, 3,280-3,300 ft. 

a, Side view; b, top view. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
PLATE 3 

FIGURE 1. Astacolus crepidulus (Fichtel and Moll) (p. 21). 

USNM 688991, X 50; CPR-3, 3,950-3,960 ft. 

2. M arginulina hantkeni Bandy ( p. 23). 

USNM 688875, X 50; CPR-2, 3,780-3,790 ft. 

3. Marginulina glabra d'Orbigny (p. 23). 

USNM 688899, X 50; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

a, Side view; b, edge view. 

4-6. Vaginulinopsis cumulicostata ( Giimbel) ( p. 25). 

4. USNM 688947, X 30; CPR-3, 2,600-

2,620 ft. 

5. USNM 688911, X 25; CPR-3, 1,900-1,920 ft. 

6. ,USNM 688956, X 25; CPR-3, 2,700-2,720 ft. 

7. Saracenaria senni Hedberg (p. 24). 

USNM 688946, X 50; CPR-3, 2,580-2,600 ft. 

a, Side view; b, edge view. 

8. Saracenaria italica Defrance ( p. 24) . 

USNM 688909, X 50; CPR-3, 1,900-1,920 ft. 

a, Side view; b, edge view. 

9. Marginulina perpsocera (Schwager) (p. 23). 

USNM 688867, X 50; CPR-2, 3,280-3,300 ft. 

10. Frondicularia tenuissima Hantken (p. 22). 

USNM 688855, X 50; CPR-2, 3,080-3,100 ft. 

11. Frondicularia cf. F. digitata d'Orbigny (p. 22). 

USNM 688852, X 50; CPR-2, 3,040_:_3,060 ft. 

12. Lagenonodosaria acostaensis Blow (p. 23). 

USNM 688858, X 50; CPR-2, 3,100-3,120 ft. 

13. Plectofrondicularia jarvisi Cushman and Todd 

(p. 23). 

USNM 688868, X 50; CPR-2, 3,380-3,400 ft. 

14. Plectofrondicularia yumuriana Palmer (p. 23). 

USNM 688857, X 50; CPR-2, 3,080-3,100 ft. 

15. Marginulina pseudohirsuta Nuttall (p. 23). 

USNM 688981, X 25, CPR-3, 3,640-3,650 ft. 

16. Stilostomella caribaea (Palmer and Bermudez) 

(p. 24). 

USNM 688942, X 25; CPR-3, 2,460-2,480 ft. 

17. Stilostomella verneuili (d'Orbigny) (p. 24). 

USNM 688996, X 25; CPR-3, 4,040-4,050 ft. 

18. Pseudonodosaria comatula (Cushman)' (p. 24). 

USNM 688940, X 50; CPR-3, 2,380-2,400 ft. 

FIGURE 19. Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata (Brady) 

(p. 21). 

USNM 688851, X 60; CPR-2, 3,040-3,060 ft. 

20. Bulimina affinis d'Orbigny (p. 21). 

USNM 688986, X 30; CPR-3, 3,840-3,850 ft. 

21. Turrilina robertsi (Howe and Ellis) (p. 24). 

USNM 688979, X 75; CPR-3, 3,550-3,560 ft. 

22. Bulimina exilis tenuata (Cushman) (p. 21). 

USNM 688884, X 60; CPR-2, 4,330-4,340 ft . 

23. Bulimina impendens Parker and Bermudez 

(p. 21). 

USNM 688990, X 50; CPR-3, 3,920-3,930 ft. 

24. Sagrina vicksburgensis (Howe) (p. 24). 

USNM 688859, X 75; CPR-2, 3,100-3,120 ft. 

25. Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett) (p. 21). 

USNM 688944, X 75; CPR-3 2,540-2,560 ft. 

26. Bolivina choctawensis Cushman and McGlamery 

(p. 21). 

USNM 688950, X 75; CPR-3, 2,640-2,660 ft. 

