UNITED
STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549



Form
10-K/A

Amendment
No. 1



|(Mark
        One)
        ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13
        OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
        For the fiscal year ended December 31,
        2015                
|---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|                             |                                                                                                                                                                          
|☐                            | TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTION
        13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
        For the transition period from                     
        to



Commission File Number: 333-178082



XENETIC
BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified
in its charter)



|                                                                                      |                                                             
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------
|Nevada
        (State or other jurisdiction of
        incorporation or organization) | 45-2952962
        (IRS Employer
        Identification No.)



99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230

Lexington, Massachusetts 02421

(Address of principal executive offices
and zip code)

781-778-7720

(Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)



|Title of Each Class
        None | Name of Each Exchange
        on Which Registered
        None
|-------------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b)
of the Act:

None

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)
of the Act:

None




Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act:    Yes ̈Nox

Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:    Yes ̈Nox

Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports),
and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days):    YesxNo ̈

Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files):    YesxNo ̈

Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained
herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated
by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K:    YesxNo ̈

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant
is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions
of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2
of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



|Large accelerated filer                       |  ̈ | Accelerated
filer         |  ̈ | 
|--------------------------------------------- | - | ------------------------- | - | 
|Non-accelerated filer                         |  ̈ | Smaller reporting
company | x | 
|(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |   |                           |   | 



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2):    Yes ̈Nox

The approximate aggregate market value
of voting common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant, based upon the last sale price of the registrant’s common
stock on the last business day of the registrant’s most recently completed second fiscal quarter June 30, 2015 (based
upon the shares of common stock at the closing sale price of the registrant’s common stock listed as reported on the OTC
Bulletin Board), was approximately $9,500,000.



As of April 29, 2016 the number of
outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock was 297,790,240.



DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

None.












EXPLANATORY NOTE



The Registrant is filing this Amendment
No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (“Form 10-K/A”) to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2015 (“Form 10-K”) to include all of the Part III information required by applicable rules and regulations of the
Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). Accordingly, the Registrant hereby amends and replaces in their entirety
Items 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14 in the Form 10-K.



On April 28, 2016, the Company
issued 145,810,156 new shares of its common stock in connection with the conversion of all convertible promissory notes
issued in 2015 and 2016 as well as shares issue pursuant to final closing of an asset purchase agreement, both with PJSC
Pharmsynthez (f/k/a OJSC Pharmsynthez) (“Pharmsynthez”) as follows:



| | · | 45,310,156
                                         shares of common stock for the conversion of notes held by Pharmsynthez including the
                                         associated interest. Refer to Note 8 Hybrid Debt Instrument and Note 16 Subsequent Events
                                         in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Form 10-K
| | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | · | 100,500,000
shares of common stock in consideration for closing of the Company’s purchase of certain intellectual property rights from
Pharmsynthez. Refer to Note 3 Acquisitions in Part II, Item 8 Financial Statements and Supplementary Data of Form 10-K
| | - | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Issuance of the 145,810,156 shares
described above are reflected accordingly in this Form 10-K/A.



Except as described above, there have
been no other changes to the Annual Report filed on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on March 30, 2016. This Form 10-K/A does not
purport to reflect any information or events subsequent to the filing thereof. As such, this Form 10-K/A speaks only as of the
date the Form 10-K was filed, and the Registrant has not undertaken herein to amend, supplement or update any information contained
in the Form 10-K to give effect to any subsequent events. Accordingly, this Form 10-K/A should be read in conjunction with the
Form 10-K.













1






PART
III



ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE
OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE



Directors and Executive Officers



Set forth below
is the name, age, position and brief account of the business experience of each of our executive officers and directors as of
April 29, 2016. Each of our directors will hold office until our next annual meeting of shareholders or until his or her successor
has been duly elected and qualified.



|                         |     |                                                
|------------------------ | --- | -----------------------------------------------
|Name                     | Age | Position                                       
|Michael Scott Maguire    | 52  | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin        | 47  | Director                                       
|Firdaus Jal Dastoor, FCS | 63  | Director (1), (2)                              
|Darlene Deptula-Hicks    | 58  | Director (1), (2), (3)                         
|Roman Knyazev            | 35  | Director (3)                                   
|Dr. Roger Kornberg       | 68  | Director                                       



| | (1) | Member of the Audit Committee
                                         of the Board of Directors
| | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (2) | Member of the Compensation Committee
                                         of the Board of Directors
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (3) | Member of the Nominating and
                                         Corporate Governance Committee of the Board
| | --- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Michael Scott
Maguire



Mr. Maguire has
been President, Chief Executive Officer and Director of the Company since his appointment in 2004. His background is in life science
and healthcare investment banking and he has advised many US and European companies on capital raisings and commercial development
over his 26 year career. Mr. Maguire began his banking career with Merrill Lynch in 1987 in New York, and after receiving
his MBA from the Babson Graduate School in 1993, he joined the healthcare division of W.R. Grace National Medical Care (“NMC”)
where he helped develop the international healthcare division. During his time in charge of international business development,
he helped double NMC’s international revenues through Mergers and Acquisitions. In 1996 he co-founded the Arthur Andersen
global healthcare corporate finance practice based in London, a practice that he built to include a staff of 36 across the US and
Europe, elevating to the role of managing director. Mr. Maguire is currently a director of Healthcare Capital Partners Limited,
a healthcare corporate finance and proprietary investment boutique he co-founded in 2002 and a non-executive director of Renal
Services (UK) Limited, a company focused on dialysis service provision in the U.K. Based on Mr. Maguire’s experience
within the biotechnology sector and his executive experience, specifically his experience as an executive officer at other companies,
as well as his service on other boards of directors, the Board believes Mr. Maguire has the appropriate set of skills to serve
as a member of our Board.



