LUZ BST LBD Boe OWL $t-0 s 9 dams 0x1 189A,

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Jo/pue ABojoop

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27


Abstract

This report contains the results of analyses conducted at the
Laboratory of the Intemational Institute of Tropical Forestry
in Puerto Rico between 1981 and 1990. Our objective was to
make available the chemical and physical data developed for
tropical forest ecosystems. The data include species, chemi-
cal composition, tissue type, life zone, soil order, and geol-
ogy and/or parent material. The data are summarized to
facilitate interpretation and to synthesize the range of values
obtained.

Keywords: plant, soil, chemical, element, tropical

January 1997

‘Sanchez, Mary Jeane; Lopez, Edwin; Lugo, Ariel E., comps, 1997.
Chemical and physical analyses of selected plants and soils from

Puerto Rico (1981-1990). Res. Note. IITF-RN-1. Rio Piedras,

Puerto Rico: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, International
Institute of Tropical Forestry. 112 p.

‘The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimi-
nation in its programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex,
religion, age, disability, political beliefs, and marital or familial status.
Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication
of program information (braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should contact
the USDA Office of Communications at (202) 720-2791. To file a com-
plaint, write the Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Agriculture,
Washington, DC 20250, or call (800) 245-6340 (voice), or (202) 720-1127
(TTD). USDA is an equal employment opportunity employer.

Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Drs. Jorge Frangi, Ernesto Medina, and
Elvira Cuevas for their long-term support and contributions
to the functioning of the Institute Laboratory. We also thank
Institute staff for their support. This work was done in coop-
eration with the University of Puerto Rico.

Characteristics of Plant Samples................cssssssseseseeeee 8
Characteristics of Soil Samples .............:sccsceseeseeeeeeee 57
Appendix 1—Data Sources...........s.scssceseseseseeseeeneees 99
Appendix 2—List of Species .............scsscsesessesesseeeee 103

Appendix 3—Elemental Composition by Species

in Live Vegetation 105

Appendix 4—Elemental Composition by Species

in Loose Litter...........sscscseseseeseeeees 108

Appendix 6—Elemental Composition by Soil Order....109


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34


Appendix 3—Elemental
Composition by Species
in Live Vegetation

The following figures show the concentration of elements by
species in live vegetation. The numbers on the horizontal
axes correspond to species numbers listed in Appendix 2.
The graphs are intended to provide a quick overview of the
range of values obtained and outliers.

100000

(@ oie
1O Leaves
|) Wood oO
10000 ° °
Q
= o @ i")
1000
E
2 SR a
- wr a * 40 ° o
°
z oO Oe ° °
of CS ° 3
1 . .
0 30 60 90 120 150
Species
40 7
© Leaves
Flowers & fruit
30
z °
s 20 & fe} ° O°
2 °
° ° &
o [68
roo 9 &°
° & % 08 &g ° oo oe
°
§ ° o 00
0 6
0 30 60 90 120 150

Species

Ash (%)

Calcium (mg/g)

Calcium (mg/g)

100

1 Wood
'@ Bole
e
oF ° ° o e
P oo
ee ing
°

30 60 90 120 150

A © Leaves @ Bole
O Wood A Bark

$

150

8
gs
8

100

bPmoOo

Leaves

Wood

Flowers & fruits
Miscellaneous

10

moco

[> e)
°
@

B oe Be

°
5 af

ODmMp

a
a
ocm

120 150

30 60 90
Species

105


opeiog susodep any SOMO SPS OZOH RTT ZL BLT VUL (%) vo8om
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susodap [Panty —SJOSTIOW IPS «6 i 190
susodep any  SOSMOW «SPS GZS OEST MET OZ BUOCME' (%) wo80nIN
susodap ANTTY —S[OSTOW IPS «6Z I Lu
susodep jeianyiy — SjosmOW IPS GZS OL «OSPI «LTE ZOOL @Aw) umd
susodap FeIAnity —SJOsOW IPS «6, if 19h
susodep eiantty Sos IPS_6Z_—iC‘dS'S:“«CBT' COD ZOO’ (%) usy psnigo puaung
susodap PIANITY —S[OSTIOW IPS «6. I
susodap [eianity —SJOSIOW IPS «6 v
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WORETOJOP 35]-SOART SJOsMOW JPS 67 € (Aw) umisseiog
SIOSMIOW IPS 6% ¥
soavay amyeuruy SIOSMIOW IPS 67 I
SOAROT AINE, i TANTY = SJOSTIOW ss SPS_— OT z
susodap eiAnty — S|OSHIOW IPS 6. ¥
woneroyap puz-saavay susodap eiantTy = S[OSTOW «IPS GZ £
WORErOJEP IS[-SoAvTT susodap [etaniTy —S[OsOW IPS GZ € (BfBun) srxoydsoyg
suisodap any —SJOSMOW SPS «6 v
soaea] aunyeuruy susodop Teranyty — SJOSMOW IPS 6Z z
SOABIT BINIEI susodap [eIANTTY —S[OSOW SPS Z v
13B1]0}OP PUZ-SOALI] susodap eianty —S[OsIOW SPS «6 Z £
VOREHOJeP 15]-SOAeT] SIOSTIOW IPS 6Z €
SOSTIOW IPS 6Z I (%) wa8ontn
saaea[ amyeurury SIOSMIOW IPS 67 if
SIOSTIOW SPS -6Z Y
SIOSTIOW —JPS«6Z z
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WOHETOJep IS|-SeARAT susodap [etAnTy —SJOSTIOW «IPS 6Z € (BBu) unpTeD
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saaeay aI susodap [eIAnTTy —SJOSMIOW «IPS 6 y
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WORE HOJOp 38]-SOAEIT susodep [PANTY —S[OSTIOW IPS «6 € (%) usy gy Dusan
se r 090 (90/8) Autsuap poor aainp wnigonaoayitd
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yo/pue K80}095,

NT

47


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wdeq OWT Joypue £30[095

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‘uoispues snoaoeyyny, Ov if 00'6r VUL (yaw) wos
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Joypure £B0j095, iat

10


Table 3—Chemical composition of plant tissue

Aluminum Ash Carbon/ Calcium Cobalt Tron Magnesium
Tissue (mg/kg) (%) nitrogen (mg/g) (us/e) (mg/kg) (mg/e)
Branches 13,610-10 20.36-0.01 765-35 41.60-0.01 434-4 5.28-0.06
Climber 500 4.53 1,97 330 1.66
Coarse woody debris 1.17-0.33
Flowers & fruits 12.42-5.36 3.37 2.17
Leaves 9,340-10 33.49-0.50 97-13 49.90-0.36 3.00-0.10 2,250-16 11.31-0.03
Canopy
Mature-canopy 19.97-8.61 80.02-32.04 3.84-2.93
Mature-shade 175-120 15.58-10.16 4,50-3.45
Leaves-Other
Shade 17.55-14.28 97.98-46.54 5.94-3.36
Litter fall
Flowers & fruits 6.31-3.58 13.75-1.70 2.41-1.10
Leaves 11.05-8.22 31.26-9.86 7.40-2.83
Miscellaneous 11.67-7.71 4.04-2.88
Wood 15.75-4,89 32.37-20.70 3.47-2.52
Loose litter
Bark 3.91-1.46 4.93-2.66
Flowers & fruits 8.44-0.45 12.07-0.63 3.07-0.58
Leaves 22.21-2.37 29.26-1.10 7.19-0.75
Miscellaneous 29.40-1.18 23.84-1.47 5.58-0.80
Wood 18.31-1.64 15,82-1.29 3.59-0.78
Miscellaneous 4.33-3.57 3.90-1.84 2.49-1.94
Moss 33,370-2,680  14.57~-5.51 4.44-0.41 27,470-1,820 — 3.09-0.53
Other 17.07-2.09 8.25-0.64
Roots _ 40 15.57-2.10 318 19.78-1.71 150 3.10-0.82
Shrubs 12.54-6.70
Trunk 2,700-10 31.82-0.14 769-43 41.92-0.21 270-3 4,53-0.05
Bark 63.48-10.47 4,17-0.19
Sapwood
Twigs 22.42-0.77 4.33-0.21


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84


United States
Department of
Agriculture
Forest Service
International
Institute of
Tropical Forestry
Research

N

lote
IITF-RN-1

Chemical and Physical
Analyses of Selected
Plants and Soils From
Puerto Rico (1981-1990)

Mary Jeane Sanchez
Edwin Lépez
Ariel E. Lugo



1.0
7 0.84 (288)
5.87 (47) 08
3s
os ~
E 4.16 (1) 3 06
— 4 &
2 5
a 3 = 04
1.84 (2)
2 o 0.2 0182)
} SA om 8) 0.01 (1)
0 00 ezzz1 :
Alfisols  Mollisols —_Ultisols._-—_-Vertisols Aifisols  Mollisols —_Ultisols._-_—_-Vertisols.
45 40
40 37 (144)
38 32 (101) 32 (25) _ 2» 28.83 (184)
30 28 (8) zz
Zs ss 5
= & 2
© 20% 18m §
15 8 11.90 (48)
40 f 9.182)
10 6.35 (18)
5
O
Alfigols Entisols Inceptisols Molisols Oxisols Utisols _Vertisols. Entisols Inceptisols. Mollisols —_Uitisols.
50 20
1.71 (1)
38.57 (47) 38.44(1) 4
3 *” 15
a5 s
S
Bg 2 g
55 § 10 0.95 (47)
82 | 3
% 20
ee &
12.14 (2) =
g J 05
10 7.19 (180) 0.26 (2) 0.20 (252)
0 00
Alfisols  Mollisols. —Ultisols_—Vertisols Alfisols  Mollisols. —_Ultisols._—-Vertisols.

110



Table 2—Codes for identification of plant tissue samples

I. Soil
II. Vegetation

1. Trees

2. Shrubs

3. Herbs

4, Climber

5. Moss

6. Other

7. Coarse woody debris

8. Loose litter

9. Litter fall

A. Leaves

B, Branches
C. Main bole, stem, trunk

D. Twigs
E. Roots
F. Flowers, fruits
G. Miscellaneous

A. Bark
B. Heartwood
C. Sapwood

A. Leaves
B. Wood
C. Flowers, fruits
D. Miscellaneous

A. Leaves
B. Wood
C. Flowers, fruits
D. Miscellaneous

i. Canopy a, Young
ii, Shade a. Young
iii, Other

i. Bark
ii, Heartwood
iii, Sapwood

b. Mature
b. Mature

c. Other



8

3

8

10

Nitrogen(%)
ge e
g  §&

0.0

tr)
Alfisols Entisots nceptisolsMollisols Oxisols Ultisols Vertisols

Manganese (mg/kg)
3

225 (2)

60 (3)

29 (14)

VLZA

77 (297)

40 (1)

Alfisols Inceptisols Mollisols Ultisols Vertisols

0.68 (61)
0.21 (143)
Mollisols Uttisols.
‘11,07 (143)
3.92 (101) 4.16 (2) 4.12 (373) . 5 19)
2.317) 25318)

pH (H,0)
bo & oo oo

pH (KCI)

Potassium (mg/kg)

32(7) 88018)

7,84 (2) |

7,48 (131)

5.52 (24) 5.50 (2)

4,98 (291

Alfisols Entisols Inceptisols Mollisols Oxisols Ultisols_Vertisols

Bo oe NN

yw

6.99 (1)

8.73 (3)

4,32 (118)

Alfisols

Mollisols Ultisols Vertisols

115 (2)

447 (47)

420 (1)

162 (288)

85 (24)

Atfisols

Inceptisols Mollisols Ultisols.__Vertisols,

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45


Introduction

The Laboratory of the International Institute of Tropical
Forestry in Puerto Rico was founded in 1981 under the
supervision of Dr. Jorge Frangi, a visiting scientist from the
University of La Plata, Argentina. A year later, Dr. Frangi
returned to Argentina and Mary Jeane Sanchez, a chemistry
student supervised by Ariel E. Lugo, was assigned the re-
sponsibility of directing the Laboratory. Today, the Labora-
tory has a permanent staff of three chemists and temporary
staff of two biological aids.

The Laboratory has the capacity for analysis of total and
available elements in soil and plant tissue, including alumi-
num, calcium, phosphorus, iron, manganese, magnesium,
nitrogen, and potassium, as well as organic matter. In 1981,
the Laboratory conducted 93 analyses for two investigators;
in 1990, it served 17 projects with a total of 14,840
analyses.

This document contains the results of most analyses con-
ducted at the Laboratory between 1981 and 1990. Our objec-
tive was to make available the chemical and physical data
developed for tropical forest ecosystems. The data for plant
and soil sample characteristics include species, chemical
composition, soil order, and geology and/or parent material.
The elemental concentration is described in terms of mean,
standard deviation, median, maximum, and minimum val-
ues. Codes used for the life zones and types of tissue are
defined in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. Data sources are
listed in Appendix 1.

The results of the analyses are not discussed in this report.
However, we did summarize the data to facilitate interpreta-
tion and to synthesize the range of values obtained for tropi-
cal ecosystems. The mean and range of values for elements in
plants and soil are summarized in Tables 3 to 5. Methods of
analysis are described in Table 6.

Study species and identification numbers are listed in
Appendix 2, Appendices 3 to 5 consist of figures that show
elemental concentration in various plant parts by species.
Appendix 6 contains data about soil samples. Total elemen-
tal concentration in ultisols is shown in a table. The figures
show data on mean concentration of elements and other
constituents in different types of soil. Data on other character-
istics, such as bulk density and effective cation exchange
capacity, are also shown.

We plan to update this report every 10 years, and we wel-
come comments for improving the presentation of data. We
ask for acknowledgment of any use of this information and for
copies of reports, articles, or documents resulting from the
use of this information.

References

ASTM. 1968. 1968 Book of ASTM Standards. Part 16.
Philadelphia, PA: American Society for Testing and
Materials.

Chapman H.D.; Pratt P.F. 1979a. Métodos de anilisis para
suelos, plantas y aguas. Métodos de acenizacién. Capitulo
2: 47-49.

Chapman H.D.; Pratt P.F. 1979b. Métodos de andlisis para
suelos, plantas.y aguas Nitrégeno. Capitulo
17: 102-103.

Huang C.Y.; Schulte E.E. 1985. Digestion of plant tissue
for analysis by ICP emission spectroscopy. Communica-
tions in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 16: 943-958.

Hunter, A.H. 1974. International soil fertility evaluation and
improvement: In chapters A1-B3. Laboratory procedures.
Raleigh, NC: Department of Soils Science, North Carolina
State University.

Page A.E. 1982a. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Nitro-
gen. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy:
621-622.

Page A.E. 1982b. Methods of soil analysis. Part 2. Organic
matter. Madison, WI: American Society of Agronomy:
565-571.

Southern Cooperative Series Bulletin 289. 1983. Reference
soil test methods for the southern region of the United
States. Athens, GA: The University of Georgia College of
Agriculture Experiment Stations: 1-3.

Table 1—Ecological life zone codes

Code Ecological region

Subtropical lower montane rain forest
Subtropical lower montane wet forest
Subtropical dry forest

Subtropical moist forest

Subtropical rain forest

Subtropical wet forest

224855



100
° 8
g oO
10 °
Sa
g
€
2
By
°
Oo
a
0 30 60 90 120 150
Species
Appendix 4—Elemental

Composition by Species
in Loose Litter

The following figures show the concentration of elements by
species in loose litter. The numbers on the horizontal axes
correspond to species numbers listed in Appendix 2. The
graphs are intended to provide a quick overview of the range
of values obtained and outliers.

