# Patent

## Title
Multiple degrees of freedom connectors and adapters

## Abstract

Connector devices that provide multiple degrees of freedom of motion between a first connector head and additional connector heads and/or electronic devices are described. The multiple degrees of freedom of motion permit motion in one or both of two planes and, perhaps, rotation about an axis in a controlled and fixed manner. Such connector devices allow peripheral devices to be folded or rotated in close proximity to a hosting device. Connector devices that incorporate circuitry for implementing distribution/hub functionality are also described.

## Background
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 10/619,535, which is incorporated by reference, to which priority is claimed, and which claims the benefit of a U.S. provisional patent applications entitled “Electrical or Optical Connector Adapter with Rotational Mechanisms,” Ser. Nos. 60/400,792 (filed on 2 Aug. 2002), 60/416,569 (filed on 7 Oct. 2002) and 60/438,467 (filed on 7 Jan. 2003) by the same inventor.


BACKGROUND
The invention relates generally to connectors and adapters and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to connectors and adapters that provide multiple degrees of freedom of motion for coupling electronic components.
A large variety of electronic (including electro-optical) devices are currently available on the market. Many of these devices need to be interconnected to other devices to be more useful or desirable. For example, a user may want to connect their notebook computer to an external memory device, a digital camera, MP3 player or a modem. To interconnect these various devices users have traditionally needed a variety of different connectors and/or adaptors. When in use, these connectors and adaptors extend from the hosting device making it difficult or impossible to place the hosting device and/or the connected peripheral device in a desired position. In addition, connectors that extend from a housing (host or peripheral) are prone to breakage, bad connections or damage to the connected device or the hosting device itself. In a desktop environment, these problems may be tolerable in so far as the host device and the connector/adapter may be placed in a location out of harms way. In a mobile environment however (e.g., a notebook or handheld computer, a cellular telephone and a digital camcorder), the use of connectors and/or adaptors that extend from the base unit's body are particularly troublesome.
These problems are particularly problematic for the newest types of small devices designed to be directly interfaced to host devices. Illustrative small devices include, but are not limited to, card readers, BlueTooth, networking and biometric devices. Many of these small devices have connector heads attached directly to the bodies of the devices. In some cases the small device cannot be successfully interfaced to a host device due to the physical conflicts between the housing of the host device and the small device. For example, the orientation of a connector head on a notebook computer may not match the orientation of the connector head on a memory card device. Another common problem is that the host device connector head/socket is oriented in such a manner that the peripheral device (e.g., a card reader) cannot be plugged into the host without creating physically conflicts with other devices or infrastructure (e.g., a wall or seat).
Some prior art devices provide connectors that allow one degree of freedom of motion—motion that may partially reduce the aforementioned problems. Some prior art devices, for example, are able to bend, i.e. rotate along an axis that is perpendicular to the direction that one connector head is inserted into another connector head to make a connection. These connectors allow a hosting device and a peripheral device to be joined in places or situations where fixed connectors would not. Other prior art connectors may allow peripheral device connector head to rotate or spin such that a host and a peripheral device may be connected even if the connector head on the peripheral device has a different horizontal or vertical orientation from that of the host device. All these devices, however, continue to extend the coupled device in a predetermined orientation away from the hosting device.
Thus, it would be beneficial to provide a mechanism that would allow one or more devices to be coupled through an arbitrary and fixable orientation and which allow devices to be coupled in a low-profile manner. Such a mechanism would overcome physical connection constraints present in current connectors and adaptors.
SUMMARY
In one embodiment, the invention provides a connector having multiple degrees of freedom of movement. The connector comprises a first connector head having an axis, a second connector head and a connection mechanism coupling the first and second connector heads, wherein the connection mechanism is adapted to limit the motion of the second connector head (relative to the first connector head) in a first plane substantially coincident with the axis and in a second plane substantially orthogonal to the axis. The connector may further comprise additional connector heads, an electronic device and/or an additional connection mechanism to permit rotation of the second connector head and/or electronic device about the axis. In some embodiments the additional connector heads or electronic device may move independent of one another while, in other embodiments, they move coincident with one another. In still other embodiments, connectors in accordance with the invention may be incorporated within electronic devices. In yet other embodiments, the second connector head may be at a fixed angle relative to the first connector head.
Connectors in accordance with some embodiments of the invention provide connector heads that may be fixedly set in a user-preferred position—a position that changes only on affirmative action by a user. Connectors in accordance with the invention may implement any desired connector head. Illustrative connector head types include, but are not limited to, Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, video monitor and serial connector heads. Further, connectors in accordance with the invention may employ different connector head styles (e.g., USB and serial connector heads) within a single connector apparatus. Connectors in accordance with the invention may be embodied in electrical or electro-optical connectors and may further be incorporated within devices such as, for example, memory devices (e.g., flash memory disk, magnetic disk drive and optical disk drive peripherals), card readers (e.g., secure data and multimedia cards) and communication devices (e.g., wireless modem and standard modem peripherals).



