S. HRG. 114–490 

PENDING LEGISLATION 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, 

FORESTS, AND MINING 

OF THE 

COMMITTEE ON 

ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS 

FIRST SESSION 

S. 414 S. 1941/H.R. 2223 

S. 872 S. 1942/H.R. 1554 

S. 1295/H.R. 1324 S. 1955 

S. 1448 S. 1971 

S. 1592 S. 2069 

OCTOBER 8, 2015 

( 

Printed for the use of the 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov 

PENDING LEGISLATION 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE

WASHINGTON : 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office

Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800

Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001

98–942 2018

S. HRG. 114–490 

PENDING LEGISLATION 

HEARING 

BEFORE THE 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, 

FORESTS, AND MINING 

OF THE 

COMMITTEE ON 

ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS 

FIRST SESSION 

S. 414 S. 1941/H.R. 2223 

S. 872 S. 1942/H.R. 1554 

S. 1295/H.R. 1324 S. 1955 

S. 1448 S. 1971 

S. 1592 S. 2069 

OCTOBER 8, 2015 

( 

Printed for the use of the 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.fdsys.gov 

(II) 

COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

LISA MURKOWSKI, Alaska, Chairman 

JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming 

JAMES E. RISCH, Idaho 

MIKE LEE, Utah 

JEFF FLAKE, Arizona 

STEVE DAINES, Montana 

BILL CASSIDY, Louisiana 

CORY GARDNER, Colorado 

ROB PORTMAN, Ohio 

JOHN HOEVEN, North Dakota 

LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee 

SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO, West Virginia 

MARIA CANTWELL, Washington 

RON WYDEN, Oregon 

BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont 

DEBBIE STABENOW, Michigan 

AL FRANKEN, Minnesota 

JOE MANCHIN III, West Virginia 

MARTIN HEINRICH, New Mexico 

MAZIE K. HIRONO, Hawaii 

ANGUS S. KING, JR., Maine 

ELIZABETH WARREN, Massachusetts 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, FORESTS, AND MINING

JOHN BARRASSO, Chairman 

SHELLEY MOORE CAPITO 

JAMES E. RISCH 

MIKE LEE 

STEVE DAINES 

BILL CASSIDY 

CORY GARDNER 

JOHN HOEVEN 

JEFF FLAKE 

LAMAR ALEXANDER 

RON WYDEN 

DEBBIE STABENOW 

AL FRANKEN 

JOE MANCHIN III 

MARTIN HEINRICH 

MAZIE K. HIRONO 

ELIZABETH WARREN 

KAREN K. BILLUPS, Staff Director 

PATRICK J. MCCORMICK III, Chief Counsel 

LUCY MURFITT, Senior Counsel and Natural Resources Policy Director 

ANGELA BECKER-DIPPMANN, Democratic Staff Director 

SAM E. FOWLER, Democratic Chief Counsel 

DAVID BROOKS, Democratic General Counsel 

(III) 

C O N T E N T S 

OPENING STATEMENTS 

Page 

Barrasso, Hon. John, Chairman and a U.S. Senator from Wyoming .................. 1 

Wyden, Hon. Ron, Ranking Member and a U.S. Senator from Oregon .............. 2 

Feinstein, Hon. Dianne, a U.S. Senator from California ...................................... 3 

Flake, Hon. Jeff, a U.S. Senator from Arizona ..................................................... 215 

Gardner, Hon. Cory, a U.S. Senator from Colorado ............................................. 215 

Sullivan, Hon. Dan, a U.S. Senator from Alaska .................................................. 216 

Murkowski, Hon. Lisa, a U.S. Senator from Alaska ............................................. 217 

WITNESSES 

Casamassa, Glenn, Associate Deputy Chief, National Forest System, U.S. 

Department of Agriculture .................................................................................. 219 

Ellis, Steven, Deputy Director, Operations, Bureau of Land Management, 

U.S. Department of the Interior ......................................................................... 225 

Barlow, Leo, Representative, Southeast Alaska Landless Corporation .............. 244 

Lindekugel, Buck, Grassroots Attorney, Southeast Alaska Conservation Council ........................................................................................................................... 375 

Lovingood, Hon. Robert, First District Supervisor, San Bernardino County, 

California .............................................................................................................. 381 

Haney, Frazier, Conservation Director, Mojave Desert Land Trust ................... 385 

ALPHABETICAL LISTING AND APPENDIX MATERIAL SUBMITTED 

A’Bear, Luke: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 409 

Advocates for Access to Public Lands: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 161 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 159 

Alaska Federation of Natives: 

Resolution 15–7 for the Record ....................................................................... 410 

Alaska Native Brotherhood & Alaska Native Sisterhood Grand Camp: 

Resolution No. 14–08 for the Record ............................................................... 412 

Alaska State Legislature, Juneau Delegation: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 815 

Alaska Wilderness League, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 414 

Allen, Marian: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 416 

AMA District 37: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 172 

Amargosa Conservancy Members and Board of Directors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 97 

Amargosa Conservancy: 

Letter to Senator Feinstein for the Record .................................................... 98 

Letter to Representative Cook for the Record ................................................ 99 

American Motorcyclist Association: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 130 

American Rivers: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 418 

American Sand Association: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 103 

Page

IV 

Americans for Responsible Recreational Access, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 128 

Angerman, Aaron: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 420 

Barlow, Leo: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 244 

Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) Report prepared for 

the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service and the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management and Bureau 

of Indian Affairs dated February 1994 ........................................................ 247 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 371 

Barrasso, Hon. John: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 1 

Bishop Area Chamber of Commerce and Visitors Bureau: 

Letter to Senator Feinstein for the Record .................................................... 154 

Letter to Representative Cook for the Record ................................................ 155 

Boxer, Hon. Barbara: 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 404 

Bradley, Harry: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 422 

Brainard, John: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 423 

California Association of 4 Wheel Drive Clubs: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 106 

California Motorized Recreation Council: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 105 

California Off-Road Vehicle Association: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 138 

California Wilderness Coalition: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 142 

Statement for the Record from Monica Argandona ....................................... 425 

Capps, Hon. Lois: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 428 

Carrillo, Chris: 

Op-Ed in the San Bernardino County Sun dated 4/24/15 ............................. 28 

Casamassa, Glenn: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 219 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 222 

Responses to Questions for the Record ........................................................... 399 

Cascadia Wildlands and Greenpeace: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 430 

Castillo, Raymond—Imperial County Board of Supervisors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 34 

Central Council—Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska: 

Resolution TA/15–19 for the Record ............................................................... 436 

Churchill, Sandra: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 438 

City Council of the City of Bishop: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 149 

City Council of the City of Calimesa: 

Resolution No. 2015–23 for the Record ........................................................... 48 

City Council of the City of Cathedral City: 

Resolution No. 2015–16 for the Record ........................................................... 40 

City Council of the City of Chino Hills: 

Resolution No. 2015R–33 for the Record ........................................................ 57 

City Council of the City of Coachella: 

Resolution No. 2015–10 for the Record ........................................................... 44 

City Council of the City of Desert Hot Springs: 

Resolution No. 2015–010 for the Record ........................................................ 42 

City Council of the City of Indian Wells: 

Resolution No. 2015–31 for the Record ........................................................... 63 

City Council of the City of Palm Desert: 

Resolution No. 2015–50 for the Record ........................................................... 53 

City Council of the City of Palm Springs: 

Resolution No. 23851 for the Record .............................................................. 38 

City of Banning: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 65 

Page

V 

City of La Quinta: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 60 

City of Rancho Cucamonga: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 61 

City of Rancho Mirage: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 51 

Coachella Valley Association of Governments: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 70 

Coachella Valley Conservation Commission: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 71 

Coachella Valley Economic Partnership: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 76 

Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 136 

Comer, Diane: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 439 

(The) Conservation Alliance: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 124 

(The) Conservation Alliance, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 169 

Conservation Lands Foundation: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 119 

Cooper, Dr. David: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 440 

Cotoni-Coast Dairies National Monument: 

Letter and Petition for the Record .................................................................. 442 

Desert Stewardship Project: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 102 

Drake, Matthew: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 719 

Duran, Michael: 

Op-Ed in the Desert Sun dated 2/14/15 .......................................................... 18 

Eastern Sierra 4x4 Club: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 722 

EcoLogic Partners, Inc., et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 107 

Edison International and Southern California Edison: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 93 

Ellis, Steven: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 225 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 227 

Erickson, Barbara: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 723 

Eshoo, Hon. Anna: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 724 

Feinstein, Hon. Dianne: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 3 

Endorsements ................................................................................................... 5 

Photos for the Record ....................................................................................... 177 

Fish, Steve: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 726 

Flake, Hon. Jeff: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 215 

Fluetsch, Bradley: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 727 

Freiberg, Joyce: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 728 

Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 133 

Friends of the Desert Mountains: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 111 

Friends of Dumont Dunes: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 110 

Friends of El Mirage: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 113 

Friends of the Elephant Seal: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 729 

Page

VI 

Friends of the Inyo: 

Letter dated 3/1/15 for the Record .................................................................. 157 

Letter dated 3/9/15 for the Record .................................................................. 158 

Friends of Jawbone: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 112 

Friends of Joshua Tree: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 731 

Friends of the River: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 115 

Garcia, Jania: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 732 

Gardner, Hon. Cory: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 215 

Glide Wildflower Show Council: 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 733 

Good, Nancy: 

Op-Ed for The Inyo Register dated 2/28/15 .................................................... 26 

Granite Construction Company: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 171 

Great Outdoors Palm Springs: 

Resolution for the Record ................................................................................. 127 

Greater Palm Springs Convention and Visitors Bureau: 

Resolution No. JPA 2015 006 for the Record ................................................. 73 

Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 82 

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Community: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 735 

Haney, Frazier: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 385 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 387 

Hood River County Board of Commissioners: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 739 

Hood River Valley Residents Committee: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 741 

Inland Action: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 121 

Inland Valley Daily Bulletin Editorial Board: 

Editorial for the Record dated 2/27/15 ............................................................ 12 

Editorial for the Record dated 9/24/15 ............................................................ 14 

Inyo County Board of Supervisors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 146 

Inyo County Film Commission: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 156 

Inyo County Superintendent of Schools: 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 147 

Letter to Senator Feinstein for the Record .................................................... 148 

Jamieson, Christie: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 757 

Johnson, Rose, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 758 

Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 78 

Joshua Tree Gateway Association of Realtors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 91 

Kaelke, Mark, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 759 

Kemp, Molly: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 760 

King, Charles: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 763 

Kitka, Julie: 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 764 

Knight, Rebecca: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 769 

Latino Conservation Alliance: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 125 

Page

VII 

League of Conservation Voters, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 774 

Leask, Lucinda: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 777 

Lehmann, Judi: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 778 

Leone, Bob: 

Op-Ed written in the Hi-Desert Star dated 2/10/15 ...................................... 24 

Lewis, Stephen: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 780 

Lichatowich, Jim: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 783 

Lindekugel, Buck: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 375 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 376 

Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 153 

Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation: 

Letter to Senator Feinstein for the Record .................................................... 151 

Letter to Representative Cook for the Record ................................................ 152 

Lovingood, Hon. Robert: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 381 

Written Testimony ............................................................................................ 383 

MacAuley, Anita: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 784 

Martin, Sr., John: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 786 

McConnell, Dave: 

Op-Ed in the Hesperia Star dated 4/30/15 ..................................................... 30 

(The) Metropolitan Water District of Southern California: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 95 

Moberly, Stan: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 788 

Mojave Desert Land Trust: 

Resolution for the Record ................................................................................. 117 

Mojave National Preserve Conservancy Board of Directors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 790 

Monday Morning Group: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 122 

Moore, Kathleen: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 791 

Morongo Valley Chamber of Commerce: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 80 

Morongo Valley Community Services District and Fire Department: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 72 

Murkowski, Hon. Lisa: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 217 

National Congress of American Indians: 

Letter and Resolution #DEN–07–097 for the Record .................................... 793 

National Parks Conservation Association: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 144 

Statement for the Record from David Lamfrom ............................................ 797 

Off Highway Vehicle Businesses and Community: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 173 

Old Spanish Trail Association: 

Resolution for the Record ................................................................................. 123 

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 799 

Pacific Gas and Electric Company: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 96 

Pacific Rivers and Wild Salmon Center: 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 800 

Pearce, Barbara: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 805 

(The) Pew Charitable Trusts: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 118 

Statement for the Record ................................................................................. 806 

Page

VIII 

Quinto, Ray and Taylor, William: 

Op-Ed for The Riverside Press-Enterprise dated 2/16/15 ............................. 19 

Ramos, James: 

Op-Ed for the Hi-Desert Star dated 3/3/15 ..................................................... 27 

Reeves, William: 

Op-Ed for the Desert Dispatch dated 7/10/15 ................................................ 32 

Rinehart, Jr., Richard: 

Letter re: response to the testimony from the Department of Interior 

& SEACC ....................................................................................................... 810 

Letter re: S. 872 ................................................................................................ 814 

Ream, Joshua—The Shtax’heen Kwaan of the Tlingit in Southeast Alaska: A Literature Review dated Fall Semester, 2010 .................................. 818 

Tashee Letter of Support re: S. 872 ................................................................ 907 

Rio Valley Homeowner’s Association: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 92 

Riverside County Board of Supervisors: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 33 

Robinson, Scott: 

Op-Ed for The Desert Sun dated 5/14/15 ....................................................... 31 

Ross, Mark and Gerkin, Paul: 

Op-Ed for the Hi-Desert Star dated 2/17/15 ................................................... 22 

San Diego Zoo Global: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 134 

San Manuel Band of Mission Indians: 

Resolution No. 2014–017 for the Record ........................................................ 66 

Saunders, Celia: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 910 

Sealaska Corporation: 

Letter re: S. 872 (See page 247 for ISER attachment) .................................. 911 

Letter re: S. 1955 .............................................................................................. 914 

Sempervirens Fund: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 916 

Sierra Club: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 917 

Southern Inyo County (California) Business Owners: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 100 

Steamboaters: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 918 

Stedman, Hon. Bert: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 816 

Stein, Alan: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 920 

Sullivan, Hon. Dan: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 216 

(The) Summertree Institute: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 145 

Temple, Herb: 

Op-Ed in the San Bernardino Sun on 2/13/15 ............................................... 16 

Timbisha Shoshone Tribe: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 68 

Town Council of the Town of Apple Valley: 

Resolution for the Record ................................................................................. 35 

(The) Trust for Public Land: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 116 

U.S. Armed Services Retired Flag Officers: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 166 

U.S. Military Veterans and Families: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 162 

Victorville Daily Press Editorial Board: 

Editorial for the Record ................................................................................... 11 

Waldheim, Edward: 

Op-Ed in the Desert Dispatch dated 2/16/15 .................................................. 21 

Walters Camp Residents, Imperial County, California: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 83 

Ward, Bruce, et al: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 922 

Page

IX 

(The) Wilderness Society: 

Letter for the Record to Senator Feinstein .................................................... 141 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 923 

(The) Wildlands Conservancy: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 143 

Wild Steelhead Coalition: 

Letter for the Record ........................................................................................ 927 

Wyden, Hon. Ron: 

Opening Statement ........................................................................................... 2 

The text for each of the bills which were addressed in this hearing can be found on the 

committee’s website at: https://www.energy.senate.gov/public/index.cfm/hearings-and-businessmeetings?ID=2DCB8874-5F31-44C7-84AF-E63691DD5231. 

(1) 

PENDING LEGISLATION 

THURSDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2015 

U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, FORESTS AND MINING, COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES, Washington, DC. 

The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 2:30 p.m. in Room 

SD–366, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Washington, DC, Hon. 

John Barrasso, Chairman of the Subcommittee, presiding. 

OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. JOHN BARRASSO, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM WYOMING 

Senator BARRASSO. The Subcommittee will come to order. The 

purpose of today’s hearing is to receive testimony on ten bills pending before the Committee. 

Five of these bills make small land adjustments but to make 

these adjustments it takes, literally, an Act of Congress. S. 1295 

and H.R. 1324 adjust the boundary of Arapaho National Forest to 

include some donated parcels of land. S. 1941 and H.R. 2223 effectuate a land exchange that would move a guest ranch into private 

ownership and move high quality lands into conservation. S. 1942 

and H.R. 1554 facilitate a land conveyance that would correct a 

long standing discrepancy caused by conflicting surveys on property 

at Elkhorn Ranch. 

The remaining two land conveyance bills are in Arizona and Oregon. S. 1592 was introduced by Senator Flake. This bill clarifies 

a discrepancy that exists in legislation enacted ten years ago so the 

Forest Service can complete a land conveyance to a young life 

youth camp. Senator Wyden introduced S. 2069 to modify the Mt. 

Hood Cooper Spur land exchange that was initially authorized in 

2009. Apparently in these two cases Congress needs to pass additional laws with further direction to the Forest Service so that we 

can actually get these land bills done. 

So today we also have a few complex bills on the agenda with 

long histories. 

S. 414, the California Desert Conservation Recreation Act of 

2015, was introduced by Senator Feinstein. This bill places over 1.8 

million acres in new land designations ranging from new national 

monuments and wilderness areas to off highway vehicle recreation 

areas. As I understand it, the provisions of S. 414 have been under 

consideration in one form or another for about six years. 

Another bill with a long history is Senator Murkowski’s S. 872. 

Her bill would recognize five communities in Southeast Alaska that 

were left out of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act in 1971. 

2 

There have been multiple iterations of this bill going back to the 

early 1990s. 

Both of these bills have witnesses that have traveled long distances to be with us today. 

We will also hear testimony on S. 1955, Senator Sullivan’s bill, 

co-sponsored by Senator Murkowski, that would correct a problem 

with Native Vietnam Veterans allotments; S. 1442, Senator Wyden’s bill to designate over 100,000 acres of Forest Service land as 

the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary; and S. 1971, Senator 

Boxer’s bill to expand the California Coastal National Monument. 

With that I want to thank our witnesses for being here as well 

as Senator Feinstein and Senator Sullivan, who are here to talk 

about their bills. 

Let me turn first to Senator Wyden for his opening remarks. 

STATEMENT OF HON. RON WYDEN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM OREGON 

Senator WYDEN. Thank you very much, Mr. Chairman. I appreciate your putting together this hearing. 

I also want to thank our two colleagues, my long, long time 

friend, Senator Feinstein. Senator Sullivan, great to see you. 

Please excuse my bad manners, I have to depart the instant I give 

this statement, but I very much appreciate your being here. I am 

anxious to work with both of you on this. 

The first bill that the Chairman has talked about, the Frank 

Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary designation is a tribute to one of 

America’s great heroes and to a very special place in Oregon. 

Frank Moore is a native Oregonian, a World War II veteran, 

whose extraordinary service earned him several honors including 

the French Legion of Honor award. That is France’s highest military honor, as well as a citation from the United States for ‘‘extraordinary and exemplary performance of military duty while in 

combat.’’ The war took Frank all over Europe but once it ended he 

came right back to Oregon and to his wonderful family and his beloved rivers. 

He is a legendary presence on the North Umpqua River where 

he can be found most days. In fact I recently visited with Frank 

and family just a few months ago on the banks of the North Umpqua. He knows every bend and rock of this river, the river he grew 

up near. During his 91 years he has contributed to a rich legacy 

of conservation and respect for nature that, I think, really sets the 

standard for future generations. 

He has worked tirelessly to conserve Oregon’s fish habitats and 

rivers. He served on the State of Oregon’s Fish and Wildlife Commission receiving both the National Wildlife Federation Conservationist of the Year award and the Wild Steelhead Coalition Conservation award. 

The Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary designation is going 

to ensure that this area, the waterways and the forests, is managed in a way that protects delicate steelhead habitat and river 

ecosystems, and it serves as a tribute to Frank’s many outstanding 

accomplishments both on and off the river. 

The other bill, the Mt. Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act, is what I hope to be the final step in completing a land 

3 

exchange that passed as part of the Omnibus Public Lands bill six 

years ago. I remember it like it was yesterday. I think Senator 

Feinstein remembers how we worked for years. Then President 

Obama, having been sworn in fairly shortly after that, signed the 

Public Lands bill. It was a historic occasion, and here we are six 

years later still trying to get a land exchange that passed as part 

of it. 

The Cooper Spur land exchange is one of three land exchanges 

included in the Mt. Hood Wilderness legislation which I sponsored 

here in the Senate, but it is the only one that has not been completed. This land exchange is now 62 months past due and progress 

has stalled. 

The delays have angered the public, endangered the environment, spurred a lawsuit against the Forest Service and I will just 

say to my colleagues as we go forward in this Committee as we always have on a bipartisan way, it is time to get this done. Sixtytwo months to wait for something like this is, by any standards, 

just absurd. I am looking forward to working with my colleagues 

on this. 

The bill before the Subcommittee today would clarify provisions, 

original and exchanged, to ensure that the process can move forward in a timely fashion. It includes clarifications and concrete 

deadlines that will remove any uncertainty about the intent of the 

original bill. 

I will have a few questions to submit in writing for the Forest 

Service about how we can get their thoughts on how to move forward to finalize the land exchange, and I look forward to their testimony. 

Again, I want to apologize to my two colleagues. I know that Senator Feinstein has spent an enormous amount of time on the bill 

that she is going to be talking to and as usual she is somebody who 

really writes legislation in a thoughtful and fastidious way. So I 

will be following up. And I want to apologize to both my colleagues 

for having to leave. 

Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Senator Wyden. 

At this time I would like to turn to the Chairman of the Committee, Senator Murkowski. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I understand that 

Senator Feinstein has a Committee hearing that she would like to 

attend, so I will defer my comments until after she has had an opportunity to speak to her matter if it is timely. 

I know that this is her second appearance before the Energy and 

Natural Resources Committee today, so you are busy focusing on 

energy. We appreciate it. 

I will certainly defer to my colleague. 

Senator BARRASSO. Senator Feinstein. 

STATEMENT OF HON. DIANNE FEINSTEIN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM CALIFORNIA 

Senator FEINSTEIN. Thanks, Mr. Chairman. 

And thank you, Madam Chairman. I very much appreciate your 

attention this morning and your help in the past. 

4 

Mr. Chairman, this California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act fulfills a commitment made two decades ago to preserve 

the magnificent desert landscapes of my home state. In 1994 we 

passed the first California Desert Protection Act. It was the largest 

land conservation designation in the continental United States. It 

established the iconic Death Valley and Joshua Tree National 

Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. The bill you are considering today carries that historic tradition forward, and we have 

worked on it for six years. 

Mr. Chairman, I will only bother you to say that this bill has 

been so worked on that we have 140 endorsements. They include 

20 different local government entities, Riverside and Imperial 

County Board of Supervisors, cities such as Palm Springs, Rancho 

Cucamonga, the Coachella Valley Association of Governments, the 

Timbisha Shoshone Tribe, eight Chambers of Commerce which only 

shows the economic value that the desert has began to bring; 46 

environmental and recreational organizations, these range from 

groups such as the Wildlands Conservancy, the Wilderness Society 

to the Recreational Off Highway Vehicle Association. It includes 

three public utility companies, several local media outlets and 

many private endorsements. 

I would like to submit the list of endorsements to the Committee, 

if I may. 

Senator BARRASSO. Without objection. 

[The information referred to follows:] 

5 


Insert graphic folio 24 98942A.001

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015 Endorsements 

Updated 10-5-15 

Local Governments and Elected Officials 

I. Riverside County Board of Supervisors 

2. Imperial County Board of Supervisors 

3. City of Apple Valley 

4. City of Palm Springs 

5. City of Cathedral City 

6. City of Desert Hot Springs 

7. City of Coachella 

8. City of Calimesa 

9. City of Rancho Mirage 

I O.City of Palm Desert 

!!.City of Chino Hills 

12.City of La Quinta 

13.City of Rancho Cucamonga 

14.City oflndian Wells 

15.City of Banning (conditional support) 

16.San Manuel Band ofMission Indians 

17.Timbisha Shoshone Tribe 

IS. Coachella Valley Association of 

Governments 

19.Coachella Valley Conservation 

Commission 

20.Morongo Valley Community Services 

District 

Chambers of Commerce & Civic Groups 

2l.Greater Palm Springs Convention & 

Visitors Bureau 

22.Coachella Valley Economic Partnership 

23 .Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce 

24.Morongo Valley Chamber of Commerce 

25.Greater Riverside Chamber of 

Commerce 

26.Residents of Walters Camp 

27.Joshua Tree Gateway Association of 

Realtors 

28.Rio Valley Homeowner's Association 

Utility Companies 

29.Southern California Edison 

30.Metropolitan Water District of Southern 

California 

31.Pacific Gas & Electric 

Media 

32.The Desert Sun 

33.San Bernardino Sun 

34.Los Angeles Daily News Group 

Organizations & User Groups 

35.Amargosa Conservancy 

36.Tecopa Hot Springs Conservancy 

37.Desert Stewardship Project 

38.American Sand Association 

39.California Motorized Recreation 

Council 

40.California Association of 4 Wheel Drive 

Clubs 

41. California/Nevada Snowmobile 

Association 

42.0ff-Road Business Association 

43.Friends of Dumont Dunes 

44.Friends of the Desert Mountains 

45.Friends of Jawbone 

46.Friends ofEl Mirage 

47.Friends of the River 

48.Friends of Joshua Tree 

49.Trust for Public Land 

50.Mojave Desert Land Trust 

5l.The Pew Charitable Trusts 

52.Conservation Lands Foundation 

53 .Inland Action 

54.Monday Morning Group of Western 

Riverside 

55.0ld Spanish Trail Association 

56.Point Mugu 4x4 Club 

57.The Conservation Alliance 
6 


Insert graphic folio 25 98942A.002

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 Endorsements 

Updated 10-5-15 

58.Latino Conservation Alliance 

59.Great Outdoors Palm Springs 

60.Blue Ribbon Coalition 

61.National Off-Highway Conservation 

Council 

62.Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle 

Association 

63.Motorcycle Industry Council 

64.American Motorcyclist Association 

65.Tread Lightly! 

66.Specialty Vehicle Institute of America 

67.Americans for Responsible Recreational 

Access 

68.Friends of Big Morongo Canyon 

Preserve 

69.San Diego Zoo Global 

70.Coachella Valley Mountains 

Conservancy 

71.California Off-Road Vehicles 

Association 

72.The Wilderness Society 

73.Ecologic 

74.0ff-Road Business Association 

75.Vet Voice Foundation 

76.California Wilderness Coalition 

77.The Wildlands Conservancy 

78.National Parks Conservation 

Association 

79.Mojave Preserve Conservancy 

80.Save Our Desert 

81.SummerTree Institute 

Alabama Hills House Legislation Only 

82.Inyo County Board of Supervisors 

83.Terence McAteer, Inyo County 

Superintendent of Schools 

84.City of Bishop 

85.Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation 

86.Lone Pine Chamber of Commerce 

87.Bishop Chamber of Commerce 

88.Inyo County Film Commission 

89.Friends of the Inyo 

90.Aiabama Hills Stewardship Group 

91.Advocates for Access to Public Lands 

92.Eastern Sierra 4x4 Club 

Petitions 

93.150 OHV Community Members 

94.50 California Veterans and Family 

Members 

95.31 Morongo Basin Small Business 

Owners 

96.22 Retired Flag Officers 

Businesses and Corporations 

97.The North Face 

98.Came!Bak Products, LLC 

99.Vans 

I 00. The Timberland Company 

I 0 1. Patagonia 

I 02. Eagle Creek Travel Gear 

103. Klean Kanteen 

I 04. Smartwool Corporation 

I 05. The Forest Group 

I 06. V APUR Inc. 

107. Element Herbs 

108. The Mountain Lab 

I 09. Brook Hopper Consulting 

II 0. Parkvisitor.com/Good Solutions 

Ill. Belinda Sanda Sales 

112. Nosala Engineering and 

Manufacturing 

113. McCafferty Skylights Inc. 

114. Norm Hill Aviation Inc. 

115. Red Sky Enterprises 

116. Rapid Packaging Plus 

117. Juniper Ridge 
7 


Insert graphic folio 26 98942A.003

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 Endorsements 

Updated 10-5-15 

Community Leaders 

118. Fran Ulmer, Chair of US Arctic 

Research Commission 

119. Suzi Dennett, Executive Director, 

Death Valley Chamber of 

Commerce 

120. Susan Sorrells, Shoshone Village 

121. Edward Waldheim, Sportscoach 

Owners International 

122. Jerry Grabow, President, American 

Motorcyclist Association, 

District 37 

Notable Business Owners 

123. Brian Brown, China Ranch Date 

Farm 

124. Mary King, Shoshone Museum 

125. Sam Roberts, Sam Roberts 

Photography 

126. Nancy Good, New Light Foto 

Design 

127. Ryan Thomas, Kiltman Off-Road 

Adventure 

128. Greg Olson, Battle Born Homes 

129. Amy Noel, Tecopa Hot Springs 

Resort 

130. Karin Pine, Tecopa Hot Springs 

Massage 

131. Justin Blake, Second Wind Hot 

Water Retreat 

132. John Malucci, Pastels Bistro 

133. Cynthia Keinitz, Cynthia's Resort 

134. Darleen Strong, Vice President, 

Honda of Glendale 

135. Jeff Lyman, Fleet & Commercial 

Truck Manager, Encinitas Ford 

136. Richie Wohlers, Controller, Vision 

Mechanical Services 

137. JeffBenjamin, President, Benjamin 

Lewis Inc. 

138. Aaron Moon, Manager, Southland 

Cycle Centre 

139. Jean Paul LeBlanc, Assistant 

Treasurer, California City 

Economic Development Corp. 

140. Donn Nay, Treasurer. Pacific 

Mechanical Contractors 
8 


Insert graphic folio 27 98942A.004

California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act of 2015 

(S.414) 

Editorials/Op-Eds 

Endorsement Letters 
9 


Insert graphic folio 28 98942A.006

Editorials and Op-Eds 

Editorials: 1-3 

1. Victorville Daily Press, "Our View: Feinstein bill just what desert ordered" 

February 11, 2015 

2. Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, "Protect our desert lands and recreational 

uses" 

February 27, 2015 

3. Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, "Protect desert land by bill- or by monument 

designation" 

September 24, 2015 

Op-Eds: 4-15 

4. San Bernardino County Sun, "Protecting California's desert good for 

veterans, nation" 

February 13, 2015 Herb Temple 

5. The Desert Sun, "Valley Voice: Back Feinstein's desert protection move" 

February 14, 2015- Michael Duran 

6. The Press Enterprise, "Joining forces to protect the California desert" 

February 16, 2015 - Ray Quinto and William Taylor 

7. Desert Dispatch, "Valley Voices: Feinstein bill also protects desert 

recreation" 

February 16,2015 -Edward Waldheim 

8. Hi-Desert Star, "Preserving wild desert lands is a principle of faith" 

February 17, 2015- Mark Ross and Paul Gerkin 

9. Hi-Desert Star, "Desert Conservation and Recreation act is visionary 

legislation" 

February 10,2015- Bob Leone 
10 


Insert graphic folio 29 98942A.007

10. The In yo Register, "Proposed legislation would benefit economy and 

environment" 

February 28, 2015- Nancy Good 

11.Hi-Desert Star, "Progress is being made in the California desert" 

March 3, 2015- James Ramos (San Bernardino County Supervisor, 3rct 

District) 

12. San Bernardino County Sun, "Desert protection bill offers a balanced 

approach" 

April24, 2015- Chris Carrillo 

13. Hesperia Star, "For veterans, California desert has special purpose" 

April 20, 2015 -Dave McConnell 

14. The Desert Sun, "Valley Voice: Our young benefit from parks creation" 

May 14, 2015- Scott Robinson 

15. Desert Dispatch, "Valley Voices: Feinstein bill will protect streams and 

rivers, too" 

July 20, 2015- William Reeves 
11 


Insert graphic folio 30 98942A.005

By DAILY PRESS EDITORIAL £0ARD PrlntPagec 

Ff'bru.'ll)' 11.2015 8:55AM 

Our View: Feinstein bill just what desert ordered 

It's not often that you'll find kudos for Dianne Feinstein on this page, but California's U.S. Senator is worthy of high praise fur introducing legislation Monday 

that would increase protection for about 1.6 million acres of Southern California desert. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, co·sponsored by Sen. Barbara Boxer, also would estab~ish two new national monuments and 

expand Joshua Tree and Death Valley National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. 

In the msh by Gov. Jerry Brown and President Obama to increase the state and nation's renewable energy portfolios, it is good to see Feinstein taking a step 

back and providing enlightened leadership. 

As John Zemanek, spokesman for the Alliance for Desert Preservation noted Monday, "Sorely missing from many of our government officials is a true sense of 

balance and ste<.\'ardship for our deserts, which are fragile and irreplaceable." 

Feinstein has provided that sense of balance, and for that we are grateful. 

http:lfwww.vvdailypress.e<:>m!artlde/10150211/0P!NION/1S0219969 Prml Page 
12 


Insert graphic folio 31 98942A.008

http://w "v.dailybulletin.com/opin!on/20150227/protect~our·desert·landS>-and·recreational~uses 

Protect our desert lands and recreational uses By The Editorial Board, Inland Valley Daily Bulletin DailyBulletin.com 

Sen. Diane Feinstein announces new a new bill Nov. 6, 

2014, to set establish the Sand to Snow and the Mojave 

Trails National Monuments on the 20th anniversary of the 

California Desert Protection Act at the Whitewater Preserve 

near Banning. (Photo by Eric Reed for The Sun) 

For Southern Californians who enjoy the recreational and 

restorative aspects of our deserts- especially for those who 

reside and make their livings there- few pieces of 

legislation have had as much impact at the California Desert 

Protection Act of 1994. 

That federal law upgraded Death Valley and Joshua Tree 

from national monuments to national parks, and turned East Mojave National Scenic Area into Mojave 

National Preserve. All three gained territory and, under management of the National Park Service, have 

grown steadily in attracting visitors and their spending- contributing an estimated $165 million and nearly 

2,000 jobs to the region's economy in 2013. 

The act designated 69 wilderness areas in the desert while permitting grazing in those areas. It also 

protected Native Americans' cultural rights and the military's ability to fly aircraft over the act's designated 

lands without restriction. 

That crucial desert bill was sponsored by California's Sen. Dianne Feinstein, who- two decades lateris back with further proposed protections for our state's beautiful but fragile desert lands. 

Feinstein's California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 would create two new national 

monuments and a national scenic area, designate several new wilderness areas, protect some key 

waterways and add more land to Death Valley and Joshua Tree national parks and the Mojave preserve. 

It's a balanced bill that specifically protects the public's existing access to these lands lor hunting, hiking, 

camping, off-reading, rockhounding and other recreational uses. 

And that's a key point: The desert land would be protected for those who come after us, but we still would 

be free to enjoy our varied recreational pursuits there. And, as did its predecessor, this bill ensures the right 

of the Department of Defense to conduct low-level training flights over wilderness and national parks and 

monuments. 

Feinstein's billS. 414 would establish the Mojave Trails National Monument on 942,000 acres of federal 

land between Joshua Tree National Park and the Mojave National Preserve along historic Route 66 in San 

Bernardino County. Grazing and recreational uses would be maintained, and construction of transmission 

lines would be permitted to carry electricity generated in renewable energy projects. However, any solar 

projects proposed on monument land would have to relocate to the federal solar zones. 

And it would set up Sand to Snow National Monument on 135,000 acres of federal land between Joshua 

Tree NP and the San Bernardino National Forest in San Bernardino and Riverside counties. 

Advertisement 

Page 1 ot2 Sep 30, 2015 04:15:30PM MDT 
13 


Insert graphic folio 32 98942A.009

http://W\oi'.>J.daifybulletin.comlopinion/20150227/protect*ourMdesert*lands*and·recreational-uses 

The bill would establish Alabama Hills National Scenic Area on 18,840 acres in lnyo County, to preserve 

for recreational use those crazy beautiful rock piles outside Lone Pine that have Mt. Whitney and the Sierra 

Crest as backdrop. (Rep. Paul Cook, R-Yucaipa, who represents much of California's desert area, 

introduced a bill to make the Alabama Hills a national scenic area in January, as he did unsuccessfully last 

year.) 

S. 414 would designate about 250,000 acres in five BLM study areas as wilderness, along with 41,000 

acres in Death Valley and 7,100 in the San Bernardino National Forest. But it would release 126,000 acres 

in the Cady and Soda Mountains that were designated wilderness study areas in the 1994 act, allowing 

vehicular access. And it would add about 74,000 acres in total to Death Valley and Joshua Tree national 

parks and the Mojave preserve. 

Deep Creek in the San Bernardino National Forest and the Whitewater River near Palm Springs would be 

part of 77 miles of newly designated wild and scenic rivers, along with the Amargosa River (dry though in 

may be most of the time) and Surprise Canyon Creek near Death Valley. 

And five existing off-highway vehicle areas in San Bernardino County, about 153,000 acres, would be 

designated permanent OHV recreation areas (Dumont Dunes, El Mirage, Rasor, Spangler Hills and 

Stoddard Valley). 

It's a big ol' bill that packs in a lot of good stuff and balances protection for the land with protection for 

human recreation and other activities. Ideally, it should be refined as it passes through congressional 

committees and then passed by both houses and signed into law. 

But this is 2015, not 1994, and the arc of congressional endeavors has curved toward dysfunction. We can 

only hope that well-founded protections for California's deserts- which are enjoyed by people from all 

over the nation and the world - will not sink in that quagmire. 

The editorial board supervises the Opinion pages for the Los Angeles News Group's nine publications: Los 

Angeles Daily News, Long Beach Press-Telegram, Torrance Daily Breeze, San Bernardino Sun, Inland 

Valley Daily Bulletin, San Gabriel Valley Tribune, Pasadena Star News, Whittier Daily News and the 

Redlands Daily Facts. Reach the author at opinion@langnews.com or follow The Editorial on Twitter: 

@SoCaiOpinion. 

• Full bio and more articles by The Editorial Board 

• Back to top 

Page2of2 Sep 30, 2015 04:15:30PM MDT 
14 


Insert graphic folio 33 98942A.010

Inland Valley Daily Bulletin 

[Editorial] Protect desert land by bill- or by monument 

designation 

By THE EDITORIAL BOARD 

SEPTEMBER 24, 2015 

In February, U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein introduced a well-balanced bill as a follow-up to her 

spectacularly successful California Desert Protection Act of 1994. 

This editorial board endorsed her S. 414 that same month, citing two main reasons: 

• Feinstein's 1994 bill- upgrading Death Valley and Joshua Tree from national monuments to 

national parks, and establishing Mojave Natural Preserve- had a huge, beneficial impact on 

San Bernardino County and beyond." The parks draw ever more visitors and their money, to the 

tune of an estimated $194 million for the region's economy, and more than 2,700 jobs in 2014. 

• Her new bill, called the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015, does a 

great job of balancing desert protection with ensuring the public's continued access to the land 

for hunting, hiking, camping, off-roading, rockhounding and other recreational uses. 

Even while endorsing S. 414, we expressed reservations about the prospects of its getting 

through a dysfunctional Congress. Nineteen ninety-four was a different time, when a bill like 

Feinstein's Desert Protection Act could be debated, attract votes from both sides of the aisle in 

both houses, be sent to the president and become law. 

Her new bill was introduced Feb. 9, referred to the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural 

Resources, and there it remains. Representatives for Rep. Paul Cook, R-Apple Valley, have said 

the congressman is working on alternative legislation to address some shortcomings in 

Feinstein's bill but it has yet to be introduced. 

Meanwhile, Feinstein did an end run around her own bill last month, writing a letter to President 

Obama asking him to designate three new national monuments in the desert. 

He should do it - if it comes to that. But first, he should give Congress more time and the 

chance to act on S. 414 and to consider Cook's alternative. It would be a better outcome for 

Feinstein's bill to be refined as it passes through congressional committees and both houses to 

become law. The bill takes a comprehensive approach to desert protection, designating some 

new wilderness areas, for example, but ending current wilderness protection and allowing 

vehicle access to other lands. 

But if Congress doesn't start moving the bill by the end of the year, Obama should grant 

Feinstein's request to make three new national monuments in San Bernardino and Riverside 

counties. 
15 


Insert graphic folio 34 98942A.011

Inland Valley Daily Bulletin 

They would be the Mojave Trails National Monument, preserving lands between Joshua Tree 

and Mojave National Preserve and a stretch of historic Route 66; Sand to Snow National 

Monument, ranging from the desert floor to the top of Mount San Gorgonio and including the 

headwaters of the Santa Ana and Whitewater rivers; and the Castle Mountains National 

Monument, surrounded on three sides by the Mojave preserve. 

These desert areas are well worth protecting. National monument status protects all existing uses 

and access to the lands, public and private. What national monument status does not necessarily 

provide, as we've seen with the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument created in 2014, is 

additional funding or resources for managing the land. 

These areas of our desert should be preserved for those who come after us. Ideally, that would 

happen through Feinstein's S. 414. If not, President Obama should set aside the three new 

national monuments. 

The editorial board supervises the Opinion pages for the Los Angeles News Group's nine 

publications: Los Angeles Daily News, Long Beach Press-Telegram, Torrance Daily Breeze, San 

Bernardino Sun. Inland Valley Daily Bulletin, San Gabriel Valley Tribune, Pasadena Star News, 

Whittier Daily News and the Redlands Daily Facts. 
16 


Insert graphic folio 35 98942A.012

·Protecting California's desert good for 

veterans, nation 

(Staff Photo by Sarah Alvarado/ San Bernardino SUn) 

By Herb Temple 

POSTED: 02/13./15,6:08 PM PST 0 COMMENTS 

With Operation Iraqi Freedom having come to a close, and the war in Afghanistan due to draw down, our 

nation rightfully is concerned with the well-being and mental health of our military forces and their families, 

after so many years of war. 

Additionally, we continually look for ways to ensure that future generations of troops and their families have 

the means to deal with the mental wounds of war. Obviously, ensuring that we hire, train, and organize 

enough mental health professionals to serve our veterans is of top concern. Making that care and support 

readily available is also a top concern. But the tools in our arsenal don't end there. 

That is why I joined with 21 other retired flag officers, representing 740 years of collective experience in our 

armed forces, in a letter last month supporting the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 

2015, legislation recently introduced in Congress by U.S. Sen. Dianne Feinstein. 

The California desert is amongst the most stunning and unique landscapes in the world and worthy of 

additional protections. These lands overflow with cactus gardens and Joshua tree forests, hidden springs and 
17 


Insert graphic folio 36 98942A.013

palm oases, impressive rock formations, sand dunes that dwarf skyscrapers, rugged mountain ranges, fields of 

\\ildflowers, and multihued canyons. 

As veterans, we value protected public lands such as national parks, monuments, \\ilderness areas, and other 

conservation lands as places for men and women in our armed forces to recuperate) recreate, and reconnect 

with family and friends after 13 years of continuous overseas combat operations. This includes the California 

desert. 

We believe these public lands and the pursuit of these recreational acti\ities contribute to the health and wellbeing of enlisted personnel and families stationed at military installations in southern California as well as the 

large population of military retirees who live v.ithin a couple hours' drive of these lands. In light of the 

prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and emotional illnesses resulting from over a decade of 

combat in Iraq and Mghanistan, access to places of healing is clearly vital to the restoration and mental health 

of our fighting forces and retired communities. 

The desert's protected public lands also provide a buffer for the region's military bases from encroachment of 

development and potentially threatening and/or illegal activities. Through the proposed California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act, the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Golden Valley Wilderness 

would provide critical standoff space, respectively, for the 29 Palms Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center 

and the Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake and enable more effective physical security for the thousands 

of family members stationed there. The Bowling Alley Wilderness Area addition to Death Valley National Park 

and the Avawatz Wilderness would provide similar benefits to Fort Irwin National Training Center. 

None of the lands proposed for protection by the Act overlap with lands identified by the U.S. Department of 

Interior for renewable energy development. That's important because if we develop clean, renewable energy 

here at home, we depend less on the fossil fuels that enrich hostile regimes. 

Protecting California desert public lands through this bill is a win-\\in for veterans and our security and 

preserves part of what makes America so great - her natural wonders. These are the lands we love, and the 

lands we served to protect. We encourage Congress and the President Obama to join us in that effort- for 

our veterans, their families, and future generations of Americans. 

Herb Temple lives in Palm Desert and is a retired U.S. Anny lieutenant general. 
18 


Insert graphic folio 37 98942A.014

Valley Voice: Back Feinstein's desert protection move 

Mkhae\ Duran, Special to The Desert Sun 3:49p.m. PST February 14, 2015 

(Phao: Marilyn Chung'The De$er/ 

s~; 

As an educator, I'm always looking for opportunities to bring the lessons we explore in the classroom to life 

beyond the pages of a text book and screen of a computer. lt's one thing to learn about the history of the 

American West, and another thing entirely to stand on the land where it took place. 

For many students, a firsthand experience in an outdoor classroom is what it takes to reach a deeper 

understanding of an issue or a moment in history. But too few young people in this generation spend time 

outdoors, contributing to a crisis in obesity and a missed opportunity to experience and understand the world 

around us. 

In our region, we are very lucky to have an outdoor classroom Uke the Cafifomia desert- a place of trails to 

hike, animal and plant life to explore, and opportunities to learn about our region's history. To this day, it's 

possible to follow historic trails for hundreds of miles, e)(!)eriencing a landscape that's changed tittle over a 

thousand years. 

Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve are one of kind places to 

visit. My favorite times are when the wildflowers bloom and blanket the desert floor and hillsides. Travelers come from all over to see these sites, 

contributing to the local economy and helping to create jobs. In fact, visitors to Death Valley, Joshua Tree, and Mojave alone contributed $165 mil~on 

in 2013 to the region's economy, supporting nearly 2,000 jobs. 

To navigate these places is to better understand a piece of CaUfomia history as wei! as our culture, geology, and unique flora and fauna. 

But we can't take it for granted that the Ca!ifomia desert always will be here- pristine and untouched- without action on our part. That's why I'm so 

glad to see that Sen. otanne Feinstein recently Introduced legislation to protect the California desert and ensure that this natural wonder is here for 

our students and generations to come. 

The Cafifornia Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, co-sponsored by Sen. Barbara Boxer, will increase protection for approximately 1.6 

million acres of desert landscapes, including expanding Death VaHey and Joshua Tree national parks, designating new wilderness areas and wild and 

scenic rivers, and establishing two new national monuments- the Mojave Trails and the Sand to Snow national monuments. 

These protected public lands will establish and protect new outdoor classrooms for our regions' students- with opportunities to see wildfife Ulre 

lizards, bighorn sheep, desert tortoises and migratory birds; to learn about plants and geology and history; to hike trails and to camp amidst the 

unique beauty of the California desert. 

I urge Reps. Raul Ruiz and Paul Cook to join the many business owners, veterans, faith leaders, elected officials, and other community and 

conservation leaders who are in support of this legislation, and work with Sen. Feinstein to protect these deserving places within the California desert. 

We have a tremendous and historic opportunity at hand with the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. Let's invest in the future of our 

young people by conserving the California desert and making sure this outdoor classroom is here to inspire our future scientists, naturalists, and 

history buffs. If we can accomplish that, we'll have another important chapter to add to our local history books. 

Michael Duran is a member of the Deserl Sands Unified Schoof District School Board of Education. He is a School Counselor at James Workman 

Middle School in Cathedral City and lives in La Quinta 

Read or Share this story: http:/ldesert.sn/1DsRGwT 
19 


Insert graphic folio 38 98942A.015

OPINION 

RAY QUINTO & WILLIAM TAYLOR: Joining forces to protect the 

California desert 

Riverside Press-Enterprise 

Ray Quinto and William Taylor 

February 16, 2015 

Many years ago, we joined the United States Armed Forces, choosing to serve our country out of a sense 

of duty and honor, and also a desire for adventure. Even though we had never met during our time in 

service, we settled our families in the same area of California that we loved so much. 

It's common to hear from veterans that readjusting to civilian life can be tough. It comes with its own 

set of challenges, from finding a post-military job to being away from the guys that you served with. One 

of the ways we readjusted was by spending time outdoors. Many veterans do the same. There's 

something about being out hiking, hunting and camping that lends us a sense of calm and place for 

healing. 

The California desert holds a special place in our hearts. It's full of life-lizards and desert tortoises to to 

bighorn sheep. There's sky like you wouldn't believe- huge and vibrantly blue during the day, and filled 

with stars at night. 

We know how important it is to protect these public lands and the waterways, wildlife migration routes 

and recreational and historic trails they hold. Protecting the California desert is our responsibility to 

future generations. With this in mind, we support Sen. Dianne Feinstein's recently proposed legislation, 

the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015. 

This legislation will increase protection for about 1.6 million acres of public land, including expanding 

Joshua Tree and Death Valley National Parks, along with the Mojave National Preserve. It will also 

establish two new national monuments, the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Sand to Snow 

National Monument, as well as establish new wilderness areas. It has strong local backing, including 

from community and business leaders, recreationists and elected officials. 

Despite tough times in the economy, the local tourism industry is a significant and durable economic 

engine. People from all over visit places like Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the 

Mojave National Preserve. Like us, they enjoy spending time outdoors with family and friends. In fact, 
20 


Insert graphic folio 39 98942A.016

visitors to these three places alone contributed $165 million to the region's economy in 2013, 

supporting nearly 2,000 jobs. Imagine the additional benefits that would result from the designation of 

new national monuments, wilderness areas and protected rivers. 

Throughout San Bernardino County, visitors generated over $52 million in local tax receipts in 2010, 

providing much needed local revenue. These numbers demonstrate why it's so important for our 

economic future that we protect the California desert. 

As veterans, we believe strongly that it is our duty to protect our country and our public lands. We 

respectfully urge Congressmen Paul Cook and Raul Ruiz, who work tirelessly on behalf of veterans in 

Washington, to work with Sen. Feinstein to pass this legislation in 2015. 

Ray Quinto spent 36 years in the military, including fighting in the Vietnam War. He is a farmer Calimesa 

councilman. Dr. William Taylor of Apple Volley served 23 years in our nation's armed farces. 
21 


Insert graphic folio 40 98942A.017

lly EDV\'ARD WALDHEIM 

CO~TRIBUTEDCONTENT 

February 16. 2015 u~.'lsAM 

Valley Voices: Feinstein bill also protects desert recreation 

Within our California desert are millions of acres of unspoiled landscapes that are home to a diverse range of recreational activities. People flock there to paint, 

view spring wildflowers, camp, rock climb, ride horses, hunt, stargaze, rockbound, visit old mining camps, hike the canyons and peaks, ride off~highway 

vehicles, and some simply to enjoy the solitude. 

Here the sun usually shines brightly and the wind often blo"'-'S strongly. State and federal targets for renewable energy production render these recreation-rich 

landscapes into prime siting opportunities for utility-scale solar and wind energy developments. As a result, many recreational activities face being displaced or 

eliminated. 

Fortunately, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 introduced by Sen. Dianne Feinstein last week seeks to set aside 1.6 million acres of 

high-value recreation lands by protecting them from renewable energy and other development. 

Throughout her proposal, Sen. Feinstein recognizes the diversity of existing recreational uses, both motorized and non~motorized. With a few exceptions, her 

legislation will allow the continued use of OHVs and other vehicles on the existing roads and trails that are currently designated by the Bureau of I.and 

Management. 

If passed, hikers and solitude seekers will long enjoy access to their traiiheads in wilderness and other roadless areas. Those \'1.1:10 enjoy motor-dependent 

activities such as hunting and rockhounding will enjoy the continued use of the designated roads and trails that lead to their destinations. 

Sen. Feinstein also proposes to legislatively protect five of the largest existing OHV areas as Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation Areas- Dumont Dunes, El 

Mirage, Rasor Road, Spangler Hills and Stoddard Valley. These OHV areas produce essential economic benefits for the desert towns and communities that 

provide services to the many visitors to these areas. 

C-alifornia's major OHV groups have given conditional support of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. They appreciate bow the bill blends 

conservation and the protection of existing recreational uses., but they would also like to see a modest expansion of OHV areas to make up for acreage lost to a 

military base expansion last year. 

Rer.reation, like the specialized plants and wildlife, has nowhere else to go. Renewable energy production, on the other hand, does in the form of localized and 

distributed generation, and by siting utility--scale projects on previously disturbed lands. 

It is time for Congress to protect recreation in the California desert, and they can do so by passing the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

Edward Waldheim is president of :Friends of El Mirage. 

http;/!WWw.des.ertdlspateh,comfartlcle/20150216!0PINION/1S02199S3 
22 


Insert graphic folio 41 98942A.018

~Hi-Desert Star 

Pecp/4 you kn""'' news you Clll1 trust slllt:fl 1957 

f1ttp:i/w;y_'!>',hidesertstar.com1QQ]_nion/le!ters to editor/article 953b84c6-b714-11e4-8cdf-c399c66ed5c5.html 

Preserving wild desert lands is a principle of faith 

Posted: Tuesday, February 17,2015 6:19pm 

By Mark Ross & Paul Gerkin Twentynine Palms 

Hi-Desert Star (Yucca Valley, CA) 

We recently had an opportunity to collaborate with the Desert Stewardship Project, a group that seeks to build 

interfaith partnerships to promote stewardship of California's deserts. We joined a trip they organized to Joshua Tree 

National Park for a local group of students to promote hiking and desert appreciation. These Christian children visited 

our park, many for their first time, to take in the amazing views provided by our creator. 

Recently, Pope Francis said if you are a Christian, protecting the environment is part of your identity, not an 

ideological option. 

Practicing this principle, the Desert Stewardship Project is facilitating opportunities for families and youth groups to 

visit their public lands, appreciate creation and enhance conservation awareness. As part of these outings, the 

participants discuss staying on the trails to reduce their impacts and picking up trash after lunches to keep wildlife 

safe and these areas beautiful. They conclude with spiritual reflection and prayer giving thanks for the daily beauty 

that surrounds us here in Yucca Valley. 

Coincidentally, last week, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 was introduced in Congress 

on behalf of many desert residents and organizations. The bill, just as is stated in the title, reflects the core value of 

conservation and recreational use of our shared public lands. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act would make additions to Joshua Tree, Death Valley and the 

Mojave National Preserve; establish new national monuments and wilderness areas; safeguard desert rivers; and 

protect the public's existing access for hunting, hiking, fishing, off-reading, camping, viewing wildlife and many other 

existing tourism and recreation activities. 

Morongo Basin residents have long understood the spiritual and recreational importance as well as the economic 

importance of protected public lands for our region. Visitors to Joshua Tree National Park alone in 2013 spent $63 

million, supporting 770 jobs. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act is supported by diverse stakeholders including business 

owners and chambers of commerce, off-road vehicle groups, veterans, local elected officials, conservation 

organizations and faith leaders, too. 

We applaud Senators Feinstein and Boxer, with support from other elected officials such as San Bernardino County 

Supervisor James Ramos, for taking steps to expand our local national parks and protect our spectacular desert 

heritage for our children and grandchildren. We owe it to future generations. 

Supporting this legislation and the diverse stakeholders who worked together to formulate it are steps of supporting 

the greater gifts of creation. 
23 


Insert graphic folio 42 98942A.019

As the teaching of Pope Francis continues, "A Christian who does not protect creation, who does not let it grow, is a 

Christian who does not care about the work of God; that work that was born from the love of God for us. And this is 

the first response to the first creation: protect creation, make it grow." 

These teachings are common to all of the world's great religions. In fact, both our religious and non-religious 

neighbors share the ethic of land stewardship and protecting the commons. It is inspiring to see people from all walks 

of life come together in the desert to ask and work with our leaders so that public policy reflects this ethic. 

We hope that our leaders in Washington, D.C., from Congress to the White House, work to pass the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act. 
24 


Insert graphic folio 43 98942A.020

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act is 

visionary legislation 

By Bob Leone Yucca Valley I Posted: Tuesday, February 10, 2015 8:27pm 

I have lived in Yucca Valley for 26 years and have served on the Yucca Valley Town Council for 

over 14 years, where I represented the interests of both Democrat and Republican constituents. Over 

the years, I've seen incredible changes to our desert communities and a shift toward an economy that 

is increasingly reliant on tourists who come to our area to experience dark night skies, beautiful 

vistas, abundant wildlife and unparalleled recreational opportunities. These tourists contribute to the 

well-being of our communities by supporting local business: They eat in our restaurants, sleep in our 

hotels and purchase gas and supplies. The benefits of recreational tourism are why communities 

throughout the Morongo Basin should support Senator Dianne Feinstein's recently reintroduced 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

The CDCRA would position the California desert to become one of the nation's premiere 

destinations for tourism. The bill would add lands to our desert national parks, create wilderness 

areas and wild and scenic river segments, designate two new national monuments and balance 

recreational needs by legislatively protecting five existing off-road vehicle areas, ensuring that future 

generations have a place to ride. Locally, it would enhance opportunities for recreational tourism by 

adding 4,500 area ofland to Joshua Tree National Park, protecting Black Lava Butte and Flat Top 

Mesa Area from future renewable energy proposals and allowing the National Park Service to 

purchase the Joshua Tree Visitor Center. 

The 4,500 acres that would be added to Joshua Tree National Park are Bureau of Land Management 

parcels along the park's northern border and lands the Mojave Desert Land Trust has purchased and 

wants to transfer to the park. These lands are valuable because they protect wildlife corridors and 

scenic viewsheds, but would also enhance our area's recreational opportunities. The park is already 

recognized as one of the most important recreational and economic drivers of our region: In 2013, 1.3 

million visitors to Joshua Tree National Park spent over $62 million in gateway communities and 

supported 770 full- and part-time jobs. 

Passage of the CDCRA would also create the Black Lava Buttes and Flat Top Mesa Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern, protecting beautiful volcanic buttes that frame the skyline near Pioneertown 

and are the last remnants of a vast lava field that covered the area 3 million years ago. Several years 

ago, this area was threatened by an industrial-scale wind farm which would have destroyed its scenic 

vistas and harmed valuable archaeological resources. The ACEC will protect the area's traditional 

recreational opportunities and these archaeological resources. 

Back in 2005, the Joshua Tree National Park Association purchased what is now the Joshua Tree 

Visitor Center property and remodeled and leased a portion of the space to the Joshua Tree National 
25 


Insert graphic folio 44 98942A.021

Park. The JT Visitor Center is now the most heavily used park visitor center and in fiscal year 2014 

received 208,668 tourists from around the globe. The center plays a critical role in educating visitors 

about safety, hikes, wildlife and weather during their visit to Joshua Tree. However, the substantial 

mmtgage of this property has diverted funds from the JTNPA's core mission, which is to fund and 

provide education about Joshua Tree National Park. The CDCRA would allow the federal 

government to purchase the center, allowing the J1NP A to develop and fund more educational and 

resource protection programs for the park. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act would enhance the Morongo Basin's 

visibility as a destination for recreational tourism. The bill would have real benefits for our 

communities and Joshua Tree National Park, and would further balance recreational needs in the 

California desert. I call upon communities and elected officials throughout the Morongo Basin to 

support this important and visionary legislation. 

Insert graphic folio 45 98942A.022

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27 


Insert graphic folio 46 98942A.023

@Hi-Desert Star 

PeophJ you know. nBWS you csn trust since 1957 

Progress is being made in the California desert 

By James Ramos San Bernardino County Supervisor, 3rd District I Posted: Tuesday, 

March 3, 2015 3:26pm 

Eanier in the month, Senator Diane Feinstein introduced the California Desert and Conservation Act of 2015. The 

proposed legislation, which is also co-sponsored by Senator Bartlara Boxer, provides amendments to the California 

Desert Protection Act of 1994. tt would increase protections for approximately 1.6 milion acres of desert landscape. 1>5 a 

representative of the desert region, I applaud the efforts made by both Senator Feinstein and Senator Boxer to protect 

our California desert. 

California has always been a destination for those appreciating the natural beauty and the majesty of the outdoors. The 

bill would designate several new wilderness areas to help protect mportant wateiWays like the Amargosa River and 

Deep Creek as Wild and Scenic Rivers, and establish the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. tt also establishes two 

new national monuments -the Mojave Trails and the Sand to Snow national monuments. 

A key benefit for the desert region is the boost in tts local economic benefit from increased tourism. The California 

desert is one of the top outdoor recreation locations in the Untted States and tts national parks alone bring nearly three 

million visttors each year. In 2011, travel dollars spent in California totaled $102.3 balion, money that translated into owr 

$30 billion in earnings for Calffornia businesses and 893,000 Californians who work in the travel sector and related 

industries. 

In eddttion, the conservation lands that wUI be protected by the CDCRA will provide outstanding support for the 

preservation of desert ecosystems. The new desert protection plan would protect approximately 400,000 acres forever by 

designating them as wilderness, which means they can ne11er be developed, mined or othetWise disturtled. Therefore, rare 

and endangered plant and animal species such as the desert tortoise and big horn sheep will benefit from the protection of 

their natural habttat. 

Another key benefi! of the CDCRA is that tt addresses the opportuntty for responsible development of renewable 

energy. The CDCRA areas are not part of the millions of acres being considered for renewable energy development 

under the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan. 

For years, California's natural wonders have been an important part of its economic health. We ha11e a unique 

opportunity to preserve and protect the desert heritage for future generations. 

I strongly urge members of Congress to support the legislation. 
28 


Insert graphic folio 47 98942A.024

THE SUN 

Desert protection bill offers a 

balanced approach 

By Chris Carrillo 

1·45 PM PDT 

OCOMMENTS 

Five years ago, the California Desert Protection Act of 2010 was introduced in the 

United States Senate. An effort to balance conservation, recreation and renewable 

energy development in the growing California desert, the bill received 150 endorsements 

of bi-partisan local leaders, chambers of commerce and off-highway vehicle and 

conservation groups. 

California's largest business advocacy group, the California Chamber of Commerce, 

supported the bill, precisely because its passage would raise the profile of the desert as a 

destination for tourism which benefits local economies. 

But Congress did not consider the legislation at that time. 

Today a very similar bill, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act, has 

been reintroduced in the current Congress and is gaining attention in San Bernardino 

County. 

In Washington, the push to move the legislation is viewed by many as the preferable 

approach to President Obama's unilateral use of the Antiquities Act, which the president 

could use to designate protection for parts of the bill. 

Locally, those same conversations are starting to occur. Congressman Paul Cook, taking 

a leadership role and recognizing the timeliness of the issue, recently mailed surveys to 

his constituents soliciting their feedback on whether they think he should introduce a 

bill in the House of Representatives supporting the largest provision of the legislation, 

the Mojave Trails National Monument. 

But with so much attention likely to be given to this bill over the next year, what exactly 

would the legislation protect and why should anyone consider supporting it? 

The Mojave Trails National Monument would protect the historical legacy of Route 66, 

the "Mother Road," which led travelers for decades into California before the 

construction of the Interstate Highway System. It would also protect existing 

recreational uses in the area, including off-road vehicle use on designated routes, rock 

hounding, horseback riding, hiking and camping. 

Our national parks, including Joshua Tree, Mojave National Preserve and Death Valley 

have a profound impact on our local economy. Not only do they attract regional and 
29 


Insert graphic folio 48 98942A.025

national visitation, but they are known for attracting international tourists who visit the 

California desert each year to experience something they can't experience at home: the 

intense terrain of the American desert. 

Legislation such as the proposed bill enhances the National Park experience and is 

valuable in its own right, but it also means an infusion of new tourism dollars 

supporting our local businesses. 

http:/ /www.sbsun.com/opinion/20150424/desert-protection-bill-offers-a-balanced-approach 
30 


Insert graphic folio 49 98942A.026

HESPERIA*STAR 

For veterans, California desert has special purpose 

By Dave McConnel! 

Earlier this year, Senator Dianne Feinstein introduced the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA) of 2015, which woUld increase 

protections for approximately 1.6 million acres of the desert. These areas are an important part of our local heritage and contribute to the economy. For these 

reasons, a diverse coalition of elected officials, business leaders, off~road groups, and eonservationists across the desert is strongly supporting this legislation. 

There's one other group that also is part of this coalition: veterans. I myself am a proud member of this group, having served in the United States Marine Corps 

and the United States Army. For us, the desert bas special meaning and purpose. 

Returning from oversees often is a challenging, overwhelming experience. We need to re-enter civilian life and all that encompasses - running errands, 

mov.ing the lawn, navigating traffic, and the like. The pristine, majestic desert is an escape in the truest sense of the word. If, and inevitably when, we feel 

overwhelmed by the transition back home, the desert is waiting for us. For those with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, the seclusion and beauty of the desert 

can be an integral part of their healing process. 

My fellow veterans and I take full advantage of its open space, trails and streams. Our time together in the desert, as brothers and sisters, affirms the 

importance of protecting and preserving these special lands. As a native of the desert, now raising kids here myself, I believe strongly that tl1is is a sacred duty. 

It connects us to our past and is a legacy we are privileged to pass on to future generations. 

And the CDCRA would help us build that legacy. It would establish two new national monuments - the Mojave Trails and the Sand to Snow National 

Monuments - and expand Joshua Tree and Death Valley National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. It would also designate several new wilderness 

areas, help protect important waterways like the Amargosa River and Deep Creek as Wild and Scenic Rivers, and establish the Alabama Hills National Scenie 

Area. 

Local leaders offered important input as the CDCRA \vas developed. Because of this, the legislation reflects the best interests of aU members of our diverse 

community. It offers a smart, balanced approach to protecting wilderness and also ensuring the public's access for recreation and tourism activities like hiking, 

camping, and off-roading. People of all ages from all backgrounds experience the joy oflife by engaging in these activities. 

Tourists, too, come from all over the world to see the incredible scenery and rich plant and animal life unique to our special region. They come to experience 

our pioneering and homesteading roots. 

And we should not take these visitors or their impact on our community, for granted. In San Bernardino County alone, visitor-generated tax receipts totaled 

$52.5 million in 2010. In 2013, visitors to Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve pumped $165 million into the 

region's economy, supporting nearly 2,000 jobs. These numbers show that the desert bas a vast impact on our economic future and quality of life. 

When I've needed it most, the desert has been there for me- and my fellow veterans. We heal and we find peace in the desert, We share stories and re-connect 

·with life in the desert. I encourage our local officials, including Congressman Paul Cook. to ensure it wt11 be there for others when they need it too. Continue 

supporting the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

Dave McConnell is a veteranoftheMarine CorpsandAnny who lives in Apple Valley. 

llttp:ltwww.llesper!ast~r.<:omf~rtlcle/2015C430/NEWSI15043$9ll4 
31 


Insert graphic folio 50 98942A.027

The Desert Sun 

Scott Robinson, Special to The Desert Sun., ;'' n May ?015 

Valley Voice: Our young benefit from parks 

creation 

Over the last year, two dozen children in the Boys & Girls Club of Cathedral City embarked on an epic 

adventure: to learn about and explore our public lands, including areas protected as national parks and 

wilderness areas by the California Desert Protection Act enacted over 20 years ago. 

On one field trip, we piled into vans and set out for Joshua Tree National Park, where the children scrambled 

over piles of boulders, saw Joshua trees up close, and looked at fossils to understand the desert's amazing 

geology. 

We learned about the animals that live in the Mojave Desert, including bighorn sheep and desert tortoises. Park 

rangers introduced the children to Bowser, a desert tortoise fresh out of hibernation who ambles across the 

desert floor for his favorite snack, the flowers of the desert willow. It was exciting to watch the children light up 

as they learned about our public land heritage in the best way possible- with their hands, eyes, and their own 

two feet. 

The Leaders in Training students in our project, which we've called "The Incredible Journey," were ages 11 to 

15-that crucial stage to teach them life skills and help them gain confidence in the world. They enjoyed the 

fresh air and exercising, which is a great way to battle childhood obesity problems in our community. 

Experiencing the outdoors is an important part of their development. 

That's what these lands were protected for under the California Desert Protection Act of 1994: so that these 

ecosystems and animals would be here for future generations to explore and enjoy. We were excited to learn 

that there is momentum in the California Desert to establish two new national monuments to further protect 

these special landscapes. 

We created a video of our many snapshots, interviews with park rangers, favorite recollections, and time with 

Bowser the desert tortoise into a film project, "The Incredible Journey." We were delighted when the Palm 

Springs Unified School District recognized the film at its annual Digicorn Film Festival. Our band of explorers 

was acknowledged for their work and creativity, and Congressman Raul Ruiz even created certificates to 

recognize each student. 

Here at the Boys & Girls Club, part of our mission is to help children find their gift and share it with the world. 

We feel this moment helped them along that path. In addition to exploring our public lands, they jumped into 

projects for Earth Day and water conservation as they learned about becoming stewards of our public 

resources. 

Sens. Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer recently introduced the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. The bill would establish a Mojave Trails National Monument and Sand to Snow 

National Monument, several new wilderness areas, add public lands to Joshua Tree, Death Valley, and Mojave 

National Preserve, and designate 77 miles of precious California waterways as Wild and Scenic Rivers. 

These lands contain Native American petroglyphs, mule deer, and the rugged desert vistas that our corner of 

the state is known for. I'm hopeful and inspired that future generations of children will have their own "Incredible 

Journeys" in these protected lands. I encourage our local legislators and congressmen Ruiz and Paul Cook to 

also be leaders on this important issue for our children. 

Scott Robinson is executive director of the Boys & Girls Club of Cathedral City. Email him 

at srobinson@bgcccity.org. 
32 


Insert graphic folio 51 98942A.028

DESERT 'I DISPATCH 

Dy \'l'i!liam Re.:ves 

Valley Voices: Feinstein bill will protect streams and rivers, too 

Earlier this year, Senator Dianne Feinstein introduced the california Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA} of 2015, which would increase 

protections for roughly 1.6 million acres of public lands in our desert region. Amongst its provisions, the CDCRA would establish the Mojave Trails and Sand to 

Snow National Monuments and protect 77 miles of streams and rivers. These vital waterways, mountain peaks, cactus gardens and wide open vistas are an 

important part of our local heritage. That's why a broad base of elected officials, outdoor enthusiasts, business leaders, and veterans across the desert is 

rallying behind this legislation. 

There's one other voice that also is stepping out in support of this effort: anglers. Protection for public lands, especially rivers and streams, is near and dear to 

any fisherman's heart. My family has had a summer home six miles from Deep Creek since 1933. For decades, my family has fished in the waters of Deep Creek, 

which runs north from the San Bernardino Mountains to feed into the Mojave River. Here you can find rainbow trout, brown trout, bass and crappie. 

It's not just the waters that are special, but the lands around them too. There's a Native American site with a chair like rode. and a metates bowl carved into stone 

for grinding acorns- you can sit there and imagine that hundreds of years ago it was used to make acorn flour. Beavers still make their homes here, and deer 

congregate in certain spots on the river. 

In my life, I've seen how special places and lands have been degraded. That's why I support the protections and resources Senator Feinstein's bill will bring to 

these lands- resources such as proper facilities for people, so we can visit without over-impacting the land. 

Anglers often see challenges to our streams and rivers far before other sportsmen. For the 71 miles of freshwater streams and rivers being considered for 

protection in Feinstein's bill, including Deep Creek, aquatic insects like caddisflies are the foundation of the food chain. These insects need pure, dean water to 

survive. And without those insects, you can't have trout or other fish. 

Healthy fish support larger animals in the food chain from large birds to bears- and also anglers enjoying a day on the river. ff the water isn't clean enough for 

the fish, it isn't clean enough for the rest of us either. That's why a number of anglers and other sportsmen formed the Fisheries Resource Volunteer Corps over 

2.0 years ago. We monitor the health of rivers and streams in our region to help prevent degradation. 

Beautiful lands and clean streams bring in rich economic benefits to the regioa Sportsmen and tourists come from all over the world to see the scenery and 

animal life unique to the california desert. They come to find adventure and solitude. In San Bernardino County alone, visitor..generated tax receipts totaled 

$52.5 million in 2010. In 2013, visitors to Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve pumped $165 million into the 

region's economy, supporting nearly 2,ooo jobs. These numbers show that our public lands are an important part of our economic future and quality of life. 

These days when I go to Deep Creek, I often bring my grandkids. I point out the moving sticks at the bottom of the stream that are actually aquatic insects in 

disguise, teach them the basics of angling, and wade with them in the cool waters. I hope these waterways and lands will be protected for them to enjoy many 

years into the future. I encourage all of our leaders, from local officials to Rep. Paul Cook and Senator Feinstein to the White House, to ensure these public 

lands will be there for future generations by supporting the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

William Reeves is a volunteer with the Fisheries Resource Volunteer Corps. 

http;/lwww,desertdlspatch.comlartlcfeJ2'1)1SI>710!0PINION/1507199S1 
33 


Insert graphic folio 52 98942A.029

Co 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

SH-331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

Board of Supervisors 

District 1 

District 2 

Dlstrlct3 

Dlstrlct4 

DistrictS 

Kevin Jeffries 

951-955-1010 

John F. Tavagllone 

951-955-1020 

Charles Washington 

951-955-1 030 

John Benoit 

951-955-1040 

Marlon Ashley 

951-955-1050 

May20, 2015 

I have sent the enclosed letters on behalf of the Riverside County Board of Supervisors to 

Chairwoman Murkowski and Ranking Minority Member Cantwell of the Energy and Natural 

Resources Committee, urging them to take action on S. 414, the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act. The Board voted unanimously to support the legislation at its meeting on 

May 19. 

Thank you for sponsoring S. 414. The proposal is a significant enhancement to the California 

Protection Act of 1994, and would provide for the conservation of Federal land and waterways, 

designate national monuments, and enhance recreational opportunities. At the same time, it 

would protect California's desert heritage for future generations, ensure continued military 

activities, and protect existing mining interests. In Riverside County, S. 414 would enlarge 

Joshua Tree National Park by 500 acres and protect more than 28 miles of the Whitewater River 

as a Wild and Scenic River. It would also create the approximately 135,000 acre Sand to Snow 

National Monument between Joshua Tree National Park and the San Bernardino National 

Forest The bill would expand tourism locally and bring important economic benefits to the 

Riverside County region. 

Please work with your colleagues who serve on the committee to expedite consideration of the 

California Desen Conservation and Recreation Act, and thank you once again for sponsoring 

this important legislation. 

TPW:jaw 

Enclosures 

Sincerely yours, 

Thomas P. Walters 

Washington Representative 

25 Massachusetts Avenue, N.W., Suite 570, Washington, D.C. 20001 (202) 737-7523 
34 


Insert graphic folio 53 98942A.030

RAYMOND "RAY" CASTILLO 

SUPERVISOR-DISTRICT 5 

940 MAIN STREET, SUITE 209 

EL CENTRO, CA 92243 

December 3, 2014 

Congressman Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Congressman Cook: 

BUS: (760) 482-4220 

BUS: (760) 482-4305 

FAX: (760) 482-4215 

E-MAIL: raycasti!lo@co imperia!.ca us 

I am writing to you regarding the California Desert Protection Act (CDPA). Imperial County has be.en engaged in 

efforts to renew the Act for several years now and has a great interest in its continued success. As we look 

ahead to the 115th Congress, we urge you to support amendments to the CDPA that would ensure that 

California's desert land is protected for generations to come. 

As you are likely aware, Senator Dianne Feinstein is planning to introduce legislation early in 2015 that would 

build upon the success of the CDPA. The bill, which will be entitled the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act, has been drafted to ensure that certain unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically 

significant, culturally important, and scenic areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area 

(COCA) remain that way. Imperial County is pleased to have had the opportunity to work with Senator 

Feinstein's staff and other parties to ensure that the legislation would allow for the preservation of historical 

uses for all who want to enjoy our superior desert vistas, recreational opportunities, as well as the other unique 

qualities of our desert. 

As you know, the issues and areas of interest within Imperial County differ somewhat from those in the 

northern part of the COCA; however, the desire to balance the various perspectives on our beautiful, diverse 

desert is something we can agree is very critical. With this as a guiding principle, the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act attempts to strike the right balance in the interest of preserving our desert 

areas for the continued benefit and enjoyment of its residents and visitors. 

Again, I respectfully request your support for efforts to renew and strengthen the CDPA. With so many 

questioning the ability to move important legislative matters in Washington, I am hopeful that the California 

Desert Conservation ond Recreation Act could be a bridge to bring people together for the benefit of our 

California desert. 

Thank you for your consideration of this request. I am available should you or your staff have any questions. 

Sincerely, 

Raymond Castillo, Supervisor, District 5 

cc: Congressman Juan Vargas 

AN EQUAL OPPORTilNITY f AFFJRMATTVE ACTION EMPLOYER 
35 


Insert graphic folio 54 98942A.031

RESOLUTION NO. 2015-10 

A RESOLUTION OF THE TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY 

SUPPORTING WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE 

ADDITIONS IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT 

WHEREAS, Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 to ensure that certain unique, undeveloped, 

ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic areas of public 

land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, wild 

and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave 

National Preserve and BLM administered wilderness and natural areas in the California 

desert are an important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, 

economic, and social identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for 

surrounding area businesses through local employment, tax revenues, and visitor 

spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have 

been shown to increase tourism and attract new residents. thereby generating 

substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local employment and 

tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior 

desert and mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark 

night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock 

climbing, photography, camping, off-reading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and 

nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that 

future generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass 

steep mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, 

including the proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the 

proposed Golden Valley, Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness 

additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, 

Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle 

Mountains addition to the Mojave National Preserve; wilderness additions to Death 

Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, and Surprise Canyon 

wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 
36 


Insert graphic folio 55 98942A.032

Town Council Staff Report 

Page2 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Town of Apple Valley endorses 

and supports the designation of wilderness. the designation of wild and scenic rivers, 

the National Park and Preserve wilderness additions within the California Desert 

Conservation Area, and the Sand to Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails 

National Monument. 

AND FURTHERMORE the Town of Apple Valley will transmit this signed 

resolution to the office of Senator Dianne Feinstein and to Congressman Paul Cook 

who represent us in Congress. 

APPROVED and ADOPTED by the Town Council of the Town of Apple Valley 

this 141

h day of April, 2015. · 
37 


Insert graphic folio 56 98942A.033

Town of Apple Valley 

Resolution No. 2015-10 

STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO 

TOWN OF APPLE VALLEY 

I, LA VONDA M-PEARSON, Town Clerk for the Town of Apple Valley, Apple 

Valley, California, do hereby certify that Resolution No. 2015-10, duly and regularly 

adopted by the Town Council at a meeting thereof held on the 14'h day of April, 2015 by 

the following vote: 

AYES: 

NOES: 

ABSTAIN: 

ABSENT: 

Council Members Bishop, Emick, Nassif, Mayor Pro Tern Stanton, 

Mayor Cusack. 

None. 

None. 

None. 

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and affixed the official 

seal of the Town of Apple Valley, California, this JS'h day of April, 2015 

By: 

LA VONDA M-PEARSON, CMC 

TOWN CLERK 

Yvonne 

~~ Rivera, Deputy 

(SEAL) 
38 


Insert graphic folio 57 98942A.034

RESOLUTION NO. 23851 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF 

PALM SPRINGS, CALIFORNIA, SUPPORTING 

WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, NATIONAL 

MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE 

ADDITIONS JN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT 

CONSERVATION AND RECREATION ACT OF 2015. 

WHEREAS, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer have introduced the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 (8414) that certain unique, 

undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic 

areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as 

wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and 

Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designations will contribute to our region's superior 

desert and mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark 

night skies; providing local residents and visitors with opportunities for many 

recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, photography, 

camping, off-roading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; ensuring 

these attributes for future generations; and 

WHEREAS, national park and wilderness designations are an important 

component of the City of Palm Springs historic, cultural, economic, and social identity, 

and generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area businesses through 

local employment; tax revenues; visitor spending; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass 

steep mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes 

including the proposed Sand to Snow National Monument; Whitewater Wild and Scenic 

River; and additions to Joshua Tree National Park. 

THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM SPRINGS DOES HEREBY 

RESOLVE that the City Council of Palm Springs endorses and supports the designation 

of wilderness, the designation of wild and scenic rivers, the National Park and Preserve 

wilderness additions within the California Desert Conservation Area, and the Sand to 

Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails National Monument, all as proposed 

within the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 (S414). 

ADOPTED THIS 15T DAY OF JULY, 2015. 
39 


Insert graphic folio 58 98942A.035

Resolution No. 23851 

Page2 

STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) 

COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE ) ss. CITY OF PALM SPRINGS ) 

CERTIFICATION 

I, JAMES THOMPSON. City Clerk of the City of Palm Springs, hereby certify that 

Resolution No. 23851 is a full, true and correct copy, and was duly adopted at a regular 

meeting of the City Council of the City of Palm Springs on the 1st day of July, 2015, by 

the following vote: 

AYES: 

NOES: 

ABSENT: 

ABSTAIN: 

Councilmember Foat, Councilmember Hutcheson, Councilmember Mills, 

Mayor Pro Tern Lewin, and Mayor Pougnet. 

None. 

None. 

None. 
40 


Insert graphic folio 59 98942A.036

RESOLUTION 2015·16 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF 

CATHEDRAL CITY, SUPPORTING THE CALIFORNIA DESERT 

CONSERVATION AND RECREATION ACT 2015 

WHEREAS, Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 that certain unique, undeveloped, ecologically 

and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic areas of public land within 

the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, wild and scenic 

rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, the Mojave National Preserve and BLM administered wilderness 

and natural areas in the high desert are an important component of our community's 

historic, cultural, economic, and social identity, and generate substantial economic 

benefit for surrounding area businesses through local employment; tax revenues; visitor 

spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation has 

been shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating 

substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local employment and 

tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior 

desert and mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark 

night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock 

climbing, photography, camping, off-roading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and 

nature study; and · 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that 

future generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass 

steep mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, 

including the proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails National Monument; the 

proposed Golden Valley, Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness 

additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, 

Milpitas Wash wilderness area;, additions to Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle 

Mountains addition to the Mojave National Preserve; wilderness additions to Death 

Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, and Surprise Canyon 

wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Cathedral City endorses 

and supports the designation of wilderness, the designation of wild and scenic rivers, 

the National Park and Preserve wilderness additions within the California Desert 
41 


Insert graphic folio 60 98942A.037

Conservation Area, and the Sand to Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails 

National Monument. 

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the City Council 

of the City of Cathedral City held on this 251

h day of March 2015, by the following vote: 

Ayes: ctu~1\ 11..\tml?evs CC\mevetle. anti! \W.'\)lCt\ti ;rnwov Bv Tem 

R+ti -s etnd. i4;;\;; cv W=n "'/ J 

Noes: It>-

Abstain: 0 

APPROVED AS TO FORM: 
42 


Insert graphic folio 61 98942A.038

RESOLUTION NO 2015· 010 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF DESERT HOT 

SPRINGS SUPPORTING WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE ADDITIONS 

IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT 

WHEREAS, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer have introduced the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414) to ensure that certain 

unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important. and scenic 

areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, 

wild and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National 

Preserve and BLM administered wilderness and natural areas in the California desert are an 

important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, economic, and social 

identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area businesses through 

local employment, tax revenues, and visitor spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have been 

shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating substantial economic 

benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, off-reading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to 

Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the Mojave National Preserve; 

wilderness additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, 

and Surprise Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City of Desert Hot Springs endorses 

the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 including the designation of 

National Monuments, Wilderness Areas, Wild and Scenic Rivers, National Park and Preserve, 

Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, and National Scenic Area identified within the 

legislation. 

AND FURTHERMORE the City of Desert Hot Springs will transmit this signed resolution 

to the office of Senator Dianne Feinstein, Senator Barbara Boxer, and to Congressman Raul 

Ruiz, who represent us in Congress. 

Resolution No. 2015- 010 

Date Adopted: April 7, 2015 

Page 1 of2 
43 


Insert graphic folio 62 98942A.039

PASSED AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Desert Hot Springs at a Regular 

meeting held on the 7th day of April, 2015, by the following vote: 

AYES: 4- Betts; Matas; McKee; and Pye. 

NAYS: None. 

ABSENT: 1 - Mayor Sanchez. 

ABSTAIN: None. 

ATTEST: 

~ 

APPROVED: 

Russell Betts, Mayor Pro Tern 
44 


Insert graphic folio 63 98942A.040

RESOLUTION NO. 2015-10 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF 

COACHELLA SUPPORTING WILDJ<:RNESS, WILD AND SCENIC 

RIVERS, NATIONAL MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND 

PRESERVE ADDITIONS AND RENEWAL ENERGIES IN THE 

CALIFORNIA DESERT. 

WHEREAS, Senators Diaru1e Feinstein and Barbara Boxer have introduced the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414) to ensure that certain 

unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic 

areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, 

wild and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions and 

including provisions for renewal energy transportation corridors (S. 414 text is attached herein as 

Attachment A"); and, 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National 

Preserve and BLM administered wilderness and natural areas in the Califomia desert are an 

important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, economic, and social 

identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area businesses through local 

employment, tax revenues, and visitor spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and, 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have been 

shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating substantial economic 

benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax revenue; and, 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies; and, 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will pr0vide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, off-reading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; and, 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and, 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains; Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to 

Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the Mojave National' Preserve; 

wilderness additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, 

and Surprise Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 
45 


Insert graphic folio 64 98942A.041

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the City Council of the City of 

Coachella: 

SECTION 1. The City of Coachella endorses the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015 including the designation of National Monuments, Wildemess Areas, 

Wild and Scenic Rivers, National Park and Preserve, Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, 

and National Scenic Area identified withiri the legislation. 

SECTION 2. Based on the entire record before the City Council and all written and oral 

evidence presented, in 

AND FURTHERMORE the City of Coachella City Clerk will transmit this signed 

resolution to the office of Senator Dianne Feinstein, Senator Barbara Boxer, and to Congressman 

Raul Ruiz, who represent us in Congress. 

PASSED AND ADOPTED this 22"d day of April, 20 I 5, by the following vote: 

A YES: Councilmember Martinez, Councilmember Sanchez, Councilmember Zepeda, and 

Mayor Hernandez. 

NOES: None. 

ABSENT: Mayor Pro Tem Perez 

ABSTAIN: None. 

ATTEST: 

City 

Bea~ of Coachella 

APPROVED AS TO FORM 
46 


Insert graphic folio 65 98942A.042

STATE OF CALIFORNIA ) 

COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE ) ss 

CITY OF COACHELLA ) 

I, Beatrice Barajas, City Clerk of the City of Coachella, do hereby certify that the 

foregoing is a full, true and correct copy of Resolution No. 2015-10 adopted by the City Council 

at a regular meeting therefore duly held and convened on the 22"d day of April, 2015. 

Be~ 
47 


Insert graphic folio 66 98942A.043

EXHIBIT "A" 

8.414- California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 

The full text of the Congressional Bill S. 414 is available at the following web link: 

https://www.congress.gov/bill/114th-congress/senate-bill/414/text 
48 


Insert graphic folio 67 98942A.044

RESOLUTION NO. 2015-23 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY 

OF CALIMESA, CALIFORNIA SUPPORTING 

WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND 

PRESERVE ADDITIONS IN THE CALIFORNIA 

DESERT 

WHEREAS, Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 (S.414} to ensure that certain unique, undeveloped, 

ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic areas of public land 

within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, wild and scenic 

rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National 

Preserve and BLM administered wilderness and natural areas in the California desert are an 

important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, economic, and social 

identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area businesses through 

local employment, tax revenues, and visitor spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have been 

shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating substantial economic 

benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute will contribute to our region's 

superior desert and mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark 

night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will. provide local resident and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, off-reading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness area; additions to 

Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains additions to the Mojave National Preserve; 

wilderness additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, 

and Surprise Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the City Council of the City of Calimesa 

endorses and supports the designation of wilderness, the designation of wild and scenic rivers, 

the National Park and Preserve wilderness additions within the California Desert Conservation 

Area, and the Sand to Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails National Monument. 
49 


Insert graphic folio 68 98942A.045

AND FURTHERMORE the City of Calimesa will transmit this signed resolution to the 

office of Senator Dianne Feinstein and to Congressmen Ruiz, who represent us in Congress. 

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 6"' day of July, 2015. 

ATTEST: 
50 


Insert graphic folio 69 98942A.046

STATE OF CALIFORNIA } 

COUNTY OF RIVERSIDE } SS. 

CITY OF CALIMESA } 

I, DARLENE GERDES, City Clerk of the City of Calimesa, California, DO HEREBY 

CERTIFY, that the aforementioned is a true and correct copy of Resolution No. 2015-23 

known as: 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CALIMESA, 

CALIFORNIA SUPPORTING WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS, NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE ADDITIONS 

IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT 

And which is on file in the Office of the City Clerk, City of Calimesa 

California. 

Said Resolution was adopted by the said City Council at a regular meeting thereof 

held on the 61

h day of July 2015 by the following vote: 

AYES: Hyatt, Mcintire and Zanowic 

NOES: Davis 

ABSENT: Hewitt 

ABSTAINED: None Q, . 1 

~-ENEGER~ I rLU 11\, ' n l/J..J 

Dated this ih day of July 2015. 
51 


Insert graphic folio 70 98942A.047

OFfiCE OF TH€ 01Y MANAGER 

RANDAl 1<. BVNOE:R 

May 26,2015 

U.S. Senator Dianne Feinstein 

331 Senate Hart Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510-0504 

Re: S. 414, California Desert and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

Please accept this letter as the City of Rancho Mirage's support for your legislation to 

protect the California desert through your bill S. 414, the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act of 2015 (CDCRA). 

In order to protect California's valuable and irreplaceable resources, CDCRA updates 

the California Desert Protection Act of 1994 and will protect 1 . 1 million acres of land by 

establishing two new national monuments, designating five permanent Off-Highway 

Vehicle recreation areas, and balancing renewable energy development with the 

environment. 

In particular, the City supports the Sand to Snow National Monument envisioned in the 

legislation which will protect the rich natural heritage of lands from San Gorgonio Peak 

to the desert floor, including Big Morongo Canyon. The proposed Sand to Snow 

National Monument would provide for protection and cohesive management of the 

dramatic landscapes that form the northwestern boundary of the Coachella Valley 

and provide a scenic backdrop to our desert communities. Some of the lands within 

the proposed National Monument are also within the Reserve System for the 

Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP). 

The lands that are part of the proposed Sand to Snow National Monument include 

some of the most spectacular outdoor recreation areas in this part of California. 

CDCRA would preserve and enhance the extensive recreational and environmental 

education opportunities- hiking, backpacking, camping, fishing, hunting, horseback 

riding, and birding- in this spectacular landscape. These activities can translate into 

economic benefrts and eco-tourism opportunities for the Coachella Valley and 

surrounding areas. The proposed monument area includes habitat for diverse wildlife 

including deer, bighorn sheep, desert tortoise and many migratory birds. 

The City also supports the proposal for Wild and Scenic River designations of stream 

and river segments within the proposed monument area - including the Whitewater 

Alll'1ln!ITRATION 

.aJ. 1.760.324.4511 

Fax. 1.760.324.8830 

D€11€l.OI>M€NT IOVIC<:; FU1ANC€: 

Tel. 1.760.324.4511 TeL !.760.770.3207 

Fax. 1.760.202.4792 Fax 1.760.324.0528 

HOU<ING i>UilUC UllRARV 

Tel. 1.760.n0.3210 Tel. 1.760.341.7323 

Fax. 1.760.324.1617 Fax. l.i60.341.5213 

i>UllliC WORKI 

Tel. 1.760.770.3224 

Fax. 1.7SO.n0.326f 

69·825 HIGHWAY 111 I RANCHO MIR~G€:. CA 92270 

www.RanchoMirageCA.gov www.RelaxRanchoMirage.com 
52 


Insert graphic folio 71 98942A.048

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

S. 414 California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of20 IS 

Ma 26 2015 

Page2of2 

River - as well as the proposed additions to the San Gorgonio Wilderness and Joshua 

Tree National Park. 

The City recognizes the efforts you have made to balance, conservation, recreation 

and renewable energy development in the California desert with the CDCRA. Thank 

you for your efforts to establish the CDCRA including the Sand to Snow National 

Monument. It will complement the conservation goals of the Coachella Valley Multiple 

Species Habitat Conservation Plan of which the City is a permittee. 

Finally, as you may know, the City of Rancho Mirage has long supported 

conservation efforts in and around the Coachella Valley. Stretching back at least 

as far as 1988, the City has passed resolutions and sent support letter to 

preserve our local mountains and the establishment of the Santa Rosa 

Mountains National Monument. The City's actions to preserve the mountains 

above the City were the catalysUgenesis for the establishment of the Coachella 

Valley Mountains Conservancy and we are proud of that heritage. 

c. Rancho Mlraga City Council 

Coachella Valley Association of Governments 
53 


Insert graphic folio 72 98942A.049

RESOLUTION NO. 2015- _2Q_ 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF PALM DESERT 

SUPPORTING THE CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AND RECREATION 

ACT OF 2015 (S. 414) 

WHEREAS, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer have introduced the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414) to ensure that certain 

unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic 

areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, 

wild and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National 

Preserve and Bureau of Land Management administered wilderness and natural areas in the 

California desert are an important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, 

economic, and social identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area 

businesses through local employment, tax revenues, and visitor spending on meals, lodging, 

and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have been 

shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating substantial economic 

benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, off-roading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to 

Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the Mojave National Preserve; 

wilderness additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, 

and Surprise Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED THAT THE CITY OF PALM DESERT 

ENDORSES THE CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AND RECREATION ACT 

OF 2015, INCLUDING THE DESIGNATION OF NATIONAL MONUMENTS, 
54 


Insert graphic folio 73 98942A.050

Resolution No. 2015-50 

WILDERNESS AREAS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, NATIONAL PARK AND 

PRESERVE, AREAS OF CRITICAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONCERN, AND NATIONAL 

SCENIC AREA IDENTIFIED WITHIN THE LEGISLATION. 

AND FURTHERMORE the City of Palm Desert will transmit this signed resolution to the office of 

Senator Dianne Feinstein, Senator Barbara Boxer, and to Congressman Raul Ruiz, who 

represent us in Congress. 

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Palm 

Desert, California, on this 11th day of June, 2015, by the following vote, to wit: 

AYES: BARNIK, JO!IATJIAN, SPIEGEL, TANIIER, & WEBER 

NOES: NONE 

ABSENT: NONE 

ABSTAIN: NONE 

Susan Marie Weber, Mayor 

ATTEST: 
55 


Insert graphic folio 74 98942A.051

CITY OF PALM DESERT 

OFFICE OF THE CITY MANAGER 

STAFF REPORT 

REQUEST: CONSIDERATION TO APPROVE A RESOLUTION SUPPORTING THE 

CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AND RECREATION ACT OF 

2015 (S.414). 

SUBMITIED BY: Stephen Y. Aryan, Risk Manager 

DATE: June 11,2015 

CONTENTS: S. 4141nforrnational Documentation 

Draft Resolution 

Recommendation 

By Minute Motion, approve the attached resolution supporting the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414). 

Commission Recommendation 

The Palm Desert legislative Review Committee, at the time this report was prepared, has not 

reviewed this matter, as they are scheduled to meet on June 5, 2015. 

Background 

Senator Dianne Feinstein and Senator Barbara Boxer introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414). The legislation would ensure that certain 

unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and 

scenic areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as 

wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve. 

These areas include the proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails National Monument; the 

proposed Golden Valley, Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the 

Great Falls Basin, Avawatz Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash 

wilderness area; additions to Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the 

Mojave National Preserve; wilderness additions to Death Valley National Park; the 

Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, and Surprise Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat 

Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills 

National Scenic Area .. 

The Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National Preserve and 

Bureau of land Management administered wilderness and natural areas in the high desert 

are an important component of our region's historic, cultural, economic, and social identity. 

They generate substantial economic benefit for surrounding area businesses through local 

employment, tax revenues, and visitor spending on meals, lodging, and supplies. 
56 


Insert graphic folio 75 98942A.052

Resolution-California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 

June 11, 2015 

Page2 of2 

The proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior desert and mountain vistas, 

air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies. Protected public lands 

also provide local residents and visitors with opportunities for many recreational activities. 

As protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future generations can 

enjoy them tomorrow as we do today, staff recommends approving a resolution supporting 

the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414). 

Fiscal Analysis 

There is no direct fiscal impact related to the City's support of the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (S. 414). 

CITYCOUNCJLACI'ION 

APPROVED ~ D~----------

RECE~ OTHER---------
57 


Insert graphic folio 76 98942A.053

RESOLUTION NO. 2015R--'3=3 __ 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF 

CHINO HILLS, SUPPORTING WILDERNESS, WILD AND 

SCENIC RIVERS, NATIONAL MONUMENTS, AND 

NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE ADDITIONS IN THE 

CALIFORNIA DESERT 

WHEREAS, Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 to ensure that certain unique, undeveloped, 

ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic areas of public 

land within the California Desert Conservation Area are preserved as wilderness, wild 

and scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave 

National Preserve and BLM administered wilderness and natural areas in the California 

desert are an important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, 

economic, and social identity, and generate substantial economic benefit for 

surrounding area businesses through local employment, tax revenues, and visitor 

spending on meals, lodging, and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national park and wilderness designation have 

been shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby generating 

substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local employment and 

tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior 

desert and mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark 

night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock 

climbing, photography, camping, off-reading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and 

nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that 

future generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

. WHEREAS, P.reserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass 

steep mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, 

including the proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the 

proposed Golden Valley, Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness 

additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, 

Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to Joshua Tree National Park; the Castle 

Mountains addition to the Mojave National Preserve; wilderness additions to Death 

Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, and Surprise Canyon 

1 of3 
58 


Insert graphic folio 77 98942A.054

wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF CHINO HILLS 

DOES RESOLVE, DETERMINE, AND ORDER AS FOLLOWS: 

SECTION 1. The City of Chino Hills endorses and supports the designation of 

wilderness, the designation of wild and scenic rivers, the National Park and Preserve 

wilderness additions within the California Desert Conservation Area, and the Sand to 

Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails National Monument. 

SECTION 2. That the City Clerk is hereby directed to send this signed resolution 

to the office of Senator Dianne Feinstein and to Congressmen Ed Royce, who represent 

us in Congress. 

SECTION 3. The City Clerk shall certify as to the adoption of this resolution. 

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this 23rd day of June 2015. 

ATIEST: 

C~RK APPROVED AS TO FORM: 

2of3 
59 


Insert graphic folio 78 98942A.055

STATE OF CALIFORNIA 

COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO 

CITY OF CHINO HILLS 

§ 

I, Cheryl Balz, City Clerk of the City of Chino Hills, DO HEREBY CERTIFY that the 

foregoing Resolution No. 2015R-33 was duly adopted at a regular meeting of the City 

Council of the City of Chino Hills held on the 23rd day of June, 2015, by the following roll 

call vote, to wit: 

AYES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: MORAN, BENNETT, GRAHAM, 

MARQUEZ, AND ROGERS 

NOES: COUNCIL MEMBERS: NONE 

ABSENT: COUNCIL MEMBERS: NONE 

(SEAL) 

CHE~ 

3of3 
60 


Insert graphic folio 79 98942A.056

l?/10/2015 FR! ~~ 19 ?AX 

July9,2015 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein . United States Senate 

11111 Santa Monica Blvd., Suite 915 

los Angeles, CA 90025 

RE: 5.414- Ca\!fornlo Dasen Conservation qnd Recrtctlcn Art of 2015 

Notice of Support: 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The City of La Quinta supports 5.414 - CaUfornlo Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. Our rational is thot this Act wHI preserve desert 

landscapes that are an important part of America's natural and cultural 

heritage, contribute to the regional economy, and ore a shared resource that 

the public enjoys through numerous recreation activities. In addition, the 

diverse topography supports a variety of plont and cnlmal species, lnc:luding the desert tortoise and desert bighorn sheep. 

The City supports permanent protection for California's spectacular desert 

heritage for future generations. We are pleased to see that your plan would 

designate several new wilderness areas, create two new national monuments, 

expand Joshua Tree and Death Valley Notional Parks and the Mojave National 

Preserve, and designate important rivers as wild and ~cenic. If you have any questions, please feel free to colt me at (760) 777-7030. 

liNDA 

Sincerely, 

~~ 

EVANS, Mayor 

City of La Quinto 

c: Lo Quinta City Council 

78-495 CaUe Tampico I li ouinto I Ca!il'om!a 922S3 I 16!1.171.1000 I WWW,Lili)Ulnta.or& 
61 


Insert graphic folio 80 98942A.057

• 

Mayor L. DENNIS MICHAEL • Mayf»' Pro Um SAM SPAGNOLO 

Coundl Mtmbm WILLIAM]. ALEXANDER. LYNNE B. KENNEDY, DIANE WtLUAMS 

City Ma11!1gtr joH:N R. GILLISON 

' ____________________________ T_H_E __ C_IT_Y __ O_F_R_A_N_C_H_o __ C_u_c_A_M_O_N_G_A 

RANCHO 

CucAMONGA 

September 16, 2015 

President Barack Obama 

The White House 

1600 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 

Washington, D.C. 20500 

Dear Mr. President: 

Earlierthis year, Senator Feinstein introduced S.414, The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Actof2015, which, 

among other items, includes the designation of the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Sand to Snow National 

Monument. The conservation and recreation portion of the California Desert and Conservation Act will improve protection 

for approximately 1.6 million acres of federal land while ensuring that public access and recreational use of the desert can 

continue for generations to come. It is for these reasons that the City of Rancho Cucamonga SUPPORTS S.414. 

Recently, Senator Feinstein submitted a request to the White House to designate these two proposed national 

monuments, as well as a third Castle Mountains National Monument under the Antiquities Act of 1906. All three of these 

proposed national monuments are wholly or partially within San Bernardino County. The City of Rancho Cucamonga also 

SUPPORTS Senator Feinstein's request for the national monument designations, however, the City urges that a robust 

public outreach process be conducted and that any potential impediments to mining activity be addressed BEFORE any 

such designations are made. 

It is our understanding that the County of San Bernardino has expressed its concerns that the designation of a national 

monument may withdraw lands from mineral entry. We also share these same concerns. San Bernardino County 

regulates more than 100 mines which produce dozens of minerals. The mining industry supports thousands of well-paying 

jobs and helps support the local economy. We support protection of all existing and vested rights and protection of 

reasonable access for mining. 

Secondly, before any national monument designation occurs by Executive Order, we respectfully request that a thorough 

public outreach process be engaged in order to gather critical input from affected jurisdictions, communities, tribes, 

agencies and stakeholder groups. Outreach should include public meetings held in affected communities, opportunities 

for the submission of formal comments, and collection of stakeholder feedback on the economic impact and 

environmental impact studies. 

The efforts of Senator Feinstein and her staff in reaching out to a variety of stakeholders while developing the California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act is greatly appreciated. We are optimistic that this spirit of inclusion and 

participation will continue as your Administration considers the national monument designations. 

10500 Civk Center Dr. • P.O. Box 807 • Rancho Cucamonga, CA 91729·0807 • Tel (90?) 477-2700 • Fax (909) 477-2849 • www.CiryofRC.us ® 
62 


Insert graphic folio 81 98942A.058

President Barack Obama 

September 16, 2015 

Page2 

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact Fabian Villenas, Principal Management Analyst, at (909) 477-2700, 

extension 2006 or at Fabian.Villenas@CityofRC.us. 

Respectfully, 

~-~# 

l. Dennis Michael 

Mayor 

cc: Senator Dianne Feinstein 

Congressman Pete Aguilar 

Josh Candelaria, Legislative Director, San Bernardino County 
63 


Insert graphic folio 82 98942A.059

RESOLUTION NO. 201S~31 

A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF INDIAN WELLS, 

CAUFORNIA, SUPPORTING THE CAUFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION 

AND RECREATION ACT OF 2015 (S. 414) 

WHEREAS, Senators Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer have introduced the California 

Desert ConseNation and Recreation Act of 2015 (U.S. Senate Bill No. 414) to ensure that certain 

unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and scenic areas 

of public land within the california Desert ConseNation Area are preseNed as wilderriess, wild and 

scenic rivers, national monuments, and National Park and PreseNe additions; and 

WHEREAS, Joshua Tree National Park, Death Valley National Park, Mojave National 

PreseNe and Bureau of Land Management administered wildemess....and Jlatural areas in the 

California desert are an important component of our community's and region's historic, cultural, 

economic, and social identity, and generate substi:intiai -economlc "beriefiCfor 5urroundlog area 

businesses through local employment, tax revenues; and visitor spendingurr-meafs,·iodging;·and 

supplies; and · ... ----· .. -· •. 

WHEREAS, national monuments, national-park and wildemess~deSigriation have oeen 

shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, thereby'generating substantial economic 

benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax revenue; and 

WHEREAS, the proposed designation will contribute to our region's superior desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies; and 

WHEREAS, protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with 

opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, off-roading, wildlife viewing, scientific research, and nature study; and 

WHEREAS, protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations can enjoy them tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS, preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons, free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes, including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails national monuments; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass, Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness areas; additions to Joshua 

Tree National Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the Mojave National PreseNe; wilderness 

additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa, Deep Creek, Whitewater, and Surprise 

Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical Environmental 

Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE, the City Council of the City of Indian Wells RESOLVES as follows: 

SECTION 1· The City Coundl ENDORSES the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015, including the designation of National Monuments, Wilderness Areas, Wild 

and Scenic Rivers, National Park and PreseNe, Areas of Critical Environmental Concern, and 

National Scenic Area identified within the Legislation. 
64 


Insert graphic folio 83 98942A.060

City of Indian Wells 

Resolution No. 2015-31 

Page 2 

SECUQN 1· The Oty aerk will transmit this signed resolution to the office of Senator 

Dianne Feinstein, Senator Barbara Boxer, and to Congressman Raul Ruiz, who represent the City 

in Congress. 

SECUQN 3_, This Resolution shall take effect upon adoption. 

PASSED, APPROVED, AND ADOPTED by the City Council of the City of Indian Wells, 

california, at a regular meeting held on this 16th day of July, 2015. 

CERTIFICATION FOR RESOLUTION NO. 2015-31 

I, Wade G. McKinney, Oty Clerk of the Oty Council of the City of Indian Wells, California, DO 

HEREBY CERTIFY that the whole number of the members of the Oty Council is live (5); that the 

above and foregoing Resolution was duly and regularly passed and adopted at a regular meeting 

of the Oty Council of the C'"it:y of Indian Wells on the 16th day of July, 2015, by the following vote: 

AYES: Balocco, Hanson, Mertens, Peabody, Reed 

NOES: None 

ATTEST: APPROVED AS TO FDRM: 
65 


Insert graphic folio 84 98942A.061

April IS, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

City of Banning 

Office of the Mayor 

Subje<:t: Support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

On behalf of the City of Banning, I am pleased to infonn you of our support of the Caiifomia Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act subject to wording being included that de:fmes the exclusion of the Whitewater 

Flume water conveyance system, and all needed access easements for maintenance and operation. 

The proposed bill would establish the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Sand to Snow National 

Monument, encompassing over a million acres of federal land between Joshua Tree National Park, the Mojave 

Preserve and the San Bernardino National Forest. Additionally, hundreds of thousands of acres of pristine desert 

land will be designated for preservation. This bill will affect vast areas near the City of Banning, and benefit 

citizens' quality of life and our tourism industry. 

We support this comprehensive bill because it recognizes the importance of conservation and energy 

commitments, outlines recreational uses-including off-highway vehicle use, provides for thorough 

management strategies in land preservation, and benefits our region. We ask only that you make sure that the 

Whitewater Flume, areas for operation and maintenance, as well as access are excluded from the monument. 

This is the only source of water for the Community of l3anuing Heights (800 residents) and 30% of the water 

supply for the City of Banning {30,000). We would greatly appreciate wording about the exclusion be included 

in the bill. 

We have no other available source of water to replace that from the Flume, except State water. In the drought, 

that source we all kuow is unreliable and may be unavailable. We wish to emphasize the importance of the 

Flume to our community. 

Thank you for your leadership and continued efforts toward preserving this magnificent landscape and the 

recreation and environmental opportunities that it offers. 

Respectfully, 

Af!d~tek r::i£tl JC.htt~v Deborah Franklin 

Mayor 

99 E. Ramsey St. • P.O. Box 998 • Banning, CA 92220-0998 • (951) 922-3146 • Fax (951) 922-3128 
66 


Insert graphic folio 85 98942A.062

San %anue['l3ancf of Mission Incfians---

cERTIFicATE OF RESOLUTION 

Resolution No. 2014-017 

BUSINEsS COMMITTEE 

OF THE 

SAN HANUEL BAND OF MISSION INDIANS 

RESQLUTION SUPPORTING THE CALIFORNIA . 

DESERT CONSERVA~ION AND RECREA-TION ACT OF 2015 

WHEREAS, the San Manuel Band of Mission Indians ("Tribe"} is a 

federally recognized Indian tribe; 

WHEREAS, the San Manuel General Council is the Tribe's dulyauthorized governing body; 

WHEREAS, the San Manuel Business Committee is duly authorized by 

the San Manuel General Council to catTy out its directives; 

WHEREAS, the Tribe has historically protected the land, air, and waters 

of the Tribe's reservation and all of its ancestral territory, and advocates for the 

protection of all lands on the Earth; 

WHEREAS, Senator Dianne Feinstein has proposed that certain unique, 

undeveloped, culturally important, and ecologically significant scenic areas of 

public land within the California Desert Conservation Area be preserved as 

wilderness, wild and scenic rivers, national monuments and National Park and 

Preserve additions and an Area of Critical Environmental Concern; 

WHEREAS, significant threats to cultural, biological, and recreational 

resources in the California Desert Conservation Area remain and new ones 

arise every day; 

WHEREAS, it is in the .interest of the Tribe to preserve neaFby open 

space, wild areas, and culturally significant sites for the benefit and enjoyment 

of current and future generations; 

WHEREAS,_ the Tribe has determined the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass and Palo Verde wilderness additions; the 

designation of the Great F~s. Basin, Avawatz Mountains, Soda Mountains, 

Buzzards Peak and Milpitas Wash as wilderness areas; the designation of the 

Mojave Trails and Sand to Snow as National Monuments; the del[lignation of the 

Black Buttes and Flat Top Mesa as areas of critical environmental concern; 

additions to Joshua Tree National Park, the Mojave National Preserve and 

Death Valley National Park; and the designation of Deep Creek, White Water, 

Amargosa and Surprise .Canyon as wild and· scenic rivers would help to 

preserve these lands and rivers. 

26569 Community Center 'Drive • !Jligfi{antl, C51. 92346 • Office: {909) 864-8933 • !JYIX: (909) 864-3,')(0 
67 


Insert graphic folio 86 98942A.063

Resolution No. 20 14-017 

Page 2 of2 

NOW, ,THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, the Tribe, by and through the 

San Manuel Business Committee, hereby endorses and supports the 

designation of wilderness, the designation of wild and scenic rivers, national 

monuments, and the National Park and Preserve wilderness additions within 

the California Desert Conservation Area. 

CERTIFICATION 

By a vote of the Business Committee of the San Manuel Band of Mission 

Indians at a duly noticed meeting at which a quorum was present, held at 

approximately 10:00 a:m. on December 4, 2014, at the Tribal Community 

Center on the San Manuel Indian Reservation, the above-recited Resolution 

was passed by the Business Committee following a vote of ~in favor, _Q 

against and ..Q_ abstentions. 

Dated: December 16. 2014 

073014 

Lynn R. Valbuena 

Tribal Chairwoman 
68 


Insert graphic folio 87 98942A.064

George Gholson, 

Chairman 

Ean Frank, 

Vice Chairman 

Eleanor Jackson, 

Secretaryrr reasurer 

White Dove 

Kennedy, 

Council Member 

Dora Jones, 

Council Member 

February 4, 2015 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

US Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The Timbisha Shoshone Tribe ofDeath Valley, California strongly supports the protection 

of California's deserts for the future generations. Our ancestral homelands encompass lands 

in California and Nevada, in the counties oflnyo, Kern, San Bernardino and Mono in 

California and Nye, Mineral and Esmeralda in Nevada Our Tribe has a strong history and 

commitment to environmental protection and we support your legislation to protect these 

areas for the benefit and enjoyment of all peoples. 

Due to our beliefs and teachings, the Timbisha Shoshone Tribe is extremely concerned 

about California's deserts being developed with large-scale renewable energy projects, 

mining and other destructive development. These projects cause destruction of animals, 

plants, and our Homeland, and thus to our people. While we are most concerned about 

development in and around our Homeland, we do not wish to see that development in any 

of our deserts. We would rather see renewable energy projects being built in urban areas. 

Protection of wilderness lands in and around the Death Valley National Park is vital, 

including the Malpais Mesa (known as Conglomerate Mesa), the Avawatz Mountains, the 

Soda Mountains, the Slate Range, the Great Falls Basin, and the Kingston Range wilderness 

and Golden Valley wilderness. Their presence is valued for their history and use by our 

people. 

These areas include rugged desert mountain ranges where bighorn sheep roam, where desert 

tortoise live, and where ancient cultural sites are. It is urgent that action be taken to 

permanently protect these areas to keep these places pristine. Our desert lands need 

protection because they are lands that have significant importance to us, the Timbisha 

Shoshone Tribe, neighboring tribes and the desert communities. 

The desert is a sensitive environment that withstands little abuse. Without protection, our 

desert homelands will not be available to future Timbisha generations. 

Thank you for your continued commitment to preserving our deserts. 

Timbisha Shoshone Tribe -621 W. Line St., Suite#I09-Bishop CA, 93514 

Phone: 760-872-3614 Fax: 760-690-4486 
69 


Insert graphic folio 88 98942A.065

Sincerely, 

$zo/-~ George Gholson, 

Tribal Chairman 

Timbisha Shoshone Tribe 

CC: Representative Paul Cook 

CC: Senator Barbara Boxer 
70 


Insert graphic folio 89 98942A.066

December 1, 2014 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

1 am writing on behaff of the Executive Committee of the Coachella Valley Association of 

Governments to offer our support for your proposed legislation, the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act of 2014. In particular, we support the establishment of the Sand to Snow 

National Monument to protect the rich natural heritage of the lands from San Gorgonio Peak to the desert floor, including Big Morongo Canyon. The proposed Sand to Snow National Monument 

would provide for protection and cohesive management of the dramatic landscapes that form the northwestern boundary of the Coachella Valley and provide a scenic backdrop to our desert 

communities. Some of the lands within the proposed National Monument are also within the 

Reserve System for the Coachella Valley Multiple Species Habitat Conservation Plan (CVMSHCP). 

The lands that are part of the proposed Sand to Snow National Monument include some of the 

most spectacular outdoor recreation areas in this part of California. We encourage your efforts to 

preserve and enhance the extensive recreational and environmental education opportunities -

hiking, backpacking, camping, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, and birding - in this spectacular 

landscape. Monument designation would also attract outdoor recreation enthusiasts, translating into 

economic benefits and eco-tourism opportunities for the Coachella Valley, Morongo Valley, Yucca 

Valley, and the San Bernardino Mountain communtties. Ranging from the creosote and cactus 

covered lowlands of the desert to the subalpine slopes of San Gorgonio Peak, the area includes 

habitat for diverse wildlife- deer, bighorn sheep, desert tortoise and many migratory birds. We also 

support the proposal for Wild and Scenic River designations of stream and river segments within 

the proposed monument area - including the Whitewater River, as well as the proposed additions 

to the San Gorgonio Wilderness and Joshua Tree National Park. 

We appreciate the efforts you have made to balance, conservation, recreation and renewable 

energy development in the California Desert. Thank you for your efforts to establish the Sand to Snow National Monument. We will encourage support from our member agencies as well. 

Siincerely, "l [ . ) 

( ~ij{f(::i/)_)tA-A!_ 

J Hamik 

Chair 

cc: Senator Barbara Boxer 

Congressman Raul Ruiz 

CITY o~ BL',Tl-!t · CITY ot Ct.H-Hi.DRAL CITY · Crrv OF Co;..CHELLA • Cl-v OF D£S£RT HoT SPKINGS · Cliv OF lNDlAN WElLS 

CiTY or INDIO. CIT'! ot L~o QuiNT;. Clrv Ol' Pt.LM DESERT . Ow OF PALM SPRINGS · C1rv o~ R.:.Ncl-!o Ml~t.G~ · CouNTY OF R1v£RSIX 

AGU.:\ C.tU,NH S:..ND :::w C.".!-iUILlt. INDIANS· CABAZON 8,\r.:D 01:" MISSION INDIAr<.S 
71 


Insert graphic folio 90 98942A.067

COACI-II:LLA V ALL!;V CONS!;RV ATION COMMISSION 

Caihed,./ Ciy · Coachella ·Desert j.jol Spr;ngs · Indian Wells ·Indio · La Ouinla Palm Desert · Palm Spnngs 

Rancho Mirage · County of Riverside · Coachella Valley Water District · Imperial irrigation Distnd Missio'"l Springs Water Dislrict 

November 13, 2014 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

I am writing on behalf of the Coachella Valley Conservation Commission to offer our support for your 

proposed legislation, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2014. In particular, 

we support the establishment of the Sand to Snow National Monument to protect the rich natural 

heritage of the lands from San Gorgonio Peak to the desert floor, including Big Morongo Canyon. 

The proposed Sand to Snow National Monument would provide for protection and cohesive 

management of the dramatic landscapes that form the northwestern boundary of the Coachella 

Valley and provide a scenic backdrop to our desert communities. Some of the lands within the 

proposed National Monument are also within the Reserve System for the Coachella Valley Multiple 

Species Habitat Conservation Plan {CVMSHCP). 

The lands that are part of the proposed Sand to Snow National Monument include some of the most 

spectacular outdoor recreation areas in this part of California. We encourage your efforts to preserve 

and enhance the extensive recreational and environmental education opportunities- hiking, 

backpacking, camping, fishing, hunting, horseback riding, and birding- in this spectacular 

landscape. Monument designation would also attract outdoor recreation enthusiasts, translating into 

economic benefits and eco-tourism opportunities for the Coachella Valley, Morongo Valley, Yucca 

Valley, and the San Bernardino Mountain communities. Ranging from the creosote and cactus 

covered lowlands of the desert to the subalpine slopes of San Gorgonio Peak, the area includes 

habitat for diverse wildlife- deer, bighorn sheep, desert tortoise and many migratory birds. We also 

support the proposal for Wild and Scenic River designations of stream and river segments within the 

proposed monument area - including the Whitewater River, as well as the proposed additions to the 

San Gorgonio Wilderness and Joshua Tree National Park. 

We appreciate the efforts you have made to balance, conservation, recreation and renewable energy 

development in the California Desert. Thank you for your efforts to establish the Sand to Snow 

National Monument. It will complement the conservation goals of the Coachella Valley Multiple 

Species Habitat Conservation Plan. We will encourage support from our member agencies as well. 

s~ 

Richard W. Kite 

Chair 

3-710 !=red Wanng Drive. Su;te 200 Palm Desert. CA 92260 (760) 346-1127 I= ax (760) 340-5949 
72 


Insert graphic folio 91 98942A.068

COMMUNITY SERVICES DISTRICT & FIRE DEPARTMENT 

February 3, 2015 

Congressman Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Congressman Cook, 

The Morongo Valley Community Services District Board urges your support of the California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act and requests you work with Senator Feinstein and 

other members of Congress to ensure its passage. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA) would position the California 

desert to become one of the nation's premiere destination tourism locations. The CDCRA will 

add lands to our three desert national parks, create wilderness areas and wild and scenic river 

segments, designate two new national monuments and ensure the continued recreational use 

of the four existing off road vehicle areas through legislative protection. 

The Creation of Sand to Snow National Monument will add to our areas reputation as a 

destination for outdoor recreation. In 2013 1.3 million visitors to Joshua Tree National Park 

spent over $62 million in gateway communities and supported 770 fulltime jobs. As the 

gateway community to the National Park and other Basin recreation areas, our local businesses 

benefit greatly from increased tourism to this area. 

In closing, we respectfully request that you cosponsor the California Desert Conservation 

Recreation Act (CDCRA) and work to ensure its passage to enhance opportunities for tourism 

related businesses in the California Desert. 

Sincerely, 

Johnny Tolbert, President Kristina Brook, Vice President 

Morongo Valley Community Services District and Fire Department 

11207 Ocotillo Street • P.O. Box 46 • Morongo Valley, CA 92256 

Phone: 760.363.6454 mvcsd@roadrunner.com Fax: 760.363.6774 
73 


Insert graphic folio 92 98942A.069

JOINT POWERS AUTHORITY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

Undo Evoi'IS. Choir 

Ci!y olla Quinto 

Satne Holme$, VIce ChoJr 

City of Indio 

StanHenrv 

Ci!yof Cathedral Cily 

Adam Scmchet 

City of Desert Hot Springs 

Richard Balocco 

City of Indian Wells 

' ltoberl A. Splegel 

City of Po!m Desert 

Stephen Pougnet Crty of Palm Springs 

G. Dono Hobart 

City of Rancho Mirage 

JohnJ. t.nolt 

County o/ R'tve~ide 

RESOLUnON NO. JPA 2015 006 

A RESOLUnON OF THE JPA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE GREATER 

PALM SPRINGS CONVENnON & VISTORS BUREAU SUPPORnNG 

WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, NATIONAL MONUMENTS, 

NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE ADDITIONS IN THE CALIFORNIA 

DESERT 

WHEREAS, the Palm Springs Desert Resort Communities Convention and 

Visitors Authority. commonly known as the "Greeter Palm Springs Convention & 

Visitors Bureau" {"CVB") is a joint powers authority operating under the Joint 

Exercise of Power> Act (California Government Code Seclion 6500 e! seq.). 

located in the County of Riverside, State of California; and 

WHEREAS. the purpose of the CVB. as set forth in the CVB Joint Powers 

Agreemenl. is to jointly encourage, promote, and to do such other things as 

might be necessary to enhance, to the greatest extent possible. all aspects of the 

hospitality, convention and tourism industry in the Coachella Valley and to o1tracl 

visitors from notional and international markets. all to the benefit of the member 

organizations and their constituents via the exercise of all the expressed and 

implied powers the CVB members have in common; and 

WHEREAS. Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act 2015 (S.414) so that certain unique, 

undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and 

scenic areas of public land within the California Desert Conservation Area ore 

preserved as wilderness. wild and scenic rivers. national monuments. and 

National Park and Preserve additions; and 

WHEREAS. the Mojave National Preserve and the Bureau of Land 

Management administered wilderness and natural areas in the high desert are an 

· important component of the greater Palm Springs area's historic. cultural, 

economic. and social identity. and generate substantial economic benefit for 

surrounding area businesses through local employment; tax revenues; visitor 

spending on meals. lodging. and supplies; and 

WHEREAS, national monuments. national park and wilderness designation 

has been shown to increase tourism and attract new residents. thereby 

generating substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local 

employment and tax revenue: and 

WHEREAS. the proposed designation will contribute to the greater Palm 

Springs area's superior desert and mountain vistas. air quality. water quality. 

peaceful soundscapes. and dark night skies; and 

WHEREAS. protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors 

with opportunities for many recreational activities including hiking. horseback 

riding, rock climbing. photography. camping, off-rooding, wildlife viewing, 

scientific research. and nature study; and 

70100 highway 111 • rancho mirage, co 92270 • t: 760.770.9000 • If: 800.967.3767 • f: 760.770.9001 • visitgreoterpalmsprings.com 
74 


Insert graphic folio 93 98942A.070

WHEREAS. protecting wild places and national park lands would ensure that future 

generations could enjoy them .tomorrow as we do today; and 

WHEREAS. preserving these areas would protect landscapes that encompass steep 

mountains, winding canyons. free flowing rivers, and rugged desert landscapes. Including the 

proposed Sand to Snow and Mojave Trails Notional Monument; the proposed Golden Valley, 

Kingston Range, Indian Pass. Palo Verde wilderness additions; the Great Falls Basin, Avawatz 

Mountains, Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak, Milpitas Wash wilderness area; additions to Joshua 

Tree Notional Park; the Castle Mountains addition to the Mojave Notional Preserve; wilderness 

additions to Death Valley National Park; the Amargosa. Deep Creek. Whitewater, and Surprise 

Canyon wild and scenic rivers; the Flat Top Mesa and Black Buttes Area of Critical Environmental 

Concern; and the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

NOW, THEREFORE. BE IT RESOLVED by the JPA Executive Committee. as the governing 

body of the CVB, as follows: 

Recitals 

That the recitals set forth hereinabove are true and correct. 

Endorsement and Support 

That the CVB .endorses and supports the designation of wilderness. the designation of 

wild and scenic rivers. the National Park and Preserve wilderness additions within the California 

Desert Conservation Area, and the Sand to Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails 

National Monument. 

~. Re~ of Conflicting Provisions 

That all provisions of any prior resolutions or agreements that are in conflict with the 

provisions of this Resolution are hereby repealed. 

~. Effective Date 

That this resolution shall take effect immediately upon its adoption. 

~. Certification 

That the Clerk of the JPA Executive Committee shall certify the roll call vote adopting this 

resolution. 

Resolution No. JPA 2015006Poge 2 
75 


Insert graphic folio 94 98942A.071

PASSED, APPROVED AND ADOPTED at a regular meeting of the JPA Executive Committee 

of the Greater Palm Springs Convention & Visitors Bureau held on the 2Qth day of March. 2015 by 

the following vote: 

AYES: 1-} 

NAVES: (/) 

ABSENT: 2 

ABSTAIN: cp 

ATTEST: 

Senior 

~~~ Vice President of Administration 

APPROVED AS TO CONTENT: 

APPROVED AS TO FORM: 

Linda Evans, Chair ' 

mmittee 

Resolution No. JPA 2015 006 Page 3 
76 


Insert graphic folio 95 98942A.072

COACHELLA VALLEY ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP 

July 20, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Subject: Support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

On behalf of the Coachella Valley Economic Partnership, I am pleased to inform you of our 

support of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

The proposed bill would establish the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Sand to Snow 

National Monument, encompassing over a million acres of federal land between Joshua Tree 

National Park, the Mojave Preserve and the San Bernardino National Forest. Additionally, 

hundreds of thousands of acres of pristine desert land will be designated for preservation. This 

bill will affect vast areas near the Coachella Valley, and benefit citizens' quality of life and our 

tourism industry. 

We support this comprehensive bill because it recognizes the importance of conservation and 

energy commitments, outlines recreational uses-including off-highway vehicle use, provides 

for thorough management strategies in land preservation, and benefits our region. 

Thank you for your leadership and continued efforts toward preserving this magnificent 

landscape and the recreation and environmental opportunities that it offers. 

Respectfully, 

,2!---

lnterim President/CEO 

311l EAS-T TAHQU!Tl CANYON WAY • PALM 5PRlNG'S. CAl1FORNtA 91Z62 • PH· 760.3401575 • FX. 760 548 0370 • WWW CVEP COt\! 
77 


Insert graphic folio 96 98942A.073

COACHELLA VALLEY ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP 

cc: Senator Lisa Murkowski 

Energy and Natural Resources Committee Office 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Congressman Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Senator Maria Cantwell 

Energy and Natural Resources Committee Office 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Congressman Rob Bishop 

Committee on Natural Resources 

United States House of Representatives 

1324 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Congressman Kevin McCarthy 

United States House of Representatives 

2421 Rayburn House Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20515-0523 

Congressman Pete Aguilar 

1223 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Congressman Raul Ruiz 

1319 Longworth Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

)lll EAST TAHQU1T l CANYON WAY • PALM )PR!NGS. CAliFORNIA 91262 • PH 760 340 1515 • FX 760 548 0310 • WWW CVEPCOW 
78 


Insert graphic folio 97 98942A.074

Congressman Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Congressman Cook: 

Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce 

6448 Hallee Rd., Ste, 10, PO Box 600 

Joshua Tree, CA 92252 

Phone: (760) 366-3723 

Email: info@joshuatreechamber.org 

January 5, 2015 

The Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce (JTCC) urges you to cosponsor the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act and work with Senator Feinstein and other members of Congress to 

ensure its passage. 

The Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce (JTCC) plays a key role in the community by promoting local 

business, the arts, Joshua Tree National Park and functioning as an information center for San 

Bernardino County residents. Because Joshua Tree is a domestic and international tourism destination, 

the JTCC actively promotes our area within San Bernardino County, the desert region, California, the 

nation and abroad. Businesses, community members, visitors and people interested in relocating rely 

on the JTCC for tourism information, relocation packets and business referrals. The JTCC office in 

downtown Joshua Tree functions as a civic center and our staff are first responders for business, tourist 

and community inquiries. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (COCRA) would position the California desert to 

become one of the nation's premiere destination tourism locations. The CDCRA will add lands to our 

three desert national parks, create wilderness areas and wild and scenic river segments, designate two 

new national monuments and balance the desert resident's recreational needs by legislatively 

protecting four existing off road vehicle areas. Importantly the bill would enhance opportunities for 

local recreational tourism by adding 4500 acres of land to Joshua Tree National Park and allowing the 

National Park Service to purchase the Joshua Tree Visitor Center, the most heavily utilized visitor center 

for the park. 

Joshua Tree National Park is one of the most important economic engines in our community and the 

Morongo Basin. In fact, in 2013 1.3 million visitors to Joshua Tree National Park spent over $62 million 

in gateway communities and supported 770 full and part time jobs. The impact of tourism to the park is 

widely acknowledged in the community of Joshua Tree where tourists eat in our restaurants, stay in our 

hotels and buy gas, souvenirs and camping supplies. 
79 


Insert graphic folio 98 98942A.075

In closing, the Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce respectfully requests that you cosponsor the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act {CDCRA) and work to ensure its passage to enhance 

opportunities for tourism related businesses in the California desert. 

Sincerely, 

Thomas Fjallstam, President 

Joshua Tree Chamber of Commerce 
80 


Insert graphic folio 99 98942A.076

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein; 

March 5, 2015 

On behalf of the Morongo Valley Chamber of Commerce, we are writing today to express our support for the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. like your landmark CDPA of 1994, this bill will make huge 

strides in protecting the irreplaceable scenic, ecological, and recreational values that make the California 

desert such a special place, benefiting diverse users and further strengthening our desert as a premiere 

outdoor recreation destination. 

The residents and business owners of the Morongo Valley Community Services District have identified 

Conservation of natural resources and scenic beauty and protection of the Big Morongo Canyon Preserve as 

key priorities in the development of the Morongo Valley Community Plan, developed with the County of San 

;ernardino. The Morongo Valley CSD would be surrounded by the Sand to Snow National Monument and 

preserve and protect the rural character of the community as prioritized in the Morongo Valley Community 

Plan. 

We are confident business opportunities for our disadvantaged community will increase with these 

designations. The Sand to Snow Visitor Center is slated to be located in Morongo Volley. Loco/ restaurants, 

general merchandise stores, the MV Colony Art Gallery and equestrian enterprises will all benefit from the 

expected visitation. 

It is in the interest of Morongo Valley to preserve nearby open space and wild areas. 

Our community's location in the center of the proposed Sand to Snow National Monument, adjacent to Joshua 

Tree National Park, and near the proposed Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Area of Critical Environmental 

Concern, will benefit residents by preserving the qualities that make our community so special, including 

mountain vistas, clean air and water, and dark night skies. 

Protected public lands will provide local residents and visitors with opportunities for many recreational 

activities including hiking. horseback riding, rock climbing, photography, camping, wildlife viewing, off-reading, 

scientific research, and nature study. By protecting these places, we ensure that future generations can enjoy 

hem tomorrow as we do today. 
81 


Insert graphic folio 100 98942A.077

It i~ for all these reasons that the Morongo Valley Chamber of Commerce has passed a resolution in 

support of CDCRA. Thank you in advance for your efforts to protect and enhance the quality of life 

<enjoyed by desert residents and visitors and for your leadership in desert conservation. It is an 

.nvestment in our economic future. We look forward to working with you to pass this landmark 

legislation. 

Sincerely, 

V~ L Wl.cl<Ier 

Morongo Valley Chamber of Commerce 

Diana L Wickler, President 
82 


Insert graphic folio 101 98942A.078

GREATER RIVERSIDE 

CHAMBERS OF COMMERCE 

The Chamber ... bui/ding a stronger local economy 

October 1, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

The Honorable Barbara Boxer 

United States Senate 

112 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

RE: S.414 California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 

Dear Senators Feinstein and Boxer: 

On behalf of the Greater Riverside Chambers of Commerce and our approximately I ,300 members 

representing more than 101,000 employees in the inland Southern California region, I am writing to 

indicate the Chamber's SUPPORT for S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 

2015. 

The Chamber considers this comprehensive bill to do more than protect pristine wilderness in our region; 

the legislation builds upon the legacy of the California Desert Protection Act of 1994 to expedite and 

improve the federal permitting process to advance large-scale wind and solar development on suitable 

lands. 

As you have indicated, the goal of this bill is to protect additional land and help manage California's 

desert resources by carefully balancing conservation, recreation, and renewable energy development. 

These desert resources are an important element to the regional economy as a valuable attraction for 

tourism, which significantly bolsters the regional economy. Furthermore, this legislation is an important 

vehicle for the designation of specific areas for renewable energy development that will serve the 

significant growth in this regional with minimal environmental impact. 

According to the California Energy Commission staff, approximately 128,000 acres of desert land are 

needed to meet California's Renewable Portfolio Standard with solar thermal energy. Under the 

provisions of this legislation, our region can be a leader in addressing our renewable energy needs, while 

preserving our national parks and preserves like the Mojave Preserve and Joshua Tree National Park. 

Thank you for your leadership in championing this issue and the work you continue to do on behalf of 

California and our region. 

If we can be of assistance, please let us know. 

Respectfully, {}_; H-

~ President/CEO 

CR/na 

3985 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 9250! • Phone: (95!) 683-7!00 • Fax: (95!) 683-2670 

\\'\.V\V.riverside~chamber.com 
83 


Insert graphic folio 102 98942A.079

February 14, 2015 

The Honorable Paul Cook 

us House of Representatives 

Washington, DC 20515 

Subject: California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (5.414) 

Dear Congressman Cook: 

We, the undersigned residents of Walters Camp in Imperial County, California, urge you to support 

Senator Dianne Feinstein's California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 (5.414) and to 

introduce a version of the measure in the House of Representatives. 

We worked very hard for over 6 months with Senator Feinstein's staff and other stakeholders to craft 

Title XVI of 5.414 that proposes to establish the Vinagre Wash Special Management Area (SMA). The 

management of the SMA is a careful compromise that will allow the public to continue to enjoy 

responsible motorized recreation and other appropriate activities in the SMA while establishing four 

potential wilderness areas, conducting a cultural resources inventory and allowing the US Navy to 

continue to use the area for essential training. Importantly, the SMA will prohibit energy development 

and other industrial uses that would detract from these recreational, cultural, wilderness and other 

values. Our continued use of the proposed SMA, particularly for responsible vehicle touring on 

authorized routes, is important to maintaining the way of life that we enjoy here in the community of 

Walters Camp. We believe that 5.414 includes critical guarantees ensuring that we can continue to use 

the area in a responsible manner in the decades to come. 

As a lawmaker who is a noted friend of motorized recreation in the California desert, we encourage you 

to introduce a version of 5.414 in the House of Representatives that includes Title XVI. The SMA 

provisions in Senator Feinstein's bill are strongly supported here in Imperial County by both our Board of 

Supervisors and hundreds of local residents. We would be happy to reach out to your colleague 

Congressman Juan Vargas to seek his support as well. In fact, we would welcome an opportunity to 

show you and Mr. Vargas around the proposed SMA so that you can see for yourselves why it is such a 

valuable resource. I have personally raced in King of the Hammers in Johnson Valley the last 4 years and 

have been involved with and very aware of your efforts to get Johnson Valley designated Open OHV. 

We thank you for those efforts and ask that you help us maintain our trails in Imperial County, literally in 

our 'backyard', so that our future generations can enjoy what we have come to love so much. 

While we support the locally-crafted compromises that exist in Senator Feinstein's legislation, we 

strongly oppose the use of the Antiquities Act by the White House to impose one or more new national 

monuments on the California desert. First, such a monument would most likely not benefit Imperial 
84 


Insert graphic folio 103 98942A.080

County. Second, such a monument would not reflect the years of careful collaboration and negotiations 

among stakeholders that characterizes 5.414. People who enjoy responsible off-road vehicle recreation 

in the desert would lose the most if such a monument was established by the White House. We hope 

that you share these concerns, and we request that you, Senator Feinstein, Representative Vargas and 

others ask the White House to not use the Antiquities Act in the desert. 

Thank you for your attention to this matter. We hope to work with you, Representative Vargas, Senator 

Feinstein and others to advance this important measure. 

Sincerely, 

Matthew 

--;?'-? 

J. Hensel 

,?~ 

Physical Address: 2634 Old River Rd, Palo Verde, CA 92266 

Mailing Address: 8209 Willow Drive, Cypress, CA 90630 

714-47Q-5140 
85 


Insert graphic folio 104 98942A.081

February 14. 2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my family's support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015, specitlcally the Designation of Special 

Management Area in Imperial County, as currently written without modification 

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February 14, 2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my family's support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015, specifically the Designation of Special 

Management Area in Imperial County, as currently written without modification. 

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February 14,2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my family's support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, specifically the Designation of Special 

Management Area in Imperial County, as currently written without modification. 
88 


Insert graphic folio 107 98942A.084

February 14,2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my tamily' s support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, specifically the Designation of Special 

Management Area in Imperial County, as currently written without modification. 

Name/Signature Address 

.7 frt Wo.-lun·r G. -r t!.L_ 

;.:. .5'S' (.. do A-) " 6'"' < t 
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Insert graphic folio 108 98942A.085

February 14, 2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my family's support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015, specifically the Designation of Special 

Management_Afe~ in Imperial County, as currently written without modification. 

Name/Signature Address 

:). $<.fl. watfff A4~"' R.. d • 

:{S')O 6/c/../<.:.Jet- 0:2/wc.Jhu 0t"r 
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February 14, 2015 

By signing below I acknowledge my and my family's support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015, specifically the Designation of Special 

Management Area in Imperial Coupl)>, as currently written without modification. 

Name/Signature lliG4<./ "'" 7 ~/? 

J-e<JNy' Mt~.j :Jr:r-",.6._ 

u 

Address lHr 0.4/fP/.f r;Ra 'i'c?t, 

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JOSHUA TREE GATEWAY 

ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS® 55896 Santa Fe Trail, Yucca Valley, California 92284 • (760) 365·1145 • FAX (866) 44&-4575 

Email: EO@JTGAR.com • wwwJTGAR.com • www.facebook.com/jtgaryv 

Member: National Association of REALTORS•/California Association of REALTORs• 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20S10 

April16, 2015 

Dear Senator Dianne Feinstein: 

The Joshua Tree Gateway Association of REALTORS"' endorses the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act of 2015. 

The mission of the Joshua Tree Gateway Association of REAL TORS" is to serve its membership by 

providing the best possible programs, services and new technology that will enhance the member's 

ability to conduct their individual real estate businesses successfully with integrity, competence and 

efficency; to be advocates for the prosperity and improvement of our community and promote the 

preservation of real property rights. 

We believe the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 will protect and connect 

ecologically sensitive lands in the California desert while enhancing the recreational tourism 

economy and increasing the value of residential real estate adjacent to federally protected lands. 

Sincerely, 

Bill Osgood 

2015 President 

Joshua Tree Gateway Association of REALTORS"' 
92 


Insert graphic folio 111 98942A.088

The Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Re: California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

1 am writing you again on behalf of all of the residents, family members and visitors of the 

Walters Camp area adjacent to the proposed Vinagre Wash Special Management Area who 

have shown their support of the CDCRA to date. You can reference my past letters for 

signatures of all of those supporters I mention above. I am in constant communication with 

all of them, and we all support the CDCRA. 

First of all, we want to thank you for your leadership on the desert legislation, and for 

listening to our diverse voices in order to achieve a balanced bill. It has not been an easy 

process, but in the end, we all feel that the final compromise is in the best interest of all the 

stakeholders in the CDCRA. 

We are extremely excited to hear that Congressman Cook will be introducing his desert bill, 

including the Vinagre Wash Special Management Area. In your July video conference, you 

stated that you would give the legislation until the end of the year to pass before pursuing 

the Monument portions through the Antiquities Act. We are anxious and excited to help you 

and Congressman Cook move your legislation. As we have been since the beginning, over 6 

years ago, we are here to support you and the CDCRA! 

We have all logged countless hours, not to mention personal financial investment, in the 

final version of the CDCRA. Please give it until the end of the year. We will do anything we 

can to help, as this is extremely important to all of us, our families, and future generations 

who will get to enjoy the Vinagre Wash Special Management Area, as well as all of the other 

areas in the CDCRA. 

Thank you again for listening to us, and for being a champion of the desert. 

Sincerely, 

Matthew J. Hensel 

President 

Rio Valley Homeowner's Association 

Resident, Walters Camp. 
93 


Insert graphic folio 112 98942A.089

l:] ~£t?r£~, March 17,2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

Theodore F. Craver, Jr. 

Chairman. President & 

Chid Executive Officer 

On behalf of Edison International and Southern California Edison, I want to express our support for the 

california Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015. We have had the opportunity to work with 

you on our shared goals of natural resource protecti~n. renewable energy integration, and electricity 

reliability for many years, going back to your landmark 1994 Desert Protection Act. We are proud to 

once again be able to support your legislative efforts. 

Since 2009 when you last introduced this bill, there have been significant changes in California's energy 

landscape. We are close to meeting our state's current goal of having 33 percent of our power 

generated by renewable energy sources by 2020. At the same time, we have seen in-state generation 

with small or no greenhouse-gas emission footprints, including natural gas and nuclear power, 

significantly reduced by the closure of coastal power plants impacted by the Clean Water Act's o~cethrough cooling water regulation and the permanent closure ofthe San Onofre Nuclear Generating 

Station. Our state's reliance on renewable energy generation and its transmission into population 

centers will only continue to increase, as evidenced by robust discussions in Sacramento on substantially 

increasing the state's renewable energy goal to 50 percent. Our anticipated need for new or expanded 

transmission and delivery systems will also be shaped by the completion and implementation of the 

Desert Renewable Energy Conservation Plan (DRECP). 

As you know, Southern california Edison serves nearly 14 million Californians throughout a 50,000 

square-mile service area within Central and Southern California. The utility remains the largest 

purchaser of renewable energy nationwide. We acquired a solar distributed generation company based 

in Chicago, Illinois, called SoCore, and we have aggressively pursued new and cutting edge technologies 

In energy storage. Our company's changes focus on the utility of the future, providing safe, clean and 

reliable electricity for customers, regardless of whether they live in the los Angeles basin or in the High 

Desert and get their energy from an ever-increasingly clean grid or from rooftop solar panels. 

That is why we are especially appreciative of the inclusion of language in the bill that expressly 

recognizes Southern California Edison's utility infrastructure, and authorizes us to maintain, upgrade and 

replace existing transmission, telecommunication, distribution and substation facilities within and near 

the new and expanded federal designations including National Monuments and Off-Highway Vehicle 

Recreation Areas. Your recognition of the essential nature of Southern California Edison's fundamental 

requirement to deliver electricity to homes and businesses from diverse sources of clean energy 

generated in often remote parts of the state is critical. 

The california Desert Conservation and Recreation Act strikes the right balance of protecting California's 

natural resources for generations to come while providing for continued access to these lands for 

recreators, conservationists, residents and the communities and businesses that serve them. We look 

P.O. Hox 'HO 

2244 WHinu! Grovt.; Ave, 

Ro&mcRd, CA 91770 
94 


Insert graphic folio 113 98942A.090

forward to continuing to work with you on this legislation and thank you for your leadership on these 

important issues. 

Sincerely, 

/ . .I I .iU'\. ~ Ted Craver 
95 


Insert graphic folio 114 98942A.091

THE METROPOUTAN WATER DISTRICT OF SOt.nHERN CAUFORNIA 

Office ofthe General Manager 

AprilS, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510-0504 

Re: S. 414, California Desert Conservation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

On behalf of the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, it is our pleasure to support 

S. 414, the California Desert Conservation Act. 

S. 414 would preserve wilderness and support recreational activity in desert portions of Southern 

California, while also setting forth the terms and conditions for renewable energy development in 

the area. The bill will also provide important protections for historic facilities and maintenance 

operations in the region designated by this legislation. 

As you know, Metropolitan develops, stores, and distributes water supplies for nearly 19 million 

Californians transported over 242 miles through Metropolitan's Colorado River Aqueduct. We 

appreciate the helpful coordination with your staff to include language in the bill which ensures 

the essential uninterrupted access to Colorado River Aqueduct operations, while this legislation 

advances new wilderness protections and development opportunities for renewable energy. 

We appreciate your leadership in advancing this important legislation and thank you again for 

including provisions helpful to essential water delivery services as part of the measure's 

legislative language. Please let us know if we can be a resource in supporting S. 414 and other 

federal water policy priorities in the future. 

Jeffrey Kightlinger 

General Manager 

cc: Senator Barbara Boxer, United'States Senate 

Neil Gregory Kornze, Director, Bureau of Land Management, 

U.S. Department of the Interior 

700 N. Alameda Street, Los Angeles, California 90012 • Marring Address: Box 54153, Los Angeles, California 90054.0153 • Telephone (213) 217-6000 
96 


Insert graphic folio 115 98942A.092

I!D PG&E Corporation. 

May 12,2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

Melissa A. Lavinson Vicef>res!dent 

Federal Affairs 

SOO?thStreet,NW 

Suite950 

Washington, DC 20001 

Te!: 202.638.1958 

Fax: 202.63!l3526 me!issaJavinson@pge·corp.com 

On behalf of Pacific Gas and Electric Company (PG&E), I am writing to express our support for 

your legislation S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015. 

We believe this legislation will provide for conservation, enhanced recreation opportunities and 

allow for the development of renewable energy in the California Desert Conservation Area. 

S. 414 achieves the appropriate balance between delivering safe, reliable, affordable, and clean 

gas and electric service to meet California's growing energy needs, while protecting wildlife and 

other important natural resources. 

As one of California's largest land owners, PG&E has a long history of managing lands and 

waters in a responsible and environmentally sensitive marmer. PG&E 's network of pipes and 

wires can traverse unique and sensitive habitat, and the company recognizes its obligation to 

protect these resources, while performing its operations and meeting its customers' expectations 

regarding reliability and service. 

PG&E appreciates your strong leadership on this issue. We are proud to supportS. 414 and we 

look forward to working with you in the !14th Congress and beyond. Please contact Matt Miller 

(Director, Federal Affairs) at 202-638-3500 should you require anything further. 

Sincerely, 
97 


Insert graphic folio 116 98942A.093

~~~ i ,A),. -.:.] ~",~"'?'"" 

Alv1A RCOSA C(")N<.;.Ff.<:V"'NC Y 

March 6, 2015 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Senator Feinstein; 

PO Box 63 

Shoshone, CA 92384 

760.852.4339 

www .amargosaconservancy.org 

On behalf of the members and Board of Directors of the Amargosa Conservancy, I am writing to 

thank you for your introduction of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

(CDCRA). You have been a champion of desert conservation for over two decades, and the 

Amargosa Watershed is indebted to you for the work that you have to done to protect our land, 

our water resources, and our economic livelihood. 

The CDCRA builds on these conservation successes, and assures a sustainable economic future 

for our area. The communities of Shoshone and Tecopa rely on a steady stream of tourists who 

visit our beautiful National Parks, Wilderness Areas, and Off-Highway Vehicle recreation 

destinations. Business owners, local citizens, wilderness enthusiasts, off-roaders, and visitors are 

nearly unanimous in their support of conservation and recreation designations which will 

promote the beauty and wonder of the Amargosa Watershed. 

The unique plants, animals, and habitat of our area will also benefit from the CDCRA. 

Wilderness designation for the Kingston Additions, the Avawatz Mountains, and many regions 

of Death Valley National Park will provide vital protection for the biodiversity of the Amargosa 

Watershed. The Wild & Scenic Amargosa River designation will help assure sustainable 

groundwater flows, which is the vital thread which binds our region together. 

We thank you for introducing this critically important legislation, and will continue to work 

within our communities to support conservation and recreation in the California desert. 

Sffioorely,?id/~ 

Patrick Donnelly 

Executive Director 

patrick@amargosaconservancy.org 
98 


Insert graphic folio 117 98942A.094

~ ~, 

.,;:v - "" "' ~::.• ~"' 

1\'>'I~.~S·~~~i 

April27, 2015 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Senator Feinstein: 

PO Box 63 

Shoshone,CA 92384 

760.852.4339 

www.amargosaconservancy .org 

On behalf of the members of the Amargosa Conservancy, I am writing to thank you for your 

introduction of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA). 

The CDCRA assures a sustainable economic future for our area. The communities of Shoshone 

and Tecopa rely on a steady stream of tourists who visit our beautiful National Parks, Wilderness 

Areas, and Off-Highway Vehicle recreation destinations. Bnsiness owners, local citizens, 

wilderness enthusiasts, off-roaders, and visitors are nearly unanimous in their support of 

conservation and recreation designations which will promote the Amargosa Watershed. 

The unique plants, animals, and habitat of our area will also benefit from the CDCRA. 

Wilderness designation for the Kingston Additions, the Avawatz Mountains, and many regions 

of Death Valley National Park will provide vital protection for the biodiversity of the Amargosa 

Watershed. The Wild & Scenic Amargosa River designation will help assure sustainable 

groundwater flows, which is the vital thread which binds our region together. 

As a result of the balanced approach of this legislation, support for these proposals is widespread 

in the Southeast Inyo County community. We recently sent you a letter with a dozen businesses 

supporting the CDCRA, and had community members speak out in favor of the legislation at a 

County Board of Supervisors meeting. Our community wants the CDCRA for the economic 

development of our region. 

We thank you for introducing this critically important legislation. 

Plitrick 

~;j Donnelly 

Executive Director 

patrick@amargosaconservancy.org 
99 


Insert graphic folio 118 98942A.095

~ ' ~ . 4~~ • ~ ~=rri\ ,, tARt: o~._-A ~ ~ > ""' .._ I •< '\. "- ....., ~ '>< 

April27, 2015 

Representative Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Representative Cook: 

PO Box63 

Shoshone,CA 92384 

760.852.4339 

www.amargosaconservancy.org 

On behalf of the members of the Amargosa Conservancy, I am writing to encourage you to 

support the recently introduced California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA). 

The CDCRA presents an historic opportunity to protect California's desert heritage and provide 

for our future. The communities of Shoshone and Tecopa rely on a steady stream of tourists who 

visit our beautiful National Parks; Wilderness Areas, and Off-Highway Vehicle recreation 

destinations. Business owners, local citizens, wilderness enthusiasts, off-roaders, and visitors are 

nearly unanimous in their support of these conservation and recreation designations. 

Important to local residents in our area is that the CDCRA maintains traditional access to desert 

areas. None of the local Wilderness designations restrict motorized access; indeed, there are 

certain key routes such as the old Tonopah & Tidewater Railroad grade which will be reopened 

due to the CDCRA. These common-sense designations will bring clarity to BLM's multiple-use 

mandate, while providing recreational opportunities for visitors and residents. 

Due to this balanced approach, support for these proposals is widespread in our community. We 

recently sent you a leiter from a dozen businesses supporting the CDCRA, and community 

members spoke in favor of the legislation at an Inyo County Supervisors meeting. Our 

community wants the CDCRA for economic development in Southeast Inyo County. 

We encourage you to support the CDCRA. It will protect the vital desert resources of our special 

area while ensuring the economic sustainability of the Amargosa region. 

Patrick Donnelly 

Executive Director 

patrick@amargosaconservancy.org 
100 


Insert graphic folio 119 98942A.096

April20, 2015 

The Honorable Paul Cook 

United States House of Representatives 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20515-0508 

Dear Congressman Cook and Senator Feinstein: 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510-0504 

We are business owners in Southern Inyo County, and we support the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA), introduced into Congress in 2015 by Senators 

Dianne Feinstein and Barbara Boxer. Our area boasts some of the most spectacular scenery in the 

nation, and our businesses are reliant on the millions of tourists who visit each year. The 

CDCRA is a historic opportunity which will preserve our desert heritage for future generations, 

and provide benefit for the economy in Shoshone and Tecopa. 

The CDCRA is a balanced approach which is the result of years of community discussions, and 

enjoys broad support from visitors and residents in our area. Off-Highway Vehicle recreation is 

important to our economy, and the CDCRA would protect riding opportunities by designating 

Dumont Dunes a National Off-Highway Vehicle Area. The CDCRA designates BLM and Death 

Valley National Park Wilderness, protecting our irreplaceable landscapes from industrial 

development while keeping vehicular access open to traditionally used areas. It also protects our 

precious groundwater resources, which are the source of our abundant and economically 

valuable hot springs, by designating further stretches of the Wild and Scenic Amargosa River. 

Visitors to our area come for the scenery, the remote open spaces, and the recreational 

opportunities the public lands here provide. The Death Valley Region provides almost 70% of 

In yo County's bed taxes and other tourism-related revenue. By protecting the opportunities that 

people visit for, the CDCRA will stimulate our economy, generating more customers for our 

businesses, and more revenue to the county. We encourage Congressman Paul Cook to support 

the CDCRA and to introduce legislation to protect our region's landscape and enhance our 

region's economy. Please let us know how we can assist in this effort. 

Signed, 

Susan Sorrells 

Shoshone Village, Shoshone, CA 

Crowbar Cafe, Shoshone, CA 

Suzi Dennett 

Death Valley Chamber of Commerce 
101 


Insert graphic folio 120 98942A.097

Mary King 

Shoshone Museum, Shoshone, CA 

Brian Brown 

China Ranch Date Farm, Tecopa, CA 

Amy Noel 

Tecopa Hot Springs Resort, Tecopa, CA 

Paul Barnes, Lara Murray, Ryan Thomas, Nancy Good 

The Tecopa Hot Springs Conservancy, concessionaires at 

Tecopa Hot Springs Campground and Pools, Tecopa, CA 

Karin Pine 

Tecopa Hot Springs Massage, Tecopa, CA 

Justin Blake 

The Second Wind Hot Water Retreat, Tecopa, CA 

John Malucci 

Pastels Bistro, Tecopa, CA 

Nancy Good 

New Light Foto Design, Tecopa, CA 

Ryan Thomas 

Kiltman Off-Road Adventures, Tecopa, CA 

Cynthia Keinitz 

Cynthia's Resort, Tecopa, CA 
102 


Insert graphic folio 121 98942A.098

• 

DESERT STEWARDSHIP PROJECT 

c/o 1450 University Avenue #F-524, Riverside, CA 92507 

909-936-6210 desertstewardship@yahoo.com 

January 14, 2015 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Honorable Paul Cook 

United States House of Representatives 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Congressman Cook and Senator Feinstein, 

As people of faith. we have participated in outings with our churches over the last year to some of the 

amazing desen and forest public lands in our state, including Joshua Tree National Park, Big Morongo 

Canyon Preserve. and the San Bernardino National forest. We have gone on hikes. explored nature. made 

music. broken bread, and enjoyed fellowship and spiritual contemplation with friends and family. all in 

the great outdoors. 

Without public lands, we would not have been able to focus our appreciation of God's Creation. Our time 

spent there was blessed with prayer and individual reflection, yet it was the surroundings that assured us 

that there is a greater source and that we are just a small part of a grand plan. 

We greatly appreciate your service to your constituents and efforts to keep our nation safe. including our 

public lands. 

\Ve write to you to express support and ask for your help on an important measure- the proposed 

Califomia Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. proposed by Senator Feinstein for introduction into 

Congress in January. Vv'e hope you can work together to move this !egis lation forward in Congress. 

We support this legislation's goals, from protecting public lands as national monuments, wilderness, and 

parks to ensuring that we can continue to access these lands for activities such as hiking, hunting. 

camping, viewing wildlife, oft:roadlng, and other existing activities. 

Sincerely, 

Life Teen 

trUvfU/1 ;/a~ /(6 

~~~ ~ 

~JJ~ 
103 


Insert graphic folio 122 98942A.099

The Honorable Diane Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

June 10, 2015 

Subject: S. 414- SUPPORT 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

PO Box 24638 -Tempe, AZ 85285 

888-540-7263 

www.americansandassociation.org 

President 

Bob Mason 

Board of Directors 

Bob Gagliano - Secretary Rick Rothwell -Treasurer 

JimBramham 

Gary Jordan 

Bob Ham 

Kerry Griggs 

Advisory Committee 

Jerry Seaver 

Vincent Brunasso 

Grant George 

Executive Director 

Nicole Nicholas Gilles 

In our previous letter to you of October, 2014, the American Sand Association (ASA), in conjunction 

with our fellow members of Ecologic, requested certain changes to the October 2014 draft of the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. We are very grateful that these concerns are 

partially addressed in your subsequent bill, S.414, and the proposed Expansion Study Area 

designation for the Spangler Hills. 

(ASA) believes this change will help its efforts to find suitably sized and permanent homes for the 

many OHV recreation activities and opportunities lost to last year's expansion of the Marine base at 

Twentynine Palms, and to the further 3,400 acre loss proposed in S.414. 

As you may recall, the ASA in our October 30'h letter, also recommended that you consider including 

the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area as a permanently designated OHV recreation area. ASA 

believes this area has undergone exhaustive studies and in your original Desert Protection Act most 

of the sand dune area north of State Route 78 was designated as Wilderness. We would hope as 

your S. 414 continues to move through the legislative process that you will be amenable to 

consideration of amendments that may be proposed to include ISDRA as a designated OHV 

recreation area. We have spoken to representatives of the County of Imperial and are assured that 

there would be no opposition from that source should this proposal become part of the final measure. 

As this bill continues through the legislative process, be assured that we intend to fully support its 

passage, although we continue to urge you to keep an open mind towards the additional OHV 

protections that we are suggesting. 

As stated in our previous letter, ASA applauds you for your willingness to consider protection of open 

space for recreation as an important public policy interest along with protection of wilderness values. 

We have long maintained that when lands are selected for inclusion in the Wilderness Preservation 

System and OHV recreational use in these same areas becomes displaced, alternative lands should 

be designated for permanent OHV recreation. Your draft bill represents the first time this principle is 

receiving serious consideration. 
104 


Insert graphic folio 123 98942A.100

2 

OHV recreation on the 1.8 million acres covered in your bill provides significant economic benefits to 

the many communities in the California Desert. It also represents a legal and appropriate outlet for 

millions of urban dwellers from around the world to enjoy and gain respect for America's Great 

Outdoors. OHV's provide a healthy activity for kids and bonding experiences for families. Therefore, 

it is important that we protect both the recreational activities and the vast natural landscapes in the 

desert because both go hand-in-hand. This is why ASA is proud to support S.414, the California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015. 

Sincerely, 

Bob Mason 

President 

support feinstein 06012015.final 
105 


Insert graphic folio 124 98942A.101

California Motorized Recreation Council 

CMRC 

The Honorable Diane Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D. C. 20S10 

July 21, 2015 

Subject: s. 414 Support 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The California Motorized Recreation Council (CMRC) is an organization of Off Highway Vehicle 

recreation organizations. Its membership is; American Sand Association (ASA), American 

Motorcyclist Association (AMA), American Motorcyclist association District 36 (AMA D 36), 

American Motorcyclist Association District 37 (AMA D 37), California Four Wheel Drive 

Association Inc., California/Nevada Snowmobile Association (CNSA), Off-Road Business 

Association (ORBA). CMRC's mission is promoting and expanding responsible and meaningful 

motorized recreation in California. 

CMRC members have worked with you, your staff and many other supporters to reach balance 

towards the protection of responsible use on public land. CMRC believes that without a 

responsible approach to the management of public land, it will either be overrun by 

irresponsible uses or closed. 

CMRC applauds the balance approach that has been used to bringS. 414 forward to protect 

public land and its many uses. 

Jerry Grabow 

President 

California Motorized Recreation Counsel 

1701 Westwind Dr. Suite 108 

Bakersfield, CA 93301 
106 


Insert graphic folio 125 98942A.102

November 21, 2014 

The Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein: 

California Association of 4 Wheel Drive Clubs 

Natural Resources Consultant - South 

Over 50 years advocating for recreation 

While the main focus of CA4WDC is to protect, promote, and provide for motorized recreation 

opportunities on public and private lands, many of our members participate in multiple forms of recreation; 

including but not limited to hunting, fishing, camping, hiking, horseback riding, bicycle riding, and gem and 

mineral collection. 

We recognize the positive health and social benefits that can be achieved through outdoor activities. We 

also recognize that motorized recreation provides the small business owners in the local communities a 

significant financial stimulus. And, our members are directly affected by management decisions 

concerning public land use. CA4WDC supports the concept of managed recreation and believes it is 

prudent and appropriate management to identity areas where off-highway vehicle use is appropriate. 

Our members subscribe to the concepts of: 1) public access to public lands for their children and 

grandchildren; 2) condition and safety of the environment; and 3) sharing our natural heritage. The 

general public desires access to public lands now and for future generations. Limiting access today 

deprives our children the opportunity to view the many natural wonders of public lands. The general 

public is deeply concerned about the condition of the environment and personal safety. They desire 

wildlife available for viewing and scenic vistas to enjoy. They also want to feel safe while enjoying these 

natural wonders. Lastly, the public desires to share the natural heritage with friends and family today as 

well as in the future. How can our children learn and appreciate our natural heritage when native species 

are allowed to deteriorate and historic routes are routinely blocked or eradicated from existence? 

After reviewing the text of the proposed CALIFORNIA DESERT CONSERVATION AND RECREATION 

and DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY ON PUBLIC LAND, S. __ as submitted by Senator 

Feinstein for submission to the 114'" Congress, the California Association of 4 Wheel Drive Clubs 

(CA4WDC) provides the following conditional support. 

CA4WDC supports the proposed legislation AS written. The proposed legislation does include continued 

OHV use of designated routes within the proposed monument boundaries and codifying OHV recreation 

in the Imperial Dunes Recreation Area. These are important issues of concern to our membership. 

Further, CA4WDC withdraws its support for this proposed legislation should the proposal be submitted for 

consideration as a Presidential Proclamation/Executive Order under the Antiquities Act of 1906 absent 

inclusion of the complete tone and intent of the proposed legislation concerning OHV issues of concern to 

CA4WDC membership in the final Proclamation. 

John Stewart 

CA4WDC Natural Resources Consultant 

(619) 508-8840 

Jstewart@mac.com 

8120 36th Avenue 

Sacramento, CA 95824 

ca4wdc@caf4wheel com 

www cal4wbeel com {800) 4x4-FUNN 

{916) 381-8300 

Fax (916) 381-8726 
107 


Insert graphic folio 126 98942A.103

October 30, 2014 

Gatzke Dillon & Ballance LLP LAWYERS 

Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

By Electronic Mail 

Re: Support for and suggested revisions to proposed Desert Protection bill 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

This finn represents a number of family-oriented recreation groups and business organizations in 

California and the western United States, including EcoLogic Partners, Inc., the American Sand 

Association, the American Motorcyclists Association District 37, and the Off-Road Business 

Association. Each of these groups is dedicated to preserving public access to public lands, but 

each is mindful that these public lands are ecologically sensitive and must be properly managed. 

My clients and their members routinely engage in recreational activities in Southern California 

that involve the use of off-highway vehicles (OHVs). The popularity of this type of recreation 

continues to grow as families realize that children and teenagers need to spend more time 

outdoors, but within the safe embrace of their parents, relatives, and mends. For those who live 

in California, the Mojave and Colorado deserts provide an excellent antidote to violent 

videogames and urban stress. 

One of the most popular OHV and camping areas in the California desert is located in Johnson 

Valley, near Lucerne, California. Johnson Valley consists primarily of federal land administered 

by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) for the benefit of the public. As the Senators knows, 

the Department of Defense and the Department of the Navy recently requisitioned a large portion 

of Johnson Valley to accommodate expansion of the United States Marine Corps Base at 

Twenty-Nine Palms. My clients greatly appreciate the Senators efforts to minimize the amount 

ofland lost to the public as a result of the base expansion. 

We have watched closely as the Senator's new Desert Protection bill has evolved. In some cases, 

we have provided input and asked for language to be inserted or removed from the proposed bill. 

We are happy to report that at each turn, the Senator and her staff have been exceedingly 

receptive and responsive to our requests, even when not granting them. We are now informed 

that the bill is once again on the move and that the Senator is inviting additional comment on its 

language, albeit for a short period of time. 

1)50 

l12009 ](){) J l)l;.? 
108 


Insert graphic folio 127 98942A.104

G I D I B Gatzke Dillon & Ballance LLP 

LAWYERS 

Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein 

October 30, 2014 

Page2 

On behalf of my clients, I would like to offer the following: 

First, we support the bill as revised. 

Second, we think the bill could be improved by designating additional land for expansion of 

existing BLM OHV areas. Specifically, we recommend that the bill enlarge the Spangler OHV 

area, which is located southeast of the town of Ridgecrest. As shown on the attached map, the 

proposed expansion areas are to the north and southeast of the existing Spangler OHV area. The 

proposed expansion zones abut the existing OHV area and would add approximately 41,400 

acres to the existing open OHV inventory. In light of the tens of thousands of acres removed 

from public use at Johnson Valley due to the USMC base expansion, the proposed enlargement 

at Spangler is fair, appropriate, and can be easily incorporated into BLM's existing management 

regime. 

Third, we would reiterate our earlier request that the bill expressly identify certain recreational 

areas as designated OHV parks or zones, such as the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area. It is 

important to the recreating public that these areas receive Congressional designation that protects 

current uses into the future. 

Thank you for your time, attention, and hard work on behalf of the people of California. 

Very truly yours, 

David 

~;?~~ P. Hubbard ~ 7 

of 

Gatzke Dillon & Ballance LLP 

DPH/rlf 

Attachment 

Cc: EcoLogic Partners, Inc. 

American Sand Association 

American Motorcyclists Association 

District 37 

Off-Road Business Association 
109 


Insert graphic folio 128 98942A.105

Legend 

MilitaryMilitary· 
110 


Insert graphic folio 129 98942A.106

Representing the users of the Dumont Dunes Off-Highway Vehicle Area 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

One Post Street, Suite 2450 

San Francisco, CA 94101 

Dear Senator 

December 2, 2014 

Friends of Dumont Dunes is an organization that represents the users small dune area 

known as the Dumont Dunes OHV Recreation Area. Our organization is a partner of the Bureau of land 

Management's Barstow field Office and for over fifteen years we have provided volunteer and material 

assistance to the operations of the Dumont Dunes OHV Recreation Area. 

The Dumont Dunes OHV Recreation Area, at just 10,500 acres, admittedly sounds small 

compared to the four other OHV recreation areas proposed in your California Desert and Recreation Act 

("CDRA"). However, this intensive OHV use area attracts tens of thousands of Californians and 

Nevadans each year who are looking for unique, family oriented recreational activity to enjoy. 

Furthermore, its boundaries are stable and all land within public land. It is important to note 

that the Amargosa River crossing was exempted from the Wild and Scenic River designation awarded by 

Congress in the Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of 2009 in large part to accommodate this 

important OHV recreation area. 

With the potential for renewable energy to encroach on the Silurian Valley, preserving the 

Dumont Dunes OHV Recreation Area for future generations of outdoor enthusiasts is more important 

now than ever. As such, Friends of Dumont Dunes is asking that the Dumont Dunes OHV Recreation 

Area be included in the California Desert and Recreation Act as a permanent OHV recreation area. 

friends of Dumont Dunes would be happy to support this historic legislation once our beloved 

area is included in the protected designation. 

Sincerely, 

Terry Allen, President 

Friends of Dumont Dunes 
111 


Insert graphic folio 130 98942A.107

/ 

\ 

~Friends of the 

... Desert Mountains 

May 1,2015 

Senator Diane Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

51-500 Jiigh\IU} 7-J 

1).o.nu~ 128J 

Palm Dt-st:rl, CA 92261 

Friends of the Desert Mountains is a non-profit land conservation organization, established in 1987 and 

based in Palm Desert, California. Friends has a three part mission: 

l. To acquire and preserve conservation land in support of the Coachella Valley Multiple Species 

Habitat Conservation Plan; to date we have either directly acquired or assisted with the 

acquisition of over 50,000 acres of conservation land in and around the Valley. 

2. To act as the support organization for education, conservation and research for the 280,000 acre 

Santa Rosa & San Jacinto Mountains National Monument. 

3. To promote educational outreach for the biological, cultural and aesthetic resources of the 

Coachella Valley. 

The areas sought to be preserved by the Californian Desert Conservation and Recreation Act are not 

only critical recreational resources but also essential to the integrity of southern California desertmountain ecology. 

74530.00501\9752133, l 
112 


Insert graphic folio 131 98942A.108

Friends of 

Jawbone 

sustainable trail recreation 

May 7, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Rc: 5.414 CalifOrnia Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

Friends of Jawbone 

PO Box 1902 

Cantil, CA 93519 

jawbone@wildbfue.net 

(760) 373-1146 

www.jawbone.org 

Friends of Jawbone is a long-time partner of the Bureau of Land Management's Ridgecrest 

Field Office. We've raised millions of dollars in grants and thousands of volunteer hours to assist 

the BLM manage OHV recreation in Eastern Kern County. 

I am writing today to express our support for S.414, the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act. Your bill offers some of the strongest protections for OHV recreation to ever be 

introduced in the United States Congress and we thank you for that. 

The Spangler Hills OHV Area is the largest OHV area in our region and it has grown in 

importance since last year's Marine Corps expansion into Johnson Valley which took nearly onethird of all OHV recreations area acreage in the California Desert. We now have to look to the 

Spangler Hills OHV Area to absorb this devastating loss of OHV opportunity. 

However, now a boom of wind energy development in Eastern Kern County is threatening 

to encroach on the Spangler Hills OHV Area and we fear even more loss of OHV recreation lands 

to this new and aggressive competing use. 

That is why Friends of Jawbone especially supports the designation of the Spangler Hills 

OHV Recreation Area in your California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. We also 

appreciate your proposal to designate an Expansion Study for Spangler that would reenable 

competitive use of the popular "C' routes that are currently outside this OHV recreation area. To 

us, this signals your understanding of the need to make up for some of OHV's lost acreage and lost 

opportunities for organized events. 

Given its great importance to both our desert communities and our metropolitan residents, 

it is important that we enact protections for managed and sustainable OHV-based recreation on the 

public lands in the California Desert. We look forward to working with you to do exactly that. t' s;"'""'· l! . &vtW&ik ll( 

EdWa!dheim 

President 
113 


Insert graphic folio 132 98942A.109

Friends of El Mirage 

MayS, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

• 75 CoiJSa Rd, El Mirage, CA 92301 • (760) 388-4411 

'Milmlstet@elnif31!e.org '"""'elnif3l!l'.org 

Re: California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (5.414! 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

Friends of El Mirage is a cooperative partner of the Bureau of Land 

Management's Barstow Field Office and assists with the operations of the popular El 

Mirage OHV Recreation Area. For fifteen years we have brought together user groups 

to provide volunteers and grant-based funds for visitor services, OHV safety, and 

environmental stewardship. 

We are excited to support your California Desert Conservation and Recreation 

Act (S.414) because of the strong protections it proposes for the El Mirage OHV 

Recreation Area. We are also delighted by the inclusion of the proposed Expansion 

Study Area which we requested in our letter to you on November 26, 2014. 

The center piece of this OHV recreation area is the El Mirage dry lakebed. At 

more than five miles long and up to a mile and a half wide, the lakebed sees a most 

unusual array of activities. Sailers Cove is home to world class wind sailing, and 

Gyrocopter Cove hosts ultra-light and gyrocopter flying enthusiasts. The Southern 

California Timing Association has been conducting land speed racing events across the 

lakebed since 1937 and maintains the official roster of the El Mirage 200 MPH Club. 

Other recreational pursuits on the lakebed include model rocketry and remote control 

aircraft flying. The lakebed also enjoys a steady stream of movie, television and music 

video projects. 

But by far, the most popular recreational activity at El Mirage is OHV riding. 

Located just one hour north of San Bernardino, the El Mirage OHV Recreation Area is 

the largest and closest OHV area to residents of Southern California, attracting over 

100,000 visitors annually. Here families come to ride their OHV's, camp, and enjoy 

quality time together in the great outdoors. 

A Proud Partner of the Bureau of Land Management 
114 


Insert graphic folio 133 98942A.110

The Friends of El Mirage believes that this special area should be protected from 

renewable energy development and other competing uses for current and future OHV 

users. That is why we strongly support the designation of the El Mirage OHV 

Recreation Area and Expansion Study Area in your California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act. 

We look forward to working with you to protect recreational opportunities in the 

California Desert. 

S

. 1 /. meere y, t .' ( k " ,I / '·· .~ '1 • . { / .c- , r~ . . . • . cil:U.t..J,J.~ ·d!.: lvk 

Ed Waldheim, President 

Friends of El Mirage 
115 


Insert graphic folio 134 98942A.111

FRIENDS 

0 F THE 

RIVER 

May 1, 2015 

FRIENDS OF THE RIVER 

1418 20'" STREET- SUITE 100, SACRAMENTO, CA 95811 

PHONE: 916/442-3155 0 FAX: 916/442-3396 

WWW. FR! END SOFTH ERIV ER. ORG 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington DC 20210 

Re: S. 414- The California Desert Conservation & Recreation Act of2015- SUPPORT 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

Friends of the River strongly supports S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation 

Act of2015- your bill to protect lands and streams in the California Desert as National 

Monuments, Wilderness, and Wild & Scenic Rivers. 

At first glance, the California Desert seems dry, barren, and largely bereft of life. But hidden 

away in the forbidding landscape, water flows above ground to support lush riparian habitat that 

attracts hundreds of species of migrating neotropical songbirds. These streams also provide 

watering holes for endangered bighorn sheep and other desert wildlife. Not surprisingly, these 

desert oases have attracted people for thousands of years. And today, visitors often marvel at 

these streams of life in an otherwise desolate but magnificent region. 

Your bill proposes to protect 73 miles of Wild & Scenic Rivers, including segments of Deep 

Creek and the Whitewater River flowing from the San Bernardino Mountains into the Mojave 

Desert and Coachella Valley. The bill also protects segments of the Amargosa River and 

Surprise Canyon in the Mojave Desert near Death Valley National Park. All of these streams are 

ecologically significant areas that support habitat for many sensitive, threatened, and endangered 

species. They are all rich in Native American cultural values. And they all offer rare 

opportunities for river-based outdoor recreation in a stark desert setting. 

Thank you for proposing the protection of Wild & Scenic Rivers, Wilderness, and National 

Monuments inS. 414. Friends of the River is looking forward to working with you to secure 

passage of this important legislation. 

Sincerely, 

~"'-- Steven L. Evans 

Wild Rivers Consultant 
116 


Insert graphic folio 135 98942A.112

Tilt 

TRUST 

for 

PU-BLIC 

LAND May 5, 2015 

-Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

101ut,:·'!'1l\()t!·~~ 331 Hart Building 

"oo Washington, DC 20510 

s,,,r,l'\ ' 'i-W}4 

-1rs ·Ns-snfio Dear Senator Feinstein: -!!5 

"""!pi 

The Trust for Public Land is pleased to support S.414, the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act of2015. This legislation includes important conservation priorities, 

while also taking into account the concerns of a multitude of stakeholders in this 

resource-rich geography. 

Since 1972, The Trust for Public Land has worked to protect land for people to enjoy 

across the state of Califorrtia. From the redwood forests of the North Coast to the deserts 

of Southern California, we work with communities and land protection agencies to ensure 

that natural areas are preserved and that people have access to those areas for outdoor 

recreation. Those goals are also embodied in your legislation. 

We applaud the proposed designations of the Mojave Trails National Monument and the 

Sand to Snow National Monument, as well as the additions to the National Park Service 

units located in the Cal Desert. We also support the principle of consolidating lands 

through exchanges, This will benefit wildlife corridors, improve public access, and 

reduce conflicts pertaining to economic activities. 

Two decades ago, the California Desert Protection Act was a outstanding achievement. 

Enactment of this new legislation will build on that solid foundation for the benefit of the 

people ofCaliforrtia and throughout the nation. We look forward to working with you as 

the bill progresses to ensure lasting conservation in this remarkable desert landscape. 

Sincerely, 

Gina M. Fromer 

California State Director 

The Trust for Public Land 
117 


Insert graphic folio 136 98942A.113

Mojave Desert Land Trust 

61732 '29 Palms Hwy. Joshua Tree. CA 92252 Ph 760.366.5440 Fox 688.869.4981 W'lvw.rnojovedesertlondlrvsl.org 

September 24,2014 

RESOLUTION BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS 

OF MOJAVE DESERT LAND TRUST 

WHEREAS, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2014 (CDCRA) is expected to be introduced 

in the United States Senate by Dianne Feinstein and will be very similar to the California Desert Protection Act of 

2011; and 

WHEREAS, Mojave Desert land Trust holds title to certain lands known as the Kerfoot and Quail Mountain 

properties which would be added to Joshua Tree National Park under the CDCRA; and 

WHEREAS, the CDCRA would lead to increased conservation protection and recreation for roughly 1.6 million 

acres of land in Mojave Desert Land Trust's service area; therefore 

The Board of Directors of the Mojave Desert Land Trust hereby resolves to support the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2014. 

Certified by: 

~ -t.- ?Vt . /)...--; -

John M. Simpso?,secretarytothe Board 
118 


Insert graphic folio 137 98942A.114

PEW 

CHAF!.ITABL£ TRUST$ 

April27, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

U.S. Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

2005 Marke-t Street. Su1te 1700 

Philadelphia. PA i9103-7077 

901 E Street NW, 1Oth Floor 

Washmgton. DC 20004 

ww.v pf'wuusts.orq 

21.) 5-75 9050 Phone 

215 575 4939 Fax 

202 552 2000 Phone 

202 552 2299 Fax 

On behalf of The Pew Charitable Trusts, I write to express our strong support for S. 414, the California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA). Your dedication and leadership on behalf of the 

California Desert over many years is to be commended, and we stand ready to assist you in any way 

possible to ensure that your legislation is quickly approved by the !14th Congress and signed into law. 

The Pew Charitable Trusts' U.S. Public Lands program works to protect our nation's unique natural 

heritage through Congressional legislation designating wilderness and other public lands protections, 

through administrative planning in the West, and through Presidential proclamations of national 

monuments. Our work is focused in locations where there is strong local support. Each processlegislative, administrative, and Presidential proclamation-plays an important role in balancing 

competing interests for the nation's public lands. 

As such, Pew has been a partner in the Campaign for the California Desert for almost ten years. We have 

long supported your efforts on behalf of the desert, and were greatly heartened when you introduced S. 

414 earlier this year. Working with state and local California conservation organizations, we have helped 

develop a diverse assembly of support for protecting the desert-from local business owners, chambers of 

commerce, city councils and county supervisors to off-road vehicle enthusiasts, hikers, community 

leaders, and veterans. This is truly one of the most unique and broad-based groups of supporters for a 

conservation initiative that we have worked with and is a testament to your efforts on behalf of the desert. 

We deeply appreciate and value your leadership on behalf ofthe California Desert. We look forward to 

continuing to work with you to ensure these special wild lands and recreation areas are protected for 

future generations to enjoy and appreciate. 

Sincerely, 

nat:~ MikeMatz 

Director, U.S. Public Lands 

The Pew Charitable Trusts 
119 


Insert graphic folio 138 98942A.115

II Conservation 

Lands 

Foundation 

Protecting America's Heritage 

May2,2015 

Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

Conservation Lands Foundation would like to extend our strong support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA), and commend you for your steadfast leadership on 

desert conservation. This bill will make huge strides in protecting the irreplaceable scenic, 

ecological, geological, archeological, historic, and recreational values that make the California 

desert such a unique and nationally significant landscape. By adding more than a million acres to 

the Bureau of Land Management's National Conservation Lands, CDCRA will permanently 

protect our heritage and economy, and offer a broad range of outdoor recreation activities for the 

public. 

Conservation Lands Foundation appreciates your work to consider the needs of a broad array of 

stakeholders in the legislation. In addition to designating two national monuments, new 

wilderness areas and over 80 miles of wild and scenic rivers, the bill will also ensure that 

hundreds of cherished off-road routes remain open, and that conservation of the region is 

compatible with other needs such as the upgrade and maintenance of utility infrastructure. 

Wilderness, national monument and national park designations have been shown to generate 

substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local employment and tax 

revenue. The desert boasts some of the most spectacular scenery in the nation, helping to make 

tourism and recreation an essential part of the local and state economy. In 2010 alone, visitors 

generated $52.5 million of economic activity in San Bernardino County, providing important tax 

revenue. In 2013, visitors to Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and the Mojave 

National Preserve pumped $165 million into the region's economy, supporting nearly 2,000 jobs. 

Mirroring other areas, visitation is projected to continue to increase following the new 

designations contained in CDCRA, as these areas become more renown. 

Additionally, the proposed designations will contribute to the region's unparalleled desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies. Protected 

public lands will continue to provide local residents and visitors alike with opportunities for 

many recreational activities including hiking, hunting, horseback riding, rock climbing, 

photography, camping, wildlife viewing, appropriate off-highway vehicle use, and scientific 

research. Protecting these places ensures that future generations can continue to enjoy them. 

Conservation Lands Foundation strongly supports your efforts to protect and enhance the 

California desert, and encourages you to employ all means at your disposal to achieve 

CDCRA's important desert conservation objectives. 

835 E 2"" Ave #314 • Durango, CO 81301 • 970.247.0807 • www.Conservationlands.org 
120 


Insert graphic folio 139 98942A.116

Sincerely, 

~;..fiV/ 

Brian O'Donnell, Executive Director 

Conservation Lands Foundation 

CC: 

Honorable Senator Barbara Boxer 

Honorable Representative Paul Cook 

Honorable Representative Raul Ruiz 

Honorable Representative Paul Vargas 

Honorable Secretary Sally Jewell 
121 


Insert graphic folio 140 98942A.117

lnlandAction 

May4,2015 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

A non-profit non-partisan co1porat1on of public spuite<i 

lt><td&rs who hav~ joined togPthin 10 be <at,.lyst:!i ft>r th{?-

e<:.onomic we-ll-being of the Inland Empire region <tf California 

sine~ l962 

I am writing today to express Inland Action's support for the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. Inland Action is a non-profit, non-partisan organization that focuses on the 

economic well-being of the Inland Empire regions of southern California. 

Like your landmark CDPA of 1994, this bill will make huge strides in protecting the irreplaceable 

scenic, ecological and recreational values that make the California desert such a special place. The 

legislation encompasses unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally 

important, and scenic areas of public land in the California desert. In addition to designating two 

national monuments, new wilderness areas and over 80 miles of wild and scenic rivers, the bill will also 

congressionally designate four off-highway vehicle open areas as national recreation areas as well as 

ensure that many important off-road routes remain open. This is unprecedented for a wilderness bill, 

and I applaud you for striking a balance between the enviromnental and recreational communities. 

We support this comprehensive bill because it recognizes the importance of conservation and energy 

commitments, outlines recreational uses-including off-highway vehicle use, provides for thorough 

management strategies in land preservation, and benefits our region. 

Thank you for your leadership and continued efforts toward preserving this magnificent landscape and 

the recreation and environmental opportunities that it o:ffurs. 

Sincerely, 

Carole Beswick, CEO 

114 South Del Rosa Drive, 1068, San Bernardino, CA 92408 J Tel. 909-382-4018 1 Fax. 909-792-8742 f www.tnlandActlon.eom 
122 


Insert graphic folio 141 98942A.118

Presid~nt 

RE: S.414 California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015 

and you to 
123 


Insert graphic folio 142 98942A.119

PR£SlDE:'Io'T: 

VICF>PRESIDEl'\T; 

Elizabeth Warren- NV 

Dr.JamesJcffrrson 

RESOLUTION OF THE OLD SPANISH TRAIL ASSOCIATION (OSTA) 

SUPPORTING SENATE lliLL 414, 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of20J5 

Senator Dianne Feinstein has introduced the 

Recreation ACT of20 !5 (SA !4); and 

important, 

Desert 

the Desert Cons~rvation Arl.;'a as wild and scenic 

rivers, national monuments. and National Park and Preserve additions; and 

National Historic 

\V11EREAS, OSTA 

visual/physical alteration 

projects minimize specific direct effects. indirect effects and 

impacts integrity of the trail and the trail con-1dor; and 

CC: 

the 
124 


Insert graphic folio 143 98942A.120

The Conservation 

Alliance 

Outdoor Business Giving Back to the Outdoors 

November 4, 2014 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Subject: Outdoor Business Support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

On behalf of our membership of nearly 200 outdoor industry companies, thank you for drafting the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA). We are grateful that you have plan to 

introduce this historic measure in 2015. Like your landmark CDPA of 1994, the new bill will make huge 

strides in protecting the irreplaceable scenic, ecological and recreational values that make the California 

desert such a special place. As people who earn much of our livelihoods from recreation on America's 

public lands, we applaud your proposals to: 

Designate 346,108 acres as wilderness in seven areas; 

Establish the 75,575-acre Vinagre Wash Special Management Area; 

Enlarge Death Valley National Park by 40,740 acres, Mojave National Preserve by 29,246 acres 

and Joshua Tree National Park by 2,904 acres; 

Add over 76 miles of streams to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System; 

• Establish the 941,413-acre Mojave Trails National Monument; 

• Designate the 133,524-acre Sand to Snow National Monument; and 

Enlarge Anza-Borrego Desert State Park 

We also support your pioneering efforts to encourage alternative energy development in the desert on 

appropriate sites such as previously disturbed areas near existing roads and utilities and not in the 

backcountry far from existing infrastructure. 

Thank you for your leadership in desert conservation. Please do not hesitate to call upon us to help you 

build support for the CDCRA. 

Sincerely, 

John Sterling 

Executive Director 

PO Box 1275, Bend, OR 977091 (541)389-24241 www.conservationalliance.com 
125 


Insert graphic folio 144 98942A.121

LATINO CONSERVATION ALLIANCE 

,.._ 

HECHO 

.. 

:e: 

.. H'>FA'-IC'<<:NJOY,NGUMP'"!l 

KU'" ... ~ A~~ "'E Ov'DOO~S 

~0 Hispanic ~ \ Access 9../ Foundat1on • hispanicfederation La Madre Tierra 

August 21, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: Support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The Latino Conservation Alliance- a group of six national Latino organizations dedicated to promoting 

conservation priorities in our communities- strongly supports 5.414, the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. We believe this bill will help preserve California's precious natural resources and improve 

access to the outdoors, which is essential to the Latino community's health, culture and the future of our 

children. Should Congress not make sufficient progress in 2015 in bringing this legislation to fruition, we also 

support the use of the Antiquities Act to enact key provisions of the legislation including the protection of Mojave 

Trails, Sand to Snow, and the Castle Mountains as National Monuments. 

Celebrating the 20th anniversary of the California Desert Protection Act, latlno youth and families led by faith 

leaders from the low desert enjoyed popular recreational activities in the California desert and wilderness. From 

this experience, the youth left inspired to become the next generation of conservation stewards, while the faith 

leaders felt a moral obligation to see the desert extended greater protections. Then early this spring, Latino faith 

leaders from the high desert convened to discuss the importance of protecting the California desert and took 

youth on a hike in Big Morongo Canyon Preserve to better understand the need for desert conservation. 

In this time of changing demographics- estimates show that Latinos make up about 50 percent of the desert 

population -LCA recognizes the importance of sharing this important voice favoring the protection of our public 

lands with decision makers and policy makers. Pol! after poll shows a vast majority of Latinos support protecting 

our public lands. For instance, the 2015 Colorado College State of the Rockies Po!! found that when it comes to 

specific environmental priorities, there is nearly unanimous Latino support for protecting and conserving natural 

areas for future generations (97 percent), protecting and conserving wildlife habitat (96 percent) and making sure 

that rangers have the resources they need to take care of public lands and provide services to visitors (96 

percent). 

While many may take these amazing desert lands for granted, we understand the threats- to native 

groundwater supplies, to wildlife corridors, and encroachment from community and renewable energy 

development- facing the desert. Without taking further steps to protect the natural resources, cultural heritage, 

quality of life and economic benefits the California desert provides, future generations will not be able to enjoy it 

as we do today. 

Thank you for being a constant champion for the California desert. 
126 


Insert graphic folio 145 98942A.122

LATINO CONSERVATION ALLIANCE 

tlllllh.., 

HECHO 

.. :e: 

.. <t,\:OA\rCS ~'lJOY,NG CAMPENG 

~I." • NG ~~;:, TH!: OvT~OO~S 

~r(Y Hispanic =::: \ Access Q/ Foundation La Madre • Tierra hispanicfederation 

Sincerely, 

Green Latinos 

Hispanic Access Foundation 

Hispanics Enjoying Camping, Hunting, and the Outdoors (HECHO) 

Hispanic Federation 

La Madre Tierra 

Latino Outdoors 
127 


Insert graphic folio 146 98942A.123

Great Outdoors Palm Springs 

July28,2015 

Great Outdoors Palm Springs passed a resolution in support of the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act (CDCRA): 

A RESOUTllON SUPPORTfNG WILDERNESS, WILD AND SCENIC RIVERS, 

NATIONAL MONUMENTS. NATIONAL PARK AND PRESERVE ADDITIONS IN THE 

CALIFORNIA DESERT C001SERVA TION AND RECREATION ACT OF 2015 

Dated Julv 2R. 2015 
128 


Insert graphic folio 147 98942A.124

The H,•norable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washint,>ton, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

December 22, 2014 

Each of the undersigned organizations support public lands bills that are generated from 

the bottom up, are the result of processes that meaningfully engage all relevant local 

stakeholders, and that provide for responsible recreational access where appropriate. 

Further, those who live, work and recreate on or near the public lands in question are the 

most impacted by such legislation, and with regard to off-highway vehicle (OHV) 

recreation specifically, local OHVers are those who best know and ride the trails and areas 

and have the best understanding of which trails and areas are most important, and where 

boundaries must be drawn to protect prime riding locations. As a result the undersigned 

have supported your California Desert Protection Act in previous sessions of Congress. 

We are aware that you are already working with local OHV organizations to protect 

additional OHV opportunities as a part of this legislation and we look forward to the 

opportunity to continue to work with you on this legislation in the I 14th Congress. 

We would also like to take this opportunity to thank you for the efforts you and your staff 

have taken to reach out to stakeholders who often have divergent viewpoints and 

expectations. 

While we believe that the overwhelming majority of public lands should continue to be 

managed by the relevant land management agency for multiple uses, including motorized 

recreation, certain exceptional areas may deserve special designation and protection. Too 

often land use, or wilderness, bills are introduced without significant buy-in from all 

affected constituencies and without regard for the Multiple-Use, Sustained-Yield Act 

which requires that public lands be administered for a variety of uses. This unnecessarily 

results in contentious and often drawn out processes that inevitably leave few satisfied and 

many dismayed. It is our belief that the process should work much like it has with your 

bill, which provides for multiple uses and statutorily recognizes OHV recreation as a 

valuable use of our public lands. 

We were also pleased to hear from your staff that you are committed to all elements of the 

bill. lt was made quite clear to us that you do not intend to move forward with this bill if 

key components are dropped or significantly altered. In particular your staff made it clear 

that you would not move forward if the OHV recreation areas were removed from the 

legislation or substantially amended. We understand that the legislative process can be 

long and tedious, but your commitment at the outset to each of the individual components 

of the bill as they have been agreed upon will make for a stronger coalition moving 

forward. 

As noted above, we support locally driven legislative processes; however, we oppose 

unilateral executive action to designate large areas, such as the lands encompassed by the 

California Desert Protection Act, as National Monuments, and will actively oppose any 

effort to designate the entirety or a large cross-section of the area as a National Monument 

• 1225 Eye Street NW • Suite 600 • Washington, DC 20005 • PH: (202) 336-5116 o 
129 


Insert graphic folio 148 98942A.125

We will oppose such action irrespective of any "guarantees" that the Monument will be 

managed in accordance with the principles outlined in your legislation or assurances of 

OHV activity being protected by the designation. It is our experience that management 

plans for Monuments-move away from allowing responsible multiple use activities over 

time and towards locking out the public who wishes to access the area, making any 

"guarantees" moot. 

Thank you for your continued commitment to multiple uses of public lands. We stand 

ready to work with you in the upcoming session of Congress. 

Larry 

~-~~ Smith 

Executive Director 

Americans for Responsible Recreational Access 

Don Amador 

Western Representative 

BlueRibbon Coalition, Inc. 

Russ Elmes 

Executive Director 

National Off-Highway Vehicle Conservation Council 

le;a a.r~ra(, Kathy VanKleeck 

Senior Vice President 

Government Relations 

Specialty Vehicle Institute of America 

Sincerely, 

Nicole Nicholas Gilles 

Executive Director 

American Sand Association 

Duane Taylor 

Director, Federal Affairs 

Motorcycle Industry Council 

~1~ Tom Yager 

Vice President 

Recreational Off-Highway Vehicle Association 

fi~ ffi_CJ1r!WfLori McCullough 

Executive Director 

Tread Lightly! 
130 


Insert graphic folio 149 98942A.126

July 23,2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

33 I Hart Senate Office Building 

wa,hington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Sen. Feinstein: 

AmericanMotorcydist.com 

The American Motorcyclist Association is pleased to inform you of our conditional support for S. 414, 

the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015. This conditional support comes followin~ 

careful analysis of the bill, including consultation with many of our local members. The proposal to 

administratively designate a number of existing, managed off-highway-vehicle recreation sites as 

permanent official OHV recreation areas is particularly important to the AMA. 

Founded in I 924, the AMA is the premier advocate of the motorcycling community. We represent the 

interests of millions of on- and off-highway motorcyclists. Our mission is to promote the motorcycling 

lifestyle and protect the future of motorcycling. The AMA represents tens of thousands of riders 

throughout California and the surrounding states. 

The AMA appreciates your office's considerable efforts to reach out to the OHV community in making 

this bill better for all users of our public lands. In particular, our members support§ 1801 of the bill that 

proposes to designate a number of existing OHV recreation sites as permanent official OHV recreation 

areas. §180l(a) states: 

"--In accordance with the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 (43 U.S. C. 1701 et 

seq.) and resource management plans developed under this title and subject to valid ri?,hts, the 

fi;l/owing land within the Conservation Area in San Bernardino County, California, is designated 

as Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation Areas:" 

SpccificaHy, § 1801 would administratively codify the following OHV recreation areas as official sites: 

(!)Dumont Dunes; (2) El Mirage; (3) Rasor; (4) Spangler Hills; and (5) Stoddard Valley. 

The aforementioned designated and prescribed uses enumerated in § 180 I (a) would benefit all responsible 

motorized recreationists and their families. In subsection (b), the purpose of these OHV designated areas 

states: 

"(b) Purpose-The purpose of the ofl-hi?,hway vehicle recreation areas designated under 

subsection (a) is to preserve and enhance the recreational opportunities within the Conservation 

Area (including opportunities for off-highway vehicle recreation), while conserving the wildlife 

and other natural resource values of the Conservation Area." 

Our support is contingent upon all of §180! remaining intact as currently drafted. Any efforts to weaken 

or amend the protections offered on behalf of these OHV recreation areas would result in the withdrawal 

of our conditional support. 
131 


Insert graphic folio 150 98942A.127

The Honorable Feinstein 

July 23,2015 

Page Two 

The AMA truly appreciates the considerable effort of your team, thus far, to create a more diverse and 

inclusive land-use standard in S. 414. However, there are a few issues that we believe warrant further 

examination. Chief among them is the requirement for studies and consideration of expansion of these 

newly designated responsible motorized recreation areas as prescribed in § 180 l (f)(!): 

"(f) Study-

(1) IN GENERAL-As soon as practicable, but not later than 2 years, after the date of enactment 

of this title, the Secretary shall complete a study to identify Bureau of Land Management land 

within the Conservation Area that is suitable for addition to-" 

The areas include the OHV recreation areas designated by subsection (a) or the Johnson Valley OffHighway Vehicle Recreation Area. 

Even though such language is included, the closing language in §1801(D) is in apparent direct conflict 

with the specific instructions described in § 180 I (f)( 1 ). 

"(D) not recommend or approve expansion of national off-highway recreation areas within the 

Conservation Area that collectively would exceed the total acres administratively designated for 

ofFhighway recreation within the Conservation Area as of the day before the date of enactment of 

the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 (Public Law 113-66; Stat. 672)." 

Therefore, if a review by the responsible federal agency indicated that the lands were appropriate areas 

for expansion, these additional lands would be automatically limited in scope and size. This is clearly 

written to predetermine and limit future growth of these OHV areas, and we respectfully request it be 

stricken from the bilL 

Any review of these potential expansion lands to the OHV recreation areas deserves the same standard of 

consideration being granted to the proposed Monument and Wilderness areas. If such a predetermined 

limit is warranted for the OHV areas, then an equivalent limit must be included for the proposed National 

Monuments and Wilderness areas. 

Moreover, § 180 I ( d)(3) requires a far lower standard of review when it comes to locating future renewable 

energy projects or transmission lines than those provided for in the designated Wilderness and 

Monuments areas and should be strengthened accordingly: 

"(3}PROHIBITED USES-Commercial development (including development of mining and 

energy facilities, but excluding energy transport facilities, rights-of-way, and related 

telecommunicationfacilitie') shall be prohibited in the off-highway vehicle recreation areas 

designated by subsection (a) if the Secretary determines that the development is incompatible 

with the purpose described in subsection (b). " 

Loss of any acreage in the OHV areas to future energy-related development must include careful review. 

Additionally, acre-for-acre mitigation measures must be included to ensure no net loss of recreational 

areas. 
132 


Insert graphic folio 151 98942A.128

The Honorable Feinstein 

July 23, 2015 

Page Three 

In summation, the AMA looks forward to working more closely with you and your office to address these 

remaining issues prior to full consideration by the U.S, Senate, The loss of any of the critical protections 

related to OHV areas would undermine much of S, 414's stated intent and would be grounds for 

withdrawal of our conditional support 

Thank you for your time and consideration of our concerns, We look forward to your office's timely 

response, Should you have any questions or require additional information, please do not hesitate to 

contact me, by phone at (530) 626-4250, or by email at nharis(mama-cvcle.org, 

Sincerely, 

Nicholas Haris 

Western States Representative 
133 


Insert graphic folio 152 98942A.129

TheFnendsof 

Big Morongo Canyon Preserve 

Directors· 

Patrick Casey 

Meg Foley 

Ann Garry 

Tom Haworth 

David Miller 

Jane Mootz 

JaneO!son 

KcMcKay 

Laura Sherrod 

BMCP 

0.0. Box 780 

tvlorongo Valley, CA 92256 

www.bigmorongo.org 

THE FRIENDS OF 

BIG MoRONGO CANYON PRESERVE 

November 20 ll 

To whom it may concern, 

The Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve have been tracking, studying, and 

participating in the development of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation 

Act of 2014 for several years. We have witnessed the coming together of many diverse 

interests represented in the components of this bill and wish to voice full support for the 

bill and the unceasing effort on the part of Senator Dianne Feinstein and her staff to have 

come so far. 

The Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve are in full support of this effort and will 

continue to participate in all efforts to see the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2014 become law. 

David S. Miller 

President, The Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve 
134 


Insert graphic folio 153 98942A.130

SAN DIEGO ZOO GLOBAL 

BOARD OF TRUSTtES November 4, 2014 ~'~•chard 8.13(>T!ey 

Wcll<<m1H May 

VKeCh;wman 

Sandra Brut:< 

Robert B Horsman 

Treasurer 

M JavadeChaudhn 

BentN.Ourler 

C!!HwdW Hague 

Nan Katona 

Patnt1aRoscoe 

StevenG Tappan 

JudltllWheat!ey 

Dawd Woodr~ft. Ph.D_, D Sc 

TRUSTEES EMERITI 

Frank C. Alexander 

KurtBenm;chke. M 0 

Weldon Donaldson 

Thompson fetter 

Bll!l.FOJ< 

fredet•C~ A Ff'Y'l, M 0 

GeO!'eeLG•Idred 

Yl;(>nnew larseo 

JohnM Thornton 

A. EugeoeTrepte 

BettyJof.W•Ihams 

ExecutweOirector[merJtiJ$ 

Douglas G Mye~ 

Pre.s.,deni/C£0 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein. 

San Diego Zoo Global and its Institute for Conservation Research fully support the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2014. 

The California Desert Conservation Area is home to a variety of species uniquely 

adapted to the harsh environmental conditions of the region. including the desert 

tortoise. As desert tortoise habitat spans areas of both California and Nevada, 

strengthening protections for this species in the region will facilitate cost~effective 

conservation measures across its range. 

We at San Diego Zoo Global are committed to saving species from extinction, and 

our Institute for Conservation Research is actively engaged in restoration and 

reintroduction programs for the threatened desert tortoise. The trans--state Desert 

Tortoise Conservation Center, included in the legislation and funded through the 

Renewable Energy Conservation Resource Fund, will play a unique and 

irreplaceable role in the recovery of this iconic species. No other conservation 

initiatives can fulfill the function served by such a facility, which will provide the 

opportunity to: 

• train and certify field biologists to ensure they are qualified to conduct 

tortoise surveys for development projects, such as solar facilities; 

• conduct studies in a controlled environment that will help us to 

understand disease and other processes that limit recovery; 

• engage and educate the public, securing vital support for desert tortoise 

conservation; 

• utilize a location where highly trained professionals care for tortoises 

rescued from development actions or the pet trade; and 

• serve as an operational base for translocating a healthy population of 

tortoises to habitat areas that have been depopulated. 

ZOOLOGICAL SOCIETY Or SAN OlEGO 

PostOfiK:e So• 120551. San O~go, CA 92112·0551 USA Telephone (619) 231·1515 
135 


Insert graphic folio 154 98942A.131

We believe that the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2014 will promote the 

conservation of the desert tortoise and other unique species found in the Mojave region. In this 

you have our wholehearted support. 

We thank you for your efforts on behalf of wildlife. 

Sincerely, 

;JJ..~l~ /lit<-t4S 

Douglas G. Myers 

President/CEO 
136 


Insert graphic folio 155 98942A.132

PROTECTING OUR NATURAL AND CULTURAL HERITAGE 

Janlllll")' 15, 2015 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Subject: Support for California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

On January 12, 2015, the Board of Directors of the Coachella Valley Mountains Conservancy 

voted to lend its support to the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

This excellent legislation would fulfil a long standing goal of the local conservation community 

in the Coachella Valley, namely, establishing the new Sand to Snow National Monument 

conserving over 135,000 acres efland. Doing so will connect Joshua Tree National Park with 

the San Bernardino National Forest, thus not only protecting a very significant wildlife corridor 

but enhancing the quality of the habitat on the adjacent National Park and Forest lands. 

Similarly, establishing the Mojave Trails National Monument to the north of Joshua Tree will 

extend the continuously-protected area over nearly a million additional acres of local deserts and 

mountains. Furthermore, the new Monuments will enlarge and enrich the recreational resources 

for visitors, thereby contributing to the economic development of Riverside and San Bernardino 

Counties. 

We are also excited about the bill's provision to expand Joshua Tree Park so that it can 

consolidate ownership of lands already set aside by local conservation nonprofits for more 

effective management and enhanced public access. This will greatly help the Conservancy and 

its local partners coordinate and refine our own management pro grams on the nearby 

conservation lands. 

The Conservancy is well aware of the many years of work that you and your staff have put into 

this legislation and other efforts to bring new federal protections and resources to California. We 

73-710 Fred Waring Drive, Suite 112, Palm Desert, CA 92260 (760) 776-5026 www.cvmc·.ca.gov 
137 


Insert graphic folio 156 98942A.133

greatly appreciate your dedicated leadership, and please let us know if we can provide assistance 

to you in this endeavor as the process moves forward. 

~~~ Jim R. Karpiak 

Executive Director 

cc: Honorable Barbara Boxer 

Honorable Raul Ruiz 

Honorable Pete Aguilar 

Honorable Ken Calvert 

Secretary Todd Ferrara 
138 


Insert graphic folio 157 98942A.134

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

November 24, 2014 

Subject: Draft California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act, Conditional SUPPORT 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The California Off Road Vehicle Association pleased inform you that we have reviewed the discussion 

draft of your proposal and we are anxious to add name to the growing list of supporters, 

First and foremost, we would like to express our appreciation for your willingness to adopt a principle that 

we have requested for many years, We have long maintained that when lands are selected for inclusion 

in the Wilderness Preservation System and recreational use in these same areas becomes displaced 

that alternative lands should be designated for permanent OHV recreation, Your draft bill represents the 

first time this principle receiving serious consideration, applaud you for your willingness to consider 

protection open space for recreation as important public policy interest along with protection of 

wilderness values, 

In the spirit of stimulating discussion on this cmcu,''"''" draft we would like to propose the following 

changes to your bill for your consideration, these provisions would allow us to provide 

unconditional support for the bilL 

1, Expansion of the proposed Spangler OHV Area of 41,000 acres along the Northern, Western 

and Southern boundaries. These areas have a long history of OHV use, including competitive 

events, and have shown to be able to sustain this kind of use with proper management, 

Consideration ofthis addition would help mitigate the 3,400 acres that are being proposed to 

be removed from the current Spangler open area for inclusion within the Golden Valley 

Wilderness, and the significant acreage that was recently made part of the Twenty·nine Palms 

Marine Base, (refer to attached maps for more detail} 

2, The Friends of El Mirage (FOEM) have suggested addition to the El Mirage OHV Recreation 

Area. FOEM proposes an expansion of approximately 680 acres to the north to bring into the 

OHV Open area a network of mountainous 4WD trails that have been adopted by one of BlM's 
139 


Insert graphic folio 158 98942A.135

recreational partners. Currently these 4WD trails are blocked by the El Mirage boundary 

fence which exists to enhance compliance with their user fee collection efforts. Including this 

680 8LM acres within the OHV Recreation Area will assist both the BLM and its volunteer 

partners in maintaining this network of 4WD trails. This addition would also provide an 

incentive for 4WD enthusiasts to pay the fee to use these trails. (see attached map for the 

specific areas we are proposing to add) 

3. Within the proposed DVNP Bowling Alley Additi<;>n, there are trails that will remain open but 

will become part of the Death Valley National Park. National Park regulations require that all 

vehicles be fully registered for highway travel. BLM regulations allow the use of purpose-built 

off-highway vehicles that are only registered for off-highway use. We propose keeping 

Wilderness designation for this area but retaining BlM management as part of the Avawatz 

Mountains Wilderness. An alternative would be to develop suitable language to exempt the 

trails from NPS regulations that require highway legal registration for this area. The attached 

map depicts the alignment we are suggesting). We have a similar concern about the Castle 

Mountain addition to the Mojave Preserve. There are approximately 70 miles of trails that 

currently permit travel by non highway-registered vehicles. These opportunities will be lost 

once the area is transferred to NPS jurisdiction. 

4. CORVA supports a proposal by the Friends of Dumont Dunes (FOOD) to establish the area as 

an additional OHV Recreation Area under the Act. Dumont Dunes is a longstanding OHV use 

area with significant OHV use during holiday weekends and strong local support. We agree 

with the supporting information provided by FODD that it is entirely appropriate to include 

this area along with other OHV Recreation Areas in the Act. We understand that there are 

concerns related to granting similar designation to the Imperial Sand Dunes Recreation Area. 

We are not requesting consideration of the Imperial Dunes at this time. 

5. A recurring issue of concern to our members is the management study requirements for each 

of the proposed National Monuments. This concern, based on decades of losing access every 

time a new study is initiated, is not without basis considering that history. Many of the roads 

and trails in the California desert areas have undergone extensive study during the WEMO, 

NECO and NEMO processes. Perhaps the bill should incorporate some of the findings from 

those studies, similar to the process that is described for the Vinagre Wash Special 

Management Area. Specifically, we recommend that existing motorized routes, designated 

under NECO, NEMO and WEMO Plans, within the proposed Mojave Trails Monument be 

designated for off highway vehicle use and that the Secretary may temporarily close or 

permanently reroute a portion of the route to prevent or allow restoration of resource 

damage, to address public safety concerns, or as otherwise required by law. Furthermore we 

request that the Secretary accept petitions from the public regarding the addition of routes, 

and that the Secretary may designate additional routes that provide significant or unique 

recreational opportunities, following appropriate study, and are consistent with purposes of 

the Act. , 
140 


Insert graphic folio 159 98942A.136

Finally I should note that the.re is skepticism among our members which is even greater among members 

of the OHV community at large of any legislation that designates additional wilderness. We believe, 

however, that your willingness to propose permanent protection for existing designated OHV recreation 

areas provides a compromise that may be acceptable to all stakeholders. The draft Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act will potentially provide protection of both natural and cultural resources in addition 

to recreational access. Because of this we are very pleased to offer our conditional support of this draft 

proposal. 

Sincerely, 

Bob Ham, Assistant Southern Regional Director, Legislation 

cc James Peterson 
141 


Insert graphic folio 160 98942A.137

May 5, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

----THE----

WILDERNESS 

-S 0 C IE T YThank you for introducing S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. This 

important bill will protect for future generations significant portions of federal public lands in 

the California desert and the incredible ecological, geological, cultural, historical, and 

recreational values they contain. 

In particular, The Wilderness Society is strongly supportive of the provisions that create the 

Mojave Trails and Sand to Snow National Monuments, designate wilderness and potential 

wilderness, add to Death Valley and Joshua Tree National Parks and Mojave National Preserve, 

and protect wild and scenic rivers. We are also supportive of Title II which establishes the 

Renewable Energy Resource Conservation Fund and creates a renewable energy revenue 

sharing structure. 

We sincerely appreciate your considerable past and present efforts to conserve public lands in 

the California desert. This bill will substantially build on the impressive legacy of your California 

Desert Protection Act and have a profound effect on the desert's future. 

Thank you again for your continued leadership and we look forward to working closely with you 

to refine and advance this important legislation. Please let me know how we may best support 

your efforts. 

Sincerely, 

Jamie Williams 

President 

250 Montgomery Street. Suite 210. San Francisco. CA 94104 1 ph 415 398·!111 1 wtlderne ... org 

IOO'!i.pru;1·C•ll'>t!!ll<Hil~r 
142 


Insert graphic folio 161 98942A.138

March 5, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

CALIFORNIA 

WILDERNESS 

COALITION 

Thank you for introducing S. 414, .the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. The legislation 

encompasses unique, undeveloped, ecologically and geologically significant, culturally important, and 

scenic areas of public land in the California desert. It will protect new wilderness areas and expand 

existing wilderness areas and designate over 80 miles of wild and scenic rivers, and we applaud you for 

striking a balance between the environmental and recreational communities. 

Wilderness and national park additions have been shown to increase tourism and attract new residents, 

thereby generating substantial economic benefits for nearby communities through local employment and 

tax revenue. Additionally, the proposed designations will contribute to our region's superior desert and 

mountain vistas, air quality, water quality, peaceful soundscapes, and dark night skies. Protected public 

lands will provide local residents and visitors with opportunities for many recreational activities including 

hiking, horseback riding, rock climbing, photography, camping, wildlife viewing, off-reading, scientific 

research, and nature study. By protecting these places, we ensure that future generations can enjoy them 

tomorrow as we do today. 

We sincerely appreciate your considerable past and present efforts to conserve public lands in the 

California desert. This bill will substantially build on the impressive legacy of your California Desert 

Protection Act and have a profound effect on the desert's future. Thank you again for your continued 

leadership and we look forward to working closely with you to advance this important legislation . 

. Sincerely, 

Monica Argandofia 

Southern California Conservation Director 

California Wilderness Coalition 

California Wilderness Coalition- 310 North Indian Hill Blvd, #339- Claremont, California 91711 
143 


Insert graphic folio 162 98942A.139

October 1, 2015 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

3 31 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

THE \VliLDLANDS 

CONSERVANC 

The Wildlands Conservancy supports Senate Bill 414 the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. The Mojave Desert is one of the most unique landscapes in North America 

and one of the great deserts of the world. The vast expanse of this spectacular desert that lies 

between Ludlow and Needles represents the largest remaining pristine landscape along Route 66, the 

National Trails Highway. It was dubbed the Mother Roed by Jobn Steinbeck in the Grapes of Wrath, 

when he and his dog Charlie traveled across Route 66 searching for America's soul. 

This stretch of desert is an important wildlife corridor between Joshua Tree National Park and 

. Mojave National Preserve and links 13 Federal Wilderness Areas. It includes old volcanoes, sand 

dunes, California's largest cactus garden, vast valleys of solitudes, and heroic ranges of rock. It has 

major populations of bighorn sheep, desert tortoises, remarkable lizards, and rare and endangered 

plants and birds. This land escaped an elevated level of recognition and public protection because of 

the hundreds of thousands of acres of former railroad lands owned by Catellus Development 

Corporation scattered amid public lands. 

Between l 999 and 2004, the Wildlands Conservancy raised $45 million in private monies to fund 

the acquisition and donation of over 600,000 acres to the National Park Service and the Bureau of 

Land Management. This was done as a partnership with the federal government, in which you 

spearheaded the appropriation of $18 million dollars in federal funding to preserve the biological and 

aesthetic integrity of 4,000,000 acres of public lands and ensure recreational access to those lands. 

The Monument would not alter the existing recreational uses which have balanced public access 

with resource protection over the past ten years since the Catellus lands were donated. The 

legislation is targeted at preserving the status quo, and the Montunent statue would protect the status 

quo from being exploited in the future. 

We applaud your ongoing support for protecting California's beloved landscapes and support Senate 

Bill414 the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015. 

Sincerely, 

D~a;t~ Executive Director 

3961 I Oak Glen Road # 12 • Oak Glen. CA 92399 @ -(•9•0•9•)•7•9•7•·•8•5•0•7---•F•a•x-1

9•0•9-) •7•9•7•.4

-3•3•7 www. wild!andsconservancy. org 
144 


Insert graphic folio 163 98942A.140

March 4, 2015 

Hon. Diane Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, D. C. 20510 

Dear Se \IJ\:nlstein: 

\~ 

A few ks ago, a large group Board and Council members of the National Parks 

Conservation Association (NPCA) gathered for a wonderful volunteer trip in Death 

Valley, and I couldn't help thinking about you and all you have done over the years to 

help protect the California desert, including the creation of Death Valley National Park 

itself. 

One of the highlights of our stay was having the opportunity to visit Saratoga Springs 

and the Bowling Alley, and to enjoy the spectacular view into the Avawatz Mountains. 

There is no question these wonderful, unique desert places should be protected for all 

Americans to enjoy, now and forever. I just wanted to take a moment to congratulate 

you and thank you for continuing to build on your truly remarkable California desert 

legacy by introducing the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act in the new 

Congress. 

Please know your indefatigable efforts on behalf of the California desert have our full 

support. Don't hesitate to let me, or anyone else at NPCA know whenever and however 

we can be helpful. 

With best personal regards -

~ Fran Ulmer @ Chair, US Arnir Resean:h Commiuion ;s ~ • 

Spt·.:ial Advisor on An:H( Sm:nc<: and Poliq·, US Stat(' Dt·pt 

f)or~n<.nntll(t: 

IJHI.Str~t 

Sunr \J) 

POOn.:: (9071 271-·1'5 '"!6 

Fa.\ (~l~>2:'1·lY:'S 

~lohik 
145 


Insert graphic folio 164 98942A.141

Hull, Candice (Feinstein) 

rom: 

Sent: 

To: 

Cc: 

Subject: 

Howard Gross <howard@wcfnd.org> 

Wednesday, November 05, 2014 4:31 PM 

Peterson, James {Feinstein) 

Gilbert, Jonathan (Feinstein) 

FW: support for legislation Feinstein intends to introduce in January 

Please add the SummerTree Institute to the list of supporters. 

From: Robin Kobaly [mailto:robin@summertree.org] 

Sent: Wednesday, November OS, 2014 2:15PM 

To: 'Howard Gross'; 'Greg James'; 'John Purcell' 

Subject: RE: support for legislation Feinstein intends to introduce in January 

The SummerTree Institute definitely supports Sen. Feinstein's bill, and she can include our organization 

as an "early supporter" of the legislation. 