100
© Leaves
O Wood
Flowers & fruits}
Miscellaneous A A A
A Ao
10f © & i 8 4 8
= ° .
= 5 a a 8 Bo
5
2 .
1
.
A
0 30 60 90 120 150

Species

108

Magenesium (mg/g)

Nitrogen (%)

Potassium (mg/g)

12
© Leaves
tof {2 Mood
Flowers & fruits
A Miscellaneous
8
=
6 8 °
cy
4 8 4
g Sfo
2 i a3 8
Ls]
0 1 1 A A
0 30 60 90 120 150
Species
1.6
1.4 @ Leaves |
0 Wood
1.2, IE Flowers & fruits
1.0F e
Q
0.8 1: g a
0.6 e
0.4
0.2
0.0 1 A A 1
{0} 30 60 90 120 150
Species
10 T r T
© Leaves
D Wood
87 |A Miscellaneous A A
6
° R
4
8
o a
2
Q
i)
0 30 60 90 120 150
Species


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00°0SZ O0'Ery 0O'6SEDD'SS OO'ISE sI-0 9 6 OP20A TH
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ul xe, ueIipeaA, «ds ues, (wi) oNsiajeIeYyo/UsWs[g soINOg u ag ou0z Japio [log [evayeu juored
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68


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SOON Teuareu juored yapio flog suoz 0m0g Wy Xe uepyw u = qs ueay anssi], wow soroeds.

so/pue £80}095

ONT

54


Appendix 2—List of Species

No. Name Source No. Name Source
1 Acrostichum aureum 25 46 Erithalis fructicosa 42

2 ~~ Albizia lebbeck 34 47 Erythroxylum aerolatum 42

3. Alchornea latifolia 18, 35 49 Erythroxylum rotundifolium 42

4 Alchorneopsis floribunda 18 50 Eucalyptus patentinervis 28

5 Aleurites moluccana 35 51 Eucalyptus robusta 35

6  Allamanda violacea 29 52 Eucalyptus saligna 28

7 ~~ Amyris elemifera 42 53 Eugenia borinquensis 31

8 — Andira inermis 32 54 Eugenia eggersii 31

9 — Anthocephalus cadamba 28 55 Eugenia maleolens 42

10 Ardisia glauciflora 40 56 Eugenia rhombea 42

11 Artocarpus altilis 35 57 Eugenia stahlii 32

68 Alteramnus lucidus 42 58 Exostema caribaeum 40, 42
12. Avicennia germinans 22 59 Ficus citrifolia 35

13. Bambusa vulgaris 32 60 Genipa americana 35

14 Beilschmiedia pendula 18 61 Guaiacum officinale 42

15 Bourreria succulenta 42 62 Guaiacum sanctum 42

16 Bromeliads 31 63 Guapira obtusata 40

17 Bryophites and Cryptogams 26 64 Guararibaea turbinada 18

18 Bucida buceras 42 65 Guarea glabra 18, 31, 32, 39
19  Bursera simaruba 40, 42, 35 66 Guazuma ulmifolia 35

20 Byrsonima lucida 40 67 Guettarda scabra 40

21 Byrsonima wadsworthii 31 69 Hernandia sonora 28

22. Calophyllum brasiliense 32,39 70 Hibiscus elatus 28, 35
23  Calycogonium squamulosum 31 71 Hyeronima clusioides 35

24 Capparis cynophallophora 42 72 Ilex sideroxyloides 31

25 Casearia arborea 32, 39 73 Ingavera 38

26 = Casearia sylvestris 32 74 Jacquinia berterii 42

27 Cassine xylocarpa 40, 42 75 Kalanchoe pinnata 43

28 Citrus sinensis 35, 39 76 Khaya grandifolia 35

29 Clusia rosea 40, 42, 32 71 ~~ Khaya nyasica 28, 35
30 Coccoloba diversifolia 42 78 Khaya senegalensis 35

31 Coccoloba microstachya 40, 42 79 Krugiodendron ferreum 42

32 Coffea arabica 32 ° 80 Laguncularia racemosa 20, 21, 22
33 Colubrina arborescens 42 81 Maesopsis eminii 35

34 Colubrina elliptica 42 82 Magnolia splendens 31

35 Cordia borinquensis 18 83 Manilkara bidentata 18, 27, 32, 39
36 Cordia sulcata 18, 35 84 Matayba domingensis 18

37 Croton poecilanthus 18, 31 85 Melicoccus bijugatus 35

38 Cupania americana 35 86 Miconia prasina 18, 32
39 Cyrilla racemiflora 17, 31 87 Miconia tetrandra 31, 32
40 Dacryodes excelsa 17, 18, 32, 38, 39 88  Micropholis chrysophylloides 31

41  Daphnopsis philippiana 31 89 Micropholis garcinifolia 31

42. Didymopanax morototoni 18, 32, 39 90 Myrcia deflexa 31, 32
43 Ditta myricoides 31 91 Myrcia splendens 32, 39
44 Drypetes glauca 18 130 Neolaugeria resinosa 40

45 Enterolobium cyclocarpum 35 92 Ocotea leucoxylon 31, 32

103


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28


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36


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O€eZ SOLE SLEE Les LTE 91-9 € oL ud pos
SSE SSRS ELE LI6 >F6'0r +0 MS € + ud pros
086 = LS'OZ STL «=H GFT €9-81 € 9 ud [og
SSEL SSET OFLE S6Z OB'LT 91-9 € o£ ud [og
SSel SSE Sher LED —SLbz +-0 (pues 6 oy ud pros
800 o0f0 © 90 400 LT'0 £9-81 € 9 ud [tog
v0 8=6tv0 BE" 900 = 90 91-9 € o£ ad pos
v0 $0 = -¥z'0 910 = 870 v-0 (Su) eroy-smuoydsoyg ¢ 4 ud [los
SL ws STS Ivo) 11'8 €9-81 € 9 ud [os
SLL £78 ZBL 910 88k 91-9 € o£ ud Tos
LEL 808 (96'L oro LOL v0 OwCUDHd ¢€ +» ud prog
zoo = z1'0 S00 00 LOO €9-81 € 9 ud prog
zeo 8=— 90s Ev 110 sv’0 91-9 € oL ud pros
410 6€0—«IZ0 oro = ez0 -0 (%) we30oNIN gob ud ros
469 LLIZ POLL ES EET €9-81 € 9 ud prog
€VZl Lzst Lett CEH O80Z 91-9 € oL ud [os
so8l Sst 1107 997% ~—-SB0z o-0 (w)amsiom gob udjros
v0 = «19 690 ool IFT €9-81 € 9 ud prog
ory 0L6 = 869 vel 869 91-9 € o£ ad [os
6Sl «18 POE eel ze ¥-0 (%) uontusr uo ssoy gp ud pos
Or6l = OF8h «86LZ = TL TT PTO €9-81 € 9 ad pos
sash sosS OBIS = BHES EOS 91-9 € oL nd [ros
STEC 069% ONE EOI IE'bE r-0 me € + ud prog
660. SET Ett 10 «IZ €9-81 € 9 ud Tog
ZL0 = €0'L (080 v10 880 91-9 € oL ud pos
180 = $60 #8°0 400 (980 v0 (09/8) Ausuep ying gp ud ros
080 oI-s zt $S010J S90
+80 s-0 ‘4 I YSOIOJ ISOM
09°0 oI-s zt qso1oy wrayseg
90 s-0 4 T Solo Woyseq
89°0 ol-s zt 1s010y yinog
6L°0 s-0 zt 3ai0J yInog
99°0 oI-s zt 38930} WLION
£60 s-0 zt 380105 YON
Ivo = LL'0—9S'0 STO —-85"0 oI-s zy 71 penb-ous [omg
sO = €L:0- 290 800 = £9°0 S-0 (8/8u) roy-snsoydsoug = Zp $1 penb-ons [omg = IPS STostToW =—suISOdap [eIANTTY
uN xe ueIpoy| as ues, (uo) oNsuajoeseyopuawle[y smog ou ag 9Uu0Z Joplo [10g [euayeu yuored
indoq ayy Joppue A80j0a5

60


Let BST IGT 910 SH 01-0 6 €. opis

80 = 99% ODT «CLO LST oI-0 ~ 6 6 o8pRi

te0 See Ost prt LOT 01-0 (38m) voy 6 v doy,

6el Olol Ivy Ooze O's 0€-02 6 6 Aor A

161 198 S€b PET bd O€-02 6 v adois

LO = £79 HOH HBT OGLE 0€-02 6 € opis

09'T IeOl SOE 06% 96° 0€-02 6 6 Spry

S8'T O€ Il Or TE Ebr 0€-02 6 v dol

Ive 19 96S GOT 0's 02-01 6 6 AomreA

soe OSS LI’ P80 BEF 02-01 6 v adois

910 PEE SBT LTT - 02-01 6 € apis

6Tl LLE 91% 980 96% 02-01 6 6 spre

18°] Sve SSt 980 69% 02-01 6 v dot

170 EBL 98069 01-0 6 6 AOTTeA

Ly't Sly te ET «98% 01-0 6 ¥ adors

€£€°0 16% = p9'T THT OST 01-0 6 € apis

€e'l 9 of% €L0 evZ 01-0 (-B4fours) Aioedeo —-§ 6 apr

esl Ct no + 2 01-0 —- eBueyoxa uoneo canoe «6 v doz,

soo = 80s: OOE'D HE. 0€-07 6 6 AOTEA

10'0 1z0 900-600 -—s«60°0 0£-07 6 v odors

€00 €10 00 90°0 200 0-02 6 € apis

100 = 90s OD SOD SOO 0€-02 6 6 oapny

100 = 8€0— SOO LTO ZT 0€-02 6 v do

900 140 910 970 o€0 02-01 6 6 AoTeA

100 = LT'0—s «80°09: 80"0— 800 02-01 6 ¥ adors

400 = s1Z0sLO'0s«-BO'D—sCTTO 02-01 6 € opis

£00 €270 00 80°0 80°0 07-01 6 6 o8prd

100 = €7'0 400 O10 = 600 02-01 6 v doy,

€r0 980 =er0 20 = SHO 1-0 6 6 AOE A

v0 = eh LTO GTO O70. oI-0 6 v adors

810 ev «ZOE. OI-0 6 € pls

soO 20 S10 900 v1°0 OI-0 6 6 oapry

700 8e0 @0 070 170 01-0 @Au) unpey 6 v doy,

e066 STE EBT «COT 69'T 0€-0@ 6 6 AdTIeA

Ly'l slb tt 9F0 LH 0€-0@ 6 v adojs

910 EE SBT POL «HTT 0€-02 6 € apis .

SUT LLE = EBT OOT Sez 0€-07 6 6 osphi

Lt Sty we €L0 Ive 0€-02 (34fous) unurunjy — 6 v doL pur] — s[osr{N euoipues snoaoeyny,

ul xe ueipay~ =ds ue, (ws) ONsuo}oBIeYOUSMIETY ssn0g u aig su0z Jeplo [log Tepoyeu juored
yidoq ONT Jospue AZoj0eD

78


Soava] WO, uoIpuws snosoeNL — SJOSMIN IMS = BZ_—sTHB OGIZ «SEL oh OOS'S Ss SE'ET vail
Suowpues snosoegny — Sfosmi IMS «BT'S SG IL OSOT OIL vsil (%) usy voisoku vkoyy
se 0 880 80 $ wo Ls0 AI (09/8) Ausuap poof, pyofipucs8 osoyy
ung f& 28 96 v6 8 SrO 176 aul
apeys fr 968 ONEl G6EOr 8 IST 6L0I aul
ums fy SUEl pel eSbl 8 96% HST Om
apes fy ltvl tle 861 8 LO Ez'Er oul
apeys fy Sell 869% Ie tt Ise sole NVI .
ee Orel O6ET SI'6T «ZI LOE ER'ET III (8a) unisseiog
ung f& Icl el Stl 8 0 91 aul
‘peys f& ocl Srl stl 8 O10 et aul
ung f& sot wz vt 8 90 Hz Pini
apeys f& wil gt wz $8 OO MZ Reyiie
apeys & ie we BE UU WO we RVI
& we 195 Ory Zt 880 ISP Wil (Baan) snsoydsoyg
ung f& £0 LEO v0 $ WO SEO Eun
opeus fy 870 wo %0 $ soo £0 al
ung fy tO 90 870 $ S00 670 Petit
preys fy L00 OPO %0 $ Soo £0 Our
apeys f& 60 6It al £ 600 90 BVI
ee sO 060 40 L£ LO OL0 IIIT (6) wo8ontn
ung fe wr 8% SZ 8 HO bt au
apeys fy tl Ore 1 8 990 wz ali
ums f& rl 122 0% 8 0 0% our
apes f& esl oye O61 8 €L0 82% OU
opeys fy 9E PS OF ZI ITT Oly HUI
fy 660 pee SE ZI SEO REC IVI = @ Sut) unysouseyy
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‘peus fy I9€l STLE LST 8. aur
uns fy 90% 29 LE 8 Pepi
apeys fy pelt 1889 B09 8 feyiia
apeys &y SY 866 LhOL aL RVI
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susodap [eiantty —SjosmOW IPS Zh I VIL Bu) wnisserog
susodep [eiAniiy — SjosIOW «SPS T pedis
susodop [eIAnyTy —S[OsTIOW «IPS Zh I VU (BBs) smroydsoug
susodsp [elanfiy soso JPS_—Zh I OM
susodsp [eianfiy —SjosmOW SPS Zh i VU — (8/Bur) umisouzeyy
susodop [eianyTy —S[OstJOWM IPS} I tom
susodep [erAniiy — S[osmOW SPS 7 I VU @Au) unpyeD
uorysodwosap dep py 8 «SBT WOE | 6ItOS, vill
wonisoduiosap Aep / 8 OZ SSE TS. vil
SOABO] USO] se Sct OTe BZ VU (Aun) umysseiog
Uontsodurosap Aep #1 8 090 SOI 880 8 § VU
wonrsodurosep Aep /, 8 60 LOL ROS. vul
SOABO] YSOIE se 190 SOL O80 §¢ VIL = (@/But) stsoydsoyg
uorysodurosap Aep p| x lel eet Oe VUE
uopysoduiosap Aep 1 x OSL OZ COOZSSCS: vil
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wontsodurosap Aep 1 se «LOT Ub OE OS Vill
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So10N, [eusyeu quored pio flog ouoz somos UI xe uerpow u = qs uray, ‘onssty, uous soteds
Joypue £80095) ONT

30


ozo = ole O61 POT OFT SL-0S SI € ran
06'T OL9 «08% 99% ENE SE-0E SI € aL
08h O8IT O0'OT 00% L8°6 01-0 (848w) snroydsoyg = $1 € ran
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ovr =OL'r Svy SeO Sry SI-0 SI z ysor0,J “90g Bun0 x
ose 06°€ O6E 900 LE SL-0S SI € aL
ove Olb O08 70 LBE SE-0€ ST € ran
Ole 00'F O8E STO EB'E 01-0 (ow (ED Hd ST € aL
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oes OLS oss 870 OS's O€-ST SI z you0,] “90g SuNOX,
00's os = OES tH OOE'S sI-0 sl z youoy ‘ag UNO,
oer Os 00S O10 00'S $L-0S st € aL
oor 00S 06% 170 EF SE-0€ st € aL
Ory O1S 06% 9€0 OB OI-0 COW (CDH st € aL
98°0 Tel 671 090 621 Os-0€ st z walog “00g uno,
70 2860 LETT: «OTT (ONT O€-ST ST z aosog “99g Buno x
6rg £78 1%78 €0°0 178 SI-0 SI z ysa1oy ‘99g BuNoA,
9€°0 19°0 8r0 E10 80 SL-0S SI € aL
ss0 POE BIT 6@1 6ST S€-0€ st € aL
90°€ 8'E soe ZO PIE 01-0 (%) soneut o1ue31Q CT € aL
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Os'T O6'PI OF PSL 079 S€-0€ SI € aL
08's OL6l OvOI 80 LOTT oI-0 (@y/8un) osouezuew S| € Pan
810 OFT vL0 6L0 LO Os-0€ sI z ysouog ‘dag Buno,,
96°0 StL IVT 070 ITT O€-sI st z yer ‘99g BuN0X,
ZrO PO'T sso S90 8s0 SI-0 st z yar “09g uno x,
zwo0 = 910s S00 L00—s-80°0 SL-0S SI € ral
10°0 400 soo €0'0 S00 SE-0€ st € aL
s0'0 IO = 90°0- - €0°0—s_L0°0 01-0 (BS) unjsousep ST € Pa
90°0 £70 v0 z10 1-0 Os-0€ st z yor0g “99g Bun0 x
600 O£€0 610 v0 610 O€-ST st z yoy “90g Buno,,
80°T WT Ol svO OFT SI-0 SI z yoy ‘90g SuNo A,
400) LT'0 600 soo 110 $L-0S SI € ra
sto 86'°0 610 Lv0 Pr0 S€-0€ (8/8) vos] ST € FAL PWT — sposH{N suorspues snosseyynL
UI xe ueIpy «ds ues, (wo) ONsLo}BIeYO/USWeTY song u aS 2U0Z Joplo [log yeuoyew yuored

wndeq

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Jospue AZojoaH



sureBoxdAxo soapo ‘sorkydocig, 9 Of0 TET 9 Seo OO si (%) wo80nIN
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sureSoydAro sompo ‘sarkydodsg, 9% «800 v0 8 60 £70 si
sureBoydAso sompo ‘sorkydocig, 9% 800 260 9 sto 6r0 Sil
suregoydAro sampo ‘sakydoksg 9% «GEO 980 9 910 790 su (3Bu)esouesuey
sureBoydAso samp ‘sarkydoxsg, oe €S:0 PZ or iso ET si
sureBordAro somo ‘sovkydosig 9¢ LO LT 8 %0 vel sit
suredordiso Joyo ‘soukydodig 9¢ EL «SET 9 SEO Loe St
suregordéro somo ‘soucydodsg, 9% «CLT BOE 9 sro IST SH (38uy) wntsousep
sureBojdhxo sompo ‘sandydocig, 9% eT OS FL or use sos Sit
sureBoydkso rompo ‘sankydossg, 9% 9” 90'9T 8 6h LITT sil
sureSordéxo roypo ‘sacydodrg, 9% 96 OE 9 89L  EOLI stl
suredoxdAxo sampo ‘sorkydoxrg 9 ULL LH Le 9 UE 19% si (80) woxy
suregoxdAio somo ‘sakydosig 9% 80 bby Or SIT 87% su
suredordAro samo ‘sovkydodig, 9% IPO 18Z 8 180 EST si
sure8oxd Axo samo ‘sorkydoxrg 9% 650 HLT 9 O¥O wT su
suredoxdAxo somo ‘serkydoxig 9% «190 WE 9 Pl zs su (Aw) une
sure8oydhro xampo ‘sordydodig, 9% 8671 €1'99 8 GLI 8ZLE sil
sureSoydAro sampo ‘sorkydoxig 9% «TE OZ —98'S8 8 LI0Z 96°05 sit
ssuredoxdAro sompo ‘sarkydoig 9% = OVEL 6B'LL 9 sxzZ 4909 sil
suregoidAro sa1po ‘sakydokig, 9% «LY I9 EO'EL bv 60S 8689. SI (%) us
sureZoxdAro soupo ‘saxydosig, 9% «69% «ETI Or we 8c su -
sureBordAro sono ‘sarkydodsg, 9% £89 HS'OT 8 OF 167 Stl
sureZordéio soypo ‘sorkydoArg, 9% «897 ENEZ 9 S88  P8'6T su
sure8oxdAx0 say ‘sakydoxig, 9% POHL LEE 9 9 EL sit (@fau) unununty sarkydokug
Ie 1 £e9 vil (8/Aw) winisseiog
Te 1 610 vl ay: snioydsoyd
le I 660 eis (%) vosonIN
le I z0 vil (3Bw)esouesuey
Te 1 991 vil = (8A) unisousey
le I £€0 vil (@/3un) wor
Ie i L614 vl (Saux) umpped
Ie I sr vil (6) 4Sv
Te I oso vil Aur) ununty sponauosg
eg susodop jeanity sjosmoW IPS ZHH'S OLS IS «= ZSTO C'S pul
soaea| PIO susodep [eianty soso IPS ZHCEY'SE «SOOT «LTT «-ZLO BTN VIL
SOAR] SINICA susodap eanfty —SJOSTJOW IPS ZhHHTT «LOT «ETSI 9) LOE (OFEL VU
saava] w9U NPY susodep [eantty — SJOSMOW SPS ZpSLB'TT HST CET TCO EC HT batts (8a) umisseiog
weg susodep Teanfty Jost IPS ZH STO ZO sdIZO ZOO IO pul
SoA] PIO suisodop [elanfty SJOsMIOW IPS ZhMHO SHO HO ZOO WHO VU
Saaea] INTEL suisodap [eIAnyTy  SJOSTOW IPS CED 9S HO 9 0 SHO VU
sonwo MOU IINPY, susodop any — SJOSIOW SPS CTW LO SSO ZOD SSO VII (88a) snsoydsoyg
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SOABa] SNIP susodop feangty — SJOsMOW IPS Ze OT LT 9 G00 OST VU
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eg suisodep [eanyy S[OMOW SPS tHE «OSE CLE ZOOL pur
sone] PIO susodop feianty SfosmOW SPS ZhOCOHE CIWS SHY ZLOB VU
SOABO] SINICA suisodep TeAnyTy —S|OSTOW IPS ty GY «OR SS 9 LOS VU
soaway mou IInPY suisodep [euanyy SjosmOW IPS tH: CISE = ZOOS VI (8 un) umnjsouseyy
weg suisodap [eiantty — SfOSHOW SPS ONT BS6Z OBZ «ZC GORT tol
Seat] PIO suisodap [eIAnTTY —S[OSHIOW IPS ty HL'LZ STOE §©=—96'BZ TCE (B6'87 VIL
soava] ame susodep Reuanty — S[OSMOW SPS @HOCETOT NET MET 9 LOE IS Vu
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AT P/e ssejo-Aeoap poom auoyspues snosseNL —-SOSBIN IMS = ST ZNO POH OT BO LTT aul (8un) umisseiog pinpuad viparuyosyiog
‘S210N Jeuoveur jusred § Jopio flog au0z somnog UN = xeW ups us onsst, quowle[y satoods