27. Bolivina oligocaenica Spandel (p. 21). 

USNM 688970, X 50; CPR-3, 3,220-3,240 ft. 

28. Bulimina sculptilis Cushman (p. 21). 

USNM 688960, X 50; CPR-3, 2,960-2,980 ft. 

29. Bulimina marginospinata Cushman and Parker 

(p. 21). 

USNM 688933, X 60; CPR-3, 2,340-2,360 ft. 

30,31. Virgulina colei Cushman (p. 25). 

30. USNM 688881, X 50; CPR-2, 4,070-4,080 

ft. 

31. USNM 688995, X 75; CPR-3, 4,020-4,030 

ft. 

32. Bolivina byramensis Cushman (p. 21). 

USNM 688874, X 50; CPR-2, 3,780-3,790 ft. 

33. Bolivina difformis (Williamson) (p. 21). 

USNM 688848, X 60; CPR-2, 2,830-2,840 ft. 

34. Bolivina tectiformis Cushman (p. 21). 

USNM 688951, X 50; CPR-3, 2,640-2,660 ft. 

35. Bolivina mexicana aliformis Cushman (p. 21). 

USNM 688932, X 25; CPR-3, 2,340-2,360 ft. 

36. Bolivina isidroensis Cushman and Renz (p. 21). 

USNM 688937, X 60; CPR-3, 2,380-2,400 ft. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 863 PLATE 3 

BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
FIGURE 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5. 

6, 7. 

8. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15, 20. 

16. 

17. 

18. 

19, 23. 

21. 

22. 

24. 

25. 

26. 

27. 

28. 

29. 

30. 

31. 

PLATE 4 

Uvigerina adelinensis (Palmer and Bermudez) (p. 24). 

USNM 688902, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Uvigerina greymouthensis Todd and Low, new name (j>. 24). 

USNM 688903, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Uvigerina sp. (p. 25). 

USNM 688941, X 30; CPR-3, 2,380-2,400 ft. 

Uvigerina nuttalli Cushman and Edwards (p. 25). 

USNM 688906, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Uvigerina mantaensis Cushman and Edwards (p. 25). 

USNM 688924, X 60; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

Uvigerina mexicana Nuttall (p. 25). 

6. USNM 688904, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

7. USNM 688905, X 50; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Allomorphina macrostoma Karrer (p. 20). 

USNM 688968, X 30; CPR-3, 3,120-3,140 ft. a, Side view; b, top view. 

Chilostomella globata Galloway and Heminway (p .. 21). 

USNM 688982, X 50; CPR-3, 3,680-3,690 ft. a, b, Views 90° apart. 

Angulogerina rugoplicata Cushman (p. 21). 

USNM 688882, X 75; CPR-2, 4,160-4,170 ft. 

A ngulogerina vicksburgensis Cushman ( p. 21). 

USNM 688883, X 60; CPR-2, 4,330-4,340 ft. 

A ngulogerina jamaicensis Cushman and Todd ( p. 21) . 

USNM 688949, X 60; CPR-3, 2,640-2,660 ft. 

Siphogenerina mexicana Cushman (p. 24). 

USNM 688935, X 60; CPR-3, 2,340-2,360 ft. 

Siphogenerina hubbardi Galloway and Hemin way ( p. 24) . 

USNM 688923, X 30; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

Cerobertina bartrumi Finlay ( p. 21). 

15. USNM 688919, X 50; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

20. USNM 688964, X 50; CPR-3, 3,040-3,060 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, view; c, edge view. 

Cassidulinoides simplex Cushman and Todd (p. 21). ' 

USNM 688983, X 50; CPR-3, 3,750-3,760 ft. 

Cassidulinoides bradyi (Norman) (p. 21). 

USNM 688957, X 60; CPR-3, 2,720-2,740 ft. 

Robertina declivis (Reuss) (p. 24). 

