~ ~~"l\RY COPv ·. ;; ~ \r' 1 -.l..i 

Tertiary J?lants from the 

Cook Inlet Region, Alaska 

GEOLOGICAL SUR.VEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B 

M--riOPERTY OF: 

:~HREAU OF MINES 
Tertiary Plants from the 

Cook Inlet Region, Alaska 

By JACK. A. WOLFE 

T'ER1~IARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF 'THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B 

Discussion of floristic significance and 

systematics of some fossil plants from 

the Chickaloon, Kenai, and 

I'sadaka Formations 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1966 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

STEWART L. UDALL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 55 cents (paper cover) 
CONTENTS 

Page 

Abstract __________________________________________ _ B1 Systematics ________ --------- ______________________ _ 

Introduction ______________________________________ _ 1 Chickaloon flora _______________________________ _ 

Floristic :1ncl ecologic interpretation __________________ _ 2 Kenai flora ____________________________________ _ 

Chick:1loon flora ____ .: __________________________ _ 2 Salicaceae _________________________________ _ 

Pnrtinllist of flora of the Chickaloon Formation_ 2 J uglandaceae ______________________________ _ 

Kenai flora ____________________________________ _ 3 Betulaceae ________________________________ _ 

Lower Kenai (Seldovian) flora _______________ _ 3 Menispermaceae ___________________________ _ 

Systema.tic list of the Seldovia. Point flora __ 3 Rosaceae _____________ .: ___________________ _ 

Middle Kenai (Homeri::m) flora. ______________ _ 5 Leguminosae ______________________________ _ 

Systematic list of the Homerian flora from Aceraceae _________________________________ _ 

the Chuitna River_ __________________ _ 5 Cornaceae ________________________________ _ 

Systematic list of flora of the type Homerian_ 6 Ericaceae _________________________________ _ 

Upper Kenai (Clamgulchian) flora ___________ _ 7 Fossil-plant localities _______________________________ _ 

Systematic list of the type Clamgulchian References cited ___________________________________ _ flora _______________________________ _ 7 Index ____________________________________________ _ 

ILLUS~l'l~ATIONS 

Pr.An~s l, 2. JTlora of the Chickaloon Formation. 

3-8. Flora of tho Kenai Formation. 

[Plates follow index] 

Page 

B8 

8 

12 

12 

15 

15 

24 

24 

24 

25 

25 

25 

26 

27 

29 

Page 

FIGun.I~ 1. Dmwing showing ultimate venation of leaves of the. "Cercidiphyllum arcticum" type________________________ B10 

2-12. Venation of2. Alnus largei_ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ ___ _ __ ___ __ _ _ ______ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ ___ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ _ ___ __ ___ __ _ __ _ ____ 16 

3. Alnusfairi________________________________________________________________________________ 17 

4. Alnus healyensis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 17 

5. Alnus e~dens______________________________________________________________________________ 18 

6. Ah1us cappsL------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 

7. Alnus corylina und A. incana _ .! _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 19 

8. Alnus barnesi______________________________________________________________________________ 20 

9. Ah1us adu?nbrata___________________________________________________________________________ 21 

10. Alnus schmidtae and A. c?·ispa_______________________________________________________________ 21 

1.1. Carpinus _________________________________________________ ---______________________________ 22 

12. Corylus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 23 

III 
TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY OF THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

TERTIARY PLANTS FROM THE COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

by JACK A. wOLFE 

ABSTRACT 

Taxonomic relations of some plants from the Paleocene Ghickaloou }!'ormation nnd the Neogeue Tsadnlm and Kenai For.nultions nre considerf."Cl. Sixtl>en new 'Sipecies f·rom the Kenai 

l!'ormatiou at·e described, and the greatest emphasis is on 

members of ·Salicacene and Betulaceae. 

~l'he flora of the Kenai Formation may be divided into three 

la-rge stratigraphic floral types. '1~he oldest, the Seldovian flora 

of probable early and middle Miocene age, is an assemblage 

dominated by deciduous woody dicotyledons that are members 

of genera now characteristic of warm-temperate eastern Asia 

nnd eastern North America. Charaeteristic Seldovian families 

nre Salicaceae, Juglandnceae, Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Ulmaceae, 

and Aceraceae. The middle flora, the Homerian of probable late 

Miocene age, is a cool-temperate assemblage dominated by 

species of Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and Ericaceae. 

Most of the relict warm-temperate genera present in the 

Homerian are absent in the upper flora, the Clamgulchian, which 

is thought to be of Pliocene age. 

Considered in the ft·amework O>f ;the floristic succession in 

Alasl\:11, the concept of the Arcto-'1~ertiary geoflora does not appenr to be vnlicl. 

INTRODUCTION 

The Alaskan tertia,ry floras ha,ve held the interest 

and speculakion of North American Tertiary paleobotanists :for many decades, but since the first description 

of some Alaskan plants by Heer (1869), only one large 

paper (I:Iollick, 19:36) has been published. 

In recent years it has become incren.singly clear that 

the floral record in the Tertiary rocks of Alaska is fully 

ns complex as that of any other region in the Northern 

:Hemisphere and that not even the broad outlines of 

Alaskan floristic history have been satisfactorily determined. The speculations on 1nigration of floras and 

geofloras ·have served only to confuse the paleobotany of 

Alaska. ''r e now have numerous, though small, plant collections from rocks da.ted by marine invertebrates, as well 

as :t fn.r better understanding of the local stratigraphic 

sequences than even 10 years ago. In particular, the 

c·onsiderable geologic mapping and ·the large number of 

:fossil-plant localities in the Cook Inlet-Susitna Lowland and upper Matanuska Valley allow s1

tatements on 

the floristic relationships and succession. 

As yet, the Paleocene flora of the Chickaloon Formation has not been thoroughly studied, and only a GOmparatively few forms have been determined. Many of 

the Chickaloon localities have produced a wellpreserved a.nd diverse flora. The difficulties inherell't 

in working \Yith Paleocene floras, however, and the time 

availruble for study make any detailed statements on the 

stratigraphic succession and floristic rehitionshi ps of 

the Chickaloon fl·ora largely speculative. Hence, only a 

few Chickaloon species are discussed and figured. 

In contrast, the species of the Neogene J(enai flora 

(including the flora of the Tsadaka Formation) can 

readily be assigned to extant genera, and the considerable amount of published work on Neogene floras at 

middle la!titudes on either side of the North Pacific 

allows a better understanding of the stratigraphic and 

floristic significance of the J(enai flora. The basic 

similarity between the upper J(enai and· the extant 

Alaskan flora indicates that a continuing detailed study 

of the J(enai flora will lead to a better understanding 

of the Recent flora. 

The stratigraphic occurrences and locality data were 

given in the preceding report (''Volfe, Hopkins, and 

Leopold, 1966). All species discussed in the systematic 

section are of stratigraphic significance and support 

the conclusions presented in the preceding paper. 

This study has been greatly facilitated by the assistance of F. F. Barnes, D. M. Hopkins, and .R. A. M. 

Schmidt, of the U.S. Geological Survey.· Dr. H. D. 

MacGinitie, of the ~1useum of Paleontology, University of California (Berkeley), has freely given of his 

time and experience in the discussion of floristic 

problems. 

Study of Heer'::-1 Alaskan and other specimens described in "Flora fossilis arctica" (Heer, 1869) was 

made possible by a grant (GB--406) from the National 

Science Foundation. Colleagues at the Naturhistoriska 

Riksmuseet (Stockholm), the Mineralogical Museum 

Bl 
B2 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

of the lJni versi ty of Copenhagen, the G-ry>nlands 

Ueologiske Unders0gelse, and the British lVIuseum 

(Na,tural I-:Iistory) were very helpful in making these 

spccim.ens available for study. 

