# Patent

## Title
Method of constructing a secondary containment area

## Abstract

The method of the present invention results in a secondary containment area for above ground storage tanks. The method involves leveling the site, laying a foundation bed, building a retaining barrier around the site, covering the foundation bed and retaining barrier with a liner cloth, and applying a layer of polyurea to the liner cloth and retaining barrier.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Technical Field of the Invention
The present invention relates generally to above ground tanks that are used in the oil and gas industry to store fluids produced from underground hydrocarbon bearing formations, and more particularly to an improved method and an improved apparatus for containing spills or leaks from the above ground tanks so that such spills or leaks can be recovered or removed and disposed of properly before the environment is contaminated.
2. Description of the Related Art
During the production of oil or gas from an underground well, it is common for water to be produced along with the oil or gas. This water, called “produced water”, is typically separated from the oil or gas at the well site and temporarily stored in above ground storage tanks (ASTs). The produced water varies in quality from one well to the next, and it can have high quantities of minerals, salts, oil, gas, sand and other substances dissolved, mixed, or suspended in it. Produced water with a high concentration of impurities can be corrosive to the walls and ancillary piping of an AST and it can be toxic to the environment. A vehicle with a large storage tank attached to it periodically travels to the well site and transfers the produced water from the AST to the storage tank on the vehicle.
FIG. 1 illustrates an AST 100 with an input stream 18 and an outlet stream 20. The flow rate of the outlet stream 20 is manipulated by way of a valve 22. The produced water travels from the underground hydrocarbon bearing formation 6, up the oil or gas well bore hole 4, into a “Christmas Tree” 10, which is an assembly of valves, pipes and fittings used to control the flow of oil and gas from a well. The water separating section 14 of the Christmas Tree 10 directs the produced water to the AST 100. Other separating sections 12 direct the oil or gas into a pipeline 16, which transports the oil or gas to other locations for further processing or sale.
FIG. 2 illustrates the AST 100 of FIG. 1 after the produced water has created a hole 26 in the wall of the AST. The hole 26 allows the produced water to spill or leak out of the AST 100 and onto the ground 2.
In the United States, state and federal law restrict the discharge of produced water into the environment. With regards to ASTs, it is typically required that a secondary containment area be in place to collect any accidental discharge of produced water from an AST in the field. The secondary containment area usually needs to have the capacity and strength to hold at least 110% of the volume of the AST, or for an array of ASTs, 110% of the largest AST in the array. A need exists for an efficient, effective, and inexpensive method of building the secondary containment area for an AST.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention is thus directed to an improved method for building the secondary containment structure for an AST. The preferred embodiment of the present invention involves leveling the AST site, laying a foundation bed on the site, building a retaining wall around the site, covering the retaining wall and foundation bed with a cloth liner, and coating the retaining wall and cloth liner with a polyurea elastomer spray.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
A more complete understanding of the method of the present invention may be had by reference to the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1 is an illustration of a prior art above ground storage tank at a well site;
FIG. 2 is an illustration of a prior art above ground storage tank with a hole in its wall;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the three layers that result from the claimed invention;
FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view the secondary containment area after the liner cloth has been placed over the site;
FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the secondary containment area after the polyurea coating has been applied to the liner cloth and barrier wall;
FIG. 6 is a flowchart for the claimed method;



