# SOUTHWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE ®

6220 CULEBRA ROAD i POST OFFICE DRAWER 28510 i SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA 78228-0510 i (210) 684-5111 i WWW.SWRI.ORG HTTP://ENGINEANDVEHICLE .SWRI.ORG

ENGINE, EMISSIONS, AND VEHICLE RESEARCH DIVISION ISO 9001 CERTIFIED FAX: (210) 522-3950 ISO 14001 Certified

SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS

HOUSTON, TEXAS i WASHINGTON, DC 

## August 15, 2009

Brian H. West Fuels, Engines, and Emissions Research Center Oak Ridge National Laboratory NTRC Building 2360 Cherahala Boulevard Knoxville, TN 37932

Subject: Monthly Progress Report No. 10 for the Pe riod July 1, through July 31, 2009; for theprogram, "Catalyst Screening and Durability for Intermediate Ethanol Blends," UTBattelle/Oak Ridge National Laborator y Subcontract No. 4000071456, SwRI Project 03.14530.

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The objective of this project is to help quantify emissions system durability of E15 and E20 on the US fleet. Specifically, this project will study the effects of ethanol blends on openloop stoichiometry and resulting ca talyst and oxygen sensor temperat ures. This project will also generate valuable data on vehi cle emissions and performance.

Vehicles selected for this st udy will include a wide range of manufacturers across several model years. Some of the vehicles that will be tested include vehi cles that have been identified as having leaner and hotter opera tion on ethanol blends than on gasoline when in wide-open throttle (WOT) open-loop operation. Other vehicles will be tested because of their large numbers in the in-use vehicle fleet. New vehicles with unknow n open-loop fuel control at WOT may also be selected.

In this project, SwRI will age vehicles and emission control systems operating on three levels of ethanol blended fuels (E10, E15, a nd E20) and compare emissions and vehicle performance to similar vehicles operating on the base gasoline (E0). Vehicle service accumulation and emissions testing are to be perf ormed on multiple sets of matched vehicles. For each matched set, vehicles are to be aged a nd emissions tested on the four fuel blends (E0, E10, E15, and E20). Emissions testing will be performed at three adde d service accumulation levels: 0 miles (start of service accumula tion), between 25,000 and 50,000 miles (mid service accumulation level), and at the end of the vehi cle’s full-useful life ( nominally 120,000 miles).

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 15, 2009 Page 2 of 6



## 2.0 PROGRESS FOR THE PE RIOD JULY 1-31, 2009

2.1 Honda Accords

Honda Accord vehicles ORHA0, OR HA15, and ORHA20 completed service accumulation to “full-useful lif e” (nominally 120,000 miles as measured on the odometer of the highest mileage vehicle). Honda Accord OR HA10B previously completed 50,000 miles of service accumulation.

Honda Accord vehicle ORHA10B underwent 50,000-mile Federal Test Procedure (FTP) emissions testing with project fuels during th is reporting period. Fe deral Test Procedure emissions data at 50,000 test miles for all the Accords run on the E0, E10, E15, and E20 emissions test fuels are provided in Table 1.

Long-term fuel trim data, along with lubric ating oil change interv al history, and engine fault codes and comments are provided in Appendix A for Honda Accord ORHA10B and the Chevrolet Silverado and Nissan Altima vehicle se ts. Graphs of vehicle oil consumption are provided in Appendix B.

TABLE 1. 2007 HONDA ACCO RD EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi Test Ref. Vehicle No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X Fuel Economy,

mi/gal
1 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.044 0.183 0.023 26.6
2 ORHA0 OR-HA00-1-F-E0-50k-T2 E0 0.046 0.176 0.026 26.4
3 OR-HA10B-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.041 0.359 0.022 27.6
4 OR-HA10B-1-F-E0-50k-T4 E0 0.026 0.217 0.016 27.4 5 OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-50k-T1 0.026 0.191 0.019 27.4
6 ORHA10B

OR-HA10B-1-F-E10-50k-T2 E10 0.029 0.206 0.029 27.1
7 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.026 0.191 0.016 26.4
8 OR-HA15-1-F-E0-50k-T2 E0 0.033 0.185 0.021 26.1 9 OR-HA15-1-F-E15-50k-T1 0.037 0.173 0.022 26.7
10 ORHA15

