1 

https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-CRCP-29
2 

CITATION: 

Maynard, J., Johnson, S.M., Burdick, D.R., Jarrett, A., Gault, J., Idechong, J., Miller, R., 

Williams, G.J., Heron, S.F., Raymundo, L. 2017. Coral reef resilience to climate change 

in Guam in 2016. NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program. NOAA Technical 

Memorandum CRCP 29, 51 pp. 

FOR MORE INFORMATION: 

For more information about this report or to request a copy, please contact NOAA’s

Coral Reef Conservation Program at 301-713-3155 or write to: NOAA Coral Reef 

Conservation Program; NOAA/NOS/OCM; 1305 East West Highway; Silver Spring, MD 

20910 or visit www.coralreef.noaa.gov. 

DISCLAIMER: 

Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or 

recommendation for their use by the United States government. 

https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-CRCP-29
3 

Coral reef resilience to climate change in 

Guam in 2016

Jeffrey Maynard*, Steven Johnson*, David Burdick*, Andrew Jarrett, 

Jordan Gault, Jacques Idechong, Roxanna Miller, Gareth J. Williams, 

Scott F. Heron, Laurie Raymundo 

*Project Co-Leaders

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 

National Ocean Service 

Office for Coastal Management 

Coral Reef Conservation Program 

January 2018 

NOAA Technical Memorandum CRCP 29

United States Department of National Oceanic and National Ocean Service 

Commerce Atmospheric Administration 

Wilbur Ross RDML Timothy Gallaudet Dr. Russell Callender 

Secretary Administrator (Acting) Assistant Administrator 

https://doi.org/10.7289/V5/TM-CRCP-29
Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

4 

Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016

Jeffrey Maynard1,2*, Steven Johnson3*, David Burdick4*, Andrew Jarrett4, 

Jordan Gault4, Jacques Idechong4, Roxanna Miller4, Gareth J. Williams5, 

Scott F. Heron6,7, Laurie Raymundo4

*Project Co-leaders 

1 – SymbioSeas and the Marine Applied Research Center, Wilmington NC, 28411, USA, 2 –

Laboratoire d’Excellence «CORAIL» USR 3278 CNRS – EPHE, CRIOBE, Papetoai, Moorea, 

Polynésie Française, 3 – College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State 

University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA, 4 – University of Guam Marine Laboratory, 

University of Guam, Mangilao GU 96923, USA, 5- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor 

University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, UK, 5 – NOAA Coral Reef Watch, 

NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications and Research, 5830 University Research Ct., 

E/RA3, College Park, MD 20740, USA, 6 – Marine Geophysical Laboratory, Physics 

Department, College of Science, Technology and Engineering, James Cook University, 

Townsville, Qld 4814, Australia

E-mail addresses for Project Co-Leaders: Jeffrey Maynard 

(maynardmarine@gmail.com), Steven Johnson (stevenjohnson670@gmail.com), David 

Burdick (burdickd@triton.uog.edu) 

Acknowledgments 

Financial support for this applied research was provided by a grant from the NOAA 

National Marine Fisheries Service Saltonstall-Kennedy Program. Resources were also 

provided in support of the fieldwork and project staff from the University of Guam 

Marine Laboratory. All graphics were developed by Dieter Tracey of Science Graphics. 

The contents of this report are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a 

statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government.
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

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Executive Summary 

Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016

Jeffrey Maynard*, Steven Johnson*, David Burdick*, Andrew Jarrett, Jordan Gault, Jacques 

Idechong, Roxanna Miller, Laurie Raymundo

Introduction – Coral reef resilience is the capacity of a reef to resist or recover from degradation and 

maintain provision of ecosystem goods and services. Resilience-based management (RBM) has been 

developed to overcome the challenges of supporting ecosystem resilience in this era of rapid change. 

RBM involves the application of resilience theory and tools to deliver ecosystem-based management 

outcomes into the future. RBM of coral reefs can include assessing spatial variation in resilience potential 

and then targeting and tailoring appropriate actions to preserve or restore the resilience of reefs. 

Resilience assessments involve measuring or assessing resilience indicators (e.g., coral disease, coral 

recruitment and herbivorous fish biomass) and producing an aggregate score that expresses resilience 

potential for all sites as relative to the site with the highest (assessed) resilience potential. 

The Marine Fisheries Management Plan of Guam explains that understanding the resilience of reef 

fisheries and the coral reefs upon which they depend is needed for future assessments of yield. This 

project was designed to meet this need. 

Objectives – Obj. 1. Benthic Cover – Assess the percentage cover of major benthic groups, including 

corals, macroalgae, coralline algae, and ‘other’ (i.e., turf algae and unconsolidated substrate). 

Obj. 2. Relative Resilience – Assess the relative resilience potential of coral reefs at two depths and 

compare resilience potential among survey sites. 

Obj. 3. Resilience Drivers – Determine the drivers of differences in resilience potential between sites. 

Results – Obj. 1 - Coral cover was higher on average in the shallow (25%) survey areas than the deep 

areas (19%). Differences between the shallow and deep survey sites in coral cover are driven by 

differences in macroalgae cover as coralline algae (12% shallow and 10% deep) and other cover (41%

both depths) are very similar between the depths. Average macroalgae cover was 22% in the shallow and 

30% in the deep. 

Obj. 2 – For the shallow sites, normalized resilience scores ranged from 0.62 to 1.00. Three sites were 

assessed as having high resilience, five medium-high, nine medium-low, and two low. The three sites 

with high relative resilience are Tagua Point, Ague Point, and Pugua Patch Reef; these sites are in 

northern Guam. The two sites with low relative resilience are Ga’an Point and Fouha Bay, which are in 

southwestern Guam. There is a strong pattern that the relative resilience classes for survey sites are higher 

in the northern half of Guam and lower in the southern half and this was true for both depths (see figure 

below). For both depths and with very few exceptions, scores were medium-high or high for resilience 

indicators in northern Guam and medium-low or low in southern Guam. 

For the deep sites, normalized resilience scores ranged from 0.64 to 1.00. Five sites were assessed as 

having high resilience, five medium-high, seven medium-low, and three low. The five sites with high 

relative resilience are Pugua Patch Reef, Ague Point, Luminao Reef, Tagua Point, and Tumon Bay; these 

sites are in northern Guam. The three sites with low relative resilience are Fouha Bay, Facpi Point and 

Cocos Barrier Reef-E, which are in southern Guam. 

 
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Figure – Spatial variation in relative resilience for both depths. Sites are ranked from highest to 

lowest relative resilience. 

Obj. 3 - Across the shallow reef sites of Guam, higher resilience potential correlated most strongly with 

high coral cover and high coral recruitment and low resilience potential sites were negatively correlated 

with these same two indicators. Across the deep reef sites of Guam, higher resilience potential correlated 

most strongly with high coral recruitment, low macroalgae, high herbivore biomass and high coral cover. 

Next Steps - Continued resilience monitoring can help managers identify the reefs that recover the 

fastest from recent bleaching events in Guam; these may be conservation priority areas. Combining the 

results of the Guam study with the CNMI study can help provide the groundwork for a regional planning 

and response. The data and results will be built into a Pacific-wide assessment of coral reef fisheries 

vulnerability to climate change being led by members of this project team from 2017-2019. 

Site summaries – This report concludes with Site Summaries. These are 1-page summaries for each 

survey site that present the site name origin, and, for each site depth: coordinates, photographs, resilience 

ranks, resilience indicator scores, benthic community pie charts, and coral and fish species lists. 

Acknowledgments - Financial support for this applied research was provided by a grant from the NOAA National 

Marine Fisheries Service Saltonstall-Kennedy Program. Resources were also provided in support of the fieldwork 

and project staff from the University of Guam Marine Laboratory. The contents of this report are solely the opinions 

of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. 