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIGS. 1A through 1C illustrate a right-handed coordinate system.
FIGS. 2A and 2B show a connector in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 3A shows an electronic device coupled to a host device via a prior art connector, while FIG. 3B shows the electronic device coupled to the host device via a connector in accordance with FIGS. 2A and 2B.
FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the invention wherein one connector head is integral to an electronic device.
FIGS. 5A and 5B show a connector in accordance with another embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 6A and 6B show yet a connector in accordance with yet another embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 7A and 7B show a connector assembly in accordance with the invention that incorporates an electronic device.
FIGS. 8A and 8B show a connector in accordance with still another embodiment of the invention.
FIGS. 9, 10, 11 and 12 show connectors in accordance with additional embodiments of the invention.
FIGS. 13A and 13B show a connector in accordance with the invention incorporated within a host device.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The invention relates generally to connectors and adaptors and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to mechanisms that provide two or more degrees of freedom for coupling two or more devices in an arbitrary and fixable orientation. The following embodiments of the invention, described in terms of Universal Serial Bus (USB) connectors and adaptors, are illustrative only and are not to be considered limiting in any respect. To facilitate the following discussion, the standard right-hand coordinate system shown in FIG. 1A through 1C is hereby adopted.
In one embodiment of the invention, two-degree of freedom USB connector 200 allows motion in both the Y-Z plane (side view, FIG. 2A) and the X-Z plane (top view 2B). In this embodiment, connector 200 has male connector head 205 and female connector head 210. Between connector heads 205 and 210 are two connection mechanisms 215 and 220. Mechanism 215 allows connector head 210 to rotate in the Y-Z plane, while mechanism 220 allows connector head 210 to rotate in the X-Z plane. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, rotational mechanism 215 has an approximately ±90′ range of motion relative to the long axis of connector head 205. As illustrated in FIG. 2B, rotational mechanism 220 allows rotation of connector 210 in the X-Z plane of up to approximately 120° (clockwise or counterclockwise). In use, connector 200 may be used to couple a hosting device (e.g., a notebook computer) via connector head 205 to a peripheral device (e.g., a portable USB device) via connector head 210. In accordance with connector 200, the peripheral device may be folded and/or rotated in close proximity to the hosting device. While connector heads 205 and 210 are illustrated as being standard USB connector heads, this is not required. For example, connector heads 205 and 210 could be a mini-USB connector heads. In addition, connector heads 205 and 210 could be different “style” connector heads. For example, connector head 205 could be a standard USB connector head while connector head 210 could be a Serial connector head, a mini-USB, etc.
In another embodiment, one or both of mechanisms 215 and 220 provide a fixedly adjustable positioning mechanism. That is, either or both of mechanisms 215 and 220 may be designed to retain a user-specified position and to hold that position until affirmatively altered. In these embodiments, an applied external force is required to place mechanisms 215 and 220 in a first position, wherein the weight of the connector heads and/or stand-alone device would not generally be sufficient to rotate either mechanism 215 or 220. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize there are many means to implement this feature. For example, a hinge for rotation and friction for holding a connector in place is one means. Another means may use two mating planar surfaces to keep the rotation motion along a predetermined track or path and also increase the surface area for more stationary friction when a desirable position is reached. A third means could use a ball and socket universal joint similar in function to those used in conventional shower-heads.
FIG. 3A illustrates the use of prior art USB connector 300 to couple memory device 305 to host computer 310. As shown, memory device 305 extends a significant distance out from host computer 310. As a result, host computer 310 must be placed further away from external obstacles than may be desired or possible and is subject to breakage as indicated above. In contrast, when memory device 305 is coupled to host computer 310 through connector 200, memory device 305 may be rotated in both the Y-Z (via mechanism 215) and X-Z (via mechanism 220) planes to conveniently place memory device 305 (or any peripheral) in close proximity to host computer 310.
In accordance with another embodiment of the invention, connector head 210 may be fixedly coupled or integral to a functional unit such as, for example, an electronic device. Illustrative electronic devices include, but are not limited to, card readers, memory devices and wireless network devices. FIGS. 4A and 4B, for example, illustrate an embodiment in which connector 400 comprises a standard USB connector head 205 while the second connector head (e.g., connector head 210 of FIG. 2) is integral to electronic device 405. By way of example, and as noted above, electronic device 405 could be a card reader, memory device or wireless network device.
In yet another embodiment (see FIGS. 5A and 5B), USB connector 500 provides mechanism 505 for rotational motion in the Y-Z plane in a manner as illustrated in FIG. 2A (mechanism 215) and mechanism 510 for rotation of connector head 515 about the Z axis. In the illustrated embodiment, mechanism 510 provides approximately 359° of rotation about the Z axis.
