Smaller Foraminifera 

From Midway 

Drill Holes

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E
Smaller Foraminifera 

From Midway 

Drill Holes

By RUTH TODD and DORIS LOW

GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E

Smaller Foraminifera from two cored holes, 

about 4 miles apart, drilled to the basaltic 

foundation unaerlying Midway atoll

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 75-606880

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $1 (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Abstract.. _ _______ _______

Introduction. ____ _ ___ ___ _______

Paleoecology_ ____--___ _.__ _ ._ __

Hyperamminidae ___ _ _ __ _____

Textulariidae,. _ ____ ___ ______ _

Miliolidae __ ___ ____ _ _ _____

Ophthalmidiidae___ _ __ _ ___ ___

Peneroplidae_ _ ________ ___ ___ _

Nodosariidae______ _ ____ __-__-_

Polymorphinidae_______ _ _ __ _.

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Systematic catalog Continued 

Plectofrondiculariidae ______ _ ______

Spirillinidae______ _ ____ __ ___ _____

Patellinidae__ _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ -.__.

Discorbidae___ ______ _ _______ ___.

Rotaliidae _ _ _ ______ _____ _ ___.

Amphisteginidae__ __ ___ __ ____ _-_.

Elphidiidae _ ________ ___ _. ___.

Anomalinidae. _ __ __-___-______.._.

Nonionidae _ _ ___ ___ _ ____ _ __.

Globigerinidae.. __ _________ __.

Globorotaliidae. _ ____ _____ ____..

References cited __ _________ _ ____.

Index. __ ___ _________ _ __-__-___ ____.

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ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 1 -12 follow index]

PLATES 1-11. Smaller Foraminifera from Midway. 

12. Rocks from Midway drill holes.

FIGUKE 1. Map of Midway atoll, showing location of drill holes.

Page 

___________ El

2. Diagram showing correlation between Reef hole and Sand Island hole,

Midway atoll______________________________________________ 6

3. Diagram showing correlation between Midway, Bikini, and Eniwetok

drill holes___________--_-___-_-_-________________________ 7

TABLES

Page 

TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Reef

drill hole, Midway atoll___________________________________ E10

2. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Sand

Island drill hole, Midway atoll___________________________ 22

ni

GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES

By RUTH TODD and DORIS Low

ABSTRACT

Two cored drill holes yielded abundant free specimens of 

smaller Foraminifera. All beds are interpreted as of shallow 

deposition, probably near or within a reef. Both holes reached 

the basaltic foundation, one at 516 feet and the other at 1,261 

feet. Miocene (Tertiary g) was reached at 445 feet in the 

shallower hole, at 500 feet in the deeper. The deeper hole is 

Tertiary e (lower Miocene) in its lower part. AustrotrilUna 

striata, a miliolid which became extinct in Tertiary e and is 

known only in Europe, Asia, and the western Pacific, is present 

in abundance in the lower part of the deeper hole. More than 

400 core samples were examined. Checklists give the occurrence 

and abundance of about 172 species. Three species are described 

as new Angulogerina midwayensis, Eponides formosulus, and 

NeoconorMna rustica.

INTRODUCTION

In 1965, two cored holes were drilled about 4 miles 

apart on Midway atoll seeking evidence on the environment, age, and history of the Hawaiian Island chain. 

As shown in figure 1, the Sand Island hole was drilled 

on the northern edge of the island of that name, which 

is within the southern sector of the atoll, and the Eeef 

hole was drilled on the northern edge of the lagoon 

from a barge resting in 8 feet of water. Both holes 

reached the basaltic foundation of the seamount upon 

which Midway atoll grew; in Sand Island hole at 516 

feet and in Reef hole at 1,261 feet (Ladd and others, 

1967, p. 1088). The age of the oldest sedimentary rocks, 

those immediately above the basaltic foundation, is 

early Miocene (Tertiary e), and the overlying stratigraphic section is Miocene up to within 445 feet and 

500 feet of the surface (in Sand Island hole and in Reef 

hole, respectively). Age of the post-Miocene section 

of rocks and unconsoliclated debris is not determinable 

by Foraminifera. The Foraminifera fauna recovered 

from the cored rocks is meager compared with that associated with coral reefs in lower latitudes. However, 

172 species were identified from the Miocene and postMiocene rocks in the two holes together.

28°177°31 r 28 

21'

16'

28° 

08'

5 MILES

i i i i

5 KILOMETERS

CONTOURS IN FATHOMS

FIGURE 1. Map of Midway atoll, showing location of drill holes. 

S, Sand Island hole; R, Reef hole. From Ladd, Tracey, and 

Gross (1970).

At the top of the holes, the Sand Island assemblages 

are richer than those from Reef hole, possibly because 

they were laid down nearer to land. Although Sand Island hole was drilled to a depth less than one-half that 

of Reef hole, 120 species were recorded from Sand Island hole, nearly 83 percent of the total number of 

species (145) taken from Reef hole. At the corresponding depth of 500 feet in each hole, which is the deepest 

point from which specimens were obtained from Sand 

Island hole, 50 percent more species were recorded from 

Sand Island than Reef hole. The two holes have 89 

species in common; 31 species occur only in Sand Island 

hole and 55 only in Reef hole. Thus, there is a total 

fauna of smaller Foraminifera of approximately 175

El
E2 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

species, including three identified only as to general 

group.

Acknowledgments. The study benefited from our 

having the opportunity to examine and take samples 

from the well cores, and we are grateful to H. S. Ladd 

for arranging the National Science Foundation supporting funds for our visit to the Hawaii Institute of 

Geophysics for this purpose. For suggestions and helpful discussions of our work, we are indebted to many 

colleagues, chiefly C. G. Adams, W. Storrs Cole, J. E. 

Hazel, H. S. Ladd, Frances L. Parker, Johanna M. 

Resig, and J. I. Tracey, Jr. Our appreciation goes to 

Ted Murphy of the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics for 

his assistance in handling the core boxes and in other 

ways during our stay at the University of Hawaii.

The figures on plates 1-9 are drawings by Mrs. Naida 

Page; those on plates 10 and 11 are photographs retouched by the junior author; and those on plate 12 are 

photographs of rock sections cut by Richard Margerum 

and photographed by Robert H. McKinney.

PREPARATION OF MATERIAL

Better consolidated sediments and improved drilling 

methods resulted in a far better core recovery at Midway 

(Ladd and others, 1967, p. 1088-1089, table 1, fig. 4) 

than that obtained at Eniwetok (Ladd and others, 1953, 

p. 2259-2268, fig. 2). Of the approximately 421 samples 

reported on in this paper (tables 1 and 2), all but one 

are from cores; whereas of the 406 samples tabulated 

from the Eniwetok drill holes E-l and F-l (Todd and 

Low, 1960, tables 2 and 3), only 23 were taken from 

cores.

The3-inch-diameter cores, retrieved in a rubber sleeve, 

were cut in 5-foot lengths at Midway and packed in 

numbered wooden boxes for storage at Honolulu. During our 4-week visit at the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics at the University of Hawaii in early 1966, parts of 

these cores were given spot checks for Foraminifera 

and other microfossils. Series of samples were then selected for detailed study, and our collection information 

was marked on the inside of the box covers for future 

reference.

Sections indicating the most promising results were 

sampled at intervals of 6 inches or less. A good example 

of this is the interval of 1,101.5-1,115.5 feet in the Reef 

hole (table 1) a series of 16 samples within 15 feet of 

core (core boxes 303-305). Boxes containing poorly consolidated material could not be marked as to more precise depths. Some covered 5 feet of drilling depth but 

less than 5 feet of core recovery. For this situation the 

tables show the inclusive depth figures for an individual 

box and indicate the part of the box that was sampled. 

For example, from the depth 866 to 871 feet in the Reef

hole (table 1), box 255 yielded three samples listed as 

866-871 top, 866-871 middle, and 866-871 bottom.

In examining the cores we noted a fluctuation in 

richness of assemblage that was unreflected by any obvious change in lithology of the sediments. Some of the 

poorer samples examined were eliminated from the tables. However, very few of the samples examined were 

wholly barren of smaller Foraminifera.

For final study, the samples were routinely prepared 

by gently boiling and then washing on a 200-mesh 

screen. Some were treated with hydrogen peroxide, but 

this was ineffective on the harder, more recrystallized 

sediment.

Unlike the Eniwetok study in which each of us concentrated on one drill hole (Todd and Low, 1960, 

p. 800), we combined our examination of the Midway 

material by each picking and mounting alternate samples throughout both holes.

SUMMARY OF FAUNAS

Tables 1 and 2 show the distribution and abundance 

of species in Reef hole and Sand Island hole, respectively. In each table, the species are arranged in order 

of their first appearances and are numbered consecutively. In the text the species are arranged in systematic 

order and the consecutive numbers are included there 

in order to facilitate finding the species on the tables.

REEF HOLE

Coring started at about 70 feet. From this level down 

to the sample at 103.5 feet the hole penetrated a fairly 

rich imliolid-Amphistegina f acies similar to but slightly 

less rich than the imliolid-Amphistegina facies at the 

top of Sand Island hole. The major constituent, Amphistegina madagcvscariensis d'Orbigny, is accompanied 

by Marginopora vertebralis Quoy and Gaimard and a 

large variety of miliolids as well as various other species, 

mostly rotaliids and bolivinids.

Below the sample at 103.5 feet with its rich and wellpreserved fauna, the material is quite meager and badly 

obscured by recrystallization down to 500 feet, although 

A. madagascariensis maintains its abundance more or 

less throughout, except where it is replaced by Heterostegina (Cole, 1969, p. C8) between 376.5 and 400 feat. 

Marginopora vertebralis and Reussella simplex (Cushman) are discontinuously present. At 206 feet Rosalinda 

turgid a (Dorreen) makes its appearance. Between 362.5 

and 381 feet, the only recognizable fossils are miliolid 

fragments.

The sample at about 426 feet is a good one and includes several planktonic species in addition to the rotaliids and bolivinids already found at higher levels. 

Between 426 and 500 feet, the recrystallized zone con-
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E3

tinues with virtually undeterminable specimens, probably of the genus Amphistegina.

At 500 feet there is a sudden and nearly complete 

change at the top of the Miocene. The material is less 

crystallized and the following species make their first 

appearance:

Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post 

Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post 

Baggina parva Todd 

Bolivinella folium (Parker and Jones) 

Cribrogoesella parvula Todd and Low 

Crlobigerina trilocularis d'Orbigny 

Neoconorbina patelliformis (Brady) 

Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post 

Valvulina martii Cushman and Bermudez

This level is equivalent to that at 445 feet in Sand Island 

hole where the top of the Miocene is marked by a conglomerate of basalt boulders and cobbles, and the f aunal 

change is nearly as striking with first appearances of 

Amphistegina bikiniensis, Asterigerina tentoria, Valvulammina marshallwia, and Valvulina martii.

We interpret the age of the top of the Miocene at 

Midway as Tertiary g. This interpretation is based on 

the combined presence of Valvulammina marshallana 

and Asterigerina tentoria. The top occurrence of A. tentoria is in Tertiary g at Bikini and in Tertiary / at Eniwetok, whereas the top occurrence of Valvulammina 

marshallmia is in Tertiary g at both Bikini and Eniwetok. Although the top occurrence of Amphistegina bikiniensis is in the middle part of Tertiary e at Eniwetok 

and Bikini, and either close above or close below the top 

of Austrotrillina striata, it is found relatively much 

higher here at Midway, where its top occurrence is with 

that of Valvulammina marshallana and Asterigerina 

tentoria.

At about 510 feet and also 514-516 feet, the core 

consists of limestone pieces on the surface of which can 

be seen densely packed specimens of miliolids, some as 

sections and some as whole individuals. (See pi. 12, fig. 

3.) The interval containing Asterigerina tentoria ends 

at about 560 feet and that containing Valvulammina 

ends at about 570 feet. Both species reappear at deeper 

levels. The sediment, though much recrystallized, still 

contains usually abundant Amphistegina, now the 

species A. bikiniensis.

The top of Tertiary e at about 590 feet, as interpreted 

by Cole (1969, p. C2) on the basis of larger Foramini'fera, is not evident in the fauna of smaller Foraminifera which continues with little change down to about 

910 feet where the first specimens of Austrotrillina 

appear.

In the interval of more than 300 feet between the top 

of Tertiary e (about 590 ft) and the first significant 

change shown by smaller Foraminifera, specimens of

Amphistegina bikiniensis are more or less consistently 

present, accompanied in some samples by large spherical 

specimens of Gypsina globula (Keuss). The sediments 

are mostly coarsely recrystallized so that the larger 

specimens of Foraminifera are poorly preserved, often 

nearly obscured by crystal coatings and accompanying 

shell and algal debris, and the smaller specimens 

bolivinids, nonionids, and rotaliids are usually missing. (See pi. 12, fig. 5.)

At around 875 feet the assemblage of smaller species, 

although still meager, becomes more clearly discernable, 

and at 876.5 feet the first specimens of Baggatella sp. 

appear.

At about 910 feet, limestone fragments show the first 

rare specimens of Austrotrillina strmta Todd and Post, 

the distinctive Tertiary e miliolid that occurs in floods 

at deeper levels.

Beginning at 930 feet, most of the samples contain 

fairly rich assemblages of smaller Foraminifera consisting chiefly of species of the following genera: 

Clavulina, Quinqueloculina, Pyrgo, Bolivina, Reussella, 

Rosalina, Rotorbinella, Nonion, and Cibicides. First occurrences at about this level include the following 

species:

Astacolus sp.

Bolivina fastigia Cushman

Cancris pauciloculatus Cushman and McGlamery

Eponides formosulus Todd and Low, n. sp.

Gaudryina trlangularis angulata Cushman

Planorbulinella larvata (Parker and Jones)

Spiroloculina ocolusa (Cushman)

Virgulina complanata Bgger

At 979.5-981 feet a thin oyster bed was penetrated. 

All the associated Foraminifera are small kinds species of Bolivina, BulimineUa,' Virgulina, Angulogerina, 

Pseudononion, and Caucasina (its first occurrence). 

Ammonia beccarii tepida ('Cushman), indicating nearbrackish conditions, is also associated with the oyster 

bed. A second oyster bed occurs about 61^ feet lower, 

again with the same associated species.

The assemblages continue to be rich, and gradually 

more first occurrences are added. Between 930 and 1,027 

feet an almost complete lack of Amphistegina bikiniensis is noted, with such species as Rotorbinella mira 

(Cushman), Nonion paci,ficum (Cushman), Rosalina 

globularis d'Orbigny, and Cibicides lobatulus (Walker 

and Jacob) occupying the dominant position. Between 

1,027 and 1,043 feet the following species have their first 

occurrence:

Glabratella sp.

Nonion akitaense Asano

Pseudononion aff. P. tredecum Asano

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny

Q. costata d'Orbigny

Spiroloculina communis Oushman and Todd
E4 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

At about 1,027 feet Amphistegina bikiniensis resumes 

its position of dominance in the assemblages. Many of 

the samples contain beautifully preserved specimens, 

but some show effects of recrystallization. The sample 

at 1,008.5 feet shows perfect preservation. The chambers 

are empty with pores visible, and the walls are lustrous. 

In some samples the individual specimens show abrasion, possibly from reworking, and in some there appear 

to be beach-polished grains.

A diverse fauna at 1,042 feet seems to indicate relatively shallower wT ater deposition, although none of the 

Midway faunas indicate deposition at depths greater 

than several hundred feet. In this sample were observed 

grains of polished beach sand, and the Foraminifera 

assemblage Amphistegina, large miliolids, peneroplids, and species of Cornuspira, Bolivinella, Buliminella, Virgulina, Bolivina,, Rosalina, Elphidium, Pseudononion, and Cibicides is suggestive of near-shore and 

shallow deposition.

At 1,044-1,046 feet, a soft black clay contains mostly 

Amphistegina, with little else in the medium-size fraction. The fine fraction is rich in species of Bolivina, Virgulina, Buliminella, Bolivinella, Caucasina, Rosalina, 

Nonion, Pseudononion, Elphidium, and Cibicides.

Between 1,046 and 1,101.5 feet, many samples are 

either barren of Foraminifera or very poor, and those 

that do contain identifiable species consist in large part 

of semiconsolidated organic debris, recrystallized and 

cavernous. Amphistegina bikiniensis and unidentifiable 

miliolids make up most of the fauna. (See pi. 12, fig. 2.)

Between 1,101.5 and 1,108 feet the following species 

have their first occurrences:

Bolwina, alassanensis Oushman 

Cycloloculina sp. 

Gyroidina orMcularis d'Orbigny 

Heronallenia sp. 

Marginulina, procera (Stache) 

Siphonodosaria"! sp.

Below the change at 1,101.5 feet, the assemblages are 

rich in most of the samples and by 1,106.75 feet, AustrotriUina striata is abundant. At this level, Valvulammina 

marshattana recurs. In addition, Valvulina martii, that 

accompanies Valvulammina marshattana at the top of 

the Miocene, accompanies it here also.

From this level down to 1,120 feet, the sediment is 

dominated by Austrotrillina striata, and in places consists of an Austrotrillina sand. (See pi. 12, fig. 4.) A. 

striata, a species having an upper age limit of Tertiary 

e, confirms the Tertiary e age of this part of the section. 

The associated fauna of smaller Foraminifera is rich 

and moderately well preserved, and Rotorbinella mira 

approaches Amphistegina bikiniemis in abundance in 

some samples.

Between 1,113 and 1,120.5 feet, G-ypsina discus Goes 

occurs in association with Austrotrillina striata. 

Although Austrotrillina is absent or very rare below 

1,120 feet, the assemblage associated with it continues 

down to about 1,129 feet.

Below a virtually barren interval of 36 feet, a totally 

different fauna occurs at 1,165 feet. In a dark-brown 

clay (pi. 12, fig. 6), the assemblage is dominated by 

Bolwina striatula Cushman, Buliminella elegantissima 

(d'Orbigny), Virgulina complanata Egger, Rotor- 

~binella mira (Cushman), and Amphistegina ~bikiniensis 

Todd and Post. The specimens appear fresh and unchanged by recrystallization.

Beneath an additional 21 feet of barren sediment is 

found the lowest fauna at Midway at 1,186 feet 

are abundant miliolids (Quinqueloculina laevigata 

d'Orbigny) and common peneroplids (Peneroplis protens d'Orbigny) plus a few rare individuals of species 

known from higher levels, all represented by glauconite 

molds. This miliolid-peneroplid fauna appears to be a 

reef or near-reef deposit.

There are no faunal elements suggesting an age any 

older than Miocene for either of these two lowest Midway faunas.

SAND ISLAND HOLE

Coring in the shallower drilling, Sand Island hole, 

started about 40 feet higher than in Keef hole. This may 

account, in part, for the slightly richer fauna obtained 

from the top of this hole. The facies in the uppermost 

section is similar to that of the Reef hole with Amphistegina madagascariensis d'Orbigny and Marginopora 

vertebralis Quoy and Gaimard dominating numerous 

miliolids, buliminids, and rotaliids.

Samples from 137 to 148 feet, including the only 

sample of cuttings (145 feet), contain abundant wellpreserved specimens especially rich in miliolids. 

Although Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob) continues fairly regularly to the bottom, it is most common 

in this section. More than 58 percent of the Sand Island 

species (70 taxa) make their first appearance in the top 

148 feet of the hole.

From this level downward the material is mostly 

hard, porous, and recrystallized and yields generally 

meager faunas. At 152.5 feet, Marginopora vertebralis 

becomes rare and continues only sporadically downward. Amphistegina madagascariensis is also rare and 

worn here but is again abundant, although still poorly 

preserved, from 218 to 241 feet and from 296.5 to 443 

feet. (See pi. 12, fig. 1.)

Miliolids are virtually absent below 241 feet except 

for rare unidentifiable fragments. Two additional exceptions are Quingu-eloculina polygona (d'Orbigny)
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E5

and Spirolocidina 'manifesto, Cushman and Todd occurring commonly at 259.8 feet.

At 242.5 feet a small shallow-water fauna of Foraminifera is accompanied by many specimens of the ostracode Cyprideis beaconensis LeRoy. This ostracode 

indicates brackish water conditions (J. E. Hazel, written 

commun., 1969). Specimens of Elphidium and Discorbis vesicularis dimidiata (Parker and Jones) are 

present here within a 1-foot interval but do not recur 

further down.

Nothing much of significance appears in the small 

residues obtained from the hard, recrystallized cores in 

this interval down to 445 feet. ReusseUa simplex (Cushman) and Cymbaloporetta bradyi (Cushman) occur 

together in sporadic common to abundant numbers from 

258.8 to 321 feet. From 296.5 to 443 feet, Amphistegina 

madagascariensis is once again, common to abundant 

but ends abruptly at the latter depth.

Between 427 and 443 feet, a coarse conglomerate of 

basaltic cobbles occurs. The only Foraminifera found in 

it are Amphistegina madagascariensis and undeterminable miliolid fragments.

The following significant species make their first appearance at 445 feet, interpreted as the top of the Miocene in the Sand Island hole: Amphistegina bikiniensis 

Todd and Post (abundant), Valvulammina marshattana 

Todd and Post, and Valvu\lina martii Cushman 

and Bermudez. At 446 feet, the Miocene evidence is 

strengthened by Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post 

and fragments of Austrotrillina, presumably A. striata 

Todd and Post. These are unmistakable remnants of 

Austrotrillina and are the only representatives of the 

genus in the Sand Island cores, presumably reworked 

from Tertiary e.

The existence of reworked material at this level so 

close beneath the basaltic conglomerate between 427 and 

443 feet is to be expected. We assume that the ancestral 

Midway basaltic foundation was receiving sediments 

as it sank and that locally these sediments were eroded 

and redeposited due to intermittent rising and sinking 

of the local area with respect to sea level. The presence 

of the basaltic cobbles suggests that the site of Sand 

Island hole was near land receiving sedimentation 

from some adjacent higher area. Hence some of the 

earlier deposited Tertiary e specimens from the abundant Austrotrillina sand probably became mixed with 

the Tertiary g specimens that lived in the area at 

the time preceding the deposition of the basaltic 

conglomerate.

The material from about 460 feet to the bottom is 

mostly hard and recrystallized with some core pieces 

being porous agglomerates of reef debris. It yields rare,

375-049 O 70 2

mostly very tiny, poorly preserved Foraminifera down 

to 500 feet. Additional first occurrences which may be 

of significance are the following between 460 and 485 

feet:

Angulogerina tenmstriata (Reuss) 

Baggina parva Todd 

Buccella perforata Todd and Low 

Clavulina multioamerata Chapman 

G-lobigerma trilacularte d'Orbigny 

GloMgerinoides triloTtus altiap&rturus Bolli

Of these, Globigerinoides trilobus altiaperturus and 

Angulogerina tenuistriata are not found in our Reef 

hole cores.

Some bolivinids such as Bolivina striatula Cushman, 

B. compacta Sidebottom, and Reussella simplex (Cushman) recur from about 460 feet to the bottom. Bolivina 

striatula is strikingly abundant from 483.5 to 489 feet. 