Government.
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Table of Contents 

Executive Summary ........................................................................................ See preceding pages 

Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 8 

Study Objectives............................................................................................................................ 9 

Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 9 

Results .......................................................................................................................................... 11 

Obj. 1 – Benthic Cover.............................................................................................................. 12 

Obj. 2 – Relative Resilience ...................................................................................................... 12 

Obj. 3 – Resilience Drivers ....................................................................................................... 12 

Next Steps .................................................................................................................................... 12 

References .................................................................................................................................... 13 

Appendix 1 – Bleaching susceptibility ratings for coral species ............................................. 14 

Appendix 2 - Site Summary Guide ............................................................................................ 18 
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Introduction 

Coral reef resilience is the capacity of a reef to resist or recover from degradation and maintain 

provision of ecosystem goods and services (Mumby et al. 2007). Resilience-based management 

(RBM) has been developed to overcome the challenges of supporting ecosystem resilience in this 

era of rapid change (Bestelmeyer and Briske 2012). RBM involves the application of resilience 

theory and tools to deliver ecosystem-based management outcomes into the future (Chapin et al. 

2009). RBM of coral reefs can include assessing spatial variation in resilience potential and then 

targeting and tailoring appropriate actions to preserve or restore the resilience of reefs. Such 

assessments have been strongly recommended by coral reef ecology experts and leading 

conservation organizations (Maynard et al. 2015; Anthony et al. 2015; McClanahan et al. 2012; 

Graham et al. 2013). The assessments involve measuring or assessing resilience indicators (e.g. 

coral disease, coral recruitment and herbivorous fish biomass) and producing an aggregate score 

that expresses resilience potential for all sites as relative to the site with the highest (assessed) 

resilience potential (see Maynard et al. 2015 for guidance). Examples are just emerging of 

assessments of resilience potential that explicitly guide managers in making targeted decisions 

(Maynard et al., 2015; Weeks & Jupiter, 2013). 

The resilience assessment presented here for Guam builds on similar work undertaken in CNMI 

in collaboration with natural resource managers based in Saipan (Maynard et al. 2015). The 

CNMI assessment was the first field-based implementation of the framework recommended 

within A Guide to Assessing Coral Reef Resilience for Decision Support (Maynard et al. 2017). 

Studies conducted in the late 1990’s in Guam showed declines in rates of coral replenishment 

over the preceding decades and made the case these declines were due to both sedimentation and 

herbivore overfishing (Birkeland 1997). Those studies are reviewed on page 74 of the Marianas 

Fishery Management Plan (MFMP). Sedimentation and herbivore overfishing, which can inhibit 

ecosystem recovery, pose even greater threats to Guam’s reefs today given recent coral bleaching 

events have resulted in substantial coral mortality (Reynolds et al. 2014). In addition to the 

compromised recovery capacity of Guam’s reef systems, the recovery period following the major 

bleaching event in 2013 was brief, with additional bleaching-associated mortality occurring 

again in 2014 and 2016. The alarming trend of annual or near-annual bleaching events continues. 

At time of writing of this report, members of this team were again surveying the reefs in Guam 

as another severe bleaching event affected the island’s reefs between July and October, 2017, 

with preliminary results suggesting coral mortality rates will be similar to those observed in 

2013. The MFMP of Guam makes the case that understanding the resilience of reef fisheries and 

the coral reefs upon which they depend will be critically important in future assessments of yield. 

This project will result in managers and fishing community members better understanding spatial 

variation in the relative resilience of herbivorous fish communities and coral reefs in Guam. 

Study Objectives 

Obj. 1. Benthic Cover – Assess the percentage cover of major benthic groups, including corals, 

macroalgae, coralline algae, and Ǯotherǯ (i.e., turf algae and unconsolidated substrate). 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Obj. 2. Relative Resilience – Assess the relative resilience potential of coral reefs at two depths 

and compare resilience potential among survey sites. 

Obj. 3. Resilience Drivers – Determine the primary drivers of differences in resilience potential 

between sites.

Methods 

Field surveys were conducted at shallow (5 m) and deep (12 m) sites at 20 survey areas in the 

reef slope habitat of Guam from July – September of 2016. The sites surveyed by our 5-diver 

team represent the vast majority of the ecological and physical conditions around Guam. Some 

easterly sites we had hoped to include were not surveyed due to weather and logistical 

restrictions. Methods used to meet the three study objectives are described below. 

Obj. 1. Benthic Cover – Benthic cover data was collected using a line-point intercept (LPI) 

methodology. Each site consists of three replicated 30 m transects. Data points were collected at 

0.5 m intervals along the length of each transect. The observer would identify the benthos 

directly under the transect to the highest taxonomic resolution possible. Point data was then 

aggregated into the following categories: corals, macroalgae, coralline algae and other substrate 

(e.g., sand, turf algae or bare rock). 

Obj. 2. Relative Resilience – The resilience indicators included were coral cover, coral diversity, 

coral recruitment, bleaching resistance, macroalgae cover, herbivorous fish biomass, and 

temperature variability. These indicators were selected from among those reviewed for perceived 

importance and scientific evidence within McClanahan et al. (2012) and six of these seven 

(exception: coral cover) were used within a similar resilience assessment conducted in CNMI 

(Maynard et al. 2015). Methods for assessment or measurement of each of the resilience 

indicators are described in Table 1. 

The resilience assessment compared within rather than among depths; i.e., data for the two 

depths were not aggregated and shallow was not compared to deep or vice versa. Once data were 

collected and compiled for each indicator, values for each variable were normalized to a unidirectional scale of 0-1 by dividing by the maximum value for the variable among all 20 sites 

(i.e. this was done for each depth). To ensure that high scores always infer higher relative 

resilience, normalized scores were inverted for macroalgae cover. All indicators were equally 

weighted. 

Resilience scores were calculated by averaging the normalized indicator scores for each site and 

then those site averages were normalized. This expresses resilience of all sites as relative to the 

site with the highest score. The final resilience scores range from 0-1 and represent decimal 

percentages of the site with the highest score (1.00). Relative classifications for resilience scores 

are as follows: high (final scores that are greater than 1 standard deviation (sd) above average), 

medium-high (<avg+1sd and >avg), medium-low (<avg and >avg-1sd), and low (<avg-1sd). 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Resilience rankings and relative classifications, as well as scores for each resilience indicator and 

relative classifications for these, are all shown within tables and maps in the Results. 

Obj. 3. Resilience Drivers – Understanding which variables most influence differences in 

resilience potential is another valuable product of resilience assessments. This is because the 

indicators most influencing rankings are: 1) the most important to include in monitoring 

programs, and 2) may reveal the types of management actions that would benefit the greatest 

number of sites. Indicators with the greatest variability most drive differences in the resilience 

rankings. We plotted the average + 1 standard deviation and maximum and minimum values for 

the final resilience scores and for the normalized values for the resilience indicators for both 

depths. We compare the range of values among the indicators for each depth and identify which 

indicators have highest and lowest range and variability. 

We also used a canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) (Anderson and Willis 2003) to 

examine which indicators were driving differences in resilience potential across the four relative 

classifications (low, med-low, med-high, and high) at each depth. The CAP was based on a 

Euclidean distance matrix. Variables that might be responsible for group differences are 

investigated by calculating the multiple correlations of canonical ordination axes with the 

original indicator variables (Anderson 2008). 

Table 1. Field survey methods for resilience indicators. 

Variable name (unit) Methods 

Coral cover (%) Average percent of points classified as coral on three 30-m point-intercept transects 

where points were classified at 50-cm intervals. 

Coral diversity 

(unitless) 

The inverse of Simpson's index of diversity, which measures the probability that two 

species taken at random from the dataset are the same species. The resulting values 

range from 0-1, with higher values equating to higher diversity. The formula for 

Simpson's index is: D = ((sum of n(n-1))/N(N-1)), where n = total number of 

organisms of a particular species, and N = total number of organisms of all species 

observed. 

Coral recruitment 

(#/m2) 

Average density of corals with a geometric mean < 5 cm from 12 replicate .25 m2

quadrats; species that fissure and fragment frequently were excluded from this 

analysis. 

