Resource Bulletin

SRS-48

United States

Department of

Agriculture

Forest Service

Southern

Research Station

Florida's

Forests, 1995

Florida's

Forests, 1995

Mark J. Brown Mark J. Brown
Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) savannah

Photo—Bill Lea

December 1999

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802
i

Florida's Forests, 1995

Mark J. Brown, Forester

Forest Inventory and Analysis

Asheville, North Carolina

Cover photo—Bill Lea Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Alligator (Alligator mississipiensis)—often a wetland forest inhabitant

Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) and cabbage palm (Sabal palmetto Walt.)
ii

Foreword

This resource bulletin describes the principal findings of

the seventh inventory of Florida’s forest resources. Data

on the extent, condition, and classification of forest land

and associated timber volumes, growth, removals, and

mortality are described and interpreted. Whereas data on

nontimber commodities associated with forests were also

collected, evaluations of these data are not included in

this report.

Periodic surveys of our Nation’s forest resources are

mandated by the Forest and Rangeland Renewable

Resources Research Act of 1978. These surveys are part

of a continuing, nationwide undertaking by the regional

experiment stations of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. Inventories of the 13 Southern

States (Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky,

Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South

Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia) and the

Commonwealth of Puerto Rico are conducted by the

Southern Research Station, Forest Inventory and

Analysis Research Work Unit (FIA) operating from its

headquarters in Asheville, NC, and from an office in

Starkville, MS. The primary objective of these periodic

appraisals is to develop and maintain the resource

information needed to formulate sound forest policies and

programs. More information is available about Forest

Service resource inventories (U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service 1992).

Field work for the seventh survey of Florida began in

June 1993 and was completed in May 1995. Six previous

surveys, completed in 1936, 1949, 1959, 1970, 1980, and

1987, provide statistics for measuring changes and trends

over a 59-year span. This analysis focuses mainly on

changes and trends in recent years and their implications

for the future.

The combined efforts of many people have gone into this

evaluation of Florida’s forest resources. Appreciation is

expressed to all Research Work Unit and Station

personnel who participated in the field and office work.

The Southern Research Station gratefully acknowledges

the cooperation and assistance provided by the Florida

Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services,

Division of Forestry, in collecting field data. Appreciation is also expressed for the excellent cooperation of

other public agencies, forest industries, and private

landowners in providing information and allowing access

to the sample locations.

Tabular data included in FIA reports are designed to

provide a comprehensive array of forest resource

statistics, but additional data can be obtained for those

who require more specialized information. The forest

resource data for Southern States can be accessed directly

via the Internet at www.srsfia.usfs.msstate.edu. Data in a

format common to the three FIA units in the Eastern

United States (Eastwide Data Base) are also available

(Hansen and others 1992). These data may be obtained at

the Internet site referenced above.

Information concerning any aspect of this survey may be

obtained from:

Forest Inventory and Analysis

USDA Forest Service

Southern Research Station

P.O. Box 2680

Asheville, NC 28802

Phone: 828-257-4350

James H. Perdue

Project Leader
iii

Contents

Highlights from the Seventh Inventory

of Florida . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Projections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2

Overview . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Geography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Timberland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Area . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

Ownership . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Forest Management Type. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Yellow Pines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Hardwoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Cypress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Harvest and Regeneration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Stand-Age Profiles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Volume . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Tree Populations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Growth . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Mortality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Removals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Net Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Timber Products Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Economy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Sources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Products . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Timber Supply Outlook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

Projected Change in Timberland Area . . . . . . . . . 28

Projected Inventory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Projected Net Annual Growth and Removals

for Pine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

Projected Net Annual Growth and Removals

for Hardwoods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Literature Cited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33

Appendix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

Reliability of the Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

Conversion Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Index of Detailed Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

Tables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44

Page

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Forest recreation includes canoeing

Hiking—a popular forest recreation
1

Highlights from the Seventh Inventory of

Florida

Area

• Forty-nine percent of Florida’s 14.7 million acres

of timberland was under nonindustrial private forest

(NIPF) ownership, the lowest proportion of any

Southern State.

• Florida had the highest percentage of State-owned

timberland in the South, with more than 1.2 million

acres.

• Timberland under forest industry control decreased

from 5.4 million acres in 1987 to 4.6 million acres

in 1995.

• Planted pine accounted for 4.6 million acres, or 32

percent of Florida’s timberland, the highest

proportion of any Southern State.

• Yellow pine forest types accounted for 7.4 million

acres, or one-half of Florida’s timberland.

• Total regeneration averaged 311 thousand acres

annually, exceeding the average of 249 thousand

acres of final harvest annually. Artificial

regeneration accounted for three-fourths of total

regeneration.

Volume

• Hardwood volume continued to climb, totaling 5.9

billion cubic feet in 1995. Two-thirds of the

hardwood volume was in lowland stands.

• Yellow pine volume increased to 7.1 billion cubic

feet. Slash pine, loblolly pine, and sand pine

increased, but longleaf pine and pond pine

decreased.

• Cypress volume decreased by 6 percent to 2.3

billion cubic feet.

• Net annual growth of hardwood and yellow pine

increased to 161 and 492 million cubic feet,

respectively. In contrast, net annual growth of

cypress decreased to 40 million cubic feet.

• Yellow pine dominated annual removals despite a

slight decrease to 432 million cubic feet. Annual

removals of hardwood and cypress increased to 88

and 41 million cubic feet, respectively.

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Bradwell Bay Wilderness area on the Apalachicola National Forest
2

Products

• Lumber, paper, and wood products together ranked

fourth in the State’s manufacturing economy;

stemming from the operation of 113 primary woodusing plants.

• Total output of timber products averaged 607

million cubic feet annually. Pulpwood was the

leading product and accounted for 58 percent of

total output, averaging 352 million cubic feet

annually.

• Mulch production contributed to a 58-percent

increase in output of other industrial products to 47

million cubic feet annually.

• Saw logs were the second leading product,

accounting for 24 percent of total output, averaging

146 million cubic feet annually.

Projections

• Area of planted pine/oak-pine is projected to

increase, from 4.9 million acres in 1995 to almost

6.0 million acres by 2025.

• Inventory of southern yellow pine is projected to

increase, from nearly 7.0 billion cubic feet in 1995

to 9.8 billion cubic feet in 2025. Inventory of

hardwood will increase from 8.4 billion cubic feet

in 1995 to 8.8 billion cubic feet in 2025.

• Net annual growth of pine is projected to increase,

from 489 million cubic feet in 1995 to 543 million

cubic feet in 2025. Pine growth will exceed

removals throughout the projection period.

• Average annual removals of pine are projected to

increase, from 431 million cubic feet in 1995 to

492 million cubic feet in 2025.

• Net annual growth of hardwood is projected to

steadily decrease over the next 30 years, from 204

million cubic feet in 1995 to 146 million cubic feet

in 2025.

• Average annual removals of hardwood are projected

to increase slightly, from 129 million cubic feet in

1995 to 142 million cubic feet in 2025.

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Bobcat (Lynx rufus)
3

Overview

Geography

Florida’s boundaries encompass 34.6 million acres of

land and 7.5 million acres of census water (includes

inland water, coastal water, and the territorial sea). About

47 percent of the land area (16.2 million acres) is

forested, which includes both timberland and other

forest land (formerly woodland or unproductive), and

both reserved and nonreserved forests. Satellite imagery

Figure 1—Forest-type distribution in Florida derived from 1993 digital satellite imagery (Powell and others 1993) (map created from various data sources

by J. McCollum, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service).

clearly shows most of the forests occur in north Florida

(fig. 1). Forests are concentrated inland from

Apalachicola (southernmost coastal, panhandle city),

around the Big Bend (juncture of the State’s panhandle

and peninsula), and west of Jacksonville (large Atlantic

coast city in the northeast corner of the State). Florida

ranks seventh out of the 13 Southern States (those States

between and including Texas and Virginia) in area of

timberland. At least 90 percent of the forest land

qualifies as timberland, 7 percent is classified as other

FLORIDA

Lambert azimuthal projection

Forest type

Longleaf−slash

Loblolly−shortleaf

Oak−pine

Oak−hickory

Oak−gum−cypress

Nonforest

Water

Scale of miles

0 40

Forest type

Longleaf-slash

Loblolly-shortleaf

Oak-pine

Oak-hickory

Oak-gum-cypress

Nonforest

Water
4

forest land, and 3 percent is reserved timberland. The

14.7 million acres of timberland are those capable of

producing 20 cubic feet of wood per acre per year and

are assumed to be available for timber utilization.

Florida’s 1.0 million acres of other forest land have tree

cover, but site conditions limit significant amounts of

wood production. Hatrack cypress stands on marl flats

typify other forest land areas. Except for Texas and

Oklahoma, Florida has more area classified as other

forest land than the remaining Southern States. The 0.5

million acres of reserved timberland are those found in

wilderness areas, parks, preserves, and historic sites,

where timber utilization is prohibited by law. Florida

ranks third among the Southern States in area designated

as reserved timberland.

Topographically and provincially, the entire State is classified as Coastal Plain. Elevations range from sea level

to 345 feet. Florida’s Coastal Plain differs significantly

from Coastal Plain regions in other Southern States, due

primarily to its unique climate. Practically surrounded

by oceans and bathed by the warm currents of the Gulf

Stream, the State’s winters are increasingly moderate

progressing southward along the peninsula. This

phenomenon draws retirees and seasonal tourists alike. It

also has created conditions supporting more species of

trees than any State in the Union except Hawaii (Florida

Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services,

Division of Forestry 1999). Wetlands abound, including

not only depressional and floodplain swamps throughout

the State, but those areas defined by the 1987 U.S. Army

Corps of Engineers Manual (U.S. Army Corps of

Engineers 1987) as having hydric vegetation, hydric

soils, and a wetland hydrology present. Based on these

criteria, Florida has approximately 5.2 million acres

classified as wetland timberland (Brown, in press). Most

riverine systems are blackwater, several are aquifer fed,

and some red river bottoms also exist (origins in

Georgia and Alabama). Significant areas of sand hills and

ridges occur. Flatwoods are common throughout. The

subtropical, southern end of Florida’s peninsula harbors

remnant tropical hardwood hammocks and ridges. South

Florida’s shallow limestone substrate supports the

Everglades, its coastal fringes support dense mangroves,

and palm hammocks are common. Even though many of

these areas are classified as other forest land, others are

not; experiments with eucalyptus plantations have shown

exceptional growth capabilities in some.

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

The Blackwater River in Florida's panhandle
5

Florida stretches 650 miles from Pensacola in the northwest to Miami at the southeast, and another 150 miles

across the Florida Keys to Key West, the southernmost

point in the United States. Change is quite evident from

one part of the State to the next. The northern half of

Florida contains 82 percent of the State’s timberland

(fig. 2); all but one of the northern counties has 50 percent or more of its area in forest. As a result, most of

Florida’s timber production occurs there. The southern

half of the State contains more urban development and a

larger population, as well as more of the citrus, cattle,

and vegetable production. The northwest panhandle is the

most heavily forested (77 percent of the land area).

Figure 2—Florida counties by percentage of forest cover, 1995 (map created from chorographic data compiled by J. McCollum, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service).

There, on its many sand hills, more than one-half of the

State’s longleaf pine stands are found. In the northeastern

portion of the State, 70 percent of the area is forested.

Flatwoods typify the northeast Florida landscape, and

more than half of the State’s slash pine forest type

occurs there. Central Florida is known as lake country,

and only 23 percent of that area is covered by forest.

Most of the State’s citrus is grown there. South Florida

is 21 percent forested, but more than one-half of that

area is classified as other forest land. Although known as

the land of the Everglades, large amounts of vegetables

and sugar cane are produced there. The exotic Australian

melaleuca tree (Melaleuca quinquenervia) threatens to

displace native vegetation in parts of south Florida

(Bodle and others 1994).

FLORIDA

Lambert azimuthal projection

Percent forest

Scale of miles

0 40

0− 25

26− 50

51− 75

76−100

51–75

76–100

26–50

Forest percentage

0–25
6

Timberland

Area

The first forest survey of Florida in 1936, recorded 19.7

million acres of timberland (fig. 3). Each subsequent

survey recorded a decrease in area of timberland; in

1995 it was 14.7 million acres. However, the rate of

decrease slowed to under 50,000 acres per year between

1987 and 1995. It had been 88,000 acres per year

between 1980 and 1987; but the most rapid rate of

decline occurred during the 1950’s, when it was 200,000

acres per year (Bechtold and others 1990). Over half the

recent net loss of timberland has been due to increases

in urban and related land uses (table I). All net declines

in timberland were in Florida’s peninsula; the panhandle

region experienced a slight increase.

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1936 1949 1959 1970 1980 1987 1995

Year

Million acres

Figure 3—Area trends of Florida's timberland from 1936 to 1995.

A natural pine stand in Florida
7

FIA categorized the State’s timberland by physiographic

class. Results show that the decline in timberland

occurred across all physiographic classes except rolling

uplands, which increased slightly. This correlates well

with the timberland increase in the State’s panhandle,

where over two-thirds of Florida’s rolling uplands are

found. The gain was due to tree planting on former

pasture land. However, 45 percent of the State’s timberland is classified as flatwoods, more than any other category (fig. 4). Flatwoods are generally level sites outside

the flood plains of rivers and streams. Sand hills account

for 17 percent of Florida’s timberland area, while rolling

uplands account for 10 percent. Contrary to popular perceptions, deep swamps make up only 3 percent. Deep

swamps account for less than one-half million acres of

timberland, likely far below what many people would

expect.

FIA rated forest stands according to condition of the

forest and the need for treatment, if any. Identifying

categories of condition and treatment opportunities

enabled FIA to gauge the general condition of the State’s

forests. Fifty-seven percent, or 8.4 million acres, of

Florida’s timberland were judged to be in relatively good

condition and in need of no further treatment (fig. 5). On

Figure 4—Physiographic classes of Florida's timberland, 1995.

27 percent of timberland, regeneration was determined

to be the greatest treatment need. Other private ownerships and upland hardwood stands accounted for more

area needing regeneration than other categories. An

estimated 5 percent of timberland was ready for harvest,

and commercial thinning was needed on 4 percent.

Fortunately, as of 1995, less than 1 percent of the

timberland required salvage harvest as a result of fire,

insect, or weather damage. Most (94 percent) of the

Figure 5—Condition and treatment of Florida's timberland, 1995.

Table I Changes in area of Florida’s timberland between 1987 and 1995, by survey unit

Area of Changes

timberland in Additions from Diversions to

 Other Other Urban

 Net Total forest Total forest Agri- and

Survey unit 1987 1995 change gain Nonforest land loss land culture other Water

Thousand acres

Northwest 5,346.5 5,493.4 +146.9 268.8 266.7 2.1 121.9 12.4 42.7 64.1 2.7

Northeast 6,662.1 6,557.1 -105.0 174.6 174.6 0.0 279.6 44.3 79.7 148.0 7.6

Central 2,315.3 2,123.4 -191.9 107.3 107.3 0.0 299.2 92.3 50.8 148.8 7.3

South 658.7 476.7 -182.0 33.1 5.7 27.4 215.1 3.4 70.6 127.0 14.1

 State 14,982.6 14,650.7 -332.0 583.8 554.3 29.5 915.8 152.4 243.8 487.9 31.7

Rolling

uplands

10%

Bays

6%

Deep

swamps

3%

Other

10%

Flood

plains

9%

Flatwoods

45%

Sandhills

17%

Total 14.7 million acres of timberland

Stands in 

relatively

good

condition

57%

Commercial 

thinning

4%

Stand

conversion

1%

Regeneration

27%

Harvest

5%

Other

stand

improvement

5%

Salvage

1%

Total 14.7 million acres of timberland
8

State’s total timberland was considered an operable site,

capable of sustaining normal forestry operations at some

point in any given year. Under 1.0 million acres of timberland were considered an adverse site. Adverse sites in

Florida are typically areas with year-round water problems that are incapable of normal forestry operations in

any given year.

Ownership

FIA classified ownership of Florida’s timberland into

three broad categories: forest industry, nonindustrial

Figure 6—Ownership patterns of Florida's timberland, 1995 (map compiled from Florida demographic data by J. McCollum, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service).

private, and public. Forest industry lands are those owned

by companies or individuals operating primary woodusing plants. NIPF lands are those held by farmers, other

individuals, or other corporations. Public lands are those

under Federal, State, or local municipality ownerships.

Of Florida’s 14.7 million acres of timberland, 49 percent is under NIPF ownership, 32 percent is owned by

forest industry, and 19 percent is publicly owned. Timberland owned by forest industry is concentrated in the

northern half of the State, whereas NIPF ownership of

timberland extends into central and south Florida (fig.

6). Florida has the lowest percentage of NIPF-owned

Lambert azimuthal projection

FLORIDA FLORIDA

Lambert azimuthal projection

Ownership

National forest

Other federal

State

Other public

Forest industry

Other private

Scale of miles

0 40

Ownership

National forest

Other federal

State

Other public

Forest industry

Other private
9

timberland of the 13 Southern States. This is a result of

high levels of forest industry and public ownership.

Florida’s 2.8 million acres of timberland under public

ownership constitutes the second highest State percentage in the South; only Arkansas is higher. However,

Florida has the highest percentage of State-owned

timberland in the South. State-owned timberland has

increased rapidly, up from 0.8 million acres in 1987 to

1.2 million acres in 1995 (fig. 7). Florida has one of the

nation’s most active land acquisition programs aimed at

protecting unique or endangered lands and preserving the

quality of its water resources. National forests and other

Federal lands have remained fairly stable since 1980, at

around 1.6 million acres. Forest industry ownership of

timberland has decreased from 5.4 million acres in 1987

to 4.6 million acres in 1995. NIPF timberland in Florida

dropped over the last decade but increased slightly since

1987 to 7.2 million acres in 1995.

Forest Management Type

To better describe Florida’s timberland, FIA classified it

into five forest management types. These classes are

pine plantation, natural pine, oak-pine, upland hardwood,

and lowland hardwood (fig. 8). Pine plantations

accounted for 32 percent of Florida’s timberland, the

Figure 7—Ownership patterns of Florida's timberland, 1980, 1987, and 1995.

Figure 8—Forest management type trends of Florida's timberland, 1980, 1987, and 1995.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

National

forest

 Other 

Federal

State and

local

Forest

industry

Nonindustrial

private

Ownership

Million acres

1980 1987 1995

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

Plantation

pine

Natural pine Oak pine Upland

hardwood

Lowland

hardwood

Forest management type

Million acres

1980 1987 1995
10

highest proportion of any Southern State. The area in

pine plantations increased by 15 percent after 1987 and

totaled 4.6 million acres in 1995. Area of natural pine

stands continued its decrease, falling by 20 percent since

1987. Natural pine stands accounted for just 19 percent,

or 2.8 million acres of Florida’s timberland in 1995.

Although some of the downward trend in area of natural

pine resulted from urban development, much can be

attributed to artificial regeneration of natural pine stands

after harvest. It should be noted that not all the increase

in area of pine plantations was at the expense of natural

pine stands, because a significant portion of pine

plantations originated on former pasture or cropland.

Stands classified as oak-pine accounted for 10 percent,

or nearly 1.5 million acres of Florida’s timberland.

Upland hardwood stands covered 2.0 million acres and

accounted for 14 percent. Stands classified as lowland

hardwood, which includes cypress, totaled 3.7 million

acres and accounted for 25 percent of the State’s timberland. The area in lowland hardwood stands decreased

since 1987. However, because lowland stands are not

typically suitable for development—either due to poor

drainage, high water tables, or possible wetland

designation—most of their decline occurred as a result

of shifts or reclassification to other forest management

types. Past examples of how this occurred included

drainage and/or bedding and planting to pine. Recent

examples include the removal of a particular component

in mixed stands that can change the species stocking

ratios enough to reclassify a stand to another type. In

Coastal Plains, as little as a 1-foot change in elevation

can alter drainage or water table influence enough to

permit changes in species occurrence from upland to

lowland, or vice versa. This also creates extensive

interfaces where species mixtures form transition zones

not typical of individual forest types. Florida has an

abundance of mixed species sites, which are difficult to

classify.

Figure 9–Yellow pine forest-type trends of Florida's timberland, 1980, 1987, and 1995.

Red-cockaded woodpecker (Picoides borealis)

Photo

—Bill Lea

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

Slash pine Longleaf

pine

Loblolly

pine

Sand pine Pond pine Other

yellow pine

Forest type

Million acres

1980 1987 1995
11

Yellow Pines

Florida has 7.4 million acres of timberland classified as

yellow pine forest types, with concentrations in northern

Florida (fig. 1). In 1995, slash pine was still the most

dominant pine type in the State, despite a slight decrease

to 5.1 million acres (fig. 9). The area in loblolly pine

increased 40 percent to 0.8 million acres, replacing the

longleaf pine type as second in abundance. Gains in the

area of loblolly pine are due to its wide use in plantations, particularly in north Florida. The longleaf pine

type, now third in abundance, decreased 22 percent in

area to 0.7 million acres. Declines in the longleaf pine

type resulted from development and from replacement

after harvest with slash pine, sand pine, loblolly pine, and

hardwood in the absence of planting. Most remaining

large, contiguous areas of the longleaf pine type were

located on publicly owned lands, such as the Blackwater

River State Forest, Eglin Air Force Base, the

Apalachicola National Forest, and the Withlacoochee

State Forest. The area of the sand pine type continued its

upward trend, increasing 4 percent to 0.6 million acres.

Although large natural stands of the sand pine type

occurred in places like the Ocala National Forest, it was

found on other remnant sand dunes around the State,

such as Jonathan Dickinson State Park. The sand pine

type was also frequently found planted in deep sands

typical of former longleaf pine sites. Eighty-eight

percent of the sand pine type occurred in the northern

half of Florida. Florida contains more area of the sand

pine type than any other State. The pond pine type continued to disappear in area with just 0.1 million acres

left, most of which occurred on NIPF land. The already

nominal area of shortleaf pine also continued to decline.

Hardwoods

Florida had more than 7.2 million acres classified as

hardwood forest types in 1995 (fig. 10), nearly as large

an area as was classified yellow pine forest. It should be

acknowledged that there is a pine component within

these hardwood types, just as there is some hardwood

within many yellow pine types, particularly natural pine

stands. Among the hardwood types, the oak-pine type

group contains the highest percentage pine component,

ranging from 25 to 49 percent. The oak-pine type group

includes individual oak-pine forest types, such as slash

pine-hardwood and loblolly pine-hardwood. The oak-pine

type group accounted for nearly 1.5 million acres, up

from the area recorded in 1980 and 1987. The oakhickory type group was up from that recorded in 1980

and 1987, as well. The oak-hickory type group accounted

for more than 1.4 million acres in 1995.

Oak-gum-cypress stands occupied nearly 3.7 million

acres, one-half of Florida’s hardwood acreage. Oak-gumcypress types included pure cypress stands as well as

pure gum swamps. It also included stands with varying

mixtures of these species, as is so often the case in

Florida. Area of oak-gum-cypress dropped significantly

after 1987. The recent decrease in oak-gum-cypress is

correlated with the increase in oak-pine and oak-hickory

types, and involves the previously discussed shifts

among forest types.

Southern scrub oak type experienced the most noticeable change among hardwood types. Southern scrub oak

continued a rapid downward trend in area. At just 0.6

million acres in 1995, it is less than one-half of the area

Figure 10—Hardwood forest-type trends of Florida's timberland, 1980, 1987, and 1995.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

Forest type

Million acres

1980 1987 1995

Oak pine Oak hickory Southern

scrub oak

Oak gum

cypress

Southern Elm ash

cottonwood
12

it occupied before 1980. The high and dry nature of

southern scrub oak sites makes them most suitable for

urban development, which is one factor behind the

decline.

Cypress

Demand for cypress resurged in the State’s wood-using

industry. Cypress was always valued for lumber, but the

availability of sawlog-size cypress has diminished over

time. Many large cypress are cull trees left on sites that

were high graded in the early 1900’s, while others are

located along stream margins or lakeshores. Cypress

growth rates are slow relative to other softwood species,

and most harvested cypress stands are left to regenerate

naturally. Fortunately, however, cypress differs from

most other softwoods, in that stump sprouting can occur

after harvest. This, coupled with regeneration from seed

and a site subject to water level fluctuations that restrict

some hardwood competition, can give cypress a distinct

advantage over other softwoods left to regenerate

naturally. The recent increased demand for cypress has

been for mulch. Along with sound, merchantable-sized

cypress, those with poor form, cubic cull, or small size

can still produce mulch. Historically, FIA could produce

tree numbers and volume data for individual cypress

species, but not acreage figures for a cypress forest

type. As a result of increased demand for cypress and

because current forest-type classification does not fully

address the cypress resource, FIA developed a temporary

cypress forest type. The procedures were based on

minimum stocking percentages of cypress trees to allow

acres tantamount to a cypress forest type to be produced.

Cypress stocking of 25 to 100 percent (the sum of

medium, high, and pure stocking [fig. 11]) in a stand was

chosen to represent a cypress forest type. This threshold

was based on minimum stocking percentages required

for pine in the oak-pine forest type definition.

To capture all acres where cypress occurs is unrealistic,

because the degree of cypress stocking in stands can

range from a low of 1 percent to 90 percent or better in

essentially pure stands. However, for comparison and to

show trends and acreage for other cypress stocking

densities, FIA developed stocking categories of 1 to 24

percent (low stocking), 25 to 49 percent (medium

stocking), 50 to 89 percent (high stocking), and 90 to

100 percent (pure stocking).

According to FIA’s temporary cypress forest-type

definition (the sum of medium, high, and pure stocking),

in 1995 there were 1.4 million acres of cypress forest

type in Florida. This figure decreased steadily from

about 1.8 million acres in 1980. The same downward

trend was evident in those stands where cypress was

present at the medium, high, and pure stocking levels.

Those stands where cypress was present but constituted

less than 25 percent of the stocking, were represented by

Bald cypress (Taxodium distichum (L.) Rich.) swamp

Photo

—Bill Lea
13

low stocking figures and were considered separately

from those included in the temporary cypress forest

type. The recent trend in stands with low cypress

stocking was more stable than in stands with higher

cypress stocking; declines were proportionately less

from 1980 to 1995. Perhaps these stands did not have

enough cypress to warrant industrial harvesting of the

species.

Harvest and Regeneration

Rates of harvest and regeneration for all species combined depict the dynamics of change occurring within

Florida’s timberland. The latest average annual rate of

final harvest was 249 thousand acres (fig. 12), a decrease

of 16 percent from the 296 thousand-acre annual average

measured in the 1987 survey. This drop occurred even as

the total volume removed increased slightly. Behind this

phenomenon, however, was an increase in removals from

pine plantations, which tend to provide higher volumes

per acre harvested. Increased hardwood and cypress

removals enlarged total removals as well. Also,

according to definition, removals include volume on any

acreage removed from the timberland base. This is illustrated by the 119,000-acre increase in reserved timberland since 1987 to 522,000 acres in 1995 (appendix

tables 1 and 16). Most of the increase in reserved

timberland occurred in central and northeast Florida.

Seventy-nine percent of the final harvest area came from

pine stands. Lowland hardwood stands accounted for

more than half the remaining acreage receiving a final

harvest. Over one-half of the final harvest was on forest

industry lands. NIPF ownerships accounted for 39 perFigure 11—Cypress forest-type designations and trends of Florida's timberland, 1980, 1987, and

1995.