Best always ... Robin 

CJ?s>6in 1(o6a(y 

Executive Director 

The SummerTree Institute 

P.O.Box307 

Morongo Valley, CA 92256 

Phone: (760) 363-7229 

Email: robin@summertree.org 

Web: www,§lli!illlertree.org 

From: Howard Gross fmailto:howard@wcfnd.org] 

Sent: Wednesday, November 05, 2014 12:35 PM 

To: Greg James; Robin Kobaly; John Purcell 

Subject: support for legislation Feinstein intends to introduce in January 

Hi friends, 

l've left each of you a message about your organization giving Sen. Feinstein's office permission to list your organization 

as uearfy approvers" of the legislation she intends to introduce in Jan. A summary is attached. 
146 


Insert graphic folio 165 98942A.142

March 10, 2015 

BOARD OF SUPERVISORS 

COUNTY OF INYO P. 0. BOX N • INDEPENDENCE, CALIFORNIA 93526 

TEtEPf!ON£{760) 878~0373 • FAX (760) 878~2241 

e·mail: pgunso!Jey@inyocounty.us 

The Honorable Colonel Paul Cook (Ret.) 

United States Congress 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Subject: Support for HR 496 establishing the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area 

Dear Representative Cook: 

MEMBERS Of THE BOARD 

DAN TOTHEROH 

JEFF GRIFFITHS 

RICK PUCCI 

MARK T!LLEMANS 

MATT KINGSLEY 

KEVIN D. CARUNCHIO 

Clerk of .Jhe Board 

PATRICIA GUNSOLLEY 

Ass1Wmt Cl>trk of the Board 

The lnyo County Board of Supervisors wishes to thank you and communicate its unequivocal support 

for your recently introduced legislation (H.R. 496) to establish the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

Your legislation reaffirms and validates the efforts of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group to obtain 

local consensus and support for protecting the Alabama Hills, and the activities that Americans and 

visitors have enjoyed in this special place for the past 1 00-years. The Alabama Hills Stewardship 

Group has worked tirelessly for many years to address the concerns of County residents and public 

lands users, and the Board of Supervisors applauds this exemplary community-based initiative. The 

Board also appreciates you recognizing this work, and taking care to develop legislation that 

purposefully ensures that the future management of the Alabama Hills does not eliminate the specific 

uses the community seeks to protect. 

The benefits of protecting one of lnyo County's treasured landscapes, so that future generations can 

enjoy the same access, use, and enjoyment that residents and visitors have experienced in the 

Alabama Hills up to this time are self-evident, and the Board of Supervisors is grateful for your 

leadership and thanks you and offers its continued support for your efforts. 

~· I 

Supe~sley, Chairperson 

lnyo County Board of Supervisors 

cc: The Honorable Senator Dianne Feinstein 

lnyo County Board of Supervisors 

Kevin Carunchio, CAO 

Marge Kemp-Williams, County Counsel 

Joshua Hart, Planning Director 

Rural County Representatives of California 

California State Association of Counties 

National Association of Counties 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 
147 


Insert graphic folio 166 98942A.143

February 25, 2015 

Inyo County Superintendent of Schools 

Dr. Terence K. McAteer 

To Whom It May Concern, 

I want to lend my and the lnyo County educational community's complete support behind the legislation 

to create the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. This imp011ant piece of legislation will not only create 

an economic boom for Southern lnyo County, it will provide an educational oppo11unity for our residents, 

our youth, and our visitors. The work of the stewardship steering committee is commendable and has 

been exceedingly inclusive. 

The Alabama Hills are a very special place that needs to be preserved for our youth. The historical, 

cultural, and scenic value of this a1·ea is truly extraordinary and !look forward to assisting the 

stewardship group in enhancing the educational opportunities available to all. I pledge to working with 

the stewardship committee to insure youth groups gain access to the area. Having annual field trips for all 

of our youth in lnyo County will be a hallmark to the success of this project. 

I urge passage of the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area legislation. 

"""'££~ Terence K. McAteer 

166 Grandview Drive · Bishop, CA 93514 

(760) 873-3262 ext 40 I · Fax (760) 873-3324 
148 


Insert graphic folio 167 98942A.144

Inyo County Superintendent of Schools 

M! Whttn,·~ 

Ht~h~l .\tou~lam 

intbcOlf\ll{!\.lt>u,!;.S 

1.:_.!<>7f! 

March 3. 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feins1cin 

United States Senate 

331 Han Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dr. Terence K. McAteer 

IS MAR f 7 P/1 12: 56 

·r:I":STEIN 

"• ;:~:. D.C. 

SUB.JECT: PROPOSED ALABAMA HILLS SCENIC AREA 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

I am in full suppon of the recently introduced House and Senate hills (HR 496 and the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015 I Title XIX- Alabama Hills National Scenic Area, respectively) 

designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. as presented by the Alabama Hills Stewardship 

Group Designation Subcommittee. The Alabama Hills arc a unique and special natural treasure that 

deserves such recognition and protection. 

I strongly believe that designation should not come at the expense of those who utilize our federal lands. 

and that local communities should have an opponunity to give input and shape the use of such lands. I 

also believe that the best solutions incorporate the needs of as many of the varied stakeholders as possible. 

The Alabama Hills Stewardship Group gathered comments from over 40 groups such as OHV users. 

environmentalists. cattle ranchers. lnyo County Supervisors and business owners. Af\er nearly two years 

of work, the Subcommittee detennined that the National Scenic Area Designation is the most appropriate 

for the Alabama Hills. 

It is precisely this local collaborative effort that Jed to a solution that is best for the environment. the 

community, and the users of the Alabama Hills. Indeed. the local collaborative process should be 

emulated for future major federal land use decisions. The members of the Alabama Hills Stewardship 

Group are to be commended for their effort. I appreciate your willingness to listen to rhe voice of the local 

Owens Valley populace, and encourage you to pass the introduced legislation making the Alabama Hills 

National Scenic Area a federal designation. 

!lfv?u /(;1s: Dr. Terence K. McAteer 

lnyo County Superintendent of Schools 

cc: Congressman Paul Cook 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 

166 Grandview Dr. • Bishop. CA 93514 

(760) X73-3262 • Fax !760) 873-3324 
149 


Insert graphic folio 168 98942A.145

February 24, 2015 

CITY OF BISHOP 

377 West Line Street- Bishop, CA 93514 

P.O. Box 1236- Bishop, CA 93515 

City Hall (760) 873-5863- Fax (760) 873-4873 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

SUBJECT: PROPOSED ALABAMA HILLS SCENIC AREA 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The City Council of the City of Bishop is in full support of the recently introduced House and 

Senate bills (HR 496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title 

XIX - Alabama Hills National Scenic Area, respectively) designating the Alabama Hills a 

National Scenic Area, as presented by the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group Designation 

Subcommittee. The Alabama Hills are a unique and special natural treasure that deserves such 

recognition and protection. 

We strongly believe that designation should not come at the expense of those who utilize our 

federal lands, and that local communities should have an opportunity to give input and shape the 

use of such lands. We also believe that the best solutions incorporate the needs of as many of the 

varied stakeholders as possible. The Alabama Hills Stewardship Group gathered comments from 

over 40 groups such as OHV users, environmentalists, cattle ranchers, lnyo County Supervisors 

and business owners. After nearly two years of work, the Subcommittee determined that the 

National Scenic Area Designation is the most appropriate for the Alabama Hills. 

It is precisely this local collaborative effort that led to a solution that is best for the environment, 

the community, and the users of the Alabama Hills. Indeed, the local collaborative process 

should be emulated for future major federal land use decisions. The members of the Alabama 

Hills Stewardship Group are to be commended for their effort. We appreciate your willingness to 

listen to the voice of the local Owens Valley populace, and encourage you to pass the 

introduced legislation making the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area a federal 