OR-HA15-1-F-E15-50k-T2 E15 0.028 0.134 0.025 26.0
11 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.032 0.243 0.020 26.7
12 OR-HA20-1-F-E0-50k-T2 E0 0.028 0.186 0.023 26.6
13 OR-HA20-1-F-E20-50k-T2 0.026 0.124 0.025 26.8
14 ORHA20

OR-HA20-1-F-E20-50k-T3 E20 0.026 0.154 0.023 26.2



## 2.2 Chevrolet Silverados

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicle set pr eviously completed 50,000 miles of service accumulation. During this reporting period, emissions testing was performed on the Silverado vehicle set using the E0, E10, E15, and E20 emi ssions test fuels. Fe deral Test Procedure emissions data at 50,000 test miles for the Silverado vehicle set is given Table 2.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 15, 2009 Page 3 of 6



## TABLE 2. 2006 CHEVROLET SI LVERADO EMISSIONS TESTS Service Accumulation Level: 50k Miles

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi
Test Ref. Vehicle
No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X Fuel Economy,

mi/gal

1 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.085 0.613 0.051 16.2

2 ORCS0 OR-CS00-1-F-E0-50k-T4 E0 0.070 0.736 0.042 16.3

3 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.043 0.673 0.025 16.5
4 OR-CS10-1-F-E0-50k-T2 E0 0.033 0.605 0.020 16.4
5 OR-CS10-1-F-E10-50k-T1 0.079 0.910 0.048 15.9

6 ORCS10

OR-CS10-1-F-E10-50k-T3 E10 0.070 0.736 0.044 15.9

7 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-50k-T1 0.045 0.653 0.020 16.9
8 OR-CS15-1-F-E0-50k-T2 E0 0.049 0.694 0.025 16.8
9 OR-CS15-1-F-E15-50k-T1 0.086 0.850 0.046 16.0
10 ORCS15

OR-CS15-1-F-E15-50k-T3 E15 0.060 0.742 0.035 16.0

11 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-50k-T3 0.040 0.507 0.022 16.7
12 OR-CS20-1-F-E0-50k-T4 E0 0.037 0.462 0.022 17.0
13 OR-CS20-1-F-E20-50k-T1 0.081 0.538 0.036 15.8

14 ORCS20

OR-CS20-1-F-E20-50k-T2 E20 0.079 0.546 0.037 15.8



## The Silverado vehicle set has return ed to the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers. Service accumulation to full-useful life is expected to con tinue into September.

2.3 Nissan Altimas

The Nissan Altima vehicle set continued it s service accumulation on the SwRI Mileage Accumulation Dynamometers this reporting peri od. The Altima vehicle set is scheduled for emissions testing in August.

2.4 Dodge Caravans and Ford Tauruses

The Dodge Caravan vehicle set began zero-m ile emissions testing this reporting period, but testing was stopped when it was determined that incorrect dynamometer coefficients were selected. Emissions testing will resume following the determination of the correct coefficients. One of the Dodge Caravans exhibited higher NOx emissions than expected. Possible causes were (and continue to be) investigated, and a summary will be compiled for the next progress report.

The Taurus vehicle set completed its e xhaust manifold instrumentation, and the manifolds have been re-installed on the engines. The Ford Taurus emissions testing began in July and is scheduled to finish in August. The Ford Taurus vehicle set is now scheduled to complete emissions testing before the Dodge Caravan vehicle set. Ford Taurus vehicle emissions tests on E0 fuel are provided in Ta ble 3. The vehicle exhaust emissions look good and no engine fault codes were set.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 15, 2009 Page 4 of 6



## TABLE 3. 2008 FORD TAURUS EM ISSIONS TESTS WITH E0 FUEL Service Accumulation Level: 0k Miles

FTP Composite Emissions, g/mi
Test Ref. Vehicle
No. Test No. Fuel THC CO NO X Fuel Economy,

mi/gal

1 OR-FT00-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.027 0.517 0.002 20.2
2 ORFT0 OR-FT00-1-F-E0-0k-T3 E0 0.030 0.591 0.003 20.4