Thanks are also due to Prof. ,V. L. Fry, of the 

:Museum of Paleontology, University of California 

(Berkeley), and Dr. Hans Tralau, of the N aturhistoriska Riksmuseet (Stockholm), for the loan of 

type specimens. 

FLORISTIC AND ECOLOGIC INTERPRETATION 

CHICKALOON FLORA 

As previously stated, the taxonomic relations of most 

of the Chickaloon species are largely problematical. 

Paleocene leaf floras have, as reflected in the unqueried 

generic references of their species, a deceptively modern 

aspect. That this a.pparent modernity is fa..lse is well 

demonstrated by the extensive work on the Paleocene 

and early Eocene floras of England (Reid and Chandler, 1933; Chandler, 1961, 1962, 1964). This work has 

shown that, on the basis of fructifications, most earlier 

Tertiary plants should not be assjgned to extant genera. 

The work of Reid and Chandler is in a sense an indictment of the superficial techniques most often used in 

the study of leaf floras. Although it might be argued 

that the foliage is a more conservative organ than the 

fructification, the evidence from pollen, which is certainly more conservative than either leaf or frurt, supports the work of Reid and Chandler. Although many 

extant genera of angiosperms have valid occurrences 

in the Paleocene, many others that have been determined on the basis of leaves do not. The superficial 

similarities between foliage of unrelated angiosperms 

has led many times to incorrect generic references. 

Several of the Chickaloon species have been previously assigned, most of them incorrectly, I think, to 

extant genen1-. In this report, if the species appears 

to belong to ~1, rela;ted but probably new genus, the old 

generic name has been enclosed in quotation marks; in 

other cases-those in which the famiJial assignment is 

~uestionable-the species has been reassigned to 

DicotyloJJhyllU?n. Some of the Chickaloon species do 

represent extant genera but on the basis of foliar characters, most of the species in the flora apparently represent extinct genera. The following list is not complete. 

lVfany of the Chiekaloon species are new, but their 

familial affinities are unknown. Of the following 24 

angiosperms, only 8 are referred to extant genera. 

The proportion of extinct to eX'tant genera 'vould be 

even higher were an the Chickaloon flora, as known in 

n1f~ present collections, described. 

PARTIAL LIST OF FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON 

FORMATION 

Filicinae 

Anern,ia elougata (Newb.) Know I. 

Dennstaedt-ia .americana Knowl. 

HymerWJJhyllnrn confnsum Lesq. 

Onoclea hesperia R. ·w. Br. 

Osrnnnda macrophylla Penh. 

Gymnospermae 

Glyptostrobu,s nordenslC'ioldi (Heer) R. "r· Br. 

J1l eta8equoia occidentalis ( Newb.) Chan. 

G'inkgo biloba L. 

Angiospermae 

A.lisrnaphylutes rrrandifoliu,s (Penh.) R. W. Br. 

Sa~balites sp. 

Carya antiqu01~a Newb. 

Pter·ocarya sp. 

Comptonia sp. 

Corylites toster·i (Ward) Bell 

Quercophyllum~ !J'roenland'iCni:J ( Heer) Koch 

"Planera" m'icrophylla Newb. 

Coccnlus flabella (Newb.) 'Volfe 

Trochodendroides serrulata ( 'Vard) 'Volfe 

Hamamelites,iinaeqttal!is (Newb.) R. ,V. Hr. 

S'ino1,vilsoni,a sp. 

J~;J acara;nqa sp. 

!If acaranga sp. 

"Pterosperrnites" sp. cf. "P." dentatus Heer 

JJ1 elanolepis sp. 

"Sapindtts" affinis Newb. 

Acer sp. 

Decostea sp. 

Grewiopsis awricnlaccor·(lattts (Holl.) Wolfe 

Dicotylophyllwm ala,ska;nurn ( Holl.) Wolfe 

Dicotylophyllttm jlc{J;u,osa (Newb.) Wolfe 

D'icotylphyllttrn r,icll.ardsoni ( Heer) Wolfe 

"Piper" chapini Holl. 

In the light of the preceding list, floristic implications 

of the Chickaloon flora are difficult to a~1alyze. This 

flora has no apparent floristic ties with the Campanian 

flora of the Chignik Formation (Hollick, 1930) or 

with nny other known Campanian or Maestrichtian 

floras. Some floras from eastern Siberia do resemble 

the Chickaloon; although these floras were once assigned a Late Cretaceous age, more recent work indicates that they are Paleocene. The rather notable uniformity between the Siberian, Chickaloon, Fort Union, 

and Upper Atanikerdluk floras makes even more puzzling the floristic relationships between the Paleocene 

and floras of other ages. Until considerably more is 

known of the phylogenetic relationships of Paleocene 

plants, further discussion of floristics of this epoch wiH 

be uninformative. 

The climatic inferences of the Chickaloon and other 

Alaskan Paleocene floras are, at least in general terms, 

clear. In the I-Iamilton Bay flora on l{upreanof 

Island (lat 57° N.) are abundant cycads, palms, La.uraceae, and Dilleniaceae. The abundance of the first two 

groups IS particularly significant because both 
PLANTS 

are generally restricted to areas of frost-free climate. 

Although cycads have not been recorded from the 

Chickaloon flora, there are palms. The dicotyledon 

flora is somewhat contradictory, although it should be 

110t"ed that today the predominately warm-temperate 

Ca,rya, Ptm·ocarya, and Ace1· all have species living in 

subtropicnJ. climates. The diversity of woody Euphorbiaceae .is perhaps of greater significance, for 11/acantn,qa and JJ.1 elcvnolepi.s are today tropical and 

subtropical genera. As the following discussion indicates, the presence of a few "warm temperate" genera 

in floras that might otherwise be considered tropical 

or subtropical is characteristic of nearly all Paleogene 

fl.oras. The general climate indicated by the Chickaloon and J(upreanof floras is at least subtropical; that 

.is, a lack of :frost is indicated. 

KENAI FLORA 

LOWEn. KENAI (SELDOVIAN) FLORA 

Most of the Alaskan plants described by Heer ( 1869) 

came from locality ·9856 1 which he called Sinus 

Anglorum or Englischen Bucht; actually this locality 

:is on Coal Cove of Port Graham rather than on English 

Bay. Plants from this and three other nearby localities constitute the Seldovia Point flora of Wolfe, 

I-Iopkins, and Leopold (1966), which is considei·ed to 

be of early or middle Th1iocene age. The Seldovian flora 

i~ the one of most common occurrence in the J(e.nai 

fl.ora, and has been recognized at 27 localities in the 

l(enai and Tsadaka Formations. 

Thus far, 75 specific entities have been recognized 

in the Seldovian flora, and 51 of these occur in the following listed Seldovia Point flora. The Seldovia 

Point flora has been more extensively collected 'than 

other floras of this age in the J(enai Formation, and 

this is, at least in part, responsible for the comparative 

richness. I-Iowe\rer, the topographic diversity of the· 

Seldovia area during the early Th1iocene was a.lso probn,bly a factor; the beds near Seldovia apparently represent, in part, channel deposits at or near the edge of 

the J(enai basin. l-Ienee, the Seldovia Point flora probably contains many elements that grew on well-drained 

slopes, an environment uncommon or lacking in the 

major areas of deposition of the J(enai Formation. 

The thick coal beds in the type section of the Seldovian 

in the lower J(enai near Capps Glacier indicate that 

swampy conditions often prevailed in the basin itself. 

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE SELDOVIA POINT FLORA 

Trncheophyta 

Sphenopsida 

Equisetales 

Equisetaceae 

.lllquiisetum sp. 