designation. 

~~~ Pat Gardner 

Mayor, City of Bishop 
150 


Insert graphic folio 169 98942A.146

cc: Congressman Paul Cook 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 
151 


Insert graphic folio 170 98942A.147

March 10, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

RE: Proposed Alabama Hills Scenic Area 

Dear Senator Feinstein; 

The Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation (LPPSR) is in support of the recently introduced House and 

Senate bills {HR 496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title XIXAlabama Hills National Scenic Area) designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

The LPPSR has been a part of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Committee since its creation. We have 

supported the continued efforts needed to preserve the Alabama Hills in their semi-primitive state to be 

enjoyed by future generations. We greatly respect the commitment to an open process, inclusion of all 

those concerned with the issue, and protecting traditional usage as we have all known. Because of the 

extensive pre-historical and historical habitation of our Valley by indigenous people, the BLM has found 

themselves to be caretakers of numerous culturally significant and sacred sites. The Tribes of the Owens 

Valley have welcomed this partnership as a means to optimally safeguard these sites from damage and 

destruction. 

While determining the boundary of the designation area, there was concern over the fact that the LPPSR 

currently uses a cemetery which was on both Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and US Forest Service 

(USFS) property. Tribal officials have since met with BLM and USFS representatives and reached a verbal 

agreement to transfer this land to the LPPSR. The LPPSR General Council then voted to accept the 

transfer and place the land within the boundaries of the Natural Scenic Area designation to ensure the 

best possible protection of our cultural resources and continued usage. Including the land transfer as 

part of the legislation will be an advantage to all parties involved. 

Thank you for your time. 

Sincerely, 

~~ Kathy Jefferson Bancroft 

Chairperson Tribal Historic Preservation Officer 

cc: Congressman Paul Cook 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group, Inc. 
152 


Insert graphic folio 171 98942A.148

Tuesday, March 10, 2015 

The Honorable Paul Cook 

United States Congress 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

RE: Proposed Alabama Hills Scenic Area 

Dear Mr. Cook, 

The Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation (LPPSR) is in support of the recently introduced House and 

Senate bills (HR 496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title XIXAlabama Hills National Scenic Area) designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

The LPPSR has been a part of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Committee since its creation. We have 

supported the continued efforts needed to preserve the Alabama Hills in their semi-primitive state to be 

enjoyed by future generations. We greatly respect the commitment to an open process, inclusion of all 

those concerned with the issue, and protecting traditional usage as we have all known. Because of the 

extensive pre-historical and historical habitation of our Valley by indigenous people, the BLM has found 

themselves to be caretakers of numerous culturally significant and sacred sites. The Tribes of the Owens 

Valley have welcomed this partnership as a means to optimally safeguard these sites from damage and 

destruction. 

While determining the boundary of the designation area, there was concern over the fact that the LPPSR 

currently uses a cemetery which was on both Bureau of Land Management (BLM) and US Forest Service 

(USFS) property. Tribal officials have since met with BLM and USFS representatives and reached a verbal 

agreement to transfer this land to the LPPSR. The LPPSR General Council then voted to accept the 

transfer and place the land within the boundaries of the Natural Scenic Area designation to ensure the 

best possible protection of our cultural resources and continued usage. Including the land transfer as 

part of the legislation will be an advantage to all parties involved. 

Thank you for your time. 

Sincerely, 

~t~ Kathy Jefferson Bancroft 

Chairperson Tribal Historic Preservation Officer 

cc: Senator Dianne Feinstein 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group, Inc. 
153 


Insert graphic folio 172 98942A.149

WNE PINE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE 

120 South Main Street- P.O. Box 749- Lone Pine, CA 93545 

(760) 876-4444 - Fax (760) 264-9675 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

March2, 2015 

The Lone Pine Chamber supports the recently introduced House and Senate bills HR496 and the 

California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015/Title XXIX Alabama Hills 

National Scenic Area respectively. 

This Bill is the result of a collaborative effort of the community, BLM and the Alabama Hills 

Stewardship Group. All stakeholders have put their effort into this proposal and we the Chamber 

fully support this Bill. 

Thank you for helping us make this designation a reality 

Sincerely, 

/s/ 

Kathleen New 

President/CEO 
154 


Insert graphic folio 173 98942A.150

BISHOP AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & VISITORS BUREAU 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

March 23, 2015 

I am writing to you today on behalf of the Bishop Area Chamber of Commerce and Visitors 

Bureau (BACCVB). The BACCVB proudly represents more than 300 business and individual 

members in our region. We've been following the efforts of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 

to designate the Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, CA as a National Scenic Area. 

At the BACCVB Board of Directors meeting on March 19, 2015, our Board voted unanimously to 

support recently introduced House and Senate Bills (HR 496 and the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015/ Title XIX Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

The Alabama Hills area is a special place and is very important for a variety of reasons to a wide 

range of users. During at least two years of study, the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group has 

gone to great lengths to gather input from all users and stakeholders including rock climbers, A TV 

riders, cattle ranchers, local businesses, film makers and preservation groups. 

Tourism is the main economic driver of our regional economy. People visit the Alabama Hills for 

many diverse activities and the designation of National Scenic Area is the most appropriate to 

balance the needs of users with the necessity to preserve this special place so that future 

generations may enjoy it. 

We appreciate your attention to this important legislation and encourage you to support making 

the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

Sincerely, 

Tawni 

~0ho~ Thomson, Executive Director 

Bishop Area Chamber of Commerce & Visitors Bureau 

VOICE 760-873-8405 FAX 760-873-6999 EXECDIR@BISHOPVISITOR.COM 
155 


Insert graphic folio 174 98942A.151

BISHOP AREA CHAMBER OF COMMERCE & VISITORS BUREAU 

Congressman Paul Cook 

1222 Longworth House Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Congressman Cook: 

March 23, 2015 

I am writing to you today on behalf of the Bishop Area Chamber of Commerce and Visitors 

Bureau (BACCVB). The BACCVB proudly represents more than 300 business and individual 

members in our region. We've been following the efforts of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 

to designate the Alabama Hills near Lone Pine, CA as a National Scenic Area. 

At the BACCVB Board of Directors meeting on March 19, 2015, our Board voted unanimously to 

support recently introduced House and Senate Bills (HR 496 and the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015/ Title XIX Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. 

The Alabama Hills area is a special place and is very important for a variety of reasons to a wide 

range of users. During at least two years of study, the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group has 

gone to great lengths to gather input from all users and stakeholders including rock climbers, ATV 

riders, cattle ranchers, local businesses, film makers and preservation groups. 

Tourism is the main economic driver of our regional economy. People visit the Alabama Hills for 

many diverse activities and the designation of National Scenic Area is the most appropriate to 

balance the needs of users with the necessity to preserve this special place so that future 

generations may enjoy it. 

We appreciate your attention to this important legislation and encourage you to support making 

the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

Tawni 

Sincerely, 

~~ Thomson, Executive Director 

Bishop Area Chamber of Commerce & Visitors Bureau 

VOICE 760-873-8405 FAX 760-873-6999 EXECDIR@BISHOPVISITOR.COM 
156 


Insert graphic folio 175 98942A.152

March 2. 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

3321 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

SUBJECT: PROPOSED ALABAMA HILLS SCENIC AREA 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The Inyo County Film Commission fully supports the recently introduced House and 

Senate bills (HR 496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 

2015/ Title XIX-Alabama Hills National Scenic Area, respectively) designating the 

Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area, as recommended by the Alabama Hills 

Stewardship Group (AHSG) Designation Subcommittee. 

The designation will guarantee appropriate access to the important locations for 

film companies and film project managers, an important local job creating industry. 

It will also allow for better-funded maintenance and management of this area, 

preserving the scenic value important to the film industry. 

The AHSG followed an extended and thoughtful process, identifying then consulting 

with forty used groups before settling on the designation of National Scenic Area as 

the best for this historic and visually stunning area. We support having local groups 

and communities leading the way and being able to give input on these decisions 

about our public lands. 

It is precisely this local collaborative effort that led to a solution, which is best for 

the environment, the community and the diverse users of the Alabama Hills. The 

AHSG's process provides an excellent model for all such future considerations for 

the selection of federal designations for appropriate public landscapes. We 

appreciate your willingness to listen to the voice of the local Owens Valley residents 

and local movie employees. We encourage you to spearhead the passing of the 

legislation making the Alabama Hills a National Scenic area. 

Sincerely, 

Christopher Langley 

lnyo County Film Commissioner 
157 


Insert graphic folio 176 98942A.154

March 1, 2015 

The Honorable Diane Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 2051 0 

Dear Senator: 

Friends of the Inyo strongly supports the recently introduced House and Senate bills (HR 

496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title XIX 

Alabama Hills National Scenic Area) designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic 

Area. The designation of a National Scenic Area in the Alabama Hills will help guide 

future management to protect this unique landscape for residents and visitors while 

providing opportunities for economic development in Lone Pine and the Southern Owens 

Valley. 

Friends of the Inyo praises the efforts of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group to seek 

the creation of the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. We have supported their 

inclusive process from the beginning, and are pleased that you have introduced the 

proposed legislation to protect the Alabama Hills in the future. 

Thank you for your work to identify and protect special public lands throughout 

California. We look forward to continue working with the Alabama Hills Stewardship 

Group through the process of designating and establishing a management plan for a 

national scenic area in the Alabama Hills. 

Sincerely, 

Sydney Quinn 

President 
158 


Insert graphic folio 177 98942A.153

FRIENDS 

~ (' ,- THE INYO f'l ,R/~11)' • (~l(t)' "1~!l ~f[\ J~, I! 

March 9, 2015 

The Honorable Diane Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator: 

l 6 

Friends of the Inyo strongly supports the recently introduced House and Senate bills (HR 

496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title XIXAlabama Hills National Scenic Area) designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

The designation of a National Scenic Area in the Alabama Hills will help guide future 

management to protect this unique landscape for residents and visitors while providing 

opportunities for economic development in Lone Pine and the Southern Owens Valley. 

Friends of the In yo praises the efforts of the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group to seek the 

creation of the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area. We have supported their inclusive 

process from the beginning, and are pleased that you have introduced the proposed 

legislation to protect the Alabama Hills in the future. 

Thank you for your work to identify and protect special public lands throughout California. 

We look forward to continue working with the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group through 

the process of designating and establishing a management plan for a national scenic area in 

the Alabama Hills. 

Sincerely, 

Sydney Quinn 

President 
159 


Insert graphic folio 178 98942A.155

March 9, 2015 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

3321 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

t~":l'~ .. ,,}"- ... 

' <-:. ~ - \D 

I 

[_ - - . 

ALABAMAHIUS 

STEWARDSHIP GROUP 

SUBJECT: PROPOSED ALABAMA HILLS SCENIC AREA 

Dear Senator Feinstein: 

The Alabama Hills Stewardship Group fully supports the recently introduced House and 

Senate bills (HR 496 and the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I 

Title XIX-Alabama Hills National Scenic Area, respectively) designating the Alabama Hills a 

National Scenic Area, as recommended by the Alabama Hills Stewardship Group (AHSG). 

The designation will guarantee appropriate access to the lands by visitors and local 

residents alike engaged in recreational activities. Tourism is an important lo-cal job creating 

industry in the area. It will also allow for better-funded maintenance and management of 

this area, preserving the scenic value important to the future of tourism in the Owens 

Valley. 

The AHSG followed an extended and thoughtful process, identifYing forty user groups then 

consulting with them before settling en the designation of National Scenic Area as the best 

for this historic and visually stunning area. We support having local groups and 

communities leading the way and being able to give input on these decisions about our 

public lands. 

It is precisely this local collaborative effort that led to a solution, which is best for the 

environment, the community, visitors and the diverse users of the Alabama Hills. The 

AHSG's process provides an excellent model for all such future considerations for the 

selection of federal designations for appropriate public landscapes. We appreciate your 

willingness to listen to the voice of the local Owens Valley residents. We encourage you to 

spearhead the passing of the legislation making the Alabama Hills a N a tiona! Scenic area. 

Sincerely, 

Christopher Langley 

~ ~ 

President 

Alabama Hills Stewardship Group 
160 


Insert graphic folio 179 98942A.156

3/2/2015 

To: Alabama Hills Stewardship Group, Inc. (AHSG) 

The Eastern Sierra 4x4 Club supports the activities of the ASHG and is in support 

of the recently introduced House and Senate bills (HR496 and the California 

Desert and Recreation Act of 2015/ Title XIX- Alabama Hills National Scenic Area} 

designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

/~~·~ 

Mike Johnston 

President 
161 


Insert graphic folio 180 98942A.157

Blshop,CA 

ADVOCATES 

FOR ACCESS 

PUBLIC ~_]LANDS "Preserving Access to Public Lands for Future Generations" 

760-872-1570 www.Access-Advocates.org 

Subject: Alabama Hills National Scenic Area Legislation 

Advocates for Access to Public Lands (501-C-4 non profit) is in "support of 

the recently introduced House and Senate bills (HR 496 and the California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 I Title X 1 X - Alabama 

Hills National Scenic Area) designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic 

Area." 

Our organization is pleased with the legislative language that includes access 

opportunities for the public to enjoy the Alabama Hills for its scenic beauty. 

Sincerely, 

Dick Noles, President 

Advocates for Access to Public Lands 

136 Edwards St. 

Bishop, Ca 93514 
162 


Insert graphic folio 181 98942A.158

January l>, 2015 

Honorable Paul Cook 

United States House of Representatives 

Washington, DC 20515 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Congressman Cook and Senator Feinstein, 

As United States military veterans and military family members, we have made great sacrifices 

to protect our nation. We also are residents of and neighbors to the California desert region. We 

write to thank you for your service to our nation and request that you work together for passage 

through Congress of the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of2015. 

We support the protection of the California desert and ensuring that the public is able to access 

and enjoy this special place. The California desert is a shared resource that contributes to 

keeping our air and water clean, and offers places for our families and kids to get outdoors and 

spend time together hiking, camping, hunting, fishing, exploring, and otherwise enjoying the 

outdoors. Protecting the desert also attracts visitors who support our local economy. 

As veterans, we deeply appreciate that these protected public lands are also important places to 

recuperate from the stresses of overseas missions. They contribute to our well-being and allow 

us to reconnect with family and friends and help us reintegrate into civilian life. 

We hope you will work together in the next Congress for passage of the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of2015. 

Sincerely, 

Rob Bagley 

Anza 

U.S. Army, Captain 

Jason Bensley 

Yucca Valley 

U.S. Army, Corporal 

Dennis Mann 

San Jacinto 

U.S. Army, Lieutenant Colonel 

Clark McCartney 

Indian Wells 

U.S. Air Force, Captain 

1 of4 
163 


Insert graphic folio 182 98942A.159

Carl Brown 

Palm Springs 

U.S. Army, Colonel 

Derek Brummer 

Palm Desert 

U.S. Marine Corps., Private lst Class 

Joshua Bunce 

Riverside 

U.S. Army, Sergeant 

Christina Burton 

Apple Valley 

U.S. Army, Sergeant 

Kim Coleman 

Highland 

U.S. Marines, Sergeant 

Carlos Castano 

Palm Desert 

U.S. Marine Corps, Sergeant 

Phillip Cripps 

Cathedral City 

U.S. Army, Specialist 

Tom Derusha 

Temecula 

U.S. Army, Corporal 

Joseph DiFrancesco 

La Quinta 

U.S. Army, Sergeant 

David McConnell 

Apple Valley 

U.S. Army/Marine Corps. Sergeant 

John McKee 

San Jacinto 

U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel 

Frances Miller 

Rancho Mirage 

U.S. Army, Specialist 

Andrew Morgen 

Palm Desert 

U.S. Navy, Seaman 

Tom Mullen 

Riverside 

U.S. Army, Captain 

James Ouimet 

Mammoth Lakes 

U.S. Marine Corps, Sergeant 

Mark Porras 

Palm Desert 

U.S. Marines, Sergeant 

Philip Power 

Lake Arrowhead 

U.S. Navy, Seaman 

Ray Quinto 

Yucaipa 

U.S. Air Force, Staff Sergeant 

2 of4 
164 


Insert graphic folio 183 98942A.160

Jesus Escatiola 

Chino 

U.S. Air Force, Senior Airman 

Jonathan Ervin 

Lancaster 

U.S. Air Force, Master Sergeant 

Kermit Franklin 

Antelope Valley 

U.S. Marine, Sergeant 

James Ewing 

Yucaipa 

U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant Colonel 

Daniel Ferra 

Palm Springs 

U.S. Anny, Specialist 

Sonia Fernandez 

Anza 

U.S. Marine Corps, Sergeant 

James Jackson 

Beaumont 

U.S. Army, Specialist 

Ron Hansel 

Rancho Cucamonga 

U.S. Marine Corps, Private 1st Class 

Pamela Lacey 

Rialto 

U.S. Air Force, Master Sergeant 

Steven Raihl 

Palm Springs 

U.S. Army, Corporal 

Dave Raley 

Yucaipa 

U.S. Air Force, Colonel 

Billie Ridgway 

Phelan 

U.S. Army, Corporal 

Robert Rippetoe 

Rancho Mirage 

U.S. Navy, Petty Officer 

Mario Rivas 

Bell 

U.S. Marine Corps., Captain 

Megan Rodriguez 

Palm Desert 

U.S. Air Force, Staff Sergeant 

Scott Roney 

Temecula 

U.S. Army, Captain 

John Schricker 

Lorna Linda 

U.S. Army, Private First Class 

Carlos Simental 

Victorville 

U.S. Navy, Petty Officer 

3 of4 
165 


Insert graphic folio 184 98942A.161

William Lansvil!e 

Barstow 

U.S. Navy, Petty Officer 

Martin Ledezma 

Redlands 

U.S. Navy, Petty Officer 

Bob Leyba 

Newberry Springs 

U.S. Navy, Seaman 1st Class 

Gary Martin 

Yucaipa 

U.S. Navy, Captain 

Efren Martinez 

Yucaipa 

U.S. Marine Corps:, Staff Sergeant 

cc: 

Honorable Senator Barbara Boxer 

Honorable Congressman Dr. Raul Ruiz 

Honorable Congressman Peter Aguilar 

Honorable Congressman Juan Vargas 

David Smith 

Cathedral City 

U.S. Army, Private First Class 

William Taylor 

Apple Valley 

U.S. Army, Colonel 

Melinda Tremaglio 

Palm Springs 

U.S. Army, Captain 

Henry Weaver 

Helendale 

U.S. Air Force, Chief Master Sergeant 

Suzanne Young 

Morongo Valley 

U.S. Army, Staff Sergeant 

4of4 
166 


Insert graphic folio 185 98942A.162

january 15, 2015 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Honorable Paul Cook 

United States House of Representatives 

Washington, DC 20515 

Dear Senator Feinstein and Congressman Cook, 

Thank you for this opportunity to request your support regarding a vital issue that concerns the 

well-being and mental health of our military forces and their families. 

The undersigned are retired flag officers of the United States' Armed Forces, many with extensive 

experience at our nation's military bases in the California desert such as the National Training 

Center at Fort Irwin and the Marine Base at 29 Palms. We are grateful for your long and diverse 

records of service to our nation and the well-being of our veterans as well as active duty, reserve, 

and National Guard personnel. In that vein, we seek your support for the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 and ask your offices work to pass this important 

legislation in the 114'h Congress. 

The California desert is amongst the most stunning and unique landscapes in the world and 

worthy of additional protections. These lands overflow with cactus gardens and joshua tree 

forests, hidden springs and palm oases, impressive rock formations, sand dunes that dwarf 

skyscrapers, rugged mountain ranges, fields of wildflowers, and multihued canyons. 

As veterans, we also value the importance of protected public lands including national parks, 

monuments, wilderness areas, and conservation lands as places for men and women in our 

armed forces to recuperate, recreate, and reconnect with family and friends after 13 years of 

continuous overseas combat operations. This includes the California desert, which provides a 

wealth of diverse recreational opportunities, including hiking, hunting, fishing, off-roading, 

camping, and viewing wildlife, as well as other opportunities for solitude and simply enjoying 

nature. 

We believe these public lands and the pursuit of these recreational activities contribute to the 

health and well-being of enlisted personnel and families stationed at military installations in 

southern California as well as the large population of military retirees who live within a couple 

hours' drive of these lands. In light of the prevalence of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) 

and emotional illnesses resulting from over a decade of combat in Iraq and Afghanistan, access to 

places of healing is clearly vital to and restoration of our fighting forces and retired communities 

mental health. 
167 


Insert graphic folio 186 98942A.163

The desert's protected public lands also provide a buffer for the region's military bases from 

encroachment of civilian and potentially threatening and/or illegal activities. Through the 

proposed California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act, the Mojave Trails National 

Monument and the Golden Valley Wilderness would provide critical standoff space, respectively, 

for the 29 Palms Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center and the Naval Air Weapons Station 

China Lake and enable more effective physical security for the thousands of family members 

stationed there. The Bowling Alley Wilderness Area addition to Death Valley National Park and 

the Avawatz Wilderness would provide similar benefits to Fort Irwin National Training Center. 

Thank you, Senator Feinstein and Congressman Cook, for your efforts to protect our nation's 

heritage. As military leaders, we fought to protect our nation, including the lands we love at 

home, and as veterans we are still passionate about this mission. We hope you will work 

together for passage of the California Desert Protection Act of 201S which will preserve our 

treasured public lands, ensure access for recreational pursuits, benefit local economies, and help 

our veterans recover from the impact of over a decade of continuous warfare. 

Sincerely, 

Leon Laporte 

San Antonio,TX 

U.S. Army, General 

Tom Schwartz 

San Antonio, TX 

U.S. Army, General 

Lee McFann 

Arlington, VA 

U.S. Army, Lieutenant General 

Richard Newton 

McLean, VA 

U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant General 

David Ohle 

Fairfax, VA 

U.S. Army, Lieutenant General 

Jerry Harrison 

Manassas, VA 

U.S. Army, Major General 

2 

Edward Meyer 

Arlington VA 

U.S. Army, General 

John Castelaw 

Washington, DC 

U.S. Marine Corps., Lieutenant General 

Clarence McKnight 

McLean VA 

U.S. Army, Lieutenant General 

Herbert Temple 

Palm Desert CA 

U.S. Army, Lieutenant General 

Norman Seip 

McLean, VA 

U.S. Air Force, Lieutenant General 

john MacDonald 

Arlington, VA 

U.S. Army, Major General 
168 


Insert graphic folio 187 98942A.164

Nordie Norwood 

Alexandria, VA 

U.S. Air Force, Major General 

Chris Weaver 

Arlington, VA 

U.S. Navy, Rear Admiral 

Stephen C. Cheney 

Washington, DC 

U.S. Marine Corps., Brigadier General 

Thomas Landwermeyer 

Clifton, VA 

U.S. Army, Brigadier General 

David Reist 

Alexandria, VA 

U.S. Marine Corps., Brigadier General 

CC; Honorable Senator Barbara Boxer 

Honorable Congressman Raul Ruiz 

Honorable Congressman Juan Vargas 

Honorable Congressman Pete Aguilar 

3 

John F. Stewart 

Truckee, CA 

U.S. Army, Major General 

Steven M. Anderson 

Arlington, VA 

U.S. Army, Brigadier General 

Uri French 

Fairfax, VA 

U.S. Army, Brigadier General 

Ann McDonald 

Arlington, VA 

U.S. Army, Brigadier General 

Douglas Satterfield 

Washington, DC 

U.S. Army, Brigadier General 
169 


Insert graphic folio 188 98942A.165

September 10, 2015 

Honorable Barack Obama 

President of the United States 

The White House 

1600 Pennsylvania Avenue 

Washington, DC 20500 

Re: Business Support for California Desert National Monuments 

Dear President Obama: 

As outdoor business leaders who depend upon protected public lands and access to recreation, we 

support permanent protection of the Sand to Snow, Mojave Trails, and Castle Mountains, and 

encourage you to designate these areas as national monuments. California's deserts are among the 

most pristine and unique lands in the country. Visitors from around the world have long been drawn to 

the stark beauty of the California Desert, with its painted mountains, the iconic Route 66, desert animals 

and Native American petroglyphs. These lands feature some of the most spectacular scenery in the 

nation, and that has made tourism and recreation an essential part of the region's economy. 

Each year, the outdoor industry supports more than six million American jobs, generates $646 billion in 

direct consumer spending and contributes $80 billion in federal, state and local taxes. While many other 

sectors declined during the recession, the outdoor industry continues to be a bright spot in our 

economy-growing roughly five percent annually between 2005 and 2011. In California alone, outdoor 

recreation generates $85.4 billion in consumer spending, 732,000 jobs, $27 billion in wages and salaries 

and $6.7 billion in state and local tax revenue. 

The California desert offers impressive recreation opportunities including hiking, camping, birding, 

horseback riding, and hunting. It is also home to special plant and animal species including the desert 

tortoise, bighorn sheep, mountain lions, yellow chat and vermilion flycatchers. 

Yet, the California desert is being squeezed by two of the fastest growing regions in the nation. 

Safeguarding these areas from poorly planned development is necessary to protect sensitive water 

resources, fragile wildlife habitat and popular recreation and historic trails. It is crucial to our economy, 

health and communities. 

Local communities have worked for nearly a decade to preserve this iconic landscape. It is time for this 

region to gain the protection it deserves. Please protect the Sand to Snow, Mojave Trails, and Castle 

Mountains for current and future generations to enjoy. 

Sincerely, 

Please see next page for signatures 

PO Box 1275, Bend, OR 977091 (541)389-24241 www.conservationalliance.com 
170 


Insert graphic folio 189 98942A.166

~ 

.. 

• 

(AMElPA~ 

VANS 

John Sterling 

Executive Director 

The Conservation Alliance 

Bend, OR 

The North Face 

Alameda, CA 

Sally McCoy 

General Manager 

CameiBak Products, LLC 

Petaluma, CA 

Kevin Bailey 

President 

Vans 

Cypress, CA 

Obi Kaufmann 

NIPER RIDGE ,< 1'1\: Chief Storyteller 

i~h~J,GI "'~ ~IU Juniper Ridge 

Berkeley, CA 

Stewart Whitney 

President 

The Timberland Company 

Stratham, NH 

Brook Hoppper 

Founder I CEO 

Brook Hopper Consulting 

Ventura, CA 

Shari Boyer 

CEO 

Parkvisitor.com I Good Solutions 

Pasadena, CA 

Belinda Sanda 

President 

Belinda Sanda Sales 

Redding, CA 

patagonia 

eagle • creek 

Hans Cole 

Director of Environmental 

Campaigns & Advocacy 

Patagonia 

Ventura, CA 

Roger Spatz 

President 

Eagle Creek Travel Gear 

Carlsbad, CA 

Jeff Cresswell 

Co-Owner I Brand Steward 

Klean Kanteen 

Chico, CA 

Mark Satkiewicz 

President, Smartwool Americas 

Smartwool Corporation 

Steamboat Springs, CO 

Caroline Duell 

President 

Elemental Herbs 

Morro Bay, CA 

Scott McGuire 

President I Brand Strategist 

The Mountain Lab 

Mammoth Lakes, CA 

Adam Forest 

~ Managing Partner 

WT "'H' .' .... · .......... ..,,.l;auup The Forest Group 

vapur 

Lotus, CA 

Francesca Hardy 

Marketing Manager 

VAPUR 

West Lake Village, CA 
171 


Insert graphic folio 190 98942A.167

GRAniTE. 

October 6, 2015 

Honorable Senator Diane Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Subject: Support for the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015 

Granite Construction Co. is writing you in support of the CA Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 

2015. This bill will help protect our nearby wild lands as wilderness, national monuments and parks, 

including the Sand to Snow National Monument. The bill will also preserve scenic lands along Historic 

Route 66 as part of the Mojave Trails National Monument and add federal lands to the northern portion of 

Joshua Tree National Park. It is recognized that small areas within portions of the Mojave Desert contain 

precious and rare earth minerals that have important economic and national defense value. We urge the 

Senator and the administration to work with all stakeholders to keep these areas accessible for future 

exploration and development of such precious and rare minerals in an appropriate manner. 

Living in the Coachella Valley and as a board member of the Friends of Desert Mountains Land Trust 

(http://www.desertmountains.org/), I appreciate the need to find reasonable solutions to protecting our 

mountains and deserts while balancing the need for economic development through practical development 

of our natural resources. The residents and visitors to the Coachella Valley enjoy the views and 

recreational opportunities of the surrounding mountains and deserts which provides an important economic 

benefit to the local economy. By preserving the area's natural beauty and the opportunity to experience 

truly wild places, this legislation would increase tourism and attract new residents who treasure the quality 

of life that these pristine public lands provide. 

We look forward to working with you and others to protect federal lands that provide environmental and 

conservation benefits while also ensuring that economically important natural resources can be developed 

in a responsible manner. 

It is our understanding that this bill may be approved under the 1906 Antiquities Act That Act stated that it 

was intended for: " ... the protection of objects of historic and scientific interest." Certainly we should protect 

the ability to recover certain precious and rare minerals through mining since they have potentially 

important "scientific interesf. 

We appreciate the opportunity to comment Please contact me if you have any questions. 

Sincerely, 

Gary W. Johnson 

Director, Land & Quarry 
172 


Insert graphic folio 191 98942A.168

Jerry Grabow 

President, District 37 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senator 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

May 13,2015 

Re: S.414 California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

Dear Senator Feinstein, 

.) 

AMA District 37 is a long-time partner of the Bureau of Land Management's Barstow and 

Ridgecrest Field Offices. 

l am writing today to express District 37's support for S.414, the California Desert Conservation 

and Recreation Act. Your bill offers some of the strongest protections for OHV recreation to ever be 

introduced in the United States Congress and we thank you for that. 

The Spangler Hills OHV Area is the largest OHV area in our region and it has grown in 

importance since last year's Marine Corps expansion· into Johnson Valley which took nearly one- third of 

all OHV recreations area acreage in the California Desert. We now have to look to the Spangler Hills 

OHV Area to absorb this devastating loss ofOHV opportunity. 

However, a boom of wind energy development in Eastern Kern County is threatening to encroach 

on the Spangler Hills OHV Area and we fear even more loss ofOHV recreation lands to this new and 

aggressive competing use. 

That is why AMA District 37 strongly supports the designation of the Spangler Hills OHV 

Recreation Area in your California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act We also appreciate your 

proposal to designate an Expansion Study for Spangler that would re-enable competitive use of the 

popular "C" routes that are currently outside this OHV recreation area. To us, this signals your 

understanding of the need to make up for some of OHV's lost acreage and lost opportunities for organized 

events. 

Given its great importance to both our desert communities and our metropolitan residents, it is 

important that we enact protections for managed and sustainable OHV -based recreation on the public 

lands in the California Desert. We look forward to working with you to do exactly that. 
173 


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The Honorable Paul Cook 

United States House of Representatives 

Washington, DC 20515 

The Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein and Congressman Cook, 

The undersigned are businesses and individual members of the Off Highway Vehicle (OHV} 

community who enjoy the California desert region as a home, playground, workplace, or all of 

the above. The California desert is one of the most stunning and unique landscapes in the 

world, and we are committed to ensuring it is protected for all Mure users to enjoy and 

appreciate. That is why we support the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

In the desert, one finds impressive rock formations, towering sand dunes, rugged mountain 

ranges, and multihued canyons. In addition, the desert supports a multitude of different 

pastimes, including off highway recreation. Tourism and recreation are an essential part of the 

region's economy. As members of the OHV community, we are fortunate to have such a wealth 

of diverse opportunities to experience and appreciate the land. 

We strongly support the protection of the California desert and seek to ensure continued access 

to, and enjoyment of, this special place. The California desert is a shared resource that 

necessitates a comprehensive approach to its protection that takes into account tile many 

diverse users of these special wild lands. We live in a region where enjoying the great outdoors 

can take many forms-from hiking to fishing to camping to riding. We wish to ensure we 

continue to have these opportunities for recreation, while also guaranteeing sensitive 

ecosystems and scenic wonders are protected. We applaud your initiative to reconcile 

recreation with conservation by allocating some areas for off-road vehicle use, while designating 

others for wilderness protection. It's absolutely necessary to protect the natural wonders that 

draw visitors to the California desert and drive the local and state tourism economy. Striking a 

balance between human activities and ecological welfare makes it possible to live not only in, 

but with, the desert environment. We believe that your efforts embody this compromise, and 

greatly appreciate your consideration for all members of the desert community. 

We encourage you to continue to work together towards the passage of the California Desert 

Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, which will preserve our treasured public lands, 

ensure access for recreational pursuits, and benefit local economies. Thank you both for your 

continued commitment to protect our nation's heritage. 

Sincerely, 
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Honda of Glendale 

Oarleen Strong, Vice President 

Glendale,' CA 

Encinitas Ford 

Jeff Lyman, Fleet & Commercial Truck Manager 

Carlsbad, CA 

Sportscoach Owners International 

Edward Waldheim, President 

Glendale, CA 

Vision Mechanical Services 

Richie Wohlers, Controller 

Thousand Oaks, CA 

Norm Hill Aviation Inc 

Norm Hill, CEO/President 

California City, CA 

J's Maintenance 

Edward Waldheim, OWner 

Glendale, CA 

Nosala Engineering & Manufacturing 

Wayne Nosala, President 

Mojave,CA 

Red Sky Enterprises 

Tom McDonald, Owner 

Fair Oaks, CA 

Battle Born Homes 

Greg Olson, Owner 

Henderson, NV 

Benjamin Lewis Inc. 

Jeff Benjamin, President 

Laguna Hills, CA 

Rapid Packaging Plus 

Richard Clark, Owner 

Riverside, CA 

Southland Cycle Centre 

Aaron Moon, Manager 

Garden Grove, CA 

California City Economic Development Corp. 

Jean Paul LeBlanc, Assistant Treasurer 

California City, CA 

Pacific Mechanical Contractors 

Donn Nay, Treasurer 

Baldwin Park, CA 

McCafferty Skylights Inc 

Dave McCafferty, Owner 

Orange, CA 

Terry Work 

President, Point Mugu 4x4 Club 

Senior Systems Administrator, Rio Tinto Minerals 

Quartz Hill, CA 

Jerry Grabow 

President. AMA District 37 

Grove,CA 

Thomas Edmonds 

Representative, Kern County Central Committee 

Member, AMA District 37 

Bakersfield, CA 

Michael OetzeU 

Member, AMA District 37 

Newhaii,CA 

Gilbert Busick 

Member, AMA District 37 

Ef Segundo, CA 

Michael Neagle 

Member, AMA District 37 

Ridgecrest, CA 
175 


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Gary Lozonne 

Desert Racer, AMA District 37 

Costa Mesa, CA 

Charles Fox 

Member. AMA District 37 

los Angeles, CA 

Sarah Sutliff 

Hesperia, CA 

John Karell 

Orange, CA 

Kelly Phelan 

Oak Hills. CA 

Kevin Shutt 

Tustin, CA 

Ryan Karel! 

Irvine, CA 

Adam Anderson 

La Verne, CA 

Jeff Nelson 

Hesperia, CA 

Jim Wilson 

Hesperia, CA 

Curtis Parker 

Huntington Beach, CA 

Ashley Newberry 

Anaheim, CA 

Michael Potgleter 

Culver City, CA 

Joseph Watson 

Azusa, CA 

Jim Herrera 

Los Angeles, CA 

Max Eddy 

Barstow, CA 

Jim Deal 

Hesperia, CA 

Richard Wohlers 

Apple Valley, CA 

Mason Todd 

Ridgecrest, CA 

Tom Materna 

Sherman Oaks, CA 

Jack Fitzgerald 

Orange, CA 

Alan Peppel 

Palmdale, CA 

Jerry Oman 

North Hollywood, CA 

Joe Dungan 

Anaheim, CA 

John Henneke 

Santa Ana, CA 

Mark Evans 

Sunland, CA 
176 

Senator FEINSTEIN. I would also like to submit a set of photographs of what we are talking about because nothing matches looking at this. 

[The information referred to follows:] 

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215 

Senator FEINSTEIN. What people do not understand is that the 

California desert is unique. It’s got flora, it’s got fauna, it’s got bighorn sheep, it’s got mule deer, it’s got desert tortoises and it’s an 

incredible landscape. 

What I have tried to do for the last 20 years, and candidly the 

first bill was a lot easier and faster than this bill, is to work with 

the communities and take only those lands which we really believe 

there is unity in terms of putting into this bill. 

We have found we have one million off roaders in California. If 

you do not give off roaders some land, what happens is they go all 

over the place and the indentations from the wheels of the off road 

vehicles stay there and so it ruins. If you have desert tortoise habitat, it tears it up. 

So in the first bill we did the Algodones Dunes, part of those 

dunes, as off road vehicles. We have worked with them. We have 

their support for this bill. 

I think you will find that in Southern California there is very 

broad support for the bill. So I do not want to take any more time. 

I think we have got everything we need for your record, and I just 

want to thank you for this testimony. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Senator Feinstein. 

Senator FEINSTEIN. Thank you. 

Senator BARRASSO. We have other members of the Committee 

that have bills on the agenda. 

Senator Flake. 

STATEMENT OF HON. JEFF FLAKE, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM ARIZONA 

Senator FLAKE. Thank you. Thanks for holding this hearing. I 

just want to say, Senator Wyden was talking about the land exchange that had been authorized six years ago. I have got one that 

was ten years ago, and that is what this legislation is about. 

It was the Northern Arizona land exchange in the Verde River 

Basin Partnership Act. In 2005 it conveyed 237 acres of land in the 

Kaibab National Forest at fair market value for a group called, 

Young Life, to use as a youth camp. The problem is the conveyance 

said 237 acres. The map said 212, and the discrepancy there has 

caused the Forest Service to say that they cannot go forward with 

the transfer. 

I wish this bill was not necessary, but it was Congress’ clear intent to convey 237 acres. Secretary Vilsack wrote me a letter the 

other day saying that they will work with us on this. This was simply a technical issue, and hopefully this bill will clear it up. 

So I appreciate the Chairman moving forward with this. 

Thank you. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you, Senator Flake. 

Senator Gardner. 

STATEMENT OF HON. CORY GARDNER, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM COLORADO 

Senator GARDNER. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, and thank you for 

the opportunity for these bills to come before the Senate today. 

There are three Colorado bills before the Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee this afternoon. 

216 

Senate bill 1295 which deals with the Arapaho National Forest 

Boundary Adjustment; Senate bill 1941 dealing with what is 

known as the Crags Colorado Land Exchange Act; and finally Senate bill 1942 which is the Elkhorn Ranch and White River National 

Forest Conveyance Act. These all have broad, local support. 

I know Mr. Casamassa will be here today talking about these 

bills, and he is very familiar with particularly the Arapaho National Forest and some of the work that we have been doing on 

these. 

I certainly appreciate the opportunity and the broad bipartisan 

support that these bills have received. I appreciate the opportunity 

for them to be heard today. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Senator Gardner. 

Senator Sullivan, welcome to the Committee. 

STATEMENT OF HON. DAN SULLIVAN, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA 

Senator SULLIVAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman and Madam Chair. 

It is always good to see both of you and thank you for the opportunity to testify today. 

Before I speak to my bill I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge Leo Barlow’s presence to testify on Senator Murkowski’s bill 

which is focused on Southeast Alaska’s land, Landless Natives, and 

that is a bill that I have co-sponsored. I know he will do a great 

job. 

My bill that we are presenting today is S. 1955, the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act, which is also co-sponsored by the Chairman of this Committee. It is simply about, as the 

title states, equity and fairness. 

Equity for the men and women who left their families and 

friends and their state and home to serve their nation during one 

of the most controversial conflicts our nation has known. 

You may have heard me state this before and it is something 

that all Alaskans are proud of, but Alaskan Natives serve in the 

U.S. military at higher rates than any other ethnic group in the 

country. So think about that, a service that when they have come 

home from wars and overseas they have not always, certainly, been 

treated well by their own Federal Government. Yet they serve at 

the highest rates, very much a special kind of patriotism that we 

have among our Alaska Native community. 

This bill aims to cure an injustice. Under the Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906 Alaska Natives were entitled to up to 160 acres 

of land from the Federal Government. The Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act (ANCSA) passed by Congress in 1971 repealed this 

right and it became the deadline to apply for such an allotment in 

1971. Many Alaska Natives missed this deadline and opportunity 

because they were out of state serving in the U.S. military. As a 

veteran who was deployed overseas I understand this dilemma. 

We, as a nation, should honor our prior promises, especially to 

those who wear the uniform. This bill does exactly that. It affords 

those who served in the U.S. military during the Vietnam era the 

opportunity, their opportunity, to do what other Alaska Natives 

were allowed to do, apply for a Native Allotment. 

217 

Thus I find it a bit ironic that the Obama Administration has 

stated that they are committed to equitable treatment of Alaska 

Natives in their testimony, but they are opposed to this bill. Ironic 

when the very goal of this bill is equitable treatment. It is a parity 

for our Alaska Native Vietnam era veterans, and I think it should 

be rectified. 

I stand ready and willing to work with members of this Committee, Mr. Chairman, Madam Chair, to make sure that those who 

have served their country and were not afforded the opportunity 

for what other Alaskan Natives had can now have that opportunity. 

This year marks the 40th anniversary of the Vietnam War. Let’s 

make this an anniversary that also focuses on those who served in 

that war and to treat them fairly. 

Thank you very much. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you, Senator Sullivan. 

Senator Murkowski. 

STATEMENT OF HON. LISA MURKOWSKI, 

U.S. SENATOR FROM ALASKA 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

I want to thank my colleague for introducing this very important 

bill that, as he reminds us, brings about a level of equity to our 

Alaska Native veterans who have really been left out of this process. I thank not only him for bringing this forward, but for Congressman Young over in the House, who over the course of years 

the Alaska delegation has stood very firm and very consistently in 

trying to advance this measure and to address the inequity that we 

see. So thank you, Senator Sullivan. 

There are two Alaska-related bills that are before the Committee 

here today. Mr. Chairman, I appreciate the opportunity to have 

these bills heard before the Subcommittee. 

The measure that Senator Sullivan has spoken to, S. 1955, is one 

that I am proudly co-sponsoring. The other bill that I would like 

to speak to this afternoon is S. 872 which also addresses an inequity with our Alaska Natives and the inequity relates to our 

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act where there were five communities, five Southeastern communities, that did not receive the 

same level of benefit that others did throughout the state. I would 

like to just give, very briefly, a little bit of the background because 

I think it puts in context what we are dealing with here. 

Back in 1971 Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, and this was to settle the aboriginal land claims of our 

Alaska Natives. It pioneered, really, a new method of how the 

United States would provide for redress to compensate Native 

Americans. It cleared the way for Alaska Natives to receive 44 million acres and $962 million in compensation. The land and the 

money then came through 13 different regional corporations as well 

as 220 village and urban corporations. 

The Act specifically established village corporations for any town 

that had 25 Native residents in 1970, and they had to meet other 

criteria as well. But for unexplained reasons, and believe me, we 

have gone back through all the legislative history out there, there 

were five towns in Southeastern Alaska, Ketchikan, where I was 

218 

born, Wrangell, where I spent some growing up years, Petersburg, 

Tenakee and Haines. These five villages were not allowed to form 

village or urban corporations even though there were ten other villages plus Juneau, our capital, and Sitka, a former capital, that 

were allowed such corporations. 

So as I mentioned the history on this, I think, is somewhat complex. There is no debate as to whether or not these communities 

met the historic criteria as Native communities. It is pretty close 

to impossible to suggest that Ketchikan or Wrangell or Haines, for 

example, were somehow or other significantly different from Juneau or from Sitka in their Native traditions or their Native versus 

non-Native populations. 

There has been a review, a study by the University of Alaska’s 

Institute of Social and Economic Research. It found that village 

corporation shareholders in Southeast Alaska gained about $2,900 

more in dividends a year than the at-large, regional corporation 

shareholders and urban corporation shareholders gained about another $240 more per year. 

I think it is important because it has been argued that somehow 

or other the Landless Natives have not been placed at a disadvantage in terms of a financial equity because of their status at large. 

This is something I hope that we can get out on the record today 

that, in fact, there is a disparity. So it is time that we address the 

inequity for these roughly 3,500 Alaska Natives who were not authorized to form village corporations and have been disadvantaged 

effectively for about 40 years now. 

What we do in this legislation, and I am pleased that Senator 

Sullivan is co-sponsoring this with us, is to set a framework to 

begin the discussions on how to address this. I think Senator Sullivan has outlined very clearly the history of the legislation that he 

has introduced and the need, the imperative, to ensure that those 

veterans, who served us so honorably, are not further disadvantaged, and that they too will be able to receive their allotments and 

not be kept out. Right now about 400 of the 2,800 Natives who 

served during the war have been able to qualify for land. That is 

just not right. 

The legislation that he has introduced solves these inequities. It 

also protects the parks, the monuments and conservation units. We 

are not talking about taking land from the conservation units, taking lands from the parks to give to our Alaska Natives. It would 

allow Natives who served at any point during the war to gain their 

lands, acknowledging just how difficult it was for them to apply for 

and qualify for lands when they were serving in our military. 

So what we are doing today with these two measures is to bring 

about, again, a level of equity and fairness to Alaska’s Native people. 

I have been working for a decade to try to finally bring about equity to our Sealaska shareholders, and we were able to complete 

that legislation last year. It is good to have that one done. 

But I made a commitment and a pledge that we would not forget 

our Landless Natives, and we will never forget our Native veterans 

that have served us so honorably. 

Mr. Chairman, there are two Alaska witnesses that I would like 

to just, very briefly, introduce and welcome to the Committee. 

219 

Mr. Leo Barlow, who is from Wrangell, is here today on behalf 

of the Southeast Alaska Landless Native Corporation. He has come 

a long way to be here to speak to us today and has been engaged 

and a strong representative on this issue for a long, long time. I 

truly appreciate him joining us. 

He is also joined by another Alaskan, Mr. Buck Lindekugel. Buck 

has been before the Committee previously. He is an attorney with 

the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council. He too, has traveled a 

long way to be with us today. 

So I welcome them both. 

Senator BARRASSO. Well thank you, Madam Chairman. I would 

ask those two as well as the other four witnesses to please come 

to the witness table so we can get on to the next portion of the 

hearing. 

At the end of the witness testimony we will begin a series of 

questions. Your full written testimony will be made part of the official hearing record. Please keep your statements to five minutes so 

that we may have time for questions. I look forward to hearing 

from each and every one of you. 

We want to start with Mr. Glenn Casamassa, who is the Associate Deputy Chief of the United States Forest Service. 

STATEMENT OF GLENN CASAMASSA, ASSOCIATE DEPUTY 

CHIEF, NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF 

AGRICULTURE 

Mr. CASAMASSA. Thank you, Chairman Barrasso and Senator 

Murkowski, members of the Subcommittee, for inviting me here 

today to testify on behalf of the United States Forest Service and 

from the Department of Agriculture. 

I’m Glenn Casamassa, the Associate Deputy Chief of the National Forest System and there are seven bills that I’ve been asked 

to address. So I will keep my comments short. And I’ve provided 

written testimony for the record. 

Senate bill 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act of 2015, would designate approximately 63,000 acres of 

land in the San Bernardino National Forest along with approximately 73,000 acres of land administered by the Bureau of Land 

Management as the Sand and Snow National Monument. The 

monument would be managed jointly by both agencies. 

The Department supports the monument designation and welcomes the opportunity to work with the Secretary of the Interior 

in the co-managing of the proposed monument. 

The bill would designate approximately 7,200 acres of wilderness 

addition on the West and South ends of the existing 96,000 acre 

San Gorgonio Wilderness and it includes 1,000 acres of private 

property owned by the Wildlands Conservancy. 

The Department supports this wilderness addition as it would 

improve management efficiencies within the area. The bill would 

transfer administrative jurisdiction over approximately 40 acres of 

National Forest System land to the BLM for inclusion in the proposed Alabama Hills National Scenic area, and the Department 

supports the transfer of this parcel. 

220 

Overall the Department supports the bill and as noted in my 

written testimony we look forward to working with the Subcommittee to address some technical concerns in the bill. 

S. 1295, the Arapaho National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act 

of 2015, would modify the boundary of the Arapaho National Forest 

in the State of Colorado to incorporate approximately 921⁄2 acres of 

land currently outside the National Forest boundary. All Federal 

land within the new boundary would be included in the Bowen 

Gulch protection area established under Section 6 of the Colorado 

Wilderness Act of 1993. The Department supports the bill and 

would like to work with the Committee to clarify motorized use for 

administrative purposes would be allowed within the new boundary. 

Senate bill 1488 to designate the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead 

Sanctuary in the State of Oregon is within an area that’s proposed 

for designation that represents the major spawning tributary for 

the Steelhead in the North Umpqua River and so is an important 

sanctuary for the conservation and long term persistence of this 

highly valued fishery. The Department supports the bill. 

Senate bill 1592, a bill to clarify the description of certain Federal land under the Northern Arizona land exchange and Verde 

River Basin Partnership Act of 2005 to include additional land in 

the Kaibab National Forest. 

This bill would authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to convey 

an additional 25 acres to the Young Life Lost Canyon Organization 

Camp. The legislation map referenced by the act showed an area 

only of approximately 212 acres to be conveyed, instead of the approximately 2371⁄2 acres stated in the act. The area shown in the 

legislative map excluded a particular 25 acre parcel. And in order 

to ensure agreement between the acreage and the legal description 

the Forest Service would support and provide additional technical 

assistance to the Subcommittee. The Department supports the bill. 

Senate bill 1941, the Crags Colorado Land Exchange Act of 2015, 

would require a land exchange between the United States and the 

Broadmoor Hotel Incorporated. The United States would convey an 

83 acre track of National Forest System lands within the Pike National Forest and a non-exclusive perpetual easement for access 

and exchange for a 320 acre parcel and permanent trail easement 

for a section of the Bar Trail owned by the hotel. The Department 

supports the bill but would like to work with the Committee on a 

few concerns with the bill. 

Senate bill 1942, the Elkhorn Ranch and White River National 

Forest Conveyance Act of 2015, would direct the conveyance of a 

148 acre parcel of National Forest System land to the GordmanLeverich Partnership. The parcel is located within the White River 

National Forest. And while the Administration has some serious 

reservations about the use of Federal lands to compensate a private 

landowner, acknowledging the unusual circumstances in this specific case, the Department does not oppose the bill and the bill 

would resolve a long standing title issue associated with the property. 

Senate bill 2069, the Mt. Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act, would amend the Omnibus Public Lands Management 

Act of 2009 to modify provisions relating to certain land exchange 

221 

in the Mt. Hood National Forest in the State of Oregon. The Cooper Spur Land Exchange has been active since the creation of the 

Mt. Hood Wilderness Area through the 2009 Act and we look forward to working with the Committee and Senator Wyden’s staff to 

resolve the existing issues that will assist our ability to complete 

the land exchange. 

Again, we look forward to working with the Committee and all 

of the bill’s sponsors to resolve some minor issues with the bills 

that we’ve testified on today. And this concludes my remarks. And 

I’d be happy to answer any questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Casamassa follows:] 

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STATEMENT OF 

GLENN CASAMASSA 

ASSOCIATE DEPUTY CHIEF, NATIONAL FOREST SYSTEM 

U.S. FOREST SERVICE 

U.S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE 

BEFORE THE 

UNITED STATES SENATE 

COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, FORESTS AND MINING 

October 8, 2015 

Mr. Chairman and members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to present the 

views of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) regarding S. 1295, S. 1448, S. 1941, and S. 

1942. 

S.1295, tbe "Arapaho National Forest Boundary Adjustment Act" 

5.1295 would modify the boundary of the Arapaho National Forest in the State of Colorado to 

incorporate approximately 92.95 acres of land currently outside the proclaimed National Forest 

boundary. All Federal land within the new boundary would be included in the Bowen Gulch 

Protection Area established under section 6 of the Colorado Wilderness Act of 1993. S. 1295 

requires the Secretary to obtain written permission from the owners of lots to include the lots in 

the boundary adjustment. Private land owners have provided letters of support. 

The Federal lands within the new boundary would be closed to motorized use by the public. S. 

1295 allows for continued motorized access over historical routes by owners of non-Federal land 

within the new boundary. 

The Department supports S. 1295. It would provide National Forest status for parcels previously 

purchased. It would also allow the Forest Service to use its existing land exchange authorities to 

acquire additional parcels from willing landowners within the new boundary. Completion of 

these acquisitions would ensure protection of the Rocky Mountain National Park view-shed and 

the resource values of the Bowen Gulch Protection Area. We would also like to work with the 

Committee to clarify that motorized use for administrative purposes within the new boundary 

area is allowed. 

S. 1448, tbe "Frank Moore Wild Steelbead Sanctuary Designation Act" 

The Department supports S. 1448, which establishes the "Frank Moore Wild Steelhead 

Sanctuary". The area proposed for designation (Steamboat Creek) represents the major 

spawning tributary for wild steelhead in the North Umpqua River, and serves as an important 

sanctuary for conservation and long term persistence of this highly valued fisheries resource. 

Scientific studies and data indicate this area provides an important thermal refuge for wild 

steelhead production in the basin. Its designation and associated watershed restoration activities 

1 
223 


Insert graphic folio 254 98942A.211

will aid in promoting a resilient landscape for wild steelhead conservation into the future in the 

face of changing climate. 

Frank Moore is a legendary fly angler, wild fish conservationist, and World War II veteran who 

stormed the beaches of Normandy, France in 1944 for the D-Day allied invasion. He survived 

and together with his wife of 70+ years, Jeanne, built and were the long-time proprietors of the 

world-renowned Steamboat Inn along the North Umpqua River. In 2010, Frank Moore was 

inducted into the Fresh Water Fishing Hall of Fame, and is also featured in the recent, critically 

acclaimed documentary "Mending the Line." 

This designation is a tribute to Frank Moore and his service to our country in more ways than 

one. In a TED Talk last year (TEDxPortland, May 15, 2014), one of the viewers commented: 

"Absolutely amazing ... I am 19 and my generation needs role models like this man." 

S. 1941, the "Crags, Colorado Land Exchange Act of2015" 

S. 1941 would require a land exchange between the United States and Broadmoor Hotel, Inc. 

(BHI). The United States would convey an 83 acre tract of National Forest System Land and a 

non-exclusive perpetual easement for access in exchange for a 320 acre parcel and a permanent 

trail easement for a section of the Barr trail owned by BHI. Both exchange parcels are located 

within the Pike National Forest. 

The Department generally supports S. 1941 but would like to work with the committee on 

concerns with the bill. For example, we would like to help develop language that would ensure 

the northern boundary of the land conveyed is located to provide adequate space for Forest 

Service road maintenance and administration. 

The National Forest parcel that would be conveyed in the exchange has long been encumbered 

with significant resort improvements managed under special use authorization. In return for this 

parcel, the United States would receive an isolated inholding that the Forest Service has placed a 

high priority on acquiring. The inholding has significant recreational values and provides 

additional access for the public to the National Forest. 

As a result, the exchange will eliminate potentially significant development in a sensitive area in 

exchange for conveying Federal land where development impacts have already occurred. In 

addition, The United States would secure legal access on a segment of the very popular Barr 

trail. This trail provides an important recreational access to the Pike National Forest. 

S. 1942, the "Elkhorn Ranch and White River National Forest Conveyance Act Land 

Exchange Act of2015" 

S. 1942 would direct the conveyance of a 148 acre parcel of National Forest System land to the 

Gordman-Leverich Partnership. The parcel is located within the White River National Forest. 

While the Administration has serious reservations about the use ofFederallands to compensate a 

private landowner, acknowledging the unusual circumstances in this specific case, the 

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Department does not oppose S. 1942. The bill would resolve a long standing title issue 

associated with the property. 

A dependent resurvey, which is a survey dependent upon prior surveys of record, was completed 

in 1949, and established a property monument approximately 2,100 feet from the comer, relied 

upon by the original homesteaders. This meant that this parcel of national forest land had been 

managed as private land. 43 U.S.C. 772, enacted in 1909, provided for such resurveys and 

guaranteed that the bona fide rights oflandowners would be protected. 

Because this land survey discrepancy only came to light within the past 15 years, and because the 

parcel has never been managed as National Forest, protection of the bona fide rights of the 

landowners is appropriate. Resolution of this title issue will end a long-standing title claim in an 

efficient, fair manner. 

This concludes my remarks. I would be happy to answer any questions. Thank you for the 

opportunity to testify. 

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225 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much for your testimony. 

Next we will hear from Mr. Steve Ellis, who is the Deputy Director 

of Policy at the Bureau of Land Management. 

Mr. Ellis. 

STATEMENT OF STEVEN ELLIS, DEPUTY DIRECTOR, OPERATIONS, BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

Mr. ELLIS. Chairman Barrasso, Chairman Murkowski and Ranking Member Heinrich and members of the Subcommittee, I thank 

you for the opportunity to be here today. 

I’m Steve Ellis. I’m the Deputy Director of Operations for BLM, 

and I’m here to present the views of the Department of Interior on 

four bills that the Subcommittee is considering today. Many of 

these are complex bills. They affect multiple agencies than Interior. 

And I’ll briefly summarize our written testimony on these four 

bills. 

The S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation 

Act would provide a comprehensive approach to the management 

of the California Desert Conservation Area. Senator Feinstein has 

worked with stakeholders in Southern California for two decades to 

develop this approach which addresses the conservation of iconic 

desert landscapes and the development of renewable energy resources and provides for recreational and public access. 

The bill would establish Mojave Trails and the Sand to Snow National Monuments. The Mojave Trails area provides habitat 

connectivity in the Mojave Desert. It also contains the best preserved section of historic Route 66. 

The sand to snow area contains a range of ecosystems stretching 

from the desert oasis in big Morongo Canyon to Mount Saint 

Gargano. The Alabama Hills Scenic Area would contain some of 

Southern California’s most spectacular and iconic scenery. The bill 

also creates or expands six wilderness areas, it expands three units 

of the National Park System, establishes five off highway vehicle 

recreation areas and contains a number of other land provisions. 

We support the bill, and we’d like to work with the sponsors and 

the Committee on the issues that are detailed in my written statement. 

Senate 872 amends ANCSA, the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, to authorize five Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell to organize as urban corporations, entitling each to receive one township 

of land or approximately 23,040 acres of local areas of historic, cultural, traditional and economic importance. The bill provides that 

the establishment of these new urban corporations does not affect 

any entitlement to land of any Native Corporation established before this act can be even proposed. 

Although the Department opposes Senate 872, we’d be glad to 

work with the sponsor and the Committee to address issues with 

proposed legislation as well as problems with eligible, existing 

ANCSA communities. 

Senate 1955 would make two amendments to ANCSA in an effort 

to provide access to lands for individual Alaska Natives who have 

226 

not received lands from the Alaska Native Allotment Act, the Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment Act or ANCSA. 

The Department shares Congress’ commitment to fair and equitable treatment of Alaska Natives through the Alaska Land Conveyance program. While we oppose this version of the bill, we’d be 

willing to work with the sponsor and the Committee to address our 

shared priorities of quality and expeditiously completing the remaining entitlements under ANCSA and other applicable authorities. 

California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act, S. 1971, 

would add six new areas to the California Coastal National Monument which stretches along the beautiful and scenic coastline of 

California. These six areas, Trinidad Head, Lighthouse Ranch, Lost 

Coast Headlands, the Coast Dairies Public Lands, Piedras Blancas 

Outstanding Natural Area and Orange County Rocks and Islands 

are all currently managed for recreation and conservation. 

The BLM supports the addition of these areas to the monument 

and would like to work with the sponsor and the Committee on 

some technical issues. 

Thank you again for the opportunity to be here today. We look 

forward to working with the Committee to address the issues discussed in our testimony, and I’d be glad to answer any questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Ellis follows:] 

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Statement of 

Steven A. Ellis 

Deputy Director, Operations 

Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 

Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, & Mining 

S. 414, California Desert Conservation & Recreation Act of2015 

October 8, 2015 

Thank you for the opportunity to testify on S.414, the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of2015. S. 414 represents a milestone in Senator Feinstein's two decades-long 

effort to conserve the deserts of southern California while providing for public access and 

recreation in support of desert communities and the economy of southern California. This bill, 

which amends the 1994 California Desert Protection Act (CDPA) (Public Law 103-433), 

provides a comprehensive approach to the future management of federal lands within the 

California Desert Conservation Area (COCA). 

The Department of the Interior (DOl, Department) commends Senator Feinstein and her staff for 

their work over many years and with a broad range of stakeholders to address a wide array of 

resource issues and management concerns in the California Desert. The Department supports S. 

414 and looks forward to working closely with Senator Feinstein, the Committee, and our federal 

partners on this legislation. Due to the length and complexity of the bill, my testimony will 

summarize the views of DOl, but we would also like the opportunity to work further with the 

Senator and the Committee on certain aspects of the bill that we believe would facilitate 

implementation and improve the manageability of the areas that would be designated by S. 414. 

We defer to the Department of Agriculture and the Department of Defense regarding provisions 

in the bill concerning the lands and interests they administer. 

Background 

The California desert has been the subject ofBLM conservation efforts for nearly 40 years. The 

CDCA contains over 25 million acres and includes 16 million acres of public lands administered 

by the Department. It was singled out for special management in the Federal Land Policy and 

Management Act of 1976 (FLPMA). Section 601 ofFLPMA recognized the unique location of 

the COCA which is adjacent to the metropolitan areas of southern California and over 20 million 

residents. This location has always meant the management of the COCA's fragile resources 

must balance the public's desire for conservation, recreational activities, public access, energy 

development, rights-of-way, and other uses. The COCA Plan of 1980 and its associated 

amendments were vast in their scale, ambitious in their goals, and designed to accommodate a 

variety of uses and users. 

By the early 1990s, increased development pressures on the desert and new public awareness led 

many to believe that further measures were necessary to adequately conserve the special places 

of the California desert. Through the leadership of Senator Feinstein and others, careful 

deliberation and an extensive public process led to the enactment of the 1994 CDP A, which 

protected 69 new Wilderness areas, established three new units of the National Park Service, and 

provided strong protections for traditional cultural uses of the area by American Indian tribes. 

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The areas conserved by the CDPA are some of the most beloved in the West and are invaluable 

resources for the people of the California desert and the nearby Los Angeles metropolitan area. 

Over the past five years, Federal, state, and local partners have come together in a remarkable 

effort to plan for the responsible development of utility-scale renewable energy in the desert, 

balancing the promise of clean energy with our shared responsibility to protect the most special 

places and resources. As part of this effort, known as the Desert Renewable Energy 

Conservation Plan (DRECP), the BLM has conducted a comprehensive inventory and analysis of 

cultural, natural and recreation resources in the California desert, drawing on the expertise of 

both state and federal agencies as well as the input from local communities and the public. In the 

preferred alternative of the draft DRECP, new proposed conservation allocations would protect 

significant and intact natural habitats and cultural resources and link existing Congressionallydesignated National Conservation Lands. These proposed designations are compatible with the 

conservation designations proposed under S. 414 and reflect the result of an extensive, multistakeholder public process. 

Title I -California Desert Conservation & Recreation 

Title I of S. 414 is the product of Senator Feinstein's extensive collaborative efforts with various 

stakeholders. Her office engaged a broad cross-section of environmental organizations and 

others interested in the desert in dialogue, meetings, and field trips. This outreach effort 

achieved a significant level of consensus among participating groups- most notably, consensus 

regarding the bill's conservation provisions-and it led to important compromises concerning 

designation boundaries, accommodations for future military expansions, allowances for 

renewable energy development and transmission corridors, and many other issues. 

Title I establishes two new national monuments; creates three new wilderness areas and expands 

three existing Wilderness Areas; designates additional wilderness in Death Valley National Park, 

and releases portions of six Wilderness Study Areas. Title I also establishes the Vinagre Wash 

Special Management Area and Alabama Hills National Scenic Area; designates potential 

wilderness areas; expands three units of the National Park System; and establishes five OffHighway Vehicle (OHV) Recreation Areas, along with other provisions. 

The spectacular and diverse landscapes of the BLM's National Conservation Lands currently 

include 23 National Monuments. S. 414 would add the Mojave Trails National Monument and 

the Sand to Snow National Monument to that list. Each of the National Monuments and 

National Conservation Areas (NCAs) designated by Congress and managed by the BLM is 

unique. However, all of these designations have certain critical elements in common, including 

withdrawal from the public land, mining, and mineral leasing laws; managed OHV use; and 

language that directs the Secretary of the Interior only allow those uses that further the purposes 

for which the area is established. The designations proposed inS. 414 are consistent with these 

principles and we support their designation. 

Mojave Trails National Monument 

S. 414's proposed Mojave Trails National Monument encompasses approximately 965,500 acres 

of BLM-administered public lands in the Mojave Desert of southeastern California along historic 

Route 66 between Needles and Ludlow, California. The proposed monument connects six 

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existing designated BLM Wilderness Areas and lies between the Mojave National Preserve and 

Joshua Tree National Park. The proposed Mojave Trails National Monument would protect 

critical wildlife corridors between these protected areas as well as the best preserved section of 

the so-called "Mother Road," historic Route 66. Within the proposed monument are over 

250,000 acres of lands acquired for the BLM in the late 1990s from the Catellus Development 

Corporation for conservation purposes through donation by local conservation partners and 

through purchase with Land and Water Conservation Fund monies. The BLM currently manages 

much of this area to protect the desert environment through administratively-designated Areas of 

Critical Environmental Concern (ACECs) and Desert Wildlife Management Areas (DWMAs) 

protecting the habitat of the threatened desert tortoise and many other listed and sensitive 

species. The proposed monument has been identified for protection under all of the action 

alternatives being analyzed in the DRECP. 

The Department strongly supports designation of the Mojave Trails National Monument for its 

outstanding natural and cultural values. The bill provides for a variety of existing uses, such as 

rights-of-way, leases, mining claims, and a grazing lease, all of which would continue under the 

provisions of the bill. The Department would appreciate the opportunity to work with the 

sponsor on a number of issues related to these uses in the proposed Mojave Trails National 

Monument. 

Sand to Snow National Monument 

The proposed Sand to Snow National Monument includes an incredibly diverse and biologicallyrich terrain spanning from the San Bernardino Mountains to the west and Joshua Tree National 

Park to the east. The proposed monument includes approximately 73,200 acres of BLMadministered lands and 62,200 acres of lands under the management of the U.S. Forest Service 

within the San Bernardino National Forest. From west to east, the proposed monument descends 

from the snows of the 11,000-foot Mount San Gorgonio through the sands of the Sonoran and 

Mojave deserts, extends to the unusual desert riparian oasis of Big Morongo Canyon, and finally 

connects to the stark beauty of Joshua Tree National Park. The DRECP includes proposed 

National Conservation Lands units for the proposed monument area in all the action alternatives 

being analyzed. 

The Department strongly supports designation of the Sand to Snow National Monument for its 

outstanding natural values. We would like the opportunity to work with the sponsor on a number 

of technical issues in the Sand to Snow National Monument section of the bill, including 

accurate terminology, alignment with language for similar provisions in other laws, and time 

frames. 

Wilderness 

Section 1501 would designate the 88,000-acre Avawatz Mountains Wilderness, 8,000-acre Great 

Falls Basin Wilderness, the 80,000-acre Soda Mountains Wilderness, and the 32,500-acre Death 

Valley 17 Wilderness. In addition, this section would expand the existing Golden Valley 

Wilderness by approximately 7,500 acres, the Grass Valley Wilderness by 14,000 acres, the 

Kingston Range Wilderness by 53,000 acres, and Death Valley National Park Wilderness by 

59,000 acres. The Department supports each of these designations. These proposed additions to 

the National Wilderness Preservation System will protect fragile desert ecosystems and provide 

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important habitat for a diversity of plant and animal life. They also serve as a unique and 

irreplaceable living research laboratory. The Avawatz Mountains, for example, have been 

identified as important for regional habitat connectivity, enabling wildlife to move across a large 

landscape. These proposed Wilderness Areas provide opportunities for hiking, hunting, rock 

climbing and horseback riding for those who wish to experience the desert solitude and an 

outstanding backcountry experience. We would like to work with Senator Feinstein and the 

Committee on some management language modifications in section 1502. 

In particular, with regard to Sections 1502(a)(2)(A) and (B), NPS and BLM have collaborated in 

the past to address cross-boundary issues. The Department would like to work with the sponsor 

to ensure flexible interagency coordination moving forward. 

Section 1503 proposes to release over 120,000 acres of six BLM-administered wilderness study 

areas (WSAs) from WSA restrictions, allowing these areas to be managed according to the 

existing BLM land use plans. We support this provision. These lands are small portions of 

WSAs that were not designated wilderness by this or previous legislation. 

Vinagre Wash 

Sections 1601 through 1604 create the 82,000-acre Vinagre Wash Special Management Area 

(SMA) and identify four future potential new Wilderness Areas or expansions of existing 

designated Wilderness Areas within the SMA. The Secretary is directed to preserve the 

character of the potential wilderness areas for eventual inclusion in the National Wilderness 

Preservation System with limited specific exceptions for military uses. Designation of the lands 

would occur when the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of Defense, 

determines that all activities on these lands are compatible with the Wilderness Act of 1964. On 

other lands within the SMA, the bill provides that the Secretary would permit motorized 

recreation on designated routes. In recognition of the importance of the lands within the SMA to 

the Quechan Indian Nation and other Indian tribes, this section includes special protections of 

cultural resources and provides for a two-year study of those resources and related needs. The 

Department supports the designation of this area and commends Senator Feinstein for the public 

outreach and coordination that led to this proposal. We would like to work with the sponsor on 

minor amendments to the language to ensure consistency with existing plans and laws, and on a 

minor boundary modification for the Buzzard's Peak Potential Wilderness. 

National Park System Additions 

S. 414 would expand the three California Desert units of the National Park System: Death Valley 

National Park, Joshua Tree National Park, and Mojave National Preserve. Altogether, a total of 

approximately 72,000 acres of BLM-managed lands would be transferred to the NPS, and the 

NPS would be given authority to acquire an additional1,644 acres of non-federal land. In 

addition, the bill would establish several areas within Death Valley National Park as wilderness. 

These provisions would enhance opportunities for visitors seeking adventure and challenge, 

health and learning, and reflection and solitude in the great American desert lands of California. 

The Department strongly supports these additions and designations with amendments. 

Within Death Valley National Park, the areas known as North Eureka Valley, Ibex, Panamint 

Valley, Warm Springs, and Axe Head (about 47,580 acres in total) would be designated as 

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wilderness. In addition, the area known as the Bowling Alley, which consists of 32,520 acres of 

land adjacent to Death Valley National Park, would be transferred from the BLM to the NPS and 

designated as wilderness. All of these areas are appropriate for wilderness designation because 

of their superlative scenery and wilderness qualities. 

In addition to the 32,520 acres at the Bowling Alley, 6,400 acres of non-wilderness land in an 

area known as the Crater would be transferred from the BLM to the NPS for inclusion in Death 

Valley National Park. 

At Joshua Tree National Park, approximately 2,879 acres of BLM land would be transferred to 

the NPS. The NPS would also be authorized to acquire approximately I ,639 acres from the 

Mojave Desert Land Trust, which plans to donate the land to the park. These lands, which are 

contiguous to several places along the northern boundary of the park, are located in primary 

wildlife corridors that link the park with other public lands in the Mojave Desert. The park 

would also be authorized to acquire and administer the Joshua Tree Visitor Center, currently 

located outside the park boundary and owned by the Joshua Tree National Park Association, 

enabling the park to protect this asset and provide for its continued public use. 

At Mojave National Preserve, approximately 29,000 acres would be transferred from the BLM to 

the NPS for inclusion in the preserve. These lands include a unique plant assemblage known as 

the Lanfair Valley Desert Grassland. The Spirit Mountains, one of the most significant Native 

American Traditional Cultural Properties in the Mojave Desert, can be viewed from this area, 

making this a culturally significant site as well. 

The Department recommends amending S. 414 with respect to the Death Valley National Park 

wilderness designation by removing references to the "Federal Land Management and Policy Act 

of 1976" and "Conservation Areas" which are applicable to BLM-managed areas, but not to 

areas that are part of the National Park System. We believe that the proposed new section 

!50 I (b) should use the same language that was used for the park wilderness designation in 

section60l(a)ofP.L. 103-433 as enacted in 1994. 

We also recommend designating an approximately 1-acre area known as Mormon Peak 

Communication Area, which serves as a major communications hub for the Death Valley 

National Park community, as potential wilderness rather than wilderness, until such time that a 

technological alternative becomes available to the present system. 

In addition, we recommend deleting the proposed new section 170l(c) requiring a memorandum 

of understanding between the NPS and In yo County regarding access and use to gravel pits along 

Saline Valley Road within Death Valley National Park. This requirement is no longer relevant 

due to the fact that the NPS and the county are currently working together to find alternatives to 

the use of this site. 

Finally, the NPS would like the opportunity to work with the sponsor on a number of technical 

issues in the NPS-related sections of the bill, including accurate terminology, alignment with 

language for similar provisions in other laws, and time frames. 

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Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation Areas 

Section 1801 designates five OHV Recreation Areas totaling about 142,000 acres. The BLM 

supports each of these designations as they would provide congressionally designated areas for 

this popular recreational activity in the California Desert. The Dumont Dunes, El Mirage, Rasor, 

Spangler Hills, and Stoddard Valley Off-Highway Vehicle Recreation Areas would be consistent 

with BLM management goals for these areas. We would appreciate the opportunity to work with 

Senator Feinstein and the Committee on minor and technical amendments to this section, to 

address management discretion for commercial uses, consistency in naming, and the requirement 

for additional planning activities. 

Alabama Hills National Scenic Area 

Title XIX would establish the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area, which would encompass 

about 18,610 acres of public lands and would be administered as a unit of the National 

Landscape Conservation System. This title also provides for the transfer of about 40 acres of 

U.S. Forest Service land to the BLM; directs 132 acres of Federal land be taken into trust for the 

benefit of the Lone Pine Paiute-Shoshone Reservation; and provides for an acquisition by a 

private landowner to resolve an ongoing trespass issue. The Alabama Hills, which are proposed 

as a Special Recreation Management Area in the draft DRECP, contain unique geologic features 

that have attracted photographers, cinematographers, and recreationists for generations. The area 

provides stunning views of Mount Whitney and the Sierra Nevada Mountains and has 

spectacular natural arches, rolling hills, and vibrant wildflowers. The area also serves as a 

backdrop for iconic Hollywood movies and remains a popular location for commercial filming. 

This proposal is the outgrowth of a grassroots, community-based effort led by the Alabama Hills 

Stewardship Group, a community-based organization with which the BLM partners on public 

land stewardship and outdoor education projects in the Alabama Hills. The BLM supports the 

protection of this area as a part of the National Conservation Lands and the other provisions in 

this section, and would like to work with the sponsor on language to address management of 

utility rights-of-way, to ensure consistency with management of other units of the National 

Conservation Lands, and to address other minor technical issues. 

Miscellaneous Provisions 

Section 2001 provides for the transfer of approximately 1,000 acres of the Table Mountain 

Wilderness Study Area to the California Department of Parks and Recreation for administration 

as a unit of Anza-Borrego Desert State Park. This area contains 12 active mining claims, and the 

transfer would occur after claims are terminated. The BLM concurs with this transfer, but would 

like to work with the sponsor on language to ensure clarity of the transfer process and release 

language of the Wilderness Study Area status prior to transfer to California State Parks. This 

section also provides for conveyance of approximately 3,500 acres to the Department of 

Transportation for expansion of Holtville Airport. It is not clear how this conveyance would 

impact existing geothermal leases and management activities for the flat-tailed horned lizard. 

We would like to work further with the sponsor to avoid disruption of existing rights and existing 

conservation agreements. 

Section 2003 requires a study to assess the impacts of climate change on the California Desert 

Conservation Area within two years. The BLM believes that the analysis conducted as part of 

the DRECP will largely meet the requirements of this section. 

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Section 2004 establishes certain restrictions on the use of acquired or donated lands within the 

CDCA. The BLM supports most of these restrictions, but would like to work with the sponsor to 

ensure consistency with existing agreements and requirements, to provide for discretion and 

public input, and to ensure technical accuracy. Section 2005 provides for access by members of 

Indian tribes and requires the Secretary to develop a Tribal Cultural Resources Management Plan 

for the Xan Kwatchan Trail network. 

Section 2006 establishes the Black Lava Butte and Flat Top Mesa Area of Critical 

Environmental Concern, which would include approximately 6,500 acres of BLM-managed 

public lands. The BLM strongly supports this provision for the protection of the remarkable 

cultural resources located on Black Lava Butte. 

Section 2007 would transfer the federal reversionary interest in certain lands and minerals to the 

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. The BLM supports the goal of conveying 

the reversionary interest. As with previous such proposals, we recommend amending the 

legislation to ensure the payment of fair market value for the reversionary interest and to address 

issues of technical clarity. The value of the reversionary interest would be established through an 

appraisal by the Department of the Interior's Office of Valuation Services. Upon receiving that 

appraisal, the District could make a decision on purchasing the reversionary interest. All costs 

associated with this conveyance, including the appraisal, would be the responsibility of the 

Metropolitan Water District. 

Section l 03 requires the Secretary to work with the California State Lands Commission to 

develop a process for exchange of state parcels within the new conservation designations. The 

BLM concurs with this process, but would like to work with the sponsor on minor modifications 

to ensure it is consistent with existing authorities. 

Section 104 amends the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act (16 U.S.C. 1274(a)) by adding segments of 

five rivers to the National Wild and Scenic River System. Three of these, the Amargosa River, 

Surprise Canyon Creek and Whitewater River, cross public lands managed by the BLM and 

NPS. All three of these are important and rare riparian areas in the deserts of southern California 

providing habitat for a number of threatened, endangered and sensitive species. We support these 

designations and would like to work with the Committee on technical issues, including 

correcting what we believe is an error in the legal description. 

Section 105 contains a number of conforming amendments, some of which could significantly 

impact management of areas designated under the bill. We would like to work with the Senator 

and the Committee on the language regarding avoiding establishment of buffer zones. The 

section pertaining to Native Groundwater Supplies would preclude the use of groundwater from 

certain areas for commercial or industrial purposes in quantities exceeding estimated annual 

recharge rates or perennial safe yields as determined by the United States Geological Survey 

(USGS). The USGS has developed a model to estimate recharge in the desert southwest using 

precipitation and air temperature data from 1970 through 2006. Rainfall, runoff, and recharge 

estimates for groundwater basins adjacent to Mojave National Preserve could be extracted from 

this model to assist in the evaluation of right-of-way applications for projects adjacent to the 

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Mojave National Preserve. Continued hydrologic monitoring will be necessary to avoid any 

significant impacts on the groundwater resource and other environmental resources supported by 

groundwater. The Department has no objection to this provision, which would strengthen 

protection of this critical resource by requiring a careful and balanced review of development 

proposals in this area. 

Title II- Development of Renewable Energy on Public Lands 

Title II ofS. 414 establishes a new process for disposition of revenues received for the 

development of wind or solar energy on BLM-administcred lands throughout the West. Under 

this title, 25 percent of revenues would be distributed to States, 25 percent to counties. For ten 

years, 15 percent of revenues would be used for the processing of renewable energy permits, 

while 35 percent would be deposited in a Renewable Energy Resource Conservation Fund 

(Fund). After ten years, the permit processing funds would also be deposited in the Fund. 

Currently, all such revenues from solar and wind energy authorizations on public lands go to the 

U.S. Treasury. We have concerns with the diversion of solar and wind energy receipts, including 

the potential long-term costs of such diversion. Section 202( c) provides for the establishment of 

the Fund to be administered by the Secretary of the Interior, who may make funds available to 

other Federal and State agencies for five purposes: 1) protection and restoration of important 

wildlife habitat and corridors and water resources, 2) conducting research with Universities on 

restoration and protection activities, 3) securing recreational access to Federal lands, 4) carrying 

out activities authorized under the Land and Water Conservation Fund, and 5) establishing, 

operating and maintaining a trans-State desert tortoise conservation center. The Secretary is also 

required to establish an Advisory Board to provide recommendations and guidance on the 

amount of funds expended from the Fund. 

Additionally, under existing authorities and regulations, the BLM currently collects full cost 

recovery as costs are incurred throughout the wind and solar application process. Due to the 

difficulty in estimating the total cost for processing an application upfront. the BLM 

recommends continuing its current cost recovery process. 

Conclusion 

The Department of the Interior appreciates Senator Feinstein's years of extensive public outreach 

and hard work on S. 414 and supports the bill. The Department has a number of substantive as 

well as minor and technical modifications to recommend, and we look forward to continuing to 

work with the sponsor and the Committee to address those issues as this bill moves through the 

legislative process. 

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Statement of 

Steven A. Ellis 

Deputy Director, Operations 

Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 

Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, & Mining 

S. 872, Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

Recognition and Compensation Act 

October 8, 2015 

Thank you for the opportunity to provide the views of the Department of the Interior on 

S. 872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and 

Compensation Act. S. 872 would amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

(ANCSA) to authorize the five Southeast Alaska Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, 

Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell to organize as urban corporations, entitling each to receive 

land in southeastern Alaska. 

The Department supports the goals of fulfilling ANCSA entitlements as soon as possible so that 

Alaska Native corporations may each have the full economic benefits of completed land 

entitlements. In recent years, the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) has maintained an 

accelerated pace in fulfilling entitlements pursuant to the ANCSA. To date, the BLM has 

fulfilled 96 percent of ANCSA and 95 percent of State of Alaska entitlements by interim 

conveyance, tentative approval, or patent. The BLM is committed to improving the Alaska land 

transfer process wherever opportunities exist. For example, the BLM has identified outdated and 

unnecessarily costly procedures required by a 42-year-old Memorandum of Understanding 

(MOU) with the State of Alaska and has developed a significantly faster, more accurate, and 

more cost effective method for land conveyances to the State. Using this modem approach will 

amount to large savings for the Federal government and fulfill the promise of the Alaska 

Statehood Act within the next fifteen years, a fraction of the time that would be required under 

the existing agreement between the state and the BLM. We have engaged the state regarding this 

significant opportunity and the need to revisit the 1973 MOU. 

Background 

ANCSA effected a final settlement of the aboriginal claims of Native Americans in Alaska 

through payment of$962.5 million and conveyances of more than 44 million acres of Federal 

land. Although it was impossible for Congress to have effected total parity among all villages in 

the state, there was a distinction made in ANCSA between the villages in the southeast and those 

located elsewhere. Prior to the passage of ANCSA, Natives in the southeast received payments 

from the United States pursuant to court cases in the 1950s and late 1960s, for the taking of their 

aboriginal lands. Because Natives in the Sealaska region benefitted from an additional cash 

settlement under ANCSA, the eligible communities received less acreage than their counterparts 

elsewhere in Alaska. Congress specifically named the villages in the southeast that were to be 

recognized in ANCSA; these five communities were not among those named. Despite this, the 

five communities applied to receive benefits under ANCSA and were determined to be 

ineligible. Three of the five appealed their status and were denied. 
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Notwithstanding the ineligibility of some communities for corporate status under ANCSA, all 

Natives potentially receive benefits from the ANCSA settlement. Alaska Natives in these five 

communities are enrolled as at-large shareholders in the Sealaska Corporation. The enrolled 

members of the five communities comprise more than 20 percent of the enrolled membership of 

the Sealaska Corporation, and as such, have received benefits from the original ANCSA 

settlement. 

S. 872 would amend ANCSA to authorize the five Southeast Alaska Native communities of 

Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell to organize as urban corporations, 

entitling each, upon incorporation, to receive one township of land (23,040 acres) from local 

areas of historical, cultural, traditional and economic importance. The bill provides that 

establishment of these new urban corporations does not affect any entitlement to land of any 

Native Corporation established before this act being proposed. 

Recognition of these five communities as provided in the bill, despite the history and 

requirements of ANCSA, risks setting a precedent for other similar communities to seek to 

overturn administrative finality and re-open their status determinations. Establishing this de 

facto new process would contravene the purposes of ANCSA and could create a continual land 

transfer cycle in Alaska. 

The Department also has concerns with specific provisions in the bill. For example, in section 6, 

new ANCSA section 43 contains very open-ended selection language. The provision does not 

require the new urban corporations to take lands for "the township or townships in which all or 

part of the Native village is located," as provided for in ANCSA. Instead, it requires only that 

the lands be "local areas of historical, cultural, traditional, and economic importance to Alaska 

Natives" from the villages. The bill also appears to require the Secretary, in consultation with 

the Secretary of Commerce and representatives from Scalaska Corporation. to select and offer 

lands to the new urban corporations. 

Although the Department does not support S. 872, we would be glad to work with the sponsors 

and the Committee to address these issues as well as problems with eligible existing ANCSA 

communities. For instance, rather than simply addressing the perceived inequities of five 

communities formerly deemed to be ineligible under ANCSA, the Department would like to 

work with the Committee to find solutions to the existing eligible communities that have no 

remaining administrative remedies, such as the villages ofNagamut, Canyon Village and 

Kaktovik. 

Conclusion 

The BLM's Alaska Land Transfer program is now in a late stage of implementation and the 

Department strongly supports the equitable and expeditious completion of the remaining Alaska 

Native entitlements under ANCSA and other applicable authorities. S. 872 would delay the 

Department's goal of completing the Alaska Land Transfer Program and fulfilling land 
237 


Insert graphic folio 271 98942A.223

entitlements for Alaska Natives and the State. The Department believes that the completion of 

the remaining land transfers under ANCSA and the Statehood Act is necessary to equitably 

resolve the remaining claims and realize the existing Congressional mandate. 
238 


Insert graphic folio 272 98942A.224

Statement of 

Steven A. Ellis 

Deputy Director, Operations 

Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 

Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, & Mining 

S. 1955, Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act 

October 8, 2015 

Thank you for the opportunity to provide the views of the Department of the Interior on S. 1955, 

the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act. S. 1955 would make two amendments 

to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA), in an effort to provide access to lands for 

individual Alaska Natives who have not received lands under the Alaska Native Allotment Act, 

the Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment Act, and ANCSA. 

Background 

The Alaska Native Allotment Act (1906 Act) was passed in May of 1906, and gave the Secretary 

of the Interior authority to convey up to 160 acres of non-mineral land to individual Alaska 

Natives. Over 10,000 Alaska Natives filed allotment applications. 

The 1906 Allotment Act was repealed with the enactment of ANCSA in 1971, but ANCSA 

contained a savings provision for individual allotment claims then pending before the 

Department. In 1981, the vast majority of the still-pending applications were legislatively 

approved by Section 905 of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA). 

There remain pending, as of the date of this hearing, approximately 280 applications under the 

1906 Act, most of which will require the State of Alaska to voluntarily reconvey title to the 

United States government before a conveyance can be made to the individual allotment claimant. 

The BLM has prioritized the completion of individual allotments, and to date has completed tina! 

patent to approximately 98 percent (over 13,100 parcels) of individual Native allotments. 

With respect to State land transfers, the BLM has identified a much faster, more accurate, and 

more cost-effective way to fultlll the promise of land conveyances called for in the Alaska 

Statehood Act. The BLM has proposed to use modern tools and to complete the remaining 

surveys and conveyances in a substantially shorter amount of time, while providing the State 

with higher quality data than was previously envisioned. This new approach could amount to 

substantial savings for the American taxpayer and will likely save the State both time and money 

after the land has been transferred. The BLM has presented the State of Alaska with the 

opportunity to jointly adopt this new approach through an update to a 1973 Memorandum of 

Understanding on surveying and monumenting and we are working with the State to determine a 

common path forward. It is our sincere hope to partner with the State of Alaska in this 

innovative new survey method to convey the remaining State lands out of Federal ownership and 

tlnally fulfill the promise of the Alaska Statehood Act. 
239 


Insert graphic folio 273 98942A.225

The Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment Act (P.L.l 05-276) was enacted in 1998 to 

resolve problems with the repeal of the Allotment Act when some Alaska Native veterans of the 

Vietnam War missed opportunities to apply for allotments as a result of service in the U.S. armed 

forces immediately prior to 1971. The 1998 Act authorized the Department to reopen Native 

allotment applications for an 18-month period ending in January 2002, for certain Alaska Native 

Vietnam War-era veterans who may have been prevented from filing timely applications in 1971 

because they were on active military duty at the time. 

Congress tightly restricted the time period for which applications were reopened in order to 

minimize effects on other pending applications, private property interests, and other government 

programs. During this time period, the BLM received applications from 740 individuals 

claiming a total of I ,070 parcels. Of these, about 70 percent did not meet the terms of the Act 

and were rejected. Certificates for 243 allotments have been issued, and just eight parcels 

remain pending. The Vietnam-era Veterans transfer program is nearly completed. 

Provisions inS. 1955 apply to two distinct groups of Alaska Natives seeking allotments of 

Federal land in Alaska under the authority of the !906 Allotment Act. First, for a group of 

Alaska Natives whose applications: I) were pending at the Department on the date of repeal for 

the 1906 Act; 2) were for allotments in the Tongass or Chugach National Forests; and 3) which 

claimed ancestral rather than personal use and occupancy, section 2 of S. 1955 would override 

the !983 Ninth Circuit decision in Shields v. United States. The bill would reopen and 

legislatively approve any application for a Native allotment in lands withdrawn for the Tongass 

and Chugach National Forests that was pending at the Department on December 18, 1971, the 

date on which ANCSA repealed the 1906 Act. 

The BLM expects that enactment of S. 1955 would require reopening and approval of over 

1000 scattered new inholdings within the two National Forests. Implications of S. !955 for lands 

already conveyed to Native Corporations under ANCSA arc uncertain. 

As to the second group of Alaska Natives seeking allotments, S. 1955 would allow any Alaska 

Native Vietnam War-era veteran who has not yet received a Native allotment to select up to 2 

parcels of Federal land totaling no more than 160 acres, and an heir may apply for an allotment 

on behalf of the estate of a deceased veteran. Unlike the carefully defined restrictions of the 

1998 Act, S. 1955 would allow Alaska Native veterans to select any vacant Federal land in the 

state of Alaska that is located outside of the TransAlaska Pipeline right-of-way, a unit of the 

National Park System, a National Preserve, or a National Monument. Thus, under S. 1955, 

available lands would include wildlife refuges, national forests, wilderness areas, acquired lands, 

national defense withdrawn lands, and lands selected by, or conveyed to, the State of Alaska or 

an Alaska Native Corporation. 

The bill would authorize compensatory replacement selections from appropriate Federal land, as 

determined by the Secretary, as a replacement for land Native corporations may voluntarily 

reconvey for Native veteran allotments, and would require the Secretary to publish regulations 

within one year. A Native veteran (or heir) would have three years afler the Secretary issues 
240 


Insert graphic folio 274 98942A.226

final regulations to tile an allotment application. Even though potential applicants may be 

submitted for up to four years, all conveyances under S. 1955 are required to be completed by 

December 31, 2020- an unworkable deadline to complete reopening of applications, realty and 

survey activities, and final patenting. 

As the Department has testified previously on legislation that would similarly reopen the Alaska 

land entitlement process, S. 1955 would disrupt precedent under existing law and complicate 

settled land use arrangements under ANCSA and ANILCA, undermining the goals of the Alaska 

Land Transfer Acceleration Act to finalize land entitlements under ANCSA, the Statehood Act, 

and existing applications for individual Alaska Natives and Native veterans. In this particular 

case, the bill would also create inequities between Alaska Native Vietnam veterans and Alaska 

Natives and award land to those who did not serve in the military prior to the repeal of the 

Allotment Act. 

The BLM's Alaska Land Conveyance program is now in a late stage of implementation and the 

Department strongly supports the equitable and expeditious completion of the remaining 

entitlements under ANCSA and other applicable authorities. However, S. 1955 raises a number 

of concerns: S. 1955 would re-open numerous land claims which the Department has worked 

hard to resolve, would allow broad selection of any vacant Federal land in the state of 

Alaska with few exceptions, would give rise to new issues of fairness to other Alaska Natives 

and other Vietnam-era veterans, and would disrupt settled land use arrangements under existing 

statutes. While the Department opposes this version of the bill, we would be willing to work 

with the Committee on this issue to address our shared priority of equitable treatment of Alaska 

Natives through the Alaska Land Conveyance program. 

Conclusion 

The title recovery provisions in this bill that amend ANCSA would delay the Department's goal 

of completing the Alaska Land Transfer Program, which is in its final stages. The Department 

believes the completion of remaining entitlements under ANCSA and the Statehood Act is 

necessary to equitably resolve the remaining claims and fulfill an existing Congressional 

mandate. 
241 


Insert graphic folio 275 98942A.227

Statement of 

Steven A. Ellis 

Deputy Director, Operations 

Bureau of Land Management, Department of the Interior 

Senate Energy & Natural Resources Committee 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, & Mining 

S. 1971, California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act 

October 8, 2015 

Thank you for the opportunity to testify on S.1971, the California Coastal National Monument 

Expansion Act. The bill would add six new areas totaling 6,320 acres to the California Coastal 

National Monument. The Department of the Interior supports S. 1971, and would also like to 

work with the sponsor and the Committee to address certain technical issues in the bill. 

Background 

The California coast is rugged and spectacular, representing one of the nation's most iconic and 

treasured landscapes. Millions of visitors travel up and down the California coast each year, 

stopping at coastal towns and vista points to experience breathtaking views and spectacular 

scenery and to observe an abundance of wildlife along the coast. In 2000, Presidential 

Proclamation 7264 established the California Coastal National Monument, administered by the 

Bureau of Land Management and comprising over 20,000 islands, rocks, and pinnacles along the 

1,100 mile California coast. In 2014, Presidential Proclamation 9089 expanded the Monument 

by adding the Point Arena-Stornetta unit, which represented the Monument's first onshore unit, 

providing a mainland base for access and interpretation of the monument and enhancing the 

public's enjoyment, appreciation and understanding of the California Coastal National 

Monument. 

Since the expansion of the boundary, many California coastal communities have built grassroots 

networks including businesses, environmental groups, members of the public, and other nongovernmental organizations that support the protection of additional lands along the coast as a 

unit of the California Coastal National Monument. Trinidad Head, Lighthouse Ranch, the Lost 

Coast Headlands, the Coast Dairies Public Lands, Piedras Blancas Outstanding Natural Area, 

and the Orange County Rocks and Islands are valued by nearby Coastal communities for their 

scenic, conservation and recreation values, and each of these areas contains nationally significant 

historical, cultural, natural, and scientific resources. 

Trinidad Head is a 60-acre rocky promontory surrounded by sea stacks in the Trinidad Harbor. 

The large and dominant coastal head is bordered by sheer cliffs that are often battered by strong 

winter storms, and the area is culturally and spiritually significant to the Native American 

communities of the Yurok, Tsurai, and Trinidad Rancheria. Thirteen acres on Trinidad Head, 

including the historic Trinidad Head Light Station, are managed by the BLM, and are used for 

scientific research and recreational activities. The BLM is working with community partners to 

develop a management plan for the area that will address public access, conservation, and 

recreation goals. 

Lighthouse Ranch, twelve miles south of Eureka, overlooks the Eel River Delta, the South Spit 

of Humboldt Bay, and the Pacific Ocean, offering stunning views of the coastline. The eightacre parcel administered by the BLM is managed for conservation and recreation, including 
242 


Insert graphic folio 276 98942A.228

picnicking, hiking, and wildlife viewing. The BLM also manages 600 nearby acres under a 

conservation easement with the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. 

The Lost Coast Headlands, located about 25 miles south of Eureka, comprise about 440 acres of 

BLM-managed public lands. These lands offer traditional grazing uses and recreational 

opportunities for hikers, horseback riders, cyclists, birdwatchers, and beachgoers. The headlands 

feature rolling hills, windswept coastal bluffs, and narrow beaches, and provide important habitat 

for a variety of bird, mammal and fish species. 

The Coast Dairies Public Lands, located near Davenport in Santa Cruz County, represent one of 

the last areas in the coastal foothills that is available to the public. The BLM manages 5,840 

acres of public land in the area, which includes perennial streams lined with coast redwoods and 

riparian corridors. The area is also home to rare fish and wildlife species such as the California 

red-legged frog, Coho salmon, and Central California Coast steelhead. The Cotoni-Coast Dairies 

area is also culturally and historically significant to many groups of Native American people who 

have lived here over the past several centuries. Today, these lands are managed for conservation 

of native coastal wildlife and habitats, the reclamation and remediation of facilities associated 

with a former concrete quarry, grazing, and recreational public uses. 

The Piedras Blancas Outstanding Natural Area, located six miles from the historic Hearst Castle 

in San Luis Obispo County on State Scenic Highway One, includes 20 acres of public lands that 

are part of the BLM's National Conservation Lands. The Piedras Blancas Light Station, listed 

on the National Register of Historic Places, began operation in 1875 and is still used today to aid 

marine navigation. The Light Station is named for the distinctive white rocks that loom just 

offshore. These rocks, and the rugged shoreline, are home to seabirds, sea lions, and elephant 

seals. Over 70 native plant species can be found on the habitat surrounding the Light Station. In 

addition, the Light Station is also an important area for scientific studies of whales, seals, and sea 

otters; seabirds; tide pools; and seismicity. The area provides excellent opportunities for visitors 

to enjoy wildlife observation, hiking, picnicking, nature study, tide-pool walks, and guided tours 

of the Light Station. 

The Orange County Rocks and Islands are designated under legislative withdrawals to the U.S. 

Coast Guard for lighthouse construction and navigation. Because of the withdrawals, these rocks 

were not incorporated as a unit of the California Coastal National Monument Nonetheless, the 

rocks contain unique geologic formations and support coastal wildlife. Because the Coast Guard 

no longer requires the use of these rocks and small islands for navigation purposes, local 

stakeholders propose to have the withdrawal removed and the rocks and islands incorporated as a 

unit of California Coastal National Monument. 

S. 1971, California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act 

S. 1971 would expand the boundary of the California Coastal National Monument to include 

Trinidad Head, Lighthouse Ranch, the Lost Coast Headlands, the Coast Dairies Public Lands, 

and Piedras Blancas Outstanding Natural Area. These five areas represent a total of 

approximately 6,320 acres of BLM-managed public lands located along the California coast. 

The bill would also remove the lighthouse reservation on the Orange County Rocks and Islands 

and be administered as a unit of the California Coastal National Monument. The bill would 

authorize these units to be managed in accordance with the two Presidential Proclamations that 

established and expanded the Monument. 
243 


Insert graphic folio 277 98942A.229

Each of the National Monuments and National Conservation Areas designated by Congress and 

managed by the BLM is unique. However, all of these designations have certain critical elements 

in common, including withdrawal from the public land, mining, and mineral leasing laws; OHV 

use limitations; and language that charges the Secretary of the Interior with allowing only those 

uses that further the purposes for which the area is established. The designations inS. 1971 are 

consistent with these principles and we support their designation. The addition of new units of 

the California Coastal National Monument will help strengthen and expand partnerships with 

California coastal communities, and provide opportunities for stewardship of coastal resources, 

interpretation, environmental education and other volunteer activities. In addition, visitors will 

experience and learn about the Monument and its natural and cultural resources. The proposed 

expansion of the Monument is consistent with the BLM's resource management goals and the 

purposes of the Proclamations. 

Under the bill, the Secretary, through the BLM, will be required to develop or amend the 

Resource Management Plan (RMP) for areas to be added to the Monument. Specifically, the bill 

requires that the BLM develop an RMP "for the long-term protection and management of the 

Federal land added to the Monument" as well as to address visitation and recreation by the 

public, along with other permitted and public uses. The bill further provides for continuation or 

development of cooperative agreements with state and local governments, tribes, environmental 

groups, and stewardship organizations. The BLM values and appreciates working closely with 

partners and looks forward to continuing to work with local government agencies and 

organizations on the management of these important areas. 

The bill will provide protection of Native American sacred sites, as well as manage access for 

traditional customary uses. The Monument additions will also provide for the establishment of 

an advisory council or the use of existing advisory bodies for each unit to provide input for 

development ofRMP amendments. The BLM recognizes the importance offostering positive 

working relationships with adjacent private landowners and other stakeholders, and we welcome 

the opportunity to work together with all stakeholders to effectively manage the additions to the 

California Coastal National Monument. 

Finally, the BLM would like to work with the sponsor to address a few technical issues related to 

grazing, the management plan, the legal status of the Piedras Blancas Outstanding Natural Area, 

and the structure and sunset for advisory councils. 

Conclusion 

The Department of the Interior appreciates Senator Boxer's work with local communities to 

develop this legislation. We support the legislation and look forward to working with the 

sponsor and the Committee to address certain technical issues. 
244 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Mr. Ellis. 

Next we will hear from Mr. Leo Barlow, from the Southeast Alaska Landless Native Corporation. Thanks for traveling such a great 

distance to be with us, Mr. Barlow. 

STATEMENT OF LEO BARLOW, REPRESENTATIVE, SOUTHEAST 

ALASKA LANDLESS CORPORATION 

Mr. BARLOW. Thank you. 

Good afternoon, Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden, 

Senator Murkowski and members of the Subcommittee. I’ve traveled here today from Alaska to provide testimony regarding Senate 

bill 872, a bill to provide for the recognition of five communities in 

Southeast Alaska in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. 

Thank you for this opportunity to testify on this important issue 

to several thousand Alaska Natives. And a special thank you to 

Chairwoman Murkowski and Senator Sullivan for introducing this 

much needed legislation and for taking on our cause. 

My name is Leo Barlow. I have the great honor and responsibility of serving as a representative for the community of Wrangell 

on the Southeast Alaska Landless Corporation Board of Directors 

which represents Alaska Natives in a role through ANCSA to the 

Native villages of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and 

Wrangell. The people I represent today have suffered an injustice 

for more than 40 years, an injustice that led to the legislation currently before this Subcommittee to address. 

In 1971 Congress enacted ANCSA to recognize and settle the aboriginal claims of Alaska Natives through their traditional homelands. ANCSA provided for the establishment of Native Corporations to receive and manage funds and lands awarded in settlement 

to the claims of all Alaska Natives. 

While many villages throughout Alaska and Southeast Alaska 

were recognized and afforded the opportunity to establish village or 

urban corporations and secure Native land in settlement, our five 

communities were denied the benefits of ANCSA. We have been 

fighting this injustice since the passage of the Act in 1971. 

Under the Act, as Alaska Natives we enrolled through one of 13 

regional corporations and also to the villages where we lived or to 

which we had a historic, cultural or familial tie. 

For example, I enrolled through the region for Southeast Alaska 

and also to the Village of Wrangell, my hometown where my ancestors have lived for many generations. A total of 747 Alaska Natives 

enrolled in the Native Village of Wrangell. Other members of our 

Landless Corporation enrolled through the four villages of Haines, 

Petersburg, Tenakee and Ketchikan. 

Those of us who enrolled in these five communities during the 

ANCSA process did so because these are the homelands and places 

of our origin. Our families and clans originated in these communities and we have lived on these lands for hundreds, if not thousands, of years. 

In Section 11 of ANCSA, Congress set forth a general process for 

determining the eligibility for each Native village in Alaska. The 

villages throughout the State of Alaska were listed in this section, 

and the Secretary of Interior was charged with making determinations as to whether the list of villages met the eligibility requireVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:14 Jan 04, 2018 Jkt 098942 PO 00000 Frm 00256 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\A942.XXX A942
245 

ments. For a number of reasons, however, there was a different 

process created for determining eligibility of Southeast Alaska Native Villages in Section 16 of the Act. 

These reasons included the previous Tlingit and Haida Indian 

Claims cash settlement, the existence of the Tongass National Forest and the existence of large timber contracts secured by powerful 

pulp companies and also the significant non-Native populations of 

certain communities. 

I would note that at least one of our communities, Tenakee, was 

at one time excluded from the Tongass National Forest through an 

Executive Order by President Roosevelt for the purposes of an Indian settlement. Therefore the differing treatment due to the creation of the Tongass National Forest was not justified in all circumstances. 

Another significant difference between Southeast and non-Southeast Alaska communities under the Act was the fact that Section 

11 of ANCSA provided for an appeal right for non-Southeast communities left off the list of eligible villages while Section 16 of 

ANCSA failed to provide the same appeal right to Southeast villages. 

Three of our coalition villages, Ketchikan, Haines and Tenakee, 

filed an appeal for this inequitable treatment to the Alaska Native 

Claims Appeal Board in the U.S. Department of the Interior 

through appeals in 1974 and 1997. The appeals were rejected because Section 16 made no provision for administrative reconsideration of the eligibility of villages in Southeast Alaska. Thus we 

must appeal directly to Congress for help. You are our only recourse. 

Southeast Alaska was the first area of Alaska with significant 

settlement by non-Natives because of the inviting climate and 

abundant resources in our homelands. Although we welcome nonNatives who have chosen to live in Southeast Alaska, their presence does not make our homes any less Native than the other villages in Southeast Alaska. Nonetheless this was a significant factor 

in the exclusion of our five communities from the list of eligible 

Southeast villages. This occurred despite the clear evidence that 

each of these communities had historical, cultural and traditional 

Alaska Native characteristics. 

The roughly 3,500 Natives who were originally enrolled in our 

Landless communities comprised over 20 percent of the shareholders of Sealaska in 1972. Over the years we’ve received revenue 

sharing distributions from Sealaska pursuant to Section 7J of the 

Act but have not enjoyed the social, economic and cultural benefits 

of owning shares in a village, urban or group corporation. Many of 

the village or urban corporations in our region have brought significant economic benefits to their communities not only for Native 

shareholders, but for all residents of those communities. 

Additionally we have been deprived of the significant cultural 

benefit of owning an interest in lands located within and around 

our traditional homelands. Some opponents argue that we have already seen the benefits of the Act due to at large distribution 

through Section 7J and therefore have been treated fairly. These 

arguments clearly do not understand or comprehend the value of 

Native land ownership to Native people. 

246 

The connection to our land is what defines us as Native people, 

not distributions. Establishment of these new ANCSA corporations 

and conveyance of Native lands will truly provide us with the benefits of the Act that we have been deprived of for so long. 

The history that I’m telling here today is not based only on opinions and conclusions made by Landless Natives. In 1993 the Congress directed the Secretary of the Interior to prepare a report examining the reasons why the unrecognized communities have been 

denied eligibility to form Native corporations under the Act. This 

report, the study of five Southeast Alaska communities, otherwise 

known as the ISER report, strongly supports the conclusion that 

requirements for villages eligible to form Native corporations were 

omitted by the Native villages of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, 

Tenakee and Wrangell. The ISER report noted that with the exception of Tenakee our communities appeared on early versions of Native village lists and the subsequent omission was never clearly explained in any provision of the Act or in the accompanying conference report. 

The ISER report also indicated that the population and percentages of Natives in each of our communities as well as the historic 

use and occupation of the lands were comparable to the Southeast 

Alaska communities recognized under ANCSA. 

Prior to the passage of ANCSA each of the unrecognized communities have been involved in advocating for the settlement of the 

aboriginal claims of their communities. In short, the ISER report 

found no meaningful distinction between the five unrecognized villages and other communities listed in Section 14 of ANCSA. And 

thus, no justification for omission from that list of communities eligible to form urban or group corporations under ANCSA. The ISER 

report is incorporated herein by reference. 

[The information referred to follows:] 

247 


Insert offset folio 286 here 98942A.230

,----------------------~-----------------

A STUDY oF FIVE SoUTHEAST 

AlAsKA CoMMUNITIES 

PREPARED FoR 

U .5. Deparunent of Agriculture, Forest Service 

U.S. Deparunent of the Interior, Bureau of land Management 

and Bureau of Indian Affairs 

PREPARED BY 

Institute of Social and Economic Research, University of Alaska Anchorage 

Lee Gorsuch 

Steve Colt 

Charles W. Smythe, C.W. Smythe Consulting Services 

Bart K Garber, Garber&: Bazzy, P.C. 

FEBRUARY 1994 

IhL\ publication is printed on recycled paper. 
248 


Insert offset folio 287 here 98942A.231

Institute of Social and Economic Research 

University of Alaska Anchorage 

3211 Providence Drive 

Anchorage, Alaska 99508 

Contract No. 53-0109-3-00368 

A Study of Five Southeast Alaska Communities 
249 


Insert offset folio 288 here 98942A.232

Preface 

In early 1993, Congress directed the Secreta!}' of the Interior to prepare a repon examining whether 

Congress had inadvenently denied five communities-Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and 

Wrangell-in Southeast Alaska status as recognized villages or urban places underthe 1971 Alaska Native 

Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). Natives from these five study communities were eligible to enroll as atlarge shareholders of Sealaska, the regional corporation established for Southeast Alaska. But they were not 

eligible to fonn village or urban corporations-and therefore received no land entitlements. Land 

entitlements that the ten village and two urban corporations in Southeast received have proved vel}' 

valuable, because they included stands of commercial timber. 

The Forest Setvice of the U .5. Depanment of Agriculture and the Bureaus of Land Management and 

Indian Af!airs of the U.S. Depanment of the Interior contracted with the Institute of Social and Economic 

Research (ISER) at the University of Alaska Anchorage to prepare a repon presenting the available, factual 

evidence on why the five study communities were omitted from ANCSA-and how the historical 

circumstances and conditions of the study communities compare with those of the Southeast communities 

that were recogmzed under ANCSA. 

Congress will use the historical record in this repon to help detennine whether the study communities 

were intentionally or inadvertently denied recognition under ANCSA. The legislative histol}' in many 

instances is not explicit, and a judgment about Congress's omission of these study communities is complicated by the fact that from the outset Native communities throughout Southeast Alaska were treated 

differently under ANCSA. To shed light on Congress's intention, we compiled the available evidence from 

the period before the claims settlement through implementation of ANCSA provisions. 

The first two chapters of the report examine Congress's broad authority to settle aboriginal land claims 

and the development and application of Congressional and administrative criteria for villages and urban 

communities recognized under ANCSA. Attorney Bart Garber wrote these two chapters. He examined in 

detail the histol}' of the settlement act-including several earlier proposed settlement bills--and 

interviewed a number of people who were involved in the process that ultimately led to passage of ANCSA 

in 1971. He particularly looked for evidence of how the status of the study communities changed, and why 

it changed, under the different settlement bills introduced between 1967 and 1971 

Chapter 3, by anthropologist Charles Smythe, examines the Tlingit and Haida land claims 

settlement-Alaska's first aboriginal land claims settlement, resulting from a suit the Natives of 

Southeast Alaska brought against the federal government. The author compares the participation of 

the study communities with that of other Southeast Alaska communities in the court case and the 

subsequent settlement. 

Chapter 4, by Lee Gorsuch, !SER's director, assesses similarities and differences in Native population 

characteristics of the study communities and other communities at the time ANCSA was passed. He uses 

two sources for those comparisons-the 1970 U.S. census, and the Alaska Native roll compiled for ANCSA 

in the first half of the 1970s. 
250 


Insert offset folio 289 here 98942A.233

!'REF ACE 

ii 

Chapter 5 describes historical Native use and occupation of the five study communities and of 

ANCSA communities in Southeast Alaska. ("Use and occupation" includes historical Native stewardship and management of land.) The author, anthropologist Charles Smythe, uses a number of criteriaranging from sites of early Native settlements to presence of government schools for Natives-to assess 

stmilarities and differences in historical use and occupation of communities that were and were not 

recognized under ANCSA. 

Chapter 6, also by anthropologist Charles Smythe, reports how ANCSA enrollment procedures were 

earned out in both the study communities and the recognized villages and urban communities. For that 

work he consulted available documents and also spoke with community residents who took pan in the 

enrollment process. 

Chapter 7, by ISER economist Steve Colt, repons on the financial benefits that shareholders of 

Southeast village and urban corporations have realized overthe years, as compared with benefits the 

at-large shareholders received. He points out that "benefits" can be defined in many ways, some of 

which can't be quantitattvely measured. His work, based on corporate reports and other sources, 

looks chiefly at cash distributions and mcome from timber harvests. 

Appendixes (bound in separate volumes) provide detailed histories of Native occupation and use in 

the five study communities, a legal analysts of ANCSA. and other relevant source documents as listed in 

the Table of Contents. 

About the Authors 

Steve Colt is a research economist with the Institute of Social and Economic Research. He has for 

several years examined the finances of the Native corporattons established under the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act (ANCSA). 

Bart K. Garber ts an Anchorage attorney who has studied the legal history and implementation 

ofANCSA. 

Lee Gorsuch is the director of the Institute of Social and Economic Research. He has a long-standing 

interest in Native land claims and the effects of ANCSA. 

Charles Smythe is an anthropologist with wide expenence in studying the histories of the Native 

peoples of Southeast Alaska. 
251 


Insert offset folio 290 here 98942A.234

Contents 

Preface 

Executive Summary: A Study of 

Five Southeast Alaska Villages vii 

Introduction and Background vii 

Provisions for Southeast Communities Under ANCSA vii 

The Study Comri:mnities viii 

The Alaska Oaims Settlements viii 

Participation of the Study Commurtities in the Tlingit and Haida Settlement ix 

Eligibility Criteria for ANCSA Village and Urban Corporations x 

Criteria for Village Corporations Except Southeast x 

Criteria for Urban Corporations xi 

Eligibility of Study and Other Southeast Communities xi 

Eligibility Determinations for Unlisted Southeast Villages xii 

Comparison of Southeast Community Populations xii 

Comparison of Enrollment Procedures xiii 

Histories of Use and Occupation in Study and Other Communities xv 

Finandal Benefits from Village and Urban Corporations xvii 

Chapter l. Congress and Alaska 

Land Claims Setdements 1 

Congressional Discretion in Settling Aboriginal Oaims 1 

The Tlingit And Haida Settlement 3 

Alaska Native Land Claims Settlement 5 
252 


Insert offset folio 291 here 98942A.235

CONTENTS 

Chapter 2. Review of ANCSA Eligibility Criteria 7 

Historical Development of the Term "Native Village" 7 

Native Groups Under Early Settlement Bills 7 

Federal Indian Policy and Alaska Native Villages 10 

The Governor's Task Force 11 

Native Village Beneficiaries Under S. 2906. 13 

Not Modem and Urban in Character and A Majority of Native Residents 15 

Village Lists 16 

Southeast Village Usts 16 

Historical Development of the Term "Urban Community" 17 

Native Village Certification Under ANCSA 19 

Southeast Village Eligibility Determinations 22 

Chapter 3. The Tlingit and Haida Settlement 25 

Origins of the Tlingit and Haida Settlement 25 

lmplernenung the jurisdictional Act: 

Creation of the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska 26 

Filing the Tlingit and Haida Lawsuit 27 

The 1959 Tlingit and Haida Claims and Aboriginal Indian Title 28 

After the 1959 Decision: The Central Council ofTlingit and Haida Indians 31 

The 1968 Tlingit and Haida Land Oaims Valuation of Indian Land Lost 34 

The Tlingit and Haida Central Council and ANCSA 35 

Summary 36 

References Cited 37 

Chapter 4. Southeast Alaska Community Populations 39 

Introduction 39 

Southeast Community Populations in 1970 39 

Other Sources of Native Population Data 41 

iv 
253 


Insert offset folio 292 here 98942A.236

CoNTINTs 

Chapter 5. Comparison of Historical Native Use and Occupancy 

in the Study Communities and in Other Southeast Communities 45 

Regional Overview 45 

Criteria For Comparison 48 

Profiles of Study Communities 49 

Haines 49 

Ketchikan 51 

Petersburg 53 

Tenakee 55 

Wrangell 57 

Comparison of Communities 59 

Indian Settlements At Sites of Modem Communities 59 

Indian Occupancy ofldentifmble Areas in the Early Towns 61 

Land Reservation or Exclusion from the T ongass National Forest 61 

Indian Possessions and Native Townsite lands 62 

Government Schools for Indians 64 

Churches and Missions Serving Indians 65 

The Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood 66 

IRA Government Organization 67 

Summary Comparisons 68 

Tlingit and Haida Central Council Community Council 69 

References Cited 70 

Chapter 6. Enrollment 79 

Overview of Procedures 79 

Proposed Enrollment to the Five Southeast Communities 80 

Reopening of the Roll 87 

Redetermination of Place of Residence 88 

Summary 90 

References 90 

v 
254 


Insert offset folio 293 here 98942A.237

CONTENTS 

vi 

Chapter 7. Financial Benefits Generated 

by Southeast Village Corporations 

Introduction 

Some Economic Benefits Were and Are the Same for 

All Shareholders-Village, Urban, and At-Large 

Land Selections of Southeast Village and Urban Corporations 

The Amount of Timberland Per Shareholder Varied Widely 

Direct Financial Benefits from Village Corporations 

Appraised Value ofTimberland 

Cash Distributions to Shareholders 

Reported Book Equity at 1992 

Direct Financial Benefits from Urban Corporations 

Sources and Uses of Financial Wealth 

Early Timber Harvests 

NOLSales 

Overall Financial Effect of Logging and NOL Sales 

Other Economic Benefits of V1llage and Urban Corporations 

Employment 

Scholarships and Charitable Giving 

Other Benefits 

Possible Extrapolation of Results 

References 

Appendix A: History of Occupation and Use 

91 

91 

93 

94 

94 

95 

96 

96 

98 

98 

100 

100 

101 

101 

103 

103 

104 

104 

104 

105 

Appendix B. list of Persons Interviewed for Study Community Histories 

Appendix C. Citation Database for Chapters 1 and 2 

Appendix D. Comments of Reviewers and Related Documents 

Appendix E. Documents Relating to Land Claims of 

Southeast Alaska Villages 

Note: Appendixes are bound separately. 
255 


Insert offset folio 294 here 98942A.238

Executive Summary: A Study of 

Five Southeast Alaska Villages 

Introduction and Background 

!nearly 1993, Congress told the Secretary of the Interiorto examine why five communities in Southeast 

Alaska-Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell-had been denied eligibility to form 

village or urban corporations underterrnsof the 1971 Alaska Native ClaimsSettlementAct (ANCSA). Three 

federal agencies-the Forest Service, the Bureau of !..and Management, and the Bureau oflndianAffairsthen contracted with the Institute of Social and Economic Research at the University of Alaska Anchorage 

to prepare a report on that question. 

This report will be presented to Congress. Congress will use it to help determine whether the five 

communities were intentionally or inadvertently denied eligibility to form village or urban corporations. 

The report presents the available evidence on the omission, and looks at how the historical circumstances 

and conditions of the study communities compare with those of the Southeast communities that were 

able to form village or urban corporations under ANCSA. Finally, it estimates some of the financial benefits 

the shareholders of Southeast village and urban corporations and the at-large shareholders of the study 

communities have received from ANCSA. 

ANCSA awarded about $1 billion and 44 million acres to Alaska's Native people and called for 

establishment of village and regional corporations to manage the money and land. In four larger 

communities, the act also allowed establishment of urban corporations instead of village corporations. 

All Native beneficiaries enrolled to a regional corporation, and most also enrolled to either a village or an 

urban corporation. 

The $1 billion in ANCSA money was divided-based on population-among the regional and the 

village and urban corporations. A little over half of the land entitlement went to village and urban 

corporations, with the regional corporations getting subsurface rights to village corporation lands. The 

balance of the land entitlements went to the regional corporations under a land-loss formula. 

Section 11 of ANCSA listed villages-in all regions except Southeast-that would be eligible to form 

village corporations, once the Depanment of the Interior had confirmed that they met the eligibility criteria. 

The villages were required (as discussed more below) to have at least 25 Native residents and to have 

populations that were mostly Native; they also could not be "modem and urban in character." An additional 

provision allowed villages that were not listed in section 11 to become eligible by proving that they met the 

criteria. finally, a special provision allowed four larger communities-Juneau, Sitka, Kenai, and Kodiakthat did not meet the requirements for Native villages to form urban corporations. 

Provisions for Southeast Communities Under ANCSA 

Native communitieS in Southeast Alaska were treated diiTerently from communities in otherregionsbecause the Tlingit and Haida Indians had received an earlier claims settlement (as discussed below). 

The first administrative settlement bill (one of the precursors to ANCSA) excluded Southeast communities altogether. But findings of the U.S. Court of Claims and the Indian Claims Commission 

sup potted arguments ofTlingit and Haida groups that not all their aboriginal rights had been extinguished 

by the earlier settlement. Subsequent settlement bills began listing Southeast villages. 
256 


Insert offset folio 295 here 98942A.239

ExEcUTIVE SUMMARY 

viii 

Ultimately, ANCSA included a separate section-Section 16-for Southeast villages. That section 

listed 10 Southeast communities that were eligible to form village corporations. But unlike earlier sections 

that dealt with villages in other regions, section 16 did not include a provision for unlisted villages. Two 

additional Southeast communities, juneau and Sitka, were included in a special provision that allowed four 

communities to form urban corporations. All the village corporations in Southeast Alaska got less land than 

corporations elsewhere, because they had benefited under the earlier Tlingit and Haida settlement. 

The Study Communities 

The study communities-Haines, Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Tenakee-are all located 

in Southeast Alaska but were not listed m Section 16. So what benefits were the Native residents of the 

study communities granted or denied under ANCSAl 

Natives from the study communities did not have the option of establishing village corporations. 

They became at-large shareholders of Sealaska, the regional corporation for Southeast Alaska. 

At-large shareholders received proportionate shares of cash distributions from the ANCSA 

settlement fund in lieu of distributions to village corporations. They also receive, as do the village 

and urban shareholders, ongoing cash distributions and other benefits from Sealaska. 

Without village corporations, the study communities did not get the 23,040 acres that each of the 

village and urban corporations in Southeast Alaska received. Those land entitlements have proved 

particularly valuable in Southeast Alaska, where there are extensive stands of commercial timber. 

The Alaska Claims Settlements 

Congress can settle abonginal claims almost any way it chooses, as long as the settlements reflect 

"Congress's unique obligation toward Indians" and do not \1olate thetr constitUJional rights. (See Cohen's 

Handbook of Federal Indian l.nw, i 982 ed., at 221; Getches and Wilkmson, Cases and Materials on Federal 

lndtan Law, 267-68, 1986 ed.) Alaska Natives have won two settlements of aboriginal claims, and the 

settlements reflect two different approaches. 

The first, the Tlingit and Haida settlement, came after Congress authorized the Tlingit and Haida 

Indians of Southeast Alaska to take their claims before the U.S. Court of Claims. The Court of Claims 

decided in 1959 that the Tlingit and Haida should receive compensation, and in 1968 valued their land 

claims at $7.5 miliion. To manage the settlement, Congress recognized a consolidated tribal body-the 

Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska. 

The second settlement was the much larger 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, under which 

Congress settled aboriginal claims of all Alaska Natives. ln that settlement, Congress itself awarded both 

land and money and mandated creation of village, urban, and reg;onal business corporations to manage 

the assets. 
257 


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EXEcl.lTIVE SUMMARY 

Participation of the Study Communities 

in the Tlingit and Haida Settlement 

Several steps led up to the Tlingitand Haidasettlemem: the 1935 Jurisdictional Act, allowing the Tlingit 

and Haida to take their claims before the U.S. Court of Claims; the subsequent establishment of the Central 

Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indians; the 1959 Court of Claims decision that the Indians were entitled 

to compensation; the 1965 amendments to the jurisdictional Act, broadening the function of the Central 

Council and the eligibility criteria for beneficiaries; and the 1968 Court of Claims award of $7 5 million 

m compensation for lost Tlingit and Haida lands. 

Who benefited under the settlement changed considerably from the early steps in the 1930s to the 

judgment in 1968. The 1935 act talked about "tribal communities," and the 1959 Court of Claims 

decision specifically listed Tlingit-Haida tribes and the modem communities associated with those tribes. 

In 1965 amendments to the jurisdictional Act, Congress broadened eligibility for benefits under the settlement so that any group of Tlingit and Haida Indians could organize, seek membership in the Central 

Council, and thereby become eligible for settlement benefits. 

Table !lists communities named 

in the l959and l968CounofCiaims 

decisions in the Tlingit and Haida 

settlement and the Southeast communities recognized under ANCSA. 

How did the study communities of 

Haines, Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, and Tenakee take part in the 

activities leading up to the settlement, 

and how did they benefit under the 

settlement? 

All of the study communities took 

pan in the early organizational 

meetings of the Central Council 

of the Tlingit and Haida Indians. 

Between 1953 and !960 Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Petersburg 

regularly participated in TlingitHaidaannualconventions. Haines 

sometimes had its own delegates 

and sometimes sent a resident as 

pan of the Klukwan delegation. 

Tenakeeappearsnottohavebeen 

active in the organization in the 

1950s. 

j Table 1. Comparison of Southeast Connnunities 

Listed in Tlingit and Haida Decision and in ANCSA 

COMMUNITIES LISTED IN 1959 COMMUNITIES LISTED 

' AND 1968 T&:H Couar DEcJSroNs* tN ANCSA 

I Total: 16 

Angoon' Angoon 

Douglas'" 

Hainesa,b 

Hoonaha 

Hydaburg' 

juneaua.b 

Kake' 

Ketchikana.,b 

Klawock' 

Klukwan" 

Petersburgb 

Saxman' 

Sitka'-' 

Skagwayh 

Wrangell'·' 

Yakutala. 

12 

Craig 

Hoonah 

Hydaburg 

juneau 

Kake 

Kasaan 

Klawock 

Klukwan 

Saxman 

Sitka 

Yakutat 

:listed m 1959decision as modem communities associated with tribal groups 

Named in 1968 decision as commuru.ties where Indians should receive compensanon for lost lands. 

ix 
258 


Insert offset folio 297 here 98942A.241

X 

In its 1959 ruling, the Coun of Claims hsted Haines, Ketchikan, and Wrangell among the modern 

commumues assoctated wtth Tlingtt and Hatda tnbes. lt did not list Tenakee or Petersburg 

The counalso reponed that a third of the modern communities it had recognized were not located 

at the same Sttes as the otiginal villages. These included the study communiues of Haines and 

Ketchikan, as well as juneau, Douglas, and Saxman. 

In a repon accompanying the 1965 amendments to the jutisdictional Act, the Senate cited "juneau. 

Douglas, Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Petersburg" as larger communities that without the amendments would have received "little or no benefit" from the expected settlement. 

In its 1968 award. the Coun of Claims listed the study communittes of Hames, Ketchtkan. 

Petersburg, and Wrangell (as well as Douglas, juneau, Sitka, and Skagway) as places where the 

Tlmgu and Haida had lost lands when townsites were created. It did not hst Tenakee 

As of 1971, four ofthe hve study commumues---Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg and Wrangei;-

as well as 13 other Southeast communities and two out-of-state chapters were recognized as 

members of the Central Counctl of the Tlingtt and Hatda Indians. 

Eligibility Criteria for ANCSA Village and Urban Corporations 

Criteria For Village Corporations Except Southeast 

Under terms of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Native communities benefued through both 

regional and village corporations (and, in a few cases, through urban corporations). Communiues that were 

judged ineligible to form village corporations were not able to select lands. The cmeria for eligible 

communities evolv~d over several years and through a number of draft settlement b!lls. 

When the claims settlement act was passed in 197!, it hsted (in Secuon !I) the villages eligible to form 

village corporations and reqUired the Secretary of the Imenor to con&rm that the hsted \1llages met the 

eligtbilirycritetia: that they had at least25 Nauve residents as of !970, that they were not modern and urban 

in character, and that a majonty of their populauons were Native. A separate provtston of the law allowed 

villages that were not hsted to become eligible by proving that they met the critena. 

lt is not dear where the requirement fora minimum of25 Native residents originated. The Federal 

Field Comrmttee for Development Planning, which compiled tribal lists before ANCSA was 

passed. conststent!y used a population of 25 as the standard measure of village existence. Also, in 

1970 the state government generally required communities to have populations of at least 25 to 

organize as municipalities, and the 1970 census identified unincorporated communities, including Native villages, with populations of from 25 to 1 ,000. 

The requirements that eligtble vtllages have mostly Nauve residents and that they not be modem 

and urban appear to have originated for several reasons. Powerful members of Congress insisted 

on present abongtnal use of claimed lands as a prerequisite for shating in any settlement .. For 

example, Wayne Aspinall, chainnan of the House Committee on Intenor and Insular Affairs, 

sponsored a settlement bill that defined Native villages as those that were not "'of a modem and 

urban character" (Heating on HR 3100. HR 7039. HR 7432. 1971). 
259 


Insert offset folio 298 here 98942A.242

Ex£cUIIVE SUMMARY 

The State of Alaska also objected to including communities not "primarily Native in character" (ld. at 

366, testimony of Governor Hickel). And the state government had an interest in limiting the number of 

communities eligible to select land because at that time it was also selecting lands under its statehood 

entitlement. Finally, up until ANCSA was passed, all the proposed settlement bills had included some form 

of Native subsistence privilege that would have allowed closure of land around villages to all except local 

Native subsistence users-and the more eligible villages there were, the more land could have been dosed 

(Sen. Rep. Doc. No 92-405 at 43-44). (That provision was not included in the final settlement bill.) 

Criteria for Urban Corporations 

Earlier proposed settlement bills had dealt in various ways with the issue of how Natives not living in 

small, rural Native VIllages could benefit from the settlement. When the final claims settlement was enacted, 

it had three options for Natives living in urban areas: they could enroll to village corporations in the 

communities they were originally from; they could enroll as at-large shareholders of their regional 

corporations, in lieu of a VIllage corporanon; and those Natives living outside the state could vote on whether 

to create a 13th regional corporation. 

Aside from those general provisions, ANCSA also included a special provision for four cornrnuninesSitka and ] uneau in Southeast Alaska and Kodtak and Kenai in Southcentral Alaska. Those specific 

communities were authorized to form urban corporations and select one township each. ANCSA described 

these urban places as communities that were "originally Native villages, but [came to be) ... composed 

primarily of non-Natives" [43 USC 1613(h)(3)). 

There appears to be no record of criteria or evaluation used to determine if these communities were 

more qualified than others. Bill Van Ness, who was at that time chief counsel forthe Senate Interior 

and Insular Affairs Committee, said in an interview for thts report that the urban corporauon 

proVlsion was never formally introduced in any bills leading up to the passage of ANCSA, and that 

no one had objected to the fourcommunities' gaming eligibility. Hank Eaton, who was at that time 

a lobbyist for Kodiak Natives, recalled in an mterview that he and other rep::esem.atives of the four 

communities lobbied congressmen in both houses. John Borbtidge, who at that ume was a lobbyist 

for the Tlingit and Haida, recalled in an inter.1ew that Alaska's Senator Ted Stevens introduced 

the provision in the final bill, and that the sense of the conference committee was that no more 

communities would be accepted for urban corporation status. 

Eligibility of Study and Other Southeast Communities 

Communities throughout Southeast Alaska were, as described above, treated differently under 

ANCSA. A separate section-Section l~f ANCSA listed 10 eligible villages in Southeast and restncted 

their land awards to one township each. Two additional Southeast communities, juneau and Sitka, were 

allowed to form urban corporations. 

How were the five study communities treated in early settlement bills, and what historical evidence 

is there about why they were not included on the list of elig;ble communities in the final claims settlement? 

xi 
260 


Insert offset folio 299 here 98942A.243

ExEcUTIVE SUMMARY 

xii 

The study communities-except for Tenakee-did appear on some earlier versions of Native 

village lists but were excluded from others. 

The study communities disappeared from the list of Southeast villages at the same time as the 

1970 census data became available and as the village eligibility criteria evolved to require tbat 

villages have at least 25 Natives, not be modem and urban in character, and have a maJority 

Native population. 

The omission of the study communities is not dearly explained in any provision of ANCSA or in 

r he accompanying conference repon. 

Eligibility Determinations for Unlisted Southeast Villages 

ANCSA included a provision that gave unlisted villages a chance to prove to the Interior Depanment 

that they in fact met the eligibility criteria for fonningvillage corporations. The Senate's version of the final 

claims settlement bill had included a similar provision for unlisted Southeast villages, but the conference 

committee did not adopt it in the bill that became law, nor did it explain why. 

Representatives of three of the study communities--Tenakee, Ketchikan, and Haines--appealed to 

the Alaska Native Claims Appeal Board to try to gain eligibility to form village corporations. The board 

denied all three appeals and said: 

Tbat ANCSA had "created an exclusive list of eligible villages in Southeast Alaska which cannot 

be added to. 

That it was "apparent that Congress did not intend that unlisted Southeast villages could be made 

eligible for benefits under the Act," and 

That Congress's failure to provide a specific provision for unlisted Southeast villages was evidence 

that Congress did not intend them to have the same opponunity to become hsted as unlisted 

villages mother regtons of the state. (In Re: Appeal of Ketchikan Indian Corporation, 2 A~ CAB 

at 171.) 

Comparison of Southeast Community Populations 

A comparison of the 1970 populations of the study communities and the Southeast communities that 

were recognized under ANCSA sheds some light on differences among and similarities berween the two 

groups of communities. 

Total populations of the study communities were comparable to those of Southeast communities 

recognized under ANCSA. 

Natives made up dose to the same percentage of the population in Ketchikan (15 percent) and 

Wrangell (19 percent) as m juneau (20 percent). Petersburg's Native population (12 percent) was 

smaller as Table 2 shows. 

Natives made up 24 percent of Haines's population,.,..,similar to the proponions in Saxman (27 

percent) and Kasaan (27 percent), but considerably below that of the other medium and small 

Southeast communities recognized under ANCSA. Natives in ANCSA communities other tban 

Saxman and Kasaan made up a majority of the population-anywhere from 82 to 94 percent. 

In Tenakee, the U.S. census recorded six Natives making up 7 percent of the population. 
261 


Insert offset folio 300 here 98942A.244

ExECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Table 2. Comparison of Native Population and Enrollments 

in ANCSA and Study Communities 

PERcENT NATIVE PoPUlATION ENROLLMENT TO PERCENT OF ENROllEES 

URBAN PLACES 1970 CENSUS CoMMUNITY LIVING IN CoMMUNITY 

Juneau 20% 2,722 67% 

Ketchikan 15% 1,862 64% 

Sitka 23% 1,863 77% 

WGE COMMUNITIES 

Petersburg !2% 428 72% 

Wrangell 19% 747 64% 

MEDIUM CoMMUNITIES 

Angoon 94% 629 62% 

Craig 56% 317 53% 

Haines 24% 321 51% 

Hoonah 71% 876 63% 

Hydaburg 88% 565 40% 

Kake 90% 558 79% 

Klawock 91% 508 46% 

SMALL COMMUNITIES 

Kasaan 27% !20 39% 

Klukwan 89% 253 14% 

Tenakee 7% 64 0% Saxman 27% 196 57% Yakutat 82% 342 70% 

Study communities 

Comparison of Enrollment Procedures 

The first step in enrolling for benefits under ANCSA was identifying a place of residence. Natives could 

identify the community where they were living at the time or a community where they or their families had 

traditionally lived. Later, the Interior Department made determinations of which villages were eligible to 

form village corporations. Natives who were enrolled to communities that were later determined to be 

ineligible became at-large shareholders of Sealaska regional corporation. 

There were rwo enrollment periods-an initial period and a later period for those who had missed the 

first. The 1976 amendments to ANCSA also included a provision that would have allowed Natives who 

had enrolled to villages that were later declared ineligible a chance to change their enrollments. But in fact . 

xiii 
262 


Insert offset folio 301 here 98942A.245

ExECUTIVE SUMMARY 

xiv 

that amendment was never implemented. Some communities outside Southeast Alaska instead won 

changes in eligibility througb the 1980 Alaska National Interest lands Conservation Act. And, as noted 

below, the Interior Department ruled that the provision did not apply to Southeast communities. 

Nearly 3,500 Natives-or 22 percent of total enrollment in the Sealaska region-enrolled to the study 

communities. Table 2 shows the number of persons who enrolled to the study communities and to the 

Southeast communities recognized under ANCSA. What evidence is there about how the enrollment 

process in the study communities compared with that in the recognized Southeast villages? And were there 

substantial differences in enrollment patterns among residents of the study communities and the 

communities listed in A.'\JCSA? 

The pohciesand procedures for enrollment were uniformly applied in the study communities and 

in the ANCSA-recognized communities, according to available documents and interviews with 

community enumerators. 

Many Natives in the study communities were unaware that their villages were not listed as eligible 

to form village corporations, according to several enumerators interviewed for this report. And in 

many cases they were unaware of the significance of villages' being listed or unlisted. 

It is not clear how much enrollment to the study communities may have been affected among those 

who were aware that the communities were unlisted. Some enumerators interviewed for th1s 

repon felt that it caused Natives to enroll elsewhere, but others felt that it had no significant effect 

on enrollment. 

Natives who enrolled to the study communities were declared ineligible to have their places of 

enrollment changed under a 1976 amendment to ANCSA. That determination came in a 1983 

opinion of the Depanment of the Interior. Attorneys for Sealaska regional corporation and for a 

resident of Haines unsuccessfully challenged that opinion. 

The proportion of enrollees to a community who actually lived m that community is another measure 

of similarities and differences among the study and the ANCSA communities. As of 1974: 

In the three large study communities and the two Southeast urban places recognized under 

ANCSA, the share of Native enrollees who resided in the communities where they enrolled was 

similar. The proportion of enrollees who lived in the communities varied from 64 to 77 percent, 

as Table 2 shows. 

Among the small and medium communities recognized under ANCSA, between 14 and 79 

percent of enrollees lived in the communities where they enrolled. The study community of Haines 

fell into that range, with 51 percent of those who enrolled to Haines also living there. 

None of those who enrolled to Tenakee lived there. 
263 


Insert offset folio 302 here 98942A.246

ExEcUTIVE SUMMARY 

Histories of Use and Occupation in Study 

and Other Communities 

We can use a number of measures to compare the histories of Native use and occupancy in the study 

communities and in the listed communities in Southeast Alaska : 

Traditional Native setdements (villages or camps) at sites of modern communities, before the 

arrival of whites 

Indian occupancy of identifiable areas in the early towns 

Indian land reservations or exclusions from the Tongass National Forest 

Indian possessions and Native townsite lands 

Federal schools for Indians 

Churches or missions serving Natives 

Participation in Native Organizations 

Traditional Native settlements at sites of modem communities 

It was common in Southeast Alaska for modem communities to be established directly on or near 

areas and sites of Native Settlements and camps. This was true of the five study communities and 

of recognized ANCSA communities. Non-Natives were drawn to these places by fish, minerals, 

or other resources. Indian settlement patterns were characterized by seasonal population dispersal 

and aggregation. 

Ketchikan and Petersburg were summer villages and fish camps before white settlers arrived, while 

Haines and Tenakee were winter villages. Wrangell was a summer village and then became the 

primary village of the Stikine kwan in 1836, after the Russians established a post there. 

Among communities recognized under AN CSA, Sitka was the site of a prtncipal village of the Sitka 

kwan before the Russiansestablishedasettlement there in the early l800s.juneau was established 

at the site of a Native fish camp. Craig was established directly across from a former village on Fish 

Egg Island. KasaanwasalargeHaidavillage;thesiteofthevillagewasmovedabout5milesin 1901, 

when the manager of a mining company offered education and job opportunities to residents. 

Indian Occupancy of Identifiable Areas in Early Towns 

One or more areas in all the study communities were considered to be Indian villages or Indian 

towns. That was also true in the ANCSA recognized communities of Juneau and Sitka and in a 

number of smaller ANCSA communities. However, in some of the smaller ANCSA communities 

like Kasaan and Craig, Native residents often lived throughout the community rather than in 

specific areas. 

XV 
264 


Insert offset folio 303 here 98942A.247

ExEcUTIVE SUMMARY 

xvi 

Land reservation or exclnsion from the Tongass National Forest 

Federal !and reservations were set aside for Natives at Haines and Ketchikan in the early 1900s. 

The Indian village at Tenakee was excluded from the Tongass National Forest under a federal land 

order in I935. 

Federal land reservations were also made in the ANCSA communities ofHydaburg, Klawock, and 

Klukwan early in the century. The ANCSA communities of Kasaan and Craig were also excluded 

from the Tongass Nanonal Forest in the I 920s and I 930s. 

School reserves for federal Indian schools were also set aside in many Southeast communities, 

including the study communities of Petersburg, Wrangell, and Haines. 

Indian Possession or Native Townsite Lands 

Haines, Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Petersburg had Indian possession lands identified when the 

townsites were first established. There is no record of Indian possession lands in the Tenakee 

townsite, smce the Indian village was outside the original townstte. 

Juneau had no Indian possession lands in the original townsite, and Sitka had Indian possessions 

totaling less than an acre-because the Indian villages in those communities were outside the 

original townsites. There is no record of Indian possessions in the original townsite of Craig. 

The Bureau of Land Management made no distinction in the administration of townsite lands 

occupied by Natives in the study communities and in ANCSA-recognized communities. 

Government Schools for Indians 

Federal Indian schools operated in Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell during the period 

between 1881 and 1948. There were also federal government schools in all 12 Southeast 

communities recognized under ANCSA. 

Tenakee had a terri tonal school, as did the ANCSA community of Craig. 

Churches and Missions Serving Indians 

The first churches to organize in all the study communities were Native churches-that is, 

churches that were either started as missions for Natives, or churches that Native themselves 

established. Such activity of Native churches was common among ANCSA recognized communities as well. 

Participation in Native Organizations 

All the study communities had local camps of the Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood 

beginning in the 1920s, as did ANCSA-recogntzed communities. 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Haines belonged to the Tiingit and Haida Central Council 

as of 1971, as didANCSA communities as welt as Metlakatla; Seattle, Washington; and Oakland, 

California. Tenakee was not active in the council in 1971. 

All the study communities except Tenakee formed IRA organizations in the 1930s and 1940s, as 

did ANCSA recogntzed communities. 
265 


Insert offset folio 304 here 98942A.248

ExECUTIVE SUMMARY 

Financial Benefits from Village and Urban Corporations 

The village corporations and the lands awarded them under ANCSA have benefited Alaska Natives in 

a number of ways-including the subsistence, cultural, and spiritual values of the land. Most obsetvers 

would agree that the corporations have also provided valuable economic and social benefits through thw 

political power and ability to nunure leadership in shareholders. But it's impossible to put a dollar figure 

on those kinds of values. 

It is possible, however, to estimate financial benefits village and urban corporations in Southeast Alaska 

have provided their shareholders. Corporations in Southeast Alaska differ from village corporations 

elsewhere in the state in two important ways. First, Southeast corporations received only one township 

(23,040 acres) each, because communities in Southeast Alaska had benefited from the earlier Tlingit and 

Haida settlement. Village corporations elsewhere received anywhere from three to six townships each. 

Second, much of the land Southeast corporations selected had valuable timber. Few other villages in Alaska 

found themselves surrounded by such an economically valuable resource. 

The estimates of financial benefits for corporation shareholders in Southeast are based on a fairly 

complete set of annual repons for five of the ten village corporations and both of the urban corporations. 

Reliable data for the other five village corporations are not available. Although our sample includes only 

half the village corporations, it covers nearly two-thirds of the village shareholders and 100 percent of the 

urban shareholders. So the data presented below represent benefits received by 82 percent of the village 

and urban corporation shareholders in Southeast. 

Since it is not our goal to compare fmancial performances of individual village corporations, we present 

the village data in composite form, as a weighted average of the five sets of village data. The result gives us 

a sense of the average financial benefits. 

The five study communities were not able to form village corporations and did not receive land grants. 

How have the financial benefits of the enrollees from the study communities--who are at-large 

shareholders of Sealaska-compared with those of village and urban shareholders? 

All shareholdenr-at -large, urban, and village-were entitled to equal per capita payments from 

the ANCSA settlement fund and are still entitled to equal resource revenue sharing payments 

required under section 7(i) of ANCSA. The difference is that at-large and urban shareholders 

collect those payments directly, while payments to village corporation shareholders go to the 

village corporations, which do not necessarily pass them directly on to shareholders. Some 

may have invested them well and earned good returns for shareholders, but some may have lost 

the money through bad investments. So even though payments are calculated on an equal per 

capita basis, the at-large and urban shareholders have received larger direct cash payments from 

these sources. 

However, cash distributions from the ANCSA fund and from resource revenue sharing have 

proved to be minor compared with the financial benefits Southeast village and urban shareholders 

have received from timber harvesting on their lands. 

On average, shareholders in the sample five village corporations had received more than $57,000 

in cash distributions as of 1992. The average per shareholder book equity-a measure of the shareholders' stake in corporate assets-of the five village corporations was more than $117,000 as of 

1992 (Table 3). 
266 


Insert offset folio 305 here 98942A.249

ExEcUTIVE SUMMARY 

Table 3. Shareholder Distributions and Book Equity of 

Five Southeast Village and Two Urban Corporations 

AVERAGE OF 5 VtUAGE CORPORA DONS AVERAGE oF Two URBAN CoRPORATIONS 

Fiscal Total (In Thousands Dollars per Total (In Thousands Dollars per 

Year of Dollars) Shareholder of Dollars) Shareholder 

f----- -·· 

1977 0 0 0 0 

1978 0 0 0 0 

1979 $7! $126 0 0 

1980 338 60! 0 0 

1981 1,453 2.580 0 0 

1982 26 46 0 0 

1983 234 416 0 0 

1984 50! 889 0 0 

!984A(l) 536 952 0 0 

1985 840 1,492 0 0 

1986 781 1,387 0 0 

1987 3.492 6,200 $3,554 $1,554 

1988 5,081 9,021 409 179 

1989 5,655 10.040 780 341 

1990 5,015 8,904 728 318 

1991 3,643 6,469 1,243 543 

1992(2) 4,713 8,368 4,219 1.845 

Total Distributions $32,379 $57,491 $10,933 $4,780 

Reponed Per Shareholder Book Equny, 1992 

(]ndudes some AN~SA Land assets) $117,073 $3!,83 

1 Several corporations adjusted the stan of their fiscal year during the 1980s. As a result, there are m some cases more dat 

pomts than calendar years. 1 Distribution Data for 1992 are mcomplete. Average is computed f:-om only 3 corporations 

Source. Corporauon Armual Reports 

xviii 
267 


Insert offset folio 306 here 98942A.250

ExECUTIVE SUMMARY 

On average, shareholders in the two Southeast urban corporations had received about $4,800 in 

cash distributions through 1992-far less than the village corporation shareholders. Urban shareholders have received less because (as Table 3 shows) their total distributions have been smaller, 

and they have many more shareholders-so the distribution per shareholder is much smaller. 

Pan of the reason for the smaller distributions by the urban corporations is that their land 

conveyances and therefore logging were delayed a number of years. The average per shareholder 

book equity in the urban corporations was about $32,000 as of 1992--again, much less than the 

equity of village corporation shareholders. 

The five village and two urban corporations also earned $4 30 million between 1986 and 1988 

by selling theirnet operating losses. A provision of the 1986 Tax Reform Act gave Alaska Native 

corporations the ability to sell their operating losses to more profitable businesses looking for 

tax write-offs. The Southeast corporations were able to measure those losses as the difference 

between the value of a log at the time the land was conveyed to the corporation and the value of 

the log at the time it was either cut, sold, or written off as having no value. As of 1992, much of 

the cash generated by sales oflosses remained locked up in escrow accounts, pending IRS audits 

of the transactions. 

Ovetall, the Southeast village and urban corporations have been the most financially fonunate 

groups of all ANCSA corporations, as measured by financial returns per shareholder to date. There 

are two main reasons for their good fonune. The first is that their ANCSi\.lands included valuable 

timber, and the second is that they were able to make substantial profits from the sale of net 

operating losses--which were not actual cash losses but were based on the decline in the value 

of timber. 

Past financial performance, however, does not predict future fonunes of these or any other 

corporanons. First, Congress ended sales of net operating losses in 1988, so those will not be a 

future source ofincome. Second, much of the commercial timber on village corporation lands has 

already been harvested. Those corporations with commercial timber will still have to deal with 

volatile world market prices for timber. 

This sumtnal)' has briefly reviewed our findings about the historical circumstances of the study 

communities and the available record about how they came to be omitted from the ANCSA list of eligible 

Southeast communities. We now tum to our detailed discussions. 

xix 
268 


Insert offset folio 307 here 98942A.251

Chapter 1. Congress and Alaska 

land Claims Settlements 

BY BARf K. GARBER 

This chapter looks broadly at Congress's authority to settle aboriginal land claims and at the settlement 

techniques it used in the Tlingit and Haida settlement' and in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

(ANCSA). These descriptions provide a broad context for the more detailed discussions, in Chapter 2, of 

the legislative and administrative development of criteria to determine eligibility for villages under ANCSA 

and specifically of how the eligibility criteria were applied to the five study communities of Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and WrangelL 

Review of ANCSA's legislative history reveals that the five study communities were dropped from 

the list of eligible villages in section 16 of ANCSA by Congress and not by the Secretary of the Interior 

[ ( 4 3 USC, 1615 (a)). Therefore, unless thelnterior Department misinterpreted the eligibility process or 

misapplied the criteria, then the application of the ANCSA eligibility criteria may not be all that 

enlightening, unless Congress reconsiders its earlier decision about which Southeast villages to include. 

(See In Re: Village of Tenakee, VE # 74-60, 2 ANCAB 173, September 9, 1974; and In Re: Appeal of 

Ketchikan Indian Corporation, AN CAB# l5 77-33, 2 AN CAB 169, December 5, 1977.) Of particular 

interest is whether the exclusion of the five study communities was intentional or inadvertent (HR 

Rep. No. 102-256, l02nd Congress, 1st Session, 42-43, 1991). 

Congressional Discretion in Settling Aboriginal Claims 

Congress enjoys nearly unfettered discretion in fashioning aboriginal claims settlements. (See 

Cohen's Handbook ofFederallndian Law, 3-7, 12-13, 1982 ed.) Nonetheless, some minimal standards 

apply. First of all, Congress and the executive branch can only deal in the area oflndian affairs (including 

the settlement of aboriginal claims) where the subject community is "distinctly Indian:" 

Of comse, it is not meant by this that Congress may bring a conununity or body of people within the range 

of this power by arbitrarily calling them an Indian tribe, but only that in respe<:t of distinctly Indian 

communities the question< whether, to what extent, and for what time they shall be recognized and dealt 

with as dependent ttibes requiring the guardianship and protection of the Unites States are to be determined 

by Congress, and not by the Courts (United Staten. Sandoval, 231 U.S. 28, 1913). 

Beyond this rudimentary standard of judicial review, the form and content of aboriginal claims 

settlements historically have been determined by the political and moral condition of the United States at 

a giVen time and, in some instances, by the legal status of a particular tribe's claims (Cohen at 4 7-50). 

Settlements with Indian tribes in the early years of the nation were tempered by the federal 

government's desire to sustain the peaceful settlement of the frontier (Cohen at 62-78). More recently, 

tribes have had to prove that they hold something more than bare aboriginal claims in order to 

successfully sue for compensation. For example, in Tee Hit Ton Band of Indians v. United States, (348 

U.S. 272, 279; 1955), the court found that unrecognized, bare aboriginal claims to land are not 

1 The term "Tiingit and Haida Settlement" refers to a group of federal laws, amendments, and court of claims 

judgements that resulted in the payment of over 7.5 million dollan; by the United States to the Tlingit and Haida 

Indians of Southeast Alaska for priortakings of Alaska Native dan land and related rights. Act of June 19, 1935, 49 

Stat. 388, CH. 275;ActofAugust 19,1965, 79Stat. 543; ActofJuly9, 1968,82 Stat. 307;ActofJuly 13, 1970, Pub. 

L. No. 91-335, 84 Stal. 431 (codified at 25 U.S. C.§ 1211); Tiingit and Haida Indtansof Alaska v. United States, 147 

Ct. 0. 315, 177 F. Supp. 452 (1959); Tiingit and Haida Indians oj Alaska and Harry Douglas, et al v. United States, 182 

Ct. Cl. 130, 389 F.2d 778 (1968). 
269 


Insert offset folio 308 here 98942A.252

2 

CONGRESS AND ALASI<A LAND CLAIMS SEITLEME!'<'TS 

considered permanent property rights protected by the United States Constitution. Without a legally 

enforceable right, Indian tribes in Alaska had to rely on moral and political persuasion to settle their 

aboriginal claims wlth the United States. (See, for example, R. Amold,AlaskaNative Land Claims, 117-

144, 1978.) 

For the most part, the Tlingit and Haida settlement and A01CSA are examples of voluntary 

settlements of otherwlse unenforceable aboriginal claims. Congress simply failed to recognize Alaska 

Native tribal and community aboriginal rights of occupancy in all but a few instances.2 Without 

constitutionally protected permanent property rights, Alaska Natives had to rely on jurisdictional 

statutes that waived the immuniry of the United States and authorized payment for various aboriginal 

claims. Without a statutory right to sue, tribes relied on legislative settlements. Congress authorized 

the Tlingit and Haida to seek a settlement of their aboriginal claims in the Court of Claims: 3 

The Court of Claims would examine "Ialli claims of whatever nature, legal or equitable, which the said 

Tlmgit and Haida Indians of Alaska may have, or clarrn to have, agamstthe United States, for lands or other 

tribal or commumty property rights, taken from them by the United States ... (Act o[june 19, 1935, 49 Stat. 

388, CH. 275 § 2). 

Congress and, ultimately, the Alaska Natives, elected a political settlement of the Native claims that 

were outstanding as of 1971: 

TI1e extent to which the N<Uives in Alaska could prove their claims of aboriginal title is not kno'ND. ... The 

pending bill does not purport to detennme the number of acres to wh1ch the Natives might be able to prove 

an aboriginal title. If the test developed in the courts with respect to Indian Tribes were applied in Alaska, 

the probability is that the acreage could be large-but how large no one imows. A settlement on this basis, 

by means of litigation lf a judicial forum were to be provided, would take many years, would involve great 

administrative expense, and would involve a Federal liability of an undeterminable amount. 

It is the consensus of the Executive Branch. the Natives, and the Committee ... that a legiSlative rather than 

a judicial settlement is the only practical course to follow ... (H.R Rep. No. 523, 92d Cong., lst Sess., 

reprinted in 1971 U.S. Code Cong. &Admin. News 2194). 

Congressional settlements of Indian claims wlll wlthstand judicial review so long as the legislation is 

"tied rationally to the fulfillment of Congress' unique obligation toward Indians" and so long as Congress 

conforms it< legislative activity to the requirements of the Bill of Rights, including the due process clause 

of the Fifth Amendment (Cohen at 221; D. Getches & C. Wilkinson, Cases and Materials on Federal Indian 

Law, 267-268, 1986 ed). Congress met this test wlth respect to ANCSA (Paul v. Andrus, 639 F. 2d. 507, 

D.C. Cir. l980).ln any case, no one successfully challenged the constitutionaliry of & 'ICSA wlthin the one 

year limitation period set out by the act (Paul v. United States, 687 F 2d. 231, Ct. CL, 1982, cert. denied, 

461 U.S. 927). 

2Congress declared two statutory reservations (Metlakatla in 1891 and Klukwan in 1957) and authorized six 

reservations created by the Secretary of the lnterior pursuant to the Indian Reorganization Act. (See Federal Field 

Committee for Development Planning m Alaska, Alaska Natives and The Land 444, 1968.) 3SomeAlaska Nanve villages and tnbalgroups, including the Tlingitand Haida, had filed claims pursuant to the 

Indian Claims Commission Act of 1946 and other federal statutes (Federal Field Committee at 445-446). 
270 


Insert offset folio 309 here 98942A.253

CONGRESS AND AlASKA lAND CLAIMS 5ETILEMENTS 

Neverrheless, Congress now wants to determine whether it "inadverrently denied village or urban 

corporation status" to the five study communities under ANCSA.4 To aid Congress in making its 

determination, below we compare the treatment of the study communities under two different settlement 

acts--the Tiingit and Haidasettlement and AN CSA. The central underlying question is whether some study 

communities were nominally included in the Tbngit and Haida settlement but excluded under ANCSA, 

and, if so, do any changes in the situation of these communities or in the applied eligibility criteria help 

explain the denial of status under ANCSA? 

The Tlingit And Haida Setdement 

The Tiingit and Haida settlement and ANCSA reflect two approaches the United States can use to settle 

aboriginal claims. Despite its unique reliance on the corporation as a settlement mechanism and fee simple 

land conveyances, ANCSA achieved objectives fundamental to every settlement: Tribal land claims were 

extinguished in exchange for money and conveyances of smaller parcels of land. (See H.R Rep. No. 92-

523 at 2193-2194; 43 U.S. C.§§ 1603, 1605, 1611, 1613). Congress obtained earlier cessions of Indian 

lands by providing payments of cash, goods, services, and guarantees of federal protection for Indians 

remaining on the remnants of their ancestral lands or removed to other lands reserved fortheir use (Cohen 

at 62,66-70, 121-125). In some situations, the United States merely paid tribes ortheir members for the 

lands taken from them (!d. at 70, 170-175). 

By comparison, the Tlingit and Haida settlement was a cash settlement authorized by a 

jurisdictional act and quantified through litigation (Act of June 19, 1935, 49 Stat. 388). Land that 

Congress had taken to create the Metlakatla Indian Reservation, the Tongass National Forest, and the 

Glacier Bay National Monument was not returned to the village-based clans mingit and Haida Indians 

of Alaska v. United States, 147 Ct. CL 315, 177 F. Supp. 452, 1959). Instead, the Court of Claim_' 

determined that the clans' claims were worth over 7.5 million dollars (Tlingit and Haida Indians of 

Alaska and Harry Douglas, et al. v. United States, 182 Ct. Cl. 130, 389 F.2d 778, 1968). Congress 

appropriated funds for the settlement and recognized a new tribal consortium, called the Tlingit and 

Haida Tribes of Alaska, which would manage the settlement funds on behalf of its members5 (Act of 

August 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 543; Act o[July9, 1968,82 Stat. 307; Act of July 13, 1970, Pub. L No. 91-

335,84 Stat. 431, codified at 25 U.S. C.§ 121 l). 

Congress frequently distinguishes between tribal groups which possess claims and others which it 

authorizes to manage settlement assets when structuring a settlement of Native claims. Cohen illustrates 

Congress's authority in this regard with the example of two tribes, A and B, that combine to form tribe C 

and share a common reservation and common funds (Cohen at 12-13). Congress can extinguish tribe A 

and tribe B's claims to their historical homelands in exchange for a reservation or funds that they hold 

and manage jointly as tribe C. (See, for example, Washington v. FishingVesselAssociation, 443 U.S. 658, 

664 n.5, 1979; and Oliphant v. Suquamish Indian Tribe, 435 U.S. 191, 192, 1978. In those cases, 

"loosely related" groups of villages were combined and recognized as tribes by the United States.) 

4

This mandate and the expiration of the limitation period preclude any review of the propriety of the eligibility 

criteria themselves. 

5

Members had to reside in the United States or Canada and must have resided in Alaska priorto the jurisdictionai 

Act of 1935 or been a descendant of such a person. 

3 
271 


Insert offset folio 310 here 98942A.254

4 

CoNGRESS AND ALASKA lAND CLAIMS 5E1TIEMENTS 

Congress can later recognize tribe A orB again for the purpose of adjudicating unresolved claims, even 

though the two have alreadyconsoliclatedas tribe C. (See Act of june 28, 1898, ch. 517, § 25.30 Stat. 504, 

construed in Delaware indians v. Cherokee Nation, 193 US 127, 1904;and Act of Feb. 25, 1889, ch. 238, 

25 Stat. 694, construed in United States v. Old Settlers, 148 U.S. 427, 1893.) 

Cohen's hypothetical example of tribes A, B, and C closely resembles the treatment experienced 

by the Tllngit and Haida tribes of Southeast Alaska in the Tlingit and Haida settlement and inANCSA. 

The Court of Claims identified the clans (Cohen's tribes A and B) as the principal land claiming user 

groups among the Tlingit and Haida (Tiingit and Haida Indians of Alaska v. United States, 147 Ct. CL 

at 361-366). These clans were located in a number of Native communities, or "tribes .. .in the 

geographical sense," which the Indians called "kons" or "kwaans" 6 (!d. at 361-362). The Court of 

Claims listed fourteen tribes located in 31 villages with at least two or more clans making up each 

village (Id. at 363-364). 

Congress was much less clear, however, in designating the beneficiaries of the Tlingit and Haida 

settlement. The jurisdictional statute describes the beneficiaries of the Tiingit and Haida settlement, 

alternatively, as members of"any local community of these tribes," "each tribal community," "a Tlingit 

and Haida central council," aml "such Indian communities" (Act of June 19, 1935, 49 Stat. 388, § 8). 

Congress ultimately resolved this confusion without specifically defining tribal or Indian communities, by amending the 1935 jurisdictional act to provide for a collective settlement managed by a 

consolidated tribal body-the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska (Act of 

August 19, 1965, 79 Stat. 543). 

The central council's constitution identifies the council as the "general and supreme legislature and 

governing body of the Tribes" (Constitution of the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes 

of Alaska, Article I). Presumedly, these tribes are the ones identified by the Court of Claims Cning~t 

and Haida Indians of Alaska v. United Stales, 147 Ct. Cl. at 361-366). However, the central council also 

Identifies communities that, in tum. elect delegates to the council, prescribe and rule on the qualifications 

and status of delegates, and determine membership (Central Council Constitution, Article VI, Section !.h). 

The list of member communities has fluctuated overtime. All five study communities, including Tenakee, 

have been active members in the past. (See Chapter 3.) ln 197!, 19 communities were listed as 

member communities. 7 More recently, the number of member communities has expanded to 21 with 

the addition of Anchorage and Pelican (Case at 379 n. 70). 

The story of Tlingit and Haida claims settlements might have ended with the Court of Claims 

judgment, except that the Tlingit and Haida settlement did not extinguish all aboriginal claims in 

Southeast Alaska. The Court of Claims noted that more than 2.6 million acres of land in Southeast 

Alaska had not been taken or extinguished by the federal government (Tiingit and Haida Indians of 

Alaska and Harry Douglas, et aL v. United States, 182 Ct. Cl. at 134-135). Furthermore, in 1969, the 

Indian Claims Commission concluded that the Tlingit and Haida had preserved claims to fishing 

rights by timely filing a petition under the Indian Claims Commission Act (Act of August 13, 1946, 

ch. 959, 60 Stat. 1049, codified as amended at 25 USC§§ 70 to 70v-3; Tlingitand Haida Indians of 

6See Shinkwin, Chapter Eight, "Traditional Alaska Native Societies," in Case at 335-337. 7Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Wrangeli,Angoon, Craig, Hoonah, Hydaburg,Juneau, Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, 

Klukwan, Metlakatla, Saxman, Sitka, Yakutat, Seattle, and Oakland. See Smythe, Chapter 3 of this report 
272 


Insert offset folio 311 here 98942A.255

CoNGRESs AND ALASKA lANo CLAIMS SETTI.EMENTs 

Alaska v. United States, 20 Ind. CL Comm. 508, May 14, 1969). These claims laid the foundation for 

Tlingit and Haida participation in ANCSA. 

Alaska Native Land Claims Setdement 

Congress extinguished the remaining claims8 of the Tlingit and Haida clans (Cohen's tribes A and 

B), and required a new group of Native organizations to manage the ANCSA assets-in this case, 

regional, village, and urban corporations rather than the Tlingit and Haida Central Council (Cohen's 

tribe C) [(43 US. C.§§ 1607, 1613 (h)(3), 1615)] 

As with the Tiingit and Haida settlement, Congress drew only rough correlations between the tribes 

purporting to possess aboriginal claims and those organizations which it required to manage AN CSAassets. 

Congress mandated the creation of new managing organizations for claims settlement assets. "Village 

corporations" organized under state law were to "hold, invest, manage and/or distribute lands, property, 

funds, and other rights and assets for and on behalf of. .. Native viUage[s] ," which in tum were defined as any 

"tribe, band, clan, group, village, community, or association in Alaska ... composed of twenty-five or more 

Natives" 1(43 U.S. C. §§ 1602 G) and (c)]. "Group corporations" did the same for "Native groups," which 

were nothing more than Native villages with fewer than 25 Natives, "who comprise a majority of the 

residents of the locality" I ( 4 3 U.S. C. §§ 1602 (n) and (d)]. "Urban corporations" did the same for "members 

of an urban community of Natives" [ ( 4 3 U.S. C. § 1602 (o) I. By comparison, Congress allowed one regional 

tribal organization to manage the Tlingit and Haida cash settlement on behalf of all the Tlingit and Hmda 

tribes and communities. 

Native individual and community eligibility under the Tlingit and Haida settlement did not 

automatically lead to eligibility under ANCSA. Individual Native eligibility under ANCSA was tied to a 

quarter blood quantum requirement or, in the absence of proof of a minimum blood quantum, acceptance 

by any Native village or group f ( 4 3 U .S.C. § 1602 (b)]. Tlingit and Haida Natives were enrolled on the basis 

of descent, without regard to blood quantum f(Actofjune 19,1935,49 Stat. 388,ch. 275 § 7;ActofAugust 

19, 1965, 79 Stat. 5'13; Central Council Constitution, Article II and Rules of Election, Rule 21 (b)]. The 

central council designated Tiingit and Haida communities without regard to any particular criteria beyond 

the residency of some Tiingit and Haida individuals and in no way limited its selection to Native 

communities. (See supra, note 7 and text at note). 

The ANCSA criteria for Native communities (that is, villages and groups) are more objective or defined 

than the standards applied by the Central CounciL However, Congress's designation of eligible urban 

Native communities may not have been objective or defined, except by specific identification (Interview 

August 26, 1993, with William Van Ness, former chief counsel, Senate Interior and Insular Affairs 

Committee, 1966-77). In the end, the Tlingit and Haida settlement clearly influenced theANCSA legislative 

process, but could not guarantee Southeast village success in later ANCSA community eligibility decisions 

(In Re: Village of Tenakee, VE # 74-60, 2 ANCAB 173, Sept. 9, 1974; In Re: Appeal of Ketchikan Indian 

Corp., ANCAB# LS 77-33,2 ANCAB 169, December 5, 1977). 

8

71ingit and Haida Indians of Alaska v. United States, 28 Ind. CL Co nun. 169 Qune 7. I 972) dismissing Southeast 

fishing claims due to their extinguishment as a matter of law under Section 4 of ANCSA 

5 
273 


Insert offset folio 312 here 98942A.256

6 

CONGRESS AND ALASKA LAND CLAIMS SETTLEMENTS 

The Tlingit and Haida settlement andANCSA demonstrate how much Congress can vaty in settling 

aboriginal claims. Congress enjoys such broad discretion in this respect that any timely challenge of the 

settlements would likely have fai!ed 9 

The analysis now shifts, in Chapter 2, to the leg;slative and administrative development of criteria used 

to determine the status of villages and urban places under ANCSA 

-------------------

9The most egregious "settlements" have been found valid and constitutional even where Congress severed the 

relationship between a tribe and the United State-.s and transferred management authority over the tnbe's assets to 

a corporation organized understate law [Menominee TerminationActof]une 17, 1954, ch. 303, § 9, 68Stat. 250, 

252 (repealed 1973), construed in, Menominee Tribev. United States, 607 E2d 1335, 1340-44 (Ct. CL 1979), cert 

denied, 445 US. 950 (1980)]. 
274 


Insert offset folio 313 here 98942A.257

Chapter 2. Review of ANCSA Eligibility Criteria 

BY BARr K. GARBER 

This chapter reviews the evolution and application of criteria for Native communities to be judged 

eligible to establish village or urban corporations under ANCSA. In particular, it looks at how those criteria 

were applied to the five study communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell. 

Benefits under ANCSA "accrue to Natives not through clans, families, or other traditional groupings, 

but, instead, through the modem form of business organization called a corporation" (R. Arnold, Alaska 

Native Oaims 146, 1978). If a Native community quallfied as an eligible Native village, Native group, or 

urban community of Natives, the Natives residing in the Native community could incorporate and receive 

various benefits under ANCSAas a "village corporation," a "group corporation," or an "urban corporation" 

[43 U.S.C. §§ 1601 G), (n), (o)]. 1 The five study communities were not included on the list of eligible 

Southeast villages or urban Native communities, nor were they given the opportunity to prove their 

qualifications for either status. The omission of the five communities was not dearly explained in any 

provision of ANCSA or in the accompanying conference repon. Review of the legislative history of the act 

as it relates to the development of the concepts of and the criteria for Native villages and urban communities 

concepts and criteria may help explain the exclusion of the study communities2 

Historical Development of the Term "Native Village" 

Native Groups Under Early Settlement Bills 

Congress ultimately used the definition and criteria for a "Native village· as the baseline for determining 

community eligibility and entitlements under ANCSA. The act defined "Native village" as: 

IA]ny tribe, band, clan, group, village, community, or association in Alaska listed in sections 16!0 and 1615 

of tlus title, or which meets the requirements of !his chapter, and which the Secretary determines was, on !he 

1970 census enumeration date (as shovm by the census or other evidence satisfactory to the Se<.tttary, who 

shall make llndingsoffactineachinstance), composedoftwenty-fiveormoreNatives 143 \J.S.C. § 1602 (c)]. 

Native communities with fewer than twenty-five Natives were called Native groups and could organize 

group corporations if they constituted a majority of the people in panicular locallties ( 4 3 U.S. C. § 1602 

(d), construed inOtugachAlashaCorp. v. Lujan, 915 F. 2d 454, 9th Cir. 1990). "Natives in fourtowns that 

originally were Native villages, but [came to be] ... composed predominandy of non-Natives" were 

authorized to organize urban corporations [4 3 U.S.C. § 1613 (h)(3);jointStatement of the Committee 

of Conference, Conf. Rep. No. 746, 92d Cong., 1st Sess. Report, reprinted in 1971 U.S. Code Cong. 

Admin_ News, 2248 (hereafterreferred to as Conference Report)] Native villages that met the population 

1

The act also divided the state into twelve regions roughly representing the geographic areas of operations of !he 

existing regional Native associations ( 43 U.S.C. § 1606). Each regional Native association appointed incorporators 

who organized twelve regional corporations to manage part of the settlement assets on hehalf of individual Native 

shareholders enrolled to their region 143 U.S. C. §§ 1606 (d) (h)]. Natives residing outside the state eventually 

organized a thirteenth regional corporation 143 U.S. C.§ 1606 (c)]. 

2

Thestudy communities were only denied eligibtlityto form village corporations. Natives from those villages still 

benefited from ANCSA through Sealaska regional corporation. 
275 


Insert offset folio 314 here 98942A.258

8 

REviEW OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

requirements and were not modern and urban in character could organize as village corporations [4 3 

U.S.C. § 1607, 16JO(b); see generally, Village ofUyak v. Andrns, 580 F.2d 601 (9th Cir. 1978), cert. 

denied, 439 U.S. 1052]3 

Congress originally used the term "Native group," not Native village, in describing Native communities 

eligible for benefits under proposed settlement acts. ANCSA still includes one reference to this older use 

of the term "Native group" in the declaration of policy: "There is an immediate need for a fair and just 

settlement of all claims by Natives and Native groups4 of Alaska, based upon aboriginal land claims" 

[(43 U.S.C. § 160!(a); emphasis added)]. The substance of the declaration of policy came from the 

Senate amendment, S. 35 (Conference Report at 2253). S. 35 defined a "native group" as "any tribe, 

band, clan, village, community or village association of Natives in Alaska" (S. Rep. Doc. No. 405, 92d 

Cong., 1st Sess. 3, 1971; hereafter referred to asS. Rep. Doc. No. 405). 

Senator Groening of Alaska introduced one of the first Native claims bills on February 1, 1968. That 

bill authorized Alaska "native groups" to incorporate under state or federal law, select lands, and receive 

royalties derived from Outer Continental Shelf development as compensation for their claims, based on 

aboriginal use and occupancy of Alaska lands. [See Alaska Native Land daims: Hearings onS. 2906,5. 1964, 

S. 2690, and 5. 2020 Before the Comm. on Inlerior and Insular Affairs, 90th Con g., 2d5ess. 2, 4 (1968); hereafter 

referred to as Alaska Native Land daims: Hearings on 5. 2906"}. 5 S. 2906 defined a "native group" as: 

any tribe, band, village, community,association, ororheridentiftable group of Indians, Aleuts, or Eskimos 

of Alaska, resident in Alaska, mcludmg tdentifiable groups of residents of a locality which, as such a group, 

claims Jndian title to land in Alaska by vinue of aboriginal use and occupancy at any time (Alaska Native 

Land Claims: Hearings on 5. 2906 at 16)6 

S. 2906 borrowed elements of its definition for "native group" from S. 1964, the first bill prepared 

forthe first session of the 90th Congress by the Secretary of the Interior. That bill provided jurisdiction 

in the Court of Claims to compensate Alaska Natives for losses of aboriginal or "Indian title" lands 

(Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Alaska, Comparative Analysis of Land daim 

Proposals Submitted 1o the 90th Congress 6-8, 1968; see also, Alaska Native Land daims: Hearings on S. 2906 

at 96, statement ofBarry W.jackson). Congress had done the same for southern Indian tribes in the Indian 

~--~---·---------------------

3 All eligible Nauve villages organized as village corporations under this section regardless of their panicular 

entitlement. Villages listed or found eligible pursl.UUlt to 43 U.S. C.§ 1610(b) received between 3 and 7 townships 

of surface estate depending on their populations; Southeast villages listed at § 161 S received one township of land 

each; Villages located on former reserves could elect to receive the surface and subsurface of therr fonner reservation 

lands as their village corporation entitlement, with the additional condition that their shareholders would not receive 

regwnal corporation stock ]43 \.:.S.C.§ 1618 (b)]. 

4The use of the term in this context does not referto the definition set out in ANCSA [ cf.,43 U.S.C. § 1602(d)]. 

5

Settlemenl bills introduced before S. 2906 all drew more or less on the Tlingit &: Haidasettlement model, which 

used the United States Court of Claims to adjudicate Native claims. Some of these bills also proposed modest land 

conveyances. The Department of the lntertorintroduced the first bill, S. 1964, on june 15, 1967. Senator Bartlett 

introduced a similar bill, S. 2690. 

6s. 2906 expanded the use of the term even further: "The term 'group' or 'native group'may, when appropriate, 

include not only 'native group' but also 'regional native association,· 'regional native corporation' and the statewide 

native corporation"ISec. 516(e)]. 
276 


Insert offset folio 315 here 98942A.259

R.EvlEW OF ANCSA EuGIBIUIY CRITERIA 

daims Commission Act (25 U.S.C. §§ 70 to 70v-2, 1983). The Indian Claims Commission provided 

groups not genernlly regarded as Indian tribes an opportunity to assert their claims against the fedetal 

government. The act allowed the commission to hear claims "on behalf of any Indian tribe, band, or other 

identifiable group of American Indians residing within the territorial limits of the United States of Alaska" (25 

U.S.C. § 70a; emphasis added). The commission later clarified its position noting that so long as a 

"group can he identified and it has a common claim, it is ... an 'identifiable group of American Indians'" 

(Loyal Creek Band or Group of Creek Indians, l Indian Cl. Comm'n 122, 129, 1949). 

Not surprisingly, the definition of"native group" first used inS. 2906 contains the same three elements 

required by the claims commission for asserting an Indian claim against the federal government: 

Claims Commission Act Criteria 

an identifiable group of Native Americans 

residing within the territorial limits of the United States 

possessing a common claim 

S. 2906 Criteria 

identifiable group of Indians, Aleuts, or Eskimos of Alaska 

residing in a locality in Alaska 

which, as such a group, claims Indian title to land in Alaska by virtue of aboriginal use and 

occupancy at any time 

The definition inS. 2906 referred to tribes, hands, villages, communities, and associations as examples 

of the ktrids of identifiable Native groups that could pursue common claims under the proposed law. In 

this respect. S. 2906 foreshadowed much of what was to come in ANCSA and in the bills that led to it: S. 

2906 identified village-based groups as the principal claimants and beneficiaries of a Native claims 

settlement package made up ofland and money for lands lost, managed by corporations organized under 

sratelaw.7Thebillalsoraisedavarietyofissuesthateventuallyledtothedevelopmentofthemorerestrictive 

Native village criteria and, by default, the criteria for Native groups and urban communities under the 

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971. 

This analysis of the Native village definition and criteria could move forward to ANCSA from S. 2906 

and the report of the Alaska Task Force, which wrote that bill.8 However. examining the history of federal 

Indian policy in Alaska also provides useful information. The federal government had developed an 

administrative policy to deal with Alaska Natives--a policy that would later contribute to the administrative 

settlement drafts and those that borrowed from them. 

oms. mtcmomo ~.1964, S. 2690, andS. 2020 (both referring to "ckurnants") used the claims commission 

model for an identifiable group of Native Americans but did not specifically designate or define the term "native 

group" (Alaska Native Land Claims: Hearings on 5. 2906 at 16-23). 

'Proposal for Settlement of the Alaska Native Land Ciaims,A Report of the Governor's Task Force on Native Land Claims, 

juneau, january 10-16, 1968 in Alaska Native Land Claims: HearingsonS. 2906 at 74-78. 

9 
277 


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REvtEW oF ANCSA EucmtuTY CruTEIUA 

10 

Federal Indian Policy and Alaska Native Villages 

From 1936 to the early 1960s, the official policy of the federal government in Alaska centered on 

the revival of Native social, economic, and political life at the community level, pursuant to the Indian 

Reorganization Act (IRA), as amended (Act of May l, 1936, 49 Stal. 1250, codified at 25 U.S.C. § 4 73a, 

1983; see D. Case, Alaska Natives and American Laws, 10, 1984). The Alaska IRA amendment reads 

as follows: 

Sections 461,465,467,468,475,477 and 479 of this title shall after May 1, 1936 apply to the Territory 

of Alaska: Provided, thatgroupsoflndiansinAlaska not recogniZed pnorto May 1, 1936,asbandsortribes, 

but having a common l:xmd of occupation, or association, or residence within a well~defined neighborhood, community, or rural district, may organize to adopt constiruuonsand bylaws and to receive charters 

of incorporatwn and Federal loans under sections 470,476, and 477 of this title. 

Not surprisingly, IRA "communities" turned out to be predominantly Native villages. The Task 

Force on Alaska Native Affairs found: 

Of the 69 associations established in Alaska pursuant to the 1936 Act, 57 included the following provision 

in their constitutions: 

'To control the use by members or non-members of any reserve set aside by the Federal Government for 

~, and to keep order in the reserve.' 

Considering the employment of the word "vxHage" in the above provision, it is evident that both the natives 

and the Bureau of Indian Affairs felt that there would be a coincidence of membership between these 

associations and the communities from which their members were dm:wn and that offidals of the 

assoctation would serve as governing bodies for the villages (Report to the Se<..'Tetary of the Interior by the 

Task Force on Alaska Native Alfairs 83-84, December 28, 1962). 

Native villages were considered the core community among Alaska Natives, and the federal 

government acknowledged this fuct in the IRA amendment The Native members of the community only 

had to share a conunon bond of occupation, or association, orresidencewithin a well-defined community. 

Native villages did not require any minimum population or character for a community to organize under 

the IRA. Of the five study communities, all except Tenakee organized IRAs in the 1930s and 1940s. 

By the early 1960s, federal promotion of the IRA in Alaska began to wane. The Department of the 

Interior was promoting a transfer oflocal government authority from federally chartered local governments 

to municipal governments organized under state law. The Task Force on Native Affairs reported on 

"problem areas" in village organizationg 

L The need for establishing village g,ovemments consjstent with tbe system of municjpal organization 

found throughout the State 

Comment: Native villages vary in size and quality for incorporation as cities of different classes. A majority, 

however, at least fulfill the criteria for fourth class cities. The Task Force suggests that the Juneau Office 

discuss with those communities which already have l.RA constitunons the pros and cons of dissolving 

their village associations and incorporating under State law. At the same time:, it should work wnh non~ 

-- ·----·~- --·----------·--·------ 9The second recommendation pointed out "2, The de..•mabJlity of providing for State-licensed business organizations in the nauve communities as an alternative to the grantmg of federal charters." Report to the Secretary of the 

Intenor !ry (he Task Force on Alaska Native Affairs at 87. 
278 


Insert offset folio 317 here 98942A.261

REviEw OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

I.RA. villages to encourage them to organize in similar fashion (Report to the Secretary of the Interior by 

the Task force on Alaska Native Affairs at 86). 

Earlier in its repon, the Task Force on Alaska Native Affairs noted that "since 1957, Alaska state has 

provided for the incorporation of villages containing more than 25 adult inhabitants ... denominating 

such communities 'fourth class cities' "(Id.at 86). The BIA area director at the time instructed the staff 

to help Native communities organize under state law-which required a minimum population of 25 

in a community-ratherthan underthe IRA, according to john Hope, who was with Tribal Operations, 

] uneauArea Office, Bureau oflndian Affairs, 194 7-5 5 and 1963-SO(T elephone interviews with John Hope, 

August 17 and November 1, 1993). At about the same time, baseline studies were being done that would 

later be used as source documents for settlement act proposals. !See, for example, Federal Field Committee 

for Development Planning in Alaska, Villages in Alaska and Other Places Having a Native Population of 

2.5 or More (1967)]. 

John Hope participated in the gathering of the data that led to the Federal Field Committee village 

population study. Hope said no explanation was given to staff forthe threshold vUlage population of 25. 

Tbe Federal Field Committee's fixation with the number 25 goes beyond listing places with more than 25 

residents-" Also listed are places that are predominantly non-Native but which have a Native population 

of at least 25" (Federal Field Committee for Development Planning in Alaska, Villages in Alaska and Other 

Places Having a Native Population of25 or More, at i). Tbe number 25 cannot be explained by any federal 

Indian policy imperative. The U.S. Bureau of the Census, however, presents unincorporated communities 

m the same manner as incorporated places of equal size. Since most municipalities cannot organize without 

a minimum population of 25, it follows that unincorporated Native villages would be recorded by this 

standard. The 1970 census identified unincorporated communities, including Native villages in Alaska, 

with populations from 25 to 1000 (U.S. Bureau of Census, 1970 Census Of Population-Number of 

Inhabitants, Alaska, VI, 1971). 

The same BIA staff was later asked to create lists of villages that might be eligible to participate 

in various Native claims settlement acts. Tbe analysis now returns to the Governor's Task Force Report 

in january of 1968. 

The GovernorS Task Force 

The Department of the Interior introduced the first draft Native claims settlement act bills in the 

summer of 1967, just as the Federal Field Committee was completing another village population study. 

None of the parties were satisfied with this first round of claims commission oriented bills. The Natives, 

the federal government, and the State of Alaska all agreed to make a concerted effort to find some 

legislative common ground that could break the historical impasse over Native claims in Alaska (Alaska 

Native Land Gaims: Hearings on 5. 2906 at62, statement of William L Hensley). The testimony of Edgar 

Paul Boyko, the attorney general for Alaska at that time, provides the most succinct history of the events 

which led to a historic working session between the patties, an Alaska Task Force Report, and S. 2906: 

A little more than a year ago the newly formed Alaska Federation of Natives met and caused to be drafted 

and introduced into Congress, legislation dealing with a proposed method of settling Alaska native land 

claims. A great deal of discussion ensued, and meenngs and conferences were held, attended by native 

leaders, representatives of the State of Alaska and of the U.S. Department of the Interior, the three parties 

most immediately concerned with this problem. lt soon developed that neither the State nor the Federal 

ll 
279 


Insert offset folio 318 here 98942A.262

REVIEW OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

12 

Government could fully accept the proposed bill as onginally submitted on behalf of the Federntion of 

Natives. Early in 1967, Governor Hickel addressed a conference of the Alaska Federation of Natives here 

m Anchorage, and outlined to them his imaginative concept of a proposed approach: the granting of fee 

title for the growth and development of native communities; of non-exclusive surface rights for the 

protection of the native economy and their traditional way ofhfe; and of monetary compensation for lands 

to which they claim aboriginal rights, but which have been taken from them by disposal to third parties 

on the patt of the Federal GovernmenL Governor Hickel's concept has become the accepted standard, and 

white there has been a variety of approaches and proposed methods of accomplishing this end, this 

conceptual approach remains unaltered and accepted universally by all parties concerned. 

Shortly thereafter, representatives of the U. 5. Department of the Interior visited Alaska and met with the 

Governor and his staff. They revealed at that time that the U.S. Depanment of the Interior planned to 

sponsor legislation of its own, which in due course was disclosed and introduced, and also became the b3SlS 

for serious study and discussion. It soon developed that once again neither the natives of Alaska nor the 

State could fully accept the proposal advanced by the Depanment of the Interior, although many valuable 

features were contamed therem and have been preserved in the present draft. 

Actmg under the Governor's instructions, I met with the Alaska Federanon of Nauves at another meeting 

in Anchorage last October [ 1967}. At that time I proposed that the State develop a compromise version 

embodying some of the best features of the original Alaska federation of Natives draft and the Interior 

Department draft, and perhaps adding some of its O\Vft 1 suggested that, rather than have the State draft 

its own version, and then dtsdose it to the other interested parties as a completed piece of work-which 

might very well result in hardened attitudes and pride of authorship-we should stnve for a cooperative 

effort. We invited the Alaska Federation of Natives to designate a committee to work with the Governor 

and me, and other officials of the State, in a joint effort to frame such proposed legislation which all parties 

could suppon. Tb1s offer was accepted, and, at the request of native leaders, the Governor created a special 

task force in his own off1ce, which was largely staffed by officers and directors of the Alaska Federation of 

Natives and other representative leaders of the native communities and assisted by private attorneys 

representing native claimant groups, and the attorney general's office. 

As a result of Secretary Udall's viSlt to Alaska to meet with representatives of the natives and the State on 

the native claims issue, the Secretary moreover authorized participation m these meeungs by representatives of the Deparunent of the Interior, thus creating a tripartite group and gi..,.'ing great impetus to the hope 

of reaching the kind of agreement which would make possible the kind of legislative chmate in which an 

attempt at setthng this thorny problem would have a real chance of success (Alaska Native Land Claims: 

Hearings on 5. 2906 at 326-327, statement of Edgar Paul Boyko). 

The Task Force Report outlined the components of a proposed settlement which were ultimately 

incorporated into a draft bill-S 2906 ("Proposal for Settlement of the Alaska Native Land Claims, 

A Report of the Governor's Task Force on Native Land Claims,Juneau,January 10-16, 1968"inAlaska 

Native Land daims: Hearings on 5. 2906 at 74-78). The task force proposal consisted of: (l) a grant of 

40 million acres of land in fee, or in trust, allocated on the basis of proportional eurollments of 

individuals to villages, regions, and a statewide organization incorporated under state business charters; 

(2) a federal grant of 10 percent royalty interest in Outer Continental Shelf revenues with an 

immediate advance payment of $20 million to compensate for lands reserved or disposed of to third 

parties; (3) a state grant of 5 percent royalty interest in state selected lands, commencing upon the 

lifting of the land freeze 10and resumption of state land selections; and ( 4) a terminable license to use 

the surface of lands under occupancy and used by Natives for subsistence purposes. Congress spent the 

------------·--·-------------· 

tOpLQ 4582,34 Fed. Reg. !025 Qanuary 23, 1969). 
280 


Insert offset folio 319 here 98942A.263

REviEW oF ANCSA EuGmiTJTY CRITERJA 

next four years refining this model for a land claims act, by rejecting some concepts, ll straying from 

others,U and bartering along the way,ll before eventually returning to the core concepts first outlined in 

the task force proposal14 

The following sections follow the traces left by the Governor's Task Force, S. 2906, and other legislative 

proposals that give some dues to the origin of the Native village and urban community ctiteria and 

ultimately the creation of village lists. 

Native Village Beneficiaries Under S. 2906. 

The Governor's Task Force settlement bill, 5. 2906, called for the enrollment of every Native to one 

Native group (S. 2906 § 507). Each Native group determined its own membership and enrollment. 

Natives could enroll to the villages where they currently lived, or to the villages where they or their 

ancestors had come from (S. 2906 § 507). Native groups that failed to enroll at least 25 Natives would 

have their members enrolled to another group. 

Nothing inS. 2906 or in testimony regarding the bill indicates why the 25 person population figure 

was used. The defmition of Native group in S. 2906 did not include a population requirement. The 

definition only refers to "identifiable groups of residents ... which as a group ... claims Indian title to land 

... by virtue of abotiginal use and occupancy at any time [S. 2906 § 516 (a)]. The group could incorporate 

as a state business corporation or an IRA and receive land and money under the bill-and neither requires 

25 members to incorporate. 

11Forexarnple, the idea of a statewide corporation (5. 2906 § 307) was eventually rejected. Some feared that the 

well-funded, statewide corporation would become a pohtical arm of the Natives of Alaska. Ironically, this statement 

came from a legal representative of various Native groups [Alaska Native Land Claims: Hearings on 5. 2906 at 101 

(Statement of Barry W. jackson); see H.R Rep. No. 523 at 2198]. 120ne deviation from the Task Force's proposal and intentions was the idea of granting settlement assets to 

Natives organized as municipal corporations instead of for-profit business corporations. The Task Force explained 

their policy choice as fo1lows: 

In order to facilitate future development, the village-as-a-municipal-corporation shall be separated from the 

village-as-an-incorporated-tribal-group. Among the differences between these concepts are the following: Whites 

may become resident members of the municipality; residence is not required for membership in the corporation; 

corporation membership in the course of time is to be translated into stock in a business corporation under Alaska 

law. A membership mterest will be represented by 100 shares of stock whicb are not alienable by.the first holder, 

except at death, and successor holders must be descendants of those on the original roll untillOOyears have elapsed, 

when the shares shall be freely alienable, subject to any "close corporation" provisions in the articles and by-laws 

(Alaska Native Lana Claims: Hearings on 2906 at 75). 

The same reasons were cited by the conference commiueein rejecting the final House bill proposal fora municipal 

settlement vehicle at the village level (Conference Report at 2252). 

"Liter settlement proposals for Native land conveyances ran the gamut from 10 to 16 rrtillion acres before 

eventually returning to the 4{) rrtillion acre figure. !See H.R. Rep. No. 523 at 2241-2242 ("Chronology of Interior's 

Proposals for Settlement of the Alaska Native Land Claims" from the dissenting view ofHon. Rep.john P. Saylor).! 

"congress eventually provided 962.5 million dollars in cash payments from the federal and state govermnents 

instead of royalties (43 U.S. C. § 1605), and offered the general regulatory protection of the federal govermnent for 

Native subsistence uses on federal lands instead of a licensing system for such uses (Conference Report at 2250). 

13 
281 


Insert offset folio 320 here 98942A.264

REviEw OF ANCSA ELtGIBILilY CRITERIA 

l4 

It may be that only villages with 25 members could be "identified" by vertfication on the most recent 

tribal list (Villages in Alaska and Other Places Having a Native Population of 25 or More, 1967). Regardless, the 

Federal Field Committee consistently used the 25 person population as the standard for village existence 

(Alaska Natives and the Land at 8). The last House proposals which used the municipal corporation as the 

settlement vehicle had an additional rationale for the 25 resident requirement-municipal corporations 

required that number to incorporate under state law. (See H.R Rep. No. 92-523 at 2197.) 

Natives did not need to constitute a majority of a Native village or exhibit current abortginal use and 

occupancy of land under S. 2906 to participate in its proposed settlement. Two sections of the bill 

proposed exceptions that persist in subsequent settlement proposals. First, villages which were relatively 

new or which had relocated in recorded history could still file a claim based upon aboriginal use and 

occupancy during such period (S. 2906 § 504). Second, Native villages which had been abandoned 

involuntarily or which had been absorbed by non-Native communities could also file claims based on 

aboriginal use and occupancy before their involuntary abandonment or absorption (S. 2906 §505). 

These exceptions broke from an early tendency in the claims commission bills (e.g. 1964) to tie Native 

group land entitlements to present use by a Native community and a traditional use or need standard. 15 

The official Governor's Task Force commentary explains these exceptions: 

Section 504. Claims of New Villages 

Native villages whtch have relocated or been reestablished during the last 100 years as a result of vok-anic 

explosion, flood, loss of game, and other reasons. Th1s secnon permits these villages to participate in the 

settlement. 

Section 505. Claims of Abandoned Villages 

This section provides for situations such as Kenai, where the native village has been absorbed. and villages 

wluch have been mvoluntarily abandoned. In the latter case, only a few native group corporations based 

upon abandoned villages are expected, as most members of th("se villages have formed or have affiliations 

with other groups (Alaska Native Land Claims: Hearings on 2906 at 108). 

Despite the disavowal of the requirement of present aboriginal use and occupancy and the need for 

a majority Native population, the exceptions tend to prove the rule-only current Native aboriginal land 

use (that is, subsistence lifestyles exhibited by a predominantly Native community) would assure an 

entitlement under the Governor's Task Force proposaL The exceptions (relocated villages and the 

original urban corporation provision) were tightened or eliminated in subsequent acts. More to the 

point, the majority Native and "not modern and urban in character" requirements were offlcially made 

the rule for Native village certification. 

15"The Secretary of the Interior 1s authorized to grant in trust ... to ... a group of natives ... title to the VIllage site or 

snes now occupied by such group ... and ... to gnmt title to such additional lands within the environs of such site or 

sites as would contribute significant1y ... to the livelihood of the corrununity, taking into account factors such as 

population, economiC resources of the group, traditional way of life, and the nature and value of the land proposed 

to be granted" (S. 1964, Sec 3, Alaska Native Land Clai=· Heanngs on 5. 2906 at 16). 
282 


Insert offset folio 321 here 98942A.265

REviEW oF ANCSA EuGmturr CRITERIA 

Not Modem and Urban in Character and A Majority of Native Residents 

Powerful members of Congress insisted on present aboriginal use of claimed lands as a prerequisite 

to sharing in any settlement: 

Aboriginal title depends on actual use and occupancy by a recognized aboriginal group. Many Alaska 

Natives have left the villages of their ancestors and no longer participate in present village use ofland. They 

live in Seattle, Anchorage, Fairbanks, and in other cities. The point is these Natives no longer use the land 

(HearingsonH.R. 3100, H.R. 7039, H.R. 7432-To Provide fortheSetdementofCertain Land Claims of 

Alaska Natives, and for other Purposes at 79: Comments ofHon. Wayne N. Aspinall, Chairman, Committee 

on lntetior and Insular Affairs; 1971). 

Congressman Aspinall excluded modem and urban villages from entitlements under his proposed bill, 

H.R3100: 

Many individual Natives no longer reside with a Native group that uses public lands, and those individuals 

have no va1id claim based on present use and occupancy .... 

"Native village" means a Native group in Alaska that is comprised of twenty-five or more Natives, who live 

in a community that is not of a modem and urban character (ld. at 2-3). 

Although the proposed bills at tills late date purported to eliminate the relationship between value of 

aboriginal use and occupancy and the lands granted under legislative proposals, in H.R 3100 Sec. 2 (g) (I d. 

at2), city lifestyles (e.g., no subsistence use ofland) would have disqualified a village from a group entitlement. 

The governor contributed additional reasons for limiting village certification to predominantly Native 

villages and not those in urban environments: 

The first type of circumstances which activate a State policy objection is the denomination for these 

purposes as "Native villages," towns, dties or villages which are not, at the present state of historical 

development, pri.marily Native in characteL .. For instance, the city of Kenai is non-Native in population, 

and its economy is integrated into the cash economy of the State, as is the surrounding territory. The City 

of Nome was settled by gold miners and although through migration has acquired a majortty of Eskimo 

population, it is culturally mixed and urban in character. It is difficult to assess the precise effect of 

conveying all the vacant land in and around such city to a corporation controlled by a racially defmed 

minority within it, but it may have the effect of dividing the City more than it unites it, working to the long 

term disadvantage of both elements in the population (Hearings on li.R. 3100, H.R 7039, H.R. 7432 at 

366, testimony of Governor Hickel). 

The distinction between "cities and towns not .... primarily Native in character," "culturally mixed and 

urban in character" and communities which are a majority non-Native blurred over time. By October 1971, 

the Senate incorporated all three criteria into the eligibility requirements for Native vUlages under S. 35-

at least 25 Natives had to reside in the village, the village could not be modem and urban in character, and 

the majority of residents could not be non-Natives (Sen. Rep. No, 92-405 at 3, 42). State land selection 

concerns might not have been the only reason for limiting the number of eligible Native villages. Up until 

the final passage of ANCSA, every bill included a Native village subsistence privilege, usually provided 

through a license or permit on federal lands. Under the Senate proposal, the Secretary of the Interior could 

close areas around Native villages to entry by all those except local residents for subsistence purposes (Sen. 

Rep. Doc. No. 92-405 at 43-44). The more Native villages, the more potential for subsistence closures. The 

dynamics of all the different legislative proposals pointed toward limiting the scope of village eligibility. 

15 
283 


Insert offset folio 322 here 98942A.266

REvtEw oF ANCSA EuGIBILITY CRITERIA 

16 

Village Usts 

Villages listed in ANCSA are presumed eligible for the benefits of the act [43 U.S. C. §§ 1610(b), 

16l3(a)]. The reason for the hsts had everything to do with the conflicts over land selection pliolities: 

It is our feeling that both the listing of Nat1ve VJ.llages in the bill and a cut-off date for qualifications of 25 

Native residents important to establish definite boundaries for land withdravtals. If the villages are not listed 

m the bill then for a cenain penod of time after enactment of the legislation there would be no way to 

determine what land would be subject to Native settlement and what would be available for State selection 

or other use .... Identifying the village in the bill and tying land withdrawals and patents to specifically 

defined areas surrounding the listed villages will avoid such future conflict (Letter from Rogers C B. 

Monon, Secretary of the Interior, to Hon. Wayne N. Aspinall, Chainnan, Committee on Interior and Insular 

Affairs, Heartngs on H.R 3!00, H.R 7039, H.R 7432-To Provide for the Settlement of Certain Land 

Claims of Alaska Natms, and for other Purposes at 9, 1971). 

The initial lists included in the administrative bills were generated by the area director of the Bureau 

of Indian Affairs in juneau (Telephone interview August 17, 1993, with john Hope, Tribal Operations, 

juneau Area Office, 1963-1980). The length of the lists depended on the eligibility criteria in each bill. 

Congre.%man Lloyd Meeds' list, included in H.R. 7039, excluded no one. The definition of"Native village" 

in H. R 7039 included Native villages "composed of twenty-five or more Natives, regardless of whether or 

not resident in a predominantly Native area" (Hearings on H.R. 3100, H.R. 7039, H.R. 7432 at 18). The 

list of villages that was finally included in sections 1611 and 1615 of ANCSA evolved from ones generated 

by rhe Secretary of the Interior after the 1970 census data became available (Id. at 97, lll-114). 

Southeast Village Lists 

From the outset, Native villages in Southeast Alaska faced an uphill struggle to participate in a 

legislative settlement of Alaska Native claims. The first administrative bill, S. 1964, excluded them 

altogether($. 1964, Sec. 4(a),AlashaNative Land Claims: HearingsonS. 2906at 19). Testtmony by john 

Borbridge made it clear that the Tlingit and Haida Indians retained claims to million of acres of land 

in Southeast Alaska, in addition to certain claims pending in the Court of Claims (ld. at 341-347). The 

Court of Claims noted that more than 2.6 million acres ofland in Southeast Alaska had not been taken 

or extinguished hy the federal government (Tiingit and Haida Indians of Alaska and Harry Douglas. et 

al. v. UniLedStates, 182 Ct. Cl. atl34-l35). Furthermore, in 1969, the Indian Claims Commission 

concluded that the Tlingit and Haida had preserved claims to fishing lights by timely filing a petition 

under the Indian Claims Commission Act of August 13, 1946 (Ch. 959,60 Stat. 1049, codified as 

amended at 25 U .S.C. §§ 70 to 70v-3; T1ingit and Iiaida Indians of Alaska v. United States, 20 Ind. Cl. Comm. 

508, May 14, 1969). These claims laid the foundation for Tlingit and Haida participation in ANCSA. 

From that point on, Southeast villages-including all the study communities except Tenakee-were 

included on Native village lists with villages throughout the state (H.R. 7039, Healings on H.R. 3100, H.R. 

7039,H.R. 7432at31-35;S. 1830, 91stCong., lstSess. 46-56, October2, 1969). Other lists were limited 

to eligible Southeast villages (H.R. 7432 and S. 1830,june 10, 1970), excluding the study communities 

but including Tatitlek (Hearings on H.R. 3100, H.R. 7039, H.R. 7432 at 31-35, 57; S. Rep. No. 925, 

9lst Cong., 2d Sess. 166, 1970). 
284 


Insert offset folio 323 here 98942A.267

REviEw OF ANCSA EuGmn.ITY CRITERIA 

Southeast village representatives endured constant attacks and pressure from non-Native 

advocates, who opposed any recognition of Southeast Native land claims in Southeast towns they 

considered to be historically non-Native (Hearings on H.R. 13142, H.R. 10193, and H.R. 14212, 

Before the Subcomm. on Indian Affairs of the House Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs, 91st 

Cong., 1st Sess. 581-582, 1969, statement of Leo Mark Aothony; and Hearings on H.R. 13142, H.R. 

10193, and H.R. 14212 at 608-610, 1969, statement of William L Paul). By the 1960s, Tlingits and 

Haidas found it difficult to overcome the strength of the non-Native communities' denial of the Native 

origins of most communities in Southeast Alaska (Telephone interview August !3, 1993 with Byron 

Mallot, former special assistant to Senator Gravel). 

The study communities disappeared from the Southeast list at the same time as 1970 census data 

became available, and the criteria for the statewide village list shifted to a population of at least 25 Native 

residents, a majority Native population in the village, and communities that were not urban and modem 

in character16 (Hearings on H.R. 3100, H.R. 7039, H.R. 7432 at 97, 111-114). The final version ofS. 35 

contained an unlisted Southeast village subsection that ran parallel with the provision for unlisted villages 

in other parts of the state (S. Rep. Doc. No. 92-405 at45). The provision would have allowed the Secretary 

to make findings with respect to the eligibility of unlisted Southeast villages much the same as with 

unlisted villages in section l610(b)(3). However, the provision was not adopted by the Conference 

Committee (Conference Repon at 225 7), and Southeast villages found themselves without an appeal from 

a denial of Native village status (In Re: VillageofTenakee, VE# 74-60,2 ANCAB 173, 177, Sept. 9, 1974; 

identical opinion In Re: Village of Haines, VE # 74-85, Sept. 9, 1974; acc'd, In Re: Appeal of Ketchikan 

Indian Corp., 2 ANCAB 169, Dec. 5, 1977). 

Historical Development of the Term "Urban Community" 

Section 14 (h)(3) of ANCSAauthorized the Secretary of the Interior to withdraw and convey to Natives 

residing in Sitka, Kenai, juneau, and Kodiak 23,040 acres each as an entitlement for these urban 

corporations. "Natives in four towns that originally were Native villages, but [came to be] ... composed 

predominantly of non-Natives" were authorized to organize urban corporations ( 4 3 U.S. C. § 1613 (h)(3); 

Conference Report at 2248). The issue of urhan group status can be traced to section 505 of S. 2906: 

Section 505. Claims of Abandoned Villages 

A native group relocated to a native village which has been abandoned involuntarily during recorded 

history, or which has been absorbed by a non-native community, may file a claim based upon aboriginal 

use and occupancy before such involuntary abandonment or absorption (Ala.~ka Native Land Claims: 

HearingsonS. 2906at 14). 

----------·--------~-------

16The respective total and Native populations for each of the landless villages were as follows in the 1967 report 

of the Federal Field Comnrittee for Development Planning in Alaska, VillagesinAlaskaand Other Plru:es Having a Native 

Populationof25orMore: Ketchikan 108551l605;Haines 1000!300; Petersburg 1800!360; Tenakee 125!30; Wrangell 

1700/500. The 1970 Census figures were reported as follows: Ketchikan 6994/1064; Haines 463/109; Petersburg 

2042/242; Tenakee 86/6; Wrangell2029/380 [ISER,Alaska Review of Business andEconomU: Conditions, Vol. X, 

No.2 (Sept. 1973)1. 

17 
285 


Insert offset folio 324 here 98942A.268

REviEW Of ANCSA EUGIBILITY CRITERIA 

18 

The Governor's Task Force commentary explains this section as follows: 

This section provides for situations such as Kenat, where the native village has been absorbed, and villages 

which have been involuntarily abandoned. ln latter cases, only a few native group corporations based upon 

abandoned villages are expected, as most members of these villages have fonned or have affiliations with 

other groups. 

Another section, Section 516, provides a clarification: 

.. Note that certain urban native groups, such as the Fa1rbanks Native Association, which do not as a group 

claim Indtan Title, are not ''native groups" under the act. Their members must be enrolled on the rolls of 

their historic villages (!d. at 108). 

The ability of historic Kative groups located in urban locations to participate in ANCSA was assured 

by some bills which would have extended benefits to Native groups "regardless of whether or not resident 

in a predominantly Native area" (Hearings on H.R. 3100, H.R. 7039, H.R. 7432 at 18). But this version of 

a settlement act did not survive. instead, the Senate shifted to the idea of a national corporation for nonresident Natives living out-of-state, and an urban corporation for Natives living in places that were ineligible 

because they had so many non-Native residents (Conference Reponat 2254). However, these corporations 

did not survive the conference committee. Instead, the conference committee included a section which 

authorized non-resident, out-of-state Natives to vote on creating a 13th regional corporation. In addition. 

in-state Native residents of urban locations could enroll as at-large shareholders in their respective regional 

corporations and enjoy a larger monetary distribution over time than village shareholders [43 U.S. C. 

§1606(j)). Finally, Natives residing in the historic villages of Sitka, Kenai,juneau, and Kodiak were able 

to incorporate as urban corporations and were thereby entitled to 23,040 acres each and a modest planning 

grant [43 U.S. C. 1613 (h)(2)1. 

The ANCSA urban corporation provision was never officially introduced in any bill leading to the 

passage of ANCSA. according to Bill Van Ness, who was at that time chief counsel for the Senate Interior 

and Insular Affairs Committee (Telephone interview, August 26, 1993). Representatives from the four 

communities had spoken to Senator Stevensaboutthe provision the year before, in 1970, according to John 

Borbridge. who was at the time a Tlingit and Haida representative (Telephone interview, October 14, 1993). 

Senator Stevens was favorably inclined toward the provision but did not act on it (Jd.). The four urban 

villages tried again during the conference committee deliberations in late 1971. Spokesmen for each of the 

urban communities took turns lobbying various congressmen in both houses, according to Hank Eaton, 

who represented the urban community of Kodiak (Telephone interview, Sept. 23, 1993). Senator Stevens 

was approached about the pro,isionagain during the conference committee and introduced the provision 

into the final bill, according to john Borbridge. 

The Federal Field Committee identified six urban places in Alaska-Anchorage, Fairbanks.Juneau, 

Ketchikan, Kodiak, and Sitka--and four examples of"non-Native" towns--Wrangell, Petersburg, Kenai, 

and Seward. The four urban corporations were organized in juneau, Kodiak, Sitka, and Kenai (Alaska 

Natives and the Land at 6) The Field Committee reponed that of the five study communities, Wrangell was 

located at the same place as the original village (!d. at 274). Sitka was also found to be located at the site 

of its otiginal village, but juneau was not. 

Bill Van Ness recalled that the urban Native corporation provision was enacted because no one objected 

to these tour communities' gaining eligibility (Telephone inteniew, August 26, 1993). 
286 


Insert offset folio 325 here 98942A.269

REviEw OF ANCSA EuGtBJUTY CRITERIA 

Van Ness also said that, to his knowledge, no criteria or evaluations were used to determine if these 

four communities were any more qualified than others ad.). john Borbridge recalled that the sense of the 

conference committee was that no more communities would be accepted for urban corporation status 

(Interview with john Borbridge, October 14, 1993). At the time, it was notclearwhetherSoutheast villages 

had other options to qualifY for village status under ANCSA-that would be discovered later in the village 

eligibility decisions regarding Tenakee, Haines, and Ketchikan (ld.). 

Native VIllage Certification Under ANCSA 

The Secretary was required to make eligibility determinations for more than two hundred villages 

within two and a half years after enactment of ANCSA [43 U.S. C. § 161 O(b)]. Villages found eligible could 

incorporate and were entitled to the land benefits described in section 1613 of ANCSA. A list of established 

Native villages ("listed villages") was set out in section 16lO(b)(l), and these villages were deemed to be 

eligible unless the Secretary made a finding that fewer than 25 Natives resided in the village on the 1970 

census enumeration date, that the village was modem or urban in character, or that the village was 

populated by a majority of non-Native residents [43 U.S. C. § l6lO(b)(2)]. 

SincevillagesinSoutheastAlaska, listed in section l615(a), were not "listed in subsection (b)(l)," they 

could have been required to fulfill the eligibility criteria for unlisted villages found in section 161 O(b )(3). 

Notwithstanding that technical distinction, Southeast villages were treated as "listed" villages under the 

regulations {43C.F.R. § 2651.2 (a); see example, In Re: Kasaan, VE74-l7, VE 74-!B,June 14, l974:Appeal 

by the Forest Service and the Alaska Wildlife Federation and Sponsmen's Council of acting area director's 

decision finding Kasaan eligible for benefits under ANCSA]. 

Unlike listed villages, unlisted villages carried the affirmative burden of establishing that at least 25 

Natives resided in the village on the census enumeration date and that the village was not modern and 

urban in character [U.S. C. § 1610(b)(3)]. An unlisted village would be found eligible and be added 

to the list, once the Secretary of the Interior had made a finding about all necessary facts required by 

the subsection. The Secretary later determined that Congress did not intend to allow unlisted 

Southeast villages an opportunity to prove their village status, the way unlisted villages in other parts 

ofthe state could (In Re: VtUageofHaines, VE 74-85, September 9, 1974; In Re: Village of Tenakee, 2 

AN CAB 173, VE 74-60, September 9, 1974; In Re: Appeal of Ketchikan Indian Corporation, 2 AN CAB 

169, l.S 77-33, December 5, 1977). 

Any Native group that failed to meet the minimum village population standards could be considered 

for special land entitlements, as under section 1613(h)(2). 

The first proposed village eligibility regulations met with broad disapproval in the Native community 

(Alaska Native Management Report, October 24, 1972 at 2). Natives were concerned that even if the 

regulations were redrafted, many Native villages would be found ineligible under the "modem and urban 

character" standards (Alaska Native Management Report, March 13, 1973 at l). This widespread 

dissatisfaction could have been avoided, if the local Alaska Bureau of Land Management (BLM) 

officials responsible for preparing regulations had consulted the Native community before the 

regulations were published. Final regulations were not adopted until May 30, 1973. That lack of 

consultation contributed to unnecessary delays and an initial poor working relationship between the 

BLM and the Native community. 

19 
287 


Insert offset folio 326 here 98942A.270

REVIEW OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

20 

Almost all appeals of village certification decisions were brought by third parties who fell 

threatened by village corporation land selections. State municipal governments, non-Native sports 

hunting associations, and-in some instances--federal land management agencies used the village 

certification processasawayof defeating village land selections. (See,e.g.,Stratman v. Watt, 656 F.2d 1321 

(9th Cir., 198 I ),cert. denied. 102 S.Ct. 17 44; and, Alaska Native Management Report,]anuary 31, 1974 

at 3; September 16,1974at!.) 

The director in the Juneau area office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) was responsible for 

making village eligibility determinations under regulations adopted on May 30, 1973 [ 43 CF.R § 

265L2(a), 1973)1. The area director was required to investigate and examine available records and 

evidence that could have a beating on the eligibility of any listed village [!d. at 265 L2(a)(l) I. An authotized 

representative of the village was required to submit an application for determination of eligibility for 

unlisted villages [ld. at 2651.2(a)(6)]. The application had to include prima fucie evidence of compliance 

with the requirements of eligibility under the regulations. 

The village eligibility regulations expounded on the language in ANCSA as follows: 

1. Twenty-five or more natives had to reside in the village on Aprill, 1970, but residence was presumed 

if a Native was properly enrolled to the vtllage. 

2. The village had to have an actual phys1callocation evidenced by the occupancy of at least thineen 

Natlvcs during 1970. However, no village "which is lmovm as a traditional village" would be disqualified, 

if occupancy could be shown sometime duting the ten years preceding 1970. 

3. A village W>S modem and urban in character only if it possessed all of the following atttibutes: 

a. Population over 600; 

b. Centralized water and sewer system serving a majority of residents; 

c. Five or more established businesses; 

d. Organized police and fire protection; 

e. Private resident medical and dental services; 

Fully maintained streets and sidewalks. [!d. at 265!.2(b)(l),(2),and (3)]. 

When he finished his review, the area director published his proposed decision in the Federal Register 

and in local newspapers [ld. at 2651.2(a)(2)]. Any interested party could file a protest within thirty days 

[Id. at 265 L2(a)(3)l. Absent a valid protest, the decision was final and would be published a second time 

in the Federal Register [ld. at 265L2(a)(2)]. 

The director would evaluate any protests and supporting evidence and render a decision on the 

eligibility of the village within thirty days of receipt ofthe protest [Id. at 265L2(a)(4)]. The decision on 

appeal would be published and become final, unless appealed to the Secretary by a notice filed with the 

Alaska Native Claims Appeals Board (ANCAB) (ld.) 

The Secretary of the interior established the AN CAB, or the "ad hoc board," as it was referred to 

in the regulations, to hear appeals of BIA village eligibility and village land selection determinations. 

ANCABopemted as a fact finding board which recommended decisions for Secretatial review and approvaL 
288 


Insert offset folio 327 here 98942A.271

REviEw OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

The Secretary was not bound by ANCAB's recommendations. The Secretary appointed four members, 

familiarwith Native village life, from outside the Department of the lnteriorto sit on AN CAB. AN CAB, 

in turn, assigned Interior Office of Hearings and Appeals administrative judges to hear the appeals 

(See GAO Report on Enrollment and Village Eligibility at 10). ANCAB reviewed the record and the 

decision recommended by the administrative law judges, and then sent its own recommendations to 

the Secretary without providing an opportunity for the parties to review the administrative judges' 

decisions or submit exceptions. 

Of the 215 villages listed in ANCSA, the BlA found 201 eligible and 14ineligible. (See generally, GAO 

Report on Enrollment and Village Eligibility at 9-14). AN CAB received twelve appeals on the listed village 

determinations. All twelve appeals involved villages that the Bl A had determined were eligible. Only 

eight of the twelve appeals proceeded to hearing before the administrative judges. The judges upheld the 

BlA's determination of eligibility in seven of the eight cases. ANCAB recommended reversal of two 

of these decisions, and the Secretary accepted AN CAB's recommendation. 

Of the three listed villages that AN CAB found ineligible, one did not have an identifiable physical 

location evidenced by occupancy consistent with Native culture and lifestyle (Salamatoff), another failed 

to show proof of at least twenty-five resident Natives enrolled to the village (Paul off Harbor), and the third 

failed to show an identifiable physical location and sufficient number of Native residents (Uyak). The three 

ineligible villages filed suit in the United States District Court challenging the Secretary's decisions (Koniag. 

Inc. v. Kleppe, 405 F. Supp. 1360, D.D.C.,l975). The District Court overruled the Secretary and reinstated 

the BIA's determinations that all three were eligible. The Secretary appealed the decision for all the villages 

except Pauloff. The District of Columbia Circuit Court of Appeals affirmed in part, reversed in part, and 

remanded the case for administrative determination on the grounds that the secret procedure involved in 

ANCAB review of the administrative judges' decisions denied due process to the parties and violated the 

ANCSA policy of maximum participation by Natives in matters that concern their property rights (Koniag 

[IU., Village of Uyak v. Andrus, 580 F.2d 601, 609, D.C. Cir., 1978). Salamatoff and Uyak were later 

legislatively confirmed as eligible villages in the 1980 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act 

(ANILCA, Pub. L No. 96-487 §§ 1427, 1432, 94 Stat. 2327) 

Unlisted villages faced a more precarious fate when the AN CAB reviewed the B!A director's decision. 

[See Report of the Secretary 1982, § 1610(b)(3)]. Thirty-one unlisted villages submitted eligibility 

applications. The BIA declared that twenty-four of these villages were eligible and seven ineligible 

Twenty-eight of these determinations were appealed (twenty-three eligible, five ineligible). Except for 

Eklutna's protest of the Knik detennination, the appeals of villages found eligible were made by non-Native 

third parties (Alaska Native Management Report, january 31, 1974 at 3). Ultimately only 20 of these appeals 

were decided by the administrative judges and AN CAB. ANILCA also resolved most of the pending issues 

on eligibility regarding unlisted villages (ANILCA §§ 1427, 1432). 

In summary, once final village eligibility regulations were adopted, village eligibility determinations 

were made expeditiously by the Secretary, but third parties forced many of the Secretary's decision into 

adjudication. The adjudication process was long and expensive. Ultimately, many of the disputes were 

resolved by legislation as part of ANILCA. 

21 
289 


Insert offset folio 328 here 98942A.272

REviEW OF ANCSA ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA 

22 

Southeast Village Eligibility Determinations 

Following the passage of ANCSA, three Southeast villages, including the study communities of 

Haines and Tenakee, filed timely appeals of eligibility deciswns of the area director of the Bureau of 

Indian AffairswiththeAlaska Native Claims Appeal Board. (In Re: VillageofTenakee, VE# 74-60,2 AN CAB 

173, 177, Sept. 9, 1974; Identical Opinion In Re: Village of Haines, VE# 74-85, Sept. 9, 1974; ForestSm1ce, 

et. al v. Village of Kasaan, ANCAB VE# 74-17, VE# 74-18,june 14, 1974) 

Ketchikan Indian Corporation, the IRA organization in Ketchikan (another study community), 

filed an untimely request for determination of its village eligibility and land entitlement (In Re: Appeal 

of Ketchikan indian Corp., 2 AN CAB 169, 170, Dec. 5, 1977). The Ketchikan IRA appealed the area 

director's adverse decision. The AN CAB resisted the area director's request to dismiss the case as 

untimely, and instead applied the rational of the deCJsions it had made on the earlier appeals by 

unlisted villages. lt found as follows: 

On August 30, 197 4, trus Board 1ssued a Final Order in reAppeal ofVillage ofT enakee, VE # 7 4-60, finding 

the Village ofT enakee not ehgible for benefits underthe Act and the same was approved by then Secretary 

of the Interior Rogers B. Monon on September 9, 197 4. The final order ... developed the legislative history 

of the Southeast Region, discussed applicable secuons of the Alaska Nauve Clauns Settlement Act and 

concluded that the designation of villages in Southeastern Alaska in § 16(a) of ANCSA created an exclusive 

list of eligible villages of Southeast Alaska which cannot be added to, stating: 

It is ... apparent from a comparison of the appropriate provisions relating to withdrawals, selections and 

conveyances of land that unlisted Southeast villages are not intended to receive benefits under the Act. The 

distinctions made between 'identified' non-Southeast villages and llsted Southea:lt VIllages is consistent 

throughout all of the withdrawal, selection, and conveyance procedures spelled out in the Act. lt is thus 

apparent that Congress did not mtend that unlisted Southeast villages could be made eligible for benefits 

under the Act. 

... The Appellant m the present appeal, Ketchikan Indian Corporation, is located in Southeastern Alaska 

and purports to be a Yillage or community entitled to benefits under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement 

Act despite the fact it ctid not seek a determinatiOn of eligibility prior to the September 1, 1973, deadline 

... However, just as the Village ofTenakee, the Appellant is not listed WJtrun § !6(a) of ANCSA and thus 

regardless of the significance of the application deadline for determmation of eligibility this appeal must 

be controlled by the previous dectSion and therefore dismissed fsicl (1n Re: Appeal of Ketchikan Indian 

Corp., 2 ANCAll at 171). 

In essence, the ANCAB found that the only way an unlisted Southeast village could acquire 

benefits under ANCSA was to be treated as a non-Southeast village and thereby conceivably acquire 

larger land entitlements than the listed Southeast viltages and create inconsistencies in land selection 

reallocation formulas found in section l2(b) of the act. (In Re: Village of Tenakee, 2 AN CAB at 175-176). 

Finally, the conference committee's failure to adopt the Senate's parallel unlisted Southeast village 

provision cinched the case: 

The provisions for the Southeast and non-Southeast villages are parallel, but distmctly different, and the 

frulure of Congress to provide any parallel provision for the eligibility of unlisted Southeast villages is 

consistent with the other dtstinctions made by Congress in conferring land benefits upon the listed 

Southeast villages subject to the Tlingit-Haida Settlement, and upon the listed and unlisted villages 

elsewhere in Alaska (!d. at 177). 
290 


Insert offset folio 329 here 98942A.273

REviEw oF ANCSA EuGmturr CruTERJA 

The conference committee did not explain its omission of the unlisted provision (Conference 

Committee at2257). 17None of the other study communities attempted to assert their eligibility during 

the regulatory period following the passage of ANCSA. Any attempt on their part, however, would likely 

have been futile, given the Secretary's decisions regarding unlisted Southeast villages. 

17 Certainly, population figures and knowledge regarding the settlement patterns in Southeast Alaska were better 

known than in other parts of the state. However, the reasons for the committee's decision are only conjecture. 

23 
291 


Insert offset folio 330 here 98942A.274

---·---------------------------------

Chapter 3. The Tlingi.t and Haida Settlement 

BY CHARlES w SMYIHE 

This chapter compares the participation of the five study communities and of the recognized ANCSA 

Southeast villages and urban communities in the first Native land claims settlement in Alaska--the 

settlement the Tlingitand Haida Indians won afterbringingsuitagainst the federal government. The chapter 

also discusses the form of the settlement, known as the Tlingit-Haida settlement, which was originally 

proposed as a community-based settlement and later was legislatively changed to a region-based settlement 

by recognizing the Tlingit and Haida Central Council as a regional tribal organization. 

Origins of the Tlingit and Haida Setdement 

The Tlingit and Haida land claims lawsuit was instituted after the Natives of Southeast Alaska secured 

passage of the jurisdictional Act of]une 19, 1935 ( 49 Stat. 388), "Authorizing the Tlingit and Haida Indians 

of Alaska to bring suit in the United States Court of Claims, and conferring jurisdiction upon said court to 

hear, examine, adjudicate, and enter judgement upon any and all claims which said Indians may have, or 

claim to have, against the United States, and for other purposes." The participation of the five Southeast 

study communities in the events leading up to this act, and in the subsequent activities and organizations 

which carried the action through to the decisions granting compensation for lost property rights, including 

the establishment of the Central Council of Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska, is described below and 

compared with that of Southeast villages recognized in ANCSA 

The jurisdictional Act defined the Tlingit and Haida Indians to be all those Indians of whole or mixed 

blood who in 1935 were living in the southeastern region of"Russian America," or the Territory of Alaska. 

It granted the authority forthese Indians to pursue all claims "for land or other tribal or community property 

rights taken from them by the United States without compensation," or "which the United States 

appropriated to its own uses and purposes without consent of the said Indians," or "for the failure or the 

refusal of the United States to protect their interests in lands orothertribal or communitypropeny in Alaska, 

and for loss of use of the same, attbe time of the purchase of... Russian Ametica, now Alaska, from Russia, 

or at any time since that date and prior to the passage and approval of this Act..." It also authorized 

compensation for the loss "of their right, title, or interest, arising from occupancy and use, in lands or other 

ttibal and community property, without just compensation therefor ... " 

The act also authorized a community settlement. It specified that "all persons ofTlingit or Haida 

blood, living in or belonging to any local community of these tribes" in Southeast Alaska were entitled 

to share in the judgement. "Each tribal community shall prepare a roll of its tribal membership, which 

roll shall be submitted to a Tlingit and Haida central council for its approvaL The said council shall 

prepare a combined roll of all communities and submit it to the Secretary of Interior for approvaL 

Approval of the roll by the Secretary of Interior shall operate as the final proof of the right of such 

Indian communities to share in the benefits of this Act. .. " The subsequent recognition of the Central 

Council as the beneficiary entity of the Tlingit and Haida settlement derives from this wording. 

The act did not provide any further specification of tribal community, such as a list of eligible 

communities, or of procedures for establishing and approving a tribal membership roll. It did say, 

however, that any judgement funds would be apportioned to the different Tlingit and Haida 

communities listed on the roll in proportion to the number of names on the roll. The act also 

designated that the funds would be expended "for the future economic security and stability of sa.id 

Indian groups, through the acquisition or creation of productive economic instruments and resources 

of public benefit to such Indian communities ... " 
292 


Insert offset folio 331 here 98942A.275

THE TUNGIT Al\1) HA!DA 5ETI1.EMENT 

26 

Priorto the court's decision on the Tlingit-Haida case, the Central Council organization was modeled 

aftertheA!aska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and Alaska Native Sisterhood (ANS). Its leadershipvvas drawn 

from the ANB an dANS, and it met during the annual ANB/ ANSconventions. Central Council membership 

vvas comprised ofTlingit and Haida communities with active ANB/ANS camps. In the 1930s and 1940s, 

these included the study communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell, as well 

as Angoon, Craig, Douglas, Hoonah, Hydaburg,Juneau, Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, Klukwan, Saxman, Sitka 

and Yakutat. Haines, Kasaan. and Tenakee were less active in the 1950s, but the participation of the other 

communities remained at earlier levels. 

The histol}' of the Tlingit and Haida land claims began with the ANB and ANS. The idea of pursuing 

claims for the loss of lands and property rights in Alaska is attributed to one of the founders of ANB, 

a Tsimshian named Peter Simpson, who first posed the quesuon, "Whose land is this?" and urged the 

t\ative leaders to take action. Ironically, one of the five study communities, Haines, is recognized as the 

site from which attorney William L Paul, Sr. initiated the Tlingit and Haida land claims, during the 1929 

annual ANB convention in Haines. 

Paul invited judge james Wickersham to the 1929 convention in Haines. When Judge Wickersham 

addressed the convention, he called upon the ANB to pursue Congressional action to redress the loss of 

land and the timber on it He read a list of communities that should be included, and mentioned four of 

the fivestudycomrnuniues by name: Haines, Petersburg, Wrangell, Ketchikan (also named were Klukwan, 

Hoonah, Douglas, juneau, Angoon, Sitka, Kake, Hydaburg, and Kasaan). Presumably, these were the 

communities in attendance at the meeting (Brown 1993: personal communication; Paul1946). 

At this meeting, the ANB Grand Camp passed a resolution which authorized the executive committee 

to expend funds from the grand treasul}' to pursue this course. "We began actively seeking out lawyers and 

solutions and bending the anns of several legislators (principally the delegates from Alaska) toward getting 

the legislation that we would need to actually permit us to sue the United States government" (Brown, in 

Hope 1 982:36). Also at this meeting, the decision was made to include evel}' Tlingit and Haida Indian, 

regardless of how much the individual contributed to the cause. 

Wickersham drafted the legislation which was introduced in Congress and which would enable 

the Tlingit and Haida tribes to sue the United States for the loss of tribal property, and of its use and 

possession, in Alaska. Members of the ANB and ANS worked with him in introducing it, and later m 

keeping it in front of the body after Wickersham returned to Congress as the territorial delegate in 1930. 

In 1935, Wickersham's successor, Anthony Dimond, succeeded in achieving passage of the special 

jurisdictional act granting authority to the Tiingit and Haida Indums of Alaska to pursue these claims 

Implementing the jurisdictional Act: Creation of the Tlingit 

and Haida Indians of Alaska 

The first organizational meeting of the Tiingit and Haida Indians of Alaska took place in Wrangell in 

1935, after passage of the act. Before that assembly, the BlA required evel}' community and village in 

Southeast Alaska with Tlingit and Haida residents to hold public gatherings and elect delegates to the 

Wrangell meeting. 
293 


Insert offset folio 332 here 98942A.276

THE TUNGIT AND HAIDA 5ETI1EMENT 

The first organizatiorol meeting was held in Wrangell ... lt was hosted by Wrangell, and our ANB and 

Tllngit and Haida meetings ran concurrently. We had the ANB Convention going on at the ANB Hall 

and we were able to get space at the Salvation Army Hall to hold our Tlingit-Haida meetings. As I recall, 

the first Tiingit and Haida meeting we held in the evening after the ANB business was completed at the 

ANB HaiL That was when we fulfilled the requirements for organizing .... !elected officers] ... At that first 

meeting we selected our presiding officer, secretary, and also accepted a slate of delegates from the different 

towns. Delegates were seated on the basis of one delegate for each one hundred Indians of each community 

or fraction thereof (ibid.:37). 

Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell participated in that meeting, along with Sitka, Angoon, 

Klawock, Craig, Hoonah, Kake, Douglas, juneau, Hydaburg, Saxman, Klukwan and Yakutat. 

After elections, the motion was made and passed, "We go ahead with the suit under the 'Tlingit and 

Haida Land Bill,'" (ibid.:49). On another motion, William L Paul, Sr., was appointed to serve as attorney 

to prosecute the lawsuit; he was also authorized to select an associate and submit the name to the Central 

CounciL He notified the meeting that he would ask judge Wickersham to be lead counseL A committee 

was elected with the power to contract with an attorney. A major problem discussed at this meeting was 

fund-raising; the assembly decided to send fund-raising teams around to the communities and pass "the 

potlatch bowl" around in meetings in each community. 

In 1939, the ANB passed a resolution to forman executive committee that would serve in the capacity 

of the Central Council, under the act of 1935, for the purpose of pursuing the land claims. The Centro! 

Council would be organized similarly to the ANB, with each local camp constituted as the "tribal 

community" referred to in the 1935 act. But the B!Amaintained that the Centro] Council had to be distinct 

from the ANB, because the ANB membership was open to non-Natives, which was inappropriate in the 

present case as the Central Council was to represent only members of Tiingit and Haida tribes. 

In consequence of this objection, another organizational meeting of the Central Council was held in 

1941, at which delegates selected their attorney and adopted a contract. These actions took place with 

attendance by and approval of the BIA. At this meeting, the Central Council membership comprised !8 

communities, including all five study communities: Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and 

Wrangell, as well as Angoon, Craig, Douglas, Hoonah, Hydaburg, Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, Klukwan, 

Juneau, Saxman, Sitka, and Yakutat. In the minutes of this meeting, there is reference to prior meetings in 

1939-40 with similar membership. The group arrived at the selection of Grady Lewis, William L Paul, Sr., 

and Fred Paul as attorneys. 

Filing the Tlingit and Haida Lawsuit 

After further delay, a BIA-approved contract was signed in !94 7 between the Tiingitand Haida Indians 

of Alaska and attorneys james E. Curry and Associates, selected by the Central Council to represent them 

in land claims before the U.S. Court of Claims. The suit was filed on October!, !947: In subsequent years, 

the Central Council continued to meet informally and follow the progress of the lawsuit. In 1950, Curry 

wrote to the 18 member communities and suggested they form "Tlingit and Haida Claims Committees." 

The mailing list used by the attorney was that of the ANB, and it included the five study communities. 

27 
294 


Insert offset folio 333 here 98942A.277

THE TUNGIT AND HAlDA SETTlEMENT 

28 

In 1951, the attorneys prepared an overall petition covering all the local groups, including the 

modem organizations, individual bands, and local groups. This new petition covered the individual 

claims of the various towns. In the list of organizations representing aboriginal tribal groups, Curry 

included the Wrangell Indians representing the Stikine Tribe; the Chilkat Indian Village of Klukwan 

and Chilkoot Indian Association of Haines, representing the Chilkat Tribe; and the Tlingit Indians of 

Ketchikan representing the Tongass Tribe. Tenakee was represented through Angoon, as its tribal affiliation 

was linked with Angoon, and Tenakee residents began to move to Angoon in this period. 

In 1954, descendants of traditional Tlingit and Haida tribes, who were recognized as chiefs or active 

leaders ofTlingit and Haida clans, intervened as parties plaintiff in the suit A comparable lawsuit was also 

filed before the Indian Claims Commission with corresponding plaintiffs, including the Tlingit and Haida 

Indians of Alaska, representatives of the 11ingit and HaidaNations, representatives of the 14 Tlingit Tribes 

and the Haida Tribe, and the IRA governments of organized communities (in their own right and as 

representative of their respective tribes). The following tribes were represented: Chilkat, Auk, Taku, 