Cypress (Taxiodium distichum (L.) Rich) regeneration from stump sprouts

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1

Cypress stocking (percent)

Million acres

1980 1987 1995

Low

1-24

Medium

25-49

High

50-89

Pure

90-100
14

cent of the final harvest area. Just 8 percent of the final

harvest area involved public lands. Partial harvest or

thinning occurred on an additional average of 63,000

acres annually.

Total area regenerated (artificially and naturally)

increased steadily since 1980 (fig. 12). Regeneration

between 1987 and 1995 averaged 311 thousand acres

annually. Not surprisingly, 79 percent of the acreage

regenerated to new pine stands. The area regenerated to

pine exceeds the area of pine harvested by 26 percent.

Figure 12—Trends in average annual rates of harvest and regeneration on Florida timberland for surveys

completed in 1980, 1987, and 1995.

Total area artificially regenerated increased each survey

period as well (fig. 13). Artificial regeneration

accounted for approximately three-fourths of total

regeneration in each of the last three survey periods.

Over one-half of the area artificially regenerated was

forest industry lands; 40 percent was NIPF ownership.

Only 7 percent of the area artificially regenerated was

public lands. In contrast, areas left to regenerate

naturally occurred mostly on NIPF lands. NIPF ownerships accounted for 71 percent of the natural regeneration, and forest industry lands accounted for 21 percent.

Figure 13—Trends in average annual rates of natural and artificial regeneration on Florida timberland for

surveys completed in 1980, 1987, and 1995.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1980 1987 1995

Year

Thousand acres

Natural Artificial

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Harvest Regeneration

Treatment or disturbance

Thousand acres

1980 1987 1995
15

Public lands accounted for 8 percent of the natural

regeneration. Proportionately, natural regeneration was

practiced more on public lands to favor uneven-aged

stands and promote longleaf pine and other species.

Public land management plans must consider recreational use and the preservation of certain ecotypes, as

well as timber production, which typically is the primary

management goal in the private sector.

Stand-Age Profiles

The age structure of stands, for a particular component

of the forest resource, can provide evidence of harvest

regimes, future timber supplies, and possible management influences. In 1995, the age structure was skewed

toward younger stands for the 4.6 million acres of pine

plantations (fig. 14a). Most of the pine plantation

resource was less than 30 years old. This age structure is

excellent for providing sustainable supplies of pulpwood

and small sawtimber. The comparatively low acreage in

what FIA calls the no manageable stand (NMS) category

indicates intensive management and successful levels of

regeneration and stocking. NMS acres are less than 60

percent stocked with growing-stock trees of similar

sizes to feature together in a management scheme.

The age structure for the 2.8 million acres of natural

pine stands peaked in the 31- to 60-year age classes (fig.

14b). The natural pine age structure appeared to be the

current source for larger sawlogs. However, fewer acres

of natural pine stands were present to replace this part of

the resource at the 1995 levels. This would be particularly true for the next 10 to 20 years. Planted stands

could fill these potential shortfalls if managed on longer

rotations than traditionally occurs. A high percentage of

the natural pine stand acreage lacked a manageable stand.

This indicates either a lower level of regeneration or a

less successful regeneration that resulted in low

stocking levels. The situation on lands with natural pine

stands present suggests less intensive forest

management, if any.

The age structure for the 1.5 million acres classified as

oak-pine was more difficult to assess (fig. 14c). Like

natural pine stands, it also has a disproportionate amount

of acreage in the NMS category. This suggested little

management, delayed management, or less than successful regeneration. However, the oak-pine type can be a

transitional type, particularly due to partial cuttings,

which can change stocking levels and forest-type

classifications. Therefore, some oak-pine acres are

more easily subject to change. Some oak-pine stands

include planted trees, e.g., where pine regeneration

either had unsuccessfully competed with natural hardwood regeneration or, in stands less than 10 years old,

had not yet outgrown natural hardwood regeneration.

The age structure for the 2.0 million acres of upland

hardwoods peaked in the 0- to 10-year-old age class

(fig. 14d). Numerous and prolific hardwood sprouting

after a cutting could contribute to the higher acreage in

this youngest age class. It may also include acres where

pines were removed with no provision for replanting.

Regardless, upland hardwoods had the highest amount of

acres with NMS present. This suggests that upland

hardwoods received virtually no management influence.

The age structure for 3.7 million acres of lowland

hardwoods, which included cypress, was skewed toward

the older age classes. Lowland hardwood acreage age

structure peaked in the 41- to 80-year-old age classes

(fig. 14e). The accessibility to and operability in lowland sites were problems that contributed to the number

of older stands in this group. Even so, lowland hardwoods accounted for the second highest area with NMS

present. This suggests a general lack of management

efforts.

The temporary cypress forest type, a subset of the lowland hardwood group, accounted for over 1.4 million

acres of the lowland hardwoods. The cypress type age

structure (fig. 14f) paralleled that of lowland hardwoods,

i.e., there was more acreage in older stands that peaked

in the 51- to 80-year-old age classes. Despite a slight

increase in area of stands less than 10 years old, there

were fewer acres of younger stands to replace 1995

levels of older stands, should they be harvested. The fact

that acreage of cypress stands less than 10 years old

exceeded the acreage of 11- to 20-year-old stands may

be the result of increased seedlings naturally regenerated

after harvest. The cypress type had a high percentage of

NMS acres without a manageable stand present. However, the cypress type had proportionately fewer NMS

acres than the remaining lowland hardwoods and all other

groups but planted pine. This was unusual, because

cypress typically receives little or no management. In

the absence of management, perhaps water levels play a

role in controlling understory vegetation, fire, harvest

frequency, regeneration levels, and competition from

other species, all of which influence stocking levels and

the reduced area with NMS present.
16

Figure 14a—Stand-age structure of planted pine stands in Florida, 1995.

Figure 14b—Stand-age structure of natural pine stands in Florida, 1995.

Figure 14c—Stand-age structure of oak-pine stands in Florida, 1995.

Figure 14d—Stand-age structure of upland hardwood stands in Florida,

1995.

Figure 14e—Stand-age structure of lowland hardwood stands in

Florida, 1995.

Figure 14f—Stand-age structure of cypress stands in Florida, 1995

(cypress forest type based on 25- to 100-percent stocking with

cypress).

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+ NMS

Stand-age class (years)

Thousand acres
17

Volume

Tree Populations

Trends in numbers of trees by species (figs. 15a, 15b,

and 15c) are not related to acreage trends by forest type

and, therefore, offer a different perspective on changes

in the timber resource. A look at the population of trees

for a specific species or group in the timber resource

can reveal the past, present, and future status of

potentially available supplies from that species or group.

In 1995, trends for yellow pines (including cedar)

showed significant increases in tree numbers for the

2- and 4-inch diameter classes (fig. 15a). The 6- and

8-inch diameter classes also increased. The rise in the

smaller diameter classes primarily reflects high levels

of artificial regeneration in the mid-to-late 1980’s

(fig. 16). The 1987 survey identified reductions in the

numbers of small diameter yellow pines, and this

represents a notable turnaround.

The numbers of all live hardwood trees from 2 through

10 inches in diameter have continued to decrease since

1980 (fig. 15b). However, the declines were

proportionately nominal, and represented little actual

change in the timber resource.

The number of cypress trees decreased in all diameter

classes from 2 through 12 inches (fig. 15c). These

decreases are steeper than the decreases for hardwood

trees, and could suggest downsizing of the cypress

resource if older trees were harvested. In the absence of

harvest, this might suggest an older, larger sized cypress

resource in the future. However, similar to some large

hardwoods, many of these larger trees may remain

because they were unavailable or inaccessible.

Compared to the number of all live hardwood and yellow

pine trees (fig. 17), cypress is a much smaller

component of the total tree inventory in Florida. If the

number of cypress trees continues to decrease, their

portion of the total tree inventory could become even

smaller. It is also evident from these data that hardwoods

dominate numbers in the smallest diameter classes,

whereas pines dominate numbers in the poletimber-sized

diameter classes. Both of these situations result from

the high degree of pine plantations in the State.

Inventory

Trends in the volume of growing-stock trees are

indicative of changes in the harvestable portion of the

inventory. Volume is computed for those trees at least

5.0 inches in d.b.h. and includes the stem volume

between a 1-foot stump and a 4.0-inch top diameter.

Growing-stock trees are those judged to satisfy or

prospectively satisfy minimum log lengths and log grade

standards of quality. The volume presented for a tree

species or species group is the cumulative volume for

that species wherever it occurs. For instance, the volume

for yellow pine would be all inclusive, counting volume

from those pines scattered within a hardwood forest type

as well as volume from pines found in a pure longleaf

pine stand.

Photo

—Bill Lea

Long leaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) on the Ocala National Forest
18

Figure 15a—Trends in number of all live yellow pine trees on Florida timberland by d.b.h. class,

1980, 1987, and 1995.

Figure 15b—Trends in number of all live hardwood trees on Florida timberland by d.b.h. class,

1980, 1987, and 1995.

Figure 15c—Trends in number of all live cypress trees on Florida timberland by d.b.h. class,

1980, 1987, and 1995.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18+

Diameter class (inches)

Million trees

1980 1987 1995

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18+

Diameter class (inches)

Million trees

1980 1987 1995

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18+

Diameter class (inches)

Million trees

1980 1987 1995
19

Figure 16—Trends in acres planted to trees in Florida by ownership, 1970 to 1995 (U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service 1995).

Figure 17—Comparison of all live tree numbers for hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress on Florida

timberland, 1995.

Overall, Florida’s total growing-stock volume

approached 15.4 billion cubic feet, an increase of 7

percent since 1987. Gains in volume of hardwoods

accounted for more than one-half (56 percent) of the

overall increase.

The volume of hardwood growing stock increased by 10

percent after 1987 to 5.9 billion cubic feet in 1995 (fig.

18). This increase continues an upward trend in hardwood volume that began in 1970. Over two-thirds of the

hardwood growing-stock volume was located in lowland

hardwood stands. Collectively, all species of oak totaled

1.8 billion cubic feet and made up 31 percent of the

hardwood growing-stock volume. Tupelo and blackgum

totaled 1.5 billion cubic feet and accounted for 25 percent of the hardwood growing-stock volume. Bays and

magnolias totaled 0.9 billion cubic feet, or 14 percent of

the hardwood volume. Sweetgum totaled 0.6 billion

cubic feet, or 9 percent of hardwood volume. Soft maple

totaled 0.4 billion cubic feet and ash totaled 0.3 billion

cubic feet, or 7 and 6 percent of hardwood volume,

respectively. Among the hardwoods, the oak group

increased in volume, whereas tupelos and blackgums

remained relatively unchanged. Bays and magnolias, as

well as soft maples and sweetgum, increased in volume,

but ash decreased.

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18+

D.b.h. (inches)

Million trees

Hardwood

Yellow pine and other

Cypress

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

1980

1981

1982

1983

1984

1985

1986

1987

1988

1989

1990

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

Year

Thousand acres

 Public 

 Forest industry 

 Other private 

 All ownerships 
20

The volume of yellow pine growing stock (including

cedar) increased by 9 percent after 1987 to 7.1 billion

cubic feet in 1995. Despite continued gains in hardwood

volume, yellow pines also increased in volume, maintaining the majority of Florida’s total wood volume. Eightyeight percent of the State’s yellow pine volume consists

of just three species: slash, longleaf, and loblolly pines.

Volume of slash pine totaled 4.3 billion cubic feet,

representing 61 percent of the total yellow pine volume.

Volume of longleaf pine totaled 1.1 billion cubic feet, or

15 percent; and loblolly pine volume totaled 0.9 billion

cubic feet, or 13 percent of all yellow pine volume.

Within the yellow pine group, the volume of slash pine,

loblolly pine, and sand pine increased, but the volume of

longleaf pine and pond pine decreased. Changes in

volume of individual yellow pine species correspond

well with the changes in area for these forest types.

Unlike volume trends for hardwoods and yellow pine,

cypress volume decreased by 6 percent after 1987 to 2.3

billion cubic feet in 1995. This trend is consistent with

the reduction in timberland area dominated by the species.

Growth

Analysis of average net annual growth for a species or

species group is important when assessing resource

trends, and an essential step in determining net change.

By definition, net annual growth is gross growth minus

mortality. Mortality estimates will be addressed in the

next section.

Between 1987 and 1994, average net annual growth of

all growing stock in Florida totaled 693 million cubic

feet, an increase of 10 percent from that reported in

Figure 18—Volume trends for hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress growing stock in Florida for surveys

completed in 1987 and 1995.

Foresters checking age and growth of pine stand

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Hardwood Yellow pine and other Cypress

Species group

Billion cubic feet

1987 1995
21

1987 for the 1980 to 1986 period. Hardwood net annual

growth increased 14 percent to 161 million cubic feet

(fig. 19). Hardwoods accounted for 23 percent of

Florida’s total net annual growth. Lowland hardwood

stands provided 59 percent of the total net annual hardwood growth. Oak species accounted for nearly all of the

increase in hardwood growth.

Net annual growth of yellow pines was up by 14 percent

to 492 million cubic feet. Yellow pines accounted for 71

percent of the State’s net growth from 1987 to 1994.

Two-third’s of the pine growth occurred in pine plantations. Most of the yellow pine net growth increase came

from slash pines, even though the rate of increase in

growth was higher for loblolly pine.

In contrast, net annual growth of cypress decreased by

30 percent to 40 million cubic feet. Cypress accounted

for 6 percent of the State’s total net annual growth. The

State’s overall increase in net annual growth would have

been higher if it were not offset by the decrease in

cypress growth.

Mortality

Mortality is one component of change in the forest

resource. Cumulative mortality reduces cumulative

gross growth; net growth is the difference. Net growth

less removals equals net change in the resource. The

ability to minimize mortality can effect positive changes

in the resource. The causes of mortality include weather,

fire, insects, disease, animals, and suppression.

Figure 19—Average net annual growth trends for hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress growing stock in

Florida for survey periods 1980-1986 and 1987-1994.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Hardwood Yellow pine and other Cypress

Species group

Million cubic feet

1980-1986

1987-1994

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Fire—forest friend and foe
22

Resource managers have no control over the weather, but

proper forest management can reduce the impacts of

fire, insects, disease, and suppression (competing

vegetation). The cause of death was not apparent in a

significant portion of mortality due to the passage of

time and wood decomposition.

Between 1987 and 1994, the average annual rate of

mortality declined for all major species groups (fig. 20).

According to the 1995 survey, weather was the leading

cause of death in each major species group. The top

three causes of hardwood mortality were weather,

disease, and suppression. Total hardwood mortality

averaged 52 million cubic feet annually between 1987

and 1994, which reduced gross growth of hardwoods by

24 percent. In yellow pines and other softwoods, the

four main causes of death were weather, insects, disease,

and fire. Total yellow pine and other softwood mortality

averaged 46 million cubic feet annually between 1987

and 1994, and reduced gross growth of these species by

9 percent. Major contributors to cypress mortality were

weather, fire, and suppression. Total cypress mortality

averaged 7.7 million cubic feet annually between 1987

and 1994, which reduced gross growth of cypress by 16

percent.

Removals

Estimates of average annual removals also help identify

resource trends and, ultimately, enable us to determine

net change in the resource. Between 1987 and 1994,

average annual removals of growing stock in Florida

totaled 561 million cubic feet, an increase of 4 percent.

Even though yellow pines continued to dominate

removals (77 percent of total), the overall increase in

total removals for the State was driven by increased

hardwood and cypress removals.

Hardwood removals were up by 33 percent to an average

of 88 million cubic feet annually (fig. 21). Lowland

hardwood stands were the source for two-thirds of the

hardwood removals. Oak species made up almost onehalf (46 percent) of the hardwood removals. Tupelo and

blackgum accounted for the next largest portion of

hardwood removals at 15 percent, followed by sweetgum

at 13 percent.

Figure 20—Average annual mortality trends for hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress growing stock in

Florida for survey periods 1980-1986 and 1987-1994.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Hardwood Yellow pine and other Cypress

Species group

Million cubic feet

1980-1986

1987-1994

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry

Cypress and hardwood removals
23

Like hardwoods, removals of cypress increased. Cypress

removals were up by 28 percent to an average of 41

million cubic feet annually. Cypress removals accounted

for 7 percent of the State’s total average annual

removals. Increased demand for cypress mulch is one

factor contributing to the rise in cypress removals.

In contrast, annual removals of yellow pine were down 2

percent to an average of 432 million cubic feet. More

than one-half of the yellow pine removals was from pine

plantations, up from 43 percent between 1980 and 1986.

Slash pine made up 72 percent of yellow pine removals,

longleaf pine 11 percent, and loblolly pine 8 percent.

Sand pine, pond pine, shortleaf pine, spruce pine, and

cedars made up the remaining 9 percent of the total

yellow pine removals.

Net Change

By comparing growth to removals, we can identify net

change in Florida’s growing-stock inventory (fig. 22).

The difference between average net annual growth and

Figure 21—Average annual removal trends for hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress growing stock in

Florida for survey periods 1980-1986 and 1987-1994.

Figure 22—Net change in inventory expressed as the difference between growth versus removals for

hardwood, yellow pine, and cypress growing stock in Florida, 1995.

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Hardwood Yellow pine and other Cypress

Species group

Million cubic feet

1980-1986

1987-1994

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

Hardwood Yellow pine and other Cypress

Species group

Million cubic feet

Growth

Removals
24

average annual removals yields net change in the inventory. Hardwood removals increased substantially, thus

the ratio of hardwood growth to removals has narrowed

from 2.1 to 1 recorded in 1987 to 1.8 to 1 in 1995.

Hardwood growth still exceeded removals by a wide

margin, a situation that still bodes well for the hardwood

resource.

In 1995, growth of yellow pine exceeded removals by 14

percent. This represents a turnaround from the previous

survey, where yellow pine growth did not surpass

removals. The ratio of yellow pine growth to removals

improved from a slight deficit of 0.97 to 1 in 1987 to

1.14 to 1 in 1995, an improvement that resulted from an

increase in growth and a decrease in removals. A bright

outlook for the yellow pine resource depends on

sustained levels of growth and limited increases in

removals.

In contrast, removals of cypress exceeded growth by

2 percent. This represents a major change from the

previous survey, where cypress growth exceeded

removals. The cypress growth to removals ratio

decreased from 1.8 to 1 in 1987 to 0.98 to 1 in 1995.

The 1995 ratio approximates sustainable levels of

harvest. However, long-term prospects for the cypress

resource depend on future levels of demand, as well as

adequate regeneration and management. Without

sustainable harvests, and if the availability of older

stands ceased, the smaller areas in cypress forest type

less than 30 years old (fig. 14f) could signal future

supply problems.

Photo

—Bill Lea

Slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) coastal scrub
25

Timber Products Output

Economy

At 13 million people (U.S. Department of Commerce

1997b) and growing, Florida was the fourth most

populated State in the Nation during the survey period.

Urban development both taxes the timberland resource

for its products and reduces its land base. The State’s

forest industry meets most demands by managing for

sustained yields. Despite the loss of forest land to urban

and other nonforest uses, the manufacture of lumber,

paper, and other primary wood products, combined, ranks

fourth in the State’s manufacturing economy in terms of

number of employees; it ranks sixth in payroll dollars

(U.S. Department of Commerce 1997a). Nearly 40,000

workers were employed in manufacture of primary wood

products in 1995, with earnings over 1.0 billion dollars.

Almost 1,800 firms were involved in the manufacture of

primary wood products, while the processing of most

roundwood originated at the operation of 113 primary

wood-using plants. These were located in 40 of Florida’s

67 counties (fig. 23). Plant numbers were down from

143 recorded at the time of the 1987 survey (Johnson

and others 1997). The 113 primary mills operating in

1995 included 68 sawmills, 5 veneer mills, 8 pulpmills,

and 32 other mills.

Sources

Timber products output (TPO) data are collected

annually through canvasses of all primary woodprocessing plants in Florida. These data supplement FIA’s

periodic inventory of timber volume and removals, and

are necessary to track changes and trends in plant output

levels. Total output, averaged over each survey period, is

the sum of the volume of roundwood products from all

sources and the volume of plant byproducts. Appendix

tables 37 through 41 present estimates of average annual

timber removals and products output from 1987 through

1994. The import and export of harvested wood across

State boundaries is commonplace. The average total

output includes exports, because it is wood removed

from within Florida. For instance, Florida exported 78.6

million cubic feet of wood and imported 117.2 million

cubic feet in 1995. Most imports were of pulpwood

destined to mills near neighboring State lines.

Products

Florida’s total output of timber products, including

domestic fuelwood, averaged more than 607 million

cubic feet annually between 1987 and 1994 (appendix

table 37). Eighty-seven percent of the total output was

from roundwood products, and the remainder was

processed from plant byproducts. Plant byproducts were

processed to produce the remaining timber products.

The total output of timber products increased 10 percent

over the average annual 552 million cubic feet reported

between 1980 and 1986. Softwoods accounted for 87

percent of the TPO between 1987 and 1994, slightly less

than the 89 percent recorded between 1980 and 1986,

suggesting an increased use of hardwoods.

Pulpwood was the leading timber product in Florida,

accounting for 58 percent of total TPO (fig. 24).

Pulpwood output averaged 352 million cubic feet

annually between 1987 and 1994, with 86 percent from

roundwood and 14 percent from plant byproducts.

Softwoods constituted 88 percent of the pulpwood

volume, and hardwoods made up 12 percent. Pulpwood

Photo

—USDA Forest Service

Preparations at the logging deck
26

production increased significantly each of the last three

survey periods (1970 to 1979, 1980 to 1986, and 1987

to 1994).

Saw logs were the second leading timber product from

Florida’s forests. They made up 24 percent of total TPO,

averaging 146 million cubic feet annually between 1987

and 1994. Ninety-nine percent of saw logs came from

roundwood, not plant byproducts, and 96 percent of the

saw logs were softwoods. Production of saw logs has

gradually increased over each of the last three survey

periods.

Veneer logs and bolts accounted for 4 percent of

Florida’s total TPO, 90 percent of which were

softwoods. All of the 26.5 million cubic feet of veneer

produced annually came from roundwood products.

Production of veneer logs has increased over recent

survey periods, but is slowing.

Poles and pilings made up 1 percent of total products

output, averaging 6.3 million cubic feet annually. All

poles and pilings were produced from softwood

roundwood. Production of poles and pilings remained

fairly constant over the last three surveys. Posts

constituted only a fraction of 1 percent of total output.

There were 2.3 million cubic feet of posts, which were

92 percent softwood, and all were processed from

roundwood. Post production was down slightly from the

previous survey period.

Figure 23—Primary wood-using mills in Florida, 1995 (map created from mill canvas data by J. McCollum, U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service).

Lambert azimuthal projection

FLORIDA

Lambert azimuthal projection

Wood−using mills

Sawmills

Pulpmills

Veneer and plywood mills

Other miscellaneous mills

Scale of miles

0 40

Other miscellaneous mills

Pulpmills

Veneer and plywood mills

Sawmills

Wood-using mills
27

Figure 24—Average annual output of timber products by product, Florida, 1970-1994.

Domestic fuelwood accounted for 4 percent of total

output, and averaged 27 million cubic feet annually.

Eighty-five percent of fuelwood was hardwood, and all

but a fraction was roundwood. Fuelwood production

increased during the 1980 to 1986 period, but it leveled

off during the 1987 to 1994 period.

Other industrial products, e.g., liter, mulch, particle

board, charcoal, and other specialty items, averaged 47.3

million cubic feet annually, or 8 percent of total

products output. The average annual production of other

products increased by 58 percent from the 1980 to 1986

levels, and increased sixfold from the 1970 to 1979

average.

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry

Pine straw harvest and bales

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

Product

Million cubic feet

1970-1979

1980-1986

1987-1994

PulpwoodSaw

logs

Veneer

logs

Poles

and

pilings

Posts FuelwoodOther
28

Timber Supply Outlook

Model

This report has assessed the situation of Florida’s

timberland in 1995. An assessment of future supplies is

even more important in determining if the lumber, paper,

and other wood-using industries will maintain their

position in Florida’s economy.

To project future supplies, the Aggregate Timberland

Assessment System (ATLAS) (Mills and Kincaid 1992)

model was used. Inputs to run ATLAS included stand

volumes based on empirical yield tables, initial

timberland acreage by management units and age class,

inventory volume, and rates of net annual growth and

removals from the 1995 survey. Estimates of future

harvest levels were modeled on projected demand

scenarios in the 1993 Resources Planning Act (RPA)

Timber Assessment Update (Haynes and others 1995).

Based on projected demand inputs, the ATLAS model

simulates growth, harvest, and regeneration on

timberland within each management unit and age class.

Future timber inventory was projected for 30 years at

5-year intervals, using 1995 as the base year (Conner

and Sheffield, in press).

To project future inventories, the model assumed all

nonreserved timberland acres were available for timber

production and harvest; although in reality, availability

is not certain. Adverse sites (steep or wet), weather

(storms, fire, or flooding), small tract sizes, and owner

attitudes may limit or preclude logging. Therefore,

inventory projections derived from the model will

indicate a greater supply of wood than will probably be

available for harvest.

Projected demand is based on input assumptions that

may turn out to be invalid. Therefore, some outcomes

may be different due to changes in demand.

Projected Change in Timberland Area

Change in timberland area by stand type is a major

factor controlling current and future inventory levels.

The trends up to and including the 1995 data showed a

continued decline in the area of natural pine/oak-pine

stands and a continued increase in the area of planted

pine/oak-pine stands (fig. 25). Projected changes in area

by management unit from 1995 to 2025 were taken from

“The South’s fourth forest: alternatives for the future”

(U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service 1988)

study. Projected acreage figures were adjusted to coincide

with actual values from the 1995 survey. The projections

show planted pine/oak-pine stands continuing to

increase through 2025, but at a decreasing rate after

2010. Planted pine/oak-pine stands reach almost 6.0

million acres by 2025. Natural pine/oak-pine stands

Seasonally flooded bottomland hardwoods

Photo

—Florida Division of Forestry
29

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030

Year

Million acres

Planted pine/oak pine

Natural pine/oak pine

Hardwood

(1995)

Figure 25—Past trends and projected changes in timberland area by stand type, Florida, 1952-2025.

continue decreasing through 2025, with some slowing in

the rate of decrease after 2010. Area of natural pine/oakpine stands is projected to drop to less than 3.1 million

acres by 2025. Hardwood acres are expected to continue

a gradual decline over the next three decades. Area of

hardwood stands is projected to decline to 4.8 million

acres by 2025.

Projected Inventory

The ATLAS model is area-based and, therefore,

represents inventory as acres and volume per acre by age

class aggregated into inventory units. Two inventory

units were identified for the projections: yellow pine

species and hardwoods. The hardwood group includes

other softwoods, because cypress (the predominant other

softwood species) is primarily a component of stands

FIA classifies as a hardwood forest type.

Pine inventory is projected to increase throughout the

30-year projection period (1995 to 2025) by 41 percent to

9.8 billion cubic feet (fig. 26). Pine inventory on NIPF

land is projected to increase from 2.9 billion cubic feet in

1995 to 4.8 billion cubic feet in 2025. By 2025, 49

percent of the pine volume in Florida will be on NIPF

land, up from 42 percent in 1995. On forest industry

land, pine volume will fluctuate for 15 years after 1995,

then start a downward trend over the next 15 years. By

the end of the projection period, pine inventory on

industry land will drop from 2.1 billion cubic feet to less

than 1.7 billion cubic feet. Proportionately, industry will

control just 17 percent of the pine volume in 2025,

compared with 30 percent in 1995. On the other hand,

the southern yellow pine inventory is expected to

increase significantly on public land. Volume on that

acreage will increase from less than 2.0 billion cubic feet

in 1995 to 3.3 billion in 2025. If these projections are

accurate, one-third of the pine volume in Florida will be

under public ownership in 30 years.