3 OR-FT10-1-F-E0-0k-T2 0.027 0.303 0.005 20.7
4 ORFT10 OR-FT10-1-F-E0-0k-T5 E0 0.021 0.273 0.003 19.9

5 OR-FT15-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.024 0.337 0.003 20.5

6 ORFT15 OR-FT15-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 0.012 0.229 0.001 20.8

7 OR-FT20-1-F-E0-0k-T1 0.028 0.509 0.003 20.3
8 ORFT20 OR-FT20-1-F-E0-0k-T2 E0 0.031 0.518 0.003 20.3



## 2.5 Vehicle Procurement – Chevrolet Cobalts

The Oak Ridge program manager directed SwRI to locate and purchase three 2006 Chevrolet Cobalt test vehicles with 2.2L four cy linder engines. The speci fications of the first Cobalt vehicle located and authorized for purchase are given in Appendix C.

2.6 Mileage Accumulation Fuel

Another batch of fuel grade ethanol was purch ased, analyzed, and approved for use in the program. The ninth tanker truc k of E0 gasoline was also purchased and approved for the program. Analytical results for recent fuel blends and the second batch of ethanol are included in Appendix D.

There is a concern that E0 fuel will not be available at the terminal currently being used for E0 fuel procurement. This topic was discus sed at the June project review meeting. SwRI will work with Oak Ridge and CRC to identify ot her fuel terminals, preferably close to San Antonio, that would have E0 fuel available for purchase for the remainder of the program.

2.7 Data Format and Processing

Data format and data processing activitie s have continued. The development of a methodology for determining the limit of detecti on (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) for alcohols and aldehyde measurements was esta blished for this program this past reporting period. This proposed methodology was sent to re gulatory stakeholders for review. The focus of this new methodology development was to de termine how to properly address collection media interferences in the measurement process when the exhaust emission samples themselves are at levels similar th e interferences. This concern has become more pronounced over the past several years as vehicles emit lower levels of emissions.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 15, 2009 Page 5 of 6



## As a result of the new data processing met hodology, alcohol and alde hyde data reported in the progress reports to date will be re-processed. A new em issions test workbook has been developed, and it will calculate fuel economy usi ng a carbon balance method which is better for calculating fuel economy with et hanol fuel blends than the standard CFR method used for vehicle emissions calculations with certification gasoline.

3.0 WORK PLANNED FOR THE NEXT REPORTING PERIOD

Honda Accords ORHA0, ORHA15, and OR HA20 will begin 120,000-mile, full-useful life (FUL) emissions testing in August. Ho nda Accord ORHA10B will continue service accumulation into September, and then it will be scheduled for FUL emissions testing.

The Chevrolet Silverado vehicl e set is scheduled to finish service accumulation to FUL in September. The Nissan Altima vehicle set is e xpected to finish its service accumulation to 50,000 test miles and begin emissions testing in August. The remainder of the Altima set’s service accumulation to FUL will be scheduled fo llowing successful completion of the emissions testing.

Emission tests will continue on the Ford Tauruses in August. The dynamometer coefficients for the Dodge caravans will be dete rmined, and the emissions concern with one of the Caravans will be investigated. After reso lution, vehicle emissions tests will be scheduled.

The vehicle search will continue for the Ch evrolet Cobalts. When the Cobalts arrive, they will undergo vehicle check-i n procedures and instrumentation.

Vehicle emissions data processing for new tests will incorporate the use of the newly developed data calculation and archiving wor kbook. This workbook will calculate vehicle fuel economy using the carbon balance method. The pr eviously generated da ta sets will be reprocessed and put in the new workbook form.

SwRI will work with Oak Ridge and CRC to determine a source of E0 fuel as an alternative to the current supplying terminal. It is possible that the current terminal will be transitioning to ethanol-cont aining gasoline by the end of 2009.

A date for the next project review meeti ng in San Antonio will be determined. This meeting will be target ed for early November.

### Brian West Oak Ridge National Laboratory August 15, 2009 Page 6 of 6



## 4.0 CONCLUSION

If you have any questions regarding this proj ect report, please contact Marty Heimrich at (210) 522-3022 or by e-mail at mheimrich@swri.org

.

Prepared by: Reviewed by:

Martin J. Heimrich Jeff J. White Manager Director Department of Emissions Research Department of Emissions Research and Development and Development



## /sat

cc: Brent Shoffner, SwRI Kevin Brunner, SwRI

This report shall not be reproduced, ex cept in full, without the written approv al of Southwest Research Institute ®

. Results and discussion given in this report relate only to the test items described in this report.

