UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 17-4131

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

QUANTAVIOUS THOMPSON, a/k/a Quan, a/k/a Kirkwood Quan,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at 

Raleigh. James C. Dever III, District Judge. (5:14-cr-00072-D-2)

Submitted: October 31, 2019 Decided: November 5, 2019

Before WILKINSON, AGEE, and THACKER, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed in part, vacated in part, and remanded by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Ruth A. Levy, WILLIAMS MULLEN, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant. Jennifer 

P. May-Parker, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES 

ATTORNEY, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.
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PER CURIAM:

Quantavious Thompson pled guilty, pursuant to a written plea agreement, to 

kidnapping and conspiracy to commit kidnapping, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 2, 1201(a), 

(c) (2012), and brandishing a firearm in relation to a crime of violence, in violation of 18 

U.S.C. §§ 2, 924(c)(1)(A) (2012). The district court sentenced Thompson to 504 months’ 

imprisonment on the kidnapping counts and 84 months, to run concurrently, on the firearm 

count.

1

Thompson’s counsel has filed a brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 

(1967), stating that there are no meritorious grounds for appeal but questioning whether 

the district court sufficiently complied with Fed. R. Crim. P. 11 in accepting Thompson’s 

guilty plea and whether Thompson’s sentence is procedurally and substantively reasonable. 

Although notified of his right to file a supplemental pro se brief, Thompson has not done 

so. After conducting our Anders review, we have identified an additional question: whether 

Thompson’s § 924(c) conviction is infirm in light of our decision in United States v. 

Walker, 934 F.3d 375 (4th Cir. 2019). We vacate in part, affirm in part, and remand to the 

district court.

 1 Section 924(c) mandates that “no term of imprisonment imposed on a person under 

[§ 924(c)] shall run concurrently with any other term of imprisonment imposed on the 

person, including any term of imprisonment imposed for the crime of violence . . . during 

which the firearm was used, carried, or possessed.” 18 U.S.C.A. § 924(c)(1)(D)(ii) (West 

2015 & Supp. 2019); see United States v. Bran, 776 F.3d 276, 281 (4th Cir. 2015) 

(acknowledging “consecutive sentence mandate of § 924(c)”).
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I

Because Thompson did not challenge the validity of his § 924(c) conviction in the 

district court, our review is for plain error. United States v. Harris, 890 F.3d 480, 490 (4th 

Cir. 2018). “Under the plain error standard, [we] will correct an unpreserved error if (1) an 

error was made; (2) the error is plain; (3) the error affects substantial rights; and (4) the 

error seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” 

Id. at 491 (internal quotation marks omitted). “An error is plain if[, at the time of appellate 

consideration,] the settled law of the Supreme Court or this circuit establishes that an error 

has occurred.” United States v. Carthorne, 726 F.3d 503, 516 (4th Cir. 2013) (internal 

quotation marks omitted).

Under 18 U.S.C. § 924(c), it is a separate offense for a person to use or carry a 

firearm “during and in relation to any crime of violence.” A “crime of violence” is a felony 

that:

(A) has as an element the use, attempted use, or threatened use of physical 

force against the person or property of another [(the “force clause”)], or

(B) that by its nature, involves a substantial risk that physical force against 

the person or property of another may be used in the course of committing 

the offense [(the now-invalidated “residual clause”)].

18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(3). The crimes of violence underlying Thompson’s § 924(c) conviction 

were conspiracy to commit kidnapping and kidnapping.

The Supreme Court recently held that the residual clause in § 924(c)(3)(B) is 

unconstitutionally vague. United States v. Davis, 139 S. Ct. 2319, 2323-24, 2336 (2019); 

accord United States v. Simms, 914 F.3d 229, 236-37 (4th Cir. 2019) (en banc), cert. 
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denied, No. 18-1338, 2019 WL 4923463 (U.S. Oct. 7, 2019). We then held that “because 

both requirements of 18 U.S.C. § 1201(a) may be committed without violence, kidnapping 

clearly does not categorically qualify as a crime of violence under the force clause, 

§ 924(c)(3)(A).” Walker, 934 F.3d at 379. We therefore conclude that kidnapping cannot 

serve as a predicate for Thompson’s § 924(c) conviction. Accordingly, the district court 

committed error that is plain in entering judgment on this count.2

 We further hold that this 

plain error affected Thompson’s substantial rights and “seriously affects the fairness, 

integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Harris, 890 F.3d at 491 (internal 

quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, we vacate the § 924(c) conviction and sentence.