Total hardwood inventory (including cypress and cedars)

is projected to increase gradually from 8.4 to 8.9 billion

cubic feet until 2015, then decline slightly to 8.8 billion

cubic feet in 2025 (fig.27). More than one-half

(54 percent) of the hardwood inventory in 1995 was on

NIPF land and remains so over the projection period.

However, the NIPF hardwood inventory, after peaking at

4.7 billion cubic feet in 2005, will gradually decrease to

4.4 billion cubic feet by 2025. By then, private

landowners will have 50 percent of the hardwood

inventory. The other half of Florida’s hardwood

inventory was equally split between forest industry and

public lands, and remains so throughout the projection

period. The 1.9 billion cubic feet of hardwood inventory

on forest industry land is expected to decrease slightly

through 2000, then gradually increase through 2025 to

nearly 2.2 billion cubic feet. The 1.9 billion cubic feet of

hardwood inventory on public lands is projected to

steadily increase through 2025, reaching 2.2 billion

cubic feet as well.
30

Projected Net Annual Growth and Removals

for Pine

Pine net annual growth is expected to increase through

2010, then dip slightly and peak at 603 million cubic feet

in 2020, followed by a significant drop to 543 million

cubic feet in 2025 (fig. 28). The largest increase occurs

between 1995 and 2000, from 489 to 554 million cubic

feet. Another sizable increase occurs between 2005 and

2010, from 560 to 600 million cubic feet. Growth

exceeds removals throughout the projection period.

Pine removal projections in figure 28 are based on

projected changes in softwood removals described in the

1993 RPA Timber Assessment Update (Haynes and

others 1995), using 1995 as the base year. The “demand”

columns in figure 28 represent projected increases in

demand for pine volume. The “removals” column

represents volume available for harvest. In ATLAS,

availability for harvest is simply a function of stands

older than a minimum harvest age. Minimum age varies

by ownership and harvest unit. A minimum harvest age

of 18 years is required for planted pine/oak-pine stands

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Year

Billion cubic feet

Public Forest industry NIPF

Figure 26—Projected trends in growing-stock volume of southern yellow pines by owner group, Florida,

1995-2025.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Year

Billion cubic feet

Public Forest industry NIPF

Figure 27—Projected trends in growing-stock volume of hardwoods by owner group, Florida, 1995-2025.
31

on NIPF and forest industry timberland. On these same

ownerships, natural pine/oak-pine stands must be 28

years old, and hardwood stands must be at least 38 years

old. On public timberland, the minimum harvest ages

are 23, 33, and 43 years, respectively. If ample inventory

volume exists in stands older than the minimum harvest

age, the volume projected to be harvested will equal the

anticipated demand.

Pine removals are projected to increase through 2005,

but to fall short of demand in 2010. Removal volume

recovers after 2010 and through 2020, until a lesser

shortfall occurs in 2025. The largest increase in pine

removals occurs between 1995 and 2005, rising from

431 to 487 million cubic feet. Pine removals fall to 393

million cubic feet in 2010, but rebound by 2015 and peak

at 519 million cubic feet in 2020. The slight drop to 492

million cubic feet in 2025 is still well above 1995

removal levels. Pine removals never exceed net growth;

they just fall short of supplying demand from within the

State’s boundaries in 2010 and 2025. These shortfalls

may result from stand-age structures related to decreased

planting in the 1990’s (fig. 16).

Pine demand is projected to increase through 2020

before declining somewhat (fig. 28). The largest periodic

increase in pine demand occurs between 2000 and 2010,

rising from 462 to 513 million cubic feet. The demand

then levels off through 2020, when it peaks at 519

million cubic feet. Pine demand finally decreases in 2025

to about 500 million cubic feet.

Projected Net Annual Growth and Removals for

Hardwoods

Projections for hardwood net annual growth and

removals vary greatly from those described for pine.

Hardwood net growth decreases steadily throughout the

projection period (fig. 29). Hardwood net growth peaked

at 204 million cubic feet in 1995 and will reach a low of

146 million cubic feet in 2025. Throughout the 30-year

period, growth remains above projected removal levels.

However, the gap narrows considerably over time;

hardwood net growth approximates removals by 2025.

Hardwood removals are projected to increase through

2000, then remain stable for the remainder of the

projection period. Therefore, the only projected increase

in hardwood removals is from 129 million cubic feet in

1995 to 144 million cubic feet in 2000. Hardwood

removals remain virtually unchanged through 2025 at

142 million cubic feet.

Because of ample supply, hardwood removals meet

projected demand throughout the projection period (fig.

29). This scenario could change after 2025, when the

excess in growth dissipates. In the meantime, the

apparently stable demand for hardwoods hides shifts

among ownerships, e.g., demand for hardwoods from

NIPF lands increases, as demand for hardwoods from

forest industry and public lands decreases. Hardwood

demand plateaus at 144 million cubic feet in 2000, then

decreases to 142 million cubic feet by 2025.

Figure 28—Projected trends in net annual growth, removals, and demand for southern yellow pine growing

stock, Florida, 1995-2025.

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Year

Million cubic feet

Net growth Removals Demand
32

Figure 29—Projected trends in net annual growth, removals, and demand for hardwood growing stock,

Florida, 1995-2025.

0

50

100

150

200

250

1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020 2025

Year

Million cubic feet

Net growth Removals Demand
33

Literature Cited

Bechtold, William A.; Brown, Mark J.; Sheffield, Raymond M. 1990.

Florida’s forests, 1987. Resour. Bull. SE-110. Asheville, NC: U.S.

Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest

Experiment Station. 83 p.

Bodle, Michael J.; Ferriter, Amy P.; Thayer, Daniel D. 1994. The

biology, distribution, and ecological consequences of melaleuca

qinquenervia in the Everglades. CCC 0-9634030-2-8. [Place of

publication unknown]: St. Lucie Press: 341-355.

Brown, Mark J. [In press]. Forest wetland statistics for the South

Atlantic States. Res. Pap. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

Conner, Roger A.; Sheffield, Raymond M. [In press]. Timber supply

outlook for Florida. Res. Pap. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station.

Cost, Noel D. 1978. Multiresource inventories—a technique for

measuring volume in standing trees. Res. Pap. SE-196. Asheville, NC:

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southeastern Forest

Experiment Station. 18 p.

Florida Department of Agriculture & Consumer Services, Division of

Forestry. 1999. Forest trees of Florida. 18th ed. Tallahassee, FL: Florida

Division of Forestry. 97 p.

Hansen, Mark H.; Frieswyk, Thomas; Glover, Joseph F.; Kelly, John F.

1992. The eastwide forest inventory database: users manual. Gen.

Tech. Rep. NC-151. St. Paul, MN: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, North Central Forest Experiment Station. 48 p.

Haynes, Richard W.; Adams, Darius M.; Mills, John R. 1995. The 1993

timber assessment update. Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-259. Fort Collins, CO;

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain

Forest and Range Experiment Station. 66 p.

Johnson, Tony G.; Jenkins, Anne; Haxby, Tom S. 1997. Florida’s timber

industry—an assessment of timber product output and use, 1995.

Resour. Bull. SRS-13. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture,

Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 29 p.

Mills, John R.; Kincaid, Joanna C. 1992. The aggregate timberland

assessment system-ATLAS: a comprehensive timber assessment

model. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-281. Portland, OR: U.S. Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station.

160 p.

Powell, Douglas S.; Faulkner, Joanne L.; Darr, David R., [and others].

1993. Forest resources of the United States, 1992. Gen. Tech. Rep.

RM-234. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest

Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station.

132 p. + map.

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Wetlands delineation manual.

Department of the Army, U.S. Army Corps of Eng. Tech. Rep. Y-87-1.

Vicksburg, MS: Department of the Army, Corps of Engineers,

Waterways Experiment Station. 100 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1988. The South’s

fourth forest: alternatives for the future. For. Res. Rep. 24. Washington,

DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 512 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1992. Forest Service

resource inventories: an overview. Washington, DC: U.S. Department

of Agriculture, Forest Service. 39 p.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 1995. Tree planting in

the United States-1995. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service. 17 p.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1997a. County

business patterns 1995, Florida. CBP/95-11. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office. 173 p.

U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. 1997b. Press

release # CB97-213. Est. July 1,1997. Washington, DC: U.S.

Government Printing Office. 3 p.
34

Appendix

Procedure

The procedures used in the seventh Statewide inventory

and evaluation of Florida's forest resources included

several basic steps.

1. In the Northwest and Northeast units, estimates of forest

and nonforest areas were based on the ground classification

of 85,107 sample clusters systematically spaced on the

latest aerial photographs available. A subsample of 6,513

of the 16-point clusters was ground checked, and a linear

regression was fitted to the data to develop the relationship between the photo and ground classification of the

subsample. This procedure provides a means for adjusting

initial estimates of area for changes in land use since date

of photography and for photo misclassification. In the

Central and South units, estimates of forest and nonforest

areas were based on the ground classification of 6,030

sample clusters systematically distributed across the

landscape. At each of the sample clusters, 16 points were

classified as to land use.

2. Estimates of timber volume and forest classification

were based on measurements recorded at 5,424 groundsample locations systematically distributed on timberland.

The plot design at each location was based on a cluster of

10 points. In most cases, variable plots, established by

using a basal-area factor of 37.5 square feet per acre, were

systematically spaced within a single forest condition at 5

of the 10 cluster points. Trees less than 5 inches in d.b.h.

were tallied on a fixed-radius plot around each point

center.

3. Seedlings, shrubs, vines, grasses, forbs, and other lesser

vegetation occurring within a 35-foot radius of selected

point centers were identified and recorded at each forest

sample location. Each distinctive zone of lesser vegetation

was classified by height, density, and species composition.

When merged with the tree tally, this information provided

a vegetative profile of each condition sampled. Additional

nontimber attributes measured or classified included land

use, terrain features, soils, erosion, litter, water, snags, tree

cavities, livestock grazing, and recreational use.

4. Equations prepared from detailed measurements

collected on standing trees in Florida, and similar

measurements taken throughout the Southeast, were used

to compute the volume of individual tally trees. A mirror

caliper and sectional aluminum poles were used to obtain

the additional measurements required to construct volume

equations (Cost 1978). Forest biomass estimates were made

with equations developed by the Ecology and Genetics of

Photo—Bill Lea

Live oak (Quercus virginiana Mill.) hammock
35

a Sampling error of value or area totals in question may be

computed with the following formula:

where

SEs = sampling error for subdivision of survey unit or

State total,

SE

t = sampling error for survey unit or State total,

Xs = sum of values for the variable of interest (area or

volume) for subdivision of survey unit or State,

X

t

 = total area or volume for survey unit or State.

b By random-sampling formula.

Southern Pine Ecosystems Research Work Unit of the

Southern Research Station in Athens, GA. In addition,

felled trees were measured at 50 active cutting operations

to provide utilization factors for the different timber

products and species groups, and to supplement the

standing-tree volume study.

5. Growth, removals, and mortality were estimated from

the remeasurement of 5,591 permanent sample plots

established at the time of the sixth inventory. Periodic

surveys of timber products output, conducted in

cooperation with the Florida Division of Forestry, along

with the annual pulpwood production study for the South,

provided additional information for breakdowns of

removals by product.

6. Ownership information was collected from correspondence, public records, and local contacts. In counties

where the sample missed a particular ownership class,

temporary samples were added and measured to describe

forest conditions within the ownership class.

7. All field data were sent to the Southern Research Station

in Asheville for editing and were entered into disk and

magnetic tape storage for processing. Final estimates were

based on statistical summaries of the data.

Reliability of the Data

Statistical analysis of these data indicates a sampling error

of ± 0.40 percent for timberland acreage, 1.65 percent for

total growing-stock volume, 1.72 percent for growingstock growth, and 3.59 percent for growing-stock removals. As the totals are broken down by forest type, species,

tree diameter, or other subdivisions, the sampling error

increases. If homogeneity of variances is assumed, the

order of this increase may be approximated by using the

following tabulation, showing the sampling errors in terms

of one standard error, or two chances out of three. For

example, a subset of the State totals with an estimate

of 7.5 billion cubic feet would have an estimated sampling

error of 2.37 percent, or 0.18 billion cubic feet. This

means that, two times out of three, the true growing-stock

volume for this subset would be within the range defined

by 7.5 ± 0.18, or from 7.3 to 7.7 billion cubic feet.

 = , s t

t

s

SE SE

X

X

Sampling error for selected areas and volumesa

Sampling Volume of growing stock

errorb Timberland Inventory Net growth Removals

Percent M acres Million cubic feet

1 2,344.5 41,834.2 

2 586.0 10,458.5

3 260.5 4,648.2 227.7 

4 146.5 2,614.6 128.1 451.7 

5 93.8 1,673.4 82.0 289.1

10 23.4 418.3 20.5 72.3

15 10.4 185.9 9.1 32.1

20 5.9 104.5 5.1 18.1

25 3.8 66.9 3.3 11.6
36

Definitions

Basal area. The area in square feet of the cross section at

breast height of a single tree or of all the trees in a stand,

usually expressed in square feet per acre.

Biomass. The aboveground green weight of solid wood

and bark in live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger from the

ground to the tip of the tree. All foliage is excluded. The

weight of wood and bark in lateral limbs, secondary limbs,

and twigs under 0.5 inch in diameter at the point of

occurrence on sapling-size trees is included but is

excluded on poletimber and sawtimber-size trees.

Bole. That portion of a tree between a 1-foot stump and a

4-inch top diameter outside bark (d.o.b.) in trees 5.0

inches d.b.h. and larger.

Broad management class. A classification of timberland

based on forest type and stand origin.

Pine plantation. Stands that have been artificially

regenerated by planting or direct seeding and with a

southern yellow pine, white pine-hemlock, or other

softwood forest type.

Natural pine. Stands that have not been artificially

regenerated and with a southern yellow pine, white

pine-hemlock, or other softwood forest type.

Oak-pine. Stands with a forest type of oak-pine.

Upland hardwood. Stands with a forest type of oakhickory, chestnut oak, southern scrub oak, or maplebeech-birch.

Lowland hardwood. Stands with a forest type of

oak-gum-cypress, elm-ash-cottonwood, palm, or

other tropical.

Census water. Streams, sloughs, estuaries, canals, and

other moving bodies of water 200 feet wide and greater,

and lakes, reservoirs, ponds, and other permanent bodies of

water 4.5 acres in area and greater.

Commercial forest land. (see: Timberland).

Commercial species. Tree species currently or potentially

suitable for industrial wood products. Noncommercial

species are excluded.

Cropland. Land under cultivation within the past 24

months, including orchards and land in soil-improving

crops but excluding land cultivated in developing improved pasture. Also includes idle farmland.

D.b.h. Tree diameter in inches (outside bark) at breast

height (4.5 feet above the ground).

Diameter class. A classification of trees based on tree

d.b.h. Two-inch diameter classes are commonly used by

Forest Inventory and Analysis, with the even inch as the

approximate midpoint for a class. For example, the 6-inch

class includes trees 5.0-6.9 inches d.b.h.

Farm. Land on which agricultural operations are being

conducted and sale of agricultural products totaled $1,000

or more during the year.

Farm operator. A person who operates a farm, either

doing the work or directly supervising the work.

Farmer-owned land. (see: Other private land).

Forest industry land. Land owned by companies or

individuals operating primary wood-using plants.

Forest industry-leased land. Land leased or under

management contracts to forest industry from other

owners for periods of one forest rotation or longer. Land

under cutting contracts is not included.

Forest land. Land at least 16.7 percent stocked by forest

trees of any size, or formerly having had such tree cover,

and not currently developed for nonforest use.

Forest type. A classification of forest land based on the

species forming a plurality of live-tree stocking.

White pine-hemlock. Forests in which eastern white pine,

red pine, or jack pine, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking. (Common associates

include hemlock, birch, and maple.)

Spruce-fir. Forests in which spruce or true firs, singly

or in combination, constitute a plurality of the stocking.

(Common associates include maple, birch, and hemlock.)
37

Growing-stock trees. Live sawtimber-size trees of

commercial species containing at least a 12-foot log, or

two noncontiguous saw logs each 8 feet or longer,

meeting minimum grade requirements (hardwoods must

qualify as a log grade of either 3 or 4; softwoods must

qualify as a log grade 3) with at least one-third of the

gross board-foot volume (International 1/4-inch rule)

between a 1-foot stump and the minimum saw-log top

being sound, or a live tree below sawtimber size that will

prospectively qualify under the above standards.

Growing-stock volume. Volume (cubic feet) of solid

wood in growing-stock trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger,

from a 1-foot stump to a minimum 4.0-inch top diameter,

outside bark, on the central stem. Volume of solid wood in

primary forks from the point of occurrence to a minimum

4.0-inch top diameter outside bark is included.

Hardwoods. Angiosperms; dicotyledonous trees (including all palm species which are monocotyledonous), usually

broadleaf and deciduous.

Soft hardwoods. Soft-textured hardwoods such as

boxelder, red and silver maples, hackberry, loblollybay, sweetgum, yellow-poplar, magnolia, sweetbay,

water tupelo, blackgum, sycamore, cottonwood,

black cherry, willow, basswood, and elm.

Hard hardwoods. Hard-textured hardwoods such as

sugar maple, birch, hickory, dogwood, persimmon

(forest grown), black locust, beech, ash, honeylocust,

holly, black walnut, mulberry, and all commercial oaks.

Idle farmland. Cropland, orchard, improved pasture, and

farm sites not tended within the past 2 years, and currently

less than 16.7 percent stocked with live trees.

Improved pasture. Land currently improved for grazing

by cultivation, seeding, irrigation, or clearing of trees or

brush.

Industrial wood. All roundwood products except fuelwood.

Ingrowth. The number or net volume of trees that grow

large enough during a specified year to qualify as saplings,

poletimber, or sawtimber.

Land area. The area of dry land and land temporarily or

partly covered by water such as marshes, swamps, and

river floodplains (omitting tidal flats below mean high

tide), streams, sloughs, estuaries, and canals less than 200

feet wide, and lakes, reservoirs, and ponds less than 4.5

acres in area.

Longleaf-slash pine. Forests in which longleaf or slash

pine, singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of

the stocking. (Common associates include oak, hickory,

and gum.)

Loblolly-shortleaf pine. Forests in which loblolly pine,

shortleaf pine, or other southern yellow pines, except

longleaf or slash pine, singly or in combination,

constitute a plurality of the stocking. (Common

associates include oak, hickory, and gum.)

Oak-pine. Forests in which hardwoods (usually upland

oaks) constitute a plurality of the stocking but in which

pines account for 25 to 50 percent of the stocking.

(Common associates include gum, hickory, and

yellow-poplar.)

Oak-hickory. Forests in which upland oaks or hickory,

singly or in combination, constitute a plurality of the

stocking, except where pines account for 5 to 50

percent, in which case the stand would be classified oakpine. (Common associates include yellow-poplar, elm,

maple, and black walnut.)

Oak-gum-cypress. Bottom-land forests in which tupelo,

blackgum, sweetgum, oaks, or southern cypress, singly

or in combination, constitue a plurality of the stocking,

except where pines account for 25 to 50 percent, in

which case the stand would be classified oak-pine.

(Common associates include cottonwood, willow, ash,

elm, hackberry, and maple.)

Elm-ash-cottonwood. Forests in which elm, ash, or

cottonwood, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

willow, sycamore, beech, and maple.)

Maple-beech-birch. Forests in which maple, beech, or

yellow birch, singly or in combination, constitute a

plurality of the stocking. (Common associates include

hemlock, elm, basswood, and white pine.)

Palm, other tropicals. Forests in which palms and other

tropicals constitute a plurality of the stocking.

Gross growth. Annual increase in merchantable volume of

trees in the absence of cutting and mortality. (Gross growth

includes survivor growth, ingrowth, growth on ingrowth,

growth on removals prior to removal, and growth on

mortality prior to death.)
38

Net volume. Gross volume of wood less deductions for

rot, sweep, or other defect affecting use for timber

products.

Noncommercial species. Tree species of typically small

size, poor form, or inferior quality which normally do not

develop into trees suitable for industrial wood products.

Nonforest land. Land that has never supported forests and

land formerly forested where timber production is precluded by development for other uses.

Nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land. (see: Other

private land).

Nonstocked forest land. Timberland less than 16.7

percent stocked with growing-stock trees.

Other forest land. Forest land other than timberland and

productive forest land. It includes available and reserved

forest land which is incapable of producing annually 20

cubic feet per acre of industrial wood under natural

conditions, because of adverse site conditions such as

sterile soils, dry climate, poor drainage, high elevation,

steepness, or rockiness.

Other private land. Privately owned land excluding forest

industry land or forest industry-leased land. Also referred

to as nonindustrial private forest (NIPF) land.

Farmer-owned land. Owned by farm operators,

excluding incorporated farm ownerships.

Other individual land. Owned by individuals other than

farm operators.

Other corporate land. Owned by corporations, including

incorporated farm ownerships.

Other removals. The growing-stock volume of trees

removed from the inventory by cultural operations such as

timber stand improvement, land clearing, and other

changes in land use that result in the removal of the trees

from timberland.

Plant residues. Wood material generated in the production

of timber products at primary manufacturing plants.

Coarse residues. Material, such as slabs, edgings, trim,

veneer cores and ends, which is suitable for chipping.

Fine residues. Material, such as sawdust, shavings,and

veneer chippings, which is not suitable for chipping.

Live trees. All trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger which are

not dead at the time of inventory.

Live-tree volume. Volume (cubic feet) of wood above

the ground line in live trees 1.0 inch d.b.h. and larger. The

volume in twigs and lateral limbs smaller than 0.5 inch in

diameter at the point of occurrence on sapling-size trees

is included but is excluded on poletimber and sawtimbersize trees.

Log grade. A classification of logs based on external

characteristics as indicators of quality or value.

Logging residues. The unused merchantable portion of

growing-stock trees cut or destroyed during logging

operations.

Manageable stand. Timberland at least 60 percent

stocked with growing-stock trees that can be featured

together under a management scheme.

Merchantable portion. That portion of live trees 5.0

inches d.b.h. and larger between a 1-foot stump and a

minimum 4.0-inch top diameter outside bark on the central

stem. That portion of primary forks from the point of

occurrence to a minimum 4.0-inch top diameter outside

bark is included.

Merchantable volume. Solid-wood volume in merchantable portion of live trees.

Miscellaneous Federal land. Federal land other than

National forests, land administered by the Bureau of Land

Management, and land administered by the Bureau of

Indian Affairs.

Miscellaneous private land. (see: Other private land).

Mortality. The merchantable volume in trees that have

died from natural causes during a specified period.

National forest land. Federal land that has been legally

designated as national forests or purchase units, and other

land under the administration of the Forest Service,

including experimental areas and Bankhead-Jones Title III

land.

Net annual growth. The net change in merchantable

volume for a specific year in the absence of cutting (gross

growth minus mortality for that specified year).
39

Roundwood products. Any primary product such as

lumber, poles, pilings, pulp, or fuelwood which is produced from roundwood.

Salvable dead trees. Standing or down dead trees

considered utilizable by Forest Inventory and Analysis

standards.

Saplings. Live trees 1.0 to 5.0 inches d.b.h.

Saw log. A log meeting minimum standards of diameter,

length, and defect, including logs at least 8 feet long,

sound and straight, and with a minimum diameter inside

bark for softwoods of 6 inches (8 inches for hardwoods).

Saw-log portion. That part of the bole of sawtimber trees

between a 1-foot stump and the saw-log top, including the

portion of forks large enough to contain a saw log.

Saw-log top. The point on the bole of sawtimber trees

above which a conventional saw log cannot be produced.

The minimum saw-log top is 7.0 inches in diameter

outside bark (d.o.b.) for softwoods and 9.0 inches (d.o.b.)

for hardwoods.

Sawtimber-size trees. Softwoods 9.0 inches d.b.h. and

larger and hardwoods 11.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Sawtimber volume. Growing-stock volume in the sawlog portion of sawtimber-size trees in board feet

(International 1/4-inch rule).

Seedlings. Trees less than 1.0 inch in d.b.h. Only seedlings

of a commercial species that are not overtopped and are

more than 6 inches tall for softwoods and 1 foot tall for

hardwoods are counted.

Site class. A classification of forest land in terms of

inherent capacity to grow crops of industrial wood based

on fully stocked natural stands, by annual production

capacity.

Softwoods. Gymnosperms; in the order Coniferales,

usually evergreen (includes the genus Taxodium which is

deciduous), having needles or scalelike leaves.

Pines. Yellow pine species which include loblolly,

longleaf, slash, pond, shortleaf, pitch, Virginia, sand,

spruce, and Table Mountain pines.

Other softwoods. Cypress, eastern redcedar, white

cedar, eastern white pine, eastern hemlock, spruce, and

fir.

Plant byproducts. Residues (coarse or fine) utilized in

the further manufacture of industrial products or for

consumer use, or utilized as fuel.

Unused plant residues. Residues (coarse or fine) that

are not used for any product, including fuel.

Poletimber-size trees. Live trees at least 5.0 inches

d.b.h. but smaller than sawtimber size.

Primary wood-using plants. Industries that receive

roundwood or chips from roundwood for the manufacture

of products such as veneer, pulp, and lumber.

Productive-reserved forest land. (see: Reserved

timberland).

Rangeland. Land on which the natural vegetation is

predominantly native grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, or

shrubs valuable for forage, not qualifying as timberland

and not developed for another land use. Rangeland

includes natural grassland and savannah.

Reserved timberland. Forest land sufficiently productive

to qualify as timberland, but withdrawn from timber

utilization through statute or administrative designation.

Rotten trees. Live trees of commercial species that do not

contain at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous

saw logs, each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively,

primarily because of rot or missing sections, and with less

than one-third of the gross board-foot tree volume in sound

material.

Rough trees. Live trees of commercial species that do not

contain at least one 12-foot saw log, or two noncontiguous

saw logs, each 8 feet or longer, now or prospectively,

primarily because of roughness, poor form, splits, and

cracks, and with less than one-third of the gross board-foot

tree volume in sound material; and live trees of noncommercial species.

Roundwood (roundwood logs). Logs, bolts, or other

round sections cut from trees for industrial or consumer

uses.

Roundwood chipped. Any timber cut primarily for

pulpwood, delivered to nonpulpmills, chipped, and then

sold to pulpmills as residues, including chipped tops, jump

sections, whole trees, and pulpwood sticks.
40

Survivor growth. The merchantable volume increment

on trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger in the inventory at the

beginning of the year and surviving to its end.

Timberland. Forest land that is capable of producing 20

cubic feet of industrial wood per acre per year and not

withdrawn from timber utilization.

Timber products. Roundwood products and byproducts.

Timber removals. The merchantable volume of trees

removed from the inventory by harvesting, cultural

operations such as stand improvement, land clearing, or

changes in land use.

Top. The portion of the main stem and forks from a

4.0-inch diameter outside bark to the tips of the main stem

and forks, plus all other limbs above the 4.0-inch top at

least 0.5 inch in diameter at their point of occurrence.