## APPENDIX A

LONG-TERM FUEL TRIM MEASUREMENTS

OIL CHANGE INTERVAL HISTORY

ENGINE FAULT CODES AND COMMENTS

Vehicles Honda Accord ORHA10B Nissan Altimas Chevrolet Silverados

## A-1LONG TERM FUEL TRIMDate Odometer Test FuelAverageDriveEnginecodes? Comments32,281Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As-received (Initial) 4/6/2009 32,281 0 As-recd -15.6 -16.4 -15.6 -16.4 -14.8 -16.4 -15.80 NoAs-received after oil change 4/6/2009 32,281 0 As-recd -12.5 -12.5 -11.7 -12.5 -10.9 -10.9 -11.70 NoOil Change 1 5/12/2009 39,595 7,314 E10 -3.9 -3.9 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.50 NoOil Change 2 5/21/2009 47,088 14,807 E10 -3.9 -3.1 -3.9 -3.9 -3.1 -3.1 -3.30 NoOil Change 3 5/29/2009 54,643 22,362 E10 0.0 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.53 NoOil Change 4 6/5/2009 61,943 29,662 E10 3.9 4.6 2.3 3.1 1.5 2.3 3.08 NoOil Change 5 6/15/2009 69,237 36,956 E10 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.40 NoOil Change 6 6/23/2009 76,475 44,194 E10 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 -1.5 -0.7 -1.10 NoOil Change 7 7/30/2009 83,790 51,509 E10 0 0 0 0 0.7 0.7 0.35 NoORHA10BIdle in DriveIdle in Drive Idle in Park

## A-22008 Nissan AltimaLong Term fuel TrimDate Odometer Test FuelAverageDriveEnginecodes? Comments19,284Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As Received 2/10/2009 19,264 As-recd As-recd -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.3 -2.30 NoOil Change 1 5/26/2009 26,784 7,500 E0 -7.8 -7.8 -7.0 -7.0 -7.8 -7.8 -7.80 NoOil Change 2 6/6/2009 34,284 15,000 E0 -9.3 -9.3 -7.0 -7.0 -7.0 -7.0 -8.15 NoOil Change 3 6/15/2009 41,784 22,500 E0 -7.0 -7.0 -8.5 -7.0 -8.5 -8.5 -7.75 NoOil Change 4 6/24/2009 49,284 30,000 E0 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.40 NoP1573 Brake Switch / Including pendingcode checkOil Change 5 7/2/2009 56,784 37,500 E0 -9.3 -9.3 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -9.3 -9.10 No Including pending code checkOil Change 6 7/9/2009 64,284 45,000 E0 -9.3 -9.3 -9.3 -9.3 -9.3 -9.3 -9.30 No Including pending code checkDate Odometer Test FuelAverageDriveEnginecodes? Comments19,524Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As-Received 2/10/2009 19,518 As-recd As-recd -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.40 NoOil Change 1 6/1/2009 27,024 7,500 E10 -0.7 -0.7 -1.5 -1.5 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 NoOil Change 2 6/9/2009 34,524 15,000 E10 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.5 -1.50 NoOil Change 3 6/17/2009 42,024 22,500 E10 -2.3 -2.3 -3.1 -3.1 -2.3 -2.3 -2.30 NoOil Change 4 6/27/2009 49,524 30,000 E10 -5.4 -5.4 -3.9 -3.9 -5.4 -5.4 -5.40 No Including pending code checkOil Change 5 7/6/2009 57,024 37,500 E10 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.10 No Including pending code checkOil Change 6 7/14/2009 64,524 45,000 E10 -2.3 -2.3 -3.9 -3.9 -2.3 -2.3 -2.30 No Including pending code checkDate Odometer Test FuelAverageDriveEnginecodes? Comments9,950Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As-Received 2/10/2009 9,935 As-recd As-recd -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.4 -5.40 NoOil Change 1 6/9/2009 17,450 7,500 E15 -0.7 -0.7 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 NoOil Change 2 6/19/2009 24,950 15,000 E15 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.9 3.9 3.9 1.95 NoOil Change 3 6/29/2009 32,450 22,500 E15 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 -1.5 -1.5 0.80 No Including pending code checkOil Change 4 7/10/2009 39,950 30,000 E15 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.70 No Including pending code checkOil Change 5 7/20/2009 47,450 37,500 E15 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.1 -3.10 No Including pending code checkDate Odometer Test FuelAverageDriveEnginecodes? Comments10,307Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As-Received 2/10/2009 10,296 As-recd As-recd -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.5 -8.50 NoOil Change 1 6/12/2009 17,807 7,500 E20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 NoOil Change 2 6/20/2009 25,307 15,000 E20 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 NoOil Change 3 6/29/2009 32,807 22,500 E20 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 No Including pending code checkOil Change 4 7/8/2009 40,307 30,000 E20 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 No Including pending code checkIncluding pending codes. P1572 brakeIdle in DriveIdle in DriveIdle in Drive Idle in ParkORNA20Idle in DriveIdle in DriveIdle in ParkIdle in ParkIdle in ParkORNA10Idle in DriveORNA15Idle in DriveIdle in DriveORNA0