Hoonah, Yakutat, Lituya,Sitka, Angoon, Kake, Kuiu, Henya, Stikine, Tongass, Sanya,and Kaigani (Haida). 

In the early 1950s, the lawyers' mailing list corresponded to the Al'\;B membership list, and included 

all the five study communities (Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell), as well as Angoon, 

Craig, Douglas, Hoonah, Hydaburg,Juneau, Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, Klukwan, Metlakatla, Saxman, Sitka, 

and Yakutat. An examination of the available minutes and attendance records of annual Tlingit and Haida 

conventions held between 1953 and the early 1960s indicates active and regular participation by Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell, togetherwithothercommunities. In some years, Klukwan delegates 

included a Haines resident, in place of a separate Haines delegation. The available information indicates 

that Tenakee was not active in the 1950s. By comparison, the same records suggest that Kasaan was also 

inactive through this period, until about 1963. Douglas apparently affiliated with juneau in 1959, as it no 

longer appeared as an independent delegation in the 1960s. 

The 1959 Tlingit and Haida Claims and Aboriginal Indian Title 

On October 7, 1959, the U.S. Court of dairns held that the Tlingit and Haida Indians had established 

aboriginal Indian title to the land in Southeast Alaska and were entitled to compensation for the 

uncompensated taking of their lands by the United States, and for the failure or refusal of the United States 

to protect the interest of the Indians in their lands or their hunting and fishing rights, pursuant to the Act 

ofjune 19, 1935. It was held that the Tlingit and Haida Indians exclusively used and occupied most of 

Southeast Alaska at the time of purchase of Alaska in 1867, and that the land had not been abandoned by 

the Indians prior to the dates of taking. 

Pan of the land, water, and rights used and occupied by the Indians in 1867 was subsequently lost 

through the failure of the Cnited States to exempt such property rights from the operation of the general 

land laws in Alaska and from the failure of the government to enforce such minimum protection as was 

authorized in the laws (particularly section 8 of the Organic Act of Alaska). This included areas lost to mining 

and industrial sites, homesteads, mineral leases, and townsites established by white settlers. The court also 

held that other lands were taken outright by the government, including the Annette Islands reserve and 

various areas set aside for the Tongass National Forest and Glacier Bay National Monument [(U.S. Court 

of Claims(l47 Ct. Cis.) 1959)[ 
295 


Insert offset folio 334 here 98942A.278

THE TUNGIT AND HA!DA SEITLEMENT 

The U.S. Court of Claims identified the Tiingit and Haida tribes listed the principal winter villages for 

each of the tribes as of 1867, and identified l4 modem Tiingit and Haida tribal communities associated 

with these tribes (see Table 3.1). The modem communities were the following: 

Angoon Ketchikan 

Douglas Klawock 

Haines Klukwan 

Hoonah Salanan 

Hydaburg Sitka 

Juneau wrnfigell 

Kake Yakutat 

Three of the five study communities (Haines, Ketchikan and Wrangell) werelisted in the 1959 decision, 

while Petersburg and Tenakee were not. In comparison, among the 12 Southeast communities recognized 

inANCSA, Craig and Kasaan were not identified in the decision. Another community, Douglas, was listed 

in the Tiingit and Haida decision but was not recognized in ANCSA (Petersburg was included in the 1968 

decision; see Table 3.2). 

Tbe coun recognized that since the U.S. acquired Alaska in 186 7, there had been movements ofTiingit 

and Haida Indians from traditional villages to larger, modem conununities in the region: 

At the present time, the Thngit and Haida Indians live in a number of native villages which are almost 

entirely Indian, but some live in large communities in principal cities of Alaska (Finding of Fact No. 25). 

The court included six of these larger towns and cities in its enumeration: Haines, juneau, Douglas, 

Sitka, Wrangell, and Ketchikan. The modern villages named in the findings were Yakutat, Klukwan, 

Hoonah, Angoon, Kake, Klawock, Saxman, and Hydaburg. In enumerating the modem Indian communities in Southeast Alaska, the court was following a tribal orientation which was inherent in the 

proceedings, but which served to limit the final enumeration. 

In identifYingrnodemcommunities (those in existence in 1935), the court followed a tribal framework; 

that is, it first identified the names of Tlingit and Haida tribes and then the names of the modem 

conununities associated with those tribes. This effort was consistent with the legal framework established 

in the 1935 jurisdictional act, which concerned "tribal ... property rights," as described above. But it also 

introduced constraints and errors regarding the identification of modem Tiingit and Haida communities. 

For example, some communities were in existence before 1935 (such as Petersburg, Tenakee, Craig, and 

Kasaan) that were not mentioned by the court, although they had tribal affiliations. 

On the other hand, the Kuiu tribe was singled out as ·no longer in existence as a tribe;" that is, no longer 

associated with its own tribal community (Finding of Fact No. 26). However, the court stated that its 

members had migrated to other communities including Klawock, Kake, and Wrangell. The implications 

of migration of other tribal members to different tribal communities was not discussed by the court, except 

insofar as the list of modem corrununities indicated a consolidation of more dispersed settlements that 

existed in 1867.1 This tribal emphasis resulted in some inconsistencies in the court's list of communities. 

1

The Tongass tribe was incorrectly identified with Saxman, and likewise the Cape Fox tribe was associated with 

Ketchikan; the accurate modern community affiliat1on of these subdivisions is the reverse. 

29 
296 


Insert offset folio 335 here 98942A.279

THE TLINGIT AND HAIDA 5ETILEMENI 

30 

TRIBE 

Tlingit Tribes 

l. Yakutat 

Table 3.1. Names of Modem Communities Where the 

Indians of the Tlingit and Haida Tribes Live 

VIUAGE(S) AS OF 1867 COMMUNITY 

Yakutat Yakutat 

2. Chilkat-Chilkoot Klukwan Klukwan 

3. Huna 

4.Auk 

5. Taku-Sumdum 

6. Hutsnuwu 

7. Sitka 

8. Kake 

9. Kuiu 

10. Stikine 

11. Henya 

12. Sanya 

13. Tongass 

Haida Tribe 

!. Haida 

Kalwalt Haines· 

Chilkoot 

Yandestuka 

Diea 

Huna Hoonah 

Tuxugu 

Aynskultu Juneau 

Taku Douglas 

Sum dum 

Basket Bay Angoon 

Angoon 

Killisnoo 

Neltushkun 

Sitka Sitka 

Kake Village Kake 

Kake 

Kutu none 

Wrangell Wrangell 

Shakan Klawock 

Tuxekan 

Klawock 

Yes Bay Ketchikan 

Cape Fox 

Loring 

Tongass Saxman 

Kasaan Hydaburg 

Sukkwan 

Hawkan 

Khnkwan 

Kotanglas 

Source: The Tiingitand Haida Indians of Alaska v. the United States, Finding of Fact No. 25. 
297 


Insert offset folio 336 here 98942A.280

THE TUNGIT A.'ID HAIDA SETILEMENT 

In addition to associating each community with a single tribe, the court also reported which 

communities were and were not located at the same places as the original villages. The court held that five 

communities (or 33 percent of all Southeast communities recognized by the court), were not located at the 

sites of historic tribal villages. These were Haines, juneau, Douglas, Ketchikan, and Saxman. The court 

identified Saxman with the Tongass tribe, which may have been the case at an earlier period in its history, 

but at the time of its establishment, and again by 1959, Saxman was identified with the Cape Fox people. 

The Tongass people are associated with the Native community in Ketchikan. 

After the 1959 Decision: The Central Council ofTlingit 

and Haida Indians 

As described above, the 1935 jurisdictional act identified the role and function of the Central Council. 

The beneficiaries of the Tlingit and Haida settlement were identified as "all persons ofTlingit and Haida 

blood, living in or belonging to any local community of these tribes" in southeast Alaska. Each "tribal 

community" was authorized to prepare a roll and submit it to the Tlingit and Haida Central Council for 

approval. The Central Council, in tum, would prepare a combined roll and submit it to the Secretary of 

the Interior for final approval. The Central Council was authorized by name in the 1935 act, but as its 

statutory role would not be necessary until there was a favorable decision, it operated informally to follow 

the progress of the lawsuit through the years until1960. 

The definition of"community"was significant in the Tlingit and Haida proceedings, since distrtbutions 

were to be apponioned to the different Tlingit and Haida communities according to the number of names 

on each community roll. This form of settlement was established in the special jurisdictional act authorizing 

the lawsuit, as described previously. The original version of this act called for a per capita distribution. But 

at the suggestion of the Department of the Interior, it was changed shortly before passage to prohibit per 

capita payments and to provide that judgements must be used for the future economic stability and 

development ofTlingit and Haida conununities (Carver: 1964)2 Sections 7 and 8 were added to the act 

to effect these goals. As will be described below, these issues were re-visited after the decision, and the fonn 

of the settlement was reshaped with the active participation and encouragement of the DOl and BIA. 

After the decision, the Central Council met in Angoon in conjunction with the 1960 annual ANB 

convention. This gathertng was regarded by the BIA as the meeting at which the Central Council would 

be fanned and begin developing enrollment procedures, following its mandate in the J 935 act. In the 

meeting, the Central Council requested Tlingit and Haida communities to carry out a census of tribal 

members to provide an estimate of community rolls and for use in proposing amendments to the 

jurisdictional act. Sometime later, the Central Council distributed lists of Southeastern communities, 

together with their populations by race, based on the 1960 census. The lists included categories for 

'The reason for this tribal and community form of settlement, as opposed to a per capita distrtbution, was the 

nature of the resources (lands) in question, which were identified as capital resources that served to maintain the 

entire Native population for the benefit of successive generations(see Opinion and FindingsofFact, Tiingit andHaida 

Indians of Alaska v. United States, pp. 15-17). 

31 
298 


Insert offset folio 337 here 98942A.281

THE TUNGIT AND HAIDA SETTLEMENT 

32 

indigenous settlements, non-indigenous towns, cities having Native communities and present-day Native 

villages. These lists are indtcative of the kinds of concerns that existed withm the council regarding 

commumty eligibility] 

The lack of any dear definition of the term "tribal community" in the jurisclictional act (or its legislative 

history) caused controversy over the years of the lawsuit. William L Paul, Sr. brought up the issue in 

Wrangell in 1941 at the early organizational meeting of the Tlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska. In 

the 19 50s, he and others brought suits (most notably the I eehitton case) in federal and state courts on behalf 

of local tribal groups, which opposed the granting of tribal recognition to members of other tribes 

(immigrants) living in the tribal communities. These efforts were ultimately unsuccessfuL 

The issue was problematic to the attorneys working for the Tlingit and Haida tribes, who were forced 

to file the case m the name of all the various modem organizations and groups as well as the aboriginal bands. 

This was necessary, in their view, because the Attorney Generalcontended that modern groups did not have 

authority to represent the aboriginal tribes4 Some difficulty was also evident in the 1959 opinion of the 

court, which made no mention of Petersburg or Tenakee, although each had a history of native occupation 

since well before the passage of the jurisdictional act. 

In the early 1960s, the predominant view, and the position of the Central Council and the Department 

of the lntertor, was that the term "tribal community" applied to any of the modern villages, towns, and cities 

in which there were communities of Tiingit and Haida Indians. The position was justified by the need to 

extend recognition to Tlingit and Haida communities in Anchorage as well as in the Lower 48 states, which 

were excluded from the settlement because the 1935 act limited payments to communities in Southeast 

Alaska. The opposing position maintained that since local clans were the tribal land-holding units in 

traditional Tiingit and Haida communities, and since the settlement was for lands lost by such groups, any 

award should be distrtbuted to the matrilineal descendants of such "original" units based on the amount 

ofland each controlled in 186 7. Proponents of this view in Wrangell organized their own delegation to the 

Central Council, so that there were two groups claiming to represent Wrangell at the annual convention 

for two years in the early 1960s. 

----·------- 3The eligibility of existing Tiingit and Haida communities within the meaning of ·~ribal community" employed 

in the 1935 actwasatlssucm this nme. For example, the questionofCraig'sstatusas a "tribalcommunity"wasraised 

by the cha1rman of the local Tlingit and Haida Committee in 1960. The BlAJuneau area chrector responded With 

an opinion from a Regional Solicitor that Craig would not be considered a "tribal corrununity" because it came into 

extstence after the construction of a cannery there, and the original residents of Craig carne from Klawock, Hydaburg, 

and possibly other Tiingit and Haida villages. The Sohcitors opmion was that Cra1g residents would need to be 

em oiled with the Indian village group where their ancestors formerly resided (Hawkins 1960). When the question 

was passed to a higher authonty through Alaska's Senator Bartlen, the BIA response was that Craig's status would 

be decided according to the rolls prepared by communities and submitted through the Central CouncU for approval 

by t~e Secrerary of Interior under the 1935 act, which was yet to be carried out. 

1n Curry's opinion, the parttes plaintiff should include the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska, Tlingit Tribe or 

Nation, Haida Tribe or Nauon, each of the abonginal bands (as described by Haas), the various modem groupings 

suing in their own behalf, and the various modem groupings suing as representatives of the aboriginal groups and 

m behalf of the Thngit Nation and Haida Nation. The list of modem organizations that represent aboriginal tribal 

groups included Wrangelllndians representing the Stikine Tribe, Chilkat Indian Village o[Klukwan and Chilkoot 

Indian Association of Haines representing the Chllkat Tribe, and Tlingit Indians of Ketchikan representing the 

Tongass Tribe (Curry 1951). 
299 


Insert offset folio 338 here 98942A.282

THE TLINGIT AND HAlDA SEITLEMENT 

Within a few years of the 1959 decision, the Central Council decided to expand its role and function 

overthatdefined in the original jurisdictional act. With the approval of the BIA, the Council began to seek 

recognition as a formally-constituted regional organization with a substantial role in planning how the 

claims award would be spent. A planning committee was formed in 1963 to develop a plan for the use of 

the judgement award; membership was comprised of representatives of all Tlingit and Haida communities 

(including Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell). At annual conventions in Wrangell in 1963 and in 

Yakutat in 1964, the Central Council passed resolutions supponing proposed bills to modify the 1935 

jurisdictional act to allow for these organizational changes and to extend membership and representation 

on the Central Council"to persons of Tlingit or Haida blood residing in the various local communities or 

areas in the United States." Members of the Central Council were dispatched to Washington, D. C. in 1963 

and 1964 to lobby and speak in su ppon of the proposed amendments. Some Juneau members also lobbied 

on behalf of an amendment to approve per capita distributions. 

Representing the Central Council, Andrew Hope and Ted Denny testified to the historical fact that since 

1867, a substantial migration and resettlement of the Tlingit and Haida Indians had taken place. Large 

numbers of Tlingit and Haida Indians had left their original Native villages to live in modern towns and 

cities in Southeast Alaska and beyond, in order to obtain employment, more advantageous educational 

opponunities for their children, or for other reasons. Hope used juneau as an example of a town to which 

Indians migrated that was never the site of a traditional Native village. Alternatively, he presented other 

modem cities and towns, such as Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Sitka, which are populated "not only by 

descendants of the local clans which were native to the area which included the site of the particular city 

or town, but also by descendants oflocal dans which had traditional Native villages in other geographical 

areas." Rhetorically, he posed the question whether these (migrating) individuals were to be prohibited 

from participating in the act, or were expected to return to their Native village community to receive benefits 

(Hope 1965a and 1965b). 

The amendments had strong backing from the Department of the Interior, which supported the 

Central Council in its efforts to re-constitute itself as a tribal self-governing organization with expanded 

functions and authorities. Congress passed the amendments on August 19, 1965 (P.L. 89-130), 

although it remained opposed to using the settlement for per capita payments. On the issue of eligible 

communities, the Senate report made the following statement: 

The 1935 act was designed to meet conditions that existed at that time. Since the passage of the 

jurisdictional act, circumstances and conditions have changed considerab1y. Increasing numbers of 

Tiingits and Haidas have chosen to make their homes outside of their local villages or communities in 

Alaska. Numerous individuals and families moved into the large towns and cities of southeast Alaska such 

as juneau, Douglas, Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Petersburg. Several hundred have resettled in the Puget 

Sound area, especially in Seattle, and in California. Under existinglawtheywould receive little orno benefit 

from the expected judgement fund (Senate Report No. 159, 89th, 1st). 

The House report adopted a similar position (House Repon No. 521, 89th, lst). The amended 

jurisdictional act provided a new structure for the distribution of the claims award which did not entail 

payments to tribal communities. The Central Council became tbe vehicle for the award on behalf of 

individual enrollees. In consequence, the community eligibility issue was resolved. Any group ofTlingil 

and Haida Indians who decided to organize and cooperate among themselves could seek approval of the 

Central Council to elect delegates to the annual conventions, and thereby gain panicipation in the 

33 
300 


Insert offset folio 339 here 98942A.283

THE TLINGIT AND HA!DA SETTLEMENT 

34 

decision-making process of the newly constituted organization. The Central Council became a political and 

administrative institution for its members, who were represented by delegates to the annual conventions. 

A planning committee, first formed in 1963, developed a six-point plan for using the judgment award. 

Approved by Congress in 1970, this plan identified program area in educational scholarships and 

vocational training, services for the elderly, housing, and community development. 

In May 1966, delegates from 18 communities met in annual convention and reorganized the structure 

of the Central Council. With the adoption of BIA-approved rules for election, the Central Council was 

reconstituted with authority to use and expend the settlement funds in accord with the amendments 

to the 1935 jurisdictional act. On June 1, 1966, the BlA published in the Federal Register (Vol. 31, No. 105, 

pp. 7744-45) amendments to existing regulations governing preparation of tribal membership rolls to 

implement requirements for enrollment with the Tlingit and Haida Indians of Alaska. Eligibility was open 

to all persons ofTlingit or Haida blood residing in the U.S. or Canada who were Alaska residents on or prior 

to June 19, 1935, or were descendants of such residents of Indian blood. Each of the participating 11ingit 

and Haida communities adopted rules for election of delegates, constitutions, and bylaws as local 

community councils of the Central Council. 

During the 1960s, Central Council membership was adjusted somewhat to reflect additional community groups as well as the amalgamation of others. Metlakatla was added, Douglas became affiliated with 

the Juneau group, and Haines had representation within the more active Klukwan group. Two out-of-state 

groups (Washington and California) were also formed. Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell were regular 

members throughout the decade. ln 1971, a resolution to approve Haines as an independent Tlingit and 

Haida community was passed at the annual convention. Later Anchorage and Pelican were also approved 

for membership. 

The 1968 Tlingit and Haida Land Claims Valuation 

of Indian Land Lost 

On January !9, 1968, the U.S. Court of Claims decided that the 11ingit and Haida Indians were entitled 

to recover $7,546,053.80 for the loss of their land. In this case, the court established standards of valuation 

for the Indian title lands and determined the acreage to which such values applied. The court valued fishing 

rights, townsites, mineral lands and timber lands in areas of Indian title land taken by the United States. 

The court disallowed compensation for the Indians' lost fishing rights, valued at $8,388,315. 

Of interest here is the recognition of Indian title lands in townsites that were established by white 

settlers. The decision identified those communities that, as of the date of the passage of the jurisdictional 

act in 1935, were owned according to principles of aboriginal title at the time the white settlers established 

townsites. The court held that, "Indian title land patented by the United States as townsites without the 

consent of and without compensation to the Indian owners, is taken as of the date the townsites were 

patented, and the value forthepurposesof compensation should be established as of that date" !(U.S. Court 

of Clatins (182 Ct. Cl.) 1968:130)]. 

The 11ingit and Haida Indians received compensation for townsite and settlement land in the follov,.ing 

communities: 
301 


Insert offset folio 340 here 98942A.284

THE TUNGIT AND ffAIDA SETTLEMENT 

Douglas 

m 

Juneau 

= 

Sitka 

Skagway 

The Tiingit and Haida Indians 

also received compensation for land 

in the town ofMedakatla, which was 

established on the federal Annette 

Island Reserve, set apart by Congress 

in 1891 for use ofT simshian Indians. 

In the valuations, the court provided 

compensation for specified townsite 

Ianda, homesteads, and settlements 

on adjoining lands, including mineral leases and salmon canneries, that 

were in or near the modem communities. The toral townsite value was 

$778,434 (not including Metlakatla, 

which was valued at $14,500). Table 

3.2 provides a comparison of the 

communities identified in the Tlingit 

and Haida decisions a.'ld those recognized in ANCSA. 

Table 3.2. Comparison of Southeast Communities 

Listed in Tlingit and Haida Decision and in ANCSA 

COMMUNITIES USTED IN 

T &: H CoURT DECISIONS 

Angoon 

Hydaburg 

Juneau 

Kake 

CoMMUNITlES liSTED IN 

ANCSA 

Angoon 

Cmig 

Hydaburg 

Juneau 

Kake 

The Tlingit and Haida Central Council and ANCSA 

As the Central Council grew and developed, it assumed more governmental functions on behalf of 

its enrollees. It also actively expanded as a political organization in the state. The Central Council was very 

energetic in the pursuit efland claims leading to the passage of ANCSA. The member communities were 

represented in these efforts by the officers and executive comntittee, who during the year carried out the 

will and desire of Central Council delegates who only met annually in conven.tion. The council developed 

effective relationships with the Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN) and cooperated in statewide efforts in 

support of the claims. The leadership also pursued legislative lobbying activities on behalf of the Southeast 

region and local communities. 

The Tiingit and Haida settlement established aboriginal Indian title to nearly all of Southeast Alaska, 

and deterntined that the land had not been abandoned at the time of taking. Although the Southeast 

Indians received compensation for the national forest, national park, townsite, and other lands that were 

taken from them, this area did not constitute all the Southeast region. There were 2,628, 207 acres still 

held by abori-ginal Indian title by the Tiingit and Haida Indians, according to the court findings. The 

Central Council participated in the efforts to settle statewide land claims for these areas, with claims that 

were still outstanding. In 1967, for example, the Central Council was approached by the state to participate 

in a state-sponsored Land Claims Task Force to draft a bill that would be jointly proposed by the state 

and the Native people. 

35 
302 


Insert offset folio 341 here 98942A.285

THE TLINGIT AND HAlDA SETnEMENT 

36 

The Central Council lobbied Congress for inclusion of all of its constituent communities in draft 

ANCSA legislation. 1t took the po51tion that all of its member communities are entitled to full benefits 

under the act, which included Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell. In 1969, for example, the 

President of the Central Council participated in cooperative lobbying activity with the Alaska Federation 

of Natives (AFN) in Washington, D.C. President Borbridge reported, 'We !Emil Notti of AFN and John 

Borbridge of the Central Council] have advanced our aspirations for ... our urban and rural people" 

(Borbridge 1969). In 1970, Borbridge reported, "The position of the Central Council of the Tlingit and 

liaida Indians of Alaska has been to include all of our Tlingit and Haida communities in the list of villages 

that would receive land in a land claims settlement. Thus Juneau, Sitka, and Petersburg are included in such 

a hst. We have made inroads to the extent that the 'Hickel Bill' and the Senate inS. 1830 recognize ten of 

our communities' (Borbridge 1970). 

This letter also expressed Central Council concerns over the issue of processing state land selections 

from the Tongass National Forest near modem communities. The Central Council opposed efforts by the 

state commissioner of natural resources, who was pushing the Bureau of Land Management (Bl.M) to 

process such selections, since those selections would affect the availability ofland to the villages under the 

impending settlement. Specific reference was made to Ketchikan, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Sitka on this 

issue. The Central Council also engaged in discussions with its attorneys about filing suit over this issue. 

Summary 

Before 1950, all Tlingit and Haida communities participated in the land claims movement through 

meetings that occurred in association with annual conventions of the Alaska ::-Jative Brotherhood, as well 

as in key organizational meetings of the Central Council, such as that in 1941. Tenakee and Haines became 

less active after about I 950, but m this regard they match similar changes in activity in Kasaan and Douglas. 

After the Central Council was re-organized as a representanve tribal organization for all ofTHngit and Haida 

Indians in the 1960s, following the favorable decision in the case, there was active participation of 

Ketchikan, Petersburg and Wrangell as local chapters of the organization (joining with 15 other Tlingitand 

Haida communities in Alaska, Washington, and California). 

The treatment of "community" is instructive with regard to the question of community recognition 

under ANCSA, since in the Tlingit and Haida case it was changed through legislative action. The discussion 

about that change involved four of the five communities that are the topic of this study. In the 1960s, it was 

necessaty to modifY the original terms of the 1935 enabling legislation in order to acknowledge modem 

Tlingit and Haida communities which otherwise would have been eliminated from benefits. 

In 1971, following adoption of a resolution at the annual convention to approve Haines as an 

independent Tlmgrt and Haida community, there were nineteen Tlingit and Haida communities. Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell were recognized, along with 13 other communities in southeast 

Alaska (Angoon, Craig, Hoonah, Hydaburg, Juneau, Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, Klukwan, Metlakatla, 

Saxman, Sitka, Yakutat), and two out -of-state chapters (Seattle, Washington, and Oakland, California). The 

17 southeastern Tlingit and Haida communities included the 12 ANCSA communities (10 "villages" and 

two "modem and urban" communities), Metlakatla (wbich opted to maintain its reservation status under 

ANCSA), and kmr of the five unrecognized southeast communities (Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and 

Wrangell). These lour communities elected delegates and had full participation in all of the meetings, 

committees, actions and initiatives of the Central Council. 
303 


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THE TUNGIT A.'ID HAIDA SETILEMENT 

References Cited 

References cited in this chapter appear at the end of Chapter 5. 

37 
304 


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Chapter 4. Southeast Alaska Community Populations 

BY LEE GoRSUCH 

Introduction 

Thischapterexaminesthe l970populationsandtheANCSAenrollmentsofcommunitiesinSoutheast 

Alaska. It compares the five study communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell 

to those Southeast Alaska communities that were certified under ANCSA as Alaska Native villages, or were 

conferred special status as urban places. 

The 1971 Alaska Native daims Settlement Act (ANCSA) defined a "Native village" as: 

" ... any tribe, band, clan, group, village, community, or association in Alaska listed in sections Jl and 16 

of this Act, or which meets the requirements of this Act, and which the Secretary determines was, on the 

1970 census enumeration date (as shown by the census or other evidence satisfactory to the Secretary, who 

shall make findings of fact in each instance), composed of twenty-five or more Natives." Sec. 3(c) 

The only communities of Southeast Alaska referenced in the act were the ten listed in Section 16, all 

of which were subsequently certified bytheSecretaryas Native villages under the definitions of the act. None 

of the five study communities were expressly mentioned in the act. However, in addition to listing and 

defining Native villages, ANCSA, under Section l4(h)(3), authorized the Secretary of the Interior to 

withdraw and convey lands to Natives residing in the four urban communities of Sitka,juneau, Kodiak, 

and Kenai, if they incorporated under the laws of Alaska (as did all other Native villages in order to receive 

the benefits of the settlement). Two of these urban communities, Sitka and juneau, are in Southeast Alaska 

and became eligible to receive benefits under the act. 

The central questions of this chapter thus become: how are the populations of the study communities 

of Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell-which are urban in character-simUarto or different from the 

populations of]uneau and Sitka; and how are the populations of the smaller study communities of Haines 

andTenakeesimilartoordifferentfromthoseofthetenSoutheastcommunitieslistedintheactandcenified 

as Native villages? 

Southeast Community Populations in 1970 

Given ANCSA's specific reference to the .I 970 census of population, the first point of reference in this 

chapter is to present and compare data on the 1970 community populations by size and by race as reponed 

by the U.S. Bureau of the Census. Table 4.1 displays the 1970community populations by Native and nonNative residents. It also reports the percentage of the total community population enumerated and recorded 

as Native. 

How do the five study communities compare in size to the other recognized communities in Southeast 

Alaska? Table 4.1 shows tltat one of the study communities, Ketchikan, had a 1970 population in excess 

of2 ,500 residents and was classified as an urban community along with juneau and Sitka. (The population 

numbers reponed are of the cities proper, not of their greater metropolitan areas.) Even though the two 

study communities of Petersburg and Wrangell were not classified as urban, they had populations of over 

2,000 and were comparable in size to Sitka. Similarly, the population of Haines was in the mid-range of 

the medium-sized communities certified as Native villages, and Tenakee was between the size of the two 

Native villages of Saxman and Kasaan. In summary, the five study communities were comparable in size 

to the other Southeast communities recognized by the settlement act. 
305 


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SouTilEAST AlAsKA CoMMUNITY PoPULATIONS 

40 

How was the Native composition of the study communities similar to or different from the Native 

composition of the recognized Southeast villages' The l970censusreported that 15 percent of Ketchikan's 

population was Native, compared to juneau's 20 percent and Sitka's 23 percent. ln Petersburg and 

Wrangell, Natives comprised 12 percent and 19 percent of the local populations. Thus, the Native 

populations of both Ketchikan and Wrangell were comparahle to those of juneau and Sitka, whereas 

Petersburg's Native population was somewhat smaller. 

Among the smaller Southeast Alaska communities which became certified Native villages under 

ANCSA, the Native proportions of the community populations ranged from 94 percent in Angoon to 27 

percent in Kasaan and Saxman. Haines, with 24 percent of its 1990 population Native, was comparable 

to Kasaan and Saxman. However, on average, the census data indicates that the two study communities 

of Haines and Tenakee had significantly smaller propmtions of their populations which were Native than 

did those Southeast communities that became recognized Native villages. The study community of 

Tenakee, where in 1970 only 7 percent of the population was Native, had a much smaller share of Natives 

than did Kasaan and Saxman-populations of both those ANCSA villages were 27 percent Native. 

Table 4.1. 1970 Population of Southeast Alaska Communities 

URBAN I'I.ACES TOTAL NoN-NATIVE NATIVE %NATIVE 

juneau 6,050 4,819 1,231 20% 

Ketchikan 6,994 5,930 1.064 15% 

Sitka 3,370 2,608 762 23% 

LARGE VILLAGES 

Petersburg 2,042 1,800 

Wrangell 2,029 1,649 

MEDIUM VtUAGES 

Angoon 400 23 377 94% 

Craig 272 ll9 153 56% 

HaineS 463 354 109 24% 

Hoonah 748 214 534 71% 

Hydaburg 214 25 189 88% 

Kake 448 47 401 90% 

Klawock 213 19 194 91% 

SMALL VILLAGES 

30 

Source 1970 Census and 2(c) Report 

Study communities; not certified under ANCSA 
306 


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50IJTI!EAST AlAsKA COMMUNITY POPULATIONS 

Other Sources of Native Population Data 

In a state as large, sparsely settled, and diverse as Alaska, it is quite possible that the census may have 

undercounted some communities. It is even more likely that it may have undercounted the Native 

population. The census enumerates an individual's race or ethnic status based on the respondent's own 

assessment. Thus, some Natives, particularly those with less than a majority of Native blood orthose who, 

for otherreasons, may not have thought of themselves as Native, may have enumerated themselves as white 

or other in 1970. To illustrate this likely undercounting, the census reported a total statewide Native 

population of 50,654 for 1970, while the Alaska Native roll-drawn up after ANCSA was enactedcontained the names of 59,771 Natives who were born on or before December 17, 1971 and resided in 

Alaska. Even though the census enumeration took place in 1969, and the Native roll counted all Natives 

born on or before December of 1971 (the enrollment process occurred during 1972-74), the differences 

in the numbers cannot be explained by the expected net natural increases and migration that would likely 

have occurred berween the rwo reporting periods. 

This likely phenomenon of underreporting becomes more evident when one turns to Table 4.2, 

to compare the census's Native populations for Southeast communities with those of the Bureau of 

Indian Affairs' official ANCSA roll of Natives, reported by Native enrollee's physical residence at the time 

of enrollment. 

How does 1970 census data on Native populations by community compare to Native enrollments by 

the enrollee's place of residence? And, does Native enrollment data differentiate the live study communities 

from the other Southeast communities in ways in which the census did not? 

Table 4.2 reports the census's Native population count by community and also shows the number of 

Natives enrolled under ANCSA who were living in those communities at the time they enrolled. In the 

implementation of the settlement act, the Secretary of the Interior defined a Native's residence as his or her 

permanent residence, the place considered home, irrespective of where he or she was actually living at the 

time. Therefore, Table 4.2 shows Native enrollment in several ways: total Natives living in a community 

but not necessarily regarding it as their permanent residence; the total number of Natives enrolled to each 

community and regarding it as their permanent residence, even though they may not have been living there 

at the time; and the total enrolled to a commurtity but living elsewhere. (See Chapter 6 for a more complete 

discussion of the defirtition of Native residence for Native enrollment purposes.) 

Table 4.2 reveals, for example, that the Native roll reported more than twice as many Natives living 

in Sitka at the time of enrollment than the census reported as residents in 1970. Both Juneau and Ketchikan 

had about 76 percent rriore enrolled Native residents than the 1970 census of Native residents showed. 

A similar pattern was also true for Petersburg and Wrangell. Hence, the larger and urban study communities 

were similar in this regard to both Sitka and juneau. 

The differences between the two data sources for the medium-sized communities were modest, with 

the exception of Haines, where the Native roll reported three times as many Natives living in Haines as did 

the census. In the smaller communities, the Native roll reported no Natives living in Tenakee and only a 

third as many Natives living in Klukwan as did the census. Whereas the 1970 U.S. Census reported six 

Natives living in Tenakee on the enumeration date (March 1969), the Alaska Native roll compiled in 1972-

73 reported no Natives living in Tenakee. 

41 
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"--~- -------~---~----~----- -··-----------~---------~-

SoUTHEAST ALASKA CoMMUNITY PoPULATIONs 

42 

I 

Table 4.2. Comparison of 1970 Census Population 

s~cod to 1974 ANCSA Enrollments and Residency 

,---~--I ENROLlED NATIVES, 1974 

PLAcES . 1970 ! Bv _ By PLACE ENROlLED To SE VR.LAGE CoRP I 

Ce-:sus I CurutEl'IT TOTAL I RESIDING WHERE/ RESIDING PoTENTIAL i NATIVE Por 

1 

RESIDENCE ' ENROlLED ELSEWHERE ENROlLMENT 

I (1) I (2) . C3l I C4l (5) (6) 

URBAN 

Juneau 1,231 2,167 2,640 1,758 882 

Ketchikan 1,064 1,781 1,831 1,174 657 1,862 

Sitka 762 1,694 1,804 1,396 408 

LARGE VUJAGES 

242 324 417 302 115 42S 

380 526 737 476 261 747 

377 398 620 386 234 629 

Craig 153 185 317 167 150 317 

Haines 109 334 314 160 !54 321 

Hoonah 534 589 868 547 321 876 

Hydaburg 189 236 570 230 340 565 

Kake 401 453 552 437 115 558 

Klawock 194 242 507 233 274 508 

SMALL VillAGES 

Kasaan 8 6 121 47 73 

Klukwan 92 36 251 35 216 

Tenakee 6 0 61 0 61 

Saxman 135 147 191 109 82 

Yakutat 156 245 334 234 ]00 

Source· 1970 Census of Population and 2(c) Report 

Study communities; not certified under fu~CSA 

Column 3ofT able 4.2 reports the total number of Natives who enrolled to each community (as their 

permanent residence). Column 4 shows how many of those who declared each community to be their 

permanent residence also lived there at the time they enrolled, and column 5 shows the number who 

enrolled in the community but hved elsewhere. The last column reports the Native roll for Southeast 

villages as of December 31, 1985. (The numbers in the last column vary from those in column 3 because 

of an opportunity for Natives who were originally left off the roll to be put on later or for those who may 

have been enrolled to a place incorrectly to correct their place of enrollment. Chapter 6 further discusses 

the enrollment process.) 

I 
308 


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SouTHEAST ALAsKA CoMMUNITY PoPULATIONS 

To facilitate comparisons of the study communities (shown in shaded areas on the tables) to other 

Native villages and recognized urban places, Table 4.3 shows what percentage of a community's total Native 

enrollment was comprised of Natives who physically resided in that cornrnurtity at the time of enrolling 

(column l). The data reveal that in all three of the urban places and in the two large communities the percent 

of enrolled Natives who lived in those communities at the time they enrolled varied from a low of 64 percent 

in both Ketchikan and Wrangell to a high of77 percent in Sitka. Thus, in the three large study communities 

and the two urban communities recognized in the settlement act, there were no sigrtificant differences in 

the share of Native enrollees who also lived in the enrollment community. The data, expressed as 

percentages, imply that the balance of any community's enrollment came from Natives residing elsewhere. 

Table 4.3. A Comparison of ANCSA Enrollments to 

Residence in Sontheast Alaska Communities, 1974 

% OF T OTAL c OMMUNllY % OF T OTAL N ATIVE !DENTS 

ENROll.MENT WHO oF CoMMUNITY WHo 

REsiDED IN COMMUNllY ENROLLED EI.SEWHERE 

'---···--

URBAN PLACES -- juneau 67 19 

Ketc1lilcin 64 34 

Sitka 77 18 

lARGE COMMUNITIES 

PeteJ1lburg n 7 

wrnng.,u 64 10 

MEDRJM COMMUNITIES 

Angoon 62 3 

Craig 53 10 

Haines 51 52 

Hoonah 63 7 

Hydaburg 40 3 

Kake 79 4 

](!awock 46 4 

SMALL COMMUNITIES 

Kasaan 39 NA 

](!ukwan 14 3 

Tenakee 0 0 

Saxman 57 26 

Yakutat 70 4 

Source. 2(c) Repon 

Study conununities; not certified under ANCSA 

i 

' 

--

43 
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Solm!EAST ALAsKA CoMMUNITY PoPUlATIONS 

44 

In reviewing the smaller communities' percentages of Native enrollees who were also physically 

residing there at the time they enrolled, with the exception ofienakee, which had none of its enrollees 

living there when they enrolled, the percentages ranged from a low of 14 percent in Klukwan to a high 

of 79 percent for Kake. This means that 86 percent ofKlukwan's enrollment was comprised of Natives 

who did not reside in Klukwan at the time of enrollment. The study community of Haines was in the 

middle of this range, with 51 percent of its enrollment comprised of Natives who also physically 

resided there when they enrolled. 

The second column of Table 4.3 shows the percentage of a community's Native population which 

elected not to enroll in the community in which they were residing but rather to enroll to another place 

they regarded as tbeir permanent residence. Petersburg had only 7 percent and Wrangell had 10 percent 

of their Native resident populations enroll elsewhere, whereas juneau and Sitka had 19 and 18 percent of 

their Native populations enroll elsewhere. Ketchikan had 34 percent of its Native residents enroll 

elsewhere. Thus, the three study communities are distinct from the two recognized urban communities 

in that two of them, Petersburg and Wrangell, had only half as many of their residents enroll elsewhere as 

did juneau and Sitka, while tv.ice as many Natives living in Ketchikan enrolled elsewhere. 

Among the medium-sized communities, 10 percent or less of the Native residents enrolled elsewhere 

except for Haines, one of the study communities, in which 52 percent of the Natives residing in Haines 

enrolled elsewhere. The pattern among the smaller communities varied significantly, ranging from 

Klukwan, in which only 3 percent of it Native resident population enrolled elsewhere, to Saxman where 

26 percent enrolled to another place. Tenakee had no resident Native population at the time, and data on 

Kasaan was not available. 

The general pattern of the data suggests similarities among the larger communities, some differences 

between Haines and the other medium-sized communities, and a significant difference between Tenakee 

and the other small communities which became certified as Native villages. 
310 


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Chapter 5. Comparison of Historical Native Use and 

Occupancy in the Study Communities and in 

Other Southeast Communities BY CHARlEs w SMYTHE 

1his chapter compares Native historical use and occupancy in the five study communities and in the 

twelve Southeast communities that were recognized under ANCSA.lt uses a number of specific criteriafrom the character of traditional Native settlements to presence ofNativecemeteries, graves, and totem polesto assess similarities and differences between the study communities and the recognized communities. 

The comparison is based on histories prepared for Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and 

Wrangell. Summaries of those histories are presented in this chapter; the entire histories are presented in 

Appendix A. The histories examine Native use and occupancy of the five communities from before the time 

of the arrival of white settlers up to about !970. However, because there was substantially more information 

available for the period prior to the 1950s in regard to ethnicity, the discussions place a greater emphasis on 

earlier periods. We used many sources to compile these histories, including archival sources, published and 

unpublished materials, and personal interviews with selected community historians and representatives. 

Archival sources consulted and searched included letters and annual school reports of the Bureau of 

Education's Indian schools, townsite records of Indian possession lands, census records, administrative 

records of executive land orders, Bureau of Fisheries reports, field notes and unpublished manuscripts of 

anthropologists, historical flies at the Alaska State Historical Ubrary, records of selected legal cases, and 

affidavits. Materialscollectedasavailable were from special collections such as the Curty-Weissbrodt Papers 

and the William Paul papers and also from community Native organizations, local historical museums, and 

churches. Finally, community residents generously provided us with much useful archival information. 

Published sources consulted included works of anthropologists, archaeologists, explorers, historians, 

economists, missionaries, government officials, and church authorities. 

The third principal source of information was 70 interviews and discussions with community 

historians, elders, tribal leaders, long-term residents, and local experts in each of the five communities. 

Material from those interviews appears in quotations throughout the community histories in Appendix A, 

infornting and elucidating the discussions. However, to maintain the confidentiality of sources, individual 

discussants in the histories are not identified. A list of persons interviewed for this study appears in 

Appendix B. 

Belowwe first present a broad overview ofhistorical Native use and occupancy of the Southeast region 

and then outline our specific criteria for comparing the study communities and the ANCSA communities 

in Southeast. Then we profile the study communities before making our analytic comparisons. 

Regional Overview 

At the time of the arrival of white settlers, the Tlingit Indians were divided into fourteen tribal subdivisions, or kwan. From the north, these divisions are the Yakutat, Chilkat!Chilkoot, Hoonah, Auk, Taku, 

Sumdum, Hutsnuwu, Sitka, Kake, Kuiu, Stikine, Henya, Sanya and Tongass. Together with the Kaigani 

Haida, who pushed their way into the southern Tlingit area in the eighteenth century, these kwans used 

and occupied all of the southeastern region, with the exception of the steeper mountain slopes and tops, 

at the time of first contacts with whites. The aboriginal possession of the lands and waters of Southeast 

Alaska, including trade routes into the interior across the Canadian border, were recognized by the U.S. 

Court of Claims (discussed in Chapter 3) and mapped in a federal investigation of the possessory rights of 

southeastern lndians (Goldschmidt and Haas 1946). 
311 


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HtsTORY oF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

46 

The Tiingit kwan are geographical groupings of smaller political divisions, or clans, which lived 

together in a common area. Under formal Tlingit property law, the places used and occupied by tbe Indians 

were owned by the respective clans. Traditionally, members of the kwan would congregate in larger 

communities for the winter season. Each kwan is associated with one or more principal villages that 

contained large clan houses constructed of hand-hewn wooden planks. During the spring, summer and 

fall, community members would disperse to smaller villages and fish camps depending upon the 

availability of resources and clan relationships. The Indians would harvest and preserve a variety of wild 

and renewable resources and other materials for their consumption in other seasons and for trade and 

ceremonial exchanges. 

Throughout the period of administration by the Russian-American Company, the Russian traders 

followed a policy of non-intervention in the internal political affairs of the Tiingit and Haida Indians. This 

practice was favorable to their trading relationships with the aboriginal inhabitants, and in consequence 

the Russians had little or no impact on the political control and autonomy exercised by the Indians 

throughout Southeast Alaska. Following the acquisition of the Alaskan territory by the United States in 

1867, the military administration erected stockades at Sitka, Wrangell, and Tongass, but these were 

abandoned within a few years. Several instances ofhomhardment oflndian villages at Wrangell, Kake, and 

Angoon impressed upon the Indian residents the power of the military to enforce its imposition of 

civil authority in specific cases. But the period of military administration has been referred to as an 

'era of neglect 'which, at least in the first ten years after the purchase, had negligible impact on the Tlingit 

and Haida Indians' use and possession of Southeastern Alaska (U .5. Court of daims 1959; Emmons 1905; 

Groening 1954). 

Beginning in Wrangell in themid-1870s, the inUuxofwhitesettlersinto the region substantially altered 

the political landscape and settlement patterns by which the Indians had lived for centuries. The principal 

cause of this migration was economic: the availability of gold and other minerals, rich salmon stocks, and 

extensivetimberstandsbtoughtthousandsofwhitesintoSoutheastemAlaska. Theyestablishednewtowns 

and industrial sites at many locations. The rush for gold in Canada up the Stikine River brought more than 

a thousand miners, traders, merchants, and laborers through Wrangell in the mid-1770s, as described 

below. The first gold camp ;vas established in Alaska in 1878, and m the same year, the first salmon 

canneries at Klawockand Sitka (Rogers 1960: 198). Two years later, the discovery of gold at juneau resulted 

in the founding of the town of that name, and another discovery in l887 across the channelled to the 

establishment of the city of Douglas. 

The small community at Haines, which was started as a trading post and mission to the Chilkat and 

Chilkoot Indians in 1881, shifted among several canneries which operated in the area after 1884, and it 

was not until the Klondike stampede in 1897 that the town became more established. Skagway also traces 

its beginning to this gold msh. The white town of Ketchikan places its start with a succession of salteries 

and canneries that began operation at the mouth of Ketchikan Creek in 1886. The incipient town of 

Petersburg was constructed as a fish cannery and sav;mill which opened for operation in 1900. The town 

of Craig was similarly initiated as the site of a commercial saltery and cannery in about 1910-11. 
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HisTORY Of NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

Although located in or near the site oflndiansettlements, the towns that grew up at these locations 

were essentially white towns. The first land laws that applied to Alaska (acts of 1884 and 1900) provided 

for the protection of areas used and occupied by Native Alaskans, but did not entail the issuance of deeds 

of ownership to the aboriginal residents, who were not acknowledged with citizenship rights at this time. 

Nor did these provisions actually protect Indian-occupied areas from conveyance to non-Natives. NonNatives were able to file for town and industrial sites and acquire ownership deeds to lands used for 

exploiting the mineral, fish, and timber resources, or settled as villages and towns in service to these 

industries. These towns were later organized formally with townsites and municipal governments, with 

little or no political participation by the local Indian residents. 

Rogers (1960) has described these modern communities as new "non-indigenous" towns which, 

after their formation between 1480 and 1910, became the principal towns and cities of the region, 

associated with the massive growth of the non-Native population of the region. He analyzes census data 

to show the reorientation of Tiingit kwan to these communities from traditional villages and seasonal 

settlements: the Sitka Indians becoming citizens of the white town of Sitka, the Stikine moving to Wrangell, 

the residents of Auk settlements moving to juneau, Taku people to Douglas, the Tongass people to 

Ketchikan and the Chilkat dividing themselves between Klukwan and Haines (ibid.:205-7). He does not 

detail historical Tiingit settlement at these places; instead he emphasizes the formation and development 

of larger, modern towns dominated by the non-indigenous population. During this period, traditional 

villages continued at Yakutat, Klukwan, Hoonah, Angoon, Kake, Klawock and Kasaan. 

Some of the new communities were Indian settlements formed at the urging of missionaries and school 

authorities. In 1887, the Tsimshians moved under the direction of the missionary William Duncan in a large 

group (800 strong) to Annette Island from Old Metlakatla in British Columbia, and in 1891 this land was 

set aside by Congress as a reservation. Saxman was a new community formed through the encouragement 

of the Presbyterian church and territorial school authorities in 1897; it was settled initially by the Cape Fox 

(Sanya) kwan. The first missionary was a Tsimshian minister and discontented formeradherentofWilliam 

Duncan. There was a consolidation ofHaida communities into the new communities at Craig, Hydaburg, 

and Ketchikan and a movement from Old to New Kasaan. Hydaburg was a new settlement organized 

specifically forthe former Prince of Wale.< Island communities ofHowkan and Klinquan by educational 

authorities; it was established by the Bureau of Education by 1911. 

The initial movements into the new communities took place as group movements. They occurred 

principally for economic reasons, although in some cases they were the result of the force of missionary and 

school personalities and the desire to escape the constntints of tradition. There was continued population 

movement to the new white towns at a more gradual rate in subsequent years, but there was an acceleration 

of migration after 1950, prompted by the crash in the fish stocks, which many Indians depended on. Rogers 

(I 960) considered that the future economic well-being of the Native population would be tied up with 

employment opportunities in the new pulp timber industry that developed in some of these towns in the 

1950s. What is overlooked in Rogers and other accounts is the history of social cohesion and cultural vitality 

within the Indian communities in these towns. 

47 
313 


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HISTORY or NATIVE OccUPATION A.'ID UsE 

48 

Criteria For Comparison 

The following criteria served as a basis for comparisons between the study communities and the 

recognized Southeast ANCSA communities: 

Traditional Native settlements (villages or camps) at sites of modem communities, before the 

arrival of whites 

Indian occupancy of identifiable areas in the early towns 

Indian land reservations or exclusions from the Tongas.s National Forest 

Indian possessions and Native townsite lands 

Federal schools for Indians 

Churches or missions serving Natives 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood local camps 

IRA (Indian Reorganization Act) organizations 

Central Council of the Uingit and Haida Indians of Alaska Community Council 

Native cemeteries, graves, and totem poles 

Information about each of these topics helps provide a picture of Native use and occupancy of 

the study areas before white settlement and in the modem communities that developed later. The 

discussion is concerned principally with the historic period-that is, afterthe appearance of non-Natives. 

There is little reference to extensive prehistoric and archaeological resources that exist in the areas 

surrounding the communities. 

In most of the study communities, white businesses in the early days depended heavily on the Native 

trade for their livelihood. Another feature of the early economy in most of these communities was the 

fishing industty's reliance on Indian labor. Also apparent in the histories of these communities is the 

widespread discriminalion against Natives that existed. Natives we interviewed reported that discrimination was a [acet of everyday life and that it had a strong influence on their lives. 

The activities of the Alaska Native Brotherhood, Alaska Native Sisterhood, and the Central Council are 

significant because they document Native institutions that fanned in the five study communities and, in 

most cases, have been active throughout the histoncal period since the l920s. The brotherhood and SlSterhood developed particularly as a response to the discrimination Natives experienced in Southeast Alaska. 

Churches in the study communities often indicate the presence of a living Native institution. In most of 

these communities, one or more churches were at some time devoted principally to the local Native 

community and had mostly Native members. 

Native cemeteries, graves, and totem poles are discussed briefly as further evidence of Native use 

and occupation in the communities. l':ative cemeteries and graves largely date from the historic period 

since Indian customs for disposing of the dead involved cremauon (with the exception of shaman's graves). 

Burial of the dead started after Christian churches came into the communities. Totem poles were in 

use in Wrangell and Ketchikan but not in other study communities; the northern Tlingit did not adopt 

that custom. 
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HtsroRv or NATIVE OcCUPATION AND UsE 

Profiles of Study Communities 

Haines 

The Thngit of Haines are largely Chilkoot and Chilkat Indians who trace their families back to several 

communities that existed in the area before the anival ofwhiiesettlers. Tbe modem communityofHainesthe site of which was selected with the approval of the Tlingit owners--began as a trading post, school, and 

mission established for Natives in 1881. A large village was formerly located on that site. The region's 

economy underwent a rapid transformation, particularly during and after the Klondike gold rush of 1897-

98, and Chilkoot and Chilkat people moved into Haines from the outlying areas. The Native people came 

into town partly because they wanted education and jobs, but also because diseases and natural disasters 

had affected outlying Native communities. Tbe Native community at Haines has been a stable component 

throughout the history of the modem town of Haines. 

Haines Traditional Native Settlement 

The principal Chilkoot village was along both banks of the Chilkoot River close to its outlet from Chilkoot 

Lake. The existence of a large prehistoric village, as well as historic houses, fishing platforms, fish weirs, 

smokehouses, cemeteries, grave sites, shamans' burials, and caves with pictographs have been documented 

in the area. Another large village was located on the Chilkat River about three miles from the center of the 

modem town of Haines. About equal numbers of Chilkoot and Chilkat Indians lived there. A third village 

was occupied on Chilkoot Inlet where the tank farm was later constructed in modem Haines. 

Identifiable Native Area in Early Haines 

The main Native community at Haines was known as "the village" and was located along the shore in 

Portage Cove just north of Main Street. Historical photographs from the tum of the century show a line of 

small, modem houses in a row, with smokehouses in front across the path of the beach. Another area of 

Native occupation was on mission land along Main Street. But by the 1920s, Natives had also moved to 

other areas of town. 

Haines Indian land Reservation or Exclusion 

Between 1913 and 1918 four reservations for the use of Haines and Klukwan Indians were created 

under executive orders of the President. Tbose included land around the Klukwan village and areas along 

the banks of the Chilkat River, used by Natives from both communities. One of these, the Yendistucky 

Reserve, was three miles from Haines and covered 144 acres. The executive order establishing the 

Yendistucky Reserve said, "A large part of the area is secured by the claim of the Natives by long occupation 

for use fortheir subsistence .... Other parts contain a large number of graves of their ancestors and kindred . 

. . . "(Executive Order No. 2388, May 25, 1916, U.S. Survey 908). 

Indian Possessions in Haines Townsite 

On the originall918 plat of the Haines townsite, there were four "Native" and three "Indian possession" 

tracts. Much of this land was not deeded until the 1950s. 

49 
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HISTORY OF NATIVE Occur AnoN AND UsE 

50 

Haines Churches or Missions Serving Natives 

In 1881 the Presbyterian Church staned as a mission to the Chilkoot and Chilkat Indians. It opened 

and closed twice between 1882 and 1891, but in 1893 the Haines Presbyterian Church was formally 

organized. Church records show regular addition of new Native members through 1970, although local 

residents repon that in the 1930s the church began turning away from its former close relationship with 

the Native community, segregating church services and establishing a separate Sunday school for Natives. 

The Salvation Army Church came to Haines after 1912. Many Native residents became members of 

the Haines Native Army band. The Salvation Army still serves the Native community in Haines today. 

Haines Government Schools for Natives 

One of the first three government schools for Natives in Alaska was established in Haines in 1883, and 

it remained m operation until 1948. The school went only through the sixth grade, and for many years 

Natives who finished the sixth grade got no more education or had to leave home for boarding schools. 

Beg;nning in the 1920s, the Alaska Native Brotherhood in Haines was able to gain admission to the local 

public schools for a few Natives, but there was opposition in the community. 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Haines 

The Haines Progressive Club, a forenmner to the Haines Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood, 

was organized in 1916. The brotherhood was established in the early 1920s. A former officer of the 

brotherhood said in an interview that the goals of the organization were to obtain equal rights for Natives 

in Haines, end discriminalion in the schools and in the work place, gain the right to vote, and otherwise 

promote development of the Native community. In 1934, the brotherhood organized Native voters and 

a Native mayor was elected. The 1929 convention at whtch the Alaska Native Brotherhood decided to file 

land claims against the federal government was held in Haines, and the Haines brotherhood and sisterhood 

took pan in meetings and other activities associated with the land claims in later years. 

Haines IRA Council 

In 1941 Natives in Haines formed the Chilkoot Indian Association-a council set up under terms of the 

federal Indian Reorganization Act (IRA). The association attempted to have a reservation set aside for the 

Haines Indian village and submitted a petition to the Department of the Interior. The department had held 

hearings in Klukwan for a possible reservation and acknowledged that the Klukwan and Haines Natives "still 

use much of the tenitory in common" (Warne 1948), but no Haines village reservation was established. 

Tiingit and Haida Central Council in Haines 

In the 1960s Haines Natives participated in activities of the Tlingit and Haida Central Council through 

its association with the Klukwandelegation. Concerns over a proposal for a river crossing of a new highway 

in the Yendistucky Reserve prompted the Haines community to organize its own chapter of the council in 

1971, and the Haines community council has remained active since then. 

Haines Native Cemeteries and Grave Sites 

Eight historical Native cemeteries and two shamans' burials are in the Haines area. 
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HISTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

Ketchikan 

A Native village WliS located in an area on both sides of Ketchikan Creek before white settlers arrived. 

The mouth of Ketchikan Creek was a summer village for Tlingit families who put up fish from the huge 

runs of pink salmon that returned to the creek each year. Those large salmon runs also attracted the first 

white settlers, who built a saltery and cannery by the village in the 1880s. The Native school and mission 

erected on Indian land in the 1890s were the first such institutions established in the small town. The 

development of the salmon fishing industry, together with logging, milling, and merchant businesses, 

helped establish Ketchikan as a commercial center after the turn of the century. 

Economic growth attracted a large number ofTsimshians, and smaller numbers ofTiingit and Haida, 

to Ketchikan. The Tsimshians have remained the largest group in the Ketchikan Native community. A large 

area south of the commercial district became known as Indian town. Tbe decline of salmon stocks in some 

areas of Southeast Alaska and the construction of a large pulp mill at mid-century attracted a second wave 

of Native migration to Ketchikan. This time the new arrivals were from Tiingit and Haida communities on 

Prince ofWales Island. Today Ketchikan is home to the third largest Native community in Southeast Alaska. 

Ketchikan Traditional Native Settlement 

Before the arrival of white settlers, the mouth of Ketchikan Creek WliS a summer village to which Indian 

family groups regularly came to dry fish. They huilt large smokehouses which also served as their summer 

homes. The creek and the land around its mouth was owned by members of the Ganaxadi dan of the 

Tongass Kwan. 

Ketchikan Indian Land Reservation or Exclusion 

In the early 1900s the area on both sides of the mouth of Ketchikan Creek WliS occupied mainly by 

Natives, and they used the tidelands in front of the village for storing boats and gear and for access to the 

water. In 1905 the Department of the Interior reserved the tide flats on either side of Ketchikan Creek "for 

the use of the Natives of Alaska for landing places for canoes and other craft used by such Natives." The 

reserve WliS ineffective in stopping commercial development along the shore and on adjacent tidelands. The 

DOl took some action to stop encroachment on the tidelands, but by 1932 it held that DOl's statutory 

authority to reserve tidelands had been clouded by recent federal legislation that called for tidelands to be 

held in trust for a future state government. 

Early Ketchikan Native Community 

Originally Native homes in Ketchikan were clustered around the mouth of Ketchikan Creek In the 

1890s and early 1900s Native people began building small frame houses and cabins to replace the large 

smokehouses that had doubled as houses in the early days. After the tum of the century the Native 

population grew and began building houses on a hill along the creek and across on the opposite shoreline, 

down the beach. This area became known as Indian Town. Later the Tsimshians settled on the knoll 

overlooking Thomas Basin. In the 1920 and 1930s more Natives moved to Ketchikan and the Native 

community expanded inland above the knoll, into the area known as Mahoney Heights. 

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HtsroRv oF NATIVE OccUPATioN AND UsE 

52 

Ketchikan Indian Possessions and Native Townsite Lands 

When the survey of the Ketchikan townsite was approved in 1913, the townsite trustee issued deeds 

to all white occupants and to some persons of mixed Native-white blood. The retrulining lots were not 

deeded, and in the subsequent administration of the townsite, the Government Land Office (GLO) treated 

undeeded lands as Native possessions. Later, in the late 1920s, the GLO investigated the status of Nativeoccupied lots, including areas near the mouth of Ketchikan Creek and lots south of the creek that were not 

included in the Original townsite. The lots were surveyed, but no deeds had been issued to Natives as of 

1939, when a new townsite trustee called for another investigation because "there is interest to dispose of 

remaining lots within the townsite, including Native possessions. Many of the lots involved are very 

valuable ... "(Parks 1939). The Department of the Interior investigated the ownership of 33lots in the 

Native possessions and in 1941 reponed that about half remained in Native ownership and the rest had 

passed to whites. There is no funherrecord of actions on Native possessions until1957, when DO! began 

issuing deeds for another 38lots in the Native possessions. That activity continued through the late 1960s, 

but by that time much of the land was no longer occupied by Natives. 

Ketchikan Churches or Missions Serving Natives 

Five churches-two Episcopal churches, the Presbyterian Church, the Salvation Army Church, and 

the Catholic Church--were established roughly between 1900 and 1920 and served the Native community 

in Ketchikan. The Episcopal mission opened the first church and school in Ketchikan in 1898 in the Indian 

community, on the shore adjacent to the Native village. Later, when the lnthan members experienced 

segregation in church activities, the largely Tsimshian congregation formed a separate institution and built 

St. Elizabeth's Church in 1927. The Presbytenan Church in Ketchikan has its roots in Saxman, which was 

initiated as a Presbyterian mission in 1897. The church was later relocated to Ketchikan, because much of 

Saxman's early population moved there. lt was formally organized in 1925. The Salvation Army m1ssion 

was established in Ketchikan by the 1920s. That church was formed partly because the Native community 

was being exposed to conditions in Ketchikan's red light district, and partly because some Native members 

felt they were being excluded from participation in Ketchikan's older churches. 

Ketchikan Government Schools for Natives 

The Bureau of Education opened an Indian school in Ketchikan in 1923. The government school went 

only through the eighth grade, and Native students who wanted to go to high school largely attended 

boarding schools in Sitka and later Wrangell. The local public schools in Ketchikan were essentially 

closed to Natives until around 1930, when attorney William Paul won a court decision that essentially 

allowed Natives to attend the local public schools if they chose. However, Ketchikan residents interviewed 

for this report said it was not until the 1940s and 1950s that Natives hegan to feel better accepted in the 

public schools. 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Ketchikan 

As in most Southeast communities, the Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Ketchikan 

operated informally until the 1920s. Equal opportunity for Natives, particularly in education and 

employment, were long-standing goals of ANB activity in Ketchikan. The Ketchikan camp supported 

attorney William Paul in his 1929court case that won Natives the right toattendKetchikan'spubllcschools. 
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HtsroRY oF NATIVE OcCUPATION AND UsE 

Representatives of the Ketchikan camp also attended the historic 1929 ANB convention in Haines, when 

the ANB decided to sue the federal government over land claims. The local membership of the Ketchikan 

ANB declined in the 1930s and 1940s, when the ANB decided to pursue Tlingit and Haida land claims to 

the exclusion of the Tsirnshians. The Ketchikan camp was invigorated in the 1950s by new members who 

had moved to Ketchikan from Prince of Wales lsland. 

Ketchikan IRA Government 

The Native community in Ketchikan organized a government undertenns of the Indian Reorganization 

Act (IRA) in the 1930s. The constitution for the Ketchikan Indian Corporation was ratified in 1940. In the 

late 1930s and early 1940s the IRA helped members get loans to buy commercial fishing boats. It was 

inactive for a period, but was reactivated by new members in the 1950s, when more Natives moved to 

Ketchikan from Tllngit and Haida communities on Prince of Wales lsland. 

Tlingit and Haida Central Council in Ketchikan 

Ketchikan representatives attended the 1929 meeting in Haines when the ANB decided to file a court 

suit over land claims, and Ketchikan Natives also took part in organizational meetings of the Tlingit and 

Haida Indians of Alaska. After the U.S. Court of Claims decision in 1959, Ketchikan was actively involved 

in meetings and organizational proceedings of the Central CounciL Ketchikan Natives were among the 

organizing officers of the Central Council and setved on the council's executive committee, planning 

committee, and rules of elections committee in the 1960s. 

Ketchikan Totem Poles and Grave Sites 

Ketchikan has two principal totem poles-the Kyan and the ChiefJohnson poles--dating from the 

tum of the century. There are ah;o large collections of nineteenth century totem poles and grave carvings 

that were transferred from abandoned Tlingit and Haida villages on Tongass, Cat, Prince of Wales, 

and other islands. The Ketchikan Totem Heritage Center houses 39 poles, the Saxman Totem Park 25 

poles, and Mud Bight Village 13 poles. 

A large Native cemetery and burial site are located on Pennock Island. 

Petersburg 

Petersburg was a Native family fishing settlement when white settlers arrived at the tum of the century. 

Two homesteads acquired by the first white settler, Peter Buschmann, were located on either side of the 

Native fish camp on Hammer Slough. Other Native fish camps were south of town, in the Wrangell 

Narrows.ThesiteofaformervillagewasacrossthenarrowsatthemouthofPetersburgCreek.LocalNatives 

held jobs as fishermen and cannery workers for the cannery that opened at Petersburg around 1900. More 

Natives moved to Petersburg in the 1920s and later, when the town began to grow and prosper as a modem 

fishing community with a population dominated by people of Norwegian ancestry. Today the Native 

community in Petersburg includes many descendants of the early Indian migrants to Petersburg. 

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HisTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

54 

Petersburg Traditional Native Settlement 

Two villages were once located in the immediate vicinity ofPetersburg, but residents of those villages 

had amalgamated with people in the Wrangell community before white settlers <.'arne to the area. One 

village was at the mouth of Petersburg Creek and another across Frederick Sound in Thomas Bay. By the 

time white settlers arrived, Natives occupied seasonal camps that they had long used for drying fish, 

hunting, trapping, and gardening. 

Indian Occupancy of an Identifiable Area in the Early Petersburg 

Early in the century a cannery was opened at Petersburg. In 1902, 24!ndians fished for the cannery, 

and Natives continued to fish and work in the cannery in subsequent years. The early Native residents of 

Petersburg came from small settlements in the area and from Kake and Wrangell. Natives lived and moored 

their boats in an area of small cabins next to the cannery and on the north side of Hammer Slough, up the 

hill behind the waterfront. That latter area became the center of the Native community in Petersburg, and 

was known as "Indian Street" or "Indian Bridge." 

Petersburg Indian Possessions and Native Townsite Lands 

The Petersburg townsite sutvey was approved in 1919 and included three lots in Indian possessions 

and a Native allotment. The city of Petersburg gained ownership of two of the Indian possession lots, and 

a de_,cendant of the original indian owner deeded the third to the Petersburg Moose Club. 

Churches or Missions to Serve Natives 

The first organized church in Petersburg was the Salvation Army, which started activity in the Native 

community in 1909. A prominent Indian from Wrangell took charge of the church in 19!3 and was 

responsible for organizing the construction-with Indian labor-{)[ the Salvation Army Hall, which stood 

on Indian Street. The Salvation Army has been active continuously in Petersburg since its inception, and 

it has maintained its emphasis on the ]ower-income and Native populations. 

The Petersburg Tlingit Presbyterian Church was established at the request of the Indian community 

in 1924. It was organized with a T1ingit governing body and congregation, and it retained that ethnic 

character through the 1950s. In the 1 940s, when the church was without a minister, a leader of the Tlingit 

community was instrumental in convincing the state church to station another minister in the town. The 

name of the church was changed to the First Presbyterian Church in 1947, a change that reflected the 

church's shifting orientation to a wider segment of Petersburg's population. 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Petersburg 

The Petersburg camps of the Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood were formally organized in 

the early 1920s--about the same time as in other Southeast communities. A lang.-time resident interviewed 

for this report said that in the J 930s the Petersburg camp worked for equal access to schools and other 

facilities and for land claims. Petersburg was represented at the 1929 A~B meeting in Haines when the ANB 

decided to file suit against the federal government over land claims. A very prominent leader of the 

PetersburgANS in the 1940s and 1950s was Amy Hallingstad, who was elected camp president seven times 

and worked for [and claims, integration of the local schools, union organization of cannery workers, and 

the abolition of fish traps. In 1955 and in 1970 the ANB annual conventions were held in Petersburg. 
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HisTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

Petersburg Government Schools for Natives 

A government school (through eighth grade) for Natives was open in Petersburg for most of the period 

from 1904 to 1937. Students who wanted to attend high schools first went to boarding schools as far away 

as Oregon and Washington, but later to Sheldon Jackson School in Sitka and the Wrangell Institute in 

Wrangell. In 1937, Native students won the right to attend local public schools in Petersburg. 

IRA Organization in Petersburg 

The Petersburg IRA, named the Petersburg Indian Association, was organized and approved in 1948. 

Initially the organization mainly helped Natives get loans to buy fishing boats. 

Tlingit and Haida Central Council in Petersburg 

The Petersburg Indian community participated in meetings ofTiingit and Haida Indians in the early 

years of the land claims action, but later (in the 1950s) it supported the land claims mainly through the 

Petersburg camp ofthe Alaska Native Sisterhood. After the 1959 decision of the U.S. Court of Claims, 

Petersburg formed a Tiingit and Haida community council and took part in fonnation of the Central 

Council. In 1967 Petersburg delegates were elected to the executive committee of the Central Council, and 

Petersburg remains a listed community of the central committee. 

Petersburg Native Cemeteries and Grave Sites 

A cemetery with Native graves dating from 1911 to about 1930 is across the narrows from Petersburg, 

behind Sasby Island. The site is included as a Native cemetery site in Sealaska regional corporation's 

compilation of Native historical and cemetery sites in Southeast Alaska. 

Tenakee 

A Tlingit village was located at the Tenakee hot springs when white settlers arrived around 1900. The 

village and the surrounding area, including Tenakee Inlet, were owned and occupied by members of the 

Wooshkeetan clan. The development of a small commercial fishing industry at Tenakee attracted more 

Tlingit families to the area in the 1920s and 1930s. 

Early in the century the federal government had established the Tongass National Forest throughout 

much of Southeast Alaska, including the area around Tenakee. In 1935, the federal government issued an 

executive land order that recognized the Native community at Tenakee as "an Indian settlement" and 

excluded it from the national forest. The Native population at Tenakee declined in the 1940s and 1950s 

with the decline in the commercial fisheries. Some Natives also moved to other places where their children 

could have a chance to go to high school. 

Tenakee Traditional Native Settlement 

The village ofTenakee, or Tenakee Springs, is situated at a hot springs that was the location of a Tlingit 

village before the whites arrived. The Thngit village at that location was recognized in the 1891 U.S. 

Coast Pilot, which reported "a small Native village" and said that Tenakee Inlet was "constantly used by 

55 
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H:tsroRY OF NATIVE OccuPATION AND UsE 

56 

the Indians in their journeys from Chatham Strait to Pott Frederick." The village was also reponed by the 

operator of a saltery in the area in 190L The operator described the actions of the local clan leader, who 

assetted ownership of fishing sites in Tenakee Inlet. 

Occupancy ofldentifiable Area in Early Tenakee 

Several Tlingit families lived in Tenakee at the tum of the century. Some lived in the area known as 

Indian village, which was near the modem boat harbor, and some remained in the original location near 

the hot springs. In the l920sand I 930s the Native population grew as more Natives moved in from nearby 

communities to take advantage of jobs with the two canneries at Tenakee. Some of those new Native 

residents moved into the Indian VIllage. 

Tenakee Indian land Reservation or Exclusion 

The Indian village at Tenakee was recognized as an "Indian settlement" in an executive order of 

President Franklin Roosevelt in 1935. That order excluded the village from the Tongass National Forest. 

Native rights to the village tract were reaffirmed in 1965, when the BLM turned down a non-Native 

application for a trade and manufacturing site there, noting that "possessory rights to this tract are claimed 

and that the lands have been used and occupied by these Indian people for many years" (Peters 1965). 

Tenakee Churches or Missions Serving Natives 

Native residents built their own church in Tenakee in the 1920s or 1930s. Local residents credit Charlie 

Walters, an old-time Native resident, with starting the church by donating land for a building and urging 

local residents to build a church. Community members began meeting in the hall, which later became 

a Salvation Army HalL Nearly all Native families in Tenakee belonged to the Salvation Army Church 

in the 1940s and the church was active there unnll950, when the Salvation Army Hall burned. It did not 

reopen because about that time the local economy went into decline and Natives began moving to 

other communities. 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Tenakee 

Tenakee had an active ANBcamp from the 1920s to about 1950. Tenakee ANBmembersattended the 

1929 meeting in Haines, where the ANB decided to sue the federal government over land claims, and the 

1941 meeting of the Tlingit and llaida Indians in Wrangell, at which the group approved a contract with 

attorneys to pursue the land claims case. After the 1940s ANB membership declined as residents left 

Tenakee to look for jobs elsewhere. Lawyers pursuing the land claims case included Tenakee on their 

mailing list through the early I 950s. 

Tenakee Native Cemeteries and Grave Sites 

Opposite the Indian village at Tenakee is a small island the Native community uses as its principal burial 

area. A second, smaller cemetery is near the town of Tenakee on Chichagoflsland. There is another burial 

site across the inlet on a small island notth of Kadashan Bay. 
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HisTORY oF NATIVE OccurATION AND UsE 

Wrangell 

Before white settlers and traders came to the area, Wrangell was the site of a summervillage of the Stikine 

kwan, the largest and most powerful of the southern Tlingit tribal groups. In the 1830s and 1840s, when the 

first white settlement was established at Wrangell, the Tlingit population was estimated to be several thousand. 

Except for Sitka, Wrangell has the longest history of contact with non-Natives in Southeast Alaska. In the 

nineteenth century, Wrangell was an important trading center for Natives from Alaska and Canada and a 

transit point to gold fields in the interior. Over the years, Wrangell developed as a predominantly white town. 

Natives from other Tlingit and Haida communities in the region moved to Wrangell to take advantage of jobs 

and schools there. As a result, the Native community in Wrangell today has diverse origins. 

Wrangell Traditional Village Site 

In the nineteenth century the Stikine Tiingit occupied many villages and camps in a large area around 

what is now Wrangell. Wrangell was a summer village owned and occupied by the Naanyaa.aayi clan of 

the Stikine Kwan. A leading member of the clan gave the Russian penrtission to establish the first trading 

post in Wrangell. 

Occupancy of Identifiable Area in Early Wrangell 

The ten Stikine clans lived in separate areas along the south shore surrounding the modem-day harbor 

in Wrangell. This large village area was described by the early American military authorities and 

missionaries in the 1860s and 1870s. The 1906 subdivisional survey of the Wrangell townsite identified 

Indian possessions in this area. Another expanse of Indian occupation has existed since the 1870s. Located 

north of town and separated from the Stikine settlements by the white settlement, this was the home of 

numerous Indian migrants to Wrangell. It became known in the local Indian community as the "foreign" 

town. and was the locus of trade and settlement for members of other kwan who came to Wrangell. Native 

people from Craig, Klawock, Hydaburg, Kake, Ketchikan, Sitka, Haines, and other villages-and from 

cannery sites in the area--established residence in Wrangell. 

Wrangell Indian Possessions and Native Townsite Lands 

The map of the original Wrangell townsite from 1906 identifies Native possessions in twelve townsite 

blocks, including areas around Wrangell Harbor, on the northern and southern peninsulas of the harbor, 

all of Shakes Island, and extending northward along Front Street. In 1926 the Wrangell townsite trustee was 

authorized to subdivide the Indian Viilage and issue deeds to Native occupants. The village was subdivided 

into 104 lots. In 1931, thetrusteeissued23 deeds to Natives, eightdeedstootherswhowerenot local Natives, 

and decided that whites had gained legal possession of20 lots. The remaining lots were held in trust for future 

settlement by Natives. By 1958, townsite records indicate that Indians held about 53 percent of the Native 

possession lots, non-Natives another 44 percent, and 3 percent remained undeeded. 

Wrangell Churches or Missions Serving Natives 

The Presbyterians organized the first church and school in Wrangell in 1877, with its primary mission 

to the Native community. Later, after some white residents asked for segregated services, some Native 

members left that church and built their own. That church ultimately became St. Elizabeth's Episcopal 

Church. It provided activities for Native youth and started a high school for Native boys. Church records 

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HisTORY OF NATIVE OcaJPATION AND UsE 

58 

indicate the congregation ''"'s largely Native through the 19 50s. Native residents also organized a corps 

of the Salvation Army in Wrangell before the tum of thecentury,and Wrangell was the army's headquarters 

for Alaska, the Yukon, and part of British Columbia until 1939. 

Wrangell Government Schools for Natives 

The Bureau of Education (BOE) opened Wrangell's first public school in 1885. At first mostly Native 

but also some non-Native children attended; the BOE opened a separate school forwhite children in 190 l. 

The BOE and its successor, the Bureau of Indian Affairs, operated an elementary school for Natives in 

Wmngell untill932. The B!A opened the Wrangell Institute in 1932. The institute was a boarding high 

school for Native students and operated untill975. 

Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood in Wrangell 

Wrangell Natives began organizing a camp of the Alaska Native Brotherhood in 1913, and Wrangell 

wasformallyrecognizedasanANBcampin l92l.ln 1922, the WrangellANBandANStookupacollection 

to support attorney William Paul in a test case for Native voting rights. Paul was representing a Wrangell 

Native who had been denied the right to vote and who had been arrested when he challenged authoJities 

at the polls. Paul's client was found not guilty, and the light of Indians to vote in Alaska was accepted in 

practice. The A'•lB hall became the social center forthe Indian community in WrangelL In 1935, Wrangell 

hosted the organizational meeting of delegates establishing the Tlingit and Haida Central Council, which 

was formed to help advance the land claims suit against the federal government. 

IRA Organization in Wrangell 

Wrangell formed an IRAorganizatkm, the Wrangell Cooperative .Association, in 1948. The organization 

helped Native fishermen get loans to buy boats, and at least one Native received a loan to finance a shop 

Tlingit and Haida Central Council in Wrangell 

Wrangell participated in all the meetings involving tribal corrununities and representatives involved 

in the Tlingit and Haida land claims suit against the federal government. As noted above, it hosted the 

organizational meeting of delegates establishing the Thngit and Haida Central Council in 1935, and in 1941 

it hosted the meeting at which the Tiingit and Haida Indians approved a contract with attorneys pursuing 

the land claims. After the favorable decision in the case in 1959, two competing groups in Wrangell 

established community councils to represent Wrangell in the Tiingit and Haida Indians of Alaska; after 

several years one group prevailed. 

Wrangell Totem Poles, Indian Cemeteries, and Grave Sites 

The use of totem poles was well established among the Stikine Tlingit by the early nineteenth century, 

and many important poles originated in WrangelL These include the Shakes totems, associated with the 

Shakes family (including a succession of Chief Shakes); the Kadashan poles (in honor of a prominent Haida 

peacemaker from Wrangell); the Kiksadi pole (commissioned in memory of a Kiksadi chief in Wrangell); 

and the Shustak pole (originally erected on Shustak Point to honor a dead chieD. 

One large and several smaller burial and cemetery sites in Wrangell attest to Tiingit occupancy of the 

area, and to the influence of the missionaries, from the 1880s. The largest is south of the old \1llage. 
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HisTORY OF NATIVE OccuPATION AND UsE 

Comparison of Communities 

We now tum to a comparison of the five study communities described above and the Southeast 

communities that were recognized under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). Section 16 

of ANCSA listed ten Southeastern villages that had participated in the Tlingit and Haida claims settlement 

and that were also considered eligible to form village corporations: Angoon, Craig, Hoonah, Hydaburg, 

Kake, Kasaan, Klawock, Klukwan, Saxman, and Yakutat. Section 14(h)3 provided special consideration 

for two more Southeastern communities, Juneau and Sitka, that were classified as "modem and urban" 

communities. Juneau and Sitka were also entitled to form corporations and select land under the act, but 

their benefits differed from those of village corporations. 

For this comparison of the recognized communities and the study communities we present comparative information for communities of similar size, ethnicity, and history. For the most part, we compare 

the five study communities with fourrecognized ANCSA communities: juneau, Sitka, Craig, and Kasaan. 

We compare Haines, Ketchikan, and Wrangell principally with Juneau and Sitka. Petersburg can be 

contrasted with Craig, and to a lesser extent with Juneau and Sitka. Tenakee can be assessed relative to 

Kasaan. Where significant and useful differences exist between the study communities and other 

recognized ANCSA communities in Southeast, we note those differences. 

The aim of this discussion is to present salient facts indicating similarities and differences among 

communities, based on the criteria listed earlier. We do not attempt to reach a conclusion for each topic 

or category of information presented. Instead, we consider the picture that emerges from all the criteria 

taken together. These comparisons indicate significant historical similarities between the five study 

communities and various other Southeast communities, based on the above described criteria ofhistorical 

use and occupancy. 

Indian Setdements At Sites of Modern Communities 

All five of the study communities are located on sites of Tiingit settlements that were present before 

whitesettlerscametothearea.Threeweresummervillagesandfishcamps,whiletwo(HainesandTenakee) 

were winter villages. 

The recognized communities of]uneau, Sitka, Craig, and Kasaan had similar settlement patterns 

before the arrival of non-Natives. Sitka was the site of a principal village of the Sitka kwan when the Russians 

erected a fort next to the Tlingit village in 1801. The Russians settled there with the permission of the Tiingit 

owners, according to one repon (Krause 1956:30). The Sitkans destroyed the fort later in the year, but the 

Russians returned with gunships and re-established the settlement in a new location nearby in 1804. The 

Sitka Native community has had the longest contittuous contact with non-Natives in Southeast Alaska. 

The town of]uneau was established on the site of a fish camp owned by a clan of the Auk kwan at the 

mouth of"FlounderCreek," which today is known as Gold Creek The "discovery" of]uneau was described 

by the late Austin Hammond, a tribal leader of the Chilkoot Luka~.adi clan. He said the area was rich in 

natural resources, which is why Native people lived there. Two white men arrived, looking for gold. They 

were hungry and asked for food, and they were fed by the Auk Indians living at the mouth of Flounder 

Creek. While they were in the Indians' house, they noticed a box containittg some gold and learned that 

59 
325 


Insert offset folio 364 here 98942A.308

HISTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

60 

it was from the river (Flounder Creek). They prospected in the river and soon made a strike. Juneau thus 

began as a gold rush town in !880. It grew rapidly and soon replaced Sitka as the seat of the territorial 

government. The Thngit name for Juneau is Tsa'ntik't-hin (Swanton 1908:397). 

The Haida community at Craig was founded in about 191 Owhen a white man named Craig Millar built 

a saltery and cold storage plant there. By 1912, a cannery had been erected on the site, which is named 

"Shaan-Seet" in Tlingit (Langdon 1977: 152). The new town was established directly across from a small 

former village on Fish Egg Island, and it was called by that name ("Fish Egg") in the early school reports. 

Located six miles from Klawock, the community was first settled by Haida and Tlingit from nearby 

communities, and it has been associated with the Haida tribe since its beginning. Natives were in the 

minority in the early years. 

Kasaan was one of the first Haida communities to be established in Alaska and was perhaps the second 

largest Haida village-after Howkan-in the immediate pre-contact period (Langdon 1977: 119-20). The 

only Haida village on the eastern coast of Prince of Wales Island, Kasaan appears in early historical 

photographs that show houses of traditional and modem construction styles, as well as totem poles. In 

1901, the manager of a mining company encouraged residents of the village to move about five miles to 

the site of a new village. The manager offered to help lay out a new village, provide permanent annual 

employment, and construct a school and a church. He also said he would prevent saloons from locating 

in the vicinity Qackson 1908). After conferring with Bureau of Education officials and the territorial 

governor, who promised to establish a school there, villagers moved to the place which was originally 

known as "New Kasaan," but is now referred to as Kasaan. 

What is common to all these communities--the study communities and the recognized Southeast 

communities--is that modem communities were established directly on, or in close proximity to, areas 

and sites in use as Native settlements and camps. Non -Natives were drawn to these places by minerals, fish, 

timber, and other resources. Indian settlement patterns were characterized by seasonal population 

dispersal and aggregation. The comparative information indicates that the actual sites of Southeastern 

villages and larger towns were often determined by the location of non-Native commercial activities or 

because of the active encouragement of school and church authorities, or both.t 

A notable example is the ANCSA-recognizedcommunity of Hydaburg, which was established in 1911 

through the substantial influence and involvement of the Bureau of Education (BOE). This community, 

modeled on the Christian community at Metlakatla, came into being through BOE's efforts to consolidate 

the traditional communities of Howkan and Klinquan on western Prince of Wales Island, and to provide 

opportunities to the younger residents there to adopt western ways unencumbered by opposition from 

elders and tmditionalists. ln return for leaving their tmditional communities, the BOE provided new 

residents with assistance in moving and constructing the new village, with efforts to establish a reservation, 

and with financial assistance for the development of commercial enterprises (a cannery and sawmill). 

1 The influence of these factors on village location is not limited to the Southeastern region. Similar outcomes occurred in 

all regions of the state. 
326 


Insert offset folio 365 here 98942A.309

--------------------------------

HisTORY oF NATIVE OccuPATION AND UsE 

Indian Occupancy of Identifiable Areas in the Early Towns 

In all five of the study communities, there were one or more areas local residents considered to be 

"Indian villages" or "Indian towns." Often these places corresponded with actual or proposed reservations, 

and with the locations of Indian possessions in the townsite. 

In Juneau and Sitka, the Indian community was similarly identified with geographic areas of town. 

Tlingits occupied a large area on the beach in front of the early town of Juneau. Within a year of the gold 

strike in juneau, a large influx of miners and prospectors and an even larger influx of Natives took place. 

In 188 I there were already !50 whites and 450 Indians in juneau. (See Smythe l989b for more information 

on the early history of]uneau.) 

The area around Gold Creek, or "Flounder Creek" as it was known to the Tlingits, was associated with 

the Indian community and particularly with the Auk kwan throughout the history of juneau. Although 

most residents of the "Auk village" district, now largely a business and office district close to downtown, 

have been displaced by subsequent developments, the area is still associated with the Auk kwan. Indian 

families live there today. 

In Sitka, two areas were occupied by Indians. The "Indian village" was the original Sitka kwan 

settlement, a large area along the beach. In 1914,judge Wickersham wrote that "This Indian village has 

existed where it now stands for more than a century.lt was laid out under the eye o[Baranof, the first Russian 

Governor of Alaska, and has been kept up and occupied by the Sitka Indians and their children from that 

day to the present." 

The other area of Native occupancy in Sitka was known as "the Cottages." It was associated with the 

Sheldon jackson School. Graduates were given plots efland, encouraged to erect single-family structures 

and to live apan from the traditional influence of"the village." The mission school authorities taught that 

smaller, modem-style houses were free ti·om disease and more progressive than the "communal" homes 

that were common in the village. The missionartes believed the communal houses had a "back-pulling 

influence" on the young graduates (Annual School Reports, 191 7 -18). 

The villages of Craig and Kasaan had more dispersed and mixed settlement patterns. Initially ( 1920), 

Natives were in the in the minority in Craig, but they became the majority by 1930 and Craig has remained 

predominantly Native through subsequent years. There were Native homes throughout the community. 

Native residents in Kasaan were likewise dispersed throughout the village. This more integrated residence 

pattern contrasted with that in the larger towns, in which the early Native communities were geographically-ru; well as economically, socially, and culturally-segregated from the non-Native areas. 

Land Reservation or Exclusion from the Tongass National Forest 

In the early decades of the century the Bureau of Education began establishing land reservations for 

Natives. These reservations were to protect the Indian communities from encroachment on and 

appropriation of Indian-owned land by non-Natives and to provide Natives an opportUnity to develop 

businesses free from competition with whites, who were more experienced in business. Federal land 

reservations were made by Executive Order in the study communities of Haines and Ketchikan, as 

described earlier. Additional land reservations were made in the ANCSA-recognized villages of Hydaburg 

(1912), Klawock (1914) and Klukwan (1915). 

61 
327 


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HisTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

62 

The tidelands reserve to protect Ketchikan Natives' use of and access to the tidelands was described 

earlier. There were similar concerns over the protection of tidelands in front of the Auk Village in] uneau, 

although a reserve was not created there. In 1916, for example, some of the Indian residents protested 

against encroachments on their waterfront. A local attorney wrote the Secretary of the Department of the 

Interior (DOl) about their concerns: the electric company had built a pipeline on pilings which ran out in 

front of the village; white residents had put up houses on pilings which went over onto village tidelands; 

and a road had been built on pilings in front of the village, creating an obstacle to the beach and preventing 

all but small boats from reaching the shore. The attorney wrote, "The beach and waterfront has been the 

landing place and harbor for the Indians for more than thirty years" (Folsom 1916). 

The matter of tidelands protection was referred to the attorney general. In 1918 he replied that the 

regional attorney general had established two lines at either end of the village, extending out to deep water, 

and ordered that no obstructions or structures be erected between them (Kearful1918). The tidelands in 

the juneau Indian village were still under federal protection in I 960, according to George W. Abbott, 

a DO! solicitor. He issued an opinion pertaining to proposed development of the area, and found that title 

to the ten acres of tidelands in the village "must be retained by the federal government" instead of being 

transferred to the state under the statehood act, as had been expected (Alaska Daily Empire 12/29/60). 

As described earlier, the Indian village in the study community of Tenakee was excluded from the 

Tongass National Forest under a federal land order in 1935. This exclusion prevented outsiders from 

subsequently entertng on the land and using it for commercial or other purposes that were allowed in the 

national forest. The Indian village at theANCSA-recognizedcommunityofKasaan was likewise eliminated 

from the national forest in the 1930s because it was a Haidacommunitydating from the tum of the century. 

However, the original parcel was patented to the miner who acquired the tract as a trade and manufacturing 

site. The ANCSA-recognized town of Craig was at first included within the Tongass :-lational Forest, but 

in 1922 the townsite was eliminated from the national forest to enable townspeople to apply for ownership 

deeds Previously, residents had leased their lots from the Forest Service (Langdon 1977:156). 

School reserves for government Indian schools were also made in most communities in Southeast 

Alaska, including the study communities of Petersburg, Wrangell, and Haines, as well as Sitka, juneau, 

Douglas, Kake, Chilkat, Killisnoo, Tee Harbor, Klukwan, Shakan, Klawock, Kasaan, Saxman, Klinquan, 

and Howkan (Warne l948b). 

Indian Possessions and Native Townsite Lands 

The study communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell had Indian possession lands 

identified wheruhe townsites were first established. Haines, Ketchikan, and Wrangell had the largest areas 

that were defined in this way, while Petersburg had only a few lots. There is no record oflndian possessions 

in the Tenakee townsite, but an area outside the townsite was excluded from the Tongass National Forest 

because it was occupied as an Indian village. 

In comparison, the oliginal townsite of the ANCSA-recognized community of]uneau had no areas 

recognized as Indian possessions, while Sitka had only three such tracts totaling less that one acre. This is 

explained by the fact that the Indian villages were located outside the original townsite surveys. In both 

communities, later surveys subdivided the Indian villages and awarded deeds to the Native owners. 
328 


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HISTORY OF NATIVE OcCUPATION AND USE 

The Sitka Indian village was first surveyed in 1941, but the survey was not completed until1957, when 

a supplemental survey of areas left out of the initial survey was approved. Deeds were still being issued 

in the 1960s, in both restricted and unrestricted form. In juneau, a special act of Congress (P.L 88-34) 

passed on May 29, 1963 (77 Stat. 52) authorized the survey and establishment of a townsite forthe Juneau 

Indian village, which was partially located on filled-in tidelands. The village, which covered 3.5 acres, was 

surveyed in 1963 or 1964, and deeds were awarded beginning in 1965. 

Under the laws and regulations governing the administration of townsite lands occupied by 

Natives, there was no difference between the study communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg and 

Wrangell, on the one hand, and Sitka, juneau, orany village that was classified as an Indian townsite, such 

as Kasaan. With regard to the administration of Indian possessions, in this case in Ketchikan, BLM officials 

repeatedly stated that the administrative procedures ofNative townsites were held to "automatically apply" 

(Parks 1939; Stegner 1958; Gustafson 1972). 'The Natives of Ketchikan are considered the same as any 

'nonnal' townsite such as the Natives of Sitka, juneau or Barrow. The same rules and regulations apply" 

(Gustafson 1972). 

However, the townsites of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell were established by nonNatives and patented before the 1926 Native townsite law was enacted and before citizenship (and voting) 

rights were granted to Natives in 19242 Townsite trustees sometimes (as described in the community 

histories) transferred Indian possession lands within the townsitestonon-Natives, and local governments 

sometimes seized Indian possession lands for tax delinquency3 In juneau and Sitka, as well as in the 

study community ofTenakee, the Indian villages were afforded better protection because they were outside 

the townsites. 

Craig was very similar to Petersburg in the recognition of Indian possessions in the original townsite. 

The town of Craig was incorporated in 1922 by the mostly white residents, and by 1931 all townsite lots 

had been disposed of. The administrative records of the townsite make no mention of Indian residents, nor 

are any Indian possessions identified. Similarly, in Petersburgtherewereonlythree lots identified as Indian 

possessions, and there was no Native participation in incorporation. In Craig, Petersburg, and Wrangell, 

all unclaimed lots were treated according to procedures followed in non-Native towns: public sale of 

unclaimed lots and subsequent transfer to the municipality of any that remained. In describing the early 

development of Craig, Langdon (1977:158) made the point that "Craig's founding and early settlement 

clearly made it a white man's town." The subsequent history of Craig differed from that of Petersburg, 

however, since the Native population of Craig became the majority, while Petersburg continued to be a 

"white man's town." 

2In this period, Indians did not have the right to vote unless they had a certificate of citi.zenship. (This remedy was available 

if the Narlve met the requirements of a 1915 territorial act which provided a mechanism to acquire citizenship). 3 DOl regulations in 1908 provided that Indian or Native Alaskan possessions shall not be assessed or conveyed by the 

trustee pending future legislation contemplated for this purpose in the Organic Act of 1891 (which authorized the establishment 

of townsires). Hence, Native tracts wirhin townsites were designated as Indian possessions and were excluded from patent to 

the townsite trustee, with title remaining with the government The authority to convey title to such land was provided in the 

Act of 1926, which ordered the survey and disposal oflndianor Eskimo possessions(and the issuing of a patent to the townsite 

trustee for the Native townsite if not already in place). Indian possessions in Southeastern communities were deeded under this 

legislation, as long as a chain of occupancy back to the date of the survey could be demonstrated. 

63 
329 


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HISTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

64 

Like the Indian village in Tenakee, the Kasaan Indian Village was eliminated from the Tongass National 

Forest (U.S. Survey 1896, accepted in 1939). By this time, the economic mainstay of Kasaan was fishing. 

Townsite records show that the Pacific American Fisheries operated a cannery in Kasaan on the trade and 

manufacturing site that was originally awarded to the Kasaan Mining Company in 1902. After 1939, the 

Kasaan Indian village (townsite) was subdivided into 5 blocks containing 45 lots. 

That subdivision in the Kasaan Indian village took place shortly after the Tenakee village was eliminated 

from the national forest However, elimination from the national forest by itself did not confer townsite 

status or provide a means for the owners to acquire formal title. Residents had to make further application 

to the BLM forthe establishment and administration of a townsite. There is no infonmation in the Tenakee 

townsite file which suggests that an addition was made-orthata separate application was filed-to include 

the Indian village elimination in the original Tenakee townsite. The area at Tenakee remained in use as an 

Indian village, with its land held by the federal government 

As occurred in Tenakee, the fishing economy in Kasaan declined in the early 1950s, and many Indian 

residents moved to other communities, panicularly Ketchikan. According to an OEDP report, "With the 

closure of the cannery in 1953, the population dwindled to just a handful of people." But the inhabitants 

returned to Kasaan after it was recognized as a village in ANCSA The report continues, "In 1971 Kasaan 

was declared a village under the AlaskaN ative Claims Settlement Act, eligible to receive benefits on behalf 

of its shareholders. With confidence restored in the community, people began moving back. The corporate 

headquaners of Kavilco, Inc., the village corporation for Kasaan, was located there in 1974. Then in 

February 19 7 6 the community was organized under State law as a second-class city, electing seven council 

members, with the mayor elected by the council" (Kasaan 1977). Later (in 1981) the one remaining tract 

in the village townsite was subdivided into 26 lots. 

Government Schools for Indians 

There were Indian schools (run first by the Bureau of Education and later by the Bureau of Indian 

Affairs) in the study communities of Haines (I 881-1948), Ketchikan (1923-48), Petersburg ( !904-3 7), 

and Wrangell (1885-32) (Barnhardt 1985). Those federal agencies also operated Indian schools in all 

twelve of the Southeast communities recognized by ANCSA. In addition, the BOE and later the BIA 

operated Indian schools in thirteen other villages and towns in Southeast Alaska. Indian schools in A::--JCSArecognized and in other communities included: 

ANCSA Communities Other Communities 

Angoon Haines Metlakatla 

Craig Ketchikan Treadwell 

Hoonah Petersburg Tee Harbor 

Hydaburg Wrangell Shakan 

juneau Chilkoot Skagway 

Kake Douglas 

Kasaan Dye a 

Klawock Howkan 

Klukwan Killisnoo 

Saxman Klinquan 

Sitka Loring 

Yakutat Louden 
330 


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HisTORY oF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

Tenakee Indians were served by a territorial schooL Tenakee is similar to Craig in its school history~ 

There was a BOEschool in Craig forthreeyears(l91 0-13), but it was also served by a territorial school from 

1905-35~ The school was transferred to the city school district after 1935 (ibid.)~ 

The Wrangell Institute, a BIA boarding high school, operated in Wrangell from 1935 until1975. There 

was one other boarding high school for Natives in Southeast Alaska--the Sheldon jackson School in Sitka. 

However, that was a private institution operated by the Presbyterian Church~ The Sheldon jackson high 

school remained open untill975; the institution continues today as a college. 

Churches and Missions Serving Indians 

In all of the five communities investigated in this study, the first church to organize in the town was 

a Native church, in the sense that the institution was either staned as a mission to the Natives or established 

by the Natives themselves. In three of the communities, the church mission also established the first school 

in the emerging towns and those schools were specifically for Native children. In four of the five study 

communities, Natives contributed their own scarce cash and provided labor to help erect church buildings~ 

The establishment of the first American schools in Southeast Alaska is associated with missionary 

activity in the region. Sheldon jackson was placed in charge of the Presbyterian effons in Alaska in 1877, 

after which schools were opened. The first Protestant mission in Alaska was opened in Wrangell in 1877 

by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions~ Its purpose was to serve the Native community, and a school 

was an integral pan of the mission. The next school to open was in Sitka, also under the Presbyterians~ In 

1881, a school was opened in Haines by Mrs. Dickenson, an educated Tongass woman from the Wrangell 

mission, who taught there until a missionary (Mrs. Willard) relieved her. Another school was established 

in 1881 in Hoonah, also by the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. By 1882, there were six Presbyterian 

mission schools and one of another denomination in the Southeast region (Drucker 1958:12-3). 

The Presbyterian mission activity was modeled on the Metlakatla community, which combined 

Christian teaching with education, put a value on individual effon, and directly opposed Native language 

and customs. "In the gestation pertod of Presbyterian missions, !rom 1877 to 1885, jackson and his 

lieutenants often identified Duncan's success as a model of what Americans might likewise achieve nonh 

of 54 40" (Hinckley 1961: 198). In 1885, when he was appointed federal General Agent for Education in 

Alaska, jackson opened govenunent schools in juneau, Sitka, Wrangell, Howkan, Hoonah, and Haines, 

and continued with the subsequent BOE effons described above. The jackson orientation toward a 

Christian education is evident in annual reports of school teachers from many communities well into 

this century~ 

Other denominations also staned schools for Natives as a component of their missionary activity. The 

first school in Ketchikan was opened by the Episcopalians and later, in the 1920s, thechurchstanedahigh 

school for Native boys in Wrangell. The Russian Onhodoxchurch also established early schools for Natives 

in Juneau, Sitka, and Yakutat. In Yakutat, an American school was staned by the Swedish Evangelical 

Church, which later contracted for the BOE school. In at least eight Southeastern communities, then, the 

first schools were those operated by church missionary organizations for the benefit of the Native 

community. Some of these denominations, as well as others, established themselves in communities but 

were not associated with schools. 

65 
331 


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---------··---······-----------------

HisTORY or NATIVE OcCUPATION AND UsE 

66 

The presence of the Salvation Army Church was also felt in Southeast communities. This church 

depended almost completely on the local parishioners for its economic support in the community, and 

often the ministry was comprised of Native preachers. In many communities, the Salvation Army was 

identifted closely with the Native community, in part because its activity was focused on the lower 

socioeconomic segment of the population. The encouragement of music as an expression of Christian 

sentiment met 'With an enthusiastic response in the Native community, and local Native residents joined 

the Salvation Anny bands in significant numbers in the early years of this century. The first SalvationAnny 

church in Alaska derived from the Klondike area in about 1897 or 1899, when it spread to Skagway. Active 

Salvation Army posts were subsequently established in each of the five study communities, as well as in 

Juneau, Sitka, Kake, Angoon, and other villages. 

The Alaska Native Brotherhood and Sisterhood 

The Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) was formed in 1912 by Tiingit and Tsimshian Indians from 

Sitka, Juneau, Wrangell, Angoon, and Klawock. The Bureau of Education encouraged its inception, and 

the first organizational meeting was held in juneau in the offlce of the Alaska BOE superintendent, W.G. 

Beattie (formerly superintendent of the Sheldon jackson School). The founders were strongly influenced 

by the Presbyterian missionaries at the Sheldon jackson School and the Russian Orthodox priests from the 

Russian orphanage for Indian children in Sitka (Hope Ill 1975). The ANB's original purposes were to 

encourage the assimilation of the Alaska Native into the "cultivated" society represented by the missionaries 

and school authorities, to oppose discrimination and racial prejudice, and to assist in the development of 

Alaska. Shortly after the establishment of the At•JB, a parallel organization, the Alaska Native Sisterhood, 

formed among Narive women as an auxiliary organization which assisted substantially with fund-raising 

and other efforts. 

After 1920, under the influence of William and Louis Paul, the objectives of the organization changed 

to be more principally concerned with ending discrtmination, including the abolition of the dual school 

system, recognition of citizenship and voting rights, and pursuit of property rights in land and fisheries. 

ANB brought test cases to court on these issues, funded by donations from the local community ANB 

camps. William L Paul, Sr., a Tlingit attorney practicing in Wrangell and later in Ketchikan, was active in 

the early actions. Several of the foremost cases originated from the five study communities. As described 

above, Paul brought a voting rights case out of Wrangell in 1922, and subsequently pursued the right to 

an equal opportunity for local education in white schools in a case in Ketchikan. He was also instrumentJ!l 

in persuading delegates at the 1929 ANB annual convention in Haines to pursue land claims against the 

federal government. 

Sitka,juneau, and Douglas were the first communities to fonn localANB chapters, called camps. Other 

communities joined slowly at first, but by the early 1920s nearly every Indian community in Southeast 

Alaska had local camps ofhoth the men's and women's organizations (Drucker I 958:21; see Drucker for 

a more extended discussion of the ANB and its formation). All five of the communities in this study were 

members and attended the historical 1929 convention in Haines, as descrtbed ahove. In his speech 

encouraging the assembly to take action on land claims, judge Wickersham named tbe following 

communities: Angoon, Douglas, Haines, Hoonah, Hydaburg,Juneau, Kake, Kasaan, Ketchikan, Klukwan, 

Petersburg, Sitka, Wrangell, and YakutJ!t. 
332 


Insert offset folio 371 here 98942A.315

HisTORY OF NATIVE OcCUPATION AND UsE 

By the 1950s, nearly all the local camps had their own meeting halls in the communities. Attorneys 

pursuing the Tiingit-Haida land claims included all five study communities on their mailing list. The 

complete mailing list of Southeast ANB/ ANS communities in the early 1950s, which is the best available 

information on community membership in the organization, is the following: 

Angoon 

Craig 

Douglas 

Haines 

Hoonah 

Hydaburg 

juneau 

Kake 

Kasaan 

Ketchikan 

Klawock 

Klukwan 

Metlakatla 

Petersburg 

Saxman 

Sitka 

Tenakee 

Wrangell 

Yakutat 

IRA Government Organization 

Nearly all Southeast Indian communities formed IRA organizations, including IRA village councils and 

corporations, after the Indian Reorganization Act provisions were extended to Alaska in 1936. Adequate 

employment and income among local Indian residents was a major concern in this period, and 

communities were interested in taking advantage of opportunities under the legislation to obtain loans for 

Native owned and operated businesses. Such loans were not available to them from conventional sources. 

The BIA encouraged the formation of chartered corporations which were entitled to receive such loans on 

behalf of the Indian membership. In many communities, the interest in the local government functions of 

the IRA did not develop until later. 

Among the five study communities, Tenakee did not organize under the IRA, but the remaining four 

did. 1he following Indian communities fanned IRA government and corporation organizations (the date 

of BIA approval of government constitution and corporate charter is also indicated): 

Angoon (1939) Ketchikan (1940) 

Craig (1938) Klawock (1938) 

Douglas (1941) Klukwan (1941) 

Haines (1941) Metlakatla (1944) 

Hoonah (1939) Petersburg (1948) 

Hydaburg (1938) Saxman (1941) 

Kake (1948) Sitka (1938) 

Kasaan (1938) Wrangell (1947) 

67 

Insert offset folio 372 here 98942A.316 ~ Summary Comparisons Table 5.1 shows a summary comparison, under the criteria discussed throughout this chapter, of the five study communities and the Southeast communities recognized under ANCSA. Table 5.1. Summary Comparisons of Study Communities and ANCSA Communities Haines juneau Sitka Petersburg Craig Tenakee Kasaan Settled Prior to Arrival of Whites X X X X X X X X X Occupancy of Area in Early Town X X X X X X X X X Land Reservation or Exclusion X X X X X Indian Possessions in Townsite X X X X X BOE Government Indian School X X X X X X X X Church or Mission Serving Natives X X X X X X X Alaska Native Brotherhood/Sisterhood X X X X X X X X X IRA Govemmem Organization X X X X X X X X Tlingtt and Hmda Central Counctl Chapter X X X X X X X Native Cemeteries, Graves or Totems X X X X X X X X Identified in Tlingit and Haida Settlement X x X X X X Identified in ANCSA X X X L_ f;:;:5rudy communities~ not recogntzed under ANCSA 
334 


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----------------~----------

HisTORY o• NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

Tlingit and Haida Central Council Community Council 

Communities of Tlingit and Haida Indians participate in the Central Council by fanning local 

community councils and electing delegates to the annual conventions. The opportunity to form a 

community council and elect delegates is open to any group of Tlingit and Haida Indians living in a 

community that decides to organize. This membership structure operated informally during the years 

leading up to the favorable decision in the Tlingit and Haida settlement. Following the amendments to the 

1935 jurisdictional act, they were codified in a constitution and rules for election by which the Central 

Council was formally organized and reconstituted as a representative tribal organization. 

The participation of the five study communities in the Tlingitand Haida Central Council since its formal 

organization in 1941 was described earlier. At that time, the panicipation of communities was identical to 

that of the ANB andANSorganizations (see above). During the 1950s, Haines, Tenakee, and Kasaan became 

inactive as individual communities. Members of those communities participated through other communities. In the early 1960s, after the favorable claims decision and when the Central Council began to take 

steps to reorganize itself, the list of Tlingit and Haida communities was adjusted slightly. In 1964, for 

example, Douglas was no longer identified separately, while Kasaan, Metlakatla, Oakland, California and 

Seattle, Washington were added. 

Events concerning the Yendistucky Reservation, and other developments within the community of 

Haines, led that community to seek approval to form a Tlingit and Haida Community Council in 1971. 

As of 1971, nineteen communities ofTiingit and Haida Indians belonged to the Central Council. They were 

the following: 

Angoon Klukwan 

Craig Metlakatla 

Haines Oakland 

Hoonah Petersburg 

Hydaburg Saxman 

Juneau Seattle 

Kake Sitka 

Kasaan Wrangell 

Ketchikan Yakutat 

Klawock 

69 
335 


Insert offset folio 374 here 98942A.318

HisTORY oF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

70 

References Cited 

Alaska Boundary Tribunal 

1904a. Proceedings of the Alaska Boundary Tribunal, Voll. 58th Congress, 2nd Session, Document No. 162. 

Washington: Government Printing Offlce. 

l904b. Proceedmgs of the Alaska Boundary Tribunal, Vol2. 58th Congress, 2nd Session, Document No. 162. 

Washington: Government Printing Office. 

Alaska Department of Community and Regional Affairs 

1984. Petersburg Community Profile. Juneau: State of Alaska. 

Andrews, Clarence L 

1937. Wrangell and the Gold of the Cassiar. Seattle: Luke Tinker. 

Arndt, Katherine L 

1980. Potential Cultural Resources Relating to the Ftshing Industry, Stikine Area, T ongass National forest. 

Unpublished Manuscript. U.S. Forest Semce. 

1988. Russian Relations with the Stikine Tiingit,l833-1867. Alaska Htstory 3:1:27-43. Anchorage: The Alaska 

Historical Society. 

Arndt, Katherine L., and Russell H. Sackett and James A. Ketz 

1987. A Cultural Resource Overview of the Tongass National forest, Alaska. juneau: USDA forest Service. 

Balcom, Mary G. 

1961. Ketchikan: Alaska's Toternland. Chicago: Adams Press. 

Bancroft, Hubert Howe 

1959 (1886). History of Alaska, 1730-1885. New York: Antiquarian Press. 

Barnhardt, Carol 

1985. Historical Status of Elementary Schools in Rural Alaskan Commumties 186 7-1980. fairbanks: Center 

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336 


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75 
341 


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----------- ----·-------- ·---------

HISTORY oF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

76 

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HisTORY OF NATIVE OccUPATION AND UsE 

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1933. Letter to j.A. Ramsey, Special Agent, General land Office from Assistant Commissioner, Office oflndian 

Affairs. 

77 
343 


Insert offset folio 382 here 98942A.326

Chapter 6. Enrollment 

BY CHARLES w SMYIBE 

This chapter describes the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) enrollment process as it was 

applied to the five study communities and identifies the cumulative enrollments for the communities 

duting both the original and a subsequent open enrollment period. The study communities were not listed 

inANCSA and were not certified as being eligible to form village corporations and receive land entitlements. 

But Natives from these communities enrolled under terms of ANCSA and became at-large shareholders of 

Sealaska regional corporation. 

The enrollment figures for the five communities provide an estimate of potential enrollment, should 

they be certified to form village corporations. Based on interviews with individuals involved in the 

enrollment process, the author found that the enrollment policies and procedures were the same for the 

five study communities as for the twelve Southeast communities that were recognized. However, 

respondents reponed that the unlisted status of the five communities was a factor in decisions of some 

shareholders during the enrollment process, and probably resulted in lower overall enrollment figures for 

the unlisted communities. Also, provisions of the 1976 amendments to ANCSA-which allowed for redetermining the place of enrollment for Natives who originally enrolled to places that were later found to 

be ineligible-were denied to members of the five study communities under a 1983 opinion issued by the 

Solicitor of the Department of the Interior. Therefore, the original enrollment certifications of Natives to 

the five study communities are the only certain basis for projecting potential enrollments, if those 

communities were authorized to form village corporations. 

Overview of Procedures 

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (P.L. 93-203), enacted on December 18, 1971, required that 

persons eligible to receive benefits under the act enroll within two years. On March 27, 1972, the 

Department of the Interior (DO!) issued regulations governing application for enrollment and preparation 

of the Alaska Native Roll. Enrollment was opened from April!, 1972, until March 30, 1973. ANCSA 

assigned responsibility for preparing the roll to the DOl, which delegated this function to the Bureau of 

Indian Affairs (BIA). The B!Aestablished an enrollment coordinating office in Anchorage, but due to a hiring 

freeze and a shortage of funds, the agency decided to contract enrollment to regional Native organizations 

(ESG 1984; GAO 1974). 

In Southeast Alaska, the BIA contracted with the Central Council of the Tlingit and Haida Indians to 

conduct the enrollment. The central council hired an enrollment coordinator for the region and hired and 

trained enumerators in all Southeastern communities. The number of enumerators in each community 

varied according to population. Haines and Petersburg each had one enumerator, for example, while Wrangell 

had at least two, and Ketchikan had six to eight. Enumerators received training at three-day workshops 

conducted in juneau by the BIA enrollment coordinator and the Southeast enrollment coordinator. 

The enumerators helped local residents complete enrollment applications, which were in the form of 

a survey questionnaire. The form requested such information as the applicant's name, address, date and 

place of birth, names of parents, degree of Native ancestry, permanent residence as of Aprill, 1970, and 

family tree. The BIA enrollment coordinator determined the region and village of enrollment based on the 

set of residence questions in the application. The BIA allowed applicants to change their applications, 

including the place of their permanent residence, until May 9, 1973. Decisions about granting changes 

rested with the Alaska regional solicitor of the Department of the Interior. An appeal process for enrollment 

decisions was established through the regional solicitor, and it was in force through August 15, 1973 

(GAO 1974; ESG 1984:111-7). 
344 


Insert offset folio 383 here 98942A.327

ENROLLMENT 

80 

Changes in the declared place of permanent residence became an issue in the enrollment process. 

Because questions of village eligibility or village land entitlements were based on the number of Native 

residents, DOl allowed changes in the places to which Natives enrolled. In pan that provision was to enable 

applicants to make more informed choices based on final village eligibility determinations, which were not 

scheduled to be finalized until afterthe issuance ofland selection regulations. ANCSA set june 18, 1974, 

as the deadline for DOl village eligibility determinations, but not all determinations had been made by that 

date (ESG 1984:lll-14). Controversy over the complications and delays which resulted was one reason 

enrollment was re-opened in 1976. Native enrollees of tbe five unlisted Southeast communities were 

ultimately determined to be ineligible to apply for changes in their places of enrollment. 

Amendments to ANCSA enacted on january 2, 1976 reopened enrollment for one year. Concern over 

the number of Natives (estimated to be 2,000 worldwide) who were effectively excluded from the Native 

roll because they had not been informed in sufficient nme, or did not fully understand the enrollment 

process, was a principal consideration in this action (ibid.: Ill-7). The amendments also afforded Natives 

an opportunity to change their enrollment applications under two special circumstances. One such 

circumstance of interest here was that DOl was authorized to redetermine the place of restdence for those 

Natives who had enrolled as rest dents of places which had been accepted as eligible Native villages or 

groups during enrollment, but which were subsequently determined ineligible "on grounds which include 

a lack of sufficient number of residents ... " 

Pursuant to the amendments, more Natives applied for enrollment to the five Southeast communities, 

and some who had already enrolled requested redetermination of their places of residence. However, the 

only adjustment DO! made in the rolls of the five communities was to add newly recognized ANCSA 

beneficiaries. These new enrollments are reponed in Table 6.1. Although the language in the amended bill 

led Sealaska regional corporanon and residents of some of the five Southeast communities to believe that 

their places of enrollment could be changed. a 1983 opinion of a DO! solicitor held that the provision for 

redetermination of residence did not apply to the five unlisted Southeast commumties. As a consequence, 

the BIA denied requests from enrollees in the five study communities to redetermine their places of 

enrollment under this provision 

Proposed Enrollment to the Five Southeast Communities 

Based on 1985 enrollment data acquired from the BIA, we found that 3,342 Natives enrolled to the 

five unlisted communities during the initial applicatton period ending March 30, 1973. That constituted 

22 percent of the reg10n's total enrollment. Following the addition of new enrollees at the dose of thereopened enrollment penod in january of 1977, an additional 80 enrollees were added to the total, 

comprising a fmal enrollment of 3,422 Sealaska shareholders for the five communities. A listing of the 

potential enrollment forthe five communities, together with a complete listing of the enrollments from the 

two periods in the Sealaska region, is provided in Table 6.1. 

The data in the table show the number of Alaska Natives enrolled pursuant to both the original act and 

the 1976 amendments. These are the official numbers of Natives in the Alaska Native Enrollment certified 

and maintained by the BIA. They provide a useful estimate for proposed enrollment to the five communities. 

Since they are based on original numbers of shareholders, there is direct comparability with other village 

and community corporations' enrollments and with Sealaska's total enrollment. 
345 


Insert offset folio 384 here 98942A.328

ENROLLMENT 

Table 6.1. Community Enrollments in the Sealaska Region 

Sealaska Corporation-Region 12 Public law Public law Totals As 

By Village/Corporation Name 92-203 92-204 Of 12-31-85 

020 Angoon- Kootznoowoo, Inc. 628 1 629 

108 Craig - Shaan-Seet, Inc. 317 0 317 

126 Douglas 19 0 19 

186 Haines 319 2 321 

198 Hoonah- Huna Totem Corporation 867 9 876 

211 Hydaburg- Haida Corporation 552 l3 565 

212 Hyder 1 0 1 

228 juneau- Goldbelt, Inc. 2,655 67 2,722 

229 Kake -Kake Tribal Corporation 551 7 558 

238 Kasaan- Kavilco, Inc. 120 0 !20 

248 Ketchikan 1,801 61 1,862 

257 Klawock - Klawock Heenya Corporation 507 1 506 

259 Klukwan- Klukwan, Inc. 251 2 253 

311 Metlakatla -Annette 17 16 33 

377 Pelican 56 2 58 

380 Petersburg 423 5 428 

393 Pon Alexander 5 0 5 

427 Saxman - Cape Fox Corporation 196 0 196 

442 Sitka- Shee-Atika, Inc. 1,809 54 1,863 

443 Skagway 15 0 15 

481 Tenakee 62 2 64 

532 Wrangell 737 lO 747 

533 Yakutat-Yak-Tat Kwaan, Inc. 340 2 342 

537 Kuiu Island 6 0 6 

538 Thome Bay 3 0 3 

539 Auke Bay 10 2 12 

551 At Large - Sealaska 3,020 183 3,203 

552 M !Point 1 0 1 

559 Washington Bay l 0 1 

596 Hidden Inlet 23 0 23 

617 Loring 1 0 1 

619 FunterBay 1 0 1 

621 Excursion Inlet lO 0 10 

639 DotysCove 1 0 1 642 Klinkwan 1 0 1 645 Halibut Bay 6 0 6 648 Portland Canal 1 0 l 661 Dyea 3 0 3 800 Knight Island 0 7 7 9** Region 12-Totals 15,336 446 15,782 

Study communities; not certified under ANCSA 

81 
346 


Insert offset folio 385 here 98942A.329

ENROLLMENT 

82 

These figures do not show the current distribution of Sealaska shares. Initially, each enrollee received 

100 shares of stock of a regional corporation and an additional I 00 shares of stock in a village corporation, 

or-for those enrolled to villages that were not cenified to form village corporations--! 00 shares of stock 

as at-large shareholders of a regional corporation. However, overthe years since the initial distribution, the 

actual numbers of shareholders have become larger than the initial enrollments, because the original blocks 

of stock have been divided among more persons through inheritance and other transfers. So the number 

of shareholders has increased while the average number of shares held by each shareholder has declined. 

Estimating actual numbers of shareholders, and accountmg for individual differences in the numbers of 

shares held, would introduce a level of complexity beyond the scope of this study. 

Using the origmal enrollment figures as measures of potential enrollment requires assuming that those 

who enrolled to the five study communities were not influenced by ANCSA's failure to recognize those 

communities. It also assumes that the enrollment process for the five study communities proceeded in the 

same way as it did in communities that were ultimately certified. 

Because these assumptions about enrollment are so important, we interviewed seven persons who had 

been involved in the enumeration process in the Southeast region. Six of the persons we interviewed had 

been community enumerators (in Klukwan, Haines, Ketchikan, Wrangell, and Sitka), and one had been 

the regional enrollment coordinator. We also held several discussions with individual shareholders about 

how they made decisions during enrollment. 

The enumerators reported that in the five study communities some applicants were aware that their 

communities were not eligible for certification,and that knowledge influenced where they enrolled. Others 

were aware of the issue, but chose to ignore it. For yet another group of shareholders, community eligibility 

was not an issue, largely because they did not know anything about it. Based on the limited number of 

interviews we conducted, those who were unaware of the community eligibility tssue appearto have been 

the largest group. The enumerators told us that many enrollees did not understand the nature of the 

settlement and us future results-that corporations would be lonned, land selections made. and money 

distributed. The enumerators we interviewed said they believed that many enrollees did not appreciate the 

significance of enrolling to an unlisted community until after the enrollment process had been completed. 

According to the region's enrollment coordinator, the application process entailed a lot of discussion 

and explanation about the complexity of the settlement and particularly about corporations, because most 

applicants were unfamiliar with corporations. "We tried to be as up front as possible, saying you know if 

you registered to a village corporation they have assets and they have timber. The question would come 

up, well, if we have the timber why don't we own the land, how come Sealaska owns the subsurface rights' 

I mean there was a lot of that, and there was a lot of anger over that. And then while we have the biggest, 

richest region why should we have to share it with those Eskimos up there? And you try to answer that 

question. There were a lot of things. There were so many things .... " Another enumerator put it succinctly, 

"People had no idea they were going to get a corporation, money, or land." 

The regional enrollment coordinator was from Wrangell, and his description of the questions and 

concerns about enrollment in that community illustrates the potential effects on enrollment to villages not 

recognized under ANCSA He said Wrangell residents had questions about the procedure for enrolling 

through the local community. "Well, there was a lot ofhesitation. I mean, they didn't fully understand what 

the impact would be." He satd many people in Wrangell asked him whetherthey should enroll in Wrangell 
347 


Insert offset folio 386 here 98942A.330

ENROLLMENT 

orin a recognized village. In reply, he would tell them, "If you have relatives in the village, it is your choice," 

and then try to explain the advantages and disadvantages of either course of action. The coordinator said 

that some people chose to enroll back to a village, believing that the recognized villages would receive more 

money at the start. 

Others considered enrolling back to a village, but rejected that option, the regional coordinator 

remembered. "So a lot of them took their chances with the regional corporation, rather than the village 

corporation, because they didn't know whether the villages had people that were trained to handle it. And 

in a lot of cases there weren't, there weren't people there." Some others saw that they would get larger cash 

distributions from Sealaska as at-large shareholders and took that option, and in so doing took a chance 

on future distributions which were uncenain. 

The coordinator believes that enrollment was lower in Wrangell than it would have been, had it been 

an eligible community. He reponed that some local residents who would have enrolled to Wrangell 

enrolled to recognized ANCSA villages instead, believing that it would be more advantageous to be 

shareholders in village corporations. (However, Table 4.2 in Chapter 4 shows that only 10 percent of the 

enrolled Natives living in Wrangell chose to enroll elsewhere. Twice the percentage of Natives living in 

juneau and Sitka chose to enroll elsewhere.) The coordinator also believes that Natives living in other 

communities, who might have enrolled back to Wrangell, did not. "But that question came up all over, [in[ 

villages and in Ketchikan. There was people in Ketchikan that would have registered back here, if it was 

a village corporation, but couldn't. But that question was asked quite often, and it was very difficult to 

explain, the money part of it. Because we didn't know how much money the villages were going to hold 

back, no one knew that." 

In contrast to the coordinator's view, two of the enumerators from Wrangell said that enrollment to 

Wrangell was not considered different from enrollment to any other community. Village eligibility had not 

been brought up in their training, and they had not been aware of a list of eligible villages. While one 

enumerator confirmed that there were always some enrollees who knew about the issue of village eligibility, 

she also said that people in her circle, the people she was associated with, "did not ever talk about it." She 

also said they did not care, believing the issue had already been decided for them: "They don't want you 

to have it, so they don't want you to have it." 

Interviews in other communities confirmed that, as in Wrangell, there were people in Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Tenakee who saw the significance of communities being unlisted, and there 

were representatives from Haines, Petersburg, and Tenakee who actively encouraged Natives to enroll to 

those villages. In some cases, this was a deliberate effon to attain a sufficient number of enrollees for the 

unlisted villages to gain recognition. Others believed that panicipation through ancestral villages was 

outmoded, and that it was better to enroll as at -large shareholders. 

Those who did not know of or understand the significance of village eligibility at the time are illustrated 

by a Petersburg enrollee who stated, "It was never explained what a difference it would make, whether I 

was signed up to Kake or Petersburg." Ketchikan rest dents were not aware ofbeing unlisted until later, after 

enrollment closed, according to a local enumerator. "It wasn't brought to our attention that they [Ketchikan] 

would be at -large, not receive land. Even as an enumerator I didn't know .... It was quite some time after 

that they began to have meetings in Ketchikan. That was when my husband and I found out they did not 

receive land; they were at-large." In Haines, some residents did not ask about Haines' eligibility, because 

83 
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Insert offset folio 387 here 98942A.331

ENROLLMENT 

84 

they did not believe it was in doubt. This was expressed by a relative of an enrollee, who said, "No one really 

understood: [my husband] just took it for granted Haines was a village-it always was. There was an Indian 

school, Haines ANB-always." 

Enumerators interviewed pointed out that enrollment was a process that no tall residents accepted right 

away. For example, in some communities enumerators "couldn't get people to sit down and fill out the 

forms. They all wanted to be chief; they wanted someone to ask them to do it." This was a problem in Haines 

and Wrangell, according to one repon. In the words of one enumerator, "A lot of people didn't make it in 

the first enrollment because they didn't take it seriously, didn't think it would amount to anything." 

In the larger communities where Natives were in the minority-including Sitka, Juneau, Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Wrangell-there was an additional difficulty that grew out of the history of 

prejudice and discrimination against Natives. Enumerators interviewed reponed that some Natives who 

previously had identified themselves as non-Natives were afraid of coming forward and openly filing their 

applications. As one enumerator put it, "My phone rang off the hook with non-Natives who wanted to be 

Native. They were afraid because they always had identified themselves as non-Native. They were members 

of the Moose and Elk and all. They didn't want to come down to the office, in case they might be seen, or 

be seen with the application forms .... ln Sitka, some people didn't want to be seen coming into my office 

to pick up an application form. My office was across !rom the Pioneer Bar. These people were in social circles 

that they didn't want to know they were Native. I kept a list of who sent their kids down to pick up the forms. 

Alii required was that they sign it in front of me." 

There was a similar report from an enumerator in juneau: "And I had people come in like 10 o'clock 

at night. I thought we were going to clean out the Elk's Club at juneau, you know, they'd come sneakmg 

down there at l 0 o'clock at night and registertheir kids and stuff, you know. There were a lot of things like 

that ... " 

The Natives' long experience of racism and discrimination-as well as of assimilation-was combined 

with strong and overt opposition to fu'!CSA among many non·Native interests and businesses in most of 

these larger communities. This combination of forces mfluenced the enrollment process in at least four of 

the five study commumues, according to persons we interviewed, and made it different from that in the 

villages. These expenences contributed to potential applicants' initial reluctance to enroll and to their lack 

of concern about community elig;bility. Some people also wanted to tum away from the village solution 

and embrace the "modem" vehicle of settlement embodied in the regional corporation. In Petersburg, for 

example, one respondent reported that an influential leader encouraged local residents to enroll at-large, 

"We were told not to enroll to our roots in Kake. Amy Hallingstadsaid this, so I enrolled to Petersburg. Those 

(Natives) married to Norwegians were like this." 

Enumerators were also asked about any potential bias that might have been introduced into the 

application process because of policies or procedures that may have treated enrollment to the five 

communities differently from enrollment to recognized communities. Respondents reponed there was no 

evidence of such bias, either in the training of enumerators or in the procedures they followed. The goal 

of the process was to accomplish the enrollment as fully and completely as possible within the allotted time. 

One enumerator said, "The door closed after a while; if you dragged your feet, you lost out." Another 

said, "The push was to get everybody signed up--that's all. The main objective was to get your name 

and family on this application m time. Congress mandated that this be done in a short time, and that 

was all there was to it." 
349 


Insert offset folio 388 here 98942A.332

The distinction between eligible and ineligible communities did not appear on the application form 

or on the accompanying instructions. Nor did the materials discuss the significance of community 

enrollment. The form included the following general explanatory language: 

Purpose: To prepare a roll of Alaska Natives who are eligible for cash settlement under the conditions 

of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. 

Use: This application will be used to determine eligibility for cash settlement under the 

conditions of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. 

The BIA's procedure was to enroll Natives to where they resided on Aprill, 1970. Applicants were 

asked to specify a permanent place of residence as of that date, and the form stated that the answer would 

be used to determine whether the applicant was a resident or non-resident of the state of Alaska. The 

instructions for this question declared that the answer would affect where the applicant may be enrolled, 

but said no more about enrollment. 

Applicants were also given a copy of regulations that defined "permanent residence" for the purpose 

of enrollment. A Native did not have to be physically living in his permanent residence on April!, 1970, 

as long as he "continued to intend" to make his home at that place: 

"Permanent residence" means the place of domicile on April 1, 1970, which is the location of the permanent place 

of abode intended by the applicant to be his actual home.lt is the center of the Native family life of the applicam to 

which he has the intent to return when absent from that place. A region or village may be the permanent residence 

of the applicamonAprill, 1970, even though he was not actually living there on that date, if he continued to intend 

that place to be his home (25 CFR 43h. l(k)). 

The application also included a series of questions about previous residence and ancestral ties. The form 

did not make reference to any place or site in these questions; it was left to the applicant to fill in the blanks. 

When asked about their training, enumerators reported they were handed the application form and 

given instructions about how to fill it out. They were expected to follow the form as ifit were a survey, asking 

the questions and helping the applicants to complete it. Several enumerators pointed out that the 

application had multiple objectives. Among those were establishing that the applicant was of at least 

one-quarter Native ancestry and a resident of the state of Alaska, and providing sufficient identifying 

personal information. For example, one enumerator explained, "The purpose of the family tree was to show 

you were Native." It does not appear that residence questions were singled out for any kind of special 

treatment during training. 

One enumerator described his job in this way: 'We asked, where were you from, which village do you 

wish to be enrolled to, who are your parents, maybe grandparents." Regarding training, he said there was 

" ... no influencing answers: they give us this form and told us how to fill it out." Another enumerator 

said, "T and H [Tling;t and Haida Central Council] had no policy regarding the five communities. 

T and H never raised the question or brought it to our attention. We weren't even aware of a list of eligible 

villages." A third reported that there was "no different treatment given to [those in the five communities], 

compared to others. In fact, no one was much aware of that issue-it was ignored in training. It didn't make 

any difference for the five communities. In signing up, all it was was your family history: your tribe, 

Indian blood, grandmother's name, etc.-like a survey'' 

85 
350 


Insert offset folio 389 here 98942A.333

ENROLLMENT 

86 

Applicants were expected to fill out the fonns according to their own choices and preferences, and 

enumerators were trained to communicate that freedom of choice and to aid the process. On the issue of 

residence, enumerators reponed they were instructed to give applicants the opponunity to express 

their preference. Some enumerators beheved that where an individual lived often detennined where he 

enrolled, but they all said that applicants had a choice-usually between where they resided and where 

they came from. 

Another indication that the five communities were not treated differently in enrollment procedures is 

that the communities were involved in reviewing and approving the community enrollments, as recognized 

communities did. People interviewed in Haines and Petersburg recalled that it was up to the village to 

approve or reject people for enrollment. "In Haines, we had to tum names in to the village."ln Petersburg, 

the local Tlingit and Haida council did the approvals because the IRA council was not active in those years 

(1974 or 1975). About 11 Petersburg 11ingit and Haida members met to do the enrollinent reviews. One 

who took pan said, "Print-outs were sent here, and we spent 8 to 10 hours a day on the names. Sometimes 

we didn't know names, so we would ask who they were. Later. we found people who weren't on the list 

were enrolled." In villages and communities authorized to fonn corporations under the act, such review 

lists were sent to the local corporation. 1 

Although Sealaska regional corporation had no fonnal role in the enrollment process, toward the end 

of the enrollment period it initiated a public infonnation campaign to explain enrollment to potential 

stockholders. In January 1973, it distributed a report that notified "future shareholders" of the application amendment process, gave a detailed explanation of enrollment procedures, and described the 

different outcomes from enrolling to the ten recognized villages, to Juneau and Sitka, to "cities such as 

Petersburg, Wrangell, Haines or Ketchikan," and to communities outside the region or the state. The report 

focused on enrollment options available to non-resident Natives interested in enrolling to the Southeast 

region, and included other announcements and infonnation of relevance to the corporation (Sealaska 

Corporation 1973). 

With regard to the five study communities, the Sealaska report dearly stated that for the four "Clties" 

(Petersburg. Wrangell, Haines. and Ketchikan), no village or local corporation would be organized and no 

village or local land grants were provided for under ANCSA. Persons enrolled to these places "will for 

practical purposes be enrolled m the Southeast Region at large ... the same as a non-resident Native who 

regards some place outside of Alaska as his real home ... " Sealaska also explained that the ten VIllages and 

the two communities of Juneau and Sitka would presumably organize corporations, and it described the 

differences between the VIllage corporations and the "community corporations" the act established for 

Juneau and Sitka. 

Nothing in the report expressed a preference among the alternatives for enrollment in the region. 

Moreover, the specific description of the four communities (Haines, Ketchikan. Petersburg, and Wrangell) 

reflected Sealaska's acceptance of the ANCSA eligibility determinations. The principal concern ofSealaska 

at that time was the possible creation of a thirteenth regional corporation, since Sealaska stood to gain or 

lose shareholders depending on how Natives living outside the region or the state filed. Sealaska explained 

1 However, this process was not executed consistently in every community; according to one srudy, not all village 

corporations reported they were involved in rheapprova! process(GAO 1974). Several enumerators spoken with in the course 

of thts study did not recall the approval process in their own communities. 
351 


Insert offset folio 390 here 98942A.334

ENROLLMENT 

the advantages and disadvantages ofbeingastockholderin a thineenth regional corporation and in Sealaska 

or one of the other regional corporations. In September 1973, Sea!aska announced the appointment of an 

enrollment consultant to organize Sea!aska'seffons to help prepare appeals for potential stockholders who 

had been rejected by the BIA's enrollment office. 

Reopening of the Roll 

After the initial enrollment process was completed, several issues arose before a final roll could be 

prepared. Approximately 1,000applications were filed between the March 30,1973, deadline and the final 

cut -off date ofDecember 18, 1973-indicating that the enrollment period had not been sufficient. The BIA 

denied these "late" applications. The Department of the Interior (DOl) estimated that as many as 2,000 

eligible persons had not filed by the March deadline. In 1975, DOl itself questioned the accuracy of the roll 

and proposed procedures to remove individuals. 

The short time allowed for amending applications and appealing enrollment decisions--and the 

perceived incomplete information and misapprehensions about amendlng or appealing-together with 

the concerns of individuals who had enrolled to villages that were later determined ineligible constituted 

issues to be addressed before the roll could be finalized (ESG 1984:III-7). 

In 1975, ANCSA amendments to rectify some of these problems were proposed. Sealaska was one of 

the sponsors of the legislation and testified in suppon of several amendments, including one that authorized 

enrollment for qualified Natives who had failed to submit applications by the March 30 deadline. In 1975 

testimony, Sealaska's President Borbridge stated, "Most of the problems the Natives have experienced in 

connection with implementation of the act did not result from its provisions but from administrative actions 

and constructions that sometimes have been patently incompatible with the plain language of the law, not 

to mention its spirit" (Borbridge 1975). This was a position Sealaska was also to take later, in dealings with 

DOl over redetermining place of residence for those enrolled to the five study communities. 

In an act referred to as the "Omnibus Bill," ANCSA was amended on january 2, 1976 (P.L 94-204). 

The amendments addressed several issues, some of which are relevant to this study. They authorized reopening of the Native roll for one year, to allow enrollment of those who had missed the March 1973 

deadline. They allowed redetermination of the place of residence for Natives who had enrolled to villages 

or groups later found to be ineligible. They gave Natives who resided on the lands of--but were not 

members of-village corporations that had taken title to their former reserves a choice of enrolling to those 

corporations or being "at-large" stockholders of regional corporations. 

The BIA carried out the second enrollment through its enrollment office, which still operated in 

Anchorage. It contracted with a private consulting firm, Kish Tu, Inc., to publicize the second enrollment 

period. Publicity effons included sending advenisements to 500 newspapers and magazines, radio spots 

to 226 radio stations, and video tape dubs to approximately 185 television stations. Kish Tu also mailed 

6,000 posters, issued monthly news releases, and arranged speaking engagements for Alaska Native leaders 

(Ruddy and Rowan 1976). 

Sealaska notified its shareholders of the renewed opponunity to enroll, informed them about other 

amendments, and explained that they must apply to the BIA, not to Sealaska, for enrollment (Sealaska 

Corporation 1976). According to one former Sealaska official, the re-enroliment was successful, but still 

87 
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Insert offset folio 391 here 98942A.335

ENROLLMENT 

88 

did not result in a complete enrollment. "There were people who didn't sign up {originally] because they 

wanted no part in it-then after seeing the benefits of enrollment, they signed up in the re-enrollment 

period. Some people didn't even do it then." 

The BIA received many more applications than were ultimately certified. Of 12,362 applications. 

1,905 were determined eligible. The remaining were determined ineligible (6,036) or were duplicates 

(4,421). Within the Southeast region. 446 new shareholders were added; 80 (18 percent) of these 

were from the five study communities. 

Redetermination of Place of Residence 

The 1976 amendments also included a provision for redetermining residency for shareholders who 

originally enrolled to places later found to be ineligrble in determinations of village or group eligibility. This 

amendment addressed differences between communities recognized for enrollment purposes and 

communities subsequently recognized in village eligibility determinations. Since enrollment was approved 

before village eligibility was determined, some enrolled Natives found themselves enrolled to places that 

did not meet the criteria for village or group eligibility as determined by the BIA or on appeal by ANCAB2 

When the amendments first passed. Sealaska regional corporation informed its shareholders that 

redetermination of residency would be available to Southeast communities. "The Omnibus Bill also directs 

the Secretary of Interior to identify the places of residence of Natives whose communities were declared 

ineligible as a Native village or group. Because of this, some of those enrolled to Haines or Tenakee may 

have an option to change their residence or enrollment" (Sealaska Corporation 1976:4). After 

Tenakee and Haines were denied recognition as eligible communities in 1978. a number of enrollees 

from both places requested that the BIA authorize a change in their community enrollment under the 

1976 amendment. In 1979, Sealaska agam notified shareholders from these communities about the 

applicability of the provisiOn and referred them to the BIA's enrollment office, which was responsible for 

making the decisions in such cases. 

TheBIAdid not act rapidly on this particular amendment. Unlike the provision re-openingenrollment, 

the provision for re-determining eligibility had no deadline attached. Stgnificant village and group eligibility 

questions, which were decided in specific proceedings, still remained unresolved for some years after the 

ANCSA amendments were passed. 1be eligibility of Haines and Tenakee were among these. following 

those eligibility determinations, Sealaska was informed that the BIA had not started to make residence redeterminations, but would begin the process in early 1979. In Aprill979, a Haines enrollee wrote to 

Alaska's Senator Ted Stevens to ask for his help m initiating the process, since the BIA had still not taken 

any action. Sometime later, the B!Asent the files of all applicants under this provision to the Federal Records 

Center in Seattle for storage. 

The Department of the Interior (DOl) began to act in 1982, when the Assistant Solicitor for Indian 

Affairs prepared a draft memorandum on the scope of the Secretary of the Interior's responsibility under 

the provision. DOl adopted an interpretation of the provision's language and intent such that it did 

2In vi.Hage eligibility determinations, other evidence such as testimony of witnesses, census and voter registration data were 

also considered, in addition to enrollment information. DecisiOns were based on a preponderance of the evidence (Vollmann 

1983). 
353 


Insert offset folio 392 here 98942A.336

ENROLLMENT 

not apply to Haines, Tenakee, and the other study communities. An attorney for Sealaska and an attorney 

representing a Haines enrollee (Mr. Donnelly) submitted objections to that interpretation. The DOl's final 

opinion, issued on june 23, 1983, maintained the original interpretation (Vollmann 1983). As a consequence, enrollees to the five study communities were not eligible to have their places of residence 

redetermined, and the enrollment in these communities remained unchanged. 

The Solicitor's opinion turned on the specific conditions under which the subsection of the redetermination amendment is activated. It states: 

In those instances where, on the roll prepared under section 5 of the Settlement Act, there were enrolled as residents 

of a place on April!, 1970, a sufficient number of Natives required for a Native village or Native group, as the case 

may be, and it is subsequently and finally determined that such a place is not eligible for land benefits under the act 

on grounds which include a lack of sufficient number of residents, the Secretary shall, in accordance with the criteria for 

residence applied in the final determination of eligibility, redetermine the place of residence onApnll, 1970, of each 

Native enrolled to such a place, ... (Subsection l(c) of the Act of]anuary 2, 1976, 89 Stat 1145,43 USC 1604; 

emphasis added). 

In the Solicitor's opinion, which referred to the subsection's grammar and punctuation, the provision 

mandated that lack of sufficient numbers of residents be a condition of the final eligibility determination. 

That is, the provision limited the statute's application to those communities in which an insufficient 

number of residents was a cause for ineligibility. The Solicitor also cited Congressional intent as 

indicated by legislative history. That history referred to nine places in Koniag regional corporation's area 

where 25 Natives had enrolled but which during eligibility proceeding had been found to lack 25 Native 

residents. The Solicitor also noted that the amendment had been proposed by the president of Koniag 

regional corporation. 

The attorneys for Sealaska and for Mr. Donnelly of Haines argued that the provision could also be read 

to signify that the lack of sufficient numbers of residents was one among several grounds for ineligibility, 

and that any one of those grounds would qualify enrollees for a residence redetermination under the 

amendment. In their view, people enrolled to communities that were disqualified for any reason-for 

example, because Natives were not in the majority, as was the case in Haines--should also receive the 

benefits of the amendment. Indeed, they claimed that Congress intentionally chose the broader language 

and further, indicated by example one type of situation to which this section was directed: "Congress 

intended that residents in all villages deemed ineligible have redetermination rights so that they may be 

able to protect their entitled benefits" to land selection. Under this argument, Haines and all similarly 

situated Southeast villages would fall within the scope of the amendment. 

Mr. Donnelly's attorney, Richard B. Brown, also contended that Haines would qualify for redetermination even under DOl's interpretation of the amendment, since Haines' disqualification turned on a lack 

of sufficient number of residents. Haines had been found to be ineligible because it did not meet the 

condition that required the majority of the community's population to be Native. Thus, Brown argued, the 

finding of ineligibility was based on an insufficient number ofNatives,and Haines was classified as "modem 

and urban in character." Brown argued that Haines enrollees qualified for a redetermination of residence 

because they had been "subjected to a disqualification based on a lack of sufficient number of residents" 

(Brown 1983:7). 

89 
354 


Insert offset folio 393 here 98942A.337

ENROLLMENT 

In responding to commenters (the attorneys mentioned above were the only two), the Solicitor's 

opinion cited in suppon of its position a letter from DOl that was pan of the legislative history of the 

provision. In the letter, DOl opposed the proposedANCSAamendment before it was enacted and objected 

to any redetermination of residence. DOl held that the Natives affected by the provision "theoretically 

designated thetr residence properly," and it would not be fairto "authorize forum shopping to give these 

Natives a chance to circumvent the consequences of their original choice: which also would give them a 

disproportionate share of ANCSA benefits at the expense of those Natives "who enrolled properly in the 

beginning" (in Vollman 1983). 

In listing reasons for opposition, the Solicitor wrote that the provision discriminated in favor of at-large 

shareholders enrolled to a place found to have an insufficient number of residents who "get a second chance, 

while those at-large shareholders who enrolled to a location found ineligible as a village on other grounds, 

do not. This result is inequitable. "The letter also states that "section 1 (c) is unclear as to whether the section 

applies only to those Natives enrolled to villages found ineligible because of insufficient number of 

residents, or to villages also found ineligible on other grounds" (ibid.:S). 

Under DOl's implementation of the "redetermination" amendment, the nine Koniag region communities would have been eligible for redetermination. However, seven of these cases, as well as two others, 

were dealt with legislatively through provisions (subsection 142 7 (e) and section 1432) of the 1980 Alaska 

National Interest Lands and Conservation Act. At the time the Solicitor's opinion was issued in 1983, 

final determinations of group eligibility had not been made. According to the current BlA administrator 

in charge of maintaining the roll, the 1983 opinion is still in effect, and no redeterminations have ever 

been carried out. 

Summary 

We can summarize several findings about the enrollment process in the study communities, based on 

source documents andinterviewswithseven persons who took pan in the enrollment process. The policies 

and procedures for enrollment were uniformly applied to the study communities and to the ANCSAcenified communities in Southeast Alaska. However. perceptions of the persons we interviewed differed 

on how much enrollment to the study communities was affected by the fact that they were unlisted. A 19 76 

amendment to ANCSA offered some enrollees the opportunity to change their places of enrollment, but 

a 1983 opinion of the solicitor of the Department of the Interior held that the amendment did not apply 

to those enrolled to the five study communities. Attorneys for Sealaska and for a resident of Haines 

challenged that opinion, but it still stands. 

References 

References cited in this chapter are included in the References Cited Section at the end of Chapter 5. 
355 


Insert offset folio 394 here 98942A.338

Chapter 7. Financial Benefits Generated 

by Southeast Village Corporations 

BY STEVE Con 

Introduction 

This chapter reviews the actual financial benefits which shareholders of village and urban ANCSA 

corporations in Southeast Alaska received, but which at -large shareholders of the Sealaska regional corporation did not receive. Sealaska's at-large shareholders include all those who enrolled to the five study 

communities, as well as several thousand others, mostly living outside Alaska. 

Out of necessity and the need for objectivity, the analysis that follows concentrates on financW benefits, 

including cash distributions and employment opportunities. At the outset, however, it is critical to recognize that the subsistence, social, cultural, and spiritual values derived from the ownership of one's ancestral 

lands are very real and quite substantial. Most economists would agree that these values should count in 

a complete assessment of economic benefits, because we rake the term "economic benefit" to mean anything 

that increases a person's well-being. But most people would also agree that it would be pointless and perhaps 

insulting to attempt to place dollar figures on these values. 

Most observers would also agree that the corporations have provided valuable economic and social 

benefits through their political power, skills, and ability to nurture leadership qualities among shareholders. 

It seems to be a political fact that land ownership and economic power increase political effectiveness. But, 

as with cultural and spiritual values, it is not the goal of this chapter to place dollar values on the political 

effectiveness of the village and urban corporations. 

There are ten village corporations and two urban corporations certified under ANCSA in Southeast 

Alaska. Table 7.1 presents basic data on their size and landholdings. Southeast Alaska village corporations 

differ from village corporations throughout the rest of the srate in two important ways. First, the Southeast 

corporations each received only one township (23,040 acres), while most other villages each received 

between three and six townships, depending on their populations. They received less land because of the 

earlier Tlingit-Haida cash payment, which ANCSA section l6(c) deemed to be "in lieu of the additional 

acreage" conveyed to other villages by ANCSA section ll. Second, much of the land selected by the 

Southeast corporations contained valuable standing timber resources. Very few other villages in Alaska 

found themselves surrounded by such an economically valuable resource. 

Taken together, these two unique features fairly guaranteed that all twelve Southeast village corporations would become heavily involved in timber harvesting. As we discuss below, this involvement 

produced great economic benefits for many Southeast urban and village corporation shareholders. 

However, at-large shareholders did not share in these benefits, because they owned only a relatively small 

amount of timber per person, through Sealaska. 

Insert offset folio 395 here 98942A.339

Table 7.1: Southeast Alaska Village and Urban Corporations 

Number of ANCSA Actual Land 

Village share- Land -Before 1979- 1980- To

Corporation or holders Entitlement 1979 1981 1991 

Cape Fox Corporation Saxman 230 23,040 3,763 14,019 3,793 

Haida Corporation (b) Hydaburg 563 23,040 20,810 (5,204) Huna Totem Corporation Hoonah 876 23,040 21,326 1,269 

Kake Tribal Corporation Kake 551 23,040 21,711 794 

Kavilco, Inc. Kasaan 119 23,040 23,053 14 

Klawock -Heenya Corporation Klawock 508 23,040 19,792 2,539 

Klukwan, Inc. Klukwan 253 23,040 892 21,349 1,489 Kootznoowoo, Inc. (c) Angoon 628 34,000 7,710 18,120 

Shaan-Seet,lnc. Craig 317 23,040 20,857 1,710 

Yak-Tat-Kwaan, Inc. Yakutat 392 23,040 1 20,103 2,901 

Subtotal foViilage Corporations 4,437 241,360 4,656 190,729 27,424-· 

Shee-Atika, Inc. (d) Sitka 1,853 26,070 26,263 

Goldbelt, Inc. (d) Juneau 2,722 31,316 30,736 

Subtotal 2 Urban Corporations 4,575 57,386 0 56,999 ·a- 

Total Village and Urban Corporations 9,012 298,746 4,656 247,728 27,424 

(excludes Sealaska) 

Percentage of Land Entitlement Conveyed 2% 83% 9% 

(a) Table shows conveyances of surface estate only. 

(b) The Haida Exchange Act of 1986 resulted in a reduction in entitlement of about 5,000 acres. 

(c) Section 506(a)(3-6), ANILCA granted additional acres to Kootznoowoo, some with restrictive covenants 

(d) Shee Atika and Goldbelt were entitled to 23,040 acres through ANCSA; subsequent 

negotiations and land trades resulted in additional entitlements in exchange for giving 

up claims to Admiralty Island lands. 

Source: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 10, Native Land Selections 

Statistics as of July 19, 1991; Village Corporation Reports; Hoffman (1987) 

File: VREPORTS.WK3 
357 


Insert offset folio 396 here 98942A.340

FINANCIAL BENEFITS 

Some Economic Benefits Were and Are the Same for 

All Shareholders-Village, Urban, and At-Large 

ANCSA required all eligible Alaska Natives to enroll in a regional corporation. In addition, every 

ANCSA enrollee is also a village corporation shareholder within that region or an urban corporation 

shareholder or an "at-large" shareholder-a shareholder (like all of those enrolled to the five study communities) who has no village or urban corporation. 

There are two categories of financial benefits from ANCSA which village and urban shareholders and 

at-large shareholders received in equal amounts but in different ways. Payments from the Alaska Native 

Fund were disbursed on what was essentially an "equal payments per capita" basis. First of all, every 

ANCSA shareholder received about $1,000 in cash from the fund. These payments totalled about 8 percent 

of the total cash settlement. Next, regional corporations received about 46 percent of the total cash, allocated 

according to the number of shareholders enrolled to each region. On average, each regional corporation 

received about $6,000 per shareholder as start-up capital. The remaining 46 percent of the cash was 

distributed at the rate of about $6,000 per ANCSA enrollee among the village corporations and the urban 

and at-large shareholders. 

The same general distribution scheme was mandated by ANCSA section 7(i) for the sharing of net 

natural resource revenues earned by regional corporations. Section 7(i) requires that 70 percent of all such 

resource revenues (from subsurface resources and timber) be put into a pool which is shared equally among 

all ANCSA shareholders. As with Alaska Native Fund payments, half oft he poe! is distributed to all twelve 

in-state regional corporations (including the corporation generating the revenues). The other half of the 

pool is distributed to village corporations and directly to urban and at -large shareholders. The payments are 

distributed as equal amounts per person. 

The village corporations typically treat their 7(i) receipts as part of their general revenue stream, so the 

immediate disposition of these payments depends on how the corporations choose to distribute or invest 

the funds for their shareholders' benefit It is likely that some corporations invested their ANCSA cash and 

7(i) payments to earn higher returns than those received by at-large shareholders who got their cash 

directly. Some corporations may have squandered these payments on bad investments. We don't know 

because we can't trace individual dollars once they become general corporation revenues. In any event, we 

show below that both of these cash payment streams have proven to be of minor importance when 

compared with the financial benefits produced from timber harvesting on corporate lands. 

In summary, then, every ANCSA shareholder had and still has an equal claim to both initial ANCSA 

cash payments and section 7(i) resource revenue payments. Regional corporations collect half of these 

payments. The other half is collected either by a village corporation or by the individual urban or at-large 

shareholder. Because of the way these Alaska Native Fund payments and section 7(i) resource revenue 

payments are equally distributed among all shareholders, regardless of status, we do not consider these 

payments further. 

93 
358 


Insert offset folio 397 here 98942A.341

FINANCIAL BENEFITS 

94 

Land Selections of Southeast Village and Urban Corporations 

Section l6(b) of ANCSA required village corporations to select lands that included the villages 

themselves. However, the land selection process in Southeast Alaska has been particularly complex 

and arduous and has resulted in five village selections a considerable distance from the villages. As 

Knapp (1991) notes: 

This is due in pan to restrictions within ANCSA on where selections could take place and in pan to later 

provision of alternative selection areas off of Admiralty Island to resolve disputes. In addition, several land 

trades have taken place between the Forest Service and Nanve village corporations after the original 

conveyances. (p. Ill-ll 

The written record is poor on what criteria villages used in selecting lands. The limited evidenceand the final outcome-suggests that many lands were selected primarily for their timber values. Such a 

strategy would be economically rational, particularly if it was not possible to select lands surrounding the 

village. In these cases, there would be no conflict between local subsistence and aesthetic values and timber 

harvest goals. 

The urban corporations, for their pan, certainly could not select land contairting the cities of]uneau 

and Sitka. They were required by the implementing regulations of ANCSA to propose four townships 

within 50 miles of their cities. Goldbelt, the juneau corporation, was explicit about the economic basis for 

its selections: 

The basis for evaluanon fof proposed Withdrawals] were long-run net-dollar returns from the land with 

consideration given tot he special needs and values of Native shareholders. (Goldbelt 1975 Annual Report). 

Using these criteria, Goldbelt selected lands on western Admiralty Island. These selections. as well as 

Admiralty selections by Shee Atika (Sitka's urban corporation) and Kootznoowoo (Angoon's village 

corporation), caused a major dispute with environmental groups. The dispute was resolved through 

negotiated land trades, additional legislation in the 1980 Alaska Nationallnterest lAnds Conservation Act 

(ANILCA), and-in Shee Atika's case-through a protracted court battle. The end result was that land 

conveyances were delayed until 1981 and, for Shee Atika, logging was further delayed untill986. 

These outcomes are not atypical of the overall land selection process. As Table 7.1 shows, only two 

percent of Southeast's village and urban land entitlements were conveyed prior to 1979. With the exception 

of Kootznoowoo, the corporations received most of their land between 1979 and 1981. By 1991, about 

94 percent of the total entitlement for Southeast corporations had been conveyed. 

The Amount of Timberland Per Shareholder Varied Widely 

Overall, the many constraints on the land selection process resulted in substantial disparities in the 

value of timberlands conveyed to the corporations. An additional-and perhaps more important-source 

of the difference between the amount of economic benefits received per shareholder by at-large, urban, and 

village shareholders is the simple fact that several fixed pools of the key economic resource-timber-were 

divided among widely varying numbers of people. Thus, although C.oldbelt (an urban corporation) gained 

title to slightly more timberland than Klukwan (due to a land trade), Goldbelt had more than ten times the 

number of shareholders among which to divide the benefits of any timber harvest. 
359 


Insert offset folio 398 here 98942A.342

fiNANCIAL BENEATS 

Of even greater significance is the difference between the amount of timberland "owned" by the average 

at-large Sealaska shareholder, and the average village or urban corporation shareholder. The data in 

Table 7.1 and in Knapp (1991, p. ll-5) can be used to show that the average Sealaska shareholder "owns" 

about 17 acres of timberland conveyed to Sealaska. However, section 7(i) resource sharing obligations 

reduce the effective amount owned to only 8 acres per Sealaska shareholder1 This is all the timberland 

that is available to generate timber revenue for an at-large shareholder. However, the average urban 

corporation shareholder "owns" an additionall3 acres of land, for a total of 21 acres. The average village 

corporation shareholder "owns" an additional 54 acres of land, for a total of 62 acres. And a shareholder 

of Kavilco Corporation-Kasaan's village corporation, which has the smallest number of shareholders--

owns an additional 194 acres, for a total of 202 acres per shareholder. 

Finally, in considering these differences, it is important to remember that while ANCSA section 7(i) 

was designed to share the economic benefits of unequally distributed resources by requiring that regional 

corporations share 70 percent of their net revenues from natural resource development, the act required 

no such redistribution of village corporation timber revenues. 

Direct Financial Benefits from VIllage Corporations 

With this background established, we now consider the direct financial benefits which urban and 

village corporation shareholders received but at-large shareholders did not receive. Of course, finandal 

benefits are only one type of benefit received by shareholders of the land-owning corporations. Nevertheless, they seem to be important to many shareholders, judging from the repeated calls made on corporate 

management for faster and greater cash distributions. In addition, the financial results are one of the few 

outcomes which can be measured objectively. 

The financial data available for this study are limited to a fairly complete set of annual reports from five 

village corporations and both of the urban corporations.2 Since it is not our goal to compare and contrast 

the financial performance of individual village corporations, we present the village data in composite form, 

as a weighted average of the five sets of village data. The result gives a sense of what the "average shareholder" 

of these five corporations received. 

legitimate concerns have been raised by reviewers regarding the extent to which the "sample" of five 

village corporations adequately represents the total population of ten village corporations. (This is not an 

issue forthe two urban corporations, both of which provided data). The five villages for which we present 

data are a "non-random" sample because four of the five have more than 500 shareholders, while only 

five of the ten villages in the population have more than 500 shareholders. As a result, the average number 

of shareholders used to compute per capita figures for the sample is 563, while the average number of 

1 Section 7(i) receipts data compiled in Colt (1991) suggest that for every dollar of net resource revenue generated 

by Sealaska, 45 cents is ultimately retained within the Sealaska region by Sealaska, the village corporations, and the 

ur~ and at -large shareholders. 45 percent of 17 equals 8. 

We asked all twelve corporations for their annual reports, but the majority declined to provide them. We thus 

relied mainly on the publicly available data at the State of Alaska division of securities. These data cover only the 

corporations with more than 500 shareholders. Smaller corporations are not required to file the data. 

95 
360 


Insert offset folio 399 here 98942A.343

fiNANCIAL BENEFlTS 

96 

shareholders for the population is only 444. This size bias means that, if the average corporate income 

generated by the five sample corporations is equal to the average for all ten, then the per capita figures 

reported below are an understatement of the average per capita figures for the entire population. 

Since village corporations received essentially equal amounts of timberland, it seems reasonable to 

assume that large size is not correlated with higher cash profits. This assumption is supported by the 

fact that two of the smallest corporations (Kavilco and Klukwan) are widely recognized to be among the 

most profitable of all ten village corporations, while the two "large" urban corporations distributed substantially less cash than the five village corporations in our sample. Therefore, we can be fairly confident 

that per capita results presented here for five village corporations are a slight understatement of the 

population averages. 

Finally, while the sample only covers five of ten village corporations, it covers almost two-thirds 

(64 percent) of the village shareholders. With 100 percent of the 4,575 urban shareholders covered, 

the data presented in this chapter reflects the actual benefits received by 82 percent of the affected vtllage 

and urban shareholder population. 

Table 7.2 presents a summaty of the financial benefits received by the shareholders of the five corporations in our sample. The table focuses on three things: appraised timber value, cash distributions, 

and reported book equity in 1992. We report the data as totals and as amounts per shareholder. ln 

addition to the weighted average values, we show the maximum and minimum values for each data item 

for each year. These minimum and maximum numbers are a mixture of data from various corporations, 

and do not represent the complete set of values from two particular corporations. 

Appraised Value of Timberland 

The table shows that these five village corporations received timberlands with a final appraised value 

that ranged from about $100 million to $300 million. These values translate into an appraised resource 

wealth which averaged over $330,000 per shareholder. These appraised value numbers do not, of course, 

equate to money in the bank for village corporations ortheir shareholders. There are two reasons forthis. 

First, these final appraised values represent the result of several re-appraisals undertaken to establish the 

basis for computing taxable net operating losses (NOLs). The corporations had a strong incentive to maximize the value of these appraisals. Second, the appraised value was computed as of the time of conveyance, 

when timber prices were high (Knapp 1992, p. 23). In spite of these limitations, the data provide general 

support for the conclusion that the timber endowments of the village corporations were quite substantial 

when compared to any other available measure of ANCSA-related wealth. 

Cash Distributions to Shareholders 

Table 7.2 next presents the average, maximum, and minimum annual cash distributions to village 

shareholders. The maximum and minimum values are expressed only as dollars per shareholder. The table 

shows that there were minimal distributions before 1980. Average distributions increased steadily through 

the early 1980s, as the village corporations made money selling timber. There was a dramatic acceleration 

in 1987, when the first proceeds from the sales of net operating losses (NOLs) were received. The average 

distribution peaked at $10,040 per shareholder in 1989, at the height of the NOL sales wave. Since then, 

high distributions have been largely funded from the interest generated from invested NOLsales proceeds. 
361 


Insert offset folio 400 here 98942A.344

Table 7.2: Direct Financial Benefits from Five Southeast Village Corporations 

Average of5 Range of Values (1) 

Villaae Corporations Maximum Minimum 

Original Shareholders 563 876 253 

Land Entitlement (acres) 25,232 34,000 23,040 

Dollars Maximum Minimum 

Total per Total Total 

Final estimate of value of timber ($000) Shareholder Value Value 

at time of conveyance 186,107 330,446 309,569 107,730 

Shareholder Distributions Dollars Maximum$ Minimum$ 

Fiscal Total per per per 

Year {$000) Shareholder Shareholde Shareholde 

1977 0 0 0 0 

1978 0 0 0 0 

1979 71 126 700 0 

1980 338 601 2,000 0 

1981 1,453 2,580 9,100 175 

1982 26 46 255 0 

1983 234 416 1,058 0 

1984 501 889 5,100 0 

1984A (2} 536 952 10,600 0 

1985 840 1,492 9,500 0 

1986 781 1,387 10,000 0 

1987 3,492 6,200 20,000 300 

1988 5,081 9,021 19,010 1,200 

1989 5,655 10,040 30,000 1,000 

1990 5,015 8,904 36,000 1,200 

1991 3,643 6,469 28,000 1,003 

1992 (3) 4,713 8,368 34,364 0 

Total Distributions (4): 32,379 57,491 195,964 7,446 

Reported Book Equity, 1992 65,936 117,073 423,813 41,866 

(includes some ANCSA land assets) 

Notes: 

(1) The range of values is calculated separately for each item or year. 

Therefore, each column is a mixture of values from different corporations, 

and the maximum value for Total Distributions is not equal to the sum of each 

year's maximum values, etc. 

(2) Several corporations adjusted the start of their fiscal year during the 1980s. 

As a result, there are in some cases more data points than calendar years. 

(3) Distribution Data for 1992 are incomplete. Average is computed from 

only 3 corporations. 

(4) The maximum and minimum values for total distributions are reported here. 

These are not the same as the sum of the maximums or minimums for partriculc 

years. Therefore, the maximum and minimum totals do not equal the sum of the 

values in those columns. 
362 


Insert offset folio 401 here 98942A.345

FINANCIAL BENEFITS 

98 

The amount of cash distributed to village corporation shareholders largely speaks for itself. While not 

enough to render the shareholders m11lionaires, the distributions are very large compared to any other 

financial benefits received by shareholders of other fu"'CSA corporations around Alaska. For example, 

Cook Inlet Region, Inc. (CIRI) is the wealthiest regional corporation in the state, with substantial endowments of oil and gas resources. Through 1990, CIRT had paid cumulative total dividends of about $10,000 

per shareholder (Colt, 1991) or only one sixth the average payments shown in Table 7.2. 

Reported Book Equity at 1992 

The final measure of financial benefit shown in Table 7.2 is the reported shareholder equity on the 

corporation's books as of 1992. Shareholder equity represents the portion of the corporation's assets 

which are owned "free and clear" by the shareholders. It is perhaps the best available objective indication 

of how much wealth the corporation currently holds on the shareholders' behalf. The use of book equity 

to describe the status of an ANCSA corporation is problematic for several reasons, all of which stem from 

the fact that the shares have never been available for selling or buying in the open market. But the practical 

effect of these problems is small for the Southeast village corporations. This is because the vast majority 

of the village corporations' assets are now in the form of financial securities-stocks and bonds--which 

do have market values. 

Table 7.2 shows that the average book equity per shareholder was $117,000 for our sample of five 

village corporations. This can be compared to the highest level of regional corporation book equity in 

1990-CIRI's $54,000 per shareholder. To make a truly fair comparison, however, one must remember 

that these equity numbers include the effect of the initial $6,000 per shareholder used as start-up monies 

by the corporations. lf an at-large shareholder had invested the $6,000 which he or she received directly 

from the Alaska Native Fund in the stock market, that shareholder might have had a personal "equity" 

of perhaps $10,000 avatlable by 1992. 

Finally, it must be remembered that shareholder equity is not in and of itself a direct financial benefit 

to shareholders unless they can sell their stock at will. Such sales are currently prohibited. The level 

of equity can only be used to give a rough indication of the potential future earning power of the corporation. 

If the equity can be used to earn a "normal" three to five percent return over and above inflation, then the 

average equity level of $117,000 could support annual inflanon-proofed distributions of between 

$3,500 and $5,800 per shareholder. The minimum equity amount, about $42,000, could support 

distributions of between $1,200 and $2,000 per shareholder. 

Direct Financial Benefits from Urban Corporations 

Table 7.3 presents the same financial data just discussed for the two urban corporations, Goldbelt and 

Shee Atika. All of the caveats mentioned above about interpreting the data also apply to these numbers. 

There are three main messages from the data in Table 7.3. First, the total appraised timber values are 

well within the range of the village corporation values, but because of the large number of shareholders, 

they translate into lower levels of appraised timber wealth per shareholder-only about one quarter of the 

average village corporation level. Second, the total per capita distributions from the urban corporations has 

been !ar less than the total from the five village corporations reported in Table 7.2. The average total per 

capita dJstrtbution of $10,933 from the urban corporations is only about one quarter of the minimum 

Insert offset folio 402 here 98942A.346

Table 7.3: Direct Financial Benefits from Two Southeast Urban Corporations 

Average of Two Goldbelt SheeAtika 

Urban Corporations 

Original Shareholders 2,288 2,722 1,853 

Land Entitlement (acres) 28,693 31,316 26,070 

Collars Dollars D

Total per Total per Total 

Final estimate of value of timber ($000) Shareholder ($000) Shareholder ($000) Sha

at time of conveyance 203,275 88,864 229,041 84,144 177,510 

Dollars Dollars D

Distributions to Fiscal Total per Total per Total 

Shareholders Year ($000) Shareholder ($000) Shareholder ($000) Sha

1977 0 0 0 0 0 

1978 0 0 0 0 0 

1979 0 0 0 0 0 

1980 0 0 0 0 0 

1981 0 0 0 0 0 

1982 0 0 0 0 0 

1983 0 0 0 0 0 

1984 0 0 0 0 0 

1985 0 0 0 0 0 

1986 0 0 0 0 0 

1987 3,554 1,554 3,403 1,250 3,706 

1988 409 179 817 300 2 

1989 780 341 817 300 742 

1990 728 318 953 350 503 

1991 1,243 543 953 350 1,533 

1992 4,219 1,845 953 350 7,486 

Total Distributions: 10,933 4,780 7,894 2,900 13,972 

Reported Book Equity, 1992 72,820 31,834 96,921 35,607 48,719 

(includes some ANCSA land assets) 

Source: Corporation Annual Reports 
364 


Insert offset folio 403 here 98942A.347

~~--~--~~~----~ ---------------------

FINANCIAL BENEFITS 

100 

amount in the village corporation sample. This is panly because land conveyances and logging were delayed 

for many years. 

The third message is that because of their large numbers of shareholders, the urban corporations will 

not be able to maintain more than modest levels of future distributions, at least compared to the village 

corporations. This fact was recognized by Goldbelt's president as early as !988: 

The past years have brought significant funds to Goldbelt, but they are not enough to make more than a 

small, one-time difference in the way of life for our shareholders ... Goldbelt now has a solid economic basis 

to prOVIde modest (as ro real needs of our shareholders) cash dlVidends and to focus some of 1ts energy on 

the legitimate concerns of our shareholders in such areas as education (Goldbelt !988, p. 3). 

In summary, the urban corporations have generated direct financial benefits on par with the most 

successful regional corporation and far in excess of those received by at-large shareholders of Sealaska. 

However, because of land conveyance delays, other business problems, and-most imponant-their 

larger number of shareholders, these two corporations have produced far less direct financial wealth than 

the village corporations, on a per-shareholder basis. 

Sources and Uses of Financial Wealth 

The data shown in Tables 7.2 and 7.3 conceal a rich and diverse history of the business operations 

and political struggles of the village and urban corporations. A detailed examination of that history is 

well beyond the scope of this study. However, it is imponant to be aware of the general features of this 

operating history. 

Early Timber Harvests 

In a nutshell, the village and urban corporations were largely dormant as large-scale business operators 

until they received conveyance of their timberlands. This occurred between 1979 and 1981 for most 

corporations. Timber prices at that time were at a historical high, but proceeded to slide rapidly during the 

next five years. Knapp repons: 

Prices for Alaska expon logs were at historically high levels in 1980 when large-scale timber harvests were 

beginning on Native lands. By 1983, with world timber markets in a deep depression, export log pnces 

had fallen sharply. In 1987 and 1988, export log prices rebounded, and by 1989 markets were at or above 

!980 levels. 

Cape Fox Corporation (!983) reports that average trmberprices receJved by the corporation declined from 

$750/MBFin 1980 to $375/MBF in 1982. With rising log production costs, the return to the corporation 

from trees sold dropped 45 percent in only a two-year span (Knapp, 1992, p. 23). 

As indicated in the quotation above, the declines in the expon price of timber are magnified when 

translated into the "netback" value of the timber itself. This occurs for two reasons. The first is that logging 

cosL,, which must be recovered out of export prices, do not drop when the expon price drops. The full brunt 

of the expon price decline is felt in the "residual" or "net back" price of the standing timber. The second 

reason is that when the expon price drops, the quantity of timberwhicb is economic to harvest at all drops---

more trees must be left standing because they cost more to cut than they are wonh. 
365 


Insert offset folio 404 here 98942A.348

FL'IANCIAL BENEFITS 

For both these reasons, the value of standing timber and hence the return to logging operations 

declined sharply after 1980. Unfortunately, however, many corporations were trapped by heavy debt loads 

and forced to actually accelerate their harvests to meet these debt payments (Knapp, 1992, p. 32). As a 

result, several corporations made very little money from actually selling timber and logging during the 

1980-1986 period, even when their ANCSAtimberconveyanceswere treated as a free input to the business. 

NOLSales 

In 1986, a provision of the Tax Reform Act made Alaska Native corporations the only legal sellers of 

accumulated tax net operating losses (NOLs). The legislation dramatically increased the corporations' 

bargaining power, and the village and urban corporations had significant accumulated losses to sell. The 

tax laws allowed them to compute losses as the difference between the value of a given log at the time of 

conveyance, and the value of that log when cut, sold, or written off as having no value. All seven of the 

corporations in our sample undertook at least one and in some cases several reappraisals of the value of 

their timber at the date of conveyance. These resulted in dramatic increases in the appraised value of timber 

for tax purposes. 

Between 1986 and 1988, when Congress prohibited further sales, the seven corporations in our sample 

of Southeast village and urban corporations earned over $430 million by selling NOLs to other US 

corporations. To do this, they claimed losses of about $1.2 billion. While some of these losses stemmed 

from timber which had already been cut or sold during the period 1981 through 1985, a significant number 

were generated in a flurry oflast -minute transactions generated by the strong incentives of the tax law and 

the soundly-based fear that these opportunities might soon disappear. 

As of 1992, much of the cash generated by NOL sales remained locked up in escrow accounts pending 

IRS audits of the transactions. The record to date suggests that, at least among other regional corporations, 

most of the NOL revenues for which examinations are complete have eventually been released. However, 

in the current proceedings related to timber transactions, the IRS has taken an aggressive posture, and it 

is dearly impossible to predict the outcomes. In the meantime, investment income from these funds 

generally belongs to the corporation. 

Overall Financial Effect of logging and NOL Sales 

By 1991, almost all the village and urban corporntion timber had been cut 3 The overnll financial effects 

of this decade of timber harvest and NOL sales are summarized in Tables 7. 4 and 7 5. These tables provide 

a concise financial history of the five Southeast village corporations and two urban corporations in our 

sample for the period from inception through 1992. To focus on actual cash returns, the tables exclude the 

values assigned to ANCSA timber conveyances and the associated depletion expenses. 

3The residual economic values of hatvested lands could vary widely. Knapp (1991, p. N-22) notes that such 

values could range from as high as several thousand dollars per acre to as low as $100 per acre depending primarily 

on access, property characteristics, and potential timber productivity. However, Knapp also notes that there is 

currently no stated interest by any village corporation in selling any of its harvested lands (p. 1-2). 

101 
366 


Insert offset folio 405 here 98942A.349

Table 7.4: Condensed Balance Sheet for 5 Southeast Village Corporations 

(Average Values, Excluding Timber Valuations and Depletion Expenses) 

Average Average 

Total Dollars 

Cumulative Flows of Wealth from 1973-1992 Amount per 

($000) Shareholder 

Initial Cash from Alaska Native Fund 3,400 6,038 

plus: Cumulative Cash Net Income Excluding NOL Sales 30,149 53,531 

plus: Cumulative NOL Sales Income and interest thereon 54,496 96,761 

equals: Total Sources of Wealth 88,045 156,329 

less: Cumulative Distributions to Shareholders (1) 30,494 54,144 

equals:1992 Shareholder Equity 57,551 102,185 

(excluding valuations of ANCSA lands) 

Total Uses of Wealth 88,045 156,329 

Notes: 

(1) Cumulative distributions differ slightly from those shown in Table 2, due to 

a different averaging process required for this balance sheet format. 

Table 7.5: Condensed Balance Sheet for 2 Southeast Urban Corporations 

(Average Values, Excluding Timber Valuations and Depletion Expenses) 

Average Average 

Total Dollars 

Cumulative Flows of Wealth from 1973-1992 Amount per 

($ 000) Shareholder 

Initial Cash from Alaska Native Fund 250 109 

plus: Cumulative Cash Net Income Excluding NOL Sales (6,937) (3,032) 

plus: Cumulative NOL Sales Income and interest thereon 79,019 34,544 

equals: Total Sources of Wealth 72,332 31,620 

less: Cumulative Distributions to Shareholders 10,933 4,780 

equals:1992 Shareholder Equity 61,399 26,841 

(excluding valuations of ANCSA lands) 

Total Uses of Wealth 72,332 31,620 

Sources for Tables 4 and 5: Calculated from Corporation Annual Reports 

! 
367 


Insert offset folio 406 here 98942A.350

fiNANCIAL BENEFITS 

Table 7. 4 shows the village corporation summmy. It can be thought of as the condensed balance sheet 

for a "composite" village corporation created by averaging the results for the five corporations in our sample. 

On average, these corporations received initial start-up cash of $3.4 million. They earned an average of 

about $30 million in net income from all business operations, but the vast majority came from timber 

operations. (ln fact, many of the non-timber ventures lost money, so this total may understate timber 

income). The village corporations earned an average of $54 million in NOL sales and the subsequent 

interest income from these invested funds. 

From this total of $88 million in accumulated wealth, about $30 million was distributed to shareholders. The remaining $57 million is held by the corporations in the form of assets otherthan lands. Much 

of these assets are in the form of various restricted funds intended to provide long-term distributions to 

shareholders. At least one village corporation has even approved a highly restrictive settlement trust fund, 

as allowed by the 1987 amendments to ANCSA. 

Table 7.5 shows broadly similar results for the two urban corporations. They received only a token 

$250,000cash infusion for stan-up costs. Excluding NOLsales, they had an average net loss of $7 million. 

This average reflects a small overall profit by Goldbelt and a large loss by Shee Atika, panly due to litigation 

costs and hotel construction costs. NOL sales proceeds averaged almost $89 million--cancelling the 

loss from other activities and bringing accumulated wealth up to $72 million. Total shareholder distributions averaging $11 million leave the urban corporations with an average $61 million in equity held as 

assets other than lands. 

Other Economic Benefits of Village and Urban Corporations 

Employment 

Providingjobs to shareholders is clearly one of the most significant economic benefits from village and 

urban corporations. Only scattered data are available on employment, and it is not possible to calculate a 

defensible estimate of total employment by corporations over the past decade. Nonetheless, the available 

studies and anecdotal evidence clearly shows that the village and urban corporations have been a very 

irnponant and effective source of jobs for shareholders. This evidence includes the following: 

A comprehensive study prepared for Sealaska estimated that the direct employment of all the 

village and regional corporations in 1985 was 633 persons. This total includes 450 people 

employed in the timberindustryusingNative lands (McDowell Group, 1986). Unfonunately, this 

study does not separate village corporations from Sealaska, does not break out shareholders, 

and is only available for a single year. 

One village corporation reponed that during actual timber harvesting between 1982 and 1987, 

"up to 40 shareholders were employed by the logging contractor, up to 6 were employed in the 

!corporate] office ... , and a fulllongshoring crew ... were employed" (Personal communication, 

corporation name withheld by request, July 1993). 

103 
368 


Insert offset folio 407 here 98942A.351

fiNANCIAL BENEFITS 

104 

Klukwan, one of the more financially successful village corporations durtng the 1980s, reponed 

in 1983 that29 shareholders were employed. By 1986 they reported "currently over 20 percent 

of the ortginal [253] shareholders are employed by Klukwan, Inc., and subsidiaries" (Klukwan, 

lnc., 1986 and 1983 Annual Reports). 

Kake Tribal Corporation reported 1988 shareholder employment in their logging operations of 

more than 40 shareholders (KIC 1988 Annual Report). Kake I ribal recently re-opened its coldstorage fish facility, generating more than 45 jobs (Tundra Times, june 30, 1993, p. 8). 

In evaluating this scattered evidence, it should be remembered that the data for both the years 1983 

and 1985 reflect poor years for the limber industry, and thus are likely to understate the employment 

generated during the later part of the decade. 

Scholarships and Charitable Giving 

All the corporations in our sample of seven have established some form of scholarship program or 

charitable heritage foundation. These foundations have made substantial contributions to shareholders' 

educational needs. As one example, the Shee Atika foundation had by 1992 made over 395 grants totaling 

more than $234,000 (Shee Atika 1992 Annual Report). 

Other Benefits 

The village and regional corporations have provided other economic benefits which are undoubtedly 

important to individual shareholders. These include, for example. the provision of a group life insurance 

plan by Kake Tribal Corporation and a $1,500 death benefit for Shaan-Seetshareholders. Similar programs 

were under study by the Kootznoowoo board in I 987. But at least one corporation prefers to maintain a 

more narrow focus on profits, leaving the responsibility for social programs to the Bureau oflndianAffairs 

and other sources of public funding (Hoffman, 1987 p.l5). 

Possible Extrapolation of Results 

It is clear that the Southeast Alaska village and urban corporations have been the most financially 

fortunate group of all ANCSA corporations on the basis of financial returns per shareholder to date. Uris 

comparison includes all the regional corporations. The data presented above show that there are two 

reasons forthis financial performance. The first is the endowment of valuable timberlands conveyed to the 

corporations. The second was the opportunity to sell non-cash losses--NOLs from declines in the value 

of timber-for cash. Tables 7.4 and 7.5 above suggest that the NOL sales generated significantly more 

income than actual timber harvests for the village corporations as a group, and provided substantially all 

of the net income for the two urban corporations. 

Does this mean that the financial fortune of these corporations is solely the result of the one-time ability 

to sell NOLs? The answer is a qualified no. Had there been no NOL sales opportunities, the corporations 

could have delayed their timber harvests unttl the late 1980s, when prices rebounded to 1980 levels. 
369 


Insert offset folio 408 here 98942A.352

fiNANCIAL BENEFITS 

If the financial results presented in this chapter are to be used for any sort of prediction of possible future 

performance, four important points must be kept in mind. First, the opportunity to generate large amounts 

of cash through NOL sales will not be available in the future. Second, the experience of several village 

corporations shows that is possible to generate large economic benefits for shareholders through timber 

harvesting alone, without depending on NOL sales. Third, the future income of any timber-based 

corporation will be based to a great extent on world market timber prices, which have proven to be quite 

volatile in the past. 

Finally, the days of timber harvesting on their own lands are largely over for most of the village 

corporations' They are entering a new era in which financial investments and diversified business 

operations will play the major role in determining their success. 

References 

Colt, Steve, 1991. "Financial Performance ofNative Regional Corporations," Alaska Review of Social and 

Economil: Conditions. Vol. XXVIII, No. 2. Anchorage. Institute of Social and Economic Research. 

Hoffman, Dee Olin, 1987. "Southeastern Native Corporations," Alaska Native Magazine, December. 

Kake Tribal Corporation, 1988 Annual Report. Kake, Alaska: Kake Ttibal Corp. 

Klukwan, lnc. Annual Reports [1975 through 1992]. 

Knapp. Guunar, 1992. Native Timber Harvests in Southeast Alaska. Report PNW-GTR-284. Portland, 

OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 

Knapp, Gunnar, 1991. Forest Service Acquisition of Harvested Native Lands in Southeast Alaska. 

Anchorage: Institute of Social and Economic Research. 

McDowell Group, 1986. The Sealaska Economy: A Study of the Economil: Impact of Native Corporations 

in the Southeast Region. juneau: The McDowell Group. 

4

The seven corporations in our sample had combined net timber assets of about $65 million in 1992. This is 

only 5 percent of their total appraised gross timber assets of $1.2 billion. While some of the difference between gross 

and net value is due to price changes, the vast majority of this accumulated depletions stems from actual harvest or 

sale of the trees. 

105 
370 

Mr. BARLOW. Based on the history set forth above, it is clear that 

those of us who enrolled to the five unrecognized communities and 

our heirs have been unjustly denied the financial and cultural benefits of enrollment in a village, urban or group corporation. The legislation before this Subcommittee today proposes simply to correct 

a 44 year wrong and grant rights that we, the Landless community, should have been given in 1971. 

In summary, we are Southeast Alaska Natives. These villages 

identified in Senate bill 872 are our traditional homelands. All we 

are asking is that the Congress recognize that fact and provide us 

with what we deserve under the law and equity, a chance to form 

ANCSA corporations for our people and for future generations with 

ties to our traditional communities. 

Sadly, many of the original shareholders who enrolled to these 

five communities have passed on and will never see this injustice 

resolved. I hope that you will help those of us original shareholders 

and our descendants finally secure recognition under ANCSA. It’s 

long overdue. 

In closing Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden and 

members of the Subcommittee, on behalf of the Southeast Alaska 

villages of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell, 

I want to once again express our extreme gratitude for your consideration of this important legislation. We urge you to support our 

efforts to be included in the benefits that ANCSA has brought to 

other Alaska Natives. 

I hope that this Subcommittee and the Senate will act quickly to 

ensure that we finally receive the recognition, long overdue, that 

we have deserved. And in our language, Gunalcheesh—Thank you. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Barlow follows:] 

371 


Insert offset folio 411 here 98942A.353

TESTIMONY OF 

LEO BARLOW 

REPRESENTATIVE FOR THE 

SOUTHEAST ALASKA LANDLESS CORPORATION 

Before the 

SENATE ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMITTEE 

SUBCOMMITTEE ON PUBLIC LANDS, FORESTS AND MINING 

Regarding S. 872 

The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

Recognition and Compensation Act 

October 8, 2015 

Good afternoon Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden, Senator 

Murkowski, and Members of the Subcommittee. I have traveled here today 

from Alaska to provide testimony regarding S. 872, a bill to provide for the 

recognition of five communities in Southeast Alaska in the Alaska Native 

Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). Thank you for this opportunity to testify on 

this important issue to several thousand Alaska Natives; and a special thank 

you to Chairwoman Murkowski and Senator Sullivan for introducing this much 

needed legislation, and for taking on our worthy cause. 

My name is Leo Barlow, and I have the great honor and responsibility of 

serving as a representative for the community of Wrangell on the Southeast 

Alaska Landless Corporation (SALC), which represents Alaska Natives enrolled 

through ANCSA to the Native villages of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, 

Tenakee and Wrangell. The people I represent today have suffered an injustice 

for more than 40 years; an injustice the legislation currently before this 

Subcommittee would address. 

In 1971, Congress enacted ANCSA to recognize and settle the aboriginal 

claims of Alaska Natives to their traditional homelands. ANCSA provided for 

establishment of Native Corporations to receive and manage funds and lands 

awarded in settlement of the claims of all Alaska Natives. While many villages 

throughout Alaska and Southeast Alaska were recognized and afforded the 

opportunity to establish Village or Urban Corporations and secure a Native 

land settlement, our five communities were denied these benefits of ANCSA. 

We have been fighting this injustice since ANCSA's passage. 

Under ANCSA, as Alaska Natives we enrolled to one of thirteen Regional 

Corporations and also to the villages where we lived or to which we had a 
372 


Insert offset folio 412 here 98942A.354

historic, cultural and familial tie. For example, I enrolled to the region for 

Southeast Alaska, and also to the village of Wrangell, my home town, where my 

ancestors have lived for many generations. A total of747 Alaska Natives 

enrolled to the Native village of Wrangell. Other members of our Landless 

Corporation enrolled to the four villages of Haines, Petersburg, Tenakee and 

Ketchikan. Those of us who enrolled to these five communities during the 

ANCSA process did so because these are our homelands and places of 

origin. Our families and clans originated in these communities. 

In section 11 of ANCSA, Congress set forth a general process for 

determining eligibility for each "Native village" in Alaska. Native villages 

throughout the State of Alaska were listed in this section, and the Secretary of 

the Interior was charged with making determinations as to whether the listed 

villages met the eligibility requirements. For a number of reasons, however, 

there was a different process created for determining eligibility of Southeast 

Alaska Native villages in section 16 of ANCSA. These reasons included the 

previous Tlingit and Haida Indian Claims cash settlement, the existence of the 

Tongass National Forest, the existence of large timber contracts secured by 

powerful pulp companies, and the significant non-Native populations of certain 

communities. I would note that at least one of our communities- Tenakee -

was at one time excluded from the Tongass National Forest through an 

Executive Order by President Roosevelt for purposes of an Indian Settlement. 

Therefore, the differing treatment due to creation of the Tongass National 

Forest was not justified in all circumstances. 

Another significant difference between Southeast and non-Southeast 

Alaska communities in ANCSA was the fact that Section 11 of ANCSA provided 

an appeal right for non-Southeast communities left off of the list of eligible 

villages, while Section 16 of ANCSA failed to provide the same appeal right to 

Southeast villages. Three of our Coalition's villages (Ketchikan, Haines and 

Tenakee) brought protests against this inequitable treatment to the Alaska 

Native Claims Appeal Board of the U.S. Department of the Interior through 

appeals in 1974 and 1977. The Appeals were rejected because Section 16 

made no provision for administrative reconsideration of the eligibility of villages 

in Southeast Alaska. Thus, we must appeal directly to Congress for help. You 

are our only recourse. 

Southeast Alaska was the first area of Alaska with significant settlement 

by non-Natives because of the inviting climate and abundant resources in our 

homelands. Although we welcome non-Natives who have chosen to live in 

Southeast Alaska, their presence does not make our homes any less "Native" 

than other villages in Southeast Alaska. Nonetheless, this was a significant 

factor in the exclusion of our five communities from the list of eligible 

Southeast Native villages in ANCSA. This occurred despite the clear evidence 

that each of these Communities has historic, cultural, and traditional Alaska 

Native characteristics. 

2 
373 


Insert offset folio 413 here 98942A.355

The 3,425 Natives who originally enrolled to Haines, Ketchikan, 

Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell comprised over 20 percent of the 

shareholders of Sealaska Corporation -- our Regional Corporation for 

Southeast Alaska -- in 1972. Over the years we have received revenue-sharing 

distributions from Sealaska pursuant to section 7(j) of ANCSA, but have not 

enjoyed the social, economic and cultural benefits of owning shares in a 

Village, Urban, or Group Corporation. Many of the Village or Urban 

Corporations in our Region have brought significant economic benefits to their 

communities. Additionally, we have been deprived of the significant cultural 

benefit of owning an interest in lands located within and around our traditional 

homelands. 

Some opponents argue that we have already seen the benefits of ANCSA 

due to "at-large" distributions through section 7(j) of ANCSA, and, therefore, 

have been treated fairly in ANCSA. These arguments clearly do not understand 

or comprehend the value of Native land ownership to our Native people. The 

connection to our land is what defines us as Native people not the 

distributions. Establishment of these new ANCSA Corporations and 

conveyance of Native lands will truly provide us with the benefits of ANCSA 

that we have been deprived of for so long. 

The history I am telling today is not based only on the opinions and 

conclusions made by Landless Natives. In 1993, Congress directed the 

Secretary of the Interior to prepare a report examining the reasons why the 

Unrecognized Communities had been denied eligibility to form Native 

Corporations under the Act. This report -- A Study of Five Southeast Alaska 

Communities (the ISER Report) -- strongly supports the conclusion that 

requirements for villages eligible to form Native Corporations were met by the 

Native villages of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell. The 

ISER Report noted that, with the exception of Tenakee, our communities 

appeared on early versions of Native village lists, and the subsequent omission 

was never clearly explained in any provision of ANCSA or in the accompanying 

conference report. 

The ISER Report also indicated that the populations and percentage of 

Natives in each of our communities, as well as the historic use and occupation 

of the lands, were comparable to those Southeast Alaska communities 

recognized under ANCSA's original language. Prior to passage of ANCSA, each 

of the Unrecognized Communities had been involved in advocating for the 

settlement of the aboriginal claims of that community. 

In short, the ISER Report found no meaningful distinction between the 

Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell 

and other communities listed in sections 14 or 16 of ANCSA, and thus no 

3 
374 


Insert offset folio 414 here 98942A.356

justification for omission from the list of communities eligible to form Urban or 

Group Corporations under ANCSA. 

Based on the history set forth above, it is clear that those of us who 

enrolled to the five Unrecognized Communities -- and our heirs -- have been 

unjustly denied the financial and cultural benefits of enrollment in a Village, 

Urban or Group Corporation. The legislation before this Subcommittee today 

proposes simply to correct a forty-four year wrong, and grant rights that we, 

the Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and 

Wrangell, should have been given in 1971. 

In summary, we are Southeast Alaska Natives. These villages identified 

in S. 872 are our traditional homelands. All we are asking is that Congress 

recognize that fact and provide us with what we deserve under law and equity: 

a chance to form ANCSA Corporations for our people and for future generation 

with ties to our traditional communities. Sadly, many of the original 

shareholders enrolled to these five communities have passed on and will never 

see this injustice resolved. I hope that you will help those of us original 

landless shareholders and our descendants finally secure recognition under 

ANCSA. It is long overdue. 

In closing, Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden, and Members 

of the Subcommittee, on behalf of the Southeast Alaska villages of Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell, I want to once again express our 

extreme gratitude for your consideration of this important legislation and we 

urge you to support our efforts to be included in the benefits that ANCSA has 

brought to other Alaska Natives. I hope that this Subcommittee and the 

Senate will act quickly to ensure that we finally receive the recognition we have 

deserved for more than forty-four years. 

Gunalcheesh (Thank You). 

4 
375 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Mr. Barlow. 

Next we will hear from Mr. Buck Lindekugel, who is the Grassroots Attorney for the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council. 

Thanks for joining us. 

STATEMENT OF BUCK LINDEKUGEL, GRASSROOTS ATTORNEY, 

SOUTHEAST ALASKA CONSERVATION COUNCIL 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. Thank you, Mr. Chair and Madam Chair. 

Thank you for inviting the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council (SEACC) to testify at today’s hearing. My name is Buck 

Lindekugel. I’ve been the SEACC’s Grassroots Attorney since 1990. 

Founded in 1970 SEACC is dedicated to preserving the integrity of 

Southeast Alaska’s unsurpassed natural environment while providing for balanced sustainable use of our region’s resources. 

We recognize the significant economic value that Tongass old 

growth has and the invaluable contribution it makes to the region’s 

thriving fishing and tourism based economic sectors, as well as the 

customary traditional practices so important to local communities. 

SEACC appreciates the histories and traditions of the Native 

peoples of Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, Tenakee and Haines. 

We also recognize the immense cultural benefit associated with 

maintaining customary and traditional use of the lands, waters, 

animals and plants of the region, uses that remain critical to maintaining the cherished way of life in this, the 21st century. Our 

highest goal remains to work with all our neighbors to protect the 

land, the waters, that support strong communities and vibrant cultures and to maintain resiliency and integrity of the Tongass. 

For these reasons we do not support reopening the Alaska Native 

Claims Settlement Act once again, this time to grant a chunk of 

the Tongass to five new, for profit, urban corporations. 

As our written testimony made clear we object to the behind 

closed doors process provided in the bill with the Secretary of Interior consulting with representatives of the five communities and 

Sealaska Corporation on possible selections. We are gravely concerned that, as drafted, the bill does not explicitly and plainly 

make off limits the special lands on the Tongass previously safeguarded by Congress in the 1980 Alaska Lands Act and 1990 

Tongass Timber Reform Act, lands as national monuments, wilderness, unlegislated, roadless wildlands. 

The Natives from these five communities are enrolled as at large 

shareholders of Sealaska Corporation, the largest private landowner in Southeast Alaska. And consequently they’ve already received fair and substantial benefits under the Native Claims Settlement Act. 

This bill as written causes more problems than it resolves. We 

urge the withdrawal of this bill and the start of dialogue in public 

beginning with hearings in the affected communities and their 

neighbors in Southeast Alaska next year. 

Our hope moving forward is to communicate honestly and openly 

and compassionately with the members of the five communities to 

find a solution that works for all Southeast Alaskans. 

Thank you for the opportunity to testify today, and I’d be happy 

to answer any questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Lindekugel follows:] 

376 


Insert offset folio 419 here 98942A.357

The Honorable Jon Barrasso 

Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

U.S. Senate 

366 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

October 6, 2015 

The Honorable Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

U.S. Senate 

366 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Re: Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and 

Compensation Act (S.872) 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

Please accept this testimony on behalf of the Southeast Alaska Conservation Council 

(SEACC) on S.872. Founded in 1970, SEACC is a grassroots conservation organization 

with members who live across Southeast Alaska, from Craig on Prince of Wales Island to 

Yakutat. SEACC's individual members include commercial fishermen, Native Alaskans, 

small timber operators and value-added wood manufacturers, tourism and recreation 

business owners, hunters and guides, and Alaskans from all walks of life. SEACC is 

dedicated to preserving the integrity of Southeast Alaska's unsurpassed natural 

environment while providing for balanced, sustainable use of our region's resources. We 

recognize that Southeast Alaska's greatest economic opportunities now lie in preserving 

Tongass old-growth rainforest, and the invaluable contribution it makes to the region's 

thriving fishing and tourism-based economy, as well as customary and traditional 

practices of local communities. 

SEACC appreciates the histories and traditions of the Native peoples from Ketchikan, 

Wrangell, Petersburg, Tenakee Springs, and Haines. Given our long history of working 

with local Native people to maintain and protect abundant customary and traditional 

resources and uses, we further recognize the immense cultural benefit associated with 

continuing those uses of lands, waters, animals and plants that support their way of life. 

Most recently, large-scale mining development upstream in British Columbia threaten the 

long-tenn health of the waters, salmon, herring and hooligan resources of the Taku, 

Unuk, Nass and Stikine Rivers, as do operations by Canadian mining companies 

operating in Alaska, such as the one threatening the productive Chilkat River. To 

safeguard our shared interests, SEACC has cooperated tirelessly with Tribes across 
377 


Insert offset folio 420 here 98942A.358

Southeast Alaska, including tribal leaders from Wrangell, Ketchikan, Haines and 

Petersburg. We are also assisting several Tribes in the development of robust Tribal 

monitoring and management programs for the waters, lands. and resources they are so 

connected to. We remain committed to these efforts. 

Late last year, seven years of controversy and debate ended when Congress finalized the 

Southeast Alaska's Native land entitlement issue by enacting section 3002 of Public Law 

No. 113-291 (Dec. 19, 2014), the Southeast Alaska Native Land Entitlement and Jobs 

Protection Act. This bill was the product of a long and strenuous process in which 

SEACC participated in good faith. As Senator Murkowski explained when she obtained 

final Senate passage of this bill on December 13, 2014: 

It has taken seven years, but I'm proud to say that we finally completed the land 

conveyance for Southeast Alaska's nearly 20,000 Native shareholders . 

Some 43 years after passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, the federal 

government will finally finish paying the debt we owe Natives for the settlement of 

their aboriginal land claims .... 

See Press Release, Murkowski Applauds Final Passage of Scalaska Lands Bill (Dec. 12, 

2014). 1 

Since all the Native people which S. 872 seeks to compensate are also Sealaska 

Corporation shareholders, it is unclear what new circumstance led Senator Murkowski to 

introduce this bill on March 25, 2015, and again seek to reopen the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act. We don't understand why additional public lands need to be conveyed 

from the Tongass National Forest to resolve claims fi·om Sealaska Corporation 

shareholders beyond 2014's full and final installment ofSealaska's land entitlement. We 

are concerned that as drafted, instead of resolving long-standing claims, the open-ended 

scope of the 115,000 acres of lands that could be selected and conveyed to these new 

"urban" corporations under the proposed bill will only generate more controversy and 

discord across Southeast Alaska. 

Proceeding with this legislation could also create additional inequities because Alaska 

Natives from Ketchikan, Wrangell, Haines, Tenakee, and Petersburg are considered Sealaska's 

"at-large" shareholders and as such already receive bigger Scalaska dividends than village 

shareholders. However, we recognize the deep cultural and spiritual tics that Tlingit, Haida, and 

Tsimshian peoples have long had with the land itself and understand their desire to possess at 

least a portion of their traditional ancestral territory. Fortunately, a mechanism for granting land 

to these five communities already exists. Congress set aside 2 million acres to be available for 

selection by one of the 12 Regional Corporations after all other claims were resolved. Lands 

conveyed to the two urban corporations of Juneau and Sitka came from this pool of lands. See 43 

U.S.C. § 1613(h)(3)(2013). If these 5 communities want lands, they should go where Congress 

intended- to Sealaska Corporation. the Regional Corporation for Southeast Alaska. 

SEACC Opposes S. 872 

October 6, 2015 
378 


Insert offset folio 421 here 98942A.359

We wish to highlight a couple of salient points in our testimony: 

• Section 2 ofS.872's misrepresents findings made by the University of Alaska's 

Institute of Social and Economic Research in its 1994 congressionally-directed 

study. Those researchers: 

o Did not find that Congress had "inadvertently" omitted any of these 

groups; and 

o Did not recommend that Congress should now award them land2 

• Section 6 of S.872 would grant each of these 5 "Urban" Native Corporations 

23,040 acres of high value "local" public lands, which could come from 

anywhere, including: 

o Lands on Admiralty Island and in the Misty Fjords designated as National 

Monuments by Presidential Proclamation in 1978 to protect their 

superlative scientific, cultural, and historic features, and Congressional 

designation in the 1980 Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act 

(ANILCA); 

o Wilderness Areas designated by Congress on the Tongass in the Alaska 

Lands Act of 1980 and 1990 Tongass Timber Reform Act (TTRA), 

including the Stikine, Karta, Chuck River, and South Etolin Island 

Wilderness Areas; 

o Lands designated by Congress in the 1990 TTRA and the 2014 Sealaska 

Corporation Lands Bill for perpetual management as roadless wildlands, 

also referred to a Legislated LUD II Areas, such as Kadashan, Trap Bay, 

Mud Bay, Anan, the Naha, Nutkwa, or the Honker Divide. 

o National Parks designated or expanded in ANILCA, including Glacier Bay 

National Park and Wrangell Saint Elias. 

Previous acts of Congress protected all of these special lands and they all should 

be made clearly off-limits to any and all possible selections/conveyances, without 

delay. 

Creates new inequities where none currently exist. 

o All Natives in Southeast Alaska received a beneficial interest in the lands 

conveyed to Sealaska Corporation, the largest private landholder in 

Southeast. 

o Sealaska's "at-large" shareholders, which include Alaska Natives from 

Ketchikan, Wrangell, Haines, Tenakee, and Petersburg, already receive 

bigger Scalaska dividends than village corporation shareholders. 

As pointed out above, Congress intended urban corporations created in Southeast Alaska 

to receive lands from the Regional Corporation for Southeast Alaska, Scalaska Corporation. 

We encourage Congress and the five communities to consider new and innovative forms 

of land ownership and management. The "maximizing short-term profit" model of 

'!'or the record. we submit a December 7. 1993 letter from thcn-ISER Director Lee Gorsuch to Amy 

Miller, Alaska Public Radio Network with our testimony. 

SEACC Opposes S. 872 

October 6, 2015 
379 


Insert offset folio 422 here 98942A.360

clearcut and export logging followed by ANCSA corporations in Southeast Alaska has 

not resulted in long-term sustainable dividends for shareholders. In virtually every case, 

timber-first management compromised salmon streams and wildlife habitat on lands that 

have supported customary and traditional uses for millennia. 

Today, there are a number of innovative models for managing forest lands that do a better 

job ofbalaneing forest values. For example, SEACC collaborated with the people of 

Hoonah and Kake, two predominantly Alaska Native communities, to craft Community 

Forest Plans that emphasized sustainable, community-based economic diversification. 

More recently, the Prince of Wales Tribal Conservation District, a project of the Alaska 

Tribal Conservation Alliance, is applying local and traditional knowledge to the 

management of natural resources in order to promote healthy people and healthy 

environments on Prince of Wales Island. This legislation is not in-line with the new 

vision of land management that is currently being crafted by the tribes themselves. 

We urge Senator Murkowski to withdraw this legislation and schedule field hearings in 

Southeast Alaska next year to discuss this matter with all the affected Alaska Native 

communities and their neighbors. The current bill creates more conflict in Southeast 

Alaska instead of resolving it. 

Thank you for including SEACC's testimony (with attachment) into the hearing record 

for S.872. 

Best Regards, 

Buck Lindekugel 

Grassroots Attorney 

SEACC Opposes S. 872 

October 6, 2015 4 
380 


Insert offset folio 423 here 98942A.361

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Ptm, the repon Is lUll a draft and not a ftnal repon. It's not unheard or lor dnaft repons to recetve news coverage, but we prepare c!raftuo kl\owled~able r.vtewm can help us ftnd any omlS$\ons or mistakes or other shottcomtngs before we reach the final version. liUt the laelthat the document IS a drah ts laslmponant than the !act that you reponea the submnce of the ,.pon tnaecunuely. 

we were asked. as Wt reponed. tn the prdace 10 the Rpon:, to eumtne two bruad Wuc.t. (l) wh•t 1S the &vatl&btc: factual tV1de:n.ce on why U?ng~" demc:d the nve study c.ommuntuc.s the wthonty (0 

form vllta;e or urban corporauons under the Alll$l<a Native Claims Settlemem A<t (ANCSA); and (2) ho"' does historiCal II>< and oo:<•panc:y 1n the five study communities compar< wtth use and oa:upancy tn other SOutheu! communltlet that recetvtd land under ANC5A. Btwae they were denied tht audwrtty to folll\ village or urt>an corporations, the ftve study communtttes received no land enndements. The atudy 

VIllages were not, however (tU you reported). denied all bene Ills under ANCSA. Qual!ned restdents of 

those villages received d the are at-large membel$ of Sealasl<a Jtl!lonal curporauon. 

ThiS report Will be presented to Congtt ... congre&s Will dectde wllstll any changes t·, make tn the stat\11 of \ht five: study villlg:.J, bUc:d on ttwl n:pon tnd othtr s:oufCt,, it was not tn our scope of 

WOrk tO make retommtndaUons-j\Ut lO pruent faaua1tnfonnatl<>n. 

We're always ~ad to ro«tv< news coverage o! our work. and we have tn the pall felt thai the Alaska Public Rad10 Network provided lair and accurate coverage. We would \tke you to set the record straight by alrtng a cOflt<tlon of thiS story. !!you have any questions 111 be glad to .. tk to you. 

cY~~ Dl=or,IS!\\ 

786-7710 

A DIVISION Of THe UNIV~i\SITY UP ALASKA STATI!WID! SYSll!M OP HlOHI!ft BOUCATION 
381 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much for your testimony. 

Next we will hear from Mr. Robert Lovingood, who is the 1st District Supervisor, San Bernardino County, California. 

Mr. Lovingood. 

STATEMENT OF HON. ROBERT LOVINGOOD, FIRST DISTRICT 

SUPERVISOR, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA 

Mr. LOVINGOOD. Mr. Chair and Madam Chair, thank you both. 

I’d like to testify today on the California Conservation Recreation 

Act of 2015. 

The legislation proposed a variety of designations throughout the 

California desert. The majority of the affects in designation exist 

within San Bernardino County. I appear before you in my capacity 

of San Bernardino Supervisor in the First District and Vice Chair. 

San Bernardino County is geographically the largest county in 

the contiguous United States with more than 20,000 square miles. 

The First District, which I represent, is 15,100 square miles. I represent approximately 450,000 constituents. 

Public lands are a major asset in San Bernardino County providing a number of the economic and recreational opportunities. In 

San Bernardino County more than 80 percent of the land is under 

Federal estate and jurisdiction of the BLM, U.S. Forest Service, 

Department of Defense. We have three military bases and three 

national parks on our lands. The Federal Government actively 

manages and protects these lands for conservation values and 

other uses. 

Before I begin I’d like to acknowledge and thank Senator Feinstein for her inclusive approach in developing the current legislation proposal allowing the county to comment during the drafting 

of the proposal. The Senator and her staff consulted with a number 

of local government and interest groups. This type of shareholder 

input is imperative to ensure any proposed designation provides a 

positive benefit for the variety of interests in the use of the desert 

that’s critical of multiple activities. While the final outcome may 

not garner full support by all, at least a variety of uses and values 

and concerns were considered. 

The centerpiece of the proposed legislation is the designation of 

two national monuments which would withdraw mining activities 

and other forms of mineral use from public lands. The proposed 

monuments are wholly or partially within San Bernardino County 

and spanned over one million acres. 

The mining concerns and economic development are paramount 

to us. When we look at this in San Bernardino County, one of our 

most significant economic drivers is the mineral industry. The 

county regulates over 100 mines which provide a variety of materials necessary for infrastructure, economic growth, national defense and countless consumer products. 

The proposed national monument status withdraws from public 

from mineral entry. This prevents the extraction of important minerals such as aggregates, basic commodities and rare Earths. The 

diminished access to the aggregates will increase the haul distance 

for road maintenance and material inhibiting disaster recovery, increasing the cost to taxpayer, fuel consumption, greenhouse gases, 

382 

traffic congestion and accelerated wear and tear on infrastructure 

that’s already aging and in dire need of repair. 

There’s a number of active mines within the proposed boundary 

including Castle Mountain. This area was not included in the 1994 

Desert Protection Act because it was an active gold mine. The Castle Mountain mine is still active and their permits allow them to 

continue mining through 2025. 

When Castle Mountain scales up in full production in the next 

phase the county anticipates the operation will become the second 

largest gold mine in California. It will provide over 300 jobs and 

over $225 million of tax benefits to the county. I understand the 

discussions with Castle Mountain are ongoing and appreciate the 

Senator’s interest in resolving. 

Senate bill 414 should include reasonable and practical assets to 

the actual areas being impacted. Currently within the Park Service 

there is no mechanism to guarantee access to landholders or mining activities within the proposed boundaries. 

Off road vehicle designations, while I have concerns with the bill, 

I appreciate the Senator’s efforts to include designated off road recreational area provisions for the local revenue sharing, not only 

that, also with renewable energy. San Bernardino provides the 

largest thermal solar energy within the state and also it’s PV production is growing daily. The designation at the renewables and 

the provisions included in the bill would ensure local governments 

receive compensation for utility scale renewable project on public 

land. This funding will allow the county to enhance public services 

to address impacts of these large projects in our regions. 

We also have to address the National Trails Route 66 Highway. 

It’s a highway that mirrors Interstate 40 and is used on a standard 

basis during emergency services. Any natural disaster that shuts 

down or impedes traffic on the 40 is rerouted to Highway 66. We 

have trestle bridges there that are over 80 years old. Anytime there 

has been impact with recent storms, travel is not permitted. We 

have to address those issues and the concerns of our communities. 

That will come at a major cost. We’ve also, over the years, lost 

PILT funding in the region with our lands which impacts us and 

doesn’t allow us to address the needs for public safety within our 

communities. 

In closing I would like to thank the Committee for their attention 

and also request the consideration of provisions in the legislation 

recently introduced in the House which strikes a reasonable compromise among recreational activity, environmental and by establishing a special management area. The measure would allow us 

protection of existing mining and reasonable mining expansion. I 

believe this proposal is a balanced approach for protecting, managing and using our desert areas in San Bernardino County. 

I appreciate the Chairman, your leadership and this Committee 

for careful deliberation on extremely important issue to the 450,000 

constituents we have. And if we look at this as an additional 

15,000 square miles, the 1994 Act took over 11,000 square miles. 

So to give you an idea of the first Act, three states here within and 

this is bigger than Rhode Island. So we just ask for your consideration and appreciate it today. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Lovingood follows:] 

383 


Insert offset folio 430 here 98942A.362

Statement of Robert Lovingood 

County of San Bernardino Supervisor, First District 

Before the 

Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

October 8, 2015 

Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden, and members of the Committee, thank you for 

the opportunity to testify before you on S. 414, the California Desert Conse!Vation and 

Recreation Act of 2015. This legislation proposes a variety of designations throughout the 

California Desert, the majority of the effects and designations exist within San Bernardino 

County. 

I appear before you in my capacity as County Supervisor in the First District of San Bernardino 

County, California. San Bernardino County is geographically the largest county in the 

contiguous United States at more than 20,000 square miles. I represent approximately 450,000 

constituents and my district encompasses over 15,000 square miles. Public lands are a major 

asset in San Bernardino County, providing a number of economic and recreational 

opportunities. 

In San Bernardino County, more than 80 percent of the land area is in the federal estate, under 

the jurisdiction of the U.S. Bureau of Land Management, the U.S. Forest Service and the 

Department of Defense. The federal government actively manages and protects those lands for 

conservation values and for other uses. 

Before I begin, I would like to acknowledge and thank Senator Feinstein for her inclusive 

approach in developing the current legislative proposal and allowing the County to comment 

during the drafting of the proposal. The Senator and her staff consulted with a number of local 

governments and interest groups. This type of stakeholder input is imperative to ensure any 

proposed designation creates a net positive benefit for the variety of interests that use the 

desert and that critical multiple use activities are preserved. While the final outcome may not 

fully garner support by all, at least a variety of uses, values and concerns were considered. 

The centerpiece of Senator Feinstein's proposed legislation is the designation of two National 

Monuments, which would withdraw mining activities and other forms of mineral use from public 

lands, except for existing operations. The proposed national monuments are wholly or partially 

within San Bernardino County, and span well over 1 million acres. 

!\f1ining and Economic Develojlment 

Concerns remain in regards to the proposed legislation and the potential negative impacts to 

mining, economic development and jobs in our County. In San Bernardino County, one of our 

most significant economic drivers is the minerals industry. The County regulates approximately 

1 00 mines, which provide a wide variety of materials necessary for infrastructure, economic 

growth, national defense, and countless consumer products. The proposed national monument 

status withdraws public lands from mineral entry; this prevents the extraction of important 

mineral materials, such as aggregates, which are the basic materials necessary for maintaining 

roads, bridges and local infrastructure. 

Diminished access to aggregate will increase the haul distances for road maintenance 

materials, inhibiting disaster recovery, increasing costs to the taxpayer, fuel consumption, 

Greenhouse Gases, traffic congestion and accelerate wear-and-tear on our aging roads and 

bridges. 
384 


Insert offset folio 431 here 98942A.363

There are a number of active mines within the proposed boundaries, including Castle Mountain 

mine. This area was not included in the 1994 California Desert Protection Act because it was an 

active gold mine. The Castle Mountain mine is still active and their permit allows them to 

continue mining and reclamation until December 2025. When Castle Mountain scales up to full 

production in the next phase, the County anticipates the operation will become the secondlargest gold mine in California, creating approximately 300 full-time positions with a direct tax 

benefit in excess of $225 million to the County. I understand discussions with Castle Mountain 

are ongoing and we appreciate the Senator's interest in resolving their concerns. S. 414 should 

include reasonable and practical access and the potential expansion of existing mining 

operations and a process for permitting. We do not see a mechanism for Park Service to issue 

mining permits in the proposed legislation. 

Off-Highway Vehicle Designations 

While I have concerns with the bill, I appreciate the Senator's efforts to include designated offhighway vehicle (OHV) recreational areas and provisions for local revenue sharing from 

renewable energy development. OHV recreation has an economic impact of at least $70 million 

to the County and supports numerous small and rural businesses in my County. The 

designation of multiple OHV recreation areas in the bill acknowledges that sustainable multiple 

uses on public lands should be preserved. 

Rene1111able Energy DeveloQment 

San Bernardino County has some of the largest solar energy projects in the world operating or 

under construction within our boundaries. Provisions included in the bill would ensure local 

governments receive compensation for utility-scale renewable energy projects on public lands. 

This funding will allow the County to enhance public services to address impacts from these 

large projects, especially in the remote desert communities. 

National Trails Highway/Route 66 

Revenues may be used to help offset much-needed repairs for National Trails Highway, Route 

66, a historic and iconic highway, which is the centerpiece of the proposed Mojave Trails 

National Monument. The highway serves as the only alternative route to Interstate 40 during 

emergencies and is a popular route of travel for American and international tourists. Several of 

the bridges were damaged during the storms this summer, requiring emergency closure of 

some sections. The County faces the daunting task of replacing these bridges, which require 

individual environmental clearances. This is a major cost and can take years to obtain. 

Additional provisions could be included in this bill to provide some regulatory relief to address 

needed repairs, enhancing public safety, and the experience for Route 66 travelers. 

In closing, I would like to thank the Committee for their attention and also request their 

consideration of provisions included in legislation recently introduced in the House, which strikes 

a responsible compromise among recreational activities and environmental preservation by 

establishing a special management area. The measure allows for protection of existing mining 

and reasonable future mining exploration. I believe this proposal is a balanced approach to 

protecting, managing, and using our desert areas in San Bernardino County. 

I appreciate, Mr. Chairman, your leadership and that of this Committee in your careful 

deliberation of this important issue. Thank you for the opportunity to testify before your 

committee, I welcome the chance to respond to any questions you may have. 

z 
385 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you very much, Mr. Lovingood. 

Next we will hear from Mr. Frazier Haney, who is the Conservation Director of the Mojave Desert Land Trust. Thanks for joining 

us. 

STATEMENT OF FRAZIER HANEY, CONSERVATION DIRECTOR, 

MOJAVE DESERT LAND TRUST 

Mr. HANEY. Good afternoon, Mr. Chairman, members of the Subcommittee, thank you for the opportunity to testify. My name is 

Frazier Haney, and I’m the Conservation Director for the Mojave 

Desert Land Trust and a volunteer board member for the 

Wildlands Conservancy. 

The Mojave Desert Land Trust is my home or the Mojave Desert 

is my home. Like others who are fortunate enough to live there or 

visit there, we cherish the rugged public lands that surround our 

rural communities. That’s why I’m pleased to be here today to express my strong support for S. 414, Senator Feinstein’s California 

Desert Conservation and Recreation Act. 

This important legislation permanently protects California’s 

beautiful desert landscapes, but it also ensures public lands are 

available to meet the needs of all those who live, work and recreate 

in the desert. The centerpiece of the bill is the creation of two national monuments, Mojave Trails and Sand to Snow. 

Mojave Trails includes broad sweeping valleys and majestic 

mountain views, the kind of landscape that defines the American 

West. Making the lands more valuable is the rich, cultural and historic resources found there. 

For example, the Creation Trail, sacred to the tribes along the 

Colorado River, connects the Fort Mojave, Chemehuevi, Crit, 

Quechan and other tribes to their ancestors. These lands also contain the second transcontinental railroad and the longest, intact 

stretch of Route 66 made famous through songs and stories like 

John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. 

The Mojave Trails also contain several camps and hundreds of 

square miles used by General Patton during World War II, known 

as the Desert Training Center, the remnants of which are still scattered across the landscape. 

Jeep trails off of Route 66 provide public access throughout the 

area for exploring, rock hounding and isolated camping, making 

Mojave Trails an outstanding recreation area. 

In 1999 the Catellus Development Corporation listed over 

600,000 acres of former railroad lands for sale in a checkerboard 

pattern spread out across hundreds of square miles of public lands. 

The Wildlands Conservancy answered the nation’s call by raising 

$45 million in private funds, coupled with $18 million in Land and 

Water Conservation Funds, to acquire, restore and protect these 

lands. 

The establishment of the Mojave Trails National Monument 

would fulfill the Federal Government’s commitment to protect 

these lands, honoring the spirit of the agreement that led 

Wildlands and its supporters to acquire and donate the land. This 

is roughly 20 percent of the proposed monument area. This would 

be for the permanent use and enjoyment by the American people. 

386 

The proposed Sand to Snow National Monument would protect 

one of the most biologically diverse mountain ranges in the United 

States and benefit surrounding rural communities that have built 

a thriving tourism economy. Within its boundary is 25 miles of the 

Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail as well as one of the premier 

locations in the United States for bird watching at Big Morongo 

Canyon Preserve. Because of the existing strong public/private 

partnerships in the monuments, thousands of volunteer hours and 

in-kind donations help agencies operate visitor facilities, run education programs and maintain trails. 

In addition to creating these three monuments, S. 414 would designate five wilderness study areas as permanent wilderness like 

the Avawatz and Soda Mountains, Buzzards Peak and the Great 

Falls Basin. These lands contain beautiful painted mountains and 

are important wildlife habitat. 

One hundred twenty-six thousand acres of wilderness study area 

in the California would be released under the S. 414. There are 

also national park additions like the Castle Mountains addition in 

Mojave National Preserve. And this remarkable landscape, steep 

rocky peaks, overlooks a high desert grassland where Golden Eagles forage and Pronghorn Antelope can soon be reintroduced. 

By enacting this legislation five existing off highway vehicle 

areas in San Bernardino County would be given permanent status 

covering approximately 135,000 acres. This designation will further 

secure these areas from loss of access by riders and protect the economic benefits they bring to local communities. Great care was 

taken to avoid conflict around conservation areas with off road vehicle interests. This bill ensures OHV enthusiasts that the places 

that they ride will remain available despite other potential uses for 

the public land. 

Because planning efforts like the Department of the Interior’s 

Western solar plan and the Desert Renewable Energy Conservation 

plan, this legislation has no conflict with renewable energy. 

Additionally, the boundaries of the conservation areas were vetted, carefully drawn to exclude existing mining operations and to 

the greatest extent possible, current mineral claims are left intact. 

Casual surface use and rock hounding is still allowed. 

I applaud Senator Feinstein’s unique and far ranging legislation. 

Rarely in the past would one find conservation and environmental 

groups joining arms with energy companies and off road recreation 

groups to advocate for the same legislation. But with its balanced 

approach to the use of public lands, this legislation has created a 

spirit of cooperation. 

It’s an honor to testify in support of the hard work of so many 

individuals and organizations have done to craft this legislation in 

the California desert. 

This concludes my testimony, and I’d be happy to answer questions. 

[The prepared statement of Mr. Haney follows:] 

387 


Insert offset folio 438 here 98942A.364

Testimony by Frazier Haney 

Conservation Director, Mojave Desert Land Trust 

Board Member, The Wildlands Conservancy 

Regarding S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

U.S. Senate Public lands, Forests, Mining Subcommittee 

October 8th, 2015 

Good afternoon, Chairman Barrasso, Ladies and Gentlemen. Thank you for the opportunity to testify on 

behalf of the S 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act, introduced in the Senate 

February 9th, 2015. My name is Frazier Haney, and I am Conservation Director for the Mojave Desert 

Land Trust, as well as a volunteer Board member for The Wildlands Conservancy. 

Senate Bill414 protects the values that people who live in and visit the California Desert love about the 

area. Our desert is a spectacular place, and only becomes more important as we study and understand 

it further. S 414 is the product of years of careful compromise between stakeholders, and enjoys wide 

support from environmentalists, businesses, elected officials, off-road groups, civic groups, and 

residents. Every effort has been made by the groups working on the bill to include those who have an 

interest in the areas the bill would affect and protect existing uses of the land. It includes protections 

for natural and cultural resources, tribal interests, military training interests, designations to maintain 

off-road vehicle trails and use areas, facilitates common sense land transfers, and helps us plan for 

renewable energy. 

I strongly support permanent protection for the ecosystem, and the scientific, historical, scenic, 

archaeological resources the lands in this legislation contain. 

National Monuments 

The centerpiece of the bill is the creation of two National Monuments- Mojave Trails and Sand to Snow. 

The 965,000 acre Mojave Trails National Monument encompasses many layers of human history in the 

West, protecting spectacular country that constitutes the heart of the Mojave Desert. It includes the 

Creation Trail sacred to Mojave Desert and Colorado River Tribes, along with a number of important 

sites for different Tribes. The second transcontinental railroad was constructed through the area in 

1881, and still operates along the same line today. The ghost towns along this stretch of the railroad still 

bear witness to the people who lived here during this time, with old structures, cemeteries, and artifacts 

scattered throughout the area. This rail corridor made a logical path to follow through this long dry 

stretch in the 1920's when Route 66 connected Chicago to Los Angeles, the first paved road to facilitate 

automobile travel across the United States. Made famous through songs and stories like John 

Steinbeck's the Grapes of Wrath, it has been dubbed "The Mother Road." It is on The World 

Monuments Fund's Watch List of endangered sites since 2008, and the National Trust for Historic 

Preservation included its motels on a list of" America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places" in 2007. 

Mojave Trails contains the longest intact stretch of Route 661eft in the United States. Mojave Trails also 

contains several camps and hundreds of square miles used by General Patton in World War 2 known as 

the Desert Training Center. Remnants of this military training operation are written on the landscape, 

from tank tracks to abandoned campsites and old airstrips. 

More than a thousand miles of four wheel drive roads provide public access throughout the area for 

exploring, sight-seeing, rock-hounding, and isolated camping. Opportunities for hiking in places like 
388 


Insert offset folio 439 here 98942A.365

Bonanza Spring, the Cadiz Sand Dunes, and the Pisgah Lava Flow make Mojave Trails an outstanding 

outdoor recreation area. Mojave Trails contains at least 25 rare plant species, three of which are so 

newly discovered they haven't been named and catalogued. The proposed Monument encompasses 

bighorn sheep migration corridors, foraging and nesting ground for golden eagles, and connects three of 

the six desert tortoise recovery units in California. 

The proposed Monument includes 196,000 acres of land acquired for conservation purposes. In 1999, 

the Catellus Development Corporation listed over 600,000 acres of former railroad land for sale in a 

"checkerboard" spread across National Parks, Wilderness areas, Critical Habitat, and public lands. These 

lands had been vetted by the minerals department of Santa Fe Pacific Railroad, and were found to have 

little or no economic mineral value. The Wildlands Conservancy donated $45 million in privately raised 

funds to the U.S. Department of the Interior to acquire, restore, and protect these lands. Then Vice 

President Gore called these lands "some of the most pristine and scenic desert lands in the world" and 

stated "These stunning California Desert lands are being preserved for future generations through a true 

public- private partnership ... " The Mojave Trails National Monument would ratify this protection. 

Sand to Snow National Monument protects one of the most biologically diverse mountain ranges in the 

United States, and serves as a scenic backdrop for communities that are built around eco-tourism and a 

rural lifestyle. The Monument allows hundreds of thousands of people each year to get away from the 

nearby urban areas to enjoy camping in the mountains, picnicking near desert streams, and hiking to the 

highest point in Southern California, the 11,500 foot high Mount San Gorgonio. It contains 25 miles of 

the Pacific Crest National Scenic Trail, as well as one of the premier location in the Southwestern United 

States for bird watching at Big Morongo Canyon Preserve. At least 66 rare plant species are found in 

the proposed Monument, as well as a great number of rare or endangered birds, reptiles, and insects. 

Designation as a National Monument would bring increased coordination between various land 

management agencies. This area is blessed with a strong public-private partnership between the Forest 

Service, Bureau of land Management, San Gorgonio Wilderness Association, Friends of the Big Morongo 

Preserve, and the Wildlands Conservancy. Thousands of volunteer hours and in-kind donations help 

agencies operate visitor facilities, education programs, and maintain trails. This collaboration helps 

ensure these well-used lands will be maintained and advocated for into the future. 

Wilderness 

S 414 would designate five new wilderness areas and add to existing wilderness on public lands under 

management by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM). The bill will also expand Death Valley National 

Park, Joshua Tree National Park, and the Mojave National Preserve. Altogether, the new desert 

protection bill would protect over 420,000 acres forever by designating them as wilderness or park 

additions. These designations will formalize designations for lands studied since 1980 for their 

wilderness quality. Additionally, the bill releases 126,000 acres of Wilderness Study Areas from the Cady 

and Soda Mountains, releases intended to accommodate renewable energy development, allow for 

potential transmission needs and address local government wishes for WSA release. Generations to 

come will be able to experience the beautiful solitude ofthe California desert and link to past 

generations through these lands. Wildlife will be able to use corridors that have become increasingly 

important with climate change, and, rare and endangered plant and animal species will benefit by 

protecting their habitat. 
389 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you, Mr. Haney. 

We’ll start with a round of questions. 

Senator Murkowski. 

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. 

Mr. Ellis, let me begin with you regarding S. 872. You have indicated that the Administration opposes this legislation but that you 

are willing to work with us, which I appreciate. I also appreciate 

the willingness to work with us on some of the existing eligible 

communities that do not have administrative remedy. So we have 

some work to do there. 

You do indicate in your written testimony that you seem to be 

concerned that given what we are doing with processing the conveyances owed to Alaska Natives and the State of Alaska under 

several Federal acts, that, we have a lot yet to do. Believe me, I 

know how much we have to do because it was my 2004 legislation 

that tried to speed this up and we are not moving at a rate I would 

like. But I am concerned that you would think that with the limited conveyances that we are talking about here that somehow or 

other this derails your process. It would add to your workload, I do 

not disagree, but I cannot believe that it is going to considerably 

delay. 

The question that I want to ask you, specifically, is your concern 

that somehow allowing for the five Landless communities, risks 

creating a precedent? You use the words, ‘‘it would create a continual land transfer cycle in Alaska.’’ I do not understand this because you acknowledge that it is only Southeast communities that 

were denied an appeals process to challenge corporation authorization decisions, and there are no other communities in Southeast in 

1970 that were considered for inclusion in the claims settlement. 

So I just do not see, possibly, how passage of a bill like this could 

possibly set a precedent for other native towns to seek to reopen 

status determinations. 

How do you think that this somehow risks creating a precedent 

or that it is a continual land transfer cycle? 

Mr. ELLIS. Madam Chair, thank you for the question. 

In the first part of your comment as far as the timeframe really 

for our BLM people in Alaska, these would be the same people that 

would be working on both sales. 

The CHAIRMAN. Right, I understand. 

Mr. ELLIS. The more people select it would mean that they would 

have to focus time on this. 

And so, you know, this— 

The CHAIRMAN. But I will just say that the Landless in Southeast have been waiting some 44 years. So they would like to get 

in the queue. 

Mr. ELLIS. We feel that the best way this ANCSA National 

Claims Settlement Act, as you’re aware, it was all encompassing. 

It was all encompassing, and completing it is the best way to be 

fair. 

These five communities, it’s my understanding, they did go 

through the—three of them, I guess, went through an appeal process that they were turned down that appeal. Congress did not originally include these five communities. 

390 

My experience also, in my career has been, you know, they’re always other people looking over the fence, right? They’re always 

looking at what you’re doing. And we are concerned about opening 

this issue back up without bringing this other piece to closure. 

The CHAIRMAN. Well, you have not answered the question about 

this being precedent setting and that you are now going to open 

this up so that you have more asks, if you will. 

Let me address a concern that Mr. Lindekugel raised and that 

is that this bill would result in our parks, our monuments, other 

Congressionally-protected lands being given to our Native peoples. 

What will happen here is the Secretary would ultimately make the 

decision as to what lands to offer these new Native corporations 

and not in a back room, in some kind of secret consultation. 

But I think it begs the question why the Secretary would pick 

parks or monuments or any kind of protected lands to convey to 

new corporations when there is more than ten million acres in the 

National Forest that lie outside of any conservation units. So it 