In still another embodiment, mechanism 510 may be incorporated into connector 200 to provide three degrees of motion. As shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, connector 600 permits connector heads 605 and 610 to be rotated about the Z-axis via mechanism 615, rotated in the Y-Z plane via mechanism 620 and rotated in the X-Z plane via mechanism 625. One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize and appreciate that connector 600 could be incorporated into an electronic device in a manner described above with respect to connector 200 (see FIG. 4).
In one embodiment of the invention, the fixed device capability of FIG. 4 may be combined with the connector of FIG. 2, 5 or 6 to provide an apparatus having a device (e.g., a fixed memory device or a card reader) and a second connector head. Referring now to FIG. 7, connector 700 provides connectivity through host connector head 705 to both device 710 and second connector head 715. In the illustrated embodiment, device 710 and connector head 715 may move independent of one another via mechanism 725. In another embodiment, however, device 710 and connector head 715 may be mechanically coupled so that they move coincident with one another—that is, together. For convenience, FIG. 7 illustrates the functional combination of FIGS. 2 and 4 only. One of ordinary skill in the art will understand that mechanism 510 (see FIG. 5) may also be incorporated into connector 700 to provide an additional degree motion.
Referring to FIG. 8, in yet another embodiment of the invention connector 800 allows a plurality of devices to be coupled to a single host system in a “hub” configuration. A side view of connector 800 is shown in FIG. 8A. A top view of connector 800 is shown in FIG. 8B. As shown, male connector head 805 may couple directly to a host system (e.g., a notebook or desk-top computer system) while female connector heads 810 and 815 may be coupled to peripheral devices. (One of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that connector heads 810 and 815 do not need to be female. One of 810 and 815 may be male and the other may be female.) Similar to mechanism 215 in FIG. 2, mechanism 820 provides rotation in the Y-Z plane. Similar to mechanism 220, mechanism 825 provides rotation in the X-Z plane for each of connector heads 810 and 815 independently of one another. In one embodiment, connector 800 acts as a USB hub with the necessary circuitry to implement the hub function enclosed within, for example, mechanism 825. Embodiments in accordance with connector 800, allow a single device to provide connectivity to two peripherals, both of which may be retained in close proximity to the host device without interference with the host device, one another or a component in the external environment. One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that connector 800 could also incorporate mechanism 510 of FIG. 5 to provide a mechanism permitting three degrees of motion.
Additional embodiments of a connector/adapter in accordance with the invention are shown in FIGS. 9 through 12. In FIG. 9, connector 900 comprises male connector head 905 that is fixedly oriented at 90° to female connector head 910, where connector mechanism 915 provides rotation of connector head 910 in the X-Z plane. It will be recognized that connector 900 may also provide multiple connector capability similar to that illustrated in FIG. 8, albeit in a plane orthogonal to the plane of connector head 905. FIGS. 10A and 10B illustrate two embodiments in which rotational control of one or more connector heads in all planes is achieved by use of a goose-neck or flexible jointed pipe 1000. FIG. 11 illustrates a connector similar to that shown in FIG. 2, except that one end of connector 1100 is coupled to cable 1105 rather than another connector head. Similarly, FIG. 12 illustrates a connector similar to that shown in FIG. 5, except that one end of connector 1200 is coupled to cable 1205 rather than another connector head. It will be recognized that cable 1105 and 1205 may have at their distal end (not shown) a connector head. It will further be recognized that connectors 900 and 1100 could incorporate mechanism 510 (see FIG. 5) to provide an additional degree of motion.
Referring to FIGS. 13A and 13B, rotational-only embodiments 1000 and 1005 of the invention may be built directly into host device 1010 and 1015 respectively. In accordance with these embodiments, rotational elements 1000 and 1005 permit rotation up to approximately 359° so that whatever the orientation of the connector on a peripheral device may happen to be, the connector on the hosting device can be rotated to accommodate the need of the peripheral device.
Various changes in the disclosed embodiments are possible without departing from the scope of the claims. For instance, while the embodiments of FIGS. 2 through 10 have been shown in terms of a USB-type connector, the invention is not so limited. Any connectors used to make electrical or electro-optical data connections can benefit from the invention. For example, Universal Serial Bus (as defined, for example, in the USB 2.0 specification), FireWire (as defined in the I.E.E.E. 1394 standard), BlueTooth (as defined in the BlueTooth specification and published by the BlueTooth Special Interest Group), video monitor, RS232 and fiber optic connectors are all within the scope of the invention and the claims below. Peripheral devices that may benefit from an adjustable connector in accordance with the invention include, but are not limited to, data storage devices, card readers (e.g., Secure Data and Multimedia Card readers) BlueTooth or other communication devices, security devices, lights, fans, cables, antennas, and power adapters. Hosting devices that can benefit from the adjustable connector include, but are not limited to, desktop computers, notebook computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), cellular telephones, digital cameras or camcorders etc. Accordingly, it is the following claims and not the description of the above detailed embodiments which are intended to define the scope of the invention.