1 All locnllty numbers given nrc in the U.S. Geol. Survey Paleobotany 

Set·. 

Tracheophyta-Con tinned 

Pteropsida 

Filicinae 

Filicales 

Polypodiaceae 

Dryopter,is sp. 

Onoclea sensi,bUis L. 

Gymnospermae 

Ginkgoales 

Ginkgoaceae 

G,inkgo biloba L. 

Coniferales 

Taxodiaceae 

Glytostrob1ts eu1·opae1ts ( Brong.) Heer 

Metaseq1wia glyptostroboides Hu and Cheng 

Taxod'i1tm (1,-ilstichu.m Rich. 

Angiospermae 

Monocotyledonae 

Helobiae 

Naiadaceae 

Potamogeton sp. 

Liliaceae 

SmUax sp. 

Glumiflorae 

Gramineae 

Poacites tenuistriatu,s Heer 

Cyperaceae 

Cyperacites sp. 

Dicoty ledonae 

Salicales 

Salicaceae 

Popul1ts lwna,ia,na '\Volfe 

Popttlu,s reniforrnis Tan. and Suz. 

Populus sp. aff. P. ciUata Wall. 

Sal,ix 'inq1t·irend.a Knowl. 

Sal,ix pic1·oilles (Heer) ·wolfe 

Salix sp. 

.Jug landale's 

Juglandaceae 

Cn1·ya be1uUrei (Lesq.) Chan. and Axelr. 

Cm·ya tS'P. aff. C. sessUis MacG. 

Pteroca1·ya, 1nixta ( Knowl.) R. '"· Br. 

Ptcrocm·ya n:igella (Heer) '\Volfe 

Pterocarya, ( Cyclo1Jtera) sp. 

Fag ales 

Betulaceae 

Almts capps,i ( Holl.) "rolfe 

Alnus healyensis 'Volfe 

Alnus tairi (Know!.) Wolfe 

CartJ'inns seldoviana 'Volfe 

Fagaceae 

Fagns ant-ipofi Abich 

Ji'ag,us sp. cf. Ji'. paleoC?·C'Iwta, Tan. 

QnerC1t,s b1·etzi Chan. 

Q1W1'Ctts tnrnhjclm'i Heer 

Urticales 

Ulmaceae 

Ulmus lo,ngifoUa Ung. 

Ulmus newbe,rryi Knowl. 

Zellcovn orego1dana, ( Knowl.) R. ,V. Br . 

Ranales 

Nymphaeaceae 

Nu,phar sp. 

B3 
B4 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Tracheophyta-Continued 

Pterops-icla~Continued 

Angiospermae-Con tin ued 

Dicoty ledonae--Con tin ued 

Ranales-Continued 

Cercidiphy llaceae 

Cerpid!iphyllum crenatumt ( Ung.) R. · '"· Br. 

Menispermaceae 

Coccttlns atwimt.lata (Heer) Wolfe 

Rosales 

Saxifragaceae 

Hy(lrangea sp. 

Hamamelidaceae 

Liqu.irlantbar miotormosana Tan. 

Platanaceae 

PlatamtS bendirei (Lesq.) Wolfe 

Rosaceae 

Crataeg1.ts sp. 

Pntntts sp. 

Spiraea? andersoni Heer 

Geraniales 

Euphorbiaceae 

Alchornea? sp. 

llf allottts sp. 

·Sa pin dales 

Aceraceae 

Acer ezoanum Oi·shi and Huz. 

Acer fatisiaefolia Huz. 

Acer macropterttm Heer 

Acer sp. aff. A. cra·taegifolium S. and Z. 

Acer sp. cf. A. subpictmn S·ap. 

Rhamnales 

Yitaceae 

Yit'is sp. 

Mal vales 

Tiliaceae 

Tilia sp. 

Myrtifl.orae 

Nyssaceae 

Nyssa sp. cf. N. knowltoni Berry 

Onagraceae 

Hemitrapa borealis (Heer) Miki 

Umbellifl.orae 

Araliaceae 

J(alopanax sp. 

Oontor.tae 

Oleaceae 

Fraxinus sp. 

Rubiales 

Oaprifoliaceae 

Symphoricarpos sp. 

The Seldovia Point :flora is a warm-temperate assemblage, as indicated by the numerical and taxonomic 

dominance of Taxodia·ceae, Salicaceae, tTuglandaceae, 

Fagaceae, 1Jlmaceae~ and Aceraceae. Temperate floras 

with diversity in these families are today restricted to 

east-central Asia and southeastern North America. 

The ~1iocene floras of both Japan ( Tanai, 1961) and 

the Northwestern United States (Chaney in Chaney 

and Axelrod, 1959) are this type of flora, and indeed 

the early Miocene floras of the Northwest, Alaska, and 

Japan are so similar, on both the generic and specific 

levels, that they should be considered as parts of one 

floristic province. Floras of the Northwest and Japan 

do not have many species in common, but the Seldovian 

flora has many species common to both of these other 

two floras. 

There are some differences between the Seldovian 

flora and its contemporaneous floras at more southern 

latitudes. Tanai's Aniai-type flora contains several 

(although not numerically dominant) genera of tropical and very warm temperate climates such as Litsea, 

Lindera, and Alangi1.tm. Similarly, the Collawash 

flora in Oregon contains Litsea, Lindera, and Exb'lwklandia. Of course these elements may yet be found in 

the Seldovian flora; a Seldovian locality in the Alaska 

Range coal-bearing forma;tion contains involucres of 

the tropical to subtropical genus Engelhardia. There 

is no definite evidence tha.t the Seldovian flora lived in 

a markedly cooler climate than prevailed in the early 

Miocene of Oregon or Japan. 

Where did this uniform flora come from~ This type 

of flora at middle latitudes was readily explained by 

the adherents to the Arcto-Tertiary theory : the flora 

was virtually the high -latitude early Tertiary flora that 

had migrated south. The fos6il floras at middle lati-

·tudes have been interpreted to support this. Certainly 

it is true that these Arcto-Tertiary (deciduous temperate) elements occur in and first dominate middlelatitude floras of middle or late Oligocene age; equally 

certainly, similar flora.B are not found in the Paleocene 

and Eocene rocks at middle latitudes. Consequently, 

if one thinks that communities are long enduring, this 

type of flora must have originated somewhere else, and 

where else but in the north ~ In fact, similar floras were 

known in areas such as Alaska, and it was assumed that 

these floras must be Eocene or Paleocene. Therefore, 

after Gardner (in Gardner and Ettingshausen, 1879) 

first advanced the Aroto-Tertiary concept, all the Alaskan Tertiary floras were either Paleocene or Eocene; it 

apparently never seemed anomalous to any paleobotanist 

that the fossil plant record of ·a;bout the last 40 million 

years was entirely lacking in Alaska. 

Gradua1ly, as more fossil plants have been collected 

from rocks dated independently on the basis of marine 

invertebrates, the Alaskan floristic record has become 

clearer. Although no independent date is available on 

the Chickaloon flora, the similarity to the Paleocene 

floras both farther north (Upper Atanikerdluk, Greenland) and south (Fort Union) is strong evidence that 

the Chickaloon is Paleocene. The general aspect of 

the Chiekaloon flora is so greatly dissimilar to the overlying Seldovian flora that it is evident that, as a floristic type~ the Se1dovian flora did not exist in the Kenai 
PLANTS B5 

region during the Paleocene. The nearest well-dated 

Eocene f-loras are those of middle and late Eocene age 

a.t the head of the Gulf of Alaska. These floras conta.i n abundant Lygodiu/Jn, Sabalites, A1·tocarpoides, 

Fimu:;, Ocotea, and jJfic'l'Ocos. Clearly, this is not a 

Seldov·inn type of flora-rather these Eocene floras look 

very much like those in the Eocene at middle latitudes. 