Dr. Dmitry Genkin



Dr. Genkin was appointed
as a Director of the Company in September 2015. Dr. Genkin has the Russian equivalent of an MD in Internal Therapy and studied
drug delivery under Professor Gregoriadis at The School of Pharmacy, University of London in 1992 and the Department of Clinical
Pharmacology at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm from 1992 until 1993. Since 1993, Dr. Genkin has headed a number of Russia's largest
pharmaceutical companies including Pharmavit, which had 27% of the Russian pharmaceutical market. In 1998, he was awarded the silver
medal by the Russian Natural Science Academy. Dr. Genkin is currently a partner and director of FDS Pharma and Chairman of Pharmsynthez,
which is listed on the Moscow stock exchange. Based on Dr. Genkin’s experience in the field of life sciences and biotechnology,
the Board believes Dr. Genkin has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.





2






Firdaus Jal
Dastoor, FCS



Mr. Dastoor was
appointed as a Director of the Company in January 2014 pursuant to terms included in the Company’s acquisition of Xenetic
UK. Mr. Dastoor was appointed non-executive Director of Xenetic UK in July 2007. He has been a Fellow Member of The Institute
of Company Secretaries of India since 2008 and began his career as a company secretary. He was Company Secretary of the Poonawalla
Group until 1994. He then took on assignments involved in business development strategies and operations. Mr. Dastoor is on
the board of several companies operating in the field of engineering products, life sciences and biotech, international trade,
financial services and quality standards certifications. Currently, he is a Group Director of the Poonawalla Group of Companies
in charge of Finance and Corporate Affairs. Based on Mr. Dastoor’s experience in the field of life sciences and biotechnology,
finance and business development, the Board believes Mr. Dastoor has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of
our Board.



Darlene Deptula-Hicks



Ms. Deptula-Hicks
was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company in April 2014. Ms. Deptula-Hicks is a strategic senior financial executive
with extensive experience in both public and private companies, including experience in fund raising, mergers and acquisitions,
public and private offerings and with operational management focused in life sciences. Since September 2015, Ms. Deptula-Hicks
is the Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (NASDAQ:PIRS).  In November 2014,
Ms. Deptula-Hicks was engaged as a financial consultant at Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Inc. pursuant to a consulting agreement with
the financial advisory firm of Danforth Advisors, LLC.   Prior to that and since June 2012, Ms. Deptula-Hicks served
as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Microline Surgical, Inc. From 2006 to 2011, Ms. Deptula-Hicks was
the Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary of ICAD, Inc.  She received her Bachelor of
Science in Accounting from Southern New Hampshire University and her MBA from Rivier College. Based upon her extensive financial
experience including experience in fund raising, mergers, public companies and life sciences, the Board believes Ms. Deptula-Hicks
has the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.



Roman
Knyazev



Mr. Knyazev was appointed
to the Board of Directors of the Company in April 2014.  Mr. Knyazev has been an Investment director for Rusnano Moscow since
2009 and is currently on the board of several biotechnology companies. In his current role, he provides technical expertise, asset
valuation, financial modelling and business valuation as well as develops and presents investment strategies and project financing
to clients. In 2003, he began his career as the Chief Financial Officer of Biotech Pharma Moscow where he gained experience in
both the financial and management sector. Mr. Knyazev led the development and implementation of management accounting and budgeting
processes as well as facilitated internal audits of regional branches. Mr. Knyazev is a Kauffman Fellow, Class 17, which is a Silicon
Valley-based two year leadership program for venture capitalists and innovators of all kinds. Based on Mr. Knyazev’s
experience in clinical stage biotechnology companies, the Board believes Mr. Knyazev has the appropriate set of skills to
serve as a member of our Board.



Dr.
Roger Kornberg



Dr. Kornberg was appointed
to the Board of Directors of the Company in February 2016. Dr. Kornberg is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and
the Winzer Professor of Medicine in the Department of Structural Biology at Stanford University. He earned his bachelor's degree
in chemistry from Harvard University in 1967 and his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Stanford in 1972. He became a postdoctoral
fellow at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England and then an assistant professor of biological chemistry at
Harvard Medical School in 1976, before moving to his present position as professor of structural biology at Stanford Medical School
in 1978. In 2006, Dr. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition for his studies of the molecular basis of
Eukaryotic Transcription, the process by which DNA is copied to RNA. Dr. Kornberg is also the recipient of several awards,
including the 2001 Welch Prize, the highest award granted in the field of chemistry in the United States, and the 2002 Leopald
Mayer Prize, the highest award granted in the field of biomedical sciences from the French Academy of Sciences. Based on Dr. Kornberg’s
experience in the field of molecular biology, the Board believes Dr. Kornberg has the appropriate set of skills to serve as
a member of our Board.





3






Board of Directors’ Role in
Risk Oversight



Our Board of Directors
is responsible for consideration and oversight of risks facing the Company, and is responsible for ensuring that material risks
are identified and managed appropriately, including the evaluation of risk assessment and the Company’s risk management
policies. In fulfilling this role, the Board of Directors receives reports directly from the Company’s management. In addition,
the Board of Directors reviews areas of material risk to the Company, including operational, financial, legal, regulatory and
strategic risks. The Board of Directors also considers the risks associated with our compensation policies and practices, oversees
risks associated with our governance structure and processes and annually reviews our organizational documents and other policies.
The Board of Directors also considers specific risk topics in connection with strategic planning and other matters.



The Board of Directors



The Board of Directors
held six meetings during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. During the 2015 fiscal year, all Board members attended
at least 75% of the total number of Board meetings held during the period he or she was a director. Currently, the Board consists
of six members: Michael Scott Maguire, Dr. Dmitry Genkin, Firdaus Jal Dastoor, Darlene Deptula-Hicks, Roman Knyazev and Dr. Roger
Kornberg. On April 16, 2015, Mark Leuchtenberger, who was the former Chairman of the Board, resigned from the Board of Directors.
The Chairman of the Board position remains vacant at the time of filing this Amendment No. 1 on SEC Form 10-K/A. Please refer
to SEC Form 8-K filed on April 21, 2015 for additional information regarding Mr. Leuchtenberger’s resignation from the Board
of Directors. Members shall hold office until their successors have been duly elected and qualified. Vacancies on the Board of
Directors resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal, or other causes can be filled by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the directors then in office. Any director so elected, shall hold office for the remainder of the full term of
the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s successor shall have been duly elected
and qualified.



Committees of the Board



By unanimous vote,
on August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors has designated three standing committees: the Audit Committee, the Compensation Committee
and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and it adopted charters to govern the conduct, authority and responsibilities
of each of these committees. Copies of the current committee charters are available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM.