seems that the fear, and I think it is an unmerited, unjustified 

fear, that somehow or other if we allow these five communities, five 

communities that were left out, access to lands that it is going to 

come from protected areas and it will, again, open up this continuing ask for additional claims. 

It seems to me that the arguments that are being made are 

somewhat specious. I am trying to determine whether or not the 

Administration actually feels that the Secretary would make available lands that are in protected status when there is no reason to. 

Can you address that concern? 

Mr. ELLIS. I would, Madam Chairman, prefer not to speculate on 

these areas on the Forest Service on the Tongass National Forest. 

I would defer to the Forest Service on that. 

The CHAIRMAN. But I think that we can agree that there is considerable land, considerable land, more than ten million acres, that 

lie outside of any conservation units. So for the suggestion to be 

made that somehow or other if you give this land to these five communities to allow for possible development, that somehow we are 

snatching it out of parks or conservation units, it just—I think it 

is wrong to suggest that. 

Mr. Barlow, I wanted to ask you about the issues as they relate 

to the benefits because it has been suggested here in testimony 

today that the Natives in the five communities have received their 

benefit because you are considered at large members of the 

Sealaska Regional Corporation. To use the words from Mr. 

Lindekugel, he says, ‘‘You have already received adequate compensation.’’ 

Can you speak to that? You suggested that there is cultural benefit to owning your land, the value of Native land ownership. 

I mentioned in my remarks that there is also financial remuneration that leads to benefit differences. But can you just speak to 

whether or not, coming from the Wrangell community, whether 

there is a concern as to whether or not there has been a level of 

equity or fairness in terms of what the other communities have 

been able to receive and the Landless communities have not been 

beneficiary of? 

Mr. BARLOW. Thank you, Madam Chair, for the question. 

391 

Certainly we have not been on par with those that did achieve 

a settlement and have been granted lands. Those corporations have 

been able to engage in business practices. They’ve developed an 

economic generator, in some cases, to produce significant economic 

benefits to their shareholders that we can’t because we don’t have 

a land base to work with. 

Some of the things they’ve done besides enter into everyday business operations are engage in things like cultural tourism, 

ecotourism. They’ve developed several benefit programs for their 

shareholders such as scholarships, in some cases, burial assistance 

and have been able to provide additional dividends from their village corporation that we don’t derive. And those benefits are in addition to what Sealaska Corporation does provide them as Sealaska 

shareholders. 

So we have been handicapped and literally denied 44 years of opportunity that others have been able to take advantage of. So that’s 

why we feel this is an inequity and it needs to be adjusted. 

The CHAIRMAN. Well, I thank you for that. 

Mr. Lindekugel, let me ask you. You stated very clearly that you 

recognize the cultural benefit and that you, and I do not want to 

put words in your mouth, I am looking at the notes that I wrote 

down as you were speaking. But that you recognize the benefit to 

the Native people of these five communities in trying to find some 

level of equity here. 

You have also suggested in your testimony that this bill would 

create land inequities where none currently exist. What I am trying to figure out is how a statement like that can be made when 

we have some 3,500 Natives within the Southeast region that did 

not gain any surface estate through the creation of an urban or a 

village corporation and the other Native villages, similarly situated 

in neighboring towns and villages, were able to receive this benefit. 

We have just heard Mr. Barlow say that there is a distinction. 

It seems to me that is where the inequity is. It is not in allowing 

for these five that were kept out of the original agreements. It 

seems that the only way to make it equitable is to allow for them 

to have that same access to benefit which is their land, as the other 

villages and towns were able to when the Act first came into being. 

I am trying to understand why you are saying that this bill 

would create inequities where none currently exist. It seems to me 

we definitely have an inequity here, and it is represented in these 

five communities, and we are trying to correct that. 

Can you clarify what you intended? 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. I’ll try, Madam Chair. 

The CHAIRMAN. Okay. 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. That isn’t based on my analysis. That was 

based on analysis from the Department of Interior in 1997 when 

they submitted information to your father, Senator Murkowski, relating to an earlier version of this bill. It was one of the concerns 

that they raised, and we think it needs to be addressed in this 

process as well. They are landowners. 

The CHAIRMAN. Who are? 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. The Landless do have a beneficial interest in 

Sealaska Corporation’s lands. So—— 

392 

The CHAIRMAN. But there is a difference, we agree, between the 

surface and the subsurface, and this is where the Landless have 

not been able to access that benefit. 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. Well, Sealaska also has surface lands, as you 

know, from last year’s bill. 

The CHAIRMAN. Certainly. 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. The contentious there but and this doesn’t 

change the subsurface issue. Sealaska would get the subsurface for 

all the lands that these communities would ultimately get. 

So, you know, that doesn’t, you know, our fundamental concern 

is maintaining the integrity of the Tongass. And I appreciate your 

intent not to include lands that are, been recognized and protected 

as in the national interest; however, deferring to a Secretary of Interior at some later point to make good decisions is a concern to 

us. We remember, conservation interest, remember Secretary 

James Watt and some of the proposals he made in the early 80s 

that were of great concern to conservation interests about protected 

lands and their continued protections. 

The CHAIRMAN. But—— 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. So the idea that a Secretary of Interior would 

not take action that would be inconsistent with protecting these 

lands is—— 

The CHAIRMAN. I guess the question that is bottom line for me 

is making sure that those who were effectively disenfranchised, 

these five communities, that there is some way that we can provide 

for equity to them. That is what I am seeking to do. 

So do you, recognizing that you are speaking for SEACC here, 

does SEACC oppose giving any land to capitalize these five communities? 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. We do not believe that giving lands to for profit 

corporations, whether they are Native or non-Native from the 

Tongass, is in the best interest of the region and the existing sectors of the economy that depend upon—— 

The CHAIRMAN. So when—— 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL [continuing]. Those resources. 

The CHAIRMAN. When Juneau and Sitka were able to receive this 

benefit you did not think that they should receive it either? 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. We were not involved in that decision. 

The CHAIRMAN. Well, and this is where I am trying to get. You 

have a limited number of communities in Southeast, all there in 

the Tongass. For whatever reason you had five of them, five of 

them, that all with the exception of Tenakee met the criteria in 

terms of Native, non-Native, composition, the other criteria that 

were there, and they were excluded. Forty-four years later we are 

trying to figure out how we make sure that they are not left out. 

I think it is really difficult to argue that we cannot touch the 

Tongass. We have to keep the Tongass intact. 

These are the people who have been living in the Tongass, raising their families in the Tongass, educating their children in the 

Tongass, for time immemorial. So when I think about keeping the 

Tongass intact, I also remember the people of the Tongass and 

making sure that they have that access and that claim to their 

lands, their cultural heritage lands. 

393 

I get a little passionate about this because I go to Wrangell and 

I see Lovey and Lovey tells me, ‘‘Lisa, you better not forget the 

Landless.’’ I go to Haines and hear it in Ketchikan and I hear it 

in Petersburg. Why were we left out? 

Then when I hear from organizations such as SEACC that says, 

by gosh, we’ve got to keep the Tongass intact, we cannot let the 

people have their land. That really disturbs me. We were not there 

early enough to object to it, and this was the same battle that we 

fought with the Sealaska Lands bill. 

Do you support the legislation that Senator Sullivan and I have 

introduced that would allow for our Native veterans to receive their 

allotments? Is that something that SEACC is supportive of? 

Mr. LINDEKUGEL. Madam Chair, I’m not aware of the specifics of 

that legislation. I understood that that was addressed during the 

Clinton Administration back in 1998 with your father and Congressman Young, I’m not certain of the issues involved or the proposed solutions to those. 

So we haven’t—— 

The CHAIRMAN. Well it is an interesting issue because we have 

a situation, again, where the Southeast Alaska residents were 

treated differently than Natives in other parts of the state. I am 

going to be asking the Department for their suggestions as to how 

do we address that. But effectively it is going to be the same situation. What we are going to be seeking to do is to provide for a level 

of equity for our Native veterans, and that equity will be in the 

form of land. 

And so, if again, SEACC comes back and says, well we don’t 

think our Alaska Native veterans should be able to receive from 

the Tongass because we want to keep the Tongass intact, we are 

just going round and round in circles here. 

We must be working together. You suggest that we need to engage in public dialogue and I would welcome that. I know that the 

people of these five communities have been engaged in very public, 

very open dialogue because I have been the beneficiary of much of 

that. 

So we need to find some resolution, and 40 years is a long time. 

We waited a long time with the Sealaska bill, and I want to make 

sure that other residents in Southeast whether they be veterans or 

individuals in our five Landless communities have the equity that 

they have been seeking for so long. 

Mr. Chairman, I am sorry that I have gone over my time, but 

you can tell these are issues that I care about a great deal. I thank 

those who have traveled a long way to be here today. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you, Madam Chairman. 

Mr. Ellis, you know, it has been reported the President has been 

asked to use the Antiquities Act to designate the Mojave Trails National Monument and the Sand to Snow National Monument, the 

two monuments that are included in the bill, S. 414. 

A Presidential Proclamation would not address the other uses of 

the land that this legislation balances including off road vehicle 

recreation. The Antiquities Act of 1906 authorizes the President to 

proclaim national monuments on Federal lands that contain, as it 

says, ‘‘historic landmarks, historic and prehistoric structures and 

other objects of historic or scientific interest.’’ 

394 

Are there objects that need to be protected here by the President 

that really cannot wait for the legislative process? And if so, what 

are they? 

Mr. ELLIS. Mr. Chairman, you know, I’m not in a position to 

speculate on any decision that the President might make on this 

or really any other proposal. I do know that I can tell you that the 

Secretary has said, Secretary Jewell, said that she’s open to working with anyone seeking balanced solutions to conservation issues 

in the West. This would be no exception to that, that spirit, you 

know, she has made it clear that she prefers legislative solution to 

these conservation challenges such as this. And the Administration 

supports this. 

Senator BARRASSO. Okay. 

Mr. Lovingood, the Administration officials are traveling to California next week to consider creating the Mojave Trails National 

Monument and the Sand to Snow National Monument. Do you support unilateral action by the President to create these national 

monuments which total over a million acres? 

Mr. LOVINGOOD. Not in this current form. There needs, in my 

opinion, to go through the legislative process. That’s the opportunity. 

The meetings next week will be well attended. And I think if we 

view those and see the outreach by the public, you know, this is 

the furthest Southeastern corner of the impacted area. When we 

look across the board there has been great inclusive rapport, I 

mean, in support of this. There’s been great outreach. 

But if you look at the most impacted areas the constituents that 

are being impacted, you know, four out of the five cities have supported this. So, I mean, have not supported this. Only one city out 

of the five have. So you have a 20 percent direct support. 

The county has made clear its position with the standpoint of 

economic access to mineral resources. They’re critical. We look at 

the loss of the revenue. We just need to have, within, there’s not 

even clear language within the current bill to address the Park 

Service in providing the mechanism for access to restricted lands 

and these are critical issues for our community. 

Senator BARRASSO. Because the Antiquities Act actually directs 

the President to reserve as it quoted, ‘‘the smallest area compatible 

with the proper care and management of the objects to be protected,’’ the smallest area. 

So what do you think the smallest area would be that would 

need to be reserved? Is this really a million plus acres or just you 

are thinking more specific? 

Mr. LOVINGOOD. No, I think if we, and I say that’s been a moving 

conversation that we have that it could be encompassing 765,000 

acres. There’s certain areas—we certainly see value in the Snow to 

Sand and some of the corridors. But then we look, this is also 

fractioned, fractional in the standpoint that it takes areas that are 

isolated and it also takes areas that are active within their mining 

rights and then removes them. And we don’t see that as being possible, amenable. 

Senator BARRASSO. Because you did share a number of the concerns in your testimony regarding the impacts of these two monument designations on San Bernardino County. 

395 

Could you just elaborate a little bit on the concerns with the Castle Mountain mine, in particular, and do you have suggestions to 

how we can address those concerns? 

Mr. LOVINGOOD. Well I think the fact of going back to what was 

originally agreed upon with, I say that, to allow Castle Mountain 

to move forward. Their position has been at the completion or finishing their processes, their mine itself. At the end of its life it’s 

going to be returned and then included and give them back. So that 

would be a starting point that I see. 

I think focusing, again, on the Snow to Sand would be—also 

some of the off road areas, I think, would need to be expanded, expanded from where there they are today. But those I could come 

back with direct comments as far as—— 

Senator BARRASSO. I would like to turn attention to Mr. Haney 

because you personally, your organization, has spent years working 

with other stakeholders in the development of this legislation. According to your testimony it is a balanced approach to the uses of 

our public lands with wide-ranging support. 

Can you tell us what is more important to you in your organization? Is it presidentially proclaimed monuments or the balanced approach and the uses that you talked about in your testimony that 

are only achievable through passage of this legislation? 

Mr. HANEY. I think the legislative boundaries are very well vetted. The process has been inclusive of many interests, and the conservation communities interested in the permanent protection of 

both the natural resources, but also the archeological and cultural 

resources that are on the land and the ecosystem values that are 

there. 

Senator BARRASSO. So if the President were to actually establish 

these monuments through Presidential Proclamation, in your opinion, would that unravel the rest of the bill that has been carefully 

crafted and compromised that you found? 

Mr. HANEY. In my opinion I think that there’s a great opportunity either way that the monuments would be enacted whether 

through legislation or through an Administrative action to follow 

through on the entire legislative package. That’s the commitment 

that groups like mine have made that we want to see the entire 

bill passed. 

And it’s the—it speaks to the dual track approach that Senator 

Feinstein is taking right now by asking the Administration to, at 

least, examine the two monument areas and at the same time work 

on continuing to push the legislation along. 

Senator BARRASSO. Thank you. 

Mr. Casamassa, in reading your written testimony on S. 414–48, 

the Wyden bill, I was surprised that you did not offer any real testimony about the management implications of the sanctuary and 

all the prescription in the bill about motorized vehicles, road management. In fact, the testimony does not even identify the number 

of Forest Service acres that the sanctuary would include. Instead, 

in your testimony you touched on fisheries resource and then 

moved on to Frank Moore’s distinguished life and you offer commentary about Mr. Moore in a Ted talk last year. 

Do you agree that this bill does more than just name the area 

and now share with the Public Lands Subcommittee agency testiVerDate Sep 11 2014 05:14 Jan 04, 2018 Jkt 098942 PO 00000 Frm 00407 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6602 E:\HR\OC\A942.XXX A942
396 

mony addressing the management implications and the number of 

public acres impacted by the bill? 

Mr. CASAMASSA. Chairman Barrasso, thank you very much for 

the question. 

We certainly recognize that Steamboat Creek and the North 

Umpqua River area is a significant resource area, fisheries resource area, and it is managed as such within the context of the 

direction provided in the Umpqua Forest plan and amended by the 

Northwest Forest plan. 

Clearly when and if the legislation would be enacted then we 

would look at the, say a cross section of what is in our existing 

management framework and the way we would manage that and 

make adjustments accordingly in the event that the bill would be 

enacted. 

So overall, yes, the area is very special. It is a recognized, clearly, a recognized, significant fisheries area. And it is being managed 

as such right now under the guise of the Umpqua Forest plan. 

Senator BARRASSO. My confusion, I think, had to do with the bill 

creating the sanctuary. It seems to create a new land designation, 

a sanctuary, and I could not really find a good definition for that. 

So could you talk a little bit about what the land designation 

means? Did you support adding yet another land designation to the 

mix of all the other land designations that are currently managed 

by the Forest Service? 

Mr. CASAMASSA. Well, Chairman Barrasso, that the special emphasis that would be placed on the term sanctuary or protection 

area or special emphasis area is such that it does warrant, perhaps, additional management that reflects the spirit and intent of 

what the intent of that naming is. 

And we believe that right now, as it relates to the Umpqua Forest plan as well as the Northwest Forest plan that there are ample 

protections there that do meet the spirit and intent of what the 

sanctuary would be as outlined in the bill. And we would continue 

to work towards, perhaps, modifying that in the event that the legislation would be enacted. 

Senator BARRASSO. Okay. 

Mr. Ellis, Title II of S. 414 would set up a revenue sharing regime for renewable energy development on all the lands administered by the BLM based in part on the premise that renewable energy needs to be mitigated. 

If solar and wind energies, is it so damaging to BLM lands that 

you need to simultaneously set up a fund to mitigate the impacts 

of solar and wind energy? 

Mr. ELLIS. We, currently all the receipts that we have for solar 

energy go to the Treasury. We collect bonds on solar energy to recover the cost of Reclamation, if the person who has that, say they 

are unwilling or do not want to, you know, clean this area up. 

As far as damaging to the resources, we have not yet had any 

solar or wind energy developments on the BLM lands that I’m 

aware of, where we have had to go and do this. 

As you probably know we are doing some planning in the West. 

An example is the DRECP planning process. We’re going through 

California. We’re trying to identify those areas that are more suitable for wind and solar energy and those areas that may be more 

397 

ripe for development from the standpoint of minimizing the resource impacts in those areas that they don’t want to stay—that 

we want them to stay away from. And these, of course, are helping 

these companies in choosing these areas where they might make 

applications and to minimize those environmental impacts. 

Senator BARRASSO. I mean, in a similar vein in terms of how this 

all works, there are several mines, including the Castle Mountain 

mine, within the proposed boundaries of the Sand to Snow National Monument and the Mojave Trails National Monument. 

What effect would the monument designation in S. 414 have on 

the expansion or the permitting or even the general operations of 

these mines? 

Mr. ELLIS. Generally, when we have these designations we honor 

valid existing rights at the time that occurs. 

Senator BARRASSO. Okay. So in terms of expansion, general operation and permitting there may be an issue with regard to expansion, but you just honor what is currently there? 

Mr. ELLIS. What we do, Mr. Chairman, is when areas are designated we generally go through a planning process where we include our publics in that planning process for such special designations. And existing right-of-ways, we honor existing right-of-ways. 

And any actions that we take then are in compliance with existing 

laws and policies. And then the decision is on that land just 

planned that we go through. 

Senator BARRASSO. I just wanted to finish up with the proposed 

wilderness designation in S. 414 because this area borders on some 

military installations. Areas proposed for the wilderness designation in Golden Valley and Grass Valley have also been proposed for 

conveyance to the naval air weapons station at China Lake in other 

bills. 

So has the BLM engaged the military in any way to ensure that 

there is no conflict between military operations and then those proposed by wilderness areas? 

Mr. ELLIS. Well, Mr. Chairman, of course we work with the military all over the West in public lands. They have a lot of activities 

in the West. We have a lot of land in the West. 

In this particular area, it’s my understanding, that there have— 

there will be discussions with DOD to look at the uses that DOD 

has in those areas. And then at the time, you know, there may be 

a time when they, DOD, no longer needs to use those areas for 

military purposes and look at it then. 

Senator BARRASSO. Well that is the concern if there is an affect 

from designating these areas as wilderness if it had an impact on 

our military training areas. 

Well thank you. I appreciate all of you being here. 

Some of the members may want to submit to each of you written 

questions. We would ask that you try to respond to them quickly. 

The hearing record will be open for the next two weeks. 

Thanks so much for being here today. 

This hearing is adjourned. 

[Whereupon, at 4:03 p.m. the hearing was adjourned.] 

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APPENDIX MATERIAL SUBMITTED 
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U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 Hearing: Pending Legislation 

Questions for the Record Submitted to Mr. Glenn Casamassa 

from Senator Ron Wyden 

Question 1: There were three land exchanges in the Mt. Hood Wilderness bill that 

passed in 2009. Two of those have been completed, but the Cooper Spur land exchange 

has been dragging out for six years. I know you are well-versed in this particular land 

exchange, and I want to ask a few questions about the details of the land exchange to see 

how we can get the exchange done in a timely manner. 

I know there are several steps that need to happen here - there needs to be a contracting 

process to secure an appraiser, there needs to be an appraisal, a valuation, and there needs 

to be an environmental review. Can you lay out for me, realistically, how long each of 

these steps will take given all of the progress and groundwork that the Forest Service has 

made over the past six years? 

Answer: The requirement to complete the exchange within one year of enactment of this 

legislation is not tenable. The following items constitute the critical steps that affect the 

progress and timetable of completing this land exchange. 

• The Forest Service estimates that the appraisal and valuation will take 12 to 18 

months to complete due to special circumstances (limited comparable market data, 

significant personal property inventory, intensive development on both the Federal 

and Non-Federal lands to be conveyed, possible supplemental analysis to determine 

final appraised value, and Federal contracting and appraisal review regulations), with 

additional time possible for any valuation disputes. 

• Requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) and other 

environmental review statutes must also be met, which the Forest Service estimates 

may take 18 to 24 months, not including the time needed to address any objections or 

litigation arising from the analyses. 

• A 30 month total timeframe is suggested to complete the Appraisal, meet 

environmental review requirements, and complete the exchange in its entirety. 

Question 2: I understand the importance of going through each of those steps and I 

know they're all needed to ensure that the land exchange is done in an open and 

transparent way, and in a way that ensures accountability. But ultimately, the land 

exchange needs to get done. Without skimping on environmental reviews, is there a way 

to sort of speed up the contracting, appraisals, valuation, or other processes to ensure that 

this can get done in the next year? Given all the hard work you've put into this already, 

can you use that progress to help speed things along? 

Answer: The Agency is committed to completing this land exchange and will continue 

to work towards completion as soon as practicable. The Agency is also complying with 

statutory requirements for all activities associated with the exchange. The total 
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U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 Hearing: Pending Legislation 

timeframe indicated is as aggressive as we can get and still comply with applicable law. 

It also assumes no delays from challenges or disagreements. 

Question 3: And, what else can we do to simplify the process and ensure that you meet 

this deadline? 

Answer: We have done what is possible to simplify the process. Thank you for helping 

us coordinate with our project proponent to align efforts. This is a complicated project, 

but it can be successfully completed within the confines of existing law. 

Question 4: Getting into some of the specifics about the bill, it will require the Forest 

Service to reserve a 24-foot wide trail easement on existing trails located on the transfer 

lands so that the agency can continue to maintain these trails. But I'm hearing from the 

Forest Service that 24 feet is not enough, and I'm hearing from other parties that 24 feet 

is more than enough. Can you help clear this up for me? What is the standard trail width 

for a Forest Service trail, consistent with the trails we're talking about here, and is 24 feet 

sufficient to allow the Forest Service to do the trail maintenance work it needs to do? 

Answer: This trail exists because of community involvement. The trail plan around 

Government Camp was driven by the Government Camp community. This included the 

existing design criteria elements. Ta'< increment financing through Clackamas County 

paid for much of the trail planning and construction. Reducing the trail width to 24 feet, 

from the 32-foot minimum width needed to maintain the trail, will impact the efforts the 

local community has invested into this trail. 

A 24-foot trail right-of-way clearing width is too narrow to accommodate safe use and 

economical maintenance of the 20-foot-wide groomed running surface for multiple 

winter recreation uses, such as cross-country skiers, snowshoers, and walkers on the trail. 

The trails are designed to keep the skiers traveling surface separate from the snowshoers 

and walkers' surface. This is common in the snow sports industry unless separate 

parallel trails are developed (which requires more space). 

Tree canopy is another reason the trail needs to be so wide. A wide winter travel path 

(groomed running surface) of approximately 20 feet with reduced canopy cover over the 

trail is needed. The canopy catches the snow and prevents a percentage of it from hitting 

the ground. This is critical in low snow depth years when every inch of snow that hits the 

ground is needed. Additionally, snow that is held in the canopy eventually melts onto the 

trail below creating undesirable, icy conditions. The less canopy over the trail, the better 

the snow conditions. Hence, a reasonably wide open trail is needed. 

Snow grooming equipment is getting wider. A 17-foot wide tiller or compactor bar on 

the back of a snow cat is typical in the ski industry. Operators of this equipment need 

more width when the trail winds and turns, hence the 20-foot clearing limit. 

2 
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U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 Hearing: Pending Legislation 

A wider trail is also necessary to manage vegetation along its edges. Hazard trees need to 

be removed as needed when identified. A minimum of6 feet on each side of the trail 

beyond the 20-foot winter trail running surface is necessary for this purpose. 

The Forest Service supports the Amendment language that would provide for a 32-foot 

wide trail easement. This will allow for continuance of the current safe and economical 

multi-user winter sport trail. It will provide the necessary width for construction, 

reconstruction, and maintenance of the trail surface during the non-winter months and it 

will allow for an adequate vegetation buffer that will help maintain privacy for the 

anticipated residential development and maintain a quality experience for the trail user. 

Wide trails are common in the Nordic ski industry. The links below show images and 

videos of wide ski trails. 

• Mount Hood Meadows Nordic trails: 

http:/ /www.statesmanjournal.com/videos/travel/outdoors/20 14/04/23/7856363/ 

• Gunstock Cross Country (Laconia, NH): 

http:/ /www.concordmonitor.com/sports/361790 1-95/nordic-com-center-cross 

Question 5: What steps HAS the Forest Service taken so far with regards to progress on 

the land exchange? What has been started? What has been completed? And what of 

these steps will help the exchange proceed from here? 

Answer: The complexity of this exchange is uncommon in comparison to most land 

exchanges entered into by the FS. Many of the complications surfaced only after field 

work began in earnest. The Forest Service, in cooperation with Mt. Hood Meadows, has 

completed a significant amount of work towards completing the land exchange. Some of 

the specific items completed include: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Forest Plan Compliance Review and Public Benefits Summary 

Land records search and title insurance commitment 

Boundary management review, including legal description and acreage 

verification 

Federal Lands Status Report 

Water rights analysis 

Valuation Consultation 

Agreement to Initiate 

Serialization/segregation of the public domain lands 

Notification of key stakeholders, including State and local governments, tribal 

governments, other Federal agencies, affected holders of special use 

authorizations on the Federal lands, landowners whose property adjoins the 

Federal lands 

Public Scoping consistent with NEP A 

Mineral Potential Report 

Physical inspection of the Federal and non-Federal lands 

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U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 Hearing: Pending Legislation 

• Comprehensive property condition assessment in order to evaluate and disclose 

the future disposition of the improvements and personal property associated 

with the non-Federal land, including identification of the potential funding 

source for future maintenance or plans for disposal (At the Cooper Spur Ski 

Area, the FS will acquire a day lodge, first-aid station, instructor's hut, several 

multi-purpose buildings, pump house, chair lift, rope tow, tube tows, and 

significant personal property such as skis, ski poles, boots, food service 

equipment and supplies, etc. At the Inn at Cooper Spur, the FS will acquire the 

main lodge building, a restaurant, shop, cabins, log home, spa, tennis courts, 

associated water well facilities, and significant personal property such as 

furnishings, food service equipment and supplies, maintenance equipment, etc.). 

• State Historic Preservation Office consultation and concurrence on a cultural 

site 

• Legislated trail easement 

• Legislated reserved conservation easement to protect existing wetland 

delineated by Oregon Department of State Lands 

• Draft right-of-way easements for federal and non-federal parcels 

• Remedied multiple title deficiencies on the non-federal estate in order to meet 

the U.S. Department of Justice standards for title acceptability, including: 

o insufficient or non-existent utility authorizations for which easements 

had to be negotiated/drafted; 

o a contested water right that was adjudicated in State court and a final 

judgment entered in December 2013; 

o infrastructure at the Inn not in conformance \Vith local zoning, 

necessitating consultations and resolution with the County; and 

o clouded title on a local road passing through the parceL 

• Resolved several encumbrances and encroachments affecting the Federal estate, 

including: 

o private landowners with personal property on National Forest System 

land; 

o Forest Service special use authorizations for water, sewer, telephone and 

cable utilities that needed to be converted to easements; 

o two entities (a ski patrol and fire department) currently under special use 

authorizations requiring long-term leases negotiated with MHM and FS; 

o existing trails and trailheads that had to be surveyed and legally 

described for easement exhibits; and 

• Environmental site assessments in compliance with EPA regulations regarding 

contamination 

• Pre-development meeting with Clackamas County, given the intensive 

development under consideration at Government Camp, to determine the most 

appropriate means for legal and physical access and what impact that access 

would have on development potential for appraisal purposes 

4 
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U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 Hearing: Pending Legislation 

• Agreement on the terms and conditions of the Conservation Easement that will 

be reserved by the Forest Service in the lands conveyed to Mount Hood 

Meadows. This was one of the critical pieces to completing the land exchange. 

Question 6: One of the more contentious issues in recent years has been the 

conservation easement for the wetlands on the Government Camp parcels. As you know, 

my bill removes that requirement and lets applicable federal, state, and local 

environmental and property laws govern the future of the wetlands. With this 

requirement removed, how does that simplify and speed up the process? 

Answer: The Agency reached an agreement with Mount Hood Meadows regarding the 

Conservation Easement language on September 30, 2015. With the requirement 

removed, the Agency will not be responsible for additional survey work required to 

demarcate the wetland boundary. The Forest Service will not have to administer the 

terms and conditions of a Conservation Easement, and it may result in long-term 

management efficiencies for both parties after consummation of the land exchange. 

Question 7: Now switching to my other bill, the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary 

-This is a really special place, named after a very special person. How, based on the bill, 

will the Forest Service manage this area in a way that's consistent with the purposes of 

the designation? 

Answer: The Northwest Forest Plan identifies Steamboat Creek, the area proposed for 

the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary, as a Tier 1 Key Watershed- designated as 

such to protect the water quality and important, high value fishery resources by 

addressing all Forest Service management activities within the watershed as a whole. 

The specific management guidelines outlined in the Northwest Forest Plan provide a high 

level of protection for water quality and fishery resources, determined to be sufficient to 

protect fish habitat and wild steelhead to meet the purposes of the Act. Additionally, 

Middle and Upper Steamboat Creek watersheds are identified as priority watersheds 

under the National Watershed Condition Framework, thereby focusing restoration 

activities to move the overall watershed toward improved conditions. The Forest Service 

believes the Umpqua National Forest's Land and Resource Management Plan, as 

amended by the Northwest Forest Plan, provides all of the necessary protections that do 

meet the spirit and intent of the sanctuary as outlined in the bill. The Forest Service 

would work with the Committee on how the sanctuary is managed based on the final 

legislation, if enacted. 

5 
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Insert offset folio 470 here 98942A.372

Statement by the Record by U.S. Senator Barbara Boxer 

Before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

S.1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act 

Thursday, October 8, 2015 

I want to thank Chairman Murkowski, Ranking Member Cantwell and the members of the 

Energy and Natural Resources Committee for holding today's hearing. I am pleased the 

California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act, which I introduced with Senator Dianne 

Feinstein, is on today's agenda. 

This bill would expand the current National Monument to include about 6,200 acres of public 

lands in four California counties. This legislation is the product of a grassroots effort by 

Californians who want to see their public lands protected and has strong support from a broad 

coalition oflocal governments, elected officials, business owners, landowners, farmers, private 

individuals and many conservation and outdoor industry groups. 

The California Coastal National Monument, created by President Clinton in 2000, stretches the 

entire 1, I 00 miles of California's coastline and protects more than 20,000 small islands, rocks 

and exposed reefs between Mexico and Oregon. It also protects the habitat for a variety of 

wildlife including seabirds, sea otters, sea lions, and other marine mammals. 

These are some of the most magnificent lands in the country, and we have a responsibility to 

protect them for current and future generations. That is why expanding the California Coastal 

National Monument is so critical. 

1 
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Insert offset folio 471 here 98942A.373

In 2012, I introduced legislation with Senator Feinstein and Congressman Mike Thompson to 

expand the Monument to include the Point Arena-Stometta Public Lands in Mendocino County. 

At our urging, President Obama established these lands as the first onshore addition to the 

Monument in 2014. 

This new bill would expand the California Coastal National Monument again to include five 

more onshore sites, creating a network of federal coastal properties. This would allow the Bureau 

of Land Management (BLM) to share administrative and financial resources and work closely 

with local government agencies and stakeholders to ensure every voice is heard. The measure 

would also help improve recreation and visitor services and highlight the unique qualities and 

histories that make these individual sites so special. It would also raise the Monument's profile, 

bringing new business opportunities to the local economies. 

These five sites are some of the most beautiful spots along California's rugged coastline, and 

each should be protected so current and future generations can enjoy the majestic views and 

fascinating history: 

In Humboldt County, one of my state's northern most counties, this legislation would 

protect Trinidad Head - 13 acres of rocky shoreline which give visitors breathtaking 

views of offshore sea stacks and the City of Trinidad, the oldest town on the northern 

California coast. The land is also home to the historic Trinidad Head lighthouse, which 

dates back to 1871 when it helped guide vessels carrying lumber up and down the 

Redwood Coast. 

2 
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Insert offset folio 472 here 98942A.374

The Lost Coast Headlands, also in Humboldt County, are comprised of 440 acres of 

some of the most beautiful scenery in northern California, and are near the historic 

Victorian village of Ferndale. From alpine forests and rolling mountains, to coastal bluffs 

south of the mouth of the Eel River, this area offers spectacular opportunities for hiking, 

bird watching, or beachcombing. These lands also played an important role during the 

Cold War when the U.S. Navy operated a post on the premises to monitor Soviet 

submarines. 

About II miles south of Eureka, the seat of Humboldt County, is Lighthouse Ranch, 

which sits on eight acres of a former U.S. Coast Guard station once used as a Christian 

commune. Today, it offers breathtaking, panoramic views of the Eel River Delta, 

Humboldt Bay and the Pacific Ocean. 

In Santa Cruz County, near the town of Davenport, the legislation would also add the 

Cotoni-Coast Dairies- 5, 780 acres of former dairy and cement plant lands into the 

California Coastal National Monument. Its name is a nod to the Cotoni Indians, who 

lived there for thousands of years and the Swiss dairy farmers who ran the land as a farm 

and ranch for much of the 20th century. The rugged landscape includes redwoods, coastal 

grasslands, foothills and watersheds that flow directly into the northern Monterrey Bay. 

This bill would protect Piedras Blancas- 20 acres with 425 state-owned acres 

cooperatively managed by BLM in Big Sur. Named for three white rocks just off the end 

of the point, the area is well-known for its historic 19'h century lighthouse and is also an 

important ecological research area. Tourists come to catch a glimpse of a beautiful 

landscape untouched by development and see wildlife like Elephant Seals, sea lions and 

sea birds. 

3 
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A group of small rocks and islands off the coast of Orange County are also included in 

the bill. It was thought at one time that the U.S. Coast Guard might use the rocks and 

islands for lighthouses in the 1930s, but they have now confirmed that they no longer 

need the lands and have consented for their release into BLM's stewardship. This 

legislation makes sure the rocks and islands are also protected from development as part 

of the Monument. 

The new designation for these lands would strengthen existing protections from development, 

ensure stronger protections for a diverse array of wildlife, many of which are endangered, and 

would help restore habitats and protect water quality. 

Expanding the Monument to include these additional properties would not only support 

preservation and conservation efforts it would also support local priorities. 

As my staff and I reached out to local communities near these lands, we heard about a variety of 

issues that each community felt was important with regard to the management of each site. This 

bill requires BLM to focus on local priorities, such as: increasing public safety and emergency 

services, enhancing traffic flow and parking, increasing resources for facilities maintenance and 

visitor services and prioritizing public access. This bill also ensures that local voices are heard by 

creating advisory councils for each area to advise BLM on how their local National Monument 

units should be managed. 

4 
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I urge my colleagues to support this bill to expand the California Coastal National Monument 

and help protect these spectacular lands for our children and grandchildren. 

I would also like to note that Senator Feinstein's bill, the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act, is also on today's hearing agenda. I am a cosponsor of this legislation and 

support Senator Feinstein's efforts to bring greater protections to California's magnificent 

desert. I urge my colleagues to support this bill, as well. 

Thank you for your consideration for these two bills that would greatly benefit California's 

beautiful landscapes and protect them for current and future generations to enjoy. 

### 

5 
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Senator John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Senator Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

LukeA'Bear 

1105B Halibut Point Rd 

Sitka, Alaska, 99835 

I am aware that you are a members of a subcommittee due to debate the merits of Senate Bill 

872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation 

Act. As a resident of Sitka, Alaska situated within the heart of the Tongass National Forest, I 

urge you not to support this bill. 

Native land claims have been recently finalized with the passing of the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act (ANCSA) last year, transferring the remaining 70,000 acres originally outlined in 

the act. It has taken over 40 years for this piece of legislation to be finalized and as such should 

be laid to rest. The Tongass is owned by all Americans. It is managed to represent a wide variety 

of values and allows free and open access for hunting and recreation for everyone. Therefore, if 

this land transfer occurs we will see more public land lost to private hands. These areas produce 

salmon, deer, timber and recreation opportunities for everyone. If privatized, we will see these 

beautiful areas no longer managed for a wide range of values and people, but instead managed 

for the short term economic gains of the few. 

Public lands have better and more stringent regulations regarding their management than state 

and thus private lands do. If this new land claim goes through, I fear rampant logging will occur 

along our vital salmon streams. Salmon is the lifeblood of Southeast Alaska contributing $1 

billion a year to the regional economy. Federal timber regulations offer greater protection to 

salmon streams, so any privatization jeopardizes the real backbone of our economy. 

With the finalizing of ANCSA, we have already seen significant portions of the most 

commercially valuable land on the Tongass transferred to the regional Native Corporation, 

Sealaska. Of which, all the native members of the five communities listed in this new bill are a 

part of and have been receiving benefits from since the corporation was established. This then 

makes me question the motives behind transferring more land, I do not believe we should be 

privatizing more areas of the Tongass to make up for the social and political mistakes of our 

fledgling state. All Native Americans deserve reparations for their treatment since European 

Colonization, but I do not believe the answer lies in the form of more land swaps and the 

establishment of further corporations. Surely a more reasonable reparation would be in the form 

of fishing or hunting quotas, a far more sustainable option providing more long term economic 

security. 

The beauty of our National Forests is that they are owned by and managed for all Americans, 

regardless of their race, color or creed. Please do not privatize anymore of this beautiful land, let 

it remain free and for all Americans for generations to come. 

Thank you. 
410 


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A 

Q;) Alaska Federation of Natives 

2015 Legislative & Litigation Committee 

Resolution 15-7 

TITlE: SUPPORT OF THE UNRECOGNIZED SOUTHEAST ALASKA NATIVE COMMUNITIES 

SEEKING lEGISLATION TO AllOW THEM TO FORM AlASKA NATIVE ClAIMS 

SETTLEMENT ACT (ANCSA) CORPORATIONS AND RECEIVE ANCSA BENEFITS 

WHEREAS: The Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN) is the largest statewide Native 

organization in Alaska having upwards of 300 members, including 165 federally 

recognized tribes, 146 village for-profit corporations, 12 regional for-profit 

corporations, and 12 regional not-for-profit and tribal consortiums that contract 

and compact to run federal and state programs; and 

WHEREAS: The mission of AFN is to enhance and promote the cultural, economic, and 

political platform of the entire Alaska Native community through staunch 

advocacy before the United States Congress and other federal, state, and local 

forums; and 

WHEREAS: In 1971, the United States Congress enacted ANCSA to recognize and settle the 

aboriginal claims of Alaska Natives to their traditional homeland by authorizing 

the establishment of Alaska Native corporations to receive and manage lands 

and funds awarded in the settlement of ANCSA; and 

WHEREAS: ANCSA was passed to provide for a fair and just settlement of all claims by 

Natives and Native groups of Alaska and was to be accomplished rapidly, with 

certainty, in conformity with the real economic and social needs of Alaska 

Natives; and 

WHEREAS: The Alaska Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and 

Wrangell (known as the "landless" communities of Southeast Alaska) were not 

listed as communities eligible to form Native village or urban corporations under 

ANCSA; despite the fact these communities comprised greater than 20% of the 

shareholders of Sea Iaska; and 

WHEREAS: The reason for this exclusion is not explained in the statutory or report language 

of ANCSA, and an appeal of this exclusion was not authorized in ANCSA; and 

WHEREAS: A Congressional report commissioned in 1993 to examine the reasons why the 

five communities were denied ANCSA eligibility indicates the communities do 

not differ significantly from the southeast communities that were allowed 

ANCSA eligibility; and 
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WHEREAS: These five landless communities have sought full eligibility for ANCSA benefits 

for four decades. 

NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED the Alaska Federation of Natives requests the United States 

Congress to recognize the eligibility of the southeast landless communities to 

form Alaska Native Corporations, receive land selection rights, and 

compensation under ANCSA. 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED that this resolution shall be the policy of AFN until it is withdrawn or 

modified by subsequent resolution. 

Passed on July 21, 2015 

Julie Kitka 

President 
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Alaska Native Bntherkood & Alulm Native 

Sisterhood 

Gnmd 

RESOLUTION No. 14-08 

Title: an Southeast Alaska Native Communities and their 

Descendants from the failures of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

(ANCSA) to include Land Selection and Cmnp,em;ation. 

WHEREAS, in 1971 the United States enacted the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act (ANCSA) to and settle the claims of Alaska 

Natives to their traditional homelands the establishment of Alaska 

Native to receive and manage lands and funds awarded in settlement 

of the claims of Alaska Natives; and 

WHEREAS, the purpose of ANCSA was to settle the land claims of the Alaska Native: 

and to them with the means to pursue economic for the 

benefit of Alaska's Native and 

WHEREAS. the Alaska Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, 

Tenakee and and others were not listed as communities 

to form Native or urban under ANCSA, the fact that 

rr.rnru·ic,.rl greater than 20% of the Shareholders of Sealaska; 

number of these individuals have since the passage 

their inherent land and 

WHEREAS, a report commissioned in 1993 to examine the reasons 

five of these communities were denied ANCSA indicates that the 

communities do not differ from the Southeast communities that were 

allowed ANCSA and 

WHEREAS, these communities and their descendants are 

or the courts to seek relief in the form ofland selection 

BE IT THEREFORE RESOLVED that the Alaska Native Brotherhood and Alaska 

Native Sisterhood assembled in Alaska on October 8 11, 2014, 

whose theme was Haa Aani, Haa Shuka Our Land, Our Future urge 

action to relief to these communities and their descendants and to take all 
413 


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necessary action to prevent to or further 

for settlement purposes 17 acres at boat harbor by 

gravesites, home sites and allotments in the communities Haines, uuu>(llct,, 

William E. Martin 

ANB Grand President 

Freda M. Westman 

ANS Grand President 

ATTEST: I certifY that this resolution was adopted by the ANB/ ANS Grand Camp in 

convention at Petersburg, Alaska, during the week of October 8 through October 11, 2014. 

Colette Buchanan 

ANB Grand Secretary 

PAGE 2. 
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Alaska Wilderness League • Defenders of Wildlife • Environmental Protection Information Center 

Klamath Forest Alliance • National Audubon Society * Sierra Club * The Wilderness Society 

The Honorable John A. Barrasso 

Chairman, Subcommittee on Public lands, 

Forests & Mining 

Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

United States Senate 

366 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

October 7, 2015 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

The Honorable Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Public 

Lands, Forests & Mining 

Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

United States Senate 

366 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20515 

We are writing to express our opposition to S. 872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act and S. 1955, the Alaska Native Veterans land 

Allotment Equity Act. S. 872 would establish five new village corporations in Southeast Alaska and give 

away over 115,000 acres of public lands in the Tongass National Forest to these newly-created private 

entities, while S. 1955 would reopen the process of transferring more than 1,000 scattered private 

inholdings of up to 160 acres each throughout the Tongass. The Tongass National Forest is a national 

treasure and the engine of the region's economy transferring these valuable lands into private 

ownership endangers the region's wildlife and sustainable economy, as well sets a precedent to reopen 

lands claims settled through previous law. 

Encompassing some of the largest remaining tracts of coastal temperate rainforest left on earth, the 

Tong ass is a wealth of wildlife and scenic beauty. It provides valuable habitat for an array of fish and 

wildlife, including black and grizzly bears, the Alexander Archipelago Wolf and the greatest 

concentration of bald eagles in the world. More than 5,000 salmon streams host five species of Pacific 

salmon that sustain wildlife, communities, and the economy. The extraordinary natural beauty and 

bounty of the Tongass support thousands of jobs in the tourism, recreation, and fishing industries in 

southeast Alaska. These sustainable industries generate around $2 billion annually. Transferring pristine 

old-growth forest to private interests could limit access to currently public lands or lead to development 

that threatens the regional economy. 

When the "Sealaska" legislation was enacted last year-conveying more than 70,000 acres of the 

Tongass to the Sea Iaska Corporation-the Alaska delegation touted it as finally settling Alaska Native 

land daims under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA). However, S. 872 would 

circumvent ANCSA for five communities {Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell) that did 

not meet criteria for village corporation status when the act was passed and grant them additional 

public lands beyond the cap negotiated in that act. Since these communities were not eligible to form 

village corporations through ANCSA, community members were granted extra at-large shares ofthe 

regional Sea Iaska Corporation and thus benefitted from the passage of the Sea Iaska legislation last year. 

In addition to privatizing more than 115,000 acres of the Tongass National Forest, likely opening it up to 
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clearcutting, passage of this bill would raise new issues of fairness for the more than 80 other 

communities that did not qualify for village corporation status under ANCSA. 

S. 1955 also makes significant and potentially precedent-setting changes to previously settled land 

claims by reopening the process for Alaska Native Veterans of Vietnam to apply for parcels of land 

currently owned by the federal government. In 1998 and 2000, legislation was passed to allow Alaska 

Native veterans of Vietnam and their descendants who may have missed their opportunity to apply for 

land transfers due to active duty, and the Bureau of Land Management conducted a rapid assessment 

and land transfer process. This bill seeks to reopen the process and broaden the lands that are eligible 

for withdrawal to include vulnerable public lands such as wildlife refuges, national forests, wilderness 

areas, national defense withdrawn lands, and lands selected by, or conveyed to, the State of Alaska or 

an Alaska Native Corporation- creating issues of fairness to other Vietnam veterans and Alaska Natives 

and widely and needlessly disrupting settled or nearly-settled land claims. There is also significant 

concern that granting additional scattered private inholdings on public lands would limit public access to 

the surrounding public domain. 

If enacted, S. 872 and S. 1955 would transfer a significant amount of land out of the public trust and into 

private hands, putting Southeast Alaska's remaining pristine old-growth forest, wildlife, and sustainable 

economy in jeopardy. The bills would create new conflicts over land ownership in our largest national 

forest, as well as pose new management challenges for the agencies that administer the Tongass and 

other public lands. We strongly ask that you OPPOSE both of these bills if they come to a vote. 

Sincerely, 

Alaska Wilderness League 

Defenders of Wildlife 

Environmental Protection Information Center 

Klamath Forest Alliance 

National Audubon Society 

Sierra Club 

The Wilderness Society 
416 


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Senator John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Senator Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, 20510 

Members of the Subcommittee 

Honorable Barrasso and Wyden and members of the subcommittee: 

I have been living in the heart of the 

food, of visual, spiritual and physical 

ecosystem, its of 

about S872. 

since 1979. It is my home, a source of 

and I try to live as one small part of its 

entities. I am writing out of a grave concern 

Settlement with SE Tribes before ANSCA, for the firsttime, was in the 1930s. Again in 

the 1950s and 1960s a settlement was made with and Haida respresenting SE 

tribes. Because there had been settlements, tribes weren't originally included in ANSCA. were added because they hadn't been duly compensated earlier. ANSCA was passed as the FINAL solution to Native claims in Alaska. (And after 

the latest taking of some of our land to give to a private corporation, Sealaska, 

Senator Murkowski said, "Some years after of the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act, the federal government will paying the debt we owe Natives 

for the settlement of their aboriginal land claims ... 

ANSCA was a final compensation. The communities included had to meet certain criteria to be listed and Ketchikan, Wrangel, Tenakee and Haines did not meet 

that criteria. They received a financial as unaffiliated with any village or 

urban corporation and are of the organization, Sea!aska, so receive 

dividends from them. In 1959 Haines, and Ketchikan were listed as associated 

with Tlingit and Haida, the organization was recognized as representing SE tribes. 

Petersburg and Tenakee were not recognized. Tenakee has never had more than one 

or two Natives living in it in the 36 years that I have lived in SE. Petersburg is not a traditional Native site. It was settled as a by Norwegians around the turn 

of the 20th centruy. on information from of original settlers, there 

was no Native village there and no evidence has been found to suggest that it was a 

traditional site. In addition, in 1992, authorized research by the Institute 

of Social and Research at the of Alaska in Fairbanks to address the claim that the Landless been inadvertantly out of ANSCA. That research concluded that there had been a method that was deliberate and thorough, 

not and that the five communities did not meet the to be 
417 


Insert offset folio 483 here 98942A.385

include din ANCSA. The point of this information is that there was a process and these 

communities did not qualify to be a part of the settlement. In fact, individual Natives in 

these communities have had more financial compensation than the Natives in village 

and urban corporations. The other is that ANSCA was a final solution, and with the 

addendum of the bill more of the rest of the best timber land, Senator 

Murkowski herself the final solution. 

The final point l want to make is that, if this were a case being brought to the Supreme 

Court, the Court would refuse to hear it If Natives in the five communities course 

there are none in Tenakee) feel have not been an distribution, it is an 

internal Sealaska issue not one for to with. The process involved in 

ANSCA defined eligibility. S872 would away land from the American public to resolve an internal private corporation problem. ANSCA was a final solution. The Sealaska Bill recently passed was the final solution. There are no grounds for a third final solution. As it now stands the is managed for multiple with an emphasis 

on subsistence rights for all with higher environmental which are money 

in the bank in this rapidly changing high carbon emissions world we live in, than any 

state or private land in Alaska. American taxpayers should not pay for an internal corporate problem. 

Thank you for listening. 

Sincerely, 

Marian Allen 

829 Pherson St. 

Sitka, AK 99835 

907 738-1970 
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October07, 20!5 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairman 

The Honorable Ron Wyden, 

U.S. Senate Committee on 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 205!0 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wydcn, 

On behalf of American Rivers and our more than !00,000 members and supporters from across 

the country, lam writing to support and honor an Amedcan war veteran and legendary steward 

of the North Umpqua River- Frank Moore. Nothing could be more fitting than to recognize this 

great American's accomplishments by protecting his home waters on the North Umpqua River as 

proposed in proposed inS. 1448, the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary (FMWSS) 

Designation Act. 

The designation of approximately 100,000 acres of some of the best remaining wild steelhead 

spawning areas in the Pacific Northwest pairs a legendary river- treasured by Oregonians and 

frequented by thousands of foreign visitors yearly~· with an inspirational patriot and river 

guardian, Frank Moore. 

We join the outpouring of support by neighbors, outdoor enthusiasts, and recreational businesses 

(including anglers, rafters, hoteliers, hikers and others) to forever protect this special place while 

honoring an American hero. 

The legislation identifies and protects approximately 100,000 acres of high conservation value 

lands and waters in the Steamboat Creek watershed. The watershed consistently is identified as 

one of the most important ecological areas in the Pacific Northwest, providing over 50 river and 

stream miles of high quality habitat for summer and winter steelhead, Chinook, Coho, rainbow 

trout and other native species. The waters feeding the North Umpqua consistently rank among 

the most important wild salmon spawning and rearing grounds in the state. 

Steamboat Creek is recognized as "Tier Key Watershed" under the Northwest Forest Plan, 

selected for high water quality for drinking water and aquatic life. Forests in the area are 

designated "Late Successional Reserves" under the Northwest Forest Plan, managed to protect 

and enhance conditions of late-successional and old~ growth forest ecosystems and high quality 

aquatic habitat. Further, the area is recognized Oregon's statewide Conservation Strategy as a 

priority "Conservation Opportunity Area" and its rivers and tributaries are ranked in the highest 
419 


Insert offset folio 485 here 98942A.387

category as "crucial aquatic habitat" by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. The publicscience-driven partnership convened under the auspices of the North American Salmon 

Stronghold Partnership recognized the North the FMWSS as a 

"wild Salmon in the Pacific Northwest. 

Together, the transitional moist and dry forest zone the Umpqua National Forest is home to a 

great diversity of plant and animal Its flora and fauna is unique, boasting moist and dry 

forest components with several endemic and rare Habitat conditions continue to improve 

in the proposed Sanctuary, providing an array of vital ecosystem services to absorb, filter and 

release cold, clean water, nurture a thriving sport fishing economy downriver, and provide 

numerous recreational opportunities. The area also is highly valued for its Native American 

heritage sites and recreational hiking and backcountry 

As early as 1959, the importance of the extraordinary wild fish habitat was by the 

U.S. Forest Service and the Department Fish and Wildlife as mining and 

restrictions were set in place on Stean1boat Creek. Later, in 1976, minerai withdrawal was 

extended to of 15 tributaries to Steamboat Creek. 

Today, the extraordinary fish habitat, late-successional and old growth forests, rich anay of rare 

and botanical and boundless recreational draws outdoor 

enthusiasts from all over the world to what Zane 

rivers in the world. Yet, despite recognition of the sanctuary's and economic 

importance, the sanctuary only enjoys administrative and lacks the stability 

and profile of a national treasure. Senator Wyden's proposed legislation would 

remedy this lack of stability by elevating the Sanctuary and providing guidance and 

resources to the U.S. Forest Service concerning the management priorities and directives of the 

area, in addition to for educational and and 

citizen stewardship. 

For these reasons, we urge you to supportS. 1448. Please contact me if you have any questions 

at or (503) 827-8648. 

Sincerely, 

DavidMoryc 

Senior Director of River Protection 

CC: U.S. Senator Jeff Merkley 
420 


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Insert offset folio 488 here 98942A.390

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Yaya Bradley <verybadly@hotmail.com> 

Wednesday, October 14, 2015 6:35 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

S. 872 

My names Harry W. Bradley, I am one oflandless Wrangell, Alaska. My Father Allan N. Bradley, Sr was born 

and raised in Wrangell, AI<, he passed away 2005. My Grandfather and Grandmother were born and raised there, 

as were their parents. We know from stories that we as a people have been there 10,000 years or longer. My 

Father never gave hope that the United States Government would some day correct what they did in 1971 with 

ANSCA and leaving our people out. He didn't get see this happen and as I get older, I'm concerned I may not get to 

see this injustice corrected and I'm more concerned that my kids will not see it happen. 

My children and have been to Wrangell many times and continue to go there to support the Culture 

activities, we feel a connection to the land and know it is ours but in this day age, we have to ask you to give back 

something that is rightfully ours. 

Please do the right thing and restore our lands us. 

Thank you. Harry W, Bradley 
423 


Insert offset folio 489 here 98942A.391

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

john brainard <john.brainard@gmail.com> 

Friday, October 16, 2015 8:12 AM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Subject: Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation 

Act (5.872) 

Re: Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act (S.872) 

Land and names are important. 

lam a landless Tlingit and my fan1ily is from Wrangell, Alaska. 

! learned about Seal ask a and l wondered what "landless" was. As l got older !learned what 

and how it was implemented, and learned how unfair it was to the certain people that 

became "the landless". You have a chance to correct this. 

for college. Then [ leamed that my cousins just nOJth of Wrangell were able to get more 

I did. 

Then !learned that one of my cousins from north of Wrangell 

all around the country, I've seen him post pictures on 

Fredericksburg, VA. I recently heard that he's now 

currently live just west of Richmond, VA, in Powhatan county. It's about two hours south of Washington DC, 

as the raven flies. up to 4 to 5 hours as the frustrated commuter drives. Powhatan county is an old 

it was one first counties in this country to not be named after something old in England. They 

it was a tribute to name a after an Indian tribe. You know the Powhatan tribe, 

all the lived nowhere near Powhatan county. 

The Monacan tribe used to live in what is now Powhatan county. The fought with the Monacan 

frequently. You may not have heard of them. The Monacan have lost their land, and they arc slowly losing their 

name. 

We have been in what the Russians called 

Alaska, and Wrangell in particular. There is 

Our art on rocks, carved thousands 

rocks, it's quite the history lesson for 

Please support this bill to correct the mistakes 

supports our name and gives ns our land, 

we need more of those. These cnrnr.rntim" 

Petersburg, Tenakee and 

give them a name and land. 

college. 

l hope you get a chance to visit 

Petroo•lvr>h Beach just outside the city of Wrangell. 

was young my mother took me to see these 

and get the full implementation of ANCSA. It 

a few more corporations in the world, like 

be for the and Haida of Haines, Ketchikan, 

the and Haida in the Southeast and 

C<)1rtmmn,iti'" and scholarships can help kids go to 

l was happy when !learned that this bill was getting a hearing in the subcommittee, but I was dumbstruck when 
424 


Insert offset folio 490 here 98942A.392

I heard there was organized opposition to this bill. lam used to the standard cries of not giving 

indians", but l was disappointed to hear that organizations like Trout Unlimited were against this. 

little room for reasoning with someone giving anything to "the indians". However, 

about issues brought by Trout let me assure that Haidas can 

responsible for the We've lived on the 

shareholder of a I that I will voice my 

manag;ement any time can. regional and village cmnm·ati<>ns 

in the 1970s, just as the green environmental movements were starting. Just think what a corporation 

starting in the 20 lO's can do. 

Please help us keep our land and our name. 

Thank you for your support of this bill. 

John Brainard 
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The Vclu for Wild Califcrni4 

of Monica IU)san:ooua, Southern California Conservation Director, California Wilderness 

Coalition, on The Desert Conservation and Recreation Act before the Senate Committee 

on Energy and Natural Resources 

October 8, 2015 

Chairwoman Murkowski and members ofthe committee, thank you for scheduling this hearing on this 

important bill regarding conservation of the California Desert. 

The California Wilderness Coalition (Ca!Wild) is a conservation organization founded in 1976. 

Our mission is to protect the natural landscapes that California providing clean air and 

water, a home to wildlife, and a for recreation and spiritual Ca!Wild is the only statewide 

organization dedicated to California's wild places and native biodiversity. 

I would like to start by expres>;ing 

diverse stakeholders in 

preservation of our beautiful California desert. 

for her work with 

championing the 

with local partners, have been working on the ground in San 

Counties to garner support for this desert legislation. We live 

our advocacy for Senator Feinstein's bill, we have built 

relationships and trust among stakeholders frankly did not exist before the work began to put this bill 

Senator Feinstein rightfully challenged us and other conservation to help her craft a 

bill that would have not only our but also off-roaders, veterans, 

utilities, business, tribes, the military and S.414 accomplishes that objective. lt 

her pragmatism and decades-long commitment to work "across the aisle" to get things done. 

From its iconic Joshua trees to its wildflower blooms, the California desert is one ofthe 

harshest in America at the same time one ofthe most and beautiful. It is a place 

of serenity, wonderment, and adventure. Its rivals redwood forests, and its 

cultural resources date back 10,000 ago from Native rock art and sacred sites to the more 

recent relics of General Patton's The California desert is also enjoyed and used by people 

from all walks oflife who it different ways. From nature photographers to 

astronomers, from hunters to from off-roaders to researchers, this place has something for 

everyone. 

C•lifornia Wilderness Coolition .. 310 Indian Blvd, #339- Cloremonl, Colifornia 
426 


Insert offset folio 492 here 98942A.394

This legislation encompasses 

important, and scenic areas 

• Establish the 94 i ,4 !3-acre Mqjave Trails National Monument in eastern San Bernardino County along 

the longest undeveloped stretch of historic Route 66; 

• Designate the 133,524-acre Sand to Snow National Monument that stretches between Joshua Tree 

National Park on the east and the high count1y of the San Gorgonio Wilderness in the San 

Bernardino National Forest to the west; 

• Add three areas 173,861 acres to the National Wilderness Preservation System, including 

the Avawatz Mountains (86,614 acres), Great Falls Basin Wilderness (7,871 acres) and Soda 

Mountains Wilderness (79,376 acres); 

four existing wilderness areas by 172,24 7 acres, including the Death Valley National 

Park (90,152 acres), Golden Valley Wilderness (21,633 acres), Kingston Range 

Wilderness (53,32 J acres) and San Gorgonio Wilderness (7, 141 acres)~ 

• Establish the 75,575-acre Vinagre Wash Special M"nao,ement 

ecologically and culturally sensitive areas would 

use, including 48,699 acres that would essentially 

County where 

de1vel•3nrnettt and 

• Enlarge Death 

Joshua Tree National 

National Park by 40,740 acres, Mojave National Preserve by 29,246 acres and 

by 2,904 acres; 

• Add 77 miles (22,400 acres) of stream to the National Wild and Scenic Rivers System along 

the Amargosa River, Deep Creek, Surprise Canyon and the Whitewater River: 

Designate the Alabama Hills National Scenic Area 

• Designate the Black Lava Butte/Flat Top Mesa Area of Critical Environmental Concern 

Revenue Sharing with State/Counties thnn Renewable Energy Rents/Royalties 

• Permanently prohibit the staking of new mining claims on approximately I 0,000 acres of land 

sacred to the Quechan Tribe in Imperial County; 

• Mandate the study and protection of a cultural trail and the features associated with it along the 

Colorado River that is sacred to several tribes; 

• Make it more difficult for developers to exploit groundwater in or near the Mqjave National 

Preserve; 

in San Diego County to Anza-Borrego Desert 

• Protect land from development that has been donated to or acquired by the federal government 

for conservation purposes; and 

• Require the Department of the Interior to study the futnre impacts of climate change on the 
427 


Insert offset folio 493 here 98942A.395

California desert, to mitigate these impacts and to identify and protect important wildlife 

migration corridors in the region. 

wilderness areas and parks in 

land; 

of state-owned land that are surrounded desert 

for federal assets, potentially including of federal 

• Designate five off-highway vehicle (OHV) recreation areas into legislatively-designated OHV areas; 

• Require the Secretary of the Interior to study the possibility of expanding these OHV areas; and 

• Allow for the expansion of a small airport in Imperial County. 

Additionally, the proposed designations will contribute to our region's superior desert and mountain 

vistas, air water peaceful and dark night skies. Protected public lands will 

provide local with for many recreational activities and generate much 

needed tax revenue through tourism. By protecting these places, we ensure that future generations can 

enjoy them tomorrow as we do today. 

Ca!Wild urges the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee to pass S.414 as soon as possible. 

Wilderness Co•lltion lllvd, #339- Claremont, 
428 


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October 7, 2015 

Chairwoman Lisa Murkowski 

Ranking Member Maria Cantwell 

Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

RE: S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act 

Dear Chaii'Woman Murkowski and Ranking Member Cantwell: 

I write to express my support for S. 1971, the Califomia Coastal National Monument Expansion 

Act This bill, introduced by Senators Barbara Boxer and Dianne Feinstein, would provide for 

the expansion of the California Coastal National Monument (CCNM) to include several new 

inland parcels and several small offshore rocks and islands along the coast, enhance accessibility 

of the CCNM lor visitors throughout the state, and establish protections to ensure that these 

areas are available for the enjoyment and benefit of cunent and future 

generations, you may know, I have introduced companion legislation to S. 1971 in the House 

(H.R. 3565) with my colleagues Reps. Anna F.shoo and Jared Huffman. 

While this bill is important for the CCNM across the entire state, it is particularly important to 

my constituents along California's Central Coast in that it el~vates the Piedras Blancas Light 

Station Outstanding: Natural Area (Piedras Blancas) to national monument status. First 

illuminated in 1875 to provide navigational to all sailors off the coast, Piedras Blancas 

is an important historical landmark in the Congressional district of CalifOrnia. The areas 

sunounding the Light Station also provide important habitat for sea birds, sea lions, and elephant 

seals, as well as over 70 native plant species. Recognizing the site's historical, natural, culturaL 

scientific, educational, scenic, and recreation values, Congress designated Piedras Blancas as an 

Outstanding Natural Area in 2008. Including the Light Station in the CCNM has strong suppo11 

from local advocates and stakeholders because it would provide additional protection to the site, 

provide to the CCNM, boost local tourism, and real1irm the importance of this site 

to both and the entire nation. 

This bill would also expand the CCNM to include onshore sites in Humboldt and Santa Cruz 

Counties, further improving access to the CCNM for visitors throughout the state. In addition to 
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Insert offset folio 495 here 98942A.397

the existing CCNM Communities, these sites would enhance visitors' to 

spend time in and with the CCNM while also the 

natural importance sites. Gaining national monument status 

protect each of these areas and secure their national nn]por·tan,ce, 

array of wildlife that calls these areas home, many are endangered. would also help 

restore habitats and protect water by placing these properties under one management plan 

to allow for better coordination resources. 

The Calitbmia Coastal National Monument provides protection for the entire California coast 

and highlights the historic and natural importance of this treasure. This bill would 

both improve accessibility to the CCNM and ensure that these are protected for all to 

enjoy. I appreciate your leadership in holding a hearing on this important legislation, and I hope 

that S. 1971 will advance quickly through your committee. Thank yon for your consideration. 

Sincerely. 

J,OISCAPPS 

Member of Congress 
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Senate Energy & Natural Resource Committee 

TO: ~'Lffi~~~!l!li!l~~~ 

lliLI1!sL._i1LQQ.I£;.@gn~~~nil~J:9:£ 

RE:S.1955,S.872 

October 22, 2015 

Please consider these brief comments on behalf of Cascadia Wildlands and Green peace, regarding 

two pieces of pending legislation that were subjects of a hearing of the committee on October 7: S. 

872, which would transfer federal lands to five new village corporations in Southeast Alaska, and S. 

1955, which would transfer federal lands to individual Alaska Native Vietnam veterans. 

We are non-profit, grassroots environmental organizations with members who live, work and play in 

impacted areas. We have devoted significant attention to the issues involved with these pieces of 

legislation, and thank the Committee for this opportunity to share what we have learned. Our 

primary interest here is the retention and multiple use of public lands, including continuation of the 

conservation of the natural resources that underpin the subsistence way of life, support the 

commercial fishing industry, and provide the unique intangible benefits of wildlands that lead people 

to call this place home. 

Let's be clear. The purpose of these two bills is concealed by the Alaska senators' craftily constructed 

camouflage of supposed equity and Native rights. The history of similar bills introduced by Alaska's 

past and present congressional delegations shows what the ploy really is. The ploy is to wrest, by any 

legislative means possible, vast quantities lands in Southeast Alaska from federal ownership, where 

the public has the right to a voice in management and where thoughtful management is a matter of 

established policy. The ploy is to find any excuse to put those lands in state or private hands that are 

administered under laws in which the public has very little, if any, say in management, and which are 

blind to the negative environmental impacts that have accumulated in the region's forests over the 

past 60 years. The ploy is contrary to wise use of resources. It is, in two words, a "land grab." Bills 

attempting to execute this same ploy have appeared in many forms over the past few decades: trying 

unsuccessfully to give land to the University of Alaska, the State of Alaska, or various Native entities. 

The only time this ploy has worked was last December, when a rider to the National Defense 

Appropriations Act allowed Sealaska Corporation to select lands it was owed from places other than 

those established for the purpose by ANCSA. We urge the committee- please let that be the last 

time. 

Attached to these comments are photos taken by Greenpeace local staff on Oct. 5, 2015; two of 

recent, typical logging by a Native corporation, and others of Alaska Mental Health Trust land that 

was logged. This logging was entirely or almost entirely for the export of unprocessed logs. Although 

we have concerns about the timber program on the Tongass National Forest, the destructiveness of 

logging on non-federal lands in Southeast Alaska is far worse. The Alaska Forest Practices and 
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Resources Act which governs all non-federal logging- provides no enforceable protection for 

wildlife habitat whatsoever, and no consideration of cumulative impacts across the landscape. 

Buffers on fish-bearing streams are far narrower under state than federal law. Logging plans can (and 

have been) drawn up effectively on the back of the proverbial napkin. "Enforcement" at the State 

level is limited to a shrinking force of drastically overworked employees. For example, the State 

currently does not even have any attorney to handle criminal enforcement of environmental laws. 

There is no justification for committing any additional lands to this kind of management. Federal 

lands must remain federal. 

S. 872 is characterized by its proponents as a remedy to what they claim is an historical inequity 

between residents of the the five villages and towns, and residents of the other Southeast 

communities. In our view, this legislation is a cynical attempt to use the power Congress has over 

Indian affairs, and a banner of historical injustice against Alaska Natives, to set up and lock-in a 

massive exploitation of Alaska's natural resources, no matter the impacts. 

This legislation also sets a very dangerous precedent by implying, contrary to ANSCA and ANILCA, 

that those pieces of legislation did not resolve Alaska Native land claims. If 5.872 passes, any 

community that feels slighted by ANCSA could complain of inequity. The floodgates would be open to 

a huge range of challenges and complaints over ANCSA. 

The 1994 study by !.S.E.R. into this issue found that the omission of these five communities was a 

function of the complex history of Alaska Native land claims. That is a long and complicated history, 

and it is dishonest to simplistically claim that these five communities were somehow just forgotten. 

Too much is being made of the importance of land-owning village corporations. The actual benefits 

provided to Alaska Natives from ANCSA corporations have not lived up to their promise. Access to 

subsistence resources, for example, is more commonly and more effectively provided by public lands, 

such as the Tongass National Forest, and by tribal councils, than it is by village corporations. In 

Southeast Alaska in particular, the ordinary consequence of transferring traditional lands to an 

ANCSA corporation has been the rapid liquidation of the land's resources, and their transformation 

into cash. Ihe real purpose of this legislation and this old-growth forest liquidation that it effectively 

gives the go-ahead is to prolong the unsustainable factions of the timber industry, no matter that this 

would be by even more of this egregious, unsustainable clearcut logging. This outcome would sting 

even more because the timber would be largely if not entirely exported to Asia as unprocessed 

round logs. 

At the hearing, Senator Murkowski intimated her intent is that this destruction would never happen, 

but her confidence is misplaced. Surely, past will be prolog and forestland with the most valuable 

timber- and correspondingly and not surprisingly high wildlife value will be selected and wiped 

clean. 

The reality on the ground is crystal clear. ANCSA corporations, operating under weak State forestry 

laws, are forced into a situation where they must maximize profit for shareholders, causing forest to 

2 
432 


Insert offset folio 498 here 98942A.400

be liquidated. There is nothing special about Alaska Native corporations that makes them any more 

or less selfish or careless than any other corporation. In terms of the practical realities on the ground, 

you may as well transfer these lands to the Weyerhaueser corporation. 

S.l!ISS 

This legislation is similarly a cynical attempt to privatize and develop several hundred thousand acres 

of public lands currently being conserved in Southeast Alaska, masquerading as an attempt to 

provide racial justice to Alaska Native Vietnam veterans. As Rep. George Miller pointed out in a 2002 

House of Representatives report, "While cloaked in a veil of sympathetic beneficiaries, this legislation 

is fraught with substantive problems," which he then explained. (House report 107-744, 2002). 

It is not dear to us that there is any inequity here that needs to be resolved. Our understanding is 

that legislation in 1998 (through a rider to Public law 105-276) and in 2000 (through Public law 106-

559) already provided the Native allotment opportunities that may have been missed out on by 

those who were serving overseas at the time. 

The practical consequence of this legislation would be that any possible benefits to the individuals 

would be overwhelmed by the undermining the social and ecological integrity of Southeast that 

would result. It is simply not the case that individuals who want a little plot of land to own and live on 

can't get one. If there were such a demand, the ANCSA corporations could (and some do) offer 

homesites and long-term leases to shareholders. The difference made by this legislation would be 

that they could select sites located on federal lands and in conservation units. The size of the 

allotments is very large-160 acres. 

The negative effects of inholdings on conservation can be profound, and the bill would allow several 

hundred of them in Southeast and a few thousand across Alaska. Comprehensive, collaborative, 

ecosystem-based management becomes impossible when the best interests of the community have 

to accommodate private property interests, and particularly ones that would be established willynilly through this bill. This "wrench-in-the-gears" effect of in holdings is, we suspect, part of the real 

motivation of this legislation. Unwilling to meaningfully engage with Forest Service policy on the 

Tongass, our Senators are reduced to attempts like this one to sabotage effective, multiple-use forest 

management. 

Thank you for considering these comments. 

Sincerely, 

Gabriel Scott 

Alaska legal Director 

Cascadia Wildlands 

POB 853 (612 Fourth St.) 

Cordova AK 99574 

~!~scwild.org 

(907) 491-0856 

Larry Edwards 

Green peace 

POB6484 

Sitka, AK 99835 

3 
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4 
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5 
435 


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6 
436 


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CENTRAL COUNCIL 

CENTRAL COUNCIL OF TUNG IT AND !!AIDA INDIAN TRIBES OF ALASKA 

Eightieth Annual Tribal Assembly 

April 15-17. 2015 

Juneau. Alaska 

Resolution TA/ 15-!9 

Title: Support of the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Seeking Legtstal!On 

to Allow Them to Form Alaska Native Claims Se!!lement Act (ANCSA) 

Recdv.: ANCSA Benefits 

By: Seattle Tlingil and I !aida Community Council 

WHEREAS. Central Council ofTlingit and Haida Indian Tribes of Alaska (Central 

Council) is a recognized tribe with nearly 30.000 tribal citizens; and 

WHEREAS. Central Council exercises its power to address land and resource allocation 

issues and uses in the Tongass National Forest: and 

WHEREAS. in 1971. the United States Congress enacted the Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act (ANCSA) to and settle the claims of Alaska Natives to their 

traditional homelands Native Corporations to receive 

and manage lands and in settlement of the claims of Alaska Natives: and 

to provide for a fair 

Natives and Native groups and was to be 

rn:n!n:rm1tv with the real economic and social needs 

settlement of all claims by 

rapidly, with certainly, in 

and 

WHEREAS. the Alaska Native communities of Haines. Ketchikan. Peter:sbltru. 

and Wrangell (known as .. Landless .. communities of Southeast Alaska) were not 

conmmnities eligible to lorm Native village or urban corporations under ANCSA. 

fact that these communities comprised greater than 20% ofthe shareholders 

WHEREAS. the reason for this exclusion is not explained in the statutory or 

language of ANCSA. and an appeal of this exclusion was not authorized in ANCSA: 

WHEREAS. a Congressional report commissioned in 1993 to examine the reasons 

the five communities were denied ANCSA eligibility indicates that the communities do not 

differ from the southeast communities that were allowed ANCSA and 
437 


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Page 2 of2 

WHEREAS, th<:se five Landless communities han; sought full eligibility for ANCSA 

benelits !(Jr lour decades. 

NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the Eightieth Tribal Assembly of Central 

Council ofTlingit and llaida Indian Tribes of Alaska conwned in Juneau, Alaska on April !5-

17. 2015, hereby agrees that the Landless communities should be eligible to form Alaska Native 

Corporations and to receive land selection rights and compensation under ANCSA. 

ADOPTED this 16111 ofApril20l5, the Eightieth Tribal Assembly of Central 

Council ofTlingit and !I aida Tribes of Alaska. 

CERTIFY 
438 


Insert offset folio 504 here 98942A.406

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

sandra churchill <slcalaska@hotmal!,com> 

Monday, October 12, 2015 1:46 AM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Re: Bill 872 Landless 

Subject: Bill 872, Landless 

Dear Senators, 

weare 

was out. 

for in the late 60's 

DC, he was councilman and a Native leader. It was 

left outs get their land, but he couldn't wait and like many 

before his dream came true, 

It 

and soon to become an Elder l tell children 

get our land settlement not be 

that has to come out of this, please hear us 

Gunalchcesh-Hawaa-1bank You, 

Sent from my iPad 
439 


Insert offset folio 506 here 98942A.408

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Diane <marce!e7@aoLcom> 

Wednesday, October 14, 2015 6:53 PM 

Subject: Fwd: Wrangell, Alaska's Landless Tlingit Natives 

Committee on am! Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

We are in lull of our Landless tor the Wrangell and need 

understand our in support of our cause. Senator Lisa is a dear 

mom, Ethel Lund, & we trust that she said all that needed to be said on our behalf, 

of my 

to resolve during the life mom, who is now 84, since this has been 

has been too long. We would to see it resolved future 

that should have been resolved within those first 

( 44!) years later. 

Please do all that you can, & help us with this mat!er, that is so important to our Tlingit & Haida 

people. 

Thank you. 

Sincerely, 

Diane Comer & 

w/Riehard Comer 

Sent from my iPad 
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PIEDRAS BLANCAS LIGHT STATION ASSOCIATION 

15950 CABR!LLO HIGHWAY 

PO BOX 127 

SAN SIMEON, CA 93452-0127 

October 6, 2015 

The Honorable Lisa Murkowski 

Chair, Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

United States Senate 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Murkowski, 

I am writing in support of Senator Boxer's bill, S.1971, the California Coastal 

National Monument Expansion Act that is scheduled for a hearing before your 

Subcommittee on Public Lands on Thursday, October 8, 2015. 

l am a member of the Board of Directors of the Piedras Blancas Light Station 

Association (PBLSA). I chaired the Board when the PBLSA, along with another local 

of the Elephant Seal a citizen's initiative in 

August 2014 to elevate the status of the Piedras Blancas Outstanding Natural Area to a 

National Monument. PBLSA supports the conservation, restoration and education efforts 

of the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) at the 20 acre historic light station. We also 

continue to actively support the Piedras Blancas California Coastal National Monument 

Initiative. 

The Coastal National Monument Expansion Act will greatly enhance management 

and resources to restore the Piedras Blancas Light Station to a in history, the early 

1900s, when the site a significant role in the protection California 

maritime activities. In addition, the Act will bolster efforts to preserve and 

natural, historical and cultural resources of the site while providing more opportunities for 

compatible scientific, cultural, social and interpretive activities for the benefit of present 

and future generations. 

Four of the structures on the 20 acre federally owned and managed site-the 

(1875), fog signal building (1906), fuel/oil house (1907) and a storage 

listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The site supports habitat 

over 60 native plant species. The increased abundance of native plant life has given rise to 

greater terrestrial animal diversity, including bobcats, raccoons, deer, skunks, rabbits, grey 

fox, coyotes, weasels, squirrels and a variety of birds and reptiles. Habitat includes 

endangered species such as the snowy plover and red-legged frog. 

The near-shore marine environment is even more dynamic-rich in species 

diversity and minimally impacted by humans. Kelp is abundant in the surrounding water, 

supporting a healthy population of southern sea otters. 
441 


Insert offset folio 508 here 98942A.410

Point Piedras Blancas is situated near the cultural interface of two Native American 

groups: the Northern Chumash and the Salinan. Archeological evidence indicates both 

groups spent time in the area during the past 3,300 years. 

The California Coastal Monument Expansion Act will ensure that the Piedras 

Blancas Light Station will continue to flourish as a site where visitors and researchers can 

explore the cultural history of the area, the abundant marine and terrestrial life, and the 

botanical habitat that form a true sanctuary, a jewel in the crown of California's Central 

Coast. 

We are pleased thatS.1971 includes provisions to continue joint management of 

adjacent federal and state land to ensure the highest level of protection for all of Piedras 

Blancas' natural and cultural treasures. 

We ask for your leadership and support to pass S. 1971, the 

National Monument Expansion Act. 

David D. Cooper, Ph.D. 

Cc: Senator Cantwell 

Coastal 
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Insert offset folio 509 here 98942A.411

October 6, 2015 

Senator Lisa Murkowski, Chairman 

Senator Maria Cantwell, Member 

and Natural Resources Office 

Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Chairman Murkowski and Ranking Member Cantwell: 

'-'"'·"'P"'Jlrn on behalf of Coh:mi- Coast Dairies National Monument is to submit this letter 

Senate Bill 1971, the California Coastal Monument Act 

and Natural Resources Committee's Subcommittee on Public agenda 

This cormnunity-t>ast:d CllmJlaiJ;;nedwas formed one 

to establish the 

announced its formation at a 

Those who attended, heard fom1er 

leaders, from a Native American Tribal leader, the 

and 200 school kids who sang "This Land is Your Land." 

community campaign farther and faster than we imagined. 

Over the course of this past 

Monterey County hosted meetings, Town 

Santa Cruzclubs, associati•Jns and local govermnents. We assembled information about 

to protect, preserve, enhance and make accessihle on a comprehensive 

to review learn from. And, we reached out directly to local residents, visitors, schools, 

businesses, houses of worship, veterans, Native Americans, and community leaders. 

Our mission was to provide you with a co:mp·rel!ensiv·e 'Sentiment of Community for yonr 

consideration as you continue In here are of how 

much our residents and area the Cotoni • Coast Dairies 

National Monument: 

• More than 14,500 local and regional residents have our petition in of Cotoni • 

Coast Dairies National Monument. We explicitly parents talk to children ahnut the 

Monument, and indicated that we wanted kids to sign the petition too. These were 

"'"'""''"hl» moments" for kids to hear from about co:tnnamlit)r-p.articiJ>at:ion, 

leadershin_Jocal-state-federa1 governments, 
443 


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Page 2 of2 

More than 100 local businesses, business associations, schools and school districts, and local 

'mver1m1ents have "Endorsed" the establishment of the proposed Cotoni Coast Dairies National 

A Citizens Campaign Committee was formed, to provide both insight and outreach, and 

these leaders were on behalf of the community Monument campaign. 

• Every local, state and Federal elected leader endorsed and supported this effort: 

.. An 

rating) 

o County Supervisor Ryan Cooneny, and the entire Santa Cmz County Board of 

Supervisors. 

o State Assemblyman Mark Stone 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

0 

of Watsonville, the City of Scotts Valley, and 

4.3% I 95% confidence 

84% 

Support was as the unincorporated area of the 

County. 

Support was 70% within 

Support was 80% within 

was 75% in each age and gender group, and among each political 

co<tst<>l-dlep,em!ent agriculture. 

Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 

our nation will cherish this Monument, 

On behalf of the hundreds leaders, residents, kids and visitors who call the Monterey Bay 

Area their home, we urge your consideration and ofthe California Coastal National 

Monument Expansion Act, and the establishment of the -Coast Dairies National Monument. 

National Monument 

Cotoni-Coast Dalriel> National Mconumenl c:arr>Pll'l!!n 419 South San Antonio Rd., Suite 211, Los Altos, 94(l22-364C 
444 


Insert offset folio 511 here 98942A.413

Yes, I support the creation of the Cotoni-Coast Dairies National Monument and the permanent 

federal protection of the land, its cultural resources, watersheds, views and vistas, redwoods, and 

the diverse plants and animals it supports. I agree to allow my name to be listed as a supporter. 

Note: This is the latest spreadsheet of signers as of 10/6/15. There are still physical signatures to be 

entered, merged/perged and the petition is ongoing. Petition available online via 

www.cotonicoastdairies.org 

First Name Last Name City/Community 

1 Mike Kahn San Bruno 

2 Shelley Ratay Palo Alto 

3 Janal Hilow santa cruz 

4 Traci Hukill Felton 

5 Dan Haifley Santa Cruz 

6 Rachel Anne Goodman Bonny Doon, CA 

7 Sara Swenson Santa Cnuz 

8 Susie Barber SantaCruz 

9 Fred Keeley Santa Cruz 

10 Kevin Flynn LOS GATOS 

11 Phil Wightman Santa Cruz 

12 Elizabeth Wightman Santa Cnuz 

13 Sheri Billings SantaCruz 

14 Chris Campbell Pacheco 

15 William Cartson Austin, Texas 

16 Stephen Slade Aptos 

17 Amanda Krauss Woodside, CA 

18 Duy Nguyen Woodside. CA 

19 Clark Guinan Berkeley, CA 

20 Ann Blanchard San Jose 

21 SallyJane Weed Healdsburg , CA 

22 QT Luong San Jose, CA 

23 Maura McNamara Boulder Creek 

24 Ruskin Hartley Albany, CA 

25 Carol Witter Santa Cruz 

26 Dorothy Kennedy Portola Valley 

27 Wendy Macias Boulder Creek 

28 Nicolette Lee Santa Cnuz 

29 Joe Miller Santa Cnuz 

30 Robert Lamar Santa Cnuz 

31 tony mamone palo alto 

32 Maria Heredia Watsonville 

33 Kelly Us anti Earth 

34 Herman Kallen Santa Cruz 

35 Katharine Minott Aptos 

36 Heloise Schaser Prunedale 

37 Walton scott San Diego 

38 Jeremiah Anderson Castro Valley 
445 


Insert offset folio 512 here 98942A.414

39 Daniel Smith San Jose 

40 Carolyn Shimek Prunedale, CA 

41 Spike Alper Bonny Doon 

42 Lynne Alper Bonny Doon 

43 Artelle Patton Mountain View 

44 Craig Neyman Mountain View 

45 Sophia Romero Los Angeles 

46 Juanita De Luna Ventura 

47 Gunther Korshak EICeiTito 

48 Tai Moses Santa Cruz 

49 Jeffrey Dubinsky Greenwell Springs 

50 Jessica Laufer Scotts Valley 

51 Stephen Williams Scotts Valley 

52 Babs Fahrney SantaCruz 

53 J Easter Santa Cruz, CA 

54 Kyle Magnuson Los Angeles 

55 Jeremy Verinsky Scotts Valley 

56 Leslie Kaplan ARROYO GRANDE 

57 Elissa kline SantaCruz 

58 Jason Segers Felton 

59 Dan Quinn Portola Valley 

60 Liz Broughton Felton 

61 Ben Pope Cupertino 

62 Ben Bravo Modesto 

63 Amanda Robinson Felton 

64 Andrew Passe II Pacific Grove 

65 Cathy Hardyman Garden Grove,Ca 

66 Gail McNulty Santa Cruz 

67 Robert Trailer Redwood City, CA 

68 Don Lane Santa Cruz 

69 Dannah Rosales Santa Cruz 

70 Patrick Leal Los Gatos 

71 Emmanuelle Pancaldi-Fiynn Los Gatos 

72 Kelly Moore Santa Cruz 

73 Jonathan Clark Esq. El Dorado Hills, CA 

74 Francis Patnesky Lawrence,PA 

7 5 Elizabeth Gulmarin Campbell/ San Jose 

76 John Beviacqua San Bruno 

771iam carey-rand Arcata 

78 Eric Behne Santa Cruz 

79 Deborah Osterberg Santa Cruz 

80 Robert Miyashiro Davis 

81 Deanna Wulff California 

82 Miles Standish Santa Cruz 

83 Ethan Oates Santa Cruz 

84 Joanna Jacobson Ben Lomond 

85 Neil Hickman Santa Cruz 

86 Jim Collis Ben Lomond 

87 Angela Jensen Ben Lomond, CA 

88 Michael Barnes Boulder Creek 

89 Lauralee McDonald Scotts Valley 

90 Brendan Leach Benicia, CA 

91 Mark Kaercher Palo Alto, CA 

92 Evanne Harrison Boulder Creek 

93 Michael Dominick Mountain View, CA 
446 


Insert offset folio 513 here 98942A.415

94 Shelley Ratay Palo Alto, CA 

95Lucy Mamone Palo Alto, CA 

96 Milo Mamone Palo Alto, CA 

97 Tina ansbro santa cruz 

98 Bob Gonzales Milpitas, ca 

99 Terra Wahl Fremont 

1 00 Jennifer Wright San Francisco 

101 Connor Reed Santa Cruz 

102 Brooks Reed Santa Cruz 

103 Jen Long San Francisco 

104 Jen Long San Francisco 

105 Michael Kowalski Scotts Valley 

106 Carroll Harrington Capitola 

1 07 Cassandra Sprenger Boulder Creek 

108 sarah mueller seaside ca 

109 JoAnne Ask Monterey 

110 Laurie Kiguchi Santa Cruz 

111 michael willing ham santa cruz 

112 Samantha Olden Aptos 

113Tanya Horlick Southern Humboldt 

114 Kelli Van Wandelen Ben Lomond 

115 Frank Jahn Fremont, CA 

116 Jeff LeFevre Santa Cruz 

117 Artemiza chavez aromas ca, 

118 peter wild berger ben lomond 

119 theresa purpuri ben lomond 

120 David Liotta Santa Cruz 

121 George Malhiot Whittier 

122 Luke Bailey San Jose 

123 EJ Armstrong Boulder Creek 

124 Nancy Owens Boulder Creek 

125 Michael Schullz San Jose I cattle area 

126 Cynthea Jolley Boulder Creek 

127 David Kelley Boulder Creek 

128 lynda Lewit soquel 

129 ms. moonsong santa cruz 

130 Janice Villemaire Santa Cruz Mountains 

131 Tamara Do an Soquel 

132 Sharon Marquedtson Santa Cruz 

133 Jeffrey Ringold SantaCruz 

134 Richard Smith Sacramento 

135 Bruce Mitchell Santa Cruz 

136 Steve Kurtagh Soquel, CA 

137 Andrew Wright Denver, CO 

Mountain View/Santa Clara 

138 jake wellington County 

139 Michael Marsh Salinas, CA 

140 Josine Smits Los Gatos 

141 Dirk Smits Los Gatos 

142 julie graef santa cruz 

143 Jennifer Lynch San Mateo 

144 Tracy Corral San Jose 

145 Adam Warren SeattleWA 

146 susan elliott santa cruz 

147 carey carroll contra costa county, CA 
447 


Insert offset folio 514 here 98942A.416

148 Emily Ramos Fremont 

149 Jeffrey Cardenas San Jose 

150 Alex wara San Jose 

151 James Uomini San Francisco 

152 Lee Myers Santa Cruz 

153 David Branley San Jose 

154 Randall Smith San Francisco 

155 dustin innocentl santa cruz 

156 Nicolas Landais Felton 

157 Randy Butera Palo Alto 

158 Max Haptonstahl San Francisco 

159 Amy lhde San Carlos 

160 Walt scott san Diego 

161 Robin Meadows Fairfield, CA 

162 Fafih Zacl< Santa Cruz 

163 Bill Richter Santa Cruz 

164 Brian Corser Santa Cruz 

165 Jessica Lansing Santa Cruz 

166 Ayse saygin san diego 

167 Amanda Francis Los gatos 

168 Jeffrey Ringold Santa Cruz 

169 James Stolp San Jose, CA 

170 John Rex Tualatin OR 

171 Adam Steckley Santa Cruz 

172 Megan Freitas San Diego 

173 Shea McElroy Davenport 

former resident of Pacific Grove 

174 Mary Ann Pohl and Coast Walks volunteer 

175 Dorothy Morton Hillsboro, OR 

176 Paul EdWards Mountain View 

177 Justin Schuster San Mateo 

178 Arleen Hess NYC 

179 Ryab Jones Los Gatos 

180 Andra Erdei Los Gatos 

181 Linda Dillon Palo Alto 

182 Jon Sandstrom San Mateo 

183 Nils Tikkanen Santa Cruz 

184 Josh Sonnenfeld Oakland 

185 Gabrielle Feldman San Jose 

186 Jeffrey Schaffzin Mountain View 

187 Linda Fawcett Ben Lomond 

188 Joe Griffin Ben Lomond 

189 Rose Whfte Santa Cruz 

190 Chelsea Cooper Santa Cruz 

191 camen Iukes boulder creek 

192 Matthew Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

193 matthew hairtield san francisco 

194 Sarah McCaleb Oakland 

195 Debra von Hoyningen-Huene Santa Clara. CA 

196 Ron Goodman Santa Cruz 

197 Martin Wetterhorn Boulder Creek 

198 Marni Fylling Hoboken. NJ 

199 Rowan Ellison Hoboken, NJ 

200 Jacqueline Wender Menlo Park 
448 


Insert offset folio 515 here 98942A.417

201 Sierra Hill Leahy Santa Cruz 

202 Randy Helms SUISUN CITY 

203 Amanda Cook Grass Valley 

204 Kathy Mayeda San Martin, CA 

205 Jaime McEwen San Jose 

206 Taj Leahy Santa Cruz 

207 Marianne Poblenz Los Altos 

208 christine johanson san jose 

209 Mary Salazar santa Cruz 

210 Bonnie Dankert La Selva Beach 

211 Sandy Henn Aptos 

212 Lindsay Dillon Palo Alto 

213 Pat Mcdonald Santa cruz 

214 sandra SUblett paradise park 

215 Matthew Bahls Menlo Park 

216 Stephen Slade Aptos 

217 Sara Tim by San Cartes 

218 Andrea Speraw San Francisco 

219 Natalie Hanneman Santa Cruz 

220 Tricia Suvari Portola Valley, CA 

221 David Smemoff Portola Valley 

222 Jennifer Mo San Jose 

223 Lois Olmstead Lafayette, CA 

224 Lois Olmstead Lafayette, CA 

225 Donald Olmstead Lafayette 

226 Thomas McNellis Bothell 

227 Chartotte Orr San Jose 

228 Eric Behne Santa Cruz 

229 Jillian Zumberge Los Gatos Mtns 

230 John Blakney Little Rock, AR 

231 Catherine Dennis-Leigh Felton 

232 Philip Parker Los Gatos 

233 Connie DeWitt San Jose 

234 Eliane Dahlhauser Freedom 

235 marguerite stevens Portola vsalley 

236 Herbert van den Bergh Los Altos 

237 Larry Wendell SantaCruz 

238 Elena Capella Santa Cruz 

239 Jennifer Parks Boulder Creek, CA 

240 Roberta landers redwood city 

241 Mardi Karin Los Gatos 

242 Sandra Kinsler Fallbrook 

243 Karin Wilhelm-Safian San Jose 

244 Claudia Chern Mountain View, CA 

245 Paula Bertucci Burlingame 

246 Todd Karin Seattle, WA 

247 Carrie Adler Santa Cruz, CA 

248 Mary Gallagher Grandview, hug a tree! dot org 

249 justin kania greenville 

250 justin kania greenville 

251 Kurt Angersbach Billings, MT 

252 beth kagel columbus 

253 Beth Thurman SantaCruz 

254 Barbara Hanson Felton 
449 


Insert offset folio 516 here 98942A.418

255 Barbara Spencer Santa Cruz 

256 arnie passman berkeley 

257 amie pass man berkeley 

258 Laura Livingston Santa Cruz 

259 Jeb Bishop Santa Cruz 

260 Morgan Stryker Santa Cruz 

261 Todd Bredehoft Ben Lomond 

262 Isabel Gloeg Santa Cruz 

263 Nils Tikkanen Santa Cruz 

264 Tri Nguyen San Jose 

265 Lee Gillis Tucson,AZ 

266 Jeremy Barousse San Jose 

267 Noveed Safipour San Mateo 

268 Melissa Stevens Santa Cruz 

269 David Feune San Cartes 

270 Shane Wittig San Jose 

271 James Laske Santa Cruz 

272 crescent smith SantaCruz 

273 Liz DeFrancesco Santa Cruz 

274 Anthony lucas Sacramento 

275 Kevin Flynn Los Gatos, CA 

276 Sheny Pruden HaywardCA 

277 Rose Filicetti Capitola 

278 Stephen Reed Santa Cruz 

279 Srihari Yamanoor San Jose 

280 Ami Ebright Santa Cruz 

281 Usa Murphy Santa Cruz 

282 Veronica Wilson Gilroy 

283 Janna Quinn Scotts Valley, CA 

284 Lora Lee Martin Santa Cruz 

285 Bonnie Joy Kaslan Sonoma 

286 Tawny lucas kailua 

287 sue kirkpatrick scotts valley ,ca 

288 Jennifer Lord Scotts Valley 

289 Terry Lord Scotts Valley 

290 Jack Lord Scotts Valley 

291 Sarah Silverman Santa Cruz, CA 

292 Sara McClellan Sacramento 

293 Bryon Gustafson Sacramento 

294 lishwara Ryaru San Rafael 

295 Hope Migliaccio Sacramento 

296 Nancy Martinez San Jose 

297 Joan Parrish Santa Cruz 

298 Todd Migliaccio Sacramento 

299 Morgan Koch Santa Cruz 

300 Greg larson Santa Cruz 

301 Christine Estolano San Antonio 

302 Marc zammit county Santa Cruz 

303 Patricia Holbert Soquel 

304 Susan Walton Capitola 

305 Laura Parks Bonny Doon 

Brooklyn, NY (previously, Santa 

306 Kathryn Paultre Cruz, CA) 

307 Lurlie Edgecomb Long Beach, CA 

308 Glenn Rennels Palo Alto 
450 


Insert offset folio 517 here 98942A.419

309 Leonard Kurz Oakland, CA & Piermont, NY 

310 Leonard Kurz Oakland, CA & Piermont, NY 

311 Robert Maule Poulsbo 

312 Mike Kellogg San Jose 

313 Sandy D'Annunzio Piedmont, CA 

314 Greg Fowler Mountain View 

315 paul perret menlo park, ca 

316 Georgia Ramirez Delano 

317 Bradley Zlotnick San Diego, CA 

318 Ear1 Stutes San Jose 

319 Mary Mourkas Palo Alto 

320 Rebecca Abraham Felton 

321 Shannar Abraham Felton 

322 Bill Bushnell Sunnyvale, CA 

323 Mary Scheller Santa Cruz 

324 Michael Josselyn San Rafael 

325 Barbara Bullock-Wilson Carmel Valley 

326 Ellen Trescott Sacramento 

327 Mark Levy Boulder Creek 

328 Mantel Beeson Oakland,CA 

329 Audrey Rust San Jose 

330 Michael Kutilek San Jose 

331 Michael Kulilek San Jose 

332 Chuck Striplen Cotati 

333 Bryant Mairs Santa Cruz 

334 Peter LaTourrette Los Altos 

335 pat mcguire Portola Valley 

336 Eunice Childs San Francisco 

337 Jonathan Davis Mountain View 

338 Karen Christian Vaii,AZ 

339 Neva Healer SantaCruz 

340 Shannon Healer Santa Cruz 

341 Rikke Cox San Francisco 

342 Lisa Covey San Francisco 

343 Jody McCalmont Los Gatos 

344 Robert Zeien Menlo Park, CA 

345 John Warren Santa Cruz 

346 Rebecca Singh San Jose, CA 

347Jill Jacobs Santa Cruz, California 

348 Rene Kunz Mountain View, CA 

349 Ekazhrd Mahl San Rafael 

350 Ken Foot Cupertino, CA 

351 Marc Franklin Santa Cruz 

352 Yelena Bruder Los Gatos 

353 Arthur McClellan Jackson, CA 

354 Marcela Graudins San Francisco 

355 Lisa Robinson Boulder Creek 

356 John Bergren Boulder Creek 

357 Mary Bernstein Palo Alto, CA 

358 Dale Keedy LaVerne 

359 Daniel Shields Santa Cruz 

360 Nicona Keesaw Boulder Creek 

361 Patricia Grilione San Jose 

362 Lew Bommann Redding, CA 

363 carol ruth Stanford 
451 


Insert offset folio 518 here 98942A.420

364 Phyllis Cole Watsonville 

365 Lee Yamada Watsonville 

366 Kent Putnam Woodside 

367 Fred McPherson Boulder Creek, CA 

368 JENNIFER BERMAN CAPITOLA 

369 Jennifer Parks Boulder Creek, CA 

370 Michael Parks Boulder Creek. CA 

371 Anthony Beere Prescott Valley, Az. 

372 Darwin Poulos Los Altos, CA 

373 Patrtcia DeiGavio Woodside 

37 4 Margaret Beebe Lompoc 

375 Chrts Lynch Santa Cruz 

376 Molly Hanson Santa Curz 

377 Peter Bradshaw Sunnyvale 

378 Jean Bradshaw Sunnyvale 

379 Scott Gillies Redwood City 

380 Kasia Markham Felton 

381 Astrtd Holberg Monterey, California 

382 David Awerbuck Monterey, California 

383 Mara Awerbuck Monterey, California 

384 Eleanor McCalla Lincoln, CA 

385 Melinda Vahradian Santa Cruz 

386 Craig Adams Woodside 

387 laura godfrey Corralitos 

388 Kiersten Elzy-Lovlng Santa Cruz 

389 Walter Hays Palo Alto, CA 

390 Kermit Cuff Mountain View 

391 Linda Apperson Sunnyvale 

392 Karen Kessinger Santa Cruz 

393 Gary Bailey Sunnyvale 

394 Debra Cross Costa Mesa, CA 

395 Donna Carr, M.D. Encinitas 

396 Sarah Whyte Sacramento 

397 Henry Hight on Santa Cruz 

398 Diane Rolfe Palo Alto 

399 Marton Siu Los Angeles CA 

400 Shauna Potocky Santa Cruz/Yosemite 

401 Martha intersimone Ia Selva Beach , ca 

402 Lubab Sheet Mountain View 

403 Roberta McPherson Boulder Creek, CA 

404 Joseph Hood Santa Cruz 

405 Sharon McGuire Aptos, CA 

406 Kevin Wehr Sacramento 

407 Melissa Frank Santa Cruz 

408 george sardina md valley center ca 

409 Patricia Sloan Butler, PA 

410Dory Mansfield Santa Cruz/Live Oak 

411 Randy Widera SantaCuz 

412 Devl Tong Aptos 

413 Rasheryl McCreary Watsonville 

414 Sherry F McCreary WatsonVille 

415 Eirin O'Neill Bonny Ooon 

416 Kristen O'Neill Bonny Doon 

417 Zachariah O'Neill Bonny Doon 

418 Sandra Taylor Santa Cruz 
452 


Insert offset folio 519 here 98942A.421

419 Brad Taylor Santa Cruz 

420nm Miles Lynchburg Virginia 

421 L Robert McGuire Saratoga, CA 

422 Micaiah Sutter Ben Lomond 

423 Judith Ryder New York City 

424 Randall Brynsvold San Jose, CA 

425 Wilson Sauthoff Santa Cruz 

426 richard Veum big sur 

427 Winifred Evans Boulder Creek 

428 Laura McLendon San Francisco 

429 Jason Comeille Boulder Creek 

430 Elizabeth Scholar Santa Cruz 

431 Amanda Francis Los gatos 

432 Daniel Holsapple Santa Cruz 

433 Emily Benz Denton, TX 

434 Robert Arko Santa Cruz 

435 Lany Tierney La Selva Beach 

436 Stephen Johnson Woodside 

437 Susan Grove Mount Shasta, CA 

438 mary beth plut chardon, ohio 

439 Aura Os!apas San Francisco/Santa Cruz 

440 Victor ARKO Cleveland 

441 Brian Kane San Francisco 

442 SHUJAN BERTRAND SANTACRUZ 

443 Molly Skonieczny San Francisco 

444 david hodge half moon bay 

445 John Clayton Sebastopol 

446 Andrew Deitz Los Gatos 

447 mark kapka san francisco 

448 Ken Pasternak San Francisco 

449 Kamran Arshad San Francisco 

450 janet Miller BonnieOoon 

451 Dianne Dryer Santa Cruz 

452 andre Iafleur Bonny Doon 

4531aura guide clark Berkeley 

454 Lisa Lavrisha San Rafael, CA 

455 matthew hollingsworth portland, or 

456 Michelle Stu hi Shokan, NY 

457 Austin Swift Santa Cruz 

458 Sandy Mason Los Gatos 

459 Sandy Mason Los Gatos 

460 Jennifer luce San Diego 

461 Jennifer Luce La Jolla 

462 Sheila Husser Watsonville 

463 Carl Ledbetter Mercer Island 

464 Charlotte Orr San Jose 

465 fred rinne san francisco 

466 Susan Stricker Chesterland 

467 James Stricker Chesterland, ohio 

468 Thomas Scott Euclid, Ohio 

469 Jim Stricker Chesterland 

470 Barbara Scott Euclid 

471 Christopher O'Donnell Euclid 

472 Greg Miller Atlanta 

473 Jenna Arko Twinsburg, OH 
453 


Insert offset folio 520 here 98942A.422

474 Michelle Riley Chicago, IL 

475 John Hanten Aurora 

476 douglas paige lakewood 

477 TIM LESS LIE NEW YORK 

478 Ben Saturni Brecksville 

479 kelly johnson san jose 

480 Sheri Martin Aptos 

481 Sheri Martin Aptos 

482 Jesse menayan sausalito 

483 Neville Loberg Ben Lomond 

484 nick much a bonny doon 

485 Matthew Cottick Oconomowoc 

486 Frank mertotti west michigan 

487 DAVID RITCH VENICECA 

488 Claudia Guerrera Berl<eley 

489 Laurie Egan Santa Cruz 

490 Patty Eaton San Jose 

491 Alexis Hawks Santa Cruz 

492 Nancy Clarl< Sharp Palo Alto CA 

493 Dennis Meaney Euclid 

494 Norm Beeson Aptos 

495 Don Nielsen Davenport 

496 Trician Comings Santa Cruz 

497 Eric Decker SCOTTS VALLEY 

498 Cheryl Wei den Los Altos 

499 Herbert van den Bergh Los Altos 

500 Andrea Botsford Santa Cruz 

501 Molly Lautamo Santa Cruz 

502 David Robinson Santa Cruz 

503 Cat Johnson Santa Cruz 

504 Lisette Cooper Santa Cruz 

505 Phillip Montalbano Daly City 

506 maria paquette san jose 

507 Peggy Borgman Soquel 

508 Michaela Zwinakis Santa Cruz 

509 Peter Zwinakis Santa Cruz 

510 William Buchholz Berkeley 

511 Colleen Grzan Morgan Hill 

512 Shealagh Devlin Boulder Creek 

513 Laura Kasa Santa Cruz 

514 Sharon Bosley San Jose 

515 Kirsi B San Pablo 

516 Sahm White Santa Cruz 

517 ROBIN HASTIE GILROY 

518 Tanya Carroll Morgan Hill 

519 Janel Greenland Gilroy, CA 

520 Marilynn Woodcock Gilroy, CA 

521 Peter Tsai San Bruno 

522 marl< saffell manhattan beach CA 

523 Scott Olmsted Santa Cruz 

524 Ali Terzian Sunnyvale 

525 Lorien Phippeny Santa Cruz 

526 Kathy Valentine Bonny Doon 

527 Bryan Crafts Decatur, GA 

528 Greg Pepping Santa Cruz 
454 


Insert offset folio 521 here 98942A.423

529 marti tedesco portola valley 

530 Jon Johnsen Richmond, CA 

531 Nancy Ortiz Newcastle, CA 

532 Les Barclay Fairfield 

533 Kate Schneiter Aptos ca 

534 Dave Workman Aptos 

535 Katherine DaSilva Jain San Rafael 

536 tom rusert sonoma, ca 

537 ana maria rebelo santa cruz 

538 Joe Hall Santa Cruz 

539 carolyn livingston santa cruz 

540 sean livingston santa cruz 

541 Hal Hyde Corralitos 

542 Jeff Clark SantaCruz 

543 Rob Rynski San Francisco 

544 Vincent Hogrefe Boston 

545 Adrienne McConnell Santa Cruz 

541 Strawberry Canyon Road, 

546 Jon Deikman Royal Oaks, CA 95076 

547 Jess Millikan San Mateo 

548 Tiffany Hernandez APtos 

549 Greg Kelly Aptos 

550 Jeannette Ralston Half Moon Bay 

551 Marla Novo Santa Cruz 

552 Marcelene Ide Santa Cruz 

553 Thomas Ide SantaCruz 

554 Michael Ide Santa Cruz 

555 Mira Ide Santa Cruz 

556 Ronald Munger Santa Cruz 

557 David Croker Campbell 

558 David Moen Pacific Grove 

559 Claudia Guzman Freedom 

560 Margaret Bekku Sanluis Obispo 

561 Laura Davis SantaCruz 

562 CJ Handy Aptos 

563 Deborah Tracy-Proulx Santa Cruz 

564 Susan Bruckner Santa Cruz 

565 julie tharp santa cruz 

566 Sue Roth Scotts Valley 

567 Stephanie Thompson Ben lomond 

568 Heather Thompson Ben Lomond 

569 Heather Thompson Ben Lomond 

570 Heather Thompson Ben Lomond 

571 Stephanie Thompson Benlomond 

572 Carolyn Coleman Santa Cruz 

573 Curt Coleman Santa Cruz 

574 Ethan Arko Santa Cruz 

575 Lanai Winter Santa Cruz 

576 Mike Golder Santa Cruz 

577 Renee Golder Santa Cruz 

578 Vince Golder Santa Cruz 

579 Milan Golder Santa Cruz 

580 Karen Kroslowitz Santa Cruz 

581 Crystal Sims Live Oak 

582 REBECCA HAlF LEY Santa Cruz 
455 


Insert offset folio 522 here 98942A.424

583 Ruth Selvidge Santa cruz 

584 Philippe MoutarUer Santa cruz 

585 Paul Goldberg ben lomond 

586 pat mcveigh santa cruz 

Littlefield, West Coast Director, 

587 Jim S.E.A Aptos, CA 

588 Anne Vanden Broek San Leandro, CA 

589 Reed Holderman Oakland 

590 Annette Hays Santa Cruz 

591 Shannon Edwards Los Gatos 

592 Jesse Cowan Santa Cruz 

593 Deborah Luhrman Soquel 

594 Brian Scholten Hudsonville Ml 

595 Julia Monahan Santa Cruz 

596 Dana Crompton Santa Cruz 

597 Christine Marez Santa Cruz 

598 David Elkins San Jose, CA 

599 Stephan Copeland Merion station 

600 pauline seales SantaCruz 

601 Liz taylor boulder Creek 

602 Benjamin Short Felton 

603jeff whalen aptos 

604 Mary ericson boulder creek 

605 Julianna Martin Campbell, CA 

606 Elizabeth Wightman Santa Cruz 

607 Susanne Kunkele SAN FRANCISCO 

608 Linda Brodman Santa Cruz 

609 Carolyn Shimek Prunedale 

610 Jim Sweeney Brooklyn 

611 Michelle Katsky Scotts Valley 

612 Tina Schiffman Santa Cruz 

613 peggy dillon santa cruz 

614 Mark Deutsch Oakland 

615 Eric Quinn Lacey, WA 

616 elizabeth ryan santa cruz 

617 John Miller Los Gatos 

618 Carol fa!conio san jose 

619 Lilian Alecia Morgan lompico/Felton 

620 Owen Proulx SantaCruz 

621 Oscar Proulx Santa Cruz 

622 Timothy Proulx Santa Cruz 

623 Bethany Schulze Santa Cruz 

624 Georgann Scally Santa Cruz 

625 Kathy Ferraro Santa Cruz 

626 Rose Filicetti Capitola 

627 Janelle Taggart Watsonville 

628 Andrea Odonnell Santa cruz 

629 Andrea Odonnell New York 

630 Brooke towne santa cruz 

631 Diane Putnam Santa Cruz 

632 Anna Ladas Capitola, CA 

633 Brij Lunine Santa Cruz 

634 Shannon Greene Santa Cruz 

635 Lisa Napier Santa Cruz 

636 Celeste Krilanovich Cook Santa Cruz 
456 


Insert offset folio 523 here 98942A.425

637 Karen Rosewood Montague 

638 Susan Dormanen Santa Cruz/Westside 

639 Ethan Oates Santa Cruz 

640 Chris Rottler Capitola 

641 Marsha Mullins Capitola, Santa Cruz County 

642 Michael McNamara Santa Cruz 

643 aurora earnest santa cruz 

644 aurora earnest santa cruz 

645 Mary Bates Felton 

646 Windy Stopnitzky Aptos 

647 Desiree echeverria Fresno 

648 Anjali vishwanath palo alto 

649 Mary Draga Santa Cruz 

650 Guy Zahller Aptos 

651 Sandra goldstein souel 

652 Kim mylls santa cruz 

653 Liz Kroft Santa Cruz 

654 Rosemary Milich Santa Cruz 

655 Paula Love Felton, Ca. 

656 Megan Jacobsmeyer Capitola 

657 Marcia Bums Watsonville 

658 elayne higbee brookdale 

659 Carol Dropla Felton 

660 Rachel Anne Goodman Bonny Doon, CA 

661 Pat Kittle Santa Cruz, CA 

662 HelmutJ Fritz Davenport 

663 Justin Eatinger Santa Cruz 

664 Eva Zeno San Jose 

665 sean crawford santa cruz 

666 Mark Lehnhoff Calistoga 

667 Jill Younger Scotts valley 

668 Patricia hHolbert Soquel 

669 Tam Holbert Soquel 

670 KC Broberg San Jose 

671 Unnila Schmit-Cohen Capitola 

672 Kimberly Emigh Felton 

673 Sandra Cohen Santa Cruz City 

674 Ellen Sweeney Boulder Creek 

675 Ellen Sweeney Boulder Creek 

676 James Anderson Scotts Valley 

677 John Pearse Pacific Grove, CA 

678 Henry Schrandt Santa Cruz 

679 Steve Mandel Soquel 

680 Steve Mandel Soquel 

681 Unda Frisch Sudbury MA 

682 Maggie Mathias Santa Cruz 

683 Connie Goddard Los Gatos Mountains 

684 Corina Caletti Santa Cruz 

685 Nicole Beck Santa Cruz 

686 Nancy Abrams Santa Cruz 

687 Anderson Shepard Santa Cruz 

688 Maria Schwartz Scotts Valley 

689 Pamela Myatt Santa Cruz 

690 Janet Hope santa cruz 

.. 691 Diana Carr San Juan Bautista, CA 
457 


Insert offset folio 524 here 98942A.426

692 Kymberly Lacrosse Boulder Creek 

693 Patricia Damron santa Cruz 

694 MKate StClair Aptos 

695 Jack Tracey Santa Cruz 

696 cathy econom santa cruz, ca 

697 Douglas Hull Santa Cruz 

698 Sandy Morrell Santa Cruz 

699 Crtstie Thomas Aptos 

700 Scott Lindberg Aptos 

701 w Sauser Santa Cruz 

702 Nancy Topf Santa Cruz 

703 carol Presley Aptos 

704 Alexandra White Santa Cruz 

705 Deborah Yates Santa Cruz 

706 Jerry Finrow Santa Cruz 

707 Gunilla Finrow Santa Cruz 

708 Robert Brusca Benicia 

709 Alicia weber scotts valley 

710 Chris Wehan Aptos 

711 Andrew Lipchik Palo Alto, CA 

712 Randy Lloyd Ben Lomond 

713 monica orlando SANTACRUZ 

714 Leigh Hill Felton 

715 jonathan buck oakland, ca 

716 Heather Shupe Los Gatos 

717 Fassio Elder Aptos 

718 mark burden santa cruz 

719 Sandy Skees Soquel 

720 Tamara Castleman Paducah 

721 Lisa Zaretsky Aptos 

722 Zachary Wormhoudt SantaCruz 

723 Adam Wormhoudt Santa Cruz 

724 Erik Eriksen Santa Cruz 

725 Ursula Lamberson Santa cruz 

726 Angela Cesari Boulder Creek 

727 Jayette Wilkerson Salinas 

728 Bernadette Powell Berkeley 

729 erin murphy sata cruz 

730 Kathy Harley Santa Cruz 

731 Ella Harley Santa Cruz 

732 David Sanguinetti Scotts Valley 

733 Marissa Maciel Santa Cruz 

734 Michelle Miranda Santa Cruz 

735 Priscilla Williams Santa Cruz/Live Oak 

736 Suzanne Johnson Santa Cruz 

737 Pam Howell Santa Cruz 

738 Eve Egan Santa Cruz 

739 Frank Schmit SantaCruz 

7 40 Catherine Van Loon Santa Cruz 

741 sally bailey san jose 

742 Brian Phelps San Jose 

743 Kerstin Willmann Boulder Creek 

744 Sarah Hawkins San Jose 

745 barbara sblendorio santa cruz 

746 Andrew Erwin Washington, D.C. 
458 


Insert offset folio 525 here 98942A.427

747 Jackie Pascoe Santa Cruz 

7 48 Elizabeth Painter Santa Barbara 

749 Pamela Northcutt San Diego 

750 Erika osorio carlsbad 

751 katalin rader los altos, ca 

752 Sharon Reeve La Mesa 

753 Kimberly Davis Aptos 

754 max evans los gatos 

755 Elizabeth Crane Dublin, CA 

756 Kimberly Davis Aptos 

757 Joel Schaefer Santa Cruz CA 

758 Phil Gor Campbell 

759 Karen Laing Santa Cruz, CA 

760 Patrick gallagher MenloPalk 

761 Lisa Birney santa cruz 

762 Tom Birney santa cruz 

763 Wendy Core Santa Cruz 

764 Nancy Cooper SantaCruz 

765 Alexa Finlay San Leandro 

766 Linda Willis Soquel 

767 Lorraine Meuse! Aptos 

768 Daniel Finlay San Leandro, CA 

769 Daniel Le Roue Portland Oregon 

770 Leanne Feely San Francisco 

771 Joseph Curtis Bonny Doon 

772 Jessica Macintire Santa Cruz 

773 Diane Hickman Boulder Creek 

774 Thomas Holland Corralitos 

775 Laurie Nowalk Aptos 

776 Chuc Nowark Aptos 

777 Amanda Lee Encinitas 

778 Rebecca Cadman Santa Cruz 

779 Carol Hush Tehachapi, CA 

780 Albert Sa porta Capitola 

781 Richard Tran Milpitas 

782 Gail Meehan Soquel 

783 Sandra Burroughs Holland Corralitos 

784 Amy Kopald SANTACRUZ 

785 J.M. Brown Capitola 

786 shannon abernathy santa cruz 

787 Lenny Norton Felton 

788 Nina Haley Santa Cruz 

789 Murias O'Ceallagh Santa Cruz 

790 Margaret Bekku San Luis Obispo 

791 Brian Malone Campbell 

792 Kale Riley Santa Cruz,CA 

793 Erica Chapin Santa Cruz 

794 Chartes Heron Ben Lomond 

795 John Kelly San Jose 

796 Jacques Bertrand Capitola 

797 Monica Larenas Santa Cruz 

798 Julie Copeland Santa Cruz 

799 Malk Schleicher Aptos 

800 Marie Beckham Aptos 

801 Jessica Evans Santa Cruz 
459 


Insert offset folio 526 here 98942A.428

802 Gary Davis Sunnyvale, CA 

803 Greg Monaco Santa Cruz 

804 Stacy Monaco Santa Cruz 

805 Matthew Weis Soquel, CA 

806 richard simon watsonville 

807 Lowell Walker Davenport, ca 

808 Lowell Walker Davenport, ca 

809 alexandra sa bella Sacramento 

810 Jennie Anderson Santa cruz 

811 Melanie Freitas Aptos 

812 Michael Freitas Aptos 

813 Marilyn Diamond San Jose 

814 Clifford Sampson Martinez 

815 Jordan Plotsky Santa Cruz 

816 Brad Asmus Aptos, CA 

817 Adam Blum Santa Cruz 

818 Judy Cassada Santa Cruz, CA 

819 cardenio petrucci san francisco 

820 Thomas Fitzgerald Campbell 

821 Jonathan Bertoni Mountain View 

822 Max Caldwell San Jose 

823 suzanne Rudder Santa Cruz 

824 Nancy Holmes Seaside Oregon 

825 Letha Welch Los Gatos 

826 Amy Phinn Scotts Valley 

827 Nicole Wing Los Gatos, Santa Cruz County 

828 Patricia Bowers Santa Cruz 

Los Gatos/Santa Cruz 

829 Lucy Stanley Mountains 

830 Lisa Murphy Felton 

831 Alice Russell Santa Cruz 

832 Ann Ostermann Santa Cruz 

833 Josh Renaud Santa Cruz 

834 Kari Auerbach Santa Cruz, California 

835 Dylan Vahradian Santa Cruz 

836 Carmel Crane Felton, CA 

837 Gregory Smith Los Gatos 

838 Franco Picare!!a Santa Cruz 

839 Katrina Haeger Santa Cruz 

840 Loni kOCh folsom ca 

841 Mairan Smith Scotts Valley 

842 Penny Rich Santa Cruz 

843 Bill Hill Santa Cruz 

844 Jill Zahner Campbell, CA 

845 Juliette Bryson Cupertino, CA 

846 Les Whitaker Riverside California 

847 Susan Whitaker Riverside California 

848 John Griffiths Beaverton, OR 

849 Murray Aronson West Hollywood 

850 Lurlie Edgecomb Long Beach, CA 

851 Richard Moshier Sunnyvale, CA 

852 Richard Morrison Lafayette, CA 

853 Marcia Kaplan Saratoga 

854 David Gelphman Aptos 
460 


Insert offset folio 527 here 98942A.429

855 Chandra Gardner Santa Cruz 

856 marissa gleichenhaus san mateo 

857 Alison Pollack Cupertino 

858 Alan Lucchesi Oakland 

859 Jean Brocklebank Santa Cruz 

860 Allen Sanborn Santa Fe, NM 

861 Hilde Dehuvyne Zayante 

862 Donna Carr, M.D. Encinitas 

863 Walter Hays Palo Alto, CA 

864 June Cancell Portola Valley, CA 

865 lisa Rose Santa Cruz 

866 Laura Bowers Ben Lomond 

867 Marion Siu Los Angeles CA 

868 Robin Perry Oakland 

869 Lance de Cesare santa cruz 

870 Michael Heinaman Milpitas 

871 Ashley D'Antonio Logan, Utah 

872 Nicholas Sassano santa Cruz 

873 Alex Curotto los Gatos 

874 Hillary White Davis 

875 Sonia Nowicki San Jose 

876 Jerome Parsons Los Gatos 

877 Dean Eberly Lebanon, PA 

878 Candace Shad bolt Portland 

879 Tony Kramer Palo Alto 

880 Brandon Velez Fort Carson, CO 

881 Kaplan Elizabeth Palo Alto 

882 Bob Byrne Carmel 

883 Rlbert Katz portola valley 

884 Karen Mendoza castro valley 

885 Chris Lawrence Oakland 

886 Hal Mickelson Palo Alto 

887 Tracy Spears SantaCruz 

888 amanda north woodside 

889 cindy Georgakas Woodside 

890 Laura Chase Portola Valley 

891 Susan Arbuckle Woodside 

892 Kevin McKinney Lorna Prieta 

893 Margaret MacNiven Woodside CA 

894 Michelle Ahkstrom Woodside 

895 Bruce Mitchell Santa Cruz 

896 Deborah McArthur Santa Cruz 

897 Linley lyman Los altos Hills 

898 Brad Lyman Los Altos Hills 

899 Ruth Sherer Palo Alto 

900 Eugenia Calande-St.John Capitola 

901 Mike St.John Capitola 

902 Julie Campbell San Francisco 

903 Sara Rinaldi San Francisco 

904 Diane Cordova Menlo Park, CA 

905 Nia Olmstead San Jose 

906 Rene Kunz Mountain View, CA 

907 Ashley Robello Santa Cnuz 

908 Walter Moore RedWood City 

909 Paul Kayson Chico 
461 


Insert offset folio 528 here 98942A.430

910 Sandy D'Annunzio Piedmont 

911 Kevin Osborn Santa Cruz 

912 Robert Lindemuth Fallbrook. CA 

913 Rick Flores Felton, CA 

914 Jan Merryweather Palo Alto 

915 dale lachtman montara calif 

916 George Engel San Bruno, CA 

917 Rachelle Anderson San Jose 

918 Zack Hood Santa Cruz 

919 Desiree a berne thy boulder creek 

920 Gayle Dangers-Meusel Aromas 

921 Elizabeth Schulze Palo Alto, CA 

922 Julie Burr Aptos 

923 Curt Schulze Palo Alto, CA 

924 Sally Hartman San Francisco 

925 Jenna Clancy SantaCruz 

926 Aileen Maglalang Milpitas 

927 jeff curtis Corralitos 

928 Sheila McKenna Hawaii National Park 

929 Frank Priest Nyack, NY 

930 Nancy Arbuckle Redwood City 

931 Gordon Clark Pescadero 

932 Sarah Brewer Santa Cruz 

9331rv Staats oakland 

934 gene manako Santa Cruz 

935 Dean Spieller Santa Cruz 

936 Leslie Bergman Woodside 

937 Claire Lewis Redwood City 

938 Sarah Blyan Woodside 

939 Christopher hansen corralitos I SC County 

940 Kate Daly Woodside, CA 

941 Melinda Kralj Aptos. Corralitos, Santa Cruz 

942 Zdravka Tzankova Santa Cruz 

943 Laura Partch Santa Cruz 

944 Elizabeth Traugott Santa Cruz 

945 Kelsey Forest Santa Cruz 

946 Jon Winston Santa Cruz 

947 Kate Aim Davenport 

948 Dana Newton BOULDER CREEK 

949 Edgardo LeBlond Santa Cruz 

950 Laura Shaw Bonny Doon 

951 Steve VanZandt La Honda 

952 Jenine Alliin Woodside 

953 Amelia Schmale Santa Cruz 

954 Andrea Gailo San Jose 

955 Megan Simmons Half Moon Bay, CA 

956 Chris Thomsen Menlo Park 

957 Clare Middleton-Detzner Oakland, CA 

958 ronja McArthur Santa Cruz 

959 Lei! McArthur Santa Cruz 

960 Denise Blair Santa Cruz 

961 Diane Myers-Lipton Ben Lomond 

962 Rebecca Miller Santa Cruz 

963 Lisa Uttal Santa Cruz 

964 Diane Hamilton Boulder Creek 
462 


Insert offset folio 529 here 98942A.431

965 Kathileen Reyes santa Cruz 

966 Claire Sommargren Santa Cruz, CA 

967 Esther Frances Soquei,CA 

968 Mark Davidson Scotts Valley 

969 John Marden Santa Cruz 

970 Greg Brown Santa Cruz 

971 Karen Mallory Santa Cruz North Coast 

972 Jessica DeWit Scotts Valley 

973 Mary Hnatt Soquel, CA 

974 Susan lonnblad watsonville 

975 Fred Willoughby Boulder Creek 

976 Jennifer SqUires Aptos 

977 Alessandro Hnatt Soquel 

978 Michael Pollack Cupertino, CA 

979 David Curtis Watsonville 

980 Colby Anton Santa Cruz 

981 Clare Sheils Santa Cruz, CA 

982 jeremy mathews santa cruz 

983 Erik soderholm aptos 

984 John Cleveland Los Gatos 

985 samantha Clark Santa Cruz 

986 Peggy Galvin Scotts Valley 

987 Eileen Broughton Felton 

988 colleen Brady Aptos 

989 Tom LaHue Aptos 

990 larry Laurent Aptos 

991 Sara Laurent Aptos 

992 Anna Laurent Aptos 

993 Kristin Sigurbjornsson Santa Cruz 

994 Garrett McAuliffe Santa Cruz 

995 stephen Bourdow santa Cruz 

996 sarah Bourdow santa cruz 

997 Donna Lohrmann Scotts valley 

998 Steve Ralston Scotts valley 

999 Bill Weatherwax Santa Cruz 

1000 stephanie schaefer san jose 

1001 lynda leigh santa cruz 

1002 Antonio Guttman San Jose 

1 003 Antonln Guttman Santa Cruz 

1004 lindsay harman santa cruz 

1 005 lindsay harman santa cruz 

10061ris Wallace Santa Cruz 

1007 David Wallace Santa Cruz 

1008 carol Polhamus santa cruz 

1009 Joey Pini Live Oak 

1010 Michelle hernandez ben Lomond 

1011 Wm Fisher Santa Cruz 

1012 Dick Graybill Aptos 

1013 Jim Curland Moss Landing 

1014 Jeff Baker Watsonville 

1015 Daniel Drzal Santa Cruz 

1016 Karl Kroeber Soquel 

1017 gayle eisner los gatos 

1018 william eisner los gatos 

1019 Caldoania Jahrmarkt Taos 
463 


Insert offset folio 530 here 98942A.432

1020 Linda Butters Carmel 

1021 Sandy Silver Santa Cruz 

1022 Laura Davis Santa Cruz 

1023 Rose Pineda Plantation, Fl 

1 024 Jeanine Crider Mountain View 

1025 Jean Anderson Aptos 

1026 Dan Chen Santa Cruz 

1027 Chris Chang Santa Cruz 

1028 Rick Farber Los Angeles 

1029 Rose Gordon Taos 

1030 Ed Glatfelter-Janes Santa Cruz 

1031 Kathy Haber Santa Cruz, CA 

1032 Larry D. Condit Mountain View 

1033 Frank Menagh Santa Cruz 

1034 Elliott Wright The Nature Conservancy 

1035 Lindsey Loperena Santa Cruz 

1036 Dianne Thompson Santa Cruz 

1037 Michael Burroughs Santa Cruz 

1038 Jim Littlefield Aptos 

1039 Lindsay Knights Scotts Valley 

1040 Julie Kanagy Fetton 

1041 Linda Kwong San Jose 

1042 Mons Morrison Los Gatos 

1043 Eart Stutes San Jose 

1 044 Alexandra Baldwin Capitola 

1045 Anita Webb Santa Cruz 

1046 Pam LoCoco Lama Mar 

1047 tony mamone palo alto 

1048 Archer Koch Santa Cruz 

1049 Lary Lawson Pescadero 

1050 molly black Ia honda, ca 

1051 Dougls Blaisdell Capitola 

1052 Dennis Allen Felton,Ca 

1053 Ronald Davis Santa Cruz 

1054 Gisela Leitermann Ben Lomond 

1 055 Wolfgang Leitermann Ben Lomond 

1056 WILLIAM DAVIS CARMICHAEL 

1057 marcia mcdougal davenport 

1058 bruce mcdougal davenport 

1059 Patrick Wilkinson Santa Cruz 

1060 Abigail Shapiro Pacifica 

1061 Paulette Jensvold La Quinta 

1062 Jonathan Stenger New York 

1 063 Jasmine Roohani Santa Cruz/seabright 

1 064 Kenneth Lyons Santa Cruz 

1065 Rick Boyle Santa Cruz 

1066 Steve McDonald Santa Cruz 

1067 ABIGAIL DAVIS San Francisco 

1068 WILLIAM DAVIS Carmichael 

1069 Stacie Rodrigues Santa Cruz 

1070 Ashley Stefko Walnut Creek 

1071 Mary Talpas Soquel 

1072 Brian M. San Francisco 

1073 Brian Griffin Santa Cruz 

1074 Ben Shefftz Montara 
464 


Insert offset folio 531 here 98942A.433

1075 Becky Moshier Sunnyvale 

1076 Blake Bandy Sacramento, CA 

1 077 Katherine Bandy Sacramento, CA 

1078 Michael Auger Lewiston 

1079 Jack Marden SantaCruz 

1080 Kim Martin Santa Cruz 

1081 Neal Roggenkamp Santa Cruz 

1082 Rose Nelson Santa Cruz 

1083 Nanci Ryker ..Judd Felton 

1 084 Alexander Wood Santa Cruz 

1 085 Jessica daniels san Jose 

1086 Becky Nankivell Long Beach, CA 

1087 jay Wilson Santa Cruz 

1088 Hadley Blangy Santa Cruz 

1089 Kela Metzger Santa Cruz 

1090 Christina Grantz·Carter Santa Cruz 

1091 Clare Tooth Aptos/Santa Cruz 

1 092 Joselynn Burton Santa Cruz 

1093 Marl< Matson Hillsboro 

1 094 Michael LANGEL LA Santa Cruz 

1095 andrea ratto Corralitos 

1096 joseph ward corralitos 

1097 nicky lawrence santa cruz 

1098 derek lawrence santa cruz 

1 099 savannah ward san francisco 

11 00 Cathryn Boult Santa Cruz 

1101 FRANCES PETKEWICH SANTACRUZ 

1102 Jill Perry Santa Cruz, CA 

11 03 Malcolm Smith Santa Cruz 

1104 Marisa Gomez Santa Cruz 

1105 Ashly Cull umber Santa Cruz 

11 06 Barbara Fitzgerald La Honda 

11 07 Veronica Bonser La Honda, CA 

1108 Edward Cookman Milwaukie, Oregon 

1109Ara Johnson Felton 

1110 Colleen Sands Columbia 

1111 Paul Bacon Santa Cruz 

1112 Harvey Alton Warr Carmel 

1113 Danny Noonan Da~ington, NSW, Australia 

1114 Adam Urrutia Marina, CA 

1115 Cristina Garcia lnte~aken, CA 

1116 Andrea O'Brien Washington 

1117 patrick williams capitola 

1118 Jason Wehmhoener Watsonville 

1119 Mardee McGraw Aptos 

1120 Bruce McDonald La Selva Beach 

1121 Nita Sierke Woodside 

1122 Jim Milton Woodside 

1123 Matt Parcher Santa Cruz 

1124 Carl Uebelhart Santa Cruz 

1125 Morgan Koch Santa Cruz 

1126 Barry Grimm Bonny Doon 

1127 Chrissy MacLean Santa Cruz 

1128 Philip Simon San Rafael 

1129 Steve Shimek Prunedale, CA 
465 


Insert offset folio 532 here 98942A.434

1130 Andrea Breazeale Santa Cruz 

1131 Mireya Gomez Watsonville 

1132 joanna jarvis santa cruz, ca 

1133 Yelena Kolodji Los gatos 

1134 Yelena Kolodji Los gatos 

1135 Theresia Rogerson Ben Lomond 

1136 yelena kolodji los gatos 

1137 Matthew Arnerich Santa Rosa 

1138 Brendan Lehman Santa Cruz, CA 

1139 Jessica Tang Rocklin 

1140 Steven Rybicki Chicago, IL 

1141 Gabrielle Feldman San Jose 

1142 Arthur Porcella Santa Cruz 

1143 Abel Vargas Felton 

1144 Bridget Dugan San Francisco 

1145 Kimberly Stefanac Santa Cruz 

1146 Kimberly Stefanac Santa Cruz 

1147 Thomas Herrmann Morgan Hill 

1148 Bruce Bundy Santa Cruz 

1149 catherine right santa cruz 

1150 grace voss santa cruz, ca 

1151 thomas weathers fairfield ca. 

1152 ian Bomarth Fremont, California 

1153 Josh Greenbaum Berkeley 

1154 Geno Lucero San Francisco Bay Area 

1155 Keren Stronach Berkeley 

1156 Chartes Parker Foster City 

1157 Phyllis Parker Foster City 

1158 Lance Hulsey Ben Lomond 

1159 Frederic Kahn Palo Alto 

1160 Margaret Fitzmaurice Felton, CA 

1161 Carroll Harrington Capitola 

1162 Ami Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

1163 Keith Woelbing Eugene, OR 

1164 Denise Elerick Aptos 

1165 Randall Grahm Davenport 

1166 Sandy Henn Aptos 

1167 Katie Harrar San Francisco 

1168 Jake Middaugh Auburn Indiana 

1169 Rachel Wolf Santa Cruz 

1170 Richare Penniman Truckee, CA 

1171 Leonie mendoza milpitas 

1172 Andrew Westerman Santa Barbara 

1173 Dmitrly Kernasovskiy Menlo Park 

1174 Clark Davenport Turtock 

1175 Clinton Hayes Redwood City 

1176 Taylor Dodds San Francisco 

1177 Heidi Plovve Santa Cruz 

1178 Tricia Adams Aptos 

1179 Jeffrey Ringold Santa Cruz 

1180 David Morgan Santa Cruz mountains 

1181 PTanzy Maxfield Truckee, CA 

1182 Alexandra chartier ben lomond 

1183 Ellen Wallace Milton, Ma 

1184 Robin Stevens Felton 
466 


Insert offset folio 533 here 98942A.435

1185 Melissae Fellet Santa Cruz 

1186 justin morton aptos 

1187 Ryan Bidwell Durango 

1188 Kelly Clonts San Francisco 

1189 Franny waldear Santa Cruz 

1190 Christopher Snyder Marina, CA 

1191 Therese magnani valencia 

1192 Patricia & Donald Anderson Grass Valley 

1193 lisa Oldroyd santa cruz 

1194 Mary rothert Santa Cruz 

1195 Julie Segers Auburn 

1196 Feather Pritchard Santa Cruz 

1197 Frank Santana Santa Cruz 

1198 Darlene Wiedemann Sunnyvale 

1199 Sarah Bot Santa Cruz 

1200 Persefoni Likoudis Ventura 

1201 tanya gilliam santa cruz 

1202 steve gilliam santa cruz 

1203 Lisa Schallop Santa Cruz 

1204 Julie Minnis Santa Cruz 

1205 Tera Martin Santa Cruz 

1206 Zora Martin Etemadi Santa Cruz 

1207 Malalai Martin Etemadi Santa Cruz 

1208 Michele Wisniewski San Diego 

1209 Keith Trainor Santa Cruz, CA 

1210 Hal Geren Newark, California 

1211 valerie khachadouria san carlos 

1212 Judith Butts Mountain View 

1213 Fred Butts Mountain View 

1214 Susan Shreve San Jose, CA 

1215 Graham Adams San Jose 

1216 Brandon Topping Morgan Hill 

1217 Brynn Cobb Felton 

1218 Tracey Laverty South Prairie 

1219 Betty Meissner Menlo Park 

1220 Neil Crews Santa Cruz 

1221 Laurel McClure Mountain View, CA 

1222 Melina Meissner Bay Area 

1223 Richard Stanley Santa Cruz 

1224 Clo Byrne San Jose 

1225 Kimberly Rich Danville 

1226 Barbara renz Fort Wayne IN 

1227 Carrie Gotch San Francisco 

1228 Michael Frese Los Altos Hills 

1229 Arline Abarr Redwood City, CA 

1230 Corry Edwards Woodside 

1231 Jeffrey Parry Pescadero 

1232 Steve Potocny San Diego 

1233 Rodney Flink San Carlos 

1234 Conor Fitzgerald Redding 

1235 Antta Miller Aromas 

1236 Andrew Linden burgh Bonny Doon 

1237 Heather Lozano Pacifica 

1238 Gregory Lake Sausalito 

1239 Jeffrey Hoffman OAKLAND 
467 


Insert offset folio 534 here 98942A.436

1240 Harvey Brenneise Seattle 

1241 Ramona Loynd Riverside 

1242 Annie Deckert San Jose 

1243 Sylvia Bomnarth Rochester, NY 

1244 Lisa Cumett Bonny Ooon 

1245 Nancy Polley San Francisco 

1246 Ron fils on los altos 

1247 Catherine Gutierrez Santa Clara 

1248 Janice Gloe Oakland 

1249 Janice Gloe Oakland 

1250 Patricia Young Mountain View 

1251 Leslie Fish Palo Alto 

1252 Kathleen Verhey Scottsdale Az 

1253 Laurene Spencer HILLSBOROUGH 

1254 Katherine Whyte Belmont 

1255 John Blakeslee Santa Cruz, CA 

1256 Angel Chen Cupertino 

1257 Karen Ratay Grass Valley, Calif 

1258 Alice Webber Oakland, CA 

1259 Linda Ellen Lemaster Davenport 

1260 Desiree La Grone San Jose 

1261 Connie Landes Santa Cruz 

1262 Tom Landes Santa Cruz 

1263 Rose Filicetti Capitola 

1264 Cielle Taaffe Oakland 

1265 Muriel Amsden Moraga 

1266 Chris Berry Felton, CA 

1267 Jane Miller Menlo Park 

1268 Stuart Carlson Santa Cruz 

1269 Tim folkert holland, mi 

1270 Kendra Mann Los Gatos 

1271 Patty Walters Santa Cruz 

1272 Vikki Pachera Los Gatos 

1273 Gabrielle Feldman San Jose 

1274 Marina Chislett San Jose 

1275 Michael Viramontes San Jose 

1276 Mandy Jaggers san Jose 

1277 Veronica Wilson Gilroy 

1278 Madison McDowell Santa Cruz 

1279 Amanda Mess mann San Jose 

1280 Russell Osaki San Jose 

1281 Gabriel Alvarado Modesto 

1282 Taylor Crenshaw San Francsico 

1283 Jannie Ph am San Jose 

1264 Brittany Bussell Santa Cruz 

1285 Wendy Olver Santa Clara 

1286 Steven Osaki San Jose 

1287 Eric Vallard San Jose 

1288 Shelby Jackson Campbell 

1289 Ruti Cogan Campbell 

1290 Eric Quinn Lacey, WA 

1291 Juliet Hamman Rocklin 

1292 GEORGE GUTIERREZ SAN JOSE 

1293 Valva Pazemenas Scotts Valley 

1294 Nils Carlson Palo Alto 
468 


Insert offset folio 535 here 98942A.437

1295 Jessica Klodnicki santa cruz 

1296 Marc zammit los gatos 

1297 Molly Swesey Newcastle, ca 

1298 Analisa Campos San Jose 

1299 ltzel Coronel San Jose 

1300 Roni Love Cerritos 

1301 Andrew Nguyen San Jose 

1302 Andrew Aldrich Oakland 

1303 Sarah Cox Santa Cruz 

1304 Julie chisholm los gatos 

1305 Eric palmer monterey 

1306 Dustin Mulvaney Santa Cruz 

1307 James Wagner Los Gatos, CA 

1308 Lisa Epp Gilroy 

1309 Kate Minott Aptos 

1310 Barbara Davis Scotts Valley 

1311 Becky Kerr Aptos 

1312 Sandra Henn Aptos 

1313 Lisa Morrison Lakewood 

1314 Judith Broadhurst Ben Lamon 

1315 molly Y.rinslow hanson santa cruz 

1316 Caryn Hammond Aptos 

1317 wendy walsh san diego 

1318 Emma Kitzmiller Santa Cruz 

1319 ginaia kelly davenport 

1320 Muriel-Jane Ratcliff Paris, France 

1321 Renee Rosky Boulder Creek 

1322 Mary Hammer Boulder Creek Santa Cruz Co 

1323 Rhonda Suzanne lemasters san Diego 

1324 Ben McCue San Diego 

1325 Betty Olivolo Kittery 

1326 Anthony Nolan Washington DC 

1327 Kym Teppo San Jose 

1328 Eric Raible Santa Cruz 

1329 Joyce Warriner San Francisco 

1330 Jules Villanueva·Castano live Oak 

1331 Dan Miller Asheville, NC 

1332 Audrey Miller Asheville, NC 

1333 Bryan Rich Scotts Valley 

1334 Virginia Rollison Mountain View 

1335 jonathan buck oakland, ca 

1336 Bob Peterson Aptos 

1337 JAMES MAUGHN SANTACRUZ 

1338 Ethan Chickering Concord, CA 

1339 Steven Griffing Columbus 

1340 Ron Thumann San Jose 

1341 Sean Connolly San Francisco 

1342 Craig Wilson Soquel 

1343 Haden Komar Soquel 

1344 Laura Hamill Pacific Grove 

1345 Pa Gunderman orange,CA 

13461ina horn Hamburg 

1347 Lily Tieu Milpitas 

1348 Fred Keeley Santa Cruz 

1349 Simone Poyourow Santa Cruz 
469 


Insert offset folio 536 here 98942A.438

1350 Elissa Southward Washington DC 

1351 Teresa Edmonds Cannel Valley 

1352 Dave Krupa Flint 

1353 Alyssa Ravasio San Francisco 

1354 Craig Wilson Soquel 

1355 Noel Murray Santa Cruz, CA 

1356 Jennifer Chavez Sacramento 

1357 jane schlegel baltimore 

1358 Kreig Brockschmidt Nevada City, CA 

1359 Maralyn Owen Chicago 

1360 Candie Glisson West Lafayette. in 

1361 Warren Johnson Bemidji 

1362 Matthew Tarpley McDonough 

1363 Jane Bernard Santa Fe, NM 

1364 Bryan Wyberg Coon Rapids, MN 

1365 Kenneth Putney Biddeford, Maine 

1366 Kristeen Penrod Seat«e 

1367 dolores dempsey san diego 

1368 Lisa Jablow Brattleboro, VT 

1369 Patrick Baker Atlanta, GA 

1370 Joan Story Oakland, CA 

1371 Alice Guthrie Longmont, CO 

1372 Adriana Micciulla Scottsdale 

1373 Canos White WinfieldMO 

1374 Jessica Kusz Santa Cruz 

1375 Chartes Barnett Woodside 

1376 Pat Rolston Mount Tabor. NJ 

1377 SSG SANDRA K FOLEY, USA, RETIRED ANTELOPE 

1378 Cindi Kestrel Loveland 

1379 Terry Rolleri San Francisco· 

1380 Joanna Smith Brooklyn 

1381 Derrick Hausen LosAngales 

1382 Stephanie Linder San Francisco 

1383 Harvey Ettinger Minneapolis 

1364 James Perkins Los Angeles 

1385 Michael Johnson Indian Hills, CO 

1386 John BaraooiNSki Central Valley, NY 

1387 Rhonda Mickelson Estes Park 

1388 Carol Teutsch Los Angeles 

1389 Jane Engelsiepen Carpinteria, CA 

1390 Katie Owens long beach 

1391 Cynthia Patterson Marietta 

1392 Lori Bres San Antonio 

1393 Maxine Dunkelman Olympia, Washirrgont 

1394 Catherine L Carlin Fairview Park 

1395 Marilyn Lemmon EtCerrito 

1396 Diane McCarthy Saratoga, CA 

1397 Catherine L. Carlin F airvlew Park 

1398 Eugene Hatfield Jonesboro, Georgia 

1399 cathie Leslie Las Cruces 

1400 john mahle key west, fl 

1401 Susan Stitt Golden, CO 

1402 Denise Martini Las Vegas, NV 

1403 Cheri Sayer Kent, WA 

1404 Heidi Roeder MECHANICSBURG 
470 


Insert offset folio 537 here 98942A.439

1405 sylvia smith oakland 

1406 Gloria Levitt Fairlawn 

1407 mark perreau!t norfolk, VA 

14081 marsden burlingame, ca 

1409 Lauretta Rubin Amelia Island, FL 

1410 Laura Lindgren Long Beach, CA 

1411 Shelley Price Atlanta 

1412 Jared Fuller Pleasant Grove, Utah 

1413 Valeriya Efimova Jersey City 

1414 caroline oliveira princeton 

1415 Waller Barfield Austin, Texas 

1416 Leigh Howell San Jose 

1417 JohnR Manning San Francisco 

1418 George Stadnik Astoria 

1419 Tanya Baldwin Los Gatos 

1420 Mary Martin Parkville 

1421 Joe LeBlanc Albany, GA 

1422 Joseph Gresko Stratford, CT 

1423 Karen Christian Vaii,AZ 

1424 Mike Madden Los Angeles 

1425 Kristen Schnell San Clemente 

1426 Marc Olson Elbow Lake 

1427 David Harrison Salem, OR 

1428 k.j. Eaton Wichita, Kansas 

1429 Jorge De Cecco Ukiah 

1430 JAMES FORD NEWBURY PARK 

1431 mike wilkinson seattle, WA. 

1432 Angeline Chiappa Cupertino 

1433 Preston Chiappa Cupertino 

1434 Kerri Atwood Oakland CA 

1435 Ruth Crump Silver Spring, MD 

1436 Charles Tomberg Foster City, CA 

1437 Nancy Ortiz Newcastle 

1438 Bemardo Ortiz Newcastle, CA 

1439 Colin murfit redwood city 

1440 Sally Fish Albuquerque, NM 

1441 M Kelly Rogers Emerald Hills 

1442 E Chrtstine Schultze Rochester MN 

1443 John hines Spring 

1444 karen king monmouth 

1445 Eva Markiewicz Redwood City 

1446 Whitney Witthaus Campbell 

1447 Bruce Lieberman Garden Grove 

1448 Aaron Haifley Santa Cruz 

1449 steve byars dallas, texas 

1450 Terry Vollmer Maplewood MO 

1451 Pete Nixen Chicago 

1452 Tim Maurice Westerville Ohio 

1453 Liz Cook Somerville, MA 

1454 Lindsey bailey san francisco 

1455 Michael McKay Finksburg 

1456 Eric Brooker Charleston 

1457 Susan Mehrings San Francisco 

1458 Thomas Ouweleen Burbank 

1459 Margaret Wood Naperville 
471 


Insert offset folio 538 here 98942A.440

1460 Max Vo!lmet Port Orford, OR 

1461 Marianne Ginsberg Sunnyvale 

1462 Raymond Arent Severna Park 

1463 Dorothy Sloat Brookings, OR 

1464 p Layton San Diego 

1465 George Cleveland Santa Clara 

1466 Khatera Kakar San Jose 

1467 Adel Gresham Springfield, Oregon 

1468 claire Schneeberger santa cruz 

1469 JAMES FORD NEWBURY PARK 

1470 David Trease Alameda 

1471 Bonnie Stafford Bainbridge Island 

1472 Mary Fieni Claymont 

1473 Paul Flynn Palo Alto 

1474 Rev. Bob Matthews Alameda CA 

1475 Gary Fe!sman San Luis Obispo, CA 

1476 Claire lsselhardt St.louis, MO 

1477 Denee Scribner Ellensburg 

1478 Nicolle nelson santa cruz 

1479 Carol Carson Santa Cruz 

1480 Radha Vignola Santa Cruz 

1481 James Barton Los Gatos 

1482 Cathy Castillo Redwood City 

1483 Jerre Miller Santa Cruz 

1484 Mike Bessler Belfair, Wa 

1485 Frank Watrous Herndon 

1486 Marilynn Smith San Jose 

1487 Greg Tompkins Milwaukee 

1488 Danuta Zaroda Ortnda CA 

1489 Sonia Letant Livermore. 

1490 bill bickert boulder c 

Bozeman, MT; former CA coast 

1491 Dean Littlepage resident 

1492 Frances Ruiz~Wood Ben Lomond 

1493 Matthew Wood Ben Lomond 

1494 James Davis Avalon 

1495 Anne Banks Bozeman, MT 

1496 Martanne Wyllie Ben lomond 

1497 Timothy Gilbert Ben Lomond 

1498 Nolan Scheetz San Cartos 

1499 Ellen Scheetz San Carlos 

1500 Cristina lowe Pleasanton,CA 

1501 William Lowe Lake Forest, ll 

1502 Gabby Lowe Aubum, Alabama 

1503 Dagmar Friedman Kensington 

1504 Shi~ey Smith Longview, TX 

1505 b VOSS aptos 

1506 Rosemarie Kahan Mountain View, CA 

1507 Patrtcia Miller Santa Cruz 

1508 J. Summer Santa Cruz 

1509 Ted George Boulder Creek 

1510 Mindy Nelson San Diego 

1511 Sarah Helduser Malvern 

1512 Karen Mohan Royal Oaks 

15131ynda leigh santa cruz 
472 


Insert offset folio 539 here 98942A.441

1514 Michael Helduser Malvern 

1515 Gabby Helduser Malvern 

1516 Will Helduser Malvern 

1517 Joan Allen Malvern 

1518 Kathy Held user Springfield 

1519 John Helduser Springfield 

1520 Francesca Raphael Watsonville 

1521 Roger Kasa Centerport 

1522 Ravi Garcia Felton 

1523 Dan Smith Watsonville CA 

1524 Shirlee Nickell San Jose 

1525 Cynthia Waldman Tehachapi 

1526 Robert Frost Portland 

1527 Robert More Oldwick 

1528 Roman Watt San Carlos 

1529 Mary Watt San Carlos 

1530 Sasha Retford Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

1531 Jessea Greenman OAKlANDCA 

1532 Zijian Wang MOUNTAIN VIEW 

15331aura dickie watsonville 

1534 Abraham Nachbaur San Francisco 

1535 Charles Alexander Lutherville 

1536 Randall Brown Turlock. CA 

1537 CHRIS DENEAULT APTOS 

1538 Patricia Carr Penn Valley 

1539 Riley Willcox los Altos 

1540 Susan Shockey San Francisco 

1541 Jane Jestice Soquel 

1542 loyal Brooks Minneapffiis 

1543 Bonnie Parks East Brunswick 

1544 Cheryl Kadis Fremont 

1545 Leslie Denend Menlo Park 

1546 Christopher Willcox Truckee 

1547 Don Kenyon Palo Alto 

1548 Robert Hanna Roseville. CA 

1549 Sharon Hillbrant Camarillo 

1550 Fiona Maclean Santa Cruz 

1551 David Boyer Palo Alto 

1552 john curri davis 

1553 Denise Zietlow San Francisco 

1554 jake curri davis 

1555 Stan Koulouris San Bruno , San mateo county 

1556 lou Curri San Francisco 

1557 marilyn williams palo alto 

1558 billy ficklin palo alto 

1559 Michael Kahn los Altos 

1560 Kalen Ackerman Stinson Beach, CA 

1561 Alex Casbara San Jose 

1562 Jon Johnsen Richmond 

1563 Sandy Colombi Novato, CA 

1564 Dimitrios Michailidis SUNNYVALE 

1565 JAMES FORD NEWBURY PARK 

1566 Adltya Pal Palo Alto 

1567 Jude Thomas Macintosh Annandale. VA 
473 


Insert offset folio 540 here 98942A.442

1568 Vicki Geehan Carlsbad, CA 

1569 Nancy Abbey Santa Cruz 

1570 Allan Lindh Santa Cruz 

1571 Marcia Usi Moraga 

1572 Brandon Lang Honolulu 

1573 Sean peck oakland 

1574 Scott Sutton Portland, Or 

1575 Barbara McCutcheon Golden Valley MN 

1576 Ralph Petrucci Fort Lauderdale 

1577Will Hale Roseville 

1578 james lloyd santa cruz 

1579 Lillie Oravetz Sunnyvale 

1580 Sandra Whitedove Santa Cruz 

1581 Janice vmemaire Santa Cruz Mountains 

1582 Ellen Sweeney Boulder Creek 

1583 Kevin Miller Kanab, UT 

1584 George Gigarjian Santa Cruz 

1585 Kendra Payne boulder creek ca 

1586 Don Seaver Oakland 

1587 Jocelyne Houghton Seattle 

1588 John Ales Modesto 

1589 Nicole lsenbarger Charleston 

1590 Sharynn-Marie Blood Susanville 

1591 AI OeReu Chicago 

1592 Kelsey Ramage Santa Cruz 

1593 Rene' Lauer wheaton, ll 

1594 Nicholas Howerton Aptos 

1595 Asa Deane Boulder Creek, California 

1596 Lisa Zaretsky Aptos 

1597 Mark Hoffmann volcano 

1598 Diane Bigler Redwood City 

1599 Michael Bigler Redwood City 

1600 Christopher hansen corralitos, Santa Cruz County 

1601 Jennifer Granado Montebello 

1602 Claudia Gemmer Odenton 

1603 Elizabeth meier san Jose, CA 

1604 Robert Gleaton Aptos 

1605 Frances Gertler Alpine 

1606 Michelle Waters Santa Cruz Mountains 

1607 Ryan Harlow monticello 

1608 Mario Rocha Mountainview, Ca. 

1609 Deborah Freeman San Mateo 

1610 Alex Titus Scotts Valley 

1611 Christy DeWitt Ormond Beach Fl 

1612 teresa Hackett felton 

1613 John wasinski South Bend, IN 

1614 Barbara Mauk Hyampom, CA 

1615 Sherwood Harrington Boulder Creek 

1616 Alice Kennedy Scotts Valley 

1617 Larry Cafiero Felton, Califomia 

1618 Rebecca rubin felton 

1619 Ben Lindsey Boulder Creek 

1620 D. Bourdet Ben lomond 

1621 Cecilia kelly boulfer creek 
474 


Insert offset folio 541 here 98942A.443

1622 Melinda Boland Boulder Creek 

1623 David Ginsberg Sunnyvale 

1624 Darren Thompson Petaluma 

1625 Jordan Robinson Folsom,CA 

1626 Pamela Jacobs Aptos 

1627 Kristi FitzPatrick Felton 

1628 Edward FitzPatrick Ill Felton 

1629 Billy Mclaughlin Los Altos Hills 

1630 Heather Gravlin Boulder creek 

1631 Megan Radford Spokane 

1632 John mallory Former Santa Cruz resident 

1633 Nyla Dimarco Santa Cruz 

1634 Tamara Hamilton Mancos, CO 

1635 Jeffrey Knox Imperial Beach 

1636 Peter Herb New York City 

1637 kathy carney scotts valley 

1638 Christine Clement FELTON 

1639 cliff rawson san jose 

1640 Cynthia Abbott San Jose 

1641 Carolyn Roberts Ben Lomond 

1642 Anne Cawley Santa Crux 

1643 Pamela McClure-roman Emerald hills ca 

1644 marcia naber Ughthouse Point 

1645 Mike Arnold Novato, CA 

1646 Patti McCarron Santa Cruz 

1647 Jeffrey Compton Ben Lomond 

1648 Silke Grimm Palo Alto 

1649 Lucy Arnold NOVATO 

1650 Callie Campbell Felton 

1651 Brian Band BOulder Creek, Ca 

1652 Shari Band BOulder Creek, Ca 

1653 Jane Volk·Brew Palo Alto, CA 

1654 Jeff Arnold Petaluma 

1655 Jennifer Sousae San Francisco 

1656 Steven Krause Boulder Creek CA 

1657 Kermit Cuff Mountain View 

1658 Denise Aldelia Ward Soquel 

1659 Dean Benison Belmont 

1660 Odette Delahanty santa Cruz 

1661 Elizabeth Levy Soquel 

1662 Daniel Daiss Portola Valley 

1663 Les Filler Emerald Hills 

1664 Kay Filler Emerald Hills 

1665 Tracy Tandy San Rafael 

1666 Jonathan Stevens Capitola 

1667 Eric Walker Concord 

1668 Bernardo Tapia Santa Cruz 

1669 Natascha Roy Berlin 

1670 Fred Keeley Santa Cruz 

1671 Gary Steed Boulder Creek 

1672 Thomas Lehrer Santa Cruz, CA 

1673 Earl stutes s!)n Jose 

1674 Dee Lewke Ben Lomond 

1675 Sean Rose Santa Cruz 

1676 Laura Ness Los Gatos/Summit Road 
475 


Insert offset folio 542 here 98942A.444

1677 Philip Madvig Greenbrae, CA 

1678 Greg Richtarek Los Gatos 

1679 Elizabeth Hedge Palo Alto 

1680 Jennifer ball pacifica 

1681 lisa Robinson Boulder Creek 

1682 ELIZABETH WHITNEY FELTON 

1683 Councilmember Richelle Narayan Santa Cruz 

1684 Rich Raffals Palo Alto 

1685 Jennifer Castro San Jose 

1686 Christopher Perreira Hawaii 

1687 Chris White Ben Lomond 

1688 Nancy Kawakita Palo alto 

1689 Terese Curri Davis Ca 

1690 Lauren Katz Boulder Creek 

1691 Donna Cederlund Scotts Valley 

1692 Matthew Kasa San Clemente 

1693 Michael Gould Novato, CA 94947 

1694 Jacob Crabill Stanford 

1695 Thomas Jacobs Oakhurst, Ca 

1696 Connie Jacobs Oakhurst, Ca 

1697 Cindy Jewell Aptos 

1698 Steve Jewell Aptos 

1699 Lew Stansby Dublin, CA 

1700 JAMES FORD NEWBURY PARK 

1701 Lisa Mellberg Palo Alto 

1702 Alexander Luera Ben Lomond 

1703 Tonya Oravetz Sunnyvale 

1704 Stephen Crane San Francisco/Santa Cruz 

1705 Julia Busiek Fairfax 

1706 Adrienne Sharp Prescott, Arizona 

1707 Patricia Tubbs Sunnyvale, CA 

1708 Joy Anderson Monterey 

1709 susan ristow novato 

1710 Vicki Nichols Sausalito 

1711 Scott Mellberg Palo Alto 

1712 Aliena Gerhard Craftsbury Common 

1713 William Gerhard Craftsbury Common 

1714 Reilly Gerhard Craftsbury Common 

1715 Terry Yordan Sunnyvale , CA 

1716 Priscilla Bull Kentfield, CA 

17171 Scott Santa Cruz 

1718 Michael Muetdener Berkeley 

1719 Clark Mcisaac SantaCruz 

1720 Krystel Malimban Santa Clara 

1721 Theresa Fregoso Felton 

1722 Rene Rodriguez San Francisco 

1723 Justin Knowles Hillsborough 

1724 Justin Knowles Hillsborough 

1725 Douglas F Jones Boulder Creek, CA 

1726 Sally Wilson·Rolle Portland, OR 

1727 William Gladden West Chester 

1728 JIM FURLONG SANTACRUZ 

1729 Barbara Kasa Santa Cruz 

1730 Peter Szabo Benicia 

1731 Gavin Wilk Tipperary/Ireland 
476 


Insert offset folio 543 here 98942A.445

1732 Joan ferguson webster NY 

1733 Larry Wendell Santa Cruz 

1734 Elena Capella Santa Cruz 

1735 James Skinner Madison WI 

1736 Thalia Badger San Diego 

1737 Netta Schwarz Davis 

1738 Stella Huang San Jose 

1739 Cheryl Lenz San Jose 

1740 Chlis Correale New Canaan,CT 

17 41 Theresa DelToro Vero Beach, Florida 

1742 Dean Peterson San Mateo County 

1743 Michael Stocker San Rafael, CA 

1744 Betsy ceva nyny 

1745 Peter LaTourrette Los Altos 

1746 Susan Reed Upland 

1747 Emily Correale New York City 

1748 Mark Lord La Selva Beach 

1749 David Polzine Santa Cruz 

1750 lisa heffley Lincoln 

1751 Cara Wilcox Mount Hermon 

1752 Mike Parisi aptos 

1753 Suzanne Gamble San Francisco 

1754 Terri Stober Capitola 

1755 Paula Iverson Capitola 

1756 Alexis Hawks santa cruz 

1757 Aleah Lawrence-pine Ukiah 

1758 Marta DeGiuli Los Altos 

1759 David Thiermann Santa Cruz 

1760 Cindy Edwards Soquel 

1761 Carol McClelland Bay Area 

1762 Bradley Smith warrenpa 

1763 Elizabeth Darrow Jones Claremont 

17641melda Fuentes Santa Clarita 

1765 Luis Fuentes Santa Clarita 

1766 Laulie Eddings Aptos, Ca 

1767 Maggy Frias San Francisco 

1768 Christine Smith Corralitos 

1769 Elin Clopton Scotts Valley 

1770 Percy Abram Seattle 

1771 Marjorie Schulz Menlo Park, CA 

1772 kathy camey scotts valley 

1773 J Lasahn EICerrito 

177 4 Margaret drake Santa Cruz 

1775 Lauren Dockendorf Santa Cruz, CA 

1776 Susan Pryce Santa Cruz CA 

1777 Cynthia Edwards Soquel 

1778 Chantal Hopkins Aptos 

1779 jenny cyr capitola 

1780 Kyrrha sewo Santa Cruz 

1781 Ellen Roeckl Saratoga, CA 

1782 Christopher Roeckl Saratoga, CA 

1783 Adam Roeckl Saratoga, CA 

1784 Erin Roeckl Saratoga, CA 

1785 Charles Tucker San Jose 

1786 Candice Locke Redwood City 
477 


Insert offset folio 544 here 98942A.446

1787 Janet Matsuda Emerald Hills CA 

1788 Colleen Steele Rochester, Mn 

1789 Erin Szabo San Clemente, ca 

1790 William Weisll Hollister 

1791 John Conley Port Townsend 

1792 Gary Reece Santa Cruz 

1793 Shannon Herzberg Aptos 

1794 John Craycraft Santa Cruz 

1795 Dennis Grady Soquel 

1796 Quinn Mclaughlin Santa Cruz 

1797 Drew Todd Albany, CA 

1798 Chaim chester santa Cruz 

1799 Eugenia-alana Mitsanas San Francisco 

1800 Irene Silva Santa Cruz 

1801 Dave Herndon Capitola 

1802 Connor Maxon Watsonville 

Broomfield, CO (fonmerly lived 

1803 Michael Peterson in Santa Cruz Mtns) 

1804 Linda Martin San MateoCA 

1805 George Rogers San Cartes 

1806 Ken Mahar San Mateo 

1807 Ken Mahar San Mateo 

1808 cyndee newick Campbell 

1809 Hilary Hart La Honda 

1810 Freda Salatino Felton 

1811 Jill Coffey Westminster 

1812 Jessica Tall Tahoe City/North Lake Tahoe 

1813 Christopher Tall Tahoe City/North Lake Tahoe 

1814 Shari Mullen Saratoga 

1815 Maile Reinhold Santa Cruz 

1816 Christopher verPlanck San Francisco 

1817 Kenneth Wilcox Sacramento 

1818 Jeff Lawton Santa Cruz 

1819 Patti Lawton Santa Cruz 

1820 Patricia Tall Fayetteville, AR 

1821 Parisa gha dian orange 

1822 Christine Chen Millbrae 

1823 Ryan Watson San Clemente 

1824 Paul Reimer Portola Valley 

1825 Cassidy Strong Simi valley 

1826 Christopher Parsons San Francisco 

1827 Jennifer Kehoe Moorpark, CA 

1828 Carol McCarthy San Jose 

1829 Karen Goldman Centerport 

1830 Brad Herner Lafayette, CO 

1831 Barb stmad kingston 

1832 Dave Krupa Flint 

1833 Jordan mosca greenlawn 

1834 Tia cirksena Ia joiia 

1835 John Peterson Jackson Heights 

1836 Christine Mnchell moorpark 

1837 Kym Teppo San Jose 

1838 Gretchen Smurr Woodland 

1839 Shannon Mas era Apple Valley 

1840 David Kison Campbell, CA 
478 


Insert offset folio 545 here 98942A.447

1841 Tyler Toy San Bruno 

1842 Glorta Szabo Moorpark 

1843 Stephen Linlhwatte Coram 

1844 Jennifer Huergo Washington, DC 

1845 Cathertne Delgado San Diego 

1846 victor wyman santa clara 

1847 Marko radojicic los altos ca 

1848 Marilyn Haithcox San Mateo 

1849 Michael Spinato San Francisco 

1850 Brenda millhollin pinole 

1851 Amber Bushman Santa Cruz 

1852 Patrtcia Shehane Aubum, CA 

1853 Kendall Dinwiddie Palo Alto, CA 

1854 Dianne Neal Cupertino 

1855 Larry Lund Santa Clara 

1856 deb daliege williamsburg, va 

1857 James Yurchenco Palo Alto, CA 

1858 Amy Lauterbach Palo Alto, CA 

1859 Gene Tucker Spokane, WA 

1860 Palrtck Shehane Fremont 

1861 Tim Hintz Concord 

1862 Elizabeth Kennen Pleasant Hilll, CA 

1863 Alexa BrOckl Berlin 

1864 Joy DeVito San Jose 

1865 Hillary Talbot Tahoe City 

1866 A Martin Garland 

1867 Larry Bruguera Palo Alto 

1868 E. A com San Francisco/Philadelphia 

1869 Diana Hall Mountain View 

1870 Martlyn Cossey Half Moon Bay 

1871 Gail Lee san bruno 

1872 Ted Fehlhaber San Anselmo, CA 

1873 matthew schreiber belmontCA 

1874 Erin Chapin Occidental 

187 5 Charmaine Ryan Live Oak Santa Cruz 

1876 Peter Overmire Greenbrae 

1877 Amanda Montez San Jose 

1878 Terese Curri Davis 

1879 Rebecca Everett San Jose 

1880 James Patton Los Altos 

1881 Tamaira Patton Los Altos 

1882 Franoe Reilly San Jose 

1883 Patrtck Reilly Los gatos 

1884 Harriet Harvey-Hom Los Gatos, CA 

1885 James Gibbs Evanston, IL 

1886 Andrea Pruden Hayward 

1887 Elizabeth Fowler Felton 

1888 Odette Delahanty Santa Cruz 

1889 Devin Williams Santa Cruz 

1890 Deja Williams Santa Cruz 

1891 Benjamin Harkema Santa Cruz 

1892 Patrtck Delahanty Santa Cruz 

1893 Glenn Delahanty moss landing 

1894 Holly Delahanty Santa Cruz 

1895 Gertrude James Pioneer 
479 


Insert offset folio 546 here 98942A.448

1896 Erica Lewis Portland 

1897 Kelly Delahanty Sacramento 

1898 Valerie Ceva New York, NY 

1899 Karen Putz East bay 

1900 Mark M Giese Racine, WI 

1901 Anna Viera Fremont. CA 

1902 Gerard Flower Seattle 

1903 Christina Cuevas Santa Cruz County 

1904 Philip Thorson Scotts Valley 

1905 Reed Geisreiter Santa Cruz 

1906 Wendy Dando Los Gatos 

1907 Jeremy Tabke Los Gatos 

1908 Kyra Brandt Capistrano Beach 

1909 Charles Caron Natchitoches 

1910 Jan Russell Aptos 

1911 Kristen Wheeler Portola valley 

1912 Elizabeth gillingham paso robles 

1913 JANET CLARKE ARIZONA 

1914 Jenn Tang Berkeley, CA 

1915 Matt Wyatt Mountain View 

1916 Betsy Youngdahl Los Altos, CA 

1917 Erin Shehane Auburn 

1918 Sean Reilly Santa Clara 

1919 David lyons Santa Clara 

1920 Anthony Camesecca San Jose 

1921 William Loughrin Santa Clara 

1922 Sarah Marble Santa Clara 

1923 Teresa O'Neill Santa Clara 

1924 Andrew Noonan Santa Clara University 

1925 Nita Sridharan Santa Clara, CA 

1926 Alec Kwo Santa Clara 

1927 Blair Libby Santa Clara University 

1928 Jake Lans Santa Clara 

1929 Marianna Moore Santa Clara County 

1930 Virginia Talieh Santa Cruz 

1931 Dave Chisler Boulder creek 

1932 Avery Unterreiner Santa Clara 

1933 Chris Rubin Martinez CA 94553 

1934 Michelle Heathman orinda 

1935 Clifford Bast Scotts Valley, CA 

1936 Gabriela Arredondo Santa Cruz 

1937 William George Santa Cruz 

1938 Erik Rose Salinas 

1939 Abbie Briley Watsonville 

1940 Kimarie Jones Santa Cruz 

1941 brit Charlebois Santa Cruz 

1942 Ali Alaverdi los gatos 

1943 Sharon Sarris Aptos 

1944 John Pres leigh Santa Cruz 

1945jim maggio aptos 

1946 Wayman Shehane AUBURN 

1947 Cooper Scherr St. Francis High School 

1948 Eleri Mahoney Santa Cruz 

1949 Libby Down Monterey city council member 
480 


Insert offset folio 547 here 98942A.449

1950 Janet Shing Salinas 

1951 Wamer Chabot Emeryville 

1952 Pamela Kasa Wells, ME 

1953 Mauro Garcia Scotts Valley, CA 

1954 Alex McCarty San Jose 

1955 Sage Aoki Santa Clara 

1956 Michael Weber Redondo Beach 

1957 Samuel Shaw Santa Cruz 

1958 Lance McNeil Los Angeles 

1959 Sherry Uppiatt San Francisco 

1960 Mike Carter Concord 

1961 Amanda Demarino Los Angeles 

1962 Tabitha Benga Los Angeles 

1963 Wayne Black Santa Cru 

1964 Carl Ceva Easton. Ct 

1965 Susan Bradfield Palo Cedro 

1966 Betsy Ceva Valley Cottage, NY 

1967 Emily Correale New York 

1968 Liz Fowler~marinel!o East Hampton 

1969 Michele Ring Southport, NC 

1970 Christian Haggblom Southport, NC 

1971 Marcia Ring Southport, NC 

1972 Yulahlia Hernandez Rohnert park 

1973 Cindi Ceva Montauk, NY 

197 4 christine Iagana upper saddle river, new jersey 

1975 Susan Brodsky Scotts Valley 

1976 Daniel Brodsky Scotts Valley 

1977 Vanessa Evert Massapequa Park 

1978 Debra Frey Santa Cruz 

1979 Susan L. Levinson Morristown 

1980 e ceva randolph,nj 

1981 toby grabelle tinton falls 

1982 Janice gilliam old Tappan nj 

1983 Liz love Monterey 

1984 David Lundgren Mill Valley 

1985 Kim Bobadilla Davis, ca 

1986 P. J. Hicks Garrison 

1987 James Watson Oak Hills 

1988 Carolyn Rudolph santa cruz 

1989 harriet mitteldorrf Pebble Beach 

1990 Neville Loberg Ben Lomond 

1991 Bryan Arko Cincinnati Ohio 

1992 Catherine Crawford Los Gatos 

1993 Bryant Mairs Santa Cruz 

1994 Yulissa Rodriguez Monterey County 

1995 Fran !riel santa Cruz 

1996 Heigl Jonsson Seaside 

1997 Mary Lou Goeke Santa Cruz 

1998 steve lassoff thousand oaks 

1999 Carol Kielty San Carlos 

2000 Dale Grogan San Jose 

2001 Tanya Diamond Los Gatos 

2002 Paul Burl< Palo Alto 

2003 Markin Whitman Santa Rosa 
481 


Insert offset folio 548 here 98942A.450

2004 Tory Loomis Campbell 

2005 Cindy Abbott Pacifica 

2006 Barbara Dye El Granada, CA 

2007 Morgan Wiley Los Gatos 

2008 Paul Winkler Santa Cruz 

2009 Deanna Seagraves Corralitos 

2010 Peter Detlefs Santa Cruz 

2011 Christina Mowrey Soquel. CA 

2012 Karen Rosenstein Pacifica 

2013 David Brown Santa Cruz 

2014 Kyle Broach Santa Cruz 

2015 Deirdre Scholar Santa Cruz 

2016 Magdalena Bartilsson Bay Area Ridge Riders, LLC 

2017 Darryl Rudolph Santa Cruz 

2018 John Griffith Arcata 

2019 Jose Alcantar Villagran San Jose 

2020 SALLY ARENA LOMPICO 

2021 ALEJANDRO MENDIOLA MEXICO 

2022 Mary Adams Capitola 

2023 Conner Quinto Santa Cruz 

2024 Carol Hagen Felton 

2025 Caren Oix Santa Cruz 

2026 Sandy Lee San Jose 

2027 scott dickie scotts valley 

2028 Nancy Hayes Santa Cruz 

2029 Jesus hernandez napa valley 

2030 Ken Sands Whitmore, CA 

2031 Valerie Haff Felton 

2032 Sean DeBruine Menlo Park 

2033 Georgann Scally Santa Cruz 

2034 bob burke santa cruz 

2035 Kimberly Burke Santa Cruz 

2036 Ruby Love Capitola 

2037 Sue Flint Hilton Head 

2038 David Schwartz Santa Cruz 

2039 John Scally Santa Cruz 

2040 Philips Patton Santa Cruz 

2041 Marilyn guchereau santa cruz 

2042 Jennifer Spincken Bonney lake 

2043 teny tiedeman santa cruz 

2044 Debra lngebretsen Eugene, Oregon 

2045 Joan Ivy Santa Clarita 

2046 Shari Johnson SantaCruz 

2047lj bay tucsob 

2048 Max Winter Santa Cruz 

2049 Chlistopher Wilson Bonny Doon 

2050 Christopher Plechot Binder Aptos 

2051 Melinda Gardiner Hillsdale, NY 

2052 Alice Wilkerson Santa Cruz 

2053 Joe Rubin Santa Cruz 

2054 Theresa Fregoso Fenon 

2055 Rebecca chase-Chen San Francisco 

2056 Rosa Radicchi Santa Cruz 

2057 Joni Renr Santa Cruz 

2058 senka pavisic bogren santa cruz 
482 


Insert offset folio 549 here 98942A.451

2059 Veronica Vasquez Felton 

2060 Darcy Rindt Oakland 

2061 david revel! Santa cruz 

2062 Diane Andrews Santa Clara, CA 

2063 Ariana Katovich Oakland, CA 

2064 marilyn diamond santa clara count 

2065 Kerstin kuebast Santa Cruz 

2066 Amy Himes San Jose 

2067 Valerie Voigt Palo Alto 

2068 Lisa Gregersen Aptos, C 

2069 richard oettinger Santa Cruz 

2070 Dawn Teall Scotts Valley 

2071 Nancy Kalanta Staunton 

2072 Robert Mueller Aptos 

2073 Sean Keenan Santa Cruz 

2074 Teresa Littman Felton 

2075 Stacey quick Camarillo 

2076 Jenya Beachy Ben Lomond 

2077 Michelle Taniguchi Santa Cruz 

2078 CArol Brown Corvallis OR 

2079 Therese Ebert Santa Cruz 

2080 Clyde Lerner Sunnyvale 

2081 Craig Anderson Live Oak 

2082 PETER DRESSEL Santa Cruz 

2083 David Ebert Santa Cruz 

2084 Paul Fleischman Santa Cruz, CA 

2085 Patty Brown Santa Cruz, CA 

2086 Amy Posey San Jose 

2087 John Stern Menlo Park, CA 

2088 Angela Alejandro Scotts Valley 

2089 Heidi Ulrich Half Moon Bay 

2090 Galt Barber Santa Cruz 

2091 Jennifer Boodt Felton 

2092 Gary Boodt Felton 

2093 Gregory Larson New Haven CT 

2094 Donald Sullivan Felton 

2095 marjorie jackson felton~lompico 

2096 Jeannine Ruskin Santa Cruz 

2097 Peter Heath Jorgenson Bradenton 

2098 Steve SINitzer Sunnyvale, CA 

2099 Sequoia Valerie Sky Santa Cruz Mountains 

2100 Kai Mangrum Santa Cruz Mountains 

2101 Forest Chun Santa Cruz Mountains 

2102 Jimi Sky Santa Cruz Mountains 

2103 Pat Carter Santa Cruz 

2104 John Fahey Anacortes, WA 

21 05 jennifer saffo hillsborough 

21 06 Malcolm hobbs Menlo Park 

2107 William Manton Portland 

21 08 Michael Negus Ubatuba 

2109 Virginia Whitehead Santa Maria 

2110 Catherine Chambers San Clemente 

2111 Pat Bellestri-Martinez Las Cruces, NM 

2112 Cathy Clarke Mountain View, CA 

2113 Douglas Oomingo-Foraste Long Beach 
483 


Insert offset folio 550 here 98942A.452

2114 James Long Menlo Park 

2115 Amanda Demarino Los Angeles 

2116 Scott Lohmann Menlo Park 

2117 Gerardo Sandoval Watsonville 

2118 Daniel Wren Los Altos 

2119 Danny Keith Santa Cruz 

2120 gail thompson palo alto, CA 

2121 Bobbi Burns Santa Cruz 

2122 Lee Swearingen Mountain View, CA 

2123 Ravi Mulani San Francisco 

2124 John Pearse Pacific Grove, Monterey Co. 

2125 Marc Bech Kyle 

2126 Ed Colligan Santa Cruz 

2127 Moira Cullen Menlo Park, CA 

2128 Kristin Emmert Corralitos 

2129 Eric Cooper Santa Cruz 

2130 lise Melean San Jose/ Almaden 

2131 Marcel Moran San Francisco, CA 

2132 Libi kavanah Santa Cruz 

2133 Jane Anderson Portola Valley 

2134 Thomas Donohue Santa Cruz 

2135 Suzanne Hughes Tujunga, LA 

2136 Susan Gooch sherbim 

2137 Sagrario castillo Ornelas san mateo 

2138 Elizabeth Brooking San Francisco 

2139 Alexia Moore Sausalito. Ca 

2140 Clay Jones Menlo Park 

2141 Mary Ann Walsh Oakland 

2142 Priya Frlday-Pabros Sunnyvale 

2143 Erin jasinski flemingtin nj 

2144 Jeanine Sauchelli Brick, NJ 

2145 Luke Robert Pacific Grove 

2146 Stacy Stapleton Oakland 

2147 Cassandra Stephens Santa Rosa 

2148 Megan Fletcher San Jose, CA 

2149 Jamie Bonde Brentwood 

2150 Mason Fletcher Brentwood, CA 

2151 Morgan Fletcher Brentwood, CA 

2152 Edith Gomez Brentwood, CA 

2153 Adam Jerugim Santa Cruz, CA 

2154 Adam Jerugim Santa Cruz, CA 

2155 Edith Gomez Brentwood, CA 

2156 Isaac Hernandez Santa Barbara 

2157 Danielle Chaikin Santa Barbara, CA 

2158 Ken Cullings Ventura 

2159 kristina kleczko Ventura 

2160 Richard Black Santa Barbara 

2161 Lisa Riddel Alamo 

2162 Danielle Monroy Santa Barbara, California 

2163 Abby Honikman Santa Barbara 

2164 Francisca Friday-Pabros sunnyvale 

2165 Anna Boch Palo Alto 

2166 Catriona Gay Santa Barbara 

2167 Artine Guerrero Hayward 

2168 James Lyding Walnut Creek, CA 94596 
484 


Insert offset folio 551 here 98942A.453

2169 kennon hamil santa cruz 

2170 Fran Nease Concord 

2171 Martha Adams Toledo, Ohio 

2172 Nancy Black Santa Barbara 

2173 Diane Holcomb los Altos 

2174 Kan Backus Emeryville 

2175 Ashley Mckinnon Ben Lomond 

2176 keith stevens davenport 

2177 meriah haro boulder creek 

2178 Erin Phillips Boulder Creek 

2179 Jesus Valerio Felton 

2180 Douglas Hanks San Francisco 

2181 Julianne Colligan Soquel 

2182 Abe Levy Bonita Springs, FL 

2183 Pat Levy Bonita Springs, FL 

2184 Christine Pavan Boulder Creeek 

2185 Betriz Flores Watsonville 

2186 Betriz Flores Watsonville 

2187 Julia Swain Santa Cruz 

2188 Justin Eatinger Santa Cruz 

2189 Chandra Donohue Santa Cruz 

2190 Virginia Ueb Capitola, CA 

2191 Kristofer Raikes Santa Cruz 

2192 Ann Eatinger Santa Cruz 

2193 Gabriel Frederick santa cruz 

2194 Johanna Jefferies Santa Cruz 

2195 John Tordoff Scotts Valley 

2196 Caroline Koester Felton 

2197 Sarah Brummel Cobb 

2198 June Parvis Santa Cruz 

2199 Robert Borchert Felton 

2200 Anna Oldfield Murrells Inlet 

2201 Hayden Alvemaz Hollister, CA 

2202 Scott Yundt Oakland 

2203 Patricia Costello Santa Cruz 

2204 Jenny Mulholland-Beahrs Berkeley 

2205 scott lipscomb bonny doon, ca 

2206 Daphne Abrams Incline Village 

2207 Barbara Perry Scotts Valley 

2208 Cara Wilcox Mount Hermon/ Felton 

2209 Tingyee Chang Sunnyvale 

2210 Nicki Cuny Sunnyvale 

2211 Kyle Lawrence Sunnyvale 

2212 Iris Querenet Los Altos 

2213 Lisa Kern Plainfield, IN 

2214 Elizabeth Tran Santa Clara 

2215 Elizabeth Tran Santa Clara 

2216 Michael Kawalek Oakland 

2217 Marissa Alvarez Cupertino 

2218 Hila!)' Lai Sunnyvale 

2219 Zola Hayes Sunnyvale 

2220 Cristobal Rodriguez Sunnyvale 

2221 Kaela Cohan Los Altos, CA 

2222 Cyrus Parvereshi Sunnyvale 

2223 Katie Luo Sunnyvale 
485 


Insert offset folio 552 here 98942A.454

2224 Tej Gokhale Sunnyvale 

2225 Larry Bartholomew Felton 

2226 Vinitra Swamy Cupertino, CA 

2227 Noon Tawakol Los Altos, CA 

2228 Roslyn Axtell Sunnyvale 

2229 Rachel Andrews Sunnyvale 

2230 Rachel Andrews Sunnyvale 

2231 Kenneth lin Los Altos 

2232 Sydney Thach Sunnyvale 

2233 Gabriella Mrozowski Los Altos 

2234 Karen Thornton Los Altos 

2235 Ivan chavez sunnycake 

2236 david morris davenport 

2237 Suzie Goodrich Cupertino 

2238 Era Goe! Sunnyvale 

2239 Krupa Malawade Sunnyvale 

2240 Chlistian Agbayani Sunnyvale 

2241 Gayatri Krishnan Sunnyvale 

2242 Amit Pasupathy San Jose 

2243 M L Sunnyvale 

2244 Ken Pick Alexandria virginia 

2245 Trey Grooms Alexandria VA 

2246 Constantin Gehriger Santa Cruz 

2247 Adriana GehrigerGil Santa Cruz 

2248 Kevin Treiber Davis 

2249 Elica Brumbaugh Sunbury Ohio• 

2250 Caleb Jo Sunnyvale 

2251 Monil Patel Los altos 

2252 Yoohyun Choi Sunnyvale 

2253 Cara Nguyen Milpitas 

2254 Janie Hsiao Cupertino, CA 

2255 Kriti Shanna Sunnyvale 

2256 Chau Hua San Jose 

2257 Aaron Deng San Jose 

2258 Eleni Reynolds Sunnyvale 

2259 Abby Duerr sunnyvale 

2260 Robin Lindsley Santa Cruz 

2261 Daniel Begin Santa Cruz 

2262 Molly Hitchings San Leandro 

2263 Mina Loldj Sunnyvale 

2264 Momoko Ueda Cupertino 

2265 Annette Phan Sunnyvale 

2266 Alex Sake liar cupertino 

2267 Abhinav Balaji Cupertino 

2268 Natalie The Cupertino 

2269 Kevin Shang Cupertino 

2270 Lee Liang Cupertino 

2271 Jonathan Hsu Cupertino 

2272 Mark Geha Cupertino 

2273 Musashi Sunako Cupertino 

2274 Victor Chen Cupertino 

2275 Victor Chen Cupertino 

2276 Vishal Kathardekar Cupertino 

2277 Ron Talmor Cupertino 

2278 Austin wu Cupertino 
486 


Insert offset folio 553 here 98942A.455

2279 Rohan Mathur Cupertino 

2280 Jay Lee Cupertino 

2281 Pranav Kumar Cupertino 

2282 Jake Bomstein Cupertino 

2283 Jake Bomstein Cupertino 

2284 Carol Lei Cupertino 

2285 Julie Chen Cupertino 

2286 Eileen Hsu Sunnyvale 

2287 Hari Ganesh Cupertino 

2288 justin lin cupertino 

2289 Michelle Durst Soquel 

2290 jay balusu Cupertino 

2291 sayi boddu cupertino 

2292 mark gorelik cupertino 

2293 fuck buddy sunnyvale 

2294 jeremy jacob cupertino 

2295 Jaya Kumari Cupertino 

2296 Leigh Durst santa cruz 

2297 Alina Abidi Cupertino 

2298 Laura Teksler Los Altos 

2299 Peter Enescu Cupertino 

2300 Karin Locke Pacific Grove 

2301 Tonya Johnson Aromas, CA 

2302 Shivani Ghate Sunnyvale 

2303 Tim Chau Palo Alto 

2304 Melody O'Brien Aromas 

2305 Priscilla Law Cupertino 

2306 Swapnil Patil Cupertino 

2307 Benjamin Chan Sunnyvale 

2308 Mikey Sakellar cupertino 

2309 Robert sakellar cupertino 

2310 Robert sakeHar cupertino 

2311 Cynthia Sake!lar Cupertino 

2312 Cynthia Sake!lar Cupertino 

2313 Arnav Malviya Cupertino 

2314 Ananya Gollapudi San Jkse 

2315 Ananya Gollapudi San Jose 

2316 Stephanie Tran San Jose 

2317 adriana perez cupertino 

2318 Regis McCann santa cruz 95060 

2319 brian natov davis, ca 

2320 Jocelyn Su San Jose/Berryessa 

2321 Kristen Koeller Aptos 

2322 Mackenzie Hart Sunnyvale 

2323 Donna Saffren santa cruz 

2324 Julie Shattuck Santa Cruz 

2325 Jose Salinas Sunnyvale 

2326 Allegra Ziegler Hunts Cupertino 

2327 Jeremy Lezin Santa Cruz 

2328 Morgan Brzescinski Sunnyvale 

2329 Eric Crouch Cupertino 

2330 Emily Smith Santa Cruz 

2331 ariane tsai Cupertino 

2332 Nare Mikayelyab Cupertino 

2333 eric wang cupertino 
487 


Insert offset folio 554 here 98942A.456

2334 Carol Lei Cupertino 

2335 Tommy Alexander San Jose 

2336 Vicki Alexander San jose 

2337 Andrew Creely Santa Cruz 

2338 Chelsea Santiago Kings Beach 

2339 Tina Reza Scotts Valley 

2340 ayy I mao memevtlle 

2341 Madison Howell Avon 

2342 Alyssa Bates Avon 

2343 Megan Beresky Avon 

2344 Alyssa Bates Avon 

2345 Bethany Bourne Plainfield 

2346 Madison Mehringer Avon 

2347 Frankie Auriemma Avon 

2348 Alissa Lustgarten Avon 

2349 Mark Junod Aptos 

2350 Lauren Elliott Avon Indiana 

2351 Lindsay SWoboda Columbia, Missouri 

2352 Madison Forbing Avon 

2353 Celena Langlois Avon 

2354 Nishma Chakraborty Avon, Indiana 

2355 Samantha Sheahan avon 

2356 Nicole Garcia Indianapolis 

2357 Caleb Thomson Avon, IN 

2358 Jay Sang ani Avon 

2359 Ankit Dua Cupertino 

2360 duncan levy Cupertino 

2361 pranav !yer Cupertino 

2362 katherine williams monterey 

2363 David Cabrera Monterey 

2364 Sharon howell avon, indiana 

2365 Ethan Thomson avon 

2366 Walter Garcia Indianapolis 

2367 Gina vargas Watsonville 

2368 corina hemandez Watsonville 

2369 citlallin buelna santa cruz 

2370 Lisa Diaz Scott's valley 

2371 Kyle Bates Avon 

2372 Ryan Michael Indianapolis 

2373 Ronak Bosamia avon 

2374 Anuj Mahajan Cupertino 

2375 andy Tu cupertin 

2376 Nachiket Subbaraman Cupertino 

2377 Ameya pandit cupertino 

2378 Avi Jain Cupertino 

2379 Joyce Li Cupetino 

2380 Namita Sherlekar Cupertino 

2381 Cameron Yu Cupertino 

2382 youngmin Son cupertino 

2383 Tiffany Yu Cupertino 

2384 Amanda Lam Cupertino 

2385Will Shih Cupertino 

2386 Marcus liou Cupertino 

2387 priscilla phua Cupertino 

2388 Steve Chessin Mountain View 
488 


Insert offset folio 555 here 98942A.457

2389 Christine sauro santa cruz 

2390 Anna Raner Tujunga 

2391 shaian mohammadi San jose 

2392 Joshua sarousse San jose 

2393 Ellen Kamel Mountain View 

2394 Lisa Heeg San Jose 

2395 Brishen Heeg San Jose 

2396 Raul Peralez San Jose 

2397 Abby Longcor Mountain View 

2398 Abby Longcor Mountain View 

2399 Kendra Payne Boulder Creek 

2400 Michael Barney Santa Cruz 

2401 Robert Lyons Watsonville 

2402 Kart Konnerth Redwood City 

2403 Kerry Kriger Berkeley, CA 

2404 Teresa Gonsoski Woodside, CA 

2405 Lori Uu Brisbane 

2406 juan quinones Santa clara 

2407 ruby nevarez Santa clara 

2408 karla garcia orange county 

2409 Andrew Lewis Los angeles 

2410 Laura Lee Santa Cruz 

2411 Pamela North Santa Cruz 

2412 Chandler Inman Avon, IN 

2413 belinda clements felton 

2414 Julia Lu San Jose 

2415 Sarah Cai Cupertino 

2416 Ktrtana Sripathi Cupertino 

2417 Pallavi Sripathi Cupertino 

2418 Tejal Deshpande Cupertino 

2419 Rei Takahashi Cupertino 

2420 Anne Zhang Cupertino 

2421 Jasmine Mathias Cupertino 

2422 Kalpana Gopalkrishnan Cupertino 

2423 Neel Chaudhari Cupertino 

2424 Neelufar Raja Cupertino 

2425 Nee!ufar Raja Cupertino 

2426 Madhu Govindaraju Cupertino 

2427 ltay Barylka Cupertino 

2428 Roy Tsui Cupertino, CA 

2429 Linda Xi a Cupertino 

2430 Johanna Karras Cupertino 

2431 Karan Sharma Cupertino 

2432 Karen Tu Cupertino 

2433 Daniel Vyshetsky Cupertino 

2434 Shreya Thiagarajan Cupertino 

2435 Sierra Rodrigues Cupertino 

2436 Sameer Kapur Saratoga 

2437 Rachel Zhou Cupertino 

2438 Erica Schaefer San Jose 

2439 Emily Stamper Avon 

2440 Priya Shields Avon 

2441 William Cheek Cupertino 

2442 Michael Scharfenstein San Francisco 

2443 Sabrina Tsui Cupertino 
489 


Insert offset folio 556 here 98942A.458

2444 Preetham GuHula Cupertino 

2445 monica polgar cupertino 

2446 Keerat Singh Cupertino 

2447 Matthew Brashears Cupertino 

2448 Valone Tjong Cupertino 

2449 Caitlyn Tjong Cupertino 

2450 Angela Tjong Cupertino 

2451 Rusli Tjong Cupertino 

2452 Mahita Tatavarthy Cupertino 

2453 Heather Woods Redwood City 

2454 Mike Woods Redwood City 

2455 Janae Zhang Cupertino 

2456 Lindsay Winner Santa Cruz 

2457 Jesse Sawyer Cupertino 

2458 Andi Pappas Cupertino 

Cupertino/ Manta Vista High 

2459 Seulki Han School 

2460 Bryan chi au San Jose 

2461 Divya Ram ani Cupertino 

2462 Calyse Tobias ucsc 

2463 Karolina Kalita Chicago 

2464 Hayley Mapes Santa Cruz 

2465 Casey Chien mountain view 

2466 Maxwell Shukuya Sacramento 

2467 Kevin Chen San Francisco 

2468 Jenn Banko Irvine 

2469 Eimy Castellanos Garden Grove 

2470 Nidhin Madhu Cupertino 

2471 Cristina Matveev Sacramento 

2472 Jessica Chung South Pasadena 

2473 Amanda Englisj Ventura 

2474 Anna nguyen elk grove 

2475 Kayla Adams Cupertino 

2476 Anika Ullah Cupertino 

2477 Rachel chi au cupertino 

2478 Madeleine Kibbey Virginia Beach 

2479 Kailey Gullickson Milwaukee 

2480 Brianna DeWeese Avon 

2481 Sherina Malkani Cupertino 

2482 Gretel Palmerin Ukiah, CA 

2483 Jillian MacFarlane Santa Cruz 

2484 Nadia Haugen Rohnert Park 

2485 Ankita Mitra Cupertino 

2486 Neehar Kondapaneni Cupertino 

2487 Dane Hennessey Santa Cruz 

2488 Joel Gartland Palo Alto 

2489 Alex Lee Cupertino 

2490 Dara Woo Cupertino 

2491 Rachael Mathew Saratoga 

2492 Golan gingold cupertino 

2493 emily Ieung Cupertino 

2494 Melissa Lim Cupertino 

2495 Grace Moon Cupertino 

2496 Nathan Leung Cupertino 

2497 Nathan Leung Cupertino 
490 


Insert offset folio 557 here 98942A.459

2498 Karen Bamnolker Cupertino 

2499 Bar Yosef Cupertino 

2500 Billy Bob Decver 

2501 pamela cupertino 

2502 Jacob Bomstein Cupertino 

2503 Elianna Ku Cupertino 

2504 Giselle Galicia Sunnyvale 

2505 Angelika Ingham Santa Rosa, CA 

2506 Kaley makino grosse pointe, Michigan 

2507 Nina Mokhber SUnnyvale 

2508 Shuheng Niu Cupertino 

2509 Julian Canjura Los Angeles 

2510 Akshay Rama Cupertino 

2511 Courtney Baldwin San Jose 

2512 Kelly Chen Cupertino 

2513 Jemma Serre Cupertino 

2514 Robert Frischmuth Pacific Grove 

2515 samantha bayless Sonoma 

2516 Nolan Thomson Avon, IN 

2517 Whttney Iieberman sunnyvale 

2518 lshaan Shah Cupertino 

2519 Wen Tsui Cupertino 

2520 Nidhi Chandra Cupertino 

2521 Vaibhav Shah Fullerton 

2522 Neeketh Sheth Chino 

2523 Grant Murthi Fullerton 

2524 Bruce Zhang San Jose 

2525 Nighat Ullah Cupertino 

2526 Andy Ullah CUpertino 

2527 Neal Shah La Jolla 

2528 Nupoor Gandhi Cupertino 

2529 Sequoya Daniels Berkeley 

2530 Victor Goswami Foster City 

2531 Sequoya Daniels Berkeley 

2532 Casey Bisted Sunnyvale 

2533 Emily Zhou Sunnyvale 

2534 Lenin Ballesteros Imperial Beach 

2535 Nina Biondi Cupertino 

2536 Sreya Dhanam Cupertino 

2537 Nathan Hui Cupertino 

2538 Alia Johnson Cupertino 

2539 Neha Mylvaganan Cupertino 

2540 Viswesh Uppelapeti Cupertino 

2541 Pooja Dandekar Cupertino 

2542 Linnea Cheek Cupertino 

2543 Kushagra Kumar Cupertino 

2544 Seko u Cupertino 

2545 Marie Venzon Cupertino 

2546 Neha Vardhinedi Cupertino 

2547 Isabel Ruiz Cupertino 

2548 Rupall Sujan Cupertino 

2549 Marie Venzon Cupertino 

2550 Robin Dinino Santa Cruz 

2551 Julianna Xie Cupertino 

2552 Osher Fein Cupertino 
491 


Insert offset folio 558 here 98942A.460

2553 Ahmad Ali-ahmad Cupertino 

2554 Riyana Patel Cupertino 

2555 Vishal Kathardekar Cupertino 

2556 Julia Sinsay San Diego 

2557 Mikey Sakellar Cupertino 

2558 Phillip Hocker Cupertino 

2559 Dharshanvarun Muthukumaran Cupertino 

2560 Kaleb Chung Cupertino 

2561 Joshua Chung Cupertino 

2562 Ryan Hirai Cupertino 

2563 Rebecca N Cupertino 

2564 Anahit Falak Cupertino 

2565 Kushagra Kumar Cupertino 

2566 Christian Vu San Jose 

2567 early Jones San Jose 

2568 Djef Brak Cupertino 

2569 Victoria Peyser Cupertino 

2570 Chris Cheng CUPERTINO 

2571 Eric Kim Cupertino 

2572 Alicia Pennypacker Sunnyvale 

2573 John paul Chaufsnfleld Santa cruz 

2574 Oshin Joshi Cupertino 

2575 Janie Hsiao Cupertino 

2576 Samantha Bowinkle Cupertino 

2577 Hailee Huber Cupertino 

2578 Abilene Valadez Coachella 

2579 Phillip Hocker Cupertino 

2580 Isabel Ling Cupertino 

2581 Dewey Yu San jose 

2582 madeline hogan San Jose 

2583 tiffany moon san jose 

2584 Frenda Fung Saratoga 

2585 mukta Marathe Cupertino 

2586 Ruchi Shah Cupertino 

2587 kritika Shanna cupertino 

2588 Kyrstin Hofstetter Santa Cruz 

2589 Jennifer Pazirandeh Saratoga 

2590 Rachel Tham Cupertino 

2591 Daria Syskine Cupertino 

2592 Raisa Rubab San Jose 

2593 Sue McCloud Carmel-by-the-Sea 

2594 Mallory Strom Cupertino 

2595 Martha Sakellar San Jose 

2596 ken sakellar San jose 

2597 ginny sakellar sunnyvale 

2598 victor sakellar Los gatos 

2599 carol sakellar San jose 

2600 natasha sakellar San jose 

2601 daniel sakellar San jose 

2602 bob whitehead San jose 

2603 A. London Santa Cruz 

2604 Michael Cohen Santa Cruz 

2605 Vedant Sathye Cupertino 

2606 Kristy Maanavi saratoga 

2607 Jeanne Earley Laurel 
492 


Insert offset folio 559 here 98942A.461

2608 Caleb Aring Portland 

2609 Madhurima Suribhatla Cupertino 

2610 Harsha Suribhatla Cupertino 

2611 Neeraja Suribhatla Cupertino 

2612 Srinivas Suribhatla Cupertino 

2613 Arjun Subramanian Cupertino 

2614 Sarah Chekfa Cupertino 

2615 Saagar Jha Cupertino 

2616 Sierrah Hoover San Jose 

2617 Adya Verma Cupertino 

2618 Katie Pappas San jose 

2619 Madison O'Carroll San Jose 

2620 Felicity Dei Rossi Campbell, Ca 

2621 Michael Sandier Cupertino 

2622 Daphne Roe Santa Cruz 

2623 Vedant Sathye Cupertino 

2624 Caitlin Deck Santa Cruz 

2625 Erik Eriksen Santa Cruz 

2626 Russell Hofvendahl Ben lomond 

2627 mae boaz san jose, ca 

2628 Zachary Davis Santa Cruz 

2629 Gordon Beebe Santa Rosa 

2630 Ken Goldstein Los Gatos 

2631 Sameer Thombre Cupertino 

2632 Roshini Pal Cupertino 

2633 Sophia Alejandre Santa Cruz 

2634 Apoorva Paranthaman Cupertino 

2635 Sreelatha Kandala Cupertino 

2636 Maddie Stein Ben Lomond 

2637 Marie Brayman Santa Cruz/Seabright 

2638 Amanda Cohen Santa Cruz, CA 

2639 Eric Thorne Santa Cruz 

2640 Kalla Gibson Soquel 

Cupertino/Menta Vista High 

2641 Kavya Aswadhati School 

2642 Mary Keil SoquelCA 

2643 Dean Ashworth San Jose 

2644 Amy Ashworth San Jose 

2645 misty hong palo alto 

2646 kenny chui palo alto 

26471indsay maggioncalda cupertino 

2648 Craig Zercher Santa Clara 

2649 sarah jennie palo alto 

2650 avery smith mountain view 

2651 Gary Yee San Jose 

2652 Katie Bahou San Jose 

2653 Samer Bahou San Jose 

2654 Jane Bahou San Jose 

2655 mary keller mountain view 

2656 Nelda Clark Sunnyvale 

2657 Blake Axtell Palo Alto 

2658 Kristen Clark Sunnyvale 

2659 Toph Beach San Jose 

2660 Jamie Wood Gilroy 

2661 Suzanne Wood Gilroy 
493 


Insert offset folio 560 here 98942A.462

2662 Jon Bartusiak San Jose 

2663 Cherisse Bartusiak San Jose 

2664 Keith Walter-Cummings Los Altos 

2665 Marc Bauman San Jose 

2666 Debbie Bauman San Jose 

2667 Lori Vogel Redwood City 

2668 megan palmer palo alto 

2669 Elizabeth Cheng Cupertino 

2670 Lucille Bellomy Los Gatos 

2671 Tim Cleary Santa Cruz 

2672 jennie !iu palo alto 

2673 James varsamis San Jose 

2674 Cathy Varsamis San Jose 

2675 paul shen-lowitz menlo park 

2676 Steven Terpe San Jose 

2677 Mengmeng Niu San Jose 

2678 ronnie west menlo atherton 

2679 Jeff Coffin Los Gatos 

2680 joesph hart mountain view 

2681 Erin Coffin Los Gatos 

2682 Pateicia Coffin Campbell 

2683 Tyler Coffin San Jose 

2684 olga ed palo alto 

2685 Gina Coffin San Jose 

2686 rose bush palo alto 

2687 Rob Stevenson San Jose 

2688 craig kennison saratoga 

2689 Valarie Stevenson San Jose 

2690 anya miller palo alto 

2691 jackson tombretta mountain view 

2692 Greg Szymczak San Jose 

2693 sailor kingston mountain view 

2694 Val Craig~Murray Capitola 

2695 Darcy Craig San Jose 

2696 Mori Craig San Jose 

2697 raina jay Palo Alto 

2698 Deacon Pounessa Mountain View 

2699 Tamara Northway San Carlos 

2700 Inigo Lassi Sunnyvale 

2701 Kristen Houp Los Gatos 

2702 Nia Crenner Mountain View 

2703 Reema McGee San Jose 

2704 Dakota Standee Saratoga 

2705 AI Migger palo atto 

2706 Alex Gil Palo Alto 

2707 Tom Spyrou Sunnyvale 

2708 Cameron Lewan Mountain View 

2709 Yalanda Spyrou Sunnyvale 

2710 jason renn mountain view 

2711 wMney woof mountain view 

2712 Zack Mak santa monica 

2713 Dewone Demi Mountain view 

2714 nellie jemesca Palo Alto 

2715 roni yonata palo alto 

2716 elvin coma mountain view 
494 


Insert offset folio 561 here 98942A.463

2717 Jessica Escanova MontaVista 

2718 Kevin Pennel Mountain View 

2719 Sydney Pangona palo alto 

2720 westley joseph mountain view 

2721 Kinley Wu palo atto 

2722 dillon chen palo alto 

2723 ian ramer palo alto 

2724 Riya Chittania Cupertino 

2725 Ashmitha Ugwaldi Palo Alto 

2726 Casey Bums palo alto 

2727 Mason Poli Palo Alto 

2728 Sig shen mountain view 

2729 derik chu-lee palo alto 

2730 kunal sagath mountain view 

2731 Nicole Phan Cupertino 

2732 Sreenivasa Viswanadha Cupertino 

2733 Peter Putt Santa Cruz 

2734 Trudi James Ben Lomond 

2735 Steffany Cardinalli Aptos 

2736 Lacy Half Santa Cruz, CA 

2737 Carla Brennan Ben Lomond 

2738 Earl Crawford IV Morgan Hill 

2739 Ryan Carle Soquel 

27 40 Darshan Sangani Avon Indiana 

2741 Premit Patel Indianapolis 

2742 Neel Sangani Avon 

2743 Darshan Sangani Avon, Indiana 

2744 Kelly Blaze andersen Boulder creek 

2745 Micky Andersen Boulder creek 

2746 Deepak Sherlekar Cupertino 

2747 Aimee Gillette Boulder Creek, CA 

2748 Katie Lamb Felton 

27 49 Catherine Lomonosoff Ben lomond 

2750 Barbara Christie Ben lomond 

2751 Dion Shattuck Santa Cruz 

2752 Brian Lockwood Santa Cruz 

2753 Rose Lockwood Santa Cruz 

2754 Lillian Lockwood Santa Cruz 

2755 Eleanor Lockwood Santa Cruz 

2756 Heather Geddes Watsonville 

2757 Georgann Meadows Alexandria, Virginia 

2758 Sara Blakeslee Santa Cruz 

2759 Craig Polson Groveland, CA 

2760 Michael Barney Santa Cruz 

2761 Sharifa Crandall Santa Cruz 

2762 Adrienne Martin Indianapolis 

2763 Maximilian Perry San Francisco, CA 

2764 sandra Hm ben lomond 

2765 Kevin Goebel san Francisco 

2766 Charles Loosen Austin, Texas 

2767 Leyla Mundy Chico 

2768 Marisa Sympson San Francisco 

2769 olivia hu~ey santa cruz 

2770 adrienne Devillires santa cruz, CA 

2771 tyrome biggins idk 
495 


Insert offset folio 562 here 98942A.464

2772 jack gifford santa cruz 

2773 jack gifford santa cruz 

2774 zora kreisher santa cruz california 

2775 Luna Roque Santa Cruz 

2776 Maria Mendez Santa Cruz 

2777 Wylie Buzzard Santa Cruz 

2778 yazmin rodriguez santa cruz 

2779 noemi vanessa becerra niunez santa cruz 

2780 noemi vanessa becerra niunez santa cruz 

2781 nathan lapp santa cruz 

2782 Lechelle Drumming Santa Cruz 

2783 isaac chavez Santa Cruz 

2784 Jazzy Reyes Santa Cruz 

2785 maria quack Concord 

2786 maria quackalicious Concord 

2787 morgan guerra santa cruz 

2788 nasim mekkoudi santa cruz 

2789 samuel guerra santa cruz 

2790 Kaysha Halfield Santa Cruz 

2791 Allison Castro Santa Cruz 

2792 Allison Castro Santa Cruz 

2793 Fat Amy New York City 

2794 Poop Bob San Francisco 

2795 Aidan SantaCruz SantaCruz 

2796 anairda Cruz Mendez Santa Cruz 

2797 alexander carrizales morales santa cruz 

2798 Andrea Hernandez Santa Cruz 

2799 Robert Jordan Menlo Park 

2800 skye harrop santa cruz 

2801 renee parker santa cruz 

2802 renee parker santa cruz 

2803 Ayana Hunt Santa Cruz 

2804 Christopher Arreola California 

2805 eduardo sanchez santa cruz 

2806 eduardo sanchez santa cruz 

2807 jose sanchez santa cruz 

2808 yessenia guerrero santa cruz 

2809 jaqueline morales santa cruz 

2810 Alexa Martin Santa Cruz 

2811 jade harris santa cruz ca 

2812 Sheila Thares-Callaway Los Gatos 

2813 Michael Beetham Oakland, CA 

2814 Miles Hash Ben lomond 

2815 Chase Hash Ben lomond 

2816 Kyla Kiss Boulder Creek 

2817 Shelby Kiss¥eller Boulder Creek 

2818 mark anderson santa cruz 

2819 angie thomson avon, IN 

2820 Christopher Zeman Soquel 

2821 Jillian Zeman Santa Cruz 

2822 Marcus Mendiola San Juan Bautista 

2823 Alissa Lund Aptos 

2824 Christina Pan Cupertino 

2825 Christian OeKonlnk Santa Cruz 

2826 Lily Rose Rubio Santa Cruz 
496 


Insert offset folio 563 here 98942A.465

2827 Christian Rubio Santa Cruz 

2828 Timothy Sandrtk Ben Lomond, CA 

2829 Gillisann Harootunian Fresno 

2830 William Meller Ben Lomond 

2831 Desiree Dei Rossi Campbell, CA 

2832 Lorilei Angle Aptos 

Santa Cruz (currently studying 

2833 Rachel Leuthold abroad) 

2834 Ruben Torres Santa Cruz 

2835 Anne Beggs Watsonville 

2836 Russell Beggs Watsonville 

2837 Gregory Heichel Capitola 

2838 Theresa Lawhead SsanJose 

2839 Efren Chen Fremont, CA 

2840 Sherman Chen Fremont, CA 

2841 Matthew Shipkey West Milford 

2842 Kevin Barnett San Jose 

2843 Pati Rouzer Palo Alto 

2844 Frank Shaver Aptos, CA 

2845 Michael Monroe Gilroy 

2846 Sally Smith-Weymouth Santa Cruz 

2847 Mary Gowins Oakland, CA 

2848 John Jr. Boulder Creek 

2849 Heather Murphy-Lavoie New Orteans,LA 

2850 Linda Milgate Santa Cruz 

2851 Melina Meissner Bay Area 

2852 Christine Braccini Scotts Valley 

2853 Donna Carr, M.D. Encinitas 

2854 Robert Ark a Bonny Doon 

2855 Michael Cohen Santa Cruz 

2856 Dave Krupa Flint 

2857 Ombodhi StJohn Santa Cruz 

2858 Terresa Lauer Scotts Valley, CA 

2859 Kaye Coleman Monterey, CA 

2860 Eric Finley Boulder Creek 

2861 Christopher Edmonds Boulder Creek 

2862 Loyal Brooks Minneapolis 

2863 Gillisann Harootunian Fresno, CA 

2864 Dilara Esengil Santa Cruz 

2865 Harry and Jill Brownfield Newport, PA 

2866 Richard Vassar Los Altos, CA 

2867 Janet Vassar Los Altos, CA 

2868 Victoria Smith San Jose 

2869 Victoria Smith San Jose 

2870 David Boyer Palo Alto 

2871 Yan Zhou Cupertino 

2872 James Pan Cupertino 

2873 Lawremce Pan Cupertino 

2874 Ken Laurent Aptos, ca 

2875 Danielle Sandstedt Durango 

2876 Carol Carson Santa Cruz 

2877 Carol Carson Santa Cruz 

2878 P Michael Schmale NovatoCA 

2879 Bill Fernald Mount Hermon. CA 

2880 George Ow Santa Cruz 
497 


Insert offset folio 564 here 98942A.466

2881 David Harnish Santa Cruz 

2882 Orenda Randuch Scotts Valley 

2883 Mila Randuch Scotts Valley 

2884 Logan Randuch Scotts Valley 

2885 Amanda Demarino Valencia 

2886 Daniel Clifford Alpine, California 

2887 Cheryl Wegner Ramona 

2888 Ben Hall Earth 

2889 Patrick Clark San Francisco 

2890 Jerre Miller Willow Springs, MO 

2891 Judith Clifford Alpine 

2892 Mike McCutcheon WalntJt Crek 

2893 Paula Clifford Rancho Bernardo 

2894 lzza Khan Sanjoae 

2895 Kenneth Ruth Bonny Doon 

2896 Julia Brownstein Santa Cruz 

2897 Felicia Vengco newark 

2898 Kevin Jordan Aptos, CA 

2899 James Nolan Elk Grove. Ca 95624 

2900 Kelly Wallace Marina 

2901 Brittany Navratil henderson 

2902 Emma Rasmussen Santa Cruz 

2903 Kacie Young Sacramento 

2904 Cassi Navratil Henderson 

2905 Anna Con len Santa Cruz 

2906 Trevor Benites Santa Cruz 

2907 Daniel Brumbaugh Santa Cruz 

2908 Mary Turnipseed Oakland 

2909 Melissa Coleman Santa Cruz County 

2910 Rena Nayyar Davis 

2911 Greg Cotten Santa Cruz 

2912 Francisco Perez Oxnard 

2913 melinda costello san francisco 

2914 Zoe Williams Santa Cruz 

2915 Aaron Williams Santa Cruz 

2916 Alexis Williams Santa cruz 

2917 Zander Williams Santa Cruz 

2918 Rhonda Schlosser Santa Cruz 

2919 David Giannini Santa Cruz, ca 

2920 Michelle Lee Scotts Valley 

2921 Ron Olson Santa Cruz 

2922 lisa beaudreau santa cruz ca 

2923 Susan Rosenthal Santa Cruz 

2924 Lynville Lee Scott's Valley 

2925 Lynville Lee Scott's Valley 

2926 Karol Dondero Felton 

2927 Kim Curiel Lafayette 

2928 Sienna Kennedy Santa Cruz 

2929 Hal Arbit Sonoma 

2930 Carrie Kramlich Sonoma 

2931 Claire Harootunian San Diego 

2932 Dylan Harootunian Fresno 

2933 Zachary Kems Santa Cruz 

2934 Stephen Stires Aptos 

2935 Sarah Hendry Santa Cruz 
498 


Insert offset folio 565 here 98942A.467

2936 Lucia Magana San Jose 

2937 Rebecca Loux Santa Cruz 

2938 Peggy Seitzler Monterey 

2939 Jori Leslie Santa Cruz 

2940 Douglas Andrev.rs Scotts Valley 

2941 Anna Gazo Gonzales 

2942 lisa wegener santa cruz 

2943 Constance Rose Monterey 

2944 Joshua Morris Monterey, CA 

2945 Sarah Jordan Santa Cruz 

2946 matthew jordan SANTACRUZ 

2947 Maryann Gustafson LOS GATOS 

2948 Sue Noe Brentwood 

2949 Sharon Bell Los Gatos 

2950 Katrina Rozelle Watsonvil!e/Ca 

2951 Amanda Dauphinee San Francisco 

2952 Stephen Homan Bonny Doon 

2953 Jessica Klodnicki Santa Cruz, CA 

2954 Leslie Muse Brentwood 

2955 Debby Albright Monterey 

2956 John Morgan Highlands Ranch, CO 

2957 Nancy Black Santa Barbara 

2958 Stephen Homan Bonny Doon 

2959 Abe Levy Bonita Springs FL 34134-6916 

2960 Jeremy Lin Capitola 

2961 Terry Vollmer Maplewood MO 

2962 Simon Templeman Santa Monica 

2963 Jeremiah Anderson Castro Valley 

2964 John Hines Spring 

2965 JohnS. Gravell Pleeasant Hill, CA 

2966 Leslie Marsden burtingame, ca 

2967 Lisa Gregersen Aptos 

2968 JOHN BEVIACQUA SAN BRUNO 

2969 Denise Martini Las Vegas, NV 

2970 Bonnie Stoehn Santa Cruz 

2971 Robert Lamar Santa Cruz 

2972 Earl Stutes San Jose 

2973 

2974 cathy carroll Alameda County 

2975 Kenneth Mahar San Mateo 

2976 John Griffiths Beaverton 

2977 Julie Lovins Mountain View 

2978 Ramona Loynd Riverside 

2979 Natalia Zufferey Riverside 

2980 Jeff Baker Watsonville 

2981 Biz defran santa cruz 

2982 Anita Sierke Woodside 

2983 John B Pearce Sr SeattleWA 

2984 Corinne Marston Santa Cruz 

2985 justin kania greenville 

2986 Robert Fox San Bruno, CA 

2987 William Moore Ellicott City, Md 

2988 Zachary Warder-Gabaldon San Francisco 

2989 Joy DeVito San Jose 
499 


Insert offset folio 566 here 98942A.468

2990 Georgi Kott Aptos/ Santa Cruz 

2991 Catheryn BeVier Santa Cruz 

2992 Harry and Jill Brownfield Newport 

2993 Brad Taylor Santa Cruz 

2994 Fabian Gauthier Watsonville 

2995 Phillip Rupp Capitola 

2996 Brianna Ady Oakland 

2997 Diana Grimm Bonny Doon 

2998 Nelia Lyda Scotts Valley 

2999 Glenn Matherty Soquel 

3000 tracy gardner ogden utah 

3001 Cathie Royer Santa Cruz 

3002 Steven Griffing Columbus 

3003 Rachel Edwards Marina 

3004 Bonnie Bedzin BonnyDoon 

3005 Janet Rupp Capitola 

3006 Les Gardner Fe~on 

3007 Joe Smith Boulder Creek 

3008 Christine Reily Santa Cruz 

3009 Keri Putt Santa Cruz 

3010 Glenn Segers Auburn 

3011 Jennifer Segers Mariposa 

3012 Sara Segers Auburn 

3013 Matthew Segers Mariposa 

3014 Shianne Segers Mariposa 

3015 Sabella Segers Mariposa 

3016 Nikyra Segers Mariposa 

3017 Greg Robinson Brentwood 

3018 Sandie McNulty Brentwood 

3019 Alex Robinson Oakland 

3020 Kyle Robinson Oakland 

3021 Cata England San Diego 

3022 Mitch Matheu Redwood City 

3023 Catheryn BeVier Santa Cruz 

3024 Megan Melack Santa Cruz 

3025 Kevin Jordan Aptos, CA 

3026 Beth Carr Santa Cruz 

3027 Miranda Jones Santa Cruz 

3028 Jordan Eldridge Cupertino 

3029 Jordan Eldridge Cupertino 

3030 Lanai Winter Chico 

3031 Gregory Graalfs Santa Cruz 

3032 Donna Von Joo-Tornell Santa Cruz/live oak 

3033 Judy Schriebman San Rafael 

3034 Margaret Crawford-Ryan Oakland 

3035 derba demos santa cruz 

3036 sylvia falcon el cerrito 

3037 martha bennett scotts valley 

3038 Nancy Winans Scotts Valley 

3039 Matthew Mills Scotts Valley 

3040 Susan Holmes Scotts valley, ca 

3041 Greg Goodman Scotts valley, ca 

3042 Sara Rigler Scotts valley 

3043 Stephen Weldon aptos 

3044 Kerry James Santa Cruz 
500 


Insert offset folio 567 here 98942A.469

3045 Ryan Vogel Santa Cruz 

3046 John Satterlee San Jose 

3047 lynda Lewit soquel 

3048 Feather Vare Santa Cruz 

3049 Virginia Soules Santa Cruz 

3050 Robin Hubert Capitola 

3051 Patricia Murchison Santa Cruz CA 

3052 Colleen O'Reilly Watsonville 

3053jake bornstein Cupertino 

3054 Kelly Hales Aptos 

3055 savita raina BayareaCA 

3056 Oceano Barker Santa Cruz 

3057 Caitlyn Woodward Samson South Grafton 

3058 Parker Samson South Grafton 

3059 Jeff Samson South Grafton 

3060 carolyn raser watsonville 

3061 Jessica Cortez hallandale 

3062 Rose Kahn Scotts Valley 

3063 Christine Robbin Boulder Creek 

3064 Katelynm Sprofera Santa Cruz 

3065 Zach Millington Santa Cruz 

3066 James Sparkman Aptos 

3067 Coleen Sparkman Aptos 

3068 Gordon Schmeisser Santa Cruz 

3069 Jeffrey Wilson Northridge, CA 91325 

3070 Juli furtado santa cruz 

3071 Philip Simon San Rafael 

3072 Joy DeVito Boulder Creek 

3073 Flora Green Santa Cruz 

307 4 Jessica Jackson-Scott Santa Cruz 

3075 Susan Wishon Santa cruz 

3076 Lisa Flores Santa Cruz 

3077 Deborah Berkson Santa Cruz/Live Oak 

3078 Reyna Simon Los Gatos 

3079 Yvonne McHugh Richmond 

3080 karen moore boulder creek 

3081 marsha seeley san francisco 

3082 raeann emery san francisco 

3083 daniel shapona san francisco 

3084 Sidney Robles Napa 

3085 Pat Callaway Newark 

3086 James Maldi Monterey 

3087 James Mangin San Jose 

3088 Nancy Mangin San Jose 

3089 Sharon Mendes Manteca 

3090 paul Kreiss hayward 

3091 John Manning San Francisco 

3092 Pamela Fitzgerald discovery bay, California 

3093 Shirley Beers Greenbrae, CA 

3094 Anna Smith Boulder Creek 

3095 Chris Smith Boulder Creek 

3096 Michael Smith Boulder Creek 

3097 Mary Lie by Santa Cruz 

3098 Velana Lieby-Wamer Santa Cruz 

3099 Melina Lieby-Wamer Santa Cruz 
501 


Insert offset folio 568 here 98942A.470

3100 Patricia Cunningham Santa Cruz 

3101 Elizabeth Kelly boulder Creek 

3102 Simon Gilbert Santa Cruz 

3103 Tabitha Gilbert Santa Cruz 

3104 Tyler Cacses Santa Cruz 

3105 Linda Belom Boulder Creek 

3106 Nikki Grigg Santa Cruz 

31 07 Sulivan Lie by Santa Cruz 

3108 Kristi Ueby Santa Cruz 

3109 Lieby Santa Cruz 

3110 Nate Lie by Santa Cruz 

3111 Dawna Unsdell Santa Cruz 

3112 Barbara Staepelaere Ben Lomond 

3113 Alexander Gaguine Santa Cruz 

3114 Nancy wood Santa Cruz 

3115Don Lane Santa Cruz 

3116 Hans Brinker Santa Cruz 

3117 Liz Klotz Chamberlain Santa Cruz 

3118 Peter Klotz Chamberlain Santa Cruz 

3119 Eileen Balian Santa Cruz 

3120 Kathleen Kiyaba Ben Lemond 

3121 Debera Sineath Boulder Creek 

3122 DeAnne Boroff Santa Cruz 

3123 Sheri Rath Felton 

3124 Karen Carbert Ben Lemond 

3125 Denise Kaatz Aptos 

3126 Veronica Shepardson Capitola 

3127 Barbara Spencer Santa Cruz 

3128 Robin Appleby Santa Cruz 

3129 Lany True Santa Cruz 

3130 Jay Cutler Santa Cruz 

3131 Maarten Kalisvaart Cupertino 

3132 Jane H Campbell 

3133 Pamela Montgomery Saratoga, CA 

3134 Scott Van Tyle Pacific Grove 

3135 Jim Campbell Salinas 

3136 nm Tensing Felton 

3137 Robert Archibald Palo Alto 

3138 Veronica Archibald Palo Alto 

3139 Frank Delfino Castro Valley 

3140 Mr. Stephen Walker San Jose 

3141 Jennifer Sousae San Francisco 

3142 Sean Wharton Felton 

3143 W.F.Martin Saratoga, CA 

3144 Douglas Hammer Oakland 

3145 Liz King San Jose 

3146 Joel Kubby Bonny Doon 

3147 Laura Kubby Bonny Doon 

3148 Bonnie O'brien Boulder Creek 

3149 Cheryl Wightmau Capitola 

3150 Harold Widom Santa Cruz 

3151 Guy M Lohman San Jose 

3152 Kathleen Moe San Jose 

3153 Dorothy Whitmore Aptos 

3154 Shirtey Wodtke Cupertino 
502 


Insert offset folio 569 here 98942A.471

3155 Jan Paull San Jose 

3156 Vivek Velurali San Jose 

3157 Annette Caramitro Santa Cruz 

3158 Michele Garside San Francisco 

315'9 R Sherer Palo Alto 

3160 Jacqueline Welch Saratoga, CA 

3161 Paul Kreiss Hayward 

3162 Almalee Henderson Berkeley 

3163 Sally Caldwell Hayward 

3164 Sharon lllges Los Matos 

3165 Helena Epps Santa Cruz 

3166 Dale Huber Sunnyvale 

3167 Vick Huber Sunnyvale 

3168 Derek Huber Sunnyvale 

3169 Grant Huber Sunnyvale 

3170 Jack Nadeau San Jose, CA 

3171 Charlolte Douwell San Jose. CA 

3172 Bruce Mcintyre Los Gatos 

3173 Regina Tomlinson Oakdale, Ca 

3174 Joann Breckler New Almaden, CA 

3175 Jim Sikora Ben Lomond 

3176 Alvaro Reis Santa Clara 

3177 Leonard Pasdera San Carlos 

3178 B Delaney Palo Alto 

3179 Ernest Hand rick Torrance, CA 

3180 Tom Budlong Los Angeles 

3181 Michele Scott Santa Cruz 

3182 Josephine Blue Missoula, MT 

3183 Donald Wilhelm Los Gatos 

3184 Simon Templeman Santa Monica 

3185 Darlene Sm~h Concord 

3186 Mike Vanderman San Ramon, CA 

3187 Gorgina Beyer Castro Valley 

3188 Robert Sayre EICerrito 

3189 Winnie Sayre EICerrito 

3190 Diane Kloc EICerrito 

3191 Mike Golden Palo Alto 

3192 Roger B San Jose. CA 

3193 Bruce Bowen San Francisco 

3194 Katlyn Hannay Moss Landing 

3195 Michele McHenry Sunnyvale 

3196 Harold Retter San Francisco 

3197 Elizabeth Ross Portola Valley, CA 

3198 Bonnie Clark Mountain View, CA 

3199 Burt Anderson Walnut Creek 

3200 Raja Anderson San Francisco 

3201 Diane Moore Palo Alto 

3202 Kimberly Hauschild San Francisco 

3203 Howard Miller San Francisco 

3204 David Ring Palo Alto 

3205 Edward Irvin Los Altos 

3206 Thomas Pugh San Francisco 

3207 Elmer Eckart San Mateo 

3208 Lira Marie Currl San Francisco 

3209 Reno Cervelli Pleasanton,CA 
503 


Insert offset folio 570 here 98942A.472

3210 Richard William Alberts San Luis Obispo 

3211 Ramon Crosby Portland, Or 

3212 Bob Imlay Santa Cruz 

3213 Betty Imlay Santa Cruz 

3214 Hugh Converse Concord 

3215 William Vandenburgh Soringfield, Or 

3216 Edith Eddy Palo Alto 

3217 Jack Bernst San Mateo 

3218 Rocco Seen a Hercules, CA 

3219 John J. Schwanke Sonoma, CA 

3220 Laszlo Tokes Palo Alto 

3221 Carolyn Lewis Aptos 

3222 John P. Kesselring Mountin View, CA 

3223 Paul Grishbar Burlingame, CA 

3224 Murray Aronson West Hollywood, Ca 

3225 Terence Honikman Santa Barbara 

3226 Suzanne Edwards Paso Robles 

3227 Mara C. Reynolds Stevenson, WA 

3228 Douglas Matt Sunnyvale, CA 

3229 Kayla Smernoff Portola Valley 

3230 Gordon Foster Burlingame, CA 

3231 John Manning Hillsborough, Ca 

3232 Anne Fuller Juneau, AK 

3233 Kristen Holloway San Jose, CA 

3234 Gerard Flowers Seattle, WA 

3235 Peter E. Freedman EICerrito 

3236 Kenneth G. Camobell Palo Alto 

3237 Margaret Saunders Grand Terrace, CA 

3238 JohnS. Gravel! Pleasant Hill, CA 

3239 Douglas McElwain Santa Barbara 

3240 Dr. Terry Maul Tahoma, CA 

3241 Scott Johnson Monte Rio 

3242 Jeanne Ziebold Vista, Ca 

3243 ian Spicer Menlo Park, CA 

3244 Grayson Marshall Larkspur, Ca 

3245 Joseph Meyers Palo Alto 

3246 Laura Hubbard Redwood, CA 

3247 Joan Taylor Murphys 

3248 Calvin Tam Richmond, CA 

3249 Noreen Doyle Martinez, Ca 

3250 C.H. Palmer Napa, CA 

3251 Gary Dahl Berkeley, Ca 

3252 Esther Blanchard Los Altos 

3253 Richard Blanchard Los Altos 

3254 Juanita Heinemann Belmont, CA 

3255 Chester Gibbs Sn Luis Obisp, Ca 

3256 Tom Hedges Berkeley, Ca 

3257 Clair suvari Portola Valley, CA 

3258 Amanda Serenyi San Francisco, CA 

3259 Julie Campbell San Francisco, CA 

3260 Anne Trela Palo Alto 

3261 Liz Westbrook Oakland, Ca 

3262 Paul Ringgold San Francisco, Ca 

3263 Benjamin Wright Lorna Mar 

3264 Neal Sharma East Palo Alto 
504 


Insert offset folio 571 here 98942A.473

3265 Noelle Thurlow Menlo Park, CA 

3266 Laura O'leary Half Moon Bay 

3267 Heather Kantu San Carlos 

3268 Daniel Olsten San Mateo 

3269 Kathleen Phan Menlo Park, CA 

3270 Margot Phan Menlo Park, CA 

3271 Christopher Phan Menlo Park, CA 

3272 kara Caselas San Mateo 

3273 Linda Chin Los Altos 

3274 Diane Cordova Menlo Park, CA 

3275 Samantha Halloran Mountain View, CA 

3276 Dave Rogers Albany 

3277 Paul E. Jensen Pleasanton,CA 

3278 Colonel Charles D. Slater San Jose, CA 

3279 William Sutherland Santa Cruz 

3280 Bernie Didacio Sutta,Ca 

3281 Russ Miller Burlingame, CA 

3282 Kirk Pessner Burlingame, CA 

3283 Wayne Anderson Sacramento, Ca 

3284 Pat Foro San Rafael, Ca 

3285 Robert Mclaughlin Albany, CA 

3286 Marilyn Hohbach Atherton, Ca 

3287 Malcom Dudley Atherton, CA 

3288 Cosette Dudley Atherton, Ca 

3289 Margart Destaebler Portola Valley, CA 

3290 Marjorie Fisher San Francisco, Ca 

3291 Charles Dixon Santa Cruz 

3292 Walter Ritz Saratoga, CA 

3293 Barbara Phillips Los Altos, CA 

3294 Jack Troup Novato, CA 

3295 Vicente Bannard Palo Alto 

3296 Steve Hollowell Huntington Beach 

3297 Peggy Kaestle Smith River, CA 

3298 Jordan Tramali Santa Cruz 

3299 Jan Remarez Santa Cruz 

3300 Mabal T. Salinas 

3301 Sandra Contreras Salinas 

3302 Nicole Garland Santa Cruz 

3303 Teddy Miller Santa Cruz 

3304 Lois Muhly Santa Cruz 

3305 Justin Muhly Santa Cruz 

3306 Jimi Gleitsman Santa Cruz 

3307 Crystal Archibeque Santa Cruz 

3308 Travis Senuhe SantaCruz 

3309 Mitcheil Bourtsk Santa Cruz 

3310 Hunter Gowder Santa Cruz 

3311 Mark Johnson Santa Cruz 

3312 Margellen Boyle Santa Cruz 

3313 Glenn Johnson Santa Cruz 

3314 Tim Johnson Portland, Or 

3315 Colin Boyle Santa Cruz 

3316 Richard Couzzi Santa Cruz 

3317 Sandra Ruiz Pebble Beach 

3318 Leticia Torres Watsonvill 

3319 Rosa Fields Salinas 
505 


Insert offset folio 572 here 98942A.474

3320 Gabriela Villa Salinas 

3321 Sandy Davis Santa Cruz 

3322 Jennifer Jimenez Salinas 

3323 Maribel Vargas Salinas 

3324 Dustin Wildigg Santa Cruz 

3325 Pam Desmond Salinas 

3326 Jed Pageler Santa Cruz 

3327 Wiley Hughes Santa Cruz 

3328 Hanna Haase Santa Cruz 

3329 Sage Duran Santa Cruz 

3330 Adam Sturterant Santa Cnuz 

3331 Anthony Aleccale Santa Cruz 

3332 Marta Duplartier Sant Cruz 

3333 Grant Schoonover Santa Cruz 

3334 Mia Bloom Becker Santa Cruz 

3335 Steve Garrity Sunnyvale, CA 

3336 Robert Snyder Rancho Palos Verdes 

3337 Richard Crosland Frederick, MD 

3338 Steve Tomlinson Boulder Creek 

3339 Pamela Down Penn Valley, CA 

3340 Lyman Wear Portola Valley, CA 

3341 Denyse Wear Portola Valley, CA 

3342 Harrison Starr Marina del Rey, Ca 

3343 Dave Sheppard Running Springs 

3344 Ms. Annabel Boissevain San Jose, CA 

3345 Joan Russets Poolesville . MD 

3346 Carolyn Welch Fresno, CA 

3347 Linda Lawton Oakland, Ca 

3348 Robert Zeiss Santa Cruz, Ca 

3349 Antonette Zeiss Santa Cruz, Ca 

3350 Susan J. Perry Mountin View, CA 

3351 Elizabeth Schewinsberg Mountin View, CA 

3352 William Ricard Murrieta, CA 

3353 Irene Davis Little Rock, AR 

3354 Sandi Genser·Marck Richmond, CA 

3355 Peter Brown Los Altos, CA 

3356 Ted Kaye Moss Beach 

3357 George Girot Boulder Creek 

3358 William Kllne Menlo Park, CA 

3359 Julie Ford Seal Beach, CA 

3360 Edward Sullivan San Francisco, Ca 

3361 Erin SharkeWod San Francisco, Ca 

3362 Michele Carlos Menlo Park 

3363 Victoria Ellis Menlo Park 

3364 Peter Ellis Menlo Park 

3365 Dana Gleason Menlo Park 

3366 Bruce Hildenbrand Mountin View 

3367 Alan White San Clemente 

3368 Mary Bihn Norwalk 

3369 Fran Rominger Palo Alto, Ca 

3370 Fran Wolfe Piedmont, CA 

3371 Cameron Wolfe Piedmont, CA 

3372 Dunham Sherer Occidental, Ca 

3373 John Pyeatt Boerne, TX 

337 4 Margaret Pyeatt Boerne, TX 
506 


Insert offset folio 573 here 98942A.475

3375 Leigh Mintz Lincoln 

3376 Carol Mintz Lincoln 

3377 Waino Tuominen Huntington, MA 

3378 Jack Schiffhauer San Jose 

3379 Jim Richards Antioch 

3380 Helqa Grabske Berkeley 

3381 Donald Philipp Tarzana 

3382 Gwen May Santa Cruz 

3383 Monica Donovan Sunnyvale 

3384 James Kem Sunnyvale 

3385 Bryan Crafts Decatur 

3386 Maribeth L. Allen Tigard, OR 

3387 Sheila Bigelow Lancaster 

3388 Bruce Krummenacher warrenville, IL 

3389Will Tuttie Healdsburg 

3390 Lee Sendelbeck Palo Alto 

3391 Sister Anna Marie Vannidedo San Rafael 

3392 Lorn White Thousand Oaks 

3393 Thelma Dalman Santa Cruz 

3394 Debbie Mytel Palo Alto 

3395 Mike Waiter Foster City 

3396 Sandy Walter Foster City 

3397 Morlynn Gallaway Palo Alto 

3398 Richard Murphy Santa Cruz 

3399 John Dieckmann Belmont, MA 

3400 Lloyd Fetterly Tacoma 

3401 Robert Cavanaugh San Francisco 

3402 Lynn Chiapella Palo Alto 

3403 Ken Donnelly Pescadero 

3404 Penny Donnelly Pescadero 

3405 John Rellon Oxford, Oh 

3406 Gary Chapin Ticonderoga, NY 

3407 Jean Riehl Fairfield 

3408 John Reilly Ft. Myers, FL 

3409 Bill Leuois Los Gatos 

3410 Derald Blackmore Redwood 

3411 lise Alberes Garden City, NY 

3412 Coleman Youngdahl Los Altos 

3413 Robert Strasser Frederick, MD 

3414 R Martyn Santa Cruz 

3415 Shlomo Waser Sunnyvale 

3416 Robert Finely San Francisco 

3417 Robert Reardon Croton on Hudson, NY 

3418 A Gavz New Haven, Ct 

3419 T Gavz New Haven, Ct 

3420 Marla Fosgren Gilroy 

3421 Sean DeBruine Menlo Park 

3422 Grace Caris on Santa Cruz 

3423 Ron Geary Boulder. CO 

3424 James Zacher Elgin,IL 

3425 Hardia Rhorer Devine, TX 

3426 Jan & oscar Chacon San Jose 

3427 Sarah Michie Menlo Park 

3428 Sean Shrun San Jose 

3429 Kathy Kuyper Green Valley, AZ 
507 


Insert offset folio 574 here 98942A.476

3430 Lynn Soriano Santa Cruz 

3431 Susan Rines Ben lomond 

3432 Cheryl Henley Pacifica 

3433 Marie Garcia Santa Cruz 

3434 Elissa Kurk Aptos 

3435 Irene Verkaaik Scotts Valley 

3436 Jan Lange La Selva Beach 

3437 Nora Boothly Aptos 

3438 Diane Morgenstern Soquel 

3439 Virginia Barr Boulder Creek 

3440 Judy Leadley Seacliff 

3441 Julie Kimball Boulder Creek 

3442 Ruth Stiles Scotts Valley 

3443 Martha Macambridge Corralitos 

3444 Ann Butler Santa Cruz 

3445 Kelly Butler Santa Cruz 

3446 Bernie Russi San Jose 

3447 Diane Beckman SantaCruz 

3448 Shelly Hernandez Santa Cruz 

3449 Julie Newbold Santa Cruz 

3450 Kim Moore Santa Cruz 

3451 Sydney Moore Santa Cruz 

3452 JT Moore Santa Cruz 

3453 Katherine McCarn ant Santa Cruz 

3454 Dianne Dryer Santa Cruz 

3455 Kendon Smith Santa Cruz 

3456 Rhonda Aikin Capitola 

3457 James Turner Watsonville 

3458 Francis Garcia Santa Cruz 

3459 Brian Spencer Aptos 

3460 Marjorie Washburn Aptos 

3461 Jane Schwickerath Aptos 

3462 Diane Morgernstem Soquel 

3463 Karol Payne Santa Cruz 

3464 Lynn Dunn Santa Cruz 

3465 Celia Hursey Felton 

3466 Doug Urbahav Ben Lomond 

3467 Anita Lande Felton 

3468 Kendon Lande Felton 

3469 Bamboo IIana Felton 

3470 Lynn Rouse San Jose 

3471 Cheryle Winn SantaCruz 

3472 Mary and Brad McClean Sunnyvale 

3473 Kathy Olson Seattle 

3474 Tracy Kahan Felton 

3475 Polly Baskett Felton 

3476 Lucia Maclean Ben lomond 

3477 Joseph Hunt Seattle 

3478 Joel Hill Bonny Doon 

34 79 Michael Stewart Scotts Valley 

3480 Michelle Gardner Scotts Valley 

3481 Georgia Ireland Scotts Valley 

3482 Janice King Felton 

3483 Lori Zink Scotts Valley 

3484 Charles and Diane Molnar Santa Cruz 
508 


Insert offset folio 575 here 98942A.477

3485 Lisa Mendez Holister 

3486 Jayme Clancy Santa Cruz 

3487 Katie Garmond Santa Cruz 

3488 Zane Griffin Santa Cruz 

3489 Heather Griffith Santa Cruz 

3490 Seth Heitzenrater Santa Cruz 

3491 Sanda Spiegel Boulder Creek 

3492 Joanne Teitter Felton 

3493 Richard Moore Arroyo Grande 

3494 Abigail J. Adams Arroyo Grande 

3495 Douglas Plante Felton 

3496 Agatha Kenar Felton 

3497 Marco Walsh Scotts Valley 

3498 Tony Pan Scotts Valley 

3499 Pat Huntsinger Boulder Creek 

3500 Mary O'Malley Teaneck, NJ 

3501 Krista Kessler Scotts Valley 

3502 Aiex Maden a Watsonville 

3503 Brad Sprankle San Francisco 

3504 Doug Hohbach Palo Alto 

3505 Barry Marks Aptos 

3506 Ellison Marks Aptos 

3507 Julie Lorraine Aptos 

3508 Jayme Pickens Kirkland, WA 

3509 Joe Howard Silver Spring, MD 

3510 Mary Howard Silver Spring, MD 

3511 Luba Ross Point Richmond 

3512 Fred Wadsworth Los Osos 

3513 David Fellers Annandale, VA 

3514 Herbert Ploch Green Valley, AZ. 

3515 E.M. Salzer Palo Alto 

3516 RA Baumgartner Palo Alto 

3517 Lawton Hards Modesto 

3518 Gary Ellin Mill Valley 

3519 c. Hardyman Garden Grove 

3520 Valentine Morgan San Bruno 

3521 Ronald Harlan San Mateo 

3522 Cindy Cooper Roseville 

3523 Juliette Bryson Cupertino 

3524 Thomas Hill San Mateo 

3525 Beryl Vonderheid Oakland 

3526 Walter Barfield Austin, TX 

3527 Wendy Weikel Berkeley 

3528 Per Bjorke Redwood City 

3529 Ralph Hitchcock NevedaCity 

3530 Heidi Simpson Scotts Valley 

3531 Vanessa DiMugno Capitola 

3532 Carrie Birkhofes Santa Cruz 

3533 Barry Bowman Santa Cruz 

3534 Emma Bowman Santa Cruz 

3535 Suzanne Winslow Capitola 

3536 Eve Roberson Santa Cruz 

3537 Joyce Kamimara Santa Cruz 

3538 Nancy Powell Capitola 

3539 Judith Goodman Santa Cruz 
509 


Insert offset folio 576 here 98942A.478

3540 Diane Cohen North Valley 

3541 Darrel Darling Santa Cruz 

3542 Karen Darling Santa Cruz 

3543 Joyce Brodsky Santa Cruz 

3544 Charlotte M. Clayton Santa Cruz 

3545 Pat Nell any Santa Cruz 

3546 Winkie Rose Santa Cruz 

3547 Sheriee Byrd Santa Cruz 

3548 Jim Logsdon Santa Cruz 

3549 Sherley Goodman Santa Cruz 

3550 Sandy Lansdale Santa Cruz 

3551 Venus Nienow Santa Cruz 

3552 Geri Lie by Santa Cruz 

3553 Aster Usher Santa Cruz 

3554 Sue Myer Santa Cruz 

3555 Carol Carr Santa Cruz 

3556 Maeve O'hara Santa Cruz 

3557 Shirley Wodtake Cupertino 

3558 Gia Batchik Santa Cruz 

3559 Don Leatherman Santa Cruz 

3560 Mary Nelson Santa Cruz 

3561 Esther Frances So Cal 

3562 Lance Sprague Santa Cruz 

3563 Aura Agirre Santa Cruz 

3564 Emily Enriquez Santa Cruz 

3565 Jane Stillinger Capitola 

3566 Natalie Havari Santa Cruz 

3567 Isabelle Zirbes Santa Cruz 

3568 Deborah Osterbery Santa Cruz 

3569 Pat Dellin Santa Cruz 

3570 Theodore Smith Corralitos 

3571 Katy Harris Santa Cruz 

3572 Emiley Standish Santa Cruz 

3573 Glen Schaller Santa Cruz 

3574 Bronie Usher Santa Cruz 

3575 Ariel Usher Santa Cruz 

3576 Alma Mendoza Santa Cruz 

3577 Pamela Rincon Santa Cruz 

3578 Maria Servin Santa Cruz 

3579 Rosalyn Bourdow Santa Cruz 

3580 Claire Bourdeaux Santa Cruz 

3581 Troy Capel a Satna Cruz 

3582 Jennifer Cherk Santa Cruz 

3583 Nancy Layties Ben Lemond 

3584 Katrina Grigger Santa Cruz 

3585 Daniel lslesias Santa Cruz 

3586 Javier Aguirre Santa Cruz 

3587 Ana Espinoza Santa Cruz 

3588 Cesar Enriquez Santa Cruz 

3589 Janine Bird Santa Cruz 

3590 Nancie Farris Santa Cruz 

3591 Victor Roth Santa Cruz 

3592 Sarah Silverman Santa Cruz 

3593 Ryan Thurm Santa Cruz 

3594 Karen Laing Santa Cruz 
510 


Insert offset folio 577 here 98942A.479

3595 Lundsay Knights Scotts Valley 

3596 Chris Berry Felton 

3597 Peggy Osheay Boulder Creek 

3598 Amelia Bonilla Santa Cruz 

3599 Kelli Greene Los Gatos 

3600 Jonathan Holly Santa Cruz 

3601 Pavia Hollz Boulder Creek 

3602 Catherine Dennis-Leigh Felton 

3603 Donald Alley Brookdale,CA 

3604 Valerie Cameron Santa Cruz 

3605 Giner Wosciechousrs SantaCruz 

3606 Mike Vantlalten Santa Cruz 

3607 Susan Russell Santa Cruz 

3608 Valerie Egland San Juan 

3609 Maria Stryker Santa Cruz 

3610 Mike Lamar Felton 

3611 Lisa Uta I Bonny Doon 

3612 Margarita Carrillo Watsonvill 

3613 Alex Smith Santa Cruz 

3614 Gretchen Bronstein Los Gatos 

3615 Ami Ebright Santa Cruz 

3616 Lisa Murphy Santa Cruz 

3617 Maria Chester Scotts Valley 

3618 Martha As helm an Soquel 

3619 Kathy Donovan Santa Cruz 

3620 Alexandra Chartier Ben Lemond 

3621 Debora Morrison Davenport 

3622 Abigail Ramsden San Francisco, Ca 

3623 Angel Martinz San Jose, CA 

3624 Krista! Caidoy Milpitas 

3625 Lynda Watson Santa Cruz 

3626 Kenneth Schreiber Redwood City 

3627 Laura Smith Santa Cruz 

3628 Dylan Levine Santa Cruz 

3629 John Marden SantaCruz 

3630 Bruce Dorman Felton 

3631 Phil Castle Ben Lemond 

3632 Tina Castel Ben Lemond 

3633 Eben Lindsey Bonny Doon 

3634 EricT. Egland San Juan 

3635 Salem Magarian Bonny Doon 

3636 Kitty Dennis Santa Cruz 

3637 Larry McFall Santa Cruz 

3638 Jack E. Santa Cruz 

3639 Tami Grove Coastal Commission 

3640 Linda Locklin Coastal Commission 

3641 Samantha Goldman San Francisco, Ca 

3642 Rachel Goodman Bonny Doon 

3643 Stuart Ca~son Santa Cruz 

3644 Dennis Grady Soquel 

3645 Leila San Jose Santa Cruz 

3646 Richard Muller Santa Cruz 

3647 Dennis Norton Capitola 

3648 Susie Slette Felton 

3649 Daniel Laughlin Santa Cruz 
511 


Insert offset folio 578 here 98942A.480

3650 Janet Herman Santa Cruz 

3651 Inger Marie Laursen Aptos 

3652 Jane Gregorius Santa Cruz 

3653 Agnieszka Zalicka Soquel 

3654 Nancy Zafre Santa Cruz 

3655 Gustavo Aguila Santa Cruz 

3656 Michelle Anderson Santa Cruz 

3657 David Dobbins Santa Cruz 

3658 John Gerhardit Soquel 

3659 Craig Mueller Santa Cruz 

3660 Larry Half Santa Cruz 

3661 Carmella Martinez Santa Cruz 

3662 Hugh auchhann Aptos 

3663 Gene Kripe Felton 

3664 Anne Darner Santa Cruz 

3665 Mike Nickals Santa Cruz 

3666 Steve Lustgarden Santa Cruz 

3667 Monica Marinez Felton 

3668 Bill Fitter Watsonvill 

3669 Stanley Sokolow Santa Cruz 

3670 Joyce Smith Santa Cruz 

3671 Tom Caldwell Santa Cruz 

3672 Honey Caldwell Santa Cruz 

3673 Joan Rose Aptos 

3674 Ann Beckom Santa Cruz 

3675 Margaret Leonard Snata Cruz 

3676 Chris Thompson Santa Cruz 

3677 John Bickle Aptos 

3678 Zena Reyes Santa Cruz 

3679 Tristan Reyes Sanata Cruz 

3680 Nayeli Lopez Santa Cruz 

3681 Meade Fischer Capitola 

3682 Ethan Robinson Santa Cruz 

3683 Lisa Kligsman Aptos 

3684 George Peabody Santa Cruz 

3685 Rosie Stegeman Santa Cruz 

3686 Kristin McDonald Santa Cruz 

3687 p Romero Santa Cruz 

3688 Rosemary Anderson Watsonvill 

3689 Rachel Neuman Santa Cruz 

3690 Jennifer Bast Santa Cruz 

3691 Amanda Fielding Santa Cruz 

3692 Daniel Iglesias Santa Cruz 

3693 Anne Ratoo Corralitos 

3694 Lee Yamado Watsonvill 

3695 Kimlin Daniel Keith Santa Cruz 

3696 John Keith Santa Cruz 

3697 Trea Robinson Santa Cruz 

3698 Lynne Manning Santa Cruz 

3699 Jim Macdonald Santa Cruz 

3700 Caitlin Deck Santa Cruz 

3701 Tess Hom Santa Cruz 

3702 Emily Wingett Santa Cruz 

3703 Gretchen Gossett Santa Cruz 

3704 John Bost Santa Cruz 
512 


Insert offset folio 579 here 98942A.481

3705 Noel Fielding Santa Cruz 

3706 Jeff Manker Corralitos 

3707 Phyllis Cole Watsonvill 

3708 Ernest White Aptos 

3709 Karen Hildebrand Santa Cruz 

3710 Marylee M Sunnyvale 

3711 Howard Moelle Sunnyvale 

3712 Lynne D Santa Cruz 

3713 Chris Lyons Watsonvill 

3714 Rachel Anglersgood Boulder Creek 

3715 Marie Beck han Aptos 

3716 Jessica Ness Santa Cruz 

3717 Don Teber Santa Cruz 

3718 Susan Kauffman Santa Cruz 

3719 Sunshine Gibbs Santa Cruz 

3720 Perry Fitler Watsonvill 

3721 Tom Wilson Santa Cruz 

3722 Mike Goldsmith Aptos 

3723 Louis Rose Aptos 

3724 Tom Morgan Santa Cruz 

3725 lan McRae Santa Cruz 

3726 Clare Sheils Santa Cruz 

3727 Erik Eriksen Santa Cruz 

3728 Joe Clarkr Santa Cruz 

3729 Margret Barrett Santa Cruz 

3730 Caroline Martin Santa Cruz 

3731 Tamyra Price Santa Cruz 

3732 John G. Santa Cruz 

3733 Rosalyn Radicchi Santa Cruz 

3734 Kerry Hosley Santa Cruz 

3735 David Shuman Santa Cruz 

3736 Madelin Shuman SantaCruz 

3737 Michael Faherly Santa Cruz 

3738 Karen Kaplan Scotts Valley 

3739 Mike Carr Aptos 

3740 Patti Souvly Santa Cruz 

3741 Mark K. Santa Cruz 

3742 Mark Silberstein Moss Landing 

3743 Laorie Jacobs Scotts Valley 

3744 Taryn washburn Watsonvil! 

3745 Andy Marse Santa Cruz 

3746 Bonnie Helmer-orange Santa Cruz 

3747 Elaine Rohlfes Santa Cruz 

3748 Agres Topp Santa Cruz 

3749 Arura Erchei Los Gatos 

3750 Aaron Deich Santa Cruz 

3751 Petra Motishaw Santa Cruz 

3752 Nova Paylrs Oakland 

3753 Mike Conner Davis, CA 

3754 Nancy martinez San Jose, CA 

3755 Meredith Herr Ben Lemond 

3756 Megan Fluke San Jose, CA 

3757 Louise Patterson Davenport 

3758 Amanda Henry San Jose, CA 

3759 Amelia Colen Santa Cruz 
513 


Insert offset folio 580 here 98942A.482

3760 Gary Luhrman Soquel 

3761 Scott Peden Ben Lemond 

3762 Margaret Strubel Albany, CA 

3763 Roger Kern Scotts Valley 

3764 Jennifer Mikkelson Felton 

3765 Vince Oviedo Santa Cruz 

3766 Troy Mayers Santa Cruz 

3767 Howard Heemer Santa Cruz 

3768 Elizabeth Evans Santa Cruz 

3769 Ten Sigler Santa Cruz 

3770 Meadhbh Hamrick Fetto,CA 

3771 Sharon Hampton Santa Cruz 

3772 Kate Bowland Santa Cruz 

3773 Lucia Omancho Santa Cruz 

377 4 Adrtenne Saxton Santa Cruz 

3775 Gayle Elsner Los Gatos 

3776 Sophia Tinkey Santa Cruz 

3777 Billy Prusino'WSki Santa Cruz 

3778 Tom Fordham Santa Cruz 

3779 Melissa Frank Santa Cruz 

3780 Brtan Coltrin Santa Cruz 

3781 Erik Holmouist Santa Cruz 

3782 Thomas Batley Aptos 

3783 Myra Eastman Live Oak 

3784 Deborah Hayes Santa Cruz 

3785 Ware! Smith Aptos 

3786 Maja Smith Santa Cruz 

3787 Hannah Finegold Santa Cruz 

3788 David Frisbey Santa Cruz 

3789 Randall Labauve Santa Cruz 

3790 Daniel Haifley Santa Cruz 

3791 Allan Kass Santa Cruz 

3792 John Koeker Santa Cruz 

3793 Pam Kangas Aptos 

3794 Denise Weatherwax Santa Cruz 

3795 Coralie Gertach Santa Cruz 

3796 Bruce Babbitt Arizona 

3797 Ed Durkee Santa Cruz 

3798 Freda Lantz Santa Cruz 

3799 Mel Lantz Santa Cruz 

3800 Donna Ziel Ben Lemond 

3801 Kelly Alpert Scotts Valley 

3802 Joe Hall Santa Cruz 

3803 Wendy Macias Santa Cruz 

3804 Judi Sherman Ben Lemond 

3805 Mary Hemmer Boulder Creek 

3806 Jordan Plotsky Santa Cruz 

3807 Mary Schuermann Santa Cruz 

3808 Robert Rohlenberger Scotts Valley 

3809 Heather Butler Aptos 

3810 Brian Mcelroy Davenport 

3811 Barry Shilman Campbell 

3812 Susan Blake Campbell 

3813 Joyce Shimizu Aptos 

3814 Mary Ingraham Santa Cruz 
514 


Insert offset folio 581 here 98942A.483

3815 Georgina Blakwell Santa Cruz 

3816 Laura Tanza Watsonvill 

3817 Sara Palomo Santa Cruz 

3818 Joanne Brown Felton 

3819 Dan Quinn Portala Valley 

3820 Stan Cunningham Santa Cruz 

3821 David Thiermann Santa Cruz 

3822 Ami Mills Santa Cruz 

3823 Banikh ben~Naim Santa Cruz 

3824 Katnna Haeger Santa Cruz 

3825 Rowan Haeger Santa Cruz 

3826 Phoenix Meyers Santa Cruz 

3827 Marissa Fuente Santa Cruz 

3828 Christine Bachar Santa Cruz 

3829 Nereyda DelaO Santa Cruz 

3830 Henry Burnett Felton 

3831 Golce Kasikci Santa Cruz 

3832 Brian Whitebread Santa Clara 

3833 Dac Le Santa Clara 

3834 Cill Benedetto SantaCruz 

3835 John Eastman Live Oak 

3836 Jim Sease Santa Cruz 

3837 Ken Johnson Santa Cruz 

3838 Daryl Dichek Soquel 

3839 Karen Jackson Santa Cruz 

3840 Liz Ryan Santa Cruz 

3841 Gabrtelle Stocker Santa Cruz 

3842 Lilian Alecia Morgan Lampi co 

3843 Dave Wade Felton 

3844 Harvey Hartman Santa Cruz 

3845 Stephanie Martin Santa Cruz 

3846 Tamara Don Soquel 

3847 Kelley Tousdale Aptos 

3848 Miguel Enriquez Salinas 

3849 John Stradfor Santa Cruz 

3850 Justin Ravanelli Santa Cruz 

3851 Sarah Benjamin Santa Cruz 

3852 Kate Orchard Santa Cruz 

3853 Patrtck Castro Santa Cruz 

3854 William Mandy Santa Cruz 

3855 Arbor Arbor Santa Cruz 

3856 Sal Palomimo Salinas 

3857 Fatima Palomimo Salinas 

3858 David Simon Santa Cruz 

3859 Antonio Ferreria Santa Cruz 

3860 Karen Ferreira Santa Cruz 

3861 Kasha Thomas Boulder Creek 

3862 Cassandra kelly Sacramento 

3863 Mirtam Salo Campbell 

3884 Nathaniel Wagner Snata Cruz 

3865 Zoddelle Kelly Sacramento 

3866 Joshua kelly Sacramento 

3867 Patrtcia Hoyt San Lorenzo 

3868 Sabrtna Sahlstrom Santa Cruz 

3869 Nicolas Sandoval Santa Cruz 
515 


Insert offset folio 582 here 98942A.484

3870 Maricela Salgundo Santa Clara 

3871 Kanji Nishijima San Mateo 

3872 Morris Cantin Santa Cruz 

3873 socorro Gutierrez Chico, CA 

3874 Jimi M. Santa Barbara 

3875 Amber Ramona Santa Cruz 

3876 Pamela Salazar San Jose, CA 

3877 aly Morrill San Jose, CA 

3878 Kari Kirsch Santa Cruz 

3879 Jen Beachy Ben Lemond 

3880 Mathew Beachy Ben Lemond 

3881 Cristian Castellanos Santa Cruz 

3882 Chris Lynch Santa Cruz 

3883 William Martin Santa Cruz 

3884 Clifford Hacker Santa Cruz 

3885 Olivia Boyce-Abel Santa Cruz 

3886 Justin Burks Santa Cruz 

3887 Chris Connery Santa Cruz 

3888 Doris Kunz Santa Cruz 

3889 Byron Work Santa Cruz 

3890 Ri01y Chriss Aptos 

3891 Craig Suawing Santa Cruz 

3892 Rico Gaker Watsonvill 

3893 David Anish Felton 

3894 Sean Basalyga Santa Cruz 

3895 Danny Potter Santa Cruz 

3896 Kathleen Steven Davenport 

3897 Mylie Ocampo Santa Cruz 

3898 Emma Lee Santa Cruz 

3899 Joanne Noce Santa Cruz 

3900 Jeramy Freimith SantaCruz 

3901 Kayla Beclert Santa Cruz 

3902 Jasper Marino Santa Cruz 

3903 Jason Chao San Jose, CA 

3904 Lena Thaier Santa Cruz 

3905 Mike Emm Santa Cruz 

3906 Karen Oakley Santa Cruz 

3907 Larry Cuba Santa Cruz 

3908 Angela Diamos Santa Clara 

3909 Ryen Hacherson Santa Cruz 

3910 Stephanie Le Santa Cruz 

3911 Michael Jo!son Santa Cruz 

3912 Keith Mchenry Santa Cruz 

3913 Josh Merrill Santa Cruz 

3914 Keith Broneson Santa Cruz 

3915 Jose Armenta Monterey Bay 

3916 Mackenzie Hardy Monterey Bay 

3917 Wes Eastridge Junior Santa Cruz 

3918 ian Mcgregory Santa Cruz 

3919 Diana Gam eros Berkeley 

3920 Neko Goodman Peoria 

3921 Anthony Biondi Alamden 

3922 Sze-wing Lau Santa Cruz 

3923 Ryan Swanson Santa Rosa 

3924 Mijch Bartas Santa Cruz 
516 


Insert offset folio 583 here 98942A.485

3925 Wende Stitt Santa Cruz 

3926 Jon Howlett Boulder Creek 

3927 Kelly Bayer Soquel 

3928 Lia Adams Soquel 

3929 Lisa Johnson Santa Cruz 

3930 Paul Mach lis Felton 

3931 Dan Cony Santa Cruz 

3932 Robert defrettas Santa Cruz 

3933 Harley Eblen Santa Cruz 

3934 Dana Brown Santa Cruz 

3935 Robert Brown Santa Cruz 

3936 Barri Boone Capitola 

3937 Ron Slack Santa Cruz 

3938 Paula Taylor-How!ett Boulder Creek 

3939 Kay Paine Boulder Creek 

3940 Roger Paine Boulder Creek 

3941 Kaili Crawford Scotts Valley 

3942 Ryan Sarnataro Santa Cruz 

3943 Debora Shapiro Santa Cruz 

3944 Tyson Evans Santa Cruz 

3945 Chris Maddox Santa Cruz 

3946 Peter Geochan Santa Cruz 

3947 Portelli Thomas Half Moon Bay 

3948 Ronnie Smith Half Moon Bay 

3949 Lacy Ottenson Carlsbad 

3950 Abraham P. Santa Cruz 

3951 Uri Passin Milo 

3952 Marianne Benforado Soquel 

3953 Sarah Benforado Soquel 

3954 Karen Ellers Santa Cruz 

3955 Darlenee PI ark Santa Cruz 

3956 Krisen Jackson Corpus Christi, TX 

3957 Len Keylin Santa Cruz 

3958 Herb Aarons Canmel Valley 

3959 Joseph Weintraub Santa Cruz 

3960 Dean Karfman Santa Cruz 

3961 David Dieguez Watsonvill 

3962 Regine Frare Bertin, Germany 

3963 Rebecca Dye Ben Lemond 

3964 Cordelia Claras Santa Cruz 

3965 Helayne Balla ban Santa Cruz 

3966 Laura Kussman Santa Cruz 

3967 M. Ridgeway Santa Cruz 

3968 Lynnia Tuckfield Santa Cruz 

3969 Yarrow Jones Bonny Ooon 

3970 Ben Behram San Jose, CA 

3971 Ashley Barnett San Jose, CA 

3972 Arthur Wolfe Annharbor, Ml 

3973 Jesse Sullivan Aptos 

3974 Mira Sullivan Aptos 

3975 Meghan O'Donnell Santa Cruz 

3976 Liz Lee Santa Cruz 

3977 Jessica Oltmans Santa Cruz 

3978 Skylar Brown Santa Cruz 

3979 Bryce Winter Santa Cruz 
517 


Insert offset folio 584 here 98942A.486

3980 Dylan Johnson Santa Cruz 

3981 Tom Argaman Santa Cruz 

3982 Amy White Santa Cruz 

3983 Misha Lamberson Santa Cruz 

3984 Can Broderick Santa Cruz 

3985 Melanie Fames Santa Cruz 

3986 Daniel Jackson Santa Cruz 

3987 lan Herman Santa Cruz 

3988 Vish M Santa Cruz 

3989 James Walker Santa Cruz 

3990 Lucas England Santa Cruz 

3991 Ed v. Capitola 

3992 Troy H. Santa Cruz 

3993 David Felton 

3994 Raymond Philip Santa Cruz 

3995 Sophie Reuel Santa Cruz 

3996 Bernard Murphy Capitola 

3997 s Budai Capitola 

3998 Ann s 3999 Elijah Davis Santa Cruz 

4000 Alexander Messinger Oakland 

4001 Sherra c. Santa Cruz 

4002 Alexandria Palmer Santa Cruz 

4003 Mindy Thomas Santa Cruz 

4004 Karsten Hanssen Santa Cruz 

4005 Peter Underner Santa Cruz 

4006 Aria Brown Santa Cruz 

4007 nm Loomis Santa Cruz 

4008 Pale Decker Santa Cruz 

4009 Eleyah Knight Santa Cruz 

4010 Aislinn Bailey Santa Cruz 

4011 Chris Curran Santa Cruz 

4012 Alene Smith Santa Cruz 

4013 Wendy Macias Boulder Creek 

4014 Frances Nurkse Santa Cruz 

4015 Lee Russ Santa Cruz 

4016 Robert Luquir Santa Cruz 

4017 Mike Espeland Santa Cruz 

4018 Jennie Espeland Santa Cruz 

4019 John Gracia Boulder Creek 

4020 donna UndeiWOod New Orleans 

4021 Shannon Ryerson Elkhorn 

4022 Greg Hansen San Francisco 

4023 Isabella Hansen San Francisco 

4024 Kuen NG San Francisco 

4025 Michael Rineon Santa Cruz 

4026 Beveny May Belmont 

4027 Hal May Belmont 

4028 Matt Welch Felton 

4029 Noemi Betholtz Bonny Doon 

4030 Stan Scott Santa Cruz 

4031 Matthew Vassar Columbus 

4032 Ana Fabio Santa Cruz 

4033 Oeedee Brown Scotts Valley 

4034 Bernice O'Hearon Felton 
518 


Insert offset folio 585 here 98942A.487

4035 Kara Jeffery Santa Cruz 

4036 Tess Greenberg Santa Cruz 

4037 Willa Upshur Santa Cruz 

4038 Sheilah Cummings Santa Cruz 

4039 Casey Briggs Mountain View 

4040 Jacqueline Schultz East Wareham 

4041 Winter Blackstorm Felton 

4042 Devera Ramero Petaluma 

4043 Claudia Nakrio Berkeley 

4044 Andy Paulin Santa Cruz 

4045 Rebecca Stoller Santa Cruz 

4046 Fran Petra Ia Aptos 

4047 Terry Dickey Santa Cruz 

4048 Emmy Fansle Santa Cruz 

4049 Heaven Garcia Rohnert Park 

4050 Jordan Torres San Francisco 

4051 Melissa Figueroa Averial 

4052 Anniken Hansen Aptos 

4053 Bianca Medinilla Aptos 

4054 Thomas Wigginton Davenport 

4055 Pablo Vega Soquel 

4056 Nicole Egan Capitola 

4057 Katie Clark Ben Lomond 

4058 Mathew Logan Ben Lomond 

4059 Mariana Bianchi San Mateo 

4060 Madeleine Silva San Martin 

4061 Lawrence Silva San Martin 

4062 Parker Pilati Modesto 

4063 Bhakta Jesuday Santa Cruz 

4064 Denise Jacobson Santa Cruz 

4065 Kristen Hill Santa Cruz 

4066 Thoa Krawse Santa Cruz 

4067 Imogen Krawse Santa Cruz 

4068 Shelley Williams Boulder Creek 

4069 Carol Erez Ben Lomond 

4070 Necdet Erez Ben Lomond 

4071 Ashley Craig Felton 

4072 Daniel Garcia Aptos 

4073 Samantha Weisser Soquel 

407 4 Rachael Savora Soquel 

4075 Anthony Gargiulo Santa Cruz 

4076 Joeline Paterson Gilroy 

4077 Daniel Paterson Gilroy 

4078 Lisa Foster Watsonville 

4079 Peter Mackeonis Watsonville 

4080 Jessica Breheay Santa Cruz 

4081 Adam Spickler Santa Cruz 

4082 Molly Beckley IL 

4083 Anaisha Das San Jose 

4084 Cristina Allarez Monterey 

4085 Creedance Love Baltimore 

4086 Jalima Y'obulumy Salinas 

4087 Stewart Lamers Santa Cruz 

4088 AI Reetz Santa Cruz 

4089 Jacqueline McElhone Santa Cruz 
519 


Insert offset folio 586 here 98942A.488

4090 Vera Hope Santa Cruz 

4091 Charles May Santa Cruz 

4092 Zachary Kems Santa Cruz 

4093 Lesley Franz Santa Cruz 

4094 Sheilah Malone Santa Cruz 

4095 Aaron Montoya Santa Cruz 

4096 Owen Reshikoff Santa Cruz 

4097 Tammylee Quinlana Los Gatos 

4098 JuHn Fink Kansas 

4099 Bryan Briggs Mountain View 

4100 Fred Keeley Santa Cruz 

4101 Robin Wolfe Felton 

4102 Claudia Williams Boulder Creek 

4103 Sheryl Lane Felton 

4104 Aidan Lane Felton 

4105 Hoyt Fond Sacramento 

4106 Carol Fuller Santa Cruz 

4107 Kathryn Scott Santa Cruz 

4108 Mark Stover Santa Cruz 

4109 Anand! Pagarini Santa Cruz 

4110 Tenaya Jackman Oakland 

4111 Julie Lovins Mountain View 

4112 Carol McCarthy San Jose 

4113 Christine Eckstrom Santa Cruz 

4114 Ben Haid Santa Cruz 

4115 Laci Handle Mount Vernon, WA 

4116 Jason Lanning Mount Vernon, WA 

4117 Allen Wagner Scotts Valley 

4118 Robin Hollinger Santa Cruz 

4119 Chartene Moore Santa Cruz 

4120 Ryan Watt Santa Cruz 

4121 Annemarle Stickles Santa Cruz 

4122 Zach Brown Scotts Valley 

4123 Rob Dehart Santa Cruz 

4124 Robert Martin Aptos 

4125 Karissa Lag may Aptos 

4126 Daniel Brumbaugh Santa Cruz 

4127 Rowland Morin Santa Cruz 

4128 Valentine Lopez Galt 

4129 Cruz Vasquez Madera 

4130 Abran Lopez Napa 

4131 Melissa Pineida Milpitas 

4132 Bonnie Stoehn Santa Cruz 

4133 Dennis Morton Santa Cruz 

4134 James O'Hearon Felton 

4135 Danielle Diet or Fremont 

4136 John Garcia Sacramento 

4137 Taclor Poncin Sacramento 

4138 Hans Lecethold Santa Cruz 

4139 Rocco Cappalla Santa Cruz 

4140 Riley Sheets Santa Cruz 

4141 Madeline Lippman Santa Cruz 

4142 Katherine Upshur Santa Cruz 

4143 Rebecca Singh San Jose 

4144 Jay Jackman Palo Alto 
520 


Insert offset folio 587 here 98942A.489

4145 Pam Koch Menlo Park 

4146 James Purcell Santa Cruz 

4147 Philip Reynolds Santa Cruz 

4148 Maria Luisa Buak Aptos 

4149 Kelly Kumec Santa Cruz 

4150 Anthony Edwards San Jose 

4151 Joshua R. Iaflamme Ben Lomond 

4152 Nicolas Cardenas Nevmall 

4153 Ben Cardenas Nevmall 

4154 Vince Cerruit Costa Mesa 

41.55 Emiliano Montoya Santa Cruz 

4156 Laz Pomeranta Campbell 

4157 Beth Holland Santa Cruz 

4158 Loves Martinez Cobb 

4159 Jason Eagle Santa Cruz 

4160 Panica Nuovo San Jose 

4161 John Nuovo San Jose 

4162 Jesse Clark Capitola 

4163 Steve Belmont Santa Cruz 

4164 Daniela Prosue Pleasanton 

4165 Robert Palmer Capitola 

4166 Lauren Turner Santa Cruz 

4167 Emma Kiely Santa Cruz 

4168 Dillon Kiely Santa Cruz 

4169 Julie Carpenter Felton 

4170 Rodney Barnes Ben Lomond 

4171 Diane Tognazzini Santa Cruz 

4172 Abigail Jones Santa Cruz 

4173 Martin Buak Aptos 

4174 Taylor Joseph Santa Cruz 

4175 Joe madden Santa Cruz 

4176 Rioza madden Santa Cruz 

4177 Connor Simmons San Jose 

4178 Tatgger Trisser SantaCruz 

4179 Erika Kindluno Santa Cruz 

4180 Wyatt Triggen Santa Cruz 

4181 Michelle Waters Santa Cruz 

4182 Carrol H. Capitola 

4183 Craig Himmelwright Santa Cruz 

4184 Lynda Marin Santa Cruz 

4185 Chuck Stein Santa Cruz 

4186 Mike Borg San Jose 

4187 Clarice Fiddler Menlo Park 

4188 Dale Horelick Menlo Park 

4189 Peg Popken Santa Cruz 

4190 Anna Stewart Santa Cruz 

4191 Julie Leding Marina 

4192 Karalee Richter Santa Cruz 

4193 Kinan Oletu Santa Cruz 

41941ra Epstein Orange County 

4195 Russell Hofventahl Santa Cruz 

4196 Colleen Wise! Santa Cruz 

4197 Patrick Bateman Santa Cruz 

4198 Scott Eerkes Santa Cruz 

4199 Mark Poteet Santa Cruz 
521 


Insert offset folio 588 here 98942A.490

4200 Larry Wilson Santa Cruz 

4201 Evin Gultepe San Jose 

4202 Utru Kemiktarak San Jose 

4203 Chris Pomerantz San Jose 

4204 Lindsay Bass Santa Cruz 

4205 Mason Martinez Santa Cruz 

4206 Taylor Pearson Kings Canyon 

4207 Elana Lade NY 

4208 Lidia Cruz Santa Cruz 

4209 Michael Ostash San Luis Obispo 

4210 Mellissa Ostash San Luis Obispo 

4211 Janice Quinten Santa Cruz 

4212 Joaquin Nugle Bonny Doon 

4213 Maximilian Schiroeck Scotts Valley 

4214 Ben Rice Santa Cruz 

4215 Gabliella Jones Santa Cruz 

4216 Quan Trang Santa Cruz 

4217 Glenn Stewart Santa Cruz 

4218 Hector Robles Santa Cruz 

4219 Yala Cisneros Montoya Santa Cruz 

4220 Stephen Rosenthal Watsonville 

4221 Lily Welp Santa Cruz 

4222 Jonathan Mireles Santa Barbara 

4223 Luis Mireles Santa Cruz 

4224 Joel Robinson Santa Cruz 

4225 John Hammond Santa Cruz 

4226 Mike Duckworth Aptos 

4227 Leonard Deddo Redmond,WA 

4228 Patsy Johnson Santa Cruz 

4229 Amy Randy Santa Cruz 

4230 Bob Groves Scotts Valley 

4231 AJexyss McClellan Santa Cruz 

4232 Andrea Morales Santa Cruz 

4233 Francesca s. Santa Cruz 

4234 Rich Williams Santa Cruz 

4235 Karren Zook Santa Cruz 

4236 Gene Ratchiffe Felton 

4237 Cindy Rubin Aptos 

4238 Brian Rosenthal Aptos 

4239 Nina Moore Felton 

4240 Bradley Stance Aptos 

4241 Michael Curnett Bonny Doon 

4242 Sidney Gaper Santa Cruz 

4243 Lauren Ross Santa Cruz 

4244 Maddie Tyler Santa Cruz 

4245 Laura Bader Santa Cruz 

4246 Peter Swarzenski Santa Cruz 

4247 Ron Munger Santa Cruz 

4248 Steven Winchltell Santa Cruz 

4249 Patlicia Duffy Boulder Creek 

4250 Valerie George Santa Cruz 

4251 Dana Crompton Santa Cruz 

4252 Andy Carman Santa Cruz 

4253 Caroline Trent Santa Cruz 

4254 Ronald Swanson Pamee 
522 


Insert offset folio 589 here 98942A.491

4255 Charles Tremper Santa Cruz 

4256 Mark Alana Santa Cruz 

4257 Marina Pavlova Campbell 

4258 Kristina Carter Aptos 

4259 Javier Natividad Aptos 

4260 Jennifer Larkin Santa Cruz 

4261 Andrew Moore Santa Cruz 

4262 linh Dang Santa Cruz 

4263 J.M. Brown Capitola 

4264 Tim Merrel Santa Cruz 

4265 Angela Malia Santa Cruz 

4266 Katharine Parker Capitola 

4267 Richard Am old Santa Cruz 

4268 Randle Silverstein Santa Cruz 

4269 Matt jannston Santa Cruz 

4270 Neidin Henard Santa Cruz 

4271 Joseph Henard Santa Cruz 

4272 Lance Wexler Scotts Valley 

4273 Marla Luisa Wexler Scotts Valley 

4274 Miread O'keefe Campbell 

4275 Edmonn Baker Campbell 

4276 Rowan Baker Campbell 

4277 Jason Baker Campbell 

4278 John Dimarco Campbell 

4279 Anne-Louise Vernon Campbell 

4280 Gerald Kuszak Campbell 

4281 Aki Snelling Fremont 

4282 Laura Moore Campbell 

4283 Todd Walter Campbell 

4284 Joelle Hernandez Campbell 

4285 Mia Hernandez Campbell 

4286 David McParland Campbell 

4287 Connor Murray Scotts Valley 

4288 Anthony Abruzzini Scotts Valley 

4289 Denise Wong San Jose 

4290 Valerie Ogawa San Jose 

4291 Lor Loftus Ben Lomond 

4292 Jim Musical Ben Lomond 

4293 Steve Taylor Santa Cruz 

4294 Darel Shuman Santa Cruz 

4295 Sophia Part< Santa Cruz 

4296 Raquel Concha Santa Cruz 

4297 Evie Netro Santa Cruz 

4298 Amanda Ares Santa Cruz 

4299 Allen Wag nor Scotts Valley 

4300 Betsy Riker Santa Cruz 

4301 Dave South Santa Cruz 

4302 Luisa Hacklood Santa Cruz 

4303 Brent Haddad Santa Cruz 

4304 Ethan Miller Santa Cruz 

4305 Joel Rigler Santa Cruz 

4306 Sara Rigler Scotts Valley 

4307 Celsa Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

4308 Luetta Smith Santa Cruz 

4309 Amy Smith Santa Cruz 
523 


Insert offset folio 590 here 98942A.492

4310 Fred Keeley Santa Cruz 

4311 Barbara Herrlich Santa Cruz 

4312 Mueller Giesen Aptos 

4313 David Press Santa Cruz 

4314 Bill Aragona Aptos 

4315 Ronald Sekkel Ben Lomond 

4316 Cynthia Sekkel Ben Lomond 

4317 Pete Rode Santa Cruz 

4318 Magdalena Ramirez Santa Cruz 

4319 Donna Murphy Santa Cruz 

4320 Mark Mesith~Miller Santa Cruz 

4321 Henry Carter Santa Cruz 

4322 Lisa Cakten Santa Cruz 

4323 Ertka Pertans Santa Cruz 

4324 Hannah Perkins Santa Cruz 

4325 Laurie Olsen Berkeley 

4326 Julie Olsen Edwards Soquel 

4327 Michael Margelis Berkeley 

4328 Deena P. Santa cruz 

4329 Heather Pint Santa Cruz 

4330 Jessica Middour Santa Cruz 

4331 Randal Kleis Aptos 

4332 Willie Morgali Santa Cruz 

4333 Maggi Figueroa Santa Cruz 

4334 Gabie Figueroa Santa Cruz 

4335 Marta Rico Santa Cruz 

4336 Randal Kleis Aptos 

4337 Willie Morgali Santa Cruz 

4338 Maggi Figueroa Santa Cruz 

4339 Gabie Figueroa Santa Cruz 

4340 Herman Mantas Danville 

4341 Carole Lindner Aptos 

4342 John Biclcle San Bruno 

4343 Eileen Beaudry Santa Cruz 

4344 Heather Cline Santa Cruz 

4345 Lauren King Hicks Santa Cruz 

4346 Jason Nevin Santa Cruz 

4347 Craig Polson Santa Cruz 

4348 Leah Roschelle Santa Cruz 

4349 Isabel Dees Santa Cruz 

4350 Teo Dees Santa Cruz 

4351 Tomas Dees Santa Cruz 

4352 Eddy Dees Santa Cruz 

4353 Sufi Fox Santa Cruz 

4354 Beve~ey Bryant Los Gatos 

4355 Ford Can berg Santa Cruz 

4356 Heidi McGough Santa Cruz 

4357 Zoe Pais Santa Cruz 

4358 Hannah Pais Santa Cruz 

4359 David Pais Santa Cruz 

4360 Emily Glanville Santa Cruz 

4361 Peter Whitford Live Oaks, SC 

4362 Javier Demartino Hontington Beach 

4363 Henry Thynh Santa Cruz 

4364 Jim G Sonoma 
524 


Insert offset folio 591 here 98942A.493

4365 Barb G Sonoma 

4366 Alan Fernandez Santa Cruz 

4367 Lyla Hinds Santa Cruz 

4368 Rowan lindenfeld Santa Cruz 

4369 Douglas Watenpool Santa Cruz 

4370 Jenette Yang Newark 

4371 Alison Hobbs Santa Cruz 

4372 Abigail Mendez Santa Cruz 

4373 Brandon Douglas Oakland 

4374 Simon Sherrod San Jose 

4375 Katherine Rusmore Aptos 

4376 Roger Kreiburg Santa Cruz 

4377 Royce Gittings San Diego 

4378 Allen Jones Aptos 

4379 Neil Schaefer Santa Cruz 

4380 Rebecca Epifano Los Angeles 

4381 Marloy Humprier Santa Cruz 

4382 Diego Castillo Santa Cruz 

4383 Chris Giles Santa Cruz 

4384 Eve Ortiz Aptos 

4385 Daniello Demartino Santa Cruz 

4386 Martha Marin Fresno 

4387 Hieu Tran Santa Cruz 

4388 Cole Sm~h Denver 

4389 Sawyer Smith Denver 

4390 Amma Smith Denver 

4391 Frank Barron Santa Cruz 

4392 Paul Bielskis Santa Cruz 

4393 Greg Powers Santa Cruz 

4394 Olivia Fernandez Palo Alto 

4395 Alana Fernandez Palo Alto 

4396 Karen Kefaura Santa Cruz 

4397 Lynn Drittenbas Santa Cruz 

4398 K Greswal Monterey 

4399 Brendan Crahan Santa Cruz 

4400 Marina G. Santa Cruz 

4401 Carne Aniechay Santa Cruz 

4402 Rocque Em Bonny Doon 

4403 Pete CMwright La Selva 

4404 Jazalyn Pina Aptos 

4405 Sephora Flores Aptos 

4406 Boris M. San Mateo 

4407 Nick Makeras San Mateo 

4408 Mary Winters Soquel 

4409 Jeff Stallings Soquel 

4410 Julia Philips Waterville, OH 

4411 May Benison Stockton 

4412 Scott Orilon Stockton 

4413 Alicia Beard Watsonville 

4414 Nata Zacharian Santa Cruz 

4415 Michael Kostowskyt Aptos 

4416 J.W. Matlin Salinas 

4417 Rachel Newman Santa Cruz 

4418 Richard H Santa Cruz 

4419 Sabre Bruffy Santa Cruz 
525 


Insert offset folio 592 here 98942A.494

4420 David Trujillo Santa Cruz 

4421 Joy Binch Santa Cruz 

4422 Laura sutherland Santa Cruz 

4423 Mary Jennings Santa Cruz 

4424 Alonzo Nobal Santa Cruz 

4425 Stephanie Gittings San Diego 

4426 Robert Libbee San Malin 

4427 Vanessa Lopez Santa Cruz 

4428 Stephanie Aran Ramona 

4429 Sky Gomez Santa Cruz 

4430 Irene Nunez Santa Cruz 

4431 Adrienne Bolles Santa Cruz 

4432 Cj Colin Santa Cruz 

4433 Noge Vilozuy Santa Cruz 

4434 Akeida Lewis Mount Hermon 

4435 Dominic Gray Monterey 

4436 Bruce Diamond Santa Cruz 

4437 Rosy Corado Santa Cruz 

4438 Brianna Savroniartz Santa Cruz 

4439 Karina Lehmer Santa Cruz 

4440 J. fung Hong Kong 

4441 Joyce Kutcher Santa Cruz 

4442 Aaron Kal Concord 

4443 Eric Heckart Santa Cruz 

4444 Deborah Heckart Brooklyn, NY 

4445 Jim Winters Soquel 

4446 Tony Barroso Santa Cruz 

4447 Adriana James Monterey 

4448 Rosemary Sabino Blodget Chico 

4449 Samuel Maddril Santa Cruz 

4450 Brandon Michcaux Santa Cruz 

4451 Ross Diethnick Felton 

4452 B. Roades Santa Cruz 

4453 Lori Green La Selva Beach 

4454 Jana McCollam Ogden, UT 

4455 John Lacitignola Santa Clara 

4456 Brad Jones Santa Cruz 

4457 Cindy Lopez Antioch 

4458 Ale B Ripon 

4459 Seanre Sanchez Santee 

4460 Evan Sanchez Santee 

4461 Kaylah Sanchez Santee 

4462 Monica Mukai San Juan Capistrano 

4463 Charisse Prince Santa Cruz 

4464 Amit Prince Santa Cruz 

4465 Colin Clyde Santa Cruz 

4466 Bryan Covarrubias Santa Cruz 

4467 Dawn Passaro Soquel 

4468 Kim Tran San Jose 

4469 Russel Thomas Santa Clara 

4470 Cecile Andrews Santa Clara 

4471 Hannah HUbbard Monterey 

4472 Stephen Piazza San Jose 

4473 Gilbert Martinez San Jose 

4474 Rebecca Roberts Santa Cruz 
526 


Insert offset folio 593 here 98942A.495

4475 Regina Pao Santa Cruz 

4476 Terrance Robinson Santa Cruz 

4477 Susan Anderson Santa Cruz 

4478 John Ralllo'iingson Santa Cruz 

4479 Ana Martinez Santa Cruz 

4480 Lonns Marino Santa Cruz 

4481 Eva Gustapson Santa Cruz 

4482 John Sweeney Santa Cruz 

4483 Denis Kibe Santa Cruz 

4484 Ruffin Canos Santa Cruz 

4485 Derek Vargas Santa Cruz 

4486 Samantha Macedo Stockton 

4487 Ariana Nor1ing Stockton 

4488 Haley Hackbarth Santa Cruz 

4489 Jorge Verar-Garcia Santa Cruz 

4490 Chanes Sanchez San Diego 

4491 Johny Salas Santa Cruz 

4492 Jessica Alipio Santa Cruz 

4493 Sergio Palacios Santa Cruz 

4494 Yusuf Ashaq Santa Cruz 

4495 Ryan Baker capitola 

4496 Andrew Bergstrom Santa Cruz 

4497 Hoku Prince Santa Cruz 

4498 Yahia Khan Santa Cruz 

4499 Willie Griffin Santa Cruz 

4500 Hayley Garcia La Selva Beach 

4501 Kaiwon Cher Livermore 

4502 Sophie Ortiz Aptos 

4503 Madeleine Conway Santa Cruz 

4504 Josh Adams Santa Cruz 

4505 Raynce Kobley Santa Cruz 

4506 Bryce Redding Santa Cruz 

4507 Paul Andrace Santa Cruz 

4508 Bryson Abel Placerville 

4509 Candace Towery Santa Cruz 

4510 Zane Montiz Santa Cruz 

4511 Jocelyn Lopez Watsonville 

4512 Jacob Snow Watsonville 

4513 Jasmine Nagai Santa Cruz 

4514 Caroline Matteson Santa Cruz 

4515 Max Walker Santa Cruz 

4516 Alison Shinh Walnut Creek 

4517 Sergio 

4518 Mariah Sanchez Santa Cruz 

4519 Merissa Sanchez Santa Cruz 

4520 John McConner Livermore 

4521 Bobby Markowrts Soquel 

4522 Latt Sieving San Francisco 

4523 Bridget Yount Santa Cruz 

4524 Pam Rabut Chico 

4525 Cathy Jenswold Chico 

4526 Paul Raht Chico 

4527 Comella O'Connor Patasonia, AZ. 

4528 Dan Jackman Davenport 

4529 Nasim Kitauari Palo Alto 
527 


Insert offset folio 594 here 98942A.496

4530 Paul Kitauari Palo Alto 

4531 Joshua Stillwell Santa Cruz 

4532 Justine Patrick Santa Cruz 

4533 Danielle Carrillo San Jaun Bautista 

4534 Brtan lmelard Santa Cruz 

4535 Jai Crael Santa Cruz 

4536 James Esche Santa Cruz 

4537 Colin Bockman Watsonville 

4538 Chalino Sanchez Oakland 

4539 Tanya Nickles Oakland 

4540 Danielle Eny Alameda 

4541 Milton Abbott Santa Cruz 

4542 Aaron Kouhman Boise, ID 

4543 Nicola Carpentr Monterey 

4544 Ken Walker San Martin 

4545 Jason Malaluz Santa Cruz 

4546 Crtstopher Morgan Los Angelse 

4547 Thomas Onan Santa Cruz 

4548 Dianne Oayer Santa Cruz 

4549 Marie Cabillas Soquel 

4550 Antonio Verrico Burligame 

4551 David Chandler live Oak 

4552 Canmen Palacios Santa Cruz 

4553 Alexander Jackson Santa Cruz 

4554 Meredith Davis Santa Cruz 

4555 Ben Clayden Santa Cruz 

4556 Elizabeth Napoli Scotts Valley 

4557 Kevin McFentee Scotts Valley 

4558 Nikos Maheras Burligame 

4559 Jonathan Rivera Santa Cruz 

4560 Rick Takenchi Palo Alto 

4561 Edward Wolanin Encinitas 

4562 Silvan Fox Santa Cruz 

4563 Jody Allen Santa Cruz 

4564 Akita canton Santa Cruz 

4565 Ta Siyah Pithey Santa Cruz 

4566 Debra Menges Aptos 

4567 Edward Menges Aptos 

4568 Chrts Gallion Los Gatos 

4569 Dooy Gallion Los Gatos 

4570 Michael Brown Santa Cruz 

4571 Kory Schmidli Atwater 

4572 Miles Woodward Ben Lomond 

4573 Raphael Reuben Felton 

4574 Hannah robles Santa Cruz 

4575 Felix Robles Santa Cruz 

4576 Thomas Watson Santa Cruz 

4577 Janet Thelen Santa Cruz 

4578 Simon Longstaff Lanoke, AR 

4579 Bonnie Bums Marina 

4580 David Rogers Santa Cruz 

4581 Liliana Kovacs Santa Cruz 

4582 Julianna Chavez Santa Cruz 

4583 Deborah Walker Walnut Creek 

4584 Kathleen Olsen Santa Cruz 
528 


Insert offset folio 595 here 98942A.497

4585 Abby Cornel! Grass Valley 

4586 Ruby Gonzalez Watsonville 

4587 James Sm~h Santa Cruz 

4588 Ronald Phillips Santa Cruz 

4589 Ka~hlin Dauty Santa Cruz 

4590 Alexandra Henry Santa Cruz 

4591 Courtney w Santa Cruz 

4592 Deanne Boume Concord 

4593 Paige Evans Oakland 

4594 Manji AI-Nasrt 

4595 Tom Leitzke Santa Cruz 

4596 Jacob Chen rick Santa Cruz 

4597 Matthous Maut Santa Cruz 

4598 Ngil Hickman Santa Cruz 

4599 Snow Maestas Santa Cruz 

4600 Robert Byram Santa Cruz 

4601 Paul A Santa Cruz 

4602 Juan Vazquez Santa Cruz 

4603 Thais Hogarth Santa Cruz 

4604 Victorta Beekley Moss Landing 

4605 Danielle Williamson Santa Cruz 

4606 Seth Andrews Santa Cruz 

4607 Oeron Williams Los Angeles 

4608 Flliot Clark Santa Cruz 

4609 Marcos Lozoya Santa Cruz 

4610 Trula Hickman Santa Cruz 

4611 Michelle Hickman Morris town, NJ 

4612 Brooks Reed Cambridge, MA 

4613 Mike Bencze Santa Cruz 

4614 Alejandro Ayaila Santa Cruz 

4615 Connor Reed Santa Cruz 

4616 Kenny Nguyen Milpitas 

4617 Marcelino Diaz San Jose 

4618 Sal Galeana San Jose 

4619 Avjay Death side Watsonville 

4620 Alex Ceja Watsonville 

4621 Mario Zamdio Watsonville 

4622 Ken Miller Aptos 

4623 Andrea Miller Aptos 

4624 Kevin Kahn Santa Cruz 

4625 Jessica Kahn Santa Cruz 

4626 Jamie Epstein Santa Cruz 

4627 Rebekah Howard Santa Cruz 

4628 early Tyler Soquel 

4629 Sophie Castteten Tahoe 

4630 Michaelyn Logue Santa Cruz 

4631 Michael Lo Aptos 

4632 Henry Rossbacher Ventura 

4633 Elizabeth Rssbacher Ventura 

4634 Michelle Kevng San Francisco 

4635 Kenny lam San Francisco 

4636 Morgan Kwong San Francisco 

4637 Jason Xie San Francisco 

4638 Michael Lam San Francisco 

4639 Denise Nguyen San Francisco 
529 


Insert offset folio 596 here 98942A.498

4640 Sandy Nguyen San Jose 

4641 Tresa Wrenson San Mateo 

4642 Jill Chiu Santa Clara 

4643 Evan Dailey Santa Cruz 

4644 Megan Barrett Santa Cruz 

4645 Darlene Khalafi Santa Cruz 

4646 Emily Meehan Santa Cruz 

4647 Aimee Shunney Santa Cruz 

4648 David Colwell SantaCruz 

4649 Bahari Ph am Santa Cruz 

4650 Clara Waygaudt Santa Cruz 

4651 Susan Locks Santa Cruz 

4652 Morman Locks Santa Cruz 

4653 Case Bryan Luis Watsonville 

4654 Chloe Luis Watsonville 

4655 Kyle Luis Watsonville 

4656 Pamela Luis Watsonville 

4657 Chathy Hecks Santa Cruz 

4658 Hayley Civian Santa Cruz 

4659 Mark Shunney Santa Cruz 

4660 Jill Barde Aptos 

4661 Barry s Campbell 

4662 Drell Penniman Truckee 

4663 M Anderson Aptos 

4664 Armand Ruby Santa Cruz 

4665 Tera Kelley SantaCruz 

4666 Elfe Kuesters Boulder Creek 

4667 M Lay Aptos 

4668 Scott Dailem Santa Cruz 

4669 Booys Ca Santa Cruz 

4670 Wally Stephen Soquel 

4671 Tegan Speiser Capitola 

4672 Josef Melton Watsonville 

4673 Sarah Melton Watsonville 

4674 Henzel A Watsonville 

4675 Pat Wells Santa Cruz 

4676 Mel Kinder Santa Cruz 

4677 Fernando Garcia Santa Cruz 

4678 Brandon Hernandez Santa Cruz 

4679 Don Nielsen Davenport 

4680 Stuart Kitayama La Scala 

4681 Dora c Santa Cruz 

4682 Ann Tan Watsonville 

4683 Phil Duval Santa Cruz 

4664 Chartes Kieffer Watsonville 

4685 Georgann Scally Santa Cruz 

4686 Barney Levy Santa Cruz 

4687 Curt Simmons Santa Cruz 

4688 Rd Newman Capitola 

4689 Aaron Steckley Santa Cruz 

4690 Maggie Mathias SantaCruz 

4691 Beth Mckenion Santa Cruz 

4692 Kaithlen Pols Santa Cruz 

4693 Eris Nelson Alamo 

4694 Patty Nelson Alamo 
530 


Insert offset folio 597 here 98942A.499

4695 Paul Navapbpour Santa Cruz 

4696Lucy Navapbpour Santa Cruz 

4697 Hayley Jackson Santa Cruz 

4698 Julie Esterly Santa Cruz 

4699 Pavithra Ravi Santa Cruz 

4 700 Saisurat Bathyea Harris 

4701 Mara H Pheonix 

4702 Fey H Pheonix 

4703 Uma H Pheonix 

4704 Terry Case Santa Cruz 

4705 Amber Buswman Santa Cruz 

4706 William Lewis Santa Cruz 

4707 Ronald Bader Santa Cruz 

4708 Laura Parks Santa Cruz 

4709 Joel Kerbby Santa Cruz 

4710 John Spaur San Jose 

4711 Dan Tischcek San Jose 

4712 les Seltzer Santa Cruz 

4713 Dan Thrkus Monte Sereno 

4714 Diane Hanania San Juan Bautista 

4715 Robert Mendiola San Juan Bautista 

4716 Dennis Nolan Fremont 

4717 John Brown Santa Clara 

4718 Rene Barone Santa Cruz 

4719 Kenneth Elvin San Jose 

4 720 Katherine Elvin San Jose 

4721 Zachary Mazi Santa Cruz 

4 722 Richard Rammer Santa Cruz 

4723 Susan Labiste Santa Cruz 

4724 Debra Johnson Santa Cruz 

4725 Robert Wynn Felton 

4 726 Cassandra Fuentes Santa Cruz 

4727 Jane Eng Santa Cruz 

4728 Chris Ross Los Gatos 

4729 Nina Turk Aptos 

4730 Babette Turk Aptos 

4731 Justin Pierce Freedom 

4732 Andrea Wilson Freedom 

4733 Randall Labaure Santa Cruz 

4 734 Michael Meditzoy Santa Cruz 

4735 Nate Werdmlller Soquel 

4736 Mateo Blackman Soquel 

4737 M Collns Soquel 

4738 Miller Nink Soquel 

4739 Mary Mcoinn Aptos 

4740 Steve Salas Santa Cruz 

4741 Bricele Aguilar Watsonville 

4742 Braclo Franko Watsonville 

4743 Martha Steven Scottsdale,AZ 

4744 Chelsea Curtin Santa Cruz 

4745 Joyce Carol! Soquel 

4746 Don Carroll Soquel 

4747 james Lovely Capitola 

4748 linda campbell Capitola 

4749 Carol Cheders Live Oak 
531 


Insert offset folio 598 here 98942A.500

4750 Tamty Barnard Corralitos 

4751 Levi Barnard Corralitos 

4752 Leilani Allen Davenport 

4753 Chandier Escobar Davenport 

4754 Blake Balmer Santa Cruz 

4755 Eric Liao Santa Cruz 

4756 Alex Lee Santa Cruz 

4757 David Mai Santa Cruz 

4758 Ray Chen Santa Cruz 

4759 Vemisa Washington Santa Cruz 

4760 Stephanie Hawkins Santa Cruz 

4761 Richard Sa in Santa Cruz 

4762 Shantel Amundson Santa Cruz 

4763 Ruben Barrack Santa Cruz 

4764 Susana Orozo Santa Cruz 

4765 Melanie Springer Santa Cruz 

4766 Sue Crosby Northridge 

4767 Nikita Hudson VanNuys, CA 

4768 ian Crosby Northridge 

4769 Robert Crosby Northridge 

4770 Mal Lee Santa Cruz 

4771 Chelsey Otis Santa Cruz 

4772 Ramon Morale Santa Cruz 

4773 John Kaltenstein Santa Cruz 

4774 Araceli Hernandez SantaCruz 

4775 Isaac Ruelas Hernandez Santa Cruz 

4776 Aaron Hernandez Santa Cruz 

4777 Gabrielle Bums Santa Cruz 

4778 Avery Robins Santa Cruz 

4779 Enooh Cincotta Harrisburg, PA 

4780 Elise Mahoney Santa Cruz 

4781 John B Aptos 

4782 John Bergh Aptos 

4783 Ben Jackson santa Cruz 

4784 lallola Garcia Santa Cruz 

4785 Jiolet Scott Santa Cruz 

4786 Henry Crawfords Aptos 

4787 Jacob De Ia luuz Watsonville 

4788 Vet McGrinn Watsonville 

4789 Kelly McGrinn Watsonville 

4790 Chase Herdt Aptos 

4791 Tristen Tunsen Capitola 

4792 David Butler Santa Cruz 

4793 Virginia Herrera Santa Cruz 

4794 Zach Morton Santa Cruz 

4795 James Slotvlck Santa Cruz 

4796 Austin Kricensky Santa Cruz 

4797 Amanda Currier Santa Cruz 

4798 Forrest Prosser Santa Cruz 

4799 Riyki Porter Santa Cruz 

4800 Lon Hobbs Santa Cruz 

4801 Shona Allen Santa Cruz 

4802 Kaye Adam 

4803 William No! an Santa Cruz 

4804 Jessica Wizman Santa Cruz 
532 


Insert offset folio 599 here 98942A.501

4805 Bruce Dorfman Los Angeles 

4806 Joanne Dorfman Los Angeles 

4807 Cathleen Hayock Bakersfield 

4808 Sanjeev Advani Bakersfield 

4809 Evan Bass Bakersfield 

4810 Clara Lerum-Fisher Santa Cruz 

4811 Msilen lit-Tari Santa Cruz 

4812 Maya Nauf Santa Cruz 

4813 Sarah Hornsby Santa Cruz 

4814 Michael Morales Santa Cruz 

4815 August Valeria Daly City 

4816 Aykezar Adil Sunnyvale 

4817 Seamus Howard Santa Cruz 

4818 Jose Cadenas Santa Cruz 

4819 Yang Kong Santa Cruz 

4820 Simba Khatder Santa Cruz 

4821 Sereme Jheid Santa Cruz 

4822 Roxanna Gutierrez Santa Cruz 

4823 Colin Hortman Santa Cruz 

4824 Kyra Brandt Santa Cruz 

4825 Ricardo Sam Santa Cruz 

4826 Haedyn Christie Santa Cruz 

4827 Winperraz Sichue Santa Cruz 

4828 Jacquelyn Roger Santa Cruz 

4829 Elizabeth Medikor Santa Cruz 

4830 Andrew Jacobs Riverside 

4831 Jasmine Embry Santa Cruz 

4832 Xinyard Wang Santa Cruz 

4833 David Pleth Santa Cruz 

4834 Perry Fein Santa Cruz 

4835 Guillermo Rogel Santa Cruz 

4836 Amanda Kazden Santa Cruz 

4837 Rohit Dhar Santa Cruz 

4838 Louise Cabansay Santa Cruz 

4839 Maria Aguirre Santa Cruz 

4840 Eileen O'shaughnessy Santa Cruz 

4841 Chance Pringle Santa Cruz 

4842 stella Fronics SantaCruz 

4843 Phil Rockey Aptos 

4844 Brtan Sliggett Santa Cruz 

4845 Amy Fetton Santa Cruz 

4846 New! Laghok 

4847 Cathleen Eckhar Soquel 

4848 Hector Hernandez Watsonvile 

4849 Calvin Lee La Selva 

4850 Lea Hastings Watsonvile 

4851 Margaret Adells Watsonvile 

4852 Betty Johns Watsonvile 

4853 Kat Mnni San Francisco 

4854 Kelly Foos Aptos 

4855 Sophie Allen Aptos 

4856 Bill Fernald Mount Hermon 

4857 Landon Fernald Mount Hermon 

4858 Caroline Nashvile Seaside 

4859 Randy p Santa Cruz 
533 


Insert offset folio 600 here 98942A.502

4860 Ryan Wortman Santa Cruz 

4861 Georgina Dmar SantaCruz 

4862 Ed cartton Santa Cruz 

4863 Bobbi Bums Santa Cruz 

4864 Stefany Lara Santa Cruz 

4865 Beau Meimban Santa Cruz 

4866 Gonzevo Haro Hayward 

4867 Andrea Tsang Cupertino 

4868 Angelina Escalera Santa Cruz 

4869 Sarah Am a ton Manteca 

4870 Mark Ruiz Tracy 

4871 Victorta Mannah Santa Cruz 

4872 Terry Eckhart Soquel 

4873 Bud Colligan Santa Cruz 

4874 Joni Morgan Soquel 

4875 Albert Clarke Aptos 

4876 Spencer Clarke Aptos 

4877 Susan Clarke Aptos 

4878 Michael Pramuk Santa Cruz 

4879 Scott Pramuk Santa Cruz 

4880 Teresa Kidwiler SantaCruz 

4881 Carolyn Hyat Santa Cruz 

4882 Rita Wade Worth Soquel 

4883 John Katz Soquel 

4884 Raqiblym Katz Soquel 

4885 Halle Katz Soquel 

4886 Andrea Katz Soquel 

4887 Mackenzie Sokol Santa Cruz 

4888 Jeremy Mathews SantaCruz 

4889 Scott Orsir Santa Cruz 

4890 Sandra Locatelli Santa Cruz 

4891 Mia Locatelli Santa Cruz 

4892 Roxanne Reed Aptos 

4893 Jeff Reed Aptos 

4894 Brandon Wonder Aptos 

4895 Drew Jitt Hayward 

4896 Nick Mccullar Redwood 

4897 Zelma Fennell Santa Cruz 

4898 Johaan Ryterg Soquel 

4899 Colleen lermini Santa Cruz 

4900 Andre A Salinas 

4901 Roman Hernandez Salinas 

4902 Bill Wright Austin, TX 

4903 Dan Tran Santa Cruz 

4904 John Lee Santa Cruz 

4905 Justin Hogg Santa Cruz 

4906 Matthew Wrinovics Santa Cruz 

4907 Steve Wong Santa Cruz 

4908 Pam T Santa Cruz 

4909 David Baker Santa Cruz 

4910 Amy Howk Santa Cruz 

4911 Sunny Sanoff Santa Cruz 

4912 Kitty Hansen Capitola 

4913 Flo Schil!e Live Oak 

4914 Auddrena Manoza Santa Cruz 
534 


Insert offset folio 601 here 98942A.503

4915 Veronika Harmon Santa Cruz 

4916 Joseph Rodriguez Tracy 

4917 Diego Picazo Santa Cruz 

4918 Federico Picazo Santa Cruz 

4919 Monika Gauther Aptos 

4920 Rohan Gauther Aptos 

4921 Israel Osona Aptos 

4922 lsiah Osona Aptos 

4923 Monika Mardozle Santa Cruz 

4924 Mike Martin Richmond 

4925 Lindsey Daran Santa Cruz 

4926 Abigail Young Santa Cruz 

4927 Katherine Coatney Aptos 

4928 Uam Martin Aptos 

4929 Kelly Moore Santa Cruz 

4930 Keith Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

4931 Jackie Nunez Santa Cruz 

4932 Brian Eddy Santa Cruz 

4933 Chris Lastitoma Santa Cruz 

4934 Lenore Young Santa Cruz 

4935 Florenne Phippaz Santa Cruz 

4936 Jason Allison Santa Cruz 

4937 Kamala Florio Scotts Valley 

4938 Brian Copo Santa Cruz 

4939 Fernando Velasco Santa Cruz 

4940 Mikie Whitten Santa Cruz 

4941 Darcy SWinnerson Campbell 

4942 Scott Harrison Santa Cruz 

4943 Silvester Onofre Soledad 

4944 Christian Onofre Soledad 

4945 Tom Johnson Soquel 

4946 Brittney Barrios Santa Cruz 

4947 Scott Velasquez Santa Cruz 

4948 Todd Crecmen Scotts Valley 

4949 Carlos Trevino Ben lomond 

4950 April Weyhl Felton 

4951 Tom Lopez Santa Cruz 

4952 Mike Walton Santa Cruz 

4953 George Fells Santa Cruz 

4954 Gabriela Fells Santa Cruz 

4955 Roman Garcia Santa Cruz 

4956 Jacob Hbfalter Brentwood 

4957 Grace Malasan Pittsburg 

4958 Juan Wilson Santa Cruz 

4959 Eli Wills Santa Cruz 

4960 lcasana Barrs Santa Cruz 

4961 Maria Mendoza Monterey 

4962 Sara Crane Santa Cruz 

4963 Brad Lyman Santa Cruz 

4964 Erin Joo Santa Cruz 

4965 Ryan Brandt Santa Cruz 

4966 Marl Brandt Santa Cruz 

4967 Amber G. Santa Cruz 

4968 Jeremy Crowe Santa Cruz 

4969 Lesley Snyder Ben Lomond 
535 


Insert offset folio 602 here 98942A.504

4970 Noel Little Johns Ben Lomond 

4971 Stefany Fish Santa Cruz 

4972 Jan Fish Santa Cruz 

4973 Ron Fish Santa Cruz 

4974 Nolan Fish Santa Cruz 

4975 Max Bovtnick Santa Cruz 

4976 Natalia Ramirez Santa Cruz 

49n James Kirkham Santa Cruz 

4978 Audrey Tenant Santa Cruz 

4979 Keva Walter Los Gatos 

4980 John Wil Santa Cruz 

4981 Maggie Summons Santa Cruz 

4982 Paige Vitale Felton 

4983 Audrey Gracias Watsonvile 

4984 Megan Adriey Santa Cruz 

4985 Rich Smith Santa Clara 

4986 Kevin R Union City 

4987 DeAnna Jernigan San Jose 

4988 Jody McKellar Aptos 

4989 Dennis Diego Santa Cruz 

4990 Debera Nixon Aptos 

4991 Dayg w. Soquel 

4992 Meg lgno Aptos 

4993 Bemedeth Bosihgu Santa Cruz 

4994 Jennifer Bernson Aptos 

4995 Sean Bernson Aptos 

4996 George Klein Watson vile 

4997 Deranis Atom a La Selva 

4998 LeeAnn Latrie Scotts Valley 

4999 Mglabrie L Scotts Valley 

5000 Mia Bossie Ben Lomond 

5001 Garrett Deaver Ben Lomond 

5002 David Bossie Ben Lomond 

5003 Matthew Carrillo Santa Cruz 

5004 Tram Vu Santa Cruz 

5005 Faye Becerra Santa Cruz 

5006 Kurt Montgonce Santa Cruz 

5007 Will White Santa Cruz 

5008 Jonathan Carmona Santa Cruz 

5009 John Carmona Watsonvile 

5010 Lory c Santa Cruz 

5011 Harold Lewis Aptos 

5012 Manuel Ortiz Watsonvile 

5013 Mercedes Ortiz Watsonvile 

5014 Andrew Hardy Santa Cruz 

5015 Kaenon Hardy Santa Cruz 

5016 Hathaway Santa Cruz 

5017 Rachel Szymande San Jose 

5018 llham Farhat Watsonvi!e 

5019 Shanki Farhat Watsonvi!e 

5020 Annette Morales Gonzales 

5021 Israel Morales Gonzales 

5022 Matthew Morales Gonzales 

5023 Nicholas Voogel Monterey 

5024 Leo Dawson Santa Cruz 
536 


Insert offset folio 603 here 98942A.505

5025 Molly H Humboldt 

5026 Ry s Humboldt 

5027 Stephanie Casher Santa Cruz 

5028 James Lewis Santa Cruz 

5029 Ben M 

5030 Keny Hunter Felton 

5031 Neil Brown Hong Kong 

5032 Kyle Walters Santa Cruz 

5033 Martin Domitrovic Santa Cruz 

5034 Courtney Hewitt Santa Cruz 

5035 Ivan Martinez Santa Cruz 

5036 Cheryl Windsor Scotts Valley 

5037 Julie Baylor Aptos 

5038 Anna Zaporska Santa Cruz 

5039 Lucas F Santa Cruz 

5040 Severin Field Santa Cruz 

5041 Sophia Field Santa Cruz 

5042 John Field Santa Cruz 

5043 Tyler Voogel Monterey 

5044 Phil McReynolds Santa Cruz 

5045 Marissa Anderson Santa Cruz 

5046 Logan Martinez Santa Cruz 

5047 Dan Nanas San Jose 

5048 Jeff Sinclair San Jose 

5049 Krista Cullen San Jose 

5050 Elliot McDonald Santa Cruz 

5051 Bacchus Aurelius Santa Cruz 

5052 Joe Heller Santa Cruz 

5053 Naima Ali Santa Cruz 

5054 Jessica Gonzalez San Jose 

5055 Ricardo Anzaldo Santa Cruz 

5056 Kami Brawer Santa Cruz 

5057 Haley Burrill Santa Cruz 

5058 Heather Whiting Santa Cruz 

5059 Yvette Hernandez Santa Cruz 

5060 y Hipolito Santa Cruz 

5061 J Keil Santa Cruz 

5062 John Norton Fresno 

5063 Russ Bell Pleasanton 

5064 Jack Bell Pleasanton 

5065 Matthew Kenning Pleasanton 

5066 Jessica Dacquigan Santa Cruz 

5067 Caroline Dacquigan Santa Cruz 

5068 Ross Bates Watsonville 

5069 Joseph Ramirez Watsonville 

5070 Abraham G Watsonville 

5071 Jessica Beltran Soquel 

5072 Kenny Evans Aptos 

5073 Kieran Rose Santa Cruz 

5074 Jade Rose Santa Cruz 

5075 Kyle Hunter Santa Cruz 

5076 Haley Clegg Santa Cruz 

5077 Jolan Miller Capitola 

5078 Benjamin Miller Capitola 

5079 Leslie Elkind Santa Cruz 
537 


Insert offset folio 604 here 98942A.506

5080 Francine Genta Santa Cruz 

5081 Neal Sprenkel Capitola 

5082 Joshua Keen Serven Santa Cruz 

5083 Elias Keen Serven Santa Cruz 

5084 Rodney Seal Redondo Beach 

5085 Marty M Redondo Beach 

5086 Patrick M Capitola 

5087 Roland B Lebanon, CT 

5088 Kyle G Aptos 

5089 Jill G SanRamon 

5090 Steve Ross Soquel 

5091 Noah Ross Soquel 

5092 Jonathan F Colfax 

5093 Evan Hilton Scotts Valley 

5094 Todd Rolen Ben Lomond 

5095 Chris Krohn Santa Cruz 

5096 Dawn Ramirez Watsonville 

5097 Sida Path Santa Cruz 

5098 Paolo Di Febbo Santa Cruz 

5099 Serena Strehlke Santa Cruz 

5100 Ryan Powell Stockton 

5101 Graziella Bibeto Stockton 

5102 Katrina DeWaff Scotts Valley 

5103 Joseph Trebbien Santa Cruz 

5104 Kim Helmer Santa Cruz 

51 05 Esandeni Romero Watsonville 

5106 Alex Romero Watsonville 

5107 F Romero Watsonville 

5108 I Romero Watsonville 

5109 Joseph Fristensky Santa Cruz 

511 0 Heather Greenhaw Watsonville 

5111 Elisabeth Potta Santa Cruz 

5112 Loukas stelyn Santa Cruz 

5113 Caroline Nicola Santa Cruz 

5114 Heide Nicola Santa Cruz 

5115 Sharon Naraghi-Eckald Santa Cruz 

5116 Bill Eckard Santa Cruz 

5117 Byron Windsor Scotts Valley 

5118 Alex Teranin Santa Cruz 

5119 Dennis Spinella Watsonville 

5120 Daisy Hernandez Watsonville 

5121 Diana Hernandez Watsonville 

5122 Peter Hernandez Watsonville 

5123 Elijah s Santa Cruz 

5124 Kyndra Larkin Santa Cruz 

5125 Destiny Knight Santa Cruz 

5126 Makenna Hanecak Santa Cruz 

5127 Muriel Clarke Aptos 

5128 Diane Turner Aptos 

5129 Jeff Lloyd Santa Cruz 

5130 Matt Trotter Santa Cruz 

5131 Eddie Ed mines Santa Cruz 

5132 Bill Jarvis Santa Cruz 

5133 Jack Hespel Capitola 

5134 Cody Jarus 
538 


Insert offset folio 605 here 98942A.507

5135 Jeanette Cisneros Santa Cruz 

5136 Enc Grant' Boulder Creek 

5137 Enn Beccaria-Giant Soquel 

5138 Robert Tiaren Santa Cruz 

5139 Caroline Gods ave Santa Cruz 

5140 Angela Chandler Santa Cruz 

5141 Richard Chandler Santa Cruz 

5142 Linda Burroughs Santa Cruz 

5143 John Burroughs Santa Cruz 

5144 Caleb Barron Santa Cruz 

5145 Maxine Saunders Aptos 

5146 Darian Tinsley Aptos 

5147 Sindi Syler Aptos 

5148 Cathy Weghe Felton 

5149 R Bond Santa Cruz 

5150 Peter Feurtado Santa Cruz 

5151 Jorge Mendoza Santa Cruz 

5152 Dan Olmstead Santa Cruz 

5153 Chase Cummings Santa Cruz 

5154 Annette M Santa Cruz 

5155 Donald Howard Santa Cruz 

5156 Elena Stone Santa Cruz 

5157 Michelle Martinez Aptos 

5158 Jeffrey Martinez Aptos 

5159 David Scholz Santa Cruz 

5160 Keith Scholz Santa Cruz 

5161 Joe Kusler Aptos 

5162 Tom larkin Santa Cruz 

5163 Kiley larkin Santa Cruz 

5164 Cassandra Block Santa Cruz 

5165 Anjel Larkin SantaCruz 

5166 Hayley Hannigan Santa Cruz 

5167 Jenna Kusler Aptos 

5168 Lindsay Foos Aptos 

5169 Elisabeth Bridges Aptos 

5170 Serena Bridges Aptos 

5171 Ricardo Ow Santa Cruz 

5172 Graham Feldbrugge Aptos 

5173 Stuart Buie Aptos 

5174 Glen M Santa Cruz 

5175 Jan 

5176 Tami McConnell Soquel 

5177 Tim McConnell Soquel 

5178 Bobby Salazar Aptos 

5179 Rebecca Salazar Aptos 

5180 Anna Gooding Live Oak 

5181 Franny Hudnaii-Sauz Soquel 

5182 Katie Veach live Oak 

5183 Sylar Monthrop Live Oak 

5184 Johnsonan Phillips Capitola 

5185 Vicron Sandoval Watsonville 

5186 Cora Sandoval Watsonville 

5187 Armand Barrsias Sunnyvale 

5188 Nicholas Sheehy Los Banos 

5189 Arrianna Mercado Capitola 
539 


Insert offset folio 606 here 98942A.508

5190 John M Capitola 

5191 s Valdez Aptos 

5192 John Rodriguez Watsonville 

5193 lsidio Lopez Santa Cruz 

5194 lsmael Garcia Santa Cruz 

5195 Justin Manwarren Moss Landing 

5196 Keith White Scotts Valley 

5197 Dale Dawson Scotts Valley 

5198 Gretchen Eschle Santa Cruz 

5199 Phill Eschle Santa Cruz 

5200 Almer Yam Santa Cruz 

5201 Sara Mora Santa Cruz 

5202 Daniel Barill Santa Cruz 

5203 Bytheal Ratliff Santa Cruz 

5204 Michael Dorny Santa Cruz 

5205 Rachael Brown Scotts Valley 

5206 Haley Clarke Scotts Valley 

5207 Kalley McDonell Scotts Valley 

5208 Carolyn Burnett 

5209 Julie Larson Santa Cruz 

5210 Chuck Heath Santa Cruz 

5211 Jeff Roco Santa Cruz 

5212 Megan Mcallister Santa Cruz 

5213 Richard Garcia Santa Cruz 

5214 Jessie Kraus Santa Cruz 

5215 Dawn Rey Watsonville 

5216 Kenny R Watsonville 

5217 Boonith Pongrasamlios Santa Cruz 

5218 Teresa Garmi Santa Cruz 

5219 Andrew Llanes Tracy 

5220 Nathan Whixter Hollister 

5221 Bryan Johnson Los Gatos 

5222 Jackie Gollbach Santa Cruz 

52231eslie Calderon Santa Cruz 

5224 Alan Ramirez Santa Cruz 

5225 David Michael San Jose 

5226 Anthony Aaron San Jose 

5227 Ann Auburn Felton 

5228 Christopher Johansson Santa Cruz 

5229 Christina Thurston Santa Cruz 

5230 Ellen Aldridge Santa Cruz 

5231 Sheri Morano Scotts Valley 

5232 Ethan Pezzole Santa Cruz 

5233 Sofi Di Santa Cruz 

5234 Sher Dhillon Santa Cruz 

5235 Nathalie Lauverier Santa Cruz 

5236 Rachel Roach Santa Cruz 

5237 Randalyn Roach Santa Cruz 

5238 Aria Roach Santa Cruz 

5239 Lawrence Russ San Jose 

5240 Samantha Powell San Jose 

5241 Joshua Rankins San Jose 

5242 Brennan Black SantaCruz 

5243 Barbara Roettger Santa Cruz 

5244 Mario Guizer Santa Cruz 
540 


Insert offset folio 607 here 98942A.509

5245 Justin Mosley Santa Cruz 

5246 Mary Magoffin Aptos 

5247 Kailey Diebold Santa Cruz 

5248 Kathryn Kemper Santa Cruz 

5249 Joyce Spencer Ben Lomond 

5250 Carol McQuillin Ben Lomond 

5251 Sandy Lavll'ler Felton 

5252 Cindy Hugle Boulder Creek 

5253 Ann Burton Ben Lomond 

5254 Marilyn Spurgeon Ben Lomond 

5255 Prudence Drew Ben Lomond 

5256 Elton Wallin Ben Lomond 

5257 Karen McNamara Ben Lomond 

5258 Carol Miller Felton 

5259 Julie Half Santa Cruz 

5260 Laurie Burton Ben Lomond 

5261 Janet Coil Boulder Creek 

5262 Charles Johnson Scotts Valley 

5263 Steven Lanctot Boulder Creek 

5264 Judy Anderson Felton 

5265 Mike Holton Boulder Creek 

5266 Heather Henderson Ben Lomond 

5267 Kenny Macy Boulder Creek 

5268 Anna riDS San Jose 

5269 William Harley SantaCruz 

5270 L Hoffman Santa Cruz 

5271 Robert Downing Capitola 

5272 Anthony Cecchetti Santa Cruz 

5273 Paul Magdaleno Santa Cruz 

5274 Tene Silva Santa Cruz 

5275 Catherine Sundvall Boulder, CO 

5276 Mary Edith Ingraham Santa Cruz 

5277 Emily Hamilton Karo Santa Cruz 

5278 Justin Karo Santa Cruz 

5279 LeAnne Ravinale Santa Cruz 

5280 angele Rose Felton 

5281 Joaquin Rose Felton 

5282 Karen Oakley Santa Cruz 

5283 Elmo Foster Santa Cruz 

5284 Kelly Bellemare Felton 

5285 Maddie Jory Santa Cruz 

5286 Tangerine Kimmel Aptos 

5287 Tara Larson Santa Cruz 

5288 alexa Zellin Santa Clara 

5289 Virginia Hughes Ben lomond 

5290 Tyler Gibson Santa Cruz 

5291 Zeke Moats Santa Cruz 

5292 Chris Vendelin Santa Cnuz 

5293 Andrea Notch Vallejo 

5294 Greg Rose Felton 

5295 Megan Mitchell Santa Cruz 

5296 Kyra Hopklns Watsonville 

5297 Ali Bautista Watsonville 

5298 lsaura Rochin Aptos 

5299 Jacqueline Magallon Watsonville 
541 


Insert offset folio 608 here 98942A.510

5300 Katie Azevedo Felton 

5301 Corey Azevedo Felton 

5302 Sean Basalyga Santa Cruz 

5303 Jennifer Conrad Capitola 

5304 Marlene Mirassou Aptos 

5305 Stan Samsonsen San Francisco 

5306 Gary Farber Walnut Creek 

5307 Judith Weisman Walnut Creek 

5308 Ashley Miller Santa Cruz 

5309 Jane Webb St Lous, MO 

5310 Bobby Kusek Santa Cruz 

5311 Donnie Dunn Santa Cruz 

5312 Diane McLaughlin Culver City 

5313 Paul Scott Santa Cruz 

5314 Marcelo Rosales Santa Cruz 

5315 David s Santa Cruz 

5316 Cecily Cahill Ben Lomond 

5317 Roy Kaylor Boulder Creek 

5318 John Roskelley Santa Cruz 

5319 Brian Ferrin Santa Cruz 

5320 Carol Wong Santa Cruz 

5321 Louis Romero Boulder, CO 

5322 Leah Langford Redondo Beach 

5323 Harvey Dondershine Santa Cruz 

5324 Clara Santa Cruz 

5325 Sara Coon Santa Cruz 

5326 Steven Rlos San Jose 

5327 Mark Green Santa Cruz 

5328 Stephanie Meux SantaCruz 

5329 Daniel Mollner Santa Cruz 

5330 Ethan Scott Santa Cruz 

5331 Janis Fullan Santa Cruz 

5332 Massimo Caporale Watsonville 

5333 Samantha Willis Santa Cruz 

5334 Kathy Eisenhart Boulder Creek 

5335 Cheryl Potter Santa Cruz 

5336 Susan D Santa Cruz 

5337 Alice Slaughter Santa Cruz 

5338 Ned LeSion Santa Cruz 

5339 Nikki Bryant Santa Cruz 

5340 Jessica St. Martin Santa Cruz 

5341 Sophie Wilson Santa Barbara 

5342 Stephen Cupery Santa Cruz 

5343 Andy Payne Los Gatos 

5344 Henry Crandell Felton 

5345 Kerri Crandell Felton 

5346 Payton Smith Santa Cruz 

5347 Terri Oberto Santa Cruz 

5348 mary Wade Brooklyn, NY 

5349 Gio Fournier Soquel 

5350 Gail Levine Felton 

5351 Stephanie Bower Agoura Hills 

5352 Jeremy Jacob Agoura Hills 

5353 Delayne Auerbach Aptos 

5354 Uriah Sa fiery Santa Cruz 
542 


Insert offset folio 609 here 98942A.511

5355 Lisa deAraujo Ben Lomond 

5356 Jessie Camp Ashland, OR 

5357 Michelle ltabashl Santa Cruz 

5358 Jessica marquez Santa Cruz 

5359 Paula LaHue Aptos 

5360 David Robles Santa Cruz 

5361 Katie ritzinger Fremont 

5362 Deangela\ Leon Watsonville 

5363 Darta Leon Watsonville 

5364 Andros R Santa Cruz 

5365 Craig Richardson Santa Cruz 

5366 Doug Hull Santa Cruz 

5367 Jen Michelsen Santa Cruz 