## Claims

1. An electronic connector mechanism, comprising:
an intermediate member having a first end defining a first connection axis and having a second end defining a second connection axis, the first and second connection axes being substantially orthogonal;
a first head rotatably connected to the first end of the intermediate member and limited to rotation in a first plane on the first connection axis;
a first electronic connector on the first head connectable to a first electronic device;
a second head rotatably connected to the second end of the intermediate member and limited to rotation in a second plane on the second connection axis; and
a second electronic connector on the second head connectable to a second electronic device, the second electronic connector in electrical communication with the first electronic connector through the intermediate member,
wherein at least one of the first and second heads is rotatable on its connection axis more than 90-degrees relative to the intermediate member.

2. The mechanism of claim 1,
wherein the first electronic connector comprises a first male connector, and
wherein the second electronic connector comprises a second male connector.

3. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end comprises a joint connection.

4. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end is adapted to retain the first head in a specified position in the first plane.

5. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the intermediate member comprises a first portion and a second portion connected together and rotatable relative to one another about a third connection axis, the third connection axis being substantially orthogonal to the first and second connection axes.

6. The mechanism of claim 1,
wherein the first electronic connector comprises a male connector, and
wherein the second electronic connector comprises a female connector.

7. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second electronic connectors comprise a same style of electronic connector.

8. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first and second electronic connectors comprise different styles of electronic connectors.

9. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first head comprises a cable extending from the first head to the first electronic connector on a distal end of the cable.

10. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein each of the first and second heads is rotatable on its connection axis more than 90-degrees relative to the intermediate member.

11. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the first electronic connector is selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, memory, and cable connectors.

12. The mechanism of claim 11, wherein the second electronic connector is selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, memory, and cable connectors.

13. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end comprises a first hinged connection.

14. The mechanism of claim 13, wherein the rotatable connection of the second head to the second end comprises a second hinged connection.