At 488-496 feet Gypsina globula (Reuss) increases in 

number of specimens and from there persists rarely to 

the bottom.

Between 483.5 and 501.5 feet, specimens of the agglutinated species Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny and C. 

multicamerata Chapman have incorporated black 

grains into their otherwise white tests. These black 

grans indicate that the sediment on which these species lived included black grains, presumably of volcanic rock.

Organic fragments from 500.6 to 529.5 feet seem 

to be of little significance, and the cores are omitted 

from table 2.

PALEOECOLOGY

The kinds of smaller Foraminifera present in therocks of the Midway drill holes indicate a marine envir1 

onment throughout except for two narrow zones: one at 

about 242 feet in Sand Island hole characterized by 

species of Elphidmm and Discorbis together with associated brackish water ostracodes, and the other, oyster 

beds at about 980 and 986 feet in Reef hole where 

Ammonia beccarii tepida and several other species 

suggest a brackish environment.

Depth of deposition was shallow, no deeper than 

around 300 feet and probably much shallower, such 

as 60-150 feet. Grains of polished beach sand and 

abraded specimens of Foraminifera at 1,042 feet in Reef 

hole suggest near-short and shallow deposition. The 

assemblage at 1,186 feet in Reef hole suggests it lived 

on a reef. No significant difference in depth of deposition was observed between the two holes except that in 

Sand Island hole the top of the Miocene is marked by a 

conglomerate of basaltic boulders whereas in the Reef 

hole, no conglomerate marks the top of the Miocene.
E6 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Turbulence was probably not severe over most of 

the area of deposition. In some parts of the section, 

such as at 1,045 feet and 1,165 feet in Reef hole, the 

faunal assemblage suggests that it may have lived 

behind a fringing reef. However, the presence of rare 

globigerinids, mostly in the post-Miocene parts of the 

section, is evidence of the circulation of oceanic water 

over the area of deposition.

Around 1,105-1,120 feet, where Austrotrillina striata 

Todd and Post is abundant enough to constitute an 

Austrotrillina sand, we interpret the conditions to have 

been shallow and possibly moderately turbulent.

Temperature, as is to be expected for this latitude, 

wT as undoubtedly cooler than that of the Marshall and 

Mariana Islands in lower latitudes. Lowered temperature is accompanied by decrease in number of species, 

and the Midway assemblages have significantly fewer 

species than do assemblages in the Marshalls and Marianas. Moreover, the presence of such a species as Fissurina cucurbitasem-a Loeblich and Tappan, that was described from the Arctic, implies cooler water.

Remoteness of new volcanic islands from a source 

of colonization may also contribute to the sparseness of 

the population at Midway. Shallow-water benthonic 

species can be "filtered" by adverse conditions as they 

move, presumably by some sort of rafting as discussed 

by Cole (1960a, p. 15-17), for long distances across 

areas such as oceanic regions where they do not live.

CORRELATION

Correlation between the two Midway holes is fairly 

clear at 445 feet in Sand Island hole and 500 feet in 

Reef hole where the following species first appear: 

Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post, Asterigerina 

tentoria Todd and Post, Valvulammina marshallana 

Todd and Post, and Valvulina martii Cushman and 

Bermudez; and this level is interpreted as the top of the 

Miocene (Tertiary g). Many other species occur in common between the two holes, both above and below the 

top of the Miocene, but no others besides those mentioned seem to be useful for precise correlation. There 

seems no evidence that the bottom of Sand Island hole 

extends below Tertiary g.

Several points of probable correlation between the 

Miocene section at Midway and sections studied at 

Bikini (Todd and Post, 1954) and Eniwetok (Todd and 

Low, 1960) are recognizable, although the Midway section appears to be only about half the thickness of the 

Marshall Islands ones, and there is a striking lack at 

Midway of the genera Galcarina and Pararotalia and 

the heavy-walled species of Ammonia that make up 

dominating parts of the assemblages in the Marshalls.

The top of the Miocene at Midway at 445 and 500 feet 

in the two holes is marked by the first appearances of 

Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post, Asterigerina 

tentoria Todd and Post, Cribrogoesella parvula Todd 

and Low, Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post,

FIGURE 2. Correlation between Reef hole and Sand Island hole, Midway atoll. Core depths are in feet below drilling platform, 

which was 16.5 feet above mean lower low water for Sand Island hole and 10.5 feet for Reef hole.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E7

and Valwdina martli Cushman and Bermudez. Tops of 

these species in the two sections in the Marshalls are 

tabulated below.

Bikini Eniwetok

hole SB hole E-l

(in ft) (in ft)

Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post_____ 1, 891 «*!, 500

Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post_________ 852 960

Cribrogoesella parvula Todd and Low_ _______ 1, 293 1, 020

Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post____ 852 800

Valvulina martii Cushman and Bermudez____ 1, 209 1, 030

We favor placing more weight on Valvulammina 

marshallana and Asterigerina tentoria to correlate the 

level at 445 feet in Sand Island hole and 500 feet in 

Reef hole with levels of approximately 800 feet at 

Eniwetok and 850 feet at Bikini.

An alternative interpretation is that the unconformity at the basaltic conglomerate above 445 feet in Sand 

Island hole has removed some of the upper part of the 

Miocene represented at 800 and 850 feet at Eniwetok 

and Bikini and that the correlation should be made with 

a deeper level in those two sections. This alternative

Midway 0 I 

500'-

1000' -

1500'

2000' -

2500' -

3000' -

3500' -

4000' -

4500'

DISTANCE, IN MILES 

1600

Eniwetoki 

Bikini

Cyc/o/ocu//na 

Zone of abundant AustrotriUina

FIGUBE 3. Correlation between Midway, Bikini, and Eniwetok 

drill holes.

interpretation is supported by that of Cole (1969, p. 

C3) in which the Reef hole section between 590 and 960 

feet is correlated with the part of the Tertiary e section 

that lies between 1,190 and 1,452 feet at Eniwetok and 

between 1,387 and 1,597 feet at Bikini.

Miocene age seems fairly well established for the section in Reef hole above 590 feet, the uppermost occurrence of Tertiary e larger Foraminifera, and below 500 

feet, the uppermost occurrence of Miocene smaller Foraminifera. What is in question is what part of the Miocene this should be assigned to. No larger Foraminifera 

were found in this questionable 90 feet of section that is 

correlated, by smaller Foraminifera, with about 55 feet 

of section underlying a basaltic conglomerate in Sand 

Island hole. This questionable Miocene section could 

conceivably be placed in Tertiary e, Tertiary /, or Tertiary gLacking evidence for placing this questionable section 

in Tertiary e or Tertiary /, we favor placing it in Tertiary g on the basis of the occurrence of Valvulammina 

marshallana and Asterigerina tentoria. The former 

ranges downward from beds determined by larger 

Foraminifera to be Tertiary g at both Bikini and Eniwetok. The latter ranges downward from beds determined by larger Foraminifera to be Tertiary g at 

Bikini and Tertiary / at Eniwetok.

AustrotriUina striata Todd and Post provides another 

good correlation between Midway and the Marshall Islands. This genus, having become extinct with the end 

of Tertiary e, is found at its highest point at 911 feet in 

Reef hole but is not abundant until between 1,110 and 

1,120 feet. In the Marshalls it is first observed at a depth 

of 1,658 feet in hole E-l at Eniwetok and about 1,600 

feet in holes 2A and 2B at Bikini, and the zones of its 

abundance are at 1,835-2,003 feet at Eniwetok and about 

1,700-2,250 feet at Bikini. Thus we assume the extinction 

of AustrotriUina striata makes a reliable point of correlation, namely about 911 feet at Midway, about 1,658 

feet at Eniwetok, and about 1,600 feet at Bikini. Moreover, the narrow zone of abundant AustrotriUina between 1,110 and 1,120 feet at Midway probably falls 

somewhere within the thicker zones of common to 

abundant AustrotriUina between 1,835 and 2,003 feet at 

Eniwetok and about 1,700-2,250 feet at Bikini.

Another species showing possible correlation between 

Midway and the Marshalls is Gycloloculina sp. At Midway it occurs between 1,106.75 and 1,126 feet, approximately within the zone of abundant AustrotriUina. At 

Bikini it occurs between 1,891.5 and 1,902 feet in hole 

2B which is also within this zone of abundance.

Outside the Marshalls, there are other possible correlations. The finding of the planktonic subspecies 

(rlobigerinoides trilobus altiaperturus Bolli in Sand
E8 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Island hole at 460 feet, about 15 feet below the top of 

the Miocene, provides a correlation with Bodjonegoro-1 

well in Java where the same form is reported as occurring in the lower and middle Miocene (Bolli, 1966, range 

chart). The benthonic assemblage of the Bodjonegoro-1 

well, however, being of deep-water facies (Boomgaart, 

1949), has virtually nothing in common with the Midway section.

Bolivina, chinenensis LeRoy described from the 

Pliocene of Okinawa, and also known (under another 

name) from the Miocene (Tertiary /) part of the Eniwetok section, occurs in both the Miocene and the postMiocene parts of Sand Island hole and the Miocene 

part of Reef hole. It seems to have a rather long range 

and is probably not useful for close correlation.

SYSTEMATIC CATALOG

In the systematic catalog that follows we have added 

symbols to facilitate locating each species in the Reef 

hole (table 1) and the Sand Island hole (table 2). On 

each table the species are numbered consecutively and 

in the text these numbers are included after each 

species. For example, S49, R22 means that Textularia 

foliacea is No. 49 in the Sand Island hole and No. 22 in 

the Reef hole. Extra categories are tabulated in each 

hole to include unidentifiable specimens in the Miliolidae 

and Peneroplidae. They are No. 55 for miliolid fragments, No. 87 for miliolid molds, and No. 63 for peneroplids in the Reef hole and No. 71 for miliolid fragments and No. 101 for miliolid molds in the'Sand Island 

hole.

Family HYPERAMMINIDAE 

Genus SA6ENINA Chapman, 1900

Sagenina frondescens (Brady) 

Sagenwa frondescens (Brady). Todd, 1966, p. 31, pi. 17, fig. 1.

A piece of shell having slender tubes attached to its 

inner surface was found in the 35.5-40-foot sample 

from Sand Island hole.

Species No. S29.

Family TEXTULARIIDAE 

Genus TEXTULARIA Defrance, 1824

Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny

Textularia agglutinans d'Orbigny. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 328, pi. 83, fig. 2.

Typical specimens were found in the post-Miocene 

section of Sand Island hole only, where they are of good 

size and fairly common and persistent between 284 and 

300 feet.

Species No. S60.

Textularia foliacea Heron-Alien and Earland

Textularia foliacea Heron-Alien and Earland. Cushman, Todd, 

and Post, 1954, p. 329, pi. 83, fig. 7.

Two typical specimens were found at 137 feet in Sand 

Island hole. A juvenile specimen at 73 feet in Reef hole 

is questionably included.

Species Nos. S49, R22.

Family VERNEUILINIDAE 

Genus GAUDRYINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Gaudryina triangularis angulata Cushman

Gaudryina triangularis var. angulata Cushman. Cushman, Todd, 

and Post, 1954, p. 331, pi. 83, fig. 14.

Several well-preserved specimens of this angular subspecies occur at about 930 feet in the Reef hole. Additional less well preserved specimens are found between 

1,074 and 1,118 feet. The species was found in an Eniwetok core sample from 2,000 feet considered Miocene in 

age, as well as from cuttings from 700 to 1,300 feet in 

that drill hole.

Species No R103.

Subgenus SIFHOGAUDRYINA Cushman, 1935

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) rugulosa Cushman

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) rugulosa, Cushman. Cushman,

Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 331, pi. 82, fig. 1. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 818, pi. 255, fig. 2; pi. 263, fig. 3.

The rugged surface features of this species are very 

apparent through the sugary recrystallization of the 

rare specimens from near the top of the Reef hole. The 

species has been found in the Holocene sediments of the 

Pacific and in Tertiary sediments of both the Marshall 

and Mariana Islands.

Species No. R56.

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera (Brady)

Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera (H. B. Brady). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 331, pi. 83, fig. 17. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 818.

Fresh specimens of this tubulose species occur in 

the uppermost cores of both holes, to 137 feet in Sand 

Island hole and to 88 feet in Reef hole. It is well known 

in Holocene sediments of the Pacific. LeRoy (1964, p. 

18, pi. 1, fig. 21) noted it from beds of Miocene age in 

southern Okinawa, the oldest recorded occurrence we 

have found.

Species Nos. S36, R4.

Family VALVU1INIDAE 

Genus VALVULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Valvulina davidiana Chapman 

Valvulina davidwna Chapman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 331, pi. 82, fig. 2. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 819.

Valvulina davidiana, the more triangular of the two 

species of this genus occurring in the Midway drill 

holes, is scattered to a depth of 1,125 feet in the Reef 

hole. It occurs more rarely in the Sand Island hole to a 

depth of about 491 feet.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E9

In some samples, namely at 568.5 feet in Reef hole, V. 

davidiana and V. martii occur together. They appear 

to grade into one another, but the specific distinctions 

may be somewhat obscured by recrystallization and 

breakage.

Valvulina davidiana is short and angular, capped by 

the widely expanded final chambers and more open 

apertural area. V. martii is more elongate with rounded 

chambers and deeper sutures; the final chambers are 

gently rounded and the aperture is only slightly depressed and not as commonly broken out.

Species Nos. S68, R64.

Valvulina martii Cushman and Bermudez

Valvulina martii Oushman and Bermudez. Todd and Post, 1954, 

p. 553, pi. 198, fig. 1.

In both holes at Midway this species is associated 

with Valvulammina marshallana as it was at Bikini and 

Eniwetok. Specimens are less abundant than those of V. 

marshallajna and are quite variable. All are of moderately large size and are irregularly angular. They are 

slenderer than Valvulina davidiana.

Species Nos. S104, R81.

Genus VAIVTJXAMMINA Cushman, 1933

Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post

Plate 10, figures 1-8

Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post, 1954, p. 554, pi. 198,

fig. 3. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 820, pi. 255, fig. 4.

This large and striking species was described from 

Miocene beds in the deep drill hole at Bikini and was 

subsequently found in both Miocene and Eocene beds 

of the deep drill holes on Eniwetok. It is well represented in both Midway holes beginning at the top of 

the Miocene, 445 feet in Sand Island hole and 500 feet 

in Reef hole. In Reef hole, there are two zones of Valvulammina marshallana one between 500 and 568.5 feet 

and another between 1,106.75 and 1,120 feet.

Species M?s.-^S103, R80.

Genus CIAVTJXINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny 

Plate 1, figure 2; plate 11, figure 4

Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny. Todd and Low, I960, p. 819. 

Clavulina pacifica Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p, 

332, pi. 83, fig. 19.

This neatly built triangular species is found nearly 

throughout both holes, most commonly and persistently 

in the lower parts of Reef hole, namely between 527 and 

585 feet, 928 and 970.5 feet, 1,049.75 and 1,066.5 feet, and 

1,091 and 1,129 feet. Between 1,118 and 1,122 feet, typical forms are accompanied by rare specimens of a form 

in which the final few chambers are flattened instead 

of triangular in section.

This species, under the name of Clavulina pacifica, is 

widely reported from the Pacific. 

Species No-s. S34, R41.

Clavulina multicamerata Chapman 

Plate 1, figure 1

Clavulina parisiensis d'Orbigny var. multicamerata Ohapman,

1907, p. 127, pi. 9, fig. 5. 

Clavulina multicamerata Chapman. Todd, 1957, p. 277 (table

3), pi. 81, figs. 6, 7.

This species is circular in section following a small 

triangular initial stage. It was described from off Port 

Phillip, Victoria, Australia, and has been reported from 

the Miocene of Saipan and the Miocene of the deep 

drilling at Eniwetok. At Midway it is found in both 

holes in the Miocene part, from 512 to 1,126.3 feet in 

Reef hole and 485-497.5 feet in Sand Island hole.

Species Nos. S119, R84.

Genus TRITAXILINA Cushman, 1911 

Tritaxilina aff. T. hantkeni Cushman 

Tritaxilina hantkeni Cushman (1936, p. 41, pi. 6, fig. 

13) was described from beds of early Oligocene age in 

Hungary, and we found no records of any later origin. 

The specimens from 928 feet in the Reef hole are poorly 

preserved, which makes a more precise identification impossible. 

Species No. R99.

Genus CRIBROGOESELLA Cushman, 1935

Cribrogoesella parvula Todd and Low

Plate 1, figure 3

Cribrogoesella parvula Todd and Low, 1960, p. 820, pi. 261, 

figs. 1, 2.

This species was described from the Miocene section, 

both in the parts referred to Tertiary / and to Tertiary 

e, of Eniwetok drill hole E-l. It has also been reported 

from drill hole 2B at Bikini.

At Midway, typical specimens are fairly common at 

the top of the Miocene at 500 feet in Reef hole, and two 

rare fragments were found below at 545 and 568.5 feet.

Species No. R75.

Family MILIOIIDAE 

Genus QUINQUELOCTTLINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny 

Plate 11, figure 2

Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny, 1846, p. 290, pi. 18, 

figs. 16-21.

This widely recorded species, originally described 

from the Miocene of the Vienna Basin, is found in some 

numbers at 1041.25 feet in Reef hole. Specimens are 

thick, rounded in section, and rounded at top and bottom 

of the test.

Species No. R127.
TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Reef drill hole, Midway atoll

[A, abundant; O, common; X, present]

Depth, in feet. ................................

3. Eponides repandus. ............................... .... ...

4. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera... ....... .. . .

5. Homotrema rubrum ......... .... ............. . .....

7. Peneroplis planatus. ...... .............. .... ........

8. Quinqueloculina sulcata. ..................... ...........

9. Rosalina orientalis----. ..................................

10. Rotorbinella mira. ........................................

\\.Spirillmadecorata.-- ......... .........................

12. Spirillina tuberculatolimbata.. ........... ... .............

13. Spirolina arietina. ........................................

14. Spiroloculinaangulata..-. ...............................

15. Triloculina involuta ... ................................

16. Asterigerina indistincta. .................................

17. Cibicides lobatulus--.-. ..................................

18. Gypsina globula.. ............................. .... ... ....

19. Pyrgo denticulate. ....... . . ..................... ... ...

20. Quinqueloculina parkeri.. ................. ... ...........

21. Rosalina micens-. .......................................

22. Textulariafoliacea.. ......................................

23. Triloculina bicarinata. --....... ... .................. .....

24. Triloculina, irregularis ... ... ... .... . .... ....

25. Triloculina kerimbatica... ... ..... ..... . ..... ....

26. Triloculina oblonga....... ......... ... .......... ......

27. Anomalina glabrata.. ... ..--.-...---..__---............_.

28. Planorbulina acervalis. ...................................

29. Acervulina inhaerens ...... ... ...

30. Bolivina compacta.. ......... ..... ..... .... ....

31. Fissurinalagenoides. ...................... .............

33. Hauerina involuta.----- ...

34. MUlcIinellalabiosa..... ......

35. Quinqueloculina tubus. ....... ..... ..... ... . .....

36. Reussella simplex -.--...... ......... ... .. ... ......... .

37. Siphogenerina raphana. ............................... ..

38. Alliatina translucens. ......

39. Bolivina rhomboidalis . . ..... ........ ...... .. .

40. Bolivina stnatula... ....................... ....... .....

41. Clavulina angularis..... ................... .............

42. Qlobigerinita glutinato ................. ................

43. Planorbulinoides retinaculatus

44. Siphoninatubulosa.......

45. Spirillina vivipara. .......... .......

46. Spiroloculinasamoaensis. -----.--. .. ... .... ...

47. Tretomphalus concinnus.. ................. ..... ......

48. Triloculina terquemiana ...

49. Vertebralina striata.. .......

50. Bolivina tortuosa ........... .........

51. Spiroloculina clara .... .................

52. Cibicides mayori

53. Rosalina turgida. . ..

54. Globigerinoides sacculifer....

55. miliolid fragments. . -------

56. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) rugulosa ...

57. Bolivina (Later ostomella) gumbeliniformis .. ...--

58. Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata

59. Neoconorbina rustica n. sp_-

60. Globigerinoides trilobus. .........

61. Globorotalia crassaformis.-.- ...... . ....

62. Rosalina globularis .

63. peneroplids . ...... ....

64. Valvulina davidiana .......

65. Cibicides refulgens. .........

66. Globigerina conglomerata ... ........ . ...

&

X

r,

v

B

r,

X

X

r,

v

A

X

X

?

X

CB 

!>.

v

°9

36

X

X

v

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

v

X

X

>o

s

r,

X

A

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

r,

X

X

X

y

o

V

i

X

v

o

1 1

v

?

v

i

?

0

t^

8

\^

X

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v

c>

V

<M

s

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CO 

(N

X

X

X

v

t^-

Y

X

v

258-263 (box 132 top)

X

258-263 (box 132 bottom)

>o

V

X

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i

t^

CM S

CO

sCM

v

CO

jsi

CQ

v

t^ 

t^.

CQ

v

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8

X

v

v

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v

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X

CB 

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V

X

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v

v

S<M

V

v

v

f
67.

68.

69.

70.

71.

72.

73.

74.

75.

76.

77.

78.

79.

80.

81.

82.

83.

84.

85.

86.

87.

88.

89.

90.

91.

92.

93.

94.

95.

96.

97.

98.

99.

100.

101.

102.

103.

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

109.

110.

111.

112.

113.

1 14.

115.

116.

117.

118.

119.

120.

121.

122.

123.

124.

125.

126.

127.

128.

129.

130.

131.

132.

133.

134.

135.

136.

137.

138.

139.

140.

141.

142.

143.

144.

145.

Globigerinoides conglobatus _______...

Globorotalia inflata. ................

Globorotalia aff. G. margaritae.......

Trifarina aft. T. bradyi. ............

Amphistegina bikiniensis. ..........

Asterigerina tentoria. ...............

Bolivinella folium.-.- ...... ... -....

Buliminella madagascariensis. ......

Cribrogoesella parvula. .............

Globigerina trilocularis-. ...........

Neoconorbin a patelliformis. .........

Quinqueloculina polygona. .... --..-.

Triloculina trigonula ...............

VfrfTOtoimma marshallana. ........

Valvulina martii. ........ ...........

Baggina parva. ....................

Eponides duprei dervoensis .........

Clavulina multicamerata. ...........

Quinqueloculina aff. Q. bradyana... 

Quinqueloculina cf. Q. seminulum. . 

miliolid molds. .........-.---....-.

Glabratella^ sp_. ..----------------.

Nonion paciflcum. .................

Lenticulina sp..... .................

Buccella perforata.. ----------------

Cibicides cicatricosus ----------------

Bolivina chinenensis . . . .............

Buliminella elegantissima. ..........

Cibicidella varlabilis ................

Elphidium advena. .................

Baggatella sp--__. ------------------

Austrotrillina strlata................

Tritaxilina aff. T. hantkeni. ........

Astacolus sp..... ...................

Bolivina fastigia ....................

Bolivina (Loxostomum) mayori ... ...

Gaudryina triangularis angulata....

Neoconorbina crustata. .............

Planorbulinella larvata. ............

Virgulina complanata ..... .... ... ...