5368 Terry Rily Gold Beach, OR 

5369 marshall Bethel Santa Cruz 

5370 Carol Morales Santa Cruz 

5371 Sue Barnes Santa Cruz 

5372 Sydney Barnes Santa Cruz 

5373 Lindsay Peterson Santa Cruz 

5374 Lilly Willhite Santa Cruz 

5375 Lucero Luna Santa Cruz 

5376 Shawn Lycos Soquel 

5377 Richard Mann Monterey 

5378 Kathie Travis Monterey 

5379 Valerie Refren San Leandro 

5380 William Anderson Daytona Beach, FL 

5381 Daniel Reber Scotts Valley 

5382 Alma Rocha Prunedale 

5383 Jason Kiser Watsonville 

5384 Jamie Waner Santa Cruz 

5385 Eileen Gray Santa Cruz 

5386 Andrea Boone Ben Lomond 

5387 Laura Wilson Santa Cruz 

5388 Jeromy Hewitt Santa Cruz 

5389 Robin Brune Felton 

5390 Yolanda Valencia Watsonville 

5391 Tiffany Shillito Scotts Valley 

5392 Ryan Shillito Scotts Valley 

5393 Kathy Jones Santa Cruz 

5394 John Seifert Santa Cruz 

5395 Mara Seifert Santa Cruz 

5396 Brent Ritzinger Fremont 

5397 Billy Davis Santa Cruz 

5398 Noah Dahl Santa Cruz 

5399 Mark Bames Santa Cruz 

5400 Daniel Cony Santa Cruz 

5401 Sarah BeBee Boulder Creek 

5402 Tood LeJeune Santa Cruz 

5403 Remi LeJeune Santa Cruz 

5404 Pamela Burnham Santa Cruz 

5405 Thairie Rltche Capitola 

5406 Roxana Delo Santa Cruz 

5407 William Hippen Bonny Doon 

5408 Angela Hiippen Bonny Doon 

5409 Jeanee Natov Santa Cruz 
543 


Insert offset folio 610 here 98942A.512

541 0 Seabron Stewart Boulder Creek 

5411 Dave Rees Santa Cruz 

5412 David Trauterman Santa Cruz 

5413 Shannon Foley Santa Cruz 

5414 Salvatore Napoli Scotts Valley 

5415 Cozy Molanchon Santa Cruz 

5416 Yander Pearce Santa Cruz 

5417 Henry Karpinski Felton 

5418 Eileen Sevy Santa Cruz 

5419 Joe Gershen Santa Cruz 

5420 Pam North Santa Cruz 

5421 Juan Reese Menlo Park 

5422 Angela Marie Santa Cruz 

5423 Vanessa Race Lexington, KY 

5424 Elin MacDonnell Los Gatos 

5425 Jenica Hadlez Santa Cruz 

5426 Mesha Levvy Santa Cruz 

5427 alexa Johnson Santa Cruz 

5428 Lisa Flores SantaCruz 

5429 Froilan Ortiz Oakland 

5430 Sunshine Ortiz Oakland 

5431 Nina Ortiz Oakland 

5432 Nick Brown Ben Lomond 

5433 Scott s s 

5434 Clint Biddle Santa Cruz 

5435 Aaron Brightman Aptos 

5436 Bruce Cyr Capitola 

5437 Jeanne Chesko Sacramento 

5438 Felipe Cruz Felton 

5439 Chlistine Homan Santa Cruz 

5440 Frederick Mayer Aptos 

5441 Dawn Andersen Santa Cruz 

5442 Angelica Fernandez Watsonville 

5443 Patlicia onedo Capitola 

5444 Patlick Molanchon Capitola 

5445 Harli Law Santa Cruz 

5446 Stacey Iverson Soquel 

5447 Scott Farber Scotts Valley 

5448 Patlicia Anex Morgan Hill 

5449 Christina Butler Santa Cruz 

5450 John Morris Aptos 

5451 Paul Davis Santa Cruz 

5452 Juno Groves Soquel 

5453 Dave Bowen Santa Cruz 

5454 Katheryn Craighead Scotts Valley 

5455 Elika Sot a San Francisco 

5456 Daniello Ulibe San Francisco 

5457 Tartn Hays Tuolumne 

5458 Alicia Koaman Santa Cruz 

5459 Julie Daylen-Browne Santa Cruz 

5460 George Browne Santa Cruz 

5461 Rachel Christopher Santa Cruz 

5462 Miles zemn Boulder Creek 

5463 Max Davis Santa Cruz 

5464 John Callahan Santa Cruz 
544 


Insert offset folio 611 here 98942A.513

5465 Joanne Bishop Waynesboro, VA 

5466 Victor Rodas Soquel 

5467 Audid verra Soquel 

5468 Dave Willis Santa Cruz 

5469 Barb Lofranco Felton 

5470 Howard Meyer Felton 

5471 Mike Butlers Santa Cruz 

5472 Sheryl McEwan Scotts Valley 

5473 William Russell Felton 

5474 Ky Russell Felton 

5475 Shannon Ellis Santa Cruz 

5476 Lance Horton Santa Cruz 

5477 Brandt Horton Santa Cruz 

5478 Grenner Wilson Santa Cruz 

5479 Joseph Wilson Santa Cruz 

5480 Isaiah Wilson Santa Cruz 

5481 Carole Wilson Santa Cruz 

5482 David Marks Boulder Creek 

5483 Heather Cruz Felton 

5484 Victor Velasquez Watsonville 

5485 Daniel Ullrich Watsonville 

5486 Frederick Schroeder Soquel 

5487 Iiana Orshansky Brooklyn, NY 

5488 Claudia Campos SantaCruz 

5489 Sandy Beach Los Altos 

5490 Marion Adams Santa Cruz 

5491 Diane St. Martin Santa Cruz 

5492 Sue McMeligone Soquel 

5493 Joshua Lumicao Watsonville 

5494 Scott Sorci Salinas 

5495 Susan Salinger Santa Cruz 

5496 Bryce Morton Santa Cruz 

5497 Irene Steffen Monterey 

5498 Mike adair San Jose 

5499 Clare Brighman Aptos 

5500 Sherta Walsh Santa Cruz 

5501 Brent Dunton Santa Cruz 

5502 Tom Chesko Sacramento 

5503 Maighan Frey Berkeley 

5504 Christopher Mills SantaCruz 

5505 Rebecca Goldman Santa Cruz 

5506 Judy Goldman Santa Cruz 

5507 Jesse Schaffer Santa Cruz 

5508 Britt Rymes Santa Cruz 

5509 Madeline Mclanchon Santa Cruz 

5510 James Casey Santa Cruz 

5511 Jon Winston Santa Cruz 

5512 Doug Hunt Santa Cruz 

5513 Emilie Stuebe Santa Cruz 

5514 Laurie Pera Santa Cruz 

5515 David Pera Santa Cruz 

5516 John Reilly Santa Cruz 

5517William Stratton San Mateo 

5518 Deborah Stanley Santa Cruz 

5519 Nanlouise Wolfe Santa Cruz 
545 


Insert offset folio 612 here 98942A.514

5520 Cara lamb Santa Cruz 

5521 LeAnn Bielle Scotts Valley 

5522 Glenn Smith Scotts Valley 

5523 Erica Hardister Santa Cruz 

5524 Virgina Burnett 

5525 Brian Shepard Live Oak 

5526 Mark Seelos Santa Cruz 

5527 Diego Rosales Santa Cruz 

5528 Baribara Lyon Scotts Valley 

5529 Mary Arman La Selva Beach 

5530 Carmen Mcintyre Santa Cruz 

5531 Chanes Mcintyre Santa Cruz 

5532 Katie Stanger SantaCruz 

5533 Fion Carney Santa Cruz 

5534 Catherine Mccathy Santa Cruz 

5535 Melanie Benedetti Corralitos 

5536 Karen Boerner Los Gatos 

5537 Carrie Cox Santa Cruz 

5538 Robert Roepke Santa Cruz 

5539 Samantha Roepke Brookdale 

5540 Stone Roepke Brookdale 

5541 lllana Weisman Walnut Creek 

5542 Andy Agnew, II Keyser, VW 

5543 Amber Brill Keyser, V'N 

5544 Michael Hayduk Erlanger. KY 

5545 Norm Crandell Felton 

5546 Forrest Crandell Felton 

5547 William Deason Boulder Creek 

5548 Julie Jaffe Santa Cruz 

5549 Christina Gibbs Aptos 

5550 Joseph Hammer Boulder Creek 

5551 Sheila Delany Boulder Creek 

5552 Nancy Macy Boulder Creek 

5553 Chanes Hammer Boulder Creek 

5554 Ruby Hammer Boulder Creek 

5555 Eva Rodriquez Boulder Creek 

5556 Patrick Kerrigan 

5557 Ed Schehl Santa Cruz 

5558 Irene Guerrero Santa Cruz 

5559 Cristel Guerrero Santa Cruz 

5560 Alejandra Sanchez Santa Cruz 

5561 Gayle Michael Corralitos 

5562 Elijah Jeffries Scotts Valley 

5563 Alan K!uska Boulder Creek 

5564 Justin Cosmo Santa Cruz 

5565 Alicia Bamett Santa Cruz 

5566 Joanne Littlefield Aptos 

5567 Brian Peoples Aptos 

5568 Margaret Schwan San Ramon 

5569 Patrice Keet Santa Cruz 

5570 Michael Christie Ben Lomond 

5571 Sarah Hutto SantaCruz 

5572 Wilder Hutto Santa Cruz 

5573 Barrett Hutto Santa Cruz 

5574 Christine Flowers Sacramento 
546 


Insert offset folio 613 here 98942A.515

5575 Susan Wright Aptos 

5576 Ryan Koerber Santa Cruz 

5577 Neville Loberg Ben Lomond 

5578 Jayna Lee Ben Lomond 

5579 Grant Pew Santa Clara 

5580 Liz Bell Soquel 

5581 Mina Bell Soquel 

5582 Jennifer Malone Santa Cruz 

5583 Mara Kimmel Santa Cruz 

5584 Calista Davis Santa Cruz 

5585 Joliette Flores Santa Cruz 

5586 Seth Van Horn Santa Cruz 

5587 Ashley Nelson Santa Cruz 

5588 Thomas Thompson Santa Cruz 

5589 Candy Arreola Santa Cruz 

5590 Juanita Stock Santa Cruz 

5591 Lila Hennin Santa Cruz 

5592 Becky Butler Santa Cruz 

5593 Jan Torbey Santa Cruz 

5594 Elise McDonough Santa Cruz 

5595 Laurence Cohen Santa Cruz 

5596 Lacey Nein Santa Cruz 

5597 Emily Sage Santa Cruz 

5598 Amanda Raie Santa Cruz 

5599 Alysha Narveson Santa Cruz 

5600 Rachel Van Hom Santa Cruz 

5601 Bruce Dicks Santa Cruz 

5602 Susan Burrell Soquel 

5603 Sarah Alberson Santa Cruz 

5604 Karen Sylvan Santa Cruz 

5605 William Tawzer Boulder Creek 

5606 Mary Larson Santa Cruz 

5607 Jan Gaudette Aptos 

5608 Monica Lennen Santa Cruz 

5609 Patricia Stoddart SantaCruz 

5610 Kelly Grant Felton 

5611 James Thompson Santa Cruz 

5612 Karen McCormick Santa Cruz 

5613 Alyssa Jollikte Santa Cruz 

5614 R Ferrera 

5615 Bruce Hobson Santa Cruz 

5616 Rachel Harris Santa Cruz 

5617 Celia Brezner Santa Cruz 

5618 Courtney Mahoney Santa Cruz 

5619 Vijay Kamath Santa Cruz 

5620 Daphne Morrisey Santa Cruz 

5621 Amba DesJardins Santa Cruz 

5622 Felicia Thelen Scotts Valley 

5623 Jim Heaney Santa Cruz 

5624 Joe Kahraman Ventura 

5625 Chuck Brown Ventura 

5626 Rhea Voll Ojai 

5627 David Werlin Santa Cruz 

5628 Pamela Meadows Lompoc 

5629 Xochitl Gonzalez Thousand Oaks 
547 


Insert offset folio 614 here 98942A.516

5630 Joan Kennedy San Luis Obispo 

5631 Susan Escalante Port Hueneme 

5632 Mary Gutierrez Sacramento 

5633 Jon Youngdahl Cameron Park 

5634 Abisola Adebowale Northridge 

5635 Jeniffer Root Oakland 

5636 Diane Perrigo Sacramento 

5637 Shannon Abramovitch Ventura 

5638 Grace Sepulveda Oxnard 

5639 Rosa Castro 

5640 Peny Morefield Oxnard 

5641 Esperanza Torres San Benito 

5642 Damica Gibson Santa Cruz 

5643 Jaclyn Morton Santa Cruz 

5644 Mark Moronez Santa Cruz 

5645 McKenna Lee~ Liston Aptos 

5646 Jeff Brand San Jose 

5647 Lisa Rentena Felton 

5648 Molly Judd Felton 

5649 Beverly Hollerbach Santa Cruz 

5650 Caitlin Bahu Ben Lomond 

5651 Toshio Yamara Ben Lomond 

5652 Erin Barker San Francisco 

5653 Antonio Cavagnori San Francisco 

5654 Clint Camdam Scotts Valley 

5655 Angel Perez Santa Cruz 

5656 Jake Meyer Santa Cruz 

5657 Roxane De res Santa Cruz 

5658 David Berenstock Santa Cruz 

5659 Kris Kamandulis Santa Cruz 

5660 Deserey Akshal Santa Cruz 

5661 Carmen Locatelli Santa Cruz 

5662 Mary Ducey-hardos Santa Cruz 

5663 Connie Silva Santa Cruz 

5664 Travis Reieber Soquel 

5665 Lynn Scally Santa Cruz 

5666 Lani Garcia Santa Cruz 

5667 Calvin Smith Santa Cruz 

5668 Robert Hambelton Scotts Valley 

5669 Rene Hernandez Capitola 

5670 Christine Berge Ben Lomond 

5671 Yolanda Valencia Watsonville 

5672 Misty Scott Santa Cruz 

5673 Maribel Ybarra Corralitos 

5674 Lisa DiGirolamo Felton 

5675 Margaret Nichols Felton 

5676 Lisa Herschfelt Ben Lomond 

5677 John Hawklyn Santa Cruz 

5678 Bettie Burton Felton 

5679 Mari Seguera Santa Cruz 

5680 Ana Maria Rebelo Santa Cruz 

5681 Debra Locatelli Santa Cruz 

5682 David Sims Santa Cruz 

5683 Rachel Fatoohi Santa Cruz 

5684 Rodolfo Rivas Aptos 
548 


Insert offset folio 615 here 98942A.517

5685 Tim Bailey Ben Lomond 

5686 Joel L Soquel 

5687 Doug Dubois Santa Cruz 

5688 Else Aguilar Aptos 

5689 Shaun Deyhim Scotts Valley 

5690 Rachel Lather Aptos 

5691 Richard Kaz Capitola 

5692 Melissa Young Corralitos 

5693 Jeanine Dermer Santa Cruz 

5694 Katherine Cassara Soquel 

5695 kim Moore Santa Cruz 

5696 Connie McNair Santa Cruz 

5697 Rbert Duncan Capitola 

5698 Julie McGowan Soquel 

5699 John Bateos San Diego 

5700 Mel Bowen Huntington Beach 

5701 Alex Apphoto 

5702 Ray Hastein Huntington Beach 

5703 Graham Wilhelm Elk Grove 

5704 Kenna Quinoga San Diego 

5705 Morgan Altenhofi San Diego 

5706 Michell Lovette San Diego 

5707 Paul Cambilargio Long Beach 

5708 Sean Leader Tennessee 

5709 R Marion San Diego 

5710 Philicia Marion San Diego 

5711 Sarah Hill Brevard 

5712 Erin Gaffney Redlands 

5713 Lewis Ganmey Brevard 

5714 Nick Stephens San Luis Obispo 

5715 Barbara Ginsberg Santa Cruz 

5716 David Carnagle Santa Cruz 

5717 Lori Darnley Santa Cruz 

5718William R Santa Cruz 

5719 Jerry Busch Santa Cruz 

5720 Darcy Houghton Santa Cruz 

5721 Joe Mathieu Santa Cruz 

5722 Shela McDaniel Scotts Valley 

5723 PatriCia Moreno Santa Cruz 

5724 Laura Brinson Soquel 

5725 Carolyn Burke Aptos 

5726 Robin Woodman Santa Cruz 

5727 Antonella Gentile Santa Cruz 

5728 Jimmy Bush Green Aptos 

5729 John Ondreyka Mount Hermon 

5730 Martin Hekney Scotts Valley 

5731 Joseph Perez Watsonville 

5732 Martin Benson Santa Cruz 

5733 Jessica Dukita Santa Cruz 

5734 Tamara Stolzenhaler lompico 

5735 Karen Ehrlich lompico 

5736 Kristen Rivers Ben Lomond 

5737 Estelle Fein Boulder Creek 

5738 Maryann Shafaghi Capitola 

5739 Brahyan Lopez Capitola 
549 


Insert offset folio 616 here 98942A.518

57 40 Michele Mosher Felton 

5741 Linda Skeff Brookdale 

5742 Joan Barton Boulder Creek 

57 43 Emmanuel Garcia Santa Cruz 

5744 Jon Ball Santa Cruz 

5745 Dante Harootunian Santa Cruz 

57 46 Margaret Parsons Santa Cruz 

57 47 Vanessa Sadsad Santa Cruz 

57 48 Richard Gulp Robinson SantaCruz 

5749 Kyle Duria Santa Cruz 

5750 Nick Fuhrman Santa Cruz 

5751 Ryan Jacobson Santa Cruz 

5752 James Bradley Santa Cruz 

5753 Alex Flood Bend, OR 

5754 Melanie Fisher Bend, OR 

5755 Andy Lightle Corona 

5756 Sarah Connolly Bend, OR 

5757 Jon Kearty Orange 

5758 Seth Gehman Bend, OR 

5759 Arthur Espos San Francisco 

5760 Javier Briales Oakland 

5761 Pablo Ortega Madrid Spain 

5762 Shindo Salvo Oakland 

5763 Sydney Smith Monterey 

5764 Syd Schulz Taos, NM 

5765 Marley Franklin Taos, NM 

5766 Paz Chinchilla Donnelly, ID 

5767 Kevin Tisue Park Cily, UT 

5768 Thor Larsen San Luis Obispo 

5769 Scott Smith San Luis Obispo 

5770 Ira Becker Belmont 

5771 Jade Davidson Scotts Valley 

5772 Francis Cebedo Saratoga 

5773 Daryl Breuninger Corralitos 

5774 Alan Strahsburg San Juan Batista 

5775 Brian Mullin Cold Springs, CO 

5776 Karen Kappius Littleton, CO 

5777 Brady Kappius Boulder, co 5778 Russell Kappius Littleton, CO 

5779 Mic Coleman Eugene, OR 

5780 Susan Litson Springfield, OR 

5781 April Karr Sebastapol 

5782 Gina Barendrick Portland, OR 

5783 Adam Yeagley Sebastapol 

5784 Rafael Ruis Fremont 

5785 Stu Maclennan San Jose 

5786 Davis Ignacio San Jose 

5787 Ramon Ruis Oakland 

5788 lnga Becker Oakland 

5789 Jason Van Horn Oakland 

5790 Robin Schmitt San Francisco 

5791 Russell Risoar Bend, OR 

5792 Kurt Gensheimer Reno, NV 

5793 Chlis Ridder San Luis Obispo 

5794 Jeff Block Los Angeles 
550 


Insert offset folio 617 here 98942A.519

5795 Lucy August Santa Cruz 

5796 Kyle Maxwell San Jose 

5797 Don Palermini San Jose 

5798 Matthew Mangus Portland, OR 

5799 Alex Lugosch San Francisco 

5800 Randall Jacobson San Francisco 

5801 Tim Can nard Los Gatos 

5802 John Hauer los Gatos 

5803 Elliot w Petaluma 

5804 Chris Duburg Los Gatos 

5805 Tammy Wilson Los Gatos 

5806 Michael Milder San Diego 

5807 Greg Heck Berwyn, IL 

5808 Collin Meyers Redondo Beach 

5809 Emily Reilly Santa Cruz 

5810 Tracy Puretz Santa Cruz 

5811 Kevin Reilly Santa Cruz 

5812 Cindy Valdez Santa Cruz 

5813 Ryan Brandes Santa Cruz 

5814 Natalie Smith Santa Cruz 

5815 Samantha Alsina Santa Cruz 

5816 Kevin Gallagher Santa Cruz 

5817 Mark Schapiro Santa Cruz 

5818 Celina Carr Santa Cruz 

5819 lnval Yassur Santa Cruz 

5820 Mika Yassur Santa Cruz 

5821 Jennifer O'Leary Santa Cruz 

5822 Patrick True Santa Cruz 

5823 Susan Casmero Aptos 

5824 Krista Workman Santa Cruz 

5825 Brody Sims Santa Cruz 

5826 Karen Laubhan Santa Cruz 

5827 William Cruddes Ben Lamond 

5828 Lucie Cametti Santa Cruz 

5829 Shelly Wong Santa Cruz 

5830 Liz Millen Santa Cruz 

5831 Aliyah Cline Santa Cruz 

5832 Eliahu Goodman Santa Cruz 

5833 Jacob Bolotin Santa Cruz 

5834 Terry Wardwell Santa Cruz 

5835 Adam Goff San Diego 

5836 Allysha Nakamoto San Jose 

5837 Anana watson Santa Cruz 

5838 Hollis delancey Bonny Dean 

5839 Scott Olmsted Santa Cruz 

5840 Chris Scholan Pebble Beach 

5841 Matthew Boston, MA 

5842 Yuko Nakazawa Santa Cruz 

5843 John Weinstein Philadelphia, PA 

5844 Micaela Martinez Soquel 

5845 Austen Johnson Santa Cruz 

5846 Sean Warton Lompico 

5847 Jason Davis SantaCruz 

5848 Megan Caspers Santa Cruz 

5849 Dina Clark Santa Cruz 
551 


Insert offset folio 618 here 98942A.520

5850 Rony Mysons Santa Cruz 

5851 Mark Adams Santa Cruz 

5852 Brian Valldozen Santa Cruz 

5853 Charles Landa Santa Cruz 

5854 Sharron Barth Santa Cruz 

5855 Mike Nelson Watsonville 

5856 Bob Calbarow Watsonville 

5857 Nick Shively Fremont 

5858 Lisa Gray Monterey 

5859 Brian Renfro Santa Cruz 

5860 Sarah Renfro Santa Cruz 

5861 Stephen Weir Santa Cruz 

5862 Brennan Kage Santa Cruz 

5863 Antonio Abernathy San Jose 

5864 Gayle McCallum Santa Cruz 

5865 Angelica Diaz Santa Cruz 

5866 Jose Velasco Salinas 

5867 John Woitenden Santa Cruz 

5868 Jonathan Chan EICerrito 

5869 Branwyn Bigglestone Oakland 

5870 Todd Roen Soquel 

5871 Scott Miller Soquel 

5872 Ken Gaysen Scotts Valley 

5873 Ken J Aptos 

5874 George Dufro Aptos 

5875 Mau Blumberg Santa Cruz 

5876 Angelina Blumberg Santa Cruz 

5877 Tom Urbani Santa Cruz 

5878 Mayanag Sarasopen 

5879 Gabe Urbani Santa Cruz 

5880 Jill winston Santa Cruz 

5881 Aaron Romanowsky Santa Cruz 

5882 Ethan Romanowsky Santa Cruz 

5883 Mireya Romanowsky Santa Cruz 

5884 Mark Gay Santa Cruz 

5885 Liza Reynolds Los Gatos 

5886 Ann Codd Santa Cruz 

5887 Mario Chagolla Watsonville 

5888 Miguel Pineda Watsonville 

5889 Mark Murray Santa Cruz 

5890 Matt Murray Santa Cruz 

5891 Natalie Andres Scotts Valley 

5892 Mark Hilton Scotts Valley 

5893 Deanna Zimmerman La Selva 

5894 John Neater Santa Cruz 

5895 Mary Neater Santa Cruz 

5896 Lorraine Randolph Santa Cruz 

5897 Michelle Pappas Santa Cruz 

5898 Cindy De Santos Scotts Valley 

5899 Scott Crooks Santa Cruz 

5900 Andrew Brightman Santa Cruz 

5901 Jack Brightman Santa Cruz 

5902 Amee Kamandulis Scotts Valley 

5903 Kris Kamandulis Santa Cruz 

5904 Mark Montgomery Santa Cruz 
552 


Insert offset folio 619 here 98942A.521

5905 Brtan watkins Waterford 

5906 Justin watkins Waterford 

5907 Barbara Fairhurst Santa Clara 

5908 Scott Peteusch Santa Clara 

5909 Shelli Thompson Vallejo 

5910 Nicole Thompson Vallejo 

5911 Monica Buchner Santa Cruz 

5912 Mateo Levy Santa Cruz 

5913 Owen Levy Santa Cruz 

5914 Carol Bernstein Santa Cruz 

5915 Peter Bernstein Santa Cruz 

5916 Elisabeth Potts Santa Cruz 

5917 David Potts Santa Cruz 

5918 Gerardo Madrtgal Watsonville 

5919 Dan Jenkin Santa Cruz 

5920 Alex lngallis Santa Cruz 

5921 Randy Upton Ben lomond 

5922 Lizbeth Ficarra Felton 

5923 Leah Parrish Santa Cruz 

5924 Nelson Larios Monterey 

5925 Emerson Larios Monterey 

5926 Allison Sutton Santa Cruz 

5927 Jessica M Santa Cruz 

5928 Jasmine Mathis Santa Cruz 

5929 Carmel Benson Santa Cruz 

5930 Mason Weems Santa Cruz 

5931 Krtstin Bogart SantaCruz 

5932 T Canoble Santa Cruz 

5933 Madigan Shook Santa Cruz 

5934 Kai Golden Santa Cruz 

5935 Melanie Sluggett Santa Cruz 

5936 Andrew jones Santa Cruz 

5937 Evan Louie Santa Cruz 

5938 Fred Thompson Aptos 

5939 Edna Elkins Santa Cruz 

5940 Glenn Wells Fremont 

5941 Jan oasswalter Contra Costa 

5942 lisa Stivers Santa Cruz 

5943 Sam Stivers Santa Cruz 

5944 Bob Munsey Santa Cruz 

5945 Margaret s Ben Lomond 

5946 Kevin K Davenport 

5947 Ela Eckerman Santa Cruz 

5948 Cotton Bloss Santa Cruz 

5949 Stephen Nittler Orinda 

5950 Rushton Hurley Santa Clara 

5951 Natasha Ribera Santa Cruz 

5952 Jerena Ribera Santa Cruz 

5953 Sarah martin Wright SantaCruz 

5954 Maureen Kendall Santa Cruz 

5955 Parker Kendall Santa Cruz 

5956 Cole Kendall Santa cruz 

5957 Matthew lin Greenbrae 

5958 Su Lin Greenbrae 

5959 Jill Suskind Santa Cruz 
553 


Insert offset folio 620 here 98942A.522

5960 Evelyn c Santa Cruz 

5961 Loren Fox Santa Cruz 

5962 Bamdon Li Santa Cruz 

5963 Tommy Quae! Santa Cruz 

5964 Sam Chapa Aptos 

5965 Michelle Chapa Aptos 

5966 Jen Taft Santa Cruz 

5967 Elvis Navarro Santa Cruz 

5968 Kimi Isola Santa Cruz 

5969 Joanne Gales San Lorenzo 

5970 Tabitha Poppler-Hur1y Santa Clara 

5971 John Harbaugh alenways@hotmail,com 

5972 Steve Mariucci Santa Cruz 

5973 Chris Bertelli Santa Cruz 

597 4 Claudia Carrillo Santa Cruz 

5975 Steve Neisch Lafayette 

5976 Bernard Bose La Selva Beach 

5977 Davey Chown Marina 

5978 Cristobal Rodriguez Watsonville 

5979 Christine Hilton Santa Cruz 

5980 Carl Dove 

5981 Rozario K Santa Cruz 

5982 Deshawn Myles Santa Cruz 

5983 Daniela Kosmalski Santa Cruz 

5984 Zack Gioranelli Santa Cruz 

5985 Ben Gioranelli Santa Cruz 

5986 Daniela Minervino Santa Cruz 

5987 Andrew Ruggiero Santa Cruz 

5988 Sam Randolph Capitola 

5989 Thomas Garmer La Selva Beach 

5990 Robert Guzley Santa Cruz 

5991 Maleni Cruz Santa Cruz 

5992 Nancy Dagdag Santa Cruz 

5993 Leah Stinson Soquel 

5994 Trish Daniels Watsonville 

5995 Eloise Husin Santa Cruz 

5996 Chantel Ricks Los Gatos 

5997 A Kinsolving Santa Cruz 

5998 Luis Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

5999 Julius Freeman Santa Cruz 

6000 Sharon Allen Santa Cruz 

6001 Caitlin Cooper Aptos 

6002 anna McGuire Santa Cruz 

6003 Kevin Sawyer Santa Cruz 

6004 Kevin Goztel Santa Cruz 

6005 Wendy Ayala Santa Cruz 

6006 Debbie Jelten Santa Cruz 

6007 Lisa Geretz Felton 

6008 Melissa Gallardo Watsonville 

6009 David Long Aptos 

6010 Joanne Burton Aptos 

6011 Cartos Gutierrez Aptos 

6012 Gina Peterson Aptos 

6013 Cleo O'Brien Watsonville 

6014 Bryan Chambers Santa Cruz 
554 


Insert offset folio 621 here 98942A.523

6015 Yvonne Oliver Aptos 

6016 Andrew Deitz Los Gatos 

6017 Darshan Gooch Santa Cruz 

6018 Sharon Basile Santa Cruz 

6019 Matthew Basile Santa Cruz 

6020 Chris Berard Santa Cruz 

6021 Uriah Miano Santa Cruz 

6022 Jennifer Tucker Santa Cruz 

6023 Nick Block Los Gatos 

6024 Eileen Khayali San Jose 

6025 Landon Garza Santa Cruz 

6026 Alex Knockey San Francisco 

6027 Dwight Be nina Berkeley 

6028 Oatis Liang Roseville 

6029 Tim Frankel Boulder Creek 

6030 Davey Lee Soquel 

6031 Sarah Nofi Aptos 

6032 Lori Dawson Danville 

6033 Brian Williams Santa Cruz 

6034 Ke~h Wells Aptos 

6035 Eric Britton Santa Cruz 

6036 James Sullivan Santa Cruz 

6037 tssa K Santa Cruz 

6038 Jordon R Santa Cruz 

6039 Vanessa M 

6040 Valerie Peet Santa Cruz 

6041 Gabriel Meza Santa Cruz 

6042 Barbara 

6043 John Newton Soquel 

6044 Aidan Glina Capitola 

6045 julian Giina Capitola 

6046 John Glina Capitola 

6047 Fredy Chavez Santa Cruz 

6048 Faye James Santa Cruz 

6049 Yolanda Sevilla Santa Cruz 

6050 Jonathan Peet Santa Cruz 

6051 Fiona F Soquel 

6052 Greg Santa Cruz 

6053 Arwin M Santa Cruz 

6054 Marvin Scott Santa Cruz 

6055 Amari Moore Santa Cruz 

6056 Holly Smith Felton 

6057 Larry Chua Felton 

6058 Kai Chua Felton 

6059 Hayden Chua Felton 

6060 Melissa Spier Watsonville 

6061 Reed Rondeauk Watsonville 

6062 Corrina c Maria 

6063 Christine Wiseman Corralitos 

6064 Dawn Croxall Aptos 

6065 William Perry Scotts Valley 

6066 Sarah Holt Hoxac Santa Cruz 

6067 Mike D Aptos 

6068 G Dean Aptos 

6069 Jodi Wiseman Corralitos 
555 


Insert offset folio 622 here 98942A.524

6070 Priscila Sanchez Santa Cruz 

6071 Phil K Santa Cruz 

6072 Susan Yambra Watsonville 

6073 Jana Merrell Felton 

6074 Tina Tripp 

6075 Stuart and Tina Tripp Soquel 

6076 Sahaira Mendez Santa Cruz 

6077 Jada Clark Santa Cruz 

6078 Stay Quiroz Santa Cruz 

6079 Carlos Perez Santa Cruz 

6080 Chris Estrada Santa Cruz 

6081 Victor Aguilar Santa Cruz 

6082 Erik Rosales CA 

6083 Isaac Moreno Santa Cruz 

6084 Ricky Escobar Compton 

6085 Alma Parra Hernandez Santa Cruz 

6086 Jelitza Amora Ordaz Santa Cruz 

6087 Lechelle Drumming Santa Cruz 

6088 Kevin Ayala Santa Cruz 

6089 Bryan Garcia Santa Cruz 

6090 Brian Marquez Santa Cruz 

6091 Amanda Dalmacio Santa Cruz 

6092 Daniel chavez Santa Cruz 

6093 Angelo Gregorio Santa Cruz 

6094 Katarina Santa Cruz 

6095 Skylar Drumming Santa Cruz 

6096 Sitka Jewel Santa Cruz 

6097 Juan Cortez Santa Cruz 

6098 Moises Viajra Santa Cruz 

6099 Jada Clark Santa Cruz 

6100 Damien z SantaCruz 

6101 Julian Torres Santa Cruz 

6102 Miguel Sabagun Santa Cruz 

6103 Steven Gallegos Santa Cruz 

6104 Angelo Gulate Santa Cruz 

61 05 Roxanna Santa Cruz 

61 06 Madelyn Paru Santa Cruz 

6107 Trevor Hofvendahl Ben Lomond 

6108 Michael Wiley Los Osos 

6109 Valerie Ame Felton 

6110 Logan Hedi Brookdale 

6111 Joseph Martinez Boulder Creek 

6112 Grant Codiga Santa Cruz 

6113 Cece Peircy Ben Lomond 

6114 Paul Diehl Boulder Creek 

6115 Michael Page Felton 

6116 Pam Steele Felton 

6117 Yan Habib Redwood Estates 

6118 Kevin Buchecker Ben Lomond 

6119 Isabella Ross Felton 

6120 Birgette Ross Felton 

6121 Elizabeth Rea Berkeley 

6122 August Mohr Boulder Creek 

6123 Jeremy Meyer Ben Lomond 

6124 Patrice Banon Felton 
556 


Insert offset folio 623 here 98942A.525

6125 Stephanie Phillippe Campbell 

6126 Saran Grayson Ben lomond 

6127 Marin Hanzek Boulder Creek 

6128 Star Dancing Ben Lomond 

6129 Cadle Peters Boulder Creek 

6130 Maria Clark Felton 

6131 Jayme Kensinger Santa Cruz 

6132 Evan Wells Brookdale 

6133 Diana Atchley Felton 

6134 Lauren Cowen Santa Cruz 

6135 Paul Macklis Felton 

6136 Haley Harris Brook Lomond 

6137 Robert Erwin Santa Cruz 

6138 Scott Haynes Santa Cruz 

6139 Jan Stewart Felton 

6140 Jeannie Hebbs Boulder Creek 

6141 Emma Defosset Boulder Creek 

6142 Durga SheiWOOd Ben Lomond 

6143 Deddie Thoits Santa Cruz 

6144 Jim Thoits Santa Cruz 

6145 Bill Thayer Santa Cruz 

6146 Carolyn Rudolph Santa Cruz 

6147 Michael Meava Aptos 

6148 Vanessa Tunsdall Aptos 

6149 Andra Farstad Santa Cruz 

6150 Marisol Jacob Santa Cruz 

6151 Mark Dannenberg Santa Cruz 

6152 Lily Zukawski Santa Cruz 

6153 Sarah Carvill Santa Cruz 

6154 Charles Paulden Santa Cruz 

6155 Maggie Ivy Aptos 

6156 Wanda Taylor Santa Cruz 

6157 Jack Watson Santa Cruz 

6158 Jim Murphy Santa Cruz 

6159 Kathleen Manning Aptos 

6160 Diane Chambers Scotts Valley 

6161 Michelle Holmes Felton 

6162 Danna MacDougall Felton 

6163 Kevin Toy Felton 

6164 Jennifer Toy Felton 

6165 Helene Weil Scotts Valley 

6166 Deborah Barnum Brookdale 

6167 Rebecca Abraham Felton 

6168 Shannar Arbraham Felton 

6169 Naomi Licht Scotts Valley 

6170 Adina Licht Scotts Valley 

6171 Lisa Beasley Boulder Creek 

6172 Diane Bemyweher Felton 

6173 B Warven lompico 

6174 John Liu Fremont 

6175 Aaron Clark Felton 

6176 Carmen Clark Felton 

6177 Rachel Dance Felton 

6178 Valen Harper Santa Cruz 

6179 Moses Zheril Soquel 
557 


Insert offset folio 624 here 98942A.526

6180 Jessica Roughton Mount Herman 

6181 Debbie Neuman Scotts Valley 

6182 Suzanne McLean Scotts Valley 

6183 Lindsay Logan Salinas 

6184 Kenny Johnson Salinas 

6185 John Wright Boulder Creek 

6186 Anatola SWan Ben Lomond 

6187 Caylen SWan Ben Lomond 

6188 Graydon Ramey Santa Cruz 

6189 Zak Davenport Santa Cruz 

6190 Dina lzzo Ben Lomond 

6191 Lori Hede Brookdale 

6192 Lucas Hede Brookdale 

6193 Isabelle Walker-Aguero Los Gatos 

6194 Erin Martinez Boulder Creek 

6195 Pamela Neineti Ben Lomond 

6196 Norbert Lazar Ben Lomond 

6197 Robin Page Felton 

6198 Steve Yergovich Boulder Creek 

6199 Jennie West Felton 

6200 Seajay Spence Felton 

6201 Kath Spencer Felton 

6202 Daniella Irish Scotts Valley 

6203 Maybelle Irish Scotts Valley 

6204 June Rose Guerra Santa Cruz 

6205 Camila Vega Morgan Hill 

6206 Sally Shoff Fetton 

6207 Denise Ule Santa Cruz 

6208 Sam Ridino Felton 

6209 Molly Souksamlane Felton 

6210 Dan Osorio Felton 

6211 Michael Hall Felton 

6212 Karol Keplinger Capitola 

6213 Jennifer Gamble Bonny Doon 

6214 Janice Thomas Felton 

6215 Lori Canton Ben Lomond 

6216 Colleen Wright Boulder Creek 

6217 Jairo Restrepo Felton 

6218 Kim Trahan Santa Cruz 

6219 Alexi Spoorenberg Santa Cruz 

6220 Marc Spoorenberg Santa Cruz 

6221 Sharon Fishel Ben Lomond 

6222 Paula Morin Fetton 

6223 Bob Lee Felton 

6224 Robert See Felton 

6225 Marilyn Marzell Felton 

6226 Aaron Webb Santa Cruz 

6227 Nick Wilkinson Fetton 

6228 James Cavanaugh Felton 

6229 Priscilla Jewell Ben Lomond 

6230 Pamela Holdredge Sacramento 

6231 Todd Gavin Capitola 

6232 Geo Bel!ounis Aptos 

6233 Varyl White Santa Cruz 

6234 Catherine Bava Lee Santa Cruz 
558 


Insert offset folio 625 here 98942A.527

6235 Gian-Carto Bava Ben lomond 

6236 Paul Beilby Freedom 

6237 Kera swan-Beilby Freedom 

6238 Leslie Howland Corralitos 

6239 Dan Moonshine Santa Cruz 

6240 Sabrina Nichols Soquel 

6241 Nicholas Kupellas Boulder Creek 

6242 Wanette Credeur Santa Cruz 

6243 Luke Anderton Santa Cruz 

6244 Kelly Pruden Boulder Creek 

6245 Tamara Moss Santa Cruz 

6246 Michele Mosher Felton 

6247 Allison Wilens Felton 

6248 Edward Fuente Felton 

6249 Jen Atherton Ben lomond 

6250 Kitty Wold ow Boulder Creek 

6251 Maureen Eart Santa Cruz 

6252 Eugene Arza Lee Santa Cruz 

6253 Enrique A SantaCruz 

6254 Kelli Fryer Felton 

6255 Paula Mclinden Felton 

6256 Jeri Kievlan Boulder Creek 

6257 Mary Rhodes Scotts Valley 

6258 Edwin Edwards Felton 

6259 Taylor Vencill Ben Lomond 

6260 Jeff Smitts Los Gatos 

6261 Ana Diaz Felton 

6262 L Diaz Felton 

6263 Ben A viii Felton 

6264 Diana Wagner Felton 

6265 Thomas Wagner Felton 

6266 Tomiko Ebright Boulder Creek 

6267 Darlene Peterson Boulder Creek 

6268 Karen Tripp Boulder Creek 

6269 Coral Tripp Boulder Creek 

6270 Amaya Lear Brookdale 

6271 Simon Prekowltz Boulder Creek 

6272 Michael Taylor Scotts Valley 

6273 Lisa Russell Ben Lomond 

6274 Mike Dickey Ben lomond 

6275 Sonora Dickey Ben lomond 

6276 Bev Schubert Seattle 

6277 Sophie Webb Felton 

6278 Rebecca lgnatowicz Santa Cruz 

6279 Meghan lgnatowicz SantaCruz 

6280 Syviane Noreikat Felton 

6281 Mikeyla Gibson Santa Cruz 

6282 Derek Hayes Redwood Estates 

6283 Gretchen Hayes Redwood Estates 

6284 Brook Hayes redwood Estates 

6285 Braden Hayes redwood Estates 

6286 Loni Johnston redwood Estates 

6287 Heather Wilhelm Felton 

6288 Lynda Grove Ben Lomond 

6289 Keith Carpenter Felton 
559 


Insert offset folio 626 here 98942A.528

6290 Vodi Lyford Felton 

6291 Rebekah Crill Boulder Creek 

6292 Luke Moore Boulder Creek 

6293 Deb Longley Boulder Creek 

6294 Alex Deii'Oiiver Boulder Creek 

6295 Danya Leopold Boulder Creek 

6296 Chartotte Gun ion Felton 

6297 Natasha Gun ion Felton 

6298 Heather Gun ion Felton 

6299 Glen Haworth Boulder Creek 

6300 Vicki Coffis Ben Lomond 

6301 David Dunning Boulder Creek 

6302 Shawn Dunning Boulder Creek 

6303 Scott Ackeman Felton 

6304 Annette Bourguet-Cone Boulder Creek 

6305 Shelby Charette Felton 

6306 Bruce Whitehill Ben Lomond 

6307 Susan Elliott Santa Cruz 

6308 Caitlin Simmons Santa Cruz 

6309 Steven Foley Boulder Creek 

6310 Rebecca Foley Boulder Creek 

6311 Karen Bailey Felton 

6312 London Bullard Felton 

6313 Gordon Butterton Felton 

6314 Kristin Charton Boulder Creek 

6315 Diana Hansen Boulder Creek 

6316 Charles Missman Felton 

6317 Maeva Hughes Boulder Creek 

6318 Michael Jaffe Scotts Valley 

6319 Kevin Elliott Aptos 

6320 Monique Schlatter Boulder Creek 

6321 ZaChaiY Mikalonis Boulder Creek 

6322 Theodora Block Bonny Doon 

6323 Nancy Volheim Felton 

6324 Lynne Drummond Felton 

6325 Brenda Campbell Santa Cruz 

6326 ian Keeler Felton 

6327 Sharon Skold Ben Lomond 

6328 Tegwin Taylor Felton 

6329 James Mosher Felton 

6330 Mariah Holdsworth Ben Lomond 

6331 Suanne Kreusch Santa Cruz 

6332 Linda Weyers Santa Cruz 

6333 Kim Gunther Santa Cruz 

6334 Julia Schibsted Santa Cruz 

6335 Jerry Connert Aptos 

6336 Paul Dubiel Santa Cruz 

6337 Tort Dubiel Santa Cruz 

6338 John Parsons Santa Cruz 

6339 Jerome Tsao Santa Cruz 

6340 Rich Marotta Santa Cruz 

6341 Keith Spitzer Santa Cruz 

6342 Sarah Newkirk Felton 

6343 Adam Mendoza San Jose 

6344 Tom Randazzo Los Gatos 
560 


Insert offset folio 627 here 98942A.529

6345 Giovanni Randazzo Los Gatos 

6346 Nicole Wing Los Gatos 

6347 Melissa Trail-Grimes Ben Lomond 

6348 Steven Zabel Boulder Creek 

6349 Sharon Zabel Boulder Creek 

6350 Mason Borreson Santa Cruz 

6351 Robby Ruef Santa Cruz 

6352 Kiera Ateishkarian Santa Cruz 

6353 Zachary Spin ole Brookdale 

6354 Victoria Chartier Santa Cruz 

6355 Johanna Guzman Watsonville 

6356 Will Schexnayder Fefton 

6357 Natalie Alanis Watsonville 

6358 Colin Taylor Royal Oaks 

6359 Brandy Little Scotts Valley 

6360 Conner Bauch Santa Cruz 

6361 Tanner Gilbert Santa Cruz 

6362 Klista Rogers Santa Cruz 

6363 Michelle Durst Soquel 

6364 Nicole Lenoski Santa Cruz 

6365 Scott Beale La Selva Beach 

6366 Tiffany Wise-West Capitola 

6367 Jim Alberti Santa Cruz 

6368 David Bush Santa Cruz 

6369 Jordan Nunes Santa Clara 

6370 Gabriel Carhart Half Moon Bay 

6371 Christian Sanchez San Jose 

6372 Balicia Embemate Capitola 

6373 Naomi Emberante Soquel 

6374 Shane Ross Santa Cruz 

6375 Kalin Greeninger Santa Cruz 

6376 Rick Hofstetter Santa Cruz 

6377 Kyle Hofstetter Boulder Creek 

6378 Ralph Rauscher Scotts Valley 

6379 Robert Hilton Boulder Creek 

6380 Charlene Hofstetter Boulder Creek 

6381 Merry Crowen Gilroy 

6382 Marie Sikora Ben Lomond 

6383 Karen Shea Santa Cruz 

6384 Jim Sikora Ben lomond 

6385 Randy Klein Ben lomond 

6386 Bob Pagett Scotts Valley 

6387 Charlene Mcintyre Los Gatos 

6388 Michelle Sudfeld Scotts Valley 

6389 Cheryl Reboltaro Scotts Valley 

6390 Lauren Yungmeyer Scotts Valley 

6391 Greg Feinberg Parkfield 

6392 Shirley Rasmussen Parkfield 

6393 Linda O'Dell Winchester 

6394 Kathy StJohn Boulder Creek 

6395 ian Morris Boulder Creek 

6396 Deborah Klerting Felton 

6397 Ted Dersch Santa Cruz 

6398 Patricia Henderson Santa Cruz 

6399 George Henderson Santa Cruz 
561 


Insert offset folio 628 here 98942A.530

6400 Mackenzie Cameron Santa Cruz 

6401 George Cameron Santa Cruz 

6402 Betsy Cameron Santa Cruz 

6403 David OelaRus Santa Cruz 

6404 Jeff Luteanauer Soquel 

6405 Helen Cocilova Ben Lomond 

6406 Larry Herzberg Boulder Creek 

6407 Sue HeiZberg Boulder Creek 

6408 Jennifer Todd Jurupa Valley 

6409 Charlene Schramm Jurupa Valley 

6410 Hans Leuthold Santa Cruz 

6411 Patsy Johnston Santa Cruz 

6412 Charlene Ackerman Parkfield 

6413 Greg Feinberg Parkfield 

6414 Tricia Dalton Santa Cruz 

6415 Kelli Oberto Watsonville 

6416 Mary Sullivan-White Bonny Doon 

6417 Camilla Boolootian Santa Cruz 

6418 Karen Gosling Santa Cruz 

6419 Rod Cabom Soquel 

6420 Jacob Levine Santa Cruz 

6421 Travis Catalano Santa Cruz 

6422 Brandon Bates Soquel 

6423 Emma Hawkins Soquel 

6424 Zachary Yamashita Santa Cruz 

6425 Ben Hudson Aptos 

6426 Christina Dassler Santa Cruz 

6427 Ursula Barshi Santa Cruz 

6428 Ellen Farmer Santa Cruz 

6429 Coleen Douglas Santa Cruz 

6430 John Cunniff Santa Cruz 

6431 Kin Woodland Santa Cruz 

6432 Bonnie Friedmann Santa Cruz 

6433 Danielle Garland Aptos 

6434 James Rohan Watsonville 

6435 Cheryl Ban Capitola 

6436 Ina Nadbomy Santa Cruz 

6437 Urrnila Schmit Cahn Capitola 

6438 Sandy Rich Capitola 

6439 Dee Roe Santa Cruz 

6440 Barbara Weigel Santa Cruz 

6441 Frank Menogh Santa Cruz 

6442 Mary Quillin Santa Cruz 

6443 Agon Xharrd Santa Cruz 

6444 Hope Bowe Santa Cruz 

6445 Joe Davis Aptos 

6446 Eileen He not Imperial Beach 

6447 Katie Fuller Santa Cruz 

6448 Naomi Lyall Scotts Valley 

6449 Rohan Mahy Santa Cruz 

6450 Charlene Titts Scotts Valley 

6451 Brad Flanders Boulder Creek 

6452 Patrcia Chavez Capitola 

6453 Megan Thiele Santa Cruz 

6454 Gail Howell Greenboro, NC 
562 


Insert offset folio 629 here 98942A.531

6455 Hector Rodreguez Salinas 

6456 Maggie Rodreguez Salinas 

6457 Jamie Schretzler Santa Cruz 

6458 Ariel Ferrel Santa Cruz 

6459 Anthony Crawford Aptos 

6460 Harvey Gottlieb Santa Cruz 

6461 Peggy Mawson Ramona 

6462 Yazmin Juarez Santa Cruz 

6463 Vania Gonzaluez Santa Cruz 

6464 Sarah Hoover Boulder Creek 

6465 Conor McDermott Santa Cruz 

6466 Hannah Freeman Scotts Valley 

6467 Francisco Prax Royal Oaks 

6468 Ryan Worden Santa Cruz 

6469 Hans Mifflin Watsonville 

6470 Emily Urn Santa Cruz 

6471 Trevor Eikenbary Santa Cruz 

6472 Adriana Diaz Gilroy 

6473 Chris Green Watsonville 

6474 Lance Thompson Soquel 

6475 Tyler Jniquez Watsonville 

6476 Jorge Zomra Watsonville 

64 77 Veronica Zomra Watsonville 

6478 Gloria Garing La Selva Beach 

6479 Ben Post Aptos 

6480 Vahid Motazedian San Mateo 

6481 Aloke Mukhe~ee Watsonville 

6482 Patsy Gasca Salinas 

6483 Ron Sandidge Aptos 

6484 Vince Garda Aromas 

6485 Douglas Feusecl Watsonville 

6486 Rick Pensotf Watsonville 

6487 Amy Batletl Watsonville 

6488 Jonah Harder Harder Santa Cruz 

6489 Casey Meyers Santa Cruz 

6490 Lydia Harder Santa Cruz 

6491 Felicitan Ferid Ben Lomond 

6492 Russell Brown Felton 

6493 Michael zara Santa Cruz 

6494 Lisa Krieger San Jose 

6495 Rory Hoover Santa Cruz 

6496 Cypress Appley Santa Cruz 

6497 Owen Simmons Santa Cruz 

6498 Parker Haenny Pescadero 

6499 Rachel Menge Santa Cruz 

6500 Cameron Meyers Santa Cruz 

6501 Libby Johnson Santa Cruz 

6502 Casey Swank Felton 

6503 Vanessa Kuhlman Santa Cruz 

6504 Luke Tokunaga Santa Cruz 

6505 Jonathan Carmona Watsonville 

6506 Angel Sanchez Santa Cruz 

6507 Eduardo Murillo Watsonville 

6508 Mirtam Rodrtguez Santa Cruz 

6509 Elana Nadel Santa Cruz 
563 


Insert offset folio 630 here 98942A.532

6510 Julia Gallo Santa Cruz 

6511 Mare Caitin Ben Lomond 

6512 Edwin Galindo Salinas 

6513 Llami Komiya Santa Cruz 

6514 Courtney Clark Scotts Valley 

6515 Cynthia Fernandez Soledad 

6516 James Gaeta Santa Clara 

6517 Milan Balinton San Jose 

6518 Charles Wilson San Jose 

6519 Mikko Florante San Jose 

6520 Leonard Hogan San Jose 

6521 Angelica Ramos San Jose 

6522 Noveed Safipoor San Mateo 

6523 Lucas Ramirez Mountain View 

6524 Alex Wara San Jose 

6525 Janzy Marquez Watsonville 

6526 Alejandro Anaya Watsonville 

6527 Laura Magana Capitola 

6528 Jesse Godfrey Watsonville 

6529 Aidan Tousley Santa Cruz 

6530 Mia Stofield Santa Cruz 

6531 Stephanie Bell Santa Cruz 

6532 Christine Smith Santa Cruz 

6533 Matisse Madrone Boulder Creek 

6534 Elliot Ames Boulder Creek 

6535 Julio Pizano Salinas 

6536 Aurora Navamo Royal Oaks 

6537 Analuisa DeAlba Hollister 

6538 Guadalupe Mendoza Watsonville 

6539 Jacob Gottlieb Santa Cruz 

6540 Mathew Helser Aptos 

6541 Raven Adams Santa Cruz 

6542 Riley Curran Sacramento 

6543 Jenna Harrison Santa Cruz 

6544 Diana BroVIIf"' Santa Cruz 

6545 Jenna Block Aptos 

6546 Don McKechnie Sierrauille 

6547 ian Maymder Santa Cruz 

6548 Lynn McKechnie Sierrauille 

6549 Zoe Wright Santa Cruz 

6550 Alie Smart Soquel 

6551 Jean Mahney Santa Cruz 

6552 Miriam Goldberg Santa Cruz 

6553 CG Gettleman Santa Cruz 

6554 Martha Dyer Santa Cruz 

6555 Nancy Ness Soquel 

6556 Mary Thomas Santa Cruz 

6557 Laura Davis Santa Cruz 

6558 Carmen Bema! Capitola 

6559 Anne Mascovich Aptos 

6560 Autumn Ramirez Sunnyvale 

6561 Xavier Hesson Sunnyvale 

6562 Jeff Schmelter Santa Cruz 

6563 Gloria Suffery Santa Cruz 

6564 Mark Stove! Santa Cruz 
564 


Insert offset folio 631 here 98942A.533

6565 Barton Beek Santa Cruz 

6566 Jim Ueb Santa Cruz 

6567 Rozanne Mallaie Honlulu, HI 

6568 Ashley Dvorak Santa Cruz 

6569 Pamela Claments Santa Cruz 

6570 Dan Stevenson Ben lomond 

6571 Steele Tsoumas Portland, OR 

6572 Julia Paganelli Santa Cruz 

6573 Kata Paganelli Santa Cruz 

6574 Andy Couturier Santa Cruz 

6575 Frances Hatfield Santa Cruz 

6576 Diane Booe McAllen, TX 

6577 Jufiette Gallagher Santa Cruz 

6578 Gregory Ortiz Santa Cruz 

6579 Mamoura Slike Santa Cruz 

6580 Pawl Glick San Jose 

6581 Monica warshin Santa Cruz 

6582 Sarah Lynes Santa Cruz 

6583 Nikolai DeHara Felton 

6584 Anneke Levine Santa Cruz 

6585 Joseph Cook Santa Cruz 

6586 Jamie Epstein Santa Cruz 

6587 Nicole Moore Santa Cruz 

6588 Jameson Porteo Corralitos 

6589 Therese Kosary Venice, FL 

6590 Meidle Gubbons Santa Cruz 

6591 Irene Hunter Santa Cruz 

6592 can Cupp Santa Cruz 

6593 Pizala Lee SomeJVille, MA 

6594 Alicia Davis Santa Cruz 

6595 Pralle Landa Ithaca, NY 

6596 Amy Coffin Santa Cruz 

6597 Ramon Menton Santa Cruz 

6598 Steven Menton Santa Cruz 

6599 Felicita Rasul Santa Cruz 

6600 Susan Worth Soquel 

6601 Sue Zesky Cardiff 

6602 Evelin Zarate Prunedale 

6603 Chad Sa lester Monterey 

6604 Hallie Cohen Santa Cruz 

6605 Anita Conte San Jose 

6606 Lily Espriella Santa Cruz 

6607 Ethan Zertncha Santa Cruz 

6608 Sarah Brown Santa Cruz 

6609 Sadie Brown SantaCruz 

6610 Holly Rustay Aptos 

6611 Miles Garbord Aptos 

6612 Melanie Wa~ers Santa Cruz 

6613 Francine Gottlieb Stockton 

6614 Chas White Felton 

6615 Abraham VanVliet Watsonville 

6616 Susan Suiver Scotts Valley 

6617 Sarai Hobson-Piiego Santa Cruz 

6618 Amy Hike! Austin, TX 

6619 Kim McCleary Winnsboro, TX 
565 


Insert offset folio 632 here 98942A.534

6620 Annie Weikel Ben Lomond 

6621 Wesley Camighan Boulder Creek 

6622 Justin Eatinger Santa Cruz 

6623 Ann Eatinger Santa Cruz 

6624 Will Maximiow Santa Cruz 

6625 Mathew Atchison Santa Cruz 

6626 John Gaston lompico 

6627 Karen Kabille Santa Cruz 

6628 Jason Mandell Santa Cruz 

6629 John Hakkab felton 

6630 Pamela Lackey Harrisburg, PA 

6631 Nicole Salicc Santa Cruz 

6632 Robert Slettar Santa Cruz 

6633 Patrick Williams Santa Cruz 

6634 Maggie Caballero Cancun, Mexico 

6635 Omar Nunt Moutain View 

6636 Gabriel Gomez Santa Cruz 

6637 Steven Fornal Santa Cruz 

6638 Mark Lee Brookings, OR 

6639 Cheryl Briges Orangevale 

6640 Cecilia Kuening Aptos 

6641 Silvia Rodrigues Santa Cruz 

6642 Mario Nunes San Fransisco, CA 

6643 Monica Ponre San Fransisco, CA 

6644 Diego Nunez San Fransisco, CA 

6645 Carolyn Brown Oakland 

6646 Matthew Chaney Santa Cruz 

6647 Emily Beck San Jose 

6648 Justin Beck Campbell 

6649 Eamon Briggs Santa Cruz 

6650 Tracy Cotton Santa Cruz 

6651 Mark Davidson Scotts Valley 

6652 Matthew DeYoung Santa Cruz 

6653 Rhett Frantz Santa Cruz 

6654 Megan Genelos Campbell 

6655 Steven Gene los Campbell 

6656 Julie Kanagy Felton 

6657 Emma Kelsey Santa Cruz 

6658 David Lockwood Santa Cruz 

6659 Nikolas Martinelli Santa Cruz 

6660 lindsay Overton Santa Cruz 

6661 Andrew Porter Santa Cruz 

6662 Matt Rohan Aptos 

6663 Marty Stevenson 

6664 Meggan Wenboume Santa Cruz 

6665 Brad Williamson Aptos 
566 


Insert offset folio 633 here 98942A.535

6666 Lydia Abler Santa Cruz 

6667 Zack Anderson Fullerton 

6668 James Bra then 

6669 Suzanne Brothen 

6670 Robert Campbell Redwood City 

6671 Stefano Como Saratoga 

6672 David B Encizo Banning 

6673 Joleen Fields Palos Hills 

6674 Barry Grimm Bonny Doon 

6675 Laura Heinemann Roseville 

6676 Helke Hiss San Francisco 

6677 Stephen Holman Los Angeles 

6678 Bamboo IIana Felton 

6679 KellyJ Johnson San Jose 

6680 Matthew Lovett~Barron Palo Alto 

6681 Lindsey Moore Lafayette 

6682 Monica Mulligan Park Ridge 

6683 Richard Paequa! Sonora 

6684 Nancy Parker Felton 

6685 Sarah Pike Palo Alto 

6686 Erin Rasmussen Spanish Fork 

6687 Annette Rau Los Gatos 

6688 John Rickets Felton 

6689 Borbcralynn Rouse San Jose 

6690 Lynn Rouse Ben lomond 

6691 Connor Rugaard Danville 

6692 Devin Rugaard Danville 

6693 Coyliss Schug 

6694 Lerour Strom! 

6695 Keith Swick Felton 

6696 Melissa Swick Felton 

6697 Noranette Swick Schaumburg 

6698 Sachie Tanaka Cupertino 

6699 Elsen Bram van Straalen 

6700 Desrochers Veronia Quebec 

6701 Nathaniel Weinberg Woodland Hills 

6702 Virginia A Weinberg Woodland Hills 

6703 Zoe Wentzel Seattle 

6704 Mary-Ann Alig Boulder Creek 
567 


Insert offset folio 634 here 98942A.536

6705 Serena Broderick Monterey 

6706 Sarah Crandall Felton 

6707 Chance Decker Santa Cruz 

6708 Teresa Decker Santa Cruz 

6709 Samantha Goodfellow Santa Cruz 

6710 Larry LeBron Santa Cruz 

6711 Sean Malone Santa Cruz 

6712 Rebecca McKee Santa Cruz 

6713 Tory Ortiz Santa Cruz 

6714 Matt Piazza Scotts Valley 

6715 LJ Stevenson Boca Raton 

6716 Monica Tavera Santa Cruz 

6717 Peter Taylor Santa Cruz 

6718 Amanda Triplett Santa Cruz 

6719 Eri Twang Santa Cruz 

6720 Lindsay Wright Yosemite 

6721 Ashwin Bala Aliso Viejo 

6722 Robert Beck San Juan Capistrano 

6723 Janice Brown Oceanside 

6724 Michael Dixon San Clemente 

6725 Mehrdad Hug hi Mission Viejo 

6726 Asad Jahengiri Mission Viejo 

6727 Mohsin Kibriya Laguna Niguel 

6728 Talmage Mitchell San Clemente 

6729 Mimi Nguyen Murrieta 

6730 Kyle Norgren San Clemente 

6731 Angelena Ormonde Dana Point 

6732 Shina Sherman San Clemente 

6733 Jan Siebert Laguna Hills 

6734 Hunter Stamatelos San Clemente 

6735 Matt Velthoen Oceanside 

6736 Sanchit Wadhwa Tustin 

6737 Eddie Wang Lake Forest 

6738 Rynn Watson San Clemente 

6739 Beau Wilson San Clemente 

67 40 Catherine Aylesworth Santa Clara 

6741 William Aylesworth Santa Clara 

67 42 Michael Barnhart Ben Lomond 

6743 Caleb Borcherding Santa Cruz 
568 


Insert offset folio 635 here 98942A.537

6744 AJ Davis Boulder Creek 

6745 Pat Doughty San Jose 

6746 Beckett Glass Boulder Creek 

6747 Cliff Hodges Santa Cruz 

6748 Julie Jones Santa Cruz 

6749 James Kim San Jose 

6750 Jennifer Lange San Mateo 

6751 Amrtabh Mervin Santa Clara 

6752 Michele Neely Santa Clara 

6753 Avani Patel Fremont 

6754 Rishi Patel Fremont 

6755 Caitlin Phillips Santa Cruz 

6756 Kristin Pugh Los Gatos 

6757 Maya Rubin Saratoga 

6758 Michael Rubin Saratoga 

6759 Cartos Victoria~Orozco San Mateo 

6760 Sarah Ainsnan Santa Cruz 

6761 Kira Akka-Seldel Santa Cruz 

6762 Laurelel Atesna Salinas 

6763 Juana Alfaro Corralitos 

6764 Donna Jo Auza Santa Cruz 

6765 Noah Bassi Santa Cruz 

6766 Sarah Benjamin Santa Cruz 

6767 Marianne Bickley Santa Cruz 

6768 Elizabeth Borst Santa Cruz 

6769 Davis Brantley Santa Cruz 

6770 Jose Brayus Santa Cruz 

6771 Rebecca Brown Santa Cruz 

6772 Paul Carlson Santa Cruz 

6773 Catherine Carlstroem Santa Cruz 

6774 Scott Carson Capitola 

6775 Erick Castillo Santa Cruz 

6776 Kate Celluei Santa Cruz 

6777 Ray Ching Santa Cruz 

6778 Bruce Dan Santa Cruz 

6779 Ross Danbury London 

6780 Deb deBruyn Santa Cruz 

6781 Alexa Del Rosano Los Angeles 

6782 Kaitlyn DelValle Santa Cruz 
569 


Insert offset folio 636 here 98942A.538

6783 Eanizoo Diaz Santa Cruz 

6784 Maggie Dickson Aptos 

6785 David Dixon Santa Barbara 

6786 Phoebe Dlott Santa Cruz 

6787 Chris Dobson Santa Cruz 

6788 Nataly Oybens Santa Cruz 

6789 Shannon Earl Santa Cruz 

6790 Steven Esterly Palo Alto 

6791 Susan Esterly Palo Alto 

6792 Rowan Fairgrove San Jose 

6793 Kyoko Freemon Bonny Doon 

6794 Alex Galindo Santa Cruz 

6795 Aron Garst Santa Cruz 

6796 Patrick Goold Gilroy 

6797 Steven Graff Aptos 

6798 Emilyn Green Santa Cruz 

6799 Nicciene Gregg Santa Cruz 

6800 Francis Grenier Santa Cruz 

6801 Emily Harrington Santa Cruz 

6802 Gail Has pert Mountain View 

6803 Laurel Haspert San Jose 

6804 Jaime Hernandez Santa Cruz 

6805 Kelly Herron Santa Cruz 

6806 Diana Hodge Santa Cruz 

6807 George Hopkins Santa Cruz 

6808 Sarah Huff Santa Cruz 

6809 Lorna Hunt Aptos 

6810 John Jenkins San Jose 

6811 Mike Jerry Santa Cruz 

6812 Ara Johnson Felton 

6813 Kristi Johnston Santa Cruz 

6814 Jasper Jones Santa Cruz 

6815 Amir Karimzadeh Santa Cruz 

6816 Rami Karimzadeh Santa Cruz 

6817 Alyssa Khan Santa Cruz 

6818 Dana Lane Santa Cruz 

6819 Aili Langseth Santa Cruz 

6820 Anna Lauridsen Scotts Valley 

6821 Lynn Lauridsen Scotts Valley 
570 


Insert offset folio 637 here 98942A.539

6822 Ashley Lawrence-Pine Scotts Valley 

6823 Jordan Le Santa Cruz 

6824 Anna Ledbetter Santa Cruz 

6825 Scott Ledterma Santa Cruz 

6826 Courtney Lemon Santa Cruz 

6827 Dave Loop Aptos 

6828 Mariyn Lucier Santa Cruz 

6829 John Lyles 

6830 Drew Macias Santa Cruz 

6831 Taylor Mardell Santa Cruz 

6832 Matthew Marichiba Santa Cruz 

6833 Olivia Market Santa Cruz 

6834 Kennan Martin Santa Cruz 

6835 Caitlin McBride Santa Cruz 

6836 Alex Meeihhin Santa Cruz 

6837 Fatima Miranda Santa Cruz 

6838 Christine Ongjoco Santa Cruz 

6839 Miguel Pena Santa Cruz 

6840 Sonia Pena Santa Cruz 

6841 Alyssa Perry Santa Cruz 

6842 Caitlin Phillips Santa Cruz 

6843 Josh Ramirez 

6844 Jonathan Ratliff Santa Cruz 

6845 Lee Richeson Santa Cruz 

6846 Karen Rivas Santa Cruz 

6847 Zoe Rosenblum San Francisco 

6848 Rebecca Sale Santa Cruz 

6849 Christina Saud an Concord 

6850 Neal Savage Capitola 

6851 Gregory Schmidt Ben lomond 

6852 Grace Shefcik Santa Cruz 

6853 Sharon Shubhankar Santa Cruz 

6854 Robert Spoden Santa Cruz 

6855 Christopher Sutherlin Santa Cruz 

6856 Suini Torres Santa Cruz 

6857 Ferg Upton colorado 

6858 Robert Vorce Wenatchee 

6859 Leon Wong Santa Cruz 

6860 Deven Wood Santa Cruz 
571 


Insert offset folio 638 here 98942A.540

6861 Susan Wright Capitola 

6862 Elise Zareie Santa Cruz 

6863 Stephanie Aguilar Scotts Valley 

6864 Lucy Archibald Boulder Creek 

6865 Ed Atkins Boulder Creek 

6866 Elaine Bailey Ben Lomond 

6867 Robin Baker Berkeley 

6868 Jon Sa lakin Santa Cruz 

6869 Myranda Barker Felton 

6870 Robin Baustian Boulder Creek 

6871 Rick Bean Santa Cruz 

6872 Eileen Bennett Felton 

6873 Lynn Berman Bellingham 

6874 Anton Bischoff-Fredick: San Jose 

6875 Chrtstine Bohn Felton 

6876 Lucas Bol Santa Cruz 

6877 Carrie Bowman Felton 

6878 Martin Burt Aptos 

6879 David Campbell Santa Cruz 

6880 Daniel Carter Santa Cruz 

6881 Brock Chapin Felton 

6882 Julie Chapin Felton 

6883 Leslie Churan Felton 

6884 Jerry Connery Aptos 

6885 Jules Crisi Melbourne 

6886 Annie Daellenbach Watsonville 

6887 Mamie Defosset Boulder Creek 

6888 Patrtcia Denevan Santa Cruz 

6889 Miriam Diaz Felton 

6890 Bonnie Diner Felton 

6891 Paul Dubiel Santa Cruz 

6892 Tory Dubiel Santa Cruz 

6893 Larry Ebright Boulder Creek 

6894 Matt Elliott Santa Cruz 

6895 Lynn Fazio San Mateo 

6896 Lorraine Flores Felton 

6897 Christina Floyd Santa Cruz 

6898 Jenna Francis Ben Lomond 

6899 Kelly Francis Ben lomond 
572 


Insert offset folio 639 here 98942A.541

6900 Brtan Frederick Ben Lomond 

6901 John Frederick Ben Lomond 

6902 Zach Frederick Ben Lomond 

6903 Jane Gallagher Aptos 

6904 Susan Gaspar Scotts Valley 

6905 Rachel Gellman Saratoga 

6906 Jim Gentes Soquel 

6907 Chrtstopher Grimes Ben Lomond 

6908 Kim Gunther Santa Cruz 

6909 June Hamblin Felton 

6910 Shelli Hannah Ben Lomond 

6911 Amy Hauer Ben Lomond 

6912 Cassandra Haworth Boulder Creek 

6913 Madison Haworth Boulder Creek 

6914 Mallory Haworth Boulder Creek 

6915 Skylar Haworth Boulder Creek 

6916 Ella Heaney Melbourne 

6917 Ella Hecko Santa Cruz 

6918 Chrts Holmes Felton 

6919 Skye Holmes Felton 

6920 Chrtstiane Holtzman Santa Cruz 

6921 Richael Houborg Felton 

6922 Tom Howland Corralitos 

6923 Peter Hutkins Felton 

6924 Matthew Jelmini Ben Lomond 

6925 McKinley Jelmini Ben Lomond 

6926 Janelle Jewell Boulder Creek 

6927 Brennan Johnson Livermore 

6928 Kelly Johnson livermore 

6929 Parker Johnson Livermore 

6930 Ron Johnson Livermore 

6931 Ronald Johnson Livermore 

6932 Marcella Jones Los Gatos 

6933 Melissa Jullig Santa Cruz 

6934 Susie Kaplan Santa Cruz 

6935 Molly Kavanaugh Felton 

6936 Laurel Keeffe Boulder Creek 

6937 Devon Kelley Santa Cruz 

6938 Stacie Kerl Felton 
573 


Insert offset folio 640 here 98942A.542

6939 Shannon Marie Kerr Scotts Valley 

6940 Georgia King Santa Cruz 

6941 Chris Kling Felton 

6942 Hanna Kling Felton 

6943 Denys Kozakis Santa Cruz 

6944 Suanne Kreusch 

6945 Rosalinda Lameira Boulder Creek 

6946 Jason Leach Felton 

6947 Erin Lee Santa Cruz 

6948 George Little Ben lomond 

6949 Katherine Little Ben Lomond 

6950 Bob Lynch Los Gatos 

6951 Laurie Lynch Los Gatos 

6952 Rena MacDonell Felton 

6953 Nicole Madison Concord 

6954 Christine Major Santa Cruz 

6955 Mei Manzo Felton 

6956 Rich Marotta Santa Cruz 

6957 Thomas Martin Saratoga 

6958 Lauren May Ben Lomond 

6959 Eva McCarthy Santa Cruz 

6960 Matt McCarthy Santa Cruz 

6961 Haley McCown Felton 

6962 Kathym McCown Felton 

6963 Lyse McGilvery Ben Lomond 

6964 Ryan Melnick Santa Cruz 

6965 Adam Mendoza San Jose 

6966 Jenna Mendoza Ben Lomond 

6967 Peggy Meserth Boulder Creek 

6968 Gail Meyer Santa Cruz 

6969 Barbara Miller Ben Lomond 

6970 Parker Miller Ben Lomond 

6971 Helen Milne Santa Cruz 

6972 Victoria Milo San Jose 

6973 Camille Moitozo Scotts Valley 

6974 Leslie Nelson Felton 

6975 Sarah Newkirk Felton 

6976 Tyler Olson-Diehl Boulder Creek 

6977 Angel Pan Felton 
574 


Insert offset folio 641 here 98942A.543

6978 Garimo Pape Felton 

6979 John Parsons Santa Cruz 

6980 Joan Peterson Santa Cruz 

6981 Ricci Pineau Scotts Valley 

6982 Susan Preble Ben Lomond 

6983 Jessica Puccinelli Scotts Valley 

6984 Michael Que Felton 

6985 Giouanni Randazzo Los Gatos 

6986 Tom Randazzo Los Gatos 

6987 Ertn Ray Ben Lomond 

6988 Paul Regen Felton 

6989 Josh Reilly Ben Lomond 

6990 Jonmichael Rich Sacramento 

6991 Linda Rickabauch Boulder Creek 

6992 Marile Robinson SantaCruz 

6993 Kevin Romero Santa Cruz 

6994 Ann Rosales Capitola 

6995 William Ruehl Felton 

6996 Dan Russell Watsonville 

6997 Julia Schibsted Santa Cruz 

6998 Bethany Schulze Santa Cruz 

6999 J Schwanlz Felton 

7000 Carol Shaw Felton 

7001 Chase Smith Boulder Creek 

7002 Sarah Snyder Boulder Creek 

7003 Lenore Steitz Felton 

7004 Anita Stoddart Boulder Creek 

7005 Elizabeth Swain Boulder Creek 

7006 Michael Tarbet Felton 

7007 Priva Tarbet Felton 

7008 Lois Taylor Felton 

7009 Sue Terence Somes Bar 

7010 Mark Thomas Felton 

7011 Dogan Timucin Santa Cruz 

7012 Lauren Timucin Santa Cruz 

7013 Linda Timucin Santa Cruz 

7014 Sophie Timucin Santa Cruz 

7015 Melissa Trail-Grimes Ben Lomond 

7016 Maria Treuge Santa Cruz 
575 


Insert offset folio 642 here 98942A.544

7017 Jerome Tsao Santa Cruz 

7018 Julie-Anne Tucker San Francisco 

7019 Zach Velasco Livermore 

7020 Richael Volheim Felton 

7021 Karen Weber Boulder Creek 

7022 Sue Welsh Boulder Creek 

7023 Natosha Wengreen Felton 

7024 Linda Weyers Santa Cruz 

7025 Susan Whitehill Ben Lomond 

7026 Traci Windel Felton 

7027 Nicole Wing Los Gatos 

7028 Windi Wojdak Felton 

7029 Sharon Zabel Boulder Creek 

7030 Steven Zabel Boulder Creek 

7031 Kyle Abbott Santa Cruz 

7032 Payam Abrishami San Jose 

7033 Mary Acaccia San Jose 

7034 AI Adamsen Capitola 

7035 Hannah Anderson Santa Cruz 

7036 Elisha Arnone Santa Cruz 

7037 Jeremy Bailey Santa Cruz 

7038 Sumedh Bala Mountain View 

7039 Luz Banagan Moss Landing 

7040 Bianca Bautista Santa Cruz 

7041 Anne Berne Santa Cruz 

7042 Julie Bishop San Jose 

7043 Paula Blanco San Francisco 

7044 Shane Boswell Los Gatos 

7045 Carrie Burr Aptos 

7046 Matt Cano Palo Alto 

7047 Kielan Crow San Francisco 

7048 Hiro Dep San Jose 

7049 Stephanie Eng San Mateo 

7050 Andra Farstad Santa Cruz 

7051 Amber Glaab Santa Cruz 

7052 Parker Haenny Pescadero 

7053 Ryan Heuice Half Moon Bay 

7054 Allison Hibbard San Jose 

7055 Mircea tone sea Santa Cruz 
576 


Insert offset folio 643 here 98942A.545

7056 Jack James San Francisco 

7057 Mason Kelly Davenport 

7058 Oliver Lechenne Fremont 

7059 Brittany Lewis Capitola 

7060 Marian Lu San Jose 

7061 Sarah Macy Santa Cruz 

7062 Kelton McMahon Santa Cruz 

7063 Corey Miller Santa Cruz 

7064 Colby Moeller Santa Cruz 

7065 John Morris Mammoth Lakes 

7066 Yuen Ng Cupertino 

7067 Todd Nicklaus Casto Valley 

7068 Rachel O'Sullivan Santa Cruz 

7069 Devynn Patterson San Jose 

7070 Jennifer Pearl Walnut Creek 

7071 Tara Pesta Santa Cruz 

7072 Maryanne RehbeflJ SantaCruz 

7073 Lisa Ridino Santa Cruz 

7074 Elizabeth Roland San Francisco 

7075 Hannah Russin San Francisco 

7076 Elizabeth Serafin Santa Cruz 

7077 OWen Simmons Santa Cruz 

7078 Herman Smith Milpitas 

7079 Kerth Sprtzer SantaCruz 

7080 Edward Swan Santa Cruz 

7081 Mike Szeles SantaCruz 

7082 Daisy Valentin Aromas 

7083 Amy Wei Cupertino 

7084 Don Wiberg Santa Cruz 

7085 Michele Wiech a San Francisco 

7086 Karen Wilson Santa Cruz 

7087 Ben Wolfe Aptos 

7088 Georgene Ales Santa Cruz 

7089 Sam Amico Santa Cruz 

7090 Wendy Bears child Hollister 

7091 Christine Berry Santa Cruz 

7092 Linda Cover Santa Cruz 

7093 Genie Dee San Lorenzo Valley 

7094 Jim Delongchamp Santa Cruz 
577 


Insert offset folio 644 here 98942A.546

7095 Danny Diaz Santa Cruz 

7096 Regine Frare Berlin 

7097 Lisa Garratt Santa Cruz 

7098 Christie Hogeland Santa Cruz 

7099 Marl< Hunt Watsonville 

7100 Margie Jennings Aptos 

7101 Lauren Krikke Felton 

7102 Xander Krikke Felton 

7103 Zane Krikke Felton 

7104 Doris Kunz Berlin 

7105 Sharyl Maraviov Scotts Valley 

7106 Kathleen Matthews Berkeley 

7107 Jane McCord Santa Cruz 

7108 Dylan McCrystal Santa Cruz 

7109 Audrey McDonald Santa Cruz 

7110 Miranda McGee Santa Cruz 

7111 Gail Millsap-Stolp 

7112 Eileen Morrissey Santa Cruz 

7113 Barbara Novelli Santa Cruz 

7114 Kery Pennison Santa Cruz 

7115 David Quinn 

7116 Claudio Schnier Santa Cruz 

7117 John Stolp 

7118 Cambria Stuart 

7119 John Stuart 

7120 Kelley Thomson 

7121 Camille Walkuski Felton 

7122 Marie Walkuski Santa Cruz 

7123 Sharon Williams Santa Cruz 

7124 Kris Agerbeek Scotts Valley 

7125 Kimber Ashley Santa Cruz 

7126 Holly Astrella Ben Lomond 

7127 Aaron August Santa Cruz 

7128 Cat Avalon Boulder Creek 

7129 Bnana Bames Santa Cruz 

7130 Jess Barrera Felton 

7131 Alan Bockenstedt Strawberry Point 

7132 Chris Bockenstedt Strawberry Point 

7133 Nexus Bolin Santa Cruz 
578 


Insert offset folio 645 here 98942A.547

7134 Becka Bo\Nillan Felton 

7135 Heather Bowman Felton 

7136 Eileen Boyle Prunedale 

7137 Mia Bradford San Diego 

7138 Cindy Brinkmann Los Gatos 

7139 Eric Brown Santa Cruz 

7140 Ruby Brown Santa Cruz 

7141 Brian Brunk Monterey 

7142 Craig Bua Carmel Valley 

7143 Becky Buskikic Reedley 

7144 Danny Buskirk Reedley 

7145 Jennie Campbell Hercules 

7146 Stephan Campbell Hercules 

7147 Kathy Chesus Ben Lomond 

7148 Mary Claire Felton 

7149 Cindy Clark Santa Cruz 

7150 Patricia Clarke La Selva Beach 

7151 Kyle Colby Ben Lomond 

7152 Olive Colby Ben Lomond 

7153 Joyce Davenport Santa Cruz 

7154 Mamie Defosset Boulder Creek 

7155 Sharon DeJong Scotts Valley 

7156 Michael Demers Corralitos 

7157 Kirk Dudley Los Gatos 

7158 Steve Edmonds Boulder Creek 

7159 Amy Elliott San Jose 

7160 Donald Endres Brisbane 

7161 Jennifer Endres Brisbane 

7162 Kathy Englert Ben Lomond 

7163 Paul Englert Ben Lomond 

7164 David Florence Boulder Creek 

7165 Jenne!! Fulkner Monterey 

7166 Anne Garsea Boulder Creek 

7167 Billie Geld reich Felton 

7168 Jenna Geldreich Berkeley 

7169 Leigh Goldberg Portland 

7170 Lisa Goodrich Scotts Valley 

7171 Bob Goulet Santa Cruz 

7172 Hallie Greene Felton 
579 


Insert offset folio 646 here 98942A.548

7173 Abby Halper Boulder Creek 

7174 Melissa Hardy Soquel 

7175 Michael Hart Aptos 

7176 Elaine Hauder Boulder Creek 

7177 Jennifer Hennig Boulder Creek 

7178 Dominique Herbert Boulder Creek 

7179 Shane Hoff Ben Lomond 

7180 Lesley Holtaway Aptos 

7181 Bill Horgos Aptos 

7182 Tim Huxley Boulder Creek 

7183 Towhee Huxley Boulder Creek 

7184 Randall Jacobsen Santa Cruz 

7185 Eric James Soquel 

7186 Benita Jones Felton 

7187 Sally Jones Monterey 

7188 Scott Kunkle Santa Cruz 

7189 Mandy lariz Boulder Creek 

7190 Keny LeRoux Ben Lomond 

7191 Megan Levanian Santa Cruz 

7192 Ryan levitre Ben Lomond 

7193 Barbara Lewis Felton 

7194 Brad Loe Santa Cruz 

7195 Susan Loe Santa Cruz 

7196 Jason Long Felton 

7197 Amanda Lauria Mountain View 

7198 Brooke Lynch Capitola 

7199 Susan Mahan Santa Cruz 

7200 Hannah Malone Santa Cruz 

7201 Jeanne Marie Santa Cruz 

7202 Eric Matlock Reno 

7203 Dean McDaniel Soquel 

7204 Marty McDonald Santa Cruz 

7205 Lisa Mclean Boulder Creek 

7206 Peter Melton Watsonville 

7207 Melissa Mendoza San Francisco 

7208 Kennan Menton 

7209 Sue Messa Los Gatos 

7210 Patty Mullinax Santa Cruz 

7211 Klara Murray Boulder Creek 
580 


Insert offset folio 647 here 98942A.549

7212 Mike Murray Boulder Creek 

7213 James Neff Felton 

7214 Lisa Nicolosi Ben lomond 

7215 Jay Nitikman Felton 

7216 Noreen Nolan Santa Cruz 

7217 Marsha Noro Boulder Creek 

7218 Antoinette Norton Felton 

7219 Peter Norton Felton 

7220 Robert Nunes Aptos 

7221 Sharon Nunes Aptos 

7222 Jason Olver Scotts Valley 

7223 Dylan Opitz Boulder Creek 

7224 Bruce Packer Santa Cruz 

7225 Annie Palmer Santa Cruz 

7226 Greg Palmer Santa Cruz 

7227 Ron Pantano San Mateo 

7228 Danelle Pasquinucci Boulder Creek 

7229 Jolene Pasquinucci Boulder Creek 

7230 Sally Pavick Denver 

7231 Path Pehoff Felton 

7232 Skye Peleo Felton 

7233 Steve Phillips Boulder Creek 

7234 Tracy Phillips Boulder Creek 

7235 Thomas Powers Santa Cruz 

7236 Michael Ranus Oahu 

7237 Andrew Raymond Ben Lomond 

7238 Lewis Regen Felton 

7239 Kailey Reinegger Campbell 

7240 Fred Reiss Mount Hermon 

7241 Jono Reksoatmodjo Santa Cruz 

7242 Tony Reksoatmodjo Scotts Valley 

7243 Carol Riddle Ben Lomond 

7244 Sean Ring Santa Cruz 

7245 Michael Santos Soquel 

7246 Bill Savage Santa Cruz 

7247 Darlene Seligman Ben lomond 

7248 John Shanafelt Boulder Creek 

7249 Matt Siordia Ben Lomond 

7250 Robert Slaybers Scotts Valley 
581 


Insert offset folio 648 here 98942A.550

7251 Steven Sofranko Ben Lomond 

7252 William Spain Boulder Creek 

7253 Kim Sparks Santa Cruz 

7254 Russell Stabler Boulder Creek 

7255 John Stafford Clovis 

7256 Alex Strachan Pacifica 

7257 Adam Syfert San Jose 

7258 Alan Tolway Santa Cruz 

7259 Polly Toombs Arcata 

7260 Andrew Tuck Felton 

7261 Robb Turnbull Bonny Doon 

7262 Kathy Valentine Santa Cruz 

7263 Patty Walker Ben Lomond 

7264 Richard Walker Pacific Grove 

7265 Margie Way Santa Cruz 

7266 Jason Wells La Mesa 

7267 Riley Wells La Mesa 

7268 Stacy Wells La Mesa 

7269 Lori West Scotts Valley 

7270 Laura Whaley Boulder Creek 

7271 Nicole Winovich Scotts Valley 

7272 Sally Wood Capitola 

7273 Larry Wortey Felton 

7274 David Yunez Scotts Valley 

7275 roshni Advani Santa Cruz 

7276 Marshal Arnwine Santa Cruz 

7277 Cinder Cancilla Santa Cruz 

7278 Kylie Carpenter Santa Cruz 

7279 Kiana Coleman Santa Cruz 

7280 Noan Gonzales Santa Cruz 

7281 Dawn Goodwin Woodland 

7282 Douglas Harris Santa Cruz 

7283 Max Huff! Santa Cruz 

7264 Alexandra Kasper Santa Cruz 

7285 Phillip Kelada Santa Cruz 

7286 Chandler Moeller Santa Cruz 

7287 Israel Molina Santa Cruz 

7288 Tamra Owens Santa Cruz 

7289 Franshesia Santiago San Jose 
582 


Insert offset folio 649 here 98942A.551

7290 Norma Vasquez Santa Cruz 

7291 Sandra Yam Santa Cruz 

7292 Eric Yuan Santa Cruz 

7293 Marvin Barcus 

7294 Sharon Benson Capitola 

7295 Trisha Christensen Scotts Valley 

7296 Stan Common Davenport 

7297 Steve Czarnecki Santa Cruz 

7298 Sue Kaufmann Capitola 

7299 Jill lindsay La Selva Beach 

7300 Liza Morell Watsonville 

7301 Erin O'Brien-Kerr Scotts Valley 

7302 Millou Rose Santa Cruz 

7303 Lou Solitsal Half Moon Bay 

7304 lwona SWindall Santa Cruz 

7305 Cesar Alfaro Santa Cruz 

7306 Julia Cunningham Santa Cruz 

7307 Kali DeHart Santa Cruz 

7308 Marissa Deop 

7309 Daniel Dominguez 

7310 David Elans Santa Cruz 

7311 Mbor Faye Santa Cruz 

7312 Eduard Hearn Santa Cruz 

7313 Mary Howe Santa Cruz 

7314 Megan Hunt Mount Hermon 

7315 Brett Ingalls Santa Cruz 

7316 Vanessa Jimenez Camarillo 

7317 Janin King San Jose 

7318 Ivana Lasich Watsonville 

7319 Davaughn Martin Oakland 

7320 Andy Murray Santa Cruz 

7321 Dick Perez Aptos 

7322 Matt Potter Santa Cruz 

7323 Miles Potter Santa Cruz 

7324 Valerie Robinson Santa Cruz 

7325 Kyle Snowden Santa Cruz 

7326 Lisa Urbancic Santa Cruz 

7327 Sebastian Yannone Mount Hermon 

7328 Cheryl de Diego Santa Cruz 
583 


Insert offset folio 650 here 98942A.552

7329 Terry deDiego Santa Cruz 

7330 Tara Espinoza Santa Cruz 

7331 Gabrielle Johnson Felton 

7332 Carty LaFont Santa Cruz 

7333 Alii Quick Santa Cruz 

7334 Catherine Smith Scotts Valley 

7335 Sarah Anderson Capitola 

7336 Jennifer Anderson~Ochoa Felton 

7337 Courtney Antrim-Webb Santa Cruz 

7338 Vickie Ass unto Capitola 

7339 Monte Atherton Santa Cruz 

7340 Alexis Biondi Aromas 

7341 Linda Boettcher Ben Lomond 

7342 Scott Bradley 

7343 Ken Braly Aptos 

7344 Jody Brice Ben Lomond 

7345 Kathryn Brubaker Brookdale 

7346 Ray Charland Santa Cruz 

7347 Joe Costanza Boulder Creek 

7348 Lynne Costanza Boulder Creek 

7349 Bill Crarer Nanoose Bay 

7350 Sandra Crarer Nanoose Bay 

7351 Danielle Cruz Felton 

7352 Joaquin Cruz Felton 

7353 Cathy Daigle Los Gatos 

7354 Cyndi Dawson Santa Cruz 

7355 Jill Dean Capitola 

7356 Stephanie Delaney los Gatos 

7357 Mark Diorio Carmel 

7358 Sally Dixon Santa Cruz 

7359 Lisa DuPont Santa Cruz 

7360 usa Emanuelson Seaside 

7361 Julia Erdman San Jose 

7362 Melissa Fischer Santa Cruz 

7363 Kathy Fosmark Pebble Beach 

7364 Fuller Gerbl 

7365 Nancy Gerdt Felton 

7366 Tom Ginsburg 

7367 Rebecca Giosso Boulder Creek 
584 


Insert offset folio 651 here 98942A.553

7368 Sydney Giosso Boulder Creek 

7369 Damian Goodenough Felton 

7370 Kaley Goodenough Felton 

7371 Lisa Goodenough Felton 

7372 Barbara Gray Santa Cruz 

7373 Kayla Gray Capitola 

7374 Dane Grigsby Capitola 

7375 Jess Grigsby Capitola 

7376 Kylah Grimes Ben Lomond 

7377 Karen Grimmer Pacific Grove 

7378 Richael Haghett Corral De Tierra 

7379 Dawn Hayes Salinas 

7380 Tucker Hirsch Monterey 

7381 Bridget Hoover Marina 

7382 John Hunt La Selva Beach 

7383 Nathaniel James Santa Cruz 

7384 Mara Kerr Carmel 

7385 Kathy Kinder Santa Cruz 

7386 Jackie Ledesma Watsonville 

7387 Sean Lester Aptos 

7388 Annabel Lovato Santa Cruz 

7389 Sally Lovejoy Santa Cruz 

7390 Patrice Lynn Capitola 

7391 Natalie Lyons Felton 

7392 Katelyn MacBride Ben Lomond 

7393 Dorothy Manzo Felton 

7394 Crystal Maxey Santa Cruz 

7395 Tina McFadden Felton 

7396 Ashley Merz Sunnyvale 

7397 Jimmy Panetta Carmel Valley 

7398 Chris Pearson Santa Cruz 

7399 Karen Peterson Santa Cruz 

7400 Gary Pezzi Corralitos 

7401 Cheryl Rasmussen Santa Cruz 

7402 Paul Reilly Carmel 

7403 Curtis Reliford Santa Cruz 

7404 James Rickabaugh Boulder Creek 

7405 Ashrai Riggio Santa Cruz 

7406 Renee Roberts Capitola 
585 


Insert offset folio 652 here 98942A.554

7407 Angie Ruis Santa Cruz 

7408 Zohan Sai-Segol Felton 

7409 Wilson Santhoff Santa Cruz 

7410 Bart Selby San Carlos 

7411 Fritz Shaver Santa Cruz 

7 412 Jennifer Sherry Santa Cruz 

7413 Geoff Shester Marina 

7414 Jeanne Taylor 

7415 Eva Tordoff Scotts Valley 

7416 Maura Twomey Monterey 

7417 Vilma Vallejo Watsonville 

7418 Amy Wagman Felton 

7419 Kelly Walker Boulder Creek 

7420 Bonnie Walsh Ben Lomond 

7421 Gardner Ward Boulder Creek 

7 422 Margaret Webb Cambria 

7423 John Weber Boulder Creek 

7424 Fay Wertz Soquel 

7 425 Stanley Wilson 

7426 Robert Windel Felton 

7427 Rachel Wylie Corralilos 

7 428 lzabella Varela Salinas 

7 429 Anthony Varela Salinas 

7430 Jeanne Marie Santa Cruz 

7 431 Kimberly Silvia Gridley 

7432 Cory Estelle Oceanside 

7433 Teresa Chavesta Oceanslde 

7434 Thuan Pham San Jose 

7435 Juliet Meratez Elk Grove 

7 436 Lorenzo Pres as Woodland 

7437 Sr Zarodare Wdld 

7 438 Stephanie Ruhanel San Jose 

7439 Amelia DeSilva Santa Clara 

7440 Melissa Keeley West Hartford CT 

7441 Robin Miller Henderson, Nv 

7442 Randy Miller Henderson, Nv 

7443 Alex Virgilio San Jose 

7444 Paulina Nunez San Francisco 

7445 Eileen Gumbs Sacramento 
586 


Insert offset folio 653 here 98942A.555

7446 Diane Tyroel Santa Cruz 

7447 Hellaola Fenren Hayward 

7448 Poisco Silua Butte 

7449 Amali Si!ua Butte 

7 450 Yoralelian Caarean Butte 

7451 Linzi Lambeth Muklfteo 

7452 Tonia Axelson Reno, NV 

7453 Dillan Axelson Reno, NV 

7454 Gira Lane-Lessel NewmanCA 

7455 Anna Walker San Deigo 

7456 Ben Walker San Deigo 

7457 Cesar Chacon Palmdale, CA 

7458 Nate Anderson Sieamboatspring, CO 

7459 Annie Quintanilla Fresno 

7460 Ana Hernandez Fresno 

7461 Stacey Waker Poveulwood 

7462 Logall Waker Poveulwood 

7463 Katie Gabris Sacramento 

7464 Amy Sharrai Monterey 

7465 Zack Cunningham Oak Run 

7466 Sonya Taylor San Jose 

7467 John Rliec San Ratso 

7468 Casey Sustaityboz Santa Cruz 

7469 Neil Hrushowy San Francisco 

7470 Gigi Payne Santa Clara 

7 471 Rebecca Thorp Santa Clara 

7472 Demian Moreno Berkely 

7473 Kelli Otis Oswego 

7474 Chris Hoornbeck Pittsforde 

7475 Flohronee Santorineos Santa Rosa 

7476 Mihalin Santorineos Santa Rosa 

7477 Stawroj Santorineos Santa Rosa 

7478 Erika Alvanades Sunnyvale 

7479 ian Rodrigues Campbell 

7480 Plege Eveervel Campbell 

7481 Lauren Sifferrnein San Francisco 

7 482 Brandon Byrne San Francisco 

7483 Anders Hrushowy San Francisco 

7484 Aidman Hrushowy San Francisco 
587 


Insert offset folio 654 here 98942A.556

7485 Mimi Chuny San Jose 

7486 Andrew Varela Salinas 

7487 Abby Varela Salinas 

7488 Gabriel Varela Salinas 

7489 Raul Tatolla San Jose 

7 490 Veronica Trujillo San Jose 

7 491 Gjosiah Vargas 

7 492 Jadavah Vargas 

7493 Amy At on Benicia 

7494 Killian AtonJr. Benicia 

7495 Billy At on Benicia 

7496 Pablo Montez Mendota 

7 497 Jesenia Montez Mendota 

7 498 Jacquiline Montez Mendota 

7499 Ruby Montez Mendota 

7500 Cindy Orozco Richmond CA 

7501 Alberto Orozco Richmond CA 

7502 Mamrioto Cugo Vacavill 

7503 Julia Powell Vacavill 

7504 Zaine Black New Jersey 

7505 Chris Klnjore Santa Cruz 

7506 Chris Colon Santa Cruz 

7507 Maeyam Brown Santa Cruz 

7508 Kalen Yukich Santa Cruz 

7509 Penelope Schibsted Huntington beach 

7510 Ann Swagerty Portland OR 

7511 Jennifer Brovelli Fort Collins CO 

7512 Robert Coleman Watsonville Ca 

7513 Leo Lopez San Jose 

7514 Cathrine Cordova WhittierCA 

7515 Jeff Solisten Discovery Bay 

7516 Theresa Martin El Dorado Hills 

7517 Heather Fernandes Fairbanks CA 

7518 Emily Schmitz Fairbanks CA 

7519 Kevin Anderson Stockton CA 

7520 Michael Snider NapaCA 

7521 Andrea Dora des San Jose 

7522 Judie Dilworth Santa Cruz 

7523 Katie Plascencia Prundale CA 
588 


Insert offset folio 655 here 98942A.557

7524 Alexa Garvia PrundaleCA 

7525 Valani Allman Wasonville 

7526 Nick Morris Santa Cruz 

7527 Lana Can ion San Jose 

7528 Sharon Langwnthy San Jose 

7529 Usa Meyers San Jose 

7530 Topo Fensel Chicago 

7531 Caroline Pardee CastroVally 

7532 Ron Pardee CastroVally 

7533 Shelley Lambeth edmonds 

7534 Doug Lambeth EDonodWA 

7535 Jospeh Axelson Reno, NV 

7536 Jonathen Ramos Vallejo 

7537 Jorge Lopez Lemorre 

7538 Jamie Chan Union City 

7539 David Spelber MtView 

7540 Terri Singer Saratoga 

7541 Lauree Davis Santa Cruz 

7542 Ceayle Peterson Wocksfo 

7543 Ariana Zormeier Yorba Linda 

7544 Andrew Garala Edinburg 

7545 David De La Rosa Fresno 

7546 Geenn 

7547 David Zimmermann LSB 

7548 Nate Zimmermann LSB 

7549 Nate Butler Oakley 

7550 Wyalt Hill Santa Cruz 

7551 Achihe Calent MavgonHill 

7552 Ed Jaime Tuscan AZ. 

7553 Jacob Jamie San Jose 

7554 George Gonzalez San Jose 

7555 Janet Munoz San Jose 

7556 Jose Zauala San Jose 

7557 Julio Briceno Santa Cruz 

7558 Ga.y Hall Stockton 

7559 Gavin Hall Stockton 

7560 Angela Gritsyuk Sacramento 

7561 Michael Gritsyuk Sacramento 

7562 Dima Timofeyer Sacramento 
589 


Insert offset folio 656 here 98942A.558

7563 Hunter Souza Chico 

7564 Renee Torres Chico 

7565 Gavin Bam holt Santa Cruz 

7566 Eomerable de Ia Cruz Gilroy 

7567 Laena de !a Cruz Gilroy 

7568 Angle Blanco Gilroy 

7569 Judy Chu Granite Bay Ca 

7570 Sarah Krletor San Deigo 

7571 Corwin Street Moutain View 

7572 Kelli Mclaughlin SF 

7573 Dan Robinson SF 

7574 Debbie Aramine Reno 

7575 Eric Dimino San Deigo 

7576 Chase Dimino San Deigo 

7577 Dallas Dimino San Deigo 

7578 Brandon Gonzales Pennsylvania 

7579 Briana Gulterez Woodland 

7580 Nryobuto Torres Madison 

7581 Yolanda Gutierez Woodland 

7582 John Donovan Castro 

7583 Dan Brodevz PHXAZ 

7584 Larisa Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

7585 Andrew Baver Santa Cruz 

7586 Derek Popple Santa Cruz 

7587 Scott Boyd Montare 

7588 Danny Boyd Santa Cruz 

7589 John Dunden Monte ray 

7590 Jen Kama Santa Cruz 

7591 Lee Ban ragan Aptos 

7592 Anna Nelson Santa Cruz 

7593 Xiomara Garcia Santa Cruz 

7594 Jiji Seo Santa Cruz 

7595 Anna Lin Santa Cruz 

7596 Raymond Liu Santa Cruz 

7597 Elizabath Ho Santa Cruz 

7598 Kavin Subrumuayan Santa Cruz 

7599 Cody Rose SantaCruz 

7600 Kevin Lee SantaCruz 

7601 Levi Le Santa Cruz 
590 


Insert offset folio 657 here 98942A.559

7602 Kayla Rent ern MorevoVally 

7603 Trevor Gowin Discover Bay 

7604 Bnttney Dailey DetroltMI 

7605 Kylee Gowin Discover Bay 

7606 Zeheu Chrom Santa Clara 

7607 Varidsara Theerawat Santa Clara 

7608 Amber Rehling Santa Cruz 

7609 Jason Maesse Clovis NM 

7610 Janie Benawidez Clovis NM 

7611 Sonny Maesse El PasoTX 

7612 Aaron Axelson Reno NV 

7613 Saumalu Mataafa Lahaina, HI 

7614 Linh Nguyen VacavilleCA 

7615 Kristina Downey VallejoCA 

7616 Marheta Briel uno Santa Cruz 

7617 John Withers Valley Spriugs 

7618 Darin Spelber Moutain View 

7619 David Spelber Moutain View 

7620 Ellen Make EagleTD 

7621 Alex Tsikl Santa Clara 

7622 Edgar Castnllo Santa Cruz 

7623 Nakein Harley Seattle 

7624 Allison Miller Boise 

7625 Domingo Reugael Peua Perdomo Rochester 

7626 vijayemal Ohevanlafe AZ 

7627 David Anderson Santa Cruz 

7628 Robeuta Sokes Naruticace, PA 

7629 Manny Fig YumaAZ 

7630 Michael Hogan Santa Cruz 

7631 Brando Neuyen Sunnyvale 

7632 Reggie Pinnelas Van Nuys 

7633 Steve Pope San Carlos 

7634 Kathy Pope San Carlos 

7635 Alex Luevano Los angeles 

7636 Emily Muellves Fremont 

7637 Phurath Thammadamoon Santa Clara 

7638 Michael Brave IIi Colorado 

7639 Zijiayon Lin Worester 

7640 Shiyun Yun Union City 
591 


Insert offset folio 658 here 98942A.560

7641 Zhujun Jiang Fremont 

7642 Shasta Mitchell SLC, Utah 

7643 Celeste Collins SLC, Utah 

7644 Taylor Cuveil Dallas TX 

7645 Nicole Nikolon Sacramento 

7646 Juan Amezwa Dheli CA 

7647 David Damirez Dheli CA 

7648 Nike Skedden 

7649 Chris Clark Santa Cruz 

7650 Troy Martinez Livermore 

7651 Robert Leonard Santa Clara 

7652 Kelly Renteria Riverside 

7653 Sally Renteria Riverside 

7654 Luz Renteria Riverside 

7655 Max Komceu San Jose 

7656 Kevin Swiber Detroit 

7657 Trenton Go'vVin Discovery Bay 

7658 Sharon Romero Fresno 

7659 Mary Romero Fresno 

7660 Yordesnos Shito Fresno 

7661 Serab Perez Fresno 

7662 Alex Angam Salt Lake City 

7663 Tom Falkara Santa Cruz 

7664 Courtney Byrd Santa Cruz 

7665 Michelle Feeney South Lake Tahoe 

7666 James Feeney South Lake Tahoe 

7667 Anatael Batista Fresno 

7668 Inez Lopez Fresno 

7669 Mike Suedden Oakley 

7670 Michelle Escandon Oakley 

7671 ian McAllister San Jose 

7672 Eva Hu Santa Cruz 

7673 Alex Sa !ins Santa Cruz 

7674 Chris Penneli Michigan 

7675 Bill Schmidt Cal 

7676 Chad Schmidt Cal 

7677 Brad Miller Asheville, NC 

7678 Tanya Vajylyeva Sacramento, CA 

7679 Francis lsidoru Stockton, CA 
592 


Insert offset folio 659 here 98942A.561

7680 Tad Perez RocklinCA 

7681 Parker Perez RocklinCA 

7682 Madison Perez RocklinCA 

7683 Jack Sherlley San Francisco 

7684 Chariotle Franklin Oakland 

7685 Tony Franco San Deigo 

7686 Christen Coxon San Mateo 

7687 Martin Hogan Ben Lomano 

7688 Shellyn Pogue Kenai, AK 

7689 Burkhent Ryneta Phoenix, AZ. 

7690 Todd Ryoei Sttoc. CA 

7691 Julia Clippen Grimesland NC 

7692 Bryanna Foote Dallas TX 

7693 Nicolas Riart Worcester MA 

7694 Gina Anderson Santa Cruz 

7695 Stephen Jokoi Naticoke, PA 

7696 Trude Ranson Santa Cruz 

7697 Janet Gaudette Aptos 

7698 Monica Lennon SantaCruz 

7699 Jim Lawton SantaCruz 

7700 Gregory Hernandez Santa Cruz 

7701 Sheri Billings Santa Cruz 

7702 General Smith Santa Cruz 

7703 Rachel Jacobs Santa Cruz 

7704 Sara Bassler Santa Cruz 

7705 Jeff Hom Santa Cruz 

7706 Chlistina Leigh SantaCruz 

7707 Kevin McLaughin Santa Cruz 

7708 Lauli Lesuis Felton 

7709 Andrea Carttord Santa Cruz 

7710 Ester Syhran Capitola 

7711 Doug Gklnuh Santa Cruz 

7712 Rebecca Supplee Santa Cruz 

7713 Cynthia Baiocchi Aptos 

7714 Irene Holombo Santa Cruz 

7715 Steven Kimball Santa Cruz 

7716 Kirk Glaser Santa Cruz 

7717 Charles Overbeck Santa Cruz 

7718 Erin Musgrave Santa Cruz 
593 


Insert offset folio 660 here 98942A.562

7719 Eric Choi Santa Cruz 

7720 Kristin Larkin Santa Cruz 

7721 Donna Miller Santa Cruz 

7722 Cathe Lieb Santa Cruz 

7723 Sandy Stobbe Santa Cruz 

7724 Marcia Barrett Santa Cruz 

7725 Suzanne Rudder Santa Cruz 

7726 Patricia Johansson Santa Cruz 

7727 Michelle Careen Santa Cruz 

7728 Stan Scheagel Santa Cruz 

7729 Bruce Finney Santa Cruz 

7730 Kale Kaluhinoz Santa Cruz 

7731 Orla Stuart Aptos 

7732 Anna Jordan Santa Cruz 

7733 James Gaeta Santa Clara 

7734 Charles Wilson Ill San Jose 

7735 Jean Mahoney Santa Cruz 

7736 Aidan Tovsley Santa Cruz 

7737 lkumi Kamlya Santa Cruz 

7738 Marce Caitin Ben Lomend 

7739 Jennifer Davis Felton 

7740 Amy Bartlett Watsonville 

7741 Rich Persotf Watsonville 

7742 Hans Leuthold Santa Cruz 

7743 David DelaRosa Santa Cruz 

7744 Cheryl Rebettaro Scotts Valley 

7745 Kathy StJohn Boulder Creek 

7746 Mary England Santa Cruz 

7747 Caroline Dickerson Santa Cruz 

7748 Cindy Race Watsonville 

7749 David Mery Capitola 

7750 David Volhland Capitola 

7751 Jim Kelly Scotts Valley 

7752 Rachel Berlin Boulder Creek 

7753 Mike Berlin Boulder Creek 

7754 Adam Wolff Santa Cruz 

7755 James Cummins Saratoga 

7756 Michelle LeClair Aptos 

7757 Eliot Headley Santa Cruz 
594 


Insert offset folio 661 here 98942A.563

7758 Selena Hudson Santa Cruz 

7759 Aaron Shaw Santa Cruz 

7760 Nicole Spears Santa Cruz 

7761 Lore James Santa Cruz 

7762 Bruce VanAllen Santa Cruz 

7763 Colin Skye Santa Cruz 

7764 Vishal Bhaidasna Santa Cruz 

7765 Jan Sheehan Santa Cruz 

7766 John SWift Santa Cruz 

7767 Tony Rail Scotts Valley 

7768 Gary Milburn Santa Cruz 

7769 Molly W. Hanson Santa Cruz 

7770 Roger Kern Scotts Valley 

7771 Nellie Thorngare Santa Cruz 

7772 Toby Ferguson Santa Cruz 

7773 Jane Ferguson Santa Cruz 

7774 Mary Winslow Santa Cruz 831-227-326 

7775 Matt Farrell Santa Cruz 831-331-749 

7776 Alex Josselyn Santa Cruz 

7777 Harry Baker Santa Cruz 

7778 Aston Nails Los Angeles 

7779 ChrisUne Braccini Scotts Valley 

7780 Natalie Lomonosoff Ben lomond 

7781 Christina Escobar Santa Cruz 

7782 Gina Cole Watsonville 

7783 Denise Phipps-Craig Watsonville 

7784 Hermanita Clark Santa Cruz 

7785 Jennifer Givins Santa Cruz 

7786 Michael Sampson Aptos 

7787 Mark Hull Aptos 

7788 Carty Collins Seaside 

7789 Joseph Collins Seaside 

7790 Marcus Muru Hamster 

7791 Desiree Fa mal Watsonville 

7792 Laura Shaw Bonny Doon 

7793 Steve VanZandt Bonny Doon 

7794 Linda Quale Santa Cruz 

7795 Jennifer Murdock Capitola 

7796 Kristen Petersen Capitola 
595 


Insert offset folio 662 here 98942A.564

7797 Edgarelo Munoz Santa Cruz 

7798 Paul Tristram Santa Cruz 

7799 Jessie Case Santa Cruz 

7800 Angelique Aspacio Rodeo 

7801 Ken Files Aptos 

7802 Marilyn Files Aptos 

7803 Raul Estrada Santa Cruz 

7804 Diego Cardona Santa Cruz 

7805 Ryan Reger Santa Cruz 

7806 Amy Wynes Santa Cruz 

7807 Christina Dickerson Oklahoma 

7808 Tracy Payne Felton 

7809 Jim Chesus Ben Lomond 

7810 Greta Gil Santa Cruz 

7811 Edward Ttiord Felton 

7812 Kathryn Domhuber Aptos 

7813 Nathan Cavanegh Santa Cruz 

7814 Anthony Murabito Scotts Valley 

7815 Sara Van Artsdohen Scotts Valley 

7816 Kirk Larsen Santa Cruz 

7817 Joe Nigos Santa Cruz 

7818 Kevin Johnson Carmel Valley 

7819 Jason Matson Aptos 

7820 Lauren Krzesinski Scotts Valley 

7821 Tim White Scotts Valley 

7822 Michael Crews Los Ranchos, NM 

7823 Alan Brubaker Kenwood 

7824 Anna Griswold Alameda 

7825 Thomas Karwin Santa Cruz 

7826 Julie Gratton Santa Cruz 

7827 Andrea Welles Santa Cruz 

7828 Dave Welles Santa Cruz 

7829 Emily Wughalter Felton 

7830 Paul Hanneman Santa Cruz 

7831 Judith Tollner Soquel 

7832 Ashley Kenyon Santa Cruz 

7833 Kelly Griswold Alameda 

7834 Sloane Griswold Alameda 

7835 Joe Nigos Santa Cruz 
596 


Insert offset folio 663 here 98942A.565

7836 Janye Waxman Scotts Valley 

7837 Ashlie Mills Ben lomond 

7838 Gary Moro Santa Cruz 

7839 Kelsey Martin Santa Clara 

7840 Cassandra Langer San Jose 

7841 Chris Parker Scotts Valley 

7842 Armand Ruby Santa Cruz 

7843 Tanya Ossipoffa Santa Cruz 

7844 Daniel Vazquez Felton 

7845 Aram Griffen Felton 

7846 Jason Griffin Felton 

7847 Ryan Howard Hayward 

7848 Javier Rangel Hayward 

7849 Sarah Mucdule Oceanside 

7850 Nrsimha Diaz Waialua 

7851 Kayla Barros Santa Cruz 

7852 Carlii Alvord Santa Cruz 

7853 Jose Martinez Capitola 

7854 Nancy Sinclair Los Gatos 

7855 Nathaniel Wagnes Santa Cruz 

7856 Michelle Terrell East Bay 

7857 Jack Griswold Alameda 

7858 Katie Hofstetter Alameda 

7859 Jean-Paul LaCount Alameda 

7860 Mike Terrell East Bay 

7861 Brittany Bonham SantaCruz 

7862 Tony Ramirez Escondido 

7863 Audrey McMurry Milton 

7864 Alexx Collins Santacruz 

7865 Andrew Muldawer Santa Cruz 

7866 Annette Zadox Live Oak 

7867 Catherine Muin Santa Cruz 

7868 Heather Roberts Campbell 

7869 Savannah M Smarez Campbell 

7870 Aimee Bracken Baltimore 

7871 Nico Bracken Baltimore 

7872 Jessie Mcintyre Monterey Bay 

7873 Jacob Bermel Monterey Bay 

7874 Sara Dionne Monterey Bay 
597 


Insert offset folio 664 here 98942A.566

7875 Kvan Zandt VanZanmdt Bogata, Colombia 

7876 Jennifer Glazer Felton 

7877 Randy Welda Santa Cruz 

7878 Raul Echlegel Carmel Valley 

7879 Dan Vuich Hayward 

7880 Hugh G. Recti on Scotts Valley 

7881 Liisa Ranta Novato 

7882 Roger Diroggio Santa Cruz 

7883 Sharon Stand on Freedom 

7884 Claire Bouchard Williamsburg 

7885 Mess Beaehard Williamsburg 

7886 Nathan Goedeck Santa Cruz 

7887 Rowan Stallard Santa Cruz 

7888 Michael Jinclow Santa Cruz 

7889 Juliet Paramor Santa Cruz 

7890William Stoesen Santa Cruz 

7891 Mark Stefan Santa Cruz 

7892 Olidia Schiiopa Be a canfield 

7893 Emily Vanhoorickx Los Altos 

7894 Juarez Pedro Sinal ott 

7895 Ezra Meijor-Bamett Santa Cruz 

7896 Elijah Black Bonny Doon 

7897 Mark Stewart Boulder Creek 

7898 Ben Sallaro San Jose 

7899 Kylee Temell East Bay 

7900 Damon Temell East Bay 

7901 Sharon Heberly Santa Cruz 

7902 Alex Skelton Santa Cruz 

7903 Tom Rollinger Los Altos 

7904 Phil Ranjall Mountain View 

7905 John Purchase Felton 

7906 Nick Clifford Felton 

7907 Theresa Spaulding Santa Cruz 

7908 Devon Marez Campbell 

7909 Kaila Gibson Soquel 

7910 Abbey Meek Santa Cruz 

7911 Lauren Walker Santa Cruz 

7912 Jared Rembuz Santa Cruz 

7913 Eli Young Ben Lomond 
598 


Insert offset folio 665 here 98942A.567

7914 Riley Clark Santa Cruz 

7915 Grace Brock Felton 

7916 Brayden Gibson Santa Cruz 

7917 Grace Coulson Soquel 

7918 Alexis Coulson Soquel 

7919 Chloe Davis Soquel 

7920 Gavin Gibson Soquel 

7921 Leah Churchill Boulder Creek 

7922 Tony Portscher Felton 

7923 Marshall Williams Boulder Creek 

7924 Sarah Skwarek FeHon 

7925 Brodie Grigsby Ben Lomond 

7926 Chrisitian Martz Boulder Creek 

7927 Madison Thompson Scotts Valley 

7928 Aaron Neff Santa Cruz 

7929 Adrianne Allison Los Angeles 

7930 Clara Allison Los Angeles 

7931 Jean Mariner Seacliff 

7932 Andie Huff Los Angeles 

7933 Sara Caback Santa Cruz 

7934 Kristin Southall Aptos 

7935 Dawn Wetzel Aptos 

7936 Megan Wetzel Aptos 

7937 Morgan Rosiz Aptos 

7938 Tanya Woonlnck Bund Santa Clarita 

7939 Kevin Cule Santa Cruz 

7940 Robert Mendiola San Juan Bautista 

7941 Diane Greenberg Palo Alto 

7942 Victoria Rossie Soquel 

7943 Tooop Vierra Soquel 

7944 Ambar Parsons Stockton 

7945 Tina Brand ora Santa Cruz 

7946 Tom Hartnett Aptos 

7947 Mira Grigore Campbell 

7948 Andrews Hodez Mountain View 

7949 Alexandra Winter-Hoelzl Mountain View 

7950 Justin Evtimow Campbell 

7951 Antonia Evtimow Campbell 

7952 Nina Hoelzl Mountain View 
599 


Insert offset folio 666 here 98942A.568

7953 Corinne Mathieson Aptos 

7954 Catherine OyaJZun San Jose 

7955 Dominic Rodriguez Aptos 

7956 Jeff Powarle Aptos 

7957 Noe Lopez Clovis 

7958 Stephen Hamm Soquel 

7959 Mertah Hamm 

7960 Melissa Irwin Aptos 

7961 Scott Irwin Aptos 

7962 Kevin Coates Aptos 

7963 Priscilla Whiteakek Los Banos 

7964 Bailey Hunter Sebastopol 

7965 Mikel Zwissler Watsonville 

7966 Lucas Martin Hollister 

7967 Noah Beito Scotts Valley 

7968 Nathan Cavanagh Santa Cruz 

7969 Anthony Murabito Scotts Valley 

7970 Antonio Cabeza de Vaca Scotts Valley 

7971 Sara Van Artsdalen Scotts Valley 

7972 Robert Schnieder Scotts Valley 

7973 Raymond Boerema Aptos 

7974 David Morales Aptos 

7975 Travis Stubblefield Aptos 

7976 Julie Tauviainev Aptos 

7977 Husan Aburaki Soquel 

7978 Esme Aburaki Soquel 

7979 Anne Olson Aptos 

7980 Leslie Viall Santa Cruz 

7981 Lorenso Aramiega Santa Clara 

7982 Yhetti Garcia Aptos 

7983 Zaydian Garcia Aptos 

7984 Joshua Walter Santa Cruz 

7985 Hannah Mathiesen Aptos 

7986 Bobbie Cline Fresno 

7987 Alice Hunter Sebastopol 

7988 Emanuel Hurley Los Banos 

7989 Maycee Hunter Sebastopol 

7990 Oliver Zwissler San Jose 

7991 Aedan Kilen Aptos 
600 


Insert offset folio 667 here 98942A.569

7992 Nick Klien Aptos 

7993 Brae Hale Soquel 

7994 Chris Kobatz Soquel 

7995 Mark Cambell Aptos 

7996 Joanna Brownstein Aptos 

7997 Willis Bailey Aptos 

7998 Heather Capitanion Aptos 

7999 Lily Bailey Aptos 

8000 Zander Ratlege Aptos 

8001 Neal Sandrtrom Aptos 

8002 Emily Mansfield Aptos 

8003 Bruce Jaffe Aptos 

8004 Jessica Scheiner SantaCruz 

8005 Lorri Lockyer Aptos 

8006 Jotta O'leary Aptos 

8007 Erie Parsons Stockton 

8008 Wilma Parsons Stockton 

8009 Jordan Boyer Santa Cruz 

8010 Clark Hirst Santa Cruz 

8011 Joey Pini San Jose 

8012 Teresa Desilva Monterey 

8013 lzabella Eckmann Monterey 

8014 Daniel Parra Santa Cruz 

8015 Haziel Parra Santa Cruz 

8016 Daniel Parra Santa Cruz 

8017 Christina Gauthier Pinole 

8018 Chelsea Brown Aptos 

8019 Valerie Lyttle Freedom 

8020 Bryon Felts Pacifica 

8021 Don Netzger Santa Cruz 

8022 Drew Kreett Aptos 

8023 Will Sa lady Corralitos 

8024 Sam Magno Watsonville 

8025 Adam Duran Prunedale 

8026 Jacky Wang Ningbo 

8027 lzzy Shahmirza Santa Cruz 

8028 Nick Clandro Seaside 

8029 Megan Farley Watsonville 

8030 Shahnaz Ghahremani Aptos 
601 


Insert offset folio 668 here 98942A.570

8031 Josh Rodriguez Aptos 

8032 Peter Balesteri Seaside 

8033 Karta Vasquez Aromas 

8034 Halegh Washburn Watsonville 

8035 Holly Briley Watsonville 

8036 Francisann Camuso Watsonville 

8037 Katelyn Farley Watsonville 

8038 Ciella Zivanonvich Watsonville 

8039 David Cmaylo Santa Cruz 

8040 Celeste Elyn Aromas 

8041 Kirstenlee Cranford Watsonville 

8042 Kristina Owens Watsonville 

8043 Samantha Bellucci Gilroy 

8044 Greo Feeney Aptos/Santa Cruz 

8045 Noi Mad rigel Watsonville 

8046 Claudia Overrero Watsonville 

8047 Alexis Rodriguez Watsonville 

8048 Jocelyn Torres Watsonville 

8049 Thamny Carvy Santa Cruz 

8050 Nathaniel Ramos Watsonville 

8051 Mario Ve!usquez Watsonville 

8052 Ruby Stiga Santa Cruz 

8053 Kim Raynal Ben Lomond 

8054 Chaz Sampson Santa Cruz 

8055 Mathew Sinnon FeHon 

8056 Judy Spellerberg Scotts Valley 

8057 Marva Andrews Fremont 

8058 Brianna Carabba SantaCruz/Live Oak 

8059 Ted Bailey Santa Cruz 

8060 Suz Bailey Santa Cruz 

8061 Chuck Griffen Aptos 

8062 Chu Shun Aptos 

8063 Fritz Shavor Aptos 

8064 Jonah Stanford Aptos 

8065 Nic Steers Parker, CO 

8066 Noel Arburaghi Aptos 

8067 Hannah Arburaghi Fairfield 

8068 Joan love Capitola 

8069 Nany Kraye Morgan Hill 
602 


Insert offset folio 669 here 98942A.571

8070 Meadre Fischer Capitola 

8071 Heather O'Hara Capitola 

8072 Andrew Barmharot Capitola 

8073 Alicia Alexander Aptos 

8074 Brian Childers Capitola 

8075 Sharon Heckert Watsonville 

8076 Rachel Rosen Aptos 

8077 Todd Janzen Aptos 

8078 Kaitlin Half Hively Scotts Valley 

8079 Lyell Schroeder Boulder Creek 

8080 Austen Allen Boulder Creek 

8081 Dylan Hendricks Ben Lomond 

8082 Cooper Smith Boulder Creek 

8083 Megan Buchanan Ben Lomond 

8084 Nani Hegenbart Felton 

8085 Jodie Wahler Felton 

8086 Veronica Varner Boulder Creek 

8087 Quinn Lydon Felton 

8088 Beau Trugman Ben Lomond 

8089 Cassie Ackemann Ben Lomond 

8090 Annika Baurle Ben lomond 

8091 early Hill Ben lomond 

8092 Mira Lion Ben Lomond 

8093 Kassidy Gambefin Santa Cruz 

8094 Robart Jeffrey Felton 

8095 Marika Swanbarg Felton 

8096 Jordan Beiden-Charles Ben Lomond 

8097 Nick Schormann Aptos 

8098 Phoeba Arbabaraghi Fairfield 

8099 Janie Arbabaraghi Fairfield 

8100 Hamid Arbabaraghi Fairfield 

8101 David Byron Soquel 

8102 Recio Sullivan Capitola 

8103 Carol Kromminga Gaithersburg, MD 

8104 Christine Chowning Aptos 

8105 Chris Franz Aptos 

8106 Hannah Jackson Aptos 

8107 Monica Esceudero Aptos 

8108 Jeff Hotdteiss Soquel 
603 


Insert offset folio 670 here 98942A.572

8109 Shannon Christerson Aptos 

8110 Jonathan Christerson Aptos 

8111 Jeffrey Christerson Aptos 

8112 Jenna Kroboth Yorba Linda 

8113 Deborah Collison Roseville 

8114 Chris Collison Roseville 

8115 Michael Chrubaszcz Aptos 

8116 Bonnie Lund Aptos 

8117 Molly Shoemaker Aptos 

8118 Sierra Brazil Aromas 

8119 Jocelyn Sedano Aromas 

8120 Craig Johnson Aptos 

8121 Stacy Patyk Aptos 

8122 Jeannie Cocchua Santa Cruz 

8123 Jane Varron Prunedale 

8124 Kristen Driskell Sacramento 

8125 Leslie Litchfield Capitola 

8126 Stephanie Mcnamara Aptos 

8127 Victor Rodas Soquel 

8128 Audia Vierra Soquel 

8129 Elijah Gregory Santa Cruz 

8130 Home Terrell Felton 

8131 Pam Goodman Aptos 

8132 Yvonne Rankin Aptos 

8133 Philip Stupak Saratoga 

8134 Maaske Fullerton 

8135 Priscilla H Walton Carmel Valley 

8136 Rich Fox Carmel Valley 

8137 Nicole Hisatomi Sacramento 

8138 Danny Dodge Watsonville 

8139 Javier Gomez Capitola 

8140 Wiwl Nodle Watsonville 

8141 Mary Ellen Maldonado Grover Beach SLO 

8142 Vivian Quevedo Soquel 

8143 Kalle Laitinen Aptos 

8144 Maria Fant Aptos 

8145 Joy Warner Watsonville 

8146 Tim Epperson Watsonville 

8147 Lisa Cisneros Aptos 
604 


Insert offset folio 671 here 98942A.573

8148 Jeanette Cisneros Capitola 

8149 Jean Blevins Watsonville 

8150 Jenna Johnson Aptos 

8151 Carly Covey Freedom 

8152 Terrence Eufson Aptos 

8153 Tyler Penner Live Oak 

8154 Ed Nark Aptos 

8155 Chris lmly Capitola 

8156 Ryan Vilsquizi Catela 

8157 Raul Rodiquez Chorosi 

8158 Amigrah Greathoose Aptos 

8159 Shalom Compost Live Oak 

8160 Robin Madsen Aptos 

8161 Roy Brennan Black Santa Cruz 

8162 Art Vasquez Sunnyvale 

8163 Rich Taylor Aptos 

8164 Jene Casey Corralitos 

8165 Henny Cruz Los Angeles 

8166 Ken Richards Royal Oaks 

8167 Andrea Sweeney San Diego 

8168 Christin Kenoyer Aptos 

8169 Bob Kruse Aptos 

8170 Amy Pasaleequa Lafayette 

8171 Christa Hale Soquel 

8172 Brodie Hale Soquel 

8173 Taylor Kauer Aptos 

8174 Sabrina Martinez Monterey 

8175 Ali Gozzi Santa Cruz 

8176 Paulette Coon Santa Cruz 

8177 lzayah Velasquez Monterey 

8178 Lucas Salles-Cuaha Aptos 

8179 Elizabeth Posner Aptos 

8180 Kelsey Kehres Aptos 

8181 Kathy Wright Aptos 

8182 Jessica Lovar Capitola 

8183 Tracy Johnson Aptos 

8184 Samantha Merwin Aptos 

8185 Kevin Hamlbad Aptos 

8186 Jeff MEssersnelth Santa Cruz 
605 


Insert offset folio 672 here 98942A.574

8187 Susan Walters Santa Cruz 

8188 Larry Parker Monterey 

8189 Chris Parker Monterey 

8190 Kan Barlow Santa Cruz 

8191 Caroline Krehhs Felton 

8192 Sam Obrien Davenport 

8193 Mike Simmun Santa Cruz 

8194 Becky Peters Aptos 

8195 Linda Johnson live Oak 

8196 Tanner Watson Jacksonville 

8197 Debra West Aptos 

8198 Sophia Bruckner Fortuna 

8199 Carrie Drier TC,MI 

8200 Theresa Ritchison Santa Clara 

8201 KyleeJo Farson Santa Clara 

8202 Michelle Wolfe Aptos 

8203 Jackie Cull Santa Cruz 

8204 Randi Menese Livermore 

8205 Steve Houlihan Aptos 

8206 Marlene Mirassou Aptos 

8207 Bridget Canty Aptos 

8208 Ryan lamililln Aptos 

8209 Alissa lamililln Aptos 

8210 Rane Jensen Aptos 

8211 Maria Schierenbeck Aptos 

8212 Francisco Aviles Santa Cruz 

8213 Tianna Grant Santa Cruz 

8214 Thomas Brown Gilbert, AZ. 

8215 Gavin Brown Gilbert, AZ. 

8216 Michelle Thomaldson McKinleyvlle, CA 

8217 Tiffany Skweir San Jose 

8218 Angelica Guerisol Aptos 

8219 Leanne Butka Santa Cruz 

8220 Rocel Co Santa Cruz 

8221 Karen Kirtly Santa Cruz 

8222 Dion Reyelson Santa Cruz 

8223 Driyre Reyelson Santa Cruz 

8224 Diana Rohebough Boulder Creek 

8225 Christine Richaldson Santa Cruz 
606 


Insert offset folio 673 here 98942A.575

8226 Maxine Stahl Scotts Valley 

8227 Brian Anthony Soquel 

8228 Jasmine Romero Monterey 

8229 Lissette Romero Monterey 

8230 Tim Garcia Monterey 

8231 ken Tara Scotts Valley 

8232 June DeFrieta San Lorenzo Valley 

8233 Randall Hopper Santa Cruz 

8234 Nader Sid hem Aptos 

8235 Laura Cheatham Santa Cruz 

8236 Scott Tenney Santa Cruz 

8237 Nate Dawson San Jose 

8238 Carmen SaK Fair Oaks 

8239 Susan Morey Scotts Valley 

8240 Ryran Kennedy Vancouver, Canada 

8241 Elizabeth Swanson Santa Cruz 

8242 Laura Dodd Santa Cruz 

8243 Charlotte Kenny Scotts Valley 

8244 Natasha Tabibian Monterey 

8245 Stoch Heather Santa Cruz 

8246 Alma Kristen Backs trow Aptos 

8247 Ailee Davidson Modesto 

8248 Ryan Logan Santa Cruz 

8249 Michael Curl)' Santa Cruz 

8250 Julianna Chavez SantaCruz 

8251 Kevin Parks Aptos 

8252 Faith Parks Aptos 

8253 Lisa Glick Santa Cruz 

8254 Eli Ledwith Santa Cruz 

8255 David Ledwith SantaCruz 

8256 Elizabeth Flynn Santa Cruz 

8257 Ellie Martin Santa Cruz 

8258 Clare Tershy Santa Cruz 

8259 Alyssa Vargas Watsonville 

8260 Amiran Perez Watsonville 

8261 Janiya Sevilla Santa Cruz 

8262 Carson Cuzick Santa Cruz 

8263 Felipe Padia~Woriega Santa Cruz 

8264 Joaquin Darbro Santa Cruz 
607 


Insert offset folio 674 here 98942A.576

8265 Kayla Teixeira Watsonville 

8266 Samantha Castro Watsonville 

8267 Leslie Zhou Watsonville 

8268 Jack Peoples Aptos 

8269 Rebecca Mejia Watsonville 

8270 Claire OWens Watsonville 

8271 Sahid Valenzuela Castroville 

8272 Sevgey DuBeub Santa Cruz 

8273 Jonathon Duarte Hollister 

8274 Rogelio Rocha Watsonville 

8275 Ashlind Martinez Watsonville 

8276 Kayla Colendich Watsonville 

8277 Aaron Duran Prundale 

8278 Chase Vargas Watsonville 

8279 Chrissy Cosgrove Capitola 

8280 Valentina Velasquez Watsonville 

8281 Jazzie Estrada Scotts Valley 

8282 Catarina Bianchu Soquel 

8283 Salvador Rodriguez Watsonvme 

8284 Ashley luvingstone Santa Cruz 

8285 Tommy Carroll Monterey 

8286 Caitlin Croghan Corralitos 

8287 Jessica Walsh Hollister 

8288 Brandee Navamo Watsonville 

8289 Erik Rose Salinas 

8290 Bianca Rocha Aromas 

8291 Janessa Carmona Watsonville 

8292 Jacob Cardona Watsonville 

8293 Ben Bomm Watsonville 

8294 Nick Deleissegues Royal Oaks 

8295 Emily Schall Ben Lomond 

8296 Sandra Tolamatl Watsonville 

8297 Braxton Peterson Aptos 

8298 Nick Llemyee Watsonville 

8299 Jacqueline Casillas Watsonville 

8300 Jessica Ward Tres Pinos 

8301 Mareo Palacios Watsonville 

8302 Abbie Briley Watsonville 

8303 Katia Tinetti Santa Cruz 
608 


Insert offset folio 675 here 98942A.577

8304 Cynthia Martin Watsonville 

8305 Perla Ornelas Watsonville 

8306 Anthony Aluarez Watsonville 

8307 Cassandra Nunez Watsonville 

8308 Kiko Ragsac Watsonville 

8309 Danny Carvantes Watsonville 

8310 Mackenzie Mitchell Santa Cruz 

8311 Chloe Thurman Santa Cruz 

8312 Larissa Rocha Watsonville 

8313 Jose suarez Watsonville 

8314 Jamie Licker Santa Cruz 

8315 Brice Watson Santa Cruz 

8316 Paulina Ortiz Watsonville 

8317 Joseph Roman Marina 

8318 HyeRim Ryoo San Juan Batista 

8319 Allan Stamm Santa Cruz 

8320 Jacob zvanovich Watsonville 

8321 Kathy Diao Watsonville 

8322 Lily Wang Watsonville 

8323 Katie Gonzalez Watsonville 

8324 Erica Leung Hollister 

8325 Natalia Camacho Watsonville 

8326 Shelby Robinett Watsonville 

8327 Anna Erickson Capitola 

8328 Camille Baylis Watsonville 

8329 Marissa DeVogelaera Moss Landing 

8330 Victona Yassa Soquel 

8331 Paul Colosi Watsonville 

8332 Isaac Weitzien Santa Cruz 

8333 Cameron Croghan Watsonville 

8334 Michael Sanchez Watsonville 

8335 Ryan Locatelli Santa Cruz 

8336 Tori Yamaoka Hollister 

8337 Keenan Leh Aptos 

8338 Angel Rice Watsonvllle 

8339 Sean Moakler Hollister 

8340 Malcolm Baum Sacramento 

8341 Cotton Hanief Capitola 

8342 Todd Butka Santa Cruz 
609 


Insert offset folio 676 here 98942A.578

8343 Jenae Depagle Aptos 

8344 Ryan Burr Irvine 

8345 Chris Irving Santa Cruz 

8346 Lauryn Barton Aptos 

8347 Bryan Barton Aptos 

8348 Steve Holdaway Aptos 

8349 Kathy Holdaway Aptos 

8350 Jane Prough La Selva Beach 

8351 Rob Prough La Selva Beach 

8352 Jerry Lopez Dinuba 

8353 Calvin Penner Dinuba 

8354 Shauna Nanez Capitola 

8355 Paula Kuntz Capitola 

8356 Darlwyn Roberts Canada 

8357 Cody Swails Aptos 

8358 Tracy Kast Fresno 

8359 Russell Brudsers Santa Cruz 

8360 Sarah Meredfth San Jose 

8361 Steven Meredfth San Jose 

8362 David Si!verglate Santa Cruz 

8363 Kirtis Ranes bottom Santa Cruz 

8364 Jerry Garcia Santa Cruz 

8365 Don Landes Santa Cruz 

8366 Ahmad Mansour Stockton 

8367 Jall11in Grant Santa Cruz 

8368 Michele Moore Santa Cruz 

8369 Kai Brantley Santa Cruz 

8370 Athanasios Boutsoulis Stockton 

8371 Cynthia Patty Santa Cruz 

8372 Will Brunner Scotts Valley 

8373 Mikiko lwaki Boulder Creek 

8374 Karen Enos Scotts Valley 

8375 Mara Murphy Scotts Valley 

8376 Cathy Johnson Scotts Valley 

8377 Phil Himes Santa Cruz 

8378 Maxwell De mara Yuma, AZ 

8379 Emmanuel Fuentes Yuma, AZ 

8380 Gavin Nicewander Yuma, AZ 

8381 Joaquin Tapia Yuma, AZ 
610 


Insert offset folio 677 here 98942A.579

8382 Marvin Beltran Visalia 

8383 Ted Aylakeotes San Jose 

8384 William Richard Santa Cruz 

8385 Jimmie Brewer Capitola 

8386 Holly Mayer San Jose 

8387 Jesse Mayer San Jose 

8388 Melinda Bellucci Scotts Valley 

8389 Dorothy O'Niel Winters 

8390 Stephen Morairty Scotts Valley 

8391 Bhaine Davis Scotts Valley 

8392 Jeanne Ulwelling Scotts Valley 

8393 Martha Emery Felton 

8394 Michael Valles Santa Cruz 

8395 Adam Logie Ben Lomond 

8396 Rui u Scotts Valley 

8397 Cartos Pampara Yuma, AZ 

8398 Kelly Gibson Scotts Valley 

8399 Michael Elliott Washington DC 

8400 Maureen Kelsen Scotts Valley 

8401 Kendall Kelsen Scotts Valley 

8402 Jason O'Dell Scotts Valley 

8403 Michael Ulwelling Scotts Valley 

8404 Richard Huffman Santa Cruz 

8405 Tara Bensen Scotts Valley 

8406 Thomas Bloom Scotts Valley 

8407 Karisa Centanni Scotts Valley 

8408 Ken Gays on Scotts Valley 

8409 Sarah Yan Artsdalen Scotts Valley 

8410 Shikiru Stiles Ben Lomond 

8411 Helen Power Felton 

8412 Bonnie Doran Scotts Valley 

8413 Lerena Edington Scotts Valley 

8414 Mark Edington Scotts Valley 

8415 Shana Yalor Scotts Valley 

8416 Christina Kobland Santa Cruz 

8417 Janet Snyder SantaCruz 

8418 Joanna Goodman Soquel 

8419 Elaine Richards Santa Cruz 

8420 Kamila Burns Santa Cruz 
611 


Insert offset folio 678 here 98942A.580

8421 Gina Velez Capitola 

8422 Nancy Manning Santa Cruz 

8423 Anna Waltzes Santa Cruz 

8424 Malena Veya Santa Cruz 

8425 Brett Berd Redondo Bench 

8426 Briar Owens Santa Cruz 

8427 Martha Gomez Santa Cruz 

8428 Manila Bol La Selva Bernt 

8429 Alex Oima Santa Cruz 

8430 James Battendiem Santa Cruz 

8431 Cristtye Hutt Santa Cruz 

8432 Katy Banmoty Watsonville 

8433 May Banmoty Watsonville 

8434 Chrtstineh Nickeh Santa Cruz 

8435 Gerry Fairbairn Park City. UT 

8436 Kimbenee lopez Santa Cruz 

8437 Vaimes Sandoval Santa Cruz 

8438 Gary Carpenter Santa Cruz 

8439 Ros Munro Santa Cruz 

8440 Bill Freguson Lompico 

8441 Julio MacWilliams Santa Cruz 

8442 Suzre Kriz Santa Cruz 

8443 Savannah Sapino Santa Cruz 

8444 Nate Miller Santa Cruz 

8445 Hagar Barson Santa Cruz 

8446 Yesnia Curiel Aptos 

8447 Beatriz Castillo Aptos 

8448 Daniel MaMahon Arcata 

8449 Ymir Jimenez Yuma, AZ. 

8450 Francisco Aouine Yuma, AZ 

8451 luis Jacquez Yuma, AZ 

8452 Chris Barajas Visa lei 

8453 Jennifer Doak Gilroy 

8454 Christina Pedersen SantaCruz 

8455 Maiya Hilliard Santa Clara 

8456 Jody Bone Sacramento 

8457 Comixv Hutae Santa Cruz 

8458 Kedra McCillougl Santa Cruz 

8459 Maddy Bruce Santa Cruz 
612 


Insert offset folio 679 here 98942A.581

8460 Abby Harrison Santa Cruz 

8461 Shannon Grant Fremont 

8462 Tyrell Descheny Rock Point 

8463 Jake Peoples Santa Cruz 

8464 Vicky Castro 

8465 David lzett Scotts Valley 

8466 Cindsec Harris Santa Cruz 

8467 Rozalyn Harris Marina 

8468 Darien Clinter Santa Cruz 

8469 Cinar Reier Watsonville 

84 70 Kathryn Chrtstopher Santa Cruz 

8471 Chevie Robideal Santa Cruz 

8472 Mitchell Ruiz Tracy 

8473 Kellen Hastie Santa Cruz 

8474 Miile Kinls Watsonville 

8475 Cal Foumien Watsonville 

8476 Matt Jones Soquel 

8477 Ed Valearcel Capitola 

8478 Lori Mode Sacramento 

8479 Rachel Modle Sacramento 

8480 Shermeil Dass Aptos 

8481 Stacer Ross Capitola 

8482 Jim Koch Scotts Valley 

8483 Cara Grauer Capitola 

8484 Kelly Naber Los Gatos 

8485 Jordan Gkonstal Santa Cruz 

8486 Jim Sinnoit Scotts Valley 

8487 James Goldsher~ Washington DC 

8488 Kial Clarke Aptos 

8489 Stan Martin San Jose 

8490 Tom Ooak Gilroy 

8491 Martha Lopez Chubb Santa Cruz 

8492 Reese Glotzbach Menlo Park 

6493 Jennifer lzant Santa Cruz 

8494 Jan Blout Waxahachie 

8495 Wayne Jordan Santa Cruz 

8496 Emiliy Hutchlng-Jordan Santa Cruz 

8497 Jose Gaitan Aptos 

8498 Susan Day Capitola 
613 


Insert offset folio 680 here 98942A.582

8499 Paula Mandev Aptos 

8500 Dorothy Morgan Aptos 

8501 Michael Keeley Soquel 

8502 Matt Contreras Felton 

8503 Nikki Frediani Santa Cruz 

8504 Ari Dalessandro Santa Cruz 

8505 Gail Davis Santa Cruz 

8506 Neal Christan Santa Cruz 

8507 Christine Welch Santa Cruz 

8508 Mike Zinqani Los Gatos 

8509 Seth Bernabei Santa Cruz 

8510 Erik Ragan Salinas 

8511 Mathy Ragan Salilnas 

8512 Kirko larsen Santa Cruz 

8513 Adam Beck Santa Cruz 

8514 Jon Gelling Boulder Creek 

8515 Luis Ortiz Wastonville 

8516 Melissa Gonzalez Marina 

8517 Dave Zum Tode Columbia, SC 

8518 Delhauteur Garance Belgium 

8519 Clydis Newby Santa Cruz 

8520 Delaney Miller Ben Lomond 

8521 Louis Runeare Santa Cruz 

8522 John Lamb Santa Cruz 

8523 Mike Silbacegh Aptos 

8524 Tiffanae Luke Santa Cruz 

8525 Ray Naeyaert Santa Cruz 

8526 Mary Kline SantaCruz 

8527 Dan Sanda Live Oak 

8528 Kathi Conner Aptos 

8529 Krista Glotzbach Menlo Park 

8530 Alexandra Glotzbach Menlo Park 

8531 Sonja Oinella Capitola 

8532 Eva Harvey Montreal, Canada 

8533 Mia Harvey Montreal, Canada 

8534 Joy Smiley Santa Cruz 

8535 Hunter Harvey Montreal, Canada 

8536 Adriana Dominguez Castroville 

8537 Pasquel Dominguez Castroville 
614 


Insert offset folio 681 here 98942A.583

8538 Ruth Segal Santa Cruz 

8539 Caeylin Ace Los Gatos 

8540 Ray Morenzavi Los Gatos 

8541 Ranoy Kleis Aptos 

8542 Rebecca Kleis Aptos 

8543 Richard Kaufmann Santa Cruz 

8544 Walter Condegna Santa Cruz 

8545 Ronen Navah Santa Cruz 

8546 Juli Lepley Santa Cruz 

854 7 Shawnte Corona Watsonville 

8548 Kianna Corona Maciel Watsonville 

8549 Gabriella Martinez Watsonville 

8550 Tyson Corona Martinez Watsonville 

8551 Isabella Yokem Popek Watsonville 

8552 John Martinez Watsonville 

8553 Gina Ura Gilroy 

8554 Shiela Hurtey Aptos 

8555 Kean Hurtey Aptos 

8556 Kye Hurley Aptos 

8557 David West West Hollywood 

8558 Jennette Rize Aptos 

8559 Diane Hanania San Juan Baustista 

8560 Beth Ann Fishburn Aptos 

8561 Luca Fishbum Aptos 

8562 Eva Quevedo Soquel 

8563 Melanie Molina Santa Cruz 

8564 Carmen Molina Santa Cruz 

8565 Christina Reason Ben lomond 

8566 Haley Johnson Boulder Creek 

8567 Julianna Ruiz Felton 

8568 John Kiearsted Ben Lomond 

8569 Audrey Parment Felton 

8570 McKenna Cox Mount Hermon 

8571 Andrew Gudnuson Mount Hermon 

8572 Ronie Whittall Boulder Creek 

8573 Joseph Rosenquist Ben Lomond 

8574 Noah Brown Ben Lomond 

8575 Mia Brees Boulder Creek 

8576 Chris Bond Boulder Creek 
615 


Insert offset folio 682 here 98942A.584

8577 Quinn Bourret Felton 

8578 Michael Martinex Boulder Creek 

8579 Antonio Gniewosz Felton 

8580 Aidan O'Connell Boulder Creek 

8581 Sarah Stoner·Nicolosi Ben Lomond 

8582 Eli Reyes Boulder Creek 

8583 Evan Karow Ben Lomond 

8584 Daniel Len dry Scotts Valley 

8585 Scott Deal Felton 

8586 Heidi Soto Santa Cruz 

8587 Heath Hanich Santa Cruz 

8588 Michael Rudolph Santa Cruz 

8589 Stephen Birmingham Santa Cruz 

8590 Cory Fitzhugh Santa Cruz 

8591 Sheny Dean Scotts Valley 

8592 Kimberly Contreras Felton 

8593 Danielle Lee Boulder Creek 

8594 Ertk Nelson Ben Lomond 

8595 Amy Girot Ben Lomond 

8596 Ralph Fistonich Ben Lomond 

8597 Patrick McLaughlin Felton 

8598 Nicole Herbold Bonny Doon 

8599 Kara Park Scotts Valley 

8600 Riley Park Scotts Valley 

8601 Laurisa Martone Santa Cruz 

8602 Jackie Cull Santa Cruz 

8603 Jennifer Peters Ben Lomond 

8604 Marty Gillum San Jose 

8605 Morgan Buckingham Santa Cruz 

8606 Sasha Curtis Santa Cruz 

8607 Orion Latin Santa Cruz 

8608 Jon Diller Santa Cruz 

8609 Loy Johnson Santa Cruz 

8610 Jasmine Huang Fu Taiwan 

8611 Jamie Thompson Santa Cruz 

8612 Scott Sommers Santa Cruz 

8613 Allen White Santa Cruz 

8614 Brian Ham Santa Cruz 

8615 Jocelyn Feriaidl Santa Cruz 
616 


Insert offset folio 683 here 98942A.585

8616 Marie Berticench Santa Cruz 

8617 Michelle Nolan SantaCruz 

8618 Calvin Garitt Santa Cruz 

8619 Leslie Alvarez Santa Cruz 

8620 Kyle Suess live Oak 

8621 Sheryl! Lemke Hayward 

8622 Gary Corbett Santa Cruz 

8623 Sarah Stoner-Duncaton Santa Cruz 

8624 Kevin Smib Santa Cruz 

8625 Sandy Harger Santa Cruz 

8626 Mirkill Vilczgnshi Santa Cruz 

8627 Mary Lou Dalasa Santa Cruz 

8628 Alejandro Gatieo Pacific Grove 

8629 Sally Sirocky Pacific Grove 

8630 Bris Esarys Aptos 

8631 Leon Morauski Willits 

8632 Eelin Lamasta Santa Cruz 

8633 Stephen Stires Aptos 

8634 Yasi Pahlevemlov SantaCruz 

8635 Dawn Roach Santa Cruz 

8636 Sherilyn Jager Scotts Valley 

8637 Anya Lowe San Jose 

8638 Angelo Gatta no Santa Cruz 

8639 Michelle Hilt Santa Cruz 

8640 Valerie Revhl Capitola 

8641 Ellie Cayaseuter San Jose 

8642 Amy Storlie San Jose 

8643 Lisa Ojeda San Jose 

8644 Pamela Caraballo Woodbridge 

8645 Laura Gonzalez Watsonville 

8646 Juan Espindola Watsonville 

8647 Prisco Crowley Ben lomond 

8648 Alexis Wright Santa Cruz 

8649 Johnty Hickman Santa Cruz 

8650 Laura Wilson Santa Cruz 

8651 Betty Camp Santa Cruz 

8652 Che Cahovette Santa Cruz 

8653 Savannah Arolen Santa Cruz 

8654 Muttuo Bovio Santa Cruz 
617 


Insert offset folio 684 here 98942A.586

8655 Alex Solorzano Santa Cruz 

8656 Oscar Ferzu Santa Cruz 

8657 Trudie Rasun Santa Cruz 

8658 Ed Mavtinez Santa Cruz 

8659 Marty Christensen Santa Cruz 

8660 Kevin Bikam Santa Cruz 

8661 Christian Carrillo Santa Cruz 

8662 Jackie Oda Santa Cruz 

8663 Ray Bese San Diego 

8664 Bruce Herman Aptos 

8665 Roger Mihara Santa Cruz 

8666 Meredy Wells Los Gatos 

8667 Ryan Castillo Santa Cruz 

8668 Andrew Watts Santa Cruz 

8669 Nate Moore Santa Cruz 

8670 Terri Bartos Santa Cruz 

8671 Robeite Giroux Ben Lomond 

8672 John Sears Santa Cruz 

8673 Matt Richardson Santa Cruz 

867 4 Sebastian Richardson Santa Cruz 

8675 Usa Sloyler Santa Cruz 

8676 Hugh Zike Santa Cruz 

8677 Cheladee Biancvivi Santa Cruz 

8678 ian Fleming San Diego 

8679 Mill Tleiring San Louis Obisbo 

8680 Emma Baker Toledo 

8681 Catherine Baker ToledoOH 

8682 Leiu Metcalfe Nelson, NZ 

8683 Anna Penrose-Leving Aptos 

8684 Tracy Kumaishi Santa Cruz 

8685 Evan Anderson Redwood City 

8686 Robert Forte Santa Cruz 

8687 Shaine Gains Doloves 

8688 Sarah Baumgart Santa Cruz 

8689 Nada Miljkovic Santa Cruz 

8690 David Epp Abbotsford BC 

8691 Sara Epp Abbotsford BC 

8692 Serena Palumbo Santa Cruz 

8693 Larson Holgers Santa Cruz 
618 


Insert offset folio 685 here 98942A.587

8694 Calvin Holgers Santa Cruz 

8695 Silas Holgers Santa Cruz 

8696 Melissa Betrone Bonny Doon 

8697 Diana Bingham Santa Cruz 

8698 Mia Stafford Santa Cruz 

8699 Shahiz EIShaieb Santa Cruz 

8700 Ethan El Shyeb Santa Cruz 

8701 Clint Mattacola Santa Cruz 

8702 Davan Mattacola Santa Cruz 

8703 Jarred Syyett Santa Cruz 

8704 Kevin Beri Seattle, WA 

8705 Gittan Nilsson Sweden- Hjo 

8706 Susanne Nywertz Sweden-Hjo 

8707 Tommy Nywertz Sweden-Hjo 

8708 Jorgen Nilsson Sweden- Hjo 

8709 Carol Bolanol Santa Cruz 

8710 Jaxon Matthews Santa Cruz 

8711 Shia Jaesler Santa Cruz 

8712 Anna Lahdauer Santa Cruz 

8713 Brooke Marh Santa Cruz 

8714 Randy Russca Santa Cruz 

8715 Anna Hoult NanaimbBC 

8716 Jenny Fry SantaCruz 

8717 Joe Rumb Brtstol UK 

8718 Sarah Shih sty Santa Cruz 

8719 Nicholas Loffree Santa Cruz 

8720 Adi Welch Santa Cruz 

8721 Maria Freeman Santa Cruz 

8722 Ben Read Santa Cruz 

8723 Ulrike Wagner Santa Cruz 

8724 Chaocotte Wagner Santa Cruz 

8725 Usa Hunter Santa Cruz 

8726 Bailey O'Reyeal Santa Cruz 

8727 Maude Stafford Santa Cnuz 

8728 Troy Stafford Santa Cnuz 

8729 Maddy Stafford Santa Cruz 

8730 Mer Stafford Santa Cruz 

8731 Ken Foster Santa Cruz 

8732 Sandy Ecal S. Pasadena 
619 


Insert offset folio 686 here 98942A.588

8733 Patricia Canton Santa Cruz 

8734 Dereiz Schultz Ben Lomond 

8735 Adam Westoeidn Oakland 

8736 Noah Milich Ben Lomond 

8737 Cesar Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

8738 Kevin McBrearty SantaCruz 

8739 Chad Bro Santa Cruz 

8740 Kevin Johnson Carmel Valley 

8741 Kyle Romer Santa Cruz 

8742 Scott Strtbling Oakland 

8743 Mira Haslam Felton 

8744 Noah Smith Los Angeles 

8745 Abel Smith Los Angeles 

8746 Adrey Smith Los Angeles 

8747 Wanda Sisnroy Boulder Creek 

8748 Steve Pearl Boulder Creek 

87 49 Jennifer Konicke Davenport 

8750 Michelle McCollyer Ben Lomond 

8751 lona McCollyer Ben Lomond 

8752 Emrys McCollyer Ben Lomond 

8753 Scott Main San Francisco 

8754 Andrew Fair Oakland 

8755 Preeti Upadhyaya San Francisco 

8756 Remy Chan San Francisco 

8757 Steve Miller Scotts Valley 

8758 Megan Miller Scotts Valley 

8759 Teresa Revino Scotts Valley 

8760 JC Hicks Anaheim 

8761 Tiffany Sauce Scotts Valley 

8762 Ben Davis Santa Cruz 

8763 Hawley Davis Santa Cruz 

8754 Nate Riffle Los Gatos 

8765 Nicole Ricion Lake Tahoe 

8766 Bramdke Avagdle Santa Cruz 

8767 Dale Feudorf Felton 

8768 Pete Anderson Santa Cruz 

8769 West Dale Scotts Valley 

8770 Mark Walker Scotts Valley 

8771 Megen Walker Mt. Hermon 
620 


Insert offset folio 687 here 98942A.589

8772 cany Palmer Scotts Valley 

8773 Danci Birt Scotts Valley 

8774 William Crane Santa Cruz 

8775 Amanda Cross Santa Cruz 

8776 Caillyn Conan San Jose 

8777 Matthew Williams San Jose 

8778 Kelsey Mederesser Santa Cruz 

8779 Jason Campbell Santa Cruz 

8780 Chlis Robles Watsonville 

8781 Steve Ladder Watsonville 

8782 R. Feline Dominguez saunas 

8783 Ryan Zibell San Jose 

8784 Anthony Pi no Cambridge 

8785 Dustin Duits San Jose 

8786 Emmett Pickett Menlo Park 

8787 Kathy Mendes Felton 

8788 Heather Benko Santa Cruz 

8789 Meagan Brown Houston,TX 

8790 Kayline Martinez Boulder Creek 

8791 Lyle Vachon Ben Lomond 

8792 Megan Alisago Felton 

8793 Ramona Gasch Santa Cruz 

8794 Mischa Gash Santa Cruz 

8795 Julia Gonzales Mt. Hermon 

8796 Matt Pavich Ben lomond 

8797 Jil Boatright Los Gatos 

8798 Janlane Wilkein Felton 

8799 Megan Songer Santa Cruz 

8800 Jeremy Lim can Boulder Creek 

8801 Alison Steven Boulder Creek 

8802 Elysia Cryer Boulder Creek 

8803 Raquel Watjen Sunnyvale 

8804 Javier Gonzales Stockton 

8805 Leslie Jaquith Santa Cruz 

8806 Kipp Kruger Portland,OR 

8807 Wendy Lob Santa Clara 

8808 Colin Gerber Scotts Valley 

8809 Courtney Samory Scotts Valley 

8810 Antoinette Bamatoy San Francisco 
621 


Insert offset folio 688 here 98942A.590

8811 Lauren Hepler Oakland 

8812 Wendy Cobaugh Felton 

8813 Gretchen Gudenkaw Felton 

8814 Bernie Vachon Ben Lomond 

8815 Arthur Henry Salinas 

8816 Alejaudra de das camada Madrid 

8817 Ruth Ellen Luenr St. Paul MN 

8818 Jacob Hyde Bonny Doon 

8819 Venna Contuchio Santa Cruz 

8820 Joey Santingo Pacifica 

8821 Brad Patterson Lompico felton 

8822 Caroline Bliss~lslay Los Gatos mtn. 

8823 Ken Woelfel Santa Cruz 

8824 Paul Greenleaf Santa Cruz 

8825 Tumeld Tempestas Santa Cruz 

8826 Robert Boatright Santa Cruz 

8827 Austin Whaley Fremont 

8828 Gabrile Lobel Felton 

8829 Denise Nickenson Santa Cruz 

8830 Frank Blom Santa Cruz 

8831 Mario Sandoval Santa Cruz 

8832 Stephanie Flores Santa Cruz 

8833 Sara Solovihk Santa Cruz 

8834 Richard Scheinin Santa Cruz 

8835 Carol McMillan Santa Cruz 

8836 Darrin Chadman Santa Cruz 

8837 Norman Tardif Santa Cruz 

8838 Alice Durand Santa Cruz 

8839 Sean Maguire Santa Cruz 

8840 Thomas Leaky Capitola 

8841 Sofia Sorensen Santa Cruz 

8842 Haig Richardson Felton 

8843 Dane Kaist Felton 

8844 Lesliz Schneider Felton 

8845 Bernie Smith Scotts Valley 

8846 Olivia Fennelly Ben Lomond 

8847 Katherine Sparrow Soquel 

8848 Ellie Groce Denver 

8849 Kathleen Houth Watsonville 
622 


Insert offset folio 689 here 98942A.591

8850 Joan Mttchell Santa Cruz 

8851 Stuart Brager Santa Cruz 

8852 Kathy Miles Santa Cruz 

8853 Rosa Estreniera Elk Grove 

8854 carman Crujido Elk Grove 

8855 Milmael !rete Soquel 

8856 Michelle Friesell Santa Cruz 

8857 Jon Friesen Santa Cruz 

8858 Kari Lanser Seattle 

8859 Bill Sill avo Santa Cruz 

8860 Geanne Henri< Aptos 

8861 Chartes Msie! Santa Cruz 

8862 Nancy Beckel Boulder Creek 

8863 Riley larson Garden Valley 

8864 Lucas larson Garden Valley 

8865 Hanah Houda Capitola 

8866 Margsserite Twmerseral Lion 

8867 Catherine Ramirez Santa Cruz 

8868 Jolene Cue Santa Cruz 

8869 Sherry Eisendorf santa Cruz 

8870 erik Hagry Santa Cruz 

8871 Jane Kon Los Gatos 

8872 Dan Schwas Richmond 

8873 Tom Bepleiz Felton 

8874 Diana Eriman Richmond 

8875 Ron Callison Watsonville 

8876 Daniel Stumff San Jane 

8877 Linda Deal Felton 

8878 Jesse Dresbach Ben lomond 

8879 Christina Knight Santa Cruz 

8880 Chen ChenWu San Jose 

8881 Kevin Fischer Scotts Valley 

8882 Dawn Smith Boulder Creek 

8883 Tessa Tuttman Capitola 

8884 Wyatt Pope Capitola 

8885 Sean Tuttman Capitola 

8886 Rebecca Rezz Santa Cruz 

8887 Louise Durham Soquel 

8888 Phil Slaymaker Santa Cruz 
623 


Insert offset folio 690 here 98942A.592

8889 Tay Johnson Aptos 

8890 Peggy Tanger-Ford San Jose 

8891 Roya Ford San Jose 

8892 Michael Hutchison Santa Cruz 

8893 Ryan Allen Santa Cruz 

8894 Therisa Chaid San Jose 

8895 Caroline Robinson Santa Cruz 

8896 Jeanie Hamel Santa Cruz 

8897 Clarisa Flores Mariposa County 

8898 Martin Lear Livermore 

8899 Lance Collis Ben Lomond 

8900 Tina Gillum San Jose 

8901 Lori Vienna Capitola 

8902 Marin Miller Pleasanton 

8903 Bruce Werden Aptos 

8904 Monique lewis Gult 

8905 Candice Baumbach Lodi 

8906 ScoHie Cade Watsonville 

8907 James Neil Huntington Beach 

8908 Walter Neil Gilroy 

8909 Rebecca Davis Aptos 

8910 Chlistina Malcolm Capitola 

8911 Manila Bol LSB 

8912 Steve Kurstin Santa Barbara 

8913 Alan Strassberg Capitola 

8914 Drea Bitt-Lambros Capitola 

8915 Bill Lambros Capitola 

8916 Michele Rossi Capitola 

8917 Lourdes Gomez San Juan Bautista 

8918 Kyle Tuttman Capitola 

8919 Jacob Gipson Lake Elshore 

8920 Katrina Moore Philadelphia, PA 

8921 Nate Moore Philadelphia, PA 

8922 Nancy Lenz Santa Cruz 

8923 Hugh Rideout Santa Cruz 

8924 Kaylin De Diana Santa Cruz 

8925 Mark DeDiana Santa Cra 

8926 Joe Sherman Santa Cruz 

8927 Brett Graf Santa Cruz 
624 


Insert offset folio 691 here 98942A.593

8928 Alex Kenik Oakland 

8929 Laura Ruff Santa Cruz 

8930 Carter McCoy Santa Cruz 

8931 Mathew Birt Santa Cruz 

8932 Angelica Osuna Riverside,Ca 

8933 Crystole Kummerer Napa,CA 

8934 Stacy Cley Santa Cruz 

8935 Gayle Viole tie Kirkland, WA 

8936 Lorena Hernandez LA County 

8937 Christine Bowman Capitola 

8938 Laura Wickman Soquel 

8939 Susan Tomko Shingle Springs 

8940 Cathy Fennelly Ben lomond 

8941 Bradley Persson Campbell 

8942 Nadya Arkhangelskays Los Gatos 

8943 Rebecca Meshenberg Los Gatos 

8944 Ruslan Meshenberg los Gatos 

8945 Owian Rootness ElDorado 

8946 Jim Rootness ElDorado 

8947 Noah Perez Boulder Creek 

8948 Jacqueline Green Ventrua, CA 

8949 Heather Shannon Soquel 

8950 Vema Kha Santa Cruz 

8951 Stephanie Madugal Watsonville 

8952 Genalle Gilmore Soquel 

8953 Lindsey Lujan Angels Camp 

8954 Miclman Silverman Rochester, NY 

8955 Chertotte Mavieu Otsego, MN 

8956 Stacy Sidy Santa Cruz 

8957 Dylan Shened Ben Lomond 

8958 Crais Valenta Santa Cruz 

8959 Nicholes Naccari Ben Lomond 

8960 Scott Baty Santa Barbra 

8961 Matt Berarch Campbell 

8962 Morath Henaj Santa Cruz 

8963 Oadic Galfartaud Claudia 

8964 Elaine Kararnovsly San Jose 

8965 Deus Farreinr Wartacicso 

8966 Joan Colbert Stockton 
625 


Insert offset folio 692 here 98942A.594

8967 Simone Tanner Ben Lomond 

8968 Liz Tanner Ben Lomond 

8969 Jon Neff Ben Lomond 

8970 Rosie Neff Ben Lomond 

8971 Nancy Aylsworth Felton 

8972 Patrick Burr Boulder Creek 

8973 Shelly Stryker Felton 

8974 Carol Stephen Ben Lomond 

8975 Nargaux Denis Belgum 

8976 Roni Trader Felton. CA 

8977 Don Kinnamon Santa Cruz, CA 

8978 Paul Garcia San Jose 

8979 Jan Burroughs Santa Cruz 

8980 Olivia Burroughs Santa Cruz 

8981 Yoon Lee San Jose 

8982 Kendall Mendoza San Jose 

8983 Dolan McFimnjoy Watsonville 

8984 Dan Bec!se Boulder Creek 

8985 Peter Smithry Aptos 

8986 Robert Cerhiqlin Santa Rosa 

8987 Gabriella Echmann Saling 

8988 Jose Velasquez Salinas 

8989 Basse! Faltas Santa Cruz 

8990 Paul Treanor Watsonville 

8991 Merry Treanor Aptos 

8992 Sheilh Mclaughlin Santa Cruz 

8993 Victor Panero Aptos 

8994 Beth Panero Aptos 

8995 Riggs Powell Aptos 

8996 Ken Lake Aptos 

8997 Sara Lake Aptos 

8998 Julie Graham Aptos 

8999 Rod Graham Aptos 

9000 Devin Graham Gloving 

9001 Joe Else Aptos 

9002 Taale Rosellini santa Cruz 

9003 Rebecca Heuer Aptos 

9004 Alicia Masliato Santa Cruz 

9005 Jurgen Prambs Felton 
626 


Insert offset folio 693 here 98942A.595

9006 Amanda McDonald Boulder Creek 

9007 Lily Maness Ben Lomond 

9008 Shannon Watkins Eugene, OR 

9009 Ava Badger Ben Lomond 

901 0 Isabella Thorwaldson McKinleyville, CA 

9011 David Rice Watsonville 

9012 Melissa Rice Watsonville 

9013 Janicer Rose Aptos 

9014 Wendy Lobaugh Felton 

9015 Sam Monteu San Ramon 

9016 Adrienne Potter San Ramon 

9017 Kalina Pang San Ramon 

9018 Martee Lam in San Ramon 

9019 Patriax GaVdroan Brookdale 

9020 Maiyiong Cha Santa Cnuz 

9021 Marty Friedman Scotts Valley 

9022 Jason Bustillos Felton 

9023 Oswaldo vasquez Watsonville 

9024 Christine Robbin Boulder Creek 

9025 Freda Salatino Felton 

9026 Elijah Ben-Haik Fremont 

9027 Diana Miller Ben Lomond 

9028 Caroline Elam Scotts Valley 

9029 Eart Wynn Felton 

9030 Bridget Butler Ben Lomond 

9031 Kathy Sinnott Felton 

9032 Jason Stompf Santa Cruz 

9033 Jess Pringle Boulder Creek 

9034 Laura Pringle Boulder Creek 

9035 Kyle Johnson Ben Lomond 

9036 Matthew Derstine South Creek Cily 

9037 DeeDee Hughes Santa Cruz 

9038 Scott Burr Ben Lomond 

9039 Edward Burns Brookdale 

9040 Doc Sus co Felton 

9041 Heather Bristol Scotts Valley 

9042 Brenden Scofield Felton 

9043 Karol Dowdero Lafayette 

9044 Brian Frus Felton 
627 


Insert offset folio 694 here 98942A.596

9045 Lauren Dcicco Ben lomond 

9046 Cynthia Kahler Austin, TX 

9047 John Rower Felton 

9048 Jeff Us tuck Felton 

9049 Mark Levell Los Gatos 

9050 Joann Crothers Morgan Hill 

9051 Lois Jones Santa Cruz 

9052 Avery Yeatman Carmel 

9053 Maddy Baker Carmel 

9054 Julie Warner Cannel Valley 

9055 Rachel Best Cannel 

9056 Morgan Lane Carmel 

9057 Sophia Federico Salinas 

9058 Stephanie Rhodes Texas 

9059 Mark Alinas Santa Rosa 

9060 Jody Davis Fetton 

9061 dave dondero Felton 

9062 Stephanie Kemmerer Brookdale 

9063 Diane Sterling Scotts Valley 

9064 Marlene Chappell Felton 

9065 John Hines Felton 

9066 Janet Smulick Texas 

9067 Barry Mckockner Cuperchina 

9068 madelyn Beaman Scotts Valley 

9069 Emery Parrish Scotts Valley 

9070 Mac Neimarco Scotts Valley 

9071 Brad Davis San Francisco 

9072 Madeline Carpenter Fairfield 

9073 Nicole Couture Fairfield 

9074 Morgan Caldwell-Holden Santa Cruz 

9075 Kiana Lee Scotts Valley 

9076 Sharkeesha Abraham Scotts Valley 

9077 Nicole Manchester San Jose 

9078 Emma Straud Pacific Grove 

9079 Lauren Tuck Carmel 

9080 Olivia Wayman Pebble Beach 

9081 Antonio Carrera Pebble Beach 

9082 AJ Diakon Pebble Beach 

9083 Jamie Hyde Santa Cruz 
628 


Insert offset folio 695 here 98942A.597

9084 Jack Cartwright Santa Cruz 

9085 Jesse Luis Santa Cruz 

9086 Jakob Anderson HalfMoon Bay 

9087 Ward watts Ha~Moon Bay 

9088 Tort Ramirez Redwood City 

9089 Maddy Kelty San Jose 

9090 Alexia Flippen San Jose 

9091 Jessica Romero Brentwood 

9092 Brendan Grubaugh Brentwood 

9093 Madison Stephens Discovery Bay 

9094 Morgan Jan cock Brentwood 

9095 Cathy Vu Santa Clara 

9096 Louis Tran Santa Clara 

9097 Manny Criado Livermore 

9098 Lindy Castro livermore 

9099 Davia Snider Scotts Valley 

9100 Joslyn Espinola Scotts Valley 

9101 Timmy Wagner Santa Cruz 

9102 Arian Smtth Monterey 

9103 Peter John Monterey 

9104 Vincent Lopez Stockton 

9105 Robin Roby Monterey 

9106 Gianna meschi Boulder Creek 

9107 Kayla Guglielmo Morgan Hill 

9108 Miuaela Tyree Santa Cruz 

9109 Emily Rose Santa Cruz 

9110 Emma Roel Scotts Valley 

9111 Rolan Bartista Union City 

9112 Jharell Bruce Union City 

9113 Rebecca Humphreys San Jose 

9114 Jazmyn Henry San Jose 

9115 Jackie James Salinas 

9116 Bo Murray SantaCruz 

9117 Jackie Murphy Santa Cruz 

9118 David Sutter Etna 

9119 Jenna Curtis Walnut Creek 

9120 Maggie Matzinger Sunnyvale 

9121 Rebecca Cha~ie Tracy 

9122 Kyra Chhiu-Um Stockton 
629 


Insert offset folio 696 here 98942A.598

9123 Samantha Friedman Woodstock 

9124 Rejeigh Diere Woodstock 

9125 Blake Martin Salinas 

9126 Jacob Rogge Santa Cruz 

9127 Riley Hilton Santa Cruz 

9128 Riley Kemp Morgan Hill 

9129 Amber Cowham Felton 

9130 Sam Blanco Union 

9131 Josenilo Blanco Union 

9132 Jasen Ngujen San Jose 

9133 Sam Williams Santa Rosa 

9134 David Meyenberg Salinas 

9135 Sierra Hansen Elm a 

9136 John Murray Fort Jones 

9137 Caroline Philipps Morgana 

9138 Alex Reed Walnut Creek 

9139 Radwan Hamwi Cupertino 

9140 Jenna Zaragosa Hollister 

9141 Kayla King Hollister 

9142 Sophie Beidnes Scotts Valley 

9143 Jessica Meek Santa Cruz 

9144 Miia Silv Chapel Hill 

9145 Jessica Stillings Fairfield 

9146 Moody Erakal Fairfield 

9147 Ussi Mal Fairfield 

9148 Bri BP Fairfield 

9149 Nicole Daniel Lodl 

9150 Madison Leann Lodl 

9151 Ciana Huerta Lodi 

9152 Bernard Reddis Lodi 

9153 Alyssa Hollandsworth Stockton 

9154 Jessie Villagrana Stockton 

9155 Lauren Skube Sacramento 

9156 Sarah Kennedy Sacramento 

9157 Ashley Smith Sacramento 

9158 Lexi Doughty Sacramento 

9159 Natalie Gomez San Jose 

9160 Ruby Bontrager San Jose 

9161 Juhun Dyrl<s San Jose 
630 


Insert offset folio 697 here 98942A.599

9162 Neal McGinley San Jose 

9163 Allegra Stangvlk San Jose 

9164 Sofia Gordon San Jose 

9165 Hannah Peterson San Jose 

9166 Sofia Gilbert San Carlos 

9167 Katherine Mosquera Oakley 

9168 Gabrielle Mosquera Oakley 

9169 Cydnee Kinsiou Oakley 

9170 Maddy Dominguez Oakley 

9171 Leilani Ellis Oakley 

9172 Joey Starico Brentwood 

9173 Nikki Stanek Brentwood 

9174 Cole Amodeo Scotts Valley 

9175 Ari Mostousi Santa Cruz 

9176 Jake Shaefer San Jose 

9177 Teny Terhaar Bonny Doon 

9178 George Gult Boulder Creek. 

9179 Mick Zeaitaler Felton 

9180 ian Mennite Scotts Valley 

9181 Lenore Pafford Felton 

9182 Margaret Horton Santa Cruz 

9183 Donald Rice Jr. Santa Cruz 

9184 Paul Machlis Felton 

9185 Mil Hoener Felton 

9186 Amy Rosa London, UK 

9187 Alice Muller Santa Cruz 

9188 Nick Saltzman Boston 

9189 Stephen Martin Santa Cruz 

9190 Finn Garatton Santa Cruz 

9191 Simon Cesar London, UK 

9192 Kimbury Burke Campbell 

9193 Bob Burke Campbell 

9194 Gary Witizin Santa Cruz 

9195 Justin Silvia Santa Cruz 

9196 Helena Grinwald Santa Cruz 

9197 Suzan Mark Santa Cruz 

9198 Gary Lomax Santa Cruz 

9199 Lany Brown Ben Lomond 

9200 Jesse Banwell Ben Lomond 
631 


Insert offset folio 698 here 98942A.600

9201 Chris Beigran Felton 

9202 Rachel Williams Felton 

9203 Kelly Garvin Morgan Hill 

9204 Jose Alvarez Felton 

9205 Auredio Lopez Prundel 

9206 Ali DoMoro SantaCruz 

9207 Dylan Graham Santa Cruz 

9208 Rosemary Breedlove Santa Cruz 

9209 Deborah Wilson Tyler, TX 

9210 Francis Wilson Santa Cruz 

9211 Susan Taft Keene, NH 

9212 Mark Taft Keene, NH 

9213 Michael Collins Santa Cruz 

9214 Don Collins HalfMoon Bay 

9215 Christion Bielefeldt Copenhagen denmark 

9216 Primavera Hernandez Santa Cruz 

9217 Paloma Richeson Santa Cruz 

9218 Heidi Renteria Santa Cruz 

9219 Becca Woodward Santa Cruz 

9220 Terry Tremblay Santa Cruz 

9221 Marge Schaeider Tolland, CT 

9222 David Schaeider Tolland, CT 

9223 Bethania Jolly New South Wales, Australia 

9224 Kim Olings Sacramento 

9225 Steve Martinez Placonoace 

9226 Madison Martinez Placerville 

9227 John Cra!iun Santa Cruz 

9228 Jorge Melgoza Watsonville 

9229 Tricia Melgoza Watsonville 

9230 Brooke Doverspike Aptos 

9231 Violet Reeser Santa Cruz 

9232 Bill Resser Santa Cruz 

9233 Yvette Pirrone Santa Cruz 

9234 Ashlyn Lyttle Freboon 

9235 Karen Burman Felton 

9236 lammie Webb Boulder Creek 

9237 Joon Parker Columbia 

9238 Chaistinen Pombo Felton 

9239 Tim Gilbert Ben Lomond 
632 


Insert offset folio 699 here 98942A.601

9240 Marianne Wyllie Ben Lomond 

9241 Mary Gist Felton 

9242 Alexander Barangan FElton 

9243 Teresa Dabur Scotts Valley 

9244 John Oconnor Santa Cruz 

9245 Chris Thomas Santa Cruz 

9246 Jeffree Lee Santa Cruz 

9247 Kimball Barton Santa Cruz 

9248 Dyona Basist Santa Cruz 

9249 Sylvia Deek SantaCruz 

9250 Ziggy Rendle-Bregvion Santa Cruz 

9251 Jean Mahoney Santa Cruz 

9252 Michael Keenan Santa Cruz 

9253 Marjone Munson Santa Cruz 

9254 Margaret Baron Santa Cruz 

9255 Laverne Coleman Santa Cruz 

9256 Mangold Fine Santa Cruz 

9257 Stan Rushworth LSB 

9258 Urmila Schmit -Cohen Capitola 

9259 Oleab Leathers Santa Cruz 

9260 Mchelas Kiri<sndall Santa Cruz 

9261 Patti Shimokawa Santa Cruz 

9262 Jon Bartz Ben Lomond 

9263 Robert Tausheck Santa Cruz 

9264 Mirka Masek Ben Lomond 

9265 Lily Bartz Ben Lomond 

9266 Grady Tausheck Felton 

9267 Louis Custadio Felton 

9268 Andrea Custadio Felton 

9269 Dave Gilman Boulder Creek 

9270 Nicole Gilbert Boulder Creek 

9271 Aimee Beaton Aptos 

9272 Brett Sellers Santa Cruz 

9273 Rick Espinosa Scotts Valley 

9274 Carol Costabile Santa Cruz 

9275 Dominique Olivari San Diego 

9276 Anthony Olivari San Diego 

9277 William Olivari Saratoga 

9278 Jerri Olivari Saratoga 
633 


Insert offset folio 700 here 98942A.602

9279 Victor Ardulov Santa Cruz 

9280 Chris Arias Santa Cruz 

9281 Michelle As ire Santa Cruz 

9282 Hany Baker Santa Cruz 

9283 Hildegarde Bell Santa Cruz 

9284 David Benjamin Santa Cruz 

9285 Mike Bertoni Santa Cruz 

9286 James Blaine SantaCruz 

9287 Joseph Bryan Santa Cruz 

9288 Marna Caballero SantaCruz 

9289 Chiara Cabiglro Santa Cruz 

9290 David Carlson Santa Cruz 

9291 Race Carrino Santa Cruz 

9292 Oscar Ceballos Santa Cruz 

9293 Eefei Chen Santa Cruz 

9294 Erik Clarkson Santa Cruz 

9295 Seth Cohen Santa Cruz 

9296 Brent Cooley Santa Cruz 

9297 Samantha Covington Santa Cruz 

9298 Sarah Culver Santa Cruz 

9299 Diego Diaz-Lindquist Santa Cruz 

9300 Elise Ehrheart Santa Cruz 

9301 Matt Farrell Santa Cruz 

9302 Mark Faulker Santa Cruz 

9303 Lani Faulkner Santa Cruz 

9304 Kate Faver Boulder Creek 

9305 Keera Fowler Santa Cruz 

9306 Kathy Frank Santa Cruz 

9307 Dan Frisch Santa Cruz 

9308 Taylor Furtado Santa Cruz 

9309 Connie Gabriel~ Wilson Santa Cruz 

9310 Kim Gardner Santa Cruz 

9311 Tom Gardner Santa Cruz 

9312 Danielle Garsha Santa Cruz 

9313 Asher Geldman Santa Cruz 

9314 Jack Hankins Santa Cruz 

9315 Kelly Harrison Santa Cruz 

9316 Dale Hendsbee Santa Cruz 

9317 Michael Herrera Santa Cruz 
634 


Insert offset folio 701 here 98942A.603

9318 Keith Hondalson Santa Cruz 

9319 Cathy Hsu Santa Cruz 

9320 Chris Hutcherson Santa Cruz 

9321 Matt Jelten Santa Cruz 

9322 Scott Joly Santa Cruz 

9323 Melinda Jones Santa Cruz 

9324 Ona Jones Santa Cruz 

9325 Alex Josselyn Santa Cruz 

9326 Marceya Kagan Santa Cruz 

9327 Peter Katsaros Santa Cruz 

9328 Angela Lambert Santa Cruz 

9329 Rich Larson Santa Cruz 

9330 Aaron Lemas Santa Cruz 

9331 Jessica Macias Santa Cruz 

9332 Scott Main-Hill Santa Cruz 

9333 Pavlo Manovi Santa Cruz 

9334 Jessica McCallum Niland 

9335 Keelin McConnick Santa Cruz 

9336 Megan Melack Santa Cruz 

9337 Rami Merra SantaCruz 

9338 Ashkia Merrikh Santa Cruz 

9339 Liver Miles Santa Cruz 

9340 Aphrodite M~ropoulos Santa Cruz 

9341 Peter Mueller-Wille Santa Cruz 

9342 Rebecca Mueller-Wille Santa Cruz 

9343 Bev ORourke Santa Cruz 

9344 Maddie Ortenblad Santa Cruz 

9345 Rick Ortenblad Santa Cruz 

9346 Caitlin Parker Santa Cruz 

9347 Mark Pedersen Santa Cruz 

9348 Bobby Peterson Santa Cruz 

9349 Ximena Prugue Santa Cruz 

9350 Michael Ray Santa Cruz 

9351 Keith Rector Santa Cruz 

9352 Bob Rees Santa Cruz 

9353 Angel Resendez Santa Cruz 

9354 Terrence Robinson Santa Cruz 

9355 Amy Ross Santa Cruz 

9356 David Rushel Soquel 
635 


Insert offset folio 702 here 98942A.604

9357 Sarah Sacker Santa Cruz 

9358 Mark Santos Santa Cruz 

9359 Genine Scelfo Santa Cruz 

9360 Brendan Schwartz Soquel 

9361 James Schwartz Santa Cruz 

9362 Ethan Shaffer Santa Cruz 

9363 David Silva~Espinoza Santa Cruz 

9364 Chris Skulley Santa Cruz 

9365 Deana Slater Santa Cruz 

9366 Colleen Smith Santa Cruz 

9367 Evan Soderberg Santa Cruz 

9368 Gabriela Soria Santa Cruz 

9369 Dhanya Sridhar Santa Cruz 

9370 Hunter Stammer Santa Cruz 

9371 Janis Stanger Santa Cruz 

9372 Peter Stanger La Selva Beach 

9373 Annie Stellar Santa Cruz 

9374 Jeffrey Stonehill Santa Cruz 

9375 Tan Stowe Santa Cruz 

9376 Dimitry Strove Santa Cruz 

9377 Alexander Szela Santa Cruz 

9378 David Tanza Santa Cruz 

9379 Kira Ticus Santa Cruz 

9380 Tony Ton Santa Cruz 

9381 Jeff Totten Boulder Creek 

9382 Alex Troup Santa Cruz 

9383 Aimee Vasseur Santa Cruz 

9384 Alex Vestner Santa Cruz 

9385 Billy Way Santa Cruz 

9386 Linda Werner Santa Cruz 

9387 Rob Wider Santa Cruz 

9388 Vickie Winters Santa Cruz 

9389 Erik Wright Santa Cruz 

9390 Chris Young Santa Cruz 

9391 Wanda Alarcon Santa Cruz 

9392 Peggy Alfred Los Gatos 

9393 !Iiana Alvarez Santa Cruz 

9394 April Anstey Boulder Creek 

9395 Adam Armstrong 
636 


Insert offset folio 703 here 98942A.605

9396 Laurel Bard Santa Cruz 

9397 Karishma Becher Sacramento 

9398 Roby Behrens Santa Cruz 

9399 Charles Bergtolh Santa Cruz 

9400 Sophie Berte look France 

9401 Janus Blaine Santa Cruz 

9402 Carter Blanchael Orinda 

9403 Becky Boyd Scotts Valley 

9404 Brennan Byrnes Santa Cruz 

9405 Sean Callen San Jose 

9406 Maria Castillo Santa Cruz 

9407 Debo Chak Houston 

9408 Lisa Chary Cupertino 

9409 Bernadette Chirac France 

9410 Kathryn Chornomaz Santa Cruz 

9411 Emma Cintz 

9412 Les Cox Santa Cruz 

9413 Cindy Cruz Santa Cruz 

9414 Erica Cutting Santa Cruz 

9415 Sara Davis Oakland 

9416 Nicole Dwyer Santa Cruz 

9417 Kathy Enos Los Angeles 

9418 Silvia Escobar Santa Cruz 

9419 Patrea Finch Santa Cruz 

9420 Joe Fouquette Santa Cruz 

9421 Edmond Gap us an Santa Cruz 

9422 Kimberly Gomez Santa Cruz 

9423 Carey Guzman Santa Cruz 

9424 Lucas Hale Santa Cruz 

9425 Kathryn Harder Santa Cruz 

9426 James Paul Henry Santa Cruz 

9427 Angelica Higgins Santa Cruz 

9428 Lisa Hoesing Santa Cruz 

9429 Zareah Huff Santa Cruz 

9430 Dawn Hustig-Schultz Santa Cruz 

9431 Marabini Hutton Santa Cruz 

9432 Andrew Jaruis Santa Cruz 

9433 Wes Jordan Santa Cruz 

9434 Liki Kavanah SantaCruz 
637 


Insert offset folio 704 here 98942A.606

9435 Richard King Santa Cruz 

9436 Steve Lyons Santa Cruz 

9437 Maile McGrew-Frede Santa Cruz 

9438 Paige McKay Santa Cruz 

9439 Joanne McKinney Felton 

9440 Dan McMillan Big Bend 

9441 Karen Menehan Santa Cruz 

9442 Corey Miller SantaCruz 

9443 John Moseley Santa Cruz 

9444 Jeffrey Mykel San Diego 

9445 Tessa Mykel Santa Cruz 

9446 Karen Olympia Hayward 

9447 Jenny Osborn Santa Cruz 

9448 Tara Parcell a Santa Cruz 

9449 Sara Parker Santa Cruz 

9450 George Perkins Santa Cruz 

9451 Don Pestana Los Angeles 

9452 Wayne Petersen Santa Cruz 

9453 Catanna Pien Santa Cruz 

9454 Jodey Pini Santa Cruz 

9455 John Poi nee Los Altos 

9456 Lily Powell Santa Cruz 

9457 Jose Rangel Santa Cruz 

9458 Emily Reilly Santa Cruz 

9459 Carolina Remorini SantaCruz 

9460 James Ritug Santa Cruz 

9461 Jacqueline Rivera Santa Cruz 

9462 Kennedy Rodarte Santa Cruz 

9463 Hayla Sah 

9464 Ruth Sanchez San Fernando Valley 

9465 Meghan Schmidt Santa Cruz 

9466 Kevin Schultz Santa Cruz 

9467 Jean Marie scott Santa Cruz 

9468 Astrid Shannon Ben Lomond 

9469 Mary Ann Sheehy Santa Cruz 

94 70 Alexandra Snyder Santa Cruz 

9471 Julie Stephens San Fernando Valley 

94 72 Christian Sy Milpitas 

9473 David Tarver Santa Cruz 
638 


Insert offset folio 705 here 98942A.607

9474 Glen Tepke Santa Cruz 

9475 lnga Thaxton Santa Cruz 

9476 Thomas Throve Milpitas 

94 77 Rebekah Travis Fort Jones 

9478 Dylan Victor Santa Cruz 

9479 Ryan warner Oakland 

9480 James Wathen Sunnyvale 

9481 Shawn Westward Santa Cruz 

9482 Mall Wright Santa Cruz 

9483 Michael Zipkin Santa Cruz 

9484 Betsy Aceves Capitola 

9485 Kip Allert Aptos 

9486 Monica Andrade Santa Cruz 

9487 Ginny Aragon Santa Cruz 

9488 Angelique Aspacio Rodeo 

9489 Danielle Awa Santa Cruz 

9490 Ed Bacher SantaCnuz 

9491 Jennifer Bagley Hollister 

9492 Ellen Bauerle Santa Cnuz 

9493 Mara Baylis Santa Cruz 

9494 Tina Bayus Santa Cruz 

9495 Skip Bertolino Santa Cruz 

9496 Kalani Blake Santa Cnuz 

9497 Debbi Boos Aptos 

9498 Tracy Boyd Watsonville 

9499 Chrtstine Braccini Scotls Valley 

9500 Rose Brindley Santa Cruz 

9501 Ching Brodsky Santa Cruz 

9502 Kayla Brown Ben Lomond 

9503 Caitlin Brune Santa Cruz 

9504 Laura Brunner Santa Cruz 

9505 Judy Buck San Mateo 

9506 Giuseppina Cappella Watsonville 

9507 Ralph Carino Stockton 

9508 Mahala Carter Scotls Valley 

9509 Jessie Case Santa Cruz 

951 0 Joaquin castillo Santa Cruz 

9511 Stephanne Caverly Scotts Valley 

9512 Donna Cedertand Scotls Valley 
639 


Insert offset folio 706 here 98942A.608

9513 Lacey Chandler Santa Cruz 

9514 Maria Chiavola San Francisco 

9515 Angela Cho Santa Cruz 

9516 Jackie Chuang Santa Cruz 

9517 Ralou Cistain Santa Cruz 

9518 Hermanita Clark Santa Cruz 

9519 Haley Glendon Ben lomond 

9520 Gina Cole Watsonville 

9521 Beatriz Collazo Watsonville 

9522 early Collins Seaside 

9523 Joseph Collins Seaside 

9524 Erin Comog Santa Cruz 

9525 Jimmy Cook Capitola 

9526 Theresa Carino Santa Cruz 

9527 Ahren Coulton Santa Cruz 

9528 Ashley Craig Santa Cruz 

9529 Marisa Gravett a Milpitas 

9530 Jackson Damhorst Scotts Valley 

9531 Kris Damhorst Scotts Valley 

9532 Eli Davis Santa Cruz 

9533 M de Ia Garza Watsonville 

9534 Kyra DeBiase Soquel 

9535 Rufus Diamant Oakland 

9536 Molly Duisenberg Scotts Valley 

9537 Diana Duque Santa Cruz 

9538 Ann Durbin Santa Cruz 

9539 Pamela Eiriksson Boulder Creek 

9540 Rachael Ellis Watsonville 

9541 Christina Escobar Santa Cruz 

9542 Dan Faledman Santa Cruz 

9543 Desiree Farnal Watsonville 

9544 Danya Fernandes Santa Cruz 

9545 Ken Files Aptos 

9546 Marilyn Files Aptos 

9547 Danielle Fontius Aptos 

9548 David Foster Santa Cruz 

9549 Linda Fowler Santa Cruz 

9550 Nina Francesconi Santa Cruz 

9551 John Friel Avalon 
640 


Insert offset folio 707 here 98942A.609

9552 Debby Fust Watsonville 

9553 Jon Gamble Soquel 

9554 Darrie Ganzhorn Santa Cruz 

9555 Liz Gilkie Santa Cruz 

9556 Tracy Gill Corralitos 

9557 Jennifer Givins Santa Cruz 

9558 Lea Graff Aptos 

9559 Sally Grancich Cole Soquel 

9560 Pete Guenere Watsonville 

9561 Rosa Guenere Watsonville 

9562 Ramona Guerrero Hollister 

9563 Peg Guerrieri Santa Cruz 

9564 Julia Guz Salinas 

9565 Amanda Hall Santa Cruz 

9566 Amy Halliday Soquel 

9567 Laura Hamby Soquel 

9568 Vinnie Hansen Santa Cruz 

9569 Lily Hasebe Watsonville 

9570 Ketth Hauser Santa Cruz 

9571 Vit Hauser Santa Cruz 

9572 Oscar Hernandez Santa Cruz 

9573 Allan Hetke Boulder Creek 

9574 James Hobbs Santa Cruz 

9575 Roosevelt Howard Santa Cruz 

9576 Barbara Huebner Soquel 

9577 Brian Huebner Soquel 

9578 John Hughes La Selva Beach 

9579 Mark Hull Aptos 

9580 Carrie Jensen Santa Cruz 

9581 Joanne Johnston Santa Cruz 

9582 Scott Johnston Santa Cruz 

9583 Meredith Jones Aptos 

9584 Mary Kashmar Santa Cnuz 

9585 Lynda Kaufmann Santa Cruz 

9586 Zach Kelly Aptos 

9587 Mark Kik Santa Cnuz 

9588 Veronica Ladihos Capitola 

9589 Jeannett Lange Fe~on 

9590 Suagni Leah Aptos 
641 


Insert offset folio 708 here 98942A.610

9591 David Liang Sacramento 

9592 Catherine Lomonosoff Ben Lomond 

9593 Natalie Lomonosoff Ben Lomond 

9594 Beth Love Santa Cruz 

9595 Annette Lyon-Atkinson Santa Cruz 

9596 Vickie Malandra Capitola 

9597 Jane Mangels Aptos 

9598 Alicia Marques Santa Cruz 

9599 Derek Marquette Santa Cruz 

9600 Holly Martin Scotts Valley 

9601 Jacob Martinez Watsonville 

9602 Teresa Martinez-Rodriguez Watsonville 

9603 Marguerite Matera Santa Cruz 

9604 Amber MattheiNS Santa Cruz 

9605 Josh McAfee Ben lomond 

9606 Nicole McAfee Ben Lomond 

9607 Tom McCulloch Ben Lomond 

9608 Sean Mclean Boulder Creek 

9609 Katherine McMiller UveOak 

9610 Carey Merrill Santa Cruz 

9611 Teall Messer Soquel 

9612 David Miller Watsonville 

9613 Sherri Miller Watsonville 

9614 Amanda Mills Los Gatos 

9615 Krystal Minniefield Ben Lomond 

9616 Katie Moore Santa Cruz 

9617 Jacheline Morales Santa Cruz 

9618 Nancy Mulkey Soquel 

9619 Shawn Mulkey Felton 

9620 Desiree Mulligan Santa Cruz 

9621 Marcus Muno Hollister 

9622 Edgarelo Munoz Santa Cruz 

9623 Jenifer Murdock Capitola 

9624 Brian Murtha Santa Cruz 

9625 Aston Nails Los Angeles 

9626 Dominica Navarro Santa Cruz 

9627 Kent Newbold Soquel 

9628 Don Nofrey Santa Cruz 

9629 Fabricio Olsson Santa Cruz 
642 


Insert offset folio 709 here 98942A.611

9630 Terri Oropeza Scotts Valley 

9631 Javi Ortega Salinas 

9632 Michelle ouse Aptos 

9633 Irene Pacheco Santa Cruz 

9634 Laura Pascal Santa Cruz 

9635 Doug Pascover 

9636 Michael Peck Santa Cruz 

9637 Maya Perez Boulder Creek 

9638 Kristen Petersen Capitola 

9639 Maya Peterson Santa Cruz 

9640 Sarah Peterson Aptos 

9641 Denise Phipps-Craig Watsonville 

9642 Jenn Polockow Santa Cruz 

9643 Alma Ponce Watsonville 

9644 John Posch Capitola 

9645 Marcus Potent Santa Cruz 

9646 Julia Powell Santa Clara 

9647 Ruby Powell Santa Cruz 

9648 Aaron Quaday Watsonville 

9649 Linda Quale SantaCruz 

9650 Laun Raffeto Monterey 

9651 David Regan Soquel 

9652 E Reyes Santa Cruz 

9653 Mark Reynolds Santa Cruz 

9654 Ray Rider Aptos 

9655 Kelly Roberts Santa Cruz 

9656 Yazmin Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

9657 Annica Rose Santa Cruz 

9658 Laurie Russell Salinas 

9659 lan Rutman Boulder Creek 

9660 John Ryan Santa Cruz 

9661 Orsolya Salzberg Aptos 

9662 Michael Sampson Aptos 

9663 Marc Sander Watsonville 

9664 Ann Sarratzadeh Santa Cruz 

9665 Geneva Sarvis Capitola 

9666 Jake Sarvis Capitola 

9667 Steven Sa!Vis Santa Cruz 

9668 Petra Sera tim Aptos 
643 


Insert offset folio 710 here 98942A.612

9669 Dena Sexton Santa Cruz 

9670 Connie Sextony Santa Cruz 

9671 Laura Shaw BonnyDoon 

9672 Patrick Sheenan Santa Cruz 

9673 Chris Sherertz Santa Cruz 

9674 Ann Shetchley Santa Cruz 

9675 Stephanie Simmons Scotts Valley 

9676 Rob Smet Santa Cruz 

9677 Annie Smith Santa Cruz 

9678 Joyce Smith Santa Cruz 

9679 Joan Southard San Jose 

9680 Janet Souza Santa Cruz 

9681 Cate Stalock Soquel 

9682 Andrea Steiner Santa Cruz 

9683 Chrts Stewart Santa Cruz 

9684 Martha Stewart Santa Cruz 

9685 Richard Stewart Santa Cruz 

9686 Ben Swan Santa Cruz 

9687 Heni Swonen Santa Cruz 

9688 Josh Thompson Watsonville 

9689 Batrtck Tierney Half Moon Bay 

9690 Robin Tierney Half Moon Bay 

9691 Daniello Tjandra Fremont 

9692 Paula Toledo Freedom 

9693 Don Torchia Santa Cruz 

9694 Maria Torchia Scotts Valley 

9695 Amanda Torres Watsonvil.le 

9696 Emiko Torres Watsonville 

9697 Paul Tristram Santa Cruz 

9698 Steve VanZandt Bonny Doon 

9699 Meg Vole rna Salinas 

9700 Mary Vollema Salinas 

9701 Jen Walker Boulder Creek 

9702 Marianne Wassenborg Santa Cruz 

9703 Jane Weed-Pomerantz Santa Cruz 

9704 Kim Wein Santa Cruz 

9705 Afison Wenger Santa Cruz 

9706 Sam Wenger Santa Cruz 

9707 Mark Whelan Aptos 
644 


Insert offset folio 711 here 98942A.613

9708 Andrew Williamson Aptos 

9709 Carol Williamson 

9710 James Williamson Aptos 

9711 Cory Ybarra Santa Cruz 

9712 Rachel Abrams Santa Cruz 

9713 John Avella Marina 

9714 Anne Berie Santa Cruz 

9715 Ashley Fortin Salinas 

9716 Boyd Fortin Santa Cruz 

9717 Liz Fowler Felton 

9718 Suzanne Healy Aptos 

9719 Susie Kaplan SantaCruz 

9720 Bonnie Lipscomb Bonny Doon 

9721 John Pres leigh Santa Cruz 

9722 Brandon Proctor Santa Cruz 

9723 Lisa Saiki Santa Cruz 

9724 Neal Saiki Santa Cruz 

9725 James Sandoval Santa Cruz 

9726 Carol sun Aptos 

9727 Jennifer Walters Santa Cruz 

9728 Alexa Watkins Aptos 

9729 Martin watkins Santa Cruz 

9730 Michael Watkins Aptos 

9731 Marrin Burt Aptos 

9732 Annie Daellenbach Watsonville 

9733 Lauren May Ben lomond 

9734 Victoria Milo San Jose 

9735 Erin Ray Ben lomond 

9736 Robart Aaron Santa Cruz 

9737 Samantha Abating Scotts Valley 

9738 Lisa Agliano Santa Cruz 

9739 Beth Ahlgren Felton 

97 40 Kathryn Akatifo Palo Alto 

9741 Leslie Alexander Livermore 

9742 Joyus Allbright Corralitos 

9743 Carter Allen Santa Cruz 

9744 Griffin Allen-Raffety Santa Cruz 

9745 Ray AI limon Felton 

9746 Mary Alsip Santa Cruz 
645 


Insert offset folio 712 here 98942A.614

9747 Frank Alviso Tracy 

97 48 Stephanie Aly Salinas 

9749 Anni Amberger-Warren Richmond 

9750 Arnold Ammann Felton 

9751 Elizabeth Anderson Scotts Valley 

9752 Foster Anderson Santa Cruz 

9753 Trevor Andres Felton 

9754 Josslyn Andrews Felton 

9755 Susan Andrews Felton 

9756 Joseph Antoneiti Larkspur 

9757 Kristin Apple Los Gatos 

9758 Lucy Archibald Boulder Creek 

9759 Dave Argentieri Santa Cruz 

9760 Melody An Santa Cruz 

9761 George Arras Santa Cruz 

9762 Gabe Arzouni Soquel 

9763 Joshua Augason Felton 

9764 Adrienne Bachleda Menlo Park 

9765 Carol Baggeny Boulder Creek 

9766 Bonnie Bailey Atlanta, GA 

9767 Patricia Balth Boulder Creek 

9768 Susan Barclay Capitola 

9769 William Barker Santa Cruz 

9770 Carolyn Bartkowski Los Gatos 

9771 Joan Barton Boulder Creek 

9772 John Barton Ben Lomond 

9773 Dave Bashford Boulder Creek 

9774 Eileen Bashford Santa Cruz 

9775 Paige Bayer San Jose 

9776 Ben Beasley Boulder Creek 

9777 Tessa Beasley Boulder Creek 

9778 Ben Beck Ben Lomond 

9779 Rand! Beeman Felton 

9780 Adam Bell Scotts Valley 

9781 Kaylah Belvoir Ben Lomond 

9782 Carl Benefiel Morgan Hill 

9783 Alissa Bennett Santa Cruz 

9784 Eileen Bennett Felton 

9785 Michael Bennett San Jose 
646 


Insert offset folio 713 here 98942A.615

9786 Robert Bennett Felton 

9787 Skylar Berggren Ben Lomond 

9788 Carrie Berk Soquel 

9789 Jeffrey Sidman Felton 

9790 Serena Bieier Mountain View 

9791 Tyden Binsted-Bass San Francisco 

9792 Eric Birt<.hofier Felton 

9793 Rick Blazo Ben Lomond 

9794 Holger Blech Aptos 

9795 Maya Bloomer Santa Cruz 

9796 David Born ben Santa Cruz 

9797 Talia Boncutter Pacific Grove 

9798 Debora Bone Santa Cruz 

9799 Lance Bone Santa Cruz 

9800 Gabe Borreson Scotts Valley 

9801 Haleigh Boss San Jose 

9802 Nicole Bowen Scotts Valley 

9803 Sarah Bowman Felton 

9804 Sheridan 80INI1180 Santa Cruz 

9805 Christine Braccini Scotts Valley 

9806 Michael Brackle Scotts Valley 

9807 Erin Bradford San Diego 

9808 Patricia Brinckwirth San Jose 

9809 Daniel Brodsky Scotts Valley 

9810 Mara Brodsky Ben Lomond 

9811 Sue Brodsky Scotts Valley 

9812 Jared Bronen New Haven, CT 

9813 Anne Brown Ben Lomond 

9814 Bradley Brown Boulder Creek 

9815 Devon Brown Scotts Valley 

9816 Heather Bro'Nfl Scotts Valley 

9817 Michael Brownlee Santa Cruz 

9818 Mike Brunjes Santa Cruz 

9819 Leslie Buchanan Boulder Creek 

9820 Matt Buchanan Boulder Creek 

9821 Rowan Buchanan Boulder Creek 

9822 Dave Bunn Sacramento 

9823 Andrew Burt Aptos 

9824 Sheila Burt Aptos 
647 


Insert offset folio 714 here 98942A.616

9825 Haley Cada San Lorenzo Valley 

9826 Mason Gada San Lorenzo Valley 

9827 Maura Callahan Boulder Creek 

9828 Ron Callison Watsonville 

9829 Luis Camara Monterey 

9830 Megan Canterbury Felton 

9831 Haljun Cao Belmont 

9832 Mike Cardwell St Paul, MN 

9833 Chris Caris Aptos 

9834 Debbi Carrara Felton 

9835 Adam Carter Los Gatos 

9836 Mark Case Boulder Creek 

9837 Tori Castro San Jose 

9838 Emilie Cate Felton 

9839 Peter Catizone Felton 

9840 Donna Ceria Soquel 

9841 Ezra Ceria Marina 

9842 Janinne Chadwick Ben Lomond 

9843 Nick Chatas Santa Cruz 

9844 Emily Chamberlain Ocean Pines 

9845 David Chandler Seaside 

9846 Linda Chanster Scotts Valley 

9847 Julie Chapin Felton 

9848 Marlene Chappell Felton 

9849 Frederic Charlebois Felton 

9850 Belinda Charries Ben Lomond 

9851 Kevin Charries Ben Lomond 

9852 Miranda Chavez Santa Cruz 

9853 Victoria Chavez Ben Lomond 

9854 Mary Cherry Roseville 

9855 Danielle Chestnut Ben Lomond 

9856 Jane Childress Ben Lomond 

9857 Sandy Chimienti San Jose 

9858 Kristin Choryan Boulder Creek 

9859 Hannah Christensen Santa Cruz 

9860 Eva Clark Santa Cruz 

9861 John Clark Boulder Creek 

9862 Maggie Clark Boulder Creek 

9863 Tom Clarke La Selva Beach 
648 


Insert offset folio 715 here 98942A.617

9864 Darlene Clausen Santa Cruz 

9865 Lynn Clausen Santa Cruz 

9866 Jill Clifton Scotts Valley 

9867 Michael Clifton Scotts Valley 

9868 Nora Clifton Scotls Valley 

9869 Phoebe Clifton Scotts Valley 

9870 Dave Coe Redwood City 

9871 Marlene Coe Redwood City 

9872 Randy Cohen Bonny Doon 

9873 Alice Colby SantaCruz 

9874 David Coleoce Soquel 

9875 Brenda Collins Boulder Creek 

9876 Harry Cominos Santa Cruz 

9877 Neil Conner Santa Cruz 

9878 Clayton Conrad Felton 

9879 Geoffrey Cook Lake, LA 

9880 Victoria Cook Lake, LA 

9881 Mary Cooper Sanger 

9882 Sadie Cooper Pacifica 

9883 Marina Corcoran Santa Cruz 

9884 Michael Corcoran Santa Cruz 

9885 Dylan Corry Santa Cruz 

9886 Dave costa Boulder Creek 

9887 Margy Cottrtel Santa Cruz 

9888 Lucile Couplan Palo Alto 

9889 Dana Cox Santa Cruz 

9890 Mardy Crampton Santa Cruz 

9891 Ryland Crandon Ben Lomond 

9892 Carmel Crane Felton 

9893 Sara Crane Ben Lomond 

9894 Sandy Gray Aptos 

9895 Aria Critchfield San Francisco 

9896 Enoch Crumpton Felton 

9897 Keeley Crumpton Felton 

9898 Kelly Cuffe Ben lomond 

9899 Ashley Cunningham Boulder Creek 

9900 Bobby Curry Sacramento 

9901 Bruce Cyr Capitola 

9902 Sara Oaehne Santa Cruz 
649 


Insert offset folio 716 here 98942A.618

9903 Dennis D'Andrea Ben Lomond 

9904 MafY Lou D'Andrea Ben Lomond 

9905 BfYant Dang San Francisco 

9906 Alex Daniels Scotts Valley 

9907 Bob Da~ing Santa Cruz 

9908 Raziel Davison Santa Cruz 

9909 Parker Dawson Santa Cruz 

9910 Daniels de Guyerain Aptos 

9911 Dave Debello Santa Cruz 

9912 Lara DeCaro San Francisco 

9913 Jecy Delany Boulder Creek 

9914 Vince Delucia Scotts Valley 

9915 David Deming Boulder Creek 

9916 Andrea Dempsey Boulder Creek 

9917 Tom Dempsey Boulder Creek 

9918 Connie Denautt Felton 

9919 Dwight DePue Felton 

9920 Rose Destefano Boulder Creek 

9921 Pedro Diaz Santa Cruz 

9922 Emilie Dirck Santa Cruz 

9923 Jessica Doliber Santa Cruz 

9924 Pierre Douyon Santa Cruz 

9925 Don Dowell Volcano 

9926 Sharon Dowell Cupertino 

9927 David Dowling Ben Lomond 

9928 Kristen Dowling Ben Lomond 

9929 Jared Dueker Ben Lomond 

9930 David Duncan Scotts Valley 

9931 Donna Dunn Soquel 

9932 Margaret Durbin Palo Alto 

9933 Cynthia Dzendzel Felton 

9934 Kevin Echstrom Soquel 

9935 Christine Edmond Washington DC 

9936 Adam Eisen Half Moon Bay 

9937 Paulette Eisen Half Moon Bay 

9938 Adam Eisenbert Santa Cruz 

9939 Emily Elanan Sunnyvale 

9940 Jennifer Elliott Los Gatos 

9941 Kyle Elliott San Jose 
650 


Insert offset folio 717 here 98942A.619

9942 David Emmons Felton 

9943 Kaite Emmons Felton 

9944 Pete Eppolito Santa Cruz 

9945 Matt Ersul Bonny Doon 

9946 Melanie Escobar Watsonville 

994 7 Delaura Estes Boulder Creek 

9948 Mimi Esty Scotts Valley 

9949 Lee Fancey Martinez 

9950 Carolyn Farrell Boulder Creek 

9951 Chloe Federico Santa Cruz 

9952 Jeremy Federico Santa Cruz 

9953 Alder Fenton Santa Cruz 

9954 Sarah Ferguson Soquel 

9955 Jocelyn Ferialdi Santa Cruz 

9956 Marl< Filipowilz Scotts Valley 

9957 Rachel Finn Santa Cruz 

9958 Floyd Finney Fremont 

9959 Gina Fish Felton 

9960 Mike Fish Felton 

9961 Gary Fisher Boulder Creek 

9962 Heidi Fisher Santa Cruz 

9963 Joseph Fisher Santa Cruz 

9964 Susan Fisher Felton 

9965 Adam Fleischer Santa Cruz 

9966 Chris Flescher Salinas 

9967 Alethea Flickinger Boulder Creek 

9968 Chris Flickinger Boulder Creek 

9969 Alica Florio Boulder Creek 

9970 Tim Frankel Boulder Creek 

9971 Donald Freeman Boulder Creek 

9972 Leah Frost Felton 

9973 Marcus Frueh Ben Lomond 

9974 Martin Funcell Santa Cruz 

9975 Robert Furber San Lorenzo Valley 

9976 Frank Fusthert Scotts Valley 

9977 David Gaff Ben Lomond 

9978 Paul Gallagher Santa Cruz 

9979 Martin Gallant Boulder Creek 

9980 Tristan Garcia San Jose 
651 


Insert offset folio 718 here 98942A.620

9981 Nancy Gardner Felton 

9982 Meena Garg Santa Cruz 

9983 Sanjiv Garg Santa Cruz 

9984 Kira Garner Aptos 

9985 Brtana Gaughan Santa Cruz 

9986 Krtsta Gaughan Capitola 

9987 Ted Gehrke Redwood Estates 

9988 Zedar Geiger Santa Cruz 

9989 Susanne Geise Felton 

9990 Amy Gerome Felton 

9991 Fuller Gerst Aptos 

9992 Brian Gibeault Santa Cruz 

9993 Gary Gill or San Mateo 

9994 Raymond Godfrey Felton 

9995 Chantel Goldman Santa Cruz 

9996 Aaron Gong Felton 

9997 Ilene Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

9998 Tara Gonzalez Oakland 

9999 Crystal Gordon Petaluma 

10000 Zach Gorman Santa Cruz 

10001 Ken Gorny Felton 

10002 Eric Gorsuch Sunnyvale 

10003 William Goss Boulder Creek 

10004 Lany Graff Santa Cruz 

1 0005 Edward Graham Santa Rosa 

10006 Carol Grams Santa Cruz 

10007 Faith Green San Lorenzo Valley 

10008 Doug Greenfield Santa Cruz 

1 0009 Brandon Greeninger Santa Cruz 

10010 Chantz Greenlaw Felton 

10011 John Grenell Prunedale 

10012 Kelly Grieve Sebastopol 

10013 Karen Grijalva Santa Cruz 

10014 Shaun GrooOmer Boulder Creek 

10015 Peter Gross Scotts Valley 

10016 Emerson Grube Felton 

10017 Patrick Grube Felton 

10018 Peggy Guaraldi Burlingame 

1 0019 Gretchen Gudenkauf Felton 
652 


Insert offset folio 719 here 98942A.621

10020 Sonja Gustafsson Santa Cruz 

10021 Annie Guthrie Felton 

10022 Cathy Haas Boulder Creek 

10023 Brad Haeger Santa Cruz 

10024 Joy Hagen Boulder Creek 

10025 Star Hagen~Esquerra Boulder Creek 

10026 Laurie Haines Pacific Grove 

10027 Spencer Haines Pacific Grove 

10028 William Haines Pacific Grove 

1 0029 Claire Hamilton Boulder Creek 

10030 Bruce Hammel San Jose 

10031 Lisa Hammer Boulder Creek 

10032 Ken Hanchett Campbell 

1 0033 Cherie Hanson Santa Cruz 

1 0034 Katherine Harnett Mountain View 

10035 Amay Haro San Jose 

10036 Chris Haro Fetton 

10037 Maria Hastings Santa Cruz 

10038 Nancy Haver Scotts Valley 

10039 William Haver Scotts Valley 

10040 William Haver Scotts Valley 

10041 Nolan Heath Santa Cruz 

10042 Tara Heath Santa Cruz 

10043 Holly Heiner Del ReyOaks 

10044 Laura Heinz Scotts Valley 

10045 Terina Held Santa Cruz 

10046 Michael Heley Alameda 

10047 Doug Helppi Felton 

10048 Devin Henderlong Boulder Creek 

10049 Kerri Hendrickson Felton 

10050 Julie Hendriks Boulder Creek 

10051 Evelyn Hengeveld~Bidmon Felton 

10052 lver Hennig Boulder Creek 

1 0053 Daniel Henning Campbell 

1 0054 Britney Hensley Boulder Creek 

10055 Dana Heriick Sausalito 

10056 James Hermens Hayward 

1 0057 Gerardo Heman Santa Cruz 

10058 Alicia Herzog Columbia, MO 
653 


Insert offset folio 720 here 98942A.622

10059 Callie Herzog Kansas City, MO 

10060 Jacob Herzog Kansas City, MO 

10061 Marla Hesselink Felton 

10062 Kate Hildenbrand Ben Lomond 

10063 Mary Hill Capitola 

10064 Shane Hill SantaCruz 

10065 Kim Hinkle SantaCruz 

1 0066 Jeremy Hoekstra SantaCruz 

10067 Paulette Hogan Santa Cruz 

10068 Juko Holiday Ben Lomond 

10069 James Holloman Felton 

10070 John Hopprich Scotts Valley 

10071 Melissa Horcasitas Sonora 

10072 Adee Hom San Francisco 

10073 Cheryl Hosteter San Jose 

10074 Jana Hostetter Santa Cruz 

10075 Jean Housek Santa Cruz 

10076 Amor Houston Scotts Valley 

10077 Darren Huckle Santa Cruz 

10078 Amy Huenergardt Santa Cruz 

10079 Erica Huey Scotts Valley 

1 0080 Daniel Hughes 

10081 Maeva Hughes 

10082 Relic Hughes 

10083 Cathy Humphries Scotts Valley 

10084 Cammix Hunt Ben Lomond 

10085 Linda Hurd Boulder Creek 

1 0086 Madison Ingram Reno, NV 

1 0087 Michelle Iris Scotts Valley 

1 0088 Jazmine Jackson Oakland 

1 0089 Elizabeth Jacobs Fairbanks, AK 

10090 Adam James Santa Cruz 

1 0091 Kristen Jeffrey Scotts Valley 

1 0092 Michelle Jenkins Santa Cruz 

10093 Sara Jensen SantaCruz 

10094 Bob Johanson Aromas 

1 0095 Jessica Johnson Felton 

10096 Mark Johnson Scotts Valley 

10097 Gina Jones Watsonville 
654 


Insert offset folio 721 here 98942A.623

10098 Jason Jones Scotts Valley 

1 0099 S Dezaray Jones Santa Cruz 

10100 Linda Joshua Santa Cruz 

10101 Steve Joynes Palo Alto 

10102 Hannah Juie Menlo Park 

1 01 03 Sumanasa Jyoti Watsonville 

1 01 04 Mischa Kandinsky Bonny Doon 

10105 Matt Kangas Santa Cruz 

10106 Jim Karlsson San Francisco 

10107 Caleb Karpavage Ocean Pines 

1 01 08 Susana Karz Aptos 

10109 Allan Kass Santa Cruz 

10110 Amaya Kay Felton 

10111 Daphne Kelly San Mateo 

10112 James Kelly Felton 

10113 James Kelly Bonny Doon 

10114 Kevin Kelly San Mateo 

10115 Maua Kelsar Santa Cruz 

10116 David Kennedy Danville 

10117 Eric Kennedy SantaCruz 

10118 John Kennedy Ben Lomond 

101191an Kent Boulder Creek 

10120 Bree Kerpage 

10121 Benjamin Ketcham Santa Cruz 

10122 Dan King Felton 

10123 Diane King San Jose 

10124 Jordan King Felton 

10125 Christian Kipping Felton 

10126 Rich Kirby Watsonville 

10127 Hannah Klaeser Chicago, IL 

10128 Ell Klinger Santa Cruz 

10129 Laura Klinger Watsonville 

10130 Deb Klug Boulder Creek 

10131 Lisa Knowles Los Gatos 

10132 Michele Koch Felton 

10133 Macis Koenig Santa Cruz 

10134 Patrick Kohlman Half Moon Bay 

10135 Mike Kolar Santa Cruz 

10136 Greg Koos Santa Cruz 
655 


Insert offset folio 722 here 98942A.624

10137 Eleni Krieger Stockton 

10138 Keli Kuduk Boulder Creek 

10139 Beatrice Lackey Brookdale 

10140 Robert Lackey Santa Cruz 

10141 Johanna Lackner Soquel 

10142 Naomi Lake Crestone, CO 

10143 Katie Lamb Felton 

10144 Mary Lanctot Boulder Creek 

10145 William Larence San Jose 

10146 Aiden Largay Felton 

10147 Julian Larocca Scotts Valley 

10148 Mark Lary Santa Cruz 

10149 Brady Laub Campbell 

10150 Sheryl Lawson San Jose 

10151 Mikako Lazarus Santa Cruz 

10152 Ocea LeCourt Santa Cruz 

10153 Andrew LeFranco Santa Cruz 

10154 Naomi LeGate Santa Cruz 

10155 Andrew Lennart EICerrito 

1 0156 Brandon Leonardich Santa Cruz 

10157 Jack Leonhard Chandler, AZ 

10158 Olivia Leonhard Chandler, AZ. 

10159 Robert Leonhard Phoenix, AZ 

10160 Shalla Leonhard Chandler, P-Z 

10161 Deborah Letourneau Santa Cruz 

10162 Valmarie Levine Santa Cruz 

10163 Clinton Lewis Palo Alto 

10164 Lynda Le'vVit Soquel 

10165 Richard Liberty Ben Lomond 

10166 Johanna Lighthill Aptos 

10167 Judi Lilly Boulder Creek 

10168 Larry Line El Dorado Hills 

10169 Susie Linscott Santa Cruz 

10170 Faon Uv SantaCruz 

10171 Joe Lodinsky Felton 

10172 Ron Long Ben Lomond 

10173 Victoria Loomis Los Gatos 

10174 Ralaine Lovato Scotts Valley 

10175 Kristin Lundin San Jose 
656 


Insert offset folio 723 here 98942A.625

10176 Elizabeth Lutus Aptos 

10177 Marilia Lutz Boulder Creek 

1 0178 Bradley Lyman Boulder Creek 

10179 Alex M Lynch Ben Lomond 

10180 Kenna MacBride Ben Lomond 

10181 Deborah Macdonald Boulder Creek 

10182 Matt MacGowan Scotts Valley 

1 0183 Rebecca Machado Santa Cruz 

10184 Scctt Mack Scotts Valley 

10185 Ken Mackay San Jose 

10186 Randall Macy Boulder Creek 

10187 Chris Maddox Santa Cruz 

10188 Jim Madison Concord 

10189 Erin Maier Ben Lomond 

10190 Adrienne Malone Castroville 

10191 Camilla Manheimer 

10192 Kristen Mann Santa Cruz 

10193 Gary Mansperger San Jose 

10194 Teri Mantz Santa Cruz 

10195 Daniello Marks San Francisco 

10196 Shannon Marquardt San Jose 

1 0197 Jackie Marr Santa Cruz 

10198 Bella Martin Boulder Creek 

10199 Katie Martin Santa Cruz 

10200 Maya Martin Santa Cruz 

10201 Rebecca Martin Boulder Creek 

1 0202 Travis Martin Boulder Creek 

1 0203 Samantha Martinez Santa Clara 

10204 Sol Martinez Santa Cruz 

10205 Jonathan Marx Soquel 

1 0206 Marilyn Marzell Felton 

10207 Lisa Mason Boulder Creek 

1 0208 Michael Mason Boulder Creek 

1 0209 Darrell Mattair Boulder Creek 

10210 Kingston Mattair Boulder Creek 

10211 Sierra Mattair Boulder Creek 

10212 Summer Mattair Boulder Creek 

10213 Kerry Mattoch Boulder Creek 

10214 Joe Mawoine Boulder Creek 
657 


Insert offset folio 724 here 98942A.626

10215 Nico Mawoine Boulder Creek 

10216 Megan Mayer San Francisco 

10217 Bartan McCaffa Santa Cruz 

10218 Phil McCauly Santa Cruz 

1 0219 Elizabeth McCracken Sunnyvale 

10220 AI McGregor Santa Cruz 

1 0221 Joseph McGuire Los Angeles 

10222 Lisa McGuire Boulder Creek 

1 0223 Chelsea McHone Felton 

10224 Bob McKenzie Soquel 

1 0225 Cartene McKenzie Soquel 

10226 Chris McKenzie Boulder Creek 

10227 Elisha McKeown Scotts Valley 

10228 Klee McKeown Boulder Creek 

10229 Holly McKrill Salinas 

10230 Mary Beth Mclaughlin Felton 

10231 Paula Mclinden Felton 

10232 Artene Means Boulder Creek 

10233 Hayley Means Scotts Valley 

10234 Greg Melortl Moss landing 

10235 Deweg Melton Pacifica 

10236 Mark Mercer Capitola 

10237 Matt Michaelis SantaCruz 

10238 Lukas Michelsen Santa Cruz 

10239 Robert Middleton Boulder Creek 

10240 Sarah Miksits Ben Lomond 

10241 Cameron Miller Scotts Valley 

10242 Dave Miller Santa Cruz 

10243 John Miller Santa Cruz 

10244 Maria Miller Santa Cruz 

10245 Matt Miller Monterey 

10246 MiChele Miller Boulder Creek 

10247 Norah Miller Santa Cruz 

10248 Shane Miller Santa Cruz 

10249 Tom Miller Felton 

10250 Christy Mills Santa Cruz 

10251 Angelina Miranda Ben Lomond 

10252 Willaim Moller Ben Lomond 

10253 David Montanari Felton 
658 


Insert offset folio 725 here 98942A.627

10254 Lola Montgomery Ben lomond 

10255 Luke Moore Boulder Creek 

1 0256 Mal)'lyn Morehouse Felton 

1 0257 Natalie Morejohn Boulder Creek 

10258 Larl)' Moretti Campbell 

1 0259 Tiffanyh Morgan~Smiley Santa Cruz 

10260 Kayly Moriarty Bonny Doon 

10261 Chandra Morris Boulder Creek 

1 0262 Gaylon Morris Boulder Creek 

10263 Wayne Morton Brookdale 

10264 Darla Moulton Scotts Valley 

10265 Jason Moulton Scotts Valley 

10266 Terri Mullen Redwood City 

1 0267 Catherine Murphy SantaCruz 

10268 Jack Murphy Reno, NV 

10269 Robert Murphy SantaCruz 

10270 Susan Murren Felton 

10271 Joyce Muse Huntington Beach 

10272 Mike Muse SantaCruz 

10273 Pam Myers Santa Cruz 

10274 Steve Nail Boulder Creek 

10275 Jim Neve Boulder Creek 

10276 Kim Nevitt Morgan Hill 

1 0277 Cynthia New Ben Lomond 

10278 Tom Newhall Scotts Valley 

10279 Dana Newton Boulder Creek 

10280 Thad Newton Boulder Creek 

10281 Theresa Neyer Brookdale 

1 0282 Joshua Nichols Ben Lomond 

1 0283 Leslie Nicolett Boulder Creek 

10284 Rowan Nicolett~Ray Boulder Creek 

1 0285 Jessica Niemeyer Santa Cruz 

1 0286 Hannah Nolan Santa Cruz 

10287 Mark Nolan La Honda 

10288 Jodee Noll Santa Cruz 

10289 Emily Nord Mountain View 

10290 Tom Nord Boulder Creek 

10291 Lenny Norton Felton 

10292 Jeff November Santa Cruz 
659 


Insert offset folio 726 here 98942A.628

10293 Alisha Novina Marina 

10294 Chris Nowak Scotts Valley 

10295 Shawn Nowak Scotts Valley 

10296 Jonathan Nunes Santa Cruz 

10297 Sandy Olliges Boulder Creek 

1 0298 Jennifer Olson Santa Cruz 

10299 John Ono HI 

1 0300 Shelby Orom San Jose 

10301 Scott Orr Sunnyvale 

10302 Peter Ortiz San Jose 

1 0303 Chelsie Osenga Santa Cruz 

10304 Mike Owens Santa Cruz 

10305 John Padelt Ben Lomond 

10306 Mary Padelt Ben Lomond 

10307 Darrell Palmer Boulder Creek 

10308 Stacy Pappanastos Santa Cruz 

1 0309 Andrew Parker Alameda 

10310 Travis Parker Santa Cruz 

10311 Emma Patterson Sacramento 

10312 Ken Patterson Sacramento 

10313 Lou Pavlina Brookdale 

10314 Kevin Peacock Sunnyvale 

10315 William Peck Santa Cruz 

10316 Michael Pegram Santa Cruz 

10317 Flo Pelze Alamaden 

10318 Ida Penny Boulder Creek 

10319 Rachel Perkins San Francisco 

10320 Jill Perry Santa Cruz 

10321 Ellie Peters Boulder Creek 

10322 Marl< Peterson Brookdale 

10323 Kathy Phillips Boulder Creek 

10324 Lynda Phillips Boulder Creek 

10325 Shaden Pi as Boulder Creek 

10326 Adam Pierce Santa Cruz 

10327 Pan Piere Santa Cruz 

10328 Silvana Pig a Santa Cruz 

10329 Cece Pinheiro Santa Cruz 

10330 Kim Pini Corralitos 

10331 Mark Pi none Santa Cruz 
660 


Insert offset folio 727 here 98942A.629

1 0332 Jennifer Pi tina Santa Cruz 

10333 Blian Plank Ripon 

10334 Angelino Polze Alamaden 

10335 Andrew Parten Santa Cruz 

1 0336 Meridith Porter Boulder Creek 

1 0337 Jennifer Powers Santa Cruz 

10338 Lawrence Prather Boulder Creek 

10339 Sierra Predovich San Gorgonio 

10340 Garrett Presley Santa Cruz 

1 0341 Ashley Preto La Selva Beach 

10342 Paul Pre to Ben Lomond 

10343 Carol Pruitt Ben lomond 

1 0344 Sherry Pulvers Boulder Creek 

1 0345 Cathleen Quinn Scotts Valley 

10346 Susan Raay Capitola 

10347 RO!)' Radovich Felton 

10348 Joan Rainville Ukiah 

10349 Joe Raley Felton 

1 0350 Stephanie Ralston Felton 

10351 Lindsey Ramirez Scotts Valley 

10352 Nick Ranello Boulder Creek 

10353 Randy Raven Boulder Creek 

10354 Cindy Rech Brookdale 

10355 Jeffrey Redmon Santa Cruz 

10356 Candie Regn Felton 

10357 Jackie Ribezzo Santa Cruz 

10358 Ben Richards Felton 

10359 Julie Richards Felton 

10360 Heather Richman Santa Cruz 

10361 Diane Rigoni Santa Cruz 

10362 Janna Rivas Watsonville 

10363 Dana Rivkin Ben Lomond 

10364 Brian Robbins Ben Lomond 

10365 Kevin Robinson La Selva Beach 

1 0366 Michellle Robinson Santa Cruz 

10367 James Roderick Crestone, CO 

10368 Elliott Roebuck Capitola 

10369 Brenda Rogers Boulder Creek 

10370 Miles Rogers Ben Lomond 
661 


Insert offset folio 728 here 98942A.630

10371 Patrick Rogers Boulder Creek 

10372 Taylor Rogers San Jose 

10373 Joyce Rollins Capitola 

10374 Ryan Ramsey Santa Cruz 

10375 Sarah Roney Felton 

10376 Shan Rose SantaCruz 

10377 Adia Ross Ben Lomond 

10378 Cynthia Ruhsam Santa Cruz 

1 0379 Stephen Russ Mount Shasta 

10380 Lone Russel San Jose 

10381 Matt Ryann Capitola 

10382 Zach Saccone Felton 

10383 Katie Saldavia Boulder Creek 

1 0384 Manuel Sanchez Watsonville 

10385 Laura Santana Santa Cruz 

10386 Paul Santana Santa Cruz 

1 0387 Michael Sareuis Boulder Creek 

10388 David Sarnowski Ben Lomond 

10389 Julian Sauer Boulder Creek 

10390 Lesli Savelbert Seaside 

10391 Suzanne Schrag Ben Lomond 

10392 Kathy Schutt Felton 

1 0393 Kimberly Schweitzer Santa Cruz 

10394 Zoe Sea bock Santa Cruz 

10395 Robert See Boulder Creek 

10396 Bud Seligman Ben Lomond 

1 0397 Walter Sensing Half Moon Bay 

10398 Carol Shaw Felton 

10399 Marc Shaw Ben Lomond 

10400 Brtan Sheredy Scotts Valley 

10401 Dylan Sherwood Ben Lomond 

1 0402 Christy Shults Ben Lomond 

10403 Laurey Shumaker Felton 

10404 Chuck Sh~yeev Boulder Creek 

10405 Sara Siegel Ben Lomond 

10406 Barb Sievert Santa Cruz 

10407 Christina Siller Tur1ock 

10408 Cassie Silva Santa Cruz 

10409 Jorja Silva Los Gatos 
662 


Insert offset folio 729 here 98942A.631

10410 Randle Silverstein Santa Cruz 

10411 Alexandria Simbulah Boulder Creek 

10412 Bobby Simbulan Boulder Creek 

10413 Taya Simbulan Boulder Creek 

10414 Travis Simbulan Boulder Creek 

10415 Neil Simmons Santa Cruz 

10416 Shannon Sinclair Santa Cruz 

10417 Kyle Slavich Felton 

10418 Patrick Slavin Soquel 

1 0419 Miakoda Sly SantaCruz 

10420 Angela Smith Boulder Creek 

10421 Doris Smith Aromas 

10422 Paul Smith Scotts Valley 

10423 Richard Smith Santa Cruz 

10424 Troy Smothermon Santa Cruz 

10425 Jovtta Snyder Watsonville 

10426 Jaxon Soto Santa Cruz 

10427 Marti Sparrow Elk Grove 

10428 April Spehar Campbell 

10429 Michele Spencer Scotts Valley 

10430 Lily Spooner Santa Cruz 

10431 Austin Sprague Aptos 

10432 Yolanda Stabler Boulder Creek 

10433 Paul Staples Boulder Creek 

10434 Travis Stebbins San Jose 

10435 Candice Stenstrom Santa Cruz 

1 0436 Shadley Stephens Ben Lomond 

10437 Usa Stevenson Santa Cruz 

10438 Doug Stewart Santa Cruz 

10439 Folley Stewart Felton 

1 0440 Carolina Stoker los Gatos 

10441 Bill Strand San Jose 

10442 Andar Strang Felton 

10443 David Strelitz Los Gatos 

10444 Jane Summer Berkeley 

10445 Howard Sus bee Scotts Valley 

10446 Megan Swedmark Felton 

1 044 7 Dennis Sweeney Boulder Creek 

1 0448 Charlene Swenter Los Gatos 
663 


Insert offset folio 730 here 98942A.632

10449 Sam Tallman Bloomington, IN 

10450 Annie Tang Santa Cruz 

10451 Hoag Tarbini Santa Cruz 

10452 Liz Taylor-Selling Felton 

10453 Julie Tell Berkeley 

10454 Nancee Teresi Santa Cruz 

10455 Antonio Theodore San Francisco 

10456 Dave Thomas Ben Lomond 

10457 Katie Thomas Ben Lomond 

10458 Emilie Thomas~Anderson Ben Lomond 

1 0459 Barbara Thompson Brookdale 

10460 lynn Thompson Santa Cruz 

10461 lesley Thong a Petaluma 

10462 Don Thorensen Santa Cruz 

1 0463 Jennifer Tomlin Felton 

10464 Miriam Tomlin Felton 

10465 Joel Tondreau Berkeley 

10466 Kathy Toposidis Ben Lomond 

10467 Nate Trame Las Vegas, NV 

10468 Mary Ann Tripp Los Gatos 

10469 Lysbeth Truax Santa Cruz 

10470 Stefanie Tucker Aptos 

10471 Clare Twohig Pacific Grove 

10472 James Ullret Et Sobrante 

10473 Tracy Unti Boulder Creek 

10474 Betsy Vaca Soquel 

104 75 Rafael vaca Soquel 

10476 Cindy Valenzuela Capitola 

10477 Teny VanAusdall Boulder Creek 

10478 Wendie VanTiem Boulder Creek 

10479 Regan VanWiekle Ben Lomond 

10480 Colin VanZandt Bonny Doon 

1 0481 Summer Vanslager Santa Cruz 

1 0482 Michaella Venter Los Gatos 

10483 Ashley Vezina Boulder Creek 

10484 Jeri Vezina Boulder Creek 

10485 David Volkland Capitola 

10486 Adam Wade Watsonville 

10487 Renee Waggener Boulder Creek 
664 


Insert offset folio 731 here 98942A.633

10488 Linda Wahler Felton 

10489 Renee Wall Santa Cruz 

10490 Rebecca Wallba Santa Cruz 

10491 Nathanael Walsh Santa Cruz 

10492 Noel Warwick Ben Lomond 

10493 James Wasserman Scotts Valley 

1 0494 Elizabeth Watson Felton 

10495 Mary Wens!aff Ben Lomond 

10496 Jessica Werk Boulder Creek 

10497 Nancy Werner Santa Cruz 

10498 Janet Westphal Boulder Creek 

10499 Joan Wheeler Scotts Valley 

10500 Dale White Boulder Creek 

10501 Travis Wiggans Santa Cruz 

10502 Allison Wilens Santa Cruz 

1 0503 Sandra Wiley Boulder Creek 

10504 Tiffany Wilkerson Boulder Creek 

10505 Paul William Aptos 

1 0506 Carmen Williams Aptos 

10507 James Williams Ben Lomond 

10508 Joelle Williams Felton 

10509 Nyla Williams Boulder Creek 

10510 Rich Williams Felton 

10511 Thomas Wion Johnstown 

1 0512 Amanda Wisler Santa Cruz 

10513 Gail Wister Santa Cruz 

10514 Larry Wisler SantaCruz 

10515 Gail Wisniewski Santa Cruz 

10516 Angie Witine Corralitos 

10517 Sandi Woods Scotts Valley 

1 0518 Angela Wooten Scotts Valley 

10519 Amy Wu San Jose 

10520 Sean Wu Santa Cruz 

10521 David Yannone Felton 

1 0522 Sebastian Yannone Felton 

10523 Michelle Yeo Ben Lomond 

10524 Jon Young Santa Cruz 

10525 Laura Young Santa Cruz 

10526 Willa Young Santa Cruz 
665 


Insert offset folio 732 here 98942A.634

10527 Brad Youngquist Santa Cruz 

10528 Tessa Yount Scotts Valley 

10529 Linda Zanville Boulder Creek 

1 0530 Elizabeth Zapoyn Boulder Creek 

10531 Jason Zaremba Boulder Creek 

1 0532 Michele Zaremba Boulder Creek 

10533 Robert Zaremba Boulder Creek 

10534 Sarah Zurhellen Santa Cruz 

10535 Mary-lynn Zweers Santa Cruz 

10536 Andrew Boyd-Goodrich La Honda 

10537 Judith Chamberlin San Jose 

10538 John Emery Mountain View 

10539 Kaki Flynn Boulder Creek 

1 0540 Richard Hix Boulder Creek 

10541 Nan Singh-Bowman Ben Lomond 

10542 Lila Blackney Santa Cruz 

1 0543 Kristen Brown Ben Lomond 

10544 Cayla DeTar Boulder Creek 

10545 Rohit Dhar Santa Cruz 

10546 Sasha Godet Santa Cruz 

1054 7 Abigail Judkins Santa Cruz 

1 0548 Atikhun Kanjanakaset Santa Cruz 

10549 Wendy Lewis Los Gatos 

1 0550 Ashlyn Lyttle Freedom 

10551 Jillian Mickel Santa Cruz 

1 0552 Chandler Moeller Santa Cruz 

10553 Art Motta Santa Cruz 

1 0554 Doreen Prieto Santa Cruz 

10555 Ysabel Quartararo SantaCruz 

10556 Lillie Reed Santa Cruz 

10557 Celeste Robinson Ben Lomond 

10558 Suini Torres SantaCruz 

10559 Yolanda Wheeler Bonny Doon 

10560 Debra Williams Boulder Creek 

1 0561 Michael Achee Aptos 

10562 Clark Aka tiff Palo Alto 

10563 Lori Atkinson San Jose 

10564 Keerti Ayakannu Santa Cruz 

10565 Deb Backman Sonoma 
666 


Insert offset folio 733 here 98942A.635

10566 Joe Ball at ore Watsonville 

1 0567 Janice Banao Santa Cruz 

1 0568 Ashley Barker Santa Cruz 

105691rene Barrera San Jose 

10570 Martah Beaumont Boulder Creek 

10571 Jill Bender Ben Lomond 

10572 Lynann Bertoldi Santa Cruz 

10573 Sky Biblin Santa Cruz 

10574 Donna Bishop Ben Lomond 

10575 Barbara Blare Santa Cruz 

10576 Diane Bloch Santa Cruz 

10577 Robert Blumberg Santa Cruz 

10578 Geoff Boehm Ben Lomond 

10579 Craig Bordelon Santa Cruz 

10580 Laura Bowen Felton 

10581 Vishal Braidasna Santa Cruz 

10582 Lara Brash Watsonville 

10583 David Brown Marin 

10584 Ertn Browning Santa Cruz 

10585 Paul Butler Aptos 

1 0586 Jasmine Byron Santa Cruz 

10587 Shade Byron Eugene, OR 

1 0588 Sharon Campbelll Santa Cruz 

10589 Ryan Canavan Santa Cruz 

10590 Diego Cardona Santa Cruz 

10591 West Carlson Santa Cruz 

10592 Diane Carrara San Francisco 

1 0593 Shamachee Cash Royal Oaks 

10594 Rich Casteel La Selva Beach 

10595 Chris Catterton Berkeley 

10596 Emilie Cavallan Santa Cruz 

10597 Daren Chadwick Ben Lomond 

10598 Malin Cheney Campbell 

10599 Tami Chesnut Vallecito 

10600 Lon Cioffi Felton 

10601 Carl Cobb Capitola 

10602 Laurie Corn Felton 

1 0603 Addison Cox Santa Cruz 

10604 Ajyssa Cuellar Santa Cruz 
667 


Insert offset folio 734 here 98942A.636

10605 Luke Dahlen Santa Cruz 

10606 Quinn Daud Santa Cruz 

10607 Doug Davidovich Portland, OR 

10608 Mary Davidson Santa Cruz 

1 0609 Cynthia de !a Rionda San Francisco 

10610 David Debus Felton 

10611 Joan Debus Felton 

10612 Glenn Desjardins Ben Lomond 

10613 Debbie Diersch Aptos 

10614 Candace Eleazarraraz Santa Cruz 

10615 Raul Estrada Santa Cruz 

10616 Julie Fasolas Felton 

10617 Jane Ferguson Santa Cruz 

10618 Toby Ferguson Santa Cruz 

10619 Nick Firestone 

10620 Kevin Flores Santa Cruz 

10621 Arnold Fox Soquel 

10622 Jazmine Franklin Santa Cruz 

1 0623 Marivee Frayer Boulder Creek 

10624 Andrew Frostholm Campbell 

1 0625 Christina Gancio Santa Cruz 

10626 Hannah Garcia Santa Cruz 

10627 Peter Glynn Santa Cruz 

10628 Rafael Gomez Hollister 

10629 Nat Goodby Oakland 

10630 Dave Gordon Bonny Doon 

10631 Katie Gorsuch Sunnyvale 

10632 Pardees Goshtasb Buffalo, NY 

10633 Jenna Graff Santa Cruz 

10634 Shawna Gregory Scotts Valley 

10635 Armin Hacini Santa Cruz 

10636 Cyrus Haghighi Campbell 

10637 Molly Hand on Santa Cruz 

10638 Giala Haskins Watsonville 

10639 Joyce Hathaway Brookdale 

10640 Eliot Headley Santa Cruz 

1 0641 Kirsta He in Capitola 

10642 Blianna Henderson Santa Cruz 

10643 Ryan Henderson Santa Clara 
668 


Insert offset folio 735 here 98942A.637

1 0644 Michael Hleantane San Jose 

1 0645 Selena Hudson Santa Cruz 

10646 Paul Huerta Watsonville 

10647 Clint Hughey Felton 

10648 Jada Hughey Felton 

1 0649 Angela Hullar Santa Cruz 

1 0650 Rebecca lvanusich Santa Cruz 

10651 Lore James Santa Cruz 

10652 Dobie Jenkins Freedom 

10653 Jeff Jenkins Santa Cruz 

10654 Jenna Johnson Aptos 

1 0655 Laurel Johnson Boulder Creek 

10656 Krish Jud Santa Cruz 

10657 Jamie Jyner Santa Cruz 

10658 Patty Karabatsos San Jose 

10659 Darren Karopczyc Redwood City 

10660 Susan Kauffman Santa Cruz 

10661 Jeff Kazan San Francisco 

10662 Robert Kealhofer santa Cruz 

10663 Kevin Keedy Santa Cruz 

10664 Thais Kelly Santa Cruz 

10665 Roger Kem Scotts Valley 

10666 Umair Khan Sacramento 

10667 Anthony King San Jose 

10668 Matt Kramer Felton 

10669 Mary Anne Kramer-Urner Santa Cruz 

10670 Jeni Kuzman Ventura 

10671 Frank Laguna Santa Cruz 

10672 Sten Lake Santa Cruz 

10673 Sofia LeBlanc Santa Cruz 

1 067 4 Michelle LeClair Aptos 

10675 MarkO Lee Ben Lomond 

1 0676 Michael Leigh Soquel 

10677 Travis Leo Felton 

10678 Aaron Lewis Santa Cruz 

1 0679 Geneva Ueberberg Santa Cruz 

1 0680 Maximilian Masluk Santa Cruz 

1 0681 Bridget Matz Watsonville 

1 0682 Justin McDonell Capitola 
669 


Insert offset folio 736 here 98942A.638

10683 Lieber McKee Santa Cruz 

10684 Taylor Medina Santa Cruz 

1 0685 Victoria Medina Santa Cruz 

10686 David Meyberg San Jose 

10687 Sara Meyer Bonny Doon 

10688 Gary Milburn SantaCruz 

10689 Caleb Miller Santa Cruz 

10690 Tamarah Minami Santa Cruz 

10691 Tahereh Mirzakazem Buffalo, NY 

1 0692 Sameera Moinpour Santa Cruz 

1 0693 Alexandria Molina San Jose 

1 0694 Josefa Molina Santa Cruz 

10695 Linda Moore Boulder Creek 

10696 Rob Mullen Santa Cruz 

10697 Jim Muse Huntington Beach 

10698 Amy Neff Santa Cruz 

10699 George Nethercutt Watsonville 

10700 Heidi Newton Boulder Creek 

10701 Rebecca Northcutt Felton 

10702 Amy Nunes Santa Cruz 

10703 Cindy Obrien Boulder Creek 

10704 Patricia O'Connell Felton 

10705 Anna Orans Santa Cruz 

1 0706 Morgan O'Reilly Felton 

10707 Nancy Owens Boulder Creek 

10708 Claire Palazzo Santa Cruz 

10709 FaaiZah Patail Santa Cruz 

10710 Simon Patanjo SantaCruz 

10711 Jon Perkins Santa Cruz 

10712 Stacie Pilgreen Santa Cruz 

10713 Eldine Posner La Selva Beach 

10714 Micah Posner Santa Cruz 

10715 Ronald Powers SantaCruz 

10716 Elizabeth Rafietari Santa Cruz 

10717 Tony Rail Scotts Valley 

10718 Craig Rayburn Watsonville 

10719 Leslie Rayburn Watsonville 

10720 Timon Read Santa Cruz 

10721 Ryan Reger Santa Cruz 
670 


Insert offset folio 737 here 98942A.639

10722 Jake Robinson Felton 

10723 Ursula Rose Rochester Santa Cruz 

10724 Nick Rodin Soquel 

10725 Ally Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

10726 Kevin Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

10727 Mark Roha 

10728 Chloe Russeu Campbell 

10729 James Salazar Bonny Doon 

10730 Kim Sammet Ben Lomond 

10731 Nicholas Schlick San Jose 

1 0732 Cynthia Schultz San Jose 

10733 Susan Seibolt Boulder Creek 

1 0734 Nicholas Sexton-Ruell Santa Cruz 

10735 Aaron Shaw Santa Cruz 

10736 Jan Sheehan Santa Cruz 

10737 Scott Sheldon Santa Cruz 

10738 Colin Skye Santa Cruz 

1 0739 Christopher Smith Santa Cruz 

1 07 40 Nicole Spears Santa Cruz 

1 07 41 Cynthia Spillman Aptos 

10742 J D Stager San Jose 

10743 Robyn Stalf Royal Oaks 

10744 Anna Stid Santa Cruz 

10745 Tai Stills Scotts Valley 

10746 Kathy Strom Cho Santa Cruz 

10747 Ellen S...veeney Boulder Creek 

10748 John Swift Santa Cruz 

10749 Daniya Tapia San Jose 

10750 Monica Tapia San Jose 

10751 Sarah Tapia San Jose 

10752 Jeny Thomas Aptos 

10753 David Thorn Santa Cruz 

10754 Nellie Thorngate Santa Cruz 

10755 Wendie Tipton Elkhorn 

10756 Madison Tomlin Felton 

10757 Tim Tensing Felton 

10758 Jesus Torre Santa Cruz 

10759 Nicholas Trinh San Jose 

10760 Kali Turner Santa Cruz 
671 


Insert offset folio 738 here 98942A.640

10761 Jeff Us tick Fetton 

10762 Bruce Van Allen Santa Cruz 

10763 Nick Van Hom Bonny Doon 

10764 Jim VanHouten La Selva Beach 

10765 Victoria Vascones Santa Cruz 

1 0766 Michael Victor Santa Cruz 

10767 Ryan Wart Santa Cruz 

10768 Dan Weiser La Selva Beach 

10769 Scott Williams Aptos 

10770 Heather Williamson Boulder Creek 

10771 Troy Williamson Santa Cruz 

10772 Mary Winslow Santa Cruz 

10773 Robert Wyland Santa Cruz 

1 077 4 Charles Zellers Mountain View 

10775 Genna Bloom Becker Santa Cruz 

10776 Nancy Balph Watsonville 

1 0777 Bernard Hilberman Santa Cruz 

10778 Jane P. Doyle Santa Cruz 

1 0779 Vivian Gratton Santa Cruz 

10780 Bernie Beckwith Santa Cruz 

10781 Peggy Pollard Santa Cruz 

1 0782 Nicole Delauder Aptos 

10783 Carol Cower Capitola 

10784 Myra Morris Santa Cruz 

1 0785 Herman Heller Los Gatos 

1 0786 Andrea Van de Lao Santa Cruz 

1 0787 Michael & Karen Poret Santa Cruz 

10788 Rick Burke Scotts Valley 

10789 Myra Morris Santa Cruz 

10790 Kim Pini Watsonville 

10791 Esmeralda Fregoso Santa Cruz 

10792 Dee Takemoto Aptos 

10793 Jim Cumming Capitola 

10794 Stuart Carts on Santa Cruz 

10795 Tree Island Santa Cruz 

1 0796 Joanie Hjulmaud Santa Cruz 

1 0797 Tuesday Jensen Santa Cruz 

10798 Joel Markham Santa Cruz 

10799 Chel Sheffer Santa Cruz 
672 


Insert offset folio 739 here 98942A.641

10800 Carol Pecot Los Gatos 

10801 Kate Aver Avraham Santa Cruz 

10802 Susan Heinz Soquel 

10803 Linda Holiday Santa Cruz 

1 0804 Oceano Santa Cruz 

1 0805 Susan Rothen Berg Santa Cruz 

10806 Karyn Bristol Santa Cruz 

1 0807 James E. Stanford Santa Cruz 

10808 s. Baldzikowsk Santa Cruz 

1 0809 Benjamin Isaac McCann Santa Cruz 

10810 Kai Siedenburg Santa Cruz 

10811 Karen Groppi Santa Cruz 

10812 Jack & Nancy Alves Scotts Valley 

10813 Tiona M. Hutmacher Salinas 

10814 Cheryl Hammond Capitola 

10815 Linda Rappoport Capitola 

10816 Delia Gilligan Aptos 

10817 Tom & Kris Kettenburg San Diego 

10818 Chris Tomkins Aptos 

10819 Bill McBride Santa Cruz 

10820 Petunella Van Dam SantaCruz 

10821 Grace Voss Santa Cruz 

10822 Park Barsamian Santa Cruz 

10823 Ed Kisduff Watsonville 

10824 JR Hart Salinas 

10825 Janet Starr Soquel 

1 0826 Douglas Garcia Santa Cruz 

1 0827 Constance Sexton Santa Cruz 

10828 Steve Troth Santa Cruz 

1 0829 Rockwill Troth Capitola 

1 0830 Jackie Rail Scotts Valley 

10831 Robert Reisman Ben Lomond 

10832 Robin Lysne Santa Cruz 

10833 Pete Pearson Santa Cruz 

10834 Alan Eklof Santa Cruz 

1 0835 Skippy Givens Santa Cruz 

10836 Cathy Abood Kana, HI 

10837 George Abood Kona, HI 

10838 Lilly Abood Santa Cruz 
673 


Insert offset folio 740 here 98942A.642

10839 Jessica Abood Kana, HI 

10840 Alwa Gordon Santa Cruz 

10841 Frank Embemate Soquel 

10842 Robert Embemate Upland, CA 

10843 Joe Bailey Aptos 

10844 Willis Bailey Soquel 

10845 Julieann Batley Aptos 

1 0846 Charleene Sellers Mesa, p;z 

10847 Mary Jennings Santa Cruz 

1 0848 Delphine Wartelle Santa Cruz 

10849 Molly O'Hara San Diego 

1 0850 Shelby Rivken Santa Cruz 

1 0851 Marleah SheiWood Santa Cruz 

10852 Mole Foana-Sumers Santa Cruz 

10853 Kane Carter Sacramento 

10854 Brenda Auer Arroyo Grande 

10855 Owen Schwatka Vienna, VA 

10856 Liz Schwatka Vienna, VA 

10857 Michael Anderson Woodside 

10858 Mark Campos Ben Lomond 

10859 Janet Myhre Santa Cruz 

1 0860 Charlotte Reynolds Santa Cruz 

10861 Karen Von Hoene Denver 

10862 Matt Lutskey Los Angeles 

10863 Gloria Klenk Trukee, CA 

1 0864 Margarita Vasylyeva Sacramento 

10865 Nelya Vasylyeva San Francisco 

10866 Tommy Webb Mariposa 

10867 April Milne Ben Lomond 

1 0868 Claudio Martinez Watsonville, CA 

10869 Rane Guzman Rocklin, CA 

10870 Jim Hayne San Jose, CA 

10871 Linda Reynolds Felton,CA 

10872 Phyllis Starkey Oxford, U.K. 

10873 Hugh Starkey Oxford, U.K. 

10874 Matt Ward (Soundtrack) Santa Cruz 

10875 Janel Lohr Santa Cruz 

10876 Bryan Doe 

1 0877 Shayla Howser Santa Cruz 

10878 Delilah Howser Santa Cruz 

10879 Curtis Oakes Larkspur, CA 

10880 Deb Thompson Modesto, CA 

10881 Denise Wake Modesto, CA 

10882 Ariana Lathan Modesto, CA 

1 0883 Jacqueline Jackson Modesto, CA 

10884 Juli Watson Seattle, WA 

10885 Carol Suddards Edmonton, Canada 

10886 John Myers Redwood City 

10887 Kobi Hudson Billings, MT 

1 0888 Lauren Wagner Bozeman, MT 

1 0889 George Bund Santa Cruz 

1 0890 Aniceta Rito New Orleans 
674 


Insert offset folio 741 here 98942A.643

10891 Tots Sakamoto Corralitos 

10892 Jeanette Brown Mariposa, CA 

1 0893 Melissa Stockton Santa Cruz 

1 0894 Richard Jensen San Leandro 

10895 Robert Turner Mountain View 

10896 Laura Brennan MuHumbimby, NSW, Australia 

10897 Adeline Devesin Covina, CA 

10898 Ailenn Delaney Half Moon Bay 

10899 Lesley Forbes Los Gatos, CA 

10900 Jett Tobin Mountain View, CA 

10901 Sam Tobin MtnView, CA 

10902 David Celli Stockton, CA 

10903 Dan Pritchard La Selva, CA 

1 0904 Sophia Koutsou!is Stockton, CA 

10905 Susan Swanson Santa Cruz 

1 0906 Sherry Holm Aptos 

1 0907 Pamela Myerr Santa Cruz 

10908 Steve Scoles Santa Cruz 

10909 Gulla Gusladottir Santa Cruz 

10910 Tracy Peer Soquel 

10911 Roisin Vint Santa Cruz 

1 0912 Jordon Rose Santa Cruz 

10913 Corey Manship Santa Cruz 

10914 Mica Manship Santa Cruz 

10915 Aaron Bistrin Santa Cruz 

10916 Scott Coughlin Santa Cruz 

10917 Meg Svensson Santa Cruz 

10918 Lawrence Alford Nevada, MO 

10919 Amy Krayd Capitola 

10920 Sally Wilson Santa Cruz 

10921 Jake Chapnick San Francisco 

1 0922 Catherine Forest Santa Cruz 

10923 Vu Chau Milpitas 

10924 Stephanie Wu Santa Cruz 

10925 Alina Kieu Santa Cruz 

10926 Julia Gratton Santa Cruz 

10927 Annie Daellenbach Watsonville 

1 0928 Laurren May Ben Lomond 

10929 Victoria Mito San Jose 

10930 Erin Ray Ben Lomond 

10931 Manrin Burt Aptos 

10932 Marie Eris San Jose 

10933 Lori Taylor Watsonville 

10934 Esther Vasquez Santa Cruz 

10935 Cruz Dentec Santa Cruz 

10936 Travis Adams Santa Cruz 

1 0937 Gardner Lund SC Mtns 

10938 John Tombo Shingle Springs, CA 

10939 Drue McClure Houston, TX 

1 0940 Miriam McClure SUmmit Rd 

10941 Susan Norby Cambell 

10942 John Elam 

10943 SUsan TWisselman Felton 

1 0944 Michael Taylor Felton 

10945 Lyndsey Lifelove Fetton 
675 


Insert offset folio 742 here 98942A.644

1 0946 Gerald Jihisin Santa Cruz 

10947 Ben Pope Watsonville 

109481rene Ranucci San Jose 

10949 Susan Ezell Ben Lomond 

10950 George Arnutt Ben Lomond 

10951 Ami Manwaring Atascadero 

10952 James Adams Ben Lomond 

10953 Kevin Newberry Mt Hermon 

10954 Linda Findley Ben Lomond 

10955 Wimer Etteridge Perth, Australia 

10956 Linda Simons Santa Cruz 

10957 Christine Robbin Boulder Creek 

10958 cheryl Cartney Ben Lomond 

10959 Margie Jensen Aptos 

10960 Philip Jensen Richland, WA 

10961 Matthew Tarde! Boulder Creek 

10962 Leslie Potts Calabasasca 

10963 Rachel Dance Fell on 

10964 Bob Lee Felton 

10965 Paula Morin Felton 

10966 Heather Tardel Boulder Creek, CA 

10967 Janette Valentino 

10968 Suzanne Mclean Scotts Valley 

10969 Paula McLinden Felton 

10970 Bill Strand San Jose 

10971 Mika Snowbarger Scotts Valley 

10972 Lee Williams Fell on 

10973 Dean Morozowsh Felton 

10974 Philip Rudyk Felton 

10975 Ben Sandoz Felton 

10976 Nora Boothby Aptos 

10977 Bill HolNSon Scotts Valley 

10978 Thomas Cole Scotts Valley 

10979 Donny Vagabon Scotts Valley 

10980 Luke Davis Scotts Valley 

10981 Ryan Mcormil Felton 

1 0982 Eduardo Hernandez Santa Cruz 

10983 Yesena Vel on Felton 

10984 Randy Reyes Aptos 

10985 Mahlal Karpavage Aptos 

10986 Donna Rispoli Ben Lomond 

10987 Diana S. Miller Ben Lomond 

10988 Omar Cruz Santa Cruz 

10989 Robert Appell San Luis Obispo 

10990 Brayden Appell San Luis Obispo 

10991 Ruby Appell San Luis Obispo 

10992 Denyelle Chapman Los Gatos 

10993 Kathe O'Hearn Boulder Creek 

10994 Jean Danielsen Boulder Creek 

10995 Lillian Gonzareg Boulder 

10996 Judy Leoff!er Boulder Creek 

10997 Matt OWens Felton 

10998 Brian lies Ben Lomond 

1 0999 Haylee Fox Santa Cruz 

11000 Steve Soames Vacaville 
676 


Insert offset folio 743 here 98942A.645

11001 Ron Mcintire Felton 

11 002 Michelle Mcintire Martinez 

11003 Todd Castaldi Felton 

11004 Wendy Collins Felton 

11005 Peter Svensson Santa Cruz 

11006 Hanna Svensson Santa Cruz 

11007 Elena Roffel Ventura 

11008 Jack Fritz Santa Cruz 

11 009 Vanessa Herrero Scotts Valley 

11010 Sarah Boo! mans San Jose 

11011 Stephanie Stouffer Concord 

11012 Maria Caine Santa Cruz 

11013 Andrea Ramirez Santa Cruz 

11014 Daniell a Youkhana Santa Cruz 

11015 Stella Quttasol Santa Cruz 

11016 Donna Jean Brown Watsonville 

11017 Emilie Schweikert Santa Cruz 

11018 Paul Henry Santa Cruz 

11019 Gale Frances Santa Cruz 

11020 Fay Hsueh Santa Clara 

11021 Patricia lmle Orange Co. 

11022 Michael Adam Orange Co. 

11023 James Sandoval Santa Cruz 

11024 Bonnie Lipscomb Bonny Doon 

11025 Michael Watkins Aptos 

11026 Adam Watkins Ap\OS 

11027 Martin Watkins Santa Cruz 

11028 Brandon Proctor Santa Cruz 

11029 Suzanne Healy Aptos 

11030 John Pres leigh Santa Cruz 

11031 Carol Sun Aptos 

11032 John Avella Marina 

11033 Susie Kaplan Santa Cruz 

11034 Liz Fowter Felton 

11035 Ann Berie Santa Cruz 

11 036 Rachel Abrams Santa Cruz 

11037 Neal Saiki Santa Cruz 

11038 Lisa Saiki Santa Cruz 

11 039 Jennifer Walkers Santa Cruz 

11040 Boyd Fortin Santa Cruz 

11041 Ashley Fortin Salinas 

11042 Lore James Santa Cruz 

11043 Bruce VanAllen Santa Cruz 

11044 Rob Mullen Santa Cruz 

11045 Mica Posner SantaCruz 

11046 Tamarah Minami Santa Cruz 

11047 Robert Wyland Santa Cruz 

11048 David Carlson Santa Cruz 

11049 Susan Kauffman Santa Cruz 

11050 Colin Skye Santa Cruz 

11051 West Carlson Santa Cruz 

11052 Vishal Bhaidasna Santa Cruz 

11053 Hannah Garcia Santa Cruz 

11054 Jan Sheehan Santa Cruz 

11055 Nellie Thorngate Santa Cruz 
677 


Insert offset folio 744 here 98942A.646

11056 Toby Ferguson Santa Cruz 

11057 Jane Ferguson Santa Cruz 

11058 Emilie Cavallan Santa Cruz 

11059 Robert Blumberg Santa Cruz 

11060 Mary Winslow Santa Cruz 

11061 David Tanza Santa Cruz 

11062 Bobby Peterson Santa Cruz 

11063 Yala Falkerner Santa Cruz 

11064 Race Carrino Santa Cruz 

11065 David Benewil Santa Cruz 

11066 Kira Ticus Santa Cruz 

11067 Chris Young Santa Cruz 

11068 Scott Joly Santa Cruz 

11069 Keith Rector Santa Cruz 

11070 Aimee Vasseur Santa Cruz 

11071 Matt Farrell Santa Cruz 

11072 Jessica Macias Santa Cruz 

11073 Rami Merrd Santa Cruz 

11074 Gabriela Soria Santa Cruz 

11075 Dan Frisch Santa Cruz 

11 076 Jessica McCallun Niland, CA 

11077 Chara Cabiglro Santa Cruz 

11078 Oscar Ceballos Santa Cruz 

11079 Matt Jelten Santa Cruz 

11080 Ashley Barker Santa Cruz 

11081 Eliot Headley Santa Cruz 

11082 Jemin Hagiuz Santa Cruz 

11083 Angela Hullar Santa Cruz 

11084 Paul Butler Aptos 

11 085 Claire Palazzo Santa Cruz 

11086 Craig Bordelon Santa Cruz 

11 087 MaryAnne Kramer~Urner Santa Cruz 

11088 Jesus Torre Santa Cruz 

11089 Kevin Keedy Santa Cruz 

11 090 Charles Zellers Mt.View 

11091 Liber McKee Santa Cruz 

11 092 Christopher Smith Santa Cruz 

11093 Bridget Matz Watsonville 

11094 Joe Ballatore Watsonville 

11095 Stacie Pilgreen Santa Cruz 

11 096 Michael Victor Santa Cruz 

11097 Simon Patanjo Santa Cruz 

11 098 selena Hudson Santa Cruz 

11099 Jen Walker Boulder Creek 

11100 Ruby Powell Santa Cruz 

11101 Javi Ortega Salinas 

11102 Geneva Sarvis Capitola 

11103 Jacob Sarvis Capitola 

11104 Debbi Bicod Aptos 

11105 Katherine McMillen Uve Oak 

11106 Angela Cho Santa Cruz 

11107 Ann Durbin Santa Cruz 

11108 Alicia Marquez Santa Cruz 

111 09 Nicole McAfee Ben Lomond 

11110 Fabricio Olsson Santa Cruz 
678 


Insert offset folio 745 here 98942A.647

11111 Yazmin Rodriguez Santa Cruz 

11112 David liang Sacramento 

11113 Daniel Tjandra Fremont 

11114 Andrea Steiner Santa Cruz 

11115 Kelly Roberts SantaCruz 

11116 Holly Martin Scotts Valley 

11117 Daniel Fantius Aptos 

11118 Monica Andrade Santa Cruz 

11119 David Foster Santa Cruz 

11120 James Hobbs Santa Cruz 

11121 Zach Kelly Aptos 

11122 Pamela Eiriksson Boulder Creek 

11123 Beth Love Santa Cruz 

11124 Ralph Cistaro Santa Cruz 

11125 Sarah Peterson Aptos 

11126 John Friel Avalon, CA 

11127 Ramona Guerrero Hollister, CA 

11128 Ann Sketch ley Santa Cruz 

11129 Eli Davis Santa Cruz 

11130 Tom McCulloch Ben lomond 

11131 Sally GranickCole Soquel 

11132 Jane Mangels Aptos 

11133 Diana Duque Santa Cruz 

11134 Rene Swoenen Santa Cruz 

11135Haley Glendon Ben Lomond 

11136 Jacl<ie Chuang Santa Cruz 

11137 Desiree Mulligan SantaCruz 

11138 Mania Chiavo!a San Francisco 

11139 Michael Peck Santa Cruz 

11140 Shawn Mulkey Felton 

11141 Andrew Carlton Santa Cruz 

11142 Marianne Wassenborg Santa Cruz 

11143Amy Halliday Soquel 

11144 Stephanie Simmons Santa Cruz 

11145Don Torchia Santa Cruz 

11146 Merla Torchia Scotts Valley 

11147 Josh Thompson Watsonville 

11148 Lily Hasebe Watsonville 

11149 Sherri Miller Watsonville 

11150 Tracy Boyd Watsonville 

11151 Emilio Torres Watsonville 

11152 Amanda Torres Watsonville 

11153 Nancy Mulhey Soquel 

11154 Maria Crovetto Milpitas 

11155 Guiseppina Cappella Watsonville 

11156 Kent Newbold Soquel 

11157 Mel Oelagarzia Watsonville 

11158 Marc Sander Watsonville 

11159 Kayla Brown Ben Lomond 

11160 Christine Braccini Scotts Valley 

11161 Amanda Mills Los Gatos 

11162 Carey Merrill Santa Cruz 

11163 Pen Guerrieri Santa Cruz 

11164 Marcus Coteux Santa Cruz 

11165 Ann Sarratzadeh Santa Cruz 
679 


Insert offset folio 746 here 98942A.648

11166 Cory Ybarra Santa Cruz 

11167 Stephanne Caverly Scotts Valley 

11168 Natalie Lemonosoff Ben Lomond 

11169 Rob Smet Santa Cruz 

11170Kris Damhorst Scotts Valley 

11171 Jackson Damhorst Scotts Valley 

11172Jane Weed~ Pomerantz Scotts Valley 

11173 Meridith Jones Aptos 

11174 Mara Bajlis Santa Cruz 

11175Mary Vollema Salinas 

11176 Ellen Bauerle Santa Cruz 

11177 Laura Hamby Soquel 

11178 Judy Buck San Mateo 

11179 Mark Kik Santa Cruz 

11180 Donna Cederlund Scotts Valley 

11181 Richard Stewart Santa Cruz 

11182 Patrick Sheenan Santa Cruz 

11183 Chris Sherertz Santa Cruz 

11184 Danya Fernandes Santa Cruz 

11185 Janet Souza Santa Cruz 

11186 Kalani Blake Santa Cruz 

11187 Scott Johnson Santa Cruz 

11188 Steven Sarvis Santa Cruz 

11189 Annica Rose Santa Cruz 

11190 Tina Baylis Santa Cruz 

11191 Derek Marquette Santa Cruz 

11192 Brian Huebkien Soquel 

11193 Jacob Martinez Watsonville 

11194 Marguerite Matera Santa Cruz 

11195 Skip Bertolino Santa Cruz 

11196 Laurie Russell Salinas 

11197 Vicki Maland ran Capitola 

11198 Jean Messer Soquel 

11199 Dan Friedman Santa Cruz 

11200 Vinnie Hansen Santa Cruz 

11201 Rachael Ellis Watsonville 

11202 Rose Brindley Santa Cruz 

11203 Amber Matthews Santa Cruz 

11204 Dena Sexton Santa Cruz 

11205 Jackeline Morales Santa Cruz 

11206 Josh McAfee Ben Lomond 

11207 Aston Nails Los Angeles 

11208 Susan Work Aptos 

11209 Don Nofrey Santa Cruz 

11210 Patrick Tierney HalfMoon Bay 

11211 Ed Bacher Santa Cruz 

11212 Orsolya Salzberg Aptos 

11213 Petra Serafim Aptos 

11214 Mark Whelan Aptos 

11215 Andrew Williamson Aptos 

11216 James Williamson Aptos 

11217 Martha Stewart Santa Cruz 

11218 Carol Williamson 

11219 Carrie Jensen Santa Cruz 

11220 Dame Gauzarm Santa Cruz 
680 


Insert offset folio 747 here 98942A.649

11221 Daniel Awai Santa Cruz 

11222 Mark Reynolds Santa Cruz 

11223 Robin Tierney Half Moon Bay 

11224 Ching Brodsky SantaCruz 

11225 Betsy Aceves Capitola 

11226 Kip Allert Aptos 

11227 Nina Francesconi Santa Cruz 

11228 Aaron Quaday Watsonville, CA 

11229 Alma Ponce Watsonville, CA 

11230 John Porch Capitola 

11231 John Ryan Santa Cruz 

11232 Greg Robison Scotts Valley 

11233 Marco Ciaramella Scotts Valley 

11234 Joey Moniz Scotts Valley 

11235 Jami Craig Scotts Valley 

11236 Luis Sosa Scotts Valley 

11237 Chartes Thomas Scotts Valley 

11238 Christopher DiMarco Scotts Valley 

11239 Stephanie Krayritz Scotts Valley 

11240 Beth Doherty Scotts Valley 

11241 Julian Larocca Scotts Valley 

11242 Leisa Orsan Scotts Valley 

11243 Symon Hausmann Scotts Valley 

11244 Sean Craig Scotts Valley 

11245 Tony DePalma Scotts Valley 

11246 Bobby Cole Scotts Valley 

11247 Gregory Steizenbach Scotts Valley 

11248 Tech Nane Kansas City 

11249 Joey Smith Scotts Valley 

11250 Ray Ory Scotts Valley 

11251 Jennifer Yesney Fellon, CA 

11252 Jared Michous Boulder Creek 

11253 Aryn Walter Ben Lomond 

11254 Scotty Poetzinger Ben Lomond 

11255 Donna Padia Ben Lomond 

11256 Haley McCown Felton 

11257 Blaze Brumbaugh Boulder Creek 

11258 Josslyn Andrews Felton 

11259 Evan Browne Felton 

11260 Katie Lamb Felton 

11261 Bill Lamb Felton 

11262 ian Gallagher Felton 

11263 Will Winkler Santa Cruz 

11264 Nathan Shin ley Felton 

11265 Harrison Metcher Ben Lomond 

11266 Stephen Mesling Boulder Creek 

11267 Rob La ley Aptos 

11268 Adam Peters Ben Lomond 

11269 Alex Araujo Boulder Creek 

11270 s. Beltz Ben Lomond 

11271 Ryan Williams Ben Lomond 

11272 Martin Schafer Felton 

11273 Andrew Schoemaker Felton 

11274 Annabel Nixon Boulder Creek 

11275 Jlllian Francis Felton 
681 


Insert offset folio 748 here 98942A.650

11276 Chartotte Lockwood Ben Lomond 

11277 Bella Roten Ben Lomond 

11278 Chance Brown Scotts Valley 

11279 Austin Pina Ben Lomond 

11280 Sonja Heastrom Felton 

11281 Jeanette Lange Felton 

11282 Ellen Taylor Scotts Valley 

11283 Katrina Mount Santa Cruz 

11284 Katie Amos Felton 

11285 Jen Lahey Felton 

11286 Marilyn Brzozowbra Felton 

11287 Karen Van Putter Felton 

11288 Jakeh Halliday Aptos 

11289 Ed Staton Ben Lomond 

11290 Brandon Staton Ben Lomond 

11291 Tyler Staton Ben Lomond 

11292 Max Stein Ben Lomond 

11293 Maddie Stein Ben Lomond 

11294 Elizabeth Staton Ben Lomond 

11295 Sam Keaclk Ben Lomond 

11296 Lilly Garcia~Johnson Brookdale 

11297 Jed Kraft Ben Lomond 

11298 Kristine Jurado Mt. Hermon 

11299 Cloey Parker Santa Cruz 

11300 Tanner Murray Ben Lomond 

11301 Sotero Torralba Boulder Creek 

11302 Maddy McMillan Santa Cruz 

11303 Abby Halper Boulder Creek 

11304 Miranda Robinson Ben Lomond 

11305 Ward Simpson Boulder Creek 

11306 Ana Woods Ben Lomond 

11307 Amanda Rodriguez San Jose 

11308 Rosalia Luna San Jose 

11309 Paula Mickalian Fresno 

11310 Caroline Dickerson Santa Cruz 

11311 Kathleen Brown Soquel 

11312 Natasha Katz nelson Scotts Valley 

11313 Lily Katznelson Scotts Valley 

11314Jan Leininger Scotts Valley 

11315 Chuck Blair Scotts VaHey 

11316 Lyn Stewart Scotts Valley 

11317James Richards Felton 

11318 Cassandra Trautsch Felton 

11319 Bill Ekwall Scotts Valley 

11320 Brenda Eisemann Temecula, CA 

11321 Sean McCullough Santa Cruz 

11322 Rachel McMillan Morgan Hill 

11323 Dan Wasserman Scotts Valley 

11324 Wendee Wasserman Scotts Valley 

11325 Willow Wasserman Scotts Valley 

11326 Lecia Richardson Santa Cruz 

11327 Megan Mantero Santa Cruz 

11328 Brooke Justice Santa Cruz 

11329 Richard Koenig Berkeley 

11330 Maureen Fullerton Scotts Valley 
682 


Insert offset folio 749 here 98942A.651

11331 Syd Cartson Scotts Valley 

11332 Dave lana Scotts Valley 

11333 Scott Dzckze Scotts Valley 

11334 Susan Clar1< Scotts Valley 

11335 Clistine Smith Scotts Valley 

11336 Sara Kiesby Scotts Valley 

11337 Annette Delgreco Capitola 

11338 Bernardine Unn San Juan Capistrano 

11339 Jerry Berke Scotts Valley 

11340 Marco Cuyan Santa Cruz 

11341 Laura Naranjo Aptos 

11342 Elic Farber Santa Cruz 

11343 Coleen McCray Ben Lomond 

11344 Ella Gomez Ben Lomond 

11345 Norene Bailey Santa Cruz 

11346 Merlin Wells Scotts Valley 

11347 Raymond Hennerry Scotts Valley 

11348 Richard Karst Santa Cruz 

11349 Kayt Wood Santa Cruz 

11350 Olivia Stefanisko Pleasant Hill 

11351 Michael Cushing Scotts Valley 

11352 Tom Adan Scotts Valley 

11353 Raquel Sullivan Scotts Valley 

11354 Vivian Simons Santa Cruz 

11355 Anna Anthony Soquel 

11356 Reyna Remero Seaside 

11357 Sherilyn Jager Scotts Valley 

11358 William Jager Scotts Valley 

11359 Cindy Powers Santa Cruz 

11360 Iris Svereika Santa Cruz 

11361 Anne Swanson Highland Park, NJ 

11362 Jason Rowe Highland Park, NJ 

11363 Anna Calvert Scotts Valley 

11364 Kirk Sam is Aptos 

11365 Steven Rieger Santa Cruz Co. 

11366 Gerry Rieger Santa Cruz 

11367 Richard Roy Felton 

11368 Aronas Schwab Watsonville 

11369 Amanda Draper Scotts Valley 

11370 Matt Draper Scotts Valley 

11371 Pamela Machutt Soquel 

11372 Sue Moreland Aptos 

11373 Ann Hope Scotts Valley 

11374Ken Okuno los Gatos 

11375 Laurie Okuno los Gatos 

11376 Sandra Holland Scotts Valley 

11377 Cheryl Snyder Santa Cruz 

11378 Rhonda Arneson Aptos 

11379 Christine Poxloik Boulder Creek 

11380 Linda Kerner Scotts Valley 

11381 David Kurtz Brookdale 

11382 Steve Garrido Santa Cruz 

11383 Marge Gregory Aptos 

11384 Janlne Honey Soquel 

11385 Melita Israel Aptos 
683 


Insert offset folio 750 here 98942A.652

11386 Cindy Race Watsonville, CA 

11387 Sara Mains Watsonville, CA 

11388 Pat McVeigh Santa Cruz 

11389 Andee Allan Aptos 

11390 Carolyn Dobbins Capitola 

11391 Michael Luther Aptos 

11392 Cherie Bobbe Aptos 

11393 Jim Cummins Scotts Valley 

11394 Challey Keams Los Gatos 

11395 David Malott a Santa Cruz 

11396 Don Long Boulder Creek 

11397 Thea Luiten Capitola 

11398 Kathy Luiten Oregon 

11399 Ray Trabucco Salinas 

11400 Shelly Trabucco Prunedale 

11401 Randy Rez Santa Cruz 

11402 Judy Johnson Capitola 

11403 Trudy Carrillo Santa Cruz 

11404 Patrick Gillis Scotts Valley 

11405 Sheila Wilke Boulder Creek 

11406 Evelyn Reynolds Capitola 

11407 Louise Davis Scotts Valley 

11408 Agnes Buchenhorst Gibbstown, NJ 

11409 Susan Berry Santa Cruz 

11410 Susan Johns Scotts Valley 

11411 Paul McKellar Scotts Valley 

11412 Gosia Szafran Los Gatos 

11413 Drake Garrido San Jose 

11414 Darlene Woodburn Scotts Valley 

11415 Jane Claassen Capitola 

11416 Lorraine Obrecher Scotts Valley 

11417 Khanh Obrecher Scotts Valley 

11418 Lavon Anderson Ben Lomond 

11419 Marylou Jaquith Watsonville 

11420 Carolina Avalos Soquel 

11421 Allen Morgan Soquel 

11422 Louise McCarthy Capitola 

11423 Camille Chavez San Jose 

11424 Sophia Hackett San Jose 

11425 Kalisa Cotton Corralitos 

11426 Daniel Spilman Soquel 

11427 Cynthia Rogers Soquel 

11428 Elizabeth Spilman 

11429 Melinda Pasquinucci Boulder Creek 

11430 Deanne Lange SantaCruz 

11431 Julia Pfister Ben Lomond 

11432 Lydia Hanich Santa Cruz 

11433 David Fierstein Felton 

11434 Kelly Pettit Felton 

11435 Veena Malone--Leonard Santa Cruz 

11436 Thomas Windsor Santa Cruz 

11437 Karen Baldwin Santa Cruz Co. 

11438 Roldolfo Rivas Aptos 

11439 Robin Gordon Capitola 

11440 Carol DeLauder Ben Lomond 
684 


Insert offset folio 751 here 98942A.653

11441 John Egbert Scotts Valley 

11442 Dan Davis Aptos 

11443 Tom Twist Shingletown. CA 

11444 Herb Rossman Santa Cruz 

11445 Susan Ledinghan Scotts Valley 

11446 Jessie Garrido Santa Cruz 

11447 Teah Garrido San Jose 

11448 Steve Garrido Santa Cruz 

11449 Sue McPhearson Soquel 

11450 Elaine Rohlfes Santa Cruz Co. 

11451 Jenni Lichtenberger Santa Cruz 

11452 Calleen Baca Santa Cruz 

11453 Julie Reed Ben Lomond 

11454 Kathy Pedersen Scotts Valley 

11455 Kathleen Avalon Soquel 

11456 Afarin Barirani Scotts Valley 

11457 Crystal Oben Scotts Valley 

11458 James David Streig Watsonville 

11459 Jan Streys Watsonville 

11460 David Lundberg Mt. Hermon 

11461 Susan Dibbler Scotts Valley 

11462 Shirley Chavez Scotts Valley 

11463 Rudy Solis Capitola 

11464 Chris Hawkins Aptos 

11465 Jana Thomsen Scotts Valley 

11466 Jodi DeVries Sacramento 

11467 Pat Small Scotts Valley 

11468 Margaret Nelson Scotts Valley 

11469 Greg James Santa Cruz 

11470 Todd Nelson Ben Lomond 

11471 Ana Brantley Aptos 

11472 Elizabeth Greer Santa Cruz 

11473 Rita Christie Scotts Valley 

11474 Stuart Snaparo Felton. CA 

11475 Rupert Poole Santa Cruz 

11476 Katie Fullerton Santa Cruz 

11477 Naomi Lyall Scotts Valley 

11478 Rohan Many SantaCruz 

11479 Dartene Fitts Scotts Valley 

11480 Brad Flanders Boulder Creek 

11481 Patricia Chavez Capitola 

11482 Megan Thie~ SantaCruz 

11483 Gail Howell Greensboro, NC 

11484 Hector Rojas Salinas 

11485 Maggie Rodriguez Salinas 

11486 Jamie Schnetzier Santa Cruz 

11487 Ariel Feller Santa Cruz 

11488 Anthony Crawford Aptos 

11489 Harvey Gottlieb Santa Cruz 

11490 Peggy Mawson Ramona 

11491 Brandon Mawson Ramona 

11492 Yazmin Juarez Santa Cruz 

11493 Vania Gonzaluez Santa Cruz 

11494 Sarah Hoover Boulder Creek 

11495 Benjamin Elvendahl Santa Cruz 
685 


Insert offset folio 752 here 98942A.654

11496 Ben Ledvina Flagstaff 

11497 Vicki Mahoney Felton 

11498 Gena Acevedo Morgan Hill 

11499 Herman Acevedo Morgan Hill 

11500 Sarah ChmieleY~Ski Monterey 

11501 JC Sprass Monterey 

11502 Dan Gatfaro Monterey 

11503 Kraig Webber Santa Cruz 

11504 Jenna Webber Santa Cruz 

11505 Erik Burkett Scotts Valley 

11506 Stacey Burkett Scotts Valley 

11507 Isaac Sparrow Scotts Valley 

11508 Luke De Brito Aptos 

11509 Molly Sinkelman Santa Cruz 

11510Bill Hoffman Ben Lomond 

11511 Amy Jackson Santa Cruz 

11512 Liz Hechler santa Cruz 

11513 Emily Cullinan Los Gatos 

11514 Ken Shaffer Scotts Valley 

11515 James Sandoval Santa Cruz 

11516 Reed Colley Pauls Valley, OK 

11517 Nick Boram Aptos 

11518 Anthony Saso Brookdale 

11519 Vander Alves Santa Cruz 

11520 Kyle Girodeno Modesto 

11521 Alex Vukalic Scotts Valley 

11522 Blaine Bariteau Scotts Valley 

11523 Mike Campbell San Jose 

11524 Emiolo Salazar San Jose 

11525 Harmel Sang he Scotts Valley 

11526 Ona Stewart Bonny Doon 

11527 Darrel Cook Scotts Valley 

11528 Lyan Slaughter Scotts Valley 

11529 Brian Morrisey Santa Cruz 

11530 Griffin Piatt Moraga 

11531 John Matter Santa Cruz 

11532 Kim Schultz Ben Lomond 

11533 James Hansen Pescadero 

11534 Curtis Heen Hollister 

11535 Brooks Schmitt Live Oak 

11536 Leah Maxson Boulder Creek 

11537 Tom Swale Aptos 

11538 Sarah Greenwald Santa Barbara 

11539 Darren Olsen Pacific Grove 

11540 Mark Ritz Scotts Valley 

11541 Mihaelaa Crist Seaside 

11542 Malthew Peterson Seaside 

11543 Devon Hunter Santa Cruz 

11544 Reva Sumama Santa Cruz 

11545 Stephanie Garcia Santa Cruz 

11546 Marc Rosenblum Santa Cruz 

11547 Cheyanne Brown Castro Valley 

11548 Michael Murphy Boulder Creek 

11549 Dean Murphy Salinas 

11550 Ross Murphy Sacramento 
686 


Insert offset folio 753 here 98942A.655

11551 Jason Wellmaker Fremont 

11552 Heidi Jones Citrus Heights 

11553 Ryan Murray Half Moon Bay 

11554 Alex Slosberg San Francisco 

11555 Lily Stoizheff Santa Cruz 

11556 Voe Williams La Selva Beach 

11557 Jamie Garza Ssn Jose 

11558 lani Faulkner Santa Cruz 

11559 Lucas Clark Santa Cruz 

11560 Alan Peevers Santa Cruz 

11561 Ryan Phinn Scotts Valley 

11562 Noah Phinn Scotts Valley 

11563 Pamela Crouch Campbell 

11564 Kevin Leonard Campbell 

11565 Pete Brooks Denver, CO 

11566 Dave Verner Minneapolis, MN 

11567 Jason Rinne Flagstaff, AZ 

11568 Jalen Rinne Flagstaff, AZ 

11569 Selan Rinne Flagstaff, AZ 

11570 Cas Rinne Flagstaff, AZ 

11571 Kart McKenzie Santa Cruz 

11572 Sara Rauss Aptos 

11573 Mark McAlister Scotts Valley 

11574 Sarah Murphy San Francisco 

11575 Melody Meed San Francisco 

11576 Robert Galelman Capitola 

11577 Jack Sundance Santa Cruz 

11578 Skip Allen Santa Cruz 

11579 Allen Maeloas Phoenix 

11580 Marge Demming SantaCruz 

11581 Patsey O'Malley Cupertino 

11582 Collette Cofen Pacific Grove 

11583 Cathie Roger Santa Cruz 

11584 Alex Burke Santa Cruz 

11585 Carol Peterson Los Angeles 

11586 Sam Peterson Los Angeles 

11587 Diane Harrison Northridge 

11588 Jenny Nieteirs Scotts Valley 

11589 Julie Lindenberger Santa Cruz 

11590 Demetrt Moura tis Mountain View 

11591 Jodi Moura tis Mountain View 

11592 Nilay Patel San Jose 

11593 Kevin Barrazu Santa Cruz 

11594 Michelle Barrazu Santa Cruz 

11595 James Reynolds San Jose 

11596 Ryan Haentjens Scotts Valley 

11597 Sue Sandretti Scotts Valley 

11598 Allan Sandretti Scotts Valley 

11599 Hanison Pugh Scotts Valley 

11600 Paige Jaro Santa Cruz 

11601 Roberto Martinez SantaCruz 

11602 Kristin Olafson Santa Cruz 

11603 Jessica Oltmanns Santa Cruz 

11604 Dan Ammon Scotts Valley 

11605 Julie Nguyen San Jose 
687 


Insert offset folio 754 here 98942A.656

11606 Kathryn Houng San Jose 

11607 Vinar Lueng San Jose 

11608 James Cummins Saratoga 

11609 Brady Larsen Emeryville 

11610 Diane King Los Gatos 

11611 Seth Mansergh San Francisco 

11612 Gayle Kirkoran Oakland 

11613 Peter McAfee Scotts Valley 

11614 Adan Kirkorian Alameda 

11615 Jenna Kirkorian Alameda 

11616 desAnges DiNapoli Scotts Valley 

11617 Michelle Yoon Santa Cruz 

11618 Matt Hampson Santa Cruz 

11619 Amy Hubert Corralitos 

11620 Justin Jobe Boulder Creek 

11621 Elliott Ames Boulder Creek 

11622 Nathan Gravelle Scotts Valley 

11623 Tom Maimon Santa Cruz 

11624 Rachel Berlin Boulder Creek 

11625 Mike Berlin Boulder Creek 

11626 Brad Flitz Santa Cruz 

11627 Jasmina Guargheddin Scotts Valley 

11628 Ann Shilling Santa Cruz 

11629 Branden Shilling Scotts Valley 

11630 Eric Carlson Santa Cruz 

11631 Michael Green Santa Cruz 

11632 Josh Johnson Oakland 

11633 Kathleen Bailey Monterey 

11634 Paul McGee Santa Cruz 

11635 Alex Kane Santa Cruz 

11636 Rick Haatley Santa Cruz 

11637 Laura Giorgi Los Gatos 

11638 Brook Costaluros Modesto 

11639 Robby Snyder Scotts Valley 

11640 Alias Bryant Santa Cruz 

11641 Elsa Mayrand Santa Cruz 

11642 Danny Silva Watsonville 

11643 Nancy Dearmon San Jose 

11644 Carissa Harrison San Jose 

11645 Tawn Schaffran Modesto 

11646 Tony Lopez Albany 

1164 7 Marie-Pierre Lopez Albany, OR 

11648 Michael Williams Monterey 

11649 James Foster Santa Cruz 

11650 Rob Hansel Felton 

11651 Susan Cloud Boulder Creek 

11652 Erica Cloud Santa Cruz 

11653 Rachel Blazevic Boulder Creek 

11654 Victor Blazevic Boulder Creek 

11655 Aaron Kaufman Santa Cruz 

11656 Brianna Tauriac Santa Cruz 

11657 Troy Kato Scotts Valley 

11658 Ryan Rumney Watsonville 

11659 Thomas Van llsenoy San Francisco 

11660 Hunter Johnson Santa Cruz 
688 


Insert offset folio 755 here 98942A.657

11661 Joe Bumbaca San Jose 

11662 Brian Murphy San Francisco 

11663 Shaina Gaynor Scotts Valley 

11664 Alyssa Turner Scotts Valley 

11665 Ken Peterson Fresno 

11666 Chrts Novak San Jose 

11667 Tim Reed Santa Cruz 

11668 Oswaldo Ortega Santa Cruz 

11669 Tom Hodges Marina 

11670 Melissa UndetwOod Cannel 

11671 Kory Snider Carmel 

11672 Annie Meyers Carmel 

11673 Boots McKeller SantaCruz 

11674 Maile Clements Ben Lomond 

11675 Mark Clements Ben Lomond 

11676 Shena Clothare Santa Cruz 

11677 Jim McKenzie Santa Cruz 

11678 Renee McKenzie Santa Cruz 

11679 Meyer O'Malley Ben Lomond 

11680 Shane Stevens Capitola 

11681 Deina Weber Napa 

11682 Pedro Figueroa Monterey 

11683 Catherine Figueroa Monterey 

11684 Gabriel Garcia Monterey 

11685 Donald Peterson San Jose 

11686 Eric Pineda Cupertino 

11687 Alonso Orellana San Mateo 

11688 Tony Crane San Jose 

11689 Scott Fisher Hollister 

11690 Jos Dik Netherlands 

11691 Jeremy Yoshioka Los Angeles 

11692 Staci LaCagnin Soquel 

11693 Deborah Kippen Kailuai, HI 

11694 Laurie Johnson St. Paul, MN 

11695 Anthony Alfaro Morgan Hill 

11696 Kelsey Kacher San Francisco 

11697 Laura Jeffery San Ramon, CA 

11698 Randy Jeffery San Ramon, CA 

11699 Peter Sharrai Monterey 

11700 Usaya Bautista Stockton 

11701 Patrick Kneeland San Jose 

11702 Alison Kneeland San Jose 

11703 Ethan Ducker Santa Cruz 

11704 lzzie Ducker Santa Cruz 

11705 Lisa Cole San Francisco 

11706 Karla Franklin Oakland 

11707 Shelley Gorin Santa Cruz 

11708 John Clinton Seaside 

11709 Anthony Denbar Marteniz 

11710 Dana Plautz Portland. OR 

11711 Ryan Walsh Seattle, WA 

11712 Brad Mabree Bolse,ID 

11713William Schaeffer Boise, ID 

11714 Debbie Reyes Union City 

11715 Justin Croft Knoxville, TN 
689 


Insert offset folio 756 here 98942A.658

11716 Chris Deets Arlington, VA 

11717 Alan Foote Dover, DE 

11718 Cyndi Olnera Monterey 

11719 Daniiel E Carrillo Ventura 

11720 Blanca Torres de Reyes Ventura 

11721 Yvette Carreon Salinas 

11722 Mario Torres Salinas 

11723 Sarah Zimmerman Davis 

11724 Paul Allison Walnut Creek 

11725 Christine West Santa Cruz 

11726 Alexander Gaines Santa Cruz 

11727 Robert Downing CaptHo 

11728 Sarah Wilks Santa Cruz 

11729 Oscar Kohut Santa Cruz 

11730 Cooper Yang Santa Cruz 

11731 Cher Bergeon Santa Cruz 

11732 Christina Guajardo Pismo Beach 

11733 Nathan Fronckoniak Santa Cruz 

11734 Panduseng Seshmulch San Jose 

11735 Kinaran Calabi Argwin 

11736 Michelle Gonzalez San Diego 

11737 Kevin Fischow San Jose 

11738 Jeleny Shrader San Jose 

11739 Cristina Mellor Pinole 

11740 Allen Lopez Richmond 

11741 Nolan Jameson Santa Cruz 

11742 Peter Sanchez Chico 

11743 Kevin Hatch Ben Lomond 

11744 Annie Combs Ben lomond 

117 45 Crispin Haadeins Los Gatos 

11746 Abbie McGawy Sunnyvale 

11747 Linda Howley-Skuby Illinois 

11748 Chrts Lussier Scotts Valley 

11749 Allison Ashley Santa Cruz 

11750 Eric Arnett Boulder Creek 

11751 Shiloh Arnett Boulder Creek 

11752 Stella Arnett Boulder Creek 

11753 Tracy Maxwell Mt. Hermon 

11754 OWen Mercer Scotts Valley 

11755 Tiffany Mercer Scotts Valley 

11756Jeff Angell Boulder Creek 

11757 Sheila Knoop Boulder Creek 

11758 Justin Acton Ben Lomond 

11759 Theo Offei Santa Cruz 

11760 ian Wymond Santa Cruz 

11761 Michele Garns Santa Cruz 

11762 Susie Lara lake esinore 

11763 Betmon Gudernao lake esinore 

11764 Samantha Webb-Biancett Downey 

11765 Travis Johnson San Mateo 
690 


Insert offset folio 757 here 98942A.659

11766 Billy Bayle Garden Grove 

11767 Brett Harzlett Vista 

11768 Miechelle Harzlett Vista 

11769 Gortney Kennedy Vista 

11770 Jurien Rodriquez Capitola 

11771 Carty Knutson Upland 

11772 Josh Brady Upland 

11773 Mindy Marlaleger Irvine 

11774 Matt Lengobalbo Valley Spring 

11775 Alloja Hippen Bonny Doon 

11776 Mary Lanctot Boulder Creek 

11777 Paul Fewer Boulder Creek 

11778 Virgilio Gaes Acampo 

11779 Coleen Snider Turlock 

11780 Richard F. Vasquez Watsonville 

11781 Molly Tobin Santa Cruz 

11782 Jeffrey Thompson San Jose 

11783 Jeremiah Leyba San Jose 

11784 Jason Perez San Jose 

11785 Kylie Tolosa San Jose 

11786 Mason Henntyour Santa Barbara 

11787 Evan Benevento Santa Cruz 

11788 Troutman Mike Santa Cruz 

11789 Joey Olmeda Watsonville 

11790 Joey Harper N Livermore/Alameda 

11791 Jordon Trumbull San Jose 

11792 Krisli Trumbull San Jose 

11793 Sheila Leary Boulder Creek 

11794 Brad Moore Felton 

11795 Brooke Stenderup Santa Cruz 

11796 Richard R. Schmatz Aptos 

11797 Julio Cam ache Sacramento 

11798 Mark Littlefield Aptos 

11799 Tom Skeele Capitola 

11800 Marcia Haley Soquel 

11801 Jeremy Henson Los Angeles 

11802 Carlyn Kobley Soquel 

11803 Brenda Gray Santa Cruz 

11804 Stephanie Kannarr San Diego 

11805 Jeff Whiting Santa Cruz 

11806 Raymond Garcia Anaheim/Santa Cruz 

11807 Jane Ralston Aptos 

11808 James Malete Soquel 

11809 Dane Berg Aptos 

11810 Imelda zuniga San Jose 

11811 Lois Davis Watsonville 

11812 John Pilge Santa Cruz 

11813 Andrea Acker Watsonville 

11814 Emily Acker Watsonville 

11815 Jocelyn Tellez Watsonville 
691 


Insert offset folio 758 here 98942A.660

11816 Monseditha Sanchez Castroville 

11817 Gary Fontan Los Angeles 

11818 Nancy Fontan Los Angeles 

11819 Maria Gutierrez Watsonville 

11820 Alice Swinford San Jose 

11821 Tawni lopez Salinas 

11822 Mike Lopez San Jose 

11823 Kairon Lopez Salinas 

11824 Malia lopez San Jose 

11825 Ramon Plascencica Milpitas 

11826 Vivieno Zermeno Watsonville 

11827 Johanna Miller Watsonville 

11828 Dennis Ceras Watsonville 

11829 Joanna Ceras Watsonville 

11830 Alice Garcia Watsonville 

11831 Richard Puccinelli Watsonville 

11832 Fernanda Cabral Turlock 

11833 Joe Nunez Monsanhiey 

11834 llian Fontan Los Angeles 

11835 Denzo Patricio Carpis Watsonville 

11836 Mirsa Pen a Wato 

11837 Eric Anchando Gilroy 

11838 Jennifer Alvitre Salinas 

11839 Jorge Cortez Seaside 

11840 Alex Ramo Concord 

11841 Vickie Martinez Gonzales 

11842 leandra Latta Soledad 

11843 Bill Paniagua Milpitas 

11844 Michael Paniagua Milpitas 

11845 Evelia Hernandez Watsonville 

11846 lupita Torres Watsonville 

11847 lucy So to Watsonville 

11848 Regina Molina Watsonville 

11849 Peter Romero Watsonville 

11850 Valerie Ross Santa Cruz 

11851 Mark Schmidt Fresno 

11852 Mat Maldonado Alamenda 

11853 Jose Cabezas San Pablo 

11854 Melinda McCormack Visalia 

11855 Erica Stephens Visalia 

11856 Dale Colwell Las Vegas 

11857 Juan Reynoso Santa Cruz 

11858 Breeanne Bryant Watsonville 

11859 Kaylene Stag nell Lake County 

11860 Danika Hernandez Watsonville 

11861 Peter Perez Gilroy 

11862 Olga Vazguez Watsonville 

11863 Dan Weber Salinas 

11864 Shelby Davis Watsonville 

11865 Danielle Medina Watsonville 

11866 Jodi Rodriguez Marina 

11867 Ricardo Rodriguez Marina 

11868 Sunde~it Awesome Merced 

11869 Espi Econor Watsonville 

11870 Eva Rodriguez Watsonville 
692 


Insert offset folio 759 here 98942A.661

11871 Betty Costilla Capitola 

11872 Martha Ayala las Lorna 

11873 Danielle Fuentes Prunedale 

11874 Katrina Panovich San Francisco 

11875 Patricia Vargas Watsonville 

11876 Alfonso Gonzales Fresno 

11877 Francisco Rodriguez Watsonville 

11878 Sugey Carrizoza Watsonville 

11879 Jeena Julrted Watsonville 

11880 Danerra Gidivan Watsonville 

11881 Rex Rackley Watsonville 

11882 Gina Orozco Hollister 

11883 Teresa Perez Gilroy 

11884 Danielle Perez Gilroy 

11885 Genesis Zuniga San Jose 

11886 Louise Keller Watsonville 

11887 Michelle Hinkle Watsonville 

11888 Dan Hones Oshkosh, WI 

11889 Lori Sydes Fairfax Station 

11890 Anna Sydes Fairfax Station 

11891 Will Sydes Fairfax Station 

11892 Linda Evelyn Watsonville 

11893 Martin Estrada Freedom 

11894 Ben Acker Watsonville 

11895 Uzzle Acker Watsonville 

11896 Melita Israel Aptos 

11897 Norah Miller Watsonville 

11898 Evelyn Fontan Los Angeles 

11899 Manuel Rivas Watsonville 

11900 Alden Anchonde Gilroy 

11901 Guillermo Ramo Concord 

11902 Cassandra Ramo Concord 

11903 Nicoletta Rubino Watsonville 

11904 Claudia CeJVantes Gilroy 

11905 Sao Vang Fresno 

11906 Andrea Marinez Watsonville 

11907 Antonio Montejuno Watsonville 

11908 Cecilia Ruiz Watsonville 

11909 Rosa Escobar 

11910 Luis Leonor Watsonville 

11911 Maria Rubalcava Aptos 

11912 Marly Corley Watsonville 

11913 Julio Baisa San Jose 

11914 Juanita Martinez Watsonville 

11915 Chris Ortiz Watsonville 

11916 Guadelupe Walguez Watsonville 

11917 Nancy Aguiler Watsonville 

11918 Nancy Ojeda Castroville 

11919 Alexis Morales Watsonville 

11920 Isabella Morales Watsonville 

11921 Javier Javier Watsonville 

11922 Memo Campos Watsonville 

11923 Angie Romo Concord 

11924 Brooke Sutton Concord 

11925 Melanie Sanchez Castroville 
693 


Insert offset folio 760 here 98942A.662

11926 Maureen Sanchez Castroville 

11927 Maria Cardenas Castroville 

11928 Maria Ortiz Watsonville 

11929 Jenny Ortiz Watsonville 

11930 Pat Payer Milpitas 

11931 Jamie Paniagea Milpitas 

11932 Selina Sanchez Santa Cruz 

11933 Nick Vargas Santa Cruz 

11934 Gerardo Valdez Gonzales 

11935 Hilda Angeles Watsonville 

11936 Juissa Cervantes Gilroy 

11937 Luis Banvelos Watsonville 

11938 Angelina Rivera Fresno 

11939 Ivan Ambriz Watsonville 

11940 Melanie Ambriz Watsonville 

11941 Natali Martinez Watsonville 

11942 Zonia Martinez Watsonville 

11943 Vanessa Ramo Concord 

11944 Luke Mejia Concord 

11945 Cruz Dulce los Banos 

11946 Bianca Garibay Yuba City 

1194 7 Viddon Curz Yuba City 

11948 Alicia Anaya Los Banos 

11949 Jaden Martinez Gonzalez 

11950 Gloria Leo nor Watsonville 

11951 Felipe Hernandez Watsonville 

11952 Fatima Bujio Watsonville 

11953 Sarah Ayer Lindsay 

11954 Priscilla Saavedra Watsonville 

11955 Alethea Tavera Watsonville 

11956 Arie Alfaro Texas 

11957 David Ambriz Watsonville 

11958 Karina Mondaras Watsonville 

11959 Roben Chavez WatsonVille 

11960 Viridiana Ortiz Gonzales 

11961 Ashley Cervantes Gilroy 

11962 Maritza Rivera Fresno 

11963 Alma Leonor Watsonville 

11964 Gloria Leonor Watsonville 

11965 Emestina Montoya San Jose 

11966 Melissa Espinal San Jose 

11967 Gabriella Margezceez Watsonville 

11968 Jose Mebtoza 

11969 Cesar Yaca Watsonville 

11970 Greg Vargas San Franciso 

11971 Misty Maldonado Fresno 

11972 Kiristen Chaboya Prunedale 

11973 Mariano Pkeda Castroville 

1197 4 Veronica Morales Watsonville 

11975 Andrea Barajas Watsonville 

11976 Yesenia Javier Watsonville 

11977 Aian Valencia Watsonville 

11978 Rosa Galvan Watsonville 

11979 Dave Campos Dinuba 

11980 Stan Car1en Dinuba 
694 


Insert offset folio 761 here 98942A.663

11981 Patricia Kawahara Walnut Creek 

11982 Jeff Boynton Seatac, WA 

11983 Marla Blazer SeaTac, WA 

11984 Felicia Gilman Santa Cruz 

11985 Karen Root Captain Cook, HI 

11986 Charles Baunes Santa Cruz 

11987 Sybil Rainford Soquel 

11988 Nicola Hall Santa Cruz 

11989 Ethan Port Moutain View 

11990 Annabelle Port Moutain View 

11991 Barry Morris San Jose 

11992 Tim Morgan Santa Cruz 

11993 Kira Kroger Santa Cruz 

11994 Claudia Quirarte Pacific Grove, Monterey 

11995 Marl Vargas Monterey 

11996 Gaby villa Watsonville 

11997 Baudelio Gonzalez Monterey 

11998 Alma Lopez Monterey 

11999 Joanna Areola Salinas 

12000 Brad Venable Santa Cruz 

12001 Kelly Burgamer Salinas 

12002 Steve Nielson Gilroy 

12003 Yael Lachman Santa Cruz 

12004 Caryl Williamson Santa Cruz 

12005 Gregory Gilbert Santa Cruz 

12006 Elias Gilbert Santa Cruz 

12007 Grant Erickson Santa Cruz 

12008 Jeffrey Camealy Santa Cruz 

12009 Joanna Normoyle Santa Cruz 

12010 Tom Wages SantaCruz 

12011 Ingrid Parker SantaCruz 

12012 Lonna Speer Santa Cruz 

12013 Peggy Jane Trubi Felton 

12014 David Bush Santa Cruz 

12015 Li Ping Zha Santa Cruz 

12016 John R Hall Santa Cruz 

12017 Kate Aim Davenport 

12018 Jamie Langley Santa Cruz 

12019 Bajicsoco Brier Capitola 
695 


Insert offset folio 762 here 98942A.664

12020 Mitchell Azus Watsonville 

12021 Alicia Thorndike Santa Clara 

12022 Naeemah Charles San Francisco 

12023 Charles Schuller Santa Cruz 

12024 Aviana Sidding Santa Cruz 

12025 Reid Dawson Santa Cruz 

12026 Mia Shea Santa Cruz 

12027 Valentina Alegria HonKong 

12028 Ramon Gonzalez San Francisco 

12029 Jorge Gonzalez San Bruno 

12030 Camila Perez Watsonville 

12031 Larry Cawaling Watsonville 

12032 Ernie Hernandez Watsonvltle 

12033 Joyce Thurman HumboltCo. 

12034 Katee Sarks Watsonville 

12035 Joseph Perez Monterey 

12036 Samuel Carson Salinas 

12037 Juan Gomez San Jose 

12038 Jesus Ruelus Watsonville 

12039 Monica Magallon Watsonville 

12040 Reed Wong Danville 

12041 Nathan Saldana Gilroy 

12042 Vannessa So to Salinas 

12043 Evelyn McKnight Oakland 

12044 Felipa de Leon Watsonville 

12045 Saul Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

12046 Helena Carranza Santa Cruz 

12047 Andres Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

12048 Nohemi Escamilla Fresno 

12049 Dan Escamilla Fresno 

12050 Nancy Hamilton Watsonville 

12051 Talissa Quintana Watsonville 

12052 Jaykob Suarez Watsonville 

12053 Edlin Plascencia Watsonville 

12054 Allany Ortiz Watsonville 

12055 Angelina Orona Watsonville 

12056 Andrea Marquez Watsonville 

12057 Veronica Carillo Watsonville 

12058 Aileen Marquez Watsonville 

12059 Genaro Barraga! Watsonville 

12060 Kimberly Mendoza Salinas 

12061 Jackie Gutierrez Salinas 

12062 Gabriele Heredia Salinas 

12063 Jose Palmerin Watsonville 

12064 Esmeralda Castaneda Redwood City 

12065 Cristina Castaneda Redwood City 

12066 Jesus Sanchez Watsonville 

12067 Marie Gallando Watsonville 

12068 Andrew Guerreiro Morgan Hill 

12069 Manda Wa!ge Morgan Hill 

12070 Sebastian Arguellas Watsonville 
696 


Insert offset folio 763 here 98942A.665

12071 Edel Martinez Watsonville 

12072 Alma Fuentes Watsonville 

12073 Carlo Fuentes Watsonville 

1207 4 Jessica Rubio Gilroy 

12075 Adda Gonzales Gilroy 

12076 Jose Valencia Gilroy 

12077 Cataline Guzmaio Salinas 

12078 Ulises Zarate Salinas 

12079 Mariana Magana Watsonville 

12080 Dulce Perez WatsonvJUe 

12081 Omar Perez Watsonville 

12082 Susu Atamilly Watsonville 

12083 Jorge Ramirey Watsonville 

12084 Ramona Perez Watsonville 

12085 Liliane Garcia Watsonville 

12086 Sabasa Betancourt Watsonville 

12087 Grion Martinez Soledaal Watsonville 

12088 Ayelen Gonzalez Salinas 

12089 Luisa Martinez Gilroy 

12090 Anel Luna Gilroy 

12091 Diego Martinez Gilroy 

12092 Miguel Martinez Gilroy 

12093 Ricardo Torres Watsonville 

12094 Sonia Longoria Salinas 

12095 Louie Arrey SaUnas 

12096 Ernie Silva Salinas 

12097 Brian Silva Salinas 

12098 Maria Romero Mai Santanella 

12099 Jessia Torres Romero Santanella 

12100 Lori Fowler Gilroy 

12101 Viva Laiwa Watsonvme 

12102 Jose Salazar Watsonville 

12103 Maria Duarte Watsonville 

12104 Maria Rocha Watsonville 

12105 Caleb Snyder Watsonville 

12106 Rasandra Thompson Watsonville 

12107 Raymond Garcia Watsonville 

12108 Omar Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

12109 Jahlr Salines Santa Cruz 

12110 Lizette Canones Santa Cruz 

12111 Brenda Satceto Campbell 

12112 Robin Moreno Campbell 

12113 GRB Moreno Watsonville 

12114 Cindy Hernandez Santa Cruz 

12115 Wisdon Catano Santa Cruz 

12116 Rossy Moales Watsonville 

12117 Roberto Hernandez Watsonville 

12118 Alison Gruzlewski Watsonville 

12119 Alexandra Suarez Santa Nella 

12120 Magdalena Mota Santa Cruz 

12121 Edward Hahiny Santa Cruz 

12122 Jared Haliny Boulder Creek 

12123 Greta Grant Seaside 

12124 Mario Alvarez Aptos 

12125 Roman Granados Concord 
697 


Insert offset folio 764 here 98942A.666

12126 David Ortera Watsonville 

12127 Cynthia Lin Santa Barbara 

12128 Rosa L Ortega Watsonville 

12129 Toni Ocampo Watsonville 

12130 Greg Cotton Watsonville 

12131 Octavia Perez Watsonville 

12132 Virginia Rodriguez Watsonville 

12133 Maria Orocco Watsonville 

12134 Yareli Lopez Watsonville 

12135 Gabriela Sanchez Watsonville 

12136 Shaadi Cebada Watsonville 

12137 Judith Ramirez Watsonville 

12138 Juan Cosio Watsonville 

12139 Melissa Cuentas-Martinez Salinas 

12140 Salvador Guzman Salinas 

12141 Norma Tellez Los Angeles 

12142 Joseph Martinez Rancho Cucamonga 

12143 Jean Lampson NV 

12144 Linda Pedigo Fresno 

12145 Paul de Worken Watsonville 

12146 Alfonso Lopez Watsonville 

12147 Deborah Pembrook Watsonville 

12148 David Brewster Watsonville 

12149 Oueta Rojes Watsonville 

12150 Miguel Menaz Watsonville 

12151 Sandra Saldana Watsonville 

12152 Gary Reich Watsonville 

12153 Jessica Paniagua Watsonville 

12154 Jasmine Paniagua Watsonville 

12155 Manuel Bustos Salinas 

12156 Luis Hernandez Santa Cruz 

12157 lsidoro Blanco Marina 

12158 Chelsea Peralta Watsonville 

12159 Teresa Peralta Watsonville 

12160 Jaime - Peralta Watsonville 

12161 Rita Ramirez Watsonville 

12162 Rachel Perez Gilroy 

12163 Maria Granados Watsonville 

12164 Deani Alvarez Watsonville 

12165 Martin Alvarez Watsonville 

12166 Ricardo Reyes Santa Cruz 

12167 Henri Rojas Pajaro 

12168 Daniela Palmerin Watsonville 

12169 Alejandra Bonilla Gilroy 

12170 Ruby Castillo Gilroy 

12171 Cindy Oviedo Gilroy 

12172 Mariela Palomera Gilroy 

12173 Mauricio Palomera Gilroy 

12174 Enedina Garcia Redwood City 

12175 Hamino Garcia Redwood City 

12176 Pete Gallardo Watsonville 

12177 Mnchell Azus Watsonville 

12178 Manuel Cadenez Watsonville 

12179 Yannelt Cadenez Watsonville 

12180 Maria Rocua Watsonville 
698 


Insert offset folio 765 here 98942A.667

12181 Gael Rocua Watsonville 

12182 Anthony Sorenson Livermore 

12183 Krystal Vega Watsonville 

12184 Samuel Zunega Salinas 

12185 Anthony Gutierrez Santa Ana 

12186 Diana Campbell Ben lomond 

12187 Enrique Mellory Watsonville 

12188 Katy Perez Watsonville 

12189 Chris Gilbert los Gatos 

12190 Felecia Navarro Stockton 

12191 Dalton Greer Watsonville 

12192 John Young Aptos 

12193 Brandon Peters San Diego 

12194 Conneer Corwell Soquel 

12195 Charles Bradley Capitola 

12196 Sage Wilkinson Santa Cruz 

12197 Suzanne Eiohhom Watsonville 

12198 Garie Mateo Santa Cruz 

12199 Kathy Kindall Sacramento 

12200 Jacob DeCandio Rutland 

12201 Annika Tamkin Santa Cruz 

12202 Luke Tiernan Pacifica 

12203 Justus Peacock Santa Cruz 

12204 Avon Sisson Santa Cruz 

12205 Brett Nickel Santa Cruz 

12206 Erin Severi Fort Bragg 

12207 Doug Kindall Sacramento 

12208 Cannen Maier Santa Cruz 

12209 Jessica Okra~t Burtington, VT 

12210 Alyssa Davis Santa Cruz 

12211 Hayden McDevitt-Kuntz Santa Cruz 

12212 Leo Miacanon SantaCruz 

12213 Shane Podratz Santa Cruz 

12214 Taylor Crum Santa Cruz 

12215 Steve Knunson Brookings, OR 

12216 Matt Collier Ben Lomond 

12217 Jaime Acuste Santa Cruz 

12218 Julian Puentes Aptos 

12219 Alex McGregor Santa Cruz 

12220 AJ Pifferine Santa Cruz 

12221 Adrienne Gaughan Santa Cruz 

12222 ian Zacharay Santa Cruz 

12223 Lorna Jordan Santa Cruz 

12224 Rebecca Leon San Jose 

12225 Luis Purizacer Cupertino 

12226 Robert Satas Castroville 

12227 Pedro Bonofuentes Castroville 

12228 Renny Ward Dublin 

12229 Jessica Niemeyer Santa Cruz 

12230 Lorelai Casey Gilroy 

12231 Roberto Certes Capitola 

12232 Kevin Ames Arrata 

12233 Nicole Valentine Fresno 

12234 Danielle Olsen Sant Cruz 
699 


Insert offset folio 766 here 98942A.668

12235 Isaiah Neel Santa Cruz 

12236 Ryan Ellsworth Santa Cruz 

12237 Sally Brosnan Santa Cruz 

12238 Tim Brosnan Santa Cruz 

12239 Pat Marshall Santa Cruz 

12240 Dennis Rayer Santa Cruz 

12241 Celia Bueb Oakland 

12242 Ramon Deering-Estrada Santa Cruz 

12243 Marilyn Rockey Aptos 

12244 Phil Rockey Aptos 

12245 Cindy Yates Santa Cruz 

12246 steve Yates Santa Cruz 

12247 Hillary Tartaru Santa Cruz 

12248 Andrew Reyes Gilroy 

12249 Brian Cohen Felton 

12250 Rodrex Thomas Capitola 

12251 Dowling Laura Santa Cruz 

12252 Dee Wright Santa Cruz 

12253 Steve Scuero Fort Bragg 

12254 Sonia Morrison Santa Cruz 

12255 Mariia Lobora 

12256 Sofia Diatkova Yakutsh, Russia 

12257 Julian Okrant Rutland, VT 

12258 Will McCann San Marcos, TX 

12259 Meredith McCann San Marcos, TX 

12260 Jan Suttaby Santa Cruz 

12261 Shane Callahan Santa Cruz 

12262 Edgar Asuegey santa Cruz 

12263 Amar Navarro Santa Cruz 

12264 Emma Olin Santa Cruz 

12265 Kelly Edmonds Santa Cruz 

12266 Amanda Yoon Santa Cruz 

12267 Ryan Muhr Santa Cruz 

12268 Matt Burtt Santa Cruz 

12269 Ferin Judi Santa Cruz 

12270 Chris Works Santa Cruz 

12271 Tamara Riedel Santa Cruz 

12272 Raociro Quevedo Santa Cruz 

12273 James Phelps Santa Cruz 

12274 Jaz Hurley Santa Cruz 

12275 Nicole Laforte Santa Cruz 

12276 Emily Hyde Santa Cruz 

12277 Josh Meko Santa Cruz 

12278 Paul Leon Santa Cruz 

12279 Cynthia Weigelt Santa Cruz 

12280 Elyse Destout Watsonville 

12281 Dyana Gomez Watsonville 

12282 Erik Rohrkemper Scotts Valley 

12283 Rosalyn Pillar SantaCruz 

12284 Shannon Blake Santacruz 

12285 Russell Cole Boulder Creek 

12286 Erin Lara Gilroy 

12287 Eligio Parraz Gilroy 

12288 Diana Parraz Gilroy 

12289 Benjamin Payton Salinas 
700 


Insert offset folio 767 here 98942A.669

12290 Michelle Lambert Salinas 

12291 Karen Dyck Watsonville 

12292 Diana Weber Aptos 

12293 Evelina Froylan Watsonville 

12294 luis Angel Rojas Watsonville 

12295 Susan Meyer Watsonville 

12296 Jaime Camdas Jr. Watsonville 

12297 Brian Chavez Watsonville 

12298 Gabe Chevas Salinas 

12299 Juan Duque Watsonville 

12300 Nick Rivera Watsonville 

12301 Doug Keegan Watsonville 

12302 Denise Devereaux Santa Cruz 

12303 Brianne Aalders Humboldt 

12304 Angel Ruelas Capitola 

12305l Bermingham Capitola 

12306 Priscilla Fisher Aptos 

12307 Jim Higgins Martinez 

12308 Matthew Fartey Santa Cruz 

12309 laVoda louise Lesher Santa Cruz 

12310 Tera Martin Santa Cruz 

12311 Joe Kleinsmith I go 

12312 Nicole Tompkins Santa Cruz 

12313 John Mardesich Felton 

12314 Lisa Marc Santa Cruz 

12315 Kim BradburnwGonzales Santa Cruz 

12316 Rochelle Sturtevant Soquel 

12317 Dean Sturtevant Soquel 

12318 Raquel Sturtevant Santa Cruz 

12319 Jacob Sturtevant Santa Cruz 

12320 Brittany Sturtevant Santa Cruz 

12321 Ellie Sturtevant Soquel 

12322 Geri Crosland La Selva Beach 

12323 Bill Waggoner La Selva Beach 

12324 Catherine Waggoner La Selva Beach 

12325 James Waggoner La Selva Beach 

12326 Kari Miller Santa Cruz 

12327 Nick Miller Santa Cruz 

12328 Paige Nix Aptos 

12329len Nix Aptos 

12330 Nathan Nix Capitola 

12331 Linda Page Santa Cruz 

12332 Kayley Burger Felton 

12333 Lynne Manning Santa Cruz 

12334 Bryan Caisse Santa Cruz 

12335 Eric Caisse Santa Cruz 

12336 Spenser Manning St. Peterburgh 

12337 Matthew Manning Watsonville 

12338 Marale Travis Watsonville 

12339 Kathryn Lusardi Aptos 

12340 Megan Sempek San Jose 

12341 Ross Sempek San Jose 

12342 Colby Sempek San Jose 

12343 Connor Sempek San Jose 
701 


Insert offset folio 768 here 98942A.670

12344 Hayne Bendick Santa Cruz 

12345 Debra Sherman Capitola 

12346 Kim Watson Soquel 

12347 Rick Moritz Santa Cruz 

12348 Dorothea Ditchfield Santa Cruz 

12349 Jim Castel Pleasant Hill 

12350 Nancy Smith Aptos 

12351 Brooke Butler Santa Cruz 

12352 Kim Armstrong Ben Lomond 

12353 Kiley Armstrong Ben Lomond 

12354 Katelyn Armstrong Ben Lomond 

12355 Tenca Pratt Scotts Valley 

12356 Richard Bennett Scotts Valley 

12357 Gerri Stillwell Boulder Creek 

12358 Kimberly Cakebread Boulder Creek 

12359 Raymond Werner San Jose 

12360 Troy Werner San Jose 

12361 Bill Hernandez Atascadero 

12362 Luke Willer Santa Cruz 

12363 Andrea Willer Santa Cruz 

12364 Nancy Hernandez Atascadero 

12365 Jessica Arline Santa Cruz 

12366 Erin Boan Santa Cruz 

12367 Jeremy Dennis Santa Cruz 

12368 Piret Harmon Scotts Valley 

12369 Josh Taft Scotts Valley 

12370 Cindy S Swan Scotts Valley 

12371 Raymond Hemnebry Scotts Valley 

12372 Susan Laccabue Scotts Valley 

12373 Mikal Mateen Scotts Valley 

1237 4 Ashley Greene Boulder Creek 

12375 Greg Perry Scotts Valley 

12376 Olya Chibisova Scotts Valley 

12377 Alejandro Rios Santa Cruz 

12378 Adeeb Karam Scotts Valley 

12379 Hany Suss mann Scotts Valley 

12380 Cardiff Hamilton Santa Cruz 

12381 Lynda Tron Santa Cruz 

12382 Steve Vedda Cambell 

12383 Devin Gundersen Scotts Valley 

12364 Luis Castellanos Watsonville 

12385 Elias Sabbagh Scotts Valley 

12386 Jamie Karam Scotts Valley 

12387 Hunna Karam Scotts Valley 

12388 Bobby Gillit Capitola 

12389 Elliz Fockins Scotts Valley 

12390 Nick Biunchini Santa Cruz 

12391 Martha Anderson Aptos 

12392 Ryan Brinks SLC 

12393 Anna Munro Davenport 

12394 Mary Weller Santa Cruz 

12395 Karan Mitchell Soquel 

12396 David Salazar Long Beach 

12397 Susie Salazar Long Beach 

12398 Katherine O'Connell Carmel 
702 


Insert offset folio 769 here 98942A.671

12399 Kelley O'Brian Ca1111e1 

12400 Wendy Stewart North Carolina 

12401 Phyllis Bras hi ere Santa Maria 

12402 Craig Poulsen SantaCruz 

12403 Kevin SaW'lders Marina 

12404 Phil Crews Santa Cruz 

12405 Kalla Ostrander capitola 

12406 Brian Toss Capitola 

12407 Emily Hanson Santa Cruz 

12408 Daniel Bachner Los Gatos 

12409 Jon Powers Santa Cruz 

12410 Erin Conway Santa Cruz 

12411 Kathy Helmer Ben Lomond 

12412 Stephen Ferro Felton 

12413 Stephanie Morse Scotts Valley 

12414 Aaron Morse Scotts Valley 

12415 Skip Campa Tracy 

12416 Pam Campa Tracy 

12417 Rosemary Abell Ben Lomond 

12418 Chartene Wolak San Jose 

12419 Scott Vococar Ben Lomond 

12420 Mayler Cosuble Ben Lomond 

12421 Gay Bargas Santa Cruz 

12422 Calvin Palmer Santa Cruz 

12423 Matthew Barker Santa Cruz 

12424 Yolande Lee Santa Cruz 

12425 Andrew Anguiano Salinas 

12426 Diego Manjarrez Watsonville 

12427 Ruben Rivas Watsonville 

12428 Carols Ponce Watsonville 

12429 Roger Heitzman Scotts Valley 

12430 Pat Jeg Aptos 

12431 Bill Grace Felton 

12432 Rosendo Garcia Watsonville 

12433 Stephanie Knight Scotts Valley 

12434 Linda Flaherty Scotts Valley 

12435 Susan Gaspar Scotts Valley 

12436 Henry Anderson Scotts Valley 

12437 E. Arvizu Anvizy MoCo 

12438 D. Labena Tabena MoCo 

12439 Michael Urioste Hayward 

12440 Nancy Urioste Hayward 

12441 Thomas Gaspar Scotts Valley 

12442 Gary Simmons Scotts Valley 

12443 Tina Gover-Heitzman Scotts Valley 

12444 Rebecca Peters Capitola 

12445 Kai Peters Capitola 

12446 Larry White Scotts Valley 

12447 Terri White Scotts Valley 

12448 Felicia Webb Ben Lomond 

12449 Dan Ball Ben Lomond 

12450 Debbie Ball Ben Lomond 

12451 Carmel Crowther Felton 

12452 Benny Perez Salinas 

:12453 Colin Wallacrak Sapideroro 
703 


Insert offset folio 770 here 98942A.672

12454 Rebecca Lee Santa Cruz 

12455 Gabriel Lopez Salinas 

12456 Judy Brown Ben Lomond 

12457 Antoinette Grannout Ben Lomond 

12458 Unzy Norton Scotts Valley 

12459 Sharon Meyer La Selva Beach 

12460 Mallory Meyer La Selva Beach 

12461 Lou Auclas Scotts Valley 

12462 Eanis Auclas Scotts Valley 

12463 Shawn Nowak Scotts Valley 

12464 Chris Nowak Scotts Valley 

12465 Alicia Ybarra Watsonville 

12466 Justin Lindseth Hollister 

12467 Patrick Hanley Boulder Creek 

12468 Ceirrah Runyon Scotts VaHey 

12469 Abigail Bruce Scotts Valley 

12470 Carmen Collins Felton 

12471 Roberta Viviani UveOak 

12472 Joe Baxter Santa Cruz 

12473 John Weaver Scotts Valley 

12474 Dale Lindseth Scotts Valley 

12475 Laura Bottarini South San Francisco 

12476 Alison Appleby Ben Lomond 

124 77 Melissa West Watsonville 

12478 Carie Gladding Los Angeles 

12479 Sean Lynch Ben Lomond 

12480 Jill Perry Santa Cruz 

12481 Sandi Crouser Scotts Valley 

12482 Lori McGesy Nonto Clara 

12483 Mitch Bredes San Clemente 

12484 Mike Briles San Clemente 

12485 Nancy Alessi Scotts Valley 

12486 Via Alessi Scotts Valley 

12487 Lisa Shaw Scotts Valley 

12488 Amanda Bell Scotts Valley 

12489 Wende Hiller Scotts Valley 

12490 Michael Hiller Scotts Valley 

12491 Juan Rocha Watsonville 

12492 Camilla Torres Watsonville 

12493 Vidal Leon Aromas 

12494 Kinessa Medina Watsonville 

12495 Brittney Contreras Watsonville 

12496 Andrea Castillo Watsonville 

12497 Teresa Zamora Watsonville 

12498 Marilyn Mickelwait Scotts Valley 

12499 Pauline Ross Scotts Valley 

12500 Ben Coursana Scotts Valley 

12501 Peggy Anderson Scotts Valley 

12502 Coral Tripp Boulder Creek 

12503 Robb Dettiefz Alameda 

12504 Eleanor Dettiefz Alameda 

12505 Joshua Albano Scotts Valley 

12506 Meghan Albano Scotts VaHey 

12507 Annette Truong SantaCruz 

12508 Rick Woods Scotts Valley 
704 


Insert offset folio 771 here 98942A.673

12509 Emily Truong Santa Cruz 

1251 0 Savannah Woods Scotts Valley 

12511 Sylvia Lee Scotts Valley 

12512 Rita Ken Scotts Valley 

12513 Cathy Jones Scotts Valley 

12514 Mary Simmons Los Gatos 

12515 Charlie Simmons Los Gatos 

12516 Patricia McGuire Boulder Creek 

12517 Stephen Miller SCOtts Valley 

12518 Megan Miller Scotts Valley 

12519 Ellen Buckingham Scotts Valley 

12520 Arline Hannon Scotts Valley 

12521 Richard Crowe Santa Cruz 

12522 Michael McGeoy Santa Clara 

12523 Robyn Beagle Scotts Valley 

12524 Daniel Beagle Scotts Valley 

12525 Elian Lopez Wqsaril 

12526 Federico Rubino Felton 

12527 Karen Tripp Boulder Creek 

12528 Suellone Deterson Felton 

12529 Michael Lazarus Scotts Valley 

12530 Thomas Bailey Boulder Creek 

12531 Mysti Adams Scotts Valley 

12532 David Bertelsen Scotts Valley 

12533 Nancy Buell Santa Cruz 

12534 Angela Thalls Soquel 

12535 Neil McKenzie Soquel 

12536 Stephanie Hughes San Jose 

12537 Sandy Chimienti San Jose 

12538 Edwin Sooa Watsonville 

12539 Elizabeth Swanson Watsonville 

12540 Julie Knight BonnyOoon 

12541 Cal Horton Scotts Valley 

12542 Antta Chinery Santa Cruz 

12543 Taylor larkin Soquel 

12544 Shelly Barker Santa Cruz 

12545 Liz Wingert 

12546 Claudia Boulton Aptos 

12547 Warwick Boulton Aptos 

12548 Elliot Stone Scotts Valley 

125491dol Jabba Scotts Valley 

12550 Maya Sabbagh Scotts Valley 

12551 Steve Kele San Jose 

12552 Kristina Drummond Los Gatos 

12553 Kathleen Freeberg Somerset 

12554 Travis Rosgen Scotts Valley 

12555 Kevin Johnson Ben Lomond 

12556 Peter Woodward Aptos 

12557 Kelly Johnson Scotts Valley 

12558 Riley Johnson Scotts Valley 

12559 Megan Misrach San Diego 

12560 Phil CreiNS Santa Cruz 

12561 Kendall Kelsan Scotts Valley 

12562 Maureen Kelsan Scotts Valley 

12563 John Murphy Ben Lomond 
705 


Insert offset folio 772 here 98942A.674

12564 Hannah Thompson Scotts Valley 

12565 Tiffany Sa ice Aptos 

12566 Julio Briceno Santa Cruz 

12567 Hilde Rogers Scotts Valley 

12568 Laura Hom SantaCruz 

12569 Kimberly Shultz Scotts Valley 

12570 Dave Willis Santa Cruz 

12571 Katherine Goebel Capitola 

12572 Richard Goebel Capitola 

12573 Kathleen Manning Aptos 

12574 Dave Manning Aptos 

12575 Rachelle Manning Aptos 

12576 Garrett Manning Aptos 

12577 Christina Kock Watsonville 

12578 Daniel Manning Watsonville 

12579 Rose Manning Watsonville 

12580 Aracely Perez Santa Cruz 

12581 Taryn Segal Santa Cruz 

12582 Robert Irwin Santa Cruz 

12583 Patrick Stephens Odenton,MD 

12584 Bart Evans Santa Cruz 

12585 Vignette Ching Santa Cruz 

12586 Kirk Lenington Santa Cruz 

12587 Tessa Schnaps SantaCruz 

12588 Yiki Aceves Santa Cruz 

12589 Sophia Ukiz Salinas 

12590 Peter Gross Santa Cruz 

12591 Jessica Joyce Santa Cruz 

12592 Chris Braccuri Scotts Valley 

12593 Virginia Charfaucos Salinas 

12594 Cora Montoya Salinas 

12595 Neeti Schworetzky Scotts Valley 

12596 ian Ungl SantaCruz 

12597 Aaron Grogan scotts Valley 

12598 Denice Grogan Scotts Valley 

12599 Lauri Lewis Felton 

12600 Julez Reyes Santa Cruz 

12601 Sergio Canchola Santa Cruz 

12602 Ruben Canchola SantaCruz 

12603 Maria Yanez Watsonville 

12604 Fatima Estrada Watsonville 

12605 Denise Tares- Watsonville 

12606 Emiliana Hernandez Watsonville 
706 


Insert offset folio 773 here 98942A.675

12607 Ana Maria Leon Aromas 

12608 Leslie Krzeczowski Scotts Valley 

12609 Sean Krzeczowski Scotts Valley 

12610 Brad Harting Scotts Valley 

12611 Jon Kahn Aptos 

12612 Matt Harris San Jose 

12613 Rosie Delgadillo Santa Clara 

12614 Kalie Snyder Santa Cruz 

12615 Alex Brewster Santa Cruz 

12616 Sharon Barbou Boulder Creek 

12617 Jo Badminton England 

12618 Linette Orsolini Santa Cruz 

12619 Sarah Larkin Soquel 

12620 Julie Nibler Santa Cruz 

12621 Maggie Dickson Aptos 

12622 Ayzha Ouidit Santa Cruz 

12623 Linda Thiemann Santa Cruz 

12624 Amanda Currier Santa Cruz 

12625 Adam Pinarbugai Santa Cruz 

12626 Aggie Morrow Santa Cruz 

12627 Michael Ogrady Santa Cruz 

12628 Pete Novembre Santa Cruz 

12629 Cecile Novembre Santa Cruz 

12630 Sean Carpenter Santa Cruz 

12631 Ivan Renteria Watsonville 

12632 Riva Warrilow Scvotts Valley 

12633 Kelly Robertson Santa Cruz 

12634 Logan Basinger Santa Cruz 

12635 Melody Whinnert Scotts Valley 

12636 Bruce Hull Scotts Valley 

12637 Kenie Hull Scotts Valley 

12638 Matthew Schworetzky Scotts Valley 

12639 Jeffrey Rosen Scotts Valley 

12640 Dana Bagshaw Santa Cruz 

12641 Clive Bagum Santa Cruz 

12642 Laura Gladstone Santa Cruz 

12643 Nancy Burhlie Santa Cruz 

12644 'Betsy Mizelle Arkansas 

12645 Alexandra Rios Salinas 
707 


Insert offset folio 774 here 98942A.676

12646 Kane Salongcong Salinas 

12647 John Senkier Scotts Valley 

12648 Rick Martin Capitola 

12649 Bryce Danonleauor Felton 

12650 Kai Oxondria Santa Cruz 

12651 Kaleb Martin Capitola 

12652 Karm Wallwork Scotts Valley 

12653 Ladreal Wallwork Scotts Valley 

12654 Vida Naxari Scotts Valley 

12655 Scott Oexel Santa Cruz 

12656 Ron Cotter Santa Cruz 

12657 Max Wurez Santa Cruz 

12658 Stephanie Ross Santa Cruz 

12659 Dimas Albert salinas 

12660 Kumar Lama Santa Cruz 

12661 Maria Federica Doyle Seattle, WA 

12662 Brian Kivlan New York 

12663 Myra Greenberg San Carlos 

12664 Denise Devereaux Santa Cruz 

12665 Brianne Alalders Humbolt 

12666 Ronette Youmans Encinitas 

12667 Alan Eisner Santa Cruz 

12668 Brooke Elliott Santa Cruz 

12669 Sarah Ferriera Santa Cruz 

12670 Maria Ramos Santa Cruz 

12671 Matt Perez Aptos 

12672 Paula Cortes Santa Cruz 

12673 Erin Andersen Santa Cruz 

1267 4 Deborah Letourneau santa Cruz 

12675 Mike Coveenazio Santa Cruz 

12676 Wendy Krog Santa Cruz 

12677 Carlos Hernandes Santa Cruz 

12678 Maggie Klamp Santa Cruz 

12679 Steve Stoddard Santa Cruz 

12680 Julia Spivey Santa Cruz 

12681 Luyatt Culbert Chico,CA 

12682 Steven Garrett Santa Cruz 

12683 Thea Crossley Santa Cruz 

12684 Cindy Mccusker Santa Cruz 
708 


Insert offset folio 775 here 98942A.677

12685 John Garber Santa Cruz 

12686 Vivianna Luna Santa Cruz 

12687 Andy Luna Bakersfield 

12688 Ben Hernandez Santa Cruz 

12689 Sherilyn Jager Santa Cruz 

12690 Msrcine Rodriguez Scotts Valley 

12691 Richard Dodge Watsonville 

12692 Paul Heredia Aromas 

12693 Brett Nickel Aptos 

12694 Keith Gil de roy Santa Cruz 

12695 Thomas Chioc Santa Cruz 

12696 Ed Celli Santa Cruz 

12697 Eva Fewel Boulder Creek 

12698 Adele Gardener Aptos 

12699 Sard Ayyad Watsonville 

12700 Gabe Colin Santa Cruz 

12701 Dan Hoppenfeld Aptos 

12702 Neil Kuhlmann Boulder Creek 

12703 Robert Romer Santa cruz 

12704 Althea Coffey Santa cruz 

12705 James Hendrix Santa cruz 

12706 Rohan Cooppan-Boyd Santa cruz 

12707 Jayden Grunde Ashland 

12708 Anjali Grunde Ashland, OR 

12709 Melinda Arndt Santa cruz 

12710 Michele Weeks Sarasota,Fl 

12711 Alela Johnson Soquei,CA 

12712 Hanna Seltz Soquei,CA 

12713 Ronald Tershay Sacramento 

12714 Angela Kochlar New Orleans, LA 

12715 Cory Robue Santa cruz 

12716 Heather Bepristis Santa cruz 

12717 Alison Bepristis Santa cruz 

12718 Cody Dominguez Santa cruz 

12719 Thomas Clausen San Jose 

12720 Steve Booth Santa cruz 

12721 Brittney Goytia Santa cruz 

12722 William Wright Santa cruz 

12723 Drew Lewis Santa cruz 
709 


Insert offset folio 776 here 98942A.678

12724 Michael Flinger Santa cruz 

12725 Paula Garcia-Zuazua Santa cruz 

12726 Angela Ruelas Capitola 

12727 L Bermingham Capitola 

12728 Priscilla Fischer Aptos 

12729 Jim Higgins Martiniez 

12730 Levoda Louise Lescher Santa cruz 

12731 Luis Avila Capitola 

12732 Kelly O'neal Santa cruz 

12733 Brenda Martinez Capitola 

12734 Hailey Howell Capitola 

12735 Cory Bannister Capitola 

12736 Jeffrey Wallace Santa cruz 

12737 Chelsea Ram pone Watsonville 

12738 Antonia Trott Santa Cruz 

12739 Alex De my Santa Cruz 

127 40 Christian Wolfenbarger Santa Cruz 

12741 Chloe Newton Santa Cruz 

127 42 Ashley Flem Santa Cruz 

12743 Davin Pena Santa Cruz 

12744 Eisner Cowan San Francisco 

127 45 Jeremy Denis Fremont 

12746 Nandy Furber Ben Lomond 

12747 David Kastner Ben Lomond 

12748 Sue Webbs San Jose 

12749 Marlene Harden Redwood Esrates, LG 

12750 Doug Glover Shingle Springs 

12751 Mike Grasshuf Soquel 

12752 Paul Mercuri Hollister 

12753 Nikolas Collopy-Wilkelm Santa Cruz 

12754 Jonah Collopy-Wilkelm Santa Cruz 

12755 Kimba Perez Boulder Creek 

12756 Kyle Slavich Ben Lomond 

12757 Julie Kersey Aptos 

12758 Rikki Peterson Boulder Creek 

12759 Jon Dunn Boulder Creek 

12760 Nichole Murphy Boulder Creek 

12761 Chris Smith Soquel 

12762 Deborah Paoli Boulder Creek 
710 


Insert offset folio 777 here 98942A.679

12763 Liz Jackson Brookdale 

12764 Troy Tano Boulder Creek 

12765 Susan Mooney Boulder Creek 

12766 Nancy Haroy Santa Cruz 

12767 Paula Smith Santa Cruz 

12768 Britten Miles Santa Cruz 

12769 Julie Merrell Santa Cruz 

12770 Sarah Albertson Santa Cruz 

12771 Diana Mason Santa Cruz 

12772 Rachel Wolf Santa Cruz 

12773 Kristen Cameron Santa Cruz 

1277 4 Marcia Halcomb Santa Cruz 

12775 Tara Leonard Santa Cruz 

12776 Lee Drone Aptos 

12777 Anthony Herr Santa Cruz 

12778 James Hagler Santa Cruz 

12779 Michael Mora Aptos 

12780 Maryjo Koch Santa cruz 

12781 Shelly Garside Soquel 

12782 Carol Hanan Santa Cruz 

12783 Jan Janpanny Santa Cruz 

12784 Sheila Coonerty Santa Cruz 

12785 AI Ramirez San Clemente 

12786 Dan Le Anaheim 

12787 Joseph Goaymor Cypress 

12788 Michael Martinez Brea 

12789 Gerard Moira Orange 

12790 Michelle Marshall Huntington Beach 

12791 Anna Marshall Westminster 

12792 Aaron Carpender Laveaga 

12793 Cody Pardes Laguna Niguel 

12794 Nerrneen Mcbride Tustin 

12795 Jacob Ciurdy Mission Viejo 

12796 Christina Smith Oceanside 

12797 Daniel Song I !Vine 

12798 Stephen Ham nell San Clemente 

12799 Justin Blancett Downey 

12800 Susie Lara Lake 

12801 Samantha Watts-Bennett Downey 
711 


Insert offset folio 778 here 98942A.680

12802 Susie Lara Lake El Samone 

12803 Hermon Gonzalez Lak El Samone 

12804 Travis Johnson San Marcos 

12805 Billy Boyle Loba Linda 

12806 Courtney Kennedy Vista 

12807 early Nutson Upland 

12808 Jennifer Rodriguez Laguna Beach 

12809 Josh Brady Upland 

12810 Mindy Marburgler Irvine 

12811 Noima Veliz Hollister 

12812 Sonia Roman Salinas 

12813 Marisol Orozco Watsonville 

12814 Rosa Galvan Watsonville 

12815 Cindy Race Watsonville 

12816 Ivan Diaz Watsonville 

12817 Berna Diaz Watsonville 

12818 Kathy Leal Watsonville 

12819 Manlu Uveros Watsonville 

12820 Sandra Samudio Watsonville 

12821 Eleanor Markarian Santa Cruz 

12822 Andrew Church Santa Cruz 

12823 Anne McCallun Santa Cruz 

12824 Kenneth Sharer Aptos 

12825 Pamela Dewey Poughkeepsie, NY 

12826 Janice Sharer Aptos 

12827 Mike Sharer Aptos 

12828 Erin Wilkie Boulder Creek 

12829 Ingrid Vans peed Marina 

12830 Gerd Brendan Salinas 

12831 Chris Walls Mt Hermon 

12832 Tiffany Smith Mt. Hermon 

12833 Cade Harris Santa barbara 

12834 Cade EveriH Santa Cruz 

12835 Heather Richman Santa Cruz 

12836 Brett Mcwilliams HMB 

12837 Kevin McWilliams Scotts Valley 

12838 Nancy Haver Scotts Valley 

12839 Chrystal Maxey Santa Cruz 

12840 Mickey Blanchette Soquel 
712 


Insert offset folio 779 here 98942A.681

12841 David Lipsmeyer Aptos 

12842 Rachelle Frledman-Canzoner Hicksville 

12843 Bobby Canzoneri Hicksville 

12844 Raven Canzoneri Hicksville 

12845 Mike Mcdermott San Francisco 

12846 Jenn Figmon Santa Cruz 

12847 Bella Degalia Santa Cruz 

12848 Carol Retzert Lincoln City, OR 

12849 MaryJ Michaels Lincoln City, OR 

12850 Sheila Baptist Boulder Creek 

12851 Judith Milgram Boulder Creek 

12852 Chris Buck Boulder Creek 

12853 Karen Luna Sunnyvale 

12854 Becky Buster Santa Cruz 

12855 Mike Watson Felton 

12856 Sara Smith San Jose 

12857 Rebecca Landes Berkeley 

12858 Magna Furz Los Gatos 

12859 Debbie Randall Boulder Creek 

12860 Rick Randall Boulder Creek 

12861 Peg Hughes Scotts Valley 

12862 Ellen Obrien Santa Cruz 

12863 Kevin McWilliams Half Moon Bay 

12864 Cindy Parton Boulder Creek 

12865 Lori Webb Boulder Creek 

12866 Daniel Nelson Santa Cruz 

12867 Chinarose Stayskal Boulder Creek 

12868 Danna Dartenay Newport Beach 

12869 Noah Gould Aptos 

12870 Natasha Eastin Santa Cruz 

12871 Nicke Gryspes Santa Cruz 

12872 Sean Leary Boulder Creek 

12873 Steve Maurer Boulder Creek 

1287 4 Joseph Williams Boulder Creek 

12875 Janet Parker Santa Cruz 

12876 Diana Thayer Boulder Creek 

12877 Nick Fazzio Los Gatos 

12878 Jonah Fazzio Los Gatos 

12879 Sherry Fazzio Los Gatos 
713 


Insert offset folio 780 here 98942A.682

12880 Anthony Volkl Salinas 

12881 Jessica Mckillis Marina 

12882 Carl Kustin Boulder Creek 

12883 James Clark Boulder Creek 

12884 Shannon Rosenblat Boulder Creek 

12885 Michelle NS Santa Cruz 

12886 Chuck Sh-veev Boulder Creek 

12887 Jennifer Nanez Santa Cruz 

12888 Anthony Leonard Boulder Creek 

12889 Jose Galvan Boulder Creek 

12890 Tammy Galvan Boulder Creek 

12891 Elizabeth zampogna Boulder Creek 

12892 Donne Tunis Boulder Creek 

12893 Laver Ravdenbush Felton 

12894 JJ Webb Ben Lomond 

12895 Paula Sm~h Boulder Creek 

12896 Denis Klus Boulder Creek 

12897 Tsegereda Embaye Boulder Creek 

12898 Angela Van Gunkel Boulder Creek 

12899 Tony Van Gunkel Boulder Creek 

12900 Joshua Lewis Boulder Creek 

12901 Weton Phillips Boulder Creek 

12902 Lyndsey Blake Boulder Creek 

12903 Joseph Viaga Redwood city 

12904 Neil Kuhlmann Boulder Creek 

12905 Chrtsty Sanders Boulder Creek 

12906 Karen Lux on Santa Cruz 

12907 Dartene Yzaguirre Santa Cruz 

12908 Sharon Dean Myrtle Beach 

12909 Mary Childress Sunnyvale 

12910 John Childress Sunnyvale 

12911 LAcy Casteel Boulder Creek 

12912 Pamela Eriksson Boulder Creek 

12913 Jessica Hurst Boulder Creek 

12914 Peggy Alber Campbell 

12915 Alan Scott British columbia 

12916 Anaruth Hernandez Canta Clara 

12917 Maurice Barnum Los Gatos 

12918Lisa Davis Felton 
714 


Insert offset folio 781 here 98942A.683

12919 Marques Hunter Felton 

12920 Katrina Krayhun Gilroy 

12921 Sherry Holm Aptos 

12922 lisa Hoesing Santa Cruz 

12923 Kayla Hoesing Santa Cruz 

12924 lan Morris Boulder Creek 

12925 Bryan Garbo San Mateo 

12926 Noima Veliz Hamster 

12927 Sonia Roman Salinas 

12928 Marisol Orozco Watsonville 

12929 Rosa Galvan Watsonville 

12930 Cindy Race Watsonville 

12931 Ivan Diaz Watsonville 

12932 Bema Dias Watsonville 

12933 Kathy Leal Watsonvl!le 

12934 Manlu VAiveros Watsonville 

12935 Sandra Smudio Watsonville 

12936 Eleanor Markarian SantaCruz 

12937 Alexis Hall Sunnyvale 

12938 John Furte Santa Cruz 

12939 Phil Sara ntis Santa Cruz 

12940 Margret Gormal Santa Cruz 

12941 Keilh Knight Santa Cruz 

12942 Cheryl Feintech Aptos 

12943 Suna Lock Santa Cruz 

12944 Jen Hall Santa Cruz 

12945 Colin McEiibetry Pleasant Hill 

12946 Sheryl Ainsworth Scotts Valley 

12947 Eunice Vander Linden Scotts Valley 

12948 Pamela Ceglinski Los Altos 

12949 Wendy Lewis Palo Alto 

12950 Linda Roberts Scotts Valley 

12951 Bernadette Guthman Santa Cruz 

12952 Sandi Lewandowski Ben Lomand 

12953 Sharon Fiske! Ben lomand 

12954 Elizabeth Poser Scotts Valley 

12955 Carole Mongeau Felton 

12956 Diane Crawford Santa Cruz 

12957 Clare Campbell Felton 

12958 Maria Viten Felton 

12959 Dianne Evans Scotts Valley 

12960 Kirsten Commons Soquel 

12961 Brendan Groat Battle Ground 

12962 Hirobo Johnstone Santa Clara 
715 


Insert offset folio 782 here 98942A.684

12963 Keith Johnstone Santa Clara 

12964 Kevin Kannote Fremont 

12965 Chartes Coller Santa Cruz 

12966 Maya Paley Monterey 

12967 Alvin Quinol Monterey 

12968 Sarah Jaffe Scotts Valley 

12969 Rachel Groffie San Jose 

12970 German Vaca Santa Cruz 

12971 Sanlana Espinoza SaUnas 

12972 Amanda Frank Santa Cruz 

12973 Bill Alderman Santa Cruz 

12974 Nancy Elledge Capitola 

12975 Shannon Woods Santa Cruz 

12976 Steve Mondini Santa Cruz 

12977 Megan Kaysen Santa Cruz 

12978 Andrew Diez Santa Cruz 

12979 Adrian Made ron Santa Cruz 

12980 Jim Connery Santa Cruz 

12981 Noah Brooks Santa Cruz 

12982 Darcy Goulart Lodi 

12983 Shannon Pantoga Fargo, ND 

12984 Brandon Fitzpatrick San Jose 

12985 Ann Cowell San Jose 

12986 Ben Valenere Santa Cruz 

12987 Jordyn Hartley Santa Cruz 

12988 Anna Plozay Watsonville 

12989 Gabriel Davis Watsonville 

12990 Joanne Sanchez Watsonville 

12991 Frank Martinez Watsonville 

12992 Domingo Martinez Watsonville 

12993 Katie Roper Watsonville 

12994 Colleen Powers Watsonville 

12995 Lori Campbell Watsonville 

12996 Christi Suchil Watsonville 

12997 Vanessa Wilson Santa Cruz 

12998 Marco Ramirez Santa Cruz 

12999 Julio Frierix Santa Cruz 

13000 Vincent Oxen handler Santa Cruz 

13001 Eva Hunt SantaCruz 

13002 Kevin Schwanteleher Santa Cruz 

13003 Samantha Silva Santa Cruz 

13004 Cynthia Mendoza Monterey 

13005 Edelmira Mendoza Monterey 

13006 Jakob Duron Watsonville 

13007 Yesenia Jimenez Watsonville 

13008 Quetzalcoati Lira-Prado Santa Cruz 

13009 Alejandra Hernandez Watsonville 

13010 Scott Johnson Santa Cruz 

13011 Mina Cayrillo Santa Cruz 

13012 Chrissy Maclean Santa Cruz 

13013 Isabel Avelar Watsonville 

13014 Steve Lynch San Jose 

13015 Andrew Seidman Watsonville 

13016 Danny Lazzarini Watsonville 

13017 Anna Rick Pacific Grove 
716 


Insert offset folio 783 here 98942A.685

13018 Angie Garcia Watsonville 

13019 Melvina Anderson Watsonville 

13020 Chontell Buckman Watsonville 

13021 Gabriella Alvarez Watsonville 

13022 Wendy Mawlen Watsonville 

13023 Eli Giron Watsonville 

13024 Julieth Erickson Marina 

13025 Luz Quezada Watsonville 

13026 Julia Erickson Seaside 

13027 Alannah Perdergrass Marina 

13028 Leonardo Fernandez Watsonville 

13029 Joshua Perdergrass Marina 

13030 Carla Gonzalez Santa Cruz 

13031 Angelica Navarro Watsonville 

13032 Karen Chavez Watsonville 

13033 Rosendo Garcia Watsonville 

13034 Gina Gill Watsonville 

13035 Robert Pierce Watsonville 

13036 Briann Alamillo Watsonville 

13037 Jamie Benen Santa Cruz 

13038 Ofelia Lopez Watsonville 

13039 Favia Gera Watsonville 

13040 Amanea Bloom Oakland 

13041 Zylen Cornett Watsonville 

13042 Larry Friedman Santa Cruz 

13043 Alan Hicks Aptos 

13044 Rebecca Lomeli San Jose 

13045 Jose Herrera Salinas 

13046 Charlie Cortes Salinas 

13047 Destinee Castro Salinas 

13048 Elijah Seepleton Salinas 

13049 Melissa Rodriguez Aptos 

13050 Jeremiah Brender Watsonville 

13051 T. Meier Santa Cruz 

13052 Jesus Gama Cordardes Watsonville 

13053 Conchita Gonzalez Salinas 

13054 Crystal Castaneda Watsonville 

13055 Amber Cortes Capitola 

13056 Blanden Klassele Capitola 

13057 Veronica Ferreya Gilroy 

13058 Dave Romero Santa Cruz 

13059 Michael Finelli Santa Cruz 

13060 Altnatt Byrne Gilroy 

13061 Cheyenne Dolin Santa Cruz 

13062 Jordon AlbanVallat Santa Cruz 

13063 Laura Zward Roseville 

13064 Jose Garcia Watsonville 

13065 Denise Barr Santa Cruz 

13066 Eva Georgiana Santa Cruz 

13067 Thomas Jameson Santa Cruz 

13068 Evan Diola Santa Cruz 

13069 Anthony Godinez Watsonville 

13070 Amold Graccia Watsonville 

13071 Tranh Alue Freedom 

13072 Derek Toepper Santa Cruz 
717 


Insert offset folio 784 here 98942A.686

13073 Tyler Neil Santa Cruz 

13074 Nancy Saville Scotts Valley 

13075 Paula Cardoza ScoHs Valley 

13076 Cathy Lee Livermore 

13077 Faith LaJeunesse Prunedale 

13078 Cynthia Jarvis Ben Lomond 

13079 John CaWINOn Soquel 

13080 nm DuClos Los Gatos 

13081 Beth Hornbeck Capitola 

13082 Peter Julber Capitola 

13083 Elaine Pink:.ernell Watsonville 

13084 Kelly Harold SantaCruz 

13085 Norman McGee Aptos 

13086 Quinn Dudley Santa Cruz 

13087 Sal Calderon Soquel 

13088 Anna Neff Santa Cruz 

13089 Tony Gemigniani Capitola 

13090 Cristine Gomez Watsonville 

13091 Tracey Brookshier Capitola 

13092 Anne Baldzikowski Santa Cruz 

13093 Kathleen Chasey Soquel 

13094 Gerre Jones Santa Cruz 

13095 Harry Gurnee Aptos 

13096 Victor Sanchez Santa Cruz 

13097 Stephen McConn Santa Cruz 

13098 Emily Lohnberg Santa Cruz 

13099 Frank Gomez Santa Cruz 

13100 Jennifer Webb Capitola 

13101 Jason Webb Capitola 

13102 Kathleen Hodgson Santa Cruz 

13103 Barbara Wayman indiana 

13104 Rafael Nessbaum Santa Cruz 

13105 Caroline Simmons Santa Cruz 

13106 Harinder Dadda Oakland 

13107 Shane Podratz Santa Cruz 

13108 James Turner Watsonville 

13109 Mark Bibbo SantaCruz 

13110 David Groat Battle Ground, WA 

13111 Nadia Naral SantaCruz 

13112 Megan Nijmer SantaCruz 

13113 Patrick Egan SantaCruz 

13114 Eric Bolin SantaCruz 

13115 Alexis Bolin Santa Cruz 

13116 Elena Russell Santa Monica 

13117 AJ vemet Santa Monica 

13118 Stephen Lew Santa Cruz 

13119 Marina Garcia Berkeley 

13120 Marshall Keneipp Santa Cruz 

13121 Ron Currie Santa Cruz 

13122 Paolo Tedone Barcelona, Spain 

13123 Patricia Marcalda New York 

13124 lsa Muller Saarbrucken, Germany 

13125 Sarah Glom mer Santa Cruz 

13126 Kara Pellowe Providence, Rl 

13127 Kai Kopecky Santa Cruz 
718 


Insert offset folio 785 here 98942A.687

13128 Daniel Mendeezy Santa Cruz 

13129 Erica Moya Soquel 

13130 Angela Aguilar Santa Cruz 

13131 Lyla Vargas Soquel 

13132 Rafael Gutierrez Gonzales 

13133 Joe Ferguson Aptos 

13134 Cherie Hanson Capitola 

13135 Cecily Ruttenberg Santa Cruz 

13136 Todd Riddle Scotts Valley 

13137 Michelle Riddle Scotts Valley 

13138 Matt Bird Santa Cruz 

13139 Gaylene Gaona Santa Cruz 

13140 Jonah Watson Aptos 

13141 Hannah Shehorn San Jose 

13142 Halley Shehorn San Jose 

13143 James Shehorn San Jose 

13144 Gary Shehorn Santa Cruz 

13145 Steven Brown San Jose 

13146 Annemarie F. Brown San Jose 

13147 Toby Lauterbach Carmel 

13148 Jan Gaudette Santa Cruz 

13149 Debra Ortiz Felton 

13150 Elinor Wapner Boulder Creek 

13151 Clay Ramsey Santa Cruz 

13152 Doug Jones SantaCruz 

13153 Michelle Zenda Capitola 

13154 John McSorley Santa Cruz 
719 


Insert offset folio 786 here 98942A.688

TESTIMONY 

Matthew Drake, CEO Mt. Hood Meadows Oreg., LLC 

Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act S. 2069 

October 8, 2015 

Mr. Chairman, Members of the Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forest and Mining: 

For the record, my name is Matthew Drake, I am the Chairman and Chief Executive 

Officer ofMt. Hood Meadows, Oregon, LLC. We are a privately held company that 

operates two ski resorts in the Mt. Hood National Forest under Special Use permits 

with the US Forest Service. 

We are a party to the Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange. We have worked 

hard to implement the letter and spirit of Section 1206 (F) of Public law 111-11, the 

Omnibus Public Lands Management Act of2009. After years of unwarranted delay, 

I am here today to ask for your help to get this important land exchange "unstuck", 

to clarify the key elements of the legislation and to give us traction to obtain the 

public interest benefits of the original legislation passed 85 months ago. 

Today I urge you to approve S. 2069, corrective legislation which will eliminate 

certain impediments to achieving a successful exchange as contemplated by the 

Omnibus Public Land Management Act of 2009, passed by the United States Senate 

on March 19,2009 and signed into law by the President on March 30th 2009- over 

six and one-half years ago. 

In the 340 weeks since the Passage of Public Law 111-11 when the Mount Hood 

Cooper Spur Land Trade was made the law of the land, a series of delays in the 

implementation of this Act have resulted in the consequential loss of the benefits to 

the citizens of Oregon and our fragile natural environment on Mt. Hood. The 

aspirations of local businesses, governments and citizens have been denied as a 

result of unaccountable delays well beyond our control. 

Section 1206 (F) of Public Law 111-11 of March 30th 2009 states: 

"Deadline for Completion of Land Exchange - It is the intent of the Congress 

that the land exchange under this subsection shall be completed not later than 

16 months after the date of enactment of this Act." 
720 


Insert offset folio 787 here 98942A.689

That statutory date for completion was July 30th 2010. Over five years have passed 

since the date Congress intended for the Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange 

to be completed, yet the prospects for completing the exchange are still in the 

uncertain future. 

By passing the Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act, we can 

eliminate serious potential transactional barriers to the exchange and make more 

efficient the implementation of the original 2009 Act without contradiction of the 

spirit or purpose of this original legislation. 

The Clarification Act will eliminate unnecessary duplicative Forest Service 

oversight of activities on wetlands to be transferred to Mt. Hood Meadows, activities 

that are already subject to extensive regulation by local, State and Federal agencies. 

It will provide a solid legal footing for modifying the land areas subject to exchange 

in order to account for potential imbalances in the appraised values of the exchange 

properties. The Clarification Act establishes revised aggressive, but doable, time 

lines for completing the exchange. Also, it solves a potential procedural problem by 

assuring the "ripeness" of an appraisal during the course of the required NEP A 

analysis. Finally, the Clarification Act provides for public review of the appraisals 

of the exchange properties. 

I wish to thank Senator Wyden for his leadership, vision and temerity in sponsoring 

this Clarification Act. He is the original architect of an important compromise, 

balancing the needs and aspirations of all of the stakeholders on Mt. Hood who hold 

dear the values of environmental stewardship and public planning which protect and 

honor Oregon's scenic icon, Mt. Hood. 

We thank Senator Merkley for co-sponsoring this important corrective legislation 

and working with all parties to identify and advance solutions. We are truly fortunate 

to have two United States Senators who have joined together to sponsor this 

critically important legislation. 

You will hear the support of many others to pass this clarification and implement the 

Mt. Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange as expeditiously as possible. I am joined in 

my support for this legislation by environmental organizations, local governments, 

2 
721 


Insert offset folio 788 here 98942A.690

members of our tourism industry and many other stakeholders on Mt. Hood who 

embrace the vision ofthis land exchange and have been waiting for a long time, too 

long, to enjoy the benefits of the Mt. Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange. 

I respectfully ask for your support in advancing this corrective legislation, S. 2069. 

Matthew Drake 

Chief Executive Officer 

Mt. Hood Meadows 

3 
722 


Insert offset folio 789 here 98942A.691

3/2/2015 

To: Alabama Hills Stewardship Group, Inc. (AHSG) 

The Eastern Sierra 4x4 Club supports the activities of the ASHG and is in support 

of the recently introduced House and Senate bills (HR496 and the California 

Desert and Recreation Act of 2015/Title XIX- Alabama Hills National Scenic Area) 

designating the Alabama Hills a National Scenic Area. 

President 
723 


Insert offset folio 790 here 98942A.692

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Hello, 

Barbara Erickson <gvobarbara@gmail.com> 

Saturday, October 17, 2015 2:53PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Petersburg Landless 

I am a Petersburg Tlingit descendant 

and I write to you urging you to get 

this Landless Bill passed. 

Our people have been denied for 

40+ years through no fault of our 

own. Many of my elders have not 

lived long enough to see this day; 

although they were in the original 

registration for ANCSA. 

On behalf of my elders, family, and 

community members, I write to you 

to give my support that this be done. 

Thank you, 

Barbara Erickson, President 

ANSCamp #16 

Petersburg, Alaska 
724 


Insert offset folio 791 here 98942A.693

*

:!;-a 

~ 

{; 

v 

October 71 :1.015 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. :1.0510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden1 Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C.:1.0510 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden, 

I write in strong support of 5. 19711 the California Coastal National Monument 

Expansion Act which is scheduled for a legislative hearing in your Subcommittee on 

October 81 :1.015. This important legislation will permanently protect over 61ooo acres 

of public lands along the California coast, including the Cotoni-Coast Dairies 

property in Santa Cruz County, which is located in my Congressional District. 

The California Coastal National Monument was created in :1.ooo by President 

Clinton and today it permanently protects over 1.01ooo offshore rocks and islands 

along California's I1xoo-mile coast. Last year, President Obama added the Point 

Arena-Stometta Unit in Mendocino County as the first on-shore unit of the 

California Coastal National Monument. S.1971 would add several new jewels to this 

coastal crown. 

The 518oo-acre Cotoni-Coast Dairies ranch is located near the coastal town of 

Davenport, eight miles north of the City of Santa Cruz. This picturesque land 

stretches from Highway 1 into the Santa Cruz Mountains and is home to six 

watersheds, several endangered species, rolling coastal terraces1 5oo acres of redwood 

forest, and several Native American archaeological sites. 
725 


Insert offset folio 792 here 98942A.694

The name Cotoni-Coast Dairies honors the tribe that inhabited the land prior to 

European contact, as well as the land's modem history as a dairy. After the dairy 

folded in the 195os, private development of luxury homes was proposed on the land, as 

well as a nuclear power plant. Thankfully, the ranch was acquired by Save the 

Redwoods league with funding from the Packard Foundation in 19981 and was 

donated to the U.S. Bureau of land Management IBLM) last year. National 

Monument status for the land will increase conservation attention on its ecological 

and cultural resources, and will allow this publicly-owned land to be responsibly 

opened to the public for the first time in over 100 years. 

S.1971 is nearly identical to H. R 35651 which I introduced in the House of 

Representatives with my coUeagues Congresswoman Lois Capps and Congressman 

Jared Huffman. I've worked closely with Senator Boxer on this legislation to ensure it 

includes the important suggestions of the local community in Santa Cruz County. In 

particular, this legislation specifically requires the BLM to develop a management 

plan with public and intergovernmental input that ensures safe public access to the 

property. To facilitate this process, the bill requires the Secretary of Interior to appoint 

Advisory Councils made up of local residents to aid in developing and implementing 

the management plan. 

The proposal of National Monument status for the Cotoni-Coast Dairies lands has 

been endorsed by thousands of local residents; California Governor Jerry Brown; the 

Santa Cruz County Board of Supervisors; the cities of Santa Cruz, Scotts Valley, 

Capitola, and WatsonviUe in Santa Cruz County; local Native American tribes; and 

dozens of local businesses and nonprofit organizations. The other parcels included in 

S. 19711 including those in Humboldt and San Luis Obispo counties, also have 

substantial support in their respective communities. 

l'm pleased that your Subcommittee is considering this important legislation, and I 

hope it will enjoy swift passage. Thank you in advance for your full and fair 

consideration of this bill. 
726 


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Senator John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Senator Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden, 

My name is Steve Fish and I am a commercial fisherman in Sitka, Alaska. I am writing to you 

today about Senate Bill 872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

Recognition and Compensation Act, which is due to be heard before the subcommittee on 

which you sit on Thursday, Oct 8. I strongly urge you to reject the bill as it currently stands. 

I am a long-time resident of Southeast Alaska and consider the Tongass National Forest my 

home. The Tongass belongs to all of us. It is public land. I fish along Tongass streams, am an 

avid hiker ofTongass trails, and hunt Sitka Black-tail deer along Tongass mountainsides. I 

depend on the salmon and other fish that depend on healthy streams and stable conservative 

management of the forest in order to thrive. I use and depend on the Tongass every day and 

am deeply invested in its future. 

Senate Bill 872, as it currently stands, is a land grab. It is an attempt to transfer federal land, 

which has more stringent protections, to private land. Under the current version of this bill, 

new village corporations will be able to "preference ... land with commercial purposes." This 

means these new corporations will be able to choose the most economically profitable land 

across the Tongass, regardless of its proximity and historical connection to the community in 

question. These lands, which will most likely be logged, could come out of National Park 

land like Glacier Bay and National Wilderness Areas like Admiralty Island and Misty Fjords. 

Previous acts of Congress protected these valuable lands and stated they should be made offlimits to possible selections. It would be a grave mistake to put these lands once again on the 

selection table. 

Last year, with the finalizing of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Senator 

Murkowski said herself that the federal government had finish paying "The debt we owe 

Natives for the settlement of their aboriginal land claim." So why does she continue to push 

for more federal land to be transferred into private hands? 

The Tongass National Forest is an area protected for all of us and is managed to represent a 

broad set of values. Privatization, of this form, jeopardizes this and shifts the management 

goals to a solely economic development focus. 

Please keep Tongass National Forest land public so that all Americans can continue to enjoy 

its benefits for generations to come. 

Sincerely, 

Steve Fish 

P.O. Box 6448 Sitka, AK 99835 
727 


Insert offset folio 794 here 98942A.696

October 13, 2015 

Darla Ripchenski 

Chief Clerk 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Ms. Ripchenski, 

I am writing in support of S. 872, "The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act." The bill would finally bring 

justice to the Alaska Natives and Tribal members in five different communities: 

Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee and Wrangell. Alaska Natives from these 

communities were inexplicably left out of the Alaska Native Claims Settle Act 

(ANCSA) of 1971, even though their aboriginal land rights based on generations of 

occupancy and use were supposedly extinguished by Congress in ANCSA. 

I include this link because is uses most of the documented works of Wrangell's 

history. 

http://www.akherpsociet;y.org/Stikine%20Results/Shtax'heen%20Kwaan%20.pdf 

S.872 would right a nearly 50 year old wrong by recognizing the value of our claims 

by establishing urban corporations for these Alaska Natives and provide a process 

for them to receive the same amount of land, approximately 23,000 acres other 

similarly situated Native villages received under ANCSA. 

This injustice has had its consequences, especially to the Alaska Natives from those 

communities who have endured them. The communities have not been able to build 

their economies based on the operations and land of these would-be corporations. 

Shareholders have not had the opportunities for scholarships, jobs, directorships 

and other benefits ANCSA corporations provided. Those are the tangible losses, but 

the opportunity costs are immeasurable, for example: Being elected as a director, 

which leads to other board positions with state and local governments which 

ultimately works into being elected to the State House or Senate. Not returning the 

land base to these communities has significantly altered their economic course. 

The time has come, the land sought is minimal compared to the vastness of the 

Tongass National Forest, and it is the right, just action to take, please pass S.872. 

Bradley J. Fluetsch 

5730 North Douglas Hwy 

Juneau, AK 99801 

(907)321-2723 

bjf@gci.net 
728 


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Ms. Darla Ripchensky 

Senate Energy Committee 

Washington, D. C. 

Joyce N. Freiberg 

490 Alger Drive 

Palo Alto, Ca 94306 

October 16, 2015 

Re: 872 Umecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation 

Act 

Dear Ms. Ripchensky, 

First, my gratitude goes to Ms. Murkowski and Mr. Sullivan and the many others today 

who had the determination and vision to bring this bill to this point. 

Second, my grandmother Jessie Bell Rinehart, an early member to the Alaska Native 

Sisterhood in Wrangell, Alaska, and my mother, Myrtle Bell Rinehart Noble, still living today 

and approaching her 102 birthday in a couple of weeks, is very proud of her roots and the Alaska 

Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) that recognized our rights, aboriginal 

rights, over our land. However, it was a shock to our family and to the Five Native Communities 

of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell that they were not listed under the 

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. It was more than an oversight. 

The present Act R.872 is a good step in the right direction, and for that I am grateful to 

see that the Five Landless Communities are now included in what should have been our 

participation in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act. To make full rights, my view is that 

R872 be accepted with the following amendment, and that is to give directly, to convey directly. 

1 township of usable land (23,040 acres) to each of the Five Landless Haines, Ketchikan, 

Petersburg, Tanakee and Wrangell. Furthermore, the surface and subsurface rights would be part 

of that conveyance directly to the Five Landless of Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tanakee, and 

Wrangell. 

So, I urge the Senate Energy Committee to amend the wording to R872 to convey the one 

township of usable land (23,040 acres) as well as the surface and subsurface rights ofland 

directly to each of the Five Landless, Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell. 

All else in the Act are acceptable to me. Again, it is a pleasure to see all the effort that went into 

this act and claim of the Five Landless finally recognized. Thank you. 

Respectfully yours, 

Joyce Noble Freiberg 
729 


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October 6, 2015 

The Honorable Maria cantwell 

Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

United States Senate 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator cantwell, 

I am writing in support of S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument 

Expansion Ad and to ask for your leadership to secure the highest level of 

protection for the national treasures that surround the Piedras Blancas 

Lighthouse. 

Friends of the Elephant Seal is a not-for-profit, 501(c)3, organization dedicated 

to the preservation of the Piedras Blancas Elephant Seal Colony for ecological, 

educational, scientific, historic or scenic opportunities. Our docents-a cadre of 

nearly 100 volunteer guides-have interpreted seal behavior for rookery visitors 

since 1997. 

A 2005 agreement between the State of california and Hearst Corporation 

made the entire six miles of rookery beaches part of Hearst San Simeon State 

Park. In 2011, Friends of the Elephant Seal became a Cooperating Association 

with the california Department of Parks and Recreation. Our docents now 

serve in the Piedras Blancas Northern Elephant Seal Rookery as california State 

Parks Volunteers. 

Hearst San Simeon State Park was brought into the Piedras Blancas 

Outstanding Natural Area under provisions of the 2008 Consolidated Natural 

Resources Ad and is jointly managed under Cooperating Agreements signed by 

the Bureau of Land Management and the California Department of Parks and 

Recreation. 

FRIENDS OF THE ELEPHANT SEAL • P 0 BOX 490 · CAMBRIA CA 93428 · 805.924.1628 

fes@elephantseal.org www.elephantseal.org 
730 


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These Cooperating Agreements represent the current status of efforts to protect 

this area. A single property owner acted as steward of this land with exemplary 

range management practices for over 100 years prior to 1992 when the birth of 

a single elephant seal pup signaled the beginning of the rookery. The current 

population of the colony is more than 23,000 with more than 5,000 births 

recorded in each of the last several years. 

Through the intervening years, financial and staff support to protect this 

precious resource was given by the County of San Luis Obispo, the State of 

California, the Federal Government, rookery visitors and 700 enthusiastic 

members that make annual donations. 

Current annual attendance records are "officiallyt' listed as 750,000. Many of us 

with frequent observation experience believe the actual number is much higher. 

We strongly believe the numbers will increase in the future. 

The elephant seal rookery is family friendly with friendly docents and no fees. 

It is ADA accessible and is open to the public 365 days each year. It is a 

tremendous resource for all and speaks silently, especially to the foreign 

visitors, to the character of Americans with regard to environmental-issues. 

Thank you for your consideration. 

Sincerely, 

G~u;:&Cb~ 

David Bauer, President 

Cc: Senator Murkowski 

FRIENDS OF THE ELEPHANT SEAL • P 0 BOX 490 · CAMBRIA CA 93428 · 805.924.1628 

fes@elephantseal.org www.elephantseat.org 
731 


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September 27, 2015 

Senator Dianne Feinstein 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Feinstein and StaffFriends Of Joshua Tree want to express our support for the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015 being put in front of Congressional committees in the coming 

weeks/months. We recognize the proposed legislation as thoughtful, well-crafted and important 

to the recreation economy that is so reliant on pristine and unique natural areas. 

The California desert areas represented in the bill (Death Valley, Joshua Tree, Mojave Trails, 

Alabama Hills, etc .•. ) are some of the most unique and valuable wild places in the country. They 

draw explorers from all over the world. Managing them with an eye toward sustainable tourism 

and recreation is wise, and we stand with you ready to help bring this vision into reality. 

Thank you for representing this thoughtful approach to public lands management, and please 

do include us in future communications as this vision becomes part of California's world-class 

citizen and visitor offering. 

Kenjl Haroutunian 

President, Friends Of Joshua Tree 

P.O. Box 739, Joshua Tree, CA 92252 

Support Letter Desert Conservation Act 2015 from FOJT to Senator Feinstein 1 
732 


Insert offset folio 800 here 98942A.702

jania Garcia 

621 NW ,1,8• St.• Seattle WA 98107 • 206.399.2606 

jruJ_gan·ia@IJolmail.com 

October 12, 2015 

Darla Ripchenski, Chief Clerk 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senators of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 

I am writing urging your support of legislation that will correct a wrong that has 

adversely impacted five or our traditional native villages in Southeast Alaska. I 

urge you to support S.872 introduced by Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, 

entitled "the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition 

and Compensation Act". 

We can only speculate about the forces at work at the time of the Alaska Native 

Claims Settlement Act in 1971 that prevented the inclusion of Haines, Tenakee, 

Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan, but you now have the opportunity to 

correct the mistake. 

The exclusion of these five communities has caused unnecessary economic and 

social hardship. We are all connected. The hardships suffered by fellow tribal 

citizens have impacted all of us. For over 40 years we have supported the efforts 

to have this wrong corrected and now with S.872 I urge you to see that it comes 

to pass. All the residents of these five communities will benefit from its passage. 

I urge you to support S.872. Thank you. 

Sincerely, , , 