Audit Committee



The Audit Committee
is responsible for making recommendations to the Board of Directors concerning the selection and engagement of independent accountants
and for reviewing the scope of the annual audit, audit fees, results of the audit and auditor independence. The Audit Committee
also reviews and discusses with management and the Board of Directors such matters as accounting policies, internal accounting
controls and procedures for preparation of financial statements. Its membership is currently comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks (Chairperson)
and Mr. Dastoor. The Board of Directors determined that Ms. Deptula-Hicks, the Chairperson of the Audit Committee, is an “audit
committee financial expert” within the meaning of applicable regulations adopted by the SEC.



The Audit Committee
held four meetings during 2015. Prior to the formation of the Audit Committee, the Board of Directors as a whole performed the
equivalent function. On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Audit Committee Charter, which provides
that the Audit Committee shall consist of at least three members. The resignation of former Director and Audit Committee member,
Mr. Leuchtenberger, on April 16, 2015 created a vacancy on the Audit Committee that has not been filled as of April 29, 2016.
Any vacancy occurring on the Audit Committee may be filled only by the Board of Directors. A copy of the current Audit Committee
Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM. The adequacy of the Audit Committee Charter shall be
reassessed annually.



Compensation Committee



The Compensation
Committee is responsible for discharging the Board of Director’s responsibilities relating to the compensation of the directors
and executives, and overseeing the Company’s overall compensation structure, policies and programs. Its membership is currently
comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks and Mr. Dastoor. The Compensation Committee held two meetings during 2015. Prior to the formation
of the Compensation Committee, the Board of Directors as a whole performed the equivalent function. On August 19, 2014, the Board
of Directors adopted the Company’s Compensation Committee Charter, which provides that it shall consist of no fewer than
two members. A copy of the current Compensation Committee Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM.
The adequacy of the Compensation Committee Charter shall be reassessed annually.





4






Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee



The Nominating
and Corporate Governance Committee is responsible for identifying individuals qualified to become board members, consistent with
criteria approved by the Board of Directors, and recommending that the Board of Directors select the director nominees for election
at each annual meeting of stockholders. In addition, this committee is also responsible for developing and recommending to the
Board of Directors a set of corporate governance guidelines applicable to the Company, periodically reviewing such guidelines
and recommending any changes thereto, and overseeing the evaluation of the Board of Directors and management. Its membership is
currently comprised of Ms. Deptula-Hicks and Mr. Knyazev. The Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee held one meeting during
2015. On August 19, 2014, the Board of Directors adopted the Company’s Nomination and Corporate Governance Committee Charter,
which provides that it shall consist of no fewer than two members. A copy of the current Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee
Charter is available on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM. The adequacy of the Compensation Committee Charter shall
be reassessed annually.



Code of Business Conduct and Ethics



On August 19,
2014, the Board of Directors adopted a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics which applies to all employees, including our chief
executive office (who is also our principal executive officer and our principal financial officer). A copy of the current Code
of Ethics, which is filed as Exhibit 14 to the Amendment No. 1 to the Annual Report on Form 10-K filed April 30, 2015, is available
on the Company’s website, WWW.XENETICBIO.COM.





ITEM 11 – EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION



This item sets
forth the compensation information for Michael Scott Maguire, our Chief Executive Officer, Colin W. Hill, former Chief Financial
Officer and current Director of Lipoxen Technologies Limited, Gregory Gregoriadis, former Chief Scientific Officer of our wholly
owned subsidiary, Lipoxen Technologies Limited and Dr. Henry Hoppe IV, Vice President of Drug Development. (each is a “named
executive officer” and collectively the “named executive officers” or “most highly compensated employees”).



Summary Compensation Table



Our compensation
programs for our executives have historically consisted primarily of a combination of a competitive base salary, cash bonus combined
with equity incentive awards.



The following
table sets forth information concerning the compensation of our named executive officers and each of our most highly compensated
employees for the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014:



|Name and Principal Position        |  |  | Year |  |  |   | Salary
                                         ($) |     |  |   | Bonus
                                         ($) |  |  |   | StockAwards ($) |  |  |   | Option/JSOPAwards ($)(1) |  |  |   | Non-
                                         EquityIncentive PlanCompensation($) |  |  |   | All
                                         OtherCompensation($) |  |  |   | Total($)  | 
|---------------------------------- |  |  | ---- |  |  | - | --------------------------------------------------- | --- |  | - | -------------------------------------------------- |  |  | - | --------------- |  |  | - | ------------------------ |  |  | - | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | - | --------- | 
|Michael Scott Maguire              |  |  | 2015 |  |  | $ | 505,735                                             | (2) |  | $ | –                                                  |  |  | $ | –               |  |  | $ | 1,984,500                |  |  | $ | –                                                                                 |  |  | $ | 60,688                                                            |  |  | $ | 2,550,923 | 
|Chief Executive Officer            |  |  | 2014 |  |  |   | 543,840                                             |     |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 65,261                                                            |  |  |   | 609,101   | 
|Colin W. Hill                      |  |  | 2015 |  |  |   | 148,473                                             | (3) |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 328,121                                                           |  |  |   | 476,594   | 
|(former) Chief Financial Officer   |  |  | 2014 |  |  |   | 253,133                                             |     |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 30,376                                                            |  |  |   | 283,509   | 
|Gregory Gregoriadis                |  |  | 2015 |  |  |   | 10,990                                              | (4) |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 8,185                                                             |  |  |   | 19,175    | 
|(former) Chief Scientific Officer  |  |  | 2014 |  |  |   | 143,790                                             |     |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | –                                                                 |  |  |   | 143,790   | 
|Dr. Henry Hoppe IV                 |  |  | 2015 |  |  |   | 195,833                                             |     |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | 283,500                  |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 9,792                                                             |  |  |   | 489,125   | 
|Vice President of Drug Development |  |  | 2014 |  |  |   | 200,000                                             |     |  |   | –                                                  |  |  |   | –               |  |  |   | –                        |  |  |   | –                                                                                 |  |  |   | 15,833                                                            |  |  |   | 215,833   | 



| | (1) | The amounts represent the
                                         aggregate grant date fair value of stock options, including Joint Stock Ownership Plan
                                         (“JSOP”) awards, granted during each fiscal year. The valuation of stock
                                         options is based on the assumptions and methodology set forth in Note 12 to our audited
                                         consolidated financial statements included in Part 8.
| | --- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (2) | Mr. Maguire’s earned
                                         $505,735 for the year ended December 31, 2015, pursuant to his written employment agreement
                                         with the Company. Of the 2015 salary amount disclosed above, 50% was paid in cash and
                                         50% was deferred and accrued pursuant to an unwritten arrangement between the Company
                                         and Mr. Maguire.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