Cjfifddirao sp.. .....--. --..-.--. ..

Spirolomlina occlusa . ... ...........

Angulogerina midway ensis n. sp_. .. 

Hauerina mUletU. ..................

Eponides formosulus n. sp.---...-.. 

Cornuspira planorbis. ..............

Neoconorbina floridensis.. ..........

Camera pauciloculatus ..............

Cibicides pseudoungerianus.........

Caucasina sp.. .....................

Pseudononion atlanticum . . ........

^4mTOO«j'a beccarii tepida. ..........

Sigmomorphina aff. S. terquemiana. 

Ammonia beccarii........... ........

Oolina globosa.

Epistominella pulchra. 

Neoconorbina terquemi 

Glabratella ap..... ...

Pseudononion aff. P. 

Quinqueloculina akneriana 

Quinqueloculina costata-... 

Spiroloculina communis. .. 

Nonion akitaense.. ........

Patellina advena-... .......

Eponides subornatus..... ..

Marginulina procera.. .....

Bolivina alazanensis .......

Gyroidina orbicularis. .....

Siphonodosariat sp_. ------

Cycloloculina sp-----_----

Florilus communis........

Heronallenia sp. .........

Nuttallides umboniferus ... 

Gypsina discus....---.-..

Vaginulina obtusicosta. ...

Neoconorbina frustata .....

Peneroplis proteus.... ....

Quinqueloculina laevigata.
TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Reef drill hole, Midway atoll Contin

66. Globigerina conglomerate. ................................

1Q

X

1

X

CO

X

X

3

X

X

--

X

1Q

3CO

X

--

..

--

-.

--

X

--

--

X

1O

X 

X

--

--

396-401 (box 160 middle)

X 

X

X Y

X X 

Y

Y

X V

406-411 (box 162 top)

--

--

406-411 (box 162 middle)

--

 3

13

a

3

1

8T

A

421-426.2 (box 165 bottom)

A

X

s

c A C A A A

i

A A

495-500 (box 180 bottom)

V

X V

Y

lY Y

Y

i Y

f

o

1Q

CO

g

1Q

X

<N CO

>o 1Q

X

X V

X

^>

X

X X

f

X

iH

>o

X

X

oo

1Q

f

OS

>o

y

f

>o >Q

1Q

a1Q

1O

f

XX X X

X X X X X

! --

s

X

!

--

X Y

X X X C C C X 

X X X -- X X X 

- -- X X X -- X

IY

X

Xj

X

X

X

X

Y,

X

Y

X

X X

X

-- X

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TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Reef drill hole, Midway atoll Contin

17. Cibiddes lobatulus.-. ..................................... 

18. Gypsin a globula ....-......----.--...-...-.-.-.....-...--.

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85. Quingueloculina afl. Q. bradyana. .................. _ ..

88. Glabratettal sp. ..........................................

93. Bolivina chinenensis. ........................... ... ...--..

97. Baggatella sp... ............................ ... -----------

99. Tritaxilina afl. T. hantkeni.---....... ......... ...........

101. Bolivina fastigia.. .................................... ..

105. Planorbulinella larvata .. ---------- ----- ------------

107. Cibicidina sp.. ...........................................

110. Hauerinamilletti-... ....... ----------------- .. ........

113. Neoconorbina floridensis ...............................

121. Oolina globosa - . ...............................

122. Astrononion sp ...... .. .... ......... ..............

125. Glabratellasp-. ..........................................

126. Pseudononion afl. P. tredecum.. ....... ...................

133. Marginulina procera ............ ....... . ........

137. Cydoloculina sp ........ . . -------

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141. Gypsina discus.-. .............. . . . -------

143. Neoconorbina frustata

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145. Quingueloculina laevigata ........... . . .. ...

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2. Cymbaloporetta bradyi. . _ ............... .............

3. Eponides repandus .. .. ------- ----.------....-...

4. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera. ...... ...........

5. Homotrema rubrum---. ... . . ......................... .

6. Marginoporavertebralis.. ............. ... ...............

7. Peneroplis planatus. . .............. ..................

8. Quinqueloculina sulcata. --------- -.----.-.-....-.----

9. Rosalina orientalis .. ...... .. __ ----......--..-...._

11. Spirillinadecorata------ - ...............................

13. Spirolina arietina . ----------------- ---.---....-.---.---

14. Spiroloculina angulata .... ... - .-----..-...-.- _ ------

19. Pyrgo denticulata _ -------- ... ........................

22. Textularia foliacea ------------ ---.-...---.._.-----

23. Triloculina bicarinata ---... .. ............. ..........

26. Triloculina oblonga. .... ........ ..................

29. Acervulina inhaerens..-.. .. .......... ........... ..

31. Fissurina lagenoides ...... ... . ............ ....

32. Globigerinoides ruber ........... . ............. .........

33. Hauerina involuta -.. ... -.-.-. ----..-.--_-

34. Miliolinella labiosa . .. . ........... ........... ...

35. Quinquelocul'ma tubus .............. --.-.... ...-.....-

37. Siphogenerinaraphana--.. .... ........... .............

39. Bolivina rhomboidolis ... ........ . ........... ......

43. Planorbulinoides retinaculatus ........... ......... ....

44. Siphonina tubuloia.... .............. .................

46. Spiroloculina sumoaensis. . ........................

47. Tretomphalus concinnus-- .... ........ ............

48. Triloculina terquemiana. ................. ...............

49. Vertebralina striata. ......... ....... . ............. ... ...

50. Bolivina tortuosa ..... .. . .... ..........

51. Spiroloculina clara..-- ................ ......... ...

52. Cibitidesmayori.. . _ ............... ----------------

53. Rosalina turgida .. . ....... . ..... .................

54. Globigerinoides sacculifer ..... ...........................

57. Bolivina (Later ostomella) gumbeliniformis . ... .............

58. Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata...... ........... ... ......

59. Neoconorbina rustica n. sy... .............................

60. Olobigerinoides trilobus.. .............. ... .. .... ...........

61. Oloborotalia crassaformis ...............................

62. Rosalina globularis ......................................

63. peneroplids. .. -------.......---.----.....-....----

64. Valvulina davidiana. ........ ... ..........................

65. Cibiddes refulgens .. .... ........

66. Globigerina conglomerata ... .... _.----...--.- ---..-..-..

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4. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera. .................

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16. Asterigerina \7idistincta......... ..........................

24. Triloculina irregularls. ........................ ..........

25. Triloculina kerimbatica.... .... .........................

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94. Buliminella elegantisslma.. ...... .........................

99. Tritaxilina afl. T. hantkeni. .............. __ .....---.-.

125. Glabratella sp. ................. ... ........ _ ........ _ .

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TABLE 1. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core samples of Reef drill hole, Midway atoll Contin

52. Cibicides mayori- . .................................

66. Olobiaerina conalomerata... ........................

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90. Lenticulina sp. ......................... -.-.--_-....

99. Tritaxilina afi. T.hantkeni. ..... _ ... _______

100. Astacolus sp

122. Astrononion sp _ _-------.---_------.-------._---...

125. Glabratellasp..-. ...... ... ... ______

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E22 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

TABLE 2. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected 

[A, abundant; C, common; X, present.

Depth, In feet. .................. __ .......... ............

2. Anomalina"! maculosa. .................................................. ... .........

4. Hauerina involuta.... .................................................................

7. Paumotua terebra .... ...................................... ... .... .. . ... ...

8. Pyrgo denticulata... .................................................... ... ..... ...

10. Rosalinamicens.... ................. ..................................... .... .........

12. Rosalind rugosa. ......................................................................

13. Rotorbinella mira. ................................................... ... ...............

15. Spirolina arietina ..... ...................... .... ....................... .... ............

16. SpirolocvMna angulata ........................................... ... ........... ......

17. Triloculina involuta.. ................. ............................ .... ... .........

18. Triloculina irregularis..... ........................................ .... ... .........

19. Triloculina kerimbatica. ...............................................................

20. Acermllnainhaerens. ....... ...................................... ..... ... .........

21. Bolivina compacta.... .................................................................

22. Cibicideslobatulus.. ... ...... ..... ............................. ... ................ .....

23. Cornuspira planorbis. ....................................................... ... .......

24. Fischerina helix.. .... .............. .... ....................................... ... . ....

26. Miliolinella labiosa ..... .............................. .... ..... ... ......................

27. Quinqueloculina neostriatula.. ....................... ... .. . . . ...

28. Quinqueloculina mlcata. .......................................... .... ... .........

29. Sagenina frondescens . ............ ... ............................. .... ..... .... .....

30. Spirillina vivipara. ................................................ ...... ... .... ... ...

32. Triloculina oblonga...... ... ....... .... ... .. . .. ...

33. Triloculina trigonula. ....... ............. .... ..... ... .. . .. ..

34. Clavulina angularis ..... .............................. . .. . .

36. Eponides repandus.. ........ .... ............... .... ... .. . . ... ....

36. Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera. ..................... .... . . ....... ...

37. Planorbulinaacervalis. ....................................... .... .... ....... . ....

38. Siphogenerina raphana. .......................................................... ... .. 

39. Spirillina decorata...... ............................................ ... ..............

40. Spiroloculina caduca ...... .............................................. ..............

41. Spiroloculina clara. -...__ ..... ........ ..... .... ... ....................... ... . ... ......

42. Triloculina bicarinata ..... .. ........ .. ..... ... ..

43. Triloculina incisura. ........ .......... . ........ .... ..... .... ... ... ....

47. Neoconorbina rustica n. sp.. ...........................................................

48. Peneroplis planatus ...... ......... ... ........ ..... ....................... ... ..........

49. Textularia foliacea ... ... . ... ............. . . ...

50. Trifarinaaff. T. bradyi. .......... ........ ... ......... ... . . ... ....

53. Vertebralina striata. .............. ... ..................................................

54. Ammonia beccarii tepida.... .......... ......... . . . . ... ....

60. Textularia agglutinans .... ................ ......... ..... ..... . . .. ..--....-.

62. Bolivina striatula.. ...........

88. Spiroloculina manifesto. __ ................ _ .............. _ .......... __ . _ -.-.-..

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core samples of Sand Island drill hole, Midway atoll 

Only sample 145 consists of cuttings]

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1. Amphistegina madagascariensis. 

2. Anomalinal maculosa.

3. Cymbaloporetta bradyi.

4. Hauerina involuta.

5. Homotrema rubrum.

6. M>arginopora vertebralis.

7. Paumotua terebra.

S. Pyrgo denticulata.

9. Reussetta simplex.

10. Rosalind micens. 

11. Rosalina orientalis.

12. Rosalina rugosa.

13. Rotorbinella mira.

14. Spirittina tuberculatolimbata.

15. Spirolina arietina.

16. Spiroloculina angulata.

17. Triloculina involuta.

18. Triloculina irregularis.

19. Triloculina kerimbatica.

20. Acervulina inhaerens.

21. Bolivina compacta. 

22. Cibicides lobatulus. 

23. Cornuspira planorbis.

24. Fischerina helix.

25. Hauerina pacifica.

26. MUiolinella labiosa.

27. Quinqueloculina neostriatula.

28. Quinqueloculina sulcata.

29. Sagenina frondescens.

30. Spirillina vivipara.

31. Spiroloculina mayori.

32. Trilocvlina oblonga.

33. Triloculina Mgonula.

34. Clavulina angularis.

35. Eponides repandus.

36. Oaudryina (Siphogaudryina) siphonifera.

37. Planorbulina acervalis. 

38. Siphogenerina raphana.

39. Spirittina decorata.

40. Spiroloculina caduca.

41. Spiroloculina clara.

42. Triloculina bicarinata.

43. Triloculina incisura.

44. Bolivina rhomboidalis.

45. Cibicides cicatricosus. 

46. Oypsina globula.

47. Neoconorbina rustica n. sp.

48. Peneroplis planatus.

49. Textularia foliacea.

50. Trifarina aff. T. bradyi.

52. Triloculina linneiana.

55. Olobigerinoides conglobatus

56. Olobigerinoides sacculifer.

58. Rosalina globularis.

68. FotoMftrea davidiana.

72. Bolivina (LaterostomeUa) gumbeUniformis.

73. Elphidium hyalocostatum.

76. Nonion pacificum.

88. Spiroloculina manifesta.
E24 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

TABLE 2. Distribution of smaller Foraminifera in selected core

Depth, in feet... __ ..... _ . ..... . .. ...

89. Epistominellatubulifera.... .... .............. ... ...... ... ..... ..... . _ . ........

90. Oloborotalia crassaformis.. ........... ...

91. Bolivina tortuosa. ................................ .... .. .

92. Lenticulina sp ___ ..................................... . ._,

93. Rosalina turgida .... ............ j.......... .......... ..... .....

94. Bolivina (Lozostomum) maj/ori ... .................................... .. . ... ....

95. Asterigerina indistincta .............. ... ............................. ...... .... ....

96. Cibicides cf. C. robertsonianus .... ............ ... . .... ........ _ ..... . __ ..........

97. Neoconorbinacrustata-.. ... .............. ..... ........................................

98. Buliminellaelegantissima.. ........................ ..........

99. Orbulinauniversa. ........................................... . . . ....

LOO. Globigerinoides trilobus ..... .................................... ... ... . ... ._ ... ...

.01. mlliolidmolds.. .............................................. ..... ... ... ....

.02. Amphistegina bikiniensis .... . .... .............. ... ........ ... .. ... .. . ...

104. Valvulina martii..

105. Austrotrillina cf. A. striata . .. ....

106. Neoconorbina patelliformis . . ............................. ... ... ..... ..... . ... ... ...

107. Asterigerinatentoria..- ...... .....

108. Buliminella madagascariensis . . ... ..... .......

109. Anomalina glabrata.... ...................... ....... . ..

110. EpistomineUa pulchra. .............................. ... . ..

111. Globigerina trilocularis .... .................................... . . . ... .....

113. Lagena hispida. ....... . . . ...

114. Cibiddellavariabilis. ............... ..... ..... . . . .

118. Glabratella? sp- . ...

120. Glabratella sv ......... . ...

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ftuinqueloculina bradyana Cushman

Quinqueloculina, bradyana Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 332, pi. 83, fig. 26.

Quinqueloculina ~bradyana is represented by a few 

good specimens in the Sand Island hole and by molds 

having characteristics of the species in the Reef hole. 

In the Marshall Islands it was found only in the 

Holocene.

Species Nos. S86, R85.

Quinqueloculina costata d'Orbigny 

Plate 1, figure 5

Quinqueloculina, costata d'Orbigny. Sehlumberger, 1893, p. 211,

pi. 3, figs. 75, 76; text fig. 20. 

Fornasini, 1905, p. 62, pi. 2, fig. 6.

Specimens at 1,041.25 and 1,043 feet in the Reef hole 

appear to belong in this costate species, described from 

the Holocene of the Mediterranean and widely recorded 

both as a fossil (as early as Eocene) and from the 

Holocene.

Species No. R128.

ftuinqueloculina distorqueata Cushman

Quinqueloculina distorqueata Cushman, in Cushman, Todd, and 

Post, 1954, p. 333, pi. 83, fig. 27.

A few typical specimens occur in Sand Island hole 

at 145 and 148 feet. They have the slender tubular neck 

that is characteristic of this species.

Species No. S65.

Quinqueloculina laevigata d'Orbigny 

Plate 1, figure 8

Quinqueloculina laevigata, d'Orbigny. Fornasini, 1905, p. 63, 

pi. 2, fig. 8.

Described from the Eocene of the Paris Basin, this 

species has been reported from many localities both 

fossil and recent.

This elongate species is represented only by glauconitic molds, that commonly occur in a narrow zone 

between 1,185 and 1,186.5 feet in Reef hole. Specimens 

are as much as 1.2 mm long, about as thick as broad, 

and some tend to be triloculine rather than quinqueloculine. As they occur only as internal molds, the surface 

and the aperture were not observed.

Species No. R145.

Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann

Quinqueloculina neostriatula Thalmann. Cushman, Todd, and 

Post, 1954, p. 333, pi. 83, fig. 28.

Typical specimens occur near the top of Sand Island
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES 

samples of Sand Island drill hole, Midway atoll Continued

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89. Epistominetta tubulifera.

91. Bolivina tortuosa.

93. Rosalind turgida.

94. Bolivina (Loxostomum) mayori.

95. Asterigerina indistincta.

96. Cibicides cf. C. robertsonianus.

97. Neoconorbina crustata.

101. miliolid molds.

111. Olobigerina trilocularis.

hole, fairly abundantly at 145 feet. They are characterized by the hoodlike aperture.

Species No. S27.

Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady)

Quinqueloculina parkeri (Brady). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 333, pi. 83, fig. 23.

This distinctively ornamented Holocene species occurs 

in both holes, in both the post-Miocene and Miocene 

sections.

Species Nos. S66, K20.

Quinqueloculina polygona d'Orbigny 

Plate 1, figure 4

Quinqueloculina polygona d'Orbigny. Todd, 1962 [1961 imprint], 

p. 187, pi. 22, fig. 5.

Typical specimens of this angled miliolid occur commonly at 259.8 feet in Sand Island hole. In Reef hole, 

between 500 and 517 feet, are internal molds of a 

miliolid that may have been close to Q. polygona but 

were probably not identical.

Species Nos. S87, R78.

Quinqueloculina cf. Q. seminulum (linne) 

Several casts scattered in the top of the Miocene section of the Reef hole have the characteristics of this 

evenly coiled, rounded miliolid. 

Species No. R86.

Quinqueloculina sulcata d'Orbigny

Quinqueloculina sulcata d'Orbigny. Cushman, Todd, and Post,

1954, p. 334, pi. 84, figs. 1, 2. 

Quinqueloculina sulcata-Q. ferussaci gradational series. Todd,

1957, p. 286 (table), pi. 86, figs. 3-6.

Specimens referable to this species (or gradational 

series of species) are present at and near the top of both 

holes. Some are broad and like the ferussaci end of the 

series but most are slender and like the sulcata end.

Species Nos. S2&, R8.

Quinqueloculina tubus Todd 

Quinqueloculina tubus Todd, 1957, p. 306, pi. 85, fig. 18.

A single fresh specimen from near the top of the Reef 

hole compares well with this species described from 

Saipan lagoon. It has since been recorded from Cocos 

Lagoon and on the outer slopes at Guam and from the 

Eniwetok drill hole E-l cuttings.

Species No. R35.
E26 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Genus TRILOCTJXINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Triloculina bicarinata d'Orbigny 

Triloculina Ucarinata d'Orbigny, 1839, p. 180, pi. 10, figs. 18-20.

Cushman, 1932, p. 60, pi. 13, fig. 6.

Triloculina cf. T. bicarmata d'Orbigny. Cushman, Todd, and 

Post, 1954, p. 338, pi. 85, fig. 2.

This distinctive waffle-surfaced Holocene species, described from off Cuba and widely known in the Pacific, 

occurs in a few of the Midway samples from both holes. 

All are near the top in the post-Miocene section, where 

it is represented by excellent specimens, especially in 

Sand Island hole.

Species Nos. S42, E23.

Triloculina bikiniensis Todd 

Triloculina bikiniensis Todd, in Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 338, pi. 85, fig. 19. 

Todd, 1957, p. 286 (table), pi. 86, fig. 14.

Typical specimens of this species, described from the 

Marshall Islands and also found at Saipan, occur rarely 

in the post-Miocene section of Sand Island hole.

Species No. S51.

Triloculina incisura Todd 

Triloculina incisura Todd, 1957, p. 308, pi. 86, fig. 18.

This species, described from Guam, is distinctive in 

its apertural tooth that completely fills the apertural 

opening. Single specimens were found at 63-65 feet and 

152.5 feet in Sand Island hole.

Species No. S43.

Triloculina involuta Todd

Triloculina involuta Todd, in Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 338, pi. 85, fig. 4.

This robust and faintly costate species, described from 

the Marshalls and also reported from Saipan and Guam, 

occurs at Midway near the top of both holes.

Species Nos. S17, El 5.

Triloculina irregularis (d'Orbigny)

Triloculina irregnlaris (d'Orbigny). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 338, pi. 85, fig. 12.

Typical specimens of this Holocene species are well 

represented in Sand Island hole near the top. A few 

are also present in E-eef hole but are poorly preserved.

Species Nos. S18, E24.

Triloculina kerimbatica (Heron-Alien and Earland)

Triloculina kerimbatica (Heron-Alien and Earland). Cushman, 

Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 339, pi. 85, figs. 10, 11.

This transversely crinkled species well known and 

widely distributed in the Holocene, occurs in both holes 

near the top.

Species Nos. S19, E25.

Triloculina linneiana d'Orbigny

Triloculma linneiana d'Orbigny. Graham and Militante, 1959, 

p. 55, pi. 8, fig. 7.

A single specimen from 137 feet in Sand Island hole 

is typical of this costate species, originally described 

from Cuba and widely known from both the Atlantic 

and Pacific.

Species No. S52.

Triloculina oblonga (Montagu)

Triloculina oblonga (Montagu). Graham and Militante, 1959, 

p. 56, pi. 8, figs. 8, 9.

This smooth elongate species is probably cosmopolitan 

in warm shallow waters. It is not common but occurs 

in both holes in scattered samples. Its deepest occurrence is at 947 feet in E-eef hole.

Species Nos. S32, E26.

Triloculina terquemiana (Brady)

Triloculina terquemiana (Brady). Cushman, Todd and Post, 

1954, p. 340, pi. 85, fig. 9.

A single specimen was found at 103.5 feet in E-eef 

hole. 

Species No. E-48.

Triloculina trigonula (Lamarck)

Triloculina triffonula (Lamarck). Todd, 1957, p. 288 (table 4), 

pi. 86, fig. 16.

This well-known miliolid, triangular with rounded 

angles, is present in both holes. It occurs very rarely and 

near the top in Sand Island hole. In E-eef hole it occurs 

only in the Miocene section beginning at 500 feet and 

continuing in scattered samples down to 1,106.75 feet. 

The Sand Island specimens are original shell material, 

but those from Eeef hole are only internal molds.

Species Nos. S33, E79.

Genus MILIOLINELLA Wiesner, 1931 

Miliolinella labiosa (d'Orbigny)

Miliolina labiosa d'Orbigny, sp. Brady, 1884, p. 170, pi. 6, figs.

3-5. 

Miliolinella labiosa (d'Orbigny). Todd and Low, 1960, p. 822, pi.

261, fig. 10.

Although fossil specimens were recorded from the 

Eniwetok drill hole E-l, this primarily Holocene species occurs only in the tops of the two Midway drill 

holes. Brady found it in a coral sand at 40 fathoms depth 

off Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands.

Species Nos. S26, E34.

Genus SPIROLOCTTLINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Spiroloculina angulata Cushman

Spiroloculina angulata Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post,

1954, p. 334, pi. 84, figs. 11,12. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 822.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E27

No attempt has been made to distinguish between the 

species Spiroloculina angulata Cushman and 8. corrugata Cushman and Todd (1944, p. 61, pi. 8, figs. 22- 

25), because the angularity or roundness of the peripheries and length of tests are extremely variable 

features. The similarity of their recorded occurrences 

and ranges negates the value of a more detailed study 

of the specimens in this material. The attempt to separate them in the Eniwetok drill hole samples (Todd and 

Low, 1960, p. 822, 823) emphasized this problem.