USNM 688985, X 50; CPR-3, 3,820-3,830 ft. 

Chilostomella cylindroides Reuss (p. 21). 

19. USNM 688971, X 25; CPR-3, 3,220-3,240 ft. a, Side view; b, top view. 

23. USNM 688839, X 25; CPR-1, 3,900-3,910 ft. 

Quadrimorphina allomorphinoides (Reuss) ( p. 24). 

USNM 688954, X 60; CPR-3, 2,660-2,680 ft. 

N odosarella subnodosa (Guppy) ( p. 23). 

USNM 688989, X 25; CPR-3, 3,870-3,880 ft. 

Gem to bulimina alazanensis Cushman and Harris ( p. 21). 

USNM 688918, X 50; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

Cassidulina carapitana Hedberg (p. 21). 

USNM 688837, X 60; CPR-1, 3,630-3,640 ft. 

Ehrenbergina bicornis Brady (p. 22). 

USNM 688976, X 50; CPR-3, 3,410-3.420 ft. 

Chilostomelloides oviformis (Sherborn and Chapman) (p. 21). 

USNM 688925, X 30; CPR-3, 2,000-2,020 ft. a, Side view; b, top view. 

Eh,renbergina? aff. E. pupa (d'Orbigny) (p. 22). 

USNM 688890, X 50; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Cassidulina subglobosa Brady (p. 21). 

USNM 688888, X 50; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Pleurostomella elliptica Galloway and Heminway (p. 24). 

USNM 688934, X 50; CPR-3, 2,340-2,360 ft. 

Pleurostomella bierigi Palmer and Bermudez (p. 24). 

USNM 688945, X 60; CPR-3, 2,580-2,600 ft. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
PLATE 5 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view, except as indicated] 

FIGURE 1. Eponidella libertadensis Cushman and Hedberg (p. 22). 

USNM 688871, X 60; CPR-2, 3,680-3,690 ft. 

2. "Planulina" camagueyana Bermudez (p. 23). 

USNM 688878, X 50; CPR-2, 4,040-4,050 ft. a, b, Opposite sides. 

3, 4. Rosalina fioridensis (Cushman) ( p. 24) . 

3. USNM 688835, X 30; CPR-1, 3,590-3,600 ft. Ventral view. 

4. USNM 688955, X 50; CPR-3, 2,660-2,680 ft. Dorsal view. 

5. Ammonia beccarii (Linne) (p. 20). 

USNM 688831, X 50; CPR-1, 3,500-3,510 ft. 

6. Glabratella aff. G. browningi Redmond (p. 22). 

USNM 688863, X 50; CPR-2, 3,220-3,240 ft. 

7. Baggina cojimarensis Palmer (p. 21). 

USNM 688842, X 60; CPR-1, 4,430-4,440 ft. 

8. Cancris auriculus (Fichtel and Moll) (p. 21). 

USNM 688987, X 50; CPR-3, 3,840-3,85·0 ft. 

9. Planodiscorbis rarescens (Brady) (p. 23). 

USNM 688988, X 50; CPR-3, 3,840-3,850 ft. 

10. Siphonina tenuicarinata Cushman (p. 24). 

USNM 688886, X 50; CPR-3, 1,660-1,680 ft. 

11. Valvulineria nuttalli Palmer and Bermudez (p. 25). 

USNM 688973, X '50; CPR-3, 3,280-3,300 ft. 

12. Hanzawaia carstensi (Cushman and Ellisor) (p. 22). 

USNM 688880, X 50; CPR-2, 4,070-4,080 ft. 

13. Gyroidina vicksburgensis (Cushman) (p. 22). 

USNM 688965, X 50; CPR-3, 3,040-3,060 ft. 

14. Gyroidina altiformis R. E. and K. C. Stewart (p. 22). 

USNM 688922, X 50; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
FIGURE 1. 

2. 

3. 

4. 

5·. 

6, 8. 

7. 

9. 