~~~ Jania Garcia 
733 


Insert offset folio 801 here 98942A.703

Glide Wildflower Show Council Testimony 

in support of the 

Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act of2015 (Senate Bill1448) 

Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, l<'orests and Mining 

October 8, 2015 

The Glide Wildflower Show has for fifty years worked to educate the general public about the 

value and importance of native plants, primarily through the annual display of native flora. On 

this occasion, we strongly support efforts to honor a great steward and advocate of the North 

Umpqua River region, Frank Moore, as well as his wife and life partner, Jeanne Moore, by 

designating the Frank and Jeanne Moore Wild Steelhead and Botanical Sanctuary. 

Frank Moore is a World War II veteran who served in every major battle of the European 

theater, a fisherman and inn proprietor who introduced thousands of world-wide visitors to the 

unique natural environment of the North Umpqua, and a conservationist who has worked 

tirelessly for many decades to protect the health of the river, its tributaries, its fish, and the flora 

and fauna of its entire watershed. 

Frank's achievements are not diminished as we recognize what he himself acknowledges: that 

they were possible only because Jeanne Moore worked by his side with the same love of the 

North Umpqua and the same passion for sharing it with others and preserving it for posterity. 

Together they conceived and established the Steamboat Inn; together they greeted guests from 

around the world and introduced them to the region's natural treasures; together they found ways 

to spotlight threats to the area's unique natural values and work for solutions. When we honor 

Frank, we must also honor Jeanne. 

While Frank's passion is fish, Jeanne's is flowers. About fifty years ago, she began to spend time 

in the North Umpqua forests discovering their tremendously varied plants. She learned botany in 

order to better know the flora, and today her botanical knowledge of plants from throughout 

Oregon rivals that of professors at Oregon State University, with whom she regularly exchanges 

observations. 

In the 1970s, Jeanne became concerned about the preservation of a rare population of 

Kalmiopsis fragrans, a wild rhododendron ancestor growing near Limpy Rock. Just as Jeanne 

supported Frank in his work for fish habitat, he also supported her botanical work. Over several 

years, their team surveyed the area, discovered the chlorophyll-less Pityopus californicus which 

had not been seen in Oregon for 80 years, collected two volumes of botanical data, educated 

Congressmen and legislative staff, and achieved the establishment of the Limpy Rock Research 

Natural Area just outside the proposed sanctuary. Since then, the area's unique species have 

been the focus of professional botanical investigation. 

Jeanne began working with the Glide Wildflower Show in the 1960s, when the show displayed 

flora of the North Umpqua region. Through her knowledge and guidance, the show has grown to 

display flora from all of southwest Oregon, the largest annual display of native flora in the 

Pacific Northwest. Almost 90, she still serves as council chair. Because of her knowledge, 
734 


Insert offset folio 802 here 98942A.704

passion, and dedication, many thousands of people, including several generations of 

schoolchildren, have learned to appreciate the beauty, diversity, and importance of native plants. 

The approximately 104,000 acres proposed for this sanctuary encompass not only some of the 

best remaining wild steelhead spawning areas but also their watershed late-successional and 

old growth forests with a rich diversity of plant life, from towering trees to ephemeral 

wildflowers to soil-emiching fungi. Oregon State University's Oregon Flora Project, a 

comprehensive database of Oregon's vascular plants, has tallied within the sanctuary boundaries 

760 native species or subspecies. The list includes eight protected species, Kalmiopsis fragrans, 

and Pityopus californicus. Thus, the sanctuary is a region of not only extraordinary fish habitat 

but also extraordinary plant life. 

While we enthusiastically join the many local and state voices in strong support of the Frank 

Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act (S. 1448), we urge that it be expanded to the Frank and 

Jeanne Moore Wild Steelhead and Botanical Sanctuary Act. We urge Congress and the President 

to join Sen. Wyden and Merkley to enact the designation expeditiously into law. 

Nancy Tague 

Dianne Muscarello 

for the Glide Wildflower Show Council 
735 


Insert offset folio 804 here 98942A.706

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Communit_y 

Senate Energy & Natural Resource Committee 

attn: darla ripchensky@energy.senate.gov 

david brooks@energy.senate.gov 

Re: S. 872, 8.1955 

22 October 2015 

Please consider the following comments on the above referenced legislation from the 

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Community (GSACC, pronounced, "gee-sak".) 

GSACC was established as a regional environmental organization in 2011 to defend and 

promote the biological integrity of Southeast Alaska's terrestrial, freshwater, and marine 

ecosystems for the benefit of current and future generations. gsacc.net 

8.872: Straw Man Fallacies 

The falsehoods of this legislation begin with the very first word of its Title: 

"Unrecognized." The so-called, "Landless Communities" were fully recognized, fully 

vetted for standing, and found ineligible for Village Corporate status on numerous 

grounds. 

Paragraph 6 of S.872 cites: 

"the southeastern Alaska Communities of Haines, Ketchikan Petersburg, Tenakee 

and Wrangell are not listed under the Act as communities eligible to form Village 

or Urban Corporations even though the population of those villages comprise 

greater than 20 percent of the shareholders of the Regional Corporation for 

Southeast Alaska and display historic, cultural, and traditional qualities of Alaska 

Natives;" 

To begin with, all Alaska Natives of southeast Alaska as US citizens are already public 

co-owners of, while residing adjacent to, the lands of the Tongass National Forest. As 

such, these resident Natives possess the full rights of participation in the public processes 

of management decisions; are already enjoying the full rights of access to these public 

lands for Native customary and traditional subsistence gathering of plant materials, fish 

and game; for personal recreational uses; for firewood gathering and personal free use of 

up to 10,000 board ft. of timber annually; and as beneficiaries of proceeds derived from 

management activities of national forest lands of southeast Alaska. 
736 


Insert offset folio 805 here 98942A.707

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Communit!j 

Secondly, paragraph 6 obscures the fact that the purpose of establishing the regional 

corporations in ANCSA was to finalize outstanding Native Claims of the 20 percent or 

more who did not reside in federally recognized villages. 

As such, S. 872 fallaciously obscures the fact that these so-called "Landless" have 

already been afforded monetary compensation and land-based shareholder status and as 

such are already beneficiaries of dividends derived from lands allotments of the Regional 

corporation. The very term "Landless" is then, a twice-debunked logical fallacy. 

S. 872 and S. 1955: Exploitation through Privatization and Deregulation Agendas 

The intentions of Senators Murkowski and Sullivan to use this straw man argument to 

justify further large scale privatization of public lands of the Tongass National Forest are 

(photo caption: Google Earth satellite image rendering, altitude> 10,000 ft., of State of Alaska-approved, 

recent Native Corporate logging on Dalllsland, southern southeast Alaska) 

transparent. Their shameless disregard for unsustainable levels of state-approved, 

industrial-scale logging and the ensuing ecological and cultural depredations of past and 

present Native Corporate abuses is staggering. 

2 
737 


Insert offset folio 806 here 98942A.708

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Communit_y 

(photo caption: State-approved, Sealaska Timber Corporation logging on Kupreanoflsland, central 

southeast Alaska) 

The purpose of ANCSA was to settle lands claims -- not to perpetually avail opportunistic 

politicians using proxies for the purposes of advancing privatization agendas of federally 

owned and managed public lands. However, history speaks for itself. 

The Pandora's Box of ANCSA was opened with the passage of the Sealaska Legislation 

enabled by the unilateral endorsement of a regional environmental conservation 

organization which approved the terms of the bill's quid pro quo. The terms of that QPQ 

were small conservation designations traded for the passage of a revised Sealaska bill. 

The Sealaska Legislation itself, is perceived by many as an unseemly, (underlying a 

second) quid pro quo by Senator Murkowski, in exchange for the contributions of a 

Native PAC central to preserving Senator Murkowski's senate seat after having lost in the 

Republican Primaries. This Pandora's Box of cynical opportunism and sordid 

machinations must be closed once and for all by quashing in committee, both S.872 and 

S.l955. 

ANCSA's Unintended Consequences 

Against Culture 

Ethnologist, Dr. Kirk Dombrowski, in his published dissertation, "Against Culture: 

Development, Politics, and Religion in Indian Alaska," 1 lived with families in three 

1 2001 Kirk Dombrowski Against Culture Development, Politics and Religion in Indian Alaska. University of 

Nebraska Press, 247 pp. 

3 
738 


Insert offset folio 807 here 98942A.709

Greater Southeast Alaska Conservation Communit_y 

Native villages of Southeast Alaska over the course of several years. Through a series of 

interviews and extensive research, Dombrowski documented in part, the consequences 

of ANCSA Native corporate clear cut logging of rural village landscapes, on rural 

residents and Native culture. Dombrowski's observations concluded the loss of access to 

subsistence resources and the ability to pursue the subsistence lifestyle precluded the 

basis for, "what it means to be Native." The ability to practice a subsistence lifestyle was 

found to be inextricably linked to customary and traditional Native culture, personal 

identity, and food security. 

Based upon Dombrowski, et a!. and other published peer reviewed research, there is 

unquestionably, a significant spectrum of negative externalities and cultural consequences 

(imposed on Native and non-Natives, alike) associated with the rural residents' loss of 

access to subsistence resources. 

The economic consequences include the trademark "boom-bust" cycle of colonial-style 

resource extraction. This routinely leads to economic instability in rural communities 

imposed by the "timber economy." This typically includes social dislocation of families 

as the out-migration of young adult community residents seek stable employment and a 

higher quality of life elsewhere. Also at stake for the individual, the family unit, and 

entire community, is the loss of demonstrated health benefits of the subsistence lifestyle, 

subsistence diet, and increased longevity; increased self esteem resulting from the ability 

of providing healthy food for oneself and family; and the social cohesion through sharing 

of subsistence resources with community residents no longer physically capable of such 

activities. 

In Conclusion 

It is for these reasons of environmental justice and many more tied to the public trust and 

its best interests, that we urge you to vote against the passage of these transparent land 

grabs, and by doing so, help to restore the public confidence in the integrity of our 

systems of governance. 

Respectfully, 

David Beebe 

GSACC president, Board of Directors 

4 
739 


Insert offset folio 808 here 98942A.710

HooD RIVER CouNTY ADMINISTRATION 

• 

BOARDOF 

• COMMISSIONERS 

:D:::••:::•o::M=••::•W:.:ETH=E":!-' C::o::u:::NTY:.:_:::A::::oM:::':::"'.::'TR.:::•:::ro:::•:.______________ RON RIVERS· CHAIR 

601 State Street. Hood River, OR 97031 • (541) 386-3970· FAX (541) 386-9392 KAR£NJOPUN·D!STRICTNO. 1 

MAUl MEYER DISTRICT NO 2 

BOB BENTON· DISTRICT NO.3 

USP~RK!NS ·DISTRICT NO 4 

Before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining 

Hearing on S. 2069; Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act 

October 8, 2015 

Hood River County, Oregon, expresses thanks to Senator Wyden and the 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining for the opportunity to submit 

testimony in support ofS. 2069. A significant portion of the lands involved in this 

exchange are situated within Hood River County, and for many years we have 

been actively engaged in the events and collaborative efforts that have led to 

consideration of the matter before you. 

In 200 I, Hood River County engaged in a forest land exchange with Mt. Hood 

Meadows LLC. That exchange was not without controversy, and subsequent 

litigation challenging the exchange ultimately compelled the parties to engage in 

extensive mediation to settle the dispute. The result of that process was a landmark 

agreement reached in July, 2005. 

Terms of the mediated agreement called for the exchange of certain Mt Hood 

Meadows properties in Hood River County for U.S. Forest Service property in 

Government Camp, Oregon (Clackamas County). The proposed exchange would 

enable Meadows to appropriately develop the property in Government Camp, 

while the property obtained by the Forest Service in Hood River County would be 

protected and enhanced, including iconic forests and the Crystal Springs drinking 

watershed. The parties then worked in collaboration to secure congressional 

support for this exchange. Senator Wyden, Congressman Blumenauer and 

Congressman Walden provided bipartisan leadership that resulted in inclusion of 

the gist of the mediated agreement within the Omnibus Public Lands Act of2009 

(Pub. L. 111-11). 

The terms and the intent of the exchange seemed to be clear and straightforward; 

including provisions found in Section 1206(a)(2)(F) that the property exchange 

A Small County with a big mission: Providing Quality of Life for all. 
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between Mt Hood Meadows and the U.S. Forest Service would be completed 

"within 16 months after the date of enactment of this Act". Despite ongoing 

efforts between those parties, the exchange has still not occurred. Something is 

clearly amiss, and further congressional action is warranted. 

S. 2069 provides clear intent, direction and process so desperately needed to 

resolve this long standing issue. All parties will benefit from its passage, and will 

be able to move forward with the development, management and protections 

anticipated within the Omnibus Public Lands Act of2009. Hood River County 

joins with other stakeholders, conservation interests and local governments in 

support of S. 2069. 

Thank you very much for your time and consideration, and for your efforts on 

behalf of the people of the United States. 

Ron Rivers, Chair 

Hood River County Board of Commissioners 

A Small County with a big mission: 

Providing Quality of Life for all. 
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Before the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources; 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

Hearing on S. 2069: Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange Clarification Act 

October 8, 2015 

The Hood River Valley Residents Committee (HRVRC) thanks Senator Wyden and the 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests and Mining for the opportunity to submit testimony in 

support ofS. 2069. HRVRC is one of Oregon's oldest local land-use advocacy organizations. 

For nearly 40 years, HRVRC's mission has been to protect Hood River County's farms, forests, 

special wild places and the livability of its urban communities. 

HRVRC represents more than 250 member families in the Hood River Valley that stretches 

from the majestic Mount Hood to the mighty Columbia River. Many of the families 

represented by HRVRC arc second and third generation family farmers working some of 

15,000 acres of pear orchards in the Hood River Valley, representing more than half of 

Oregon's world-famous pear industry. In 2013, Oregon's Department of Agriculture estimated 

that Hood River's fruit industry had a farm gate value of more than $112 million. Many of 

HRVRC's members are also woodland owners, managing private forestlands that comprise 50 

percent of the private land base in the county. 

Our members helped form Cooper Spur Wild and Free (CSWF), a coalition of conservation 

groups, recreation clubs and local residents groups, including Oregon Wild, Sierra Club 

(Oregon Chapter), Oregon Nordic Club, American Alpine Club, Audubon Society of Portland, 

Oregon Kayak and Canoe Club, BARK, Mazamas, Northwest Environmental Defense Center, 

Oregon Wildlife Federation, Lower Columbia Canoe Club and Mountain Shadows 

Homeowners Association. 

Since 2001, for almost 15 years, HRVRC has been working in collaboration with Oregon's 

Congressional delegation, local county governments, citizen groups and businesses on the 

historic settlement addressed by S. 2069. The bill, when implemented, will lead to the 

completion of the land exchange that was mandated by Congress in the Public Lands Onmibus 

Act of2009. 

The Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange was intended to resolve three decades of dispute 

over the future of the north side of Mount Hood, Oregon's highest and most iconic peak. In the 

preceding years, Mount Hood Meadows LLC had made several controversial attempts to locate 

large destination resorts on the north side of the mountain arousing opposition from many in 
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the local community who sought to protect the unique agricultural, scenic and recreational 

resources that make it such a special place for Oregonians. 

The destination resort proposal threatened to degrade the Crystal Springs watershed, fed by 

shallow groundwater springs, which supplies drinking water for approximately one quarter of 

Hood River County. 

It also threatened to result in development within the Tilly Jane roadless area, a pristine 

backcountry recreation area on the north side ofMt. Hood that draws people to Hood River 

County from all over the State and from around the Country. After a short hike from the 

trailhead, visitors to the Tilly Jane area can view the magnificent Elliot Glacier, they can access 

the historic Timberline Trail, or they can test their mettle again the imposing North Face 

climbing routes on Mount Hood. Visitors come to experience these natural wonders and then 

stay in the City of Hood River, visiting local breweries and wineries and shopping in the 

historic downtown area along the Columbia River. 

Finally, resort development threatened the vital agricultural economy of the Hood River Valley. 

In a time of drought and a changing climate, golf courses, subdivisions and strip malls cannot 

co-exist in the Hood River Valley along with 15,000 acres of world-class fruit orchards. 

After many years of litigation followed by very difficult mediation, Mount Hood Meadows 

LLC, HRVRC and Hood River County agreed on the terms of an historic settlement in July of 

2005. 

After signing this landmark accord, Mount Hood Meadows and HRVRC worked together to 

rally support for the agreement. The historic settlement was taken up by Oregon's 

congressional delegation as an excellent solution in the public interest because it would protect 

Old-Growth forests, the Crystal Springs drinking watershed, historic and cultural resources, and 

provide pristine high-elevation backcountry recreation experiences for thousands of people. 

At the same time, Mount Hood Meadows LLC would be able to develop 100 acres at 

Government Camp on the south side of the mountain on land that was zoned and planned by 

Clackamas County for development. This too would stimulate economic development and 

would support a tourism-based economy in an area of the mountain where these land uses were 

well planned for and widely approved of by local stakeholders. 

Senator Wyden, Congressman Blumenauer and Congressman Walden provided critical 

leadership in ushering this legislation through Congress. Again after several years of hard 

work, President Obama signed these provisions into law as a part of the Omnibus Public Lands 

Management Act of 2009 (Pub. L. 111-11 ). 

• Section 1202(c)(2) of the 2009 Act includes designation of new Wilderness in the Cooper 

Spur/Tilly Jane area, contingent upon the completion of the Cooper Spur land exchange 

between Mt. Hood Meadows and the Forest Serviee. The Wilderness designation will 

result in permanent protection for an irreplaceable resource that contributes to the 

portfolio of recreational assets for the communities in and around Mt. Hood that depend 

2 
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on tourism dollars. 

• Section 1205 of the 2009 Act establishes the Crystal Springs Watershed Special Resource 

Management Unit. These provisions will result in permanent protections for the 

sensitive watershed that supports drinking water for communities in the Upper Hood 

River Valley. 

• Section 1206(a)(2)(F) of the 2009 Act directs the U.S. Forest Service to complete the 

Cooper Spur land exchange "within 16 months after the date of enactment of this Act." 

The Wilderness and watershed protection provisions of the 2009 Act are contingent upon the 

completion of the Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange. Thus, unless the Forest Service 

completes the exchange, the grand bargain that was agreed to by farmers, conservationists, 

county and local governments, and the developer will fall apart. Years of hard work and 

collaboration will be wasted. And the economy of Hood River County- dependent upon the 

agricultural resource lands and dispersed recreation will again be threatened. 

What should have been a quick and happy ending- completion of the land exchange within 16 

months- has instead turned into six slow years of bureaucratic delay by the U.S. Forest 

Service. The agency has become so tied in knots over what it perceives to be ambiguities in the 

original statutory language that its work on the land exchange all but came to a halt earlier this 

year. 

S. 2069 seeks to clarify Congressional intent and to provide clear direction to the U.S. Forest 

Service, addressing its questions as to what precisely Congress envisioned when it passed the 

2009 Act. The more specific instructions included inS. 2069 are necessary to assist the Forest 

Service in understanding and implementing- its charge to facilitate the transaction and to 

realize the incredible promise of the grand compromise embodied in the original legislation. 

And S. 2069 also ensures that the public will have a voice in the appraisal and environmental 

review to occur before the land exchange is completed. 

Because the land exchange is so important to the future of Mount Hood and the Hood River 

Valley, S. 2069 has unanimous support of stakeholders, Oregon's Congressional delegation, 

and Hood River and Clackamas Counties. This is the perfect Oregon solution to the threats that 

would otherwise face Oregon's iconic peak. We urge the quick passage of this bill to clarify 

Congressional intent expressed in the 2009 Act and to assist the Forest Service in moving 

forward towards completing the Mount Hood Cooper Spur Land Exchange. 

Polly Wood, Board President 

Hood River Valley Residents Committee 

3 

Michael McCarthy, Board Member 

Hood River Valley Residents Committee 
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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 1 of 13 

BILLY J. WILLIAMS, OSB # 901366 

Acting United States Attorney 

STEPHEN J. ODELL, OSB # 903530 

Assistant United States Attorney 

steve.odell@usdoj.gov 

1000 S.W. Third Avenue, Suite 600 

Portland, OR 97204 

Telephone: (503) 727-1024 

Telefax: (503) 727-1117 

Of Attorneys for Defendants 

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT 

DISTRICT OF OREGON 

PORTLAND DIVISION 

HOOD RIVER VALLEY RESIDENTS 

COMMITTEE, an Oregon non-profit 

corporation; MIKE MCCARTHY, individually; 

HOOD RIVER COUNTY by and through the 

BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF 

HOOD RIVER COUNTY, an Oregon municipal 

corporation; & MT. HOOD MEADOWS 

OREGON, LLC, an Oregon LLC; 

CLACKAMAS COUNTY, by and through the 

BOARD OF COUNTY COMMISSIONERS OF 

CLACKAMAS COUNTY, a political 

subdivision of the State of Oregon, 

Plaintiffs, 

v. 

JIM PENA, Regional Director of Region 6 of the 

United States Forest Service; LISA 

NORTHROP, Supervisor, Mt. Hood National 

Forest of the United States Forest Service; 

THOMAS L. TIDWELL, Chiefofthe United 

States Forest Service; and the UNITED STATES 

FOREST SERVICE, an Administrative Agency 

of the United States Department of Agriculture, 

Defendants. 

Case No.: 3:15-cv-01397-BR 

DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

FOR LACK OF JURISDICTION 

Oral Argument Respectfully Requested 
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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 2 of 13 

MOTION TO DISMISS 

Pursuant to Fed. R. Civ. P. l2(b)(l), Defendants hereby respectfully move to dismiss the 

Complaint (Dkt. # l) with prejudice in the above-captioned action. In accordance with LR 7-

!(a), undersigned counsel for Defendant represents that he conferred with counsel for Plaintiffs 

on the relief sought by this motion and learned as a result that the originally named plaintiffs 

oppose this motion, while counsel for the later-added plaintiffs have not provided their positions 

yet in response to his attempts to confer on this motion; although original Plaintiffs' opposition 

of itself necessitates the filing of this motion, undersigned counsel for Defendants nevertheless 

will follow up and provide the respective positions of the other plaintiffs when they are supplied. 

For the reasons supplied in the memorandum in support of the motion that is incorporated into 

the motion and set forth below, Defendants respectfully submit that the Court should grant the 

motion and dismiss this action with prejudice. 

MEMDORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

STANDARD OF REVIEW 

Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(b)(l) authorizes a party to present a defense to a 

claim grounded on the court's "lack of jurisdiction over the subject matter." Fed. R. Civ. P. 

l2(b)(l). In reviewing such a motion, the court presumes lack of subject- matter jurisdiction 

until the plaintiff proves otherwise in response to the motion. Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. 

Co., 511 U.S. 375, 377, (1994); La Reunion Francaise SA v. Barnes, 247 F.3d 1022, 1026 (9th 

Cir.200 1 ). A Rule 12(b )(I) motion may be brought as a facial or factual attack on the asserted 

basis of the Court's subject-matter jurisdiction. Gould Electronics, Inc. v. United States, 220 

F .3d 169, 176 (3rd Cir.2000). In reviewing a factual attack, the court may consider matters 

outside the pleadings and examine other documents without converting the motion into one for 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 3 of 13 

summary judgment. Berardinelli v. Castle & Cooke, Inc., 587 F.2d 37 (9th Cir.I978). The court 

may weigh disputed evidence and determine the facts to evaluate whether jurisdiction exists. 

Valdez v. United States, 837 F. Supp. 1065, 1067 (E.D. Cal.l993). The presumption of 

truthfulness does not attach to the allegations of plaintiff's complaint or any inferences drawn 

therefrom. !d. Plaintiff has the burden to establish that the court has subject-matter jurisdiction. 

Ass'n of Am. Med. Coli. v. United States, 217 F.3d 770 (9th Cir.2000). 

The subject-matter jurisdiction of this Court over an action brought against the United 

States or one of its agencies or instrumentalities, as is the one sub judice, is limited to the terms 

of consent by the United States. United States v. Dalm, 494 U.S. 596, 608 (1990)(citing United 

States v. Mottaz, 476 US. 834, 841 (1986)). Waivers of the sovereign immunity of the United 

States are not easily established and require a clear statement of intent. United States v. White 

Mtn. Apache Tribe, 537 U.S. 465, 472 (2003). The principle applies even to determination of 

the scope of explicit waivers. See, e.g., United States v. Nordic Village, Inc., 503 U.S. 30, 34 

( 1992). Moreover, "a waiver of the Government's sovereign immunity will be strictly construed, 

in terms of its scope, in favor of the sovereign." Lane v. Pefia, 518 U.S. 187, 192 (1996). 

In bringing their claim, Plaintiffs apparently rely upon the waiver of sovereign immunity 

contained in the judicial-review provisions of the Administrative Procedure Act ("AP A"), 5 

U.S.C. §§ 701-06, more specifically Paragraph 706(1), see Complaint at~~ 1 & 26, which 

authorizes a reviewing court to compel a federal agency to take an action that is "unlawfully 

withheld." 5 U.S.C. § 706(1). 

PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND 

Plaintiffs ask the Court to interject itself into the administrative process in which the 

Forest Service is engaged and compel the agency to complete a land exchange ("Land 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 4 of 13 

Exchange") pursuant to congressional direction contained in an omnibus public-lands bill, Sec. 

1206, Pub. L. No. 111-11 (2009)("Act"), that calls upon the agency to transfer National Forest 

System land it administers on the south side ofMt. Hood, near Government Camp ("Federal 

land"), in exchange for land that Mt. Hood Meadows ("MHM") currently owns on the north side 

of the mountain ("non-Federal land"), if MHM offers to convey that non-Federal land to the 

Forest Service. Sec. 1206(a)(2)(A), 123 Stat. I 018 (2009)("Subject to the provisions of this 

subsection, if [MHM] offers to convey to the United States all right, title, and interest of [MHM] 

in and to the non-Federal land, the [Forest Service] shall convey to [MHM] all right, title, and 

interest of the United States in and to the Federal land (other than any easements reserved under 

subparagraph (G), subject to valid existing rights"). The Act also contains language expressing 

the Congress's wishes with respect to a time frame for completion of the Land Exchange, which 

states that "[i]t is the intent of Congress that the [Land Exchange] shall be completed not later 

than 16 months after" its enactment, or by July 30,2010. Sec. 1206(a)(2)(F), 123 Stat. 1019 

(2009). It is this provision on which essentially the entirety of Plaintiffs' claim in this case rests, 

as it hinges on their request that this Court compel the Forest Service to complete the Land 

Exchange. Two other provisions of the Act bear mentioning in laying out the procedural 

background relevant to this motion. The first sets forth the requirement in the Act for the Forest 

Service to develop and reserve a wetlands conservation easement ("Easement") that will serve to 

protect some wetlands that exist on the federal parcel to be transferred to MHM. More 

specifically, the relevant portion of the Act provides as follows: 

As a condition of the conveyance of the Federal land, the [Forest Service] shall 

reserve a conservation easement to the Federal land to protect existing wetland, as 

identified by the Oregon Department of State Lands, that allows equivalent 

wetland mitigation measures to compensate for minor wetland encroachments 

necessary for the orderly development of the Federal land. 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 5 of 13 

Sec. 1206(a)(2)(G)(i), 123 Stat. 1019. 

The second is a clause that further unequivocally states that "[t]he conveyance of the 

Federal land and non-Federal land shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the [Forest 

Service] may require." Sec. l206(a)(2)(C)(ii), 123 Stat. 1019 (2009). 

Shortly after Plaintiffs filed their Complaint, the parties conferred on a case management 

framework and schedule. Jt. Case Mgmt. Rpt. (Dkt. #7). The parties discussed and agreed on 

the potential benefits of affording the Forest Service and MHM the opportunity to meet outside 

the context of this litigation to continue to pursue further implementation of the steps necessary 

to complete the Land Exchange. !d. at 3. In particular, the Forest Service and MHM indicated 

their intent to meet for the purpose of having further discussions regarding the terms and 

conditions of the Wetlands Conservation Easement that the Act prescribes the agency to reserve 

as a condition of conveying the Federal land to MHM. !d. Those discussions have occurred, 

culminating in a mediation in which Justice Susan Leeson served as the mediator and the Forest 

Service and MHM worked through all of the remaining outstanding issues concerning the 

easement. They are working on a joint statement to report on the results of the mediation, and 

they will share it when it is in final form with the parties to the litigation. 

ARGUMENT 

I. THE STATUTORY PROVISION ON WHICH PLAINTIFFS PREMISE THEIR 

"FAILURE TO ACT" CLAIM DOES NOT GIVE RISE TO THE KIND OF 

MANDATORY DUTY THAT A COURT MAY COMPEL THE FOREST SERVICE 

TO UNDERTAKE PURSUANT TO ITS AUTHORITY IN SECTION 706(1). 

The APA authorizes courts to "compel agency action unlawfully withheld or 

unreasonably delayed." 5 U.S.C. § 706(1). In the seminal case on 5 U.S.C. § 706(1), the 

Supreme Court made clear that the only kind of"agency action" the provision authorizes a 

reviewing court to compel an agency to take, however, is a discrete, mandatory duty that is 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 6 of 13 

plainly required by statute or regulation. Norton v. Southern Utah Wilderness Alliance 

("SUWA"), 542 U.S. 55, 62-63 (2004). In addition, "Section 706(1) of the APA ... serves 

important interests, but [it] does not give us license to 'compel agency action' whenever the 

agency is withholding or delaying an action we think it should take." Hells Canyon Pres. 

Council v. Forest Serv., 593 F.3d 923,932 (9th Cir.2010)("HCPC"). Rather, a reviewing court's 

authority to "compel agency action" is "carefully circumscribed to situations where an agency 

has ignored a specific ... command," id., that is located in a federal statute or "agency regulation[ 

] that ha[s] the force of law," SUWA, 542 U.S. at 65 (2004). Moreover, the "purportedly 

withheld action must not only be 'discrete,"' HCPC, 593 F.3d at 932, meaning that it must be a 

"precise, definite act," SUWA, 542 U.S. at 63, "but also 'legally required,'" 593 F.3d at 932, 

meaning that the text of the statute or regulation contains an "unequivocal command" about 

which an official has "no discretion whatever," 542 U.S. at 63 (internal quotation marks 

omitted), such that the duty "could traditionally have been enforced through a writ of 

mandamus." HCPC, 593 F.3d at 932. 

A. The Language of Section 1206(a)(2)(F) upon which Plaintiffs base their claim 

simply is not framed in terms of an unequivocally expressed mandatory duty that 

the Court may compel within the ambit of its Jurisdiction under Section 706(1 ). 

The key language in Section 1206(a)(2)(F) on which Plaintiffs' claim hinges is set forth 

as an expression of congressional intent or its expectation, not as a mandatory duty that this 

Court may compel, for several reasons. First and foremost, as noted above, the provision 

contains the prefatory statement, "[i]t is the intent of Congress that'' the Land Exchange shall be 

completed within 16 months of the Act's enactment, and this prefatory statement is a difference 

that compels a major distinction in the provision's overarching interpretation. Sec. 

1206(a)(2)(F), 123 Stat. 1019 (2009). This follows for several reasons. 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 7 of 13 

First, simply on the face of things and based on common sense, it is quite obvious that it 

is altogether different when making any type of declarative statement to direct another over 

whom one has authority to dictate their actions to say that "it is my intent" that the other 

complete a task by a date certain, and to say simply that they shall complete the task by that same 

date certain. Indeed, the dictionary supports this common understanding of such a distinction by 

providing that the two alternative primary definitions of "intent" are: "the act or fact of 

intending: purpose" and "the state of mind with which an act is done: volition." 

http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/intent (last visited Oct. 6, 20 15). Neither one of 

these supports Plaintiffs' position that Section 1206(a)(2)(F) is an unequivocally expressed 

mandate of the Congress that this Court may simply compel as if it were exercising its 

mandamus authority. 

This distinction is further supported even by the other language within the same statutory 

section, which clearly evinces that, when the Congress wishes to express itself in a more 

mandatory way, it knows how to do so by simply stating that the agency "shall" do something, 

without prefatory language like that which accompanies the language in Section 1206(a)(2)(F). 

See, e.g., Sec. 1206(a)(2)(G)("As a condition of the conveyance of the Federal land, the [Forest 

Service) shall reserve" the two easements specified in the Act in accordance with prescribed 

standards and criteria (emphasis supplied); see also Sec. 1206(a)(2)(C)(ii)("The conveyance of 

the Federal land and non-Federal land shall be subject to such terms and conditions as the [Forest 

Service] may require")( emphasis supplied). 

This distinction is also evident in other contexts and confirms that, when Congress wishes 

to mandate that an agency undertake a particular action, it knows how to do so. Indeed, this is 

evident in the "deadline example" that the Supreme Court provided for context in its SUWA 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 8 of 13 

opinion, when it explained that the statutory provision stating that, "[w]ithin 6 months after 

February 8, 1996, the [FCC) shall complete all actions necessary to establish regulations to 

implement the requirements of this subsection," 47 U.S.C. § 25l(d)(l)(emphasis supplied), 

"would have supported a judicial decree under the APA requiring the prompt issuance of 

regulations, but not a judicial decree setting forth the content of those regulations." SUW A, 542 

U.S. at 65. In like fashion, courts have relied upon similar unadorned "shall" pronouncements in 

certain statutory deadlines contained within the Endangered Species Act in cases challenging the 

failure of consulting agencies to meet such deadlines for the listing of species and the completion 

of related duties under that statute. See, e.g., Oregon Natural Res. Council, Inc. v. Kantor, 99 

F.3d 334, 338-39 (9th Cir. 1996). In other words, "shall," by itself in a statute, usually means 

just what it says: "shall," but when prefaced with, "It is the intent of the Congress that 

something shall happen," it is not the same at all, and should not be treated as if it is. 

In sum, then, the plain meaning of the very text of the relevant statutory provision on 

which Plaintiffs' claim is based does not and cannot support a finding that this Court has 

jurisdiction over that claim. 

B. Not Only is the Time Frame in the Act Not Framed in terms of a mandatory duty 

under 706(1), Neither is the Nature of the Duty to Complete the Land Exchange 

Itself given that it requires two parties to complete and the statutory language 

makes the Forest Service's conveyance conditional on Mt. Hood Meadows's 

independent action of offering to convey the non-Federal Land. 

Even if the Court were to read the language in Sec. 1206(a)(2)(F) as giving rise to a hardand-fast mandatory deadline, it would still lack subject-matter jurisdiction over Plaintiffs' claim 

for the plain and simple fact that they "agency action" it is attempting to have the Court compel 

is not an action of an agency- the Forest Service- or, more accurately, not completely the 

action of the Forest Service, at all. This follows because the action is a land exchange, which, by 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 9 of 13 

necessity, requires two parties to complete, not just the Forest Service. Indeed, Plaintiffs' claim 

is nothing less than the equivalent of trying to compel a person to clap, with just one hand. 

Relevant case law supports this interpretation. Undersigned counsel is aware of no cases 

in which a court compelled an agency to take an action under the aegis of Section 706(1) that 

involved something beyond the scope and authority of just the agency itself. As the Ninth 

Circuit recently explained in recapitulating the parameters prescribed for a proper 706(1) claim 

under SUWA, a court can only compel agency action under this section "if there is 'a specific, 

unequivocal command' placed on the agency to take a 'discrete agency action,' and the agency 

has failed to take that action." Vietnam Veterans of American v. CIA, 791 F.3d 1122, 1128 (9th 

Cir. 20 13)( quoting SUW A, 542 U.S. at 63-64 )(emphasis supplied). Here, the action that 

Plaintiffs are seeking to have the Court compel the Forest Service- the completed Land 

Exchange -- can only be effectuated with the involvement of another party, MHM, and its 

conveyance of the non-Federal land at issue. MHM is not a federal agency, obviously, and so is 

not subject to the APA. In addition, in American Farm Bureau v. EPA, 121 F. Supp. 2d 84, 103 

(D.D.C. 2000), the court found that a claim under 706(1) did not lie because the statutory 

directive at issue only "require[ d) EPA to issue a data call-in 'if' the agency determines that 

additional data "are reasonably required to support the continuation of a tolerance or exemption" 

or "are required to maintain in effect an existing registration of a pesticide." Similarly, in this 

case, the Forest Service need only carry out the land exchange "if" Mt. Hood Meadows offers to 

convey the non-Federal parcel. 

The language of the Act also supports this position, for it explicitly provides that the 

obligation of the Forest Service to convey the Federal land subject to the Land Exchange is 

conditioned upon MHM's offering to convey the non-Federal land. That is, in relevant part, Sec. 

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Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 10 of 13 

1206(a)(2)(A) states that, "jf [MHM] offers to convey to the United States" the non-Federa11and, 

the Forest Service "shall convey to [MHM]" the Federal land." 123 Stat. 1018. Although the 

parties have entered into an Agreement to Initiate, see Exh. 1, nothing in that agreement 

represents a firm, final offer on the part of MHM to convey the non-Federal land at issue, nor are 

Defendants aware of any other communication or correspondence that constitutes any such offer. 

Exh. 1 at 3 (''Either the non-Federal party or the Forest Service may withdraw from the exchange 

at any time prior to execution of the exchange agreement, or conveyance from the United States, 

except as required by the Act"). Now that MHM is a party to this action, however, Defendants 

would welcome any clarification or correction of this fact that MHM may wish to provide to the 

Court if their understanding may be in error in any way. 

Thus, even if the time frame identified in the Act could be construed as mandatory, which 

for the reasons elucidated in the previous section it cannot, the action that Plaintiffs are asking 

the Court to compel the Forest Service to take is not something they can carry out on their own. 

Hence, Plaintiffs' claim is misguided and not a proper subject for compulsion under 706(1 ). It 

does indeed still take two to tango (or engage in a land exchange, as the case may be). 1 

C. Interpretation of the Act in the Manner Proposed by Plaintiffs Should Also Be 

Rejected as Inherently Unrealistic. 

The Act itself provides that the Land Exchange is to be carried out in accordance with the 

requirements that ordinarily apply to federal land exchanges as set forth in Sec. 206 of the 

1 For the same reasons, neither can Plaintiffs prevail even if they were to seek to frame 

their claim as one based on the Forest Service's alleged "unreasonable delay" in carrying 

out its portion of the Land Exchange. In SUW A. the Supreme Court stated that, although 

section 706(1) of the APA "also authorizes courts to 'compel agency action ... unreasonably 

delayed'- []a delay cannot be unreasonable with respect to action that is not required." 

SUW A, 542 U.S. at 63 n. 1 (emphasis supplied). Thus, because the Act does not create the 

mandatory duty in the first place, it cannot serve as the predicate for an "unreasonable 

delay" claim, either. 

Page 9 DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

Hood River Valley Residents Comm. v. Forest Serv., Case No. 15-cv-1397-BR 
754 


Insert offset folio 823 here 98942A.725

Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 11 of 13 

Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976 ("FLPMA"), 43 U.S.C. § 1716. Sec. 

1206(a)(2)(B), 123 Stat. 1018 (2009). In addition, the Act provides that the appraisal to be 

conducted of both the Federal and non-Federal land that are the subject of the Land Exchange is 

to be "conducted in accordance with nationally recognized appraisal standards, including the 

Uniform Appraisal Standards for Federal Land Acquisitions; and the Uniform Standards of 

Professional Appraisal Practice." Sec. l206(a)(2)(D), 123 Stat. 1019 (2009). The Act also 

requires that the Forest Service prepare and reserve two easements on which it is to condition its 

conveyance of the Federal land to MHM, including the one to protect existing wetland on the 

Federal land. Sec. 1206(a)(2)(G), 123 Stat. 1019 (2009). Thus, the Act waives none of the 

principal requirements or steps that are necessary to complete in effectuating a federal land 

exchange, which, even under normal and non-controversial scenarios, involve a series of rather 

technical, arcane, and labor-intensive processes; and with respect to this one, the Congress even 

added an extra step (reservation of the easements). Moreover, even though this is a legislatively 

directed Land Exchange, the Forest Service has published a Notice oflntent to prepare an 

Environmental Impact Statement pursuant to the National Environmental Policy Act to analyze 

the environmental effects of the exchange. 75 Fed. Reg. 62,755 (Oct. 13, 2010). That an 

exchange of this magnitude could realistically be completed within 16 months from the date of 

the Act's enactment, as Plaintiffs' position necessarily contends the Congress expressly 

mandated in the terms of the Act, is difficult to square with these multiple, complex, and 

overlapping processes. Such a recognition is also borne out by the Agreement to Initiate ("A TI") 

that the parties prepared, which included an implementation schedule that spanned more than 

two and one-half years. See Exh. I at 18-20. 

Page 10 DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

Hood River Valley Residents Comm. v. Forest Serv., Case No. 15-cv-1397-BR 
755 


Insert offset folio 824 here 98942A.726

Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 12 of 13 

As a result, the construction of an unconditional, mandatory 16-month time frame that 

Plaintiffs urge the Court to place on the Act suffers from the additional flaw that it would have 

the Court construe the Act in a way that ignores the normal federal land-exchange processes, 

which the Act expressly dictates be followed. In addition, such a construction might well 

preclude the Forest Service from carrying out a full NEPA analysis of the Land Exchange, which 

would benefit the public interest and which the Congress gave no indication it wished the Forest 

Service not to also incorporate into its work of implementing its portion of the exchange. 

D. The Forest Service Continues To Engage in Ongoing Substantial & Good-Faith 

Efforts to Implement the Land Exchange & Considerable Progress Has Been 

Made, Even Though the Agency Had Planned to Be Farther Along By This Time. 

Even if the Court were to construe the Act as containing an unequivocal and mandatory 

duty that would otherwise give it the authority to issue an order compelling the Forest Service to 

carry out the Land Exchange (potentially over the objection ofMHM, presumably), the Court 

would nevertheless still lack jurisdiction over Plaintiffs' claim because the Forest Service has 

made considerable progress on its end to implement the Land Exchange. In the Ninth Circuit, 

the court has made clear that a reviewing court should stay its hand from compelling an agency 

to undertake an action in the absence of a "complete failure to act" on the part of the agency. 

Ecology Ctr., Inc. v. Forest Serv., 192 F.3d 922,926 (9th Cir. 1999)(court finding judicial review 

is permitted under section 706(1) "only where there has been a genuine failure to act"). 

Here, as noted in the Joint Rule 16 Case Management Report that the parties filed 

recently, the step on which the Forest Service has been continuing to work is the preparation of a 

wetlands conservation easement that the Act prescribes the agency to reserve and include as a 

condition to its conveyance of the Federal land to MHM. Jt. Case Mgmt. Rpt. at 3 (Dkt. #7). 

More specifically, the parties stated in that report that they filed in late August that "Defendants 

Page 11 -DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

Hood River Valley Residents Comm. v. Forest Serv., Case No. 15-cv-1397-BR 
756 


Insert offset folio 825 here 98942A.727

Case 3:15-cv-01397-BR Document 13 Filed 10/06/15 Page 13 of 13 

and [MHM] have discussed their intent to meet in the next 30 days for the purpose of having 

further discussions regarding the terms and conditions of the legislatively-mandated conservation 

easement that is to be reserved for wetlands that exist on the federal lands to be conveyed to 

[MHM] under the land exchange at issue." !d. The Forest Service and MHM have followed up 

by meeting and having regular discussions through their counsel and then, last Wednesday, Sept. 

30, 2015, by engaging in mediation presided over by mediator Susan Leeson, a former Oregon 

Supreme Court justice. The Forest Service and MHM are still working on a joint statement to 

announce the results of the mediation, which they will share when it is finalized, but the Forest 

Service would simply state for purposes of the present memorandum that the parties discussed all 

of the remaining issues that were still outstanding with respect to the Wetlands Conservation 

Easement and it appears as if they have arrived at mutually satisfactory easement terms. Once a 

conditionally final version of the Wetlands Conservation Easement is prepared (conditional 

because it will be subject to the agency's NEPA analysis), it will provide a basis upon which to 

conduct the appraisal and be able to be incorporated into the Proposed Action for the Forest 

Service's NEPA analysis. 

Conclusion 

For the foregoing reasons, Defendants respectfully submit that this Court lacks 

jurisdiction over Plaintiffs' claim and that it therefore should dismiss this action with prejudice 

given that there is no feasible way for Plaintiffs to be able to cure the jurisdictional defect. 

Respectfully submitted this 6th date of October 2015. 

/s/ Stephen J. Odell 

Stephen J. Odell 

Assistant United States Attorney 

Of Attorneys for Defendants 

Page 12- DEFENDANTS' MOTION TO DISMISS 

Hood River Valley Residents Comm. v. Forest Serv., Case No. 15-cv-1397-BR 
757 


Insert offset folio 826 here 98942A.728

October 14, 2015 

United States Senate Sub-Committee on Public Lands, Forests & Mining 

Darla Ripchenski@energy.senate.gov 

Dear Committee Members: 

Re: The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities- S.872 

I was born and raised in Wrangell, Alaska, one of the "landless" communities that will be affected by 

5.872. My parents were also born and raised here and I grew up hearing them speak of how one day we 

would have our land returned to us. They both passed away without ever seeing the government right 

the terrible injustice that was done to our tribal members by leaving the five communities out of ANSCA. 

Native people have very strong ties to the land. We have watched big timber corporations cut down our 

old growth trees and ship them off to foreign lands. We have watched canneries overfish our waters. 

Natives were taught from a young age that if you take care of the land, the land will take care of you. 

NOW, the conservationists oppose this landless bill stating we would not take care of land. That is the 

furthest statement from the truth. We have lived on the Tongass National Forest for eons and have 

watched as non-Natives came and ravaged our lands. Even the Environmental Protection Agency has 

recognized that tribes are more effective at restoring the planet. They fund tribes through the Indian 

General Assistance Program on environmental issues. 

I am imploring the committee to take positive action on this bill and rightfully return land to the five 

landless communities. 

P.O. Box 1091 

Wrangell, AK 99929 
758 


Insert offset folio 827 here 98942A.729

Subject 

Rose Kalkins Johnson 

RT 2 box 3 

Ketchikan ,Alaska 99901 

>-----Original Message-----

FW: Alaska Landless Bill 

> From: Rose Johnson [mailto:stickriver@yahoo.com] 

>Sent: Wednesday, October 14, 2015 1:19PM 

>Subject: Alaska Landless Bill 

> 

> 

> 

>I am writing on behalf of supporting the Alaska Landless bill for the Sleft out communities in southeast Alaska. 

> I was born n raised in Wrangell Alaska one of the communities that was left out. I currently live in Ketchikan another 

community that was left out. 

>We have watched our family and friends receive many more benefits that live in other communities n cities in Alaska. 

Why???? That is the big question we have been living with since I was born in 1957 n earlier. 

> Many of our Elders have passed who have fought hard for this right. We are people who do not give up. We appreciate 

you taking time to read n review all that has been sent your way in regards to this issue. 

> We are only asking for the same treatment the other communities have received. 

>Wrangell n Ketchikan n the other 3 communities are praying for the right outcome. We call upon our ancestors and 

people like yourself in this time to help us get justice. 

>Thank you once again for your time n consideration in the Alaska Landless Bill. 

> 

>Sincerely 

> 

> Rose Kalkins Johnson 

> Michelle Amundson 

> Minnie Kalkins 

>Lillian smith 

> Edward Kalkins 

> Emma Stickel 

> Elsie Lindley 

> Darlene Villegas 

> Randy Kalkins 

>Minnie Bandera 

> 
759 


Insert offset folio 828 here 98942A.730

October 6, 2015 

Dear Members of Congress: 

We are writing to express our opposition to S. 872/H.R. 2386, whictt seeks to establish five new village. 

corporations in Southeast Alaska and would give away over 115,000 acres of public lands used by 

hunters, anglers and recreation users in Southeast Alaska to these newly-created private corporations. 

Hunting, fishing and recreation are part of our way of life. Access to our public lands is part of our 

Alaska heritage. Privatizing these lands could block or restrict access and use of these lands for all of us. 

During the recent Sea Iaska legislation process, we highlighted our concerns that passage of that bill 

would lead to reopening of native claims throughout Alaska. Not even a year later, S. 872/H.R. 2386 

would do so for five communities and could set the stage for reopening Alaska Native Oaims Settlement 

Act (ANCSA) for the over 80 other Native communities who, like the five communities noted in these 

bills, did not meet the criteria for village corporation status set forth In ANCSA In 1971. 

Additionally, S. 872/H.R. 2386 allows the proposed new corporations to choose lands outside the scope 

of the ANCSA settlement. If the communities had qualified as village corporations under ANCSA, they 

would have been required to choose land from the 40 million acre ANCSA :lettlement. Under this 

legislation, the new corporations would be given access to an additionalll'i,OOO acres of high-value 

public land anywhere in the region. 

At the core, we are concerned this legislative effort would result in the privatization of more public lands 

in Southeast Alaska and as a result would limit who can access and use these lands. As such, this 

legislation represents bad public policy and an Inappropriate allocation of public resources to private 

entities. Please join us in opposing S. &72/H. R. 2386. 

Sincerely, 

Mark 

~~ Kaelke Matt Robus 

Southeast Alaska Project Director Board of Director .s 

Trout Unlimited-Alaska Territorial Sportsmen, Inc. 

ScottHed 

Executive Director 

Sportsman's Alliance for Alaska 
760 


Insert offset folio 829 here 98942A.731

Senator Jon Barrasso 

Senator Ron Wyden 

United States Senate 

Subcommitee on Public lands, Mining, and Forests 

Washington DC 20510 

Dear Senators Barrasso and Wyden, 

Molly Kemp 

Box 571 

Tenakee Springs AK 99841 

October 4, 2015 

I am writing from my home in a small Chichagof Island community surrounded by Alaska's Tongass 

National Forest, where I have lived for 40 years. I want to express my strong opposition to S 872, the 

"Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act". The result 

of this legislation would be removal of 115,000 acres of public land from public ownership, and transfer 

of those lands to private ownership by five new for-profit corporations. 

The Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971 was an extraordinary legislative achievement, 

and has served as a model for settlements with indigenous peoples around the world. The transfer of 

44 million acres and nearly $1 billion dollars to 13 regional corporations and 224 village corporations 

was an unprecedented effort to make amends for past injustices, and a reason to be proud to be an 

Alaskan and a citizen of the United States. 

Of course ANSCA was not perfect, no human endeavor is. Certainly there were calamitous 

consequences when the newly created for-profit corporations made short-sighted decisions about 

managing the lands they received. Nonetheless, ANCSA settled the rightful claims of Alaska's Native 

population through a clearly defined process, and set Alaska apart from much of human history by doing 

so. Reopening ANCSA would result in a divisive controversy that would tarnish that legacy. 

I am very familiar with the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) report cited inS 872, and I 

am shocked to see the findings of the report misrepresented. The ISER report absolutely did not find 

that Congress "inadvertently" left out any groups, nor make any recommendation for additional 

compensation. 1 will attach a copy of a 1993 letter from the author of the report making exactly those 

points. 

last summer I kayaked along the shore line of Sealaska Corporation's brutally clearcut lands on the west 

shore of Port Frederick, also on Chichagof Island near Hoonah. (Sea Iaska is the existing regional Native 

corporation that is supporting the effort to create five new corporations.) Seeing that tortured 

landscape was a sobering reminder of the consequences of essentially unregulated exploitation of one 

resource- timber- without regard for the future of other values. I saw no evidence of buffer strips to 
761 


Insert offset folio 830 here 98942A.732

protect salmon streams, nor any provision for old-growth reserves that might provide refuge for deer 

during periods of deep snow. 

Salmon and deer are the basis of Southeast Alaska's subsistence economy, especially in a remote 

village like Hoonah. After several harsh winters around 2008 the population of deer on northeast 

Chichagof Island plummeted, because small Sitka deer require the shelter of large old growth trees to 

survive deep snow. Hunting limits had to be decreased and seasons shortened. 

I'm not surprised that a for-profit corporation like Sea Iaska would disregard the future well-being of 

nearby communities in favor of immediate financial return. However, I am both shocked and 

dismayed that Alaska's congressional delegation is behind this attempt to take 115,000 acres of public 

land away from the public, and condemn it to a similar fate. 

Please preventS 872 from receiving any further consideration. 

cc: 

Senator Lisa Murkowski 

Senator Dan Sullivan 

Attachement: 

1993 ISER letter 

Sincerely 

Molly Kemp 
762 


Insert offset folio 833 here 98942A.735

• UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE . . 

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC Al'f AIRS 

Amy •• Utl•tr 

l2ll '""'kkn~t t:Htvt Al\(hortft. Alwb 99'~06 

Ahl>k• PubliC Ra41o Network, Pe~mburg 

P .. number 77Z•9Z90 

OtarMt. Ml11er: 

INSTTTVT! 01' SOCIAL AND 

6CONOMIC kiSEARCH 1907) 7~1110 FAX ll'Ol) 786-11)9 

Occemb<r 7, 199) 

WhUe drtY\ng to work thl.s momtng and ltsltf\J!'\~ to KSKA, t wu surprtted to Mar your story on the dn!t report. A SllldyojP!ve S..!heo$lAI<Illta QnnmiUIIUn, that we wtOle for the V.S. Porest Service and 

other lederalagenci ... The story WASlna«:"rott and dWppotnttng. No one he!c 01 !Seft woo conw:ted for lhe ftory. If you hsd c.lled me or S<evt Coli. wt could hsve potl\led out sevml things thst would hsve ~tup~ov¢d the accuraq or tht 'ftorr. 

Plrst, the report ts sun a draf! •~d no1 a ftnal report. It's not unhelrd or !or dran r<pon.s to recetve ne"" coverage. bul we prepare drafts so knowledgeable reVIewers can help us ftnd any omiSSions or miStakes or other shottcomtngs before wt reach the nnal version. llut the faa that the dOC\lment ts a. draft Is lC!s lmponant than the fact that you repone~ the substance of the repon Inaccurately. 

we were asked. as we rtporttd tn ~he prefaa: to the rt'pon, tV tltam1ne 'WQ brv•U L:t-."'ue-,. (1 \ wh•t 

t.s the avatl&ble factual C:V1dtnee on why U>ngrcn de:nu:d the rtve stud.y c.ommuntl.la the •ut.hontt to 

fonn Yllla&e ot urban corporauons under !he Alaska Native Clmms Selllement A<t (ANCSA); and(<) how does blstortcal we and occupancy In the five study communities compate wtth woe and occupancy In other SoutheAst communltlu that received land undet ANCSA. Deoau~< they we"' denied tht authority to fonn vmase or urban corpcmntons, lhe Ove study communlltts ret:'e'lvtd no land enttdements. The smdy 

villages were not, however (as you «ported), d<nied all ~eftu under ANCSA. Qualtned reSldents of thost villages ttcetved c d the are st-large members of Sealuka r<!llonat corporation. 

This ~pon wUl be presenttd to Congtt:t3. Congrw Wilt dcetde. what if any changes l'J make tn the: Jtat\IJ or tht: ftve study vtllap:s, bucd on tht:l tepon and other so\ntes, tt was not tn our scop~ o£ work to make. rttommtndaUON-JUSt to pra<nt faauat tnfonnalion. 

We're always J\ac1 to receive news cove:ra~ of our work, and we have tn dt~ past re1t that the 

Alaska Public Radio Network provtded lair ani! accurate coverage. We would ltke you to ""t the rtcord 

stnight by alrtng a correction o! th\5 story. If you have any qmsl!ons 111 bt glad ro tallc to you. 

OJ~~ Director, lS!R 

786-7710 

1\ DIVISION OF THF. UNIVERSITY Of AlASKA STATEWIDE SYSll!M OF HIOH!R !OUCI\TION 
763 


Insert offset folio 834 here 98942A.736

3 October 2015 

To: Senator John Barrasso, Subcommittee Chair 

Senator Ron Wyden, Ranking Member 

CC Seantors Murkowski and Sullivan 

Re: Senate bill: S. 872 " Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and 

Compensation Act" 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Mining and Forests 

Dear Committee Members, 

I write as a resident of Tenakee Springs, AK with concerns over the attempt to reopen the 

"final" Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971. Tenakee is one of the five 

Southeastern communities proposed for the establishment of for-profit Native Corporations. 

This proposal disregards the fact that Tenakee has always been a small community (present 

population size approximately 100} with a minority Native representation (generally less than 

8%) since its founding in the late 1800's. Moreover the Natives seeking this redress were 

included in the 197llegislation and received more compensation than those who elected to be 

covered by the land settlement 44 years ago. To award this group a second bite of the apple 

not only ignores the relevant history, it would create a precedent by casting aside the previous 

agreement and reopening the issue for all Natives in the region. 

With a background of over 50 years as an ecological and evolutionary biologist and university 

professor, I also have broader concerns. The Tongass National Forest is a fragile ecosystem that 

serves as a base for the economic health of everyone in this region. As permanent residents 

regardless of our origins we together foster sustainable exploitation of our homeland. History 

suggests that when a group of individuals without roots in an area are awarded license to 

exploit that area for their short-term economic benefit, the exploitation will be short-sighted 

and harmful to everyone in the region. While the land being sought by the beneficiaries of this 

legislation amounts to a not insignificant area of 115,000 acres, it is important to recognize that 

the activities on that land may negatively influence the livelihood and rights of both the Native 

and non-Native residents in a far larger area. This is the crux of the situation facing the 

committee now. I urge the members to support the interests of the many rather than the few. 

Charles E. King 

600 E Tenakee Ave. 

Tenakee Springs, AK 99841 
764 


Insert offset folio 835 here 98942A.737

Written Testimony of 

Julie Kitka, President 

The Alaska Federation of Natives 

To the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests and Mining 

In support of S.l955, To amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act 

to provide for equitable allotment ofland to Alaska Native veterans. 

October 6, 2015 

The Alaska Federation of Natives submits this written testimony is support of S.l955, a bill to 

amend the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act to provide for equitable allotment of land to 

Alaska Native veterans. The Alaska Federation of Natives is the largest statewide Native 

organization in Alaska. Our membership includes 165 federally recognized tribes, 146 village 

corporations, 12 regional corporations, and 12 regional nonprofit and tribal consortiums that 

compact and contract to run federal and state programs. Formed nearly fifty years ago, AFN 

continues to be the principle forum and voice of Alaska Natives in dealing with critical issues of 

public policy and government. 

History 

Alaska Natives and Native Americans have a long and proud history of military service, serving 

in greater numbers per capita than any other ethnic group. More than 42,000 Alaska Natives and 

Native Americans served in the military in the Vietnam Era, and over 90% of these service men 

and women enlisted as opposed to being drafted. 1 

At the same time the Vietnam War was being fought, our Alaska Native land rights were being 

settled. Section 18 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971, also called ANCSA, 

extinguished the Alaska Native Allotment Act of 1906. Some Alaska Native groups saw this 

change coming and worked by themselves or partnered with Alaska Legal Services and VISTA 

workers to get as many Alaska Natives as they could to apply for allotments before ANCSA 

became law, however, communication was a big challenge. 

In 1967, remote communities in Alaska were served not by satellite but by 14 land radio stations 

that tied into 300 bush radios. Eighty-eight villages needed improved telephone service, 72 had 

only "bush" telephone service, and 16 had no telephone service at all. By 1970, 141 of Alaska's 

287 communities still had no satisfactory telecommunication ties. Of the 146 with those ties, 84 

depended on White Alice or less sophisticated systems. Sixty-two were linked to the rest of the 

world by microwave or cable systems.2 In the village of Tuntutuliak, there was one telephone 

that served more than 200 people living in the village. 

1 http://www.bia.gov/WhoWeAre/BIA/OJS/ojs-careers/history/index.htm 

2 From the Alaska History and Cultural Studies Website, Chapter 4-13 Communications, available at 

http://www .akhistorycourse. org/ articles/ article .p hp? art! D= 178 

1 
765 


Insert offset folio 836 here 98942A.738

Also complicating matters was the fact that there were twenty Alaska Native languages spoken 

around the state at that time. Many of our people spoke little or no English. Translating 

complicated concepts like Western ideas of land ownership was difficult at best. Within the 

Yupik Society, an accepted and honored practice was the concept of land usership. In practice, 

this is how this worked. Along the Kinak River where Tuntutuliak, Alaska is located, certain 

tracts of land were used by a family generation to generation. For example, if a certain tract of 

land was used for berry picking by Paul Andrew and his family, other families outside of my 

father's family respected that and to honor this, they never used that tract to pick berries unless 

they had a specific authorization verbally issued by my father. This was strictly followed and 

when the Vista workers, in late 1960s, initially suggested to the Yupik people living at 

Tuntutuliak, they initially refused to apply for Native Allotments and one of their biggest reasons 

was that they know where the land they used was located and that the other family members 

respected these and would not use them. 

Although virtually all Alaska Natives were eligible to apply for land that had been used by their 

families and other relatives for subsistence purposes for generations, in the first 64 years of the 

Act, only 245 allotments were approved, according to Alaska Legal Services.3 

Given the state of communications in Alaska in the late 1960s and early 1970s, it was hard for 

people in Alaska to apply for allotments. It was logistically impossible for Native men and 

women serving in the military to apply for allotments by the deadline, even though they were 

eligible. As a result of this, some Alaska Native veterans of the Vietnam Era began pursuing 

ways of amending this section such that those who had served in active duty during that time 

might regain our eligibility (Nam Era Veterans) of applying for Native allotments. We began 

this effort in mid to late 1970s. 

1998 Veterans Allotment Act 

In October of 1998, a week to I 0 days before the 1998 AFN Convention, the late Ted Stevens, 

then Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Appropriations, amended the U.S. Department 

of Veterans Affairs' budget by adding a rider that would amend Section 18 of ANCSA such that 

Alaska Native veterans who served in active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces from January I, 

1969 to December 31, 1971, and who were honorably discharged could apply for Native 

Allotments. He was assisted by his close political ally and personal friend, the late Daniel K. 

Inouye during this process. Don Young did his part in the House of Representatives. President 

Bill Clinton had pressed Senator Stevens to move the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs' 

budget as the American public demanded better medical treatments for veterans. 

Senator Stevens told us that the best he could do was these three years, and that he and Senator 

Inouye were both supporting this approach, which is what we got. Inouye served as Vice Chair 

of the Appropriations Committee and Chairman of the U.S. Senate Committee on Commerce at 

the time. 

3 Excerpt from the statement of Nelson N. Angapak, Sr. Vice President, Alaska Federation of Natives, on H.R. 3350 

November 14, 2007, in front of U. 5. House Committee on Natural Resource 

2 
766 


Insert offset folio 837 here 98942A.739

When it was passed, the Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act (Act) of 1998 

allowed Alaska Natives who served in active duty in the U. S. Armed Forces for at least six 

months during 1969 through 1971 and were honorably discharged to apply for allotments within 

18 months of the implementation of rules pursuant to the Act. It also allowed the heirs of 

otherwise qualified veterans who died during the Vietnam War or as a direct result of injuries 

sustained during the war to apply on behalf of the estate of the deceased veteran. As a result of 

this, approximately 1110 Alaska Natives who served in active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces 

during that time became eligible to apply for Native allotments. 

By the Numbers 

We put together the following statistics after researching the land records of Bureau of Land 

Management: 

• 1,071 Alaska Native veterans of the Vietnam War applied for Native Allotments pursuant 

to the existing authority as authorized by The Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Act, PL1 05-276.4 It is assumed the majority of the applicants applied for the maximum acreage 

authorized, 160 acres. 

• Of those applications, 432 were certified, or approved, by the Bureau of Land 

Management5 involving a total of26,914.78 acres of land. 

The Bureau of Land Management rejected a total of 639 applications for Native Allotments by 

the Nam veterans representing a total of 69,176.29 acres of lands.6 The following is a summary 

of the primary reasons for the rejections: 

I. 175 applications were rejected because the cause of applicant's demise was other than 

those set out in the regulations. 

2. 124 applications were rejected because lands were no longer in federal ownership. These 

lands may have been transferred to the State of Alaska or the ANCSA corporations. 

3. 74 applications were rejected because the Lands were withdrawn for national 

conservations systems as follows: Tongass National Forest: 49; Chugach National Forest: 

15; National Wildlife Refuges: 6; Annette Island Reserve: 3; National Parks: I 

4. 266 Native Allotment applications by the Alaska Native veterans of the Nam Era were 

rejected for other reasons. 

136 of the Alaska Native veterans appealed the rejections of their applications;7 the record seems 

to indicate that all of the appeals were unsuccessful. P.L. I 05-276 mandates that veterans can 

only apply for lands that are vacant, unappropriated, and unreserved. As you know, almost all of 

4 Bureau of land Management regarding PllOS-276 5 1bid 

6 1bid 

7 1bid 

3 
767 


Insert offset folio 838 here 98942A.740

the lands in Alaska are appropriated and reserved, so veterans were very limited on where they 

could select land from. 

One of the most stunning things we found is that all the parcels of land applied for as Native 

Allotments by the Alaska Native veterans who became eligible under the existing authority in the 

following regions were rejected: Sealaska Comoration, Cook Inlet Region, Inc., Chugach Alaska 

Corporation and the Arctic Slope Regional Corporation. 

In the Sealaska Region, the primary reason for the rejections oflands applied for as Native 

Allotments is because the creation of the Tongass National Forest predates the lands applied for 

as Native Allotments by Alaska Native veterans of the Vietnam War. The Tongass National 

Forest, the nation's largest national forest, was created by President Theodore Roosevelt by a 

Presidential Proclamation on 10 September 1907.8 

In the Cook Inlet Region, Inc. and the Chugach Alaska Corporation, the primary reason for the 

rejections of lands applied for as Native Allotments is because the creation of the Chugach 

National Forest predates the lands applied for as Native Allotments. The Chugach National 

Forest was created as a national forest on July 23, 1907.9 In addition to this, almost all the lands 

located in these regions of Alaska are owned privately or were selected by the State of Alaska. 

In the Arctic Slope Region, the creation of the National Petroleum Reserve- Alaska (NPR-A), 

the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve predated 

the veterans allotment applications. The NPR-A was created in 1923. 10 President Eisenhower 

established ANWR in 1960. 11 Gates of the Arctic was declared a National Park and Preserve in 

the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act, which became law in 1980. 12 

Another issue veterans faced in trying to apply for allotments under the 1998 Act was confusion 

in the Bureau of Indian Affairs- we heard from one veteran who drove 400 miles round-trip 

from his village to Anchorage to apply for an allotment and he said the BIA did not know what 

he was talking about so he never applied. 

The Current Bill 

5.1955 will allow Alaska Native military veterans who served between August 5, 1964 and May 

7, 1975 to apply for an allotment. This year marks the 401

h anniversary of the end of the Vietnam 

War. We have lost a lot of veterans in the years since who would have qualified for allotments 

under this new bill, so we are pleased to see that it will allow the heirs to apply for allotments on 

behalf of the estates of those veterans. 

Very importantly, this bill expands the land base that veterans can select allotments from. As 

mentioned above, not one single allotment has been granted to anyone in the Southeast, CIRI, 

8 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tongass National Forest 9 https://www.google.com/#q=chugach+national+forest 

10 http:!!www.blm.gov/ak/st/en/prog/energy/oil gas/npra.html 

u http:!!www.fws.gov/refuge/arctic/ 12 http:Uen.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve 

4 
768 


Insert offset folio 839 here 98942A.741

Chugach or Arctic Slope regions despite the many qualified and deserving veterans from those 

areas. This is wrong and needs to be rectified. 

The bill includes provisions that will let Alaska Native Corporations and the State of Alaska 

voluntarily give land back to the federal government to transfer to a veteran as an allotment. 

This provision will also help expand the land base that veterans can prove an allotment from. 

Mind you, veterans can'tjust choose a piece of land anywhere; it still has to be land that they 

have used. 

One section ofS. 1955 that we would like to ask you to change is on page 7, lines 13 and 14. 

This section currently says that the Secretary of the Interior must notify applicants by December 

31, 2017, if there is a potentially adverse interest in land they have selected. This bill provides 

for a three-year application window after the application regulations are promulgated, so that 

December 2017 date will not line up with the end of the application period. Further, we would 

like to see that applications are processed in a timely manner. We propose that you change this 

to say the Secretary must notify applicants of a potential adverse interest within six months of 

receipt of their application. 

Also, some veterans received only partial allotments under the 1998 Act. We are not sure if 

Section (e) on Page 8 applies to those partial conveyances, so we would like to see that clarified 

to get each veteran a full allotment. 

Alaska Natives have a unique and spiritual connection to our lands. The Alaska Native 

community is united behind this bill. The Alaska Federation of Natives respectfully urges 

Congress to amend the Alaska Native Vietnam Veterans Allotment Act to allow more Alaska 

Native Vietnam veterans to apply for and receive their Native allotments. 

Conclusion 

The Vietnam War era veterans are an aging group and many of them are dying, this includes the 

American Indians and the Alaska Native veterans of that war. Some Alaska Native veterans who 

fought in the battlefield theaters of Southeast Asia are no longer with us and many will be gone 

before this year is over. Therefore, it is with some urgency that we ask you to pass this 

legislation before the 116'h Congress adjourns sine die. 

Quyana, Thank you. 

5 
769 


Insert offset folio 840 here 98942A.742

PO Box 1331 

Petersburg, AK 99833 

October 22, 2015 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee Office 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Fax: (202) 224-6163 

attn: Carla Ripchensky 

Hello Committee Members, 

Please include this letter in the hearing record for the Oct. 8th 

Committee hearing on S 872 and S 1955. 

I oppose S 872 - the "Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act" and S 1955 the 

"Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act". These bills are 

nothing more than an underhanded attempt to seize and privatize 

valuable public lands, for the primary benefit of the timber industry in 

SE Alaska This industry contributes only one percent to the regional 

economy. Fishing and tourism are the real economic drivers of our 

economy here and would be greatly harmed by yet another land grab as 

embodied by these bills. 

The Tongass National Forest belongs to the citizens of the United States 

along with the millions of dollars worth of taxpayer funded 

infrastructure; i.e. roads, bridges, years of National Forest planning, 

silvicultural treatments, millions of board feet of prime timberlands that 

will be exported in the round along with the jobs, essential fish and 

wildlife habitat, and on and on. The profits from laying waste to this 

crown jewel will go directly into the pockets of the brokers these bills will 

ultimately benefit. 

S 872 and S 1955 represent the third and forth attempts to allegedly, 

"once and for all, settle land claims in Alaska". In reality they constitute 

an apparent, continuous series of legislation, each claiming to achieve 

that purpose. First, the 1971 Alaska Native Claims Settle Act or ANCSA, 
770 


Insert offset folio 841 here 98942A.743

was aptly titled because it was intended to "settle" aboriginal land claims 

once and for all. However, late last year, as payback for campaign debts, 1 

Senator Murkowski succeeded in passing the highly unpopular 2014 

"Southeast Alaska Native Land Entitlement Finalization and Jobs 

Protection Act". (S 730) - the second piece of major legislation that 

alleged to finalize lands claims in Alaska. Failing to muster broad public 

support, the Senator used political gimmickry to attach this and other 

lands legislation to the wholly unrelated and must-pass National Defense 

Authorization Act. 

Even the Senator proclaimed upon it's passage: 

"Some 43 years after passage of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, 

the federal government will finally finish paying the debt we owe Natives 

for the settlement of their aboriginal land claims." 2 

Clearly, her words ring hollow. Predictably, the reopening of ANSCA with 

S. 730 created a Pandora's box of continuous native land claims in 

Alaska. Only three months after she proclaimed final settlement, she 

proposed S 872 and Sullivan followed with introduction of S 1955. The 

latest bills, introduced by Senators Murkowski and Sullivan also purport 

to settle allegations that "some how or the other" additional classes of 

Natives were treated inequitably from other beneficiaries of ANSCA. The 

Senator's intent to create a revolving door of land claims in perpetuity is 

clear. 

During Ms. Murkowski's questioning of BLM representative David Ellis 

during the committee hearing, she confused waiting in line as a 

qualification to receive benefits. 

"David I would say the landless in SE have been waiting some 44 years. They would 

like to get in the queue" 

1 This bill was highly unpopular in SE Alaska and was largely perceived as a payoff from 

Senator Murkowski to "Alaskans Standing Together'', the Sealaska Super Pac responsible for 

funding Senator Murkowski's write-in election campaign. Ethics questions about Murkowski's 

Alaska deals. http://www.sfexaminer.com/politics/Ethics-guestions-about-Murkowski s-Alaska· 

deals-127 4886-1 05376033.html#ixzz13AilhwE2 

2 Sen. Murkowski Applauds Final Passage of Sealaska Lands Bill. !Jttp1l 

www.energy.senate.gov/public/jndex.cfm/2014/12/sen-murkowski·applauds-fjnal-passage-ofsealaska-lands·bill 

2 
771 


Insert offset folio 842 here 98942A.744

Clearly, waiting in line does not qualify an individual or group for 

anything, not does it offer any assurance that native entitlements will 

end anytime soon. Exactly where is the end of the line? 

However, in response to Murkowski's questioning, Mr. Ellis succinctly 

responded: 

"ANSCA was all encompassing and completing it is the best way to be fair . 

... three ofthem went through an appeal process. They were uh, turned 

down on that appeal. " My experience also and my career has been - there 

are always other people looking over the fence, and we are concerned 

about opening this issue back up with how bringing this other piece to 

closure." 

Moreover, Senator Murkowski calls these land grabs as "limited 

conveyances". They would however authorize a massive privatization of 

public lands, amounting to 115,200 acres that all SE Alaskans directly 

depend on for their livelihoods. 

Ms Murkowski expressed outrage during questioning of those who 

testified, a tactic she often uses to feign concern, that the natives of SE 

Alaska were supposedly treated inequitably: 

"These are the people who have been living in the Tongass, raising their 

families in the Tongass, educating their children in the Tongass ... " 

I submit that this includes all SE Alaskans who work, educate their 

children and raise their families and who all depend upon the Tongass -

not just a one group of individuals. Indeed, all Southeast Alaskans lives 

matter. 

It is clear that Senator Murkowski, who worked closely with Sealaska 

Corporate representatives, used S. 730 to open reopen ANSCA and an 

endless series of land legislation, despite he proclamations to the 

contrary. 3 

3 "Sealaska Corporation representatives told a group of about 70 Wrangell citizens, including 

representatives from the Wrangell Landless, that if a controversial legislation that would allow 

Sealaska to select lands were to pass, it could serve as precedent for the Wrangell Landless in 

their goal of acquiring land ..... "A lot of land issues in Alaska have lost some traction, and we're 

hoping with our bill to lay the foundation to get some things done on Alaska native land issues," 

Araujo said. Legal precedent involving this piece of legislation has been a hot topic .... In March 

a member of Sen. Lisa Murkowski's staff told Petersburg residents that this bill would not be 

used as precedent." http://www wrangell sentinel com/old websjte/Stories/04151 Osealaska.htm 

3 
772 


Insert offset folio 843 here 98942A.745

Finally, I request that this legislation die in committee. However, if it 

remains alive, I request that field hearings be held throughout SE Alaska 

but NOT during the summer months when Alaskans are busiest earning 

a living. 

Sincerely, 

Rebecca Knight 

see attachment below 

4 
773 


Insert offset folio 844 here 98942A.746

October 5, 2015. The aftermath - ten months after passage of S. 730 pristine forestland 

on the Cleveland Peninsula was liquidated. This will be the same fate for land included 

in S. 782 and S 1 955. 

5 
774 


Insert offset folio 845 here 98942A.747

League of Conservation Voters ! The Trust for Public Land ! The Pew Charitable Trusts 

Conservation Lands Foundation 1 The Wilderness Society I National Parks Conservation Association 

California Wilderness Coalition 1 California League of Conservation Voters 1 Mattole Restoration Council 

Carrizo Plain Conservancy I Fort Ord Recreation Trails Friends I Mendocino Land Trust 1 Tuleyomc 

Piedras Blancas Monument Initiative I Friends of the Point Arena-Stornetta Lands I Sanctuary Forest 

Lost Coast Interpretive Association 1 Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve I Friends of Pioneertown 

October 7, 2015 

Honorable Barbara Boxer 

U.S. Senate 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Honorable Dianne Feinstein 

U.S. Senate 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senators: 

The undersigned express our strong support for S. 1971, the California Coastal National 

Monument Expansion Act. We appreciate your decades-long efforts to spearhead 

innovative solutions to protect and strengthen the environment and the economy of coastal 

California. With a growing cadre of outstanding coastal properties now being managed by 

the Bureau of Land Management, the California Coastal National Monument and the vision 

for its future are now even more important. The California Coastal National Monument, 

first established by President Clinton in 2000 continues to evolve and grow. When the 

California Coastal National Monument was first created, the monument consisted of 20,000 

rocks and islands. Since that time and thanks to your leadership, the Point Arena-Stornetta 

public lands have been added to the monument and six others are now being considered. 

Since the designation of the PointArena-Stornetta Public Lands in 2014 by President 

Obama, communities in Mendocino County and the City of Point Arena have embraced the 

first on-shore addition of the California Coastal National Monument. The annual Discover 

the Coast Event continues to be a success and a new organization has formed in Point 

Arena to help with the stewardship, promotion and protection of the on-shore area of the 

monument. Events with the local tribe, schools, community groups and the Point Arena 

Light House Association have brought more visitors to the town of Point Arena to access 

the national monument, enjoy the incredible views, shop in local stores, eat at nearby 

restaurants and markets and stay in the local inns. 

Communities up and down the coast have seen the benefit of the Point Arena-Stornetta 

designation and are rallying to bring the monument on-shore in other places. This includes 

the 1500 people that turned out in Santa Cruz to applaud the Cotoni-Coast Dairies 

proposal, which now has 10,000 signatures on a petition calling for expansion. Support has 

also come from such groups as the San Simeon Chamber of Commerce and from the 

Trinidad Coastal Land Trust in the north. With community groups organizing for 

conservation up and down the California Coast, support continues to grow everyday. 
775 


Insert offset folio 846 here 98942A.748

We supportS. 1971's objective of adding BLM lands up and down the coast to create a 

network of public access and interpretation opportunities while protecting important 

coastal resources for generations to enjoy. Along with State and National Parks, the ELM's 

California Coastal National Monument will be seen as integral to the web of coastal 

protections Americans have long been seeking. Adding these areas to BLM's National 

Conservation Lands will also help ensure their sustainable management, and benefit 

visitors through a consistent visitor experience and robust community partnerships. With 

the help of local community gateway groups and friends groups our organizations look 

forward to working together with your offices to better educate the public about the 

growing monument and the way in which the BLM's National Conservation Lands are 

important to the state and the nation. 

The undersigned organizations supportS. 1971, and thank you for your efforts to expand 

the California Coastal National Monument. 

Sincerely, 

~~ J 

Gene Karpinksi 

President 

League of Conservation Voters 

Will Rogers 

President and CEO 

The Trust for Public Land 

MikeMatz 

Director, U.S. Public Lands 

The Pew Charitable Trusts 

~fiV/ Brian O'Donnell 

Executive Director 

Conservation Lands Foundation 

Dan Smuts 

Senior Regional Director for California 

The Wilderness Society 

Ani Kame'enui 

Director, Natural Resource Policy 

National Parks Conservation Association 

Ryan Henson 

Senior Policy Director 

CalWild (California Wilderness Coalition) 

/s/ 

Sarah Rose 

Chief Executive Officer 

California League of Conservation Voters 
776 


Insert offset folio 847 here 98942A.749

Cassie Pinnell 

Executive Director 

Mattole Restoration Council 

Stephanie Wald 

Secretary 

Carrizo Plain Conservancy 

Henrietta Stern 

President 

Fort Ord Recreation Trails Friends 

Ann Cole 

Executive Director 

Mendocino Land Trust 

/~ < 

Sara Husby 

Executive Director 

Tuleyome 

Donovan Marley 

Director 

Piedras Blancas Monument Initiative 

/~.,_ ~ ::l}w.{f7!,f 

Leslie Dahlhoff 

Co-Chair 

Friends of the Point Arena-Stornetta Lands 

~~ 1!1; 14L ,~ TashaMckee 

Executive Director 

Sanctuary Forest 

Cheryl Lisin 

President 

Lost Coast Interpretive Association 

Dave Miller 

President 

Friends of Big Morongo Canyon Preserve 

Friends of Pioneertown 
777 


Insert offset folio 848 here 98942A.750

Ripchens!<y. Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

QNDY LEASK <cindy045@centurytel.net> 

Thursday, October 15, 2015 12:33 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Letter of Support for the Landless Legislation: S. 872 

Please except my letter of support 

October 15, 2015 

Darla Ripchensky, Chief Clerk Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Senators of the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, 

I am writing urging your support for S.872 introduced by Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, entitled "the Unrecognized 

Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act". For over 40 years Five Alaska Native 

Communities in Southeast Alaska, Haines, Tenakee, Petersburg, Wrangell, and Ketchikan have fought to gain rightful 

inclusion as Native Village or Urban Corporations under the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971. For unknown 

reasons the five landless communities all of which are historic native communities were left out of the final settlement 

act as it was adopted. This has been devastating to the moral, social and economic wellbeing of the Native Southeast 

Alaskans who have called these villages home since time immemorial. 

Unlike other Alaska Native villages that were recognized under ANCSA, our communities have not been able to use the 

tools provided by ANCSA to create an economic engine by utilizing resources our lands offer to promote the wellbeing of 

our tribal members. While others have been able to offer jobs, educational, and social programs for their members we 

have not. Many of our Elder's have now passed on without realizing the benefits of the settlement act which was meant 

to compensate Alaska Natives for the vast amounts of land taken from our traditional homelands. It is time to right this 

wrong, not only for the current generation, but also for our children and grandchildren into the future. 

Granting recognition to the five landless communities not only will benefit our native tribal members, but also will 

benefit all residents of these communities by providing new opportunities that all can be a part of. 

I urge you to support this legislation and remedy the injustice our people have endured. 

Sincerely, 

Lucinda Leask 
778 


Insert offset folio 849 here 98942A.751

Senator John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Senator Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining Subcommittee 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden, 

October 6, 2015 

My name is Judi Lehmann and I am a resident of Sitka, Alaska. I am writing to you 

today about Senate Bill 872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

Recognition and Compensation Act, which is due to be head before the subcommittee 

you sit on on Thursday, Oct 8. I strongly urge you to reject the bill as it currently stands. 

I am a longtime resident of Southeast Alaska and consider the Tongass National Forest 

my home. The Tongass belongs to all of us. It is public land. I fish along Tongass 

streams, harvest berries along Tongass mountainsides, and take my grandkids for walks 

along Tongass trails. I use and depend on the Tongass every day and am deeply invested 

in its future. 

Senate Bill 872, as it currently stands, is a land grab. It it an attempt to transfer federal 

land, which has more stringent protections, to private land. Under the current version of 

this bill, new village corporations will be able to "preference ... land with commercial 

purposes." This means these new corporations will be able to choose the most 

economically profitable land across the Tongass, regardless of its proximity and 

historical connection to the community in question. These lands, which will most likely 

be logged, could come out of National Park land like Glacier Bay and National 

Wilderness Areas like Admiralty Island and Misty Fjords. Previous acts of Congress 

protected these valuable lands and stated they should be made off-limits to possible 

selections. It would be a grave mistake to put these lands once again on the selection 

table. 

Last year, with the finalizing of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act, Senator 

Murkowski said herself that the federal government had finish paying "The debt we owe 

Natives for the settlement of their aboriginal land claim." So why does she continue to 

push for more federal land to be transferred into private hands? 

The Tongass National Forest is an area protected for all of us and is managed to 

represent a broad set of values. Privatization, of any form, jeopardizes this and shifts the 

management goals to a solely economic development focus. 
779 


Insert offset folio 850 here 98942A.752

Please keep Tongass National Forest land public so that all Americans can continue to 

enjoy its benefits for generations to come. 

Sincerely, 

Judi Lehmann 

Sitka, Alaska 
780 


Insert offset folio 851 here 98942A.753

Gentlefolk: 

I am writing in opposition to S872, the so called "Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act." 

I will outline my reasons below more reasons below, but this bill is based on what is 

clearly a misrepresentation of the Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) 

report of 1992 regarding ANCSA and the five communities for whom this bill is written. 

The bill states that Alaska Natives from the 5 unlisted communities "have been 

inadvertently and wrongly denied the cultural and financial benefits of enrollment in 

Village or Urban Corporations". The ISER report never states or implies this, and in fact, 

a letter from Lee Gorsuch, director of ISER, to a reporter from NPR clearly states this 

(see attached). 

Not only is this bill not needed, it unnecessarily reopens the ANCSA question, 

particularly troublesome since Senator Murkowski recently passed a controversial lands 

bill to settle Sealaska Corporations claims under ANCSA and finally settle all the 

ANCSA provisions in Southeast Alaska. 

Even if one fails to heed warnings that this bill is not legally justified and may open a 

huge can of worms relative to ANCSA, which was to be the settlement for all time, and 

not subject to continual modifications, this bill has many egregious problems. 

As Senator Murkowski should know from working with all the compromises necessary to 

pass the Sealaska Lands Bill, determining lands to be provided to corporations is highly 

controversial and needs to be done with great care and by working with all parties 

involved, namely the corporations and the public, who currently uses these lands for 

recreation, subsistence and guided hunting and fishing, and other cultural and economic 

reasons. 

This bill proposes to let the new corporations select from any federally held land in SE 

Alaska, including areas protected as Wilderness, LUD II, roadless, and lands that include 

infrastructure paid for by US taxpayers, including roads, log transfer facilities and 

buildings. Talk about a way to create rifts among Southeast Alaskans! Hunters, tourism 

outfits, conservationists and all the people living in areas where land claims may occur 

deserve to have their voices heard in this discussion. 

ANCSA originally clearly defined and limited areas where lands could be selected. The 

new broader option opens the door to claims from prior ANCSA recipients who will feel 

unfairly treated with some justification. 

S 872 is clearly not necessary. It also threatens to reopen rifts among Southeast Alaskans, 

develop lands that have been determined to meet needs for wildlife and wildness, as well 

as giving away infrastructure that has been paid for by the American taxpayers. 
781 


Insert offset folio 852 here 98942A.754

If, in your wisdom, you feel it is necessary to compensate these 5 communities, I highly 

recommend finding ways other than providing land to accomplish this goal. Cash or 

other less controversial means will provide quicker income for the recipients, many of 

whom are getting older and need the income now, and would avoid most of the 

controversies incumbent in conveying land. 

If you choose to convey land, it is absolutely incumbent on you to make sure that this is 

done only after extensive consultations with the communities and organizations that 

together make Southeast Alaska a wonderful place to live. 

Sincerely, 

Stephen Lewis 
782 


Insert offset folio 853 here 98942A.755

• . " 

UNIVERSITY OF ALASKA ANCHORAGE 

SCHOOL OF PUBLIC AFFAIRS 

Amy MUI¢t, 

l2 t 1 trov!d-tncc Otjvt 

And~ortgot, Alub 9<>S08 

A!B..ska P\Jbltc Radto Nerwork 1 Petersburg 

P"" number 77<•9190 

Pear Ms. Mnter: 

!!'1511'1\m 01' SOCIAL AND 6CONOMIC ~SSEARCH 

t901) 786·11l0 fAX (9()1) 1a&l1J9 

December 7, t99J 

WhUe drMng to work this tnomtng and ltsterung H> KSKA, twas surprtxd to heaT your story on 

the draft report. A S!Udyofl'tve SU.II"'mAI<ISha C.mmuntues, that we WTote for the U.S. Pot<st Servi<e and other federalageneie3. The story was tna<~vrote and d!Sappotnttng. No one hm et!SeR w .. coruao1ed for the story. lf you had cane a me or Steve Colt, ""' could have potnted out several things that would have tmpwvcd tht: .ac...ilracy or th<: "$tory. 

First, the report is sun n draft and not a ftnal report. It's not unheard of for draft repons to receive 

new$ coverage. but we pr.pare amfis so knowledgeable revtewm can help us nnd any omtsstons or !Mtakes or other shottcomlnj!$ before we reach the final vmlon. But the fat1 that the doo.tment li a draft !$less tmponant th.an the ~t that you reporr:ea the substance of che report tn.accurately. 

We were llSked.. as we repon(:d. 1n the pre fact to the repon:, m ex.amtne two bw•ll L1,.~uu: (1) whttt 

lS the avatlable !actual eV1dence on why Congre" dtnttd the Civt :stUdy wmmunttia the author1ty to 

fonn vtlla&e or urb.m corporat10ns under the Alasl<a Native Cla1ms Settlement Act (ANCS/1); and (2) how does hlstortcal "'"' and occ<Jpan<:y In the five study communities compare with use and occupancy In other SOutheast communltle3 that rect!ved land under ANCSA. ll<«<use they we"' dented the authoHty !o form. vtUase: or urban ~orporattotu, the n"~ study communtltes m:eived no land e:mHlements. The 5rudy 

villages were not, however (as you reported), d~nled all benefits under ANCSA. Quaitl'led restdent.s or those vfl\ag<S rewved c d the ar< a<-large membe<> of Sealaska rcgtona! corporation, 

ThiS rep on wtn be pres.enttd to Congress. congress wm dect<le what H any changes ,, ; ma"kc tn 

the 1tatU$ of the ftve $tudy VII !.age,, ba3ed on tht' report and other s.ourcts. rt was not in ou'l' scope of 

work to make recommtndation5-jll.St to present factual tnronnatlon, 

We're a1w11ys: gtad to ~ce\ve news coverage oC our wotk, and Wt have. 1n th~ past relt th~l the 

AWka Puhltc Rad10 Nerwork provided fair and. a1..'curate coverage. We would \ike you to set the:: record S!!>ight by atrtng a COrttOtiOn of this story. If you have any questlom!11 be glad to Utik to you. 

C9~.+- Dtn:ctor, lSl!R 

7116-7710 

A DIVISION OF THF. !JN!VfRS!TY OF AlASKA STATEWIDE SYSTEM OF HIOHRl\ EDUCATION 
783 


Insert offset folio 856 here 98942A.758

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Darla 

James Lichatowich <jalich@comcastnet> 

Wednesday, October 07, 2015 12:26 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Senate Bill1448 

I strongly support passage of Senate Bill1448 the Frank Moore Wild Steel head Sanctuary Act of 2015. I agree with the 

testimony of the Wild Salmon Center and Pacific Rivers. No one is more deserving of this recognition than Frank Moore. 

In my opinion, Frank has earned this recognition many times over through his life-long dedication to the stewardship of 

the North Umpqua River and its native salmon and steelhead. Frank1S conservation message goes beyond his home river 

and is recognized and respected throughout the Pacific Northwest. Frank Moore the conservationist is deserving of the 

award, but so is Frank Moore the American. He is one of those rare individuals that I would call an American treasure. I 

honestly cannot find the words that express the strength of my support for Frank Moore and the steelhead sanctuary. 

Jim Lichatowich 

Columbia City, Oregon 

jalich@comcast.net 
784 


Insert offset folio 857 here 98942A.759

Ripchensl<y. Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Ms. Ripchensky: 

Anita <anita_macauley@yahoo.com> 

Friday, October 16, 2015 9:08 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

S. 872 Wrangell Landless 

I am writing in support ofS.872.1 am an enrolled member of the Tlingittribe born in Wrangell, Alaska in 1975. (Tiingit & 

Haida). 

I was not born when ANSCA was created in 1971 but I had shares from Klukwan Inc. (village corp) gifted to me. I am also 

a Sea Iaska shareholder via inheritance. 

My grandfather (Lloyd Rinehart) is the uncle of Richard Rinehart, Jr., a current Sea Iaska board member. In 1971, my 

grandfather enrolled his children in Klukwan and was an advocate for land and clan-based governance of tribes. He 

strongly believed in clan-based leadership. 

Even though I do not currently stand to benefit due to the fact I do not own Wrangell landless shares, I support the 

Wrangell landless because I believe the people of Wrangell (and heirs) should be able to self-govern and to make their 

own choices. 

I do believe that the language of s. 872 as written could be more strongly worded to clarify that the new landless 

corporation should be autonomous and separate from Sea Iaska. 

My feelings about Sea Iaska are mixed, I do not feel the corporation model has served native communities well because 

it has divorced the people from their land and caused profit-making interests to supersede the best interests of our 

tribe. We need a model going forward that will allow our people to care for our people -and our land- while making 

choices for future generations- not short term profits. 

I do not feel Sealaska has been transparent about their profit structure and I also do not feel they have shared those 

profits with their most vulnerable shareholders. We have seen examples of Sealaksa logging and destroying habitat that 

would directly otherwise support the subsistence lifestyle of native people, and yet not share (or share very little) of the 

benefits with shareholders. We have seen Sealaksa and its subsidiaries export whole logs to Asia without benefit to the 

local economies or mills which could put people in theSE to work. 

In short, due to the lack of clarity inS. 872 about the relationship between Sea Iaska and the Wrangell landless, I feel 

Sealaska would unduly influence the Wrangell landless into resource extraction and poor management of the scenic, 

recreational, and ecological value of the selected land. This is evident through Sea Iaska's willingness to partner with Lisa 

Murkowski. I see lisa's support of the Slandless communities as a thinly veiled attempt to get more land into private 

ownership to be exploited and ruined- all to make a short term profit. Future generations depend on making the right 

decisions here and I strongly support giving the land to the Wrangell landless without condition -except that it be 

located on Wrangell Island so they have a stake in not seeing our homelands- my birthplace- further degraded. The 

subsistence living is a part of the way of life and I have a strong interest in seeing that way of life continue. 

All that said, I support the passage of S. 872. I feel that the Wrangell landless need as much autonomy and 

independence from Sealaska as possible so they can truly self govern. For this reason I urge you to amend the language 

so that each communities' selections be made from land contiguous to those 5 communities. l also urge you to write in 
785 


Insert offset folio 858 here 98942A.760

language that expressly outlines the autonomy of each of the 5 communities. Sea Iaska has not served us well and these 

communities deserve their chance to do better lor their people. 

Thank you lor your time. 

Sincerely, 

Anita MacAuley 

6144 SE Woodstock Blvd. 

Portland, Oregon 97206 

(503) 799-2862 
786 


Insert offset folio 859 here 98942A.761

Ripchensl<y. Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Cc: 

outlook_8d267!c011069feb@outlook.com on behalf of Carolyn Martin 

<gbaymuffin@yahoo.com> 

Thursday, October 08, 2015 5:02 AM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy); Carolyn Martin 

Buck Lindekugel; Doug Mertz; Carolyn & John Martin 

Members of the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee, 

I am presenting a written document in lieu of a video clip that was prepared for this hearing. 

Gunal'cheesh gaaw ux' jeet ye teeyi ya x'ax' da taani ha tlatke daat. 

(Thank you for allowing me time to speak about our Tribal lands in Tenakee.) 

Keiheenouk' yu x'at duwa sakw lingit xei nax. 

(My lingit name is Keiheenouk') 

My English name is John Martin, Sr. I was born and raised in Tenakee, Alaska. I am the Clan Leader for the 

members of the Sockeye House. Our Clans occupied and utilized all of the traditional lands in the 

Tenakee/Hoonah/Angoon area until we were forced to move to Hoonah to enable the children to attend 

the Hoonah Territorial School. My parents had a place to live and a beautiful garden that provided our 

family with fresh vegetables for the dinner table. We had access to all species of fish in the waters of 

Tenakee Inlet and nearby. 

I opposes. 872, as it is written. our true lingit people want culture and language. We oppose 

corporations. They are profit-making corporations and have nothing to do with traditional cultural 

values. The future of our traditional culture depends on safeguarding the integrity of the indigenous habitat 

that remain in this Senate Bill as it is written, will convey indigenous habitat to a short-term, profit-driven 

corporation, the antithesis of traditional culture. 

Some people say that they represent Tenakee and that's a fallacy. They were not born there and did not 

live there as children. They were not occupants of our traditional lands. I am a blood descendant and was 

placed in leadership properly by our forefathers. 

Tenakee is the last Tlingit village in Southeast Alaska that is not corrupted by corporations. Please help us 

keep it that way! Don't let the corporation steal our Lingit land! 

The Federal Government with Governor Brady, allowed the Tsimpshians to have their cultural village on 

Lingit land. Please consider filling the balance by doing the same for the Lingit blood descendants to have 

Tenakee as a Lingit cultural village to keep our culture, language, songs and dance alive for our Children and 

grandchildren. 
787 


Insert offset folio 860 here 98942A.762

We have less than eight fluent Lingit speakers in the northern saltwater area. Don't let our language 

die. This also was a vision of the late William Paul, Lingit Attorney from the village of Wrangell, Alaska. 

Thank you very much for your time. 

John Martin, Sr. 

POBox20403 

Juneau, AK 99802 
788 


Insert offset folio 862 here 98942A.764

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Dear Darla & David: 

Stan Moberly <stan.moberly@gmail.com> 

Sunday, October 04, 2015 7:03 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy); Brooks, David (Energy) 

Senate bill is S. 872 " Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition 

and Compensation Act" 

Would you please see that my letter is send to Senators Barrasso & Wyden and copied to the 

appropriate MOC. 

Thank you, 

SA Moberly 

Senators Jon Barrasso and Ron Wyden: 

Re: Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Mining and Forests 

Dear Senators: 

I would like to express my opposition to S. 872! 

I realize part of your job is to give away our commonly held natural resources. But, its part of your job to help 

protect and manage these resources too! These resources belong to all of us and we Alaskans who live in the 

Tongass National Forest are especially offended by these repeated legislative introductions, by our Alaskan 

delegation, to give these commonly held resources to a few. 

We have been over this time, and again. The conclusions reached in the past, regarding the obligations of the 

Federal government via ANCSA are clear and conclusive. 

I do not understand how you can ignore the findings in the study by the University of Alaska's Institute of 

Social & Economic Research in 1994. You and your staff have to be well acquainted with the results of this 

study; after all, this was a congressionally directed study! 

I understand your motivation to play the part of standing up for those alleged to have been overlooked in the 

original ANCSA settlement. But, this issue has been addressed repeatedly and upon review and analysis the 

conclusion is the same! You need to fulfill your obligation to stand up for the remainder of the Alaskans that 

would be harmed by this legislation. I live in the Tongass forest and I am offended (bewildered) that you don't 

consider my feelings. 

Reopening the ANCSA settlement and allowing a few Alaskans to grab resources that belong to us all is just 

plain wrong! 

I think it is time to face up to this small group of your constituents and be honest with them. It's over! It has 

been studied and reaffirmed to be fair so please stop bring this up again and again. 

Sincerely, 
789 


Insert offset folio 863 here 98942A.765

S.A. Moberly 

606 East Tenakee Avenue, East 

Tenakee Springs, AK 99841 USA 

stan.moberlyialgmail.com 

CC: Senators Murkowski & Sullivan 

Congressman Don Young 
790 


Insert offset folio 864 here 98942A.766

Honorable Senator Feinstein 

United States Senate 

331 Hart Senate Office Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Oct 20,2015 

Re: Mojave National Preserve Conservancy's letter of support for the California Desert Conservation and 

Recreation Act of 2015 

Senator Feinstein, 

Thank you for your continued leadership, partnership, and outstanding support for the California desert. 

The Mojave National Preserve Conservancy is a small, board-led non-profit organization with 

approximately 100 members and having the distinction of being the "Friends Group" to Mojave National 

Preserve. We connect new audiences to the Preserve, we hold Star Party's with NASA to celebrate the 

Preserve's deep night sky, we execute restoration projects in and around the Preserve, and excitingly, 

we fund student groups to have their first National Park experiences by visiting the Preserve. 

Communities, businesses, organizations, and elected officials across the California desert have been 

working on the CDPA, now CDCRA for years. We have been impressed by the thoughtful grassroots 

process and the inclusion, consideration and ultimately the resolution of any concerns we have raised. 

As a small friends group, we do not generally take political positions. We do, however; support this 

important effort as this legislation holds many important benefits for communities we work with and in, 

and incredible benefits for Mojave National Preserve, our third largest park unit outside of Alaska. In 

particular, the addition of Castle Mountains to Mojave NP would protect the last unprotected part of the 

Lanfair watershed, protect a stunning and rare desert grassland, and provide the opportunity toreintroduce the pronghorn antelope back to the grasslands of the Mojave Desert. 

We stand with you and appreciate your excellent process to create community-focused legislation. 

Please let us know how we can further support this important effort. 

Respectfully, 

The Board of Directors for the Mojave National Preserve Conservancy 
791 


Insert offset folio 865 here 98942A.767

Begin forwarded message: 

From: "Moore, Kathleen Dean11 <kmoore@oregonstate.edu> 

Date: October 6, 2015 at 1:29:38 PM EDT 

To: "David Brooks@energy.senate.gov" <David Brooks@energy.senate.gov> 

Subject: Opposition to 58 872. Please enter in hearing record 

October 6, 2015 

To: Senator Jon Barrasso and Senator Ron Wyden 

Cc: Senator Lisa Murkowski and Senator Dan Sullivan 

Fr: Kathleen Moore, POB 37, Tenakee Springs, Alaska 99841 

Re: Unrecognized SE Alaska and Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act. s 872 

I write in opposition to Senate Bill, 872, which would break the terms of the long-established Alaska 

Native Claims Settlement Act by removing large amounts ofTongass National Forest land from the 

protection of public ownership and giving it to Native corporations for "economic development." I am a 

writer, an ethicist; I live during the summer months at the edge of the Tongass Forest in Tenakee 

Springs. The proposed bill would cause trouble; destruction of the ecological integrity of the old-growth 

forest and salmon rivers, the foundation of theSE Alaskan economy; and injustice.let me explain: 

Trouble. The proposed Act would be the first significant breach of the agreements encoded in the Alaska 

Native Claims Settlement Act. That Act is widely respected in Alaska as a model of negotiation and 

compromise, a bulwark that prevented endless litigation and struggle over land claims. If it is breached 

in Southeast Alaska- if five new Native corporations are allowed to back out of an agreement that they 

once fully endorsed and benefited from, if they demand and are granted large new land claims for 

economic development- it will be the beginning of many land conflicts in Alaska, as others break the 

promise of their ANCSA agreements and expect to be granted the same new benefits. 

Of course, this is perhaps one of the intentions of the bill -to throw open lands that have been closed to 

exploitation, to use Native corporations in a cynical ploy to pass lands from public ownership, through 

Native corporations, to the extractive industries/ mining and logging especially. And not just in 

Southeast, but across Alaska. That's trouble. 

Threats to the integrity of SE Alaska's economic base in sustainable fisheries and forest products. The 

bill would allow Native Corporations to claim private ownership of whatever lands they wanted from the 

cultural and ecological commons that is known as the Tongass Forest. The proposed terms are so 

generous that, in Tenakee Inlet where I live, the Corporation could lay claim to every single salmon-river 

valley, even those protected by other legislation. What can we expect then, given the economicdevelopment imperatives that restrict the choices of Native corporations? What are they to do? And 

what is to prevent industrial-scale logging of ancient trees in those valleys, laying waste to the salmon 
792 


Insert offset folio 866 here 98942A.768

that local economies depend on, destroying the tourist industry, and ruining what is one of the world's 

most important carbon sinks? 

Injustice. SB 872 would add new layers of injustice to the injustice that Native Americans continue to 

endure. First, there is the issue of comparative justice. If some Native corporations can back out of their 

agreements in ANCSA and gain land, shouldn't this option be open to all, in the interests of fairness? 

Second, there is the issue of distributive justice. It is simply untrue that (as the legislative materials 

claim) the members of SE tribes were not carefully considered and compensated; they were granted 

both land and monetary compensation as members of SEALASKA. I can't imagine that it was enough, 

given Native ownership of all Alaska at one time; but it was a hard-brokered and shared effort to 

achieve some sort of fair distribution among all the claimants. 

The flood of litigation that would be encouraged by SB 872, the de-stabilization of efforts to protect land 

for the common good, the transfer of land from public to private hands, and the industrial-scale 

development that would be enabled- all these are so obviously against the public interest and the 

commonweal that they have of course to be misrepresented as something else entirely. So here this 

legislation comes, thinly masked as an effort to gain land for Native communities. 

I am in favor of returning many traditional lands to Native communities, so that the land and the people 

can find sustenance in one another. Already, there are good, win-win plans in place around Southeast 

Alaska and co-operative talks continue. But this whole-sale, unlimited, pass-through of land from the 

commons to the Native corporations to the industries that would exploit them, is not the way to go 

about that. Please do not let this counter-productive legislation go forward. 

Please enter this letter into the hearing record. 

Kathleen Dean Moore 

www.riverwalking.com 

www.moralground.com 

kdm@riverwalking.com 

www.facebook.com/riverwalking 
793 


Insert offset folio 869 here 98942A.771

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

PRESIDENT 

Brian Cladoosby 

SWinormshTnbe 

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT 

RanUyNoka 

NarragansettTnbe 

RECORDING SECRETARY 

Aaron Payment 

Sault Ste Mane TnbeofChippewa 

lndJansotMic/'llgan 

TREASURER 

Artan Melendel 

Reno Spal1<s Indian Colony 

REGIONAL VICEPRESIDENTS 

AlASKA 

Jerry Isaac 

Natwe Village of Tanacross 

EASTERN OKLAHOMA 

S,JoeCrlttenden 

CherokeeNatj(){l 

GREAT PLAINS 

Leander McDonald 

SptniLakeNatron 

MIDWEST 

Roger Rader 

Pokagon Band of Fotawatorm 

NORTHEAST 

L.anceGumbs 

ShmnecocklndianNatiOn 

NORTHWEST 

Fawn Sharp 

Qumau/1 Jndum NatiOn 

PACIFIC 

Rosemary Morillo 

Soboba Band at Luiseno Indians 

ROCKY MOUNTAIN 

Ivan Posey Shoshone Tribe 

SOUTHEAST 

Ron Richardson 

HaJiwa-saponi Indian Tnbe 

SOUTHERN PLAINS 

Stephen Smith 

KbwaTnb€ 

SOUTHWEST 

Manuel Heart 

uteMountamuteTnbe 

WESTERN 

ArlanMelende:z: 

Reno Sparl:s lndiim Colony 

EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR 

Jacqueline Johnson Pata 

Tlmgit 

NCAI HEADQUARTERS 

1516 P Street, N.W 

Washington, DC 20005 

202.466.7767 

202.466.7797 fax 

www nca1 org 

NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS 

October 13,2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairman 

Subcomnllttee on Public Lands, Forests, 

and !\fining 

(; .S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

~atural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wydcn, Rankin,~ Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and 

lvfining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: NCAI Support for S. 872- The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

On behalf of the National Congress of American Indians (NCAI), the oldest, largest, 

and most representative American Indian and Alaska Native organization serving the 

broad interests of tribal governments and communities, I would like to thank the 

Subcommittee for holding a legislative hearing on S. 872- The Unrecognized Southeast 

Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act. NCAI strongly 

supports the legislation and urges swift passage. 

In 1971, Congress passed the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) to settle 

aboriginal land claims of Alaska ~acives and create r\laska Native Corporations to 

provide a means to pursue economic development for the benefit. llowever, five 

traditional Native villages were excluded from i\NCSA: Haines, Petersburg, Wrangell, 

Ketchikan, and Tenakee. To the best of our knowledge, no reasonable explanation has 

ever been offered for this exclusion. 

\Xlhile members of these five traditional Native villages have received revenue sharing 

under Section 7(i) of ANCSA as Urban shareholders of the Sealaska Corporation, they 

have not enjoyed the social, economic, and cultural benefits of owning shares in a 

Village, Urban, or Group Corporation. Additionally, these members have been deprived 

of the significant cultural benefit of owning an interest in lands located within and 

around our traditional homelands. 

Nearly forty-four years after ANCSA, it is time to finally complete its recognition of 

Native villages and land entitlement conveyance. S. 872 will recognize the five 

traditional Native communities in Southeast Alaska under the ANCSA, and authorize 

each to form an Urban Corporation. Further, it authorizes each of the newly formed 

Urban Corporations to receive certain settlement land pursuant to ANCSA. 

Passing this legislation ensures the continued economic and cultural benefits to the 

members of the fi.-e traditional Native Villages and secures Native ownership of many 

sacred and cultural sites in the Southeast Alaska region; preserving and protecting 

T1ingit, Haida, and Tsimshian cultural properties for current and future generations. 

Enclosed: NCAI Resolution #DEN-07-97 
794 


Insert offset folio 870 here 98942A.772

NC\I Letter- Support for S. 872- Page I 2 

I would like to thank you again for your support of S. 872. If you have any additional questions, please 

contact NCAI Staff Attorney & Legislative Counsel Colby Duren, cduren@ncai.org or (202) 466-7767. 

Sincerely, 

Jacqueline Pata 

Executive Director 
795 


Insert offset folio 871 here 98942A.773

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE 

PRES!Of"'T 

REGIONAl V!Cf·PRfS!OENTS 

NCAI HEADQUARTERS 

1301 ConnectkutAvcnue, l'.:W 

Suite 200 

NATIONAL CONGRESS OF AMERICAN INDIANS 

The National Congress of American Indians 

Resolution #DEN-07-097 

TITLE: Urging Congress to Recognize Landless Southeast Native Communities 

WHEREAS, we, the members of the National Congress of American Indians 

of the United States, invoking the divine blessing of the Creator upon our efforts and 

purposes, in order to preserve for ourselves and our descendants the inherent 

sovereign rights of our Indian nations, rights secured under Indian treaties and 

agreements with the United States, and all other rights and benefits to which we are 

entitled under the laws and Constitution of the United States, to enlighten the public 

toward a better understanding of the Indian people, to preserve Indian cultural values, 

and otherwise promote the health, safety and welfare of the Indian people, do hereby 

establish and submit the following resolution; and 

WHEREAS, the National Congress of American Indians (NCAl) was 

established in 1944 and is the oldest and largest national organization of American 

Indian and Alaska Native tribal governments; and 

WHEREAS, the Southeast Native communities of Haines, Ketchikan, 

Petersburg, Tenakee Springs, and Wrangell were not provided the authority under the 

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) to form Native Corporations; and 

WHEREAS, these communities comprise greater than 20% of the 

shareholders of the Sealaska Corporation; and 

WHEREAS, the five landless communities have, for more than three decades, 

sought congressional provision for their full eligibility for ANCSA benefits; and 

WHEREAS, Congress in 1993 commissioned a formal study to examine the 

reasons why the five communities were denied ANCSA eligibility; and 

WHEREAS, no reasonable explanation has ever been provided for not 

including Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee Springs, and Wrangell as 

communities which should be participating in the ANCSA settlement in the same 

manner as are the other Native communities of Alaska; and 

WHEREAS, the Native members of the landless communities continue to 

seek redress which would provide for the formation of ANCSA corporations, land 

entitlement, and recovery of lost economic benefits; and 

WHEREAS, recognition of the five (5) communities is long overdue. 
796 


Insert offset folio 872 here 98942A.774

NCAI 2007 Annual Session Resolution DEN-07-097 

NOW THEREFORE BE IT RESOLVED, that the NCAI does hereby urge the United 

States Congress to recognize the Sealaska shareholders registered in the communities of Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee Springs, and Wrangell as Native communities with the same 

status as Native communities recognized in Section 14(h) and Section 16 of ANCSA and provide 

authorization for those Native communities to form ANCSA corporations and select land and 

provide compensation for the economic opportunities lost due to the delayed recognition of their 

rights to share in the land entitlement in the same manner as those Native communities 

recognized for such participation in 1971 under ANCSA; and 

BE IT FURTHER RESOLVED, that this resolution shall be the policy ofNCAI until it 

is withdrawn or modified by subsequent resolution. 

CERTIFICATION 

The foregoing resolution was referred by the General Assembly at the 2007 Annual Session of the 

National Congress of American Indians to the Executive Committee, and adopted on December 5, 

2007 by the Executive Committee, with a quorum present. 

ATTEST: p~ 

Recordin~ 

Page 2 of2 
797 


Insert offset folio 873 here 98942A.775

.... ..., NATIONAL 

PARKS 

CONSERVATION 

ASSOCIATION 

Statement of David Lamfrom, 

Director, California Desert and Wildlife Programs 

National Parks Conservation Association 

To Be Submitted for the Record 

For the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources: Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests, and Mining 

Oct 8, 2015 

Chairman Barrasso, Ranking Member Wyden and members of the subcommittee, I am David 

Lam from, Director of California Desert and Wildlife Programs at the National Parks 

Conservation Association (NPCA). On behalf of our more than one million members and 

supporters across the country, I thank you for the opportunity to submit this testimony in regard 

to our organizational support for S.414 being discussed during this subcommittee hearing on 

Public Lands, Forests, and Mining. Founded in 1919, NPCA is the leading, independent, private 

citizen voice in support of promoting, protecting and enhancing America's national parks for 

present and future generations. 

Originally introduced in December 2009, and improved through two successive reintroductions 

in 2011 and 2015, Senator Feinstein's California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

(CDCRA) represents an expansive and thoughtful legislative approach to managing important 

federal lands across the California Desert. It would: 

• Appropriately designate specific lands to protect their world-class natural and cultural 

resources. That includes the expansion of the three California Desert national park units, 

the creation of two new Bureau of Land Management (BLM) National Monuments, the 

designation of BLM Wilderness Areas currently designated as Wilderness Study Areas, 

and the designation of critical Wild and Scenic Rivers. 

• Acknowledge the increased use of Off-Highway Vehicle recreation across the California 

Desert and provide access and suitable locations for the recreational needs of this 

constituency of desert enthusiasts. NPCA supports responsible recreation in appropriate 

locations in the California Desert, and understands that managed recreation is critical to 

avoiding the impacts of OHV trespass on sensitive desert lands, including our National 

Parks and Preserve. 

• Protect critical water resources in a region where surface and sub-surface water are rare 

and therefore crucial to natural and human communities. This legislation's provisions 

would protect the desert's most important waterways as wild and scenic rivers. It 

proposes protections for riparian areas, streams, springs, seeps, and aquifers vital to 

desert species and migratory species. 
798 


Insert offset folio 874 here 98942A.776

• Enhance the California Desert's tourism economy by expanding National Parks and 

creating National Monuments. More than three million people currently visit the 

California Desert National Parks each year, and the number is expected to grow. These 

designations will provide ideal locations to support this growing industry, and will create 

additional excitement about the California Desert as one of the Country's most appealing 

recreational destinations. 

• Enhance existing conservation actions and protect existing recreational uses. This 

legislation would designate important conservation lands for additional protections and 

those protections would support rare, threatened, and endangered species by protecting 

their habitat. The connection between areas proposed for conservation and existing 

conservation lands would also provide opportunities for species to move across the 

larger landscape to migrate seasonally, to take advantage of seasonal water and food 

resources, and to move to suitable lands as needed. The legislation also protects existing 

recreational opportunities such as hunting, fishing, legal OHV travel, hiking, 

photography, rockhounding, and many other important uses. 

• Avoid conflict with existing uses and businesses. S.414 was carefully developed through 

years of conversations with stakeholders and communities in the California Desert. 

Through that process, the legislation built impressive support across constituencies, 

including desert counties, and worked through conflicts with existing land users across 

proposed lands. Existing valid mining claims will be honored, private property will not 

be affected, OHV routes will be protected, and hunting will be allowed in many areas 

where it is currently allowed. 

NPCA has worked on this legislation since 2009 and continues to support its provisions. We 

recognize the long-term effort Senator Feinstein has invested into balancing the needs of desert 

communities while protecting the desert and its remarkable lands and wildlife. This exemplary 

legislative effort was built in coordination with important stakeholders and desert communities, 

and has been widely supported. The California Desert continues to gain traction as of one of the 

country's most scenic, protected, and ecologically important regions which has resulted in 

growing visitation. We believe that the passage of this legislation would represent a significant 

benefit to the California Desert and its communities. Many of the legislation's supporters list the 

economic benefit as a fundamental reason for support. The quality of life supported by these 

protected lands has also drawn new residents away from the cities to live, work, recreate, and 

create new businesses in the California Desert. 

This legislation was built in consultation with desert communities, is widely supported by those 

communities, and provides reasonable, balanced protection and access to desert users. NPCA 

supports the passage of this critical bill on its merits. 

Thank you for the opportunity to provide testimony on this important legislation. 

Respectfully, 

David Lamfrom 

Director, California Desert and Wildlife Program 
799 


Insert offset folio 878 here 98942A.780

Ripchensl<y. Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Cc: 

Subject: 

Ed Bowles <ed.bowles@state.or.us> 

Thursday, October 22, 2015 4:44 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

Brooks, David (Energy); Gautreaux, Mary (Wyden) 

Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act 

Darla Ripchensky, Chief Clerk, Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee: 

The Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife appreciates the opportunity to lend its voice to the discussion of 

SB 1448, designating the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary in Oregon. Frank Moore, Steamboat Creek 

and wild summer steelhead are all iconic and interrelated, and certainly deserving of special tribute and 

recognition. 

Frank Moore is a hero. Frank's humble and soft-spoken demeanor belies a lifetime of passionate and effective 

stewardship of Oregon's wild steelhead and their habitats. His legendary prowess as a fly fisherman has 

men to red generations into the sustainable use and enjoyment of this great resource. SB 1448 would 

recognize and protect the Steamboat Creek watershed in honor of this war veteran and conservation hero. 

The proposed sanctuary in the North Umpqua River contains some of most important and unique steelhead 

habitat in western Oregon. The North Umpqua sub-basin supports one of only two summer steelhead 

populations within the planning domain of Oregon's recently adopted coastal multispecies conservation and 

management plan. The Steamboat Creek watershed contains over 80 miles of prime spawning habitat for 

summer steelhead, representing about 30% of the known spawning habitat for summer steelhead in the 

coastal planning domain. 

The Steamboat Creek watershed also supports some of the coolest summer waters in western Oregon, 

providing an essential cold-water refuge for steelhead, salmon and other aquatic life. As such, the watershed 

is, and will continue to be, an important asset to help mitigate the effects of increasing water temperature and 

diminishing snowpack. Enhanced protection and restoration of cool-water assets is a priority for Oregon 

Department of Fish and Wildlife, so the proposed supporting activities under SB 1448 would help ensure 

continued ecological function of this important ecosystem. 

Thank you again for considering this important recognition and providing the opportunity for comment. 

Ed Bowles 

Fish Division Administrator 

Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife 
800 


Insert offset folio 879 here 98942A.781

Pacific Rivers and Wild Salmon Center Testimony in Support of the Frank Moore Wild Steel head 

Sanctuary Act of 2015 (Senate Bill1448) 

Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, subcommittee on Public lands, Forests and 

Mining 

October 8, 2015 

Pacific Rivers and the Wild Salmon Center have worked for decades to promote the conservation and 

sustainable use of healthy watersheds and wild salmon ecosystems. On this occasion, we are proud to 

support and honor an American war veteran and legendary steward of the North Umpqua RiverFrank Moore. Nothing could be more fitting than to recognize this great American's accomplishments 

by protecting the Steamboat Creek watershed, which is arguably the most important tributary to the 

North Umpqua River, as proposed in the Frank Moore Wild Stee!heod Sanctuary (FMWSS). 

The designation of approximately 100,000 acres of some of the best remaining wild steelhead 

spawning areas in the Pacific Northwest pairs a legendary river- treasured by Oregonians and 

frequented by thousands of foreign visitors yearly- with an inspirational patriot and river guardian, 

Frank Moore. 

We join the outpouring of support by neighbors, outdoor enthusiasts, recreational businesses 

{including anglers, rafters, hoteliers, hikers and others) to forever protect this special place while at 

the same time honoring an American hero. 
801 


Insert offset folio 880 here 98942A.782

Frank and Jeanne Moore 

We will not retell the achievements of Frank and Jeanne Moore here. That story is now told in the 

film, "Mending the Line" along with several magazine and newspaper features, numerous 

achievement awards and recognitions and a special Oregon Field Guide television show dedicated to 

this exemplary couple. Or just talk to any of their neighbors, across the political spectrum. Humble 

and self-effacing, Frank and Jeanne have lived a life dedicated to community and public service with a 

deep connection to one of the most special places in Oregon, the North Umpqua River. Together, 

they bind the people of the North Umpqua to the extraordinary beauty and richness of its natural 

bounty. As stewards of the North Umpqua, Frank and Jeanne embody the resilience and grace that 

the landscape itself mirrors-- but, like the steep, rugged terrain or the fighting steelhead making their 

way upstream, they are tough as nails. 

Wild Steelhead Sanctuary 

The legislation identifies and protects approximately 100,000 acres of high conservation value lands 

and waters in the Steamboat Creek watershed. The watershed consistently is identified as one of the 

most important ecological areas in the Pacific Northwest, providing over 50 river and stream miles of 

high quality habitat for summer and winter steel head, Coho salmon, rainbow trout and other native 

species. The Steamboat Creek watershed is also unique in that it serves as one of the few remaining 

cold water refuges for summer steel head, which migrate from the main North Umpqua River to the 

cooler waters of Steamboat and Canton creeks in the summer months and hold in specific pools until 

the fall rains arrive. The Big Bend Pool of Steamboat Creek is one of the few places in the world where 

people can easily view hundreds of summer steelhead that use the pool as a refuge from warmer 

stream temperatures. Canton Creek, the primary tributary of Steamboat Creek, also has several 

known pools that summer steelhead utilize as a refuge from warm stream temperatures. 

The tributaries and streams feeding the North Umpqua consistently rank among the most important 

wild salmon spawning and rearing grounds in the state. Steamboat Creek is recognized as a "Tier 1 

Key Watershed" under the Northwest Forest Plan, selected for high water quality for drinking water 

and aquatic life. Forests in the area are designated "Late Successional Reserves" under the Northwest 

Forest Plan, managed to protect and enhance conditions of late-successional and old-growth forest 

ecosystems and high quality aquatic habitat. Further, the area is recognized in Oregon's statewide 

Conservation Strategy as a priority "Conservation Opportunity Area" and its rivers and tributaries are 

ranked in the highest category as "crucial aquatic habitat" by the Oregon Department of Fish and 

Wildlife in its COMPASS database. Finally, the public-private, science-driven partnership convened 

under the auspices of the North American Salmon Stronghold Partnership recognized the North 

Umpqua, including the proposed FMWSS as a "Wild Salmon Stronghold" in the Pacific Northwest. 

Together, the transitional moist and dry forest zone in the Umpqua National Forest are home to a 

great diversity of plant and animal species. Its flora and fauna is unique, boasting moist and dry 

forest components with several endemic and rare species. Jeanne Moore has spent her life 

identifying the myriad of native plant species in the Steamboat Creek watershed and there is strong 
802 


Insert offset folio 881 here 98942A.783

local support to honor her as well as Frank in this designation. Habitat conditions continue to improve 

in the proposed Sanctuary, providing an array of vital ecosystem services to absorb, filter and release 

cold, clean water, nurture a thriving sport fishing economy downriver, and provide numerous 

recreational opportunities. The area also is highly valued for its Native American heritage sites and 

rugged recreational hiking and backcountry offerings. 

The unique and irreplaceable nature of Steamboat Creek and the North Umpqua was recognized early 

on, popularized by American novelist and angler Zane Grey (1872-1939). In the late 1930' Zane lent 

his support to the Roseburg Rod and Gun Club by appearing before the Oregon State Game 

Commission in support of the Club's successful proposal to curtail over-harvesting of salmon and 

steelhead by closing Steamboat Creek to angling. As early as 1959, the importance of the 

extraordinary wild fish habitat was recognized by the U5. Forest Service and the Oregon Department 

of Fish and Wildlife as mining and fishing restrictions were set in place on Steamboat Creek. Later, in 

1976, mineral withdrawal was extended to portions of 15 tributaries to Steamboat Creek. 

Today, the extraordinary fish habitat, late-successional and old growth forests, rich array of rare and 

unique botanical assemblages and boundless recreational opportunities draws outdoor enthusiasts 

from all over the world to experience what Zane Grey considered one of the finest rivers in the world. 

Yet, despite recognition of the proposed sanctuary's ecological and economic importance, the 

proposed sanctuary only enjoys administrative protections and lacks the stability and profile of a 

designated national treasure. Senator Wyden's proposed legislation would remedy this lack of 

stability by elevating the Sanctuary and providing guidance and hopefully resources to the U.S. Forest 

Service concerning the management priorities and directives of the area, in addition to enhancing 

opportunities for educational and interpretive opportunities and citizen stewardship. 

Steamboat Creek Fishwatch 

Each year, 400-800 wild 

summer steel head hold in 

Big Bend Pool in Steamboat 

Creek, arriving in May and 

staying in the pool until the 

fall rains come, as late as 

mid-December. Wild 

summer steelhead runs on 

the North Umpqua River 

range from 2,000 to 4,000 

fish. Those holding in Big 

Bend Pool alone can account 

for 12 to 25 per cent of the 

total run and over 30 per cent of the run that returns to Steamboat Creek. Though this pool is in a 

remote location, it is quite accessible from FS Road 38, which receives high recreation traffic during 

the summer and fall. The fish are clearly visible to anyone who stops at the location. Steamboat Creek 
803 


Insert offset folio 882 here 98942A.784

is closed to all angling, yet there is a troubling history of dynamiting, snagging and other illegal take of 

fish at this pool, as well as many other pools along Steamboat Creek and Canton Creek. 

Since 1999, The North Umpqua Foundation in cooperation with the USFS has provided a trailer and 

per diem for a caretaker at Big Bend Pool. Each year the caretaker spends approximately 80 per cent 

of all hours at the pool or along the creek observing the fish, providing public information to an 

average of 1,300 visitors, and reporting poaching suspects to the Oregon State Police. In addition to 

the deterrent and outreach service, the caretaker keeps daily detailed notes on the natural 

conditions, fish numbers, and behavior. The data adds to the knowledge of wild summer steelhead 

behavior and increases the public awareness of these important fish. 

Creating the Frank Moore Wild Steel head Sanctuary provides a singular opportunity to institutionalize 

this valued program. Indeed, there is a strong interest in expanding the Fishwatch program to include 

nearby steel head holding and rearing areas on Canton Creek and elsewhere in the watershed. 

Creating the Sanctuary and acknowledging the value of this and similar programs will enhance 

opportunities to build support and financial resources for public-private partnerships, like that 

established by the North Umpqua Foundation. 

Canton Creek 

Canton Creek, while part of the same Steamboat Creek watershed, is outside the proposed Sanctuary. 

The approximately 40,000 acre sub-watershed contains 36 miles of high quality anadromous salmonid 

streams, with some 77% of the sub-watershed in public ownership, managed by BLM in the west and 

USFS to the east. Canton Creek is one of Steamboat Creek's most productive tributaries and, 

according to Frank Moorea and other authorities, historically it produced as many fish as Steamboat 

Creek. The BLM is in the process of developing a restoration plan for Canton Creek and we are 

working closely with the agency. We have also been involved in discussions with owners of private 

forestlands in Canton Creek to explore opportunities for voluntary exchanges of select, high 

conservation value private parcels for equally valued BLM lands outside of the watershed. 

The creation of the FMWSS may help accelerate those cooperative discussions, and the legislation 

should direct BLM to facilitate and expedite voluntary land exchanges of select parcels within Canton 

Creek with a view towards making management and conservation of the entire Steamboat watershed 

consistent and compatible with the goals of protecting aquatic resources and biodiversity. 

We enthusiastically join the many local and state voices in strong support ofthe Frank Moore Wild 

Steelhead Sanctuary Act (S. 1448) and urge Congress and the President to join Sen. Wyden and Sen. 

Merkley to enact the designation expeditiously into law. Accordingly, the undersigned respectfully 

urge the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources to support Senate Bill1448, the Frank 

Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act (S. 1448). 
804 


Insert offset folio 883 here 98942A.785

Greg Block, VP Conservation Finance and External Affairs, Wild Salmon Center 

John Kober, Executive Director, Pacific Rivers 

PACIFIC 

RIVERS 
805 


Insert offset folio 884 here 98942A.786

From: 

Sent: 

Subject: 

To Whom It May Concern: 

Douglas Barbara Pearce < pearcebarb@kpunet.net> 

Wednesday, October 14, 2015 9:46 PM 

5 Landless Villages 

I am writing this letter of support for the 5 Native villages that were left out of the land selections in 

1974. For what reason I do not know. My family have fought for this injustice to be settled for the 

past 2 generations. 

To have it brought this to your attention is a big accomplishment. We have filed several bills over the 

past 40 years, to no avaiL Now we just need for you to honor our request and to grant us left outs our 

land or compensation for it, within reason. 

Thank you for giving rne this opportunity to express my support for the 5 left out villages. Please 

approve the left outs Bill, and let this grave injustice be settled. 

Sincerely Yours, 

Barbara A Pearce 

PO Box 5126 

Ketchikan, AK 99901-0126 

pearcebarb@kpunet.net 
806 


Insert offset folio 886 here 98942A.788

THE 

PEW 

CHARITABLE TRUSTS 

Statement ofThe Pew Charitable Trusts 

Regarding S. 1971, S. 414, and S. 1448 

Submitted to the 

Senate Energy and Natural Resources Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

For the Record of the 

Hearing held on October 8, 201S 

The U.S. Public lands program at The Pew Charitable Trusts seeks to preserve ecologically and culturally 

diverse U.S. public lands through congressionally-designated wilderness, the establishment of national 

monuments, and administrative protections. We appreciate the opportunity to submit these views for 

the record. 

S. 1971- California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act 

The Pew Charitable Trusts supports S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act, 

sponsored by Senator Barbara Boxer. The legislation would add approximately 6,200 acres of federal 

public lands managed by the Bureau of land Management (BlM} as new units within the existing 

California Coastal National Monument. We commend Senator Boxer for her dedication and 

commitment to protecting these ecologically important and scenic lands along the California coast. 

The California Coastal National Monument was established in 2000 by former President Clinton using his 

authority under the Antiquities Act-protecting some 20,000 small islands and other geological 

formations along the entire 1,100 miles of California's coastline. The monument's rocks and small 

islands serve as important habitat for various seabirds and marine mammals, as well as many other 

species of plants and animals. In 2014, President Obama added the 1,600 acre Point Arena-Stornetta 

area to the unique Coastal monument. 

Senator Boxer's legislation would designate six significant areas along California's coast to be part of the 

California Coastal National Monument: Trinidad Head, lost Coast Headlands, and lighthouse Ranch in 

Humboldt County; Cotoni-Coast Dairies in Santa Cruz County; Piedras Blanca in San luis Obispo County; 

and Rocks and Islands in Orange County. These lands, each with varied histories and values warranting 
807 


Insert offset folio 887 here 98942A.789

The Pew Charitable Trusts 

Written statement for Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining hearing 

October 8, 2015 

page 2 

permanent safeguards, will benefit from monument designation. Such benefits include enhanced 

management for the lands, improved public-private coordination and consultation, and increased 

recreational opportunities. Additionally, the state and local communities are likely to see increased 

economic activities associated with increased visitation to the region. 

Again, we thank Senator Boxer for her vision and leadership in seeking to protect these special public 

lands in California and we urge the Committee to quickly approve S. 1971. 

S. 414 • California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

The Pew Charitable Trusts fully supports S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

(CDCRA), introduced by Sen. Feinstein. We applaud the Senator for her tireless efforts on behalf of the 

California desert, and ask that the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources proceed with expedited 

consideration and approval of S. 414. 

Senator Feinstein has crafted comprehensive, fair legislation designed to balance the differing interests 

and views of those who live, work, or visit the greater California desert region. The CDCRA would 

protect areas that are part of America's natural and cultural heritage, areas that contribute to the 

regional economy, and areas that promote recreation and public enjoyment of shared resources. 

Building on her landmark California Desert Protection Act of 1994 achievement, S. 414 seeks to establish 

and protect two new national monuments, several new wilderness areas and wilderness additions, 

special management and recreation areas, several wild and scenic rivers, and would expand Joshua Tree 

and Death Valley National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. 

Specific provisions are: 

Sand to Snow National Monument (135,000 acres) 

Mojave Trails National Monument (965,000 acres) 

Wild and Scenic Rivers (77 miles) 

Death Valley National Park expansion (39,000 acres) 

Joshua Tree National Park expansion (4,500 acres) 

Mojave Trails National Preserve expansion (22,000 acres) 

New Wilderness areas (250,000 acres) 

Alabama Hills National Scenic Area (18,610 acres) 

If enacted, S. 414 will ensure that spectacular scenic vistas, varied and threatened desert wildlife and 

plants, and important Tribal and American history of the region are preserved for this and future 

generations to enjoy, appreciate, and to learn from. Protection of these landscapes will also be a 
808 


Insert offset folio 888 here 98942A.790

The Pew Charitable Trusts 

Written statement for Senate Subcommittee on Public lands, Forests, and Mining hearing 

October 8, 2015 

page 3 

further boost to tourism, which is an important component of local economies such as Imperial, lnyo, 

Riverside, and San Bernardino counties. In San Bernardino County alone, visitors generated $52.5 

million in local tax receipts in 2010, providing much-needed revenue to the county and its cities. 