## A-3Chevrolet SilveradoLong Term Fuel Trim27,606AverageDriveEngineCodesCommentsDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 27,606 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 -3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 NoAfter Emmisions 2/23/2009 27,819 213 1.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.0 -4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.25 NoOil Change 1 3/30/2009 39,679 12,073 2.3 2.32.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.30 NoOil Change 2 4/13/2009 52,669 25,063 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 NoOil Change 3 4/27/2009 65,566 37,960 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.70 NoOil Change 4 7/15/2009 78,259 50,653 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 -2.3 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 -2.3 -1.5 -1.5 -2.3 -2.3 -1.90 No Code P0724 TCC/Brake Switch "B" circuitsignal High/Open.Includes check for all codes.Oil Change 5 7/28/2009 90,944 63,338 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 -0.7 NOCode P0724 TCC/Brake Switch "B" circuit signal High/Open.Includes check for all codes.14,350AverageDriveEngineCodesCommentsDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 14,319 -2.0 -2.0 1.0 1.0 -4.0 -4.0 0.0 0.0 -3.0 -1.0 0.0 1.0 -0.63 NoAfter Emissions 2/23/2009 14,635 285 0.0 0.0 -1.0 -1.0 -2.0 -2.0 -3.0 -3.0 0.0 0.0 -2.0 -2.0 -0.75 Yes P0030, P0036, P0050 ,P0056Oil Change 1 3/27/2009 26,476 12,126 7.8 7.85.4 5.4 8.5 8.5 7.8 7.8 7.8 7.8 5.4 5.4 6.60 NoOil Change 2 4/9/2009 39,466 25,116 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 1.6 1.6 0.0 0.0 0.80 NoOil Change 3 4/22/2009 52,363 38,013 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 3.1 3.1 3.9 3.9 0.0 0.0 -0.7 -0.7 -0.35 NoOil Change 4 7/20/2009 65,056 50,706 4.7 4.72.3 2.3 4.7 4.7 2.3 2.3 4.7 4.7 2.3 2.3 3.50 NoCode P0724 TCC/Brake Switch "B" circuit signal High/Open.Includes check for all codes.17,152AverageDriveEngineCodesCommentsDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 17,121 0.0 0.0 2.0 2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 -2.0 0.0 0.0 0.00 NoAfter Emissions 12/23/2009 17,396 244 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 7.0 7.0 6.0 6.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.00 Yes P0030, P0036, P0050, P0053, P0054, P0056,P0059, P0060Oil Change 1 3/31/2009 29,410 12,258 10.1 10.1 12.5 12.5 11.7 11.7 12.5 12.5 11.7 11.7 13.2 13.2 11.88 NoOil Change 2 4/13/2009 42,400 25,248 9.3 10.1 10.1 12.5 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 9.3 12.5 12.5 10.70 NoOil Change 3 5/5/2009 55,297 38,145 7.8 7.8 8.6 8.6 7.8 7.8 8.6 8.6 7.8 7.8 8.6 8.6 8.20 NoOil Change 4 7/20/2009 67,990 50,838 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 6.3 6.3 5.5 5.5 7.8 7.8 6.08 No Includes formal check for factory codes.17,103AverageDriveEngineCodesCommentsDate Odometer TestMilesMin. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max. Min. Max.As received 12/17/2008 17,103 -3.0 -3.0 -1.0 -1.0 -7.0 -6.0 -6.0 -6.0 -4.0 -4.0 -3.0 -3.0 -2.75 NoAfter emissions 2/25/2009 17,348 245 5.0 7.0 5.0 5.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.00 Yes P0030, P0036, P0050, P0056Oil Change 1 3/30/2009 29,413 12,310 11.7 11.7 9.49.4 11.7 11.7 9.4 9.4 11.7 11.7 9.4 9.4 10.55 NoOil Change 2 4/13/2009 42,403 25,300 11.7 11.7 9.39.3 11.7 11.7 9.3 9.3 11.7 11.7 10.9 10.9 10.90 NoOil Change 3 4/27/2009 55,300 38,197 9.0 9.0 9.0 9.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 13.0 13.0 12.0 12.0 10.75 NoOil Change 4 65,300 48,197 10.2 10.2 8.6 8.6 9.4 10.2 7.0 9.4 10.2 10.2 8.6 8.6 9.40 NoCode P0724 TCC/Brake Switch "B" circuit signal High/Open.Includes check for all codes.Left BankIdle in DriveRight Bank Right BankLeft BankIdle in ParkLeft Bank Right BankRight BankIdle in DriveLeft BankIdle in ParkIdle in DriveIdle in DriveLeft BankLeft BankIdle in ParkIdle in ParkLeft Bank Right BankIdle in DriveLeft BankRight BankRight BankLeft BankIdle in DriveRight BankORCS20Right BankRight BankIdle in DriveLeft BankLeft BankORCS0ORCS10ORCS15Left Bank Right Bank Right BankIdle in Drive