The specimens are found in the tops of both drill holes 

at Midway and are scattered as deep as 1,054.5 feet in 

the Reef hole.

Species Nos. S16, R14.

Spiroloculina caduca Cushman

Spiroloculina caduca Cushman. Todd, 1957, p. 286 (table 4), pi. 

87, fig. 10.

A few specimens of this species described from the 

Holocene of Florida occur near the top of the Sand Island hole. It has not been recorded from Marshall Island sediments but was found at both Saipan and Guam 

in the Mariana Islands.

Species No. S40.

Spiroloculina clara Cushman

SpirolocuUna clara Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 335, pi. 84, fig. 9. 

Spiroloculina clara var. lirata Cushman, in .Cushman, Todd,

and Post, 1954, p. 335, pi. 84, fig. 10.

Single specimens near the top of each hole can be 

included in this species described from the Marshall 

Islands.

Examination of the type material for the species and 

its variety lirata indicates the varietal features are not 

sufficient grounds for separation.

Species Nos. S41, R51.

Spiroloculina communis Cushman and Todd

Spiroloculina communis Cushman and Todd. Cushman, Todd,

and Post, 1954, p. 335, pi. 84, fig. 13. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 822.

Four specimens, comparing well with this species, 

were obtained in the Miocene from 1,042 feet in the 

Reef hole. The central area is not as clean as in the 

types, but this is probably due to preservation and adhering matrix.

/S. communis occurred in Holocene sediments of the 

Marshall Islands as well as in the Miocene section of 

the Eniwetok drill hole.

Species No. R129.

Spiroloculina manifesta Cushman and Todd 

Spiroloculina, manifesta Cushman and Todd, 1944, p. 62, pi. 8, 

figs. 2&-28.

This species compares closely with /$. marshallana 

Todd (in Cushman and others, 1954, p. 335, pi. 84, fig. 

8) described from Holocene sediments of Bikini Atoll 

and later (Todd and Low, 1960, p. 823) recorded from 

beds considered as old as Miocene penetrated by drill 

holes on Eniwetok Atoll of the Marshall Islands. However, S. manifesta is a larger, more rugged looking species with acutely angled edges. In some specimens the 

peripheral angle is sharp enough to make the lastformed chambers somewhat concave. The umbilical 

area is more deeply depressed and the general outline of 

the test is more elongate. The species has a dull, rough 

surface as compared to the smooth, more polished wall 

of S. marshallana.

In Sand Island hole it is common in one core sample, 

259.8 feet, and one broken specimen was found at 279.5 

feet.

It was described from the Philippines and was recorded from off Samoa at that time also. Asano (1951, 

p. 15, figs. 101, 102) attributed it to beds as old as Pliocene in Japan as well as to Holocene sediments. It was 

not found in the Marshall Islands.

Species No. S88.

Spiroloculina mayori Cushman

Spiroloculina, mayori Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 336, pi. 84, fig. 15. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 823.

Several distinctive specimens easily attributable to 

this species occur in the next to highest sample of the 

Sand Island hole. It was recorded from Holocene sediments of the Marshall Islands as well as the top of hole 

F-l at Eniwetok.

Species No. S31.

Spiroloculina occlusa (Cushman) 

Plate 11, figure 3

Massilina occlusa Cushman, 1922, p. 104, pi. 28, fig. 2. 

Spiroloculina occlusa (Cushman). Cushman and Todd, 1944, p. 

15, pi. 3, fig. 12.

The distinctively squarish test and apertural neck of 

this species make this identification quite secure, the 

only difference appearing to be a slightly larger size 

of some of the Midway specimens. The central area is 

only a little depressed, being obscured by the overlapping final two chambers which form the complete 

outer part of the test.

Length of figured specimen 0.90 mm; breadth 0.50 

mm; thickness 0.27 mm.

/Spiroloculina occlusa has been recorded from beds of 

Oligocene age only in Mississippi and Alabama. At 

Midway it occurs rarely, scattered in a restricted sec-
E28 GEOLOGY OP THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

tion of the Eeef hole between 933.3 and 947 feet.

Species No. E108.

Spiroloculina samoaensis Cushman

Spiroloculina pianissimo, (Lamarck) var. samoaensis Cushman,

1924, p. 58, pi. 21, figs. 9,10. 

Spiroloculina samoaensis Cushman. Cushman and Todd, 1944,

p. 56, pi. 8, figs. 8-10.

Spiroloculina samoaensis differs markedly from other 

costate species in the genus by having oblique ridges 

that extend nearly to the periphery, giving the more 

strongly ornamented specimens a cuspate edge.

It has been recorded only from Holocene sediments 

of the tropical part of the Lido-Pacific region. Good 

specimens occur in the Midway Sand Island hole between 140 and 148 feet, with only one broken specimen 

coming from 103.5 feet in the Reef hole.

Species Nos. S59, R46.

Genus HAUERINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Hauerina involute Cushman

Hauerina involuta Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 337, pi. 84, figs. 28, 29.

There are single occurrences of this species in the tops 

of both Midway drill holes. It was described from the 

Marshall Islands and was recorded from the cuttings 

of the Eniwetok drill holes.

Species Nos. S4, R33.

Hauerina milletti Cushman

Hauerina milletti Cushman, in Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 337, pi. 84, fig. 23.

One specimen from 936.5 feet in the Reef hole compares favorably with the small paratypes of this species 

described from Rongerik Lagoon, Marshall Islands. It 

is recorded from other shallow water areas in the Pacific 

but has not been found as a fossil.

Species No. R110.

Hauerina pacifica Cushman

Hauerina pacifica, Cushman. Cushman, 1932, p. 44, pi. 10, figs.

10, 11. 

Todd, 1957, p. 286 (table 4), pi. 88, fig. 3.

Hauerina pacifica was described from a depth of 24 

fathoms off the Hawaiian Islands, and all subsequent 

records are from warm, shallow waters of the Pacific. 

It occurs rarely in the top of the Sand Island hole.

Species No. S25.

Genus PYRGO Defrance, 1824 

Pyrgo denticulata (Brady)

Pyrgo denticulata (Brady). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 

340, pi. 85, fig. 22.

This typical Holocene species is found at the top of 

both holes and also in the Miocene part of Reef hole 

down to 1,044.5 feet.

Species Nos. S8, R19.

Genus AUSTROTRILLINA Parr, 1942 

Austrotrillina striata Todd and Post

Plate 11, figure 5

Austrotrillina striata Todd and Post, 1954, p. 555, pi. 198, fig. 9. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 825, pi. 261, fig. 22. 

Adams, 1968, p. 92, pi. 4, figs. 1-13; pi. 6, fig. 9.

This striking miliolid is an important index fossil in 

the middle Tertiary of the Pacific. It was described 

from Bikini drill hole 2B and also found in hole E-l 

at Eniwetok. Adams (1968, fig. 1) shows its range to 

be from upper Tertiary d throughout Tertiary e or from 

upper Rupelian through the Chattian to the top of the 

Aquitanian.

Its highest occurrence in Reef hole is at 911 feet, and 

it occurs discontinuously to near the bottom of the hole 

at 1,186 feet, often in the form of molds. At 1,110-1,120 

feet it is very abundant and makes up an Austrotnllina 

sand in that section. Two fragmentary pieces of Austrotrillina were found in Sand Island hole at 446 feet, at 

the top of the Miocene. If they were in place at this 

level, they would be more than 400 feet above their 

comparable position relative to the top of the Miocene in 

Reef hole. Therefore, we believe these fragments may 

have had their origin in reworked material.

Species Nos. S105, R98.

Family OPHTHALMIDIIDAE

Genus CORNUSPIRA Schultze, 1854

Cornuspira planorbis Schultze

Cornuspira planorbis Schultze. Cushnian, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 341, pi. 85, fig. 27.

Typical specimens occur rarely in both holes at Midway; in the post-Miocene section of Sand Island hole 

from 35.5 to 152.5 feet and in the Miocene section of 

Reef hole from 943 to 1,054 feet. This small translucent 

porcellaneous coil is characteristically found with 

miliolids.

Species Nos. S23, R112.

Genus VERTEBRALINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Vertebralina striata d'Orbigny

Vertebralina striata d'Orbigny. Graham and Militante, 1959, p. 

60, pi. 9, figs. 11,12.

Good representatives of this shallow-water miliolid 

occur near the top of both holes. One specimen from 137 

feet in Sand Island hole shows reticulate ornamentation.

Species Nos. S53, R49.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E29

Genus PARRINA Cushman, 1921 

Parrina bradyi (Millett)

Parrina bradyi (Millett). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 

342, pi. 85, figs. 31-34.

This wild-growing miliolid is represented by a few 

specimens at 140 and 145 feet in Sand Island hole.

Species No. S57.

Family FISCHERINTDAE 

Genus FISCHERINA Terquem, 1878

Fischerina helix Heron-Alien and Earland

Fischerina helix Heron-Alien and Earland. Cushman, 1932, p. 

76, pi. 17, fig. 5.

A single specimen was found between 35.5 and 40 

feet in Sand Island hole. The specimen is involute on 

one side and evolute on the other, but the generic separation of such forms as Fi-schermelt-a seems unjustified.

Species No. S24.

Family PENEROPLIDAE 

Genus PENEROPLIS Montfort, 1808

Feneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll)

Peneroplis planatus (Fichtel and Moll). Todd and Low, 1960, 

p. 829, pi. 261, fig. 13.

Only rare specimens are present, being found at the 

top of both holes and in a few samples near 1,040 feet 

in Reef hole.

/Species Nos. S48, R7.

Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny

Plate 11, figure 1 

Peneroplis protect, d'Orbigny, 1839, p. 60, pi. 7, figs. 7-11.

Associated with specimens of Quinquel>oculina laevigata and, like them, only in the form of glauconitic 

molds. This species occurs also in the narrow zone between 1,185 and 1,186.25 feet, There was also a single 

specimen found higher at 1,170 feet in Reef hole.

The nearly circular specimens are flattened, have 

about 16 long curved chambers per whorl, and none 

show the later flaring stage that is typical of this species.

P. proteus was described from Holocene sands of Cuba 

and is known in the West Indian region, both living and 

fossil, as early as Miocene.

Species No. R144.

Genus SPIROLINA Lamarck, 1804 

Spirolina arietina (Batsch)

Spirolina arietina (Batsch). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p.

348, pi. 87, figs. 4, 5. 

Todd and Low, I960. p. 830.

Typical specimens are found in the tops of both holes. 

In addition, the species is scattered rarely as deep as 

1,043 feet in the Reef hole and 497.5 feet in the Sand 

Island hole. It was recorded from a Miocene core at 

Eniwetok.

Species Mw. S15, R13.

Genus MARGINOPORA ftuoy and Gaimard, 1830 

Marginopora vertebralis ftuoy and Gaimard

Marginopora vertebralis Blainville. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 348, pi. 82, figs. 5, 6.

Marginopora vertebralis occurs in some abundance at 

the top of both holes and continues rather persistently 

down to 389 feet in Sand Island hole and 334 feet in 

Reef hole. Only scattered occurrences, mostly of small 

specimens, are found to the bottom of Sand Island hole 

and to 1,127.3 feet in Reef hole.

/Species Nos. S6, R6.

Family NODOSARIIDAE 

Genus LENTICTJXINA Lamarck, 1804

Lenticulina sp. 

Plate 2, figure 1

Rare specimens from between 282.5 and 292.75 feet 

in Sand Island hole and between 529 and 1,129 feet in 

Reef hole, represent a small smooth species of Lenticulina,. The test is close coiled, unornamented, lacks a keel, 

and has six chambers per whorl. Size ranges between 

0.23 and 0.27 mm.

R90.

Genus ASTACOLTTS Montfort, 1808

Astacolus sp. 

Plate 1, figure 7

The rich fauna at about 930 feet in the Reef hole 

yielded two small specimens belonging to this nodosariid 

genus. They consist of seven or eight rather tightly 

coiled chambers; slightly depressed sutures; a nonlobulated, rounded periphery, smooth wall; radiate 

aperture at tip of elongate final chamber. Length about 

0.55 mm.

Species No. R100.

Genus MARGINITLINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Marginulina procera (Stache)

Plate 1, figure 6

Hemicristellaria procera Stache, 1864, p. 222, pi. 23, fig. 1.

This species was described from New Zealand in rocks 

probably of early Oligocene or late Eocene age. It is an
E30 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

arcuate cylindrical species, with an incipient coil at the 

initial end, and a slightly produced apertural end. 

Sutures are oblique and chambers not inflated. Specimens are found in Keef hole between 1,101.5 and 1,118 

feet. 

Species No. R133.

Genus VAGINULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Vaginulina obtusicosta ten Dam and Reinhold

Plate 11, figure 8

Vaginulina striatula ten Dam and Reinhold [not Roemer, 1842],

1942, p. 65, pi. 4, fig. 10 ; pi. 9, fig. 12. 

Vaginulina obtusicosta ten Dam and Reinhold, 1947, p. 186.

Rare and fragmentary specimens of a flattened and 

costate species of Vaginulina occur in Reef hole between 

1,120.5 and 1,126 feet. They have an angular periphery 

and otherwise seem similar to this species that is known 

from the middle Miocene of the Netherlands.

Species No. R142.

Genus LAGENA Walker and Jacob, 1798 

Lagena hispida Reuss

Lagena Mspida Reuss. Graham and Militante, 1959, p. 67, pi. 10, 

fig. 14.

A single specimen from the Miocene beds of Sand Island hole, at a depth of 460 feet, seems identical with 

this widely reported species.

Species No. S113.

Family POLYMORPHINIDAE 

Genus SIGMOMORPHINA Cushman and Ozawa, 1928

Sigmomorphina aff. S. terquemiana (Fornasini)

Rare polymorphinids in Reef hole between 982.5 and 

1,008.5 feet are questionably assigned to this widely reported and long ranging species. Specimens are flattened, pointed at the apical end, and the sutures are obscure.

Species No. R119.

Family PLECTOFRONDICULARIIDAE 

Genus BOLIVI1TELLA Cushman, 1927

Bolivinella folium (Parker and Jones) 

Plate 3, figure 1

Bolivinella folium (Parker and Jones). Todd and Low, 1960, p. 

831, pi. 262, fig. 2.

Bolivinella folium is found only in Reef hole where it 

first appears at the top of the Miocene at 500 feet. It 

continues to 565 feet then breaks off until 982.5 feet. 

From there it occurs in scattered samples to 1,120 feet. 

It is a variable species. Some specimens are narrow and 

BoUvina-liks ; others are broad and flaring with slender,

backward-curving chambers. Some specimens are flat; 

others thickened in the middle. In some chambers the 

sutures are raised and limbate; in others they are faintly 

beaded. 

/Species No. R73.

Family BTTLIMINIDAE 

Genus BAGGATELLA Ho we, 1939

Baggatella sp. 

Plate 3, figure 7

Two specimens at 930 feet in Reef hole, plus several 

very small individuals at 876 and 876.5 feet, are referred 

to this genus that has thus far been regarded as occurring only from middle Eocene to late Oligocene. This 

Midway record thus extends the range upward into the 

early Miocene.

The specimens are high spired, have four inflated 

chambers per whorl, and a high-arched aperture.

Species No. R97.

Genus CAUCASINA Khalilov, 1951

Caucasina sp.

Plate 2, figure 4

Deep in the Miocene section of the Reef hole (979.5- 

1,165 ft) are scattered fragile buliminidlike specimens 

belonging in the genus Caucasina. Lack of comparative 

material and rarity of specimens in the present material 

prohibits specific identification. The Midway forms most 

closely resemble C. khalilovi Loeblich and Tappan 

(1964, p. 78, pi. 2, figs. 7-9) described from the Oligocene of California in being small for the genus, elongate, 

and having a very low trochoid coil in the initial stage. 

Measurements of the figured specimen are length 0.17 

mm, width 0.11 mm.

Species No. R116.

Genus BULIMIWELLA Cushman, 1911 

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny)

Buliminella elegantissima (d'Orbigny). Cushman and Parker, 

1947, p. 67, pi. 17, figs. 10-12.

This long-ranging Eocene to Holocene species is small 

and slender with numerous chambers. It occurs in both 

holes but is common only at 1,165 feet in Reef hole.

Species Nos S98, R94.

Buliminella madagascariensis (d'Orbigny) 

Plate 2, figure 5

Buliminella madagascariensis (d'Orbigny). Cushman and 

Parker, 1947, p. 68, pi. 17, figs. 15-17.

This Oligocene to Holocene species is proportionally 

short, and thick with a blunt initial end and a little-indented periphery. The Midway specimens show considerable variation from typical ones to some in the
SMALLER FORAMINIFEBA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E31

lower part of Reef hole that approach the slender test 

of B. elegantissima (d'Orbigny). Specimens occur in 

scattered samples in the Miocene part of both holes but 

are always rare.

Species Nos. S108, R74.

Genus BTTLIMINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Bulimina marginata d'Orbigny

Bulimina marginata d'Orbigny. Cushman and Parker, 1947, p. 

119, pi. 28, figs. 5, 6.

Two typical but small specimens of this widely reported species were found at 258.8 feet in Sand Island 

hole. They have the characteristic fringelike ornamentation overhanging the undercut edges of the chambers.

Species No. S81.

Genus BOLIVINA d'Orbigny, 1839 

Bolivina alazanensis Cushman

Plate 2, figure 3 

Bolivina alazanensis Cushman, 1937, p. 63, pi. 8, figs. 6, 7.

Three specimens of this Oligocene and Eocene species 

were found at 1,104.25 feet in Reef hole. They are characterized by the inner parts of each chamber being inflated so that the surface of the test appears lumpy. 

Specimens are slightly twisted and have a narrow peripheral keel.

Species No. R134.

Bolivina chinenensis LeRoy 

Plate 2, figure 6

Bolivina chinenensis LeRoy, 1964, p. 31, pi. 2, figs. 10,11. 

Loxostomuml sp. A Todd and Low, 1960, p. 834, pi. 262, fig. 4.

This species was described from the Pliocene of 

southern Okinawa, and a single specimen had been reported earlier in the Tertiary / section at Eniwetok. It 

is a flat, slightly twisted, highly ornamented species 

with beadlike spinose projections extending out from 

the periphery, especially in the early part of the test.

Bolivina chinenensis is rare at Midway. The best representatives of it are in Sand Island hole. It occurs in 

both the Miocene and post-Miocene sections.

Species Nos. S61, R93.

Bolivina compacta Sidebottom 

Plate 2, figure 2

Bolivina compacta Sidebottom. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 352, pi. 87, fig. 37.

This species is characterized by its crinkled surface 

and relatively coarse pores. It occurs throughout both 

holes, like B. striatula, most consistently below 930 feet. 

Among the Bolivinas it seems to rank next to B. striatula in numbers and-persistence.

It has not before been reported in rocks as old as 

Miocene, at least not under this name. 

Species Nos S21, R30.

Bolivina fastigia Cushman

Plate 2, figure 8 

Bolivina fastigia Cushman, 1937, p. 76, pi. 9, figs. 12-14.

This species, described from the Oligocene of Germany, is widely recorded in the Oligocene and Miocene 

of central Europe. It has also been recorded from the 

Oligocene of Guam. It is characterized by dark limbate 

sutures with a prominent upward curve toward the 

median line and by irregular costate ornamentation that 

tends to obscure the early sutures.

At Midway it is found only in Reef hole, from 930 

to 1,046 feet and from 1,101.5 to 1,120.5 feet.

Species No. R101.

Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett) 

Plate 2, figures 11, 12

Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 353, pi. 87, figs. 41, 42.

This Holocene species is easily recognizable by its 

rhomboid shape in section. It is scarce at Midway but 

is present nearly throughout both holes. It is best represented in Reef hole between 1,096.5 and 1,111.5 feet.

Species Nos. S44, R39.

Bolivina striatula Cushman 

Plate 2, figure 7

Bolivina striatula Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 353, pi. 87, fig. 43.

This small slender species is the commonest and most 

persistent of the Bolivinas at Midway. The wall striations over the initial part are rarely visible. It occurs 

nearly throughout both holes in scattered samples and 

becomes most consistently present below 930 feet in 

Reef hole.

Bolivina striatula was described from Holocene material but has also been reported from sediment as old 

as Miocene.

Species Nos. S62, R40.

Bolivina tortuosa Brady 

Plate 2, figure 9

Bolivina, tortuosa Brady. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, p. 353, 

pi. 87, figs. 45-47.

This Eocene to Holocene species is easily distinguished by its short and usually strongly twisted test 

and relatively coarse pores set far apart.
E32 GEOLOGY OP THE MIDWAY AEEA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

The species occurs in both holes, being best developed 

below about 1,100 feet in Eeef hole. 

Species Nos. SQl, R50.

Subgenus LATEROSTOMELLA de Klasz and Rerat

Bolivina (Laterostomella) gumbeliniformis (de Klasz and R6rat)

Plate 2, figure 10

Laterostomella, gumbeliniformis de Klasz and Herat, 1962, p. 177, 

pi. 1, figs. 1, 2.

This species was described from the lower Miocene of 

Gabon. The aperture appears hooded and opens at right 

angles to the normal plane of apertural openings in 

Bolivina so that it is more visible from one flat side than 

from the opposite flat side. Examination of metatypes 

leads us to reconsider this generic character and to 

regard it as of subgeneric rather than generic value. 

Besides its unique sideways-opening aperture, B. 

gunibeliniformis is characterized by a slender test with 

slightly inflated chambers, a slightly lobulated periphery, and a rugose wall, somewhat like that of B. 

compact a.

At Midway the species is well developed, especially 

in Sand Island hole where it occurs only in the postMiocene section between 241 and 300 feet. In Reef hole 

it is present through a longer section occurring in scattered samples between 213.5 and 934 feet.

Species Mw. S72, R57.

Submenus LOXOSTOMUM Ehrenberg, 1854

Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata Brady

Plate 3, figures 4, 5

Loxostomum limbatum (Brady). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 353, pi. 88, fig. 8.

This Miocene to Holocene species is rather scarce. It 

is characterized by a slightly twisted test and heavy, 

discontinuous costae mostly over the initial end of the 

test.

Species No. R58.

Bolivina (Loxostomum) mayori Cushman

Loxostomum. mayori, (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 354, pi. 88, fig. 6.

Described from off the Dry Tortugas, Florida, and 

recorded from both the Atlantic and the Pacific, this 

species is present in both Midway holes. It is similar to 

Bolivina elongata described from the Eocene of Hungary and is possibly the younger equivalent of that 

species. Both are smooth compressed species with rather 

coarse perforations in the wall when well preserved. 

They tend to become uniserial.

Species No*. S94, E102.

Genus VIRGTJLINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Virgulina complanata Egger 

Plate 3, figure 11

Virgulina, complanata, Egger. Cushman, 1942, p. 13, pi. 4, 

figs. 2-5.

This species is widely known in the Holocene and 

has been reported as far back as the Miocene. It is 

present in both holes at Midway. In Reef hole it is found 

only in the Miocene section, from 930 to 1,165 feet, being 

common and of good size around 982 and 1,044 feet. 