5






| | (3) | Colin W. Hill was the Chief
                                         Financial Officer and Principal Financial Officer through July 2015. Mr. Hill continues
                                         in the capacity of Director of Lipoxen Technologies Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary
                                         of the Company. Mr. Hill's 2015 All Other Compensation includes amounts pursuant to his
                                         separation settlement agreement with the Company.
| | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



| | (4) | In connection with the Company’s
                                         relocation to the U.S., Mr. Gregoriadis’ contract of employment was terminated
                                         in January 2014. Amounts shown in the above table reflect salary payments made according
                                         to the terms of his written agreement. As of February 2015, the Company had completed
                                         its contractual salary payments to Mr. Gregoriadis.
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Grants of Plan-Based Awards



During the year
ended December 31, 2015, 8 million stock options with an exercise price of $0.42 were granted to our named executive officers
under the Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. Equity Incentive Plan.



Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal
Year-End



The following
table sets forth certain information with respect to outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers at December 31,
2015.



|Name                  |  | GrantDate |  | Number
    ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)Exercisable |           |  | Number
    ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)Unexercisable |  |           | JSOPAwards (#)Exercisable |  |  | JSOPAwards (#)Unexercisable |  |  | EquityIncentivePlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#) |   |  | Option ExercisePrice ($) |  |   | Option/JSOP

ExpirationDate
|--------------------- |  | --------- |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------- |  | -------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | --------- | ------------------------- |  |  | --------------------------- |  |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - |  | ------------------------ |  | - | ---------------------------
|Michael Scott Maguire |  | 9/06/15   |  |                                                                    | 2,333,334 |  |                                                                      |  | 4,666,666 |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 6/10/10   |  |                                                                    | 495,040   |  |                                                                      |  | –         |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 6/10/10   |  |                                                                    |           |  |                                                                      |  |           |                           |  |  | 1,234,267                   |  |  |                                                                                       | – |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 3/02/12   |  |                                                                    |           |  |                                                                      |  |           |                           |  |  | 7,481,815                   |  |  |                                                                                       | – |  |                          |  | – |                            
|Colin W. Hill         |  | 6/10/10   |  |                                                                    | 495,040   |  |                                                                      |  | –         |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 6/10/10   |  |                                                                    |           |  |                                                                      |  |           |                           |  |  | 467,646                     |  |  |                                                                                       | – |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 3/02/12   |  |                                                                    |           |  |                                                                      |  |           |                           |  |  | 1,504,466                   |  |  |                                                                                       | – |  |                          |  | – |                            
|Dr. Henry Hoppe IV    |  | 9/06/15   |  |                                                                    | –         |  |                                                                      |  | 1,000,000 |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 5/01/12   |  |                                                                    | 319,984   |  |                                                                      |  | –         |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 5/01/12   |  |                                                                    | 319,984   |  |                                                                      |  | –         |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            
|                      |  | 5/01/12   |  |                                                                    | 319,984   |  |                                                                      |  | –         |                           |  |  |                             |  |  |                                                                                       |   |  |                          |  | – |                            



| | (1) | The JSOP awards do not carry an
                                         expiration date once vested. Please refer to Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial
                                         statements included in Part 8 for further description of the JSOP awards.
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





6






Option Exercises during Fiscal Year



During the year
ended December 31, 2015, there were no options exercised by our named executive officers.



Employment Agreements with our Named
Executive Officers



Employment
Agreement with Michael Scott Maguire



The Company entered
into a written employment agreement with Michael Scott Maguire on November 3, 2009 for a term then commencing and continuing
thereafter unless and until terminated by either Mr. Maguire or the Company in writing with not less than twelve months’
notice. Mr. Maguire’s present annual salary under his employment agreement is $505,735. The salary under this agreement
is subject to periodic review by the Company without any obligation on the part of the Company to increase. The Company is required
to make contributions to its Defined Contribution Pension Scheme at a rate of 12% of base salary. Additionally, Mr. Maguire
is provided with life insurance coverage equal to four times base salary and is entitled to participate in the Company’s
Permanent Health and Private Medical Schemes. He is also eligible to participate in the Company’s bonus and share option/equity
incentive schemes in force from time to time. The agreement may be terminated by the Company for good cause without notice or
payment in lieu of notice to Mr. Maguire.



Employment
Agreement with Colin W. Hill





The Company entered
into a written employment agreement with Colin W. Hill in June 2007 for a term commencing June 11, 2007 and continuing thereafter,
indefinitely, unless terminated by either Mr. Hill or the Company in writing with not less than twelve months’ notice.
While Chief Financial Officer in 2015, Mr. Hill’s annual salary under that employment contract was $234,965. The Company
was required to make contributions to a Defined Contribution Personal Pension Scheme at a rate of 12% of base salary. Additionally,
Mr. Hill was provided with life insurance coverage. He was also eligible to participate in the Company’s share option/equity
incentive schemes in force from time to time but has no contractual entitlement to participate in the Company’s bonus scheme.
Mr. Hill’s employment agreement was terminated upon his retirement as the Chief Financial Officer in July 2015. Mr. Hill
continues in the capacity as a Director of Lipoxen Technologies Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company. The Company
entered into a separation agreement with Mr. Hill which provided for certain termination payments and benefits, which are included
in All Other Compensation in the Summary Compensation Table.