Bleaching resistance 

(%) 

Percent of the coral community made up of species considered to be resistant (rating ≤ 

3 in Table A1) 

Macroalgae cover 

(%) 

Average percent of points classified as macroalgae ( > 1 cm in height) on three 30-m 

point-intercept transects where points were classified at 50-cm intervals. 

Herbivorous fish 

biomass (g/m2) 

Six replicate stationary point counts (SPC) were conducted. Observers counted all 

fishes that occurred in a 7.5-m radius cylinder. All fishes were identified to species 

and their total length estimated (TL). Biomass values were calculated using standard 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Variable name (unit) Methods 

length-weight regressions. Coefficients were sourced from FishBase and NOAA's 

Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (Weijerman et al. 2013). Species were classified as 

herbivores based on NOAA CREP functional group classifications. 

Temperature 

variability 

Standard deviation of the warm season (3 months centered on the warmest month –

1985-2016) temperatures (from Heron et al. 2016). 

 

Results 

Obj. 1. Benthic Cover 

Coral cover was higher on average in the shallow (25%) survey areas than the deep (19%, this 

difference is not significant). Differences between the shallow and deep survey sites in coral 

cover are driven by differences in macroalgae cover as coralline algae (12% shallow and 10% 

deep) and other cover (41% both depths) are very similar between the depths. Spatial patterns in 

coral and macoralgae cover around Guam are shown in Figures 2 and 6 within the resilience 

indicator summaries section below. Average macroalgae cover was 22% in the shallow and 30% 

in the deep. The three shallow sites with the highest average coral cover were Ague Point (43%), 

Pugua Patch Reef (34%), and Hagatna Bay (33%). The three deep sites with the highest average 

coral cover were Hagatna Bay (52%), Tumon Bay (44%), and Ague Point (34%). The three 

shallow sites with the highest average macroalgae cover were Fouha Bay (51%), Ga’an Point 

(50%), and Facpi Point (32%). The three deep sites with the highest average macroalgae cover 

were Facpi Point (61%), Cocos Barrier Reef-E (51%) and Fouha Bay (47%). 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Shallow Deep 

Table 1. Percent cover of four major benthic groups for the shallow (left) and deep (right) survey 

sites. Sites are listed in alphabetical order. Data were collected using the line-intercept 

methodology, with three 30-m transects surveyed at each site. 

Obj. 2. Relative Resilience 

Shallow – Normalized resilience scores ranged from 0.62 to 1.00. Three sites were assessed as 

having high resilience, four medium-high, nine medium-low, and two low. The three sites with 

high relative resilience are Tagua Point, Ague Point, and Pugua Patch Reef; these sites are in 

northern Guam. The two sites with low relative resilience are Ga’an Point and Fouha Bay, which 

are in southwestern Guam. There is a strong pattern that the relative resilience classes for survey 

sites are higher in the northern half of Guam and lower in the southern half. For both depths and 

with very few exceptions, scores were medium-high or high for resilience indicators in northern 

Guam and medium-low or low in southern Guam. Raw and normalized resilience scores, as well 

as normalized scores for all resilience indicators are presented within Table 2. Spatial patterns in 

relative resilience are shown for both depths in Figure 1. 
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Table 2. Resilience scores and relative classes for the shallow survey sites. Sites have been 

ordered from highest to lowest resilience score for this depth; deep rankings are shown in square 

[ ] brackets next to the shallow rankings. Relative classifications are as follows: high [green] 

(final scores that are greater than 1 standard deviation (sd) above average), medium-high 

[yellow] (<avg+1sd and >avg), medium-low [orange] (<avg and >avg-1sd), and low [red] (<avg1sd). Indicator codes are as follows: CC – coral cover, CR – coral recruitment, CD – coral 

diversity, BR – bleaching resistance, MA – macroalgae cover, HB – herbivore biomass, TV –

temperature variability. 

Deep – Normalized resilience scores ranged from 0.64 to 1.00. Five sites were assessed as 

having high resilience, five medium-high, seven medium-low, and three low. The five sites with 

high relative resilience are Pugua Patch Reef, Ague Point, Luminao Reef, Tagua Point, and 

Tumon Bay; all of these sites are in northern Guam. The three sites with low relative resilience 

are Fouha Bay, Facpi Point and Cocos Barrier Reef-E, all of which are in southern Guam. As 

was the case for the shallow reef sites, there is a strong pattern that the relative resilience classes 

for deep survey sites are higher in the northern half of Guam and lower in the southern half. Raw 

and normalized resilience scores, as well as normalized scores for all resilience indicators are 

presented within Table 3. Spatial patterns in relative resilience are shown for both depths in 

Figure 1. 
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Table 3. Resilience scores and relative classes for the deep survey sites. Sites have been ordered 

from highest to lowest resilience score for this depth; shallow rankings are shown in square [ ] 

brackets next to the deep rankings. Relative classifications are as follows: high [green] (final 

scores that are greater than 1 standard deviation (sd) above average), medium-high [yellow] 

(<avg+1sd and >avg), medium-low [orange] (<avg and >avg-1sd), and low [red] (<avg-1sd). 

Indicator codes are as follows: CC – coral cover, CR – coral recruitment, CD – coral diversity, 

BR – bleaching resistance, MA – macroalgae cover, HB – herbivore biomass, TV – temperature 

variability. 

Spatial patterns for the resilience indicators are presented within Figures 2-8. With very few 

exceptions, values for the resilience indicators were higher in northern Guam than southern and 

especially southwestern Guam. 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Figure 1. Relative resilience of coral reefs in Guam. Sites are ordered from highest to lowest ranking for the shallow in the top left 

and deep in the bottom right. Raw and normalized resilience scores are shown for each site within Tables 1 and 2. Relative resilience 

is an aggregate score for 7 resilience indicators: coral cover, coral recruitment, coral diversity, bleaching resistance, macroalgae cover, 

herbivore biomass, and temperature variability. Spatial patterns are shown for each resilience indicator within Figures 2-8, in the 

upcoming pages. 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

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Figure 2. Relative classifications for coral cover. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with Tables 1 and 

2. On the shallow side, resilience rankings for deep are in [ ] brackets, and on the deep side, resilience rankings for shallow are in [ ] 

brackets. This also applies to Figures 3-8. 
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Figure 3. Relative classifications for coral recruitment. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with Tables 1 

and 2. 
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Figure 4. Relative classifications for coral diversity. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with Tables 1 

and 2. 
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Figure 5. Relative classifications for bleaching resistance. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with 

Tables 1 and 2. 
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Figure 6. Relative classifications for macroalgae cover. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with Tables 

1 and 2. 
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Figure 7. Relative classifications for herbivore biomass. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with Tables 

1 and 2. 
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Figure 8. Relative classifications for temperature variability. Normalized values for this and the other indicators are presented with 

Tables 1 and 2. 
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Obj. 3. Resilience Drivers

It was possible that high resilience sites could have this classification as a result of having high 

scores for different indicators and low resilience sites could have low scores for different 

indicators. We examined whether high scores for some indicators are consistently associated 

with high resilience (and low scores for some indicators with low resilience) using a CAP 

analysis. 

Across the shallow reef sites of Guam, higher resilience potential correlated most strongly with 

high coral cover and high coral recruitment (along CAP axis 1), and high herbivore biomass at a 

single high resilience site (Tagua Point) along CAP axis 2 (Fig. 9). In contrast, low resilience 

potential sites were negatively correlated with these same three indicators, but were positively 

associated with increased bleaching resistance (along CAP axis 1) (Fig. 9).

Figure 9. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates showing the relative contribution of the 

seven resilience indicators (overlaid as vectors) to the overall resilience (High – green, MediumHigh – yellow, Medium-Low – orange, Low – red) of shallow reef sites at Guam. CC, coral 

cover; CR, coral recruitment; CD, coral diversity; BR, bleaching resistance; MA, macroalgae 

cover; HB, herbivore biomass; TV, temperature variability. Squared canonical correlation value 

(δ

2

) of the first and second ordination axes equal 0.778 and 0.122, respectively.