II

Counsel questions whether the district court’s plea colloquy satisfied the 

requirements of Rule 11. Because Thompson did not move to withdraw his guilty plea or 

otherwise object to the plea hearing in the district court, our review is for plain error. 

United States v. Sanya, 774 F.3d 812, 815 (4th Cir. 2014). In the guilty plea context, a 

defendant establishes that an error affected his substantial rights by demonstrating “a 

reasonable probability that, but for the error, he would not have entered the plea.” United 

States v. Davila, 569 U.S. 597, 608 (2013) (internal quotation marks omitted).

When accepting a guilty plea, the court must conduct a plea colloquy in which it 

informs the defendant of, and ensures that the defendant understands, the rights he is 

 2 We note that the district court did not have the benefit of Walker when it accepted 

Thompson’s plea.
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relinquishing by pleading guilty, the nature of the charges to which he is pleading, and the 

possible consequences of pleading guilty. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(1); United States v. 

DeFusco, 949 F.2d 114, 116 (4th Cir. 1991). The court also must ensure that the plea is 

voluntary and not the result of threats, force, or promises extrinsic to the plea agreement 

and that a factual basis exists for the plea. Fed. R. Crim. P. 11(b)(2), (3). “[A] properly 

conducted Rule 11 plea colloquy raises a strong presumption that the plea is final and 

binding.” Walker, 934 F.3d at 377 n.1 (internal quotation marks omitted); see Blackledge 

v. Allison, 431 U.S. 63, 74 (1977) (“Solemn declarations in open court carry a strong 

presumption of verity.”).

The district court substantially complied with Rule 11 in accepting Thompson’s 

guilty plea, neglecting only to inform Thompson of his right to compel the attendance of 

witnesses at trial, but we conclude that the court’s minor omission did not affect 

Thompson’s substantial rights. Moreover, the court properly found that Thompson 

knowingly and voluntarily entered his plea, which was supported by an adequate factual 

basis. Accordingly, Thompson has not rebutted the “presumption of truthfulness” accorded 

his “solemn declaration of guilt.” United States v. Moussaoui, 591 F.3d 263, 278 (4th Cir. 

2010). We therefore affirm his convictions for conspiracy to commit kidnapping and 

kidnapping.

III

Counsel next questions whether Thompson’s sentence is procedurally and 

substantively reasonable. We review a criminal sentence—“whether inside, just outside, 

or significantly outside the Guidelines range—under a deferential abuse-of-discretion 
6

standard.” Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 41 (2007). We “first ensure that the district 

court committed no significant procedural error, such as failing to calculate (or improperly 

calculating) the Guidelines range, . . . failing to consider the [18 U.S.C.] § 3553(a) [(2012)] 

factors, . . . or failing to adequately explain the chosen sentence—including an explanation 

for any deviation from the Guidelines range.” Id. at 51; see 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). If there 

is no significant procedural error, then we consider the sentence’s substantive 

reasonableness. Gall, 552 U.S. at 51. “Any sentence that is within or below a properly 

calculated Guidelines range is presumptively reasonable.” United States v. White, 810 F.3d 

212, 230 (4th Cir. 2016) (internal quotation marks omitted).

Having carefully reviewed the record, we conclude that the district court properly 

calculated the advisory Sentencing Guidelines range, gave the parties the opportunity to 

argue for an appropriate sentence, and sufficiently addressed Thompson’s mitigation 

arguments and explained the chosen sentence. Although counsel suggests that the district 

court failed to account for Thompson’s immaturity in fashioning the sentence, we conclude 

that the court’s explanation acknowledged the argument but found it unpersuasive. 

Because Thompson has failed to rebut the presumption of reasonableness afforded his 

sentence, see White, 810 F.3d at 230, the district court did not abuse its discretion in

imposing Thompson’s sentence on the kidnapping counts.

IV

In accordance with Anders, we have reviewed the entire record in this case and have 

found no other meritorious grounds for appeal. We therefore vacate Thompson’s § 924(c) 

conviction and sentence, affirm Thompson’s convictions and sentence on the kidnapping 
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counts, and remand for entry of an amended judgment consistent with this opinion. This

court requires that counsel inform Thompson, in writing, of the right to petition the 

Supreme Court of the United States for further review. If Thompson requests that a petition 

be filed, but counsel believes that such a petition would be frivolous, then counsel may 

move in this court for leave to withdraw from representation. Counsel’s motion must state 

that a copy thereof was served on Thompson.

We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are 

adequately presented in the materials before this court and argument would not aid the 

decisional process.

AFFIRMED IN PART, VACATED IN PART, AND REMANDED