The ea.rly Oligocene f-loras of Alaska, are very poorly 

known, although the few genera determined include 

A 1'tocarzwide8 and jJf accl?~ntoclcia. This indica·tes a 

continuation of the early Tertiary subtropical flora. 

On Sitkinn.k Islanq and in the Gulf of Alaska coastal 

section, the oldest floras that have a preponderance of 

the broad-leaved deciduous element are of middle to 

late 01 igocene age. These floras are represented by 

small collections, but because both the Sitkinak Island 

and Gulf of Alaska f-loras are well dated on the basis 

of marine megafossil invertebrates, these small collections are of considerable significance. The forms determined are: jJf etaseq'Ltaia glyzJtostroboides; Alnus sp., 

c£. A. alaslcana,; Oa1'7Jinus sp., aff. 0. cappsensis; and 

Om·cidizJhyll'LtJ'ln C'l'enat'l.tJ'ln. The only difference between 

this type of f-lora and the Seldovian is the inclusion 

in the former of dist-.inct and probably ancestral species 

of Betulaceae. 

It was also in the middle and la,te Oligocene of Asia 

n.nd Northwestern United States that the jJf etasequoiaAln'l.ts-OairJJinus-Oe?'cid,izJhyllu,m, association first became dorninant, although in these areas, Betulaceae are 

represented by different species. Thus, no evidence 

supports the hypothesis that a warm-temperate deciduous flora was present at high latitudes at any signifienntJy en.rlier time than the same type of flora was 

present at middle latitudes. Although it could be 

argued thnt thP. Seldovian type of flora originated still 

fa.Hher north than the Cook In let basin (lat 59°-

n20 N.) or farther north than the floras of Seldovian 

age in the Alnska Hnnge (ln.t ()4° N.), such arguments 

have no factual support. 

Our knowledge of Tertiary pla.nts should he reexamined for a.lterna;tive concepts to the Arcto-Tertiary 

theory. Is it reasonable, in fact, to expect the Seldovian 

type of flora to have existed in the Paleocene and 

Eocene? l\1ason (1947) n,nd l\1acGinitie (1962) think 

not, n.nd I agree with them. For example, such typical 

Arcto-Tertiary genera as Glyptostrob'tbS, jJf etasequoia, 

G£nl.~go, Oa1rya, Pte-roca·rya, Alnus, Fa{J'LbS, Ulm'l.ts, Oercidi.JJhyllwm, Liquidamba1·, Acm·, Vitis, Nyssa, and 

F'ra.m£n'Ut8 are often found (sometimes abundantly) in 

basically tropical PnJeogene fioTas at middle la,titudes. 

'I'hus, the question previously asked, "where did this 

uniform fi·ora come from~" .is the wrong question. 

Each of the species and phylads probably became a part 

of the association at different times, in different proportions, and in different areas. In other words, the association or community .must be continually redefined in 

terms ·of its constituents at any particular place or point 

in time because the association is continually changing. 

MIDDLE KENAI (HOMER.IAN) FLORA 

The type Homeria.n flora is a composite one and comes 

from localities distributed through about 3,000 feet of 

section. The probable late Miocene age is based on 

plants from the type Homerian and from the Chuitna 

River flora, which is basal Homerian. 

The Chuitna River flora, listed below, is the richest 

single flora from the Homerian. 

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE HOMERIAN FLORA FROM 

CHUITN A RIVER 

Tracheo.pbyta 

Pteropsida 

Filicinae 

l!,ilicales 

Osmundaceae 

Onoclen sp. cf. 0. scnsUJUis L. 

Osnwnda sp. 

Gymnospermae 

Coniferales 

Taxodiaceae 

Glyptostrobtt8 C'lt'I"01J(tetts ( Brong.) Heer 

llfetaseqnoia glyptost1·oboicles Hu and Cheng 

Angiospermae 

Monocotyledonae 

Pandanales 

Typhaceae 

Typha sp. 

Glumiflorae 

Cy.peraceae 

Cyperacites sp. 

Dicotyledonae 

Salicales 

Salicaceae 

Popttl'/1.8 kena:iana 'Volfe 

Sa.lim ch1titensis Wolfe 

Sa.Um he81Je1'ia (Knowl.) Cond. 

Sa.Um tyonelca.na Wolfe 

Jugl~_ndales 

J:uglandaceae 

Pterocm·ya sp. cf. P. n·igella (Heer) Wolfe 

Fagales 

Betulaceae 

Alntts co·rylina Knowl. and Cock 

Aln.tts adumbrata (Holl.) 'Volfe"? 

Bet1tla sp. cf. B. th01· Knowl. 

Corylu.s chuitensis "rolfe 

Rosales 

Rosaceae 

Rubtts sp. 

Spi1·aca hopkinsi Wolfe 

Leguminosae 

Cla(lmsUs japonica ('.Dan. and Suz.) Wolfe 

So7Jh01·a sp. 
B6 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Tracheophyta -Continued 

Pteropsida-Continued 

Angiospermae-Con tin ued 

Dicotyledonae-Con tinned 

Myrtifiorae 

Elaeagnaceae 

Elaeagmts sp. aff. 11J. canadensis 

Umbelliflorae 

Cornaceae 

001"n1tS sv. 

Cormts sp. 

Araliaceae 

Aralia sp. 

Ericales 

Ericaceae 

Arb~ttus sp. 

RhododeniJron weaveri ( Holl.) Wolfe 

Vaoc,in'i~tm homerensis '\Volfe 

V acc'iniu,m sp. 

Rubiales 

Caprifoliaceae 

Diervilla sp. 

Sympho,ricarpos sp. 

In some respects the Chuitna River :fl.ora is only a 

modified Seldovian flora; the following species are 

either found in 'or have probably ancestral species in the 

Seldovian : Glyptost1·obus europaeus, lJf etaseqru,oia 

glyptost1·oboides, Populus kenaiama, Salix ch~titen.sis, 

Salix picroides, Pterocarya sp. c. P. nigella, Aln~ts 

corylinct, Alnus adumb'nata?, Oorylus chwi.t.ensis, Spiraea lwpkinsi, Oladrastis japonica, and Symphoricarpos sp. However, this is a comparatively small pe.rcentage of species for floras that occur in a narrow 

stratigraphic range. Even when the Seldovian element 

in the type Homerian (in the following list) is added 

(Taxodium distichum, Salix confirmata, S. kachemakensis, Oarya bendirei, Carpinus cobbi, Spiraea wea'oeri, 

Acer sp. cf. A. glabroides), the number of ~total Homerian species that are closely related to known Seldovian 

species is still less than one-third of the I-Iomerian flora. 

Undoubtedly more collections from bath the Seldovian 

and IIomerian would add to the list; for example, 

megafossils of Ulmaceae have not been found in the 

I-Iomerian, and leaves of Erjcaceae have not been found 

in the Seldovian, a.l,though hoth families are represented 

by pollen in both stages. However, the scarcity of 

common phylads indicates that a major change was 

taking place in the flora of the J(enai basin. 

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF FLORA OF THE TYPE HOMERIAN 

'l'racheophyta 

Pteropsicla 

Gymnosperruae 

Coniferales 

Taxodiaceae· 

Glyptostrolnu:; C1.trOfJacus ( Brong.) Heer 

Metaseqnoi(t. glyptol':ltrobo,hlcs Hu and Cheng 

Taxod,iwrn disticlwm ·Rich. · 

Tracheophyta-Continued 

Bteropsida-Continued 

Angiospermae 

M-onocotyledonae 

Glumiflo:rae 

Cyperaceae 

Cyperacites sp. 