Jospue £Z0j00

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OO'T COIL O00'SE 0OGE OO'SE 0€-02 6 v doy,
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00%  —«OO'SZ_—=sOCO'ST_-OO'ZI_—-0O'FT 02-01 6 v adors
00% = O0"ST._—«:00°8_-:00°9 (006 07-01 6 € apis
OO'T —00'8S_-——OO'FT_ OO'IZ = 001 0z-01 6 6 osprey
00'€  —00'S_-—=—«OO'wH OO'SZ ~—O0'EZ 0z-01 6 € doy,
OO'TE 0019  O0'EZ 0O'9T 00'LZ 01-0 6 6 AoE
00°9 «= 00'9E_-—:OO'WT. «ODE = OO'LT 01-0 6 v adois
00°01 0061-008 00'S ~=—00"ST oI-0 6 € apis
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OO'E = «0.U"B”_—=OOTZ OO'IZ 00°E 01-0 (84/8un) esoueduep «6 v doy
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€00 9€0 O10 910 SIO 0-02 6 v adors
zoo = LT'10——s«LOO.s«-80'0_—-80°0 0£-07 6 € apis
yoo = €9°0——s«*OT0s B00 0€-07 6 6 spray
€00 L4S0 60° 970 61'0 0€-07 6 y doy
600 = £70 STO POO HT 07-01 6 6 AqTeA
£00 670 O10 ZO £10 0z-01 6 y adors
£00 20 O10 110 ZO 07-01 6 € apis
soo €10 600 €0°0 60°0 0z-01 6 6 spray
yoo = 8E'0- «600-90 STO 0z-01 6 € doy,
Ifo = T€0~— «ZO 90D 6 T'0 oI-0 6 6 AaqTeA
400 = 970s LOOT LTO 01-0 6 v adors
400 = 8@0—s 20-00 01-0 6 € apis
v0'0 170 «EO S00 Z1'0 01-0 6 6 apna
£0°0 1€'0 800 €10 £10 01-0 (@/Bu) unjsousew 6 ¥ doy
oro = ps ZED STO OCTE'O 0€-02 6 6 Aare A
wo 8 0600ST = z80 £90 #80 0€-02 6 v adors
110 = OO LEO O9T'0— «60 0€-02 6 € apis
800 L460 @%0 820 z£0 0-02 6 6 eapra
rl0 = 6809S EO WS0 0€-0z 6 v doy
170 = 6L'0—sLEDs LTO“ 02-01 6 6 Aare A
870 ETL “ZT O@E EL 02-01 6 v adois
v0 Z9'T €s0 790 880 02-01 6 € apis
€70 OL €v0 9v0 LS0 02-01 6 6 aapry
wo | 8ST LLO0 S90 €8°0 02-01 6 v doy
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uA xe ueipsy «ds ues (wo) oNsHo}BIeYSAUsWE[| soINOg u aig 9U0Z JopsO jog yeuoyeur yuored
widoq Dial Joypue AZojoax)

79


00°b7 81-0 Il T ‘UpULID URS sjosnug sysodep etantry
09°8e 81-0 IL 1 sensed sjosndoouy
00°%r 81-0 Il I sefey sjosndaouy
00°LT 81-0 ia I ofoy oqed sjosnin
08% 8I-0 Il T eueoer sjostdaouy
09°€% 81-0 It T ugoesy jug S[OSI]JOW{ UOIspuEs snosoRyN]
09°87 81-0 I I peprusieny = JPS — S[OSTHIOA, Su sour]
Or'71 81-0 Il I seones sjosidoouy sysodep yoyuelg
0L'6 81-0 IT T ‘epeuasug S[OSITTOW
067 81-0 ai I ound susodop jeranty
Oz ez 81-0 Il I endekeQ = jws STOSUTV 3yMy “eaeT
OL’61L 81-0 It I euNHOy JME  — S[OSIWUG UOJspuRs snoaoeyn],
08°61 81-0 I I eAnker sjosnin syoor oruo3nyd
07 LO 81-0 Il 1 eARTeAL sjostjdeouy ouoysy[Is ‘ouoyspueg
09°67 81-0 I I seuljoD STOSTTIOW sysodep yeraniTy
09°€T 81-0 Il I souoUuld DUOIS|[IS ‘oUO}spueg
ors 81-0 Il 1 our sjosnug susodop jerantty
OO IL 81-0 ai if Boag BURqeS sjosnin. susodop yoyuelg
Lz 81-0 iat I POL STOSHTTOW —stisodap yeranity
ov'st 81-0 It if vsourdsg susodop yoyuelg
OT 1e 81-0 It I ogekeny sfosnin.
o8s's 81-0 Il T 210[S] STOSITY suisodep [erantTy
OnLz 81-0 II I BB919) sjosHUq  sUOIS|[Is ‘ouO\spurg
OL'6E 81-0 Il I oquesmuyy sqosnin
08" rz 81-0 at T 0105 S[OSIXO
08's 81-0 Il I sony IS sjosuq uo}soWTT
O7Le 81-0 (%) eID I odin STOSIXO, aiunuedses
6ET 81-0 It I PA jus S[OSyTV suOIspues‘snosoEyN],
Srl 81-0 ia 1 SOATA, sjosndeouy ym ‘vary
89'T 81-0 ia I aroyeW «PS = S|OSITY —stisodap [erantty
evel 81-0 II 1 sae = jug gny ‘eART
orl 81-0 af T osuoly = PS SJOSH[A, auospues‘su0}si|I¢
671 81-0 I I UpUaD UES sjosnug —— stisodep jerantty
svt 81-0 Il I sendep
€@'l 81-0 Il I seley sjostdoouy
ol 81-0 at if ofoy ogra sjosnin
821 81-0 Il I pueoes sjostdoouy
9aT 81-0 (00/8) Ausuap ying LT if ues JUS —S[OSTTTOI  SUOIspues snoseIINL,
ul xe ueipa ds uray (urs) ONsHa}OeIeYyOUSWETY soMog  u aug e0zZ  Jepso [Iog Tevoyeur juased
widoq ayy so/pue £30j095

85


Table 6—Analytical methods"

Sample Analysis Reference

Soil Available-aluminium, calcium, magnesium, sodium Hunter 1974
Available-iron, manganese, phosphorus, potassium Hunter 1974
Total-aluminium, calcium, iron, magnesium, manganese, Huang and Shulte 1985

phosphorus, potassium, sodium

Loss on ignition Wilde and others 1979
Nitrogen Page 1982a
Organic matter Page 1982b
pH (H,0-KCl) Southern Coop. Series 1983

Vegetation Aluminum, calcium, cobalt, iron, magnesium, manganese, Huang and Shulte 1985;
nickel, phosphorus, potassium, sodium Chapman and Pratt 1979a
Ash Wilde and others 1979:
Nitrogen ‘Chapman and Pratt 1979b
Wood density ASTM 1968

“Details on variations in methodology are available upon request.


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Appendix 5—Elemental
Composition by Species
in Litter Fall

The following figures show the concentration of elements by
species in litter fall. The numbers on the horizontal axes
correspond to species numbers listed in Appendix 2. The
graphs are intended to provide a quick overview of the range
of values obtained and outliers.

3.0 T
O Leaves
© Wood
2-57 Vim Flowers & truts
A_Miscettaneous °
= 20 7
x °
© :
<
2 15 "oA A
2 |8 a 8 g oe
1.0 g 8
Bo QQ
05 ° : A
a 8
0.0
Oo 30 60 90 120 150
Species
10
O Leaves
D Wood
87 | Ml Flowers & fruits
A. Miscellaneous
Ss
2 6 ° 01
7 °
§ é&°
E ‘ ° °
a A
i 5 age
2 8 oO
7
.
0
0 30 60 90 120 150
Species

Appendix 6—Elemental
Composition by Soil Order

The total concentration of various elements in ultisols for the
group of 81 samples is shown in Table A6. The figures
show data on mean concentration of elements and other
constituents in different types of soil; data on other character-
istics, such as bulk density and effective cation exchange
capacity, are also shown. The values in parentheses refer to
the number of samples.

Table A6—Total concentration of
elements in ultisols

Element Concentration
Aluminum (%) 12.16
Calcium (mg/kg) . 2,383
Tron (%) 8.23
Magnesium (%) 0.64
Manganese (%) 0.15
Potassium (mg/kg) 557
3
2 2 1.96 (288) 4
&
J
E
=
p14 |
=
0.11 (2) 0.12 (3) 0.06 (1)
0 IF AF at
Aifisols  Mollisols —_Ultisols_—_-Vertisols
2
1.56 (5)
_ 1.33 (6) 4.31 (2) 1,35 (1
8
3 1 1.01 (116) 1.08 (21) 1.04 (160)
3
z
a

oO
Atfisols Entisols Inceptisols Mollisols Oxisols Ultisols_Vertisols

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ly LEOL OZ «LBZ SOLE OKT VU (Bun) wunusseiog mypdydossom viuaraing
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so7pute £80j095, oa



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le I 901 aii NO
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susodop [eanfiy —S[OSHJOW SPS Zh 0S'6 ull
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sonea] MOU NPY susodep Teianyly —SjosOW IPS T 8811 Vill (Gon) umisseiog
susodap Tanly SOSMIOW PS ZHCL'D,sWOT LOC 6€0 Ol
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sonea] Mou yMpY susodep feianyiy — SfosmOW SPS Uy 88° VU (q) va8onIN
ssodap [eiAnity — SJOSIOW SPS Zh 9% Ul
soneay amie susodop feianyy soso SPS CHO SLT TET OL WHO VI
sonea] Mou NPY susodep Any — SJOSMOW «SPS ty iat VIN ut) unisousey
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Suoyspues snosowyjn], ——S]OSHIY IMS BT if 090 Ost
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auoyspues snosoeyn|, —SJOSDINN JMS BZ T LUT Osi (q) we8onIN sysuasoay vyyounuta
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do/pue K0;09D rT

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STO 980 820 z0 6€0 00I-s8 Ol v
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v0 L0H LTO EO. s€-0 (%) Tol-wHD Ol OT .
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100 = EZ'Z——sBTO EL 880 09-Sz Or Ol
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82


15

susodep [eanyy —S[OSIOW «IPS Zh 1 Ol (Baw) wine)
SOABO|IINPE PIO orspuws snosdeyn], ouowsouuT] JS OF if VI yaw) unuay pasos DISD
urges: sjosndeouy 6 «ee 8S9 | SDE OBLO aul
eueqes sjosndoouy 6 lt 8€¢ 9% TLIO VU (8A) umnysseiog
Burges sjosideouy se 190 690 890 € 100 all
eueqes sjosndsouy 6 oro 70 10 Zz 910 QI == Aus) snsoydsoyg
eueqes sjospdeouy 6 sro wo 0 «2 EO ail
urges sjosndeouy 6€ 680 Ler ert 2 v0 Vill (%) ve8onN
purges sjosndeouy 6 «€h6 FZ «OL «% (OCT Et
Burges sjosndeouy 6e «6LST WLI «ENOT «7 BET VU (Bun) wn1oeD
vues sjosndeouy 6 «19% fhe | =6WE 60% BSO alll
vueqes sjosndeouy 6e T vil (%) usv sysuauis smanty
susodep feianity — [OSI IPS Zh 1 ‘Our
Sava] YNpy — aoIspuEs snosdeyN], ouo\soWT] JUS OF if Vill
sysodop [eiantty = SJOSTOW IPS Zh 1 VIL (3/8) umisseiog
susodop [Panty —SJosTOW SPS 1 TUL — (B/Bur) stuoydsoyg
soavg| ynpy — UoIspues snosoeyn] uoysoUNIT gus OY I VU (Bar) [XIN
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susodep TranyTy —SjosmOW IPS ZY if bey
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susodsp eianfy —SjosmJOW SPS) Zh if toll
soawa[ IIMpy — UOISpUWS snosdeyN], uoIsmMT] WS OF i Vil
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Soava] INP  BUOISpues snoaoeyIN], suoIseUT JS OF 1 VI = (@44u) wnurumyy ndivvoytx autssoy
Ze «BOE OSSETD LOGE om
Ze 86L «OF «HT LOWS ail
we Ley «IBZE «SEZ GOT vu (8/Bun) umisseiog
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Jo/pure 801095

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L10 €v'l 921 1e0 cami Ios goepMs paqunusiqg
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180 1 I daap paqumstpuy),
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yideq ONT Jospue ABofoep

sajdwes 10S Jo SoNSLE}ORIeUD

57


Table 3—Chemical composition of plant tissue—con.

Manganese Nickel Nitrogen Potassium Phosphorus Sodium Wood density
Tissue (mg/kg) (ug/g) (%) (mg/g) (mg/g) (mg/g) (g/cc)
Branches 1,360-10 2.68-0.02  25.30-0.02 2.32-0.01 1.06-0.18
Climber 120 0.39 6.33 0.19
Coarse woody debris 0.31-0.08 2,140.20 0.18-0.08
Flowers & fruits 3.43-0.36 — 16.80-0.65 2.03-0.78
Leaves 1,113-5  69.75-2.35 4.15-0.04  38.00-0.60 3.44-0.03  56.34-2.00
Canopy 4.57-3.27
Mature-canopy 1.80-0.48 — 23.99-0.80 5.61-0.21
Mature-shade 4 61-37 1,71-1.62  10.72-8.21 0.77-0.60
Leaves-Other 4.30-3.05
Shade 1.59-0.93  26.38-4.99 3.64-0.77
Litter fall
Flowers & fruits 2,50-0.54 — 11.37-0.49 1.59-0.37  14.65-3.32
Leaves 1,48-0.46 9.13-0.28 0.88-0.07 30.63-6.72
Miscellaneous 0.78-0.41 4.78-3.00 0.44-0.21 12.88-7.76
Wood 1.01-0.61 9.90-0.20 0.61-0.02 —13.59-5.09
Loose litter
Bark 0.54-0.25 2.50-0.86 0.17-0.07
Flowers & fruits 2.08-0.17 5.18-0.59 2.74-0.11
Leaves 2.26-0.24 — 10.50-0.78 0.83-0.11
Miscellaneous 1,580.23 6.48-0.94 0.96-0.21
Wood 1.56-0.15 3.81-0.62 0.68-0.05
Miscellaneous 13.89-11.10
Moss 1,420-40 1.43-0,24 6.31-1.25 1.79-0.20
Other 1.65-0.78 — 20.68-2.25 1.15-0.22
Roots 90 2.63-0.14 — 13.60-4.60 2.05-0.12
Shrubs 0.70-0.52 5.90-3.00 0.22-0.14
Trunk 330-10 2.43-0.06 44.13-0.30 —-2.48-0.01
Bark 0.70-0.20  22.28-5.02 1,01-0.01
Sapwood 3.39-2.59
Twigs 8.53-4.44 1,18-0.02