10. 

11. 

PLATE 6 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view] 

Hoeglundina elegans (d'Orbigny) (p. 22). 

USNM 688853, X 30; CPR-2, 3,040-3,060 ft. 

Pararotalia mexicana (Nuttall) (p. 23). 

USNM 688900, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Osangularia culter (Parker and Jones) (p. 23). 

USNM 688!172, X 30; CPR-3, 3,240-3,260 ft. 

A mphistegina angulata (Cushman) ( p. 20) . 

USNM 688830, X 30; CPR-1, 3,090~3,100 ft. 

Eponides parantillarum Galloway and Heminway (p. 22). 

USNM 688930, X 30; CPR-3; 2,040-2,060 ft. 

Amphistegina fioridana Cushman and Ponton (p. 20). 

6. USNM 688845, X 30; CPR-2, 2,510-2,520 ft. 

8. USNM 688843, X 30; CPR-2, 1,200-1,210 ft. 

Eponides ellisorae Garrett (p. 22). 

USNM 688876, X 30; CPR-2, 3,820-3,830 ft. 

Alabamina polita Becker and Dusenbury (p. 20). 

USNM 688948, X 60; CPR-3, 2,640-2,660 ft. 

Oridorsalis umbonatus (Reuss) (p. 23). 

USNM 688978, X 50; CPR-3, 3,500-3,510 ft. 

A mphistegina? sp. ( p. 20). 

USNM 688846, X 50; CPR-2, 2,810-2,820 ft. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
PLATE 7 

FIGURE 1. "Pullenia" riveroi Bermudez (p. 24). 

USNM 688834, X 50; CPR-1, 3,550-3,560 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

2. Nonionella pulchella Hada (p. 23). 

USNM 688836, X 50; CPR-1, 3,600-3,610 ft. 

3. Florilus subgrateloupi (Galloway and Heminway) (p. 22). 

USNM 688838, X 50; CPR-1, 3,630-3,640 ft. 

4. Florilus whitsettensis (Cushman and Applin) (p. 22). 

USNM 688844, X 40; CPR-2, 1,410-1,420 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

5. Cribropullenia marielensis (Palmer) ( p. 22) . 

USNM 688841, X 60; CPR-1, 4,220-4,230 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

6. E lphidium poeyanum ( d'Orbigny) ( p. 22). 

USNM 688840, X 50; CPR-1, 4,200-4,210 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

7. Elphidium puertoricense Galloway and Heminway (p. 22). 

USNM 688832, X 50; CPR-1, 3,500-3,510 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

8, 9. Melonis pompilioides (Fichtel and Moll) (p. 23). 

8. USNM 688916, X 50; CPR-3, 1,940-1,960 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

9. USNM 688939, X 50; CPR-3, 2,380-2,400 ft. 

10. Elphidium lens Galloway and Heminway (p. 22). 

USNM 688885, X 30; CPR-3, 900-910 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

11. Anomalina granosa (Hantken) (p. 21). 

USNM 688917, X 30; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. 

12. Cibicidina sp. ( p. 22) . 

USNM 688961, X 50; CPR-3, 3,000-3,020 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. 

13. Anomalina alazanensis Nuttall (p. 21). 

USNM 688913, X 50; CPR-3, 1,940-1,960 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. 

14. A nomalina cocoaensis Cushman ( p. 21) . 

USNM 688974, X 50; CPR-3, 3,410-3,420 ft. a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WE.LLS 
FIGURE 

PLATE 8 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view] 

1. Cibicides floridanus (Cushman) (p. 21). 

USNM 688926, X 50; CPR-3, 2,000-2,020 ft. 

2. Cibicides robertsonianus (Brady) ( p. 22) . 

USNM 688952, X 60; CPR-3, 2,660-2,680 ft. 

3. Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman) (p. 21). 

USNM 688847, X 50; CPR-2, 2,810-2,820 ft. 