Dicotyledonae 

Salicales 

Salicaceae 

Pop~tltts eotremlllo,ides Knowl. 

Pop~tl'tts kenwiana '\Volfe 

Pop·~tltts washoensis R. W. Br. 

Sal-ix al£tskana Holl. 

Salix ch?titensis 'Volfe 

Salix confirmata ( Holl.) Wolfe 

Sal,ix kachemakensis Wolfe 

SaUx tyonelwna ·wolfe 

l\fyricales 

Myricaceae 

Myrica sp. 

.Juglandales 

Juglandaceae 

Carya beniJirei (Lesq.) OhWl. ·and Axelr. 

Fa gales 

Betulaceae 

Aln1ts coryUna Know I. and· Cock. 

Alnus adumbrata (Holl.) Wolfe 

CarpintMJ cobbi Wolfe 

001·ylns chniten:;;i:;; 'Volfe 

Rosales 

Saxifragaceae 

Hydran,qca bendi1·e·i (Ward) Knowl. 

Ribes sp. 

Rosaceae 

Prtt'MI,s sp. 

Spiraea weave1·i Holl. 

Sp-i'raea hopkinsi Wolfe 

Leguminosae 

Cladrastis japonioa (Tan. and Suz.) Wolfe 

Myrtiflorae 

Elaegnaceae 

Elaeagnus sp. aff. E. canadensis 

Umbelliflorae 

Cornaceae 

Conws sp. 

Ericales 

Ericaceae 

Rhododendron weaved (Holl.) Wolfe 

TTaccinium homcrensis 'Volfe 

SymphoricarfJOS sp. 

Eben ales 

Styracaceae 

ll alesia sp. 

What factors are involved in this floristic change is 

not clear. Although the continued filling of the J(enai 

basin probably affected the flora somewhat, there is no 

evidence in the sedimentary history that the edaphic 

factors changed significantly. The m9st obvious. environmental factor is that of climate, but in this regard 

the evidence is apparently conflicting. There are two 

primary methods of arriving at an idea of paleo-
PLANTS B7 

climates that are based on floras: an analysis of leaf 

m:trgins and an analysis of genera and species in terms 

of their present climatic distribution. 

A cornparison of dieotyledon leaf-margin percentages between the Seldovian and I:Iomerian floras is 

given as follows: 

Percent 

Nu1niJCI' of ;;~~1:!~ Plorn. speci.es mnrgins 

T'ype Homerian______________________________ 25 23 

Chuitna River Homerian______________________ 24 83 

Seldovia Point_______________________________ 44 14 

l\1ost paleobotanists have directly compared the percentages obbtined from fossil floras to the percentages 

given by Bailey and Sinnott (1916), which are based on 

regional floras containing hundreds of species. This 

comparison, without qualifications, may not be valid 

because, as l\1acGinitie (1953, p. 45f) has pointed out, 

fossil floras are ·dominated by lacustrine and fluviatile 

plants. This means, pa.rticularly in regard to Neogene 

floras, that tho families with nonentire leaf margins 

such as Betulaceae and Salicaceae are overrepresented 

and give the flora a cool aspect as reflected in the 

leaf-margin analysis. Another factor that may detract from the value of leaf-margin analysis is the time 

of diversification of particular families. Although 

Bailey and Sinnott have shown the high correlation between entire-ma1~gined leaves and physiologically ariel . 

environments, the n1argin of the leaf is nevertheless 

probably genetically controlled; that is, the leaf margin 

is dependent on environment within definite genetic 

limitations. For example, in such a family as Lauraceae, where entire-margined species are overwhelmingly dominant, a few species in warm-temperate climates do have simple lobations; however, most of the 

warm-temperate members of this family have entire 

margins. Similarly, most species of the primarily 

tropical family Tiliaceae have nonentire margins even 

in tropical regions. It seems probable, therefore, that 

the type of leaf margin is not a simple function of 

envi ronrnent, but that genet.ic factors are also involved. 

The greater diversity and abundance in the Neogene 

of such families as the Rosaceae and Ericaceae, which 

are generally rare or lacking in Paleogene floras, are 

probably an actual reflec6on of the evolutionary history of these groups. In particular, the inclusion of 

Elaeagn~tS, Oo'rn~ts, E~ricacea.e, and Sy'ln]Jlwricarpos in 

the I:Iomerian flora may give this flQra a warmer aspect than mer.ited if only the leaf-margin analysis is 

relied upon. 

That the I-:Iomerian flora is cool temperate, rather 

than warm temperate as the leaf-margin analysis indicates; can be deduced from the present distribution 

of the I-:iomerian genera and families. The abundance 

and diversity of Salicaceae, Betulaceae, Rosaceae, and 

Ericaceae, the lack of Fagaceae, and scarcity of Ulmaceae and J uglandaceae definitely indicate that the 

I-Iomerian climate was considerably cooler than the 

Seldovian. 

One curious aspect of the I-Iomerian pollen assemblages is the poor representation of probable herbaceous 

types. Compositae are rare, as are other families that 

are today predominantly herbaceous. Most botanists 

have thought that the herbaceous types developed and 

diversified primarily at northern latitudes in response 

to the colder climate there. Of course the I-Iomerian 

flora is certainly not frigid, as indicated by the occurrence of Oladra.stis, Glyptostrrob'Lts, and j}f etaseq1wia. 

In contrast to the l{enai record, the entire l\1:iocene of 

'Vyoming shows a great abundance of pollen of herbaceous types (E. B. Leopold, oral commun., 1963). 

The highly seasonal climates of the developing arid 

regions may have had a greater impetus on the evolution of herbs than did the cooling at northern latitudes. 

UPPER KENAI (CLAMGULCHIAN) FLORA 

The Clamgulchian flora of the upper part of the 

l{enai Formation is known from relrutively few localities, partly becam:e of the poor .exposures and poor 

lithification and partly because of the comparatively 

little time spent collecting from the upper l{enai. At 

the known localities, the most striking feature of the 

following flora listed, which is probably early Pliocene, 

is its depauperate character. 

SYSTEMATIC LIST OF THE TYPE CLAMGULCHIAN FLORA 

Tracheophyta 

Sphenopsida 

Equisetale'S 

Eq u isetaceae 

Eqttisetum sp. 

Pteropsida 

Gymnospermae 

Coniferales 

Taxodiaceae 

Glyptost1·olHI8 eu:rowwns (Brong.) Heer 

Angiospermae 

Monocotyledonae 

Helobiae 

Naiadaceae 

Potarnogeton sp. 

Potanwgcton sp. 

Glumiflorae 

Cyperaceae 

Oarem sp. 

0Y1JC1"iteites sp. 

Dicoty ledonae 

Salicales 

Salicaceae 

Popnlus tacamalwcca Mill. 

Sa.U·m coolcensis Wolfe 

Salim cmssiju.lis Trautv. 
B8 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Tracheophyta-Continued 

Pteropsida-Continued 

Angiospermae--Contin ued 

Dicotyledonae-Con tinned 

Salicales-Continued 

Salicaceae--Con tin ued 

Sa,lix kena-iana Wolfe 

Sal,ix leopoldae Wolfe 

Sal,ix ninilchikens,is Wolfe 

Fagales 

Betulaceae 

A.lnus incana (L.) Moench 

Alnu,s schmidtae Wolfe 

Rosales 

Rosaceae 

Spiraea sp. cf. S. beauverdiana Schn. 

Malus sp. cf. llf. fusca (Rafin.) Schn. 