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wideg ow] Joppue KZ0j035

74


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65


(44

Life

Geology and/or

Species Element Tissue Mean SD on Median Max Min Source zone Soilorder parent material Notes
Ditta myricoides Ash (%) Ic 0.14 1 31
Calcium (mg/g) IA 5.63 1 31
IB 3.63 1 31
TIC 0.89 1 31
CIN INB 35 1 31
mic 420 1 31
Tron (mg/g) A 0.14 1 31
TB 0.07 31
Ic 0.07 31
Magnesium (mg/g) ‘ILA 442 31
IB . 31
Ic 31
Manganese(mg/g) THA 31
IB 31
mic 1 31
Nitrogen (%) IB 1 31
ptetes 1 31
Phosphorus (mg/g) IIA i 31
TB 1 31
Ic 1 31
Potassium (mg/g) TA 1 31
IB 1 31
IHc 1 31
Drypetes glauca Ash (%) TMB 153 087 3 1.09 2.53. 0.97 18 Swf Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone Wood decay-class 3 SD
TB 1.83 1 18 Swf  Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone Wood decay-class 2
‘Calcium (mg/g) IB 3.330 «1370 3 2.70 490 2.40 18 Swf Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
IMB 447 1 18 = Swf Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
Nitrogen (%) mB 0.24 0.17 3 0.14 044 0.14 18 Swf — Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
IB 0.31 1 18 Swf  Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
Phosphorus (mg/g) IB 0.14 O11 3 0.09 0.28 0.07 18 Swf Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
IB 0.22 1 18 Swf — Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone
Potassium (mg/g) INB 032 0.18 3 0.28 052 0.17 18 Swf  Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone Wood decay- ass 3 sD
TB 0.30 1 18 Swf —Ultisols Tuffaceous sandstone Wood decay-class 2
Enterolobium cyclocarpum Wood density (g/cc) IIB 037 0.01 5 0.37 0.38 0.37 35
Erithalis fructicosa Calcium (mg/g) A 963 462 2 9.71 13.68 13.68 42 Sdf Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
IA 11.08 2.90 11 11.53 14.87 2.88 42 df Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
Magnesium (mg/g) TILA 085 046 2 083 134 042 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
INA 2.72 0.63 IL 2.60 4.09 1.66 42 Sdf — Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
Nitrogen (%) INA 0.87 0.08 2 0.87 0.94 0.80 42 Sdf Moliisols Adult new leaves
WA 0.72 0.09 iL 0.71 0.91 0.62 42  Sdf Mollisols Mature leaves
Phosphorus (mg/g) TMA 054 024 2 0.54 0.75 033 42  Sdf Mollisols Adult new leaves
0.25 0.06 11 0.26 0.34 0.15 42  Sdf Mollisols Mature leaves
Potassium (mg/g) 834 0.73 2 8.29 913° 7.65 42  Sdf Mollisols Adult new leaves
MA 936 197 11 846 12.79 6.76 42 Sdf Mollisols Mature leaves
Erythroxylum aerolatum Calcium (mg/g) 15.73 1 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
20.26 2.11 6 19.95 23.50 17.06 42 df Mollisols Alluvial deposits
Magnesium (mg/g) 1.63 1 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
333° 051 7 3.34 4.12 232 42  Sdf Mollisols_ Alluvial deposits
Nitrogen (%) 2.26 1 42° Sdf — Mollisols Aviad oe Adult new leaves
169 0.21 6 1.76 1.92 1.40 42 Sdf —Mollisols
Phosphorus (mg/g) 1.38 1 42 Sdf — Mollisols ‘1 pee Adult new leaves
081i O15 7 0.78 1.07 0.63 42  Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits
Potassium (mg/g) 15.06 1 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves



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100 = 600 soo 90°0 soo O€-0 v1 z yoo B[fuekend sdurems
z0'0 0€-0 v1 if ol] POUND ~— PE _—_STOSTTTOW susodep JerAniTy

£0°0 6€0 600 ZO +10 0€-0 cat g qsosog voerefeng
100 =%70 = 900 Z0—soO1'0 ZI-0 tat € yoroy vowefen jug suoisounTy
10°0 0-0 cal if ze eueNf ‘uaTTy Hoy PS soso, susodep jeranity
910 0-0 (3w) voy pT I yao oyoerequied susodep yeyuelg
676 0€-0 bal I sonbot a, STOSIJTY sUO}S|[Is ‘suOIspueg
LULE Ph69 «GID ESOT 09'S 0€-0 vI € yoloy ensng — jurg ‘suoyspues snosoeyny,
918s 0€-0 cat U wsolog ofeqy ory IMS SjOSTITA, suoisoult]
98'sS 1659 68°09 IIL 68°09 0-0 v1 z quo BTTuedend sdurems
$687 0€-0 v1 I Joloy BOUND =— PS STOSHTTOW =—suiSOdap yerAnTTy

6591 IS0h LOGE BSEL 9zZE 0€-0 v1 8 arog eoerefeny
v2'ST SBS = GE'OE 89°81 6H BE ZI-0 v1 € isoro,J vowefen Jug au sour
pese O£-0 (,-34fows) Ayoedeos =p] I zejq eueny ‘uaTy HOY = =JPS —-SOSTIIOA, susodop [erantry
86'rT O€-0 = eBueyoxe uones eanoayA pT I yoro,y oyoepequied susodep reyuelg
OL'tz 0€-0 v1 I sonbor, S[OSITY euOISTIs ‘suoIspueg
OL0E —09"s9 179 @ 61 O8'zs 0€-0 v1 € iolog ensng wg ‘suojspues snossEyynL,
Ov'sT 0€-0 v1 I iorod ofeqy ory JMS sjOSI, HM “eae
0L9 OFT ve 198E O0O'rE 0€-0 fat z yorog BTueAeND sduremg
ors 0-0 cal I Waroy BOUND ~— PE _—STOSTTTOW susodep Jerantty

OSL O7EL SOLE TRE 99'LE 0€-0 at 8 wosog eoryefenp
OL9 = OTE = OS'LI ETI o€H'BI ZI-0 v1 € worog wowrefeng jug auoysouITy
0z"0r 0-0 v1 T Zeyq eueNy ‘udTTY HO IPS _—-sfostEA susodop [erantty
Or'€ez 0€-0 (%) AID if ysoroy oyserequied susodep requelg
stl 0€-0 v1 I sonbora STOSHTY oUOISTTIS ‘ouO\spueg
v60 = hHT €vl 670 Let 0-0 v € qsolog ensng — Jung uoyspurs snosdeyynL,
66°01 0-0 fat I isorog ofeqy ory Jug sys ‘auoysoulyT
L9°8 696 816 %0 816 0€-0 @Aw) une pT z orog BTueKeND =— IPS S[OSTTIOW. sduems
uy, xr ueipaw = dS ueay (wo) oNsHaORIeYyoUSWe[G soNog  uU SNS eU0Z JepsO IOg jeuoqeut yuored
yideg yy Jo/pue K30j09

92


ATE ssejo-Kvoap poom auorspues snooeynL SOs IMS «BIT: CIS COLT CITT LT aul
TZ sseo-Aeoap poom auorspues snoaoeynL —SJOSNIN IMS BI BHD SI'S O'S BHT COL'E ail
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CT ssejo-keoap pom auorspues snosseML —-SfOsMIN IMS = BI TST OST = OT ZOO alll
CTE sseja-Aeoap poom auoyspues snosseNL — SOSNIN. IMS =—BI_sILO SGT SLT 88 LO CELT aU
TZ Sse[-Ke99p poom auoIspues snosseNL —-SosHIN IMS BI OT 9'E = OH'T- BIBO ORT aul
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IZ 9LL 8B'ZI «6TOL «IT €STOvOL
I €€L S9PT : 80% LS
IZ 60'S SEL 6% tE6
IZ wL9 €L0z 6LE STI
St BLE WW ovL  LBIT
% ve 66PT £50 191
wz «(SEG Ev Oe vLO 1661
‘9BULy-SAR9| PIO Ww SS9 WL Ly0 88°97
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vurfes-amyeur 3un0 x WW «BPE -99'KE wo Ly've
BUITeS-SOAEIT MOTIOX @@ = LOZ 0K ; wl 86%
BUITS-SOAva] IWdsOUIS @% «O91 9T'9T ; 600 609
eurfes-soaeay aNIeU PIO we «= ¥8'6 «ODOT x £tO 86 (ur) wmipog
a8uny-saaza] amyeur 3un0 x 1% Of 8L¥ : 190 SEE
‘aBULy-saAvay IUa0s9uIg 1% SSb 899 ; yLo 9S
i st 959 - el ty
1% BE E16 ' 00% = BLS
e 66% «ELE s ol 6t9
€ 6% OL 6h S$ 61 GFP
St I6E EOPl BETL S$ 68E 950I
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wz «6 OLOl 196 Z 190 196
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wurfes-aunyew! Bunox, wz 959 099 959 ZZ S00 959
BUITES-SOAL2] MOTIAX, wz 19 OL9 ro 2 wo IPD
BUTTeS-saAva] IaosuIS wZ = €SOl LSOl ssol Z P00 ssOr
Bulfes-SAza] BINIEU PIO, wz ss SS OSS =F ETO OS'S
e8uny-saavay amyeur 3un0 x Ww ws We 068 Z S70 068
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‘aBULJ-SeAvol PIO € eS £86 SEL $$ 6% 199
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sBurpaes oz «OCT «OS% «= O6T (OS OBT
yonuos-seps0g 0% = ONE: «O87 00% L OOF O1@ (3w) umisseog
Teuep IZ ZO brO 670 TT 800 I€0
uooSey aurpesrad AH 1 4€0 960 90 IT wo ES
IZ 1€0 190 8€0 IL 600 oro
@ 70 O20 87oO IT STO 6z0
L460 880 S80 =F «S00 E80
€ SLO 80 «6080 SOOO.
S%@ 6L0 ZT S60 $§ 600 +60
wz 190 90 wo 2 00 z90
wz wo wo wo 2 10 wo
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BUTTeS-SAARI] MOTI wz «0 GO 90 =F HOD HO
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SOON [eusyeur juered §sopso flog au0z somog uy xe ueipeyy ou as mes, onssi, quowayy sotoadg

Jo/pue £20]09

ONT

46


07°69 81-0 Il I ogedeny sosnin.
00°€8 81-0 Il I S10]S] STOSYTV syisodop [eIAniTy
Orly 81-0 Il 1 8399195) s]osnug sUOjsTIIs ‘ouo}spues
Olze 81-0 ai T oquesTwyy sjosnin.
06's 81-0 IL I 0109 s]ostxo
00°16 81-0 Il 1 stony IS sjosnug euoIsowTy
08'S 81-0 (%) pues IT I odin S[OSIXO anunuodieg
80'S 81-0 IT T RA sus S[OSYTY UOspues‘snossejjn],
60L 81-0 Ir I SOATA, sjosidoouy 3gmy ‘eaeT
TLS 81-0 It I aye = PS S[OSUTY susodep [eranily
660 81-0 Il I sopet = jus gm “eae
TL 81-0 Il I osuojy Jps S]OSIIA suo yspues‘ouo}sI{IS
08°9 81-0 IL I uyuaD ue sjosnug —siisodep jeranity
879 81-0 IL I sen3eQ
TOL 81-0 IL I sefey sjosydoouy
78S 81-0 IL if ofoy ogeD sjosnin.
919 81-0 Il 1 eueoer sjosidoouy
80L 81-0 IL I ugloeisy JUS S[OSTTTOI sUOIspues snOsdeIN,
OL 81-0 ai I pepruoery JpS sjosnsoa uo}sou]
60°8 81-0 IL T seoner sjosideouy susodop joxuelg
£78 81-0 ai T epeuosug STOSTTIOW.
98°38 81-0 II T ounq susodop yerAniTy
ely 81-0 isi I engeke jug sjosyTy Jyny ‘eaey
L3'°9 81-0 Il I eunoy jg s]osHUq oUoIspues snosoeRN]L,
€0°9 81-0 II I eknker sqosnin soos otuomntg
sey 8I-0 II I eRe sjosndeouy auojs||Is ‘ouoyspueg
9L 81-0 It I seUur[oD STOSHTIOW —suisodap eranqiy
vis 81-0 Il I souould DUO}sTIIS ‘aUOIspues
978 81-0 Il T oyeeD sjosnuq sysodap yeianiTy
03°9 81-0 I I Boag euRqes sfosnin. syisodop yoyuelg
vos 81-0 IL I POL STOSTTIOW susodop [eranily
LOL 81-0 Ir I vsourdsy susodap yoyuelg
sts 81-0 IT T ogekeng sjosnin.
LBL 81-0 IT I 210]S] stosyfy —-suisodep yeranqty
OLL 81-0 IT I 8390199, Sosug sUo)s|[Is ‘ouoIspueg
18's 81-0 IL I ques sjosntn.
“ss 81-0 IL T 0105 S]OSIXO,
sos 81-0 (OW (iD Hd TT I epnyig jug sjosnuq. auoisoulry
uw xe ueipy «ds ueayW (uu) ONsLojoeeyojueWeyy soIN0g =u ag 9u0zZ JepIo |Iog yeuoyeur quored
. ide OWT Jospue AZojooD

87


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OO'SE 0018 008s  0O'8I 00°65 sI-0 9 6 aud &ngny
OO'Ir 00°88 OCOI8 O00'ST 009 O€-ST 9 6 ‘sag kngn
OO'rZ O0'ES 0O'9E OZ O0'rr sI-0 9 6 “9ag Angn
00°SZ 00'8h Ole ~=— 008s O€-ST 9 6 “sag upUIZnD
OO'EZ OO'EY COTE 008 Ove sI-0 9 6 “90g UyUIZN
OO'rE 00°68 009 000% OLS O€-ST 9 6 PPA Id
00°61 00'8L §=00'6Z = 0:00Z_—s OODLE sI-0 9 6 OpIOA I
ooze 00°09 000F O01 0'Er OE-ST 9 6 AuoSeyeut—Koarey
OO'rE 00'0S + 009% —0O'EL_~—00'8z sI-0 9 6 AuoSeqeur—Aoarey
OO'rE O0'PL COS OCI Oz Of-ST 9 6 aurd uguiznp
00°6Z 00% ~=0OLr ~=00°8_—S «(OE sI-0 RID 9 6 ourd uyuzns,
OO'Or OO'ZLIT OO'8IL OCO'SLZ OO'E6L  OE-ST 9 6 aud &ngny
00°26Z 00°608T 00°896 00'L9 00°796 SI-0 9 6 aud Sagn3
QO'1OS OO'9IES OO'9POI OO'EIST OO'PHSI O€-ST 9 6 sag Angn3
009701 OO'EE69TOO'E6LI OO'~ZZS 00980 SI-0 9 6 ‘sag Angng
00°80L1 00°6z8 00'008E 00'90PZ OO'EEZP OE-ST 9 6 “90g uyurzng
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OO'9EL OO'EEOZ OO'GSEI OO'ESP OO'SSEI Of-ST 9 6 PIO
OO'IEST OO'OSTE OO'9P6I OO'OPS OO'9IIZ  sI-0 9 6 PPA TL
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00°8ZLZ O0'P6SP OO'ZI8E 0O'%P9 OO'OSLE  SI-0 9 6 AuoSeyeur—foarey
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OO'6IL O0'6IHZ OO'BPIT OO'TIS OO'69EI Si-O @x/Sw) ol-wNDD 9 6 ourd uyuzn
OL'S9T OS'E9F OO'9SZ GI'EOL OL'ESZ  OE-ST 9 6 ourd Angn3
OL'SEl O%L8r O1'89%  S8601 6r'00E sI-0 9 6 autd kngng
0L'66 OE'ZOET OGLLZ GO'ORE 16°88  O£-ST 9 6 “sag Angng,
OL'PTE OL'6LOZ OG'ES  SO'LLS Ev'OI8 $I-0 9 6 sag Angng
OV'ESL OP'SSEI OS9L BIEPh LO'SSL OE-ST 9 6 “90g upuizn
OO'LED OL'9PST OF 96 768% Gr'EZOI SI-0 9 6 “20g ugUIZn
OS OEl OI'SSh OZ ILI EvZOI OT'8IZ  O€-SI 9 6 POA ia
O@LZZ ONESS OG ITH EL LOL vL'BRE sI-0 9 6 PIA
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09°L09 09°9ZZI OZ'8EB —66'EST P6'9LE SI-0 9 6 Auoseyeut—Koarey
OVEET OTL OO'ZEE IL'8L EP'PSE  OE-ST 9 6 ourd uywizn5
O8'PZE 06699 069SP B9PII E'OLD sI-0 (@ysu) unp 9 6 eurd upwizng
v60 Pll POL 900 = SO O€-SI (00/8) Ausuep MG = 9G aud Angnd jug s]ostyj) euorspues snoeoeyny,
uA xe ueIpayy as ueay (wo) ONsHoBIeyIAUeWETG smog =u 2g euoZ JEpIO [log [evoyeur yuored
indeq Etat Jo/pue ABojoaH