4. Cibicides mexicanus Nuttall (p. 21). 

USNM 688927, X 40; CPR-3, 2,000-2,020 ft. 

5. Cibicides trinitatensis (Nuttall) (p. 22). 

USNM 688889, X 40; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

6. Planulina leoni Bermudez (p. 23). 

USNM 688975, X 50; CPR-3, 3,410-3,420 ft. 

7. Planulina subtenuissima (Nuttall) (p. 23). 

USNM 688931, X 30; CPR-3, 2,080-2,100 ft. 

8. Planulina mexicana Cushman (p. 23). 

USNM 688908, X 50; CPR-3, 1,900-1,9,20 ft. 

9. Planulina marialana Hadley (p. 23). 

USNM 6e8901, X 30; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

10. Planulina sp. (p .. 23). 

USNM 688992, X 40; CPR-3, 3,950-3,960 ft. 
BENTHONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
FIGURE 1. 

2. 

3,4. 

5. 

6. 

7, 12. 

8, 9. 

10. 

11. 

13, 16. 

14, 15. 

PLATE 9 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view, except as indicated. All figures X 50 I 

Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli (p. 19). 

USNM 688980; CPR-3, 3,620-3,630 ft. 

Globigerina officinalis Subbotina (p. 19). 

USNM 688897; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Globigerina hexagona Natland (p. 19). 

3. USNM 688895; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

4. USNM 688896; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

Globigerina ampliapertura Bolli (p. 19). 

USNM 688879; CPR-2, 4,070-4,080 ft. 

Globorotalia bolivariana (Petters) (p. 20). 

USNM 688984; CPR-3, 3,820-3,830 ft. a, Side view; b, edge view. 

Globigerina sellii (Borsetti) (p. 19). 

7. USNM 688966; CPR-3, 3,080-3,100 ft. 

12. USNM 688943; CPR-3, 2,480-2,500 ft. 

Globigerina dissimilis Cushman and Bermudez ( p. 19). 

8. USNM 688892; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

9. USNM 688914; CPR-3, 1,940-1,960 ft. 

Globigerina . yeguaensis Weinzierl ·and Applin ( p. 19). 

USNM 688953; CPR-3, 2,660-2,680 ft. 

Globigerina eocaena GUmbel (p. 19). 

USNM 688921; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

Globigerina conglomerata Schwager (p. 19). 

13. USNM 688891; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

16. USNM 688920; CPR-3, 1,980-2,000 ft. 

Globigerina gortanii (Borsetti) (p. 19). 

14. USNM 688894; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 

15. USNM 688893; CPR-3, 1,780-1,800 ft. 
PLANKTONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM PUERTO RICO TEST WELLS 
PLATE 10 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. All are from test well No. 1, except as indicated; depths are approximate] 

FIGURES 1, 4. Globigerina hexagona Natland (p. 19). 

1. USNM 688819, X 50; sample F3552 (1,190 ft). 

4. USNM 688827, X 50; test well No.2, ·sample F3564 (100ft). 

2. Globigerina rubescens Hofker (p. 19). 

USNM 688791, X 65; sample F3527 (30ft). 

3. Globigerina obesa (Bolli) (p. 19). 

USNM 688800, X 65; sample F3528 (70ft). 

5. Globigerina gortanii (Borsetti) (p. 19). 

USNM 688818, X 65; sample F3548 (1,080 ft). 

~8. Globoquadrina altispira (Cushman and Jarvis) (p. 20). 

6. USNM 688815, X 50; sample F3546 (960ft). 

7. USNM 688801, X 50; sample F3528 (70ft). 

8. USNM 688823, X 50; sample F35·58 (1,390 ft). 

9, 11. Globoquadrina dehiscens (Chapman, Parr, and Collins) (p. 20). 

9. USNM 688808, X 50; sample F3534 (370ft). 

11. USNM 688822, X 50; sample F3553 (1,200 ft). 

10. Globoquadrina altispira globosa Bolli (p. 20). 

USNM 688824, X 50; sample F3558 (1,390 ft). 