Across the deep reef sites of Guam, higher resilience potential correlated most strongly with high 

coral recruitment and low macroalgae cover along CAP axis 1 and with higher herbivore 

biomass and coral cover along CAP axis 2 (Fig. 2). Coral diversity was also positively associated 

with higher resilience potential along CAP axis 2 and is driving the higher relative resilience at 

Tagua Point (Fig. 10).
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Figure 10. Canonical analysis of principal coordinates showing the relative contribution of the 

seven resilience indicators (overlaid as vectors) to the overall resilience (High – green, MediumHigh – yellow, Medium-Low – orange, Low – red) of deep reef sites at Guam. CC, coral cover; 

CR, coral recruitment; CD, coral diversity; BR, bleaching resistance; MA, macroalgae cover; 

HB, herbivore biomass – sum of the grazers, reef builders and browsers; TV, temperature 

variability. Squared canonical correlation value (δ

2

) of the first and second ordination axes equal 

0.895 and 0.054, respectively.

Next Steps 

The following list includes timely research projects and communication and reporting activities 

that can build on the research and work presented within this report. 

 Reef resilience work can be integrated with ongoing bleaching response planning. Data from 

the resilience study can help guide managers to the places that are most likely to bleach in the 

future based upon exposure. At time of report publication, such work was underway. 

Members of this project team led bleaching response surveys in Guam in October of 2017 to 

document impacts from recurrent bleaching (reefs in Guam also bleached in 2014 and 2016). 

 Continued resilience monitoring can help managers identify the reefs that recover the fastest. 

These reefs would be likely candidates for stronger management actions (e.g., protected area, 

gear restrictions) that support continued resilience. 

 Results from the resilience assessment can help managers target and tailor management 

actions. A varied management approach across sites can also help manage the various social 

needs of the island community. 
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 Combining the results of the Guam study with the CNMI study can help provide the 

groundwork for a regional planning and response strategy. While the two jurisdictions face 

different social, economic, and political futures, they both have to deal with climate change. 

Pooling resources and taking an archipelago-wide approach to management and planning can 

only give coral reefs in the Marianas a better chance of coping with climate change. 

 The results of subsequent assessments of condition and resiliency at the survey sites can be 

used to assess the predictive power of this first assessment. Such studies could lead to 

revisions of the assessment methods used and the guidance we have provided to others 

(Maynard et al. 2017) that want to replicate or adapt our approach. 

 The data and results will be built into a Pacific-wide assessment of coral reef fisheries 

vulnerability to climate change being led by members of this project team from 2017-2019. 

 The resilience assessment data and data collected during ongoing (at time of writing) 

bleaching characterization/post-bleaching recovery assessments can inform studies on 

population genetics and connectivity. Results of such studies could add important context to 

the existing resilience and bleaching data, informing both future assessment methods and 

management activities. 

Outreach 

Near this project’s conclusion, our team led a workshop in Guam to share the resilience 

assessment results and describe state-of-art information on projected climate change impacts to 

the reefs of Guam. About 40 people attended including coral reef and fisheries managers, 

scientists, educators, policy specialists and managers with the Guam EPA, fishers, staff from 

conservation organizations and public service non-profits, and students. Two quotes from 

attendees appear below, with a photo of the workshop group. 

“This team has developed so much good information on climate impacts and resilience that I can 

use to inform how I focus my team’s efforts.” –Jim Richardson (Director of the National Parks 

Service for Guam and CNMI). 

“We now have a far better 

understanding of how to talk about 

climate change and explain 

expected climate change impacts on 

coastal ecosystems in Guam.” - Joe 

Quinata (Humatak Foundation) 

Workshop attendees, Guam 2017. 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

26 

References 

Anthony K, Marshall PA, Abdulla A, et al. (2015). Operationalizing resilience for adaptive coral 

reef management under global environmental change. Global Change Biology, 21(1), 48-61. 

Bestelmeyer BT, Briske DD (2012) Grand challenges for resilience-based management of 

rangelands. Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(6), 654-663. 

Birkeland, C. (Ed.). (1997). Life and death of coral reefs. Springer.

Chapin FS, Kofinas GP, Folke C (2009) Principles of ecosystem stewardship. Resilience-based 

natural resource management in a changing world. New York, NY, USA: Springer. 

Graham NA, Bellwood DR, Cinner JE, et al. (2013) Managing resilience to reverse phase shifts 

in coral reefs. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 11(10), 541-548. 

Maynard, J. A., Mckagan, S., Raymundo, et al. (2015). Assessing relative resilience potential of 

coral reefs to inform management. Biological Conservation, 192, 109-119. 

Maynard, J.A., Marshall, P.A., Parker, B., Mcleod, E., Ahmadia, G., van Hooidonk, R., Planes, 

S., Williams, G.J., Raymundo, L., Beeden, R., Tamelander, J. (2017). A Guide to Assessing 

Coral Reef Resilience for Decision Support. Nairobi, Kenya: UN Environment. ISBN No: 978-

92-807-3650-2

McClanahan TR, Donner SD, Maynard JA, et al. (2012) Prioritizing key resilience indicators to 

support coral reef management in a changing climate. PLoS One, 7(8), e42884. 

Mumby PJ, Hastings A, Edwards JG (2007) Thresholds and the resilience of Caribbean coral 

reefs. Nature, 450(7166), 98-101. 

Reynolds T, Burdick D, Houk P, Raymundo L, Johnson S (2014) Unprecedented coral bleaching 

across the Marianas archipelago. Coral Reefs 33: 499 

Weeks R, Jupiter SD (2013) Adaptive comanagement of a marine protected area network in 

Fiji. Conservation Biology, 27(6), 1234-1244. 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

27 

Appendix 1 – Bleaching susceptibility ratings for coral species 

Table A1. Most common morphology, bleaching susceptibility rating, and known habitats for all 

coral species observed during the 2016 surveys. Bleaching susceptibility ratings range from 1-5 

(from least to most susceptible). Susceptibility ratings are based on the team’s personal 

observations during past bleaching events in Guam and CNMI as well as from a literature 

review. Habitat classifications are as follows, and refer to the types of habitat(s) the species is 

known to occur in CNMI: Lf = loose framework reef, P = patch reef, Rf = reef flat, SG = spur 

and groove reef. Lists of coral species observed at each of the 20 survey sites are within the Site 

Summary Guide – See Appendix 2).

CORAL SPECIES GROWTH MORPHOLOGY

BLEACHING 

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HABITAT

Acanthastrea brevis Encrusting 2 P, Sg 

Acanthastrea echinata Encrusting 2 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Acanthastrea hillae Encrusting 2 P, Sg 

Acanthastrea c.f. regularis Encrusting 2 Lf

Acropora abrotanoides Arborescent 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora aspera Staghorn 5 P, Rf 

Acropora azurea Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Sg 

Acropora cerealis Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Sg 

Acropora cophydactyla Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf

Acropora cuneata Arborescent 2 P 

Acropora digitifera Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora gemmifera Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, Sg 

Acropora granulosa Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, Sg 

Acropora humilis Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, Sg 

Acropora juv. Branching 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora latistella Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora monticulosa Arborescent 3 Lf, Rf, Sg 

Acropora muricata Staghorn 5 P 

Acropora nana Digitate/corymbose 5 Sg

Acropora nasuta Digitate/corymbose 5 Lf, Sg 

Acropora pulchra Staghorn 5 Rf

Acropora robusta Arborescent 4 Lf, Sg 

Acropora secale Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora surculosa Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Acropora c.f. striata Digitate/corymbose 4 Sg

Acropora tenuis Digitate/corymbose 5 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Acropora teres Staghorn 5 P, Rf

Acropora vaughani Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Rf, Sg 

Acropora verweyi Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, P, Sg 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