## APPENDIX B

OIL CONSUMPTION HISTORY GRAPHS

Vehicle Sets Honda Accord Nissan Altima Chevrolet Silverado

## B-1 2007 Honda Accord Oil Consumption

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Test MilesTotal Oil Consumption (lbs.)

ORHA0 ORHA10 ORHA15 ORHA20 ORHA10B



### Nissan Altima Oil Consumption

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

0 5,000 10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 45,000 50,000
Test MilesTotal Oil Consumption (lbs.)

ORNA0 ORNA10 ORNA15 ORNA20

## B-2 Chevrolet Silverado Oil Consumption

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

0 10,000 20,000 30,000 40,000 50,000 60,000 70,000 80,000 90,000 100,000

Test MilesTotal Oil Consumption (lbs.)

ORCS0 ORCS10 ORCS15 ORCS20

## APPENDIX C

CHEVROLET COBALT VEHI CLE SPECIFICATIONS

## C-1 CHEVROLET COBALT VEHICLE GROUP SPECIFICATIONS

Item Sample Candidate
VIN 1G1AK55F367824348 1G1AK55F367666822 Vehicle Make Chevrolet Chevrolet Vehicle Model Cobalt Cobalt
Vehicle Year 2006 2006 Odometer Reading 47671 Engine Family 6GMXC02.4029 6GMXV02.4029 Evaporative Emissions Family All the same 6GMXR0105817 Engine Displacement 2.2L 2.2L, 4 Cyl., MFI, DOHC Emission Type Tier 2/Bin 5 Tier 2 Trans Axle Gear Ratio 3.63 3.63 Open Carrier
Flexible Fuel No No OEM Wheel 15" 15” Transmission 4 Speed/Auto w/lock up -4T45E 4 speed HMD, 4T45E Four Wheel Drive No No OEM Tire Continental Touring

## APPENDIX D

FUEL ANALYTICAL EVALUATIONS

## D-1 

## Denatured Ethanol

Fuel Code EM-6929 EM-7148 Bullet Sample
Description Denatured EtOH Denatured EtOH
Dated 12/5/2008 7/16/2009 Laboratory PPRD 76094 PPRD 81518 Property Test Method Test Results Test Results

Acidity, mg KOH/g ASTM D1613 0.0347 0.0282 Copper by AA, ppm ASTM D3237M <0.01 0.0 Existent Gums, mg /100 mL ASTM D381