Where used in the various figures of the drawing, the same numerals designate the same or similar parts. Furthermore, when the terms “top,” “bottom,” “first,” “second,” “upper,” “lower,” “height,” “width,” “length,” “end,” “side,” “horizontal,” “vertical,” and similar terms are used herein, it should be understood that these terms have reference only to the structure shown in the drawing and are utilized only to facilitate describing the invention.
All figures are drawn for ease of explanation of the basic teachings of the present invention only; the extensions of the figures with respect to number, position, relationship, and dimensions of the parts to form the preferred embodiment will be explained or will be within the skill of the art after the following teachings of the present invention have been read and understood. Further, the exact dimensions and dimensional proportions to conform to specific force, weight, strength, and similar requirements will likewise be within the skill of the art after the following teachings of the present invention have been read and understood.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention involves an improved method for constructing the secondary containment area for one or more above ground storage tanks (ASTs). The invention produces an effective, inexpensive, versatile secondary containment area for ASTs.
Referring initially to FIG. 1, the reference numeral 100 refers in general to an AST, which has an inlet stream 18, an outlet stream 20 and a valve 22 (or its equivalent) for manipulating the flow rate of the outlet stream (collectively referred to as the “ancillary piping”). The produced water flowing through the ancillary piping and stored in the AST 100 can be highly corrosive and, if released into the environment, can contaminate ground water in the area. The claimed invention is thus directed towards a method of constructing a secondary containment area to collect any spillage or leakage from an AST.
Even though FIG. 1 shows a cylindrical AST with its axis oriented perpendicular the ground 2, one skilled in the art knows that the claimed invention would work equally as well with ASTs of varying size, shape, and orientation relative to the ground. Accordingly, use of directional terms such as above, below, up, down, upper, and lower and the like are used with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the figures and should not be construed as limitations on the invention. In addition, although FIG. 1 depicts a single AST, the principles of the present invention are applicable to arrays of two or more ASTs.
A flowchart 300 for the claimed method is shown in FIG. 6. The secondary containment area is constructed using the following steps: leveling the AST site 302, placing a foundation bed on the site 304, building a retaining barrier around the site 306, cover the foundation bed with liner cloth and secure it to the retaining barrier 308, and coating the liner cloth and barrier with a polyurea spray 310. Each of these steps will be considered in more detail below.
Referring now to FIG. 3, therein is depicted the three layers that result from practicing the claimed method. The foundation bed 202 supports the liner cloth 204. The foundation bed 202 is preferably composed of materials such as gravel or dirt. The foundation bed 202 is also preferably sloped towards one end or corner to allow any leakage from an AST to form a pool of liquid that can be easily pumped out of the secondary containment area. The liner cloth 204 can be a geotextile, blown fabric, felt, or an equivalent fabric with some degree of permeability so that the polyurea coating 206 can adhere to the liner cloth 204 and form a solid, impermeable layer. The liner cloth is preferably a geotextile mat with a weight between #12 ounce and #16 ounce depending on the size of the secondary containment area. The polyurea coating 206 is impervious to the liquid stored in the AST and serves to contain any spillage or leakage that may escape from the AST.
Referring next to FIG. 4, therein is depicted the secondary containment area 200 after the site has been leveled, the foundation bed 202 has been laid, the retaining barrier 210 has been built, and the liner cloth 204 has been laid over the foundation bed 202 and secured to the retaining barrier 210. The AST site is leveled using means known to those skilled in the art. The retaining barrier 210 is made of any material so long as it is strong enough to withstand the pressure exerted on it when the secondary containment area 200 is completely full of produced water. The liner cloth 204 can be secured to the retaining barrier 210 by any means known to those skilled in the art, but it is preferably secured to the retaining barrier 210 by a series of bolts directly into the retaining barrier, or by a series of straps secured to the lining cloth by screws. Also, optional reinforcement panels of liner cloth can be placed in the corners of the secondary containment area, which are secured preferably using an adhesive. Although two straight retaining barriers of the secondary containment area are shown in FIG. 4, one skilled in the art would know that the retaining barriers can be straight or curved, and that the number and arrangement of retaining barriers can vary, as long as they ultimately form an area capable of containing any produced water that escapes from the AST.
Referring next to FIG. 5, therein is depicted the secondary containment area 200 after the polyurea coating 206 has been applied to the liner cloth 204. The polyurea coating is preferably applied using a spray device that operates at a temperature of approximately 165 degrees Fahrenheit and a pressure of approximately 1800 pounds per square inch. A very light base coat is first applied to the entire secondary containment area. Next, at least two more coats are applied so that the inner and outer walls of the retaining barrier have a preferable thickness of about 60 mils, with the thickness of the polyurea coating increasing to 120 mils in the area underneath the ASTs. The secondary containment area will function with a polyurea coating thickness of at least 30 mils throughout.

## Claims

1. A method for constructing a secondary containment area for above ground storage tanks, comprising the steps of:
(a) providing a site for an above ground storage tank;
(b) leveling said site;
(c) laying a foundation bed on said site to form a first layer of material;
(d) building a retaining barrier around said site;
(e) covering said foundation bed and said retaining barrier with a liner cloth to form a second layer of material;
(f) securing said liner cloth to said retaining barrier;
(g) coating said liner cloth and said retaining barrier with at least one coat of polyurea to form a polyurea coating thickness of at least 30 mils, wherein said polyurea coating forms a third layer of material; and
wherein said method result is in the formation of a solid, impermeable layer throughout the first, second and third layers of material.

2. The method for constructing a secondary containment area of claim 1, wherein the foundation bed comprises dirt.

3. The method for constructing a secondary containment area of claim 1, wherein the foundation bed comprises gravel.

4. The method for constructing a secondary containment area of claim 1, wherein the liner cloth comprises a geotextile fabric.

5. The method for constructing a secondary containment area of claim 1, wherein the liner cloth comprises a blown fabric.

6. A method for applying a polyrurea coating for the construction of a secondary containment area having a liner cloth and retaining barrier, said method comprising the steps of:
(a) building a retaining barrier having inner and outer walls;
(b) securing a liner cloth to said retaining barrier;
(c) applying a light base coat of polyurea to the secondary containment area;
(d) applying at least two more coats of polyurea to the liner cloth and retaining barrier so that the inner and outer walls of the retaining barrier comprise a polyurea coating of at least 30 mils; and
wherein said applying steps of(c) and (d) are performed with a spray device that operates at a temperature of about 165 degrees Fahrenheit to create a solid, impermeable layer impervious to liquid.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said step (a) comprises building curved retaining barriers walls.

8. The method of claim 6, wherein said step (a) comprises building straight retaining barriers walls.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein said step (b) comprises choosing a liner cloth comprised of a fabric with some degree of permeability.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein said applying steps of (c) and (d) are performed with a spray device that operates at a pressure of about 1800 pounds per square inch.

11. The method of claim 6, wherein said applying step (d) results in a thickness of about 60 mils.