In Sand Island hole it occurs both above and below the 

top of the Miocene, from 258.8 to 483.5 feet.

Species Nos. S84, R106.

Genus FISSTTRINA Reuss, 1850

Fissurina circularis Todd

Fissurina, circularis Todd, in Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 351, pi. 87, fig. 27.

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 831.

Fissurina circularis was described from the Holocene 

sediments of Eniwetok lagoon and was recorded from 

the Miocene section of the Eniwetok drill hole. One 

specimen occurs in the Sand Island hole of Midway 

atoll at 241 feet. It is distinctively smaller and more 

compressed than F. circulum Seguenza found in beds 

of Miocene age at Guam (Todd, 1966, p. 27, pi. 12, 

fig. 9).

Species No. S74.

Fissurina cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan

Fissurina, cucurbitasema Loeblich and Tappan, 1953, p. 76, 

pi. 14, figs. 10,11.

Two specimens from 258.8 feet in Sand Island hole 

compare very well with this melon-seed-shaped species 

described from the Arctic. This is the first recorded 

occurrence of Fissurina cucurbitasema from tropical 

regions.

Species No. S83.

Fissurina lagenoides (Williamson)

Entosolenia marf/inata var. lagenoides Williamson, 1858, p. 11, 

pi. 1, figs. 25, 26.

Todd, 1957, p. 290 (table 4), pi. 89, fig. 10.

A single specimen of this species was found at 88 feet 

in Reef hole. None wT as recorded from the Marshall Islands, but it did occur in the Holocene of Saipan and 

the Oligocene of Guam in the Mariana Islands and the 

Holocene of Onotoa Atoll, Gilbert Islands.

Species No. R31.

Genus OOLINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Oolina globosa (Montagu)

Laoena olobosa Montagu, sp. Brady, 1884, p. 452, pi. 56, figs. 

1-3.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E33

A few specimens of this globose species were found 

in Reef hole between 1,002 and 1,010 feet. They are 

small (about 0.17 mm in diameter) and lack an apertural collar.

Species No. R121.

Genus ANGULOGERINA Cushman, 1927

Angulogerina midwayensis Todd and Low, n. sp.

Plate 3, figure 2

Test elongate, somewhat fusiform, early part circular 

in section, later part subtriangular in section, initial 

end subacute, covered by irregular fine costae, 

roughened by recrystallization, periphery distinctly 

lobulated, more so toward apertural end; early chambers gently rounded, compact, later ones unornamented, 

becoming more separated with slightly concave undersides contributing to lobulated periphery; sutures distinct although somewhat obscured by ornamentation in 

early stage; wall opaque, crystalline overall, irregularly 

costate in early part, unornamented toward apertural 

end; apertural neck short, thick, with distinct lip. 

Length 0.23-0.32 mm; maximum diameter 0.16 mm.

Holotype, USNM 688120, from core at a depth of 

942 feet in the Miocene section of Reef hole, Midway 

atoll, Hawaiian Islands.

In the general outline of the test, Angulogerina midwayensis, n. sp. most resembles A. hughesi (Galloway 

and Wissler, 1927, p. 76, pi. 12, fig. 5), but A. hughesi is 

larger and lacks costae. There is some similarity in size 

and costae to A. occidentalis (Cushman, 1923, p. 169), 

but that species is more sharply triangular in section 

with a less lobulated periphery. A. fijiensis Cushman 

(1931, p. 31, pi. 4, fig. 11) is also more triangular than 

A. midwayensis, n. sp. In addition, the sharp distinct 

costae of A. fijiensis are quite prominent on the final 

chambers and extend onto the slender neck whereas the 

final chambers of the present species are smooth and the 

neck is short and thick.

Angulogerina midwayensis, n. sp. is found only in the 

Reef hole, 936.5 feet being its highest level. It is scattered, with bolivinids, down to 1,165 feet and almost 

always has a very granulated aspect resulting from recrystallization. Several specimens at 1,008.5 feet have a 

fresher, glassy surface hinting that the striations may 

occur very lightly on the last-formed chambers. However, the present description is based on the appearance 

of the majority of the specimens examined.

Toward the bottom of the hole, some isolated individuals appear to be shorter, more compact variants which 

are probably ancestral forms.

Species No. R109.

Angulogerina tenuistriata (Reuss) 

Plate 3, figure 3

Angulogerina tenuistriata (Reuss). Cushman and Edwards, 

1908, p. 84, pi. 15, figs. 1-7.

This species occurs rarely at about 470 feet in Sand 

Island hole. The specimens are smaller than typical but 

compare favorably with topotypes in the U.S. National 

Museum collections from beds of Oligocene age in 

Pietzpuhl, Germany.

The Midway specimens tend to be triangular in cross 

section through the last-formed chambers and the test 

terminates with a very short neck.

Species No. S116.

Genus TRIFARINA Cushman, 1923

Trifarina aff. T. bradyi Cushman

Plate 3, figure 8

Several specimens from 421-426.2 feet in the Reef 

hole plus a few from near the top of the Sand Island 

hole are very similar to Trifarina bradyi Cushman. 

Poor preservation and recrystallization obscure much of 

the detail, but the uniserial arrangement of the last 

formed chambers is distinct. The three distinguishing 

keels or carinae, are clearly present in the later part of 

the test but do not show over the initial chambers. The 

Midway specimens compare more closely with Gushman's material from Samoa (Cushman, 1924, p. 27, pi. 

7, fig. 5) than with the types from the Caribbean (Cushman, 1923, p. 99, pi. 22, figs. 5-7).

Species Nos. S50, R70.

Genus REUSSELLA Galloway, 1933

Reussella simplex (Cushman)

Reussella simplex (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 354, pi. 88, figs. 1,2. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 835.

Reussell-a simplex is present throughout the material 

from Midway, in a pattern similar to that in the Eniwetok drill holes. Although some specimens from the 

deepest parts of the holes tend to be smaller than typical and more opaque due mainly to recrystallization, it 

has seemed reasonable to include them all in this species.

Species Nos. S9, R36.

Genus SIPHOGENERINA Schlumberger, 1883 

Siphogenerina raphana (Parker and Jones)

Siphogenerina raphana (Parker and Jones). Cushman, Todd,

and Post, 1954, p. 356, pi. 88, figs. 23, 24. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 834.
E34 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Siphogenerina raphana has been widely recorded in 

warm shallow waters. Specimens from drill holes in the 

Marshall Islands appeared to have originated in the 

Holocene as do the present ones from the tops of both 

Midway drill holes. Its deepest occurrence at Midway 

is at 385.5 feet in the Reef hole.

Species Nos. S38, R37.

Genus SIPHONODOSARIA A. Silvestri, 1924

Siphonodosaria? sp.

Plate 3, figure 10

Between 1,105.5 and 1,112 feet in Reef hole are a few 

fragmentary specimens of an unornamented slender arcuate uniserial species. None shows an unbroken apertural end, so the generic assignment remains in doubt.

Species No. R136.

Family SPIBILLINTDAE 

Genus SPIRILLINA Ehrenberg, 1843

Spirillina decorata Brady

Spirillma decorata H. B. Brady. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 356, pi. 88, figs. 32, 33.

Spirillina decorata occurs in the upper parts of both 

holes, a pattern similar to that found at Eniwetok. 

Species Nos. S39, Ell.

Spirillina tuberculatolimbata Chapman

Spirillina tuberculato-lim'bata Chapman. Cushman, Todd, and 

Post, 1954, p. 357, pi. 88, fig. 34.

This is found in the tops of both holes, in many samples together with S. decorata. All records checked for 

this species in the Pacific or elsewhere are from the 

Holocene.

Species Nos. S14, E12.

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg

Spirillina vivipara Ehrenberg. Todd and Low, 1960, p. 836, pi.

260, fig. 4. 

Todd, 1965, p. 6.

Spirillina vivipara occurs in the tops of both holes and 

in random levels to a depth of 1,165 feet in the Reef 

hole. It is more common in cores from 1,051 to 1,061 

feet. Todd (1965, p. 6) included the variety densepunctata, recorded from Holocene sediments in the Marshall 

Islands, in the synonymy of the species S. vivipara. Thus 

the present record agrees with that previously noted 

for this area.

Species Nos. S30, R45.

Family PATELLINIDAE 

Genus PATELLINA Williamson, 1858

Patellina advena Cushman

Plate 3, figure 6 

Patellina advena Cushman. Todd, 1965, p. 7, pi. 1, fig. 2.

Very rare specimens from four Miocene samples between 1,053.5 and 1,125 feet in Reef hole belong in this 

low scalelike species that was described from the Oligocene of Mississippi and has been reported widely in Holocene sediments in the Pacific. Specimens are also found 

in both the post-Miocene and Miocene sections of Sand 

Island hole.

Species Nos. S64, R131.

Family DISCORBIDAE 

Genus BOSALINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Bosalina globularis d'Orbigny 

Rosalina globularis d'Orbigny. Todd, 1965, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 4.

This species of Rosalina is distinguished by a lobulate 

and rounded periphery, slightly inflated chambers, and 

a moderately high spire. It is found in scattered samples 

in both holes, both above and below the Miocene.

It may be a matter of degree between R. globularis 

and R. micens, but they are here regarded as separate 

species for convenience in designating the two forms 

R. micens a low nearly circular, caplike, four-chambered 

form, and R. globularis a higher more lobulated form 

having six or more chambers. They occur together in 

many samples.

Species Nos. S58, R62.

Bosalina micens (Cushman)

Plate 4, figure 1 

Rosalina micens (Cushman). Todd, 1965, p. 12, pi. 4, fig. 2.

This low caplike species is found in both holes, in 

scattered samples both above and below the top of the 

Miocene.

Species Nos. S10, R21.

Bosalina orientalis (Cushman)

DisoorUs orientalis Cushman. Todd, 1957, p. 278, 290 (tables 3, 

4), pi. 82, fig. 10; pi. 90, fig. 13.

This high-spired species was originally described 

from Kure and Midway Islands. It is well represented 

in the post-Miocene part of both holes, more continuously in Sand Island hole than in Reef hole.

It appears to be morphologically related to R. turgida 

which may be its ancestor, but the two species are occasionally found together. It has been reported from 

both Holocene and Miocene of Saipan.

Species Nos. Sll, R9.

Bosalina rugosa d'Orbigny 

Rosalina rugosa d'Orbigny. Todd, 1965, p. 12, pi. 4, fig. 1.

A single specimen from the top sample of Sand Island hole seems typical in its dense coarse pores. 

Species No. S12.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E35

Rosalina turgida (Dorreen) 

Plate 4, figure 3

LamarcTcina turgida Dorreen, 1948, p. 297, pi. 39, fig. 6. 

Rosalina turgida (Dorreen). Todcl and Low, 1960, p. 837. 

Discorbis "globularis (d'Orbigny)." Todd and Post, 1954, p. 560, 

pi. 199, fig. 13.

This robust species, described from the upper Eocene 

of New Zealand and reported in the Eocene and Miocene 

of the Eniwetok drill holes, occurs in both Midway 

holes. In Eeef hole it begins at 206 feet and is found 

fairly consistently through the post-Miocene section 

but not below it, except for one questionable specimen. 

In Sand Island hole it is found in scattered samples between 282.5 and 321 feet and again between 483.5 and 

the bottom of the hole.

The hemispherical shape of the test, the coarsely 

perforate upper surface, and the radial ridges on the 

flat lower surface serve to distinguish this species.

/Species Nos. S93, E53.

Genus TRETOMPHALUS Moebius, 1880

Tretomphalus coneinnus (Brady)

Tretomphalus coneinnus (Brady). Todd, 1965, p. 39. 

Rosalina concinna (Brady). Todd, 1965, p. 10, pi. 4, fig. 3.

Eare but typical specimens, some showing the balloon 

chamber, occur near the top of both holes, and also at 

931 feet in Eeef hole.

Species Nos. S67, E47.

Genus NEOCONORBINA Hofker, 1951

Neoconorbina crustata (Cushman)

Neoconorbina crustata (Cushman). Todd. 1965, p. 15, pi. 2, 

figs. 2, 3.

This low, scalelike species having nearly concentric 

dorsal sutures, and typically with a less conspicuously 

punctate wall on the dorsal than on the ventral side, 

is present in both holes but is very rare.

Species Nos. S97, E104.

Neoconorbina floridensis (Cushman) 

Plate 4, figure 5

Neoconorbina floridensis (Cushrnan). Todd, 1965, p. 15, pi. 2, 

fig. 4.

Eare specimens at 241 and 243.5 feet in Sand Island 

hole and at 945 feet in Eeef hole belong in this species 

reported from Fiji. They show dense punctation of 

the dorsal wall in between the curved limbate sutures, 

and the ventral surface is without visible punctation.

Species Nos. S75, El 13.

Neoconorbina frustata (Cushman) 

Neoconorbina frustata (Cushrnan). Todd, 1965, p. 16, pi. 1, fig. 7.

Four single specimens in the lower part of Eeef hole, 

between 1,121 and 1,126 feet, and a single specimen from 

148 feet in Sand Island hole are the only representatives 

of this Holocene species described from off Fiji. The 

species is distinctive in the rufflelike upturned edges of 

the chambers on the dorsal surface and in the translucent appearance of the test.

Species Nos. S69, E143.

Neoconorbina patelliformis (Brady)

Neoconorbina patelliformis (Brady). Todd, 1965, p. 16, pi. 2, 

fig. 1.

Eare specimens, mostly small and poorly preserved, 

occur in both holes in scattered samples both above and 

below the top of the Miocene. They are characterized 

by having a pointed conical test and a deep ventral 

umbilicus.

Species Nos. S106, E77.

Neoconorbina rustica Todd and Low, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 4, 6

Test planoconvex or with ventral side slightly concave with open umbilicus, periphery entire, rounded, 

chambers indistinct, not inflated, four making up the 

final whorl, lunate on the dorsal side, much overlapping 

on the ventral side so that the final one occupies about 

half the ventral surface; sutures indistinct, in some 

specimens marked by curved raised ridges on the dorsal 

side, slightly depressed at their inner ends on the ventral 

side, wall smooth except for raised limbate sutural 

ridges on the dorsal side and irregular thickened ridges 

radiating out from the depressed umbilicus; aperture 

under the edge of the final overlapping chamber, opening into the umbilicus. Diameter 0.35-0.58 mm, height 

0.20-0.30 mm.

Holotype, USNM 688104, from core at a depth of 

about 426 feet in the post-Miocene section of Eeef hole, 

Midway atoll, Hawaiian Islands. The species is common 

at this depth. Eare specimens, mostly smaller and less 

well developed, occur in scattered other samples in both 

Eeef and Sand Island holes between 222 and 529.5 feet 

in Eeef hole and between 137 and 296.5 feet in Sand 

Island hole.

This species differs from N eoconorbvna patelliformis 

in lacking a high pointed apex and the radial markings 

of the ventral surface. In shape of test it more closely 

resembles N. floridensis but does not show the dense 

punctation of the dorsal wall that is characteristic of 

that species. Moreover N. rustica n. sp. has the irregular thickened ridges and knob around the umbilicus that 

are not present in other species of Neoconorbina-.

Species Nos. S47, E59.
E36 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Neoconorbina terquemi (Rzehak) 

Neoconorbina terquemi (Rzehak). Todd, 1965, p. 16, pi. 5, fig. 6.

This species is thicker than A7, cmstata but less thick 

than N. patelliformis. It lacks the ventral knobs that 

characterize N. rustica. n. sp. It occurs rarely and in 

scattered samples in the lower section of the Reef hole.

Species No. R124.

Genus DISCORBIS Lamarck, 1804 

Discorbis vesicularis dimidiata (Parker and Jones)

Plate 4, figure 2

Discorbis vesicularis (Lamarck) var. dimidiata (Jones and 

Parker). Parr, 1932, p. 227, pi. 21, figs. 27-29.

Test small for the genus, composed of 2%-3 whorls, 

convex on the evolute dorsal side, flat or slightly concave on the involute ventral side, periphery rounded 

and slightly lobulated; chambers distinct, slightly inflated, gradually increasing in size as added, seven or 

eight composing the final whorl; sutures distinct, 

straight, and tangential on the dorsal side, straight 

and nearly radial on the ventral side which has prominent astral flaps extending about half way out to the 

periphery from the umbilicus; wall smooth, densely 

punctate, unornamented; apertures consisting of long 

slits extending outward along the rear edge of each 

astral flap. Diameter 0.32-0.45 mm, thickness 0.17- 

0.22 mm.

Outside of their smaller size, more delicate construction, and rounded not angled periphery, the present 

specimens seem closely related to topotypes of this 

species from the Eocene of the Paris Basin. They seem 

identical with a variable form (see above synonymy) 

that was reported from shallow-water habitats of Australia and New Zealand, particularly with the specimen (Parr, 1932, pi. 21, fig. 29) illustrated from Glenelg, South Australia.

This form is likely indicative of shallow or possibly 

even brackish environments. At Midway it was found 

only at 242.5 and 243.5 feet in Sand Island hole. At 

242.5 feet it is the major faunal element.

Species No. S77.

Genus DISCORBINELLA Cushman and Martin, 1935 

Discorbinella? sp. 

Plate 3, figure 9

Test complanate, much compressed, consisting of 

about 21^ whorls, dorsal evolute side slightly convex, 

ventral involute side flat and concave in the umbilicus, 

periphery rounded, entire; chambers seven per adult 

whorl, distinct, not inflated, increasing only slightly in 

size as added; sutures distinct, strongly curved on the

dorsal side, straight and tangential on the ventral side; 

wall densely and coarsely perforate on the dorsal side, 

smooth on the ventral side; aperture a low slit at the 

base of the final chamber on the ventral side with supplementary openings at the rear of each umbilical flap 

that marks the inner end of each chamber. Diameter 

0.32-0.48 mm; thickness about 0.17 mm.

This species is probably new, but material is insufficient to base a new species on. This species differs from 

D. tnontereyensis Cushman and Martin in being more 

evolute on the dorsal side and in showing the strong 

contrast in punctation between dorsal and ventral surfaces. Also, the present specimens do not have the peripheral aperture that is characteristic of this genus. For 

these reasons the generic assignment is questionable.

Specimens are found only in Sand Island hole where 

they occur in the Miocene section between 490 and 499.5 

feet, with a juvenile specimen at 258.8 feet in the postMiocene section.

Species No. S82.

Genus ROTORBINELLA Bandy, 1944

Rotorbinella mira (Cushman)

Plate 5, figures 2, 3

Rotorbinella mira, (Cushman). Todd 1965, p. 18, pi. 8, fig. 2. 

Discorbis balcombensis Chapman, Parr, and Collins. Todd and

Low, 1960, p. 888, pi. 262, fig. 7. 

Rotorbinella sp. Todd and Post, 1954, p. 562, pi. 200, fig. 2.

This species has been known under several specific 

names including Discorbis turbo of authors (not d'Orbigny) and possibly others besides those included in the 

partial synonymy above.

Originally described from the Holocene of the West 

Indies, the species appears to have a wide distribution 

in shallow water in the equatorial regions, and to go 

back at least into the lower Miocene.

Specimens are scarce in the post-Miocene section of 

both holes, but in the Miocene part they are consistently 

present and compose a significant part of the population 

in many samples.

Species Nos S13, RIO.

Genus GYROIDINA d'Orbigny, 1826 

Gyroidina orbicularis d'Orbigny

Gyroidina orbicularis d'Orbigny. Parker 1954, p. 528, pi. 9, figs. 

13, 18.

Rare specimens of a small smooth species having about 

nine chambers per whorl, and lacking an umbilical depression, occur in the lower part of Reef hole between 

1,105.5 and 1,126 feet. G. orbicularis appears to range 

from Eocene to Holocene.

Species No. R135.
SMALLER FORAMINIFEEA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E37

Genus EPONIDES Montfort, 1808 

Eponides duprei ciervoensis Cushman and Simonson

Eponides duprei ciervoensis Cushman and Simonson. Todd and 

Low, 1960, p. 838, pi. 260, fig. 7.

A single specimen was found at 512 feet in Beef hole. 

This subspecies was described from the Oligocene of 

California and has been reported from hole E-l at 

Eniwetok.

/Species No, B83.

Eponides formosulus Todd and Low, n. sp. 

Plate 5, figure 1

Test small for the genus, close coiled but flattened on 

both the dorsal and ventral surfaces, consisting of about 

two whorls, periphery entire,'not lobulated, rounded; 

chambers few, seven in the last whorl, not inflated; sutures straight and radial on the ventral side, slightly 

thickened toward the umbilicus, slightly curved on the 

dorsal side; wall smooth; aperture not observed. Diameter 0.17 mm; thickness 0.11 mm.

Holotype, USNM 688121, from core at 944 feet in the 

Miocene section of Eeef hole, Midway atoll, Hawaiian 

Islands.

This minute species differs from Eponides piisillus 

Parr from the Holocene of Tasmania by having seven 

instead of five chambers per whorl, by the ventral sutures being thickened toward the umbilicus, by the dorsal sutures not being oblique, and by the test being flattened instead of biconvex.

Species No. Bill.

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll)

Eponides repandus (Fichtel and Moll). Todd, 1965, p. 20, pi. 7, 

figs. 3, 4.

Eare specimens of this Holocene species are found in 

scattered samples of both holes, throughout Sand Island 

hole and clown to 510.3 feet in Eeef hole.

Species Nos. S35, E3.

Eponides subornatus (Cushman) 

Plate 5, figure 5

Eponides subornatus (Cushman). LeRoy, 1964, p. 38, pi. 7, 

figs. 27-29.

Eare specimens from between 1,075 and 1,084 feet in 

Eeef hole belong to this robust conical species that is 

recorded from Miocene, Pliocene, and Holocene in the 

Pacific. The coiled side is high conical, the umbilical 

side is nearly flat, and the sutures are limbate.

Species No. E132.

Genus CAtfCRIS Montfort, 1808

Cancris pauciloculatus Cushman and McGlamery 

Plate 5, figure 4

Cancris pauciloculatus Cushman and McGlamery. Cushman and 

Todd, 1942, p. 85, pi. 22, fig. 4.

This species is characterized by fewer chambers per 

whorl than other species in the genus. It occurs in a 

narrow interval in Eeef hole, between 967.5 and 970.5 

feet. It was described from the Oligocene of Alabama 

and reported from several other Oligocene localities 

of the Gulf Coast of the United States. Its presence 

in the lower Miocene here is an upward extension of 

its range.

Species No. E114.

Genus BAGGINA Cushman, 1926 

Baggina parva Todd

Baggina parva Todd, 1957, p. 297, pi. 83, fig. 8.

This species was described from the Miocene Tagpochau Limestone of Saipan. Typical and well-preserved specimens occur rarely in the Miocene section of 

both holes.

Species Nos. S117, E82.

Genus BITCCELLA Andersen, 1952

Buccella perforata Todd and Low

Plate 6, figure 1

Biiccellal perforata Todd and Low, 1960, p. 840, pi. 262,

figs. 9,10. 