Sapindales 

Anacardiaceae 

Rhtts. sp. cf. R. glabra L. 

The Clamgulchian flora is clearly cool temperate. It 

is dominated, both numerically and taxonomically, by 

species of Alnus and Salix. The presence of Glyptostrobus in a cool-temperate flora may appear to be 

peculiar, but a member of this genus is known to have 

adapted to an increasingly arid and seasonal climate in 

eastern Oregon (Chaney and Axelrod, 1959), and other 

members of the genus could equally well have adapted 

to cool conditions. Of course, the presence of Glyptostrobus and Rhu.s. in the megafossil flora and possibly 

of Pterocarya and Liquid(Jff)1bar in the microfossil flora 

indicate that the Clamgulchian flora probably lived in 

a climate considerably warmer than that of the Cook 

Inlet area today, although cooler than either the 

Homerian or Seldovian. The occurrence of Pterocarya 

and Liquidambar in the Clamgulchian flora could be 

questioned on the possibility of redeposition. 

The Clamgulchian flora is virtually a depauperate 

Homerian flora, with most if not all of the warm elements eliminated. Most of the species of Alnus, Salix, 

and Populus have probable ancestors lower in the 

J(enai, and the Rhus is related to a species found at one 

Seldovian locality. The decrease in diversity of the 

flora was probably not sudden; the upper part of the 

I-Iomerian lacks many of the lower Homerian species. 

Similarly, the Recent woody dicotyledon flora of the 

Cook Inlet region could be considered a modified Clamgulchian flora. In south -central Alaska, however, 

even in swampy areas, the present association of 

dicotyledons with conifers such as Picea cannot be duplicated by any Clamgulchian megafossil flora, although 

nearly every J(enai pollen flora has an abundance of 

bisaccate types. Thus, although the Clamgulchian 

flora has several similarities to the Recent flora, the two 

floras should not be considered as representing the same 

association or community. 

SYSTEMATICS 

CHICKALOON FLORA 

Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton 

Pia te 1, figure 5 

Dennstaedt-ia americana Knowlton, 1910, Smithsonian l\fi~c. 

Colin., v. 52, p. 492, pl. 63, fig. 4; pl. 64, figs. 3-5. 

Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 42, pl. 6, 

figs. 1, 2, 5-7. 

Discussion.-The collections in the U.S. National 

Museum from the Greenland Paleocene contain a sterile 

pinnule of Dennstaedtia a1nericana. Most of the 

figured specimens of D. blomstrandi from the Paleocene 

of eastern Siberia also seem to represent this species. 

Many sterile and fertile specimens were collected in the 

Mrak mine in association with Onoclea. 

Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation: 9$73. 

Hypotype: USNM 42182. 

Onoclea hesperia Brown . 

Onoclea hesperia Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

375, p. 43, pl. 7, figs. 1, 4. 

Onoclea sensibilis auct. non Linnaeus. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 35, pl. 2, figs. 2-4. 

Discussion.-Brown excluded the Alaskan specimens 

from Onoclea hesperia because of their finely serrate 

margin. Examination of Newberry's types of 0. sensibilis fossilis (these are 'also the types of 0. hesperia) 

under a microscope reveals that any individual fragment may be both finely serrate and entire. Probably 

most of the specimens referred by Brown to Woodwardia arctic a are conspecific with 0. hesperia. 

Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation: 9871-9873. 

Carya antiquora Newberry 

Plate 1, figure 1 

Carya ant-iqtwrum Newberry, 1868, New York Lyceum Nat. 

History Annals, v. 9, p. 72. 

Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 35, pl. 31, 

figs.l-4. 

Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 55, pl. 17, 

figs. 1-7; pl. 18,-fig. 4. 

H,icoria antiquonun (Newberry) Knowlton, 1898, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 152, p. 117. . 

Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 83, 

pl. 37, fig. 1. 

Juglans nigella auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 81, pl. 38, figs. 1, 5. 

Juglans P'icroides auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 82. pl. 37, fig. 2. 

Fraxin?ts juglandina auct. non Saporta. Hollick, 1936 [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 163, pl. 100, fig. 1. 

Discussion.-Two of the major features that characterize the leaflets of 0 arya antiquora are the smooth 

arching of the secondary veins and the lack of promi-
PLANTS B9 

nent tertiary branches. Thus far, 0. anti.qum·a is 

kno''~n definitely only from Paleocene rocks. 

Ocou:rl·c'IWC: Chiclm\oon li'ormntion: 9870, 9872, 9881. 

.ll1JJ)Ot1f1JO: USNM 42183. 

"Plan era" microphylla Newberry 

Plate 2, figure 5 

Pla.nora nl:im·oph1Jlla, Newberry, 18{)8, New York Lyceum Nat. 

History Annals, v. !), p. 55. 

Newberry, 18!)8, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 81, pl. 33, 

figs. 3, 4. 

Brown, 1HG2, U.S. Geol. Snrvey Prof. Pn:per 375, p. {)0, :pl. 24, 

figs. 1-11, 13, 15, Hi. 

.rnrJlans'! 1J8C'lHlc)])'ncta,ta, Hollicl\:, 193G [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 82, pl. 104, figs. 3-5. 

.li''l'amin·ns'! 1J8C'1Hlobliq·na Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. ,Survey 

Prof. Pnper 182, .p. 164. pl. 104, fig. 7a. 

Ul1nns longifolia nuct. non Unger. Hollick, 1936, U.S. -Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p.107, pl. 58, fig. •1. 

Disouss·io11,.-All the Alasl:an specimens cited above 

fall well within the range of var.ia;tion of Plamera mioro7Jhylla. Although not a;bundant, leaves of this species 

occur at severa..llocalities in the Chickaloon. 

The reference of these leaves to Pla;nera does not seem 

to be valid. In the shape of the teeth, they are most 

simihtr to leaves of He11viptelea, which, however, are 

simply serrate~ The cordate base of the fossil is similar 

to that of some species of Ul'lnus, but the conspicuous 

and irregular forking of ·the secondary veins indicates a 

rela:tionship to Pla.nent. Other than in tooth shape, the 

fossils differ from leaves •of Planera hy having uniformly and closely spa.ced nervilles. 

Ocmwre·nce: Chickaloon Formation: 5892, 9871-9873, 9881. 

IT1JpOt1Jpes: USNM 42281, 42285. 

Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 1, figure 2; figure 1A 

Popu.l·ns fta-bcllmn New:berry, l.8(i3, Boston .Jour. Nat. History, 

v. 7, p. 524. 

Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 44, pl. 20, 

fig. 4. 

Po1m.lns wrcticn Beer, 1866, Natm'f. Gesel. Zurich, Vier.teljlrhrsch, v. 11, p. 275. 

Beer, 1SGS, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 1, p. 100, ·pl. 4, figs. 6a, 

7 ; .pl. 5 ; pl. (i, figs. 5, {) ; pl. 8, .figs. 5, 6. 

Hollick, 193G, U.S. Geol. Survey ,Prof. Pn:per 182, p. 60, pl. 

22, fig. 5a; pl.· 23, figs. 1, 2; pl. 24, figs. 1-3; pl. 27, fig. 4; 

pl. 117, figs. 4-8 ; pl. 118, fig. 5. 

P-i1)C'I' scptcnt1·ionaUs Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, 'll. 58, ·pl. 113; pl. 114, fig. 1. 

Pi,1JG'I' cont1·ovc1·tnbUis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prorf. 

Paper 182, ·P· '5!), pl. 114, figs. ·2, 3a, 4-9. 

Oc1·oi'U1Jh1Jll1111n wrct,ictt.1n (Heer) Brown, 1939 [part], ,Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 13, p. 492, pl. 53, figs. 3-5. 