00°ze 81-0 Il I seul[o STOSTIOW —suisodep jelantTy
00°ST 8I-0 IL I souould s[OsHUg  dsUOIS||IS ‘ouO\spueg
O16 81-0 IL I over sjosnuq susodep yeranty
09'FI 81-0 Ir I Boag euRqeS stosnin susodap yoyueTg
oz'Es 81-0 II it vol, SostToW —suisodep yeranity
O1'6t 81-0 Il I vsourdsg susodap yoyueTg
09°6 81-0 I I ogexenp, sposnin
OT IT 81-0 Il if 10|s] slOsuTY susodap [eranqiy
Oz le 81-0 Il I 8399199, sosnug sUuoIs|[Is ‘ouojspueg
07°87 81-0 IL I oquelTy sjosnin.
07°97 81-0 IL I 0105 s[OsIxO
Oc'e 81-0 IL T spnTyIs sjosnug Quo}soUT']
00°LE 81-0 (%) MIS IT I odin S[OSIXO ayunuedisg
or'er 81-0 Il I RIA jug S[OSTY sUOjspues‘snosoesjn
06°€€ 81-0 It T SOATA, sjosndeouy 33M “BART
Orly 81-0 IL T aye PS s[osyTy susodop yerany
os'Is 81-0 Il T seet jus 3M CART
06°€€ 81-0 Il I osuoly = PS S]OSHI — auOIspues‘ouOIsIIS
07°6E 81-0 Il T UpUOD UeEg sjosnugq sysodep yerantty
06°82 81-0 I Tt sended,
06°€7 81-0 I T sefey sjosndaouy
Oris 81-0 ai I ofoy oqed sjosnin
08°97 8I-0 IL I purser sjosidoouy
Orgs 81-0 Il T UgIRIsy JUS S[OST]TOW, eUOIspues snoeoesyny,
OL ty 81-0 It I Peprusesy jps  sjosnioa, uosouT
00°€L 81-0 IL I seoner sfosndeouy =—stsodop royueig,
09°6L 81-0 Il T ‘epeuosuq: STOSITIOW
08°96 81-0 I I ung sysodep yeraniTy
ores 81-0 IL I ensexeQ ug SOS ym ‘eaey
Oz 81-0 It I eunuoj jJMg S[OSHUG sUOJspues snosoejyny
09°¢s 81-0 IT T eAnker sjosnin syoor OTuOINT
09°6 81-0 It I vAREW sfosndeouy ouoysifIs ‘ouosspueg
Or'st 81-0 Il I seuljod STOSTITOW syisodep yeraniTy
Orie 81-0 II if souould suoIs|[Is ‘suoyspues
os's3 81-0 IL I ouryeD sposnugq sysodep [eranity
O08 EL 8I-0 It T Boog BURqeS sjosnin susodep yoyuelg
a s4 81-0 Il I vol STOSTIIOW susodep [erantty
os's9 81-0 (%) pues TT I esourdsq jug sposnin susodep ieyuelg
WW xe ueipsw =«dS ueoy (uo) oNsuajoeseyoAueUleTA s0IN0g =u QI1§ 9U0Z Japlo [Iog epoyeu juored
yidoq ONT Joypue AZ0j095

88


sé LLO 180 080 € 20 60 IIT (09/8) Ausuap poomy snwv8nliq sno20942q
Keoop poom,  Uoyspues snosseynL, = SJOSHINNsJMS BT. I 661 alll (3/8ux) umnysseog
Avoap pon  aUoISpueS snosseM] SOs. JMS BT r 70 AI (88a) snxoydsoug
Ae2ap Poon —BUO\spues snosseyIn] —SJOSMIN IMS — BT I £0 aul (a) wa3onIN
Aesop Poon, — BuOIpuws snosdeN_  — SOSMIN. JMS BT. if 9S aii (8/8un) untspeD
Avoap poo —uoIspues snooseN], —SfOSHI. JMS «T if 007 aul (6) usy sisua8urmop nqdoioy
auorspues snosornL, —«SfOsmIN JMS LZ I 89°11 alll
auorspues snosoeyn] =» SOS] «IMS LZ ESB HD RTECS uit
Buorspues snoasen], —SfosMIN JMS LZ WE = HDB BOT oul
gp wo {> soroUreIp 20x], ze I xa our
Suo;spues snosoynL —-SJOSNIN IMS LZ_— HTD OWZ_—«s«dWT—ssEL:C69'D NT om
AT ¥ Ssejo-keoap poom UOISpues snossyJN_ —SfOSHIN JMS BT if ras ail
gp Wo [> Jo}oureIp 21], ca 1 0's Eun
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gp wD [> sorourerp aan], ra 1 049 Vu
Suorspues snossen] SONI IMS = LZ_—CLOTTSCOKROB'S LS SOTCOB'S Vu (BBur) umnisseiog
Suorspues snosoeyn], = SfosmI IMS LZ 1 840 alll
auorspues snosownl, —SfosnI JMS LZ OO BIT SLO BHO 890 ail
‘uoyspues snoseyyny, = SOSNIN JMS LZTM_—sT|-sOOT!—«s«SOHDs—sw—sC HDDs S00 oul
gp wo [> sorourerp sony, ze I 10 om
auorspues snoaouyny, = SOSTIN JMS LZ LOOK: B8O0 SOTO oul
Keoap poor sjosnin, 81 I sto aul
YQp wo [> JeroureIp aa ze L z0 Eta
SOAR] USL 6E T 6r'0 VUE
gp wo [> sa}oureIp sar], ze if 85°0 vill
auoyspues snosovyynL sossin JS ZOE oso L 110 9F0 vu (Baur) snroydsoyg
gp Wo [> Jo}OurEIp 90x], ze I Sor om
Ae29p POON sjosnin, 81 1 1s0 ail
gp wo [> sa}OuFEIp II], ze 1 SOI a
Saneal Ysant 6 1 £01 Vill (%) wasomn Dipquapig vavyuDy
Yap wo {> soxauTEIp var] ze 1 wl VU (%) wa8onIN
auorspues snooowsn], —SJOSMIN JMS LT i LG all
auorspues snosownL —SJOSHIN IMS LT_—CITO.seeH Yh CLOZCLE aur
duorspues snosseyny SOS FMS LZ TO LED BZD HSM ZO iit
auorspues snosownE —SJosmin JMS ZC HHT «= ILOsELCEO 890 ol
auorspues snosseynL =» SJOSMIN MS LZ BT OGHE | HSE UL SLO OTE VII == @ Sw) untsouzey,
Suorspues soe, —S]OSDIN IMS LZ I Lee aul
duorspues snosownL —SJOSMIN IMS LT LLIO UH T INCEST aut
auorspues snosowInL —SJOSIN IMS TBH LT ZT LOH our
auorspues snosreyny =» SOSMI «SMS LZ UTE ELE EL EROLN'Z Pint
Aeoap poo suoyspues snosrenL —SJOSNIN JMS 81. I vel all
Suojspues soso] =» SJOSBINN «IMS LZELE EDL BSD LST S09 vu (aw) wnppED
ygp Wo [> Jo}OUreIp dau, ze I ove OU
Aeoap pon auorspues snosoeyn, —SJOSHIN JMS BT 1 we au
Ygp wo [> Ja}ourERp aa1L we I Os'e a
SOABOT YSOHY 6E I 9 VIII
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1€ 860 vez WI £€ 890 6ST al
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SOON, TeHovur uared sopso log 9u0z somos UN XW POW US) UeC OMSL, quoweg, saroodg

o/pue £80[095

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33


auoyspues snoooeyny =» SOSH «IMS BTC: CME | SHC SET asit
auorspues snosouynL, =» SJOSMIN MS BTL: BNE | LT ETT LE Osi
auorspues snosoeynL =» SOSH «IMS BZ OE |= WL E60 BGT agi
auorspues snosoeynt — Sfosnin JMS BTSCET'Z:COSOL CHE ECS OES vail
auoyspues snosoeyny =» SOS. IMS BTCEGT LST STC ZH SET vsil (8Bu) uinisseiog
yaeq-auy] eso] uoyspues snosseynL — SfosmiN IMS 8Z LOD LTO ETO & SOO ZLO asi
auojspues snosoegny, =» JOSHI IMS BTS WSO SO ZS asil
auoyspues snoooeyny = SOS «IMS BTC EHO EOE TO EO sit
auorspues snosouny, = SSB «JMS 8Z BOD ITO TOC LO STO gil
auorspues snosoeynt =» JOSHI JMS BZD BSO HOE SOO ESO vail
auorspues snosseyn, =» SOSH. JMS BSCE SHO HO ZOD HO V8Il_ Bw) stsoydsoyg
yxeq-ranl] 9s007] uOIspuws snoseNL OSIM IMS 8Z STO PSO = LEO ESTO EO asi
auoyspues snosseyny = JOSHI IMS BZ TIT ZOO CIT asi
‘suoyspues snoooeyny = JOSHI. «IMS BZD «ODE «= LO ES LT'O(O8'0 Osi
‘suoyspues snosoeynt = SOS «SMS = BZ—BTO LEO wh E STO EHO asi
auowspues snosoeynL OSI JMS = BTL: OKT = SIT STO OTT vil
auowpues snosoenL sos. JMS BZ LOT, TT ITT = ZOOL vail (%) wo80nIN,
yseq-TaNT] 98007] UOISpuws snosseL JOSHI IMS 89TH = ETE ETT LSE EC
auorspues snosoeyny SOs JMS = BT_SCET'G «OTE «OMIT, «ZLB TT asi
‘suoispues snosoeynt =» JOSHI. «IMS = «BZ HDD OGL «69 EHO PL Osi
auorspues snossenL =» OSI JMS = 8S SOB HD EBD ONL sil
auoyspues snosoeynt =» SOSH. JMS STOR LET «SBE ETE = (OLOL vsil
auorspues snosoeynL SOSH. JMS = BZ_—CUL'EL «IBOLT «OST «OZ HTZCOE'ST vail Aw) woe
yFeq-9NI] Boo] BUOISpues snosoeN — SOSDIN IMS BZ OWT «IGE «= LEE ST CB'T asit
auorspuws snosoeyny © SOS. IMS = BZCHO'HL MHL «BLL ZOO LVL asi
auorspues snosoeynl «SOSH JMS = BTR TH TCE PHD EOE Osi
auoispues snosseynL SOSH. «JMS = SZC YEE BOE asi
‘auorspues snoaowyny —SjosmI. «JMS BTL CDOT LT'D | S6R (ME OT vail
SoAea] PIO auoISpuws snooouyny — SfOsMIN IMS = BZ HS «EID OD STO 09 veil (%) usv pquiopos snjpydasoyuy
x H oz ou
€ i all
aa I 89 Vu (Aw) umisseiod
we 1 z5'0 int
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a if at VUl (88a) sruoydsoyg
ra I $60 oul
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we 1 Sel vil (%) wa80nIN,
we if v1 Petit
we 1 ave all
ra if ary VUL (%) WSv stuuauy arpuy
soavay ame susodop any —SJOsTOW SPS UY 1 sorst VIII (8/8u) umysseiod
Soave] ome, suisodep eIAnTTy —SosMOW IPS if 650 Vu (8/Bun) snsoydsoud
Sonwa] OINIEAL susodep [eianfiy — SlosmOW IPS OH I ere VILL = @ Sur) umisouzey_ piafnuaya sukuy
susodop jeianffy — SOS IPS 6Z 1 Ore Vu (8us) winissev0g
syisodep [eranyty — SJosMOW SPS GZ. if Bas vill (8 bun) snsoydsoyg
susodep [eIany[y — SJOSMOW «SPS 6Z 1 VT Vul (%) wedonIN
susodap [etanity — SJOSIOW SPS 67 I 00°02 Vil @aw) wn
susodap IANTTY —S[OSTIOW SPS «6 I 600r vill (%) 4SV vaonjola punuDyty
se tO £€€0 y 100 0 AIM (00/8) Ausuop poo Duvsomou sayinayy
AT H/E ssejp-Keoep poom UoIspues snosseynL OSI «IMS BT sLTO ZT KDB HED OO alll (aww) unisseiog opunquoyf sisdoauoyoqy
SION, [evoreut quored §sopso flog auoz eomnog UL = Xe wipw uu ds ueoyl onsst], quoursygy sorsodg

Jo/pue £B0]00

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oureo)-seava] amnrey susodop [eanty Oso IPS. LTZSCLBL CLL LEO CEE'G vil
ayRAEND-SOAwO] DUNTEIA, susodop eranyty S[OSMOW IPS CETL CBSE | MSLT 9 OS OST Vil
susodap [eranyty S[OSMOW IPS ty EL EDEL «BOB SLOTS vil
soaea] 3un0 x, 6 009 O08 OOL Z IFT 0% vu
soAway MOU ITNPY, we 99 «SSE 096 «9 80H ECOL vul (Au) umisseog
soaway Ysou 6 880 «880 «6880 ZB Vu
zw €tO te «LO 9 LOGO Pini
soava] Ysard zw 0 «6€l «= OL 9 HOOT VIII
zw Iso 60 LO € WO 950 alll
auoyspues snosoeynL SONI JMS BZD STO COTO FS SOOO asi
‘auoyspues snosoeynt —-SJOSNIN JMS BZD HO BTN GLOSSED vail
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ym eaey sos «IMS Ty SO 98D LO T0690 Vil
ly 0 PIT WO S$ sro £0 vill
oureog-saava] ane, susodop [wianyiy S[OSIOW PS ZH EE |= BHO LEGO Vil
arwaeny-soaea] aan ssodap [eianty S[OsTIOW IPS % BHD SH LOD GTO EL'O VI
ssodep eianty SfosfoW IPS MeCN FTO 8S 0 VU (Bun) sesoydsoyg
soaea] Bunox —auorspues snosoeyn|, —sjosuIN JMS ZC LST ST ob 800 LT agit
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ze lt0 960 «6850 09 ETO «BS OU
ze 860 «6650 060 OCS HO Ein
ym ‘eaey— sjosmin MST OTE LL ET 9 DHT Vil
ly wl el Sst S$ #10 wt Vil
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susodap [eianty SJosTOW IPS) ty LLCO HDs SOL VIL
saava] 3un0 x 6 99l «ORT LT ZOHO LT vu
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soavo[ Ysoi BUOISpues sNosoHNE SOS «IMS = -BZ_sTSTSCOTE «= Eh HHO OE sit
auorspues snosoeyny SONI. IMS BZ PHT CHHT LEC STOOLS agit
Suoispues snosoenE OSI JMS = BTR «COTE ETHODS vsil
HM vary fos JMS Ih RTL ORE | HET OD OWT Vu
Ip 0% €€ 18% $ BO LLE VIII
‘oureo-sonvo] aunt, SOs PS tH BBO OTT TLE STO ET vill
dyeaeng-sanva] sume, SOSTIOW PS ty «HBO «CT OSET O98 LO SPT VU
susodap [eianity S[osIOW IPS CLO IL SHI SED T VI (8/Sun) umisoudeyy
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auorspues snoaoeyny SOs. JMS SZ SBS LOZ BIT GHOST sil
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ayeaeNg-soavo] ane susodap eianyy —S[osmoW IPS ZhOCSS'B LEST «=—OTZE (OT ELIT vill
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we 99S «OLB BLL LTT IL VUL (%) usy
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oreaeny)-soava] ame, Tp 009 OO'EIZ OOEZI S$ OrSr O8ECT VIN @y8w) wnerunqy pkydosovu oruaraing
dyeawny)-soaea] SIMI, ly 6Oll GOS PPL € O6T SoEL vill
oureo)-senvay aInve YA, ly los 6€01 LSS 9 61 #18 vill (@/2uu) unisseiog syppumy Dyuayarns:
SOON [euoyeur quared = sopso [log au0z~ sounog UW xe uepeyw ou as ueoy onssty quours}gy sored
Jo/pire KB0j099, auT

48


TE ssepp-kesap poom uolspues snosseyyn], zt LYo) LIT au (@ Bun) wnissei0g
GT P/E sseo-Keoop pom ato\spues snosdeINL. 8 00 170 ail
TE ssepo-Keoap poony suoyspues snosoe]jn] Z 90 120 AHI (8/But) snroydsoya
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ATE ssejo-Aeoep pom suoispues snosseIny, Z 90 OT Eun (%) usy vpunquoyf sisdoauoysy
€ 000 s€0 AIM (99/8) Ansuap poo,
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GS I Sse[>-Keo9p poor suospues snosoeyyny. Z 80 O'S
ATE Sse[>-keD9p PooN uorspues snosseyn I, S$ 870 60 (@/Bu1) umisseiog
ALS € Sseyo-Aeoap poo, suoispues snosoeyny I v0
CATHIE Ssep-Aeoap poo suo}spuLs snosdejjn | I v0
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CT P/E Sseia-Keo9p poom uoIspues snosseyN] if LO
AS I Sse[2-Keoap Poon auorspues snoaseyjny I ogo
ATE ssepo-eoap poo auoispues snosovjsnL S$ sto 80 (%) va8onN
LS € SSe[9-Avs9p poof suoIspues snossEyyn if Oo'lr
A'L4/E sse[-Keoap poo auoispues snosoeyn 1 z9'€l
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TPE Sse[2-ke29p poom suoyspues snosoeyNT 1 08's
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ITE ssejo-Aeo9p poom suoIspues snosoeyn 961 S $60 67 (%) usy yofiany vausoysty
lunur Z> sayourEIp 21], susodap [eranqty sjost 891 6 0 LZ
unui Q¢-¢z Jo}oUreIp oar], susodop [elanyty sjost LL0 L v0 801
WM QT-Z Jo}oureIp aor], susodap [elanjty sjost €€1 8 6F0 YT
ru ¢Z-O1 JoIOWIEIP oar], susodap felantty sjosndaouy juss 9L0 6 0 Ol
UI OG< Jo}OUEIP oor], susodap Jeianyty sjosndaouyJurg 067 Z sto 80°
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wry Q] JoyouIETp Bar], susodap [elanfTy sjosndaouy jug 01 tt 4s0) «6LT
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suisodep jeianfiy sjoshdeouy jug SOE Lt €hO SE
Adoues raddq, susodop ferantty sfosydeouy = jug T Lsy
Adoueo pr susodsp [elant[y sjosndeouy wis I Lee
Adoues somo suisodap yelanyty sjosndaouy jus I £61 (%) va8ontn 792993] DIZGTY
sr¢l eZ OT LT (8/8un) uunissei0g
Lvo 91 (8a) snsoydsoud
007% aa x2) umpos
060 orl (%) vadontn
cae We (83un) unisouseyy
82:0 $81 Au) wneD wnaano wnyousosoy
SOON Jeuayeut juored = sapso flog su0z uN dS weep onssty, quswe,y satoedg
Joppue KB0j090) Bist

sajduies jue] Jo Sonseye1eYyD


le 1 sie
Ie 9% 4 € 1 w
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sfosnin, 6 oof 9S Wh Zt Ll wy
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GS €/Z Sse|2-AeD0p Poon S108, 6t OLT OLOL 6Sb Bt LEZ 68F
IS £ sseja-Keoap poor sjosain, ol Gl 9 868 9 THLE.
TE Sse[9-AeD9p Poon sjosnin. or Lz 87ST SOT
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IS Sth ssvja-Keoap pony auoyspues snosoeyjnl JOSHI JMS = «BT_CE'E «ORS OLCLSCOLT.SCCE'S.
GS Sty ssvja-Keoap pony auospues snosoeynL SOS JMS = BT OOZT.««00G-—s—C<i:C‘é‘iZ:*C*C«i SG
CT S/y ssefo-Aeoop poom —aUoyspuws snosouyNL —-SOSDIN IMS BTS «OUST. «OSB
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C1 P/E ssefo-Aeoap pom —uoISpuvs snosoeML —SJOSHIN IMS BE OTZ_—OLL-—<Cé':SCsCLKCET.COCED.
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ysouog worrend) ssodap Tetanqhy PS 62 SBT € 60 917%
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operog susodep [erantty PS 6% OS'S Z 08% Ose @Aw) wnpeD
ysauog voruend suisodep yetanqry PS 6% «GOT € 050 7901
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operog susodep jerantry PS 60097 Z Oro 0€'97 VU (38ur) wmnissejog
opeiog: susodap [erantTy PS 6Z COE zZ 100 0€0 VU (B/Bun) stuoydsoyg (Par) vaqns pusaung
‘S2]0N feusyeujuared sepio jog ouoz oomnog WW (Xe ueipeyw u = =oqs ueay, onssty, qoursyy sorveds