Employment
Agreement with Dr. Henry Hoppe IV



The Company entered
into a written employment agreement with Dr. Henry Hoppe IV in April 2012. The written employment agreement was amended during
2015. Dr. Hoppe’s current annual salary under his amended employment agreement is $180,000. Dr. Hoppe’s
annual base salary shall be re-determined annually by the Chief Executive Officer and or by the Board of Directors and he is eligible
for a performance bonus of up to 25% of his then current annual base salary as provided in the agreement. If the Company terminates
his agreement without cause or if he terminates his employment agreement with cause, then Dr. Hoppe shall be entitled to
a severance payment equal to six months of his annual base salary, plus one month additional salary for each complete year of
employment starting with the first anniversary of the effective date of the employment agreement which employment agreement was
effective April 2012. The agreement may be terminated by the Company for good cause without notice or payment in lieu of notice
to Dr. Hoppe.





7






Director Compensation Table



The following
table sets forth certain information with respect to non-employee director compensation during 2015.



|Name                  |    | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($) |   |        | Common Stock Awards ($) |  |   | Option Awards (2) ($) |     |  | All Other Compensation (3)($) |         |  | Total ($) |  
|--------------------- | -- | ------------------------------- | - | ------ | ----------------------- |  | - | --------------------- | --- |  | ----------------------------- | ------- |  | --------- | -
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin     |    |                                 | $ | 1,186  |                         |  | $ | 1,872,259             | (1) |  | $                             | 354,375 |  |           | $
|Firdaus J. Dastoor    |    |                                 |   | 4,564  |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | 425,250 |  |           |  
|Darlene Deptula-Hicks |    |                                 |   | 50,000 |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | 283,500 |  |           |  
|Roman Knyazev         |    |                                 |   | 4,564  |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | 354,375 |  |           |  
|Dr. Roger Kornberg    | ** |                                 |   | –      |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | –       |  |           |  
|Artur Isaev           | *  |                                 |   | 3,378  |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | –       |  |           |  
|Dr. Timothy Cote      | *  |                                 |   | 18,750 |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | –       |  |           |  
|Mark Leuchtenberger   | *  |                                 |   | 15,385 |                         |  |   | –                     |     |  |                               | –       |  |           |  



|(1) | This amount represents the fair value of the common
                              stock issuance during 2015 in consideration for the assignment of a U.S. provisional patent application.
                              The valuation of this issuance is based on the methodology set forth in Note 1 to our audited consolidated
                              financial statements in Part 8
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(2) | The amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair
                              value of stock options granted during 2015. The valuation of stock options is based on the assumptions
                              and methodology set forth in Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements in Part 8
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

|(3) | These amounts represent fees paid for scientific
                              services rendered to the Company during 2015 outside the scope of their duties as directors of the
                              Board
|--- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



|*  | These non-employee directors were members of the Board of Directors during a portion
           of 2015 and subsequently resigned prior to April 29, 2016
|-- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|** | Dr. Kornberg was appointed to the Board of Directors
                             in February 2016                                                       





ITEM 12 – SECURITY OWNERSHIP
OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS



The following
table sets forth certain information regarding the beneficial ownership of the Company’s common stock as of April 29, 2016
by (i) each director of the Company; (ii) each named executive officer of the Company; (iii) all executive officers
and directors of the Company as a group; and (iv) each stockholder known by the Company to be the beneficial owner of more
than 5% of the shares of its common stock. In compiling the table, the Company has relied upon information supplied by such persons
and upon information contained in SEC filings.



Under applicable
rules of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), a person is deemed to beneficially own shares of
common stock if that person directly or indirectly has or shares voting power or investment power with respect to those shares.
Except as indicated in the footnotes to the table, the individuals and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment
power with respect to all shares of common stock that they respectively own beneficially.



Under applicable
Exchange Act rules, a person is also deemed to beneficially own shares which the person has the right to acquire within sixty
days. For example, on April 29, 2016, if an individual owns options to acquire 1,000 shares of common stock and those options
would be exercisable on or before June 28, 2016, that individual will also be deemed to beneficially own those 1,000 shares of
common stock on April 29, 2016.





8






The percentage
of shares beneficially owned is based on 308,478,434 shares of common stock issued as of April 29, 2016. Unless otherwise indicated,
the address for each listed stockholder is c/o Xenetic Biosciences, Inc., 99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230, Lexington, MA 02421.



|Name of Beneficial Owner                                    |  | Number of Shares |             |      | Percent of  
    Beneficial   Ownership of   Common Stock | 
|----------------------------------------------------------- |  | ---------------- | ----------- | ---- | --------------------------------------------------------- | 
|Named Executive Officers and Directors:                     |  |                  |             |      |                                                           | 
|Michael Scott Maguire                                       |  |                  | 18,651,546  | (1)  |                                                           | 
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin                                           |  |                  | 1,570,616   | (2)  |                                                           | 
|Firdaus J. Dastoor                                          |  |                  | 1,959,968   | (3)  |                                                           | 
|Darlene Deptula-Hicks                                       |  |                  | 1,040,000   | (4)  |                                                           | 
|Roman Knyazev                                               |  |                  | 1,250,000   | (5)  |                                                           | 
|Dr. Roger Kornberg                                          |  |                  | –           |      |                                                           | 
|All executive officers and directors as a group (6 members) |  |                  | 31,259,960  | (6)  |                                                           | 
|5% Stockholders                                             |  |                  |             |      |                                                           | 
|PJSC Pharmsynthez                                           |  |                  | 177,476,823 | (7)  |                                                           | 
|SynBio LLC                                                  |  |                  | 65,866,664  | (8)  |                                                           | 
|Baxalta Incorporated                                        |  |                  | 17,627,589  | (9)  |                                                           | 
|Serum Institute of India Limited                            |  |                  | 17,043,984  | (10) |                                                           | 
|OPKO Health, Inc.                                           |  |                  | 10,224,082  | (11) |                                                           | 