Brown, 1962 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 70, 

pl. 37, figs. 10, 17; Ill. 38, figs, 14, 16. 

Po1ml1M:1 (t1nbl1J'I'h1Jnchn auct. non \Vard. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. {i3, J)l. 25, fig. 5. 

7!)(i ..... 7o!)2 0-{i{l--2 

POJl'nltts znda,clt,i auct. non Heer. Hollicli:, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 69, J}l. 24, figs. 4, 5. 

Disoussion.-A complete synonyn1y of Oooo'l.l);us flabella would cover several pages and is not given here. 

The epithet "flabella" has priority, although Brown 

(1939, p. 492) chose "arotica" for the widely used 

"OeroidiphyllAilJn wrotiow1n." Several different forms 

have been included in 0. a.rotiou'ln, discussed as follows 

under Trochodendroides serrulata.. 

Thus far, OooO'ulrus flabella is not known above the 

lower Eocene and was most widespread during the. 

Paleocene. 

Considerable confusion has resulted because of the 

tendency to place many palmate leaves in OeroidiJJhyll'Lt'ln arotimtn~, primarily because of a superficial resemblance to Oerc·idiphyllu'ln leaves and a joint occurrence 

with the fruits variously known as Nyssidiu1n or 

J enkinselta. Chandler ( 1961, p. 84-90) demonstrated 

tha,t the fruits of J enkinsella. are not related to 0 eroidiphyll'Lan, and this in turn indicates that the Paleogene leaves also referred to OeroidiJJhyllu'ln should be 

reexamined. The investigation of this foliage is not 

yet completed, but cert~tin data have· been collected. 

Among the Fort Union Paleocene leaves assigned to 

0. a.rot?~O'tt1n, at least five basically different types of 

ultimate venation can be recognized. This indicates 

that certainly five different species are represented, and, 

concomitant with the megascopic characters, five different genera and families are probably also represented. Two of these species I have not been able to 

assign to any extant family; because they are not 

present in the Chickaloon flora they are here ignored. 

The remaining three entities are present in the 

Chickaloon as well as in the Fort Union flora. One 

of these forms, T'J·oohodend'l·oides serrulata, has the 

extensive secondary and tertiary looping and finely 

crena;te margin sim'ilar to Om·oidiphyll!wm. However, 

the ultimate venation (fig. 1A) is strikingly different 

from that of the Recent 0 .. ia.ponio'Lt'ln, and I hesitate 

to make the two species congen:eric without more evidence. Specimens of T. serrulata are uncommon in 

comparison with the other two segregates of 0. arotiou1n 

discussed here. 

A second species, Oooculus flabella, is the most common dicotyledon leaf in the Chickaloon Forma;tion hut 

is compara;tively uncommon in the Fort Union. Included in this species are the types of Heer's Populus 

arctioa. l\fost 0. flabella leaves do not ·have the ultimate venation preserved, or the le~tf is represented by 

a structureless ·carbonized mass.. The leaf was apparently very thick, and the only specimens on which I 

have observed the ultimate vena;tion (fig. 1B) are ones 

tha·t appear to have been partly d'ecayed .}kfore burial. 
BIO TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Most specimens, even if the ultimate venation is not preserved, display a prominent surface pattern of small 

( a;bout 0.08 mm) closely spaced mounds. On specimens in which the leaf is partly decayed, the pxttern 

appears as a reticulation of carbon filling the crevices 

between ·the bare mounds. The ultimate venation is 

composed ·of sma.Il areoles that typically lack freely ending veinlets. Such a pattern is common in members of 

Menispermaceae, as is the presence of a conspicuous 

marginal vein. Leaves of 0 occu.lU8 in particular have 

the same mixture of coarse irregular lobes and an entire 

margin. Tropical species of OocculU8 alS'o display the 

same peculiar surface pattern as the fossils. 

A third species is Dicotylophyllu1n richardsoni. 

Leaves of this species are commonly coarsely and doubly 

serrate, have glandular teeth, and may form shallow 

lobes. The ultimate vena:tion, in comparison with the 

two other species, has large areoles intruded :by .rthin 

branching veinlets. The familial relationship of this 

species is uncertain. Some resemblance .in superficial 

venation pattern and margin to leaves of TriWJnfetta 

(Tiliaceae) may be noted, and the ultimate venation 

pattern is somewhat similar. On the other hand, the 

fossils have typically craspedodrome secondaries unlike 

the ca1nptodrome pattern in Triumfetta. Other genera 

of Tiliaceae, for example Gre~oia, do have craspedodrome secondaries, but Grewia, as most Tiliaceae, has 

small quadrangular areoles intruded by few and simple 

veinlets. Because no familial assignments of the fossils 

can be made with confidence at this time, they are referred to the form genus Dicotylophyllurn. 

Occurrence: Chickaloon Formation. 9870-9874, 9881. 

II ypotypes: USNM 42185, 42282. 42286. · 

c 

FIGURE 1.-Ultimate venation of leaves of the ucerrcidiphyllum arcticum)J type. A, Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe, USNM 42185·, locality 

9881. B, Trochodendroides serntlata (Ward) Wolfe, USNM 42187, locality 9870. C, Dicotylophyll.um richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe, USNM 

42262, locality 9870. X .18. 

Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 1, figure 3; figure lB 

Z·i.zyphtM sert·u.lata Ward, 1885, U.S. Geol. Survey 6th Ann. Rept., 

p. 554, pl. 51, figs. 14, 15. 

Om·chUphyllu.m wrct-ict.tm (Beer) Brown, 1939 [part], .Jour. 

Paleontology, v. 13, p. 492, pl. 53, fig. 6 (specimen on 

right). 

Brown, 1962 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 70, 

pl. 38, fig. 10. -

Discu .. ssion.-Many leaves .that have finely crenate 

margins and consistently camptodrome venation have 

been assigned by various authors to Oercidiphyllum, 

rf/J·cticun&. These leaves thus appear in gross features 

to differ significantly from the typical railge of varia,-

. tion found in 0 occu.lus flabella, which has large rounded 

teeth or an entire margin. 

Trochodendroides serT"ttlata is much less common than 

0 occ'ulu8 flabella. Leaves of the former have been found 

at two localities in the Chickaloon Forn1ation, but the 

lea,ves of the latter species are common at almost a,ll 

localities. ~{any of. the leaves referred to Oercidiphyllun1 arcticu1n from n1iddle Eocene and younger rocks 

appear to belong to the T. serru.lata phylad, although 

probably not toT. serrulata itself. 

Occurrence.· Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9872. 

Hypotypes.· USNM 42186,42187. 

Hamamelites inaequalis (Newberry) Brown 

Plate 1, figure 7 

Hamamelites inaequ.alis (Newberry) Brown, 1962 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 72, pl. 40, fig. 5. 

Protoficns ·inaequalis. Newberry, 1883, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 

5, p. 512 . 

Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 89, pl. 58, 

fig. 2; pl. GO, fig. 1. 

Hamanwlites fothe.rgilloicles auct. non Saporta. Ward 1887, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Bull. 37, p. 64, pl. 29, fig. 1. 
PLANTS Bll 

Di8cuss/on.-I have accepted only one of Brown's 

figured specimens as validly assigned to Ilamwmelites 

·inaequaJi8. lTis plate 40, figure 4, shows a. specimen that 

has widely spaced percurrent nervilles, several basal secondary veins depa.J-t-.ing at nearly 90°, and a consistently 

dentaJe margin; this is a. plahmoid leaf and should probably be nssig11ecl to (fredne'r·ia. Brown's plate 40, figure 

fi, is a b:t-tte.red leaf tha.t can be more readily matched 

by lea.ves of Vi7Yt.t.n1:Ulln ant·iqu/lt/ln (Brown, 1962, pl. 63, 

figs. :3, 8). 