28 

CORAL SPECIES GROWTH MORPHOLOGY

BLEACHING 

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HABITAT

Alveopora fenestrata Massive 3 Lf

Astreopora gracilis Massive 4 Lf

Astreopora listeri Massive 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Astreopora myriophthalma Massive 4 Lf, P, Sg

Astreopora randalli Massive 4 Lf, Sg 

Cyphastrea agassizi Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Cyphastrea chalcidicum Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Cyphastrea c.f. japonica Massive 3 Sg

Cyphastrea ocellina Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Cyphastrea seraila Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Diploastrea heliopora Massive 1 Lf

Echinophyllia aspera Encrusting 2 P 

Echinopora lamellosa Plate 2 Lf, P, Sg 

Favia danae Massive 3 Lf, R 

Favia favus Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Favia helianthoides Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Favia mathaii Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Favia pallida Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Favia rotumana Massive 3 P 

Favia speciosa Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Favia stelligera Massive 4 Lf, Sg 

Favites abdita Massive 2 Lf, P, Sg 

Favites flexuosa Massive 2 Lf, P 

Favites russelli Massive 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Fungia sp. Free-living 2 Lf

Fungia fungites Free-living 2 Lf

Fungia paumotensis Free-living 2 Lf

Fungia repanda Free-living 2 Lf

Fungia scutaria Free-living 2 Lf, P, Sg 

Galaxea fascicularis Encrusting 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Gardineroseris planulata Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Goniastrea aspera Massive 4 P 

Goniastrea edwardsi Massive 4 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Goniastrea pectinata Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Goniastrea retiformis Massive 4 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Goniopora djiboutiensis Massive 1 Lf

Goniopora fruticosa Encrusting 1 Lf, Sg 

Goniopora minor Massive 1 P 

Heliopora coerula Branching 1 Lf, P, Rf 

Hydnophora microconos Massive 4 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Isopora palifera Arborescent 2 Lf, P, Sg 

Leptastrea bottae Encrusting 2 Lf, P, Sg 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

29 

CORAL SPECIES GROWTH MORPHOLOGY

BLEACHING 

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HABITAT

Leptastrea purpurea Encrusting 2 Lf, P, Sg 

Leptastrea transversa Encrusting 2 Lf, Sg

Leptoria phrygia Massive 3 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Lobophyllia corymbosa Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Lobophyllia hemprichii Massive 3 Sg

Millepora dichotoma Branching 1 Sg

Millepora platyphylla Massive 1 Lf

Millepora tuberosa Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Montastrea curta Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Montastrea valenciennesi Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Montipora sp. Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Montipora 

aequituberculata 

Encrusting 4 Lf, Sg 

Montipora caliculata Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Montipora danae Encrusting 4 P, Sg 

Montipora efflorescens Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Montipora floweri Encrusting 4 Lf, Sg 

Montipora foveolata Encrusting 4 Lf, Sg 

Montipora grisea Encrusting 4 Lf, Sg 

Montipora hoffmeisteri Encrusting 4 Sg

Montipora lobulata Encrusting 4 P 

Montipora monasteriata Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Montipora nodosa Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Montipora tuberculosa Encrusting 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Montipora verrilli Encrusting 4 P, Sg 

Montipora verrucosa Encrusting 4 Lf, Sg 

Oulophyllia crispa Massive 3 Lf, Sg 

Pavona cactus Foliose 3 P 

Pavona divaricata Foliose 3 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Pavona duerdini Massive 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Pavona explanulata Cryptic 3 Lf

Pavona frondifera Cryptic 3 Lf

Pavona maldiviensis Cryptic 3 Lf, Sg 

Pavona minuta Encrusting 3 Lf

Pavona varians Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Pavona venosa Encrusting 2 Lf, Sg 

Platygyra daedalea Massive 3 P, Sg 

Platygyra pini Massive 3 Lf, P, Sg 

Plesiastrea versipora Massive 1 Lf, Sg 

Pocillopora sp. Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Pocillopora ankeli Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Sg 

Pocillopora damicornis Digitate/corymbose 2 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

30 

CORAL SPECIES GROWTH MORPHOLOGY

BLEACHING 

SUSCEPTIBILITY

HABITAT

Pocillopora danae Digitate/corymbose 3 Lf, Sg 

Pocillopora elegans Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, P, Sg 

Pocillopora eydouxi Digitate/corymbose 4 Sg

Pocillopora meandrina Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Sg 

Pocillopora verrucosa Digitate/corymbose 4 Lf, Sg 

Pocillopora woodjonesi Digitate/corymbose 4 Sg

Porites sp. Massive 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Porites annae Massive 2 Lf

Porites australiensis Massive 1 Lf, Sg 

Porites cylindrica Branching 2 Lf, Rf, Sg 

Porites deformis Columnar 2 Lf

Porites densa Massive 1 Lf

Porites lichen Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Porites lobata Massive 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Porites lutea Massive 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Porites "massive" 

(lobata/lutea/australiensis) 

Massive 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Porites rus Columnar 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Porites vaughani Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Psammocora sp. Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Psammocora digitata Columnar 2 Lf, Rf 

Psammocora haimeana Cryptic 1 Lf, Sg 

Psammocora nierstrazi Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Sg 

Psammocora stellata Cryptic 1 Rf

Scolymia australis Encrusting 1 P 

Stylocoeniella armata Encrusting 1 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Stylocoeniella guentheri Encrusting 1 Lf

Stylophora mordax Branching 5 Lf, P, Rf, Sg 

Turbinaria reniformis Plate 3 Lf, Sg 

Turbinaria stellulata Encrusting 2 Lf, Sg 
Coral reef resilience to climate change in Guam in 2016 

Coral Reef Conservation Program January 2018 

31 

Appendix 2 - Site Summary Guide 

The first one-page summary is shown in the graphic below. Each part of the summary is 

enclosed within a box that has a letter label. Descriptions are provided below for each of these 

parts of the summary, next to the relevant letter label. The 20 one-page summaries are in the 

upcoming pages. 

A – Site name and resilience rankings for the shallow and deep reef areas. 

B – Site name origin and map showing the location of the survey site in Guam. 

C – Representative site photos for each 

depth with site coordinates. 

D – Resilience and resilience indicator 

scores with colors signifying relative 

classes. 

E – Benthic community pie charts 

showing percent cover of the four major 

benthic groups for the shallow and deep 

reef areas. ‘Other’ refers mostly to 

turfing algae and, to a lesser degree, 

unconsolidated substrate. 

F – Lists of coral species observed. 

G – Lists of fish species observed 

H – Relative class for the resilience 

scores for the shallow (left and top) and 

deep (right and bottom) reef areas. 
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.1

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

The Point 

is a significant 

archeological site; some 

of the earliest settlements 

of people in the Marianas 

Islands were here.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 1/18 1.00 0.65 0.40 0.92 0.67 0.91 1.00 0.85

Deep 4/20 0.93 0.30 0.42 0.95 0.76 0.78 1.00 0.85

TAGUA POINT

1 – Shallow, 4 – Deep

HIGH

HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.601° N, 144.928° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora azurea

Acropora cerealis

Acropora digitifera

Acropora tenuis

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea matthaii

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Acanthurus blochii

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus triostegus

Acanthurus xanthopterus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Caranx melampygus

Cephalopholis argus

Chlorurus frontalis

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Acanthurus xanthopterus

Aphareus furca

Caranx melampygus

Chlorurus frontalis

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gymnothorax undulates

Goniastrea stelligera

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Millepora platyphyllia

Montipora caliculata

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora monasteriata

Montipora tuberculosa

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora meandrina

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Hipposcarus longiceps

Lutjanus gibbus

Naso lituratus

Naso tonganus

Naso unicornis

Scarus forsteni

Scarus psittacus

Scarus rubroviolaceus

Siganus argenteus

Zebrasoma veliferum

Hipposcarus longiceps

Lethrinus olivaceus

Lethrinus xanthochilus

Lutjanus bohar

Naso lituratus

Naso tonganus

Naso unicornis

Scarus forsteni

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Scarus rubroviolaceus

Scarus schlegeli

Variola louti

DEEP

Astrea curta

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dispastraea maritima

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Hydnophora

microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

 Montipora floweri

Montipora foveolata

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona varians

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites deformis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Stylophora pistillata
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.2