Eponides sp. A LeRoy. Todd and Post [not LeRoy], 1954, p. 560,

pi. 200, fig. 1.

This species was described from the Miocene of Eniwetok and was also recorded from the Miocene of 

Bikini. Eare specimens are present in the Miocene sections of both Midway holes, between 466.5 and 498 feet 

in Sand Island hole and between 535 and 1,165 feet in 

Eeef hole. Most of the specimens are small for the 

species and have the characteristics described for 

juveniles.

Species Nos. S115, E91.

Genus SIPHONINA Reuss, 1850 

Siphonina tubulosa Cushman

Siphonina tubttlosa Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 361, pi. 89, figs. 29, 30.

This Holocene to Miocene species is found in both 

holes more consistently below the top of the Miocene 

than above it. Some of the better preserved specimens 

show the tubules through the wall. The apertural neck
E38 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

is very short so that the aperture barely extends out 

beyond the periphery.

Species Nos. S70, R44.

Genus NUTTAL1IDES Finlay, 1939

Nuttallides umboniferus (Cushman)

Plate 6, figure 3

Nuttallides umbonifera (Cushman). Parker, 1964, p. 626, pi. 99,

figs. 36, 40. 

Todd, 1965, p. 29, pi. 11, fig. 1.

A single typical specimen was found in the lower part 

of the Reef hole, at 1,110.5 feet. It clearly shows the reentrant along the apertural face and the wall is rather 

coarsely perforate.

The species was described from deep water of the 

tropical Pacific and has also been recorded from the 

Miocene and Pliocene of the experimental Mohole drilling near Guadalupe Island, Mexico.

Species No. R140.

Genus FATTMOTTTA Loeblich, 1952 

Faumotua terebra (Cushman)

Paumotua terebra (Cushman). Todd, 1965, p. 25, pi. 16, figs. 3, 4. 

This species occurs rarely in the post-Miocene section 

of Sand Island hole.

Species No. S7.

Genus HERONALIENIA Chapman and Parr, 1931 

Heronallenia sp. 

Plate 6, figure 5

Three single specimens belonging in this genus were 

found at 1,108, 1,109.75, and 1,120.5 feet in Reef hole. 

They are small for the genus, 0.23 mm in length, depressed, and unornamented.

Species No. R139.

Genus GLABRATELIA Dorreen, 1948

Glabratella sp.

Plate 6, figure 4

Rare specimens of a small species having four to five 

chambers per final whorl, a lobulated periphery, and a 

large deep umbilical opening surrounded by radial 

grooves, are found in Sand Island hole near the bottom 

and in Reef hole between 1,027 and 1,126 feet. Most 

specimens are rugose or crinkled on the dorsal surface.

Species Nos. S120, R125.

Glabratella? sp. 

Plate 6, figure 2

Rare specimens in eight samples from near the top of 

the Miocene section in Reef hole from between 522 and

620.5 feet appear to be undescribed. A single specimen 

from Sand Island hole at 483.5 feet also seems the same. 

They are small, about 0.23 mm in diameter, compact, 

planoconvex with a deep cavernous umbilical depression. About six chambers make up the final whorl. The 

periphery is rounded and entire. The convex dorsal 

surface is more coarsely perforate than the ventral 

side and is slightly rugose.

There is a question as to whether these would be better assigned to Rosalina than to Glabratella because no 

radial lines are visible around the umbilical opening. 

However, they are tentatively assigned to Glabratella 

because the umbilical opening is larger and deeper than 

that typical of Rosalina.

Species Nos. S118, R88.

Genus EFISTOMINELLA Hu&ezima and Maruhasi, 1944 

Epistominella pulchra (Cushman)

Epistominella pulchra (Cushman). Todd, 1965, p. 31, pi. 10, figs. 

3,4.

Typical specimens of this Holocene species occur in 

the Miocene sections of both holes on Midway, best developed between 1,120.5 and 1,126 feet in Reef hole. It 

has previously been recorded in Miocene beds, from between 600 and 1,955 feet in hole E-l on Eniwetok.

Species Nos. S110, R123.

Epistominella tubulifera (Heron-Alien and Earland)

Epistominella tubulifera (Heron-Alien and Earland). Todd, 

1965, p. 31, pi. 10, fig. 2.

Rare specimens of this Holocene species are found 

in the post-Miocene section of Sand Island hole, between 279.5 and 287.5 feet. The specimens are distinctive 

in the relatively large irregular openings around the 

periphery.

Species No. S89.

Family ROTALIIDAE 

Genus AMMONIA Brunnich, 1772

Ammonia beccarii (Linne) and subspecies tepida (Cushman)

This species and its subspecies, both well known and 

widely reported from the Holocene and as far back as 

Miocene, are present at Midway. Both are significant of 

shallow deposition, the subspecies being characteristic 

of more subdued and protected environments than the 

typical form.

The typical form is found rarely in Reef hole between 

1,105.5 and 1,127.3 feet, whereas the subspecies is found 

more commonly and in both holes between 981 and 

1,109.3 feet in Reef hole and between 140 and 499 feet 

in Sand Island hole.

Species Nos. S54, R118, R120.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E39

Family AMPHISTEGINIDAE 

Genus ASTERIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Asterigerina indistincta Todd and Post

Asterigerina indistincta Todd and Post, 1954, p. 562, pi. 201, 

fig. 1.

This species, described from the post-Miocene section 

in the Bikini holes and reported in the Eniwetok holes, 

occurs commonly at 73 feet in Reef hole. It is not known 

from Holocene sediments. Scattered rare occurrences 

to 293.5 feet in Reef hole and at 286.2 feet and 473.5 feet 

in Sand Island hole extend its range downward.

Asterigerina indistincta is superfically similar to 

Arnphistegina rnadagascariensis* but its fewer chambers are usually visible around the circumference on the 

dorsal side and do not extend inward to the central area, 

although no spiral suture limits them.

Species Nos. S95, R16.

Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post

Plate 7, figure 1 

Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post, 1954, p. 562, pi. 201, fig. 2.

This planoconvex species was described from Tertiary 

g to e beds at Bikini and has also been reported in Tertiary e and / and Eocene beds at Eniwetok.

In both the Midway holes, A. tentoria occurs at the 

top of the Miocene and in scattered samples to 560 feet 

in Reef hole and to 460 feet in Sand Island hole. In 

addition, it reappears in a lower section of Reef hole, 

from 1,041.25 to 1,107.25 feet.

8peci.es Nos. S107, R72.

Genus AMPHISTEGINA d'OrMgny, 1826

Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post

Plate 7, figures 2,3; plate 8, figure 1

AmpJiisteyina bikiniensis Todd and Post, 1954, p. 563, pi. 201, 

fig. 4.

This species begins at the top of the Miocene in both 

holes and continues in scattered samples more or less 

abundantly to the bottom of both holes. It is the predominant species in most of the Miocene section as 

Amphistegina madagascariensis is in the post-Miocene 

section, and A. bikiniensis is gradational with and ancestral to A. madagascariensis.

Although A. bikiniensis was originally described as 

differing from A. madagascariensis by its flatter test 

this distinction does not seem to hold true for all specimens. Instead, most specimens seem to differ by lacking 

the irregular limbate lines that typically appear between the sutures of A. madagascariensis. Also the supplementary chambers are short and triangular and not 

long and curved as they are in A. madagascariensis. 

Species Nos. S102, R71.

Amphistegina madagascariensis d'Orbigny

AmpMstegina madagascariensis d'Orbigny. Oushman, Todd, and 

Post, 1954, p. 362, pi. 90, figs. 1, 2.

This species occupies the predominant position in the 

upper part of both holes; abundantly to 443 feet in 

Sand Island hole and to about 467 feet but with scattered breaks in Reef hole. In both holes there are scattered and less abundant occurrences below these depths. 

At 445 feet in Sand Island hole and 500 feet in Reef 

hole. A. madagascariensis is replaced by its ancestral 

species A. bikiniensis, that occurs abundantly up to the 

top of the Miocene.

Farther down in the holes, the specimens appear to 

become perceptibly flatter than they are at the tops of 

the holes, but still seem specifically indistinguishable. 

Johanna Resig (written commun., July 28, 1969) reports that around Oahu the specimens of A. madagascariensis are generally flatter in deep waters than in 

shallow waters.

The transition between A. madagascai^iensis and A. 

bikiniensis seems to have occurred sometime in the late 

Miocene because by the top of the Midway Miocene, 

which is interpreted as Tertiary g, the specimens seem 

to belong in the latter species.

Species Nos. SI, Rl.

Family ELPHIDIIDAE 

Genus ELPHIDIUM Montfort, 1808

Elphidium advena (Cushman)

Elphidium advenum (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 345, pi. 86, fig. 30.

Rare, mostly small, specimens were found in Sand 

Island hole between 243.5 and 498 feet and in Reef hole 

between 807 and 1,165 feet. They have an acute periphery, narrow chambers, and a small umbilical knob.

Species Nos. S79, R96.

Elphidium aff. E. formosum Todd

Rare specimens were found at 242.5 and 243.5 feet in 

Sand Island hole. This species was described (Todd, 

1957, p. 299, pi. 88, fig. 22) from Holocene beach sediments of Saipan and is characterized by its sutures 

having a beaded appearance. The Midway specimens 

seem similar but not identical.

Species No. S78.
E40 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

Elphidium hyalocostatum Todd 

Elphidium hyalocostatum Todd, 1957, p. 300, pi. 88, fig. 19.

A single specimen of this species described from 

Holocene Saipan sediments was found at 241 feet in 

Sand Island hole.

Species No. S73.

Family CYMBALOPORIDAE 

Genus CYMBALOPORETTA Cushman, 1928

Cymbaloporetta bradyi (Cushman) 

Plate 8, figure 3

Cymbaloporetta bradyi (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 364, pi. 90, figs. 13, 14.

This well-known Holocene species occurs in typical 

form in both holes from the top down to 300 feet in 

Sand Island hole and to 341 feet in Reef hole. A few 

specimens in Reef hole are unusually flat (see pi. 8, fig. 

3) but are otherwise identical.

In Sand Island hole there is a zone of common to 

abundant Cymbaloporetta ~bradyi between 279.5 and 

292.75 feet. It is associated here with common to abundant specimens of Reussella simplex.

Species Nos. S3, R2.

Family ANOMALINIDAE 

Genus ANOMALINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Anomalina glabrata Cushman 

Plate 8, figure 5

Anomalina glabrata Cushman. Graham and Militante, 1959, 

p. 115, pi. 19, fig. 8.

This Miocene to Holocene species widely reported 

around the Pacific, is distinguished from Nonion pacificutn by being evolute on one side. It is found in both 

holes in scattered samples nearly throughout Reef hole 

but only in the lower part of Sand Island hole.

Species Nos. S10'9, R27.

Anomalina? maculosa Todd 

Anomalina'! maculosa Todd, 1957, p. 296, pi. 92, fig. 12.

Typical and well-preserved specimens occur rarely 

near the top of Sand Island hole. 

Species No. S2.

Genus CIBICIDES Montfort, 1808

Cibicides cicatricosus (Schwager) 

Plate 11, figure 7

Cibicides cicatricosus (Schwager). Cushman, Todd, and Post,

1954, p. 371, pi. 91, figs. 25, 26. 

Todd, 1957, p. 279 (table 3), pi. 80, fig. 8. 

Todd, 1965, p. 52, pi. 22, fig. 3. 

Todd, 1966, p. 26.

This robust, coarsely porous species occurs most commonly in the Sand Island hole at 490-500 feet with scattered specimens just above that section. It occurs first 

at the 560-foot level in the Reef hole and is scattered to 

a depth of 1,127 feet.

It was found in only the Holocene sediment of the 

Marshall Islands and in Miocene to Holocene of the 

Mariana Islands.

Species Nos. S45, R92.

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob)

Cibicides lobatulus (Walker and Jacob). Cushman, Todd, and

Post, 1954, p. 371, pi. 91, figs. 27, 28. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 852. 

Todd, 1965, p. 52, pi. 22, fig. 1.

This cosmopolitan and variable species is scattered 

throughout both drill holes in varying degrees of 

abundance. In the Reef hole it is found as deep as 1,165 

feet and occurs most commonly between 529 and 535 

feet.

Some specimens approach the genus Cibicidina in 

form, but the coarsely perforate wall indicates their 

correct placement is in Cibicides.

Species AW. S22, R17.

Cibicides mayori (Cushman)

Cibicides mayori (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954,

p. 371, pi. 91, figs. 29, 30. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 852. 

Todd, 1965, p. 53, pi. 22, fig. 7.

The occurrence of this species in the Midway core 

samples as deep as 1,108 feet in Reef hole tends to confirm our supposition that it occurred in place in the 

cuttings of Miocene age in the Eniwetok drill hole E-l. 

The rare specimens scattered in the tops of both Midway drill holes are beautifully preserved, the distinctive 

keel on several individuals retaining a frilled edge.

Species Nos. S63, R52.

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman)

Cibicides pseudoungerianus (Cushman). LeBoy, 1964, p. 45, pi. 8, 

figs. 13-15.

Rare specimens of this close-coiled species are found 

between 968.5 and 974.5 feet in the Reef hole. The 

species has a long recorded range from Eocene to Holocene and is widely reported.

Species No. R115.

Cibicides refulgens Montfort

Cibicides refulgens Montfort. Todd and Low, 1960, p. 852,

pi. 262, fig. 14. 

Todd, 1965, p. 53.

Several specimens at 421-426.2 feet in the Reef hole 

are clearly identifiable as this planoconvex species. It
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E41

was scattered in the upper parts of the Eniwetok drill 

holes. 

Species No. R65.

Cibicides cf. . robertsonianus (Brady)

One specimen in the Sand Island hole closely resembles the biconvex species Cibicides robertsonianus. 

Recrystallization tends to obscure the porosity of the 

surface although the backward-curving sutures are 

visible.

The species is not common in the Pacific and was not 

recorded from the Marshall or Mariana Islands.

Species No. S96.

Genus CIBICIDINA Bandy, 1949

Cibicidina sp. 

Plate 6, figure 6

A few specimens from between 931 and 985.5 feet in 

Reef hole appear to belong in this genus. They are 

planoconvex or concavoconvex with limbate sutures on 

the flat side. Preservation is too imperfect to permit 

more accurate identification.

Species No. RIOT.

Genus CYCIOIOCTTLINA Heron-Alien and Earland, 1908 

Cycloloculina sp. 

Plate 8, figure 2

Cycloloculina sp. Todd and Post, 1954, p. 564, pi. 200, fig. 6. 

Todd, 1957, p. 268 (table 1), pi. 71, fig. 5. 

Todd and Low, 1960, p. 850, pi. 257, fig. 5.

A few rare but well-preserved specimens are present 

in Reef hole between 1,106.75 and 1,126 feet. The genus 

is not known from rocks younger than Miocene. It has a 

worldwide distribution and has been reported from 

several Pacific localities: Bikini, Eniwetok, and Saipan. (See synonymy above.)

Species No. R137.

Genus CIBICIDELLA Cushman, 1927 

Cibicidella variabilis (d'Orbigny)

OiWcidella variabilis (d'Orbigny). Oushman, Todd, and Post, 

1954, p. 372, pi. 82, fig. 13.

This widely recorded Holocene species occurs rarely 

in both holes at Midway. Most of the specimens are 

small for the species, or represent initial stages of the 

species.

Species Nos. S114, R95.

Family PLANORBULINIDAE 

Genus PLANORBULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Planorbulina acervalis Brady

Planorbulina acervalis Brady. 'Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 372, pi. 82, fig. 14; pi. 91, figs. 34-36.

This species, together with Acervutina inhaerens with 

which it may be confused, is present in scattered samples 

throughout both holes. It is characterized by an irregular test with individually inflated chambers.

Species Nos. S37, R28.

Genus PLANORBTTLINOIDES Cushman, 1928 

Planorbulinoides retinaculatus (Parker and Jones)

PlanorT)ulinoides retinaculata (Parker and Jones). Todd and 

Low, 1960, p. 853, pi. 262, fig. 5; pi. 263, fig. 10.

A few scattered specimens of this rough-surfaced 

attached form are found in both holes, some in the Miocene part of Reef hole.

Species Nos. SSQ, R43.

Genus PIANORBULINEILA Cushman, 1927 

Planorbulinella larvata (Parker and Jones)

Planorbulinella larvata (Parker and Jones). Todd and Low, 

1960, p. 853, pi. 258, fig. 6; pi. 263, fig. 5.

Although this species was recorded as rare in Holocene sediments of the Marshall Islands, it was somewhat abundant in the cuttings from the upper sections 

of the Eniwetok drill hole E-l. In addition, it was 

found in the Eocene core of Eniwetok hole F-l.

It is restricted to three Miocene samples in the Midway Reef hole at about 931 feet, a section having a rich 

fauna of fairly well preserved material.

Species No. R105.

Genus ACERVULINA Schultze, 1854 

Acervulina inhaerens Schultze

Acervulina inhaerens Schultze. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 372, pi. 91, figs. 37, 38.

This species is less well represented than Planorbulina acervalis but it is present in both holes. The test 

is a low scalelike mass of chambers that grow out over 

each other with a sinuous pattern of sutures, and the 

wall is usually less coarsely perforate than in Planorbulina acervalis.

Species Nos. S20, R29.

Genus GYPSINA Carter, 1877

Gypsina discus Goes 

Plate 11, figure 6

Gypsina vesicularis var. discus Goes, 1896, p. 74, pi. 7, figs. 4-6.

Chapman, 1900, p. 199, pi. 19, fig. 13. 

Gypsina discus Goes, (Cole, 1961 [1960 imprint], p. A5, pi. 3,

figs. 3, 4, 7.

Rare specimens of Gypsina discus occur in the short 

section between 1,113 and 1,129 feet as well as at 1,165 

feet in Reef hole.
E42 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

The species was described from dredgings from a 

depth of 400 fathoms in the Caribbean. It has been 

recorded more extensively from Holocene sediments in 

the Pacific, but it was not found in the Marshall Islands. It is recorded from beds of Oligocene and 

Miocene age in the Mariana Islands, Fiji, and the 

Caribbean area.

Species No. R141.

Gypsina globula (Reuss)

Gypsina globula (Reuss). Todd and Low, 1960, p. 853. Todd, 

1965, p. 55, pi. 22, fig. 5.

Gypsina vesicularis (Parker and Jones). Todd and Low, 1960, 

p. 853.

This species is found in scattered occurrences from 

near the top of each hole to a depth of 1,128 feet in the 

Reef hole and 500 feet in the Sand Island hole. In the 

Reef hole it dominates the fauna, with Amphistegina 

bikiniensis, at 1,070 to 1,071 feet; in the Sand Island 

hole it dominates, with dbicides inayori, at 488 to 496 

feet.

Gypsina globula was found in cores of Eocene age as 

well as cuttings throughout the Eniwetok drill holes.

Species Nos. S46, R18.

Family HOMOTREMATIDAE 

Genus HOMOTREMA Hickson, 1911

Homotrema rubrum (Lamarck) 

Homotrema rubrum (Lamarck). Todd and Low, 1960, p. 854.

Rare fragmentary specimens, some of the "Homotrema-typv" and some of the more fragile "Miniacinatype," are found in both holes. Those in Sand Island 

hole are found only to 145 feet; those in Reef hole are 

in scattered samples to 620.5 feet.

Species Nos. S5, R5.

Family NONIONTDAE 

Genus NONION Montfort, 1808

Nonion akitaense Asano

Plate 8, figure 4 

Nonion akitaense Asano, 1950, p. 1, figs. 1, 2.

This species is depressed with a rounded periphery 

and has eight or nine chambers in the whorl. Rare 

specimens occur in Reef hole between 1,043 and 1,045 

feet, between 1,121 and 1,125 feet, and at 1,186 feet. 

Comparison with Japanese specimens indicates they 

are the same.

This species was described from the Pliocene of 

Japan and recorded from the Pliocene of Okinawa and 

the Quaternary of China.

Species No. R130.

Nonion pacificum (Cushman) 

Plate 8, figure 6

Nonion imcificum (Cushman). Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 345, pi. 86, fig. 25.

This Miocene to Holocene species is superficially 

similar to Anomalina glabrata but is equally involute 

on both sides.

It is found in both holes, both above and below the 

top of the Miocene.

Species Nos. S76, R89.

Genus FLORILUS Montfort, 1808 

Florilus communis (d'Orbigny)

Plate 9, figure 2 

Nonion commune (d'Orbigny). Cushman, 1939, p. 10, pi. 3, fig. 2.

Two single specimens of this Miocene species were 

found at 1,108 and 1,121.5 feet in Reef hole. They are 

thick and flaring at the apertural face, and there are 

nine chambers visible.

Species No. R138.

Genus PSETTDONONION Asano, 1936

Pseudononion atlanticum (Cushman)

Plate 9, figure 1 

Nonionella atlanticum Cushman, 1947, p. 90, pi. 20, figs. 4, 5.

This species occurs in the Miocene section in Reef hole 

between 979.5 and 1,046 feet and again between 1,101.5 

and 1,165 feet. There is considerable variation in size 

and shape (thickness and length), but all specimens are 

thin walled and appear to belong to this species described from off the coast of Florida.

P. atlanticum resembles and may prove to be indistinguishable from P. grateloupi (d'Orbigny) (Cushman, 1939, p. 21, pi. 6, figs. 1-7) whose reported records 

go back to the Miocene. However, P. atlanticum is 

usually thicker and proportionally shorter and broader 

than P. grateloupi.

Species No. R117.

Pseudononion aff. P. tredecum Asano 

Plate 9, figure 3

Three specimens at 1,041.25 feet and one at 1,111.5 

feet in Reef hole are similar to this species (Asano, 1950, 

p. 5, figs. 22-24) and are reported to range from upper 

Pliocene to Holocene in Japan. The specimens are 

nearly circular and flattened with about 12 long curved 

chambers in the last whorl.

Species No. R126.
SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E43

Genus ASTRONONION Cushman and Edwards, 1937

Astrononion sp. 

Plate 9, figure 6

A small species of Astrononion, having eight to 10 

chambers per whorl and rather narrow and inconspicuous supplementary chambers, occurs in the lower part of 

Reef hole, from 1,005 to 1,129 feet. Specimens are persistent but rare. They are insufficient for identification.

Species No. R122.

Family CASSIDTTLINIDAE 

Genus CASSIDULINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Cassidulina minuta Cushman

Cassidulina minuta Cushman. Cushman, Todd, and Post, 1954, 

p. 366, pi. 90, fig. 35.

A single typical specimen of this Holocene species 

was found at 259.8 feet in Sand Island hole. Cassidulina 

minuta is widely reported in shallow water around the 

Pacific Islands.

Species No. S85.

Family ROBERTINIDAE 

Genus ALLIATINA Troelsen, 1954

Alliatina translucens (Cushman)

Nonionella transhtcens Cushman, 1933, p. 45, pi. 11, fig. 2. 

Alliatina translucens (Cushman). Todd, 1962 [1961 imprint], 

p. 179 (table 1), pi. 23, fig. 2.

This distinctively mottled and translucent aragonitic 

species is represented by one broken specimen at 103.5 

feet in Reef hole. Recorded occurrences appear to be 

restricted to Holocene sediments of the tropical Pacific.