Jo/pue £80[005

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42


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Ie I io ¥ Hn (fun) sasoydsoyg
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1€ i wo oul
1g 1 v0 VII (@Bur)osoueBueyy
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Te I 600 VU (Bun) oxy
Te I 19 oul NO
Ie 1 9% VI ND
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GT S/y ssejo-keoap poo uoispues snosoeyn_ = SfOSNIN IMS BI OTD—sTHO-«sIZO ES tO LO
CT P/E Sse{9-AeD9p POOM —BuoISpues snoooeNL Sos MS BT THO CLT LOSS 60
CTS ssefo-eo0p pom uoIspues snossenL —-sfoswi IMS Bl OTD SEO LTO e000
C1 ¥ Sse]o-e09p poom auoIspues snossen], —-S[OSHI IMS BI GODT = EZO-sEL HO LO
TE ssejo-Aeoap poo auorspues snooaeyn] SOSH IMS «BT ETD TT «= OS SHO
(quour [) Uonrsoduioseq 8 06h WL Sho 8 UO 99
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sseutoig A1o\ss9puy] we I wy
(qeem 7) uonsoduosoq, 8€ Ol Lt vel = «(tO SET
(Qjsem |) wontsodurosaq 86 Cl BOT «6ST SOTO ST (@/auu) unissei0g nsjaoxa sapokiovq
SON, [evoyeur juored §=oplo flog 2u0z s0mog up XEW Weipa ou ds wee, onssl], yous soredg

Joypure AB0j09p ONT

21


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we MEE LE OSE 6S ORO OSE all
Zé SOEL LoyL «tet OZ OLEO ZH vil (%) WSv voiqnun vaffoy
Soava HIMpy  uospuEs snosdeYN], suoIseUT JUS — OY I 90°01 VUul
SoAea] PIO susodop eIAnTTY —SJOSTIOW SPS I 79 VU
soaea] MOU NPY susodap [eiantiy —S[osmOW YPS_—ZyS'S OGL SBD S990 LBD VU
Sanwa] auNIeW suisodap [eianty — SosmO «IPS ZH if 9 VU
ssodap [eiangty — SJosmoW IPS Zh I 399 vil (88) unisseiog
susodop [eianyiy — SosmOW SPS Zh I %0 VUL
susodap [etanyiy —sjosqfoW IPS ty OHO 80 £90 SST s19'0 VUL
uospues snoaseyn], suoIsoU] JUS OF if 190 vu
susodop [elanyly — S[OsmIOW-JPS_— Zh i v0 VUL
susodop [eianfTy —S[OsMOW IPSC 1 Teo VII (8 Bun) snuoydsoug
suoIspues snoodeyyN], uOWSOUNT UIs Op if Syst vill (Ar) [XIN
‘auojspues snosseyNn] WOySoUNTT WE Oh 1 ZL vill
susodap [eAnTy —SJOSOW IPS Zh I sc'0 VUL
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soava| IMpy  euospuwS snoaseyN| suosourT jus Op I a4 Vill
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soaea] Mau NPY susodop [eianfly Sos SPS ZHOCSOTTHT CLLE CS OLE OES vil
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16


Table 4—Chemical characteristics of alfisols, entisols, inceptisols, and limestone by soil order or parent material

Alfisols Entisols Inceptisols Limestone
Depth Depth Depth Depth
Element (cm) Value (cm) Value (cm) Value (cm) Value
Aluminum (cmol/kg) 0-30 —0.12-0.09 0-30 0.24-0.04
Bulk density (g/cc) 0-18 = 1.96-1.18 0-18 = 1.52-1.11 0-25 = 1.45-0.52
Calcium (mg/g) 0-30 = -2.50-2.18 0-30 10.36-0.94
Clay (%) 0-30 26-3 0-30 65-64 0-30 = 85-11 0-30 73-7
30-60 27-5 30-100 37-12
Effective cation 0-30 =14.98-9.29 0-30 69.44-16.59
exchange capacity
(cmol/kg")
Tron (mg/g) 0-30 16.00-0.20 0-30 0.39-0.01
Loss on ignition (%) 0-100 9.38-8.98 0-30 10.10-3.78
Magnesium (mg/g) 0-30 0,.28-0.23 0-30 7.68-0.12
Manganese (mg/kg) 0-30 0.35-0.10 0-10 75.90-1.20 0-30 0.31-0.01
Organic matter( %) 0-30 5.01-0.35 0-30 4.61-0.6 0-30 = 28.16-0.88 0-30 21.01-3.95
30-100 1.38-0.12
pH (H,0) 0-30 = 8.86-4.73 0-100 8.26-4.27. 0-100 8.09-4.35 0-30 7.80-5.40
pH (KCl) 0-30 = 5.71-4.69 0-30 7.13-4.65
Phosphorus (mg/kg) 0-30 39-38 0-10  36.30-0.5 0-30 71.00-16.00
Phosphorus-Total. 0-100 0.15-0.09 0-30 0,56-0.10
(mg/g) 30-100 0.40-0.06
Potassium (mg/kg) 0-30 150-80 0-10 163.60-15.60 0-30 320-90
Sand (%) 0-30 83-41 0-100 91-11 0-30 73-7 0-30 45-3
30-100 65-21 0-30 77-20
Silt (%) 0-30 35-0.4 0-100 58-3 0-30 52-5
30-100 42-19
Sodium (mg/kg) 0-30 130-60 0-30 210-50



600
520(1)
500
2 400
&
: 300
200
100f 5°32 100 (3) 74 (288)
Alfisols Mollisols Ultisols Vertisols
100
3 10 F 4.24 218
B11
0.13 “ pan 0.13

0.04

Z

1
Ca Fe K Mg Mn P_ Na
Element
50
_ FP see
343)
30 (3)
& wr
|
10
Clay Sand silt

"2 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1997-546-140


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26


rat

Life Geology and/or
Species Element Tissue Mean SD__n_Median Max Min Source zone Soil order parent material Notes
Bryophytes Nitrogen (%) us 063 032 6 029 © 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
mer 15 0.78 040 8 024 «26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
5 103 0239 076 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
Phosphorus (mg/g) IIS 047 (012 6 032 © 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
m5 036 010 6 024 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
15 048 017 8 020 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
15 052 024 10 030 © 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
Potassium (mg/g) US 229 052 6 156 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
15 342 199 6 187 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
15 210 030 8 161 26 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
nS 273 1.03 10 12526 Bryophytes, other cryptogams
Bucida buceras Calcium (mg/g) mA 1005 117 2 842 42 Sdf_—Mollisols.__ Alluvial deposits
A 2062 649 7 13.18 42 — Sdf ~—Mollisols Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
nA 2519 482 2 2080 42 Sdf = Mollisols.__ Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
TCi 5211 087 2 51.25 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits
Magnesium (mg/g) 111A 128 017 2 111 42 Sdf = Mollisols Alluvial deposits
ma 230 041 7 149 42 Sdf_—Mollisols___ Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
mA 239 019 2 2.12 42 Sdf Mollisols._ Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
MC 097 016 2 0.80 42 — Sdf = Mollisols. Alluvial deposits
Nitrogen (%) mA 080 012 2 068 42 Sdf ~Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
mA 122 010 7 1.03 42 Sdf_—Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
mA 110 006 2 103 42 — Sdf ~Mollisols_ ‘Alluvial deposits Old leaves
Phosphorus (mg/g) ITA 064 016 2 0.47 42 Sdf ~—Mollisols Alluvial deposits
TA 053° 012 7 0.30 42 © Sdf ~—Mollisols.__ Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
mA 050 0.02 2 048 42 Sdf = Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
mCi 021 005 2 0.15 42 Sdf Mollisols Alluvial deposits
Potassium (mg/g) MMA 10.16 108 2 892 42 Sdf Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits
IA 1086 247° 7 691 42 Sdf Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits Adult new leaves
mA 10.16 067 2 9.57 42 Sdf Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
Hite 995 251 2 752 42 Sdf Mollisols___ Alluvial deposits
Bursera simaruba Aluminum (mg/kg) ITA 77.00 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
‘Ash (%) mA 476 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Calcium (mg/g) IA 634 097 2 631 7.27 547 42 Sdf_Mollisols Alluvial deposits
mA 1043 3.01 7 1098 14.77 5.28 42 ~—Sdf_Moollisols_-_ ‘Alluvial deposits
mA 3.50 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
mci 34.17 0.90 2 34.17 34.80 33,53 42 Sdf_Mollisols._ Alluvial deposits
Cobalt (ug/g) TA 1.00 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Magnesium (mg/g) TILA }96 029 2 198 2.22 166 42° Sdf_Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
IMA 2.09 059 7 223 268 0.80 42  Sdf_ Mollisols Alluvial deposits
IMA 435 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Gi 064 0.01 2 064 0.65 0.63 42 Sdf_Mollisols Alluvial deposits
Manganese(mg/kg) IIA 40.00 1 40  Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Nitrogen (%) mA 158 004 2 158 1.62 153 42 Sdf- Moollisols. Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
IMA 179 022 7 = 187 196 130 42 —Sdf_Mollisols__ Alluvial deposits
MA 0:53 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Nickel (ug/g) TA 590 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone
Phosphorus (mg/g) IIIA O19 0.00 2 0.19 0.20 0.1942 Sdf_—Moollisols_ Alluvial deposits ‘Adult new leaves
mA 082 007 2 082 088 076 42 Sdf_Mollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
mA 092 O15 7 0.95 1.20 072 42_—«‘Sdf_—Mollisols Alluvial deposits
mA 1.10 1 40 New adult leaves
Potassium (mg/g) mA 10.33 084 2 1032-1107 9.59 42S Moollisols Alluvial deposits Mature leaves
A BIS 229° 7 11.23 17.13 1011 42 Sdf_Mollisols Alluvial deposits
1A 10.26 1 40 Smf Limestone Tuffaceous sandstone New adult leaves
Gi 228 046 2 22.28 22.60 21.96 42 Sdf--Mollisols_ Alluvial deposits
Wood density (g/cc) 111 025 003 3 026 026 022 35


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ro/pue K80[095 OFT y ; ces

31


11. Land use and organic carbon content of some subtropical soils
Investigators: Ariel E.Lugo, M.J. Sanchez, & S.Brown
Location: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1982-1984
12. Revegetation on landslides
Investigator: Jean Lodge
Location: Landslide next to El Verde Field Station, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: December 1988
13. Performance of Anthocephalus chinensis in Puerto Rico. Can. J. For. Res. 15: 577-585.
Investigators: A.E.Lugo, & J. Figueroa
Location: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: May 1983
14. Forest plantings in Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands/Small leaf mahogany survey
Investigator: John Francis
Location: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1990
15. Restoration and rehabilitation of tropical forests
Enviromental Sciences Department Course, University of Puerto Rico, Rfo Piedras Campus
1 st semester of academic year September—October 1989
16. Study of the ecology of worms in nipe soil
Investigator: H. Huber, Biology Department, Mayagitez Campus, University of Puerto Rico
Location: Maricao Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: August 1990

Wood Decomposition

17. The invertebrate community in tropical dead trees: Effects on tree cavity formation, nutrient recycling and seedling
establishment (Animal and wood breakdown)

Investigator: Juan Torres
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1989
18. Wood Decay in PS-2
Investigator: Ariel E. Lugo
Location: El Verde, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1982-1986
19. Litter and root dynamics in a tropical pine plantation and an equal age secondary forest-decomposition
of woody debris
Investigator: Sandra Brown
Location: Guzman Pine, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: April-October 1988

Mangrove
20. Jobanes mangrove
Investigators: José Lopez & M. Alvarez
Location: Jobanes Mangrove, Guayama, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1985
21. Jobanes study—Litter fall collection
Investigators: A.E.Lugo & G. Cintrén (Department of Natural Resources)
Location: Jobos Bay, Aguirre, Guayama: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: May-July 1986

100


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68'S 0E-0 vl I sanbora, STOSYTY suOIsT[IS ‘ouoIspuRS
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£00 0£-0 v1 I qsaiog ofeqy ory = Jang sposnin. uo}sowT
L0°0 L0'0 40°0 00°0 L0°0 0€-0 vt 4 ysolog ey|uekeny sduremg
$00 0€-0 vr I ysolo eoryefend pS S[OSTI[OW susodep [eIANnITy

10°0 Lv0 600 soo 600 0€-0 v1 8 ysolog voejefend
60°0 T€0 70 110 170 71-0 vl € ysolo,j eowrefend = Jus uo}souTT
700 0£-0 vl I ze wURNy ‘UaTTY UOJ PS SOSMIOA —sISOdap RIANTTY
seo 0€-0 (3/8) ssoursuepy L ysalo,J ayoryequied susodep yoyuelg
820 O€-0 v1 I sonbat,, S[OSITY UOIs|I[Is “uoyspuES
18'7 BOL 99 987 ws 0€-0 (8w) umissusep FL € ysoloy ensng = jwig auo\spues snosdeJNL
UW xe ueipeaw =ds ueoyl (wo) oNsHaeIeYySUWeTY s0IN0g =u ag euoz Japlo [log yeuayeut quored
widoq OWT Jopue £30}095

93


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6 let ee Le 2 S90 LBZ alll
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‘Ax03s39pUp) we 80 OCH «EE OS SO HSE vill (%) usv asuamisosg wn kydood
Ie I vs om
le I 68'e aint
Ie I 819 vil (@/Bu1) umisseiog
Ie I z10 oul
Ie i ze0 alll
Ie T 390 VIII (8) snsoydsoug
Ie I 90 oun
Ie I 8L0 aul
Te 1 08'T vil (%) wo8onIN
Te if 100 itt
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le if 600 VIN = (@Bunjesouesuey
FE i Rg
Ie if OLz VII (8) umisouseyy
I€ if 90°0 om
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Ie I 610 VU (8/un) oxy
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Suorspues snosoeyjn], suo\sowTT jwS Oy I “v0 (8/Bui) smsoydsoyg
duojspues snosoeyn], suo\souIT jWS Oy I vel (a) wa8ontn,
SuOISpuES snosseINL sUoISOUT JUS OF I SVE (8/811) [2x9IN
auOIspuRs snosoeAN], auoIsouT] jus OF I 006t (2y/Sur)asouesueyy,
SUOISpUES snoaELIN] duos] JUS OY I SE (au) umrsouseyy
auorspues snoaseyyn], ouoIsouT] JS OY 1 o0'se @y/Sur) wos
auoIspues snoasyIn], UOWSOUNT JS — OY I 001 (@/81)) weqoD
SUOISPUES nose] aosoU] JUS OY I we Aw) warspe>
SaAva] INP  SUOISPUES snosseYIN], UOSOUT JS OF I Is€ (%) 4sv
Soava] YNpy — BOISpuES snosowyn], UoIsoWTT JWS OY I Ort yaw) umnununyy pion Dusuosskg
SOON yeuoyeut juored = sopso flog eu0z s0mn0g UY xe ueipeyw ou as wey, onssty, uous, sowedg.

Joypue £Z0}085 OT

13


Appendix 1—Data Sources

Data sources are arranged by general area of study. The numbers correspond to sources cited in the tables on the
characteristics of plant and soil samples. The sources are cross-referenced to species in Appendix 2.