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 2/18 0.99 1.00 0.67 0.96 0.80 0.94 0.07 0.89

Deep 2/20 0.95 0.66 0.62 0.96 0.84 1.00 0.20 0.89

AGUE POINT

2 – Shallow, 2 – Deep

HIGH

HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.572° N, 144.823° E

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora abrotenoides

Acropora digitifera

Acropora globiceps

Acropora surculosa

Acropora verweyi

Astrea curta

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

C. microphthalma

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Millepora dichotoma

Millepora platyphyllia

Montipora c.f. studeri

Montipora caliculata

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora monasteriata

Montipora nodosa

Montipora tuberculosa

Pavona c.f. meandrina

Pavona chriquiensis

Pavona varians

Pocillopora meandrina

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lutea

Acanthastrea brevis

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora caliculata

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora verrucosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona duerdeni

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lobate

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gymnosarda unicolor

Naso lituratus

Naso vlamingii

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Naso unicornis

Scarus psittacus

Ague Cove, 

located near the 

Point, is a popular hiking 

and swimming destination 

as the cove creates a natural 

swimming pool.
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.3

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Also known 

as Double Reef, 

this is a pair of two patch 

reefs, which house some of 

the highest biodiversity seen 

during these surveys.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 3/18 0.96 0.79 0.66 1.00 0.78 0.93 0.08 0.93

Deep 1/20 1.00 0.43 1.00 0.95 0.89 0.94 0.32 0.93

PUGUA PATCH REEF

3 – Shallow, 1 – Deep

HIGH

HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.606° N, 144.835° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora digitifera

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

C. microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida,

Dipsastraea speciosa

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptoria phrygia

Leptoseris 

mycetoseroides

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Cephalopholis argus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus forsteni

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens

 Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora venosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona chriquiensis

Pavona clavus

Pavona duerdeni

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites deformis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Porites vaughani

Psammocora contigua

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata

Acropora globiceps

Astreopora gracilis

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora randalli

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea stelligera

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinata

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptastrea transversa

 Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora venosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona c.f. meandrina

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.4

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Surrounding 

Apra Harbor, 

the Orote Peninsula 

has steep drop-offs that 

plunge from shallow reefs 

to 50 m depths.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 4/18 0.94 0.66 0.75 0.93 0.75 1.00 0.15 0.83

Deep 7/20 0.86 0.27 0.64 0.88 0.85 0.89 0.36 0.83

OROTE POINT

4 – Shallow, 7 – Deep

MED-HIGH

MED-HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.446° N, 144.618° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acropora palmerae

Acropora surculosa

Astrea curta

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea stelligera

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Montipora efflorescens

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus triostegus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus triostegus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Caranx melampygus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso brevirostris

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Naso vlamingii

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora ankeli

Pocillopora elegans

Pocillopora eydouxi

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Psammocora haimeana

Naso lituratus

Naso vlamingii

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens

Zebrasoma veliferum

Scarus forsteni

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens

Acanthastrea brevis

Acropora gemmifera

Acropora globiceps

Astreopora listeri

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea 

helianthoides

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora grisea

Montipora nodosa

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona meandrina

Pavona varians

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lutea

Psammoccora haimeana

Scapophyllia cylindrica
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.5

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

The capital of 

Guam, Hagåtña 

is derived from the 

Chamorro word haga, 

which means blood and 

is thought to represent the 

bloodlines of the families that 

established the village.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 5/18 0.93 0.78 0.43 0.92 0.89 0.96 0.18 0.89

Deep 6/20 0.88 1.00 0.47 0.39 1.00 0.94 0.10 0.89

HAGÅTÑA BAY

5 – Shallow, 6 – Deep

MED-HIGH

MED-HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.484° N, 144.760° E

Acanthastrea echinata

Astrea curta

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Carangoides ferdau

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus psittacus

Scomberoides lysan

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Lutjanus fulvus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus psittacus

Zebrasoma flavescens

Millepora platyphyllia

 Montipora 

aequituberculata

Montipora caliculata

Montipora danae

Montipora efflorescens

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora venosa

Pavona clavus

Pavona varians

Pocillopora damicornis

Porites deformis

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Stylocoeniella armata

DEEP

Galaxea fascicularis

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites monticulosa

Porites rus

Porites vaughani

Psammocora 

profundacella
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.6

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 6/18 0.91 0.62 1.00 0.72 0.66 0.99 0.08 0.86

Deep 3/20 0.93 0.41 0.41 0.98 0.91 1.00 0.54 0.86

LUMINAO REEF

6 – Shallow, 3 – Deep

MED-HIGH

HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.466° N, 144.638° E

Enclosing 

Apra Harbor, 

Luminao Reef has 

the Glass Breakwater 

built atop it. Luminao is 

Chamorro for earthquake, 

named for the sound the 

waves make while breaking.

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora surculosa

Astrea curta

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Favia stelligera

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Montipora foveolata

Montipora grisea

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora verrucosa

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Zebrasoma veliferum

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Cetoscarus bicolor

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Lutjanus fulvus

Naso lituratus

Naso vlamingii

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora elegans

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens

DEEP

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Coscinaraea columna

Cycloseris vaughani

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Herpolitha weberi

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Lobophyllia hemprichii

 Montipora tuberculosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona clavus

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Porites vaughani

Psammocora haimeana

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.7

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Also known 

as Piti Bay, this 

is one of Guam’s marine 

protected areas and the 

location of The Fish Eye 

Observatory.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 7/18 0.88 0.64 0.28 0.96 0.92 0.91 0.17 0.87

Deep 10/20 0.81 0.33 0.37 0.98 0.91 0.71 0.27 0.87

TEPUNGAN BAY

7 – Shallow, 10 – Deep

MED-HIGH

MED-HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.470° N, 144.691° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora abrotenoides

Acropora surculosa

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Caranx melampygus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Kyphosus cinerascens

Lutjanus fulvus

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Lobophyllia corymbosa

Pavona chriquiensis

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora coniculus

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata

Macolor macularis

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus altipinnis

Scarus forsteni

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma veliferum

Acropora globiceps

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinata

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptastrea purpurea

Lobactis scutaria

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona chriquiensis

Pavona varians

Pocillopora coniculus

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Hipposcarus longiceps

Lutjanus bohar

Macolor macularis

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Plectropomus laevis

Scarus altipinnis

Scarus fuscocaudalis

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens

Zebrasoma scopas
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.8

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Located on 

the Anderson Air 

Force Base, this is one of 

Guam’s well known turtle 

nesting beaches

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 8/18 0.84 0.75 0.48 0.97 0.43 0.81 0.08 1.00

Deep 9/20 0.82 0.34 0.40 0.95 0.75 0.89 0.18 1.00

JINAPSAN BEACH

8 – Shallow, 9 – Deep

MED-LOW

MED-HIGH

13.641° N, 144.886° E

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora cerealis

Acropora globiceps

Acropora vaughani

Astrea curta

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Echinophyllia echinata

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Isopora cuneate

Acanthurus blochii

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Lutjanus bohar

Naso lituratus

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Siganus argenteus

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora efflorescens

Montipora floweri

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora monasteriata

Montipora nodosa

Montipora tuberculosa

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora meandrina

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lutea

Porites vaughani

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus forsteni

Acropora globiceps

Acropora surculosa

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea heliathoides

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Dipsastraea speciosa

Favites colemani

Goniastrea edwardsi

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora nodosa

Montipora venosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lutea

Stylophora pistillata

SHALLOW DEEP
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.9

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

The original 

meaning of 

the word Tumon has 

been lost; the Tumon 

area is Guam’s primary 

tourism district.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 9/18 0.84 0.55 0.44 0.92 0.69 0.85 0.12 0.95