Treatment opportunity. A classification of the management or treatment that would most improve for timber

production the existing condition of the stand being

sampled.

Tree. Woody plants having one erect perennial stem or

trunk at least 3 inches d.b.h., a more or less definitely

formed crown of foliage, and a height of at least 13 feet.

Tree grade. A classification of sawtimber trees based on

the log grade of the butt log in the tree.

Upper-stem portion. That part of the main stem or fork

of sawtimber trees above the saw-log top to minimum top

diameter 4.0 inches outside bark or to the point where the

main stem or fork breaks into limbs.

Urban and other areas. Areas developed for residential,

industrial, or recreational purposes, school yards, cemeteries, roads, railroads, airports, beaches, powerlines and

other rights-of-way, or other nonforest land not included in

any other specified land use class.

Stand-size class. A classification of forest land based on

the diameter class distribution of live trees in the stand.

Sawtimber stands. Stands at least 16.7 percent stocked

with live trees, with half or more of total stocking in

sawtimber and poletimber trees, and with sawtimber

stocking at least equal to poletimber stocking.

Poletimber stands. Stands at least 16.7 percent stocked

with live trees, of which half or more of total stocking

is in poletimber and sawtimber trees, and with poletimber stocking exceeding that of sawtimber.

Sapling-seedling stands. Stands at least 16.7 percent

stocked with live trees of which more than half of total

stocking is saplings and seedlings.

State, county, and municipal land. Land owned by

States, counties, and local public agencies or municipalities, or land leased to these governmental units for 50

years or more.

Stocking. The degree of occupancy of land by trees,

measured by basal area or the number of trees in a stand

and spacing in the stand, compared with a minimum

standard, depending on tree size, required to fully utilize

the growth potential of the land.

Fully stocked. 100 percent or more stocking.

Medium stocked. 60 to 99 percent stocking.

Poorly stocked. Less than 60 percent stocking.

Density of trees and basal area per acre required for full

stocking

D.b.h. Trees per acre Basal area

class for full stocking per acre

Seedlings 600 —

 2 560 —

 4 460 —

 6 340 67

 8 240 84

 10 155 85

 12 115 90

 14 90 96

 16 72 101

 18 60 106

 20 51 111
41

Metric equivalents of units used in this report

1 acre = 4,046.86 square meters or 0.404686 hectare

1 cubic foot = 0.028317 cubic meter

1 inch = 2.54 centimeters or 0.0254 meter

Breast height = 1.4 meters aboveground level

1 square foot = 929.03 square centimeters or 0.0929 square meter

1 square foot per acre basal area = 0.229568 square meter per hectare

1 pound = 0.454 kilogram

1 ton = 0.907 metric ton

Conversion Factors

Cubic feet of wood per average cord (excluding bark)

D.b.h. All Other 

class species Pine softwood Hardwood 

6 61.4 61.0 68.2 60.0

8 69.3 68.1 76.0 68.4

10 74.5 73.1 81.4 73.4

12 77.9 76.7 85.2 76.4

14 80.3 79.4 88.2 78.4

16 81.9 81.6 90.4 79.8

18 83.0 83.3 92.3 80.8

20 83.8 84.8 93.8 81.5

22 84.4 86.0 95.1 82.1

24+ 84.8 87.7 98.0 83.2

Average 74.5 72.0 82.5 74.5

Rough cord per thousand cubic feet (without bark) =

Where pine other softwoods hardwoods

a = 10.01850 9.15960 11.68410

b = 34.42135 28.75973 3.74431

c = 22.73994 25.54418 157.39417

a + b

d.b.h.

c

2 1

 +  1



 



 



 



 dbh ...
42

Index of Detailed Tables

Area

1. Area by land class

2. Area of timberland by ownership class

3. Area of timberland by stand-size and ownership

classes

4. Area of timberland by stand-volume and

ownership classes

5. Area of timberland by stocking class of

growing-stock trees and ownership class

6. Area of timberland by site and ownership classes

7. Area of timberland by forest type and site index

class

8. Area of timberland by forest type and ownership

class

9. Area of timberland by forest type and stand-size

class

10. Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed

forest type, and survey unit

11. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, all ownerships

12. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, public ownerships

13. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, forest industry ownerships

14. Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest

management type, other private ownerships

15. Basal area per acre of live trees 5.0 inches d.b.h.

and larger by forest management type, species

group, and ownership class

16. Area of reserved timberland by forest-type group

and ownership class

Inventory of Trees, Volumes, and Biomass

17. Number of live trees on timberland by species

and diameter class

18. Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by

species and diameter class

19. Merchantable volume of live trees on timberland

by species and diameter class

20. Volume of growing stock on timberland by

species and diameter class

21. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species

and diameter class

22. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species,

size class, and tree grade

23. Volume of live timber and associated green

weight of forest biomass on timberland by class

of material, softwood, and hardwood

24. Total volume of live trees on timberland by species

and diameter class

25. Green weight of forest biomass on timberland by

species and diameter class

26. Volume of growing stock on timberland by species

and forest-type group

27. Volume of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class, species group, and diameter class

28. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership

class, species group, and diameter class

29. Volume of growing stock on timberland by broad

management class, species group, and stand-age class

Growth, Removals, and Mortality

30. Average net annual growth and removals of live

timber and growing stock on timberland by species
43

31. Average net annual growth and removals of growing

stock on timberland by ownership class, softwood,

and hardwood

32. Average net annual growth and removals of

sawtimber on timberland by species

33. Average net annual growth and removals of

sawtimber on timberland by ownership class,

softwood, and hardwood

34. Average annual mortality of live timber, growing

stock, and sawtimber on timberland by species

35. Average annual mortality of growing stock and

sawtimber on timberland by ownership class,

softwood, and hardwood

36. Average annual mortality of growing stock and

sawtimber on timberland by cause of death,

softwood, and hardwood

Utilization

37. Average annual output of timber products by

product, species group, and type of material

38. Average annual output of roundwood products

by product, species group, and source of material

39. Average annual timber removals from growing

stock on timberland by item, softwood, and hardwood

40. Average annual timber removals from live sawtimber

on timberland by item, softwood, and hardwood

41. Disposal of average annual volume of residue at

primary wood-using plants by product, species group,

and type of residue

Trend Tables

42. Land area by land use class, major forest type,

and survey completion date

43. Volume of sawtimber, growing stock, and live

timber on timberland by species group, survey

completion date, and diameter class

44. Merchantable volume of live timber by species

group, survey unit, and survey completion date

County Tables

45. Land area and total forest by county

46. Area of timberland by county and ownership class

47. Area of timberland by county and forest

management type

48. Merchantable volume of live timber 5.0 inches d.b.h.

and larger on timberland by county and species group

49. Volume of growing stock on timberland by county

and species group

50. Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and

species group

51. Net annual change of growing stock on timberland

by county and species group

52. Net annual change of sawtimber on timberland by

county and species group

53. Green weight of forest biomass on timberland by

county and species group
44

Table 1—Area by land class, 

Florida, 1995

Land class Area

Thousand acres

Forest land

 Timberland 14,650.7 

 Reserved timberland 522.7 

 Other 1,047.9 

 Total 16,221.2 

Nonforest land

 Cropland 3,616.3 

 Pasture and range 5,925.7 

 Othera 8,794.9

 Total 18,336.9 

All landb 34,558.1

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals

due to rounding.

a Includes swampland, industrial and urban areas, 

other nonforest land, and 153.1 thousand acres classed 

as water by Forest Inventory and Analysis standards

but defined by Bureau of Census as land.

b From the U.S. Bureau of Census, 1990.

Table 3—Area of timberland by stand-size and ownership classes, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

Forest 

 All National Other Forest industry- Other

Stand-size class ownerships forest public industry leased private

Thousand acres

Sawtimber 4,786.7 409.6 879.6 888.1 89.2 2,520.2 

Poletimber 4,024.0 242.3 419.1 1,191.6 274.2 1,896.8 

Sapling-seedling 5,412.3 348.7 462.7 1,804.1 205.1 2,591.6 

Nonstocked 427.7 28.9 40.8 131.6 17.5 208.8 

 All classes 14,650.7 1,029.5 1,802.3 4,015.5 586.0 7,217.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 2—Area of timberland by

ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class Area

Thousand acres

National forest 1,029.5 

Other Federal

 Bureau of Land Management — 

 Miscellaneous Federal 586.5 

 Total 586.5 

State 1,138.3 

County and municipal 77.5 

Forest industry 4,015.5 

Forest industry-leased 586.0 

Other private

 Farmer 994.8 

 Other individual 3,592.9 

 Other corporate 2,629.8 

 Total 7,217.4 

All ownerships 14,650.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals

due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 

0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
45

Table 5—Area of timberland by stocking class of growing-stock trees and 

ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 Forest 

 All National Other Forest industry- Other

Stocking class ownerships forest public industry leased private

Thousand acres

Overstocked 749.3 26.8 130.2 254.2 27.4 310.8 

Fully stocked 3,330.8 228.5 291.4 1,040.3 222.5 1,548.1

Moderately stocked 5,547.2 416.2 641.6 1,654.5 248.0 2,586.8

Poorly stocked 3,670.1 282.6 562.1 806.1 57.2 1,962.0

Nonstocked 1,353.3 75.4 177.0 260.4 30.9 809.7 

 All classes 14,650.7 1,029.5 1,802.3 4,015.5 586.0 7,217.4

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 6—Area of timberland by site and ownership classes, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 Forest 

 All National Other Forest industry- Other

Site class ownerships forest public industry leased private

Ft 3 /acre/year Thousand acres

> 164 18.6 2.1 1.9 — 14.6 — 

120-164 187.3 11.6 49.5 51.2 3.2 71.8 

85-119 1,944.3 111.0 160.1 629.3 114.9 929.0 

50-84 8,702.1 578.9 971.1 2,490.7 429.4 4,232.0

20-49 3,798.3 326.0 619.6 844.3 38.4 1,970.1

 All classes 14,650.7 1,029.5 1,802.3 4,015.5 586.0 7,217.4

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 4—Area of timberland by stand-volume and ownership classes, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 Forest 

 All National Other Forest industry- Other

Stand-volume class ownerships forest public industry leased private

Board feet/acre a Thousand acres

Less than 2,000 8,908.8 542.8 776.7 2,862.0 393.1 4,334.3 

2,000 - 3,999 1,772.5 147.7 265.5 376.9 79.2 903.2 

4,000 - 5,999 1,149.2 108.8 156.6 234.9 43.3 605.6 

6,000 - 7,999 876.5 57.0 182.4 161.2 33.9 442.0 

8,000 - 9,999 658.6 68.5 128.7 140.8 19.0 301.5 

10,000 or more 1,285.0 104.7 292.4 239.7 17.4 630.8 

 All classes 14,650.7 1,029.5 1,802.3 4,015.5 586.0 7,217.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a

 International 1/4-inch rule.
46

Table 7—Area of timberland by forest type and site index class, Florida, 1995

 All Site index class (50-year base)

Forest type classes < 50 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 100-109 110-119 > 119

Thousand acres

Softwood types 

 Longleaf pine 740.5 2.7 244.5 221.9 182.5 78.2 10.7 — — —

 Slash pine 5,130.9 70.5 451.5 1,468.5 2,106.3 856.4 159.0 18.8 — —

 Loblolly pine 807.3 2.5 21.9 160.5 351.4 158.6 77.2 33.3 1.9 —

 Shortleaf pine 16.9 — 2.7 — 8.5 2.9 2.9 — — —

 Sand pine 633.8 10.0 182.6 286.9 133.1 16.3 5.0 — — —

 Pond pine 108.5 2.7 43.1 32.4 27.9 2.4 — — — —

 Total 7,437.8 88.4 943.5 2,172.8 2,809.6 1,114.9 254.7 52.1 1.9 —

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine 1,479.0 28.5 379.3 398.6 401.8 200.9 57.9 12.0 — —

 Oak–hickory 1,437.9 8.1 175.3 453.9 491.1 259.3 44.2 2.6 3.2 —

 Southern scrub oak 575.5 16.3 363.8 142.2 50.4 2.9 — — — —

 Oak–gum–cypress 3,678.5 34.0 579.1 1,385.5 1,213.8 344.7 104.5 11.2 5.8 —

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 42.0 4.9 — 18.5 7.9 2.9 7.8 — — —

 Total 7,212.9 87.0 1,502.3 2,398.7 2,165.0 810.7 214.4 25.9 8.9 —

All types 14,650.7 175.3 2,445.8 4,571.5 4,974.6 1,925.5 469.0 78.0 10.9 —

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 8—Area of timberland by forest type and ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 Forest 

 All National Other Forest industry- Other

Forest type ownerships forest public industry leased private

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 Longleaf pine 740.5 175.8 225.4 72.7 266.6 — 

 Slash pine 5,130.9 328.6 425.3 1,994.1 347.2 2,035.6 

 Loblolly pine 807.3 7.1 23.9 299.0 22.4 454.9 

 Shortleaf pine 16.9 — 9.1 — 7.8 — 

 Sand pine 633.8 187.6 95.9 162.8 187.5 — 

 Pond pine 108.5 26.4 7.9 14.6 59.7 — 

 Total 7,437.8 725.5 778.4 2,552.3 369.6 3,012.1 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine 1,479.0 82.9 222.7 295.6 45.4 832.5 

 Oak–hickory 1,437.9 14.2 106.0 160.2 32.5 1,125.0 

 Southern scrub oak 575.5 33.8 100.6 29.8 7.9 403.4 

 Oak–gum–cypress 3,678.5 173.1 589.3 960.8 130.7 1,824.5 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 42.0 5.2 — 16.8 20.0 — 

 Total 7,212.9 304.1 1,023.9 1,463.2 216.4 4,205.3 

All types 1,029.5 14,650.7 1,802.3 4,015.5 586.0 7,217.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
47

Table 9—Area of timberland by forest type and stand-size class, Florida, 1995

Stand-size class

 All Sapling- Nonstocked

Forest type stands Sawtimber Poletimber seedling areas 

Thousand acres

Softwood types

 Longleaf pine 740.5 402.7 77.8 234.9 25.1 

 Slash pine 5,130.9 929.4 1,895.6 2,080.1 225.6 

 Loblolly pine 807.3 164.8 223.6 419.0 —

 Shortleaf pine 16.9 7.8 2.7 6.4 —

 Sand pine 633.8 95.1 205.2 323.8 9.6 

 Pond pine 108.5 54.9 32.3 18.3 3.0 

 Total 7,437.8 1,654.7 2,437.2 3,082.5 263.3 

Hardwood types

 Oak–pine 1,479.0 457.0 267.8 738.5 15.7 

 Oak–hickory 1,437.9 631.0 287.6 497.1 22.2 

 Southern scrub oak 575.5 20.4 62.3 482.6 10.2 

 Oak–gum–cypress 3,678.5 2,012.9 957.2 592.3 116.2 

 Elm–ash–cottonwood 42.0 10.7 12.0 19.3 —

 Total 7,212.9 3,132.0 1,586.8 2,329.8 164.3 

All types 14,650.7 4,786.7 4,024.0 5,412.3 427.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
48

Table 10—Area of timberland by forest-type group, detailed forest type, and survey unit, Florida, 1995 

Forest type-group 

and detailed forest type State Northeast Northwest Central South

Thousand acres

Longleaf–slash

 Longleaf pine 740.5 190.9 434.3 109.5 5.7 

 Slash pine 5,130.9 2,776.4 1,811.0 392.1 151.3 

 Total 5,871.3 2,967.4 2,245.3 501.6 157.0 

Loblolly–shortleaf

 Loblolly pine 807.3 282.2 520.0 5.1 —

 Shortleaf pine 16.9 16.9 — — —

 Sand pine 633.8 264.4 291.3 75.2 2.9 

 Pond pine 108.5 35.6 32.1 40.8 —

 Total 1,566.4 582.1 860.4 121.1 2.9 

 Total, all softwoods 3,549.5 7,437.8 3,105.7 622.7 159.9 

Oak–pine

 Eastern redcedar–hardwood 10.1 7.5 2.7 — —

 Longleaf pine–scrub oak 392.9 91.5 211.6 89.8 —

 Shortleaf pine–oak 15.9 15.9 — — —

 Loblolly pine–hardwood 292.2 136.8 144.8 10.6 —

 Slash pine–hardwood 594.6 268.9 224.9 79.9 20.9 

 Other oak–pine 173.3 77.7 54.4 38.2 2.9 

 Total 1,479.0 582.4 651.6 221.2 23.7 

Oak–hickory

 Post oak–black oak 2.4 2.4 — — —

 White oak–red oak–hickory 19.0 7.9 2.8 8.2 —

 Yellow-poplar–white oak–n. red oak 2.4 2.4 — — —

 Southern scrub oak 575.5 251.1 188.4 133.2 2.8 

 Sweetgum–yellow-poplar 102.4 54.1 39.9 8.4 —

 Mixed hardwood 1,311.7 583.0 386.8 319.3 22.7 

 Total 2,013.3 896.1 622.7 469.1 25.5 

Oak–gum–cypress

 Swamp chestnut oak–cherrybark oak 4.3 2.9 1.4 — —

 Sweetgum–water oak–willow oak 344.3 616.9 209.2 57.8 5.7 

 Sugarberry–elm–green ash 192.5 88.1 36.7 64.9 2.8 

 Overcup oak–water hickory 24.7 3.8 20.9 — —

 Atlantic white cedar 37.2 37.2 — — —

 Cypress–water tupelo 1,129.2 382.5 252.1 331.2 163.4 

 Sweetbay–blackgum–red maple 1,436.6 629.1 535.9 254.7 16.8 

 Total 3,441.3 1,450.7 1,093.4 708.5 188.7 

Elm–ash–cottonwood

 River birch–sycamore 13.1 13.1 — — —

 Willow 26.0 17.2 4.6 4.2 —

 Sycamore–pecan–elm 2.9 2.9 — — —

 Total 42.0 20.1 17.7 4.2 —

Palm–other tropical

 Palm 210.1 58.3 2.4 90.1 59.3 

 Other tropical 27.2 — 7.5 — 19.6 

 Total 237.2 58.3 2.4 97.6 78.9 

 Total, all hardwoods 3,007.6 7,212.9 2,387.7 1,500.7 316.9 

All types 14,650.7 6,557.1 5,493.4 2,123.4 476.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
49

Table 11—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, 

all ownerships, Florida, 1995

Forest management type

 All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

Stand-age class classes plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Years Thousand acres

0-10 2,935.9 2,059.9 257.7 277.0 206.8 134.5 

11-20 1,980.7 1,404.6 241.7 132.1 112.7 89.6 

21-30 1,249.0 807.0 192.0 55.8 72.7 121.5 

31-40 807.1 255.8 275.4 61.1 36.3 178.5 

41-50 915.3 25.0 373.7 100.7 80.6 335.4 

51-60 890.4 6.9 291.6 96.7 85.1 410.1 

61-70 736.4 189.3 — 55.8 54.0 437.3 

71-80 482.8 2.6 56.5 26.4 42.3 355.1 

81+ 681.4 43.1 — 55.6 73.7 509.0 

No manageable stand 3,971.7 72.1 883.2 617.7 1,249.1 1,149.6 

 All classes 14,650.7 4,633.7 2,804.1 1,479.0 2,013.3 3,720.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 12—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, 

public ownerships, Florida, 1995

Forest management type

 All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

Stand-age class classes plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Years Thousand acres

0-10 253.5 133.0 52.8 40.0 9.2 18.6 

11-20 245.8 169.4 44.7 11.2 16.2 4.3 

21-30 200.2 137.5 36.1 9.4 3.2 14.0 

31-40 167.3 45.6 88.1 7.5 26.1 — 

41-50 212.5 14.9 137.5 17.3 4.2 38.5 

51-60 271.8 2.1 172.1 16.6 81.0 — 

61-70 277.1 130.7 — 17.3 2.7 126.4 

71-80 143.7 41.2 — 2.7 99.9 — 

81+ 215.5 37.9 — 10.4 10.1 157.0 

No manageable stand 844.3 19.0 241.3 173.1 209.0 202.0 

 All classes 2,831.8 521.5 982.4 305.6 254.7 767.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
50

Table 13—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, 

forest industry ownerships,a Florida, 1995

Forest management type

 All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

Stand-age class classes plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Years Thousand acres

0-10 1,321.4 1,100.3 44.2 83.6 42.1 51.2 

11-20 946.8 794.1 36.0 57.4 14.5 44.8 

21-30 521.3 449.1 19.3 13.5 4.7 34.7 

31-40 201.5 102.8 33.8 10.9 5.7 48.2 

41-50 220.2 5.6 71.0 22.0 8.4 113.2 

51-60 195.4 2.4 30.2 36.3 2.6 123.9 

61-70 169.0 27.3 — 11.1 14.3 116.4 

71-80 98.4 2.6 5.4 3.2 10.6 76.6 

81+ 133.1 2.6 — 14.7 3.0 112.9 

No manageable stand 794.2 25.2 170.1 88.3 124.3 386.4 

 All classes 4,601.5 2,482.0 439.9 341.0 230.3 1,108.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a

 Includes 586.0 thousand acres of other private land under long-term lease.

Table 14—Area of timberland by stand-age class and forest management type, 

other private ownerships,a Florida, 1995

Forest management type

 All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland 

Stand-age class classes plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Years Thousand acres

0-10 1,360.9 826.6 160.7 153.4 155.5 64.7 

11-20 788.1 441.2 160.9 63.6 82.0 40.5 

21-30 527.5 220.4 136.6 32.9 64.8 72.8 

31-40 438.2 107.3 153.4 42.6 30.6 104.2 

41-50 482.5 4.5 165.1 61.3 68.0 183.6 

51-60 423.2 2.4 89.3 43.8 82.5 205.2 

61-70 290.2 31.2 — 27.5 37.0 194.5 

71-80 240.7 10.0 — 20.5 31.6 178.6 

81+ 332.8 2.6 — 30.5 60.6 239.1 

No manageable stand 2,333.2 27.9 471.9 356.4 915.8 561.2 

 All classes 7,217.4 1,630.3 1,381.8 832.5 1,528.3 1,844.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a

 Excludes 586.0 thousand acres of other private land under long-term lease.
51

Table 16—Area of reserved timberland by forest-type group and

ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 All National Miscellaneous

Forest-type group areas forest Federal State County

Thousand acres

Longleaf–slash pine 34.2 10.8 1.4 19.7 2.3 

Loblolly–shortleaf pine 58.5 12.9 23.9 20.7 1.0 

Oak-pine 24.4 8.7 1.2 14.1 0.4 

Oak–hickory 58.3 17.0 2.1 35.9 3.3 

Oak–gum-cypress 330.6 21.7 225.7 75.9 7.3 

Elm-ash-cottonwood 6.7 0.7 5.0 — 1.0 

Other forest 10.0 3.8 0.5 5.3 0.4 

 All types 522.7 75.6 254.8 176.6 15.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 15—Basal area per acre of live trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger by forest

management type, species group, and ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 Forest

Forest management type National Other Forest industry- Other

and species group forest public industry leased private

Square feet

Pine plantation

 Softwood 35.3 22.7 46.8 34.7 40.5 35.8

 Hardwood 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.5

 Total 36.5 24.0 48.9 35.7 41.5 37.3

Natural pine

 Softwood 46.2 54.3 52.2 41.6 41.6 42.4

 Hardwood 6.3 4.7 8.1 6.0 12.7 6.0

 Total 52.5 59.0 60.3 47.7 54.3 48.4

Oak–pine

 Softwood 25.4 22.6 31.9 29.0 20.9 22.8

 Hardwood 24.2 11.7 18.3 22.9 26.8 27.6

 Total 49.6 34.3 50.1 51.9 47.8 50.4

Upland hardwood

 Softwood 3.7 4.7 5.4 3.0 2.7 3.6

 Hardwood 40.9 12.9 40.4 28.9 42.9 43.3

 Total 44.6 17.6 45.8 31.9 45.6 46.9

Lowland hardwood

 Softwood 32.9 42.1 34.0 25.6 33.4 35.3

 Hardwood 64.5 72.0 83.5 58.6 63.1 60.8

 Total 97.4 114.1 117.5 84.2 96.5 96.0

All classes

 Softwood 31.4 38.4 37.4 31.2 34.6 28.7

 Hardwood 26.0 15.7 36.3 18.8 20.0 29.1

 Total 57.4 54.1 73.7 50.0 54.6 57.8

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

ownerships

All
52

Table 17—Number of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

 Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 179,618 75,181 34,336 17,424 11,961 13,737 13,139 8,624 3,764 993 346 113 —

 Slash pine 1,752,081 530,791 547,152 381,953 177,263 63,338 26,989 13,280 6,453 2,997 1,188 666 11 

 Shortleaf pine 4,483 1,846 499 624 506 155 234 238 216 76 49 40 —

 Loblolly pine 327,082 118,507 107,765 57,262 20,255 9,103 5,502 3,261 2,301 1,284 915 897 30 

 Pond pine 24,930 5,012 6,423 3,780 3,701 2,334 1,549 1,188 517 255 85 86 —

 Spruce pine 5,357 3,310 659 211 521 149 133 111 79 82 57 41 4 

 Sand pine 342,365 169,185 101,460 42,125 18,010 6,026 3,095 1,410 712 214 107 21 —

 Baldcypress 68,636 18,232 14,169 9,606 8,145 6,177 4,391 3,567 1,966 1,089 595 594 105 

 Pondcypress 591,798 264,064 136,498 74,663 48,761 31,565 18,517 9,962 4,261 1,784 885 776 62 

 Cedars 33,503 16,750 6,153 3,217 2,331 1,998 1,375 852 401 211 132 79 4 

 Total softwoods 3,329,853 1,202,878 955,114 590,865 291,454 134,582 74,924 42,493 20,670 8,985 4,359 3,313 216 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 3,955 8,555 1,982 1,183 539 235 268 121 89 74 58 44 7 

 Select red oaksb 340 430 — 67 — — 16 — — — 7 — —

 Other white oaks 229,683 123,330 50,582 20,579 9,833 6,476 4,555 3,216 3,134 2,064 1,608 3,176 1,130 

 Other red oaks 830,230 574,266 126,593 51,582 26,785 17,905 13,001 7,724 4,677 3,091 1,892 2,274 440 

 Hickory 30,755 18,307 3,806 3,340 1,359 1,312 639 774 480 330 164 233 11 

 Hard maple 6,184 4,056 848 485 307 124 112 146 20 39 9 38 —

 Soft maple 283,167 177,912 52,083 20,518 12,724 8,202 4,245 3,496 1,928 932 575 507 45 

 Beech 1,993 1,317 331 83 63 39 37 — 28 24 17 50 4 

 Sweetgum 233,007 138,247 45,382 19,950 9,983 7,889 4,744 3,371 1,704 796 471 442 28 

 Tupelo and blackgum 716,527 379,052 164,292 74,373 40,938 22,740 15,450 9,305 4,997 2,666 1,272 1,293 149 

 Ash 252,925 148,755 55,672 23,745 10,345 6,538 3,514 1,798 1,208 671 347 313 19 

 Cottonwood 419 342 — 71 — — — — — — 6 — —

 Basswood 5,381 2,911 1,303 328 354 107 88 118 92 47 10 23 —

 Yellow-poplar 15,372 6,759 3,336 1,842 787 1,068 528 385 233 184 134 108 8 

 Bay and magnolia 576,636 338,705 123,621 53,658 25,872 14,969 9,282 5,278 2,626 1,299 628 656 42 