Species No. R38.

Family GLOBIGERINIDAE 

Genus GLOBIGERINA d'Orbigny, 1826

Globigerina conglomerata Schwager

Globifferina conglomerata Schwager. Bradshaw, 1959, p. 33, 

pi. 6, figs. 6, 7.

Three specimens, two immature, from Reef hole at 

426.2 feet are the only representatives found of this 

Holocene species.

/Species No. R66.

Globigerina trilocularis d'Orbigny 

Plate 9, figure 4

Globigerina trilocularis d'Orbigny. Bermudez, 1960, p. 1202, 

pi. 5, figs. 10, 11.

Some specimens, in which the final whorl consists of 

three chambers, the periphery is lobulate, and the single 

umbilical aperture is relatively small, are referred to 

this long-ranging species that was described from the

Miocene of France. At Midway they are found only in 

the Miocene sections of both holes. 

Species Nos. Sill, R76.

Genus GLOBIGERINITA Bronnimann, 1951

Globigerinita glutinata (Egger)

Globigerinita glutinata (Egger). Parker, 1967, p. 146, pi. 17, 

figs. 3-5.

Only single specimens were found at 103.5 and at 

500 feet in Reef hole. 

Species No. R42.

Genus GLOBIGEBINOIDES Cushman, 1927

Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady)

Globigerinoides conglobatus (Brady). Parker, 1967, p. 154, pi. 20, 

figs. 3, 4.

This species is found very rarely in the post-Miocene 

section of both holes. 

Species Nos. S55, R67.

Globigerinoides niber (d'Orbigny)

Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny). Parker, 1967, p. 156, pi. 22, 

figs. 1^.

Specimens were found only in the post-Miocene section of Reef hole. It occurs fairly commonly with other 

planktonics at about 426 feet (421-426.2 feet bottom).

Species No. R32.

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady)

Globigerinoides sacculifer (Brady). Parker, 1967, p. 156, pi. 21, 

figs. 1, 2, 4; text fig. 5.

Very rare but typical specimens are found in both 

holes. All but one at 986.2 feet in Reef hole are in the 

post-Miocene section.

Species Nos. S56, R54.

Globigerinoides trilobus (Reuss)

Globigerinoides triloba (Reuss). Hamilton and Rex, 1959, p. 792, 

pi. 253, figs. 17-19-

Though poorly preserved and not abundant, specimens are found between 257 and 970.5 feet in Reef hole 

and at 292.75 and 460 feet in Sand Island hole. The species is typical of Miocene and younger deposits.

Species Nos. SlOO, R60.

Globigerinoides trilobus altiaperturus Bolli 

Plate 9, figure 5

Globigerinoides triloba altiapertura Bolli, 1957, p. 113, pi. 25, 

figs. 7, 8; text fig. 21 (3).

A few specimens were found in Sand Island hole at 

460 and 483.5 feet. They have a relatively large high-
E44 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

arched aperture. The subspecies was described from the 

Miocene of Trinidad and has been reported from many 

localities in America, Europe, Australia, and New Zealand. Bolli (1966, range chart) reports its range to extend from lower Miocene into middle Miocene (zones 

Globorotalia fohsi barisaneiwis to Globorotalia mayeri) 

in the Bodjonegoro-1 well in Java. 

Species No. S112.

Genus ORBULINA d'Orbigny, 1839

Orbulina universa d'Orbigny

Orbulhia universa d'Orbigny. Bradshaw, 1959, p. 49, pi. 8, figs. 

17, 18.

A single specimen was found in Sand Island hole at 

289.5 feet. 

/Species No. S99.

Family GLOBOROTALIIDAE 

Genus GLOBOROTALIA Cushman, 1927

Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler) 

Plate 9, figure 7

Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler). Parker,

1962, p. 235, pi. 4, figs. 17,18,20, 21. 

Parker, 1967, p. 176, pi. 30, figs. 1-3.

This well known and widely distributed species is reported to range from lower Pliocene to Holocene. Single 

specimens were found at 317.5 and 344 feet in Reef hole 

and 279.5 feet in Sand Island hole.

Species Nos. S90, R61.

Globorotalia inflata (d'Orbigny)

Globorotalia inflata (d'Orbigny). Parker, 1962, p. 236, pi. 5, figs.

6-9. 

Parker, 1967, p. 179, pi. 29, figs. 1, 3.

This well known and widely distributed species is reported to range only from upper Pliocene to Holocene. 

Typical specimens occur at about 426 feet in Reef hole.

Species No. R68.

Globorotalia aff. G. margaritae Bolli and Bermudez

Two specimens in Reef hole at about 426 feet appear 

to be related to this species whose range is reported to 

be from upper Miocene to middle Pliocene. G. margaritae (Bolli and Bermudez, 1965, p. 139, pi. 1, figs. 16-18) 

was described from Venezuela and reported also from 

Java. It differs from G. menardii chiefly by its more convex dorsal surface and by the shape of its chambers that 

are broader than high. Our -specimens are larger and 

have higher chambers than topotypes lent by Frances 

Parker, but otherwise seem similar.

Species No. R69.

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SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES E45

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E46 GEOLOGY OF THE MIDWAY AREA, HAWAIIAN ISLANDS

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INDEX

[Italic page numbers indicate major references aad descriptions]

Page

acervalis, Planorbulina.. E10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 41 

Acervulina inhaerens..... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 41 

advena, Elphidium....... 11,13,15,17,19,21,22, 23,39

Patellina....... 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,34; pi. 3

advenum, Elphidium.......................... 39

agglutinans, Textularia...................... 8, 22,23

akitaense, Nonion...... 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,40; pi. 8

akneriana, Quinqueloculina.................... 3,

9, 11,13,15,17,19,21; pi. 11

alazanensis, Bolivina... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21, 31; pi. 2 

Alliatina translucent. .......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

altiapertura, Globigerinoides triloba_-....-.-- 43

altiaperturus, Globigerinoides trilobus.......... 5,

7, 24, 25, 43; pi. 9 

Ammonia..................................... 6,38

beccarii.................... 11,13,15,17,19,21,38

tepida..__.__. 3, 5,11,13,15,17,19, 21,22,23, 38 

Amphistegina............................ 3,4; pi. 12

bikiniensis................................ 3,

4. 5, 6, 7,11,13,15,17,19, 21, 24, 25, 39, 42; 

pis. 7,8 

madagascariensis.......................... 2,

4,5,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,39 

angularis, Clavulina........................... 5,

9,10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23; pis. 1,11 

angulata, Gaudryina triangularis.............. 3,

8,11,13,15,17,19, 21 

Spiroloculina........ 10,12,14,16,18,20, 22,23, $6

Angulogerina........... ....___..._._.. 3

fijiensis................................... 33

hughesi................................... 33

midwayensis........ 1,11,13,15,17,19,21,33; pi. 3

occidentalis................................ 33

tenuistriata..................... 5,24,25,33; pi. 3

Anomalina glabrata........................... 10,

12,14,16,18,20,24, 25, 40, 42; pi. 8 

maculosa............................... 22,23,40

arietina, Spirolina........ 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,09

Astacolus sp............ 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,09; pi. 1

Asterigerina indistincta... 10,12,14,16,18,20,24,25,39 

tentoria................................... 3,

5. 6, 7,11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 39; pi. 7 

Astrononion sp-.......... 11,13,15,17,19,21,43; pi. 9

atlanticum, Pseudononion..................... 11,

13,15,17,19, 21, 42; pi. 9 

Austrotrillina............................ 3,4,5,7,28

sand..........-,....-.-..-.--. 4,5,6,28; pi. 12

striata-.-................................. 1,

3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 

28; pi. 11

B

Baggatella sp.__........ 3,11,13,15,17,19, 21,30; pi. 3

Baggina pana....... 3, 5,11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25,37

balcombensis, Discorbis........................ 36

barisanensis zone, Oloborotalia fohsi. .- ..... 44

beaconensis, Cyprideis......................... 5

beccarii, Ammonia...._ ________ 11,13,15,17,19, 21,35

tepida, Ammonia. 3,5,11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23, 38 

bicarinata, Triloculina.... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22, 23, 26

bikiniensis, Amphistegina. - -... -- 3,

4, 5,6, 7,11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 39, 42; pis. 7, 8 

Triloculina............................ 22,23,i6

Page 

Bolisina,................................. E3,4; pi. 12

alazanensis......... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21, 31; pi. 2

chinenensis... 8,11,13,15,17,19, 21,22, 23, 31; pi. 2 

compacta.. 5,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 31, 32; pi. 2 

elongata................................... 32

fastigia. _._._._._._. 3,11,13,15,17,19, 21, 31; pi. 2 

rhomboidalis.--. 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22, 23,-SI; pi. 2 

striatula.... 4,5,10,12,14,16,18,20, 22, 23,31; pi. 2

tortuosa........ 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 24,25, SI; pi. 2

(Laterostomella) gumbeliniformis.... ___.__ 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 32; pi 2

(Loxostomum) limbata. 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 32; pi. 3

mayori ________ 11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25,30

Bolivinella.................................... 4,30

folium............. 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,SO; pi. 3

bradyana, Quinqueloculina.................... 11,

13,15,17,19,21,22, 23, 24 

bradyi, Cymbaloporetta........................ 5,

10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 40; pi. 8 

Parrina ............................. 22,23,09

Trifarina....... 11,13,15,17,19,21, 22,23, S3; pi. 3

BucceUa perforata............................. 5,

11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25,37; pi. 6 

Buliminamarginata........................ 22,23,S/

Buliminella................................... 3,4,

elegantissima.... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25, SO, 31

madagascariensis........................... 11,

13,15,17,19,21,24, 25, SO; pi. 2

C

caduca, Spiroloculina.........-.-..-.-....-- 22,23,27

Calcarina..................................... 6

Cancris pauciloculatus.. 3,11,13,15,17,19, 21,57; pi. 5 

Cassidulina minuta. _...................... 22,23,43

Caucasina.................................... 3,4

khalilovi.................................. 30

sp..--.-..-.-...--..- 11,13,15,17,19,21, SO; pi. 2 

chinenensis, Bolivina.......................... 8,

11,13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 31; pi. 2 

Cibicidella variabilis .. 11,13,15,17,19, 21, 24, 25, 4! 

Cibicides..................................... 3,4,40

cicatricosus................................ 11,

13,15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 40; pi. 11 

lobatulus........ 3,4,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 40

mayori............ 10; 12,14,16,18,20,22, 23,40,42

 .... 11,13,15,17,19,21,40

........ 10,12,14,16,18,20,40

robertsonianus......................... 24, 25,41

Cibicidina..................................... 40

sp.............. 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 41; pi. 6

cicatricosus, Cibicides.......................... 11,

13,15, 17,19, 21, 22, 23, 40; pi. 11 

ciervoensis, Eponides duprei.... 11,13,15,17,19,21, 37

circularis, Fissurina....................... 22,23,32

circulum, Fissurina........................... 32

clara, Spiroloculina...... 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23, 27

lirata, Spiroloculina........................ 27

Clavulina..................................... 3,9

angularis.................................. 5,

9, 10,12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23; pis. 1, 11 

muUicamerata............................. 5,

9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25; pi. 1 

pacifica................................... 9

parisiensis muUicamerata.................. 9

Page 

commune, Nonion............................. E42

communis, Florilus.... 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 40; pi. 9

Spiroloculina............ 3,11,13,15,17,19,21, 27

compacta, Bolivina............................ 5,

10, 12, 14,16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 31, 32; pi. 2 

complanata, Virgulina........................ 3,

4,11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 30; pi. 3 

concinna, Rosalina............................ 35

condnnus, Tretomphalus. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,35 

conglobatus, Globigerinoides.................... 11,

13,15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 43 

conglomerata, Globigerina....... 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

Cornuspira................................... 4,28

planorbis............ 11,13,15,17,19,21, 22,23,08

Correlation__.__ - 6 

corrugata, Spiroloculina....................... 27

costata, Quinqueloculina....................... 3,

11,13, 15, 17,19, 21, 04; pi. 1 

crassaformis, Globorotalia...................... 10,

12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24, 25, 44; pi. 9 

Cribrogoesella parvula......................... 3,

6, 7, 9,11, 13, 15,17,19, 21; pi. 1 

crustata, Neoconorbina........................ 11,

13,15,17,19,21,24,25,35,36 

cucurbitasema, Fissurina................. 6,22,23,30

Cycloloculina sp. ----------------------------- 4,

7,11,13,15,17,19,21, 41; pi. 8 

Cymbaloporetta bradyi.. ----------------------- 5,

10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 40; pi. 8 

eaconensis....---------------------- 5

D

davidiana, Valtulina. ... 8,9,10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23

decorata , Spirillina.. ..... 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 34

densepunctata, Spirillina vivipara.. ............ 34

denticulata, Pyrgo.. ...... 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 28

dimidiata, Discorbis vesicularis . . ... 5, 22, 23, 36; pi. 4

Discorbinella montereyensis .................... 36

sp. ---------------------------- 22,23,36; pi. 3

balcombensis - _____ _ ---------------------- 36

globularis. ................................ 35

or iental is .... ------------------------------ 34

turbo. ...----._------------.-------------- 36

vesicularis dimidiata ............ 5, 22, 23, 36; pi. 4

discus, Gypsina. ...... 4, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 41 ; pi. 11

Gypsina vesicularis... --------------------- 41

dlstorqueata, Quinqueloculina-.....-..------ 22,23,24

duprei ciervoensis, Eponides. ... 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 37

E

elegantissima, Buliminella..------------------- 4,

11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25, SO, 31 

elongata, Bolivina..........-......-..-.------- 32

Elphidium----------------------------------- 4> 5

advena............... 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,39

advenum. --------------------------------- 39

formosum ------------------------------ 22,23,39

hyalocostatum..........---.--.--------- 22,23. 40

Entosolenia marginata lagenoides, ------------- 32

Epistominella pulchra.--. 11,13,15,17,19, 21,24,25, 38 

----------------------- 24,25,38

E47
E48 INDEX

Page

Eponides duprei ciervoensis... Ell, 13,15,17.19. 21, 37 

formosulus....... 1,3,11,13,15,17,19,21,37; pi. 5

pusillus ... ------------------------------ 37

repandus. ----------- 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,37

subornatus.. ------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,37; pi. 5

sp__---.----_. ._-_-------_-_---_.-_------ 37

fastigia, Bolwina,-.. 3, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, SI; pi. 2 

ferussaci, Quinqueloculina.__-.--- ......._...-- 25

fijiensis, Angulogerina..._._____...-.____..-.-. 33

Fischerina helix.----------------- ..._..--_- 22,23,29

Fischerinella.-..-----------------.--.--.------ 29

Fissurina circularis. ----------------------- 22,23,32

circulum....................-.---.---.-... 32

cucurbitasema......-....-........ .. 6,22,23,32

Zapewoides--.- --- ..- 10,12,14,16,18,20,32 

floridensis, Neoconorbina.--------------------- 11,

13,15,17,19, 21, 22, 23,35,- pi. 4 

Floriluscommunis------ 11,13,15,17,19, 21,42; pi. 9

/oftsi barisanensis zone, Globorotalia..-- --...... 44

foliacea, Textularia...-..-. 8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23 

folium, Bolivinella .. 3,11,13,15,17,19, 21, 30; pi. 3 

formosulus, Eponides_-._-_-_-___-_____-._-- 1,

3,11,13,15,17,19,21, 37; pi. 5 

formosum, Elphidium.........------------ 22,23,39

frondescens, Sagenina._...._......-.__-...-- 8,22,23

frustata, Neoconorbina . 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,35

G

Gaudryina triangularis angulata.-.----------- 3,

8,11,13,15,17,19,21

(Siphogaudryina) rugulosa -. 8, 10,12,14,16,18,20 

siphonifera..------ 8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23

glabrata, Anomalina... ......-._.---....._...-. 10,

12,14,16,18,20, 24,25, 40, 42; pi. 8 

Glabratella..------.-----....-.------------- 38

sp-.-------- 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25,38; pi. 6

Globigerina conglomerata....... 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

trilocularis-------------------------------- 3,

5, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 24, 25, 43; pi. 9 

Globigerinita glutinata.. -.._____ 10,12,14,16,18, 20,43

Globigerinoides conglobatus. ___------_.---.---- 11,

13,15,17,19, 21,22,23,43 

ruber----------------.--.-- 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

sacculifer. ........... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,43

traoba.. .. --.. .. 43

altiapertura...-.-.......-.-..--...-.-. 43

trilobus. ..--.-------- 10,12,14,16,18, 20,24,25,43

altiaperturus.----------- 5, 7, 24, 25, 43; pi. 9

Globorotalia crassaformis__-----__.__.-_----- 10,

12,14,16,18,20, 24,25,44; pi. 9 

fohsi barisanensis zone__________________ 44

inflata.-.------------------ 11,13,15,17,19,21,44

margaritae-.--.-- ---------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,44

mayeri zone.-.__.-__________-.....--.__. 44

menardii---.--- __-__-______-.___-______ 44

globosa, Oolina..-._._-..._ ... 11,13,15,17,19,21,32 

globula, Gypsina....- 3, 5,10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23, 42

globularis, Discorbis. -------------------------- 35

Rosalina. .......... 3,10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,34

glutinata, Globigerinita- -------- 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

grateloupi, Pseudononion-.-------------------- 42

gumbeliniformis, Bolwina (Laterostomella) ...-._ 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 32; pi. 2

Laterostomella. ........................... 32

Gypsina discus,------- 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,4;; pi. 11

globula -------- 3, 5,10,12,14,16,18,20, 22,23, $

vesicularis... .............................. 42

discus --- ---------.-------------....- 41

Gyroidina orbicularis. -.-..._. 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,35

H 

nantkeni, Tritaxilina.-... ____.._ 9,11,13,15,17,19,21

Hauerina involuta..--.... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,28

milUtti ----------------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,28

pacifica..-.--..----_.._._._-_-.___._.-. 22,23,28

helix, Fischerina .......................... 22,23,29

Page 

Hemicristellaria procera----------------------- E29

Heronalleniasv- ....... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,38; pi. 6

Heterostegina .-....-.---...-.------.---.------ 2

hispida, Lagena..-------------------------- 24,25,30

Homotrema rubrum------ 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,42

hughesi, Angulogerina---..--..---.-.-.-.-----. 33

hyalocostatum, Elphidium ----------------- 22,23,40

tncisura, Triloculina.. ...-.-. .------ 22,23,86

indistincta, Aster iger ina.. 10,12,14,16,18,20,24,25,39 

inflata, Globorotalia----------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,44

inhaerens, Acervulina.... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 4!

involuta, Hauerina.----- 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23,25

Triloculina .......... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22, 23, 26

irregularis, Triloculina--- 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,25

K

kerimbatica, Triloculina-. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22, 23,25 

khalilovi, Caucasina.-------------------------- 30

labiosa, Miliolina.-------.---~ ----------- 26

Miliolinella .......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,25

laevigata, Quinqueloculina.-.----.--.--.---- . 4

11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 29; pi. 1 

Lagena globosa.. ....-.--..---...-.--...----... 32

hispida-.-.--.------------------------- 24,25,30

lagenoides, Entosolenia marginata-. ------------ 32

Fissurina.- ................ 10,12,14,16,18,20,32

Lamarckina turgida.. _-_....-_-.----.----.---. 35

larvata, Planorbulinella. .... - 3,11,13,15,17,19,21, 41

Laterostomella gumbeliniformis.... ------------- 32

(Laterostomella) gumbeliniformis, Bolwina..... 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23,32; pi. 2 

Lenticulinas^..----------------------------- 11,

13,15,17,19,21,24,25,29; pi. 2

limbata, Bolwina (Loxostomum).--.-. ...--.. 10,

12,14,16,18,20,32; pi. 3

limbatum, Loxostomum-..... -------------- 32

linneiana, Triloculina-------------------- 22,23,25

lirata, Spiroloculina clara. _.____.---._.-----._. 27

lobatulus, Cibicides . 3, 4,10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23,40 

Loxostomum limbatum.----------------------- 32

TOa^on'---.-.------------------------------ 32

sp_. .- ..._.-.... . --.---- 31

(Loxostomum) limbata, Bolivina.-------------- 10,

12,14,16,18. 20,32; pi. 3 

mayori, Bolivina. .. - - 11,13,15,17,19,21, 24,25,32

M 

maculosa, Anomalina... _-______----_.__-_-- 22,23,40

madagascariensis,Amphistegina..... _______---_ 2,

4, 5,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,39 

Buliminella.... 11,13,15,17,19,21, 24,25,30; pi. 2

manifesta, Spiroloculina- _________-__.-__- 5, 22,23,27

margaritae, Globorotalia- ....... 11,13,15,17,19,21,44

marginata, Bulimina----------------------- 22, 23,31

lagenoides, Entosolenia. ------------------- 32

Marginopora vertebralis- ----------------------- 2,

4,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,29 

Marginulina procera.... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,29; pi. 1

marshallana, Spiroloculina ............-----. 27

Valvulammina ____-_____-_---__--------- 3,

4,5,6, 7,9,11,13,15,17,19, 21,24, 25; pi. 10 

martii, Valvulina..--------------------------- 3,

4, 5, 6,7,9,11,13,15,17,19, 21,24, 25 

Massilina occlusa....____-______----____---_--- 27

mayeri zone, Globorotalia---------------------- 44

mayori, Bolwina (Loxostomum) _------------- 11,

13,15,17,19,21,24,25,32

Cibicides-- .-._-.. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22, 23,40,42 

Loxostomum _.---.-----.----------------- 32

Spiroloculina-..-------------------- 22,23,27

menardii, Globorotalia........... .. .. . 44

micens, Rosalina- 10,12, 14, 16, 18, 20,22, 23, 34; pi. 4

midwayensis, Anjulogerena . __.. __..-___ 1,

13,15,17, 19, 21, 33; pi. 3

Page 

mi\iol\d-Amphistegina fades_....-.-..--.-... E2

miliolid fragments..... ~. _. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23

miliolid molds.............. 11,13,16,17,19,21, 24,25

Miliolina labiosa ..__-----.____-__--._________. 26

Miliolinella labiosa....... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,25

milletti, Hauerina-----...-. - 11,13,15,17,19,21,28

Miniacina.... .-......--.-....-...--.....-...., 42

minuta, Cassidulina..................-.---. 22,23,43

mira, Rotorbinella. -... - -.___-___--__-_-__. 3,

4, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 23, 35; pi. 5

molds, miliolid.....------.. 11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25

montereyensis, Discorbinella ..--..-......-..... 36

multicamerata, Clavulina -.________..____..__.. 5,

9, 11,13,15,17,19. 21, 24, 25; pi. 1 

Clavulina parisiensis. .....-.....-.-..--... 9

N

Neoconorbina crustata.Al, 13,15,17,19,21,24,25, 35, 36 

floridensis . 11, 13, 15,17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 35; pi. 4 

frustata- . . 11,13,15,17,19, 21, 22,23,35 

patelliformis. ... 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25,35,36 

rustica. 1,10,12,14,16,18,20, 22, 23,35,36; pi. 4 

terquemi..----------------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,35

neostriatula, Quinqueloculina.-..---------- 22,23,24

Nonion. ------------------------------------ 3,4

akitaense-....... 3, 11, 13,15,17,19, 21, 42; pi. 8

commune ................................. 42

pacificum.--......... ............... 3,

11, 13, 15, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 40, 42; pi. 8

Nonionella atlanticum.----------------------- 42

translucens.------------------------------ 43

Nuttallides umbonifera.. ____._.____.____-...-_ 38 

umboniferus........ 11, 13,15, 17,19, 21, 38; pi. 6

O

oblonga, Triloculina.--- 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,25 

obtusicosta,Vagtnulina- 11,13, 15, 17, 19, 21,30; pi. 11 

occidentalis, Angulogerina __.___...______._._._ 33

occlusa, Massilina.. ________-__-_----___-__-_-_ 27

Spiroloculina---- 3, 11,13,15,17,19, 21, 27; pi. 11

Oolina, globosa- ........-.-...--. 11,13,15,17,19,21, Si

orbicularis, Gyroidina........ 4,11,13,15,17,19, 21,35

Orbulina universa-------------------------- 24, 25,44

orientalis, Rosalina.----- 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,34

pacifica, Clavulina-.-------------------------- 9

Hauerina'-------.--------------------- 22,23,28

pacificum, Nonion--------------------------- 3,

11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,40,42; pi. 8 

Paleoecology...-----.---_-------------------- 5

Pararotalia ..._.....-.-...-_-...-.-._-..-----. 6

parisiensis multicamerata, Clavulina. .......... 9

parkeri, Quinqueloculina- 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,25 

Parrinabradyi..----------------------- 22,23,29

parva, Baggina.--... 3,5,11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25,37 

parvula, Cribrogoesella------------------------ 3,

6,7, 9, 11,13,15,17,19,21; pi. 1 

patelliformis, Neoconorbina-- ------------------ 3,

11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25, 35, 36 

Patellina advena .----..---.-.----..----.--...- 11,

13,15,17,19,21, 22,23,34; pi. 3

pauciloculatus, Cancris. 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,37; pi. 5 

Paumotua terebra.......----------------- 22,23,38

peneroplids..--.------------------ 10,12,14,16,18,20

Peneroplis planatus.----- 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23,29

protea ............--...--.-.----..-.------ 29

proteus --------- 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,29; pi. 11

perforate, Buccella. .___.-___-_-_-----.-_-_---_ 5,

11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25,37; pi. 6 

planatus, Peneroplis-.-.. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,29 

planissima samoaensis, Spiroloculina .......... 28

planorbis, Cornuspira-.-. 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,28 

Planorbulina acervalis--. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22, 23, 4! 