Deep 5/20 0.93 0.86 0.51 0.68 0.97 0.91 0.18 0.95

TUMON BAY

9 – Shallow, 5 – Deep

MED-LOW

HIGH

SHALLOW DEEP

13.513° N, 144.797° E

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora digitifera

Acropora surculosa

Dipsastraea matthaii

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Goniopora fruticose

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptastrea transversa

Leptoria phrygia

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora setchelli

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus globiceps

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Cephalopholis argus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Elagatis bipinnulata

Lutjanus fulvus

Macolor niger

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Scarus forsteni

Zebrasoma flavescens

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Porites rus

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata

Scarus psittacus

Scomberoides lysan

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea speciosa

Favites colemani

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniopora minor

Leptastrea purpurea

Merulina ampliata

Millepora dichotoma

Millepora platyphyllia

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona varians

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora nierstrazi

Psammocora 

profundacella

Stylocoeniella armata
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.10

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

This is the 

site of the Orote 

Village, which persisted 

well into the 17th century 

and is now located on the 

Naval Base of Guam.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 10/18 0.82 0.53 0.42 0.77 1.00 0.86 0.08 0.77

Deep 12/20 0.76 0.20 0.61 0.94 0.68 0.81 0.16 0.77

DADI BEACH

10 – Shallow, 12 – Deep

MED-LOW

MED-LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.413° N, 144.651° E

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea maritima

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinate

Goniastrea retiformis

Heliopora coerula

Leptastrea purpurea

Pavona chriquiensis

Pavona clavus

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites deformis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lichen

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus psittacus

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Naso vlamingii

Scarus forsteni

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Porites vaughani

Stylocoeniella armata

Stylophora pistillata

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Astreopora randalli

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora nodosa

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona varians

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora danae

Pocillopora eydouxi

Pocillopora setchelli

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites deformis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata

Stylocoeniella guentheri
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.11

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

The channel 

provides access to 

Guam’s southern reefs 

via a small boat ramp.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 11/18 0.81 0.45 0.41 0.98 0.91 0.80 0.07 0.77

Deep 16/20 0.74 0.28 0.30 1.00 0.70 0.66 0.31 0.77

MANELL CHANNEL

11 – Shallow, 16 – Deep

MED-LOW

MED-LOW

13.242° N, 144.694° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora globiceps

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Cyphastrea serailia

Diploastrea heliopora

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Dipsastraea rotundata

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Calotomus carolinus

Caranx melampygus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Aphareus furca

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Macolor macularis

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Plectropomus laevis

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Siganus argenteus

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniopora fruticose

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Montipora efflorescen

Pavona varians

Pocillopora damicornis

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Stylocoeniella armata

Stylophora pistillata

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Siganus spinus

Siganus spinus

Zebrasoma scopas

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Astreopora randalli

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinate

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniopora fruticose

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora verrucosa

Paragoniastrea russelli,

Pavona varians

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora meandrina

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites vaughani

Psammocora haimeana

Scapophyllia cylindrical

Stylocoeniella armata

SHALLOW DEEP
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.12

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Janom is 

the Chamorro 

word for water; this 

area has significant 

freshwater springs.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 12/18 0.80 0.45 0.53 0.91 0.63 0.81 0.05 0.91

Deep 13/20 0.76 0.26 0.63 0.97 0.68 0.66 0.06 0.91

JANOM POINT

12 – Shallow, 13 – Deep

MED-LOW

MED-LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.527° N, 144.930° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora azurea

Acropora cerealis

Acropora monticulosa

Acropora surculosa

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astrea curta

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Acanthurus blochii

Acanthurus guttatus

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus triostegus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona varians

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites lutea

Psammocora nierstrazi

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora cf. quelchi

Acropora gemmifera

Acropora globiceps

Acropora tenuis

Acropora verweyi

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Dipsastraea danai

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora grisea

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora nodosa

Montipora tuberculosa

Pavona varians

Pocillopora meandrina

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites vaughani

Stylocoeniella armata

Stylophora pistillata

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus triostegus

Acanthurus xanthopterus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Paracanthurus hepatus
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.13

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Located 

just off the 

Mangilao 

Golf Course, this 

reef bench provides 

an optimal place for reef 

growth despite the harsh 

environmental conditions 

on the windward coast.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 13/18 0.78 0.74 0.12 0.95 0.48 0.97 0.08 0.88

Deep 11/20 0.79 0.46 0.21 0.99 0.79 0.74 0.24 0.88

MANGILAO GOLF 

COURSE

13 – Shallow, 11 – Deep

MED-LOW

MED-LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.456° N, 144.838° E

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora azurea

Acropora cf. paniculata

Acropora gemmifera

Acropora robusta

Acropora surculosa

Astrea curta

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptoria phrygia

Acanthurus blochii

Acanthurus guttatus

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus triostegus

Aprion virescens

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus frontalis

Chlorurus sordidus

Millepora platyphyllia

Montipora tuberculosa

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona varians

Pocillopora meandrina

Ctenochaetus striatus

Lethrinus harak

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Siganus spinus

Acropora surculosa

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea stelligera

Goniopora fruticose

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora foveolata

Paragoniastrea russelli

Platygyra daedalea

Pocillopora danae

Porites australiensis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites deformis

Psammocora haimeana

Psammocora nierstrazi

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Acanthurus triostegus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gymnocranius sp.

Kyphosus cinerascens

Lutjanus fulvus

Lutjanus monostigma

Macolor macularis

Naso lituratus

Plectorhinchus vittatus

Scarus forsteni

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Siganus argenteus
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.14

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 14/18 0.78 0.30 0.41 0.95 0.83 0.83 0.07 0.84

Deep 14/20 0.74 0.15 0.54 0.92 0.79 0.69 0.14 0.84

MED-LOW

MED-LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.267° N, 144.656° E

COCOS BARRIER 

REEF WEST

14 – Shallow, 14 – Deep

Named after 

the island it 

surrounds, 

Cocos receives its 

name from the coconut 

trees that cover the tiny 

island. The original 

Chamorro name for the 

island is Islan Dåno.

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora globiceps

Acropora verweyi

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Hydnophora microconos

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Acanthurus lineatus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus globiceps

Scarus schlegeli

Millepora platyphyllia

Pavona meandrina

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites horizontalata

Porites lichen

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Stylocoeniella armata

Siganus argenteus

Siganus spinus

Acanthastrea echinata

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinate

Goniastrea retiformis

Leptastrea purpurea

Paragoniastrea russelli

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Psammocora haimeana

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Carcharhinus 

melanopterus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gnathodentex 

aureolineatus

Lutjanus bohar

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Naso vlamingii

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Zebrasoma flavescens
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.15

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 15/18 0.78 0.60 0.19 0.99 0.67 0.89 0.07 0.78

Deep 20/20 0.64 0.26 0.32 0.92 0.53 0.56 0.12 0.78

COCOS BARRIER 

REEF EAST

15 – Shallow, 20 – Deep

MED-LOW

LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.232° N, 144.648° E

Acropora azurea

Acropora cerealis

Acropora cophodactyla

Acropora digitifera

Acropora surculosa

Acropora verweyi

Astrea curta

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites colemani

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Lutjanus bohar

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Siganus spinus

Goniopora fruticose

Heliopora coerula

Leptoria phrygia

Leptoseris 

mycetoseroides

Millepora platyphyllia

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Pocillopora ankeli

Pocillopora eydouxi

Porites australiensis

Porites deformis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites vaughani

Psammocora nierstrazi

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora randalli

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Heliopora coerula

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoseris incrustans

Montipora nodosa

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona varians

Platygyra daedalea

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites australiensis

Porites lutea

Psammocora haimeana

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Ctenochaetus strigosus

Naso lituratus

Scarus fuscocaudalis

Scarus psittacus

Scarus schlegeli

Siganus argenteus

Zebrasoma flavescens

Named after 

the island it 

surrounds, 

Cocos receives its 

name from the coconut 

trees that cover the tiny 

island. The original 

Chamorro name for the 

island is Islan Dåno.
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.16

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

A prominent 

feature of 

southwestern 

Guam, the Point 

contains a massive stack of 

black coralline limestone, 

resulting from a volcanic 

eruption. Facpi is the Chamorro 

word for the Pacific frigate bird 

(Fregata minor minor).