| | * | Represents beneficial ownership
                                         of less than one percent.
| | - | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (1) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 2,440,424 shares of common stock owned directly or through nominee trusts,
                                         8,716,082 JSOP award shares and 7,495,040 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (2) | The
                                         total beneficial ownership consists of 300,008 shares of common stock owned directly,
                                         20,608 shares of common stock issued to FDS Pharma, an entity controlled by Dr. Genkin,
                                         and 1,250,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
| | --- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (3) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 359,968 shares of common stock owned directly or through nominee trusts and
                                         1,600,000 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (4) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 1,040,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (5) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 1,250,000 shares issuable upon exercise of options.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (6) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 7,441,686 shares of common stock owned directly or through nominee trusts,
                                         10,688,194 JSOP award shares, 11,530,080 shares issuable upon exercise of options and
                                         1,600,000 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants.
| | --- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (7) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 145,810,156 shares of common stock owned directly and 31,666,667 shares issuable
                                         upon exercise of warrants. The address of PJSC Pharmsynthez is Office Center IT Park,
                                         25 Liter ZH, Krasnogo Kursanta ul., St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia.
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (8) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 59,121,664 shares of common stock owned directly, including 4,800,000 held
                                         in escrow, and 6,745,000 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants. The address of SynBio
                                         LLC is Building 2, 55/1, Leninsky Prospekt, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | --- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (9) | The total beneficial ownership
consists of 13,039,291 shares of common stock owned directly and 4,588,298 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants. The address
of Baxalta Incorporated is 1200 Lakeside Drive, Bannockburn, IL 60015.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (10) | The total beneficial ownership
consists of 7,582,400 shares of common stock owned directly, 6,261,584 shares of common stock owned by related affiliates of Serum
Institute of India and 3,200,000 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants. The address of Serum Institute of India is S. No. 212/2,
Off Soli Poonawalla Road, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India.
| | ---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

| | (11) | The total beneficial ownership
                                         consists of 10,224,082 shares of common stock owned directly. The address of OPKO Health
                                         Inc. is 4400 Biscayne Boulevard, Miami, FL 33137.
| | ---- | -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------





9






Stock-Based
Compensation Plans



Prior to the
Acquisition, the Company had two incentive stock plans, the Lipoxen plc Unapproved Share Option Plan (the “2000 Stock
Plan”) and the Xenetic Biosciences plc 2007 Share Option Scheme (the “2007 Stock Plan”). Subsequent to the Acquisition,
the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plans were converted to reflect the new shares issued by the Company under the Scheme of Arrangement related
to the Acquisition. As part of the conversion, option holders under the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plan have the right to subscribe for
a number of shares of common stock in the Company (the “Replacement Option Shares”) in exchange for the cancellation
and surrender by the option holder of the original options granted by the 2000 and 2007 Stock Plans. The number of Replacement
Option Shares is determined in the same manner in which the shareholders of Xenetic UK were given the right to acquire shares
of common stock in the Company according to the Acquisition. The aggregate exercise price payable in U.S. dollars for Replacement
Option Shares is the same as the aggregate exercise price in pounds sterling of the original options, using a foreign currency
exchange rate for pounds sterling into U.S. dollars of 1.6531, being the rate quoted by Barclays Bank plc at 12 noon Greenwich
Mean Time (“GMT”) on January 22, 2014, the date of the Acquisition.



The Equity Incentive Plan



The Equity Incentive
Plan (the “2014 Plan”) was adopted and became effective January 23, 2014. The purpose of the 2014 Plan is to
enhance the profitability and value of the Company for the benefit of its stockholders by enabling the Company to offer all eligible
present and future employees, consultants and non-employee directors stock-based incentives in the Company in order to attract,
retain and reward such individuals and strengthen the mutual interests between such individuals and the Company’s stockholders.



The 2014 Plan
provides for the grant of any or a combination of incentive stock options, nonqualified stock options, restricted stock awards,
or any other stock based award, including any restricted stock unit to all eligible present and future employees, consultants
and non-employee directors. The Company has broad authority to determine whether and to what extent awards are to be granted under
the 2014 Plan.



The aggregate
number of shares of common stock that may be issued under the 2014 Plan shall not exceed 15% of the issued and outstanding shares
of common stock of the Company. Subsequent to the Acquisition, holders of awards under the 2000 Stock Plan and 2007 Stock Plan
either forfeited those awards or consented in writing to convert those awards into the 2014 Plan, pursuant to a rollover deed.



Stock-Based Compensation Plan Information



The following
table sets forth information as of December 31, 2015 with respect to compensation plans (including individual compensation
arrangements) under which equity securities are authorized for issuance:



|Plan Category                                              |  | Number
                                         ofSecurities to beIssued uponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights (a) |            |  | WeightedAverageExercise Priceof OutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights (b) |   |      | Number
                                         ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(ExcludingSecuritiesReflectedin Column (a)) (c) | 
|---------------------------------------------------------- |  | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------- |  | ------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
|Equity compensation plans approved by security holders     |  |                                                                                                                                   | 49,943,674 |  |                                                                           | $ | 0.49 |                                                                                                                                                                              | 
|Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  |                                                                                                                                   | –          |  |                                                                           |   | –    |                                                                                                                                                                              | 
|Total                                                      |  |                                                                                                                                   | 49,943,674 |  |                                                                           | $ | 0.49 |                                                                                                                                                                              | 





10






ITEM 13 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS
AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE



Policy Regarding Related Party Transactions



Any
transaction between the Company and its officers, directors, principal stockholders or affiliates are required to be on terms
no less favorable to us than could be reasonably obtained in arms-length transactions with independent third parties, and any
such material related party transactions must also be approved by a majority of the Board of Directors.



Relationship
with SynBio LLC



SynBio LLC (“SynBio”)
is the Company’s largest single shareholder and currently owns 20.2% of the Company’s common stock. In August 2011,
the Company entered into a Co-Development Agreement with SynBio, which is still in effect, pursuant to which the Company granted
an exclusive license to SynBio to develop pharmaceutical products within Russia and the Commonwealth of Independent States using
certain molecule(s) based on SynBio’s technology and the Company’s proprietary technologies: PolyXenTM, OncoHistTM
and ImuXenTM. In return, SynBio granted an exclusive license to the Company to use the pre-clinical and clinical data generated
by SynBio in certain agreed upon products and engage in the development of commercial drug candidates.



The Co-Development
Agreement provides for the sale of certain research supplies between each company. For the years ended December 31, 2015
and 2014, the Company did not recognized any supply service revenues from sales to SynBio in connection with the Co-Development
Agreement.