Unwashed WT 3.0 3.0
Washed WT 1.5 0.5 API Gravity ASTM D4052 47.4 46.8 Specific Gravity ASTM D4052 0.7909 0.7936 Sulfur Content, ppm ASTM D5453 2.4 2.5 Ethanol Content, wt% ASTM D5501 93.6 97.38

EtOH, vol% 93.23 97.33 Methanol Content, wt% 0.18 0

MeOH, vol% 0.18 0 Aromatics by GC ASTM D5580

Benzene <0.1 0
Toluene 0.31 0 Ethylbenzene <0.1 0 p/m -Xylene <0.1 0

o- Xylene <0.1 0
C 9 plus aromatics 0.15 0

Total Aromatics 0.46 0 Sulfate, ppm ASTM D5827 <1 3.398 Water Content, % ASTM D6304 0.73811 0.71815 Water Content, ppm 7381 7182 pHe ASTM D6423 7.75 7.42 Olefin, mass% ASTM D6550 N/A (EtoH content too high) Cancelled Total Chloride, ppm ASTM D7319 <1 Total Sulfate, ppm 2.6 Potential Sulfate, ppm 2.0

## D-2 RE10 RE15 RE20 RE15

GA/GB Code 

### GB-6971 GB-6972 GB-6973 GB-6972

Analytical Date 6/7/2009 5/31/2009 5/31/2009 7/13/2009
Tank 140 Tank 143 Tank 146 Tank 23 PPRD 80619 PPRD 80464 PPRD 80465 PPRD 81392
SwRI SwRI SwRI SwRI
TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL ASTM D381 mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run mg/100ml

Washed WT First Run mg/100ml
Unwashed WT Second Run mg/100ml
Washed WT Second Run mg/100ml
Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 5% °F 10% °F 20% °F 30% °F 40% °F 50% °F 60% °F 70% °F 80% °F 90% °F 95% °F Distillation - EP °F Recovery vol %
Residue vol % Loss vol %

DIPE ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
EtOH Vol% 10.28% 15.43% 19.93% 14.76%
iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
tBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1
tPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 <0.1 Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 5.66% 7.28% 5.92% Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 57.3 56.7 56.2 56.5 Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7493 0.7520 0.7537 0.7528 Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 748.9 751.6 753.4 752.5 Sulfur ASTM D5453 ppm SwRI Fuel Code Analysis Location 

### Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source

## D-3 RE0 RE20

GA/GB Code 

## GA-6947 GB-6973

Analytical Date 

## 7/20/2009 7/27/2009


### Tanker 9 Tank 10 PPRD 81616 PPRD 81753
SwRI SwRI
TEST METHOD UNITS

Existent Gums, mg/ 100 mL A STM D381 

### mg/100ml

Unwashed WT First Run 

### mg/100ml 20.0
Washed WT First Run 

### mg/100ml 0.5
Unwashed WT Second Run 

### mg/100ml 19.5
Washed WT Second Run 

### mg/100ml <0.5


### Distillation - IBP ASTM D86 °F 95 

### 5% °F 121 

### 10% °F 132 

### 20% °F 148 

### 30% °F 167 

### 40% °F 191 

### 50% °F 221 

### 60% °F 256 

### 70% °F 291 

### 80% °F 321 

### 90% °F 357 

### 95% °F 379 

### Distillation - EP °F 427 

### Recovery vol % 97.9 

### Residue vol % 0.8 

### Loss vol % 1.3
DIPE 

### ASTM D5599 Vol% <0.1 <0.1
ETBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1
EtOH Vol% <0.1 20.39%
iBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1
iPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1
MeOH Vol% <0.1 <0.1
MTBE Vol% <0.1 <0.1
nBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1
nPA Vol% <0.1 <0.1
sBA Vol% <0.1 <0.1
TAME Vol% <0.1 <0.1
tB A Vol% <0.1 <0.1
tP A Vol% <0.1 <0.1 Total Oxygen Weight WT% <0.1 7.44% 

### Gravity ASTM D4052 °API 55.8 55.8 

### Density ASTM D4052 kg/l 0.7556 0.7554 

### Density @ 15C ASTM D4052 grams/L 755.3 755.1 

### Sulfu r ASTM D5453 ppm 50.1 

### SwRI Fuel Code Analysis Location 

## Oak Ridge Mileage Accumulation Fuels

Test Fuel Code

Vehicle Fuel Codes

Sample Source