Soils

1. Seasonal dynamics and succession in a subtropical dry forest, Guanica Study #2508
Investigators: Peter Murphy & A.E. Lugo
Location: Gudnica Forest, Gudnica, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1981-1983

2. Gudnica Study #2508
Investigator: Vicky Dunevitz (Michigan State University)
Location: Gudnica Forest, Guanica, PR
Date of collection: 1982

3. Gudnica Study #2508
Investigator: Dan Nepstad (Michigan State University)
Location: Gudnica Forest, Gudnica, Puerto Rico
Date of Collection: 1983

4. Study of the colonization of landslide areas in the Luquillo Experimental Area
Investigators: Carmen Varela, Digna Ortiz, Aurea Berrios, Héctor J. Alvarez-Science Teacher Association Investigation
Location: Landslide along P.R. 191 in Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of Collection: August 1981

5. Structure and dynamics in the colorado forest of the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico, Study #2503
Investigator: Peter Weaver (Michigan State University, Ph.D. Dissertation)
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of Collection: December 1981-July 1982

6. Estudio comparativo de algunas propiedades quimicas y fisicas de suelos de bosque bajo uso natural y plantacion
Investigator: Mary Jeane Sanchez (M.S. Thesis University of Puerto Rico, Mayagtiez Campus)
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1985-1986

7. Landslide natural disturbance and forest regeneration in the Luquillo Mountains of Puerto Rico
Investigator: Manuel Guariguata (M.S. Thesis University of Florida)
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: June 1988

8. Growth studies of plantations of Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis in Puerto Rico, Study #2474
Investigators: Mohammed Zakir Hussain (Ph.D. Dissertation Yale University) & L.Liegel
Location: Pine plantations, various sites
Date of collection: 1984-1985

9. Effect of topography on the pattern of trees in tabonuco(Dacryodes excelsa) dominated rain forest of Puerto Rico

Biotropica 24(1): 31-42.

Investigator: Khadgas Basnet
Location: Bisley, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1988

10. Structure, succession, and soil chemistry of palm forest in the Luquillo Experimental Forest.

Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology. pp. 142-177

Investigators: Ariel E. Lugo, A. Bokkestijn, & F.N.Scatena.
Location: Palm Slope Forest (PS-2), El Verde: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: June 1986

99


Appendix 2—List of Species—con.

No. Name Source No. Name Source
93 Ocotea moschata 35 117 Sapium laurocerasus 18
94 Ocotea spathulata 31 118 Schizolobium parahybum 35
95  Ormosia krugii 18 119 Sloanea berteriana 17
96 Ouratea littoralis 40 120 Spathodea campanulata 35
97 Palicourea crosea var. riparia 32 121 Swietenia humilis 41
98 Phoradendron racemosum 42 122 Swietenia macrophylla 28, 32, 39, 41, 42
99  Pictetia aculeata 42 123 Swietenia macrop| rylla 4
100 Pimenta racemosa 40 x mahagoni
101 Pinus caribaea var. caribaea 19, 28, 39 124 Swietenia mahagoni 40, 41
. . ao 125 Swietenia sp. 41
102 Pinus elliotti densa 28 126 Syzygium jambos 32
103 Pinus massoniana 18 127 Tabebuia haemantha 40
104 Pisonia albida 42 128 Tabebuia heterophylla 32, 39
105 Pisonia subcordata 40 129 Tabebuia rigida 31, 35
106 Pithecellobium dulce 35 131 Terminalia ivorensis 28
107 Plumeria alba 29 132 Ternstroemia stahlii 40
108 Plumeria obtusa 29 133 Thouinia striata 42
109 Plumeria rubra (red) 29 134 Torralbasia cuneifolia 31
110 Plumeria rubra (white) 29 135. Trema micranthum 32
111 Prestoea montana 18, 19, 30, 31 136 Turpinia occidentalis 39
112. Psychotria berteroana 31 137 Xylosma schwaneckeanum 31
. 138 Zanthoxylum martinicense 35
113 Psychotria sp. 32
139 Forest floor logs 33
14 Prerocarpus macrocarpus 35 140 Mixed species Gudnica Forest 37
115 Pterocarpus officinalis 24, 35 141 Young secondary forest- 36
116 Rhizophora mangle 20, 21, 22, 23, 25 Mameyes Basin

104



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Buy o'r 96 = Z1'0 ory sI-0 9 6 pion TL
le £9'b ory €10 Ly O€-ST 9 6 Auoseyeu—Aoarey
ter 68°F esp 0770 9S SI-0 9 6 AuoSeyeut—Aoarey
wey 19°p esp  z1°0 sry O€-ST 9 6 aud upuiznp
vey 89'r wy = €l'0 ay sI-0 OW (DH 9 6 ourd uyurzn
0s'z “sy ve LEO we O€-S1 9 6 aud Angng
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950 ors €ll = 99°T 86'1 O€-ST 9 6 “sag upuizni
691 €v'L syy SBT I9'y sI-0 9 6 “ag UpUIZND
06'€ v9 Blip tL'0 167 O€-ST 9 6 PIA TH
9EL $0°6 ys «6H £8 sI-0 9 6 POA TL
£91 sre Ist  89°0 6st O€-ST 9 6 AuoSeyeu—KoaseH
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v0 LE0 ze0 ~~ v0'0 zE0 sI-0 9 6 ‘sag Angn
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20 oo sto €0°0 970 O€-st 9 6 PIA TA
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070 970 wzo = 200 €z'0 SI-0 (%) wes0mIN 9 6 aud upuizng
OOTEZ OO'LSST 00'%O9 OO'ISh  00°8L9 O£-ST 9 6 auid Angnd,
00°09 00°9P9T += OO'ZZL_-«00'66E —0099L_—S ST-0 9 6 auid Angna
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€9°0 OOI-0¢ 8 I Boongey ‘sourkend
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wideq oT Jospue AZojoop

73


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punos poomdeg “Eo Sto TSO LEG.
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Joypue £B0j029,

ORT

18


22. Jobos Bay-Fresh leaves
Investigator: A.E.Lugo
Location: Jobos Bay, Aguirre, Guayama: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: December 1986

23. Caracteristicas morfolégicas y quimicas de las hojas del Rhizophora mangle en un bosque de franja en Las Mareas,
Puerto Rico

Investigators: Honora Serrano & I.Monefeldt
Location: Santuario Estuarino Jobanes, Las Mareas; Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1983

24. Pterocarpus officinalis/Litter fall
Investigator: Luis Negrén(Humacao College of University of Puerto Rico)
Location: Rio Antén Ruiz Swamp, Humacao; Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1986

25. Soil salinity, sun exposure, and growth of Acrostichum aureum, the mangrove ferm. Bot. Gaz. 151(1): 41-49. 1990
Investigators: Ernesto Medina, E.Cuevas, M. Popp, & A.E.Lugo
Location: Rio Grande & Vega Baja, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1986

Vegetation
26. Biomass of bryophytes and other cryptogams in a Montane Palm floodplain Forest
Investigator: Jorge Frangi
Location: Montane Palm Floodplain Forest in Luquillo Experimental Forest; Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1990
27. Population dynamics of Manilkara bidentata (a.D.C) Cher. In the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Investigator: Chenxia You (Ecology Department University of Tennessee; Knoxville, Ph.D. Dissertation)
Location: El Verde; Luquillo Experimental Forest (Nora Devoe's plot), Puerto Rico
Date of collection: February 1987
28. Nutrients and mass in litter and top soil of ten tropical tree plantations
Investigators: A.E.Lugo, E.Cuevas, & M.J.Sanchez
Location: Arboretum, El Verde; Caribbean National Forest
Date of collection: October 1986
29. Plumeria study
Investigator: Eva Davila
Location: Gudnica Forest, Guanica
Date of collection: 1985
30. Porciento de cenizas en la flora epffitica sobre Prestoea montana
Investigator: Carmen L. Béez/Escuela Secundaria University of Puerto Rico
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1985
31. Ecosystem dynamics of a subtropical Floodplain Forest
Investigator: Jorge Frangi
Location: Montane Palm Floodplain Forest in Luquillo Experimental Forest
Date of collection: 1980/1990
32. Comparison of tropical tree plantations with Secondary Forest of similar ages, Study #2501—Understory study
Investigator: A.E.Lugo
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest; Puerto Rico
Date of collection 1982-1984

101


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SoAB2| PIO-FONT] B00] uo\spues snosseML Sos. JMS TZ if a vail
SOABa] MOUNT BOOT WoIspues snoooenE ——SfOsMIN JMS — BT if £19 vsil @aw) une
i] a0] UOISpueS snosoeML OSIM «IMS BT SEB GLI «CETL «£9 ETI sii
SOAB9] WOI-IOH] BSOO]  UOISpUES sosEHNL JOSHI IMS BZ OE -6TI LH ESOT: SY Osi
‘suojspues snosseyn —Sfosni IMS = BZ_—DE «ETS «= BOSE STI y asl
Spaas-1nl] as007] auorspuws snosoeyn| SOSH IMS BZCG'Y: OLS OTS SSD SI'S vail
SAAB] PlO-FONT] IOOT IoIspues snosoEyN] —SJOSHI. JMS BT if OLe Vail
SOAI] MOU-JONI] B00] UOspues snosoeJN —«-S|OSMI. JMS BT I ve Vail (%) Wsv pusyos snidkjoong
£ 00 sso AIM (90/8) Ausuap poom nisnqos snidkyoong
JoMI] 98007] auo\spues snosseYNy sos JMS € 060 6I' asi
auolspues snoaseyin] SOs JMS € Lo Lyt Ost
auowspues snosown], —Sfosni] JMS. € 80 LST agit
uajfey Kpusces seava|-T1  auorspues snosoeyyn, —sfosvig JMS € LO 89% vail
SOABS] WO}-JONF B00] suo\spus snosdeNE —«-s|OSNI JMS. vy S80 Fe V8il (8/801) unissei0g
JoMI| B00] suo|spues snosseINL ——-SfOSIN JMS € 160 8¥0 agit
SuOIpuRS sNOsOuN SOS JMS. € 00 060 Ost
auoyspues snosoeyn{ —»SJOsNI, JMS. € 00 O10 geil
auoispues snosovn|, JOSHI JMS € 00 600 agit
uuatfes Attusoar soaeal-T1  auoIspues snosseynL —SfOsI. JMS € 100 +10 v8il
SAARI] WO}-JOYI] B00]  BOIspuws sNOsdEIIN sjosnin JMS ry 600 970 V8il (8) sruoydsoug
JoNT] 98007] sUOISpuES sNODEML SOSH] JMS € 070 €'l asit
auowspues snoooeyyny —sfosnifa JMS. € 90 £0 sit
auo\spues snoaseyIn] Sosa JMS £ soo zo asi
uuayqe Apiusoay sonval-TT  uoispues snosoeynL, —SJOSHIN. JMS € 00 050 vail
SAARI] WOI-JONT 200] UOIspues snosseyn_ —SOsNIN JMS + 90 8L0 vail (9) wo80nIN
JenH] aso07]_ uoISpues snooowN], SOSH JMS. € 1 ZF agit
SuoIspues snosoeyn{ —sjosnif JMS. € 0 LIT Pyait
uo}spues snosoER]jny, sosnin = JMS € We see agit
uolTey Apusoay sonva[-T1 auorspues snoaseyyny §=—sjosni) JMS € Oro P81 vail
SOARI| WIO}-IONT] B00] BUOISpues snosoE}yN], sosnin JMS y ltl erst v8il Aw) wap
Jony] 28007] auoISpues snooowyn], ——sfosmniN JMS. € eZ 6rOl sit
auolspues snossen] Sos JMS € 670 09% Osi
auoIspues snosoeyn{ sos JMS. € 00 Ze EOu
uojres Kpuscas soava|-T]  auorspuws snoaoeyn, ——SfosnIN JMS € wo Loy vsir
SoABa] WOI-onH] B00] BUOISPULS snosaHNL, —SOSNI JME y Sor 8z9 v8il (%) WV suuauguaind suudkjpongy
susodap [RIANTTY —-S[OSJOW IPS I 98'S tour
susodap [RIANTTY — S[OSTIOW = -JPS. I 9L'6 Vil (Aur) umisseog
susodap [eIAnTTy —-S|OSTIOW «IPS I 1Z0 OUI
susodap [erAnity —S{OstOW PS if v0 VII (8@ux) smioydsoug
susodap Teiantty —SjostfoW IPS if 610 OUI
syisodap eIAn|Ty —S[OSTIOW = JPS 1 vET VI (But) umnysouzeyy
susodep [eianity — S|OSTOW IPS I 454 pul
susodop [eianyty — S[OsTOW = -JPS I Or'bl VU (BA) wap — wnyofipunsos umpbxonysug
susodap [RIANTTY = SJOSTIOW «PS ZY 1 €8'L Peja (88u1) umnisseog
ssodap [erantTy —Sosmo, «IPS ZH I 970 Dll (/8u) sn1oydsoud
susodep TeIAnTTy —S[OSOW IPS if sr TOM = — (8 8uy) winysousey
susodep eianty — SfosmOW PSH I 04:02 nr (3aun) um1seD
susodep Teianyty — SfosmOW IPS THOS CEST SOE LOT BDEL Vil (Bu) umisseiog wunpjosan um exosysgy
Sa10N Tevoyew juored sepio fog auoz somos uy eM OWeIpAW UU «OSTROW ons, quowrery sorods

Jojpure £80}095,

ORT

23


Spoog  Suorspuvs snosounL —§»- OSI IMS = 8Z——OTDs«89!D—sS90—sg:~SCs OD asi
Suospues snosoeynL = SJOSNIN MS BZD HET OTT: SLT. vsil
uoyspues snosoeyny = SOS JMG Bz I vail
SoA] PIO BUO\Spuws snosseynL —sjosn. JMS Fz I Vail (%) wa8onty
Soava] MON UOIpues snosoenL —Sfosmin IMS «ZT OEE LETCSC*:C*«é HO ail
‘auojspues snosoeyn] SOS. JMG «BZ I sir
Sp9eS oIspues snosowynL SONI IMS BT OZ ssLHZSCCLEZSCiE:COCOO. agit
Suoispues snoaowynL =» SOSNIN SMS BZOME HTS EH OCHO vsil
‘auoyspues snoaoeyjny —sfosni, JMS —8Z if vsit
SoAvo] PIO orspuws snosoeyn] SOS] JMS BZ I Vail = (2s) umnisauzey
Soaeo] MON OISpuws snosoeNNE SOs IMS ZMH «BST GT'OL SCE HGE asit
‘auOIspues snosdEIyN | sOsHIN JMS 87 I Ost
Spoos — osspuws snosoeyny —Sfosni) IMS = BZ W'S OT H6H CECT. EQ
Suorspues snosown, —SJOSHIN FHS —BZ_— SHEL «LOGZ «= ST'EZ 9 89'9 vsil
Suorspues snosoyInL —SJOSMIN JMS BT if V8it
Soava] PIO BUorspuws snoaowyny —SJOSHIL JMS BT I vail Aw) unpre
SoAGd] MON SuOISpues snosoeyML OSI IMS = «BT_STE'ST«GOLZ LYST OE BTL ; asil
auorspues snosoeyny, = SOS] JMS BZ I ; Osi
Spoos — ouoyspues snosoeyn{ SOS IMS = BZ CSCO: ; asi
Suoispues snosonym| — Sfosnin JMS 8Z_EHL «BOE 66'S OT. x veil
SOARI| PIO uoIspuws snosoeyn| SOS. JMS BZ I 96 v8il
Suorspues snosoeyjn], = SOSH JMS BZ if ray vsir (%) usv sisuasoay Dyourusay
SE 90 190 950 £&% S00 950 AIM (00/8) Ausuap poom
Te I wl oul
I€ I Ive alt
le 1 LB vill Baw) unysseog
Ie I +00 oul
le l 050 ail
Ie 1 190 VII (un) snroydsoug
- I€ I oro Peat
le I 10 Ein
Ie if gt vil (9) wo8onin
Ie 1 soo oul
Ie if zo Eun
le i rag) VIN @Au)esoueduey
Te I v0 Our
le if OST all
Te I OE VIL = @ 8) umisouzey
Ie 1 90°0 our
Te if ~ 0 all
Te 1 110 VIII (Bun) vox
le I 09¢ oul
Te I a alt
i I 8€ Vul ND
1€ if 90 oul
l€ T lez alll
Te I we VU @Auw) unpe>
Ie 1 290 oul
Ie T we all
Te I ay VU (%) WV
le 1 90°0 eine
Ie I 800 Ei
Ie 1 410 VU Aw) wnupunyy upi8a vingaqo
we OTE «OrEZ «OE =O Sos LL out
ca I 80 alll aw) umisseiog mycydosaray vingaqny
SO10N Teuoreut uared s9pio jog 2u0z somos uy Xe URIPOW USES OnsSLy, yuoursyy saradg

Jojpue £B0]005 NT

52


96% = 109s BH PTT EOF 0€-02 91 9 Hysedeay, 150105

wy 86108 809 -OVTTZT'9 07-01 91 9 HAladeay yso105

899 «= OLB CETL COO CETL 01-0 (9) soneut 910e31Q 9 9 H/sedooy ysa10]