Loan from SynBio LLC



In May 2011, the
Company entered into a short term unsecured loan facility of up to $1.7 million from SynBio. The loan carried an initial stated
interest rate of 8.04% payable upon repayment of the loan. The initial due date of the SynBio loan was December 2011. By written
agreement, the initial due date was extended to June 2012. During 2012, the loan matured and it was agreed by both parties
that the loan can be called due with full repayment of the outstanding principal including accrued interest upon future agreement
by both parties. It was also agreed at this point that as of July 1, 2012, no further interest on the outstanding loan balance
will be accrued. No payments were made to SynBio in repayment of the loan during the year ended December 31, 2015. As of December
31, 2015, the loan amount outstanding was $395,000. During 2015, the Company entered into a forbearance agreement with SynBio
in regards to the loan which provided for the deferral of all collection efforts and any default on the loan until the earlier
of the completion of a $7 million capital raise or June 30, 2016.



Relationship with Serum Institute
of India



Serum
Institute of India (“Serum Institute”) currently owns 4.5% of the Company’s common stock. In the period
from 2004 through 2011, the Company entered into an amended certain license and supply agreements with Serum Institute.
The original license agreement with Serum Institute was a collaborative Development and Manufacturing Arrangement
(“DMA”) to develop agreed upon potential commercial product candidates using the Company’s PolyXenTM
technology. Following the 2011 amendment, which is still in effect, Serum Institute retained an exclusive license to use the
Company’s PolyXenTM technology to research and develop one potential commercial product, Polysialylated
Erythropoietin (“PSA-EPO”) in territories excluding the United States of America, European Economic Area, Japan,
Russia, the Commonwealth of Independent States, South Korea and other certain territories. Serum Institute will be
responsible for conducting all pre-clinical and clinical trials required to achieve regulatory approvals within the certain
predetermined territories at Serum Institute’s own expense.



Manufacturing Agreement with Serum
Institute of India



The 2011 amendment
also provides for the supply of PSA by Serum Institute to the Company and its collaborative partners. Serum Institute has the
non-exclusive right to supply PSA to the Company and the Company’s collaborative partners and customers on a cost-plus basis.
On an individual basis, Serum Institute may enter into separate supply agreements with the Company and/or its collaborative partners
for the purpose of providing a supply of PSA directly to the collaborative partners. Further, any agreement between Serum Institute
and a collaborative partner shall not create any obligation or liability for the Company.



During 2015 and
2014, the Company recognized expense of approximately $115,000 and zero related to Serum Institute in respect of the supply of
PSA or for the supply of PSA-EPO in respect of and for use in the Company’s ErepoXenTM human clinical trials being
conducted in Australia.





11






Relationship
with Pharmsynthez



Pharmsynthez currently owns 47.3% of the Company’s common stock. In November 2011,
the Company entered into a collaborative research and development license agreement with Pharmsynthez (the “Pharmsynthez
Arrangement”) pursuant to which the Company granted an exclusive license to Pharmsynthez to develop, commercialize and market
six product candidates based on the Company’s PolyXenTM and ImuXenTM technology in certain territories. In exchange,
Pharmsynthez granted an exclusive license to the Company to use any pre-clinical and clinical data developed by Pharmsynthez,
within the scope of the Pharmsynthez Arrangement, and to engage in further research, development and commercialization of drug
candidates outside of certain territories at the Company’s own expense.



Financing Agreements with
Pharmsynthez



In July 2015,
the Company entered into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Pharmsynthez providing for the issuance of certain promissory notes
and certain warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock.



In November 2015,
the Company entered into an Asset Purchase Agreement (the “APA”) with AS Kevelt and Pharmsynthez. The APA provided
for the transfer to the Company of certain intellectual property rights with respect to the immunomodulatory product candidate
Virexxa® held by AS Kevelt In April 2016, the Company completed its purchase of the intellectual property rights associated
with the APA and the Company issued 100,500,000 shares of common stock pursuant to the agreement.



The APA also provided
for the Company’s issuance of certain convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase shares of the Company’s
common stock. During Q1 2016, the Company issued $3.5 million of convertible promissory notes to Pharmsynthez receiving $3.5 million
in cash proceeds. In April 2016, Pharmsynthez converted all of its convertible promissory notes (both the July 2015 note and the
Q1 2016 notes) and associated interest into 45,310,156 shares of common stock.



Relationship with Baxalta Incorporated



Baxalta Incorporated
(“Baxalta”) currently owns approximately 4.2% of the Company’s common stock. The Company has entered into an
exclusive research, development, license and supply agreement with Baxter SA and Baxter Healthcare Corporation (together referred
to as “Baxter”) to develop products using the Company’s and Baxter’s proprietary technologies. The agreement
with Baxter was originally entered into in August 2005 and has been amended several times, most recently in January 2014. The
2014 amendment resulted in increased development, regulatory, sales and deadline extension receipts, restructured target deadlines
and royalty receipts on potential net sales. During June 2015, in connection with the separation of its biopharmaceuticals business
to form Baxalta, Baxter assigned all of its rights and obligations under its existing agreement with the Company to Baxalta.





12






Baxalta Incorporated $10 Million
Equity Investment in the Company



In
connection with the January 2014 amendment, the Company entered into a stock purchase agreement with Baxalta (initially entered
into with Baxter SA and subsequently transferred to Baxalta), pursuant to which the Company sold to Baxalta 10,695,187 shares
of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Shares”) for $10 million. Pursuant to the stock
purchase agreement, Baxalta agreed that until the earlier of (i) three months after the effective date of a listing of the
Company’s common stock on the NASDAQ Stock Market or (ii) January 29, 2015 (such earlier date, the “Lock-Up
Expiration Date”), Baxalta would not assign, transfer, sell or dispose of the Shares to any party other than a wholly owned
subsidiary. In addition, Baxalta agreed that until the 12 month anniversary of the Lock-Up Expiration Date, it would not sell
or offer to sell any shares of the Company’s common stock in an amount that would exceed 15% of the daily trading volume
of Company’s common stock on the principal market or exchange on which the shares of Company’s common stock are traded,
and in no event would Baxalta sell or offer to sell more than 15% of the Shares in any one month period. In October 2015, Baxalta
agreed in writing to not sell any of its shares currently held before June 30, 2016 and then further to limit the sale of its
shares in the Company for an additional six months (to December 2016) to a price of no less than $1.25 per share.