 Black cherry 28,693 19,341 5,667 1,890 1,076 409 130 76 57 36 11 — —

 Black walnut 441 168 168 105 — — — — — — — — —

 Sycamore 411 157 — 72 — 47 — 39 15 35 19 19 8 

 Elm 43,750 21,310 12,040 4,389 2,336 1,516 768 629 333 211 89 121 8 

 Other Eastern 

 hardwoods 1,039,628 778,790 175,357 52,195 18,156 8,732 3,095 1,641 769 428 254 176 35 

 Total hardwoods 4,304,187 2,737,863 823,220 330,245 161,667 98,261 60,466 38,170 22,390 12,927 7,558 9,486 1,934 

All species 3,940,741 7,634,040 1,778,334 921,110 453,121 232,843 135,390 80,663 43,060 21,912 11,917 12,799 2,150 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks. b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
53

Table 18—Number of growing-stock trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

 Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand trees

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 175,735 71,885 34,171 17,120 11,961 13,737 13,062 8,605 3,747 993 346 108 —

 Slash pine 1,726,560 513,651 542,401 379,127 176,824 63,068 26,966 13,241 6,438 2,985 1,188 660 11 

 Shortleaf pine 4,068 1,508 499 624 429 155 234 238 216 76 49 40 —

 Loblolly pine 320,793 114,915 106,302 56,344 20,111 8,986 5,472 3,242 2,301 1,284 915 891 30 

 Pond pine 22,575 4,070 5,479 3,408 3,650 2,301 1,549 1,188 504 255 85 86 —

 Spruce pine 4,528 2,481 659 211 521 149 133 111 79 82 57 41 4 

 Sand pine 328,971 158,094 100,041 41,702 17,745 5,914 3,028 1,393 712 214 107 21 —

 Baldcypress 61,384 12,910 12,851 9,467 7,945 6,177 4,368 3,505 1,919 1,078 595 533 36 

 Pondcypress 531,362 225,867 124,456 69,650 46,319 30,304 17,977 9,642 3,975 1,652 817 663 40 

 Cedars 29,991 15,378 4,875 2,991 1,975 1,887 1,222 852 385 211 132 79 4 

 Total softwoods 3,205,967 1,120,759 931,734 580,644 287,480 132,678 74,011 42,017 20,276 8,830 4,291 3,122 125 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 2,137 5,935 1,477 986 472 235 241 121 89 74 58 38 7 

 Select red oaksb 90 — — 67 — — 16 — — — 7 — —

 Other white oaks 42,018 16,075 9,070 4,269 3,239 1,799 1,165 1,254 1,320 885 737 1,617 588 

 Other red oaks 531,889 327,027 96,606 42,201 22,391 15,816 11,352 6,597 3,835 2,519 1,535 1,732 278 

 Hickory 14,138 4,974 1,746 2,802 995 1,204 586 719 408 318 155 220 11 

 Hard maple 1,238 321 274 — 307 87 57 86 20 39 9 38 —

 Soft maple 121,155 56,079 28,365 12,732 8,953 6,048 3,237 2,695 1,392 766 464 399 25 

 Beech 1,121 652 175 83 63 39 37 — 24 — 17 27 4 

 Sweetgum 167,608 85,861 34,994 18,644 9,496 7,541 4,613 3,216 1,646 735 462 385 15 

 Tupelo and blackgum 391,743 132,619 112,889 61,084 34,935 19,995 13,317 8,241 4,402 2,259 998 918 86 

 Ash 86,315 37,784 18,589 12,121 6,393 5,051 2,932 1,403 940 602 256 241 3 

 Cottonwood 71 — — 71 — — — — — — — — —

 Basswood 2,920 1,616 644 125 177 65 50 98 77 35 10 23 —

 Yellow-poplar 13,806 5,768 2,851 1,842 731 1,068 528 385 233 184 125 83 8 

 Bay and magnolia 368,085 193,993 80,789 42,608 21,480 12,196 8,072 4,542 2,200 1,172 470 529 34 

 Black cherry 15,437 8,189 4,058 1,543 1,012 361 105 76 57 25 11 — —

 Sycamore 411 157 — 72 — 47 — 39 15 35 19 19 8 

 Elm 21,169 7,137 6,736 2,645 1,855 1,116 472 588 275 165 71 105 4 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 19,779 9,191 5,186 2,447 1,200 672 472 334 167 35 45 30 —

 Total hardwoods 1,804,928 889,423 404,332 206,406 113,909 73,293 47,246 30,447 17,076 9,872 5,442 6,411 1,071 

All species 2,010,182 5,010,895 1,336,066 787,050 401,389 205,971 121,257 72,464 37,352 18,702 9,733 9,533 1,196 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
54

Table 19—Merchantable volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 1,060.2 49.3 83.5 183.2 268.9 251.5 145.3 49.3 20.1 9.1 —

 Slash pine 4,317.5 968.5 1,114.4 758.5 529.6 387.4 259.3 156.4 78.7 62.7 2.1 

 Shortleaf pine 39.4 1.7 3.0 1.9 5.0 7.9 9.1 3.9 3.3 3.6 —

 Loblolly pine 899.0 140.4 114.7 106.7 107.1 99.4 94.8 70.5 65.9 92.8 6.7 

 Pond pine 161.6 9.8 22.4 26.2 28.0 30.7 19.7 11.7 5.6 7.7 —

 Spruce pine 30.6 1.0 3.9 1.8 2.4 3.9 3.9 4.7 3.8 4.3 0.8 

 Sand pine 494.7 137.6 138.4 76.4 59.8 39.4 25.2 10.4 5.9 1.5 —

 Baldcypress 556.8 32.0 57.0 74.1 79.4 94.7 71.3 50.6 34.9 46.6 16.2 

 Pondcypress 1,840.7 243.6 336.3 367.7 323.8 248.6 140.6 75.0 44.6 52.7 7.9 

 Cedars 125.1 9.1 13.1 20.6 22.1 22.0 13.7 9.6 7.7 6.6 0.6 

 Total softwoods 9,525.6 1,593.0 1,886.8 1,617.1 1,426.0 1,185.4 782.9 442.0 270.4 287.6 34.3 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 3.3 31.5 2.4 2.7 4.5 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 3.0 1.3 

 Select red oaksb 1.6 0.4 — — 0.6 — — — 0.6 — —

 Other white oaks 900.6 46.8 45.4 52.2 56.6 60.1 81.9 70.9 72.6 224.3 189.8

 Other red oaks 1,569.0 146.7 160.0 197.5 225.6 188.2 154.8 135.9 104.2 188.5 67.6 

 Hickory 132.0 8.1 7.9 14.7 11.4 20.8 17.9 16.9 11.2 21.3 1.8 

 Hard maple 16.2 1.3 1.7 1.2 1.9 3.4 0.6 1.9 0.6 3.5 —

 Soft maple 561.7 57.0 76.2 88.2 73.6 84.7 63.1 41.1 32.7 38.9 6.1 

 Beech 9.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 — 0.6 1.0 1.0 3.9 0.9 

 Sweetgum 584.9 52.4 62.5 97.4 93.2 96.1 65.8 41.9 32.0 39.9 3.7 

 Tupelo and blackgum 1,658.8 207.1 242.4 252.5 269.8 236.3 170.0 112.5 62.3 87.4 18.4 

 Ash 419.3 56.5 59.0 73.4 64.8 45.6 41.9 32.1 19.1 25.0 1.9 

 Cottonwood 0.6 0.3 — — — — — — 0.3 — —

 Basswood 15.9 1.0 2.0 1.4 1.2 2.8 3.2 1.9 0.6 1.8 —

 Yellow-poplar 85.3 6.3 6.0 12.7 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.8 8.5 10.2 1.2 

 Bay and magnolia 982.4 148.8 157.4 161.6 155.7 126.3 85.4 57.3 33.5 50.2 6.2 

 Black cherry 23.8 5.1 6.0 4.6 2.3 2.1 1.7 1.7 0.4 — —

 Black walnut 0.2 0.2 — — — — — — — — —

 Sycamore 9.5 0.5 — 0.9 — 1.1 0.5 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.7 

 Elm 105.9 9.9 13.3 15.7 12.0 15.5 13.2 9.2 5.4 10.6 1.2 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 381.2 101.2 76.8 70.2 41.9 31.6 20.1 15.6 11.2 9.8 2.9 

 Total hardwoods 7,490.0 852.0 920.7 1,046.4 1,025.9 929.5 734.7 555.2 400.1 721.0 304.6

All species 2,445.0 17,015.7 2,807.5 2,663.5 2,451.9 2,114.9 1,517.6 997.2 670.6 1,008.6 338.9

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b

 Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
55

Table 20—Volume of growing stock on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 1,057.5 48.4 83.5 183.2 268.1 251.0 145.0 49.3 20.1 8.8 —

 Slash pine 4,304.7 963.1 1,112.1 756.3 528.9 386.7 258.6 155.8 78.7 62.4 2.1 

 Shortleaf pine 39.1 1.7 2.7 1.9 5.0 7.9 9.1 3.9 3.3 3.6 —

 Loblolly pine 893.5 138.6 113.9 105.7 106.5 98.5 94.8 70.5 65.9 92.3 6.7 

 Pond pine 160.1 9.1 22.2 25.8 28.0 30.7 19.3 11.7 5.6 7.7 —

 Spruce pine 30.6 1.0 3.9 1.8 2.4 3.9 3.9 4.7 3.8 4.3 0.8 

 Sand pine 489.6 136.5 136.9 75.4 58.7 39.1 25.2 10.4 5.9 1.5 —

 Baldcypress 541.6 31.8 56.3 74.1 79.2 93.6 70.6 50.3 34.9 43.7 7.1 

 Pondcypress 1,787.1 232.8 324.3 358.6 318.8 244.7 136.6 72.8 43.6 48.9 6.0 

 Cedars 120.6 8.6 11.7 19.8 20.6 22.0 13.3 9.6 7.7 6.6 0.6 

 Total softwoods 9,424.4 1,571.7 1,867.4 1,602.7 1,416.2 1,178.2 776.6 438.9 269.5 279.9 23.4 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 2.8 30.4 2.3 2.7 4.1 3.1 3.7 3.7 3.7 2.9 1.3 

 Select red oaksb 1.6 0.4 — — 0.6 — — — 0.6 — —

 Other white oaks 442.7 11.0 17.2 16.8 16.3 27.1 39.5 35.5 38.9 129.5 111.0 

 Other red oaks 1,373.7 125.5 139.6 179.3 207.4 169.8 136.1 118.8 90.2 157.2 49.9 

 Hickory 121.8 7.1 6.1 13.3 10.4 19.5 15.8 16.6 10.5 20.7 1.8 

 Hard maple 13.0 0.7 1.7 0.7 1.1 2.1 0.6 1.9 0.6 3.5 —

 Soft maple 445.1 37.3 57.1 70.0 59.3 70.5 50.1 35.8 28.0 32.8 4.2 

 Beech 7.5 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.0 — 1.0 — 1.0 2.2 0.9 

 Sweetgum 563.4 49.6 59.7 94.6 91.3 93.0 63.9 39.9 31.5 37.1 2.7 

 Tupelo and blackgum 1,484.4 175.0 213.9 230.3 244.7 218.0 157.7 103.6 54.8 72.4 14.0 

 Ash 338.8 33.2 41.7 61.3 58.2 40.0 35.3 30.1 16.5 22.0 0.5 

 Cottonwood 0.3 0.3 — — — — — — — — —

 Basswood 13.1 0.4 1.3 1.1 0.9 2.5 2.7 1.8 0.6 1.8 —

 Yellow-poplar 83.0 6.3 5.6 12.7 10.3 10.2 10.1 9.8 8.2 8.6 1.2 

 Bay and magnolia 853.7 121.5 135.4 138.5 139.2 112.9 75.3 53.7 27.5 44.3 5.4 

 Black cherry 21.3 4.3 5.7 4.3 1.9 2.1 1.7 1.0 0.4 — —

 Sycamore 9.5 0.5 — 0.9 — 1.1 0.5 1.9 1.2 1.8 1.7 

 Elm 85.2 6.0 10.7 12.2 8.1 14.8 11.2 7.7 4.3 9.5 0.7 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 53.5 6.9 7.9 7.3 9.0 8.9 6.2 2.1 3.0 2.2 —

 Total hardwoods 5,942.0 588.0 707.3 845.6 863.2 797.1 610.4 465.1 320.8 549.1 195.2 

All species 15,366.4 2,159.7 2,574.8 2,448.3 2,279.4 1,975.4 1,387.1 904.0 590.3 829.0 218.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a

 Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
56

Table 21—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million board feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 4,709.5 749.7 1,292.9 1,346.2 835.8 299.0 127.5 58.3 —

 Slash pine 10,599.5 2,770.8 2,427.4 2,029.6 1,480.2 949.7 503.6 422.8 15.5 

 Shortleaf pine 188.7 7.0 23.1 40.6 50.9 23.0 20.2 23.9 —

 Loblolly pine 3,416.6 378.8 480.1 511.7 533.1 424.4 417.2 622.3 49.0 

 Pond pine 646.1 99.3 127.9 157.5 107.8 68.8 34.8 50.0 —

 Spruce pine 144.6 7.3 11.6 20.8 21.5 27.1 23.2 27.5 5.7 

 Sand pine 1,026.2 290.6 274.2 206.7 144.5 63.1 37.0 10.0 —

 Baldcypress 2,013.6 223.8 299.1 408.0 338.8 257.9 187.7 252.0 46.3 

 Pondcypress 5,060.4 1,126.0 1,245.5 1,089.0 665.2 377.2 236.7 282.3 38.4 

 Cedars 506.3 77.4 94.0 113.6 73.1 55.4 46.7 42.2 3.9 

 Total softwoods 28,311.5 5,730.8 6,275.8 5,923.8 4,251.0 2,545.7 1,634.6 1,791.2 158.6 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 104.9 13.9 — 12.5 16.5 18.0 19.0 16.6 8.4 

 Select red oaksb 6.1 — 2.6 — — — 3.4 — —

 Other white oaks 1,979.4 56.4 — 107.1 169.8 163.3 187.4 670.3 625.1 

 Other red oaks 4,480.4 793.3 — 737.9 650.2 603.5 481.6 900.7 313.2 

 Hickory 447.6 35.3 — 79.8 71.7 81.0 54.3 114.3 11.2 

 Hard maple 44.3 3.7 — 8.1 2.7 8.9 3.0 17.9 —

 Soft maple 1,162.3 193.9 — 268.8 212.0 162.1 133.8 168.2 23.5 

 Beech 25.0 — 3.7 — 4.1 — 4.2 9.2 3.7 

 Sweetgum 1,656.6 325.9 — 397.3 307.8 209.4 175.1 222.8 18.3 

 Tupelo and blackgum 3,591.3 797.7 — 849.0 692.0 493.5 275.7 397.5 85.8 

 Ash 840.8 190.4 — 153.2 152.7 141.2 82.6 117.6 3.0 

 Basswood 45.3 3.2 — 9.7 11.7 8.4 2.8 9.5 —

 Yellow-poplar 292.1 37.6 — 43.3 49.7 52.7 47.1 53.5 8.1 

 Bay and magnolia 1,852.3 462.1 — 435.0 318.0 246.7 131.5 228.4 30.7 

 Black cherry 29.7 6.5 — 8.5 7.6 5.1 2.0 — —

 Sycamore 43.7 3.0 — 4.2 2.2 8.7 6.0 9.9 9.8 

 Elm 241.1 27.8 — 58.1 47.9 35.2 20.3 47.6 4.1 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 132.9 31.0 — 35.9 27.7 10.0 15.9 12.4 —

 Total hardwoods 16,975.7 2,981.7 — 3,214.8 2,740.3 2,251.8 1,642.3 2,999.8 1,144.9 

All species 5,730.8 45,287.2 9,257.5 9,138.6 6,991.3 4,797.5 3,276.9 4,791.0 1,303.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
57

Table 22—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by species, size class, and tree grade, Florida, 1995

All size classes Trees 15.0 inches d.b.h. and larger

All Tree grade All Tree grade

Species grades 1 2 3 4 grades 1 2 3 4

Million board feet 

Softwood

 Yellow pinesa 5,660.9 20,731.1 5,546.3 9,524.0 7,477.3 — 3,082.4 1,987.9 2,406.9 —

 Cypressb 1,229.7 7,074.1 2,127.3 3,693.3 23.7 2,682.6 1,229.7 1,080.3 367.3 5.3 

 Other Eastern softwoodsc 107.3 506.3 167.7 204.8 26.6 221.3 76.1 75.5 66.5 3.2 

 Total 28,311.5 6,997.9 7,841.2 13,422.1 50.3 10,381.1 4,388.2 3,143.7 2,840.7 8.5 

Hardwoodb

 Select white and red oaks 111.0 13.8 47.8 42.2 7.2 81.9 13.8 47.8 17.2 3.1 

 Other white and red oaks 6,459.7 746.0 1,783.7 3,355.9 574.2 4,765.0 746.0 1,620.8 2,086.0 312.2 

 Hickory 447.6 76.8 177.8 182.4 10.5 332.6 76.8 150.5 94.8 10.5 

 Hard maple 44.3 13.2 — 18.4 12.8 32.5 10.9 — 14.7 6.9 

 Sweetgum 1,656.6 199.3 656.3 736.1 65.0 933.4 199.3 480.2 217.7 36.3 

 Ash, walnut, and black cherry 870.5 62.7 274.9 504.4 28.4 511.8 62.7 224.3 208.9 16.0 

 Yellow-poplar 292.1 47.0 129.6 107.8 7.7 211.1 47.0 115.6 48.5 —

 Other Eastern hardwoods 7,093.8 636.6 2,204.5 3,977.1 275.6 3,910.8 636.6 1,621.3 1,476.9 176.1 

 Total 16,975.7 1,782.2 5,287.8 8,924.3 981.4 10,779.2 1,782.2 4,271.4 4,164.6 561.0 

All species 8,780.1 45,287.2 13,129.0 22,346.4 1,031.7 21,160.3 6,170.4 7,415.1 7,005.3 569.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a For yellow pines, tree grade is based on "Southern Pine Tree Grades for Yard and Structural Lumber," Research Paper SE-40, published by the Southeastern

Forest Experiment Station, Asheville, NC, 1968. Tree grade 4 does not apply to yellow pine. b For hardwoods and cypress, tree grades 1, 2, and 3 are based on "Hardwood Tree Grades for Factory Lumber," Research Paper NE-333, published by the 

Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, PA, 1976. Grade 4 trees are sawtimber trees not qualifying as tree grades 1, 2, or 3. The butt log of these

trees qualify as construction (tie and timber) logs based on "A Guide to Hardwood Log Grading (revised)," General Technical Report NE-1, published by the

Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, PA, 1971. c

 For other softwoods (excluding cypress), tree grade is based on "Tree Grades for Eastern White Pine," Research Paper NE-214, published by the Northeastern 

Forest Experiment Station, Radnor, PA, 1971.
58

Table 23—Volume of live timber and associated green weight of forest biomass on timberland 

by class of material, softwood, and hardwood, Florida, 1995

Volumea

Class of material All species Softwood Hardwood All species Softwood Hardwood

Million cubic feet

Sawtimber trees

 Saw-log portion 8,584.9 5,374.3 3,210.6 322,143.8 200,766.7 121,377.2 

 Upper stem 1,201.5 611.0 590.4 43,946.1 22,300.7 21,645.4 

 Totalc 5,985.3 9,786.4 3,801.0 366,089.9 223,067.4 143,022.6 

Poletimber treesc 3,439.1 5,580.1 2,141.0 190,306.8 118,787.5 71,519.3 

All growing stockc 9,424.4 15,366.4 5,942.0 556,396.7 341,854.8 214,541.9 

Rough treesc 70.5 1,455.2 1,384.7 59,088.4 2,345.8 56,742.6 

Rotten treesc 30.8 194.0 163.3 7,696.2 1,199.3 6,496.9 

Saplingsd 1,445.6 3,146.8 1,701.2 119,065.2 56,431.2 62,634.0 

Stumps, tops, and limbse 2,252.9 4,223.7 1,970.8 149,967.3 77,857.4 72,109.9 

 Total, all classes 24,386.2 13,224.2 11,162.0 892,213.7 479,688.5 412,525.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a Excludes bark.

b Includes bark.

c

 Bole portion only.

d Includes entire tree aboveground.

e

 Of live trees 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger.

Thousand tons

Associated green weightb
59

Table 24—Total volume of live trees on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

 Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 1,277.9 16.5 40.2 68.7 100.6 211.8 305.8 283.5 163.0 55.1 22.4 10.1 —

 Slash pine 5,988.0 139.0 596.5 1,364.8 1,348.3 877.7 601.4 435.8 290.2 174.5 87.6 69.7 2.3 

 Shortleaf pine 45.7 0.2 0.3 2.4 3.7 2.2 5.7 8.9 10.3 4.4 3.7 4.0 —

 Loblolly pine 1,208.6 28.2 107.2 202.0 140.4 124.6 122.5 112.6 106.9 79.2 73.8 103.8 7.5 

 Pond pine 196.0 1.1 6.4 13.1 26.9 30.5 32.2 35.0 22.4 13.2 6.4 8.7 —

 Spruce pine 36.2 0.7 0.5 1.3 4.7 2.1 2.8 4.5 4.4 5.3 4.3 4.9 1.0 

 Sand pine 796.9 48.6 123.5 202.6 170.5 89.6 68.7 44.8 28.5 11.7 6.6 1.7 —

 Baldcypress 717.4 5.3 21.2 47.4 73.5 91.9 96.8 114.5 86.0 60.7 41.8 56.1 22.1 

 Pondcypress 2,795.3 84.3 213.5 409.5 466.6 483.7 416.4 316.0 177.8 94.7 56.1 66.6 10.2 

 Cedars 162.2 4.6 7.8 12.7 16.4 24.6 26.0 25.7 16.0 11.2 9.0 7.7 0.7 

 Total softwoods 13,224.2 328.5 1,117.1 2,324.6 2,351.5 1,938.5 1,678.4 1,381.4 905.4 510.0 311.7 333.3 43.7 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 0.8 43.8 2.8 4.8 3.2 3.5 5.7 3.9 4.6 4.6 4.6 3.8 1.6 

 Select red oaksb 0.1 2.1 — 0.5 — — 0.7 — — — 0.8 — —

 Other white oaks 1,222.0 28.3 57.0 82.4 62.6 67.2 70.9 74.3 100.3 86.8 88.7 272.4 231.2 

 Other red oaks 2,324.0 122.8 161.8 227.3 215.0 254.6 286.0 237.4 194.7 170.4 130.3 237.2 86.3 

 Hickory 171.9 3.6 4.1 12.7 10.4 18.4 14.0 25.3 21.7 20.4 13.5 25.7 2.3 

 Hard maple 21.8 0.8 0.8 2.0 2.2 1.5 2.3 4.2 0.7 2.3 0.7 4.1 —

 Soft maple 816.3 43.5 77.0 82.1 96.5 108.0 89.1 102.1 75.9 49.1 39.1 46.6 7.4 

 Beech 13.1 0.2 0.4 0.4 0.6 0.7 1.2 — 0.7 1.3 1.3 5.0 1.1 

 Sweetgum 785.0 31.9 55.8 77.2 77.7 115.1 108.0 110.3 75.0 47.8 36.3 45.5 4.4 

 Tupelo and blackgum 2,479.3 115.1 240.8 312.2 315.5 315.4 333.3 289.8 208.3 138.7 77.5 109.3 23.5 

 Ash 618.5 40.7 70.2 80.6 72.9 87.0 75.6 53.1 48.4 36.8 22.1 28.7 2.3 

 Cottonwood 0.8 0.1 — 0.4 — — — — — — 0.4 — —

 Basswood 20.7 0.9 1.3 1.3 2.4 1.6 1.4 3.2 3.7 2.2 0.6 2.1 —

 Yellow-poplar 104.3 1.8 4.3 8.4 7.2 14.6 11.8 11.5 11.4 11.0 9.6 11.5 1.3 

 Bay and magnolia 1,486.5 83.3 177.6 218.6 198.9 196.5 186.3 150.0 101.3 67.6 39.7 59.5 7.3 

 Black cherry 44.5 7.1 8.1 6.9 7.4 5.5 2.7 2.4 1.9 2.0 0.5 — —

 Black walnut 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.3 — — — — — — — — —

 Sycamore 11.6 0.5 — 0.6 — 1.0 — 1.3 0.6 2.2 1.4 2.1 1.9 

 Elm 150.7 5.5 16.4 14.2 16.6 19.0 14.4 18.3 15.5 10.8 6.3 12.4 1.4 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 844.3 157.3 178.4 152.7 100.9 88.6 52.3 39.1 25.1 19.5 14.1 12.2 4.2 

 Total hardwoods 11,162.0 643.8 1,057.3 1,284.0 1,191.3 1,297.4 1,254.9 1,128.3 890.0 673.4 486.2 879.3 376.0 

All species 972.3 24,386.2 2,174.4 3,608.6 3,542.9 3,235.9 2,933.2 2,509.8 1,795.4 1,183.3 797.9 1,212.6 419.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
60

Table 25—Green weight of forest biomass on timberland by species and diameter class, Florida, 1995

 Diameter class (inches at breast height)

All 1.0- 3.0- 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

Species classes 2.9 4.9 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Thousand tons

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 50,009.3 665.9 1,714.4 2,412.0 3,811.9 8,183.6 12,011.5 11,218.7 6,483.7 2,197.8 903.6 406.5 —

 Slash pine 231,837.4 5,130.9 27,637.8 49,429.9 51,494.4 33,834.7 23,285.5 16,882.0 11,228.6 6,753.8 3,386.8 2,684.2 89.1 

 Shortleaf pine 1,622.2 4.6 8.2 71.8 126.6 77.8 205.2 318.7 370.6 158.7 132.2 148.0 —

 Loblolly pine 42,858.9 717.2 3,167.1 7,101.0 5,238.8 4,582.0 4,499.0 4,117.7 3,874.7 2,876.3 2,675.2 3,745.9 264.3 

 Pond pine 6,923.2 31.7 181.4 455.9 959.6 1,092.4 1,148.5 1,255.5 796.3 471.3 224.2 306.6 —

 Spruce pine 1,258.0 24.9 21.8 36.3 152.4 71.0 99.1 155.4 152.2 186.6 153.5 171.9 33.2 

 Sand pine 27,180.7 1,839.7 5,057.0 6,086.5 5,570.3 3,044.9 2,364.0 1,540.3 990.8 401.6 227.9 58.0 —

 Baldcypress 26,165.1 146.5 669.4 1,193.5 2,258.7 3,152.7 3,549.8 4,357.3 3,361.1 2,434.2 1,697.8 2,355.0 989.3 

 Pondcypress 85,537.1 2,298.9 6,697.3 8,951.0 12,748.9 14,831.7 13,854.3 11,049.0 6,441.8 3,519.3 2,129.1 2,598.3 417.9 

 Cedars 6,296.8 163.7 253.3 459.7 620.9 941.3 1,033.2 1,032.8 651.2 448.3 358.5 306.5 27.8 

 Total softwoods 479,688.5 11,023.7 45,407.6 76,197.3 82,982.2 69,811.9 62,049.8 51,927.3 34,350.6 19,447.6 11,888.7 12,780.6 1,821.4 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 32.2 1,798.5 104.1 165.5 131.9 140.5 241.0 163.7 187.9 193.8 195.2 171.5 71.5 