00'6T OO'PE 00'LZ 00'S 00L7 Ov-0€ 91 9 JOMOL, POIOIOW

0091 00'ZE 008 00°9 ~—00°LZ 0€-0z 91 9 JOMO, POIOIOW,

OO'OL OOIE 00'8T 008 00°61 0z-01 91 9 JOMOL, E[OIOIOW,

OO'rL OO'LZ  O0'0e OO'S 00°0z 01-0 91 9 JOMOL, POIOIOW,

OOIZ  00'8h 00'6 00'S OIE Ov-0€ 91 9 Hyradaay 1910,

OO'PE 00°6E O0'IE 006 00°87 0-02 91 9 Hy/sadaoy ys0105

00ST 00°9F = 00"FZ_-OOIT © 00°LZ 02-01 91 9 Hyredeoy ys0104

00'9T OO'TE  00'rZ 00°9 00°F 01-0 (%) eID OT 9 Hypsadaoy ysa105 atrunuadiag

I1r0 FTO ZOD ETO Os-0€ st z wsoloy ‘99g Suno,

oro = zroTTO 10's OE-ST st z aol, “20g SunoA

a eS oS Oe a SI-0 ST z ysar0,j00g3un0 x

£00 900 £00 200 400 SL-0s SI € aL

£00 00 €00 100 £00 SE-0€ ST € ral

z00 = p00 HO'D-s«CTO'D-—s« £00 oI-0 (@un) umipog ST € Pa

OOTE OOPS OS OO'9T 00'Er OS-0€ st z wsaro,f “20g Bun0,

OO'SE 00'E9 00'S OOO 00°6r O€-ST ST z isarog'o0g BunoK,

O0'SE 00'E9 00'S COO 00°6r sI-0 st z aos “90g Buno,

OO'%E OO'PE COE COT  O0'EE SL-0S SI € aL

OO'EZ OLE ~=—-00°6Z_-:00'L_-—s ODE SE-0€ SI € Ra

00°6 = OO"EL.-—«sOO'ET O'Z = OO'ZT 01-0 (%) MIS ST € Ran

00°9 «= 00"6T._—s«OSZE 006 ~=—O0"ET. OS-0€ st z wsa10,j “0ag Bun0,

00°8 = OO'ZT_—s«OO'OT -00'E ~— 000. O€-ST st z ysazog “90g Bun0x

OOP 00°81 00°91 00’ 00°9T sI-0 st z ysa1o “deg Bun0,

OOFE 00'LY OO'Tr 00% 00'lr SL-0S st € Pa

00°6E O0'IS  00'°9F 00°9 00'sr S€-0€ st € Pa

00'6r 00°79 =: OUTS 00'L ~=—-00"¥S 01-0 (%) pues $1 € Ra

OL'E6 OTTO S6L6 109 S6L6 Os-0€ st z ysor0,j ‘09g 3un0,

O£'S8  099PZ S6'S9T90'VII S6'S9T O€-ST st z yso1o,y “20g Bun0,

Ol'PZS OEISS OL'L89 LEIEZ OL'L89 sI-0 st z yolog “00g Buno x

ozs «= 086 = OLD SET ETL SL-0S st € aL

OVS = OT'0S~— OS'S IBZ LSIZ S€-0€ SI € Ra

O8'6E 0919 O95 GETI O09'%S 01-0 (848w) umnysseiog ST € Rau

ofl 056 OF8 951 OF'8 Os-0€ st z 30104] “dag BuN0Z

ovo = OWZT OHS HTH OG O€-ST SI z ysar0 “09g Buno x

OG PE O89E SBSE PET SBSE s1-0 (@y/8u) snsoydsoyd $1 z ysolo ‘90g BuNoA UT —«-SJOSTA{| auOspues snosdeIyn,

uA xe ueipeyyl «ds uray (wo) ONsLo}BIeYOAUSUIsT] soN0g u Og sU0Z JEpso [log yeusyeut yuored
qidog Digs Jo/pue K80j0aH

97


we if v0 vul (88a) sruoydsoud

ra 1 soo oul

Ie 1 110 oul

ia if SOT an

1€ T 950 ain

ca I €st Vill (%) wo80nIN

Te I €€0 Ou

Te if wel aul @Aw)esouesuey,

Ie if “0 Our

Te I cnt aI = Aw) umisousey

Ie 1 900 out

Ie I so aut (Bu) vos

Ie b oy oul

le 1 8 all NO

Ie if figs oul

Te if 66 ail (Bu) wnyreD

ze if SLe Pitt

Te 1 170 OU

we 1 99° € aul

Te I 167 Eun

we I ws VIL (%) usy

Te I 100 OU ‘

Te if #0 alll (88u1) wnurumyy pxayfep vissky

1€ Ol gS 6Se € Pe WE aul (8a) uinissei0g

te 60 80 £0 € 0 v0 aT = (@/Sur) snsoydsoyg

Te 70 660 £60 £ ovo £0 all (%) wadonIn

1€ 100 £00 wo € 100 zo ‘aul (8Butyasouesue

Te 90 IT 0 € 620 6L0 QI (8/8) winysouseyy

T€ OOF OO'OIT OOOOT € 0009 O00 aut (By8un) wos

Te Sh Lt 6 € 69 28 ail NO

1€ 6% 999 ILE € 60% 9b aul (Bun) win1eD

Te 960 p82 L9Z € HPL all (96) UsY

l€ 100 10 O10 € Soo LOO al (Bu) umununty yofrrasv8 syoydossyy

le I so't oul

Ie i ly aul

le WS Sel 88S oy ET BBS vul (8/8uu) uunisserog

Ie I 20 Our

Ie 1 veo aul

Ie I€0 80 6€0 4 800 60 VII (@/8w) snioydsoyg

Te if sto Peat

le I 90 aU

Ie 600 811 101 % 20 10T VU (%) wa8ontN

le I 00 oul

le l £0 ol

le l 190 a

l€ €00 80 10 ZO #10 VU

Te Stl 991 OPT vy 80 Ft VIL = Suz) umisousey

Te if £0 oul

le I 0 Eun

1€ 90 L4tO O10 + SOO 10 VI (8u1) vox

Ie I vel oul

le 1 OL Eta

1€ 8€ 0s sy pos sp VI NO sapoycydostayo

le 1 180 Olt @u) unppeD syoydossyy
SION, Teuorwur juared § soplo flog auoz somos UW = XeW wepew u ds uw OnssEy, quouraTy sored

Jospue AZ0j00

OT

35


19

poom ysany le £0 85 90 € 90 wz
ayt-[los ‘sammy Lt O%0 LL se 400 8&0
(2iqeey) ung yim wNO]hX LL 90 6Iy =—thO SOOT
(prey) wBuny yim wra[cx LE 600 «LTE = L600 BCT OT
sseyy pro€qurezeo tim wro[AX LL S00 6% £0 ZZ 0%O ZO
panos woyAX LL WO BSE 86D TO HOT
punos poomareoH LE OLO 6yZ) «=OST (EHO BT
punos poomdes, LE e000 “8T «= £60 LEZ 860
poom aovjins pasodyg, LL OrO Iyt §=690 CLOT 9.
punos seq LE 1€0 LL «ETD IO tz
0661-Poom Ysatt Te I wl
O861-Poom Ysaiy Ie I Srl
Te i v6 @ But) unisseiog
TE 0001 OOF OOOL £ OZ O00z
SN-Tos ‘snounpy LI OO'E O06 OO'EZT SE OOH OO'EHI
(@rqeny) Bung yas WaIKX LI OO'%T 00'S9 —0OLZ «6 = «OOS 8
(prey) tBuny yim wojAX LI QE «0068 §=—00'0Z_—s BZ «OE» COOTZZ
ssexy prokqurerad YIM WAX LI OOS OOS OST ZE 00% OORT
pumos wofXX 41 00% OZ OOS 49 HOT OL
punos poomnreay{ LL OO COLL OOF 61 OT 009
punos poomdes, LL OOF COTE OO'GT LI 00% 00°91
poom aaeyins pasodyg i we OO'ZEE 0078 ZZ OOF 0006
punos peg LI QOPI OOO9E 0O'DNZE $9 OO'OI OPT
0661-Poom Ysa it if 00°21
0861-Poom ysany Ie T oo'zes
Ie 1 00°299 @x2u) sruoydsoyg
oom ysauy I€ 900 70 90 € 00 800
SyT-Tos ‘sn LI 0 69 8690s SE HD -69'0
(@iqeny) Bung yum ws9[hX LL 800 90 86910 6's LTO
(prey) rung rpm wad LL 0 £80 86600 8's
ssexy prodquresso yim wophX LL 800 970) = 0 ECD EL
pumos urajéX “I £00 810 600 = 99 000 LO
punos poomueaH LL 0 60 90 6 100 90
punos poomdes tI $00 810 «800 = LI. «100 60
oom aoepms pasodxg, “I 70 «LOT |= oO CSOD OHO
punos 3peg LL SeO ITT) = 850 $9 OO O90
0661-Poom Ysa Te I 90°0
O861-Poom ysazzj Te 1 280
Te L 690 (%) ue8onIN
poom ysary Ie 900 €0 o10 € 800 +10
29T]-Tlos ‘snug LI 9T0 89T 190 se 900 890
(eiqeuy) WBuny YIM UTD. K LL 8t0 «9ZT = 090 GC's «69°
(prey) Bung ypim wrsyAX “lL €f0 €LZ «ESO BCT 690
ssegy prokquresso pias waféK LL 6010 060 =e ECO
ptmnos wapkx Li 90 SPT 970 99 0 SEO
unos poomnesH{ tl 600 «Tel «60 | 6T LOO
punos poomdes tL 970 060 «= EO LT. OO sO
poom aaeyms pasodxg “E90 «WWE = OT OT
punos 37eq, 4L SSO Oty «6ST SOTTO EST
0661-Poom Ysa Te if LO
0861-Poom ysarg le 1 sel
Ie if 690 (Bun) unisouseyy,
Poom Ysa Ie 0 ofr0 wo £ wo 900
0661-Poom Ysar{ Ie i 1ro
0861-Poom Ysa, Ie I 110
Ie I oro (8Aw) wosy vuoyfiuaans DUE
SoION Jeuoreur juared Jepio flog auoz somos UI = xe wp us| BRoW onsstL, joweTy sopeds

Joppur £80109 HT



$90 68°0 940 80°0 9L'0 SI-0 9 6 aud Angn
S80 860 88°0 ¢0'0 060 OE-ST 9 6 sag Angn
19°0 88°0 8'0 oro 6L°0 St-0 9 6 “sag Angnd
99°0 66°0 98°0 oro 80 O€-ST 9 6 “99g UyUIZN
6s'0 96°0 160 z10 S80 St-0 9 6 “o9g UyUIZND
9L°0 ¥6'0 88°0 90°0 83°70 O€-SI 9 6 OPIATE
19°0 88°0 89°0 80°0 1L0 SI-0 9 6 SPISA TH
180 00'T 760 90°0 160 OE-St 9 6 Auosdeqeu—Aoasey,
8L°0 86°0 760 L0°0 68°0 S1-0 9 6 AuoSeyeu—Aaaseyy
vLo0 OT 60 60°0 £60 OE-ST 9 6 suid ugwzn5
8L0 = EOL 760 600 = 060 sI-0 (00/8) Ausuap ¥MG 9 urd upmiznp
LUL L801 =2€°6 90°T 616 O€-ST 9 6 suid Angn
80°L €Vol 716 pol 8L'8 SI-0 9 6 autd Angng
6s'S CLL vOL 03°0 13°9 O€-SI 9 6 ‘sag Angng
srs 65°38 SL'9 80° 99°9 SI-0 9 6 “ag Angna
ESL zoel = LEHT Sse T9'ET OE-ST 9 6 “dag UpUIZND
798 6ELT Berl 96% vorel SI-0 9 6 “99g upuIzn
Le6 tort LOI 98 Lamas OE-ST 9 6 OploA I
£6 6E7l 72 it svt 1801 SI-0 9 6 OpleA TH
Lv8 9O'ET ESIT svt STI OE-sT 9 6 Auoseqeu—oasey
€S°8 6TIl £66 001 666 st-0 9 6 Auoseyeu—Asarey
176 pL7tl trol 80°T 95°01 O€-ST 9 6 ouid ugwzn5
wl 86°6 9V'6 S8z LS'8 s1-0 (%) oL-wnuuinty = =— 9 6 ourd upwiznp
0sz oly 00'€ 1s'0 80°€ O€-SI 9 6 aud Angnd
091 08's 09" 9e'1 Ivy sI-0 9 6 auid Angng
09°0 Os'y 00°€ rl ore O€-ST 9 6 ‘sag Anqns
oro ore 08'T TUT pl t St-0 9 6 “veg Angng
0L'0 0e'% Ovl vs0 621 O€-sT 9 6 “deg uyUIZN
oro 00°% 09°0 90 0L'0 SI-0 9 6 “d9g UpWIZND
061 ozs ory oll 18°€ O€-ST 9 6 SPISA TH
OL oes Oty rama 10'y s1-0 9 6 SPA IL
oc'0 OLz os'T 8L°0 Iv't O€-ST 9 6 AuoSeyeu—-Asarey
070 00'T oc'0 820 9r'0 SI-0 9 6 Auoseqeu~Koarey
oer oe’ ore 69°0 LET OE-ST 9 6 ourd upwznp
ovo = OES C(O 10 €8'T sI-0 (Byfour) unuunty 9 6 auld uywzny jug = s[osHT,
99 oo'oe Ost w6 Tor z2-0 s 9 ood] ORY sjosndeouy
oozl tls = zS°8I £96 ITV1Z €7-0 s (<4 981-epuesH Ory sjosnin
eel OO'Er 9°61 99 6917 €2-0 (%) IS S 67 981-10], JU] sjosndeouy euospues snosoeyjn],
uIW xe ueIpoy as ueoy, (uo) oNsuojRIeyoueueTY s0IN0g u ag soz Japlo [10g yeyoyeut quored
yidoq OWT Jospue AZo0j035

63


Table 5—Chemical characteristics of mollisols, oxisols, ultisols, and vertisols by soil order or parent material

Mollisols Oxisols Ultisols Vertisols
Depth Depth Depth Depth
Elements (cm) Value (cm) Value (cm) Value (cm) Value
Aluminum (cmol/kg") 0-30 5.46-0.02 0-30 0.06
30-100 2.81-0.01
Aluminum-Total (%) 0-120 22.82-9.89
Bulk density (g/cc) 0-18 1.35-0.70 0-18 =1.35-1.25 0-15 1.76-0.59 0-18 1.35
18-63 1.35-0.99 15-30 1.44-0.66
Carbon/nitrogen 0-100 62-9
Calcium (mg/g) 0-30 9.69-2.58 0-15 2.14-0.04 0-30 4.16
15-100 1.57-0.01
Clay (%) 0-18 61-7 0-18 27-25 0-30 84-9 0-30 40-29
18-63 48-19 30-100 74-19
Effective cation 0-30 65.91-16.38 0-30 19.25-0.21 0-30 38.44
exchange capacity 30-100 15.14-1.72
(cmol/kg")
Iron (mg/g) 0-30 0.09-0.01 0-30 7.70-0.06 0-30 0.01
30-100 1.34-0.02
Tron-Total (%) 0-100 = 10.72-3.95
Loss on ignition (%) 0-10 93-18 0-100 18.54-6.15
10-63 10.00-0.24
Magnesium (mg/g) 0-30 2,52-0.25 0-15 3.43-0.09 0-30 (1.71
Manganese (mg/kg) 0-30 70-50 0-30 520-1 0-30 40
30-100 300-5
Manganese-Total (%) 0-100 —0.28-0.03
Nitrogen (%) 0-15 1.62-0.17 0-15 0.46-0.07
18-63 0.12-0.02 15-30 0.22-0.02
30-85 0.38-0.01
Organic matter (%) 0-30 41.33-2.10 0-18 4.72-3.59 0-30 14.58-0.76 0-30 4.40-3.14
30-100 10.50-0.25
0-100 0.06-0.01
pH (H,0) 0-30 8.42-5.07 0-18 5.57-5.43 0-30 7.67-3.98 0-30 8.05-7.64
30-100 5.64-4.02
pH (KCl) 0-30 7.36-5.28 0-30 6.35-3.83 0-30 6.99
30-100 4.10-3.70
Phosphorus (mg/kg) 0-15 1010-5.10 0-30 110.00-2.00 0-30 63
30-120 2.00-1.00
Phosphorus-Total (mg/g) 0-10 0.77-0.14 0-100 0.90-0.10
Potassium (mg/kg) 0-30 930-10 0-15 1905-20 0-30 420
15-30 661.90-10
30-100 240-10
Sand (%) 0-30 79.60-9.80 0-18 49-36 0-30 78-1 0-30 42-22
30-100 56-3
Silt (%) 0-30 70.80-10.70 0-18 37-26 0-30 59-9 0-30 37-29
30-100 41-14
Sodium (mg/kg) 0-30 160-70 0-30 244.60-1.00 0-30 520
30-100 250-30



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102

Nutrient patches in a subtropical moist forest
Investigators: Pat Kangas & A.E.Lugo
Location: El Verde, Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: August 1986
The influence of density on stand development, biomass partitioning and nutrient allocation in Albizia lebbeck
Investigator: John Parrotta (Ph.D. Dissertation)
Location: Toa Baja Experimental Farm, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1985-1986
Wood density
Investigator: John Francis
Location: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1985-1990
Restoration and rehabilitation of tropical forests
Environmental Sciences Department Course, University of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras Campus
Ist semester of academic year 1989-1990
Investigator: Ariel E.Lugo
Location: Rio Mameyes (river basin), Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: September—October 1989
Seasonal dynamics and succession in a subtropical dry forest, Guanica Study #2508
Investigators: Peter Murphy & A.E. Lugo
Location: Guanica Forest, Gudnica, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1981-1983
Leaf decomposition study
Investigator: Yiovani Santiago Molina/Naranjito High School
Location: Bisley Watersheds; Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1988
Comparison of tropical tree plantations with Secondary Forest of similar ages, Study #2501—Overstory biomass
Investigator: A.E.Lugo
Location: Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1982-1984

Mineral content of leaves from trees growing on serpentine soils under contrasting rainfall regimes in Puerto Rico
Plant and Soil. 13-21, 1994

Investigators: Emesto Medina, E.Cuevas, J.Figueroa , & A.E.Lugo
Location: Maricao Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: June 1990
Nutritional characterization of Mahogany plantations in Puerto Rico
Investigator: Ernesto Medina
Location: Puerto Rico
Date of collection: August 1987
Physiological ecology of dominant woody species in a dry coastal forest on limestone (Guanica) forest
Investigator: Emesto Medina
Location: Gudnica Forest, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1986-1987
Influence of light intensity during growth on the Proportion of light and dark CO; fixation in CAM plants
Investigator: Emesto Medina
Location: IITF Nursery, Puerto Rico
Date of collection: 1987


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