Consulting Services Agreement with
Dr. Dmitry Genkin



Dr. Dmitry
Genkin is party to a letter agreement with the Company under which he is entitled to an annual fee of £750 paid in quarterly
installments for his services as Director of the Company. Dr. Genkin was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Company
on September 24, 2015. During 2015, Dr. Genkin charged the Company approximately $1,000 in respect of director services provided.
In addition, Dr. Genkin provides research and consulting services to the Company, for which he was paid by the Company approximately
$73,000 during the year ended December 31, 2015.



Consulting Services Agreement with
Dr. Timothy R. Coté



Dr. Timothy
R. Coté is party to a letter agreement with the Company under which he is entitled to an annual fee of $25,000 paid in
quarterly installments for his services as Director of the Company. Dr. Coté was appointed to the Board of Directors
of the Company on February 7, 2014. In addition his agreement provides for payment of an additional annual fee of between
$3,000 and $10,000 as compensation for attendance at up to four board meetings per year plus issuance of options to purchase up
to 50,000 shares of our common stock, subject to certain vesting requirements. Dr. Cotédid not stand for re-election
as a director of the Board on September 24, 2015.



Under his agreement,
Dr. Coté’s consulting firm, Coté Orphan Drug Consulting, LLC (“CODC”), shall have the exclusive
right to advise the Company on all orphan drug filings with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for so long as Dr. Coté
remains a member of the Board of Directors. During 2015, Dr. Coté charged the Company $18,750 in respect of director
services provided and $4,000 for advisory services related to certain orphan drug filings.



Director Independence



Presently, we
are not required to comply with the director independence requirements of any securities exchange and have not adopted formal
independence standards.





13






ITEM 14 –
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES



The following table sets forth the
Company’s fees billed for services rendered by our current auditors, Marcum LLP, and our former auditors, Ernst &
Young LLP, United Kingdom in 2015 and 2014. All fees described below were approved by our Board of Directors.



|                   |  | 2015 |         |  | 2014 |  
|------------------ |  | ---- | ------- |  | ---- | -
|Audit Fees         |  | $    | 218,835 |  |      | $
|Audit-Related Fees |  |      | –       |  |      |  
|Tax Fees           |  |      | –       |  |      |  
|Other Fees         |  |      | –       |  |      |  
|                   |  | $    | 218,835 |  |      | $



Audit Fees



Audit fees include
the total fees incurred in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements for each of the years ended
December 31, 2015 and 2014.



Audit-Related Fees



Audit-related
fees during the years ended December 31, 2015 and 2014 include the total fees incurred in connection with consulting services
concerning financial accounting and reporting requirements in contemplation of the Company’s transition to a U.S. Securities
Exchange Commission registrant.



Tax Fees



Tax fees include
the total fees incurred in connection with tax compliance and general advisory services provided during the years ended December
31, 2015 and 2014.



Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval
Policy



The Audit Committee
pre-approves all audit and non-audit accounting services provided by our independent, registered accounting firm.



Pursuant to the
Board of Directors’ policy, to help ensure the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm, all auditing
services and permitted non-audit services (including the terms thereof) to be performed for us by our independent registered public
accounting firm must be pre-approved by the Board of Directors, subject to the de-minimis exceptions for non-audit services described
in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are approved by the Board of Directors prior to the
commencement of services.



Our Audit Committee
approved and retained Marcum LLP to audit our consolidated financial statements for 2015. Our Audit Committee reviewed all services
provided by Marcum LLP in 2015 and concluded that the services provided were compatible with maintaining its independence.





14






PART IV



ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENT SCHEDULES



| | (b) | Exhibits: The attached
                                         list of exhibits in the “Exhibit Index” immediately preceding the exhibits
                                         to this Form 10-K/A is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.
| | --- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

































15






SIGNATURES



Pursuant to the requirements
of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on
its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.



|               |  |                           |                                       | 
|-------------- |  | ------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | 
|               |  | XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC. |                                      
|               |  |                           |                                       | 
|April 29, 2016 |  | By:                       | /S/ MICHAEL SCOTT MAGUIRE             | 
|               |  |                           | Michael Scott Maguire                 | 
|               |  |                           | Chief Executive Officer and President | 





Pursuant to the
requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the
registrant and in the capacities indicated below on the 29th day of April, 2016.



|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|--------------------------------------------------------- |  | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Signature                                                 |  | Title(s)                                                                             
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|/S/ MICHAEL SCOTT MAGUIRE


        Michael Scott Maguire |  | President, Chief Executive Officer and Director
        (Principal Executive Officer)
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|*


        Dr. Dmitry Genkin                             |  | Director                                                                             
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|*


        Firdaus Jal Dastoor FCS                       |  | Director                                                                             
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|*


        Darlene Deptula-Hicks                         |  | Director                                                                             
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|*


        Roman Knyazev                                 |  | Director                                                                             
|                                                          |  |                                                                                      
|*


        Dr. Roger Kornberg                            |  | Director                                                                             





|     |                          
|---- | -------------------------
|*By: | /S/ MICHAEL SCOTT MAGUIRE
|     | Michael Scott Maguire    
|     | Attorney-in-Fact         





16






EXHIBIT INDEX



|EXHIBITNUMBER |  | DESCRIPTION                                                                                                                                            
|------------- |  | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|14            |  | Code of Business
    Conduct and Ethics (1)                                                                                                            
|31.1*         |  | Certification of Michael Scott Maguire, Principal Executive Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.                        
|31.2*         |  | Certification of Michael Scott Maguire, Principal Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002                         
|32.1**        |  | Certifications of Michael Scott Maguire, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002



|(1) | Incorporated by reference to Amendment No. 1 to the Annual
    Report on Form 10-K filed April 30, 2015
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|*   | Filed herewith                                                                                         
|**  | Furnished herewith                                                                                     



















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