 Select red oaksb 3.6 88.2 — 18.5 — — 31.4 — — — 34.9 — —

 Other white oaks 55,335.5 1,066.7 2,129.2 2,302.9 2,438.7 2,885.3 3,214.0 3,432.8 4,734.9 4,138.8 4,220.9 13,250.1 11,521.3 

 Other red oaks 93,368.0 5,408.6 6,140.2 8,508.8 8,821.7 10,320.5 11,606.8 9,680.9 7,947.8 6,923.4 5,290.3 9,372.8 3,346.4 

 Hickory 7,109.3 157.3 181.9 443.2 405.5 730.3 566.6 1,049.8 915.2 863.4 572.5 1,121.4 102.6 

 Hard maple 947.8 34.1 33.8 68.2 95.1 64.9 99.3 186.5 35.2 104.5 33.7 192.9 —

 Soft maple 29,942.9 1,652.4 2,740.8 2,873.5 3,679.0 4,052.5 3,286.0 3,769.1 2,790.3 1,786.9 1,395.6 1,661.4 255.6 

 Beech 546.7 9.6 18.3 15.5 20.6 26.1 51.8 — 38.8 54.8 55.9 212.5 43.0 

 Sweetgum 28,450.1 1,073.6 1,852.4 2,476.3 2,751.6 4,152.0 3,972.7 4,125.7 2,862.9 1,826.2 1,394.2 1,783.0 179.6 

 Tupelo and blackgum 81,087.7 3,799.6 8,014.1 7,838.5 9,541.4 10,049.0 11,087.2 10,066.0 7,423.5 5,116.7 2,965.6 4,250.9 935.5 

 Ash 19,964.4 1,256.9 2,220.7 3,143.0 2,643.9 2,852.0 2,339.9 1,591.2 1,422.8 1,048.7 618.9 767.5 59.2 

 Cottonwood 31.1 3.1 — 12.9 — — — — — — 15.2 — —

 Basswood 718.3 29.3 46.6 37.4 81.5 53.8 52.7 113.4 129.0 77.5 23.5 73.8 —

 Yellow-poplar 3,689.9 66.3 145.2 246.7 243.0 516.9 419.8 417.1 406.6 403.2 351.6 422.7 51.0 

 Bay and magnolia 46,263.3 2,606.2 5,346.8 5,858.9 6,101.9 6,180.9 5,988.1 4,941.0 3,365.0 2,265.1 1,340.3 2,019.3 250.1 

 Black cherry 1,418.1 179.7 271.5 203.8 244.8 183.6 93.0 83.8 70.7 70.3 17.1 — —

 Black walnut 21.5 0.6 6.4 14.6 — — — — — — — — —

 Sycamore 429.5 15.5 — 16.2 — 37.8 — 45.7 23.0 80.8 53.6 82.8 74.3 

 Elm 5,053.9 200.4 571.2 450.1 548.3 629.3 482.3 618.1 507.1 371.7 213.0 414.6 48.1 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 36,260.9 6,816.8 8,399.3 6,588.0 4,489.8 3,874.1 2,087.0 1,562.8 894.8 658.1 431.2 366.8 92.4 

 Total hardwoods 412,525.2 24,396.5 38,237.5 41,234.5 42,285.8 46,711.4 45,573.7 41,930.4 33,755.2 25,983.6 19,173.0 36,213.7 17,030.2 

All species 892,213.7 35,420.2 83,645.1 117,431.8 125,267.9 116,523.3 107,623.5 93,857.7 68,105.8 45,431.2 31,061.6 48,994.3 18,851.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a

 Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b

 Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
61

Table 26—Volume of growing stock on timberland by species and forest-type group, Florida, 1995

Forest-type group

 All Longleaf– Loblolly– Oak– Oak– Oak–gum– Elm–ash–

Species types slash shortleaf pine hickory cypress cottonwood

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Longleaf pine 1,057.5 816.0 26.2 150.4 56.1 8.7 —

 Slash pine 4,304.7 3,705.6 39.1 322.0 26.0 211.4 0.6 

 Shortleaf pine 39.1 0.4 19.3 15.6 3.8 — —

 Loblolly pine 893.5 35.0 582.3 182.7 43.1 50.5 —

 Pond pine 160.1 23.2 82.9 32.2 1.5 20.3 —

 Spruce pine 30.6 0.4 12.1 — 10.3 6.8 1.1 

 Sand pine 489.6 5.2 434.1 39.4 10.2 0.7 —

 Baldcypress 541.6 2.7 7.4 — 0.4 530.0 1.1 

 Pondcypress 1,787.1 44.3 77.1 — 2.2 1,662.9 0.7 

 Cedars 120.6 6.5 2.6 28.5 3.3 79.8 —

 Total softwoods 9,424.4 4,639.2 1,186.4 867.4 157.0 2,571.0 3.4 

Hardwood

 Select white oaksa 30.4 — 5.7 — 15.2 9.5 —

 Select red oaksb 1.6 — — 0.6 — 1.0 —

 Other white oaks 442.7 12.0 9.5 41.1 238.4 140.6 1.0 

 Other red oaks 1,373.7 55.2 36.8 149.6 535.2 591.2 5.6 

 Hickory 121.8 0.2 2.3 7.2 75.8 35.6 0.8 

 Hard maple 13.0 0.4 — 2.1 2.0 8.1 0.3 

 Soft maple 445.1 8.5 2.8 26.7 20.0 379.2 8.0 

 Beech 7.5 — 1.6 — 5.3 0.6 —

 Sweetgum 563.4 11.2 15.0 52.7 95.0 385.6 3.9 

 Tupelo and blackgum 1,484.4 28.8 3.6 84.8 26.9 1,339.6 0.6 

 Ash 338.8 — — 5.3 — 331.3 2.2 

 Cottonwood 0.3 — — — — 0.3 — 

 Basswood 13.1 — — 4.1 — 9.0 —

 Yellow-poplar 83.0 5.7 3.6 13.2 9.8 50.6 —

 Bay and magnolia 853.7 59.8 8.5 91.4 34.9 659.1 —

 Black cherry 21.3 2.0 0.7 2.4 14.3 1.9 —

 Sycamore 9.5 — — — 4.1 — 5.5 

 Elm 85.2 0.2 — 9.9 — 71.4 3.7 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 53.5 0.5 0.9 1.4 7.5 37.5 5.5 

 Total hardwoods 5,942.0 184.3 84.1 480.0 1,100.5 4,055.8 37.4 

All species 4,823.5 15,366.4 1,270.5 1,347.5 1,257.4 6,626.8 40.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Includes white, swamp white, swamp chestnut, and chinkapin oaks.

b Includes cherrybark, northern red, and shumard oaks.
62

Table 27—Volume of growing stock on timberland by ownership class, species group, and diameter class, 

Florida, 1995

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

Ownership class All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

and species group classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million cubic feet

National forest

 Softwood 995.0 130.6 172.2 171.1 184.3 163.8 92.2 43.1 17.4 18.4 1.9 

 Hardwood 268.7 36.4 35.8 41.6 33.1 37.6 27.3 23.1 16.1 15.1 2.6 

 Total 1,263.7 167.0 208.0 212.6 217.4 201.4 119.5 66.2 33.6 33.5 4.4 

Other public

 Softwood 1,542.5 139.8 224.5 230.5 275.0 270.6 181.2 105.9 46.1 62.9 6.0 

 Hardwood 1,064.9 82.1 111.6 153.1 145.5 159.4 126.8 85.1 71.7 105.5 24.2 

 Total 2,607.4 221.9 336.1 383.6 420.5 430.0 308.0 191.0 117.8 168.3 30.2 

Forest industry

 Softwood 2,311.4 535.2 589.1 439.5 287.4 188.5 109.9 63.3 53.9 43.2 1.3 

 Hardwood 1,230.2 140.6 154.6 169.7 191.9 165.0 129.6 93.3 64.1 97.3 24.1 

 Total 3,541.5 675.8 743.8 609.2 479.3 353.5 239.6 156.5 118.0 140.5 25.3 

Forest industry-leased

 Softwood 308.6 82.2 87.9 61.9 28.1 11.5 7.3 6.1 5.7 16.2 1.7 

 Hardwood 167.8 28.3 24.2 28.0 22.3 21.9 13.9 5.0 3.3 15.2 5.8 

 Total 476.4 110.5 112.1 89.9 50.5 33.4 21.1 11.1 9.0 31.3 7.5 

Other private

 Softwood 4,267.0 683.8 793.7 699.7 641.3 543.8 386.0 220.5 146.4 139.2 12.5 

 Hardwood 3,210.4 300.6 381.1 453.3 470.4 413.2 312.9 258.6 165.6 316.1 138.6 

 Total 7,477.4 984.4 1,174.8 1,153.0 1,111.7 957.1 698.8 479.1 312.0 455.4 151.1 

All ownerships

 Softwood 9,424.4 1,571.7 1,867.4 1,602.7 1,416.2 1,178.2 776.6 438.9 269.5 279.9 23.4 

 Hardwood 5,942.0 588.0 707.3 845.6 863.2 797.1 610.4 465.1 320.8 549.1 195.2 

 Total 15,366.4 2,159.7 2,574.8 2,448.3 2,279.4 1,975.4 1,387.1 904.0 590.3 829.0 218.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
63

Table 28—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by ownership class, species group, and diameter class,

Florida, 1995

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

Ownership class All 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0- 29.0 and

and species group classes 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 28.9 larger

Million board feet

National forest

 Softwood 3,361.7 651.5 848.3 852.3 520.0 254.1 104.7 117.7 13.0 

 Hardwood 665.3 111.8 — 145.7 119.6 109.5 81.5 81.9 15.2 

 Total 4,026.9 651.5 960.2 998.0 639.5 363.5 186.3 199.7 28.2 

Other public

 Softwood 5,792.5 838.8 1,233.9 1,379.6 1,004.2 618.0 279.1 399.7 39.3 

 Hardwood 3,180.1 491.7 — 635.4 565.2 409.2 366.2 571.2 141.3 

 Total 8,972.7 838.8 1,725.6 2,015.1 1,569.3 1,027.1 645.3 970.9 180.6 

Forest industry

 Softwood 5,333.8 1,564.2 1,265.6 937.9 597.0 362.2 325.2 273.4 8.2 

 Hardwood 3,351.3 652.0 — 661.4 577.9 454.1 329.2 535.4 141.3 

 Total 8,685.1 1,564.2 1,917.6 1,599.4 1,174.9 816.2 654.4 808.8 149.5 

Forest industry-leased

 Softwood 626.3 218.0 120.2 56.1 39.6 34.4 36.3 109.2 12.5 

 Hardwood 388.3 77.9 — 88.5 61.8 23.5 17.6 83.9 34.9 

 Total 1,014.6 218.0 198.1 144.6 101.4 58.0 53.9 193.1 47.5 

Other private

 Softwood 13,197.2 2,458.3 2,807.8 2,697.8 2,090.2 1,277.0 889.3 891.2 85.6 

 Hardwood 9,390.7 1,648.3 — 1,683.7 1,415.9 1,255.6 847.7 1,727.4 812.1 

 Total 22,587.9 2,458.3 4,456.1 4,381.5 3,506.1 2,532.6 1,737.0 2,618.6 897.7 

All ownerships

 Softwood 28,311.5 5,730.8 6,275.8 5,923.8 4,251.0 2,545.7 1,634.6 1,791.2 158.6 

 Hardwood 16,975.7 2,981.7 — 3,214.8 2,740.3 2,251.8 1,642.3 2,999.8 1,144.9 

 Total 45,287.2 5,730.8 9,257.5 9,138.6 6,991.3 4,797.5 3,276.9 4,791.0 1,303.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
64

Table 29—Volume of growing stock on timberland by broad management class, species group, and stand-age class, 

Florida, 1995

No Stand-age class (years)

Broad management class All manageable

and species group classes stand 0-10 11-20 21-30 31-40 41-50 51-60 61-70 71-80 81+

Million cubic feet

Pine plantation

 Softwood 2,743.6 17.6 133.0 1,010.0 1,121.3 399.7 40.0 15.1 7.0 — —

 Hardwood 52.0 0.5 6.0 17.5 21.5 6.2 0.2 — — — —

 Total 2,795.6 18.1 139.0 1,027.5 1,142.8 405.8 40.0 15.3 7.0 — —

Natural pine

 Softwood 3,082.0 323.0 64.5 136.3 199.2 439.7 682.3 606.3 393.8 125.6 111.5 

 Hardwood 216.4 9.8 8.8 11.2 11.5 22.3 47.2 55.6 32.7 3.4 13.8 

 Total 3,298.4 332.8 73.2 147.5 210.7 462.0 729.5 662.0 426.4 129.0 125.3 

Oak–pine

 Softwood 867.4 208.7 34.1 39.7 33.7 48.2 111.3 160.3 83.3 40.9 107.2 

 Hardwood 480.0 46.0 17.6 16.8 17.9 29.3 81.6 114.9 62.9 32.5 60.5 

 Total 1,347.5 254.7 51.7 56.5 51.6 77.5 193.0 275.1 146.3 73.4 167.7 

Upland hardwood

 Softwood 157.0 73.2 11.8 12.1 14.1 8.4 10.5 14.3 4.0 4.9 3.7 

 Hardwood 1,100.5 259.5 45.0 41.6 65.5 46.7 134.9 162.8 99.8 79.9 164.8 

 Total 1,257.4 332.7 56.8 53.7 79.5 55.0 145.5 177.1 103.8 84.8 168.5 

Lowland hardwood

 Softwood 2,574.4 152.4 17.2 8.5 44.7 103.4 173.4 317.2 468.3 432.1 857.4 

 Hardwood 4,093.1 375.8 23.7 27.5 73.1 164.3 465.3 712.4 741.5 651.6 857.9 

 Total 6,667.6 528.1 40.9 36.0 117.8 267.7 638.7 1,029.6 1,209.8 1,083.6 1,715.2

All types

 Softwood 9,424.4 774.7 260.6 1,206.5 1,412.9 999.3 1,017.6 1,113.3 949.4 610.4 1,079.8

 Hardwood 5,942.0 691.6 101.1 114.6 189.6 268.7 729.1 1,045.9 936.9 767.4 1,096.9

 Total 15,366.4 1,466.4 361.7 1,321.1 1,602.5 1,268.0 1,746.7 2,159.2 1,886.3 1,377.8 2,176.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
65

Table 30—Average net annual growth and removals of live timber and growing

stock on timberland by species, Florida, 1987-1994

Live timbera Growing stock

 Net Annual Net Annual

 annual timber annual timber

Species growth removals growth removals

Million cubic feet

Softwood

 Yellow pines 490.0 433.2 488.7 431.4 

 Cypress 40.2 41.7 39.9 40.8 

 Other Eastern softwoods 3.1 0.5 3.1 0.4 

 Total softwoods 533.4 475.4 531.8 472.6 

Hardwood

 Select white and red oaks 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.2 

 Other white and red oaks 80.4 49.0 68.0 39.5 

 Hickory 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.1 

 Hard maple 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.4 

 Sweetgum 15.3 12.1 15.1 11.4 

 Ash, walnut, and black cherry 6.2 3.6 5.9 3.2 

 Yellow-poplar 3.3 1.3 3.3 1.1 

 Tupelo and blackgum 27.4 15.3 26.2 13.6 

 Bay and magnolia 25.4 8.8 23.6 7.9 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 20.8 13.8 14.1 6.7 

 Total hardwoods 183.5 108.7 160.9 88.1 

All species 584.1 716.9 692.6 560.7 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a Merchantable portion only.

Table 31—Average net annual growth and removals of growing stock on timberland by

ownership class, softwood, and hardwood, Florida, 1987-1994

Net annual growth Annual timber removals

Ownership class All species Softwood Hardwood All species Softwood Hardwood

Million cubic feet

National forest 32.8 27.7 5.1 20.5 20.5 —

Other public 69.7 47.0 22.8 47.1 34.3 12.8 

Forest industry 229.8 195.1 34.7 208.0 183.3 24.7 

Forest industry-leased 36.6 30.9 5.6 36.6 33.8 2.8 

Other private 323.8 231.1 92.7 248.6 200.8 47.8 

 All ownerships 692.6 531.8 160.9 560.7 472.6 88.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

.
66

Table 32—Average net annual growth and removals of 

sawtimber on timberland by species, Florida, 1987-1994

 Net Annual

Species annual growth timber removals

Million board feet

Softwood

 Yellow pines 1,225.7 1,103.6 

 Cypress 183.1 112.9 

 Other Eastern softwoods 13.4 1.5 

 Total softwoods 1,422.2 1,217.9 

Hardwood

 Select white and red oaks 4.0 4.5 

 Other white and red oaks 254.8 127.5 

 Hickory 14.0 12.4 

 Hard maple 1.6 1.3 

 Sweetgum 57.6 36.4 

 Ash, walnut, and black cherry 18.6 7.2 

 Yellow-poplar 10.8 3.4 

 Tupelo and blackgum 79.7 33.2 

 Bay and magnolia 58.3 19.2 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 43.5 20.0 

 Total hardwoods 543.0 265.0 

All species 1,482.9 1,965.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

Table 33—Average net annual growth and removals of sawtimber on timberland 

by ownership class, softwood, and hardwood, Florida, 1987-1994

Net annual growth Annual timber removals

Ownership class All species Softwood Hardwood All species Softwood Hardwood

Million board feet

National forest 104.0 88.5 15.6 56.7 56.7 —

Other public 268.7 181.8 87.0 162.6 118.2 44.5 

Forest industry 527.9 423.3 104.5 451.0 383.6 67.3 

Forest industry-leased 75.5 59.2 16.3 59.5 54.1 5.3 

Other private 989.0 669.5 319.6 753.1 605.2 147.9 

 All ownerships 1,965.2 1,422.2 543.0 1,482.9 1,217.9 265.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
67

Table 34—Average annual mortality of live timber, growing stock, 

and sawtimber on timberland by species, Florida, 1987-1994

Species Live timbera Growing stock Sawtimber

 Million

 Million cubic feet board feet

Softwood

 Yellow pines 45.7 45.0 156.1 

 Cypress 8.6 7.7 13.6 

 Other Eastern softwoods 1.3 1.1 4.7 

 Total softwoods 55.6 53.7 174.4 

Hardwood

 Select white and red oaks 0.3 0.3 1.1 

 Other white and red oaks 22.0 14.2 50.0 

 Hickory 0.9 0.6 2.3 

 Hard maple 0.3 — —

 Sweetgum 5.2 4.6 14.0 

 Ash, walnut, and black cherry 6.5 4.4 11.8 

 Yellow-poplar 0.5 0.4 1.6 

 Tupelo and blackgum 10.7 7.8 18.9 

 Bay and magnolia 13.3 10.1 27.5 

 Other Eastern

 hardwoods 23.5 9.6 29.5 

 Total hardwoods 83.1 52.0 156.8 

All species 105.7 138.7 331.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for

the cell.

Table 35—Average annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland 

by ownership class, softwood, and hardwood, Florida, 1987-1994

Growing stock Sawtimber

Ownership class All species Softwood Hardwood All species Softwood Hardwood

Million cubic feet Million board feet

National forest 8.2 6.1 2.1 24.6 19.0 5.5 

Other public 18.8 8.9 9.9 67.1 36.8 30.2 

Forest industry 20.0 10.6 9.4 53.4 23.8 29.5 

Forest industry-leased 2.9 1.9 0.9 8.7 7.2 1.4 

Other private 55.8 26.2 29.6 177.5 87.4 90.1 

 All ownerships 105.7 53.7 52.0 331.2 174.4 156.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
68

Table 36—Average annual mortality of growing stock and sawtimber on timberland

by cause of death, softwood, and hardwood, Florida, 1987-1994

Growing stock Sawtimber

Ownership class All species Softwood Hardwood All species Softwood Hardwood

Million cubic feet Million board feet

Fire 7.4 6.4 1.0 18.6 16.0 2.6 

Insects 9.1 8.4 0.7 35.5 32.8 2.7 

Disease 15.7 7.0 8.7 47.6 17.1 30.5 

Weather 32.3 14.2 18.1 128.1 62.8 65.4 

Suppression 10.9 5.3 5.6 14.5 5.4 9.1 

Animals 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.4 0.4 —

Undetermined 30.2 12.4 17.8 86.4 39.9 46.5 

 All causes 105.7 53.7 52.0 331.2 174.4 156.8 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
69

Table 37—Average annual output of timber products by product, species group, and type of material, 

Florida, 1987-1994

Total output Roundwood products Plant byproducts

Product and Standard Number Million Number Million Number Million

species group units of units cubic feet of units cubic feet of units cubic feet

Saw logs k fbm a

 Softwood 735,248 140.6 734,883 138.7 365 1.9 

 Hardwood 32,005 5.4 32,005 5.4 — —

 Total 767,253 146.0 766,888 144.0 365 1.9 

Veneer logs and bolts k fbm a

 Softwood 138,881 23.9 138,881 23.9 — —

 Hardwood 15,723 2.5 15,723 2.5 — —

 Total 154,604 26.5 154,604 26.5 — —

Pulpwoodb Cords c

 Softwood 4,369,169 310.2 3,676,620 261.0 692,549 49.2 

 Hardwood 557,387 41.8 546,347 41.0 11,040 0.8 

 Total 4,926,556 352.0 4,222,967 302.0 703,589 50.0 

Poles and piling h pieces

 Softwood 3,524 6.3 3,524 6.3 — —

 Hardwood — — — — — —

 Total 3,524 6.3 3,524 6.3 — —

Posts (round and split) k pieces

 Softwood 2,136 2.1 2,136 2.1 — —

 Hardwood 165 0.2 165 0.2 — —

 Total 2,301 2.3 2,301 2.3 — —

Otherd k ft 3

 Softwood 42,750 42.8 15,564 15.6 27,186 27.2 

 Hardwood 4,563 4.6 3,080 3.1 1,483 1.5 

 Total 47,313 47.3 18,644 18.6 28,669 28.7 

Total industrial products

 Softwood 526.0 — 447.7 — 78.3 — 

 Hardwood 54.5 — 52.2 — 2.3 — 

 Total 580.4 — 499.8 — 80.6 — 

Fuelwoode Cords

 Softwood 53,384 3.9 52,973 3.9 411 0.0 

 Hardwood 304,640 22.8 303,333 22.8 1,307 0.1 

 Total 358,024 26.7 356,306 26.6 1,718 0.1 

All products

 Softwood 529.9 — 451.6 — 78.3 — 

 Hardwood 77.3 — 74.9 — 2.4 — 

 Total 607.2 — 526.5 — 80.7 — 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a International 1/4-inch rule.

b Roundwood figures include an estimated 13.7 million cubic feet of roundwood chipped at other primary wood-using plants.

c

 Rough-wood basis (includes chips converted to equivalent standard cords).

d Includes liter, mulch, particleboard, charcoal, and other specialty products.

e

 Excludes approximately 35.6 million cubic feet of wood residues and 52.8 million cubic feet of bark used for industrial fuel.

.
70

Table 38—Average annual output of roundwood products by product, species group, 

and source of material, Florida, 1987-1994

Growing-stock treesa

Product and All Cull Salvable Other

species group sources Total Sawtimber Poletimber treesa dead treesa 

 sourcesb

Million cubic feet

Saw logs

 Softwood 138.7 133.5 123.1 10.5 1.0 0.5 3.7 

 Hardwood 5.4 5.4 4.9 0.4 — 0.0 — 

 Total 144.0 138.9 128.0 10.9 1.0 0.5 3.7 

Veneer logs and bolts

 Softwood 23.9 23.6 23.3 0.3 — 0.4 — 

 Hardwood 2.5 2.5 2.5 — — 0.0 — 

 Total 26.5 26.1 25.8 0.3 — 0.4 — 

Pulpwood

 Softwood 261.0 239.5 71.1 168.4 0.7 0.4 20.4 

 Hardwood 41.0 32.5 21.6 10.8 4.6 3.9 — 

 Total 302.0 272.0 92.8 179.2 5.3 0.4 24.3 

Poles and piling

 Softwood 6.3 6.2 5.9 0.3 — 0.1 — 

 Hardwood — — — — — — —

 Total 6.3 6.2 5.9 0.3 — 0.1 — 

Posts (round and split)

 Softwood 2.1 1.8 0.2 1.5 — 0.4 — 

 Hardwood 0.2 0.1 0.1 — 0.0 0.0 — 

 Total 2.3 1.9 0.2 1.7 0.0 0.4 — 

Other

 Softwood 15.6 11.9 10.0 1.9 — 3.7 — 

 Hardwood 3.1 2.9 0.3 2.6 — 0.2 — 

 Total 18.6 14.8 10.3 4.4 — 3.9 — 

Total industrial products

 Softwood 447.7 416.4 233.5 182.9 1.7 0.9 28.7 

 Hardwood 52.2 43.4 29.4 14.0 4.7 4.1 — 

 Total 499.8 459.8 263.0 196.8 6.3 0.9 32.8 

Fuelwood

 Softwood 3.9 2.9 2.6 0.3 0.0 0.2 0.8 

 Hardwood 22.8 9.6 6.5 3.1 8.0 2.7 2.5 

 Total 26.6 12.5 9.1 3.4 8.0 2.8 3.3 

All products

 Softwood 451.6 419.3 236.1 183.2 1.7 1.0 29.5 

 Hardwood 74.9 53.0 35.9 17.1 12.7 2.7 6.5 

 Total 526.5 472.3 272.0 200.3 14.3 3.7 36.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a On timberland.

b Includes trees less than 5.0 inches in diameter, tree tops and limbs from timberland, or material from

other forest land or nonforest land such as fence rows or suburban areas.
71

Table 39—Average annual timber removals from growing

stock on timberland by item, softwood, and hardwood,

Florida, 1987-1994

 All

Item species Softwood Hardwood

Million cubic feet

Roundwood products

 Saw logs 138.9 133.5 5.4 

 Veneer logs and bolts 26.1 23.6 2.5 

 Pulpwood 272.0 239.5 32.5 

 Poles and piling 6.2 6.2 —

 Posts 1.9 1.8 0.1 

 Other 14.8 11.9 2.9 

 Fuelwood 12.5 2.9 9.6 

 All products 472.3 419.3 53.0 

Logging residues 25.6 36.0 10.3 

Other removals 27.7 52.4 24.8 

Total removals 472.6 560.7 88.1 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of

of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

Table 40—Average annual timber removals from live 

sawtimber on timberland by item, softwood, and hardwood, 

Florida, 1987-1994

All

Item species Softwood Hardwood

Million board feet

Roundwood products

 Saw logs 640.7 609.5 31.2 

 Veneer logs and bolts 153.8 137.5 16.3 

 Pulpwood 386.0 277.2 108.8 

 Poles and piling 29.1 29.1 —

 Posts 0.9 0.9 —

 Other 40.4 39.0 1.4 

 Fuelwood 39.9 12.9 27.0 

 All products 1,290.8 1,106.1 184.7 

Logging residues 16.3 23.0 6.8 

Other removals 95.5 169.1 73.6 

Total removals 1,217.9 1,482.9 265.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value 

of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
72

Table 41—Disposal of average annual volume of residue at 

primary wood-using plants by product, species group, and

type of residue, Florida, 1987-1994 

Product and All

species group types Bark Coarsea Fineb

Million cubic feet

Fiber products

 Softwood 49.2 0.8 46.5 1.9 

 Hardwood 0.8 0.2 0.7 —

 Total 50.0 0.9 47.2 1.9 

Particleboard

 Softwood 2.8 0.0 0.2 2.5 

 Hardwood — — — —

 Total 2.8 0.0 0.2 2.5 

Sawn products

 Softwood 1.9 0.0 1.9 —

 Hardwood — — — —

 Total 1.9 0.0 1.9 —

Industrial fuel

 Softwood 81.8 47.1 3.7 31.0 

 Hardwood 6.6 5.7 0.3 0.6 

 Total 88.3 52.8 4.0 31.6 

Domestic fuel

 Softwood 0.0 0.0 0.0 —

 Hardwood 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 

 Total 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.0 

Miscellaneous

 Softwood 24.4 7.7 7.9 8.8 

 Hardwood 1.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 

 Total 25.9 8.2 8.4 9.3 

Not used

 Softwood 0.6 0.2 0.3 0.0 

 Hardwood 0.0 0.0 — 0.0 

 Total 0.6 0.2 0.4 0.1 

All products

 Softwood 160.7 55.8 60.6 44.2 

 Hardwood 9.0 6.4 1.5 1.1 

 Total 169.7 62.2 62.1 45.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value 

of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.