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 16/18 0.77 0.44 0.30 0.94 0.88 0.73 0.04 0.82

Deep 19/20 0.66 0.20 0.19 0.97 0.88 0.44 0.13 0.82

FACPI POINT

16 – Shallow, 19 – Deep

MED-LOW

LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.344° N, 144.639° E

Acanthastrea brevis

Acropora cerealis

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea matthaii

Favites colemani

Galaxea fascicularis

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptastrea transversa

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus pyroferus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Scarus psittacus

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Stylocoeniella armata

Acropora globiceps

Acropora selago

Astreopora cf. gracilis

Astreopora listeria

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites valenciennesi

Goniopora minor

Leptastrea purpurea

Pavona varians

Porites australiensis

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Psammocora haimeana

Psammocora nierstrazi

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus binotatus

Lutjanus bohar

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Scarus schlegeli

Variola louti

Zebrasoma veliferum
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.17

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Ga’an Point was 

the site of a battle 

during World War II.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 17/18 0.72 0.36 0.23 0.95 0.96 0.54 0.08 0.77

Deep 16/20 0.72 0.24 0.31 0.89 0.94 0.71 0.09 0.77

GA’AN POINT

17 – Shallow, 17 – Deep

LOW

MED-LOW

DEEP

13.388° N, 144.653° E

Dipsastraea danae

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea matthaii

Echinopora pacificus

Fungia fungites

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea retiformis

Heliopora coerulea

Leptastrea purpurea

Leptoria phrygia

Pavona chiriquiensis

Pavona maldivensis

Pavona sp. 

“albomarginata”

Pavona varians

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus globiceps

Scarus psittacus

Pocillopora damicornis

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites lichen

Porites murrayensis

Porites rus

Porites vaughani

Psammocora contigua

Stylocoeniella armata

Siganus spinus

Zebrasoma veliferum

Acanthastrea echinata

Acropora humilis

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora randalli

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea pallida

Echinopora lamellosa

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Herpolitha limax

Leptastrea purpurea

Pavona varians

Pocillopora verrucosa

Porites deformis

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus schlegeli

SHALLOW
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.18

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

Fouha Bay 

is where 

the ancient 

Chamorro creation 

myth originates. The 

story says that the first 

humans emerged from 

Fouha Rock, which was 

formed by the creation gods 

Puntan and Fu’una.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow 18/18 0.62 0.14 0.13 0.74 0.94 0.54 0.04 0.82

Deep 18/20 0.67 0.25 0.15 0.96 0.87 0.60 0.04 0.82

FOUHA BAY

18 – Shallow, 18 – Deep

LOW

LOW

SHALLOW DEEP

13.308° N, 144.654° E

Acropora humilis

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Dipsastraea matthaii

Goniopora fruticosa

Leptastrea purpurea

Pavona bipartita

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Psammocora haimeana

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso annulatus

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Naso vlamingii

Scarus schlegeli

Acanthastrea brevis

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora randalli

Cyphastrea 

microphthalma

Cyphastrea serailia

Diploastrea heliopora

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea speciose

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea pectinata

Goniopora fruticose

Goniopora minor

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora foveolata

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona varians

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Stylocoeniella armata

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Epinephelus fasciatus

Epinephelus merra

Lutjanus fulvus

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Scarus forsteni
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.19

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

SHALLOW

PHOTO

NOT AVAILABLE

Guam’s 

eastern most 

point, Pati Point is often 

inaccessible due to the 

near year-round presence 

of large waves.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Deep 7/20 0.84 0.38 0.41 0.98 0.69 0.94 0.33 0.85

PATI POINT

N/A – Shallow, 8 – Deep

N/A

MED-HIGH

DEEP

13.601° N, 144.950° E

N/A

Not applicable

Not applicable

Acropora cerealis

Astrea curta

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea chalcidicum

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea favus

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites valenciennesi

Galaxea fascicularis

Goniastrea edwardsi

Goniastrea stelligera

Leptastrea purpurea

Montipora caliculata

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora nodosa

Montipora tuberculosa

Montipora verrucosa

Pavona clavus

Pavona varians

Pavona venosa

Platygyra pini

Pocillopora elegans

Porites lichen

Porites lobata

Porites lutea

Porites rus

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigricauda

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Acanthurus triostegus

Acanthurus xanthopterus

Aethaloperca rogaa

Aphareus furca

Aprion virescens

Calotomus carolinus

Caranx melampygus

Cheilinus undulates

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gymnosarda unicolor

Hipposcarus longiceps

Lutjanus bohar

Lutjanus monostigma

Macolor macularis

Monotaxis grandoculis

Naso hexacanthus

Naso lituratus

Naso vlamingii

Scarus forsteni

Scarus fuscocaudalis

Scarus psittacus

Scarus rubroviolaceus

Variola louti
High (>avg+1 SD) Med-High (>avg and <avg+1 SD) Med-Low (<avg and >avg - 1 SD) Low (<avg - 1 SD)

SHALLOW SCORE:

DEEP SCORE:

A2.20

BENTHIC COMMUNITY

SHALLOW DEEP

Coral

Macroalgae

Coralline algae

Other

CORAL SPECIES

SHALLOW DEEP

FISH SPECIES

SHALLOW

RELATIVE RESILIENCE

DEEP

SHALLOW

PHOTO

NOT AVAILABLE

The latte

is a symbol of 

Chamorro culture. 

The latte stones were 

architectural structures 

used to build ancient 

Chamorro homes.

Depth Rank Resilience 

Score Coral Cover Coral Diversity

Coral 

Recruitment

Bleaching 

Resistance

Macroalgae 

Cover

Herbivorous 

Fish Biomass

Temperature 

Variability

Shallow N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

Deep 17/20 0.74 0.23 0.34 0.96 0.59 0.86 0.21 0.85

LATTE POINT

N/A – Shallow, 15 – Deep

N/A

MED-LOW

DEEP

13.587° N, 144.952° E

N/A

Not applicable

Not applicable

Astreopora 

myriophthalma

Astreopora ocellata

Cyphastrea serailia

Dipsastraea maritima

Dipsastraea matthaii

Dipsastraea pallida

Favites valenciennesi

Goniastrea retiformis

Goniastrea stelligera

Heliopora coerula

Leptastrea purpurea

Lobophyllia hemprichii

Montipora caliculata

Montipora cf. venosa

Montipora hoffmeisteri

Montipora tuberculosa

Pavona clavus

Pavona varians

Pocillopora elegans

Pocillopora eydouxi

Pocillopora 

verrucosa,Porites 

australiensis

Porites lichen

Porites lutea

Porites vaughani

Stylocoeniella armata

Stylophora pistillata

Acanthurus blochii

Acanthurus nigricans

Acanthurus nigrofuscus

Acanthurus olivaceus

Aethaloperca rogaa

Aphareus furca

Calotomus carolinus

Chlorurus microrhinos

Chlorurus sordidus

Ctenochaetus striatus

Gymnosarda unicolor

Lutjanus bohar

Macolor macularis

Naso lituratus

Naso unicornis

Naso vlamingii

Scarus psittacus

Scarus rubroviolaceus

Siganus argenteus