As a partner in the Campaign for the California Desert for nearly ten years, Pew has long supported 

Senator Feinstein's work to protect the desert. We are proud to be a part of the diverse assembly of 

interests supporting this legislation-local business owners, chambers of commerce, city councils, 

county supervisors, off-road vehicle enthusiasts, hikers, community leaders, conservationists, and 

veterans. The coalition in support of Sen. Feinstein's legislation to protect the California Desert 

represents some of the most varied affiliations we've had the pleasure of working with. This diversity is 

a testament to the Senator's outreach and collaborative efforts. 

We appreciate the Senator's continued commitment and leadership to protect critical recreational, 

ecological, historic, and economic values within the California desert. We urge the Committee to 

approveS. 414 as soon as possible. 

S. 1448 - Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act of 2015 

The Pew Charitable Trusts is also pleased to support S.l448, The Frank Moore Wild Steel head Sanctuary 

Act of 2015, introduced by Senators Ron Wyden and Jeff Merkley. The legislation would designate 

approximately 104,000 acres of some of the best wild steelhead spawning areas in the Pacific Northwest 

and is named to honor Frank Moore, a legendary steward of the North Umpqua River and an American 

war veteran. 

From its origin high in the Mount Thielsen Wilderness of the Cascade Range in southwestern Oregon, 

the crystal-clear North Umpqua River thunders westward toward the Pacific Ocean through a mosaic of 

Douglas fir, western hemlock, mountain meadows of wildflowers, and steep canyons of basalt. Just 

west of Roseburg, the North Umpqua joins the South Umpqua, where they travel together to the Pacific 

Ocean. 

The legislation safeguards approximately 104,000 acres of this high conservation value land and waters. 

The watershed is identified as one of the most important ecological areas in the Pacific Northwest, 

providing over SO river and stream miles of high quality habitat for summer and winter steelhead, 

Chinook salmon, Coho salmon, rainbow trout and other native species. Steamboat Creek is recognized 

as a "Tier 1 Key Watershed" under the Northwest Forest Plan, a label used to describe waters with high 

quality for drinking and aquatic life. Forests in the area are designated "Late Successional Reserves" 

under the Northwest Forest Plan, managed to protect and enhance conditions of late-successional and 
809 


Insert offset folio 889 here 98942A.791

The Pew Charitable Trusts 

Written statement for Senate Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining hearing 

October 8, 2015 

page 4 

old-growth forest ecosystems and high quality aquatic habitat. And the area is recognized in Oregon's 

statewide Conservation Strategy as a priority "Conservation Opportunity Area," and its rivers and 

tributaries are ranked in the highest category as "crucial aquatic habitat" by the Oregon Department of 

Fish and Wildlife. 

From the clean water to the wild salmon and steelhead trout that make their home in the river, to 

historic and cultural sites along the riverbanks, the area boasts a raw beauty that draws visitors from 

near and far. Its flora and fauna are unique, boasting both moist and dry forest components, creating a 

home for several endemic and rare species. In addition to the multitude of fisheries, the area is also 

habitat for black bears and river otters, bald eagles and northern spotted owls, Roosevelt elk and 

grouse. Historically, the combination of large salmon and steelhead runs and majestic scenery has 

attracted anglers from all over the world, but the area is also valued for its rugged recreational hiking 

and backcountry opportunities. 

No one has been a greater supporter or protector of this valuable landscape and river ecosystem than 

Frank Moore. In 1944, newly married and 21 years of age, Mr. Moore enlisted in the United States 

armed forces to defend the ideals of the United Sates. Alongside thousands of other young men, he 

landed on the beaches of Normandy, France for the D-Day allied invasion. He recalls losing more than 

1400 men in just 10 hours. This event, like it did for so many, would change him forever. 

After returning from the war and shaken from all he had seen, Frank built a very different life with his 

wife, Jeanne. He found that fishing and spending time outdoors had what he has called "a marvelous 

healing" power. As a result, in 1957, he and Jeanne started the Steamboat Inn in the North Umpqua 

watershed and Mr. Moore guided trips on this renowned river. In 1966, he and a core group of anglers 

started the Steam boaters, a local organization that sought to preserve the natural resource of the 

Umpqua River. Throughout his life, Mr. Moore has shared his passion for fishing, this river, and the 

outdoors with visitors from all over the world. 

We commend the Senators for their foresight and commitment to permanently protect this region for 

its critical ecological, economic, and recreation values. We urge the Senate Energy and Natural 

Resources Committee to approveS. 1448 quickly. 

We appreciate the opportunity to submit these views for the Subcommittee's consideration. For 

additional information, please contact Marcia Argust, Project Director for the U.S. Public Lands Program 

The Pew Charitable Trusts, at 202-329-0793 or margust@pewtrusts.org. 
810 


Insert offset folio 890 here 98942A.792

October 15,2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, 

and Mining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden, &inking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and 

!Vlining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: S. 872 the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition 

and Compensation Act 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

Response to the testimony from the Department of Interior & SEACC: the 

Department of Interior and SEACC testified before the Senate subcommittee on 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining against our bill. The Department and SEACC 

both presented letters in opposition to the subcommittee; they both make the 

same three basic points. 

First, they both argue (in different ways but they make the same point) that 'a 

deal is a deal' we were excluded in 1971 and shouldn't amend ANCSA now to 

correct the injustice. What they don't say is that ANCSA has already been 

amended numerous times. Congress created ANCSA and amended it several 

times in the past 43 years; you can amend it again if you chose to correct this 

injustice and provide an equitable settlement with the rightful owners of this 

land. 

You will recall the Sea Iaska bill last December was for 70,000 acres. This was 

the finalization of the regional corporations original land entitlement from the 

original bill passed in 1971. What you may also recall is that the bill also 

included an additional150,000 acres put in to wilderness area designation. 

Our opponents want to say this was the final native land bill in Southeast 

Alaska, once again 'A deal is a deal'. They want you to ignore the Alaska Native 

Veteran Allotments and the five Landless Native Communities that have never 

been dealt with fairly. We are not going away and refuse to give up on this 

necessary legislation until we are given our ancestral right and have our village 

land that ANCSA was meant to provide. 
811 


Insert offset folio 891 here 98942A.793

SEACC argues that the ISER report (University of Alaska's Institute of Social 

and Economic Research) found that none of the Landless villages met the 

requirements of ANCSA. But when I read it says they did meet the 

requirements and there is simply no record of why they were excluded 1. 

Speculation is that at the time Alaska Lumber and Pulp lobbied to protect their 

long term cutting contracts with the US Forest Service. Timber was king in SE 

Alaska in the 1960's and in 1971 (there were no native corporations at the time). 

Timber has been the main reason the Landless never received our land. 

Originally it was the timber companies lobby that didn't want to share their cut. 

Today it is the environmentalist that don't want any more logging- US Forest 

Service or Native Corporations. 

The conservation lobby would still like to put aside another 150,000 acres of 

rivers, streams for salmon and other fish habitat. We, the aboriginal native 

people of SE Alaska like salmon too. We are not necessarily against these set 

asides but much of our homeland has already been set aside. We just want our 

land first, before anyone else takes it away and keeps us off our homelands. 

Second, they both argue that the Sealaska shareholders from Ketchikan, 

Wrangell, Petersburg, Tenakee and Haines (aka Landless) are 'At Large' 

shareholders of Sea Iaska and as such they already receive a larger dividend 

than village shareholders. For example, Sealaska's spring dividend paid in April 

2015 was $7.58 per share to Urban and At Large Shareholders, but Village 

shareholders only received $1.29 per share. The sources were Permanent Fund 

$0.79 per share; Operations $0.50 per share, and 7(I) $6.29 per share. The 

difference between the Village and At Large shareholders is the 7(1) distribution. 

So they both argue that Landless already have been compensated extra as At 

Large shareholders. What they don't tell you is how 7(J) works. Under ANCSA 

section 7(1) required that 70% of the net revenues from natural resources must 

be shared with the other regions on a per capita basis. Section 7(J) requires 

that the regional corporations, in this case Sealaska, must distribute 50% of the 

7(1) funds received from other regions to the Village Corporations and the Urban 

and At Large shareholders. Sealaska paid the $6.29 per share to At Large 

shareholders as a 7(1) distribution and also paid $6.29 per share to Village 

shareholders as a 7(J) distribution, however, that was paid directly to their 

village corporation. The village corporations (e.g. Huna Totem, Klawock 

Heenya, Yakutat Kwaan, etc.) then pass the distribution on to the village 

shareholders; several of them do a 100% pass through, some keep a portion for 

administration. So the argument that the Landless/At Large somehow received 

more to make up for being Landless is simply false and not how ANCSA works. 

Third, they both argue that there is no requirement that the land withdrawals 

must be adjacent to the communities. Instead the bills are written to allow the 

withdrawals to be within the bounds of the communities' traditional home lands, 

1 The report, A Study of Five Southeast Alaska Communities, was commissioned by the US Forest Service and 

published in 1994. http://www.iser.uaa.alaska.edu/Publications/Study0f5-SE-AK-Communities.pdf 
812 


Insert offset folio 892 here 98942A.794

and somehow this creates a problem. The reason this is necessary is that so 

many have been allowed to take and set aside already before the Landless that 

it is nearly impossible to select 23,040 contiguous acres near the communities. 

City Governments, Mental Health Trust, Wilderness Areas and steam set asides 

have all taken land within the Landless communities traditional homelands 

leaving the Landless Natives to pick from the scraps. 

The Shx'at Kwaan (Stikine River Area) is the traditional homeland for my 

people; it used to incorporate a very large area. As stated in the Goldschmidt 

Haas report, commissioned by federal government just after World War II, sixtynine years ago. 

"The Stikine territory is a very large one, extending from Union Bay on the Cleveland Peninsula 

northward along the mainland approximately to Cape Fanshaw, thence south across Kupreanof 

Island to include a portion of Portage Bay and Totem Bay, on the south across Sumner Straights 

to include Red Bay on Prince of Wales Island and south on that island to Thorne Bay .... The 

Stikine people also went a considerable distance up the Stikine River, far above the present 

Canadian boundry."2 

Our traditional area included the Stikine LaConte Wilderness (448,926 acres); 

all of Wrangell Island (134,432 acres); all of Etlion Island (561 ,971 acres); all of 

Mitkof Island (133,376 acres); all of Zarambo Island (117,210 acres); eastern 

portions of Kupreanof Island, northeastern portions of Prince of Wales Island, 

northwestern portion of the Cleveland Peninsula, and numerous smaller islands. 

The 23,040 acres we are asking for only make up approximately one per cent 

of our homeland. 

SE Alaska Land Ownership: over 90 percent of Southeast Alaska is federally 

owned land. 

• The Tongass National Forest at 16.8 million acres encompasses nearly 

80 percent of the land area of the region, and already includes nearly six 

million acres designated as Wilderness Area. 

• Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve covers about 2.7 million acres or 

another 12.5 percent of the region. 

• Lands managed by the State of Alaska include the Haines State Forest 

at 534,000 acres and other smaller holdings distributed throughout the 

region, as well as most all navigable waters and tidelands throughout the 

Alexander Archipelago and extending out to 3 miles off the coast. 

• Alaska Native Corporations, Sealaska and the existing Village and Urban 

Corporations, own about 577,000 acres of land in the region. 

• The five communities are requesting 23,040 acres each for a total of 115,200 

acres or about half of one percent of SE Alaska. When combined with the other 

2 Page 73, Haa Aani', Our land, Tlingit and Haida land Rights and Use, Walter R. Goldschmidt and Theodore H. 

Haas. This report was first issued in 1946 as a federal government Indian land claims document titled "Possessory 

Rights of the Natives of Southeast Alaska" 
813 


Insert offset folio 893 here 98942A.795

Alaska Native Corporations (including Sealaska and all the existing village and 

urban corporations) they will only own 3% of their homeland. 

I have met with SEACC and the other conservation groups at the Tongass 

Futures Round Table. They listen and agree there was an injustice and say 

they sympathize, but then turn around and say they will never agree to any 

amount of land going to the Five Landless Communities. The government, 

Department of Interior, on the other hand says they are willing to sit down and 

talk (per DOl hearing testimony). If SEACC and the other environmental groups 

were willing to agree to the land claim entitlement of 23,040 acres each we 

would be willing to sit down and talk with them to decide where those acres 

would be located. 

For SEACC and their environmental lobby this ultimately comes down to timber. 

For the Landless Communities it is more importantly about correcting an 

injustice, recognizing our valid claim to our homelands that we have occupied 

since time immemorial, and finally healing a cultural, spiritual and social wound 

created by the United States government. 

I hope you can see through these false arguments put forward by the opponents 

of S. 872, the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition 

and Compensation Act. You are not setting precedent, you make our laws upon 

which precedent may be set. Only Congress can fix the situation and right this 

long overdue injustice. We ask for your support for S. 872 and a positive 

recommendation to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and then 

on to the full Senate. 

Thank you for hearing our side. I know you will do what is right. Gunalcheesh! 

Richard Rinehart, Jr. 

Landless Shareholder 

Wrangell, Alaska 
814 


Insert offset folio 894 here 98942A.796

October 15, 2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, 

and l'vfining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

\'{'ashington, DC 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden, Rankinglvlember 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and 

l'vfining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: Support for S. 872- The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS all supportS. 872!!! 

I wish to make it clear to the committee members that we have broad local support for S. 872 the 

Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act. 

I have attached copies of letters of support from our local state senators and representatives in 

Alaska. All our senators and our local representatives support our bill. Republicans and Democrats 

alike all support this bill that was introduced by Senators Murkowski and Sullivan. 

I know if you are not from Alaska it is hard to know who to believe and which side to support. 

Please join our local delegation in support for the five Landless Native communities to finally receive 

a just and equitable settlement. 

Thank for your consideration and support. 

Sincerely, 

Richard Rinehart Jr. 

Landless Shareholder 

Wrangell, Alaska 
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Insert offset folio 895 here 98942A.797

Alaska State Legislature 

Juneau Delegation 

Senator Dennis Egan 

Representative Cathy Y!ufioz 

Representative Sam Kito Ill 

September 30, 2015 

Senator Lisa Murkowski, Chairman 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

709 Hart Senate Building 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

Dear Senator Murkowski, 

Alaska State Capitol 

Juneau, Alaska 

99801 

This letter is to express our support of S. 872, "The Cnrecognized Southeast Alaska Native 

Communities Recognition and Compensation Act." 

When the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 was adopted, the communities of Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell were not included, even though the population of 

those villages comprises greater than 20 percent of the shareholders of the Regional Corporation for 

Southeast Alaska. Additionally, these communities were not given the opportunity to appeal the 

decision; a tight Congress granted every other Alaska Native group under ANCSA. 

Senate Bill 872 would resolve a nearly 50 year old discrepancy in the law. This legislation will 

establish urban corporations and will provide a process to receive similar land allocations, 

approximately 23,000 acres, as other recognized Native villages under Alaska Native Claims 

Settlement Act. 

We strongly urge the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources to pass S. 872 and hope 

each member supports this legislation. 
816 


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ALASKA STATE LEGISLATURE 

SJ;;SJ!£l_lj 

State Capitol, Rm30 

Juneau, Alaska 99801-J 182 

{907) 465-3873 Phon~;: 

(907) 465-1922 Fax 

(877) 463-3873 Toll free 

Sen Bert Stedman!Q akleg go\ 

The Honorable Don Young 

Chainnan 

BERT K. STEDMAN 

July 24,2015 

Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs 

Committee on Natural Resources 

1324 Longworth House Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

The Honorable Raul Ruiz 

Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Indian, Insular and Alaska Native Affairs 

Committee on Natural Resources 

1329 Longworth House Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20515 

Dear Chainnan Young and Ranking Member Ruiz: 

LYI.E.flm 1900 J sl Ave , Suite 310 

Ketchikan, AK 99901~6442 

Phone (907) 225-8088 

Fax (9()7) 225-07 I l 

201 Katlian St., Suite I 03 

Snka, AK 99835-756! 

Phone (907} 747-2952 

Fax (907) 747-5807 

I am writing in support of H.R. 2386, "The Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities 

Recognition and Compensation Act. " The bill would finally bring justice to Alaska Natives and 

Tribal members in five different community areas: Haines, Ketchikan, Petersburg, Tenakee, and 

Wrangell. Alaska Natives ("Landless") from these community areas were inexplicably left out 

of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 1971, even though their aboriginal land 

rights based on generations of occupancy and use were supposedly extinguished by Congress in 

ANCSA. 

In fact, not only were they left out, they were not even given the opportunity to appeal the 

decision. A right Congress granted to every other Alaska Native group under ANCSA. H.R. 

2386 would right a nearly 50 year old wrong by recognizing the value of their claims, establish 

urban corporations for these Alaska Natives and provide a process for them to receive the same 

amount ofland (23,000 acres) other Native villages received under ANCSA in exchange for their 

land claims. 

Congress has already investigated the issue. In 1994, a congressionally directed study was 

perfonned by Institute of Social and Economic Research (ISER) at the University of Alaska. 

District R 

Angoon • Coffman C01·e • Cmig • Edna Bay • Elfin Cove • Hollis • Hoonah- Hydaburg • Hyder • Kake • Kasaan 

Ketchikan• Klawock • Klahwm • Kupreanof• Metlal.at!a • Meyers Clwct.. • NattJ..ati • Pelican • Petersburg 

Point Baker • Port Alexander• Port Pmteclion • Saxman • Sitka • TenaJ.eeSprings •171011/e Ba) • Whale Pass • Wrangell 
817 


Insert offset folio 897 here 98942A.799

After an exhaustive review, the ISER study concluded the eligibility requirements set by 

Congress through ANCSA would have been met by each one of the Landless communities. 

I would also note that there is plenty ofland in the Tongass National Forest (Tongass) to grant to 

the Landless communities. The Tongass is 17 million acres. 21 times the size of the Joshua Tree 

National Park in California in the Ranking Member's district. The land to be granted to the 

Landless is barely a spot on the map at l/147ththe entire size of the Tongass, most of which has 

been permanently set aside. I strongly urge your support to pass H.R. 2386. 

Sincerely, 

Senator Bert Stedman 
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The Shtax'heen Kwaan of the Tlingit in Southeast Alaska: 

A Literature Review 

A Literature Review 

Presented to Richard Dauenhauer, Ph.D. 

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for ANTH S493 

Analysis of Artistic Expressions and Oral Narratives of Alaska Natives 

at the University of Alaska- Southeast 

Joshua T. Ream 

Fall Semester, 2010 
819 


Insert offset folio 899 here 98942A.801

Table of Contents 

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 5 

Purpose and Content .............................................................................................................................. 5 

General History of Land Use & Development in Wrangell and Along the Stikine .................................... 5 

CHAPTER 1: Trade, Demography and Early Euro-American Contact in Wrangell ................................... 7 

Devastation by Smallpox ........................................................................................................................ 8 

CHAPTER 2: Specific Origins, Composition and Territories of the Stikine Kwaan ................................ 10 

Social Structures ..................................................................................................................................... 9 

Overview of Origins .............................................................................................................................. 11 

Population, Villages and Territories Post-Contact ................................................................................ 13 

CHAPTER 3: Clans ofthe Shtax'heen Kwaan ..................................................................................... 14 

Great Clans of the Eagle I Wolf Moiety ................................................................................................. 14 

The Nanyaa.aayi & Siknax.adi ...................................................................................................... 14 

Daklawedih (Now present in Wrangell as "Naanyaa.aayi" ........................................................... 16 

Kayaashkiditaan & Xook'eidi ..................................................................................................... 20 

Xilkweidi ....................................................................................................................................... 21 

Great Clans of the Raven Moiety .......................................................................................................... 22 

The Kiks.adi .................................................................................................................................. 22 

Teeyhittaan .................................................................................................................................. 24 

Kaach.adi ..................................................................................................................................... 26 

Kaasx'agweidi & Taalkweidi ......................................................................................................... 28 

CHAPTER 4: Selected Ethnographic Accounts Referencing Wrangell and the Stikine ........................... 31 

John Muir's Evolving Attitudes toward Native American Cultures (Fleck 1978) ................................... 31 

Dancing ........................................................................................................................................ 31 

Architecture ................................................................................................................................. 31 

Conversations with Kadashan ...................................................................................................... 32 

Alaska: its southern coast and the Stikine archipelago. (Scidmore 1885) ............................................. 33 

Wrangell History .......................................................................................................................... 33 

Art ................................................................................................................................................ 33 

Houses and Totems ...................................................................................................................... 34 

Graves .......................................................................................................................................... 35 

Annual Cycle ................................................................................................................................ 35 

2 
820 


Insert offset folio 900 here 98942A.802

Christianity & Western Indoctrination ......................................................................................... 35 

Superstition and John Muir's Involvement .................................................................................. 36 

Boat Races .................................................................................................................................... 36 

Social Conditions, beliefs and linguistic relationship ofthe Tlingit Indians (Swanton 1908) ................. 37 

Potlatches & Performances .......................................................................................................... 37 

Crime and Punishment in Tlingit Society (Oberg 1934) ......................................................................... 38 

Marriage ...................................................................................................................................... 38 

Social structure and social life of the Tlingit in Alaska (Olson 1967) ..................................................... 38 

Eating Contest .............................................................................................................................. 38 

A Multiclan War ........................................................................................................................... 39 

The War between the Wrangell Nanyaa.aayi and the Sitka Kagwantan ...................................... 40 

A War with the Tsimshian ............................................................................................................ 42 

A War Prevented .......................................................................................................................... 44 

Peace with the Xetlkwan .............................................................................................................. 44 

The War between the Henyakwan and the Stikinekwan ............................................................. 46 

The Tlingit Indians (Emmons and De Laguna 1991a) ............................................................................. 47 

Slavery ......................................................................................................................................... 47 

Gratitude Dances ......................................................................................................................... 49 

Witchcraft & Surrender of Culture ............................................................................................... 50 

CHAPTER 5: A Photographic History of Wrangell and the Shtax'heen Kwaan ...................................... 52 

Maps ..................................................................................................................................................... 52 

Town of Wrangell .................................................................................................................................. 56 

Structures and Totems .......................................................................................................................... 60 

People, Regalia & Other At.oow ........................................................................................................... 67 

The Last Great Potlatch ......................................................................................................................... 77 

TABLES ............................................................................................................................................ 80 

List of Stikine clans and house groups identified by Swanton {1908) ................................................... 80 

Estimate of Kolosh in 1834 .................................................................................................................... 81 

Census of Native Tribes of Russian America [in 1839] .......................................................................... 81 

Estimate of Kolosh [Tiingit] in 1861 ...................................................................................................... 82 

Estimate of Tlingit in 1880 .................................................................................................................... 82 

Estimate of Tlingit {"Koluschan") in 1890 .............................................................................................. 83 

3 
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Works Cited ..................................................................................................................................... 84 

4 
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INTRODUCTION 

Purpose and Ccrrtent 

The Shtax'heen Kwaan is known in the Tlingit language as the "bitter unwholesome water tribe" 

or the "water so silty that it must chewed tribe" (Emmons and De Laguna 199la) both referring 

to the murky waters of the Stikine River from which these people thrived and persist. Often 

considered to have been the most populous, ferocious and powerful group among the Tlingit in 

Southeast Alaska (Paige et al. 2009, Swanton 1908), the Shtax'heen Kwaan controlled an area 

rich in natural resources and with unbridled access to interior trade. Their monopoly thrived 

during and prior to European contact but recent history has seen extensive cultural assimilation, 

cultural erosion and decimation in the indigenous population of the area. In order to support and 

encourage recent efforts at revitalization of the Kwaan and its heritage, this paper will serve as a 

synthesis of available written literature on their known history, culture, chronology, genealogy 

and associated landscapes. 

It is important to note that many of the facts reported here are derived from historical 

ethnographic accounts that may not be entirely accurate and in some cases could be entirely 

wrong. Early ethnographers, though many were likely doing the best that they knew how, often 

failed to understand the meaning behind cultural rituals, ceremonies, actions and beliefs. This 

stems from a number of challenges that exist to this day including differences in worldview, 

cosmology, ontology, epistemology, axiology, methodology and language (Wilson 2008), these 

being more than a few barriers to accuracy. 

Cultural and language differences undoubtedly serve as barriers to cross cultural understanding 

and ethnographic research. A willingness to respect and acknowledge cultural values and ways 

of knowing about the world that oppose one's own understanding of the universe is essential to 

this process. This is a literature review of historical and contemporary documents and does not 

include first person research. When quoting previous works throughout this paper it should be 

noted that the language, philosophy and analysis is not necessarily that of the author and may be 

interpreted by the reader as is appropriate. Also included is a photographic compilation from the 

late l91

h century and early 201

h century. This is a living and evolving document open to critique, 

criticism and change. It is not meant to be an exhaustive compilation either, but rather an 

overview of an intriguing, inspiring and complex group known as the Shtax'heen Kwaan. It is 

meant solely for educational purposes and to give back at least a small piece of history to those 

wonderful people with whom I work, the Stikine Tlingit. 

General Hi say cl Land Use & Development in Wrangell and Aloog the Stikine 

The traditional homeland of the Shtax'heen Kwaan encompassed a vast area within the southern 

Alexander Archipelago stretching from Cape Fanshaw on Frederick Sound in the north to Union 

Bay on the Cleveland Peninsula in the south (Paige et al. 2009). This territory included "the east 

side ofKupreanofisland, including Portage and Totem Bays, Duncan Canal and Mitkofisland 

and across Sumner Straight to Red Bay on the north coast of Prince of Wales Island, south along 

the coast of Prince of Wales Island to Thome Bay and cast along Ernest Sound to Bradfield 

Canal" (Paige ct a!. 2009). Additionally the group controlled Etolin, Zarembo, and Wrangell 

5 
823 


Insert offset folio 903 here 98942A.805

Islands as well as the entire Stikine River Valley as far upstream as Telegraph Creek in present 

day British Columbia at the border ofTahltan Athabaskan territory (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a). 

The Stikine River (from which the Shtax'heen Kwaan gets its name) was a critical component of 

this group's rise to power in the region and they monopolized trading with the Tahltan 

Athabascans, the Russians and the Hudson Bay Company fur traders (Cohen 1989) similar to 

their more northerly neighbors' control of the Chilkat and Taku Rivers (Paige et al. 2009). 

Within this territory the several clans that make up the Kwaan claimed "exclusive ownership of 

some hunting and fishing areas and shared ownership and uses in other areas" (Paige et al. 2009). 

There appears to have been overlap in the upper regions of the river valley between Tlingit and 

Tahltan territorial rights (Paige et al. 2009) as described by Emmons (1991): 

"Here for a distance of 15 miles, from just below Glen ora to Telegraph Creek, the Tlingit 

claimed exclusive fishing rights on all the tributaries along the northern shore, as well as 

ownership of the adjacent berry patches, but not the hunting rights in the area, nor fishing 

rights on the Stikine itself." 

According to Paige et al (2009) these interior areas offered the drier and sunnier climate needed 

for drying salmon, as well as abundant berries which were not available in these quantities along 

the coast. The mouth of the Stikine including its tidal flats and nearby islands, the main channel 

and major tributaries were used by several of the clans (Paige et al. 2009). Scott (1953) quotes a 

U.S. government report that describes trade between the Shtax'heen Kwaan and the interior 

Tahltans: 

"These fish they clean and dry in large quantities both for their own use and for trading 

with the Indians in the Interior for furs, bear and deer meat. A regular trade is thus kept 

up by them with the interior tribes, and they are exceedingly jealous of any outside 

interference with it. Much of their antipathy to white people going up the rivers arises 

from this cause; the coast Indians fearing that the whites will steal away their trade." 

Ownership and control of resources to the Tlingit meant rights, privileges, prestige and 

responsibility and along the Stikine this translated to control of river traffic and trade (Paige et al. 

2009). The larger Tlingit groups usually had rights to at least one sockeye salmon stream and 

productive streams would be claimed by a clan house "with summer camps and smokehouses 

established near the mouths of such streams" (Emmons 1991). The Shtax'heen clans shared the 

main stem of the Stikine but certain sites, "especially confluence areas", were claimed by 

individual clans who utilized and controlled resources in those areas (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a, 

Paige et al. 2009). 

Scott in 1953 describes early Wrangell Tlingit control of the Stikine: 

"They would get things like clams, ulakan [ candlefish] grease, dried seaweed, herring 

eggs- they use to like those dried salmon, kelp, and all the things from the sea. They'd 

do up to Tahltan and get skins like bear, marten, and lynx. [Did the Tahltan people ever 

bring the furs down here or did the Wrangell group always go up there?] The Wrangell 

people always went up there because they [Tahltan] didn't have any canoes." 

6 
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CHAPTER 1: Trade, DerTIO!J"aphy and Early Euro-American Contact in Wrangell 

As compiled and summarized by Paige ct a! (2009) 

The Stikine Indians had "probably the longest and most continuous [contact with 

EuroAmericans) of any except the Sitka tribe" (Goldschmidt and Haas 1998). In 1833, 

during the Russian occupation of what is now Southeast Alaska, the Russian-American 

Company established a garrison at Wrangell, which they called Redoubt St. Dionysius, to 

protect the fur trade with the Stikine Tlingits. The garrison attracted people from 

Kotzlitzna and other settlements and continued to serve as a gateway to the rich fishing 

grounds and trade routes of the Stikine River, as well as the waters of Frederick and 

Ernest Sounds, and Sumner and Zimovia Straights. The 1840 treaty also transferred 

control of the Stikine trade and changed the name of the garrison to Fort Stikinc. Before 

Alaska was purchased by the United States, the garrison became known as Fort Wrangell, 

and then Wrangell. The community attracted settlers from camps and settlements across 

the territory of the Stikine Tlingit, as well as Euro Americans gold seekers, fur trappers, 

and traders. 

The arrival ofEuro Americans in Wrangell and the economic opportunities offered in 

town played a large role in altering the Native population and its social and cultural life. 

The establishment of salmon processors at Wrangell quickly altered the traditional Tlingit 

stream ownership patterns and the networks that controlled harvest practices. Key 

respondents reported that ever since contact with Euro Americans, Tlingits have 

continually lost ownership and control of salmon streams. 

Beginning in late 1870s, Christian missionaries arrived and settled in the community. In 

1877, Presbyterian and Catholic missionaries established churches and schools in 

Wrangell. The gold rushes of the Stikine, Cassiar, and Klondike in the late 1800s brought 

successive waves of prospectors and surveyors. The local economy benefited from the 

mining industry, especially in the form of transportation services, with steamboats 

carrying passengers up the Stikine River as far as Telegraph Creek. By 1895, the salmon 

canning industry brought more people to the region, and Wrangell became the location of 

several fish processing companies (City ofWrangell2004). Salmon canneries and 

salteries required lumber for construction and shipping crates, resulting in construction of 

a sawmill in 1888(Cohen 1989). 

Commercial riverboat service on the Stikinc as far upriver as Glcnora provided access to 

the interior. The riverboat service continued, at a reduced level, through the 1960s, and 

ended in 1969. The Tongass National Forest was established in 1907, leading to the 

growth of the logging and timber processing industries. Prospecting, mining, and trapping 

also contributed to the economic life of the community in those decades. During World 

War II, the Stikinc River was used by the military to transport men and equipment used 

to build part of the Northwest Staging Route. 

In 1839, Wrangell District population studies recorded indigenous settlements at Etolin 

Island and Stikine Village, as well as at other unnamed locations. The study recorded an 

7 
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Insert offset folio 905 here 98942A.807

estimated total population of 1,510, of which only 20 were reported as non-Native 

(Veniaminov and Pierce 1984. By 1880, the indigenous population in the nearby 

settlements had dropped to 317 {De Laguna, 1990 #80), while the population of the town 

of Wrangell had risen to 106. In the next decade, the population of the Native settlements 

experienced a sharp drop; by 1890, only 73 people were enumerated there, while the 

population of the town of Wrangell rose to 316. In the 10 years between the 1890 and 

1900 census, the non-Native population of Wrangell increased from 71 to 434 (Rogers 

1960). The Tlingit population also rose, but more modestly, from 243 to 364. The 

district's population rose to 868 in 1900, with only 21 enumerated in "other" places in the 

Wrangell District. The City of Wrangell was incorporated in 1903. 

The population outside the town of Wrangell was low through the 1930s while that of the 

town grew as Native people relocated there. In 1932, the Wrangell Institute, a U.S. 

Bureau of Indian Affairs school for Alaska Native children, opened 5 miles south of 

town, and was a major contributor to the increase to 207 of the population outside of 

town. The Wrangell Institute operated from 1932 to I 975. By 1939, 34% of Wrangell's 

population was Alaska Native. By 1950, the town population was 1,263, and the 

population outside was 405. Wrangell continued to grow steadily throughout this period, 

reaching I ,275 by 1958 (Rogers 1960). 

Following the U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia, a military regime was put in place to exert 

control over the territory, maintain the role of law and to extend the rights and privileges of 

American Citizens to this distant land, the latter of which was seldom extended to those of 

indigenous descent. This military presence lasted from 1867 untill912 and was described by 

Thomas Thornton (2002) as having engaged in "violent and reactionary tendencies ... marked by 

immorality, lawlessness and aggression." The regime initiated bombardments against four major 

Tlingit communities including Kake, Angoon, Yakutat and Wrangell. Bancroft (1960) maintains 

that these acts of aggression in response to Tlingit infractions were "provoked by the misconduct 

of the white population" 

Leaders of the Tlingit communities were quick to seek reproach for these actions against their 

people and called a meeting with Governor John Brady in December of 1898 that failed to 

invoke government sympathy (Thornton 2002). Kadashan, a clan leader from Wrangell spoke to 

this effect: 

"Ever since I was a boy I have heard the names of different points, bays, islands, 

mountains, places where [we] get herring, [hunt] and make camps, that is why I think this 

country belongs to us." (Hinckley 1970). 

To no avail, the indigenous members of this meeting were left with "patronizing dismissal from 

the paternalistic Governor who insisted that the Natives were better off than they had ever been 

and that if they wished to progress and become more civilized they should follow the white 

man's lead" (Thornton 2002). 

While the formation of the Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and the Alaska Native Sisterhood 

(ANS) would eventually bring a sociopolitical voice to the Tlingit, the early leaders of these 

8 
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Insert offset folio 906 here 98942A.808

groups accepted much of the missionary paradigm and accepted a code that suppressed 

traditional Tlingit political organization and cultural customs in favor of assimilating objectives 

(Thornton 2002). According to Thornton (2002) this included the "cultivation of a Christian 

lifestyle and the repudiation of aboriginal religion, ceremonialism, language, dress and divisive 

clan politics." He goes on to explain that warring clans from Wrangell and Sitka were forced to 

engage in a traditional peace ceremony before they were even allowed to join the ANB. 

Devastation by Smallpox 

As with many indigenous cultures in the new world early European contact meant the arrival of 

new diseases to which the people had little or no immunity. A major cause of population decline 

in the late 1700s and early 1800s among the Tlingit was the introduction of smallpox. Captain 

Nathaniel Portlock, a British trader, reported that 

"Tlingits of Cross Sound had been struck by smallpox around 1775, and in 1820 the 

Tlingit chief Saigakakh told a Russian-American Company official that some 50 years 

earlier, i.e., about 1770, smallpox had spread from the Stikinc River to Sitka, leaving only 

one or two members of each family alive." (Gibson 1982, Khlebnikov 1976) 

The disease "killed one-third of the Indians of the crown colony of British Columbia, including 

two-thirds of the Tsimshians" (Gibson 1982) in a number of devastating waves. The timespan 

since the end of the earlier wave in 1779 and the newer waves was longer than the average 

Indian lifespan and thus the entire population lacked previously acquired immunity (Gibson 

1982). Gibson (1982) reports that up to 400 Tlingits died in one village near Sitka and almost 

half of the residents at Sitka itself perished in the outbreak of 1862. This was also devastating 

along the Stikine "where they had probably contracted the disease from the 3,000 to 4,000 

American gold seekers who rushed to the river in the spring of 1862" (Tikhmenev 1978). In the 

spring of 1836 the epidemic weakened as the Indians dispersed to their spring fishing and 

hunting grounds but was revived by December causing a "fatality rate among the Stikine and 

Sitka Tlingits of 25 percent, and no less at Kaigani, Tongass, Chilkat, Keku and other Indain 

villages" (Gibson 1982). 

These outbreaks of smallpox are often considered to have impacted the Tlingit more than any 

other group as Gibson (1982) explains: 

"Before the outbreak they were unquestionably the most formidable of the Northwest 

Coast Indian groups, owing to their high degree of solidarity arising from their strong 

clan system, their large population, their skilful manipulation of Russian, British, and 

American commercial rivalry, their ready access to firearms from Y ankec gunrunners, 

the inaccessibility of many of their villages far up the mazy "straits," their control of two 

ofthc principal trade routes between the coast and the interior (the Chilkat and Stikine 

river valleys), and their virtual monopolization of several of the most valuable native 

trade goods (placer copper, ermine skins and superior baskets and robes). This position of 

wealth and strength was shattered by the epidemic, and the Tlingits' resistance to Euro 

American territorial and particularly cultural encroachment was broken." (Gibson 1982) 

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CHAPTER 2: Specific Origins, Structure, Compositioo and Territcriesd theStikine 

Kwaan 

Societal Structure 

According to John R. Swanton (1908) at least fourteen geographical Tlingit groups existed prior 

to Euro-American contact including: The Tougas (TAnga'c Kwaan), Sam'a or Cape Fox Indians 

(Sa'nya Kwaan), Hcnya (He'nya Kwaan), Kuiu(Kuiu Kwaan), Kake (Kcq! Kwaan), 

Sumdum(S!aoda'n Kwaan), Stikine (Staq! hl'n Kwaan or Cq! At Kwaan), Takn (T!aq! 

Kwaan), Auk (Ak! u Kwaan), Hutsnuwu (Xutslnuwu' Kwaan), Huna (Hu'na Kwaan), Chilkat 

(Djilqfi't Kwaan), and Yakutat (Yaq uda't Kwaan or Laxayi'k Kwaan). The Hehl (Xel Kwaan) 

once formed an independent group on Revillagigcdo Island but now reside in Wrangell (Swanton 

1908). 

The ancient moiety system may have had even greater distinction than it does currently. 

According to an unknown Sitka interpreter employed by Swanton, the Eagle people were called 

Na (nation) or "Cengoqedi'na", but there was no one name for all of the Ravens "they being one 

simply in marriage laws, emblems and various other respects" (Swanton 1908). A close 

confidant of Swanton named Katishan, chief of the Kasqlague' di at Wrangell, confirms that all 

of the Wolf clans used to be denominated as "Sh'tqoedi" and all of the Raven clans as 

"Gonatqana'yi." Swanton ( 1908) speculates that these groups may have been originally derived 

from two separate races. He goes on to describe Tlingit migration northward: 

"The Tlingit uniformly trace the origin of nearly all of their clans to the Tsimshian coast, 

below Port Simpson, that is, to the neighborhood of the mouth of the Skeena River. It is 

said by some that nearly all of the present clans immigrated in this manner and that most 

of the 'old Alaskans', those who they found in possession, have died out." (Swanton 

1908) 

Others such as Olson (1968) refute this claim: 

"Swanton states that 'the Tlingit quite uniformly trace the origin of nearly all their clans 

to the Tsimshian coast' but this is not so. I think this misstatement may be due to one of 

his chief informants having been Chief Katishan of Wrangell, whose family boasted 

some Tsimshian blood. Places of origin of various clans are located from Yakutat Bay in 

the north to Tsimshian territory. Certain of the clans, such as the Nastedi and Nexadi, are 

almost certainly Tsimshian in origin, just as it is very likely the Ganaxada clan of the 

Tsimshian is Tlingit (Ganaxadi) in origin." 

The clan divisions were traditionally ranked differently on the social scale and among the highest 

were the Ka'gwantaan, the Kiks'adi, Ganax'adi, Luqfi'xadi and Nanyaa.aayi with their 

importance "evidently due in the first place to the size of the towns to which they belonged and 

more remotely to the position of those towns relative to trade routes (Swanton 1908). This 

hierarchy was also based on wealth and at.oow (purchased things) including songs, stories, and 

dance. An informant of Olson (1967) gives an account of clan hierarchy discussion between 

chiefs at Wrangell: 

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Insert offset folio 908 here 98942A.810

"Chief Katishan and Chief Kudoat of Wrangell became involved in a friendly argument 

as to which was the higher clan, the Kagwantan ofChilkat or the Nanyaayih of Wrangell. 

They agreed that Kudoat was to begin. (He was of the Kagwantan [Wolf] clan whereas 

Katishan was of the Kaskakwedh, a Raven clan.) Kudoat named the various crests, 

houses, canoes, dishes, face-paintings, and so on of the Kagwantan. Katishan then named 

the Nanyaayih claims to comparable things-and there were twice as many! In addition he 

mentioned that of all the clans only the Nanyaayih had the moose skin with the perforated 

comers, used to carry distinguished guests from their canoes to the house of the host. 

Then the two started singing the clan songs. There were twice as many Nanyaayih songs! 

At this a third chief, who had been listening, advised Kudoat to give up, for he was 

beaten." (Olson 1967) 

Five clans of the Eagle/Wolf moiety, Naanyaa.aayi, Sik'nax.adi, Xook'edi, Kayaashkiditaan, and 

Xilkweidi, and five of the Raven moiety, Kiks.adi, Teeyhittaan, Kaach.adi, Kaasx'agweidi, and 

Taalkweidi were represented among the Stikine Tlingit (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a). Though not 

listed in Goldschmidt and Haas (1998), Emmons and DeLaguna (1991) or Paige eta! (2009), the 

Wolf clans Daklawedih and Nas.adi (the latter later settled in Kake), as well as the Nex.adi of the 

outside third moiety appear to have at one time played a role among the Shtax'heen Kwaan 

according to Olson (1967). Only the Daklawcdih will be discussed under clan descriptions. 

Overview cl Origins 

Paige ct a! (2009) explains several of their origins: 

''The origins of these several clans are complex. The Naanyaa.aayi, Wolf/Eagle moiety, 

were thought to be of Athabascan origin. According to oral history related by key 

respondents, the Naanyaa.aayi came down the Stikine River to the coast in ancient times, 

when resources in the interior became scarce, by floating down the river through a hole 

under a glacier. An elderly couple volunteered to take the dangerous and uncertain trip 

through what appeared to be a passageway under a glacier in an attempt to explore the 

possibility of finding a territory richer in resources. After weeks had passed, it was 

assumed they had perished, but when those left behind climbed to a high overlook, the 

couple was seen in the distance, safe, on the other side of the glacier. The rest of the 

people followed to the place now referred to as "Old Village" or "Old Town", south of 

Wrangell. 

Other histories described the Naanyaa.aayi as one of the Sik'nax.adi Tlingit clans that 

traveled down the Taku River from the interior to the coast( Olson 1967). The Sik'nax.adi 

settled at the mouth ofthe Taku becoming the Y entedih of Auk, while the Naanyaa.aayi 

went south to Wrangell. According to the testimony collected in 1946 by Goldschmidt 

and Haas (1998:74), the Naanyaa.aayi clan claimed aboriginal use and ownership of the 

upper reaches ofStikine River from above Shakes Place to beyond Telegraph Creek. 

The Kiks.adi, Raven moiety, moved to the area from the south, near the border with the 

Tsimshian people. According to some accounts, the Kiks.adi were the first to arrive at the 

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Stikine coast. They explored the Stikine and settled at several locations on the mainland 

shores of the Eastern Passage. Other clans migrated to the area, including the Wolf/Eagle 

Xook'edi clan, and the Raven Kaach.adi, Teeyhittan, Taalkweidi, and Kaasx'agweidi 

clans (Goldschmidt and Haas 1998)." (Paige et al. 2009) 

The Sanya Kwaan to the south and the Stikine Kwaan a bit further north shared a close 

relationship to one another and in many instances the Stikine Kwaan clans claimed origins and 

territory to the south. Olson (1967) identifies several specific locations: 

"The Kiksadi clan claimed the area around Port Tongass. The stream at Ketchikan, noted 

for its run of humpback salmon, was a Nexadi camping place. But about 1800 it passed to 

the Tantakwan as a gift; a Nexadi chief named Kuka k married a Tantakwan woman of 

the Ganaxadi clan, and at her death he gave it to his brothers-in-law at the mourning 

potlatch. One informant gave the following list of the places and areas "owned" by 

various groups. The Tekwedih are said to have once been very numerous and owned 

many places: (1) Unuk River and all its watershed. (Djunanax shortened to djunax means 

"by dream" for it was discovered by a man dreaming of it.) (2) Chickamin River. The 

river is called Xetl (foam). The same man as in the preceding dreamed of it and in the 

dream great heaps of foam were floating down. Some of the Wrangell people (a 

subdivision of the Tckwedih clan) are called Xetltekwedih and they claimed it. (3) 

Walker Cove (kena xkt). (4) Yes Bay (ye'ic gi'h, the name of the stream flowing from 

Lake McDonald). (5) Spacious Bay (wac). (6) Gedney Passage (kagi"t). The Nexadi clan 

owned the following places: (1) Rudyard Bay (xena'). (2) Smeaton Bay (xan). (3) Naha 

Bay (Loring area). The Kiksadi owned: (I) Boca de Quadra and its arms. (2) Neets Bay 

(glhdu'naxdeh). (3) The area from around Cape Fox to Portland Canal, including Nakat, 

Willard, and Fillmore inlets; also Wales and Pearse islands. 

Within the general Sanyakwan area certain places were owned by the Stikinkwan 

(Wrangell). These included: Snail Rocks (sik!ganax) and the channel leading to 

Ketchikan. (2) Port Steward (ganax) in Behm Canal. This is the traditional starting place 

or earliest settlement of all the Ganaxadi and Ganaxtedi clans of all the tribes. It came to 

belong to the Wrangell Kiksadi. (3) Helm Bay (kiks) belonged to the Wrangell Kiksadi. 

This is probably the traditional home of all the Kiksadi clans. ( 4) Traitor's Cove 

(kuna Vx). This had belonged to the Kiksadi but it was given to the Wrangell 

Xetltekwedih. (5) Bell Arm and Behm Narrows. These (and possibly the Chickamin 

River) were owned by the Wrangell Xetltekwedih, who are regarded as an offshoot of the 

Sanyakwan Tekwedih." (Olson 1967) 

The geographical limits of the Stikine K waan are not fully understood and were probably never 

exact since it was not territorial boundaries that were important but rather "places for fishing, 

hunting, berrying and so on" (Olson 1967). These areas were owned by the clans or house groups 

and not by the geographical group known now as a tribe. Olson ( 1967) explains this complexity 

further: 

The clan territories in the area present a complex picture and it is probably impossible at 

this late date to reconstruct the possessory claims of the various clans. In part this is 

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because most members of the tribe moved to the trading post at Wrangell in the early 

years of the nineteenth century and many of the old areas, especially those far up the 

Stikine River, were neglected in favor of areas which yielded sea otter furs. Most of the 

data given here were obtained from GB [a member of the Tihittan of Wrangell]. The 

Stikinkwan held territory up the Stikine River to twelve miles beyond Telegraph Creek 

where the Katcaddi clan owned a fishing place called Nakica'k. On the mainland coast 

their territory extended from Cape Fanshaw in the north, southward to Loring. They 

rather indefinitely "owned" one half of Kupreanof Island and the eastern part of Prince of 

Wales Island from Red Bay southward to Tolsoi Bay." (Olson 1967) 

PopulatialS, Villages and Territaies Post-Cootact 

The 1880 U.S. Census listed eight small villages remaining within the region of the Stikine 

Kwaan at that time (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a) that are in addition to those on Wrangell Island 

itself and are said to be named after clan chiefs of the area: 

Village Location Population 

Shustak's Village Etolin Island 38 persons 

Kash' s Village Etolin Island 49 persons 

Shake's Village Etolin Island 38 persons 

Towayat's Village Etolin island 82 persons 

Kohltlen' s Village Stikine River 28 persons 

Hinauhau's Village Stikine River 31 persons 

Kadishan's Village Stikine River 27 persons 

Shallyany' s Village Stikine River 24 persons 

Four maps of the area arc included as figures in this report. Figure l is a map depicting the 

Kwaan territories of the southern Tlingit in relation to one another and in relation to other 

cultural groups in the region. Figure 2 is a map of the Stikine region in the early 20'h century 

with emphasis on areas controlled by the Tehitan as illustrated by William Paul Sr. in a letter to 

Theodore Haas for inclusion in Golschmidt and Haas ( 1998). Figure 3 is an illustration by 

Goldschmidt and Haas (1998, Chart 11) showing aboriginal use and ownership of the area in 

1946. Figure 4 is a map of Wrangell proper and the locations ofTlingit clan houses as illustrated 

by George T. Emmons sometime between 1880 and 1900. 

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CHAPTER 3: Clans of the Shtax'heen Kwaan 

Great ClansoftheEagle/Wolf Mciety 

The Nanyaa.aayi & Sik nax.adi 

The Nanyaa.aayi were the most numerous and powerful clan of the Stikine Kwaan (Olson 1967). 

As mentioned previously many Nanyaa.aayi of Wrangell tell of their origins on the upriver side 

of a Stikine glacier and their passage under that glacier preceded by an elderly couple that was 

willing to risk their life in search of additional resources for their people. Other histories describe 

this Wrangell group as originating at the upper reaches of the Taku River as part of the 

Hitklenkwan (Big House People), having floated down from the interior to the coast (Paige et al. 

2009). While some settled at the mouth of the Taku becoming the Yenyedih of Auk, others 

continued south to Wrangell where they became known as the Nanyaa.ayi and further branched 

forming the Sik nax.adi (Siknahaddi'h) (Olson 1967). Still others from the original clan went 

northward and formed the Daklawedih (see Daklawedih clan legends below) on the Chilkoot 

River (Olson 1967). While it is still ambiguous as to which river contained the original glacier 

mentioned in the clan stories (the Stikine or the Taku), the story itself remains similar. The story 

does become further compounded by another account from Olson ( 1967) where presumably the 

original clan is part of the Hitklenkwan: 

"The Kaiyae krttitan clan lived at Port Snettisham above Sumdum Bay where they had a 

village called Srtko'h (Glacier Place). At that time the clan was called Sitkwedi'h (Glacier 

People). The clan divided. Some moved to Kake where they are still called the Sitkwedih. 

Another group moved to the Stikine area where they took the new name. The Srtkwedih 

may be one of the really ancient names and ancient clans for at Wrangell the entire 

assemblage ofWolfphratry clans may be addressed as Sitkwedih. "Even the Namyaahih" 

sometimes called themselves Sitkwedih or Siknaha'ddi." (Olson 1967) 

It is said that the Nanyaa.aayi first landed in Shumacher Bay where they built a village called 

Kecangitaan (willows inside bay town) but they soon left that place and moved to Mill Creek 

establishing the village ofTcukasan (Olson 1967). It is here that they are said to have been met 

by subsequent migrations and have joined with other clans to form the Shtax'heen Kwaan. The 

Nanyaa.ayi subsequently left Mill Creek as well and in coordination with other clans formed 

what became known as Old Town calling it "Kasakla'n. It was after this move that the war with 

the Tsimshian occurred and during the peace process "the Naanyaa.aayi were given the name 

Cekc (Shakes) by the Tsimshian meaning "giant tree" in the Tsimshian tongue" (Olson 1967). 

The meaning is disputed by Emmons (1991) which claims that this is a "Tsimshian name 

meaning 'splasher' (referring to a whale), which was captured in a war 'six generations ago"' 

(Emmons and De Laguna 199la). This name would later be given to numerous powerful chiefs 

of this clan. The first Chief Shakes (Cckc) is thought to have been the richest man among all of 

the Tlingit and he had two wives, one was Yaduha'n, the sister ofChiefYetlkak ofKlukwan, the 

other was a Tihittan woman named Djunkla'n (Olson 1967). More on Shakes' name acquisition 

below under the Scrgief Island description. 

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The Nanyaa.ayi claimed usc and ownership of the upper reaches of the Stikine from above 

Shakes place to beyond Telegraph Creek (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a).They eventually established 

villages at Green Point, Point Rothsay, and on Sergieflsland (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a). Paige et 

al (2009) describe each of these places: 

Green Point to Garnet La::tle There were good gillnet sites in back eddies near a creek 

locally referred to as Goat Creek, which is southeast of Gamet Ledge. According to a local 

respondent this fishing site was much desired by the Wrangell Tlingit. Chinook, coho, 

and pink salmon spawned in Goat Creek, and freshwater clams were found nearby. 

There were camps at the mouth of the Stikine where the people went in 

the fall to get kings, sockeyes, humpies, dogs, and cohos. Some of the 

people stay there until fall, and some go to other places. I gillnet there now, 

and I went after hooligans in the spring of 1945. (Goldschmidt and Haas 

1998:156) 

Sergei/sand. The Tlingit traded with the Tsimshian on this island in the Stikine River 

flats. The Tlingit once set gillnets for salmon and eulachon in an eddy that was midway 

along the eastern shore. The Naanyaa.aayi clan once had longhouses in the woods near this 

eddy. In 2002, the time of the researchers' trip, the eddy, covered by willows and alders, no longer existed, and the surrounding land was privately owned. A previous landowner 

allowed researchers to look for cultural artifacts on the site, but the land had since 

changed owners. The island was also thought to be where Chief Shakes acquired his name from a Tsimshian chief who was named l/1.t3e 'ceks, as part of a peace settlement with the 

Tlingit after they captured his Tsimshian warriors in a Sergief Island slough. The name was later shortened to "Shakes." The waters between Sergief Island and Point Rothsay were known as the "bone yard" because they were the "final resting place" for trees and 

other large debris that floated down the river. In 1946, Thomas Ukas stated there was a Naanyaa.aayi clan village at Sergieflsland: 

The people from Wrangell go there in the spring to gather hooligans. They 

don't live here in the winter, but use it for spring camp. Sergicf Island is now owned by a white man." (Goldschmidt and Haas 1998:158) 

Point Rothsay. The eddies ncar Point Rothsay offered places for the Stikine Tlingit to set 

10 ft gillnets. A contemporary respondent thought the nets were made from nettle and 

spruce roots, but was not sure. In his 1946 testimony, Thomas Ukas stated "There was a village at Point Rothsay, which belonged to the Naanyaa.aayr (Goldschmidt and Haas 

1998:158). Willis Hoagland, also testifYing in 1946, stated: 

There was a hooligan camp at Six-Mile Point, just above Point Rothsay. 

There were camps at the mouth of the Stikinc where the people went in 

the fall to get kings, sockeyes, humpies, dogs, and cohos ... I gillnet there 

now, and I went after hooligans in the spring of 1945. Quite a few of the 

people from here go up there every year. (Goldschmidt and Haas 

1998:156) 

Thomas Ukas described gillnetting for salmon between Point Rothsay and Scrgief Island 

and along the east channel as far as Babbler Point; trolling in the spring from Point 

Highfield ncar Wrangell as far as Babbler Point; and trolling north ofWoronkofski Island, 

around Yank, Sokolof, and Rynda islands (Goldschmidt and Haas 1998: 160). 

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Specific sites of ownership for this clan as described by Olson (1967) include: 

"1. Yetlhi'ndgo (Raven Creek), a salmon stream below Glenora on Hudson's Bay Flats. 

The name may indicate former ownership by some Raven moiety clan. 2. Hlktcahin 

(Frog Creek), a place halfway to Telegraph Creek. This was a fishing and berrying place. 

3. Tsashathi'ni, an important salmon stream near the preceding. 4. Hathi'nago (Root 

Creek) on the left bank of the Stikine just below 3. 5. Cakaa'n (Farther Up Town), the 

mouth of the Stikine on the left bank. 6. A part of the winter village at Mill Creek. 7. 

Tukkutlgo'xan, a temporary village at the lower end of Blake Channel. 8. Kuxnu'k (Set 

Back Island), Sergief Island. This was a fishing ground during the summer. Here the war 

with the Tsimshian was fought. A shifting of the Stikine channels caused abandonment of 

this site and the camp was moved to 9. 9. Xilaka'ti (Herring Rake Island). Here was a 

camp used mainly for eulachon fishing. 10. A large section ofKasatla'n (Willow Town), 

Old Wrangell." (Olson 1967) 

The Sik nax.adi controlled "1) Yey'ankoh (Inland Place), Aaron Creek 2) Anan (Sit Down 

Town), Anan Creek- the name comes from the fact that morning people would go out of doors 

and sit down to talk things over (sic). This was a great salmon fishing place" (Olson 1967). 

The Nanyaa.aayi have four main crests which include the brown bear from the time of the flood, 

the killer whale acquired from the Tsimshian war (the Daklawedih also use the killer whale), the 

dogfish hat which they had when they were at Taku, and the marmot hat (Olson 1967). This clan 

was so high caste that "their spirits had very high names. One of these was Curing Spirit 

(Wudzine'xe-yek) and another Man-under-the-earth (Ant!a'yi-qa). Although KAckU'Lk! and 

Lqlaya'k! were KiksA'di personal names at Sitka, at Wrangell they and their father LAkitcAne' 

all came to Nanyaa'yi shamans" (Swanton 1908). 

Usc of the killer whale crest by the Kagwantan in Sitka and Klukwan caused war to break out 

with the Nanyaa.ayi of Wrangell around 1830 (Olson 1967). For more on this see 

Daklawedih (Now present in Wrangell as "Naanyaa.aayi") 

As mentioned previously the Daklawedih are largely absent from most lists of clans within the 

Shtax'heen Kwaan that are readily available in the literature. Goldschmidt and Haas (1998) 

appear to exclude them but allude to their origins in their description of the clan name meaning 

"Inside Sand People (on the Stikine River)" (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a). Olson (1967) provides 

four separate versions of this clan's origin and role in the region. Their absence from other 

literature for the region is probably a result of their subsequent migration from the area and 

integration with the Naanyaa.aayi as described in these legends. Each of these provided by Olson 

(1967) is accounted here: 

Versoo1 (as told by MosesKiukSian, a Daklawedih c:l thevillagec:l 

Yandesl:akyah): 

The ancestors of this clan came from the interior, up the Stikine River. They were few in 

number. They were moving down the river but came to where the river ran under a 

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glacier that reached across the valley. They sent a young man to see if the glacier could 

be crossed. He found where the river ran from under the glacier. The people camped and 

argued and quarreled about what they should do. There were two old women among them 

and it was decided to send them into the tunnel-channel to test it. They said to these, "We 

have chosen you. Will you go or not? If you refuse, we will kill you." So the old women 

had no choice. They got into the skin-covered canoe and told two young men to get them 

two canoe poles. These they decorated with feathers. They put spruce twigs and feathers 

in their hair; this was to test the head-room of the icc roof of the channel. The two women 

got in the canoe, said their farewells, and as they held the canoe with the poles they sang 

a song. 

The same young man as before was sent across the glacier to sec if the old women 

emerged and he saw that they came through without their headdresses being damaged. 

(This headdress is placed on those of the clan as they are about to die.) The old women 

shouted to him, "It's safe! You can go through." So he went back with this message. The 

group decided to take the chance (for his message sounded true), calling themselves 

cowards for their fear and what they had done. So they passed through under the glacier 

and gave thanks for the new land they had found. 

They lived for quite a time at a place on the river called Cagwa'tsan. Then they decided to 

move down to the salt water. But while they were still at Cagwatsan this happened: There 

was a young man of the Daklawedih clan who fell in love with his mother's brother's 

wife. The young man lived in the house called CakAgwathit (bundled or folded house) 

and his uncle in Nana-ayehit (on the nmth side house). The uncle came to suspect that 

something was wrong. The uncle was a great hunter. Now his wife pretended to be ill and 

insisted on having a bedroom (cubicle) to herself. Each time her husband asked to spend 

the night with her she would say, "No. I am too ill." One night he walked around thinking 

of the matter. On the side of the house where the wife's bedroom was he saw an opening 

large enough for a man. He told his nephew that when he went hunting he would be home 

before dark unless something was wrong. One day instead of going hunting he took his 

hom knife and hid in the woods near the secret door. He heard whispers and giggling 

inside the bedroom. He waited. After a time the nephew emerged headfirst. The uncle 

took his knife, stabbed him and cut off his head. Then he took the head and hung it over 

the doorway of his house. The younger brother of the dead man came to build a fire for 

his uncle. He saw the head of his brother and went home and told of it. Then the feuds 

started and the people scattered to different parts of southeast Alaska. Many of the 

Daklawedih moved to Kake. One of the Daklawedih was named Natlsitlaneh. He was the 

first to carve the killer whale totem. He was hated by his brothers-in-law. [Another tale 

was interpolated here.] 

The people traveled and moved toward the north several times. But they could find only 

poor salmon (i.e., no red salmon). When some of them came to Klukwan they found that 

both sockeye and king salmon ran in the river. Here they settled. But the Nanyaayih 

remained at Wrangell. 

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Versim2 (as told by Dan Katzeek r1 Klukwan): 

It is said that an older name for the clan is Takwanedi'h and that they are nearly the same 

as the NcsAdih.' At first this clan lived at Taki'n or Tliktakat ("no sockeye salmon") at the 

foot of Chilkat Lake. They still own the point of land where the village stood, while the 

Cangukedih own the river. But since only dog salmon run in that stream, they moved to 

Klukwan where they built houses up-river from the others. They also had a few houses a 

half mile above Klukwan. 

But long ago the Daklawedih lived far up the Stikine River at a town named Daxk!le'o. 

At that time the Tsimshian, Haida, and Tlingit all spoke the same language. (Now the 

Haida Daklawedih are called Dakina and those who are Tsimshian are called Tsutsh.an.) 

In their migration north some of the Tlingit Daklawedih also stopped at Kilisnoo 

(Angoon). 

The people moved from the Stikine because one summer morning a glacier moved and 

blocked the river below the town. As the waters rose the people became excited. The next 

morning two old men went out to observe the level of the water. The others stayed in the 

houses out of fear. They began to make up packs. They called a meeting to decide what 

they should do. 

Two old men took long poles and went out. The others asked, "Where are you going?" 

"We wish to test the glacier where the river flows in," they said. Then they got a canoe 

and called the people. The old men sang, "Listen to us! Listen to this song! After we have 

passed away remember this song." The people wept. The old men got in the canoe and 

held it with the poles. The one in the stem said to the other, "What to you think? I am 

ready to die." The people knew that the lives of all were in the hands of these two. The 

old men put foot-long twigs in their hair. 

Then they went into the hole where the river ran. It was dark inside but they did not feel 

the twigs touch the ice above. Afterward two fleet-footed lads ran across the glacier to 

find the bodies. But instead they saw the old men sitting in the canoe, their faces painted, 

and they were singing. The country was fine, the weather quiet, the water salt. The boys 

called to them and the old men laughed. Then all the people (Haida, Tsimshian, and 

Tlingit) moved to the new place. Later they scattered to Metlakatla, Kasaan, and 

Ketchikan. But they all remembered the song of the old men. It is still sung at funerals; it 

honors the old people. 

The Daklawedih eventually moved to Takin on the Chilkoot River. The Nanyaayih of 

Wrangell are the same people (i.e., they remained behind). Both use the killer whale 

crest. It was over the use of this crest that the Kagwantan of Sitka and Klukwan fought 

the Nanyaayih of Wrangell. (The Daklawedih ofKlukwan were not involved.) This war 

occurred about 100 years ago (1830). The Nesadih acted as peacemakers at the end of the 

war. In the peace ceremony four men from each side danced. But one of the Kagwantan 

hostages, named Katla', had a knife hidden under a "bandage" around his middle. He 

claimed he had an open sore and put rotten clams in the wrappings to cause a smell like a 

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putrid wound. The chief of the Sitka Kagwantan, named Yakwa'n, had a long-standing 

grudge against the Nanyaayih because his grandfather had been killed by them. His 

mother cried and mourned for her father over the years. But until her son was grown she 

did not tell him of the slaughter of all his kin. He determined he would avenge him. He 

"trained" for years. When he was about forty years old he gave notice of war. 

Now the Nanyaayih were afraid to come to Sitka because they had won the earlier war 

and they thought that their Sitka enemies were out to even the score of killings. But the 

Sitka Kagwantan schemed, offering them trade advantages and other inducements. 

Finally many of the Nanyaayih came to Sitka and a peace dance was arranged. Yakwan 

disguised himself and hid a knife and a short spear under his blanket. At the height of the 

dance Yakwan gave a signal, threw off his blanket. He speared two men, stabbed two 

others. All the Kagwantan (including Katla) joined in. All the Nanyaayih in the house 

were killed. Today very few of them arc left at Wrangell. 

Version 3 (as told by "GB" of the Ganaxtedih clan ofKiukwan): 

The people were living far up the Stikine River where there was an ice dam across the 

valley. No one had ever been below this and they didn't know of the coast. The people 

decided to move downstream. There were two men too old to be of much use. These two 

went under the natural arch in a canoe. They had things tied to poles to measure the 

ceiling. One was named Kuwasi'ka, the other Wuwutcdlte'h. As they shoved off, the two 

men sang, "Ah+ yi, srtyi nax xatgwatlihac" (Free may we float out from under this 

barrier). The nephew ofWuwutcditeh, named Nasego'h, was a swift runner. He ran 

across the barrier and met the old men as they emerged. 

When the people learned that the men had gone through safely they all moved 

downstream to a place called Tasayayika'n (big sandy place?). From there some moved to 

the Nass. These were called the Xangik and they became the Tsimshian. Others moved to 

Angoon, keeping the name Daklawedih. Others moved to Kake and took the name 

Nesadi. Some stayed on at Tasayayikan for a time. They used to sing a song which ran, 

"When was there ever held a potlatch at Tasayayikan?" Later some of these moved to 

Katltsakkan near Wrangell and became the Nanyaayih. Some others moved to Klukwan. 

Version 4 (as told by "GB" ofthe Ganaxtedih clan ofKiukwan): 

The Daklawedih clan was the predominant (owning) one ofEtolin Island and part of 

Prince of Wales Island. Many pictographs of the killer whale, their principal crest, may 

be seen in that area. Their chief village was Tutxa'nk! below Lake Bay. 

The legendary home of the clan was far up the Stikine, about a hundred and fifty miles. 

Their village, still occupied by a few of the clan, was called Takun. In their migration 

they came down the river on a raft and reached a point where a glacier blocked the valley. 

Here they sent an elderly couple down on a raft to see if the tunnel under the glacier 

could be negotiated. They stood up a small tree with feathers tied to the tip to test the 

height of the passage .. As the two set forth they sang a song. The passage was negotiated 

safely and the rest of the people followed. 

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With the Daklawedih clan were the Nesadi ofKake and the Nexadi of the Sanyakwan. 

The Nexadi settled first at a place on the Stikine near Boundary. Later they moved to the 

Sanya (Cape Fox) area. The Daklawedih settled at Tutxank. At that place an incident 

occurred which caused the clan to split. A young man named Gatke'h was having an 

affair with the wife of a chief. She schemed as to how she might trick her husband. She 

put clams under her clothing. These began to smell in a few days and she went to her 

husband and said, "I am sick. You can smell for yourself. Put me out-ofdoors. Build me a 

little house where a shaman can treat me." 

She installed herself in the retreat so her lover could visit her each night. The lover told 

his brother he was going away, adding, "If I'm not back before daylight, look for me." 

That night the chief heard giggling from the wife's house. He wondered about this and 

became suspicious. He told his slaves, "Get dry clamshells from the beach. Put them 

around my wife's house." That night he listened. He heard the shells crunch. He took his 

stone club, went to the shelter and found the lovers. He killed the lover, cut off his head 

and hung it above the door in his house. 

The brother noted that his brother did not return. Near daylight he took a torch and went 

searching for him. When he came to the chiefs house he put out the light and went in, 

saying, "I came for a light. My torch went out." He relighted the torch at the fireplace. On 

the way out something (blood) dropped on his hand. He looked up and saw his brother's 

head. He went and reported to the people of his house. The groups (the two clans) lived 

on opposite sides of the stream and they could walk across at low tide. 

The two groups had a blood feud. After the fighting was over both sides went out into the 

channel. They wept because they were going to separate. One group pointed with their 

paddles to the south. They went that way and gave rise to the Tantakwan. The other 

group pointed to the north and went that way. They became the Daklawedih of Angoon 

and Klukwan. 

Kayaashkidtaan & Xook'eidi 

Very little information exists on either of these two groups. The Kayaashkiditaan (or Xakweidi) 

is considered an endemic group to Wrangell and their name means "People of House with High 

Foundations" and alternatively "People ofXaak [?]-Snake Creek near Wrangell" (Goldschmidt 

eta!. 1998a). A stream across from Harding Creek is said to have belonged to them as well as 

parts of Anan Creek, jointly with the Kiks.adi. 

The Xook'edi or "People ofXook" (a bay near Wrangell) along with the Kaach.adi and the 

Tceyhittaan claimed ownership of parts ofEtolin Island (Paige eta\. 2009) and apparently 

portions of North Arm Creek according to Thomas Ukas: 

"There were also smoke houses on the North Arm which belonged to my grandfather, 

who is a member of the Exxo'edi clan. They gathered berries, smoked fish, and hunted in 

that area" (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a). 

20 
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Willis Hoagland adds that: 

"There was a big fish camp at Aaron Creek, and a smokehouse quite a way up the creek. 

It is now tom down. A native man names Aaron was chief of the Xook.eidi. Later on, 

Aaron homesteaded this place. 

There were camps at Frost Bay and the cannery a few miles north of Frosty Bay. Stikine 

Joseph had a camp at Frost Bay until he died a few years ago. The cannery place was 

owned by the Xook.cidi clan and was used for trapping marten. There is still a 

smokehouse at Frosty Bay:' 

Xilkweidi 

The Xilkweidi (Foam People) are believed to have inhabited the very southern areas controlled 

by the Stikine Kwaan (near Loring) and to have moved to Wrangell in the early 20th century 

(Swanton 1908). The Xilkweidi is the only clan of the WolfPhratry in the area believed to have 

originated from a separate group (Swanton 1908), as all of the others are considered from a 

single ancestral lineage, and to have once formed an independent group on Revillagigedo Island. 

This group had also been known as the Xetlkwan (Foam People) and Xetltekwedi'h 

(Thunderbird People) (Olson 1967). They arc a subdivision of the Tekwedih clan with origins 

along the Chikamin or "Xetl" (Foam) River where a man had "dreamed of great heaps of foam 

floating down" (Olson 1967). 

This clan appears to have been a relatively recent clan to the Stikine region and little is available 

in the literature regarding their history in this area. Willis Hoagland of Wrangell tells us: 

"Duncan Canal is a hunting ground used by different people. It was owned by the 

Kassx'agweidi. Other people came here including the Xilkweidi, who came up from 

Ketchikan territory. They married into the people who owned that area. There was a 

village inside Little Duncan Bay." (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a) 

Olson describes their specific sited of ownership: 

"They owned the following places: I. Nah, the salmon stream at Loring. 2. Dijuna'x, the 

Unuk River. 3. Xetl (Foam), the stream just south of the Unuk which gives the clan its 

name. 4. Xok, the stream now called Snag River on Etolin Island. The name Xokedih 

(People ofXok) comes from this." (Olson 1967) 

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The Great Clans of the Raven Moiety 

TheKiksadi 

The Kiks.adi clan of Wrangell was among the largest and most revered clans of the Raven 

moiety at that place. Today many Kiks.adi in Wrangell call themselves "Kiksetti", a derivation 

of the original name resulting from differences in early attempts to write what was heard 

{Crippen, 2010 #84}. As mentioned above in Olson's description, their name means literally 

"people of Kiks" which likely refers to an island in the vicinity of Helm's Bay to the south near 

Ketchikan. Swanton ( 1908) goes into further detail, reaffirming this place of origin: 

"The presence of a KiksA'di house group at Sanya has been noted, and although 

composed perhaps of comparatively new settlers at that place, it is said that the family 

had received its name, People ofK.iks, from an island in the vicinity. At any rate it was 

certainly one of the great clans that moved up from the south, and besides having a Sanya 

branch forms the foremost Raven groups at Wrangell and Sitka. They were the first to 

settle in the latter place. Their antiquity is perhaps indicated by the fact that two of the 

principal mythological heroes of the Tlingit bear KiksA'di names. It is said that the wives 

of some KiksA'di people once quarreled, and all of one side moved out into a house made 

of bark, from which circumstance they came to be called Bark-house people (Ti hit tan). 

At Wrangell the Bark-house people are credited with but one house group, but the 

Te'neidi ofKlawak constitute part of the same clan, their name being merely a variation 

of Ti hit tan" (Swanton 1908) 

In contrast, Olson (1967) also suggests that the Kiks.adi of Wrangell may have traditionally 

come from the area of a small stream called "Kiks" on the mainland along the Cleveland 

Peninsula. While some maintain that the Wrangell Kiks.adi are the ancestral group from which 

the Sitka Kiks.adi were derived, other accounts suggest that it was during the same voyage north 

that many stopped off permanently in Wrangell (Olson 1967). Despite these discrepancies the 

Kiks.adi's eventual importance and influence at Wrangell and Sitka is unquestioned. 

Another account by Olson (1967) tells of two separate Kiks.adi lineages in the Stikine region: 

''The Stikinekwan say that at Wrangell there are two Kiksadi clan lineages. The one line 

comes from Sitka. The other is descended from a slave girl who was part Tsimshian. 

This girl was owned by a chief who had a stupid wife who did not know how to manage 

her household. There came a time of near famine and the slave girl fed the household 

from food she had prepared and stored. One day some visitors came from Klukwan. The 

chief was embarrassed, thinking he could not invite them in because he had no food. But 

the slave girl whispered to him that she had food enough. The visitors were invited in 

and she served them. The chief sent the visitors away that same night, pleading a press 

of affairs. 

The next morning he called his other slaves and ordered them to bathe the girl, thus 

"washing her slavery away." He also gave away and destroyed property. He ordered that 

henceforth no one was to call her a slave, and that he was taking her for a wife. 

22 
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However, the first lineage (from Sitka) regards this second lineage as somewhat 

besmirched. They claim the second has the brown instead of the black bear as a crest, 

and that they are somewhat "crazy" or foolish. "(Olson 1967) 

In their ancestral homeland among the Sanyakwan the Kiks.adi owned: (1) Boca de Quadra and 

its arms. (2) Neets Bay (glhdu'naxdeh). (3) The area from around Cape Fox to Portland Canal, 

including Nakat, Willard, and Fillmore inlets; also Wales and Pearse islands (Olson 1967). Olson 

also describes the specific areas controlled by the Kiks.adi of the Stikine Kwaan: 

"In the Stikine area they claimed: 1. Much of the winter village at Mill Creek. 2. A 

berrying ground on the right bank of the Stikine below the international boundary. 3. A 

place on the right bank above Telegraph Creek." (Olson 1967) 

In a 1946 testimony for Goldschmidt and Haas (1998), Thomas Ukas described the area of Mill 

creek in the 1880s: 

"Mill Creek is the place where the first village of the Stikine people was located. Before 

that time they were scattered in small villages all over, and this was the first winter 

village for the Kiks.adi and the Kaach.adi. There were still remains of houses in my time. 

They are building a sawmill there now, and it is ruining the sockeyes. We can no longer 

fish there. 

I have seen many times- the last was 3 years ago- rocks piled up at the mouth of Mill 

Creek ... My father told me that these rocks were traps for fish, used by the Stikine 

Indians in early days." (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a). 

The Katete River's confluence with the Stikine, just on the Canadian side of the border, was the 

site of a summer village owned by the Kiks.adi where clan members went to "hunt for bear, 

beaver, goat, and porcupine" and to fish for "cohos, dog salmon, humpies, and king salmon" as 

well as to collect berries (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a). Another village owned by the Kiks.adi 

between Tahltan and Telegraph in Canada was called Tinah Goon (Paige et al. 2009). Willis 

Hoagland, a Kiks.adi born in Wrangell in 1876, told about this place "Our people lived ... in the 

summer, and came down about October. We dried goat meat, beaver, porcupine, cohos, 

sockeyes, humpies, and dog salmon there ... There were many houses there" (Goldschmidt et al. 

1998a). 

Paige et al (2009) adds to the Kiks.adi claims confirming that the clan owned "Wrangell Island 

itself as well as the southend ofEtolin Island" (Paige et al. 2009). The ownership ofWrangell 

proper included that ofThom's place, an important fishing area and the site of a modem 

community. Additional information on this site from Paige et al (2009) includes: 

"Thoms Lake and Thoms Creek, which flows into the bay known as Thoms Place, 

belonged to the Kiks.adi people. There are no reported archaeological investigations in 

the area. It was readily accessible to the people living at the old village site, also known 

as Old Town, and marked as "deserted village" on maps. Those living at camps along 

23 
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Zimovia Strait from Tum Island to lands south of Old Town could also easily access 

Thoms Lake. After the arrival of the Americans, and people moved from Old Town into 

Wrangell, they still returned to Old Town on a seasonal basis to keep gardens and to dry 

and smoke the salmon they harvested in Thoms Place. Other nearby harvesting sites were 

Olive Cove (south of Anita Bay on Etolin Island) and Whaletail Cove. In 1897, Thomas 

Moser estimated the Thoms Creek Sockeye Salmon run at 15,000 to 20,000 salmon, 

which supplied the Point Highfield cannery located at present day Wrangell. According 

to testimony given to Goldschmidt and Haas in 1946 (1998:75, 157), Wrangell people 

fished and precessed salmon at Thoms Place and other nearby locations along Zimovia 

Strait: 

'There is a sockeye stream on Thoms Creek. In my time, there was a big smoke 

house there, with 5 different families. It was owned by the Kiks.adi people. 

The whole Wrangell people used the south end of Wrangell Island ... There was a 

camp at Pat Creek, and just below it, another one on a sand beach. These places 

were used for drying fish ... There were camps at Tum Island and on Wrangell 

Island, from there on down to Old Town ... There used to be a smoke house at 

Tommy's place that belonged to the Kiks.adi people. ' "(Paige et al. 2009) 

The frog is claimed as the crest of the Kiks.adi who claimed it from the fact that persons of their 

elan had special dealings with these animals although the stories differ between the group in 

Wrangell and in Sitka (Swanton 1908). The Ganax'adi ofTongas tell the same story as the 

Wrangell Kiks.adi about the marriage of a woman of their clan to a frog and may also claim this 

animal crest (Swanton 1908). Swanton (I 908) tells us that "in recent years the Qa'tcadi at 

Wrangell and the Lluklnaxadi at Sitka have tried to adopt the frog, but in the latter case their 

attempt to put up the frog carving precipitated a riot." 

T eeyhittaan 

There is little in the written literature for the Tceyhittaan (Yellow Cedar Bark People) except for 

notes on territorial claims within the Stikine region. They are said to have controlled parts of 

Etolin Island, Red Bay, Salmon Bay, Whale Passage and Little Ratz Harbor on northern Prince 

of Whales Island (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a). The Salmon Bay sockeye run which they claimed, 

"was one of the most productive in the traditional territory of the Wrangell people (Paige et al. 

2009). Testimony from Charles Borch of the Wrangell Naanyaa.ayi in 1946 referenced the 

Teeyhittaan ownership several times: 

"Red Bay belongs to the Teeyhittaan. They had a camp at the mouth, on the west side. 

There are no smokehouses there now. The Teeyhittan people own all the way down as far 

as Lake Bay. At Red Bay, they could gather berries of all kinds, and get fish and meat. 

There was a special berry they called 'Yellow Clouds.' 

There was a big camp at Salmon Bay, close to the hole for salmon where the Natives had 

a fish trap. I used to fish in the mouth of Salmon Bay, and the Native people had a 

24 
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seining camp there in recent years. There was also a camp at Exchange Cove. I used to go 

there for sening. Now, all the Wrangell people go there, through it used to belong to the 

Teeyhittaan. There is also a big bay in Humpy Creek where people have a smokehouse. 

Thome Island was used for hunting. There was a camp on the south side." (Goldschmidt 

eta!. 1998a) 

Thomas Ukas, Willis Hoagland and Charles Borch comment further on Red Bay: 

"Red Bay was the territory of the Teeyhittaan clan. There was formerly a big camp or 

summer village behind Bell Island in Red Bay. There arc no smokehouses there at the 

present time. A Native named Ntkash who is now dead was the last man to live there. 

Besides its importance as a fishing place, Red Bay yielded seaweed, clams, and abundant 

berries." (Goldschmidt et al. !998a) 

Willis Hoagland continues, with corroboration by Charles Borch and James Bradley on the 

Woronofski account: 

"Zarembo Island betonged to the whole of the Wrangell people. No special clan owned that. We 

hunt meat-mostly deer-there, and also trap mink. Now Indians don't go there. The Teeyhittaan 

owned a village where they fished for dog salmon, humpies, and cohos. I think this village was 

across from Bushy Island. There is also a fort on the northwest side called Shtax' Noow. 

Woronkoofski Island was also used by the whole Wrangell people. The Teeyhittaan have a fort 

on the northwest side called Sbtax' Noow and also another one neat A neon Point . ., (Go/ds::hrridt 

eta/. 1998a) 

Testimony from Thomas Ukas adds: 

"The north coast ofEtolin Island was trapping area. Steamer Point is a hunting ground. 

There used to be smokehouses there for halibut and seaweed, and now we usc the area for 

trolling. Steamer Bay is used as an anchorage, and the people from here camp at Quiet 

Harbor. Three years ago a house burned down that belonged to a Native man. I think this 

place is owned by the Teeyhittaan. 

There was also a camp at Mosman Inlet which belonged to the Teyhittaan." (Goldschmidt 

eta!. 1998a) 

William Paul Sr. (1885 -1977) is among the best known members of this clan in Wrangell 

within recent memory. He became a lawyer and played in instrumental role in the formation of 

the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). Alyssa London addresses his 

accomplishments in a 2008 unpublished report: 

"Paul was the first Alaska Native lawyer, the first Native elected to the Alaska territorial 

legislature and a forceful advocate for Native rights. He brought cases that established 

Native voting rights and desegregated public schools. Paul's positions of leadership in the 

Alaska Native Brotherhood (ANB) and the Alaska Federation of Natives (AFN), and his 

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work on Tee-Hit-Ton Indians v. United States, 348 U.S. 272 (1955), paved the way for 

ANCSA. 

In Tee-Hit-Ton, Paul (a Teeyhittaanclan member from Wrangell) sought compensation 

for the timber and tribal lands taken by Congress to create the Tongass National Forest 

and for authorizing pulp mills and timber leases on their lands. Both the Court of Claims 

and the Supreme Court ruled against the Teehittaans The Supreme Court found that 

Congress had not extinguished the Teehittaans' aboriginal title through the actions it had 

taken. The Court's opinion left the door open to the notion that Congress could later 

recoguize the aboriginal title of the Teeyhittaans, and thus all Alaska Natives to their 

lands. This notion, paired with the provisions of the Tlingit and Haida Jurisdictional Act, 

became the basis of Native land claims cases, and ultimately, ANCSA." (London 2008) 

Kaach.adi 

Jennie Thomas, a Kaach.adi of Wrangell born at Klukwan, informed Olson (1967) that her clan 

was derived from the town ofKake on Kupreanoflsland (Olson 1967). The clan legend of their 

origin at this place as told by Olson (1967) is as follows: 

"At the time ofthe flood their ancestors climbed the mountain called Tax on Baranof 

Island. When the waters receded, they settled in Pybus Bay (Kate) on the southern end of 

Admiralty Island. There they lived a long time. Another clan called the Sakatla'di, from 

Baranof Island, joined them and eventually merged with the Katcadi. 

A chief named Adjr't, of the Nanyaayih clan of the Stikinekwan, came to Kate (Pybus 

Bay) and married a girl of the Katcadi clan. This chief owned a fishing camp up the 

Stikine at TAtcatr"n (Six Mile Creek) below Telegraph Creek. When they were there one 

summer the chief's daughter went one day with other girls to pick berries. 

But the others returned without her; she had disappeared. At this time the Stikine did not 

know that the Tahltan (Gunana) had a village at Tahltan. The Tahltan had captured her. 

The girl's people searched for her, but in vain. 

One day Chief Adjit scolded one of his slaves (named Dzus) and the latter took his bow 

and arrows and ran away. He traveled up-river and finally came to the edge of a canyon 

and saw a village below. He went down to the village and was made welcome. But he 

was wearing stinking clothes of sealskin. The people bathed him and gave him new 

clothes. At the village the chiefs daughter recognized him. She told her captors, "That is 

my father's servant." (She used the word kokena, servant, not the word for slave, gux.) 

The slave had his bow and arrows and the Gunana marveled at them, for at that time they 

had none. They wanted his and gave him furs piled as high as the bow in exchange. Then 

they sent him home. His master freed him [because of the furs he brought?]. The Gunana 

composed a song about the slave which ran, "What is that which smells so strong?" 

(referring to his filthy costume). This is sung by the Wolf clans of the Stikinekwan. 

26 
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The girl remained with the Tahltan and became the ancestress of the Katcadi clan among 

them. This is how it is that Katcadi are found at Kake, Wrangell, and among the Tahltan. 

But when the Kiksadi tell this story they say, "It was a Kiksadi named Djus who 

discovered the Tahltan Gunana." But they do not mention that Djus was a slave." (Olson 

1967) 

Regarding claimed territories in the region of the Shtax'heen Kwaan, Thomas Ukas in 1946 

notes: 

"The Andrew Cree, which flows into the Stikine River, belonged to the Kaach.adi people. 

Here, they dried fish and hunted bear in the fall. They also gathered highbush cranberries. 

An old Kaach.adi man named Kahsheets stayed at Totem Bay. He had a camp on a big 

creek. Not, there is a fox farm there." (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a) 

William Paul Senior also commented: 

"Back of Wrangell, the Katc-uddy [Kaach.adi] owned the Crittendon Creek country and 

not the area you have marked as theirs. That area, no known as Mill Creek, was the 

townsite of the Kiks.uddy [Kiks.adi] and the Ti-hit-tan [Teeyhittaan]." (Goldschmidt et 

al. 1998a) 

Willis Hoagland, also an informant for Goldschmidt and Haas (1998) offered: 

"Shake's Place, on the Stikine River, was owned by the Naanyaa.aayi. Here they dried 

sockeye and gathered nagoonberries. From this place up the Stikine River was controlled 

by the Kaach.adi, all the way up to Tahltan. They used this area for hunting and fishing, 

and also for trading with the Interior Indians. The line between the Tlingit and the Interior 

people was further up the river than the present Canadian border. 

Mill Creek is the place where the first village of the Stikine people was located. Before 

that time they were scattered in small villages all over, and this was the first winter 

village for the Kiks.adi and the Kaach.adi. There were still houses there in my time. 

At Anan Creek, there was a big village which was owned by the Kaach.adi and Kiks.adi. 

Santa Anna Inlet is owned by the Kaach.adi. It is a big coho stream, but there arc also 

sockeye and humpies. There has been a cannery in there for a while. It used the same site 

as the Native village on account of the water. Now wer troll there. I was there in the 

spring of 1945. 

There was a smokehouse at Cooney Cove [Etolin Island] which belonged to the 

Kaach.adi people, but there Is nothing there now, because the cannery people have 

claimed this area. We use to go there to hunt seal, and up the inlets for salmon. 

27 
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There was a camp at Lake Bay, where the cannery is now. It was claimed by two clans -

Kiks.adi and Kaach.adi. Up the lakes, there were beaver hunting grounds, and people got 

salmon and cohos there." (Goldschmidt et aL 1998a) 

Kaasx'agweidi & Taalkweidi 

The Kaasx'agweidi (People of the Camp called Kaasx') and Taalkweidi (People of the Taalku 

[Thomas Bay]) may have unique histories among the Shtax'heen clans in that they may be Haida 

in origin (Swanton 1908). According to the chief of the Kaasx'agweidi at the time of Swanton's 

visit, his clan was originally Haida from the Sta'stas clan of the Masset (Swanton 1908). 

Swanton continues this story: 

"More immediately they are said to have come from the Wut-ca'nina, a clan at Kassan 

[Prince of Whales Island], which is perhaps identical with the Ya'das, a Sta'stas branch 

living at that place. It is not a little curious that a Raven group among the Tlingit should 

have come from an Eagle group among the Haida. On their way to Wrangell these people 

stopped for a long time at a place called Kasqe'k, from which they received their present 

name." (Swanton 1908) 

Additional commentary by Swanton (1908) includes: 

"At WrangelL .. we find the Raven Kasq.ague'di and Talqoe'di considered as parts of 

Edensaw's family at Massett, which is Eagle. Transposition ofphratries is indicated also 

by the crests and names, for the killer whale, grizzly bear, wolf, and halibut arc on the 

Wold side among the Tlingit and on the Raven side among the Haida, while the raven, 

frog, hawk, and black whale are on the Raven side among the Tlingit and the Eagle side 

among the Haida." 

Again in 1967 Olson elaborates on the origins of the Kaasx'agweidi: 

"The Kaskwakwedi'h clan of Wrangell came originally from the Queen Charlotte Islands 

where they called themselves the Wtihtc'nn1na'h.48 They moved from there, one group 

settling at Kasaan [Haida], the other moving to the Tlingit village ofTcukwa'san at Mill 

Creek. At this village were the Nanyaayih, Siknahaddih, Tihittan, Kiksadi, and Katcadih. 

These refused to admit the newcomers, saying they smelled too strongly of salmon eggs. 

So they went on and settled at Kask!le'k (in Brown's Cove, near Dry Island). They later 

moved to Anstagaku across the channel from Petersburg. After the coming of the whites 

they moved to WrangelL 

The ancestors of the Kaiyac krttitan clan once lived at Port Snettisham above Sumdum 

Bay where they had a village called Srtko'h (glacier place). At that time the clan was 

called Sitkwcdih (glacier people). The clan divided. Some moved to Kake where they are 

still called the Sitkwedih. Another group moved to the Stikine area where they took the 

new name. 

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The Sitkwedih may be one of the really ancient names and ancient clans, for at Wrangell 

the entire assemblage of Wolf moiety clans may be addressed as Sitkwedih. "Even the 

Namyaahih sometimes called themselves Sitkwedih or Siknaha'ddi. "" (Olson 1967) 

Katishan, chief of the Kaasx'agweidi, was head of his clan at the beginning of the 20'h century 

and was Swanton's host at Wrangell in 1904 (Bringhurst 2000). He was the son of a woman 

named Leek who was also a storyteller and by some accounts more capable in this capacity than 

her son (Bringhurst 2000) though Swanton transcribed only the words of the latter. 

Along with the Kaach.adi, the Kaasx'agweidi and the Taalkweidi are said to have claimed 

''portions of eastern Kupreanof Island, and the Taalkweidi claimed Mitkof Island and the 

mainland area as far north as Farragut Bay on the mainland" (Goldschmidt et al. 1998a, Paige et 

al. 2009). Duncan Canal was a hunting ground owned by the Kaasx'agweidi (Goldschmidt et al. 

1998a). 

An unnamed witness from Kake once told Willis Hoagland that: 

"there was a village at Wood Point on the south shore of Thomas Bay which belonged to 

the Taalkweidi clan. He states, however, that this area is no longer used and the remains 

of the village have disappeared. He also states that there was at one time a house on 

Muddy River which was a good salmon stream." (Goldschmidt eta!. 1998a) 

Willis Hoagland then describes other lands claimed by the Taalkweidi: 

"LeConte Bay likewise belonged to the Taalkweidi. Camp Island was the site of the 

camping place. There area was used chiefly for hunting seal and the cliff area along the 

coast north of LeConte Bay was important hunting territory. 

On the south shore of Frederick Sound the Wrangell people went as far as Portage Bay 

which was 'half Kake and half Wrangell People.' Across from Petersburg there was a 

salmon creek which belonged to the Taalkweidi. There is now a mink ranch at this 

location. The Taalkweidi people use the Wrangell Narrows area for trapping mink and 

hunting bear. They generally reach this area by going overland from Blind Slough." 

(Goldschmidt et al. 1998a) 

Olson (1967) offers additional information on Taalkweidi origin and their inhabitance in the 

northern reaches of Stikinc Kwaan territory: 

"The Tlokwaxa'di of the town ofYandestakyah came first from Tlokwah in the bay 

across Wrangell Narrows from Petersburg. The name means "quickly cooked people" or 

"quick (cook) people." They are also called Tatlkwedi'h from Tatlkiuh (Tat! Bay) across 

the narrows from Petersburg. When they moved to Yandestakyah they built a house 

which was barely finished when an eagle flew over, making the sound gih gih. From this 

the town was sometimes called Gisana'n (eagle's cry town). The mountain back of the 

town was called Gisa'n. 

29 
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According to another informant, the clan moved from Tlokwah to Kuye'k, a town or 

place in Icy Strait." (Olson 1967) 

The Lukaax'adi people of the Tlingit are said to be a branch of the Taalkweidi that broke from 

the main group while still part of the Shtax'heen Kwaan. Dauenhauer and Dauenhauer explain 

this: 

"The Lukaax.adi people trace their origins to Duncan Canal near Petersburg, a long inlet 

on the southern end of Kupreanofisland, roughly parallel to the Wrangell Narrows to the 

east. The name Lukaax' adi means 'people of Lukaaz.' Lukaax is the name of a point or 

peninsula on the Duncan Canal. The original name of the clan was Taalkweidi, people of 

Taalku. Taalku is the Tlingit name for Thomas Bay, north of Petersburg off of Frederick 

Sound, where the people originally settled after migrating from the mouth of the Stikine 

River. Visible from Petersburg, of the mountains among the glaciers above Thomas Bay 

is called Devil's Thumb in English, Taalku Naxk'u Shaa in Tlingit, and is an at.oow of 

the Lukaax.adi. Following a dispute, (according to clan tradition, over the infidelity of a 

woman), the main branch of the group separated, migrating north to the areas around 

Chilkat and Yakutat." (Dauenhauer and Dauenhauer 1994) 

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CHAPTER 4: Selected Ethnc:vaphic Aa:oonts Referencing Wrangell and the Stikine 

This chapter is a compilation of early ethnographic accounts of the Tlingit as seen or recorded 

post-European contact. They are quotes, word for word, with only minor aesthetic changes and 

placed within thematic genres. Please refer to the original papers for the complete text. It is with 

appreciation for the authors and appropriate citations that these are included. 

John Muir's Evolving Attitudes t0111ard Native American Cultures(Fieck 1978) 

"Muir met Samuel H. Young, a missionary at Fort Wrangell, and the two became 

travelling companions throughout the panhandle where Muir would study glaciers and 

Young would preach. Muir's preaching universal religion to the Indians and his constant 

search for new glaciers earned him the title of Glate Ankow (Ice Chief) according to 

Young. 

Dancing 

While still at Wrangell Island, Muir was invited to a dance in which "excellent imitations 

were given of the gait, gestures, and behavior of several animals under different 

circumstances-walking, hunting, capturing, and devouring their prey, etc." The animal 

movements "were so accurately imitated that they seemed the real thing." Even though 

Muir thought it was altogether a wonderful show, he still remained somewhat aloof from 

these picturesque Indians. But when Muir sailed south to explore the ruins of a Stickeen 

village at the opposite end of Wrangell Island, he responded quite positively to these 

architectural remains, remembering that the Digger Indians left no trace of their 

civilization: 

Architecture 

"The magnitude of the ruins and excellence of the workmanship manifest in them was 

astonishing as belonging to Indians. For example, the first dwelling we visited was about 

forty feet square, with walls built of planks two feet wide and six inches thick. The ridge 

pole of yellow cypress was two feet in diameter, forty feet long, and as round and true as 

if it had been turned in a lathe; and though laying in the damp weeds it was perfectly 

sound ... Each of the wall planks had evidently been hewn out of a whole log, and must 

have required sturdy deliberation as well as skill. Their geometrical truthfullness was 

admirable. With the same tools not one in a thousand of our skilled mechanics could do 

as good work. Compared with it the bravest work of civilized backwoodsman is feeble 

and bungling. The completeness of form, finish, and proportion of these timbers 

suggested skill of a wild and positive kind, like that which guides the woodpecker in 

drilling round holes, and the bee in making its cells." 

Muir was quite taken in by Stickeen totem poles, so much so that he sketched them in his 

Journal and described them with enthusiasm. "Some of the most imposing were said to 

commemorate some event of an historical character. But a telling display of family pride 

seemed to have been the prevailing motive. All the figures were more or less rude, and 

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some were broadly grotesque, but there was never any feebleness of obscurity in the 

expression. On the contrary every feature showed grave force and decision; while the 

childish audacity displayed in the designs, combines with manly strength in their 

execution, was truly wonderful. 

Conversationswith Kadashan 

His first Indian travelling companion and guide, Kadachan, was a happy and merry 

fellow who liked to tell stories and tales of his people and who could laugh at himselffor 

failing to retrieve ducks he had shot. Kadachan's mother, on the other hand, had a woeful 

and sorrowful face like those of the Kawkuitl Indians described in Margaret Craven's 

moving book, I Heard the Owl Call My Name. Seeing Indian joy and sorrow helped Muir 

culturally adjust to Thlinkits much like Margaret Craven's protagonist, Mark Brian. Muir 

began to laugh with Kadachan and listen with care to his fascinating theories and stories 

about animal life. 

When our talk was interrupted by the howling of a wolf on the opposite side of the strait, 

Kadachan puzzled the minister with the question, 'Have wolves souls?' The Indians 

believe that they have; giving as foundation for their belief that they are wise creatures 

who know how to catch seals and salmon by swimming slyly upon them with their heads 

hidden in a mouthful of grass, hunt deer in company, and always bring forth their young 

at the same and most favorable time of the year. I inquired how it was that with enemies 

so wise and powerful the deer were not all killed. Kadachan replied that wolves knew 

better than to kill them all and thus cut off their most important food-supply." Here is 

strong evidence for the Thlinkit's ecological understanding of his environment acquired 

through observation and not books. 

As Muir writes, "The Thlinkit tribes give a hearty welcome to Christian missionaries. In 

particular they are quick to accept the doctrine of the atonement, because they themselves practice it, although to many of the civilized whites it is a stumbling block and 

rock of offense." He proceeds to supply the illustration of a Stickeen chief who offered 

himself as a sacrifice to end all fighting between two warring tribes. 

On Muir's second trip to Alaska in 1880 he did not fail to give a sharp reprimand to an 

Indian travelling companion who wantonly killed a seagull: "I asked him why he had 

killed the bird, and followed the question by a severe reprimand for his stupid cruelty, to 

which he could offer no other excuse than that he had learned from the whites to be 

careless about taking life." 

On the way to Glacier Bay, a bad storm frightened Muir's Indian friends, Kadachan and 

Toyattc. To illustrate how much Muir had become part of Indian culture, I quote the 

following passage describing his words of cheer and their effect: "They seemed to be 

losing heart with every howl of the wind, and, fearing that they might fail me now that I 

was in the midst of so grand a congregation of glaciers, I made haste to reassure them, 

telling them that for ten years I had wandered alone among mountains and storms, and 

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good luck always followed me; that with me, therefore, they need fear nothing. The storm 

would soon cease and the sun would shine to show us the way we should go, for God 

cares for us and guides us as long as we are trustful and brave, therefore all childish fear 

must be put away. This little speech did good. Kadachan, with some show of enthusiasm, 

said he liked to travel with good-luck people; and dignified old Toyattc declared that now 

his heart was strong again, and he would venture on with me as far as I liked for my 

'wawa' was 'delait' (my talk was very good). The old warrior even became a little 

sentimental, and said that even if the canoe was broken he would not greatly care, 

because on the way to the other world he would have good companions."" 

Akaska: itssoothern c::oost and the Sitkan archipelago. (Scidmore 1885) 

Wrangell Histay 

It was founded in 1834 by order of Baron Wrangell, then Governor of Russian America 

and chief director of the fur company, who sent the Captain-Lieut. Dionysius 

Feodorovich Zarembo down from Sitka to erect a stockade post on the small tongue of 

land now occupied by the homes, graves, and totem poles of the Indian village. It was 

known at first as the trading post of St. Dionysius, and, later, it assumed the name of 

Wrangell, the prefix of Fort being added during the time that the United States garrisoned 

it with two companies of the 21st Infantry. The Government began building a new 

stockade fort there immediately after the transfer of the territory in 1867, and troops 

occupied it until 1870, when they were withdrawn, the post abandoned, and the property 

sold for $500. The discovery of the Cassiar gold mines on the head waters of the Stikine 

River in 1874 sent a tide of wild life into the deserted street of Fort Wrangell, and the 

military were ordered back in 1875 and remained until1877, when General Howard drew 

off his forces, and the government finally recalled the troops from all the posts in Alaska. 

During the second occupation of the barracks and quarters at Fort Wrangell, the War 

Department helped itself to the property, and, assigning a nominal sum for rent, held the 

fort against the protest of the owner. 

Art 

The best silver bracelets at Fort Wrangell are made by a lame Indian, who as the chief 

artificer and silversmith of the tribe has quite a local reputation. His bracelets are 

beautifully chased and decorated, but unfortunately for the integrity of Stikine art 

traditions, he has given up carving the emblematic beasts of native heraldry on heavy 

barbaric wristlets, and now only makes the most slender bangles, adapted from the 

models in an illustrated jeweler's catalogue that some Philistine has sent him. Worse yet, 

he copies the civilized spread eagle from the half-dollar, and, one can only shake his head 

sadly to see Stikine art so corrupted and debased. For all this, the lame man cannot make 

bracelets fast enough to supply the market, and at three dollars a pair for the narrower 

ones he pockets great profits during the steamer days. 

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Houses& T a:ems 

The houses of the Indian village string along the beach in a disconnected way, all of them 

low and square, built of rough hewn cedar and pine planks, and roofed over with large 

planks resting on heavy log beams. One door gives entrance to an interior, often twenty 

and forty feet square, and several families live in one of these houses, sharing the same 

fireplace in the centre, and keeping peacefully to their own sides and comers of the 

common habitation. Heraldic devices in outline sometimes ornament the gable front of 

the house, but no paint is wasted on the interior, where smoke darkens everything, the 

drying salmon drip grease from the frames overhead, and dogs and children tumble 

carelessly around the fire and over the pots and saucepans. The entrances have sometimes 

civilized doors on hinges, but the aborigine fashion is a portihe of sealskin or walrus hide, 

or of woven grass mats. When one of the occupants of a house dies he is never taken out 

by the door where the others enter, but a plank is tom off at the back or side, or the body 

is hoisted out through the smoke hole in the roof, to keep the spirits away. 

Many of the houses have tall cedar posts and poles, carved with faces of men and beasts, 

representing events in their genealogy and mythology. These tall totems are the shrines 

and show places of Fort Wrangell, and on seeing them all the ship's company made the 

hopeless plunge into Thlinket mythology and there floundered aimlessly until the end of 

the trip. There is nothing more flexible or susceptible of interpretations than Indian 

traditions, and the Siwash himself enjoys nothing so much as misleading and fooling the 

curious white man in these matters. The truth about these totems and their carvings never 

will be quite known until their innate humor is civilized out of the natives, but meanwhile 

the white man vexes himself with ethnological theories and suppositions. These totems 

are for the most part picture writings that tell a plain story to every Siwash, and record the 

great events in the history of the man who erects them. They arc only erected by the 

wealthy and powerful members of the tribe, and the cost of carving a cedar log fifty feet 

long, and the attendant feasts and ceremonies of the raising, bring their value, according 

to Indian estimates, up to one thousand and two thousand dollars. The subdivisions of 

each tribe into distinct families that take for their crest the crow, the bear, the eagle, the 

whale, the wolf, and the fox, give to each of these sculptured devices its great meaning. 

The totems show by their successive carvings the descent and alliances of the great 

families, and the great facts and incidents of their history. The representations of these 

heraldic beasts and birds arc conventionalized after certain fixed rules of their art, and the 

grotesque heads of men and animals arc highly colored according to other set laws and 

limitations. Descent is counted on the female side, and the first emblem at the top of the 

totem is that of the builder, and next that of the great family from which he is descended 

through his mother. 

In some cases two totem poles are erected before a house, one to show the descent on the 

female side, and one to give the generations of the male side, and a pair of these poles 

was explained for us by one of the residents of Fort Wrangell, who has given some study 

to these matters. The genealogical column of the mother's side has at the top the eagle, 

the great totem or crest of the family to which she belonged. Below the eagle is the image 

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of a child, and below that the beaver, the frog, the eagle, the frog, and the frog for a third 

time, show the generations and the subfamilies of the female side. By some interpreters 

the frog is believed to indicate a pestilence or some great disaster, but others maintain 

that it is the recognized crest of one of the sub-families. The male totem pole has at the 

top the image of the chief, wearing his conical hat, below that his great totem, the crow. 

Succeeding the crow is the image of a child, then three frogs, and at the base of the 

colunm the eagle, the great totem of the builder's mother. 

Graves 

Over the graves of the dead, which are square log boxes or houses, they put full-length 

representations of the dead man's totemic beast, or smooth poles finished at the top with 

the family crest. One old chiefs tomb at Fort Wrangell has a very realistic whale on its 

moss-grown roof, another a bear, and another an otter. The Indians cremated their dead 

until the arrival of the missionaries, who have steadily opposed the practice. The Indian's 

idea of a hell of ice made him reason that he who was buried in the earth or the sea would 

be cold forever after, while he whose ashes were burned would be warm and comfortable 

throughout eternity. 

Annual Cycle 

In the summer season Fort Wrangell is a peaceful, quiet place; the climate is a soothing 

one, and Prof. Muir extolled the "poultice-like atmosphere "which so calms the senses. 

The Indians begin to scatter on their annual fishing trips in June, and come back with 

their winter supplies of salmon in the early fall. Many of the houses were locked or 

boarded up, while the owners had gone away to spend the summer at some other 

watering-place. 

Christianity & Western lndoctrinatim 

Clah, a Christianized Indian from Fort Simpson, B. C, was the first to attempt mission 

work among the Indians at Fort Wrangell. In 1877 Mrs. McFarland was sent out by the 

Presbyterian Board of Missions, after years of mission work in Colorado and the west, 

and, taking Clah on her staff, she labored untiringly to establish the school and open the 

home for Indian girls. Others have joined her in the work at Fort Wrangell, and everyone 

on the coast testifies to good results already attained by her labors and example. She is 

known and reverenced among all the tribes, and the Indians trust in her implicitly, and go 

to her for advice and aid in every emergency. With the establishment of the new 

industrial mission-school at Sitka, Mrs. McFarland will be transferred to the girls' 

department of that institution. The Rev. Hall Young and his wife have devoted 

themselves to the good cause at Fort Wrangell, and will continue there in charge of the 

church and school. The Presbyterian missions have the strongest hold on the coast, and 

the Catholics, who built a church at Fort Wrangell, have given up the mission there, and 

the priest from Nanaimo makes only occasional visits to his dusky parishioners. 

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Superstition & John Muir's Involvement 

When Professor Muir was at Fort Wrangell one autumn, he climbed to the summit ofthis 

first mountain on a stormy night to listen to the fierce music of the winds in the forest. 

Just over the ridge he found a little hollow, and gathering a few twigs and branches he 

started a fire that he gradually increased to quite a blaze. The wind howled and roared 

through the forest, and the scientist enjoyed himself to the utmost; but down in the village 

the Indians were terrified at the glow that illuminated the sky and the tree-tops. No one 

could explain the phenomenon, as they could not guess that it was Professor Muir 

warming himself during his nocturnal ramble in the forest, and it was with difficulty that 

the minister and the teachers at the mission could calm the frightened Indians. On a 

second visit to Fort Wrangell on the Idaho, there was the same warm, lazy sunshine and 

soft still air, and as connoisseurs we could the better appreciate the fine carvings and 

ornamental work of these aesthetic people, who decorate every household utensil with 

their symbols of the beautiful. 

Boat Races 

A boat-race of another kind rounded off the day of my third and last visit to Fort 

Wrangell, and the Indians who had been waiting for a week made ready for a regatta 

when the Ancon was sighted. It took several whistles from our impatient captain to get 

the long war-canoes manned and at the stake-boat ; and, in this particular, boat-races have 

some points in common the world round. Kadashaks, one of the Stikine chiefs, 

commanded one long canoe in which sixteen Indians sat on each side, and another chief 

rallied thirty-two followers for his war-canoe. It was a picturesque sight when the 

boatmen were all squatted in the long dug-outs, wearing white shirts, and colored 

handkerchiefs tied around their brows. While they waited, each canoe and its crew was 

reflected in the still waters that lay without a ripple around the starting-point near shore. 

When the cannon on the ship's deck gave the signal, the canoes shot forward like arrows, 

the broad paddles sending the water in great waves back of them, and dashing the spray 

high on either side. Kadashaks [Kadishan] and the other chief sat in the stems to steer, 

and encouraged and urged on their crews with hoarse grunts and words of command, and 

the Indians, paddling as if for life, kept time in their strokes to a savage chant that rose to 

yells and war whoops when the two canoes fouled just off the stake-boat. It was a most 

exciting boat-race, and bets and enthusiasm ran high on the steamer's deck during its 

progress. The money that had been subscribed by the traders in the town was divided 

between the two crews, and at night there was a grand potlatch or feast, in honor of the 

regatta. 

Vancouver failed to discover the Stikine on his cruise up the continental shore and, 

deceived by the shoal waters, passed by the mouth. It then remained for the American 

Captain Cleveland, to visit the delta and learn of the great river from the natives in 1799. 

The scenery of the Stikine River is the most wonderful in this region, and Prof. John 

Muir, the great geologist of the Pacific coast, epitomized the valley of the Stikine as "a 

Yosemite one hundred miles long."" 

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Social conditicn, beliefsand linguistic relaticn9lip d the Tlingit I ndians(Sivantcn1908) 

Potlatchs & Perfarnances 

"Masks were used in the shows (yikteyi') which each clan gave at a potlatch, but they 

were not valued as highly as the crest hats and canes. The KiksA'di at Wrangell would 

show masks of the sun, of various birds, such as the eagle, hawk (kidju'k), and nicker 

(kfin), and of animals, such as the bear, wolf, and killer whale. 

Secret society dances were imported from the south, as the name JuqAna', evidently from 

Kwakiutl Lii'koala, testifies, but their observance had by no means reached the 

importance attained among the Kwakiutl and Tsimshian. At Sitka the writer heard of but 

one man who had become a JuqAna', a KiksA'di named MaawA'n. He said that the 

JuqAna' were spirits who came from the body of the luqAna' wife of the Sun's son, a 

cannibal woman referred to in one of the chiefTlingit stories, who was broken to pieces 

and thrown down by her husband. When they came upon him, they would fly along 

through the air with him. They forced him to eat dogs and do various other things, and 

they made him cry "Hai, hai, hai, hai' Once, as they were flying along, they left himsuddenly, and he dropped upon the side of a cliff where he hung on the point of a rock by 

his check. At the time of his possession people ran around with him with rattles and sang 

certain songs to keep him from going away, and they also sat on the tops of the houses 

singing. All this was to restore him to his right mind. 

At Wrangell the luqAna' performances seem to have been better known and to have 

existed in greater variety. A man could imitate any animal except a crest of some other 

family. As was the case farther south, whistles (luqAna' doA't-ci) were essential 

concomitants of the secret society dances. 

Many of the potlatch songs were naturally in memory of the dead and according to 

Katishan the most valued of these were composed at the time of the flood and record the 

sad events that happened then, such as the finding of bodies when the waters went down 

and the parting of the clans on that occasion. These were very solemn songs and the 

people thought that they received strength through them. They were never sung on 

ordinary occasions. 

According to Katishan, the spirits that came to Raven shamans had to be distinct from 

those that carne to Wolf shamans, and it is probable that this held good everywhere. The 

prominence of sea spirits, such as killer whales, among the helpers of shamans is 

noticeably less than among the Haida. The sun spirit belonged to the KiksA'di, while the 

sea spirits came partly to Raven, partly to Wolf shamans. Spirits of the crest animals 

appear usually to have come to shamans of the families to which the emblems belonged." 

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Crime and Punishment in Tlingit Society (Oberg 1934) 

Marriage 

"When the white people came with their law, the Indians soon realized that it permitted 

marriage between people who were not blood relatives, and they were quick to take 

advantage of this when it suited their purpose. The Indians claimed that this was one of 

their first social customs to give way before the whites and many of the young people 

rejoiced at the new freedom. Wben an illegal marriage occurred the couple went to the 

white settlement for protection. A peculiar case of this nature occurred immediately after 

American occupation, when a famous chief of the Daklawcdi clan ofKake left his wife 

and took a woman of his own phratry. He was too powerful to be immediately killed, and 

had time to flee to Wrangell, where he had the protection of American law. Later his wife 

died and he married a woman of the opposite phratty. He could then have returned to 

Kake but preferred to live in Wrangell, as he feared the stigma attached to one who 

marries his own "sister." 

The man's clan was then expected to offer for slaying one of its men of rank equal to that 

of the woman. If they would not do this, a feud might arise between the two clans which 

might last for a long time and might involve other clans, as in the quarrel between the 

Sitka and Wrangell people over a woman. In case the man's clan now offered a man, 

equal in rank to the woman, the woman's clan would be satisfied and would compensate 

the man's clan with property for the killing of the first two men." 

Social structure and social life of theTiin!jt in Alaska (OISln 1967) 

Eating Contest 

Lavish display, lavish giving, and the consumption of immense amounts of food are parts 

of the potlatch complex. The host and the host group attempt to convey the impression of 

endless supplies, endless wealth. Even in everyday life a host would be greatly 

embarrassed should he not have food to offer a caller. At potlatches a guest chief might 

be given more food than he could possibly eat, or offered gallons of eulachon oil which 

he must drink, give to a nephew or other stand-in, or lose face. This enormous 

consumption of food sometimes took the form of eating contests, usually between teams 

of young men chosen from the guest clans. In part such contests were fun and horseplay, 

yet the contestants did their utmost to win. I was told the following accounts of such 

contests. 

On one occasion when Whale House at Klukwan was rebuilt the guest clans were the 

Nanyaayih of Wrangell and the Kagwantan of Sitka. A feature at one of the feasts was an 

eating contest between two teams, each consisting of an equal number of young men 

from each of the guest clans. 

Among the treasures of the Ganaxtedih were a huge basket about three feet high and 

three in diameter called kuikTkla (mother of baskets) and a hollowed-out log about 

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twenty feet long and eighteen inches in diameter, carved at the ends and along the sides 

in the form of a woodworm. (This was the worm of the legend.) The basket held five 

large boxes of food, the log dish held four boxes. The winning team was the one to finish 

eating all the food in its dish. The young men of the Wrangell team (who were eating 

from the wormwood dish) cheated by scooping dishes full offood and then in the 

excitement carrying these under the platforms where the food was poured into boxes. But 

it was all in good fun. Through this trickery the Wrangell team won. The hosts rooted for 

the Wrangell team because some of their local women had married Wrangell men. 

However, the "star" of the contest was a member of the Sitka team. He jumped into the 

basket, mashed the food with his feet and ate it in great scoops-full. (After all, we have 

pie-eating contests.) 

A M ultidan War 

Although most feuds and wars were between individual clans of opposite moieties, 

trouble sometimes spread and involved other clans, not always depending on moiety. The 

involvement of neutral or nonbelligerent clans was brought about in a manner not unlike 

the involvement of neutrals in wars in the Western world. Some of these wars might 

spread until they were hearly between tribe and tribe (or area and area). Thus one war 

was mainly between certain Sitka clans and one Wrangell Wolf clan, the Nanyaayih. 

Raven moiety Sitka clans involved were the Kiksadi, Xashittan, and Katkaayi; the Wolf 

clans of Sitka were the Gutchittan and Kukhittan. The Wuckitan (Wolf) of Sitka were not 

involved. Certain Wolf clans of Klukwan also became embroiled, because some of their 

women had married Sitka men who were casualties in the war. The following is the Sitka 

version, related by DC. 

The feud started when a man named Kagunsak of the Nanyaayih (though really of the 

Kaya ckidetan, a subdivision ofNanyaayih) stole a Sitka woman of the Kukhittan clan 

(Wolf). The abductor was overtaken near Lake Bay (on Prince of Wales Island) and 

killed. The Nanyaayih made a surprise raid on Sitka and killed rather indiscriminately. 

Thus several Sitka clans became involved. The several Wolf clans of Sitka made forays 

in reprisal. On one occasion they surprised a Wrangell Nanyaayih and his wife. They 

tried to force the husband to have intercourse with his wife in front of them. He refused 

and they killed him. 

Eventually the number killed on each side was even. Then the Sitka Wolf clans went to 

Wrangell to arrange a peace. They camped ncar the mouth of the Stikine. There they met 

a Nanyaayih and his wife and half in jest tried to force him to have intercourse with his 

wife in front of them. (For the northern Wolf clans were proud, arrogant, and warlike, 

and this was one of their ways.) Just then a number of Wrangell canoes came down the 

river. They surrounded the Sitka people and killed many. Some escaped into the woods. 

After the Wrangell warriors left, the Sitka men cut off the heads of the casualties and 

brought them to Sitka for identification. (The scalps of some of these arc still preserved 

by their families.) 

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One Sitka lad, named Yakwa'n, vowed revenge. He went through many years of 

"training" for war. Now a certain Nanyaayih was married to a Sitka girl and he brought 

her back home for a visit. He was showered with gifts by his "brothers-in-law." This was 

to allay any suspicions of ill will. When he returned to Wrangell he told his people that 

those of Sitka held no grudge. And after having given out his gifts he advised that they go 

to Sitka to make peace. Again this same man came to Sitka with his wife. This time he 

advised his brothers-in-law to get revenge. When the Wrangell people came they 

suspected trouble but dared not return lest it reflect on their honor and bravery. At the 

peace ceremony one of the Wrangell men held as hostage (kuwakan, "deer") made a 

speech saying, "Men ofTsitkwedi'h, the fish eggs here are best. Take out your arms and 

begin!" But the Wrangell people sat silent and so did the Sitka people. The latter were 

waiting for Yakwan, the trained warrior, to appear. When he came in the fight started. It 

is said all the Wrangell people present were killed but only a few of the Sitka people, for 

the latter were prepared and outnumbered their opponents. This feud was not terminated 

until the formation of the Alaska Native Brotherhood and the Sitka convention of a few 

years ago [ca. 1920?]. 

In this account the Wrangell "brother-in-law" was untrue to his clan because of love for 

his wife and children and because he knew his people were in the wrong in the matter of 

the massacre at the mouth of the Stikine. 

The War Between The Wrangell Nanyaayiah and the Sitka Kagwantan (astdd by 

CharleyJoo~ Wrangell member oftheNanyaa.aayi) 

A man of the Kaiyackittitan clan, named Kagusa'k, was married to a Tekwedih woman. 

His nephew, named Wank, was living in his house and began having an affair with 

Kagusak's wife. Finally the lovers ran away to Kake. After a time Kagusak went to Kake 

and asked if his nephew was there. Learning that he was, he sent word to Wank that he 

wished to see him. When he came in, Kagusak slashed Wank's face with a wood-carving 

knife. Wank ran out, with Kagusak shouting, "Why are you running away?"-the 

implication of cowardice. 

Wank fled to Sitka. He could not go back to Wrangell because of the disgrace of his 

uncle's having cut his face. In Sitka he became involved with the Kiksadi wife of a 

Kagwantan man. The two ran away to Red Bay. There they stayed with a Tihittan family 

who were drying fish on a little island in Upper Lake. There Wank practiced swimming 

and diving under water. This he did because, he said, "The Kagwantan will come. When 

they do I'll escape by swimming and diving." 

One day he, his brother, and his "wife" were letting their canoe through the rapids with a 

line. The Kagwantan were lying in wait. They shot, killing the brother and wounding 

Wank in the leg. Wank dove into the water, swam through the rapids, and came ashore on 

a small islet. Lying in wait there was a boy with a rifle who killed him as he came ashore. 

Now the Kagwantan had killed two. The Kaiyackittitan made a raid on Sitka, killing one 

Kagwantan. The score was now even, two men from each side having been killed. 

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The Kagwantan decided to come to Wrangell and try for peace. They came in war canoes 

and landed on the island called An, near Reindeer Island in the mouth of the Stikine. It 

was summer and the Stikine people were catching eulachon and drying salmon at 

Huknu'k Island. Several canoes went to get stones for the eulachon rendering. The 

Kagwantan surprised them and captured all but one man. He escaped and gave the alarm. 

Among those captured was Chief Yantantci't and his wife. The captors took turns 

violating the woman. Then they tried to force her husband to have intercourse with her (a 

practice not uncommon in such situations, and a specially disgraceful treatment). He 

refused. Then they asked him if he expected the Nanyaaih to attempt his rescue and he 

replied that he did. 

There was a tidal slough which enabled canoes to reach the island, even at low tide. But 

the Kagwantan were not aware of this and thought they were safe from attack during the 

period oflow water. The Wrangell canoes came in via the channel. Yantantcit's sister had 

given her young son a musket and said to him, "Get this gun to your uncle. If you fail, I'll 

cut your head off." They saw Yantantcit being held by his captors. The nephew shouted 

to him, "You'll make a fine Kagwantan slave." This infuriated him so that he broke from 

his captors, ran to his nephew and got the musket. 

The honor of firing the first shot in battle was usually the prerogative ofYantantcit, and 

one of the Wrangell warriors now shouted for all to hear, "Yantantcit has a musket. He is 

going to fire it." He did and five[!] of the Kagwantan fell. Their answering volley was 

ineffective, for the Wrangell men had taken cover. When the enemy guns were empty the 

Wrangell warriors fired another volley, wounding and killing a number. The tide was 

now coming in and both sides moved inland, fighting as they went. The Kagwantan took 

refuge in a gully. A number of their chiefs found a cave where they made a stand, using 

some of the fallen as a breastwork. They finally surrendered, having run out of 

ammunition. The captives were taken to the fishing village where they were held for a 

month. They were then given a canoe, guns, and provisions and sent back to Sitka. But 

the Kagwantan had lost very heavily [probably nearly a hundred dead]. 

Old Chief Shakes was at the Nass when this fighting took place. He had prepared for war 

by laying in a supply of guns, powder, and shot. When he returned he was told the story. 

He said, "Why did you spare any? Why didn't you kill them all? Some day they will 

return to get even." About 30 years later [probably about 1840] the Kagwantan again 

came to Wrangell to make peace. The ceremonies were held and the Sitka canoes went 

back. (The Nanyaayih now considered the affair was over, but the Kagwantan were 

plotting revenge.) 

A few years later a fleet of Wrangell canoes went to Sitka to trade. The Sitka people 

traded to the advantage of the Wrangell people-to encourage further visits. On another 

trip the Wrangell party consisted of seven canoes. The Kagwantan announced a kuwakan 

("deer," peace) dance, telling the visitors to attend unarmed. When the guests had 

assembled in the house for the ceremony the Kagwantan attacked, shooting through the 

smoke hole and cracks in the walls, while others rushed inside to kill. Only two of the 

Nanyaayih escaped. 

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Insert offset folio 939 here 98942A.841

The Nanyaayih never forgave this treachery-the attack at a peace ceremony, the killing of 

women as well as men. The Kagwantan had even thrown the bodies of the slain in the 

street and had cut open a pregnant woman in their blind fury. From this time on every 

Nanyaayih and Kaiyackittitan boy was trained to hate the Kagwantan and raised with the 

idea of revenge. But so many Kagwantan had been killed in the Stikine battle that the 

score was not even. Peace was not made until about 1920 at one of the conventions of the 

Alaska Native Brotherhood. At that peace the Kagwantan destroyed 63 tally sticks, each 

representing a Kagwantan dead man not evened by the score of killing. [My informant 

was in error. The tally sticks had not been destroyed. I was shown the tally sticks in Sitka 

in 1933. For obvious reasons I do not divulge the name of the custodian.] After the war 

described above the Wrangell people hated the name Kagwantan so widely used as a 

moiety designation in the north. They would say, "I am Nanyaayih," or "I am 

Cangnkedih," but never use the word "Kagwantan." 

A War with theTsim9lian (Told by JW and GB d theTihittan Clan d Wrangell) 

A Nanyaayih chief named Ceddisteh died. A memorial post was erected and his head 

(skull) was placed in a carved bone box at its top. The Tsimshian stole the box and threw 

the skull away. The Nanyaayih clan demanded the return of the box, but the Tsimshian 

refused. The Nanyaayih made a raid, killing a number ofTsimshian in one village. 

The Tsimshian made a return raid. They went up the Stikine, trying to find the fishing 

camp of Shakes, the first Tlingit chief who held that name. But the Nanyaayih kept 

moving upstream. At one place the Tsimshian made a pictograph of the sun on a cliff. It 

may be seen to this day. The Nanyaayih stopped at a place below Glenora, where they 

had a fish camp. They kept watch. When the Tsimshian were sighted the Nanyaayih fled 

to the mountains. The Tsimshian stole the dried fish and berries and burned the houses. 

The war continued over the years, with raids and counter-raids. 

Finally the Tsimshian determined to exterminate the Nanyaayih. A huge party from four 

villages carne on a raid. But a Nayaayih shaman "saw" that they were coming. He said 

that all adult males must stay to fight. The people were fishing for eulachon at the island 

called kuxnu k. A canoe of hunters heard the Tsimshian down to the south and reported. 

The Tlingit got ready. The women and children were sent to Djanteylrh (Farm Island). 

The next morning the Tsimshian came on the incoming tide. They rounded Chilkat 

Blanket Point (naxxe'n). There were so many of them that they made straight for the 

village for an open fight. The Tsimshian chief named Yaxwe'xc had a canoe named Killer 

Whale Canoe. Behind him came Xaga'kc in his canoe, followed by many others. As they 

came in ChiefGucxi'n of the Nanyaayih sat on the beach wearing his Killer Whale hat. 

The mouth of this was painted red, representing the Tsimshian who had been killed 

("eaten" by the killer whale). ChiefYaxwexc said to him, "Gucxin! Run away! Run into 

the woods!" (This was in derision, intimating that Gucxin was a coward.) But Gucxin 

answered, "I challenge you. We two will fight. 

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The Tsimshian landed. They spread mats on the sand and began gambling at the game 

called kadogi'tc. They said, so as to be overheard, "Wait until we finish gambling, then 

we will slaughter them." This was to show contempt. Finally the fight began. The two 

Wolf clans, the Nanyaayih and the Kaiyackittitan were involved. The Raven clans (the 

Katcaddih, Kiksadi, Tihittan, Tekwedih, and Kakakwedih) watched from the houses. At 

first the tide of battle favored the Tsimshian and the Tlingit were in retreat, with one man 

trying to rally them. Seeing how things were going the Katcaddih chief told the others, 

"Your fathers are being defeated. We had better help them. Get on your armor." So they 

attacked the Tsimshian from the rear. The surprise attack was too much for the Tsimshian 

and they were being slaughtered. Chief Gucxin then shouted to his opponent, "Why don't 

you gamble now?" 

The Tsimshian chiefYaxwe'xc and some of his men ran for his canoe. But the Tlingit 

saw this and ran out and captured the chief and all his men. (The Tlingit shaman had 

foreseen all this. He had said, "You will sec a big killer whale [the canoe] floundering in 

the slough, trying to get away.") The Nanyaayih announced that they would cremate the 

Tsimshian dead of the Gltxangik clan'D which was the equivalent of the Nanyaayih. The 

Tsimshian chief went with them to point out which of the dead were of this group. [There 

is a discrepancy here. The Nanyaayih should be cremating those of the "Raven" side. My 

informant may have meant this.] This chief said, "I feel happy in this, for they are your 

clansmen [opposites? The wolf clan of the Tsimshian is the Laxgibu ]. It is as if you had 

paid the blood-price for all of them. Because of this we will make peace and have no 

more war." The Tsimshian chief was told to send some of his men back home and to 

order that all Wrangell captives from previous battles were to be returned. Otherwise all 

the captured Tsimshian chiefs and their sons would be kept as slaves. (The Tsimshian 

villages involved in this war were said to be Grtga'tl, Waku'tl, Metlakatla, and Port 

Simpson.) When the Tlingit captives had been returned the Tsimshian captives were sent 

back in two canoes, well provisioned. 

But the war was not over for peace had not been made. Chief Gucxin ordered parties of 

men out to search for a good location for a fort. They decided on a spot at Little Duncan 

on Kupreanof [Krugenoff?] Island. At that place there is an islet which at low tide is 

surrounded by flats of very soft mud. A year passed before the Tsimshian came to scout 

the place. They lay offshore, watching. The tide ran out fast, stranding the canoes. They 

jumped out to try to free their canoes but were trapped in mud up to their waists. The 

ChicfYaxwcxc gave up. The parties exchanged "deer" and carried out the peace 

ceremony (kuwakan wuti'h). The Tlingit "deer" were Yika&a's and Kudane'k!; those 

from the Tsimshian were Yetlgoxco'h and K! axwank. There were the speeches and 

dances. The hostages remained with the opponents for a year, then were returned home. 

The Nanyaayih were given the great Tsimshian names Ccks (Shakes) and Goxcoo'h. The 

Nanyaayih also received many Tsimshian songs, dances with masks [the "secret society" 

dances?] and mourning songs. In addition they received the personal names Yaskimtsuwa'h and W Andzikoxco"h and the canoe name kitya'k ["Killer Whale canoe," in 

Tlingit]. 

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This "raid" at Little Duncan had been only a mock raid. The Tsimshian came to make 

peace. The Tlingit did not know this, however, until the Tsimshian made a peace speech, 

after they were mired in the mud. They may have, at that, come to fight but after the 

peace speech the Tlingit were honor bound to make peace. 

A War Prevented 

The chief named Kuxti'tc, of the Kegan Ganaxadi, prepared to give a great potlatch. He 

sent invitations to the Nanyaayih clan of Wrangell, where Goco'h and Cekc (Shakes) 

were the highest chiefs. In this potlatch Kuxtitc had twenty slaves to give away. These 

slaves he ordered to hold on to five ropes, that is, in groups of four. He started to lead the 

groups, one at a time, into the potlatch house. He wore a raven's headdress made in such 

a way that the raven's beak held the line and pulled the slaves in. The slaves were placed 

with the other property to be given away. But as he led in the fourth group he collapsed. 

Blood ran from his mouth and he died within minutes. The Wrangell guests became 

frightened at this, thinking they might be blamed and a war would begin. So they ran to 

launch their canoes. 

Kuxtitc had a nephew [his heir] named Kadetya', and he came out to remedy matters. He 

stood in front of the house and spoke to the Wrangell people, who were now in their 

canoes. He said, "My uncle's guests! Not only Kuxtitic is going to die that way! 

[meaning, all men must die]. Come ashore!" At this the guests came back in and took 

their seats. Two wise old men sat at the side of Kadetya and the potlatch went on. 

Kadetya at this time took the name-title of his just-dead uncle. 

Peace with the Xetlkwan 

The Xetlkwan had had war with the Tantakwan Ganaxadi. But early one summer about 

ten years later they sent word that they wished peace. All the Tantakwan assembled at the 

fort called Dasxa'k near Cat Island. Caklen was chief at this time. His son Antxwa'h was 

now grown and was counted a "prince" of Bear House of the Tekwedih. On top of his 

father's house, Y ctlhit, was a platform, and when the weather was fine Antxwah would sit 

there, dressed in a Hudson's Bay blanket and kerchief. The Xetlkwan had stopped in 

K wain Bay to don their costumes before coming in, and he saw the flash of a mirror. He 

gave the word. There were seventy canoes, for all the Stikine people came also, Chief 

Cekc (Shakes) was the leader. Another Wrangell chief was Kaccestu'h. The Tekwedih of 

the Tantakwan were acting as nakani (literally, "brothers -in-law" serving as arbitrators). 

The flotilla landed in a bay of Cat Island where they built a mock fort on the beach. In the 

morning one of them shouted, "Shakes' war is coming!" One of the Tantakwan answered, 

"Wah sakat ani'kW" (what of it?). After further bantering, a Tantakwan asked, "How 

many have you killed already?" For the Tantakwan had killed many but had lost only 

seven. 

ChiefTek ofthe Xetlkwan was chosen as "deer." But the Wrangell people clustered so 

thickly around him that the Tekwedih could not get at him to "capture" him. He stood 

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atop a rock. The Tekwcdih came in a canoe. At their every attempt the crowd blocked 

them. Finally GM's father dove through between the legs of the "defenders" and hauled 

him out. Then the other nakani seized him, with the usual cry of "waw+." Tek was taken 

to Caklen's house where the Ganaxadi "shot" him with only powder in the muskets, and 

threatened him in mock anger in various ways. There was no fire in the house, another 

"sign" that they intended to kill him. They put him on a box ncar the fireplace where he 

sat holding his war knife in his hand. For an hour no word was spoken. Then Tekjurnped 

onto the lower platform and sang: 

Did you die against the door of the other world, my uncle? 

Did you die against the door of the other world, my uncle? 

Did you die and let me live with the stones? All must go there, I, too, will go. 

This meant that he wished to fight and die. At this, Caklen told the nakani to disarm him. 

So they took away his knife and disrobed him, continually uttering "waw+" to soothe 

him. Then the Ganaxadi sent the go-betweens for another "deer," this time one named 

Kakle'nu, a youth. They frightened him, too. Still others were brought in, twenty in all. 

To each was given something in the way of a gift. Three Ganaxadi chiefs had been killed, 

Cantaguhh, Tanguye'h, and Yetltsge't. Against each of these the Ganaxadi "placed" eight 

Xetlkwan. That is, according to the eight long bones of the body, so they counted each of 

the three chiefs as worth eight commoners, for no Xetlkwan chiefs had been killed. (And 

during the war Tanguye had said to Xekah as he struck him, "You are not worthy to be 

killed to balance my uncle.") There was an interval of silence, then Caklen rose and said 

to his wife, "Nitck, give the blankets away." She handed out three blankets. [Giving a 

mere three was in itself almost an insult.] But another Banaxadi chief, Nawada'wtc, gave 

a slave and considerable property. 

Then Caklen addressed Tck as follows, "Tek, I do not feel kindly toward you. Why 

should I put these goods in front of you to pay for your uncle's dead body? Cantaku was 

killed, and I am not satisfied as to how he was killed. Now it will be your duty to answer 

me when I've finished. See if you are satisfied. It will be eight men against my uncle's 

death, eight men against Tanguye, and eight men against Yetltsget." But Tek gave no 

reply, showing they would be satisfied. This ended the part of the ceremony by the 

Tantakwan. The go-between (nakani) for the Xetlkwan called Caklen out to be "deer." He 

was "dugegi," against and equal to Tek. He came out of his house dressed for war and 

was duly "captured." (This part of the ceremony must be in a different house.) There was 

no payment, for the payments had been made in the Tantakwan part. After the ceremony 

Tck stayed with the Tantakwan while Caklen went to Killer Whale Fort at Loring with 

the Xetlkwan. There he was taken to a house where Tek's sister lived and was put at the 

rear (i.e., the "head") of the house. The Xetlkwan gathered round. There was no fire 

burning, a bad sign. This worried Tek's sister, for it meant that they intended to kill 

Caklen, and he was "against" her brother. She secretly gave Caklen a knife, but he spat 

loudly and threw it in the ashes, saying, "So many deaths we have already had. And I 

would be killed for them! So why do you wish me to play with this little knife?" But at 

this the Xetlkwan chief said the pacifying phrase "waw+" four times. Later Xetlkwan 

went again to the Tantakwan, and the final peace ceremonies were held. 

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The War bEtween theHenyakwan andtheStikinekwan 

The war began over the killing of some Henya by an early Chief Shakes (Ceks) of 

Wrangell. The war involved all clans ofboth tribes. On the Wrangell (Stikine) side the 

Nanyaayih, Kaskwedih, Xetlkwan, and Kaiyachittan Wolf side clans and the Kiksadi, 

Tihittan, and Teklkwedih Raven side clans took part. On the Henya side the Cangukedih, 

Kakoshittan, Tekwedih, Antcuhittan Wolf clans and the Ganaxadi, Titlhittan, 

Tagwanedih, and the Dekiganaxadi Raven clans took part. 

The Henya went to Wrangell in twenty-five war canoes. At a place they called Tcantayeh 

the Stikine had a fort. The men were away and the Henya succeededin capturing the 

women and children and destroying the fort. The Stikine then builtDuknuwu (fir tree 

fort). The Henya went there and lay offshore. One of the Stikine, named Kuxade'h, came 

out and shouted curses and insults at the Henya. He did not know it but his mother had 

been captured and was lying in one of the canoes, covered with a mat. She heard her son's 

insults and asked her captor to remove the mat. She shouted to her son, "Do you think 

your words will win this war? You had better stop talking." Later in the day Kuxadeh 

again appeared and called out, "Mother, is that you?" She replied that it was indeed she. 

He asked, "Is your life long enough?" She replied, "Yes." (That is, he meant had she lived 

long enough was was she willing to sacrifice her life to give her people information.) 

Late that night the Henya became sleepy, so allowed their canoes to drift downstream, 

guided by one of the captives. As the last canoe left, the old woman threw off the mat and 

shouted to the people of the fort, "The war party is going downriver!" At daylight the 

Stikine launched their canoes and followed. The Henya had gone ashore at Tcantayeh at 

the mouth of the (Stikine) river. There they had pulled their canoes up and the Wolf clans 

and Raven clans had made separate camps. 

As the first Stikine canoes appeared the Raven people asked what clan they were. The 

Stikine said, "Kiksadi," and were signalled to go against the Wolf clans of the other 

camp. When the Stikine Wolf clan canoes came they stood off from the camp of the 

Henya Raven camp. [This was so that clan and moiety "brothers" would not be fighting 

each other.] One of the Stikine Kiksadi men wore a war hat called "Bear Hat." On it was 

a plume of baleen and a piece of fur. This was "bait." (He wore a Wolf moiety hat 

because he was "child" ofTekwedih, a Wolfclan.) The Tinedih clan shaman had foretold 

that if such "bait" was seen the Henya would win; it it were not seen, the Stikine people 

would win. 

A Henya war chief named Tlana'tl came on a Stikine warrior on the beach and killed him. 

It was Kuxadeh, the one who had hurled the insults. The Henya Wolf clans were losing 

their fight so the Raven clans came to their aid, to help their "fathers." They killed the 

war leader with the Bear hat. The man who killed him cut off the head and held it in his 

teeth. This frightened the Stikinekwan and they took to their canoes. So the war was won. 

The Ilenya cut the heads of their own dead and took the scalps of their enemies. They 

buried their own dead but let the other bodies lie. Then they went up the river to Fir Tree 

Fort where the Stikine women and children were. These saw the canoes coming and came 

out with cries of joy, thinking it was their own men returning victorious. A few old men 

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and some women escaped, taking some children with them. The others were captured. 

Among the captives was a baby who was to become the mother ofChiefCeks (Shakes). 

She was a baby in the cradle. Chief Tlanatl asked who the baby was and learned she was 

the grandchild of Chief Cekc. [These name-titles often occur in each generation of a 

lineage, the name passing from a man to his nephew.] So the child was not harmed; 

besides she was also of Chief Tlanatl's grandfather's clan. She was not taken away by the 

Henya but left at the fort for the refugees to find. 

The Henya started home after burning the fort but again stopped at Tcantayeh. There they 

piled the bodies of the Stikine dead in two heaps, according to clan. The Henya Wolves 

took care of the Stikine Raven bodies; the Henya Ravens piled the Stikine Wolf corpses. 

The bodies were covered with brush so the birds would not eat them. But because 

Kuxadeh had reviled them they slit his lower lip, cut off his penis and put it in the slit as 

a"labret." His testicles were cut out and stuffed in his cheeks. His head was cut off and 

put on a pole, but the body was buried wrapped in a sea otter robe. His scalp was taken as 

a trophy by a warrior named KaxkaTh, who also got the Bear hat as a trophy. The bodies 

of the Henya dead were then burned and the bones taken home. The child in the cradle 

was saved by her people and years later gave birth to a child who became Chief Ceke. As 

this child grew up his mother repeatedly told him that he must never make war on the 

Henya, for they had been merciful to her; that except for Tlanatl he would have been born 

a slave. This is why it is said that an ancestress of the great Chief Cekc [of modern times] 

was a slave. And Chief Shakes of modern times knew this. After this war the two tribes 

kept the peace. 

TheTiingit lndians(Emmonsand De laguna 1991a) 

Slavery 

At Wrangell one man killed another. To save the slayer's life, the chief paid for the 

crime, but since the slayer had not discharged the debt by the time he died, the chief 

took his mother as a slave, although she was never sold [to collect the money owed]. An 

old Stikine Tlingit told me that the Kartch-ut-dee family [Qa'c'adi, Raven 28], to their 

great shame, were in the habit of enslaving the poor and orphans of their own blood, and 

that a chief so held a widow in bondage. Her duty was to care for the large canoe, but it 

cracked because she neglected to keep it wet and covered. She was so badly punished 

that she ran away, and married among the Tahltan of the upper Stikine. Even to this day, 

the coastal Tlingit clans reproach their fellow clansmen in the interior as being the 

children of a slave. 

[In the same period, Sir George Simpson (Simpson 1847), on his voyage around the world, 

1841-42, visited the Hudson's Bay Company post at Fort Stikine (Wrangell), and reported of 

the Stikine and their neighbors: 

One full third of the large population of this coast are slaves of the most helpless and abject 

description. Though some of the poor creatures are prisoners taken in war, yet most of them 

have been born m their present condition. These wretches, besides being constantly the 

victims of cruelty, are often the instruments of malice or revenge. If ordered by his master to 

destroy red or white man, the slave must do so, however dangerous may be the service, for, if he 

either refuse or fail, his own miserable life must play the forfeit, ... [Chief Shakes, Wolf 18) 

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was said to be very cruel to his slaves, whom he frequently sacrificed in pure wantonness in 

order to show how great a man he was. On the recent occasion of a house-warming, he 

exhibited, as part of the festivities, the butchery of five slaves; and at another time, having struck a white man in a fit of drunkenness and received a pair of black eyes for his pains, he ordered a slave to be shot by way at once of satisfying his own wounded honor and of apologizing to the 

person whom he had assaulted. His rival, fQuatekay, "the second chief of the tribe," 

unidentified, but probably Raven 32), on the contrary, was possessed of such kindness of heart, 

that, on grand holidays, he was more ready to emancipate his slaves than to destroy them. Yet, 

strange to say, many bondmen used to run away from Quatekay, while none attempted to 

escape from Shakes,-an anomaly which, however, was easily explained, inasmuch as the one would pardon the recaptured fugitives and the other would torture and murder them. 

The Stikine participated in slave sacrifice and the torture of witches (Young): 

Fort Wrangell, on the site of the earlier Russian Redoubt St. Dionysius and of the Hudson's 

Bay Company Fort Stikine, was built between the town of the Stikine and the area where 

the foreign Tlingit tribes camped when they came to trade at the fort. l But for the most 

part the officers of the Fort knew nothing of what was going on in either camp. . . . Murders, robberies, torturing of witches and even sacrifice of slaves might go on- and 

did-without the officers knowing or inquiring about these occurrences. 

Four or five years after the building of the Fort, at the erection of a large new community house and big totem pole to make good the name of the new chief who had taken the place of the deceased Shustaak [Raven 33], ten slaves were brained at one time with the same 

greenstone ax and sent to wait upon the deceased chief in "Sickagow" fsigi' qa'wu 'a'ni, 

"dead people's land"], the Happy Hunting Ground of the Thlingits. Of this massacre the 

commanding officer of the Fort knew nothing or, if it was reported to him, no investigation was made. 

[The Stikine were a wealthy and arrogant tribe.] Before the American occupation of Alaska 

their great war canoes made frequent raids down the Coast, attacking the villages of the 

Queen Charlotte group of islands, those on the shores of Vancouver Island and the islands 

in the Gulf of Georgia. They possessed slaves, who were taken from the Puyallups and 

Neah Bays, and a few who were said to be descendants of the Chinooks at the mouth of 

the Columbia River. I estimated that there were at least forty slaves held by the Stickecns 

when I arrived at Wrangell [July I 0, 18781. 

[In 18791 the slavery question became acute. There were many slaves in and about Fort 

Wrangell, some of them held by the Stickecn chiefs and others brought there by the 

"Foreign Indians" fKake, Hutsnuwu, and other Tlingitl. These slaves were obtained in two 

ways by the Thlingits and the Hydas. The manner in which most of them were procured was by the great war parties, which, from thirty to a hundred years before our arrival, went 

down the coast in their large canoes, attacked the Flatheads of Puget Sound and the natives 

of Vancouver Island, killing the men and making captives of the women and children. The 

slaves thus procured and their children, for they frequently married in captivity, were held as property in all the tribes. 

The other method was by self-surrender. A man would become so deeply involved in debt 

that neither he nor his immediate kin could see any prospect of payment. His creditors were persistent in their demands. At last, after much talk he would give himself up, with as many children of his family as were necessary to satisfY the long-standing obligation, and they would go to the house of the creditor family and become slaves. 

However, while those obtained by foray were counted as mere chattels, the master having the 

power of life and death over them, those taken for debt within the same tribe stood on a different footing; and there was always the hope in their hearts that they could serve out 

their time and purchase their freedom. They were part of the family in the community house, and often their masters had a real affection for them and treated them well. 

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But the slaves captured from foreign tribes were despised, slighted and bartered at the will 

of their masters. Frequently they were sacrificed at the death of a chief, or to propitiate the 

spirits of the glaciers which were swallowing up their salmon streams, or the spirits of the 

mountains which precipitated landslides upon the camps, or the spirits of the ice which 

overturned huge icebergs to the destruction of unwary canoeists. When they died, instead of 

their bodies being cremated they were thrown out in the woods to rot or be devoured by 

the wolfish dogs. 

So far as 1 could ascertain, no real effort had been made by the officers at Fort Wrangell 

and Sitka to abolish slavery f despite orders that the President's Proclamation of 

Emancipation should apply to Alaska}. Of course, I instituted a vigorous campaign against 

this evil. [The collector of customs at Wrangell, Colonel Crittenden, a Southerner who did 

not want the "Siwashes" to have slaves when his people had to give them up, assisted 

Young in this.) 

Although the masters objected, and often pretended to liberate their slaves while still 

holding them in servitude, we soon affected practical freedom. We sent back to Nanaimo 

in British Columbia, to Tacoma and Port Townsend and to the west coast of Vancouver 

Island upward of twenty men and women who wished to return to their native tribes. 

[Others seem to have chosen to remain with their former masters.] 

Gratitude Dance 

[Emmons here referred to the following incident recorded by Paul: 

One instance at Wrangell-while dancing Gratitude Dance, one party, ltlh-wy-too tribe 

(probably Wolf26, Xu'xVdi], sang more than four songs. Nin-ye-oh-ye[Na'nya'?a'yi, Wolf 

181 got insulted, and they began to fight, right while at the dance. 

It happened that their [host's 1 emblem, the Raven Hat, was not anywhere near at hand fto 

place between them as a symbol of peace, Emmons explained.] So one of the leaders, a woman. got up. In her excitement she says, "Caw, Caw, Caw," just like a raven [the cry of 

her clan]. The whole party quieted down just as soon as that was heard. Another woman shouts and says. "When a raven is hard up for something to eat, the raven crows upon 

killerwhale, and the killerwhalc dies. Now that Raven has crowed upon you, upon the 

Killerwhale." 

Both parties' emblem was the Killerwhale. The emblem is more like their flag. The party 

broke up and went home for fear of further trouble. The Raven tribe [moiety] got 

together. Kadashan [a Raven 32 leader] among them, and they went to each house of the 

guests and sang the Art's fixt, shaman's] songs for them, and pleaded with them. Three days 

after that, all the Raven women dressed up in their best and went to the guests" houses and 

invited them for a light lunch, Their faces were painted Ravens Wing, Raven's Bill, Frog's 

Footprint, etc. fin ceremonial crest designs). 

When the guests came, [there was) coaxing, singing, etc .... Then the ltlh-way-too tribe 

[Wolf26] got up and one man danced with Slu-ke-ut [ceremonial headdress, sakiat]. One of 

the Nin-ye-ah-yeWolf 18] danced in like manner, so both parties made up. 

The reason why the leader always seems so anxious about his guests, for fear of any trouble 

among themselves. If there is serious trouble among the guests, the leader [host] is to be 

blami:ffor it. 1 

[Emmons ended the story:] Peace was finally made by the head man of each family (the two 

Wolf clans] who dressed in ceremonial costume as Kau-a-kon fquwaka'n, "deer," or hostageambassador], the customary method of settling trouble between clans or tribes after war. 

49 
867 


Insert offset folio 947 here 98942A.849

Witchaaft & &lrrencler cl Culture 

[Soon fears of witchcraft were again revived when a human skull, with the flesh half gonesurely the property of a: witch-was found under the house of Jakob Ukotsees. a relative 

of Kah-tu-yeatley's. Chiefs Shakes and Shustaak demanded to know if Young would 

tolerate the witches that were making people sick (Young 1927:137-39). At a meeting of all 

the principal leaders of the Stikines, Shakes called for testimony of the natives to convince 

Young that witches really existed. As the latter wrote (Young 1927:140-42): 

The testimony of practically all present was then heard. Of late years I have made a study 

of the Salem witchcraft cases and have compared the testimony given in the press by our enlightened New England forefathers with the testimony of the Stickeens in that notable 

council of ours. A comparison of this evidence shows a surprising resemblance. . . . [T]here were in both the same positive statements of the transformation of the persons 

accused into the form of wolves, ravens and demons; the same mysterious convulsions, 

trances and painful seizures of their victims; the same jumble of piety and malice, of 

falsehood and delusion; the same hytterics. ... 

One by one stories of incidents which were told as coming under the personal knowledge 

of the speakers were related with seeming truthfulness .... The mass of testimony, if it 

could be dignified by that name, was overwhelming. But while these men claimed to be 

eye-witnesses of these mysterious events, the "witnesses did not agree together"; ... [and 

Young became convinced that] the unscrupulous and avaricious medicine-men were at 

the bottom of it aiL Many of these tales were put into the mouths of the witnesses by their 

fits. 

As Young (1927:146) wrote later: 

I firmly believe that all of the medicine-men in Southeastern Alaska at that time and since were cons.ious frauds They were in the business simply for the profit that there was in it. 

They did not believe in their own powers. In fact, one of the most noted of them, when I 

pinned him down, confessed as much. I said, "You know yourself that you are simply 

fooling these people; you have no Yok~ and never had one. You cannot do anything you 

profess to do. Why do you do it?" 

He grinned at me with that aggravating insolence that those fellows possessed in 

superlative degree, and said: "I do it for the same reason that you come and preach about 

your God-for pay." 

[Young succeeded in getting the Wrangell natives to form a council, with Chief Shakes as 

the head (although Young himself retained great power as "manager"), with authority to try 

all cases of alleged witchcraft, practicing black arts, or frightening people. The Indians 

pledged that there was to be no more tying people up for witchcraft, no medicine man 

was allowed to practice in the Stikine town, and that "the old feasts and potlatches which 

led to so much robbery and disorder were to be done away ... " All the principal men signed. "Then there was a general handshaking and the presentation to me of a multitude 

of old dance implements, pipes, stone axes and other relics of their past life, and the 

Council adjourned with prayer and benediction." 

[Thus the Indians of Wrangell pledged to give up all the ceremonies symbolizing crest and 

clan, and gave away their clan heirlooms. Henceforth they were to be modern United States 

citizens. 

[Young knew of course that superstition died hard. Shamans continued to practice in the 

"Foreign Town" where visiting natives from other areas lived. Shakes engaged Klee-a-kect 

to cure his younger brother, whom Young had been treating. When the missionary broke 

into the house where the shaman was holding his seance, Shakes was embarrassed but 

50 
868 


Insert offset folio 948 here 98942A.850

pleaded that the shaman be allowed to continue (there was evidently no witchcraft 

accusation). Young agreed, but told Klee-a-keet that if he failed and the youth died, neither 

he nor any other shaman would be allowed to perform in the town. And when the young 

man did die, the whole family of Shakes took back all of the wealth that had been given as 

fee to Klee-a-keet, and left him nothing but his canoe. The shaman in a rage tried to stab the 

missionary, but was prevented by the outraged Stikines. And Mr. Young acquired the knife, 

"a beautiful trophy! The handle was of crab-apple wood, carved in the semblance of a 

wolfs head with abalone shell eyes and teeth.'' 

[Shakes and Young together dealt with another witchcraft case, this one in the Foreign 

Town, where a little girl had been hidden under the flooring of a house occupied by a Kake 

couple. When they got the trap door open: Down in a hole under the floor, about three or 

four feet deep, lay a naked child, some five or six years of age, sobbing .... Her hands were 

tied tightly behind her back, and we found on her body marks or stripes, as if she had been 

cruelly beaten. . . . She was apparently starved. When we asked how long since she had 

eaten anything, she said: "Many days." When questioned why she was put down in that 

hole she did not know. Shakes had been informed, however, that a medicine-man had 

named her as bewitching the [Kake] woman, and they had begun to torture her. They 

might have put her to death had we not interfered. 

[There were few cases of witchcraft accusation at Wrangell after this, because the shamans 

were afraid, and the town became known as a haven of refuge. "At one time," wrote 

Young (1927:154), "there were seven girls and six boys in our school under our care, who 

had been accused, and in some cases tied up, as witches," but who had escaped to 

Wrangell. [Furthermore, Young reported: 

When a Stickecn lht made an incantation in a house on the outskirts of the village our Council was called. We summoned the offender, made him return the fee he had collected 

and talked to him so severely that he voluntarily cut off his long hair and presented the ugly 

mop to me as a sign of his surrender ... [and Mrs. Young burned it!]. 

51 
869 


Insert offset folio 949 here 98942A.851

CHAPTER 5: A Photographic History of Wrangell and the Shtax'heen Kwaan 

The photographs of this chapter were obtained from "The Tlingit Indians" by George Emmons 

and Frederica de Laguna as well as from the Alaska Digital Archives, the latter of which is a 

compilation from various sources. Each photograph and illustration is accompanied with a 

description and citation. Most do not have associated in-text citations in previous chapters. There 

was no effort to validate the year, author, events or people associated with each nor is this an 

exhaustive compilation. It should be noted that some of the photographs may not have been 

originally collected with the express permission of the clan or that of individuals depicted therein 

but it is almost impossible to decipher this. None will be recreated for profit (in fact no part of 

this report will be profited from by the author) and it will be used solely for educational 

purposes. 

Maps 

Fig. 1. Map depicting Kwan territories of the southern Tlingit in relation to one another and in relation to other 

cultural groups. (Emmons and De Laguna) 

52 
870 


Insert offset folio 950 here 98942A.852

Fig. 2. This map is an illustration of the Stikine region compiled by William L. Paul Sr. to accompany his letter to 

Theodore Haas. It gives special emphasis to lands traditionally claimed by the Tehittaan clan of which Paul was a 

member. It was included in Goldschmidt and Haas' "Haa aani, Our Land" in 1998 on page 16. (Goldschmidt et al. 

l998c) 

53 
871 


Insert offset folio 951 here 98942A.853

--.... ,_,.., ........ 

MI.M'MC·~ 

• 

.,. ,....,_ 

"' 'AICIU,III)fOitWUWfOfOIOSAI..MOto 

w _ .... 4 IIIIUtftf(AW 

""" 

~~OI'Iet.IIN 

lv PfltMNftMOQMOUJIM CAIIH 

~'9-l ,_.,...... t auertll'l' $ 0• ~fmtfN# 

- ~ftNII~MHft. 

Fig. 3. This map is an illustration by Goldschmidt and Haas in their 1998 "Haa Aani, Our Land" (Chart II) and 

depicts the aboriginal uses and ownership ofthe Shtax'heen Kwaan of the Tlingit in 1945. (Goldschmidt et al. 

1998b) . 

54 
872 


Insert offset folio 952 here 98942A.854

g s,;~~n"lt .J .u · 

z 

\ 

~ 

Fig. 4. This map is of Wrangell proper and depicts the relative locations of clan houses as witnessed and illustrated 

by George T. Emmons sometime between 1880 and 1900 while on board a naval vessel. (Emmons and De Lagnna 

1880-1990) 

55 
873 


Insert offset folio 953 here 98942A.855

TOMJ d Wrangell 

c, 1891, with three totem poles 

the shore of a bay, Painted by Martha S. Knapp, wife ofGov, Lyman Knapp, Governor of Territory of 

Alaska. Presented by Mrs, Frances Morgan, daughter of Gov. & Mrs, Knapp, to the State of Alaska. Sen. Ernest 

Groening presented the painting for Mrs. Morgan to Gov. William Egan, who in turn presented it to Edward L 

Keithahn for the Alaska Historical Museum in a ceremony held in the Governor's Office Dec. 30, 1959. 

Fig. 6. Chief Shakes Island, Wrangell, AK Ca. 1900. (Unknown ca. 1900) 

56 
874 


Insert offset folio 954 here 98942A.856

57 
875 


Insert offset folio 955 here 98942A.857

58 
876 


Insert offset folio 956 here 98942A.858

59 
877 


Insert offset folio 957 here 98942A.859

Structures& Totems 

Fig. 12. Chief Shake's house and totems ca. 1894. Man in regalia with dog in front ofhouse.(ca. !894b) 

1894a) 

60 
878 


Insert offset folio 958 here 98942A.860

61 
879 


Insert offset folio 959 here 98942A.861

62 
880 


Insert offset folio 960 here 98942A.862

Fig. 19. Four men stand outside wooden buildings and grave monuments with killer whale and wolf totems on top, 

Wrangell, AK. Ca. 1878-1919. (Unknown !878-1919) 

63 
881 


Insert offset folio 961 here 98942A.863

64 
882 


Insert offset folio 962 here 98942A.864

Crane and Red Snapper totem poles, Wolf totem figure in front, 

65 
883 


Insert offset folio 963 here 98942A.865

as belonging to ChiefKahttcen. Ca. 1890-1910. (Weber 

66 
884 


Insert offset folio 964 here 98942A.866

People, Regalia, & Other Atoow 

Fig. Members of the Nanyaa.aayi (Wolf 18) clan in ceremonial costume, front 

Wrangell, 1895. (Photographer unknown. AMNH). (Emmons and De Laguna 1895b) 

of men wearing costumes for a performance inside Chief Shakes House, Wrangell, Alaska on July 

16, 1898. American flags and pictures of George Washington hang on the walls. (Goetze 1898a) 

67 
885 


Insert offset folio 965 here 98942A.867

68 

ca. 1907. (Garfield ca. 

i Hit (Frog House) of the 

The Xixch'l Gaas' (Frog House Posts) are still in 
886 


Insert offset folio 966 here 98942A.868

30. Coonk Shakes, nephew of a great chief ofWrangell. Pages Title taken from front. Men, women, and 

children gather in the center of the Chief Shakes House, Wrangell, Alaska. 1896-1913. (Goetze 1896-1913) 

69 
887 


Insert offset folio 967 here 98942A.869

costumes, Wrangell, 1895. The man in the 

doorway wears a complete brown bear skin. Chief Shakes (left) wears the "bears ears" headdress and a tunic 

ornamented with haliotis shell to represent bear's head, and hold the "Killcrwhale Cane." Photographer Unknown. 

(Emmons and De Laguna 1895a) 

state, crest clan, Wrangell, 

May 1898. (Photograph probably by George Davidson, USNM cat. no. 4780.) (Emmons and De Laguna 1878) 

70 
888 


Insert offset folio 968 here 98942A.870

71 
889 


Insert offset folio 969 here 98942A.871

Fig. 37. Medicine Man in Wrangell, Alaska. Ca. 1887-1926. (Greely ca. 1887-1926) 

72 
890 


Insert offset folio 970 here 98942A.872

and wearing apron decorated with dentalium shells and puffin bills. 

with lower lip labret wearing a spruce hat, bandana, cloth 

1900. (1893-1943) 

73 
891 


Insert offset folio 971 here 98942A.873

regalia. Wrangell, AK. 17 January 

74 
892 


Insert offset folio 972 here 98942A.874

Fig. 43. Mortuary posts, Wrangell. (Sketches by G.T. Enunons. AMNH.) Top Left. Two posts with carved eages. 

Bottom Left. Carved hawk, Ketchuke, on motuaty pole in front ofKadashan's house, Raven 32. Right. Carvings 

representing the sandhill crane, dulth, (a) on a dancing headdress, Wrangell and (b) on a mortuary post in front of 

Kadashan's house, Raven 32, WrangelL Sikinc Tribe. (Enunons and De Laguna) 

75 
893 


Insert offset folio 973 here 98942A.875

Fig. 44. Carving posts, Wrangell. (Sketched by G. T. Emmons. AMNH.) Top. Carving of a devilfish; the nose is like 

a hawk's beak; interior post in Chief Shake's House, Wolf 18. Bottom. Ravens on mortuary poles, Wrangell. 

(Emmons and De Laguna) 

canoe. byG.T. Emmons fortheWorld'sFairofl893, and now in the 

collections of the Smithsonian Institution. Smithsonian Institution photographs, nos. 4813 and 34375.) Top. Bow 

with carved bear and painted "blackfish" (pilot whale) which has caught a seal. Bottom. Stem, with carved bear and 

painted raven. 

76 
894 


Insert offset folio 974 here 98942A.876

The Last Great Potlatch 

Fig. 47. Tribal leaders in front of Chief Shakes Tribal House during potlatch, Wrangell, AK. 1940. (Unknown 

l940e) 

77 
895 


Insert offset folio 975 here 98942A.877

Fig. 49. Construction of Chief Shakes Tribal House, Wrangell, AK. 1940. (Unknown 1940b) 

78 
896 


Insert offset folio 976 here 98942A.878

Fig. 50. Chief Shakes' Canoe in Wrangell Harbor during potlatch with Chief Shakes VII in bow. 1940. (Unknown 

1940c) 

79 
897 


Insert offset folio 977 here 98942A.879

TABLES 

Table I. List ofStikine clans and house groups identified by Swanton (1908). (Swanton 1908) 

80 
898 


Insert offset folio 978 here 98942A.880

Table 2. Estimate ofKolosh in 1834 b Vcniaminov. (Emmons and De Laguna 1991d) 

TABLE 4 

Es.tlmate of Kok\Sh m i 8 34 by Vtniaminov 

81 
899 


Insert offset folio 979 here 98942A.881

82 
900 


Insert offset folio 980 here 98942A.882

Table 6. Estimate ofTlin it ("Koluschan") in 1890. (Emmons and De Laguna !99lc) 

lAB.U-:.$ 

83 
901 


Insert offset folio 981 here 98942A.883

Works Cited 

1890-1940. Wrangell Institute -school. Pages Wide view, with water and dock in foreground. 

Verso: Warner Bros. in ASLOP44-053, ed. Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State LibraryHistorical Collections. Wrangell, Alaska: Skinner Foundation. Photographs, Alaska Steamship 

Company. 

1893-1943. Old Thlingit [Tiingit] woman, Fort Wrangel [Wrangell], Alaska. Pages Woman with 

lower lip labret wearing a spruce hat, bandana, cloth coat, and dress; sitting with crossed wrists, 

ca. 1900 in ASL-P87-0136, ed. Winter and Pond. Photographs, 1893-1943. Wrangell, Alaska: 

Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

ca. 1890-1920. Two totems in front of house. Pages Chief Shakes's house with Hear-up-theMountain and Go-na-ka-dot totems. in ASL-P226-782b, ed. William R. Norton. Photographs, ca. 

1890-1920. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library- Historical 

Collections. 

ca. 1894a. Old Shakes grave Wrangle [Wrangell], Chief Shakes Uncle, Tote, is whale killer in 

ASL-P208-148, ed. Alaska Lantern Slides Collection. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital 

Archives; Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

ca. 1894b. Chief Shakes, house and totems, Wrangle [Wrangell]. Pages Man in regalia with dog 

in front of house. in ASL-P208-149, ed. Alaska Lantern Slides Collection, ca. 1894- [ongoing]. 

Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

ca. 1894c. Site of Old Wrangell [Wrangell], 200 slaves sacrificed there in ASL-P208-147, ed. 

Alaska Lantern Slides Collection. Old Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State 

Library - Historical Collections. 

ca. 1916. People in front of Chief Shakes house, Wrangell. ca. 1916 in ASL-Pl4-199, ed. J. 

Simpson MacKinnon Photo Collection, ca. 1880-1946 .. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital 

Archives; Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

ca. 1930-1950. Kicksctti and Kadasha Totems, Wrangell, Alaska. Pages "Kicksetti Totem and 

Sun House, Wrangell, Alaska" Wrangell, Alaska. 

Bringhurst R. 2000. A story as sharp as a knife: The classical Haida mythtellers and their world: 

Univ of Nebraska Pr. 

Case WH. 1886. Old Community House. Wrangle [sic], Alaska 1886 in ASL-P226-383, ed. 

William r. Norton. Photographs, ca. 1890-1920. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; 

Alaska State Library- Historical Collections. 

-. 1908. Old Ft. Wrangell built in 1868. Wrangell, Alaska, 1908 in ASL-P226-387, ed. William 

R. Norton. Photographs, ca. 1890-1920. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State 

Library - Historical Collections. 

84 
902 


Insert offset folio 982 here 98942A.884

Clark DS. 1927. Chief Shakes House Wrangell, Alaska in UAA-hmc-0614-54b, ed. Alaska 

Circle Tour Photograph Album, 1927. Wrangell, Alaska.: Alaska Digital Archives; University of 

Alaska Anchorage - Consortium Library. 

Cohen KA. 1989. Wrangell harvest study: a comprehensive study of wild resource harvest and 

use by Wrangell residents .. Juneau: Phoenix Associates and the Alaska Department ofFish and 

Game - Division of Subsistence. 

Dauenhauer N, Dauenhauer R. 1994. Haa k ustccyi, our culture: Tlingit life stories: Univ of 

Washington Pr. 

Emmons G, De Laguna F. Carving posts, Wrangell. (Sketched by G. T. Emmons. AMNH.) Top. 

Carving of a devilfish; the nose is like a hawk's beak; interior post in Chief Shake's House, Wolf 

18. Bottom. Ravens on mortuary poles, Wrangell .. Pages 205. The Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, 

Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum ofNatural History. 

Mortuary posts, Wrangell. (Sketches by G.T. Emmons. AMNH.) Top Left. Two posts with 

carved cages. Bottom Left. Carved hawk, Ketchuke, on motuary pole in front of Kadashan's 

house, Raven 32. Right. Carvings representing the sandhill crane, dulth, (a) on a dancing 

headdress, Wrangell and (b) on a mortuary post in front of Kadashan's house, Raven 32, 

Wrangell. Sikine Tribe .. Pages 196-197. The Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of 

Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

-.Map ofKwaan Territories. Pages Inside of Rear Cover. The Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, 

Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum ofNatural History. 

-. 1878. Chief Shakes V, Kow-ish-te, Wolf 18, lying in state, surrounded by crest heirlooms of 

his clan, Wrangell, May 1898. (Photograph probably by George Davidson, USNM cat. no. 

4780.). Pages 272. The Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American 

Museum of Natural History. 

-. 1880-1990. Emmon's sketch of Wrangell, showing location of clan houses. Pages 25. The 

Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum ofNatural 

History. 

-. 1895a. ChicfShakes and another Nanyaa.aayi (Wolf 18) chief in dance costumes, Wrangell, 

1895. The man in the doorway wears a complete brown bear skin. Chief Shakes (left) wears the 

"bears ears" headdress and a tunic ornamented with haliotis shell to represent bear's head, and 

hold the "Killerwhale Cane." Photographer Unknown .. Pages 174. The Tlingit Indians. 

Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

-. 1895b. Members of the Nanyaa.aayi (Wolf 18) clan in ceremonial costume, in front of 

Ground Shark House, Wrangell, 1895. (Photographer unknown. AMNH). Pages 26. The Tlingit 

Indians. Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

-. 199la. The Tlingit Indians: Univ ofWashington Pr. 

85 
903 


Insert offset folio 983 here 98942A.885

199lb. Table 7. Estimate ofTiingit in 1880. Pages 434. The Tlingit Indians. Wrangell, 

Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

-. 1991c. Table 8. Estimate ofTlingit ("Koluschan") in 1890. Pages 435. The Tlingit Indians. 

Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum ofNatural History. 

-. 1991d. Table 4. Estimate ofKolosh [Tlingit] in 1834 by Veniaminov. Pages 431. The Tlingit 

Indians. Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum ofNatural History. 

-. 199le. Table 5. Census of Native of Russian America between Latitude 59° and 54° 40' N., 

Execlusive ofthe Sitka Tribe on Baranofisland, in 1839. Pages 432. The Tlingit Indians. 

Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

-. 199lf. Table 6. Estimate ofKolosh [Tlingit] in 1861. Pages 433. The Tlingit .Indians. 

Wrangell, Alaska: Univ of Washington Press; American Museum of Natural History. 

Fleck R. 1978. John Muir's Evolving Attitudes toward Native American Cultures. American 

Indian Quarterly 4: 19-31. 

Garfield V. ca. 1907. Tlingit Chief Charles Jones Shakes at Home with Possessions, Wrangell, 

Alaska. Viola Garfield Collection. 

Gibson J. 1982. Smallpox on the Northwest Coast, 1835-1838. BC Studies 56:61-81. 

Goetze OD. 1896-1913. Coonk Shakes, nephew of a great chief of Wrangell. Pages Title taken 

from front. Men, women, and children gather in the center of the Chief Shakes House, Wrangell, 

Alaska. in A..\fRC-bOl-41-69, ed. AMRC. O.D. Goetze Collection. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska 

Digital Archives; Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center 

-. 1898a. Group of men wearing costumes for a performance inside Chief Shakes House, 

Wrangell, Alaska. Pages Group of men wearing costumes for a performance inside Chief Shakes 

House, Wrangell, Alaska. American flags and pictures of George Washington hang on the walls. 

Photographer's number 16. July 16, 1898. in AMRC-b010-41-251, ed. AMRC. O.D. Goetze 

Collection. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson 

Center. 

-. 1898b. Wrangell, Alaska, July 6, 1898 in AMRC-b01-41-253, ed. AMRC. O.D. Goetze 

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Center. 

-. 1899a. Indian curios, Wrangel[l], Alaska. Pages Handicrafts and art work of Alaska Natives 

displayed on and against a wall in Wrangell, Alaska, each artifact individually labeled on 

photograph. Items include baskets, spoons, moccasins, small pouches, miniature totem poles, 

miniature canoes, paddles, and shells. Photographer's number 18. Apri115, 1899. Photographer: 

O.D.G. in 9, ed. Alaska Digital Archives: Anchorage Museum at Rasmuson Center. 

-. 1899b. Native people, Fort Wrangel[l], Alaska. Pages Man with wolfs head hat and two boys 

posed with guns and dressed in decorative Native costumes, Wrangell, Alaska. Also from front: 

86 
904 


Insert offset folio 984 here 98942A.886

"Tringar(?) George." Photographer's number 64. Jan. 17, 1899. Photographer: O.D.G. in 11, ed. 

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Goldschmidt W, Haas T, Thornton T. 1998a. Haa aani: Univ of Washington Pr. 

-. 1998b. Chart 11: Wrangell Territory showing aboriginal use and ownership and prsent 

(1946) uses .. Haa aani, Univ of Washington Pr. 

-. 1998c. Map by William L. Paul Sr. accompanying his letter to Theodore Haas .. Pages 16. 

Haa aani, Univ of Washington Pr. 

Greely CS. ca. 1887-1926. Medicine Man- Wrangell, Alaska. Alaska Digital Archives: Alaska 

State Library- Historical Collections. 

Hinckley T. 1970. The Canoe Rocks-We Do Not Know What Will Become of Us. The Western 

Historical Quarterly 1: 265-290. 

Khlebnikov K. 1976. Colonial Russian America: Kyrill T. Khlebnikov's reports, 1817-1832: 

Oregon Historical Society. 

LaRoche F. 1890-1902a. Fort Wrangell. Pages Waterfront view. in I, ed. Alaska Digital 

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-. 1890-1902b. Fort Wrangell, Alaska in 2, ed. Alaska Digital Archives: Alaska State Library -

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London A. 2008. The Inspiration and Strength of William L. Paul, Sr. and the Alaska Native 

Claims Settlement Act. Young Native Writers. Bothell, WA: Holland and Knight Charitable 

Foundation, Inc. 

May AG. 1936. Totem pole near Wrangel. in uaa-hmc-0690-21-1936-14b, ed. Alan G. May 

(1895-1993). Papers, 1902-1990. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; University of 

Alaska Anchorage - Consortium Library. 

Oberg K. 1934. CRIME AND PUNISHMENT IN TLINGIT SOCIETY!. American 

Anthropologist 36: 145-156. 

Olson R. 1967. Social structure and social life of the Tlingit in Alaska: University of California 

Press. 

Paige A, Churchill S, Ratner N, Turek M, Coiley-Kenner P. 2009. Local Knowledge, Harvest 

Patterns, and Community Uses of Salmon in Wrangell, Alaska. 

Partridge WH. 1887. Ft. Wrangel [Fort Wrangell]. Alaska, U.S., 1887. Pages Wooden homes 

along waterfront at low tide. Large converted riverboat and canoes on right. Photographer's 

number 731 0 .. Alaska Digital Archives: Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

87 
905 


Insert offset folio 985 here 98942A.887

Phillips WaL. 1911. Indian school children dressed in grandfather's blanket. Pages Clipping from 

a publication of two children wrapped in ceremonial blankets. The child on the left appears to be 

wearing an Orca or killer whale blanket, and a frog blanket is hung on the door frame behind the 

children. Image was published in the February 1911 Issue of"The Alaskan Churchman" vl915, 

no.l912, p.1918 .. Alaska Digital Archives. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska and Polar Regions 

Collections, Elmer E. Rasmuson Library, University of Alaska Fairbanks.; mailto:fyapr@uaf.edu 

--(907) 474-6594--PO Box 756808, Fairbanks, AK 99775-6808 .. 

Pond Wa. 1893-1943. Totem Poles, ChiefKat-a-shan's [Kadashan] House, Fort Wrangel 

[Wrangell], Alaska .. Pages Title taken from image. Three houses with Crane and Red Snapper 

totem poles in front of two-story house in center, c. 1895. Photographer's number 1285. in ASLP87-0120, ed. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library- Historical 

Collections. 

-. 1896. Tlingit Indians, Wrangel [Wrangell], Alaska. Copyright 1896. Pages Kow-ee- Died 

Feb. 27, 1892. Wife "Ok-lak" and sister-in-law, apparently his second wife (had two wives). 

Kah-tah-hit = Kowee's house. Stood where present abandoned house of same name stands at 

west end of street in native village. Above information verified by Chief Jimmie Fox, April 

1817, 1954. Kow-ee (Pronounced Kow-ah-ee).Photographer's number 1305. in 6, ed. Alaska 

Digital Archives: Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

-. 1896-1913. Kad-a-shan [Kadashan] House, Wrangell. Pages Crane and Red Snapper totem 

poles, Wolf totem figure in front, c. 1895. in ASL-P87-0123, ed. Winter and Pond. Photographs, 

1893-1943. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library- Historical 

Collections. 

Rogers G. 1960. Alaska in transition. Soil Science 90: 146. 

Rolston AM. 1930. Wrangell, Alaska, 1930. Pages Totems in front of Bear Totem Store are 

grave totems. Alaska Digital Archives: Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

Scidmore E. 1885. Alaska: its southern coast and the Sitkan archipelago: D. Lothrop and 

Company. 

Sentinel W. 1940. The Last Great Potlatch. www.designsbytrisha.com/last great potlatch.htm. 

Simpson S. 1847. An overland journey round the world: during the years 1841 and 1842: Lea 

and Blanchard. 

Swanton JR. 1908. Social condition, beliefs and linguistic relationship of the Tlingit Indians: 

Kessinger Publishing. 

Sweeny DM. 1935-1975. Chief Shakes VII in ASL-P421-237, ed. Dora M. Sweeney. 

Photographs, 1935-1975. Wrangell, Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State LibraryHistorical Collections. 

Thornton T. 2002. From Clan to Kwaan to Corporation: The Continuing Complex Evolution of 

Tlingit Political Organization. Wicazo Sa Review 17: 167-194. 

88 
906 


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Tikhmenev P. 1978. A History of the Russian-American Company. Translated and edited by 

Richard A. Pierce and Alton S. Donnelly: Seattle: University of Washington Press. 

Unknown. 1878-1919. Indian Town, Fort Wrangell, Alaska. Pages Four men stand outside 

wooden buildings and grave monuments with totems on top, killer whale and wolf. in 3, ed. 

Alaska Digital Archives: Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

1940a. Totem Bear Up the Mountain being erected. Chief Shakes Tribal House: 

http://shakesisland.com/shakesislandphotos.html; copyright 2008. 

1940b. Construction of Chief Shakes Tribal House. Chief Shakes Tribal House: 

http://shakesisland.com/shakesislandphotos.html; copyright 2008. 

-. 1940c. Canoe. www.stikinehistorical.org/shakes.htm: Stikine Historical Society. 

-. 1940d. War canoe with Chief Shakes VII in bow .. Chief Shakes Tribal House: 

http:/ /shakesisland.com/shakesislandphotos.html; copyright 2008. 

-. 1940e. Tribal Leaders Chief Shakes Tribal House: 

http://shakesisland.com/shakesislandphotos.html; copyright 2008. 

-.ca. 1900. Chief Shakes Island, Wrangell, AK. www.cathedralgrove.eu/text/07-Tote,-

Websites-3.htm: University of Washington. 

Veniaminov I, Pierce R. 1984. Notes on the Islands of the Unalashka District: Limestone Press. 

Weber JW. 1890-1910. Frog totem, Wrangell, Alaska, ca. 1890-1910. Pages Title taken from 

caption. View of totem pole in Wrangell, Alaska. It is identified as belonging to ChiefKahlteen 

(see photograph ASL-P87-0128). Photograph taken between 1890 and 1910. Original 

photograph size: 0125 0121/0122" x 0123 0121/0122". in UAA-hmc-0344020c, cd. Wrangell, 

Alaska: Alaska Digital Archives; University of Alaska Anchorage -Consortium Library. 

Wilson S. 2008. Research is ceremony: Indigenous research methods. Winnipeg, MB: Fernwood. 

Worden JE. 1882-1930s. "Shak-ish-tin", Native, over 100 years old, Wrangell, Alaska. in ASLP277-013-002, ed. Wickersham State Historic Site. Photographs, 1882-1930s. Wrangell, Alaska: 

Alaska Digital Archives; Alaska State Library - Historical Collections. 

YoungS. Halll927 Hall Young of Alaska:" The Mushing Parson.". New York: Fleming H. 

89 
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October 15, 2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso, Chairmat1 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, 

and Mining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

\'(/ashington, DC 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden, Rankit~gMember 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and 

l'vlining 

U.S. Senate Committee on Energy and 

Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Re: S. 872 the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition 

and Compensation Act 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

A Tlingit Native Perspective 

My Tlingit name is Tashee, 1 am the recognized clan leader or hit s'aati for the Kiks.adi of 

the Shx'at Kwaan (Stikine River Area). On behalf of my people I am writing to you about 

the important piece of legislation, referred to above, pending before the Subcommittee on 

Public Lands, Forests and Mining of which you are a member. We urge your support. 

Recently your subcommittee held a hearing on the bill and heard testimony from Leo 

Barlow, representing the Southeast Alaska Landless Corporation (the regional corporation 

with representatives from the five Landless native communities in Southeast Alaska). 

While I am not going to repeat several of the key points Mr. Barlow made in his testimony 

I will emphasize and further develop some important items. 

You have heard that this injustice has been going on for over 40 years. It has actually 

been going on for over 100 years. For nearly 150 years (1867-2015) the communities of 

Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg, Haines and Tenakee Springs have been without our 

village lands. It took over 100 years and several generations before ANCSA became 

reality. 

a) We, the Shx'at Kwaan, first began to petition Washington D.C. 125 years ago when we 

sent attorney Willoughby Clark in 1890 to lobby the president and congress for lands 

improperly taken. 

b) In 1915, (one hundred years ago) the Alaska Native Sisterhood Society Camp 1 was 

formed in Wrangell. 

c) In 1934 (eighty-one years ago) the first meeting of the Tlingit & Haida Central Council 

was held in Wrangell. 

d} In 1954 (sixty-one years ago) William L Paul, Sr. brought suit against the government 

in Tee-Hit-Ton vs. the United States a US Supreme Court case. The Teeyhittaan are 

one of the nine clans from the Shx'at Kwaan (Stikine River Area) and are still Landless 

today. 
908 


Insert offset folio 988 here 98942A.890

e) Ketchikan, Wrangell, Petersburg and Haines were always involved and part of the 

Alaska Native Land Claim efforts, however, for reasons unknown they were left out of 

the village land selections. See ISER report entered into the record by Mr. Barlow. 

It is hard for most people to think in Tlingit terms. You must have a very long term 

perspective. Old growth forests are beautiful indeed and five hundred year old 

trees are impressive, and we have much respect and reverence for them too. But 

please keep in mind our people have been on our lands way before the oldest 

trees in the oldest forests. We were literally here when the mountain tops and 

valley floors were being formed. 

We have been on this land since Time Immemorial. We were here before the ice 

age and again when the ice first receded; we have songs and stories of our 

people going under and over the glacier to get to what is currently our homeland. 

We were here before the great flood and have stories of our people climbing 

mountains to escape the flood waters- we have place names for those 

mountains. Those stories are thousands of years old, but we don't just have 

ancient songs and stories we have scientific proof that our people have been here 

for at least 10,000 years. That is older than Western civilization as we know it. 

We have several other stories about specific places that belonged to specific 

clans. Many of these stories are hundreds of years old, which is older than the 

United States of America. We also have written history since first contact with 

western civilization documented in the ShtaX'heen Kwaan of the Tlingit of 

Southeast Alaska. 1 

To understand the Tlingit and their connection with their land you must understand 

how they viewed things. Everything had a spirit: the mountain tops in our stories 

had spirits that protected our people in our time of need. The sea and the forest 

provided our food on which we subsist on to this day. Our clans owned those 

lands and the waters that sustain us. In Tlingit this is known as at.oow or 

something owned by the clan. 

At.oow are the most prized possessions of a clan. Atoow is literally translated as "an owned 

or purchased object" and can refer to land or sacred sites, celestial bodies such as the moon 

and sun, names, stories, songs, spirits and crests. The rights to these objects or a clan's 

at.oow were acquired through an ancestor. On occasion, the payment involved the death of 

an ancestor. The event in which this occurred may be recorded as a crest or spirit design on 

a physical object or through names, songs and stories. Clan crests and spirit designs are 

socially and spiritually important to the Tlingit.Z 

When you take away our land you have taken away our at.oow, a vital connection 

we have with our spiritual environment. You have cut us off from this spiritual 

relationship with our land and made us spiritually destitute.3 

1 the ShtaX'heen Kwaan of the Tlingit of Southeast Alaska: A literature Review presented to Richard Dauenhauer Phd 

by Joshua T. Ream Fall 2010. Copy attached. 2 Rosita Worl, Introduction to the Tlingit Culture and Repatriation. 

http:l/www.pbs.org/harriman/explog/lectures/worl.html: 

3 Frank Hopper, Indian Country Today, What It Means to be Landless. 

http:l/indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/07/01/what-it-means-be-landless-alaska-native-bill-congress160883 
909 


Insert offset folio 989 here 98942A.891

You have letters in opposition from conservation groups that will tell you this is 

about timber and logging- it is not. To our people this is about healing a deep 

cultural and social wound that was started when the U.S. government troops 

bombed our villages, and enforced laws (such as the Organic Act of 1884) that 

were designed to remove us from our lands. 

The assault on our people started when the United States government claimed 

possession of our lands. It was perpetuated over the years in the name of 

resources development starting with the fur trade, then gold miners, then 

salmon canneries, finally timber in Southeast and Oil to the North. Our people 

have been on record standing up against and fighting this exploitation of our 

homeland. 

We find it ironic that we were left out of the full benefits intended in the Alaska 

Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 due to lobbying efforts from the timber 

industry seeking to protect their long term leases to harvest timber in the 

Tongass National Forest. And in recent history we continue to be denied our 

rightful ownership due to lobbying efforts from conservation groups, both within 

and from outside Alaska, that are worried that we may harvest timber from our 

lands (something the US Forest Service continues to do on a much larger 

scale). No one knows for sure why this ironic circumstance was created, see the 

ISER report, but we do know that only Congress can fix the situation and right 

this long overdue injustice. We ask for your support for S. 872 and a positive 

recommendation to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and then 

on to the full Senate. 

Thank you for hearing our story. I know you will do what is right. Gunalcheesh! 

Richard 'Tashee' Rinehart 

Hit s'aatf 

Shx'at Kwaan Kiks.adi 
910 


Insert offset folio 990 here 98942A.892

I am writing to voice my whole-hearted support of S.872, "the unrecognized Southeast 

Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act," legislation that was 

introduced by Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska. 

I was born and raised in Wrangell, Alaska. My father, James Gillen, was of the 

Taalkweidi tribe of the Thomas Bay area that had settled in Wrangell generations 

before. He was profoundly concerned and involved in the struggle for Wrangell to get 

equal recognition as an ancestral village in Alaska. Even as a child, I was aware of the 

importance of his communications with William Paul (dating back to Paul's efforts on the 

Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act,) his attendance at local meetings, the endless 

hard work taken on by the elders to work through the differences, to understand the 

laws, to stand up for their rights. This was during a time of cultural upheaval and the 

task at hand was of historical importance. 

Like many others, my father had hopes of being able to grow and prosper on our 

aboriginal lands; setbacks in business were often directly related to the fact that he was 

Native. He had dreams for his children and grandchildren to be educated, healthy, 

happy and productive while living and working on the land he and his people had 

always known. Throughout the struggles Wrangell encountered on the ANCSA journey, 

and to being left landless, hope was held out that this wrong would be righted, that our 

voices would be heard. 

My father did not live to see the day in 1994 when it was determined that the villages 

eligibility requirements for forming Native corporations had, indeed, been met; (via the 

congressionally-directed study by the Institute of Social and Economic Research at the 

University of Alaska, which determined that the omission of Wrangell, Haines, 

Ketchikan, Petersburg, and Tenakee from ANCSA was erroneous) 

Yet, still, today we are asking to be recognized. 

Today I am asking for the Senate to be instrumental in setting free a process that has 

been hindered far too long, to grant the permission we seek for moving forward in 

building a future with our heritage flourishing, not extinguishing. 

With these thoughts in mind, I ask for your support in passing this legislation and to help 

bring healing and renewed growth to these regions of the Southeast. Our work will be 

cut out for us, but there are many who are ready, willing and able, and this is one huge 

step in the right direction. 

I thank you, 

Sincerely, 

Celia A. ("Seanne") Gillen Saunders 
911 


Insert offset folio 991 here 98942A.893

*'"" SEALASKA " "'""' 

October 13, 2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

U.S. Senate 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

U.S. Senate 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

RE: Support for S. 872 for the October 8, 2015 Hearing Record 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

Sealaska Corporation is one of 12 Alaska Native Regional Corporations 

established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA). 

Our shareholders are descendants of the original inhabitants of Southeast 

Alaska- the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian people. 

I am writing to convey Sealaska Corporation's strong support for S. 872, which 

would recognize the Native villages of Haines, Petersburg, Ketchikan, Tenakee 

and Wrangell under ANCSA, authorize each village to form an Urban 

Corporation, and provide for the conveyance of one township of land to each 

Urban Corporation. More than forty years after the enactment of ANCSA, it is 

time to redress the inequity endured by the five unrecognized communities of 

Southeast Alaska. 

Alaska Natives from each of the five unrecognized villages have strong historic, 

cultural and familial ties to their traditional homelands. As such, the five 

unrecognized villages are no different from other villages recognized in ANCSA, 

as was illustrated in a 1994 Report prepared at the direction of Congress by 

the Institute of Social and Economic Research at the University of AlaskaAnchorage. A copy of the Report is attached. 

Sealaska • One Sealaska Plaza, Suite 400, Juneau, Alaska 99801-1276 • Tel: 907.586.1512 • Fax: 907.586.2304 
912 


Insert offset folio 992 here 98942A.894

Sealaska Comments RE: S. 872 

October 13, 2015 

Page 2 

The 3,425 Alaska Natives who originally enrolled to Haines, Ketchikan, 

Petersburg, Tenakee, and Wrangell comprised over 20 percent of the Native 

shareholders of Sealaska Corporation when Sealaska incorporated in 1972. 

Although these Sealaska shareholders have received revenue-sharing 

distributions from Sealaska pursuant to section 7(j) of ANCSA, they have not 

had the opportunity to enjoy the social, economic and cultural benefits of being 

shareholders in a Village, Urban, or Group Corporation. The Village and Urban 

Corporations in our region provide additional local economic development, 

employment and cultural benefits beyond that which Sealaska can provide. 

More importantly, Alaska Natives from the five villages have been wrongfully 

deprived of the significant cultural benefits of owning an interest in lands 

located within and around their traditional homelands. 

We greatly appreciated the Subcommittee's effort to hold a hearing on S. 872 

on October 13, 2015. We are particularly grateful to Chair Lisa Murkowski's 

strong assertion of support for the land claims of these five Native villages, and 

for challenging the assertions of an opposing witness. Like Chair Murkowski, 

we reject the suggestion that the five Landless communities have been 

adequately compensated due to their enrollment as Sealaska shareholders. 

There are benefits that Village and Urban corporation shareholders have 

received over the past 40+ years that do not originate from Sealaska, but from 

their own Village or Urban corporations. These benefits include scholarships, 

cultural programs, employment opportunities and financial distributions that 

result from the operations of these Village or Urban corporations. 

We also reject outright the argument that Congress did not include the five 

landless villages in ANCSA because, in 1968, the U.S. Court of Claims awarded 

a $7.5 million settlement to the Tlingit and Haida Indians. The very fact that 

Congress has already created ten Village Corporations, two Urban 

Corporations, and one Regional Corporation in Southeast Alaska and provided 

for the conveyance of land to each of them, contradicts the notion that 

Congress believed that the Tlingits and Haidas had been fully or fairly 

compensated by the 1968 settlement. 

Congress in 1971 gave no reason whatsoever for excluding the five Native 

villages listed in S. 872, which share the same histories and characteristics as 

the other Native villages in Southeast Alaska that were recognized. We think a 

better explanation is found in the literature that describes the economic and 
913 


Insert offset folio 993 here 98942A.895

Sealaska Comments RE: S. 872 

October 13, 2015 

Page 3 

political realities of the time, as documented by Dr. Charles W. Smythe in, "A 

New Frontier: Managing the National Forests in Alaska, 1970-1995" (1995). 

Dr. Smythe describes the Tongass National Forest in the decades prior to the 

passage of ANCSA. Simply put, the Forest Service opposed the recognition of 

traditional Indian use and aboriginal title in much of the Tongass National 

Forest out of concern that Native land ownership would upset the timber 

industry in Southeast Alaska. 

Whatever the reason that Congress excluded our villages from ANCSA in 1971, 

whether purposeful but undisclosed, or unintentional, Congress today can 

remedy the wrong. 

Our people have lived in the area that is now the Tongass National Forest since 

time immemorial. The Tongass is the heart and soul of our history and 

culture. We very much appreciate your commitment to advancing this 

important legislation, which will finalize the aboriginal land claims of the five 

unrecognized Native villages in our region. 

CC: Senator Lisa Murkowski 

Senator Dan Sullivan 

Respectfully, 

SEALASKA CORPORATION 

Anthony Mallott 

President & CEO 

Attachment: ISER Study on the Five Landless Communities 
914 


Insert offset folio 1117 here 98942A1.019

October 13, 2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

U.S. Senate 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

The Honorable Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests & Mining 

U.S. Senate 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Bldg. 

Washington, D.C. 20510 

RE: Comments on S. 1955 for the October 8, 2015 Hearing Record 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

Sealaska Corporation is one of 12 Alaska Native Regional Corporations 

established pursuant to the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (ANCSA) of 

1971. Sealaska's nearly 22,000 shareholders are descendants of the original 

Native inhabitants of Southeast Alaska - the Tlingit, Haida and Tsimshian 

people. 

I am writing to convey Sealaska's strong support for S. 1955, a bill to amend 

ANCSA to provide for equitable allotment of land to Alaska Native Vietnam-era 

veterans. Unfortunately, due to their service to the United States, many Native 

veterans did not have the opportunity to apply for a 160-acre allotment prior to 

the enactment of ANCSA, which repealed the Native Allotment Act. One of our 

Sealaska Board members, William "Bill" Thomas is a Vietnam Veteran, and we 

stand behind him and other Alaska Native veterans on this issue. 

In 1998, Congress amended ANCSA to provide many Alaska Native Vietnamera veterans an opportunity to obtain an allotment of up to 160 acres of land 

under the Native Allotment Act. Unfortunately, several obstacles emerged that 

prevented many Native veterans from selecting and obtaining their allotments, 

including: 1) the land applied for must be "vacant, unappropriated and 

Sealaska • One Sealaska Plaza, Suite 400, Juneau, Alaska 99801-1276 • Tel: 907.586.1512 • Fax: 907.586.2304 
915 


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Sealaska Comments on S. 1955 

October 13.2015 

Page 2 

unreserved" when the applicant first began using the land; 2) an applicant 

could only apply if in active military duty between January 1, 1969- December 

31, 1971; and 3) the applicant must demonstrate continuous and independent 

use of the site for five or more years, which was not required for any other 

Alaska Native allotment applicants. 

The first obstacle prohibited Native Veterans allotment selections in much of 

Alaska, and ALL of Southeast Alaska because of the creation of the Tongass 

National Forest in 1907. This language essentially created an empty right for 

Native veteran allotment selections in many instances. 

The Bill currently before the subcommittee at least attempts to address two of 

those primary obstacles for potential Alaska Native Veteran allotment 

applicants. First, S. 1955 aims to increase the available land for allotments by 

authorizing selection of any federally-owned vacant land. While there 

continues to be some limitations to protect conservation areas, this new 

language certainly provides more flexibility. Second, S. 1955 expands the 

military service dates to coincide with the entire Vietnam conflict, August 5, 

1964 to May 7, 1975. 

We appreciate your commitment to advancing S. 1955, which addresses those 

issues left unresolved in the 1998 amendment to ANCSA and provides redress 

for a legislative oversight that unfairly marginalized our Alaska Native veterans. 

These Alaska Native veterans at least deserve this consideration for their 

tremendous service to this country. 

CC: Senator Lisa Murkowski 

Senator Dan Sullivan 

Respectfully, 

SEALASKA CORPORATION 

Anthony Mallett 

President & CEO 
916 


Insert offset folio 1119 here 98942A1.021

Preserving redwood forests 

since 1900 

Executive Director 

Reed !ioldernldr> 

Director of Finance 

PiltrickG1bbons 

Director of Development 

Mithacl Kawafek 

Director of Donor Relations 

Came Drake 

Soard of Directors 

RobNll. Kdll 

Dan Martin 

Amanda Monttet 

Cr<11gNeyman 

M<1r1naPark 

Kent Putnam 

Aust1n Swtft 

Dl;.lneTa!bert 

Stephen N. Wyckoff, J.D. 

Science Advisory Panel 

Anthony R. Ambrose, Ph.D. Chair 

Pht!ippe S Cohten, Ph D 

Founding Directors 

Andrew P. H1!1 

Claude A "'Tony" Look 

Dorothy Varian 

419 South San Antonio Rd. Stc. 211 

W'NW.~emperv1rens.org 

October 5, 2015 

Senator Lisa Murkowski, Chairman 

Senator Maria Cantwell, Ranking Member 

Energy and Natural Resources Committee Office 

304 Dirksen Senate Building 

Washington, DC 20510 

Dear Chairman Murkowski and Ranking Member Cantwell, 

We submit this letter on behalf of Sempervirens Fund in support of Senator 

Boxer's bill, S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act that 

is on the Senate Energy and Natural Resources Committee's Subcommittee on 

Public Lands agenda for Thursday, October 8, 2015. 

Sempervirens Fund, California's oldest land trust, is deeply involved in the CotoniCoast Dairies National Monument Campaign and we are thrilled to have this 

property considered as a unit of the California Coastal National Monument. We 

find this inclusion fitting since six creeks flow through the 5,800-acre Cotoni-Coast 

Dairies property and into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The lands 

were inhabited for thousands of years by the Cotoni tribe and there are four 

registered ancestral Native American archaeological sites documented on the 

property eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places, and many 

more sites may still be identified. And the property's diverse ecosystems provide 

habitat for a variety of rare or special-status species like steelhead, coho salmon, 

red-legged frogs and mountain lions. 

We feel strongly that Cotoni-Coast Dairies be part of the California Coastal 

National Monument Expansion Act to make it a conservation priority among 

BLM's extensive landholdings throughout the country. With its dramatic vistas, 

culture, history and flora and fauna it is a public treasure that merits the highest 

level of permanent federal protection and should be accessible to the public for 

recreation and nature-based educational opportunities. 

Sincerely, 

Fred Keeley, Board President Reed Holderman, Executive Director 
917 


Insert offset folio 1120 here 98942A1.022

SIERRA 

CLUB 

FOUNDED 1892 

October 7, 2015 

Dear Senator: 

On behalf of our 2.4 million members and supporters, the Sierra Club urges you to support the California 

Coastal National Monument Expansion Act, S. 1971, sponsored by Senator Barbara Boxer. The bill will 

have a hearing in the Energy and Natural Resources Committee on Thursday, October 8, 2015. 

Sen. Boxer's legislation will add more than 6,200 acres to the existing California Coastal National 

Monument. The expansion will protect areas that feature stunning views of the Pacific Ocean, historic 

lighthouses, Native American archeological sites, and a variety of diverse ecological habitats along the 

coast. 

Six creeks and associated wetlands flow through the area and into the Monterey Bay National Marine 

Sanctuary offshore. Vegetation types range from coastal grasslands to oak woodlands and redwood 

forests. The property's diverse ecosystems provide habitat for a variety of rare or special-status species 

like steelhead, coho salmon, red-legged frogs and mountain lions, and expansive hillsides offer dramatic 

vistas of the Pacific coastline and Monterey Bay. Finally, the bill will redesignate Piedras Blancas Light 

Station as a National Monument 

In addition to environmental values, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act will 

protect lands once inhabited by Native Americans known as the "Cotoni," part of the larger cultural 

sphere of Ohlone Indians in the San Francisco and Monterey Bay region. Currently, four registered 

ancestral Native American archaeological sites have been documented in the area, and many more may 

still be identified through a formal archaeological survey. 

For all of the above reasons, the Sierra Club urges you to support and advance the California Coastal 

National Monument Expansion Act as quickly as possible. Thank you for your consideration. 

Sincerely, 

Athan Manuel 

Director, Lands Protection Program 
918 


Insert offset folio 1121 here 98942A1.023

NORTH UMPQUA RIVER 

OREGON 

October 8, 2015 

To: Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, sub-committee on Public Lands, 

Forests, and Mining 

Subj: Steamboaters Testimony in Support of the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Act of 

2015 (S.B. 1448) 

Dear Committee members, 

The Steam boaters are a conservation organization that has, among others, a mission to 

preserve, promote, and restore the unique aesthetic values, the natural production of wild 

fish populations, and the habitat that sustains these fish on the North Umpqua River. 

Frank and Jeanne Moore are founding members of the Steamboaters, and we are pleased 

to announce that we will celebrate the 501

h anniversary of our organization in 2016. On 

this auspicious occasion, nothing could be more fitting than to recognize the 

accomplishments of these remarkable people by permanently protecting an important part 

of their home waters as proposed in the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary. The 

Steamboaters are proud to provide our full support to the proposed legislation. 

This legislation would provide additional protection to approximately 100,000 acres of 

high value lands and streams in the Steamboat Creek watershed. Protected and enhanced 

values include the natural character, scientific use, botanical resources, recreation, scenic, 

cultural and fisheries values. For the fisheries resources, this action would further 

enhance wild salmon and steelhead habitat, especially the critical and unique thermal 

refuge it provides for one of, if not the, largest summer steelhead runs in the country. 

Steamboat Creek also provides high quality habitat for winter steelhead, coho salmon, 

rainbow and cutthroat trout, and a variety of native, non-game fish. 

Steamboat Creek was recognized as a "Tier I Key Watershed" under the Northwest 

Forest Plan and most of the land in the area was also designated as "Late Successional 

Reserve". Additionally, the State of Oregon has recognized the area as a priority 

"Conservation Opportunity Area" and "Crucial Aquatic Habitat" by the Oregon 

Department of Fish and Wildlife. Despite the recognition of the extraordinary resource 

values contained there, the area only enjoys administrative protections at this time. In the 

last 20+ years, the Umpqua National Forest, which manages nearly all of the proposed 

sanctuary, has done a tremendous job in protecting and enhancing the resources, but this 

could dramatically change with a new round of forest planning. Senator Wyden's 
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proposed legislation would remedy this lack of stability by elevating the status as a 

Sanctuary which would provide guidance, and hopefully, resources to the U.S. Forest 

Service. We note that the proposed legislation would allow active management in the 

Sanctuary, if consistent with the ecological objectives of the designation. We hope this 

designation will demonstrate that active management on national forest land can protect 

and enhance fisheries values, while producing jobs and commodities. 

In summary, the Steamboaters enthusiastically support the Frank Moore Wild Steelhead 

Sanctuary Act of2015 (SB 1448) and urge Congress and the President to join Sens. 

Wyden and Merkley to enact the designation expeditiously into law. 

Thank you for the opportunity to comment. 

/s/Steamboaters Board of Directors 

Tim Goforth, President 
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Ripchens!cy. Darla (Energy) 

From: 

Sent: 

To: 

Subject: 

Importance: 

Darla 

AI Stein <bugadi@comcast.net> 

Thursday, October 22, 2015 12:03 PM 

Ripchensky, Darla (Energy) 

For the Record my comments on two bills at Oct 8th hearing S 872 and S 1955 

High 

Please place this email in the Record regarding two bills heard on October 8th, 2015 by the Committee: 

S 872 "Unrecognized Southeast Alaska Native Communities Recognition and Compensation 

Act", 

S 1955 "Alaska Native Veterans Land Allotment Equity Act". 

I am oppose passage of either S 872 and S 1955. 

The Alaska Native Claim Settlement Act of 1971 was supposed to finally settle all claims natives had 

to federal land. 

I believe in the finality of deals. In 2014, the Sealaska Lands Bill was promoted by Senator Murkowski 

and Senator Wyden as finally settling all claims natives had in SE Alaska. 

Ten months latter the committee is asked to again amend ANCSA. 

Regarding S 872, the named native communities were not entitled to any land in ANCSA for a very 

good reason, but the individuals in Ketchikan, Petersburg etc have been compensated for more than 

four decades, in an amount of cash that is more than other Natives in the villages received. 

The reason the natives who assimilated in towns such as Ketchikan etc did not get land is rooted in a 

legal process which is explained in Alaska Governor Gruenings' The State of Alaska. 

Gruening described a Federal Judge who in the 1940s held hearings in a Native Village in Alaska and 

took testimony from Alaskan Native Villagers, and the Federal judge found that only that land then 

occupied by native villages could be compensation under long standing US precedent 

The villages named in ANCSA were shown to still be occupying land in the the 1940s, In Te Hit Ton, 

another Federal Judge made a similar ruling. Excluded from have a right to claim compensation were 

those natives who had abandoned their ancestral village lands more than 50 years prior to the 1940s. 

Hence ANCSA without exception allowed Natives to select land from the Sections of land surrounding 

their villages. However, the Sealaska Lands Bill broke that precedent last year. 

There can be no compensation when there is abandonment That is a bedrock legal precedent that 

this bill will violate, 
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In the case of Ketchikan Natives who arrived in Ketchikan from Koinglas, Howkan, Kassan, and other 

Haida villages on Prince of Wales Island, a Christian education and an American cultural identity was 

sought These individuals abandoned their land. Other Haidas who established themselves in the 

new Hydaburg were compensated in land by ANCSA. The natives who moved to Ketchikan 

completely abandoned their ancient lands voluntarily and they therefore were compensated 

generously for four decades only with money, not land. They should not get land now over four 

decades after the initial deal was struck. 

In the case of Wrangell, Natives arrived from Salmon and Red Bays and from Kiku Island for the 

same reasons by the 1890s. They too abandoned their lands. 

In the case of Petersburg, there was only a few Natives present in the 1900 when Norwegians arrived 

and land was purchased or abandoned. 

In the case of Haines, the corporation that represents them already got a section of land in the 

Tongass National Forest although the Federal government did not take any of their lands. It is absurd 

to give Haines Natives compensation in land now 

Therefore Congress should not create rights where there is no valid legal claim and Congress should 

not upset long standing legal precent for compensation to Alaska Natives. 

I am also alarmed that the legislation proposes to give any infrastructure taxpayers built on federal 

land. There were no roads or log dumps on the land when the so called landless natives abandoned 

their land 

Sincerely, 

Alan Stein 

Mendocino, California 
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October 17,2016 

Darla Ripchensky 

Chief Clerk 

Committee on Energy and Natural Resources 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

Washington, DC 20S104 

Dear Ms. Ripchensky: 

I am writing urging your support for H.R. 2386 introduced by Congressman Don Young of Alaska and 

S.872 introduced by Senator Lisa Murkowski of Alaska, entitled "the Unrecognized Southeast Alaska 

Native Communities Recognition and Compensation Act. For over 40 years 5 Alaska Native Communities 

in Southeast Alaska, (Haines, Tenakee, Petersburg, Wrangell and Ketchikan) have fought to gain rightful 

inclusion as Native Village Corporations under the Alaska Native Settlement Act of 1971. For unknown 

reasons the five landless communities all of which are historic native communities were left out of the 

final settlement act as it was adopted. This has been devastating to the moral, social and economic 

wellbeing of the Native Southeast Alaskans who have called these villages home since time immemorial. 

Unlike other Alaska Native villages that were recognized under ANSCA, our communities have not been 

able to use the tools provided by ANSCA to create an economic engine by utilizing resources our lands 

offered to promote the wellbeing of our tribal members. While others have been able to offer jobs, 

educational, and social programs for their members we have not. Many of our Elder's have now passed 

on without realizing the benefits of the settlement act which was meant to compensate Alaska Natives 

for the vast amounts of land taken from our traditional homelands. It is time to right this wrong, not 

only for the current generation, but also for our children and grandchildren into the future. 

Granting recognition to the 5 landless communities not only will benefit our native tribal members, but 

also will benefit all residents of these communities by providing new opportunities that all can be a part 

of; I strongly urge you to support this legislation and remedy the grave injustice our people have 

endured. 

Sincerely, 

Bruce Ward 

Lloyd Ward 

Sheila Short 

(We are all siblings that were raised in Wrangell) 
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October 7, 2015 

The Honorable John Barrasso 

Chairman 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests and Mining 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20215 

----THE----

WILDERNESS 

S 0 C IE T YThe Honorable Ron Wyden 

Ranking Member 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, 

Forests and Mining 

304 Dirksen Senate Office Building 

United States Senate 

Washington, DC 20215 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member Wyden: 

Thank you for scheduling this hearing on these important bills regarding the California desert 

and the California coast. 

The Wilderness Society is a national non-profit conservation organization founded in 1935 with 

over 500,000 members and supporters. Our mission is to protect wilderness and inspire 

Americans to care for our wild places. 

The Wilderness Society supports S. 414, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

of 2015, and S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act. Further we 

appreciate the tremendous work of Senator Feinstein and Senator Boxer not only in crafting 

these balanced bills, but more broadly for their remarkable accomplishments preserving 

America's natural heritage. 

The first of these bills, the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act, would make great 

strides in advancing protection of one of North America's largest, primarily intact landscapes, 

the California desert. 

From Joshua tree forests to endless acres of spring wildflowers, from inhospitable salt flats to 

life giving streams, the California desert is a remarkable and fragile place containing a diverse 

array of habitats critical to a multitude of plants and animals, including such noted species as 

bighorn sheep, Mohave ground squirrel, and desert tortoise. 

250 Montgomery Street, Suite 210, San Francisco, CA 94104 I ph 415 398-1111 ! wilderness.org 
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2 

This landscape offers a wide range of recreational opportunities, generates substantial 

economic benefits for local communities through tourism, and provides much needed 

renewable energy. And these lands also connect us with our past as they contain many 

significant Native American sites, relics from America's pioneer history, and even noteworthy 

traces of our 20'h century progress, such as historic Route 66. 

The California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act comprehensively protects these many 

values- natural, cultural, recreational, economic, and energy related- in a balanced bill which 

has broad and diverse support. 

Title I of the bill would designate two new national monuments, create six wilderness areas and 

add to others, protect over 70 miles of wild and scenic rivers, and designate a special 

management area and a national scenic area. It would also expand Death Valley and Joshua 

Tree National Parks and the Mojave National Preserve. 

The new monuments and BLM wilderness will be important additions to the National 

Conservation Lands and expansion of the national park units will continue our nation's tradition 

of protecting our most spectacular natural treasures. 

It is important to note that none of the areas proposed for conservation conflict with areas of 

federal land that have been designated or are being proposed for renewable energy 

development. Additionally, the proposed national monuments would accommodate future 

transmission capacity within existing corridors if necessary. 

The bill also designates five new off-highway vehicle recreation areas which would permanently 

give off-road vehicle users places to ride. Though The Wilderness Society is not supportive of 

permanent designation of off-highway vehicle areas, the bill as written enables the BLM to 

manage these areas in a manner that protects their natural resources and non-motorized 

recreational opportunities. 

Ideally, The Wilderness Society would like to see a few refinements to Title I as the bill moves 

through the legislative process. These include Section 1503{b) which would release all85,000 

acres of the Cady Mountains Wilderness Study Area. Though the bulk of the released acreage 

would be within the Mojave Trails National Monument, the management language for the 

national monument would leave this area at risk from new motorized vehicle routes. TWS 

would strongly prefer to see this area remain a WSA or be designated wilderness. Another is 

Section 1603 {b) which designates off-highway vehicle routes by map as opposed to a 

management plan and prohibits the permanent closure of any off-highway vehicle routes 

within the special management area. It is our strong belief that the BLM should be allowed to 

actively manage off-highway vehicle use within the special management area and that this 

authority include permanent closure of routes if necessary to prevent natural or cultural 

resource damage or ensure public safety. 
925 


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3 

Title II of this bill would support the nation's progress toward clean energy to help combat the 

effects of climate change. As is common practice for other forms of energy development on 

federal lands and waters, S.414 directs revenues collected from wind and solar projects on 

public lands to local communities and into a conservation fund which together will help build 

allies for clean energy projects in the areas most affected by development. 

In establishing the conservation fund, S.414 makes a strong commitment to ensuring natural 

resource conservation is done in concert with building new infrastructure. This fund will help 

restore and protect fish and wildlife habitat, connect Americans to the outdoors, and support 

local stewardship projects on our public lands. In the face of budget declines, these funds are 

essential to keep pace with the new challenges facing federal land managers. These 

conservation investments would not supplant or compete with traditional mitigation, but 

would instead create the opportunity to improve our lands and waters as we develop energy 

resources. We look forward to continuing to work with Senator Feinstein and members of this 

committee to ensure that the fund supports a range of conservation activities in the areas 

where energy is developed, given the geographic range of wind and solar projects across the 

west. 

The bill also creates a system that returns a portion of revenue from wind and solar to 

improving permitting that can help make it more efficient to review and process applications. 

These funds would support the data collection, monitoring and planning activities essential to 

smart permitting decisions, and would be available for transfer to cooperating agencies as well. 

This provision mimics the Permit Process Improvement Fund already available for oil and gas 

projects. 

In sum, The Wilderness Society supports the California Desert Conservation and Recreation Act 

as it is a balanced bill that would protect this outstanding area and its many values while also 

helping advance renewable energy. 

Regarding S. 1971, the California Coastal National Monument Expansion Act, The Wilderness 

Society is very appreciative of the leadership Senator Boxer and Senator Feinstein have shown 

in moving forward with this important legislation. We are strongly supportive of this measure 

which seeks to improve upon one of our nation's crown jewels by making it more accessible to 

the general public. 

The California Coastal National Monument (CCNM) consists mostly of offshore rocks and islands 

and while spectacularly beautiful and providing for outstanding wildlife habitat, is difficult to 

access. By adding the five additional land based footholds and building on the opportunity 

created by the recent Stornetta Public Lands expansion, opportunities will open up for visitors 

to get out on the ground and experience this natural wonder in a more visceral way. These 

additions range up and down the coast to provide a diverse array of experiences for visitors to 

the coast. Additionally, the one offshore site in Orange County provides important wildlife 

habitat and deserves to be part of CCNM as well. 
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4 

Inclusion of these areas in CCNM would provide enhanced management and highlight the 

cultural, historical and scientific values they contain. The increased visibility these areas would 

gain would also help to boost tourism in nearby communities. By adding them to the Bureau of 

Land Management's National Conservation Lands, opportunities to restore habitat and protect 

water quality by placing them under one management plan will arise as well as the ability to 

coordinate the distribution of available resources including eligibility for Land and Water 

Conservation funding. 

We thank California's Senators for their vision and leadership in bringing this legislation forward 

for consideration. 

Chairman Barrasso and members of the subcommittee, thank you for your consideration of our 

comments and we look forward to working with you to advance these important bills. 

Sincerely, 

Dan Smuts 

Senior Regional Director for Conservation, California 
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October 7~ 2015 

Chairman John Barrasso 

Senate Committee on Energy & Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

Ranking Member Ron \Xiyden 

Senate Commhtee on Energy & Natural Resources 

Subcommittee on Public Lands, Forests, and Mining 

Subject: S. 1448, Frank Moore Wild Steelhead Sanctuary Designation Act 

Dear Chairman Barrasso and Ranking Member \Xlydcn, 

I am writing on behalf of the Wild Stcelhead Coalition (WSC) to express our strong support of S. 1448, the Frank 

Moore \Xlild Steelhcad Sanctuary Desit,rnation Act. Not only would this legislation conserve one of the most 

remarkable salmonid sanctuaries in the United States, hut it would also honor an American war hero and 

conservation icon. 1 can think of no one more \\'orthy of this distinction than Frank Moore, a man who embodies 

the greatest of the Greatest Generation. 

From the beaches of Normandy to the banks of Oregon's Umpqua River, Frank Moore has utilized his seemingly 

endless supply of courage and conviction to fight for what he holds most dear. With a force of will as mighty as the 

rivers that carve up Oregon's lands, he has defeated foes on the field of battle and created conservation allies 

throughout his homeland. All the while, Frank has maintained a warmth, openness, and kindness that have made 

him universally beloved. 

For steelhcad aficionados, Frank Moore, the N. Umpqua, and its remarkable steclhead are legends tl1at are 

inextricably linked. It is only fitting that the 104,000-acre Steamboat Creek Watershed home to Frank and theN. 

Cmpqua's critical spawning habitat- is designated as the Frank Moore \X'ild Steelhcad Sanctuary: a sanctuary that 

will honor Frank's extraordinary legacy and conserve his beloved steelhcad for future generations. 

In honor of his lifetime of work protecting wild fish and rivers, the \~'ild Steelhead Coalition has bestowed Frank 

with our organization's t\vo highest honors. First, WSC named Frank an Honorary Ufetime Member as a tribute to 

his work with the film "Pass Creek" and the groundbreaking changes in logging practices that resulted from the film 

and Frank's tireless advocacy. Then, in 2008, Frank was awarded the \Xi'ild Steclhead Coalition's Conservation 

Award, which honored his efforts over more than half a century to conserve wild steclhead and their waters. 

The Wild Stcelhead Coalition is far from alone in its efforts to honor Frank's legacy. In addition to the 

aforementioned awards, Frank has received the National Wildlife Pederation Sears Roebuck Foundation's 

Conservationist of the Year Award, Izaak \X1

alton League's Beaver Award for Conservation Achievement, Anders 

Award for \X'ild Trout Management, Lifetime Achievement Award from the Audubon Society, Conservation Award 

of the Year from Umpqua \'X-'atcrsheds, and numerous others. 

Despite this laundry list of accolades, the \X'ild Steelhead Coalition believes these awards fail to sufficiently honor 

Frank Moore - the lives and lands he has touched are far grander than a litany of plaques and accolades. Only an 

honor as special as the creation of the Frank Moore Wild Steclhead Sanctuary could properly pay homage to a man 

as exceptional, inspiracional, and unique as the rivers and fish Frank has spent his life conserving. 

218 Main Street Box #264, Kirkland, WA 98033 I wildsteelheadcoalition.org 
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Thank you for your consideration of this request. \X!c strongly hope you and your subcommittee will take the 

necessary steps to ensure that the Frank Moore \Vlld Steelhead Sanctuary becomes a reality. 

Sincerely, 

Jonathan Stumpf 

Chair of Board of Directors 

\'\liJd Steelhcad Coalition 

218 Main Street Box #264, Kirkland, WA 98033 I wildsteelheadcoalition,org 

0