a Material such as slabs and edgings.

b Material such as sawdust and shavings.
73

Table 42—Land area by land use class, major forest type, and survey 

completion date, Florida 

 Survey completion date Change

Land use class 1980 1987 1995 1987-1995

Thousand acres

Forest land

 Timberland

 Pine and oak–pine types 9,193.7 8,737.3 8,916.8 179.4 

 Hardwood types 6,470.5 6,245.3 5,733.9 -511.4

 Total 15,664.2 14,982.6 14,650.7 -331.9

 Reserved timberland 411.8 403.6 522.7 119.1 

 Other 1,057.9 1,162.8 1,047.9 -115.0

 Total forest land 17,133.9 16,549.0 16,221.2 -327.8

Nonforest land

 Cropland 3,784.5 3,937.2 3,616.3 -320.9

 Pasture and range 6,991.5 6,324.1 5,925.7 -398.4

 Other 6,622.5 7,721.5 8,641.8 920.3 

 Total 17,398.5 17,982.7 18,183.8 201.1 

All landa 34,531.7 34,532.4 34,405.0 -126.7

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a Excludes all water areas.
74

Table 43—Volume of sawtimber, growing stock, and live timber on timberland by species group, 

survey completion date, and diameter class, Florida 

Diameter class (inches at breast height)

Species group All 5.0- 7.0- 9.0- 11.0- 13.0- 15.0- 17.0- 19.0- 21.0 and

and year classes 6.9 8.9 10.9 12.9 14.9 16.9 18.9 20.9 larger

Sawtimber (million board feet)

Softwood

 1980 25,288.9 — — 6,617.6 5,915.9 5,129.4 3,207.7 1,864.6 1,091.4 1,462.4 

 1987 26,811.1 — — 6,213.7 5,638.8 5,424.1 3,636.6 2,311.2 1,413.9 2,172.8 

 1995 28,311.5 — — 6,275.8 5,730.8 5,923.8 4,251.0 2,545.7 1,634.6 1,949.9 

Hardwood

 1980 12,862.3 —— — 2,446.8 2,277.5 1,964.8 1,670.6 1,310.4 3,192.2 

 1987 14,956.3 —— — 2,564.0 2,566.2 2,398.4 1,913.6 1,513.6 4,000.6 

 1995 16,975.7 —— — 3,214.8 2,981.7 2,740.3 2,251.8 1,642.3 4,144.7 

Growing Stock (million cubic feet)

Softwood

 1980 8,940.4 1,445.9 1,775.4 1,709.8 1,547.2 1,067.9 617.8 341.6 192.1 242.7 

 1987 9,005.7 1,386.6 1,776.3 1,613.8 1,432.6 1,106.0 683.9 411.5 242.0 352.9 

 1995 9,424.4 1,571.7 1,867.4 1,602.7 1,416.2 1,178.2 776.6 438.9 269.5 303.3 

Hardwood

 1980 4,874.3 464.6 585.9 677.1 744.9 669.4 482.9 376.6 277.8 594.9 

 1987 5,416.4 518.5 649.5 750.3 779.3 667.5 563.9 419.6 314.2 753.6 

 1995 5,942.0 588.0 707.3 845.6 863.2 797.1 610.4 465.1 320.8 744.3 

Live Timbera (million cubic feet)

Softwood

 1980 9,088.6 1,482.3 1,808.6 1,734.2 1,562.0 1,077.5 624.8 343.7 193.5 262.0 

 1987 9,131.7 1,408.7 1,802.6 1,635.8 1,444.9 1,113.8 691.2 417.4 244.0 373.3 

 1995 9,525.6 1,593.0 1,886.8 1,617.1 1,426.0 1,185.4 782.9 442.0 270.4 321.9 

Hardwood

 1980 6,470.9 741.4 841.7 905.1 928.8 812.4 601.7 458.6 353.7 827.5 

 1987 7,007.0 780.0 879.8 962.0 962.4 804.8 675.9 511.6 384.9 1,045.6 

 1995 7,490.0 852.0 920.7 1,046.4 1,025.9 929.5 734.7 555.2 400.1 1,025.6 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Merchantable volume.

Table 44—Merchantable volume of live timber by species group, survey unit, 

and survey completion date, Florida 

Species group Change Change

and survey unit 1980 1987 1980-1987 1995 1987-1995

 Million Million Million

 cubic feet cubic feet Percent cubic feet Percent

Softwood

 Northeast 4,274.7 4,085.2 - 4.4 4,251.4 4.1 

 Northwest 3,102.4 3,101.7 - 0.0 3,317.0 6.9 

 Central 1,315.4 1,484.9 12.9 1,513.7 1.9 

 South 396.1 459.8 16.1 443.6 - 3.5

 All units 9,088.6 9,131.7 0.5 9,525.6 4.3 

Hardwood

 Northeast 2,765.8 2,906.7 5.1 3,138.6 8.0 

 Northwest 2,385.6 2,546.8 6.8 2,706.8 6.3 

 Central 1,250.9 1,472.2 17.7 1,563.0 6.2 

 South 68.6 81.4 18.6 81.7 0.4 

 All units 6,470.9 7,007.0 8.3 7,490.0 6.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.
75

Table 45—Land area and total forest by county, Florida, 1995

County All landa Total forestb

 Thousand Thousand 

 acres acres Percent

Alachua 559.6 293.2 52.40 

Baker 374.6 341.4 91.15 

Bay 488.8 399.6 81.75 

Bradford 187.6 135.2 72.06 

Brevard 651.8 100.0 15.33 

Broward 773.7 21.1 2.73 

Calhoun 363.1 302.6 83.33 

Charlotte 443.9 50.7 11.41 

Citrus 373.5 194.8 52.15 

Clay 384.7 289.8 75.34 

Collier 1,296.3 602.7 46.49 

Columbia 510.2 367.7 72.08 

Dade 1,244.5 160.6 12.91 

De Soto 407.9 47.8 11.71 

Dixie 450.6 387.1 85.90 

Duval 495.3 232.6 46.96 

Escambia 424.7 257.0 60.51 

Flagler 310.4 241.1 77.68 

Franklin 341.7 302.1 88.39 

Gadsden 330.3 253.9 76.85 

Gilchrist 223.3 134.7 60.32 

Glades 495.0 103.4 20.88 

Gulf 361.6 312.2 86.32 

Hamilton 329.5 242.4 73.56 

Hardee 407.9 79.5 19.50 

Hendry 737.7 71.6 9.71 

Hernando 306.1 158.4 51.73 

Highlands 658.2 85.6 13.00 

Hillsborough 672.7 122.6 18.22 

Holmes 308.8 211.1 68.35 

Indian River 322.1 31.2 9.68 

Jackson 586.1 327.1 55.82 

Jefferson 382.6 286.5 74.88 

Lafayette 347.4 297.3 85.58 

Lake 610.0 269.4 44.17 

Lee 514.3 118.7 23.08 

Leon 426.8 306.1 71.72 

Levy 715.8 476.6 66.58 

Liberty 535.0 513.3 95.94 

Madison 442.9 326.4 73.70 

Manatee 474.4 52.5 11.06 

Marion 1,010.6 588.1 58.20 

Martin 355.6 51.4 14.46 

Monroe 638.3 364.9 57.17 

Nassau 417.0 324.8 77.89 

Okaloosa 598.9 449.2 75.01 

Okeechobee 495.6 45.4 9.16 

Orange 580.9 172.8 29.75 

Osceola 846.1 184.5 21.80 

Palm Beach 1,302.0 122.4 9.40 

Pasco 476.8 159.5 33.44 

Pinellas 179.3 18.1 10.11 

Polk 1,200.0 283.3 23.61 

Putnam 462.2 350.7 75.88 

Santa Rosa 650.1 479.8 73.80 

Sarasota 365.9 59.6 16.29 

Seminole 197.3 74.5 37.75 

St. Johns 389.8 250.8 64.35 

St. Lucie 366.4 24.5 6.69 

Sumter 349.2 155.5 44.54 

Suwannee 440.1 233.7 53.09 

Taylor 666.8 582.8 87.39 

Union 153.8 121.4 78.93 

Volusia 707.8 461.5 65.20 

Wakulla 388.3 340.3 87.63 

Walton 676.9 522.2 77.15 

Washington 371.1 292.1 78.71 

 Total 34,558.1 16,221.2 46.94 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

a

 Excludes inland water.

b

 Includes timberland, reserved timberland, and other.
76

Table 46—Area of timberland by county and ownership class, Florida, 1995

Ownership class

 All National Other Forest Other

County ownerships forest public industrya private

Thousand acres

Alachua 277.5 5.0 — 112.6 159.8 

Baker 326.5 86.8 3.9 194.8 41.0 

Bay 396.4 28.7 — 209.9 157.7 

Bradford 135.2 16.4 — 79.8 38.9 

Brevard 93.1 18.1 — 75.0 — 

Broward — — — — —

Calhoun 302.6 0.1 — 138.8 163.7 

Charlotte 30.3 7.3 — 23.0 — 

Citrus 185.9 49.2 — 136.7 — 

Clay 288.2 71.5 — 69.3 147.5 

Collier 190.5 9.1 — 181.4 — 

Columbia 357.5 80.1 5.5 142.4 129.5 

Dade — — — — —

De Soto 47.8 3.1 — 44.6 — 

Dixie 385.7 22.2 — 280.6 82.9 

Duval 229.6 28.8 — 41.4 159.3 

Escambia 250.8 8.4 — 102.3 140.1 

Flagler 237.6 1.7 — 163.8 72.1 

Franklin 301.5 19.7 53.4 104.9 123.6 

Gadsden 253.4 10.3 — 104.2 138.8 

Gilchrist 134.7 0.3 — 26.4 108.0 

Glades 91.6 0.1 — 91.6 — 

Gulf 310.2 35.9 — 252.5 21.8 

Hamilton 240.1 13.1 — 111.3 115.7 

Hardee 79.5 0.8 — 78.7 — 

Hendry 62.8 0.5 — 62.4 — 

Hernando 155.9 57.7 — 98.2 — 

Highlands 78.8 23.1 — 55.7 — 

Hillsborough 96.5 17.8 — 78.6 — 

Holmes 210.7 4.3 — 32.4 174.0 

Indian River 22.8 0.8 — 22.0 — 

Jackson 325.4 14.8 — 25.1 285.5 

Jefferson 284.4 14.1 — 163.4 106.9 

Lafayette 297.3 2.8 — 206.6 87.9 

Lake 248.5 69.4 21.1 158.0 — 

Lee 60.9 8.9 — 52.0 — 

Leon 305.4 103.7 10.1 54.5 137.1 

Levy 462.8 63.2 — 171.6 228.0 

Liberty 503.2 258.2 22.3 153.6 69.2 

Madison 326.4 7.6 — 121.5 197.3 

Manatee 40.0 9.2 — 30.8 — 

Marion 568.3 245.6 37.3 68.1 217.3 

Martin 40.6 12.2 — 28.5 — 

Monroe — — — — —

Nassau 323.4 6.4 — 209.5 107.5 

Okaloosa 448.3 271.8 — 55.1 121.3 

Okeechobee 43.3 0.8 — 42.5 — 

Orange 149.3 30.6 — 118.7 — 

Osceola 181.5 32.7 — 148.8 — 

Palm Beach — — — — —

Pasco 159.1 65.2 — 93.9 — 

Pinellas 6.5 2.6 — 3.9 — 

Polk 243.2 35.0 — 208.2 — 

Putnam 347.8 19.9 29.0 101.4 197.5 

Santa Rosa 478.1 187.5 — 166.0 124.6 

Sarasota 48.8 3.0 — 45.8 — 

Seminole 72.5 6.9 — 65.6 — 

St. Johns 245.3 4.8 — 136.3 104.3 

St. Lucie 20.6 0.4 — 20.2 — 

Sumter 149.9 78.2 — 71.7 — 

Suwannee 231.5 5.7 — 12.7 213.1 

Taylor 579.4 54.8 — 487.4 37.3 

Union 121.4 3.9 — 75.5 41.9 

Volusia 440.9 41.4 — 41.8 357.7 

Wakulla 314.3 146.1 29.7 54.1 84.3 

Walton 516.8 173.5 — 103.4 239.8 

Washington 291.9 17.7 — 26.5 247.7 

 Total 14,650.7 1,029.5 1,802.3 4,601.5 7,217.4 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a

 Includes 586.0 thousand acres of other private land under long-term lease.
77

Table 47—Area of timberland by county and forest management type, Florida, 1995

Forest management type

 All Pine Natural Oak- Upland Lowland

County ownerships plantation pine pine hardwood hardwood

Thousand acres

Alachua 277.5 121.5 27.1 18.9 72.8 37.2 

Baker 326.5 150.4 75.2 12.3 2.7 85.9 

Bay 396.4 264.6 59.1 19.6 17.6 35.4 

Bradford 135.2 54.7 39.0 9.4 9.7 22.4 

Brevard 93.1 9.7 27.0 2.4 22.0 32.0 

Broward — — — — — —

Calhoun 302.6 145.3 38.5 31.7 27.8 59.4 

Charlotte 30.3 1.5 12.5 — 16.3 — 

Citrus 185.9 13.7 28.5 42.9 62.1 38.7 

Clay 288.2 105.0 61.6 21.1 49.4 51.2 

Collier 190.5 28.1 — 8.4 10.0 144.0 

Columbia 357.5 136.8 59.0 19.3 54.2 88.2 

Dade — — — — — —

De Soto 47.8 9.9 — 23.9 — 13.9 

Dixie 385.7 151.9 16.1 13.6 41.5 162.5 

Duval 229.6 69.8 55.8 34.0 31.6 38.4 

Escambia 250.8 83.5 76.3 33.1 19.5 38.4 

Flagler 237.6 111.2 36.6 19.2 16.1 54.5 

Franklin 301.5 152.3 58.8 24.3 5.5 60.6 

Gadsden 253.4 92.5 24.3 34.8 49.5 52.3 

Gilchrist 134.7 68.3 4.7 16.4 31.5 13.7 

Glades 91.6 22.9 23.0 2.9 5.7 37.2 

Gulf 310.2 117.8 65.0 16.0 6.5 105.0 

Hamilton 240.1 110.7 7.4 31.5 31.7 58.9 

Hardee 79.5 17.9 — 3.6 28.7 29.4 

Hendry 62.8 12.9 — 4.2 4.2 41.6 

Hernando 155.9 19.9 28.6 20.5 65.6 21.1 

Highlands 78.8 2.5 16.3 14.2 16.8 28.9 

Hillsborough 96.5 2.6 15.7 10.5 11.9 55.8 

Holmes 210.7 78.9 21.8 31.6 32.6 45.8 

Indian River 22.8 12.2 — 2.4 2.4 5.7 

Jackson 325.4 103.9 35.3 30.0 77.9 78.5 

Jefferson 284.4 111.5 22.3 22.7 33.1 94.8 

Lafayette 297.3 112.9 38.1 34.5 32.6 79.3 

Lake 248.5 54.6 44.6 27.1 32.2 90.0 

Lee 60.9 29.8 — 5.5 2.7 22.9 

Leon 305.4 79.3 78.8 56.9 48.2 42.2 

Levy 462.8 170.4 42.2 41.3 88.7 120.2 

Liberty 503.2 153.9 142.5 21.6 13.7 171.5 

Madison 326.4 114.9 31.3 20.8 59.4 100.1 

Manatee 40.0 9.2 6.2 2.1 10.3 12.3 

Marion 568.3 145.6 150.8 76.9 134.4 60.5 

Martin 40.6 29.3 — 2.9 2.8 5.7 

Monroe — — — — — —

Nassau 323.4 137.2 38.0 30.3 29.9 88.0 

Okaloosa 448.3 64.0 174.1 94.6 62.2 53.3 

Okeechobee 43.3 2.8 8.5 2.8 29.2 — 

Orange 149.3 3.0 44.1 11.9 17.8 72.6 

Osceola 181.5 2.7 27.9 18.0 19.8 113.1 

Palm Beach — — — — — —

Pasco 159.1 22.2 18.1 16.1 39.0 63.7 

Pinellas 6.5 1.3 — 1.3 3.9 — 

Polk 243.2 27.0 41.0 18.8 54.5 101.8 

Putnam 347.8 115.9 84.6 37.0 57.4 52.9 

Santa Rosa 478.1 111.5 129.7 105.5 47.8 83.6 

Sarasota 48.8 3.3 20.5 0.4 9.0 15.6 

Seminole 72.5 11.7 — 15.4 11.6 33.8 

St. Johns 245.3 88.0 49.5 32.6 6.8 68.5 

St. Lucie 20.6 12.8 — 2.5 5.3 — 

Sumter 149.9 14.0 42.6 8.1 41.5 43.6 

Suwannee 231.5 95.1 28.9 17.9 71.1 18.5 

Taylor 579.4 299.4 49.7 24.0 38.0 168.3 

Union 121.4 70.6 18.3 4.9 2.3 25.3 

Volusia 440.9 77.7 127.9 66.6 34.2 134.6 

Wakulla 314.3 97.7 93.6 35.3 38.9 48.7 

Walton 516.8 154.9 145.1 57.3 79.9 79.6 

Washington 291.9 102.6 26.4 36.7 61.9 64.4 

 Total 14,650.7 4,633.7 2,804.1 1,479.0 2,013.3 3,720.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
78

Table 48—Merchantable volume of live timber 5.0 inches d.b.h. and larger on timberland by county 

and species group, Florida, 1995

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine softwood hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet

Alachua 341.4 190.6 150.2 40.4 150.7 54.8 95.9 

Baker 389.0 299.6 236.9 62.7 89.4 84.6 4.8 

Bay 179.8 140.8 133.4 7.4 39.0 25.3 13.7 

Bradford 131.8 92.0 84.0 8.0 39.8 22.2 17.6 

Brevard 103.7 53.0 47.5 5.4 50.7 20.7 30.0 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 280.8 169.3 151.5 17.8 111.5 71.7 39.8 

Charlotte 33.0 31.0 13.9 17.1 2.0 2.0 — 

Citrus 179.4 80.6 47.2 33.4 98.8 34.2 64.7 

Clay 333.1 186.0 173.4 12.7 147.1 61.7 85.5 

Collier 212.4 183.0 36.4 146.6 29.5 13.5 16.0 

Columbia 422.7 258.5 207.6 50.8 164.2 107.9 56.3 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 61.9 9.5 3.6 6.0 52.4 22.4 30.0 

Dixie 485.4 254.3 173.4 80.9 231.1 96.4 134.7 

Duval 345.8 190.1 175.1 15.1 155.7 90.4 65.3 

Escambia 351.3 218.4 213.1 5.4 132.9 91.0 41.9 

Flagler 318.5 233.2 155.3 77.9 85.3 53.6 31.7 

Franklin 297.1 216.1 167.7 48.3 81.1 65.6 15.5 

Gadsden 315.2 120.4 120.4 194.8 — 101.8 93.0 

Gilchrist 127.6 92.4 74.8 17.6 35.1 5.8 29.3 

Glades 65.6 46.8 13.9 32.9 18.8 6.3 12.5 

Gulf 310.4 137.0 73.5 63.5 173.4 119.8 53.7 

Hamilton 266.3 138.3 114.1 24.2 128.0 61.5 66.5 

Hardee 134.3 56.5 30.8 25.8 77.8 19.4 58.3 

Hendry 119.0 98.4 4.7 93.6 20.6 8.2 12.4 

Hernando 218.9 75.2 68.3 6.9 143.7 54.8 88.9 

Highlands 89.7 48.0 16.3 31.7 41.7 19.8 21.9 

Hillsborough 122.5 216.2 25.4 97.1 93.7 36.5 57.2 

Holmes 192.1 82.1 72.7 9.5 110.0 78.3 31.7 

Indian River 25.2 19.6 13.1 6.5 5.5 0.2 5.3 

Jackson 307.7 106.7 83.0 23.7 201.0 117.9 83.2 

Jefferson 423.6 120.9 79.1 41.8 302.7 166.5 136.2 

Lafayette 225.8 114.6 76.8 37.8 111.2 49.4 61.8 

Lake 314.8 165.6 108.0 57.5 149.3 96.7 52.6 

Lee 59.1 53.0 18.3 34.7 6.1 6.1 — 

Leon 370.8 196.4 189.0 7.4 174.4 93.2 81.2 

Levy 641.0 374.7 278.5 96.2 266.3 114.9 151.4 

Liberty 630.6 363.9 262.0 101.9 266.7 192.6 74.1 

Madison 300.0 125.6 75.7 49.9 174.4 110.5 63.9 

Manatee 49.2 3.5 3.5 45.8 — 17.6 28.2 

Marion 600.7 359.2 337.2 22.0 241.5 86.2 155.3 

Martin 36.1 31.5 29.1 2.3 4.6 4.6 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 442.4 226.5 187.9 38.7 215.8 145.3 70.6 

Okaloosa 525.8 356.9 335.2 21.7 168.9 96.8 72.0 

Okeechobee 97.5 36.5 16.4 20.1 61.0 42.8 18.2 

Orange 217.3 133.2 53.1 80.1 84.1 62.1 22.1 

Osceola 326.6 213.9 50.5 163.4 112.7 70.4 42.3 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco 230.0 94.4 12.9 81.5 135.6 49.0 86.6 

Pinellas 10.8 7.9 4.1 3.8 2.9 2.1 0.8 

Polk 354.3 192.0 80.6 111.4 162.4 105.9 56.4 

Putnam 333.7 185.2 172.9 12.3 148.5 81.4 67.1 

Santa Rosa 645.1 416.4 350.5 65.9 228.8 160.1 68.7 

Sarasota 43.2 16.9 16.9 26.3 — 4.6 21.8 

Seminole 98.5 32.9 31.6 1.2 65.6 16.5 49.2 

St. Johns 301.1 167.9 142.2 25.7 133.2 82.2 51.0 

St. Lucie 15.3 10.5 8.4 2.1 4.8 0.7 4.1 

Sumter 289.8 141.6 54.8 86.8 148.3 54.9 93.4 

Suwannee 251.3 103.6 103.4 0.2 147.7 33.0 114.7 

Taylor 436.8 227.5 151.7 75.8 209.3 107.4 101.8 

Union 143.7 88.5 68.7 19.8 55.3 47.2 8.0 

Volusia 552.0 343.1 211.4 131.7 208.9 122.3 86.6 

Wakulla 357.2 209.1 199.4 9.6 148.2 82.8 65.4 

Walton 535.0 339.0 324.2 14.8 196.0 126.4 69.6 

Washington 301.1 123.8 88.3 35.5 177.3 104.3 73.1 

 Total 17,015.7 9,525.6 7,003.1 2,522.6 7,490.0 4,071.8 3,418.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
79

Table 49—Volume of growing stock on timberland by county and species group, Florida, 1995 

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine softwood hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet 

Alachua 308.7 190.3 149.9 40.4 118.3 46.8 71.6 

Baker 381.3 299.3 236.9 62.4 82.0 78.1 4.0 

Bay 174.1 140.5 133.1 7.4 33.6 22.2 11.4 

Bradford 126.7 92.0 84.0 8.0 34.7 20.2 14.5 

Brevard 85.8 52.6 47.4 5.1 33.2 14.8 18.4 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 256.3 166.2 149.2 17.0 90.1 58.0 32.0 

Charlotte 31.2 30.5 13.9 16.6 0.7 0.7 — 

Citrus 140.8 79.6 46.4 33.2 61.2 27.7 33.5 

Clay 293.9 185.8 173.2 12.7 108.1 57.5 50.5 

Collier 191.3 174.9 36.4 138.5 16.5 11.4 5.1 

Columbia 393.0 257.1 206.9 50.2 136.0 94.7 41.3 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 39.0 9.5 3.6 6.0 29.5 19.6 9.8 

Dixie 434.9 252.8 173.4 79.5 182.0 88.4 93.7 

Duval 323.6 189.9 175.1 14.9 133.6 84.7 48.9 

Escambia 330.7 218.1 212.8 5.4 112.6 83.6 29.0 

Flagler 307.1 231.4 154.1 77.3 75.7 51.7 24.0 

Franklin 275.0 210.8 166.1 44.7 64.2 54.5 9.7 

Gadsden 284.6 120.4 120.4 164.3 — 89.8 74.5 

Gilchrist 116.3 92.4 74.8 17.6 23.8 5.2 18.7 

Glades 53.0 46.5 13.9 32.6 6.5 4.7 1.8 

Gulf 246.7 131.3 73.5 57.8 115.4 97.4 18.0 

Hamilton 251.7 138.3 114.1 24.2 113.4 57.2 56.2 

Hardee 99.1 55.9 30.8 25.2 43.2 15.2 28.1 

Hendry 102.1 93.8 4.7 89.1 8.3 2.6 5.7 

Hernando 191.2 75.2 68.3 6.9 116.0 52.5 63.6 

Highlands 71.9 47.6 16.3 31.3 24.4 15.8 8.6 

Hillsborough 196.6 122.0 25.4 96.6 74.7 32.8 41.9 

Holmes 177.7 80.4 71.7 8.7 97.3 70.6 26.6 

Indian River 21.0 19.3 12.8 6.5 1.7 0.2 1.5 

Jackson 282.0 105.5 82.8 22.7 176.5 107.7 68.8 

Jefferson 386.6 120.4 79.1 41.3 266.1 158.0 108.2 

Lafayette 206.4 113.0 75.6 37.4 93.3 44.1 49.2 

Lake 273.9 162.8 107.3 55.5 111.1 77.1 34.0 

Lee 47.7 47.0 17.7 29.3 0.7 0.7 — 

Leon 348.3 195.8 188.4 7.4 152.5 82.0 70.4 

Levy 575.6 370.5 276.9 93.7 205.0 100.8 104.3 

Liberty 570.9 353.8 260.6 93.2 217.1 161.7 55.5 

Madison 268.9 124.7 75.2 49.5 144.2 101.6 42.6 

Manatee 30.1 3.2 3.2 26.9 — 14.1 12.9 

Marion 555.0 358.7 336.8 22.0 196.2 80.0 116.2 

Martin 31.5 30.6 28.3 2.3 0.9 0.9 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 396.0 225.4 187.4 38.0 170.6 123.4 47.1 