Planorbulinella larvata.------ 3,11,13,15,17,19,21, 41

Planorbulinoides retinaculata------------------ 41

retinaculatus--------- 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 41
INDEX E49

Page 

polygons, Quinqueloculina..................... E4,

11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,25; pi. 1 

Preparation of material.-------.-------.------ 2

procera, Hemicristellaria....................... 29

Marginulina....... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,59; pi. 1

protea, Peneroplis............................. 29

proteus, Peneroplis.... 4,11,13,15,17,19,21,29; pi. 11

Pseudononton.... ----------------------------- 3,4

atlanticum........... 11,13,15,17,19,21,42; pi. 9

grateloupi................................. 42

tredecum........... 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,42; pi. 9

pseudoungerianus, Cibicides.... 11,13,15,17,19,21, If)

pulchra, Epistominella_ _. 11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25, 38 

pvsillus, Eponides............................ 37

Pyrgo......................................... 3

denticulata........... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,28

Q

Quinqueloculina............................... 3

akneriana.......... 3,9,11,13,15,17,19,21; pi. 11

bradyana --------- 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,24

costata............. 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,24; pi. 1

distorqueata............................ 22,23,24

ferussaci.................................. 25

laevigata......... 4,11,13,15,17,19, 21,24, 29; pi. 1

neostriatula............................ 22,23,24

parfcen ----------- 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,25

polygona..... 4,11,13,15,17,19, 21, 22,23,25,- pi. 1

seminulum................. 11,13,15,17,19,21,25

sukata............... 10,12,14,16,18,20, 22,23,25

tubus...................... 10,12,14,16,18,20,25

E

raphana, Siphogenerina....................... 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23,55,34 

Reef hole.-----------------------------.------ 1,2

refulgens, Cibicides............. 10,12,14,16,18,20, 40

repandus, Eponides...... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,57

retinaculata, Planorbulinoides................. 41

retinaculatus, Planorbulinoides................ 10,

12,14,16,18,20, 22,23, 41 

Reussella..................................... 3

simplex....... 2,5,10, 12,14,16,18,20,22,23,55,40

rhomboidalis, Bolivina......................... 10,

12,14,16,18,20, 22,23, SI; pi. 2 

robertsonianus, Cibicides.................... 24,25, 41

Rosalina..................................... 3,4,38

concinna.................................. 35

globularis.......... 3,10,12,14,16,18,20, 22,23,54

micens......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,54; pi. 4

orientalis............. 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23,54

rugosa................................. 22,23,34

turgida.... 2,10,12,14,16,18,20,24,25, 34,55, pi. 4

Rotorbinella................................... 3

mira....... 3,4,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,56; pi. 5

sp........................................ 36

ruber, Globigerinoides.......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,45

rubrum, Homotrema..... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,42

rugosa, Rosalina........................... 22,23, 34

rugulosa, Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina)......... 8,

10,12,14,16,18,20 

rustica, Neoconorbina......................... 1,

10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,55, 36; pi. 4

Page 

sacculifer, Globigerinoides...................... E10,

12,14,16,18, 20,22, 23,45 

Sageninafrondescejis........................ 8,22,23

samoaensis, Spiroloculina..................... 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23,28 

Spiroloculina pianissimo.................. 28

sand, Austrotrillina................. 4,5,6,28; pi. 12

Sand Island hole-.....--.---..--...-.-.---.-. 1,4

seminulum, Quinqueloculina.................. 11,

13,15,17,19,21,25 

Sigmomorphina terquemiana.... 11,13,15,17,19,21, SO

simplex, Reussella............................ 2,

5,10,12,14,16,18,20,22, 23,55,40 

(Siphogaudryina) rugulosa, Gaudryina......... 8,

10,12,14,16,18,20 

siphonifera, Gaudryina.................... 8,

10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23 

Siphogenerina raphana........................ 10,

12,14,16,18,20,22,23,55,34 

siphonifera, Gaudryina (Siphogaudryina)-..... 8,

10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23 

Siphonina tubulosa...... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,57

Siphonodosaria sp_. -. -. 4,11,13,15,17,19,21, 54; pi. 3 

Spirillina decorata ....... 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22, 23,54

tuberculatolimbata.... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,54

tuberculato-limbata........................ 34

vieipara.............. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 34

densepunctata......................... 34

Spirolina arietina........ 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 22,23,29

Spiroloculina angulata... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,26 

caduca................................. 22,23,27

Clara................ 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,27

llrata.........-.-..- --.-.-.-..--- 27

communis. .............. 3,11,13,15,17,19,21,27

corrugata................................. 27

manifesto............................ 5,22,23,27

marshallana.............................. 27

mayori.. ------------------------------- 22, 23,27

occlusa--........ -3,11,13,15,17,19,21, 27, pi. 11

planissima samoaensis- - ------------------ 28

samoaensis... ....... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,28

striata, Austrotrillina.......................... 1,

3,4, 5,6,7,11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25,28; pi. 11 

Vertebralina ......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22, 23,28

striatula, Bolivina................... ...-._._ 4,

5,10,12,14, 16,18, 20, 22, 23, SI; pi. 2 

Vaginulina............................... 30

subornatus, Eponides..... 11,13,15,17,19,21,57; pi. 5

Quinqueloculina..... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,25

Systematic catalog_.____-______-_____---.__ 8

tentoria, Asterigerina.......................... 3,

5, 6,7,11,13,15,17,19, 21,24,25,59: pi. 7 

tenuistriata,Angulogerina........ 5, 24, 25, 33; pi. 3

tepida, Ammonia beccarii...................... 3,

5,11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,58 

terebra, Paumotua.......................... 22,23,58

terquemi, Neoconorbina......... 11,13,15,17,19,21,36

terquemiana, Sigmomorphina... 11,13,15,17,19,21,30 

Triloculina................ 10,12,14,16,18,

Page 

Textularia agglutinans.................... E8,22,23

foliacea ............... 8,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23

tortuosa, Bolivina. 10,12,14,16,18, 20, 24, 25, SI; pi. 2 

translucens, Alliatina .......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,43

Nonionella............................... 43

tredecum, Pseudononion....................... 3,

11,13,15,17,19. 21, 42; pi. 9

Tretomphalus concinnus . 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,55 

triangularis angulata, Gaudryina.............. 3,

8,11,13,15,17,19,21 

Trifarina bradyi.....ll, 13,15,17,19,21,22,23,55; pi. 3

Mgonula, Triloculina.... 11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,26

triloba, Globigerinoides........................ 43

altiapertura, Globigerinoides-------........ 43

trilobus, Globigerinoides. . 10,12,14,16,18,20,24,25,45

altiaperturus, Globigerinoides . 5, 7,24,25,45; pi. 9

trilocularis, Globigerina........................ 3,

5,11,13,15,17,19,21,24,25, 43; pi. 9 

Triloculina bicarinata.... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,26

bikiniensis..-.......................... 22,23,26

incisura................................ 22,23,26

involuta.............. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,26

irregularis........... 10,12,14,16,18,20, 22, 23,26

kerimbatica........... 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23,26

linneiana..................... ......... 22,23,26

oblonga.............. 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,26

terquemiana................ 10,12,14,16,18,20,26

Mgonula............. 11,13,15,17,19,21, 22,23. m

Tritaxilina hantkeni ............ 9,11,13,15,17,19,21

tuberculatolimbata, Spirillina.................. 10

12,14,16,18,20,22,23, 34 

tuberculato-limbata, Spirillina................. 34

tubulifera, Epistominella................... 24,25,38

tubulosa, Siphonina...... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,57'

tubus, Quinqueloculina......... 10,12,14,16,18,20,25

turbo, Discorbis............................... 36

turgida, Lamarckina.......................... 35

Rosalina.................................. 2,

10,12,14,16,18, 20, 24,25,34,55; pi. 4

U 

umbonifera, Nuttallides........................ 38

umboniferus, Nuttallides.. 11,13,15,17,19,21,58; pi. 6 

universa, Orbulina......................... 24,25,44

V

Vaginulina obtusicosta. 11,13,15, 17,19, 21, SO; pi. 11 

striatula.................................. 30

Valvulammina................................ 3

marshattana............................... 3,

4, 5,6,7,9,11,13,15,17,19, 21,24, 25; pl.10 

Valvulina davidiana..... 8, 9,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23

martii...... 3,4, 5,6, 7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,24, 25

variabilis, Cibicidella..... 11,13,15,17,19, 21,24, 25, 4!

Vertebralina striata-...... 10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,28

vertebralis, Marginopora....................... 2,

4,10,12,14,16,18,20,22,23,29 

vesicularis, Gypsina........................... 42

dimidiata, Discorbis-............ 5,22,23,36; pi. 4

discus, Gypsina........................... 41

Virgulina..................................... 3,4

complanata............................... 3,

4,11,13,15,17,19,21,22,23,52; pi. 3 

vivipara densepunctata, Spirillina.............. 34

Spirillina............ 10,12,14,16,18, 20,22,23, S4

PLATES 1-12
PLATE 1

FIGURE 1. Clavulina multicamerata Chapman (p. E9).

TJSNM 688096, X90; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 491-496 feet, top; a, side 

view; b, top view.

2. Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny (p. E9).

Specimen showing flattened apertural end, TJSNM 688160, X60; Miocene, 

Reef hole, 1,121.5 feet; a, side view; b, oblique top view.

3. Cribrogoesella parvula Todd and Low (p. E9).

USNM 688105, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 495-500 feet bottom.

4. Quinqueloculina polygona d'Orbigny (p. E25).

Moid, USNM 688109, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 512 feet; a, side view; b, top 

view.

5. Quinqueloculina costata d'Orbigny (p. E24).

USNM 688132, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,041.25 feet; a, side view; 

b, top view.

6. Marginulina procera (Stache) (p. E29).

USNM 688145, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,103.25 feet.

7. Astacolus sp. (p. E29).

USNM 688116, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 930 feet; a, side view; b, edge view.

8. Quinqueloculina laevigata d'Orbigny (p. E24).

Glauconitic mold, USNM 688165, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,186 feet; a, side 

view, b, top view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 1

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 2

FIGUBE 1. Lenticulina sp. (p. E29).

USNM 688133, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,041.25 feet.

2. Bolivina compacta Sidebottom (p. E31).

USNM 688137, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,045 feet; a, front view; b, top view.

3. Bolivina alazanensis Cushman (p. E31).

USNM 688146, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,104.25 feet; a, front view; 

6, top view.

4. Caucasina sp. (p. E30).

USNM 688136, X200; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,044.5 feet; a, side view; b, basal 

view.

5. Buliminella madagascariensis (d'Orbigny) (p. E30).

USNM 688127, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,005 feet.

6. Bolivina chinenensis LeRoy (p. E31).

USNM 688089, X 160; post-Miocene, Sand Island hole, 258.8 feet; a, front 

view; b, top view.

7. Bolivina striatula Cushman (p. E31).

USNM 688139, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,045 feet.

8. Bolivina fastigia Cushman (p. E31).

USNM 688138, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,045 feet.

9. Bolivina tortuosa Brady (p. E31).

USNM 688164, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,165 feet; a, front view; b, top 

view.

10. Bolivina (Laterostomella) gumbeliniformis (de Klasz and Rerat) (p. E32).

USNM 688090, X160; post-Miocene. Sand Island hole, 258.8 feet; a, front

view; b, top view. 

11, 12. Bolivina rhomboidalis (Millett) (p. E31).

11. USNM 688162, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,125 feet; a, front view; 

b, top view.

12. USNM 688147, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,104.25 feet; a, front view; 

b, top view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 2

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 3

FIGURE 1. Bolivinella folium (Parker and Jones) (p. E30).

USNM 688106, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 500 feet.

2. Angulogerina midwayensis Todd and Low, n. sp. (p. E33).

Holotype, USNM 688120, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 942 feet.

3. Angulogerina tenuistriata (Reuss) (p. E33).

USNM 688093, X 160; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 470 feet. 

4, 5. Bolivina (Loxostomum) limbata Brady (p. E32).

4. USNM 688115, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 796-801 feet, middle.

5. USNM 688128, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,005 feet.

6. Patellina advena Cushman (p. E34).

USNM 688142, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,053.5 feet.

7. Baggatella sp. (p. E30).

USNM 688117, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 930 feet; a, top view; 6, side view.

8. Trifarina aff. T. bradyi Cushman (p. E33).

USNM 688087, X 160; post-Miocene, Sand Island hole, 137 feet.

9. Discorbindla! sp. (p. E36).

USNM 688097, X90; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 491-496 feet middle; a, 

dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, edge view.

10. Siphonodosaria? sp. (p. E34).

USNM 688153, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,112 feet.

11. Virgulina complanata Egger (p. E32).

USNM 688126, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 982.5 feet.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 3

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 4

[o, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view]

FIGUEE 1. Rosalind micens (Cushman) (p. E34).

TJSNM 688094, X160; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 480 feet.

2. Discorbis vesicularis dimidiata (Parker and Jones) (p. E3.6).

TJSNM 688088, X90; post-Miocene, Sand Island hole, 242.5 feet.

3. Rosalina turgida (Dorreen) (p. E35).

TJSNM 688099, X90; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 498 feet. 

4, 6. Neoconorbina rustica Todd and Low, n. sp. (p. E35).

4. Paratype, TJSNM 688102, X90; post-Miocene. Reef hole, 222 feet.

6. Holotype, TJSNM 688104, X90; post-Miocene, Reef hole, 421-426.2 feet

bottom. 

5. Neoconorbina floridensis (Cushman) ( p. E35).

TJSNM 688122, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 945 feet.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 4

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 5

[a, Dorsal view: b. ventral view; c, edge view]

FIGURE 1. Eponides formosulus Todd and Low, n. sp. (p. E37).

Holotype, USNM 688121, X200; Miocene, Reef hole, 944 feet. 

2, 3. Rolorbinella mira (Cushman) (p. E36).

2. USNM 688156, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,118 feet.

3. USNM 688100, X90; post-Miocene, Reef hole, 103.5 feet.

4. Cancris pauciloculatus Cushman and McGlamery (p. E37). 

USNM 688125, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 970.5 feet.

5. Eponides subornatus (Cushman) (p. E37).

USNM 688143, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,075 feet.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 5

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 6

[a, Dorsal view; 6, ventral view; c, edge view]

FIGUBE 1. Buccella perforata Todd and Low (p. E37).

USNM 688095, X90; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 483.5 feet.

2. Glabratella! sp. (p. E38).

USNM 688114, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 568.5 feet.

3. Nuttallides umboniferus (Cushman) (p. E38).

USNM 688152, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,110.5 feet.

4. Glabratella sp. (p. E38).

USNM 688163, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,125 feet.

5. Heronallenia sp. (p. E38).

USNM 688159, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,120.5 feet.

6. Cibicidina sp. (p. E41).

USNM 688118, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 931 feet.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 6

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 7

[a, Dorsal view; b, ventral view; c, edge view]

FIGURE 1. Asterigerina tentoria Todd and Post (p. E39).

USNM 688141, X 90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,051.5 feet. 

2, 3. Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post (p. E39).

2. USNM 688129, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,005 feet.

3. USNM 688144, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,087.75 feet.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 7

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 8

FIGURE 1. Amphistegina bikiniensis Todd and Post (p. E39).

USNM 688157, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,118 feet; a, dorsal view; 6, ventral 

view.

2. Cycloloculina sp. (p. E41).

USNM 688149, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,108 feet.

3. Cymbaloporetta bradyi (Cushman) (p. E40).

USNM 688101, X60; post-Miocene, Reef hole, 213.5 feet; a, dorsal view; 

6, ventral view; e, edge view.

4. Nonion akitaense Asano (p. E42).

USNM 688135, X 160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,044 feet; a, side view; 6, edge 

view.

5. Anomalina gldbrata Cushman (p. E40).

USNM 688124, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 968 feet; a, dorsal view; b, ventral 

view; c, edge view.

6. Nonion pacificum (Cushman) (p. E42).

USNM 688123, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 968 feet; a, side view; b, edge view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 8

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 9

FIGURE 1. Pseudononion atlanticum (Cushman) (p. E42).

USNM 688140, X90; Miocene, Reef hole 1,045 feet; a, dorsal view; b, 

ventral view; c, edge view.

2. Florilus communis (d'Orbigny) (p. E42).

USNM 688148, X90, Miocene, Reef hole, 1,108 feet; a, side view; b, edge view.

3. Pseudononion aff. P. tredecum Asano (p. E42).

USNM 688134, X90; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,041.25 feet; a, side view; b, edge 

view.

4. Globigerina trilocularis d'Orbigny (p. E43).

USNM 688091, X 160; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 460 feet; a, dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, edge view.

5. Globigerinoides trilobus altiaperturus Bolli (p. E43).

USNM 688092, X160; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 460 feet; a, dorsal view; 

6, ventral view; c, edge view.

6. Astrononion sp. (p. E43).

USNM 688130, X160; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,005 feet; a, side view; b, edge 

view.

7. Globorotalia crassaformis (Galloway and Wissler) (p. E44).

USNM 688103, X160; post-Miocene, Reef hole, 317.5 feet; a, dorsal view; 

b, ventral view; c, edge view.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 9

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 10

[AH figures X 45]

FIGURES 1-8. Valvulammina marshallana Todd and Post (p. E9).

1. USNM 688111; Miocene, Reef hole, 568.5 feet; ventral view.

2. USNM 688151; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,109.3 feet; a, dorsal view; 6, ventral view.

3. USNM 688112; Miocene, Reef hole, 568.5 feet; dorsal view.

4. USNM 688150; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,109.3 feet; a, dorsal view; 6, ventral 

view showing empty chamber cavities.

5. USNM 688113; Miocene, Reef hole, 568.5 feet; dorsal view.

6. USNM 688110; Miocene, Reef hole, 568.5 feet; ventral view.

7. USNM 688107; Miocene, Reef hole, 500 feet; dorsal view.

8. USNM 688108; Miocene, Reef hole, 500 feet; ventral view with broken 

chamber showing calcite filling.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 10

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 11

[All figures X 45]

FIGURE 1. Peneroplis proteus d'Orbigny (p. E29).

Glauconitic mold, USNM 688166; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,186 feet; a, side view; 

b, edge view.

2. Quinqueloculina akneriana d'Orbigny (p. E29).

USNM 688131; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,041.25 feet; a, side view:; b, top view.

3. Spiroloculina occlusa (Cushman) (p. E27).

USNM 688119; Miocene, Reef hole, 939 feet; a, front view; b, edge view.

4. Clavulina angularis d'Orbigny (p. E9).

USNM 688155; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,118 feet; a, side view; b, top view.

5. Austrotrillina striata Todd and Post (p. E28).

USNM 688154; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,116 feet.

6. Gypsina discus Gors (p. E41).

USNM 688158; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,118 feet; a, side view; b, edge view.

7. Cibicides cicatricosus (Schwager) (p. E40).

USNM 688098; Miocene, Sand Island hole, 491-496 feet (middle); a, dorsal 

view; b, ventral view; c, edge view.

8. Vaginulina obtusicosta ten Dam and Reinhold (p. E30). 

USNM 688161; Miocene, Reef hole, 1,121.5 feet.
PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 11

SMALLER FORAMINIFERA FROM MIDWAY
PLATE 12

[All figures X 20]

FIGURE 1. Cut surface of post-Miocene rock at 375 feet in Sand Island hole, showing 

porous cemented agglomerate of organic debris consisting of Amphistegina, 

algae, and unidentified shell fragments. (See vertical sections of Amphistegina 

at a, a, and a.) (p. E4)

2. Cut surface of Miocene rock at 1,074 feet in Reef hole, showing porous agglomerate of organic debris consisting of algae, echinoid fragments, unidentified 

shell fragments, and rare Foraminifera. (See miliolid at a and rotaliform 

Foraminifera at b and fc.) (p. E4)

3. Cut surface of Miocene rock at 516 feet in Reef hole, showing limestone containing 

abundant miliolids. Occasional cavities in the limestone result from the 

solution of shells or incomplete cementation of the rock. (p. E3)

4. Cut surface of Miocene rock at 1,114 feet in Reef hole, showing porous cemented 

Austrotrillina sand. (p. E4)

5. Cut surface of Miocene rock at 627 feet in Reef hole, showing limestone containing 

indeterminate organic debris, mostly algal, (p. E3)

6. Broken surface of soft brown Miocene rock at 1,165 feet in Reef hole, showing 

light-colored specimens of Bolivina. (p. E4)
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 680-E PLATE 12

ROCKS FROM MIDWAY DRILL HOLES