12. Globigerina ciperoensis Bolli (p. 19). 

USNM 688817, X 65; sample F3548 (1,080 ft). 

1'3. Globoquadrina dehiscens advena Bermudez (p. 20). 

USNM 688802, X 50; sample F3528 (70ft). 

14. Globigerina conglomerata Schwager (p. 19). 

USNM 688803, X 50; sample F3529 (100ft). 
PLANKTONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS 
FIGURES 

PLATE 11 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view, except as indicated. All are from test well no. 1; depths are approximate] 

1, 2. 

3. 

4, 6. 

5. 

7. 

8. 

9, 10. 

11. 

12. 

13. 

14. 

15. 

Globigerinoides bulloideus Crescenti (p. 20). 

1. USNM 688816, X 65; sample F3547 (1,010 ft). 

2. USNM 688793, X 50; sample F3527 (30ft). 

Globigerinoides altiaperturus Bolli (p. 20). 

USNM 68879·2, X 65; sample F3527 (30 ft). 

Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny) (p. 20). 

4. USNM 688807, X 50; sample F3534 (370ft). 

6. USNM 688812, X 50; sample F3538 (570ft). 

Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss) (p. 20). 

USNM 688794, X 50; sample F3527 (30 ft). 

Globigerinoides transitorius Blow (p. 20). 

USNM 688813, X 50; sample F3545 (910ft). 

Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady) (p. 20). 

USNM 688804, X 50; sample F35-29 (100ft.) 

Globigerinoides bisphericus Todd (p. 20). 

9. USNM 688821, X 50; sample F35·53 ( 1,200 ft). 

10. USNM 688814, X 50; sample F3546 (960 ft). 

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady) (p. 20). 

USNM 688825, X 50; sample F3560 (1,450 ft). 

Orbulina suturalis Bronnimann (p. 20). 

USNM 688826, X 50; sample F3560 (1,450 ft). 

Globigerinatella insueta Cushman and Stainforth (p. 19). 

USNM 688810, X 50; sample F3537 ( 510 ft). 

Globigerinoides diminutus Bolli (p. 20). 

USNM 688820, X 65; sample F3552 (1,190 ft). 

Globigerina helicina d'Orbigny (p. 19). 

USNM 688790, X 65; sample F3527 (30ft). a, b, Opposite sides. 
PLANKTONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS 
FIGURES 

PLATE 12 

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view. All are from test well No. 1, except as indicated; depths are approximate] 

1, 2. Globorotalia acostaensis Blow (p. 20). 

1. USNM 688811, X 65; sample F3537 (510ft). 

2. USNM 688828, X 65; test well No.2, sample F3564 (100ft). 

3. Globorotalia mayeri Cushman and Ellisor (p. 20). 

USNM 688805, X 50; sample F3529 (100ft). 

4. Globorotalia fohsi Cushman and Ellisor (p. 20). 

USNM 688806, X 50; ~.ample F3532 (280ft). 

5. Globorotalia archeomenardii Bolli (p. 20). 

USNM 688809, X 50; sample F3534 (370ft). 

6. Globorotalia fohsi lobata Bermudez (p. 20). 

USNM 688795, X50; sample F3527 (30ft.) 

7, 9. Sphaeroidinella seminulina (Schwager) (p. 20). 

7. USNM 688799, X 50; sample F3527 (30ft). 

9. USNM 688798, X 50; sample F3527 (30ft). 

8. Globorotatia · miozea Finlay (p. 20) . 

USNM 688796, X 50; sample F3527 (30ft). 

10. Sphaeroidinella kochi (Caudri) (p. 20). 

USNM 688797, X 50; sample F3527 (30ft). 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 863 PLATE 12 

PLANKTONIC SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM ST. CROIX, VIRGIN ISLANDS