Okaloosa 461.5 352.4 333.2 19.2 109.1 73.4 35.7 

Okeechobee 76.1 36.1 16.4 19.7 40.0 32.3 7.7 

Orange 201.5 132.3 53.1 79.3 69.2 55.8 13.4 

Osceola 306.0 211.6 50.5 161.1 94.4 63.1 31.3 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco 193.6 93.8 12.6 81.1 99.8 45.3 54.5 

Pinellas 10.2 7.9 4.1 3.8 2.4 1.5 0.8 

Polk 317.7 190.7 80.3 110.4 127.0 91.7 35.3 

Putnam 304.6 183.9 172.4 11.5 120.7 76.7 44.0 

Santa Rosa 601.3 413.7 349.2 64.4 187.7 136.0 51.7 

Sarasota 25.6 16.9 16.9 8.7 — 3.8 4.9 

Seminole 77.3 32.2 30.9 1.2 45.1 12.2 32.9 

St. Johns 279.3 165.7 142.2 23.5 113.6 76.5 37.1 

St. Lucie 11.4 10.5 8.4 2.1 0.9 0.3 0.6 

Sumter 266.0 140.8 54.8 86.0 125.3 50.2 75.0 

Suwannee 220.6 102.0 102.0 118.6 — 28.7 89.9 

Taylor 399.1 226.1 150.8 75.3 173.0 98.5 74.5 

Union 138.0 87.6 68.4 19.2 50.4 43.5 6.8 

Volusia 508.8 338.2 210.6 127.6 170.6 116.1 54.4 

Wakulla 335.3 208.6 198.9 9.6 126.7 72.2 54.5 

Walton 494.7 336.5 323.2 13.3 158.2 117.5 40.7 

Washington 259.9 121.0 87.9 33.0 139.0 87.1 51.8 

 Total 15,366.4 9,424.4 6,975.1 2,449.3 5,942.0 3,590.7 2,351.3 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
80

Table 50—Volume of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, Florida, 1995 

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine softwood hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Million board feet 

Alachua 817.1 422.4 267.0 155.3 394.7 121.2 273.5 

Baker 1,051.7 871.1 681.4 189.7 180.6 171.1 9.4 

Bay 234.1 152.7 136.6 16.1 81.4 63.8 17.6 

Bradford 265.1 182.0 164.2 17.7 83.1 24.5 58.7 

Brevard 252.9 123.2 108.1 15.0 129.8 57.3 72.4 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 739.2 450.0 384.9 65.1 289.3 168.2 121.0 

Charlotte 74.5 71.6 37.8 33.7 2.9 2.9 — 

Citrus 474.6 294.8 157.3 137.5 179.8 79.5 100.3 

Clay 789.4 510.6 464.3 46.3 278.8 120.6 158.2 

Collier 587.4 548.0 121.9 426.0 39.4 23.1 16.3 

Columbia 1,069.5 807.0 643.7 163.2 262.5 147.1 115.4 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 142.4 42.2 18.6 23.6 100.3 65.3 35.0 

Dixie 1,040.5 571.6 348.5 223.1 468.9 193.7 275.2 

Duval 1,009.8 607.0 556.7 50.3 402.9 220.9 181.9 

Escambia 1,087.8 714.7 698.6 16.1 373.1 277.3 95.8 

Flagler 906.7 658.3 430.8 227.5 248.3 141.8 106.6 

Franklin 667.2 473.1 340.1 133.1 194.1 168.4 25.7 

Gadsden 868.0 363.8 363.8 504.2 — 250.3 253.9 

Gilchrist 224.5 157.2 107.5 49.7 67.3 4.7 62.6 

Glades 191.8 172.8 46.2 126.5 19.0 10.1 9.0 

Gulf 700.3 350.0 173.6 176.4 350.3 288.9 61.4 

Hamilton 561.5 258.1 207.3 50.8 303.4 97.7 205.7 

Hardee 365.3 234.7 152.6 82.1 130.6 27.8 102.8 

Hendry 365.4 329.6 19.7 309.9 35.7 12.0 23.8 

Hernando 611.2 256.4 225.1 31.3 354.8 150.5 204.4 

Highlands 263.0 194.1 65.0 129.1 68.9 34.4 34.5 

Hillsborough 594.5 362.3 113.3 249.1 232.1 94.9 137.2 

Holmes 462.1 253.9 221.5 32.4 208.2 128.9 79.3 

Indian River 86.0 79.8 61.0 18.8 6.2 6.2 — 

Jackson 767.5 322.6 249.0 73.7 444.8 224.2 220.6 

Jefferson 1,294.2 470.2 301.2 169.0 824.0 438.2 385.8 

Lafayette 535.3 295.9 195.1 100.8 239.5 65.6 173.8 

Lake 846.9 519.0 381.5 137.5 327.9 200.0 127.9 

Lee 67.4 67.4 26.0 41.3 — — —

Leon 1,238.5 742.0 725.7 16.3 496.5 253.7 242.9 

Levy 1,630.9 1,017.8 746.0 271.7 613.1 251.2 361.9 

Liberty 1,905.9 1,207.4 858.6 348.7 698.6 462.8 235.8 

Madison 731.8 353.3 193.0 160.3 378.5 236.3 142.3 

Manatee 117.8 14.4 14.4 103.4 — 57.0 46.4 

Marion 1,693.0 1,051.9 983.5 68.5 641.0 224.7 416.3 

Martin 107.8 104.4 104.4 3.4 — 3.4 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 1,017.4 639.1 519.6 119.5 378.3 235.0 143.2 

Okaloosa 1,627.7 1,370.9 1,281.2 89.6 256.8 134.9 121.9 

Okeechobee 271.5 136.1 59.6 76.5 135.4 108.1 27.3 

Orange 647.5 442.1 221.0 221.1 205.5 155.4 50.1 

Osceola 975.2 732.9 246.3 486.6 242.2 168.3 73.9 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco 599.6 261.4 39.2 222.1 338.2 140.6 197.6 

Pinellas 40.9 33.9 21.3 12.6 7.0 5.5 1.5 

Polk 994.4 617.7 304.3 313.4 376.7 242.4 134.3 

Putnam 811.3 462.1 421.4 40.8 349.2 219.2 130.0 

Santa Rosa 2,034.5 1,557.0 1,301.5 255.5 477.5 328.1 149.5 

Sarasota 89.6 55.1 55.1 34.6 — 11.8 22.8 

Seminole 316.9 138.1 132.5 5.6 178.9 46.7 132.1 

St. Johns 676.8 419.7 337.1 82.6 257.1 141.1 116.0 

St. Lucie 53.9 52.4 43.4 9.0 1.5 1.5 —

Sumter 769.2 418.2 159.9 258.3 351.0 119.1 231.8 

Suwannee 705.6 264.0 264.0 441.6 — 102.9 338.7 

Taylor 1,017.3 522.1 298.3 223.8 495.2 242.3 252.9 

Union 325.5 202.7 143.3 59.4 122.8 102.8 20.0 

Volusia 1,462.0 989.4 702.9 286.5 472.5 277.0 195.6 

Wakulla 1,145.6 770.1 733.8 36.3 375.5 195.4 180.1 

Walton 1,635.5 1,183.4 1,127.0 56.4 452.1 346.0 106.2 

Washington 628.7 364.2 222.9 141.3 264.5 121.8 142.7 

 Total 45,287.2 28,311.5 20,731.1 7,580.4 16,975.7 9,003.8 7,971.9 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
81

Table 51—Net annual changea of growing stock on timberland by county and species group,

Florida, 1995

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Million cubic feet 

Alachua 5.0 3.1 3.3 -0.2 1.9 0.7 1.2 

Baker 0.1 -1.6 -1.5 -0.1 1.6 1.3 0.3 

Bay -0.0 -1.2 -1.2 0.1 1.1 0.5 0.6 

Bradford 4.3 3.3 3.1 0.2 1.0 0.5 0.5 

Brevard -0.2 -1.0 -0.0 -1.0 0.8 0.2 0.6 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 2.1 0.9 0.7 0.2 1.2 1.2 0.0 

Charlotte 0.5 0.5 0.2 0.3 -0.0 -0.0 -0.0

Citrus 0.5 -0.9 -1.2 0.3 1.4 0.7 0.8 

Clay 3.2 0.8 0.7 0.1 2.4 1.3 1.1 

Collier -2.1 -0.4 1.1 -1.5 -1.7 -1.0 -0.7

Columbia 1.9 -1.2 -1.1 -0.1 3.2 2.3 0.9 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 0.5 -0.4 -0.4 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.2 

Dixie 2.6 1.6 3.2 -1.6 1.1 0.1 0.9 

Duval 9.7 8.3 8.2 0.1 1.3 1.7 -0.3

Escambia 1.0 2.0 1.7 0.3 -1.0 -1.1 0.0 

Flagler 1.8 0.2 2.0 -1.8 1.6 0.9 0.7 

Franklin 10.6 9.5 8.6 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.4 

Gadsden 5.1 2.8 2.8 2.3 — 0.7 1.7 

Gilchrist 4.7 3.6 3.5 0.2 1.1 0.3 0.8 

Glades -2.2 -2.3 -2.5 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 

Gulf 4.8 3.3 2.3 1.0 1.6 1.1 0.4 

Hamilton 1.0 -0.1 0.7 -0.8 1.1 -0.2 1.3 

Hardee 3.1 1.5 0.5 1.0 1.6 0.5 1.1 

Hendry -1.4 -1.3 -2.4 1.2 -0.1 -0.1 -0.0

Hernando 2.4 2.4 2.2 0.2 -0.0 -0.4 0.3 

Highlands -0.0 0.4 -0.1 0.5 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 

Hillsborough 1.4 1.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.4 -0.0

Holmes 4.2 1.3 1.2 0.2 2.9 1.8 1.1 

Indian River 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 -0.0 0.0 -0.1

Jackson -8.4 -5.3 -6.0 0.7 -3.1 -0.6 -2.5

Jefferson 5.0 -0.7 -1.0 0.3 5.7 3.1 2.5 

Lafayette -4.3 -6.3 -5.4 -0.9 2.0 1.0 1.0 

Lake 0.6 -0.9 1.1 -2.0 1.5 1.3 0.2 

Lee 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.1 — 

Leon 1.9 2.0 2.0 0.0 -0.1 -0.3 0.2 

Levy 9.8 7.4 6.9 0.5 2.3 1.3 1.0 

Liberty 3.7 1.9 1.3 0.7 1.8 2.1 -0.3

Madison -4.3 -4.5 -3.1 -1.3 0.2 -0.8 1.0 

Manatee 0.2 -0.5 -0.5 0.8 — 0.2 0.6 

Marion 4.3 -1.0 -1.2 0.2 5.4 1.6 3.7 

Martin 0.9 0.9 0.6 0.3 0.0 0.0 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 3.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 3.1 2.7 0.4 

Okaloosa 5.1 2.0 1.8 0.2 3.1 1.9 1.1 

Okeechobee 0.7 0.1 -0.0 0.2 0.6 0.3 0.3 

Orange -0.4 0.9 -0.1 1.0 -1.3 -0.6 -0.7

Osceola 2.5 1.3 0.7 0.6 1.2 0.7 0.5 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco -2.5 -3.0 -2.2 -0.8 0.5 0.1 0.4 

Pinellas -0.3 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 

Polk 3.7 1.0 3.2 -2.1 2.6 2.0 0.6 

Putnam 0.5 1.4 1.3 0.1 -0.9 -1.0 0.1 

Santa Rosa 3.8 -0.2 -1.5 1.3 4.0 2.5 1.5 

Sarasota 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 — 0.0 0.1 

Seminole -0.2 0.9 0.8 0.0 -1.0 -0.4 -0.6

St. Johns 2.8 1.5 2.0 -0.6 1.4 1.3 0.1 

St. Lucie -1.1 -1.1 -1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 — 

Sumter 4.9 3.6 2.0 1.7 1.3 0.1 1.2 

Suwannee 8.5 6.3 6.3 2.2 — 0.3 1.9 

Taylor -4.0 -2.1 -1.9 -0.1 -2.0 -0.4 -1.5

Union 3.0 2.4 2.0 0.3 0.6 0.4 0.2 

Volusia 4.7 0.4 0.7 -0.3 4.4 3.2 1.1 

Wakulla 3.6 3.1 2.7 0.4 0.5 0.8 -0.2

Walton 10.9 6.9 6.7 0.3 3.9 2.3 1.6 

Washington 8.0 4.2 3.8 0.4 3.8 2.6 1.2 

 Total 131.9 59.1 57.3 1.8 72.8 42.2 30.5 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Average net annual growth minus annual timber removals.

softwood

Other
82

Table 52—Net annual changea of sawtimber on timberland by county and species group, 

Florida, 1995

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine softwood hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Million board feet 

Alachua 18.0 10.0 10.2 -0.2 8.0 2.9 5.1 

Baker 1.0 -1.2 -3.1 1.8 2.2 1.8 0.4 

Bay -6.9 -9.8 -10.1 0.3 2.9 1.3 1.6 

Bradford 11.4 8.7 7.7 0.9 2.7 1.2 1.5 

Brevard 3.9 0.4 3.1 -2.7 3.5 1.2 2.3 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 9.4 1.9 0.2 1.7 7.5 5.3 2.2 

Charlotte 2.7 2.9 2.3 0.6 -0.2 -0.2 —

Citrus 5.6 0.7 -1.6 2.2 4.9 2.1 2.8 

Clay 11.6 3.9 3.4 0.5 7.8 2.9 4.8 

Collier -3.0 5.3 4.6 0.7 -8.3 -4.9 -3.4

Columbia -2.7 -7.6 -7.7 0.1 4.9 2.2 2.7 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 2.0 -1.5 -1.8 0.3 3.5 3.5 -0.1

Dixie 7.9 3.2 6.2 -2.9 4.7 -3.2 7.9 

Duval 33.0 25.8 24.7 1.0 7.3 5.3 2.0 

Escambia 3.7 4.1 3.0 1.1 -0.4 -1.9 1.4 

Flagler 25.8 17.6 19.8 -2.2 8.2 4.9 3.3 

Franklin 17.4 12.9 8.9 4.0 4.5 3.4 1.1 

Gadsden 5.0 -4.2 -4.2 9.2 — 2.8 6.3 

Gilchrist 4.2 1.9 1.0 0.9 2.2 -0.2 2.5 

Glades -3.4 -4.5 -6.1 1.6 1.2 0.6 0.6 

Gulf 19.4 10.4 5.7 4.6 9.0 7.1 1.9 

Hamilton -5.0 -9.3 -7.8 -1.5 4.2 -1.1 5.4 

Hardee 11.1 6.8 4.1 2.7 4.3 0.7 3.5 

Hendry -0.7 -0.6 -7.1 6.5 -0.1 -0.5 0.4 

Hernando 5.5 5.7 5.2 0.6 -0.3 -1.0 0.7 

Highlands 2.2 3.2 0.1 3.1 -1.0 -1.2 0.3 

Hillsborough 7.4 4.5 1.4 3.0 2.9 3.3 -0.4

Holmes 2.8 -3.7 -4.4 0.7 6.5 4.3 2.2 

Indian River 0.2 0.5 0.3 0.2 -0.3 -0.3 —

Jackson -43.7 -30.6 -32.3 1.7 -13.1 -3.7 -9.3

Jefferson 9.2 -13.2 -16.0 2.8 22.4 12.5 9.9 

Lafayette -5.3 -7.0 -6.4 -0.6 1.7 0.4 1.3 

Lake 1.9 -5.5 -0.9 -4.7 7.4 6.8 0.6 

Lee 2.5 2.5 1.5 0.9 — — —

Leon 8.6 3.5 3.4 0.1 5.1 2.1 2.9 

Levy 38.9 28.7 23.5 5.3 10.2 3.9 6.3 

Liberty 16.0 6.6 3.2 3.4 9.4 9.6 -0.3

Madison -13.5 -17.5 -14.7 -2.7 3.9 -1.1 5.0 

Manatee 1.0 -2.5 -2.5 3.5 — 1.1 2.3 

Marion 36.8 14.9 13.8 1.1 21.8 8.0 13.8 

Martin 1.2 1.2 1.2 0.0 — 0.0 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 8.7 1.0 -0.9 2.0 7.6 5.5 2.1 

Okaloosa 22.4 13.8 12.5 1.3 8.6 4.0 4.6 

Okeechobee 4.5 1.0 0.3 0.8 3.4 2.0 1.4 

Orange 10.5 13.0 8.4 4.6 -2.5 -0.5 -2.0

Osceola 20.1 14.5 5.1 9.4 5.6 3.3 2.4 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco -3.5 -7.5 -9.0 1.5 4.0 1.8 2.2 

Pinellas -0.8 -1.0 -1.6 0.6 0.2 0.2 —

Polk 26.1 12.8 10.9 1.9 13.3 9.5 3.8 

Putnam 3.0 7.1 6.5 0.6 -4.1 -4.6 0.5 

Santa Rosa 34.5 21.4 15.5 6.0 13.0 7.6 5.4 

Sarasota 1.4 0.5 0.5 0.9 — 0.3 0.6 

Seminole 1.9 4.5 4.4 0.1 -2.6 -1.4 -1.2

St. Johns 8.8 3.2 3.1 0.0 5.6 5.1 0.5 

St. Lucie -2.6 -2.6 -2.8 0.2 — — —

Sumter 12.7 10.0 2.8 7.2 2.6 -0.5 3.2 

Suwannee 20.9 12.2 12.2 8.7 — 1.0 7.7 

Taylor -9.7 -8.8 -9.2 0.5 -1.0 -0.6 -0.4

Union 7.4 4.8 3.7 1.1 2.6 1.6 1.0 

Volusia 16.9 1.9 0.1 1.8 15.0 8.8 6.2 

Wakulla -0.3 -2.6 -3.6 1.0 2.3 1.5 0.8 

Walton 41.8 27.4 26.2 1.2 14.4 9.3 5.1 

Washington 14.3 8.1 4.8 3.2 6.2 2.2 4.0 

 Total 482.2 204.3 122.2 82.1 277.9 138.8 139.2 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell. a Average net annual growth minus annual timber removals.
83

Table 53—Green weight of forest biomass on timberland by county and species group,

Florida, 1995

Softwoods Hardwoods

 All All Yellow Other All Soft Hard

County species softwoods pine softwood hardwoods hardwood hardwood

Thousand tons 

Alachua 18,433.0 9,801.8 7,940.0 1,861.8 8,631.3 2,624.4 6,006.9 

Baker 20,843.8 15,745.6 12,557.2 3,188.5 5,098.2 4,692.2 406.0 

Bay 11,218.1 8,899.1 8,498.2 400.9 2,319.0 1,213.1 1,105.9 

Bradford 7,680.9 5,288.7 4,838.0 450.7 2,392.3 1,334.1 1,058.2 

Brevard 5,340.3 2,538.2 2,249.4 288.8 2,802.1 1,042.7 1,759.5 

Broward — — — — — — —

Calhoun 14,863.3 8,830.4 7,970.2 860.2 6,032.9 3,686.5 2,346.4 

Charlotte 1,667.0 1,549.6 678.5 871.1 117.4 117.4 — 

Citrus 9,914.1 3,869.2 2,331.2 1,538.0 6,044.9 1,687.9 4,357.1 

Clay 17,901.7 9,549.8 8,941.1 608.7 8,351.9 3,129.8 5,222.2 

Collier 10,899.2 8,738.2 1,827.9 6,910.3 2,161.0 743.2 1,417.8 

Columbia 22,347.4 12,936.9 10,547.5 2,389.4 9,410.6 5,871.0 3,539.6 

Dade — — — — — — —

De Soto 3,353.3 432.5 166.4 266.1 2,920.8 1,029.4 1,891.5 

Dixie 25,777.9 12,505.6 8,706.3 3,799.3 13,272.3 5,018.4 8,253.9 

Duval 18,058.1 9,718.3 8,995.0 723.3 8,339.8 4,566.3 3,773.6 

Escambia 18,218.5 10,912.5 10,648.0 264.6 7,306.0 4,328.2 2,977.8 

Flagler 15,588.4 11,223.1 7,661.1 3,562.0 4,365.3 2,523.0 1,842.3 

Franklin 16,566.5 12,131.3 9,559.3 2,572.0 4,435.2 3,362.5 1,072.7 

Gadsden 16,446.6 6,300.5 6,300.5 10,146.1 — 4,612.4 5,533.7 

Gilchrist 7,290.6 4,819.3 3,992.7 826.6 2,471.3 394.7 2,076.6 

Glades 3,321.5 2,229.0 686.6 1,542.5 1,092.5 355.2 737.3 

Gulf 15,626.7 7,402.1 4,311.6 3,090.5 8,224.6 5,859.7 2,365.0 

Hamilton 14,159.9 7,218.7 6,128.1 1,090.7 6,941.2 3,078.3 3,862.9 

Hardee 7,051.7 2,553.6 1,364.4 1,189.2 4,498.1 932.8 3,565.3 

Hendry 5,767.8 4,575.0 262.5 4,312.6 1,192.8 401.2 791.6 

Hernando 11,684.8 3,659.9 3,346.1 313.8 8,024.9 2,483.1 5,541.9 

Highlands 4,614.4 2,330.0 840.2 1,489.8 2,284.4 982.0 1,302.4 

Hillsborough 10,357.2 5,333.0 1,148.2 4,184.8 5,024.2 1,778.7 3,245.5 

Holmes 10,801.5 4,427.3 3,972.1 455.2 6,374.2 3,943.1 2,431.1 

Indian River 1,246.5 906.9 599.2 307.7 339.7 17.2 322.5 

Jackson 17,102.4 6,201.7 4,885.1 1,316.6 10,900.8 5,813.6 5,087.2 

Jefferson 21,276.3 5,954.0 4,071.2 1,882.8 15,322.4 7,795.9 7,526.5 

Lafayette 12,649.0 6,470.7 4,654.0 1,816.8 6,178.3 2,392.7 3,785.6 

Lake 15,567.4 7,960.3 5,345.4 2,614.9 7,607.2 4,578.0 3,029.2 

Lee 3,201.1 2,611.5 955.8 1,655.7 589.6 589.6 — 

Leon 19,407.4 9,655.7 9,317.5 338.2 9,751.7 4,586.3 5,165.5 

Levy 33,284.2 18,079.3 13,650.4 4,428.9 15,204.9 5,692.7 9,512.2 

Liberty 31,623.6 17,812.6 13,094.6 4,718.0 13,811.1 9,602.6 4,208.5 

Madison 16,307.8 6,615.0 4,449.3 2,165.7 9,692.8 5,498.5 4,194.3 

Manatee 2,669.0 158.1 158.1 2,510.9 — 767.6 1,743.3 

Marion 32,065.4 18,367.5 17,400.0 967.6 13,697.9 4,155.6 9,542.3 

Martin 1,822.4 1,557.9 1,430.1 127.8 264.5 264.5 — 

Monroe — — — — — — —

Nassau 23,143.0 11,383.6 9,580.9 1,802.7 11,759.5 7,252.2 4,507.3 

Okaloosa 27,440.5 17,054.3 16,006.2 1,048.2 10,386.2 4,573.6 5,812.6 

Okeechobee 4,623.6 1,702.1 787.3 914.8 2,921.6 1,881.9 1,039.7 

Orange 10,379.8 6,072.1 2,420.8 3,651.3 4,307.8 2,848.4 1,459.4 

Osceola 15,625.9 9,901.8 2,301.4 7,600.5 5,724.1 3,191.4 2,532.8 

Palm Beach — — — — — — —

Pasco 11,542.2 4,384.2 771.2 3,613.0 7,158.1 2,151.0 5,007.1 

Pinellas 505.4 348.4 180.4 168.0 157.0 89.4 67.7 

Polk 17,071.9 8,894.9 3,823.8 5,071.1 8,177.0 4,989.9 3,187.1 

Putnam 18,103.6 9,603.8 9,024.5 579.3 8,499.8 3,942.2 4,557.7 

Santa Rosa 32,750.4 20,015.7 16,886.0 3,129.7 12,734.7 7,657.8 5,077.0 

Sarasota 2,395.9 863.1 863.1 1,532.8 — 222.5 1,310.3 

Seminole 5,161.6 1,487.2 1,433.5 53.7 3,674.4 791.2 2,883.3 

St. Johns 15,758.9 8,345.4 7,129.4 1,216.0 7,413.6 4,247.7 3,165.9 

St. Lucie 794.9 502.5 400.6 101.9 292.5 33.2 259.3 

Sumter 13,991.4 6,508.5 2,587.7 3,920.8 7,482.9 2,613.7 4,869.2 

Suwannee 14,419.6 5,765.0 5,752.9 12.1 8,654.6 1,609.0 7,045.7 

Taylor 25,076.3 13,380.7 9,845.2 3,535.5 11,695.6 5,183.2 6,512.4 

Union 7,793.7 4,926.9 3,974.4 952.6 2,866.8 2,361.4 505.4 

Volusia 27,897.1 17,063.0 10,673.6 6,389.4 10,834.2 5,934.5 4,899.7 

Wakulla 18,575.0 10,354.6 9,875.0 479.6 8,220.5 4,234.5 3,986.0 

Walton 28,651.2 16,625.8 15,932.0 693.8 12,025.5 6,008.8 6,016.7 

Washington 16,496.6 6,636.1 4,961.9 1,674.2 9,860.5 5,096.7 4,763.8 

 Total 892,213.7 479,688.5 361,689.6 117,998.9 412,525.2 199,487.2 213,038.0 

Numbers in rows and columns may not sum to totals due to rounding.

A dash (—) indicates no sample for the cell; 0.0 indicates a value of >0.0 but <0.05 for the cell.
84

Brown, Mark J. 1999. Florida’s forests, 1995. Resour. Bull. SRS-48. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of

Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station. 83 p.

Between 1987 and 1995, timberland area in Florida decreased by 2 percent to less than 14.7 million

acres. Timberland under nonindustrial private ownership increased 2 percent to 7.2 million acres, and

public ownership increased 16 percent to 2.8 million acres. However, timberland controlled by forest

industry decreased by 16 percent to 4.6 million acres. Pine plantations now account for 32 percent of

the State’s timberland, the highest proportion in the South. Volume of softwood growing stock

increased almost 5 percent to 9.4 billion cubic feet, and volume of hardwood growing stock increased

nearly 10 percent to more than 5.9 billion cubic feet. Net annual growth of softwood growing stock

increased 9 percent to 532 million cubic feet, and that of hardwood increased 14 percent to 161 million

cubic feet. Average annual removals of softwood growing stock changed little at 473 million cubic

feet, whereas hardwood removals increased 33 percent to 88 million cubic feet.

Keywords: Forest type, growing stock, harvest, mortality, ownership, regeneration, removals,

timberland, volume.
85

The Forest Service, U.S. Department of

Agriculture, is dedicated to the principle of

multiple use management of the Nation’s forest

resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and

recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and

private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and

National Grasslands, it strives—as directed by Congress—to provide

increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) prohibits discrimination in

all its programs and activities on the basis of race, color, national origin,

sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, or

marital or family status. (Not all prohibited bases apply to all programs.)

Persons with disabilities who require alternative means for communication of program information (Braille, large print, audiotape, etc.) should

contact USDA's TARGET Center at 202-720-2600 (voice and TDD). To

file a complaint of discrimination, write USDA, Director, Office of Civil

Rights, Room 326-W, Whitten Building, 1400 Independance Avenue,

SW, Washington, DC 20250-9410 or call 202-720-5964 (voice or

TDD). USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.