15. The mechanism of claim 1, further comprising a third head connected to the second end and rotatable about the second connection axis.

16. The mechanism of claim 15, wherein the second and third heads are independently rotatable about the second connection axis in substantially parallel planes.

17. The mechanism of 15, wherein the third head comprises a third electronic connector in electrical communication with the first electronic connector and connectable to a third electronic device.

18. The mechanism of claim 15, wherein the third connector is selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, memory, and cable connectors.

19. The mechanism of claim 15, wherein the third head comprises an electronic device in electrical communication with the first connector, the electronic device selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, and memory devices.

20. The mechanism of claim 1,
wherein the first head has a first electronic connector; and
wherein the second head has a first electronic device in electrical communication with the first electronic device connector.

21. The mechanism of claim 20, wherein the first electronic connector is selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, memory, and cable connectors, and wherein the first electronic device is selected from the group consisting of Universal Serial Bus, FireWire, BlueTooth, video, RS232, and memory devices.

22. The mechanism of claim 20, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end comprises a joint connection.

23. The mechanism of claim 20, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end is adapted to retain the first head in a specified position in the first plane.

24. The mechanism of claim 20, wherein intermediate member comprises a first portion and a second portion connected together and rotatable relative to one another about a third connection axis, the third connection axis being substantially orthogonal to the first and second connection axes.

25. The mechanism of claim 20, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end comprises a first hinged connection.

26. The mechanism of claim 25, wherein the rotatable connection of the second head to the second end comprises a second hinged connection.

27. The mechanism of claim 20, further comprising a third head connected to the second end and rotatable about the second connection axis, the third head having a second electronic connector in electrical communication with the first electronic connector.

28. The mechanism of claim 27, wherein the second head and the third head are independently rotatable about the second connection axis in substantially parallel planes.

29. The mechanism of claim 20, further comprising a third head connected to the second end and rotatable about the second connection axis, the third head having a second electronic device in electrical communication with the first electronic device connector.

30. The mechanism of claim 29, wherein the second head and the third head are independently rotatable about the second connection axis in substantially parallel planes.

31. The mechanism of claim 1, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end of the intermediate member comprises a plurality of first detents defining a plurality of first fixed positions in which the first head rotates relative to the intermediate member.

32. The mechanism of claim 31, wherein the rotatable connection of the second head to the second end of the intermediate member comprises a plurality of second detents defining a plurality of second fixed positions in which the first head rotates relative to the intermediate member.

33. An electronic connector mechanism, comprising:
an intermediate member having a first end defining a first connection axis and having a second end defining a second connection axis, the first and second connection axes being substantially orthogonal;
a first head rotatably connected to the first end of the intermediate member and limited to rotation in a first plane on the first connection axis;
a first electronic connector on the first head connectable to a first electronic device;
a second head rotatably connected to the second end of the intermediate member and limited to rotation in a second plane on the second connection axis;
a cable having a proximal end attached to the second head and having a distal end extending from the second head; and
a second electronic connector attached to the distal end of the cable, the second electronic connector connectable to a second electronic device and in electrical communication with the first electronic connector through the cable and the intermediate member.

34. The mechanism of claim 33,
wherein the first electronic connector comprises a male connector, and
wherein the second electronic connector comprises a female connector.

35. The mechanism of claim 33, wherein the first and second electronic connectors comprise a same style of electronic connector.

36. The mechanism of claim 33, wherein the first and second electronic connectors comprise different styles of electronic connectors.

37. The mechanism of claim 33, wherein at least one of the first and second heads is rotatable on its connection axis more than 90-degrees relative to the intermediate member.

38. The mechanism of claim 33, wherein each of the first and second heads is rotatable on its connection axis more than 90-degrees relative to the intermediate member.

39. The mechanism of claim 33, wherein the rotatable connection of the first head to the first end of the intermediate member comprises a plurality of first detents defining a plurality of first fixed positions in which the first head rotates relative to the intermediate member.

40. The mechanism of claim 39, wherein the rotatable connection of the second head to the second end of the intermediate member comprises a plurality of second detents defining a plurality of second fixed positions in which the first head rotates relative to the intermediate member.