Oooll'n·cnl;c: Chickaloon Formation: 9870. 

Hypotm)(;: USNlV£ 42188. 

"Sapindus" aflinis Newberry 

Plate 2, figure 3 

Sap·indn.y nffin.-is Newberry, 1868, New York Lyceum Nat. History Annnls, v. 9, p. 51. 

Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Snrvey Mon. 35, p. 116, pl. 30, 

fig. 1 ; pl. 40, fig. 2. 

Brown, 1962, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 76, pl. 

47, figs 1-8. 

HoLlick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pttper 182, p. 137, pl. 

76, fig. 5. 

Discussion.-Several well-preserved specim.ens recently collected substantiate I-Iollick's queried referral 

of his Chickaloon specimen to this common Fort Union 

species. Both ·the Fort Union and the Chickaloon spec-

.i mens. lack the numerous prominent and nearly craspedodrome tertiary branches characteristic of leaflets 

of Recent Sa7Jindus. In addition, the fossils have a distinct marginal vein, which is lacking in Sapindus. I 

have not been ruble to find all the characters of the fossils h1 ttny extant genus of Sapindaceae, although 

Eu,JJhoria appears to be closest. 

Ooetwrcncc: Chiclm.loon Formation: 58!)2, 9871, 9873, 9881. 

.liypotype: USNl\f 42189. 

Dicotylophyllum alaskana (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 2, figure 2 

G-rc·wiop~;;i8 ala,skana Hollick, 1!)86 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Pt·of. Paper 182, p. 14!), pl. 85, fig. 2-4. 

POJJ'/I.l'/1.8 laMo·r nuct. non Braun. Hollick, 1!)36 [part], U.S. 

G.:.'()l. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. G4, pl. 26, fig. 4. 

POJJnlns ula:lul'll.z.i[c·rn auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 65, pl. 116, fig. 1. 

Popul'l/.8 1Jnlsa•IIW'icle8 auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1!)36 [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paver 182, p. 65, pl. 116, fig. 3. 

/l(J7l'l/.l'/1.8 ua·tulin:i nuct. non l!"'ischer-Ooster. Hollie}{, 1936 [p .. ·ut], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 67, pl. 25, fig. 2. 

A.ccr wrct·iou.nt, auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 133, pl. 77, fig. 1. 

JJiscuss?:on.-The familial affinities of these leaves 

are unla1own. Although they superficially resemble 

Po7ntlus, their sharp nonglandular teeth, lack of petiolar gln,nds, angular loops of the secondary veins, and 

other features indicate that Dicotyphyll'Lifln alaskana is 

not closely related to Popu11us. The palmate venation 

and ca,mptodrome secondaries exclude D. alruJkana from 

Grewiopsis. 

Occtw1·ence: Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9782, 9881. 

Jiypotype: USNl\'I 42190. 

Dicotylophyllum fiexuosa (Newberry) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 2, figure 1 

Qtterctts fiemuosa Newberry, 1863, Boston Jour. Nat. History, 

~. 7, p. 521. 

·Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 74, pl. 19, 

figs. 4-6. 

Qttercus s1tllyi Newberry, 1883, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 5, p. 506. 

Newberry, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey Mon. 35, p. 79, pl. 60, 

fig. 2. 

Brown, 1962 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 

59, pl. 23, figs. 1, 2, 4-7; pl. 27, fig. 9; pl. 57, figs. 6, 7. 

Pte·roca1·ya se1)tent·rionale Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p. 84, pl. 40, figs. 5--7. 

Qttercns conj1t1wt-iva Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182,p.101,pl.42,figs.3,4a. 

Dryophyllttm aqttilonium Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p. 104, pl. 43, fig. 6. 

Rosa cetera. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, 

p. 125, pl. 70, fig. 8. 

Mohrodend1·on inopi1Mtm Hollick, 1!)36 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 162, pl. 103, fig. 2. 

F1·am·i1'ws inonlinata Hollicl{, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182,p.163,pl.101,figs.1-7. 

Juglans crossi-i auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 80, pl. 44, fig. 4; pl. 40, figs. 1-4. 

Jti.(Jlan.y juolandi[o1·1nis auct. non (Sternberg) Giebel. Hollick, 

1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 80, pl. 43, figs. 

3-5 ; pl. 39, figs. 1-6. 

Q1uJ1·cns ittulan(lina auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 101, pl. 42, figs. 1a, 2 ; pl. 43, 

fig. 2. 

Quercus a1·tocarpites auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936, 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, pl. 43, fig. 1. 

Q1te1·cu.s nwriana auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Sur-

~ey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, pl. 44, fig. 1. 

Qttercus alaska1w. auct. non Trelease. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 102, pl. 44, fig. 2. 

D1·yophyll1tm longipetiolatt~Jm auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, 

1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 104, pl. 42, 

fig. 5. 

Framinus jttglan(lina auct. non Saporta. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 163, pl. 42, fig. 4b. 

F·ramimts johnstrupi auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 164, pl. 105, fig. 3. 

Discussion.-As the above synonymy indicates, leaves 

of Dicotylophyllu1n flewuosa are common in the Chickaloon Formation. This species is also found in the Paleocene Chuckanut and Fort Union floras of the conterminous United States, and some of the leaves of 

flew and Quercus described from the Greenland Paleocene ma.y a..lso be representatives of this species. 

Brown's synonymy of Q. 8ullyi with Sanborn's Aralia 

tau1·inen.r:sis does not appea.r to be valid; hence, D. flew-

'L~Josa is not known in other than Paleocene rocks. 
B12 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

It is extremely doubtful that these fossils belong in 

Q~terc~ts; one specimen from the Chickaloon appears to 

be two leaflets attached to a rachis. D. flewuosa may be 

related to the species of 111 elioB?na with compound 

leaves. 

Ocmwrence: Chickaloon Formation: 5982, 9881. 

Jfypotype: USN.M 42191. 

Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 1, figure 4; figure 10 

Popnl·us riclwnl8oni Heer, 1868, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 1, p. 

98, pl. 4, figs. 1-5; pl. 6, figs. 7, 8; pl. 15, fig. 1c. 

Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. ·survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 61, pl. 

27, figs. 1-3; pl. 33, fig. 1•a. 

Cc·rcirUphylltttn an;t-ioum (Heer) Brown. Brown, 1962 [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Par"ler 375, p. 70, pl. 37, figs. 13, 

15, 18, 20 ; pl. 52, fig. 9 .. 

Discussion.-See page B10. 

Occnn·ence: Chickaloon Formation : 9870, 9872, 9881. 

Ilypotypes: USNl\f 42184,42262. 

Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 1, figure 6 

Ptm·ospermUes an1"icnlacconlatns Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 151, pl. 92, figs. 1-5. 

Pte•i'OSJ)Ct'mites conjuncti'IYUS Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 152, pl. 91, figs. 1, 2. 

Gt·ewiO]JSis alaskana Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 149, pl. 85, fig. 1 [not figs. 2 and 3 

which are retained ·as D·icotylophyllu.tn ala.skana.]. 

Vi1J1U''1Wm cu.panioirles (Newberry) Brown, 1962 [vart], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 375, p. 87. 

Discussion.-These leaves have a pseudopalmate pinnate venation, craspedodrome secondary veins, percurrent nervilles, a dentate margin, and arcuate sinuses. 

l-Ienee, the fossils fall within the boundaries of Gretoiopsis as originally defined. Despite the generic name·, 

Grewiopsis is not related to Grettxia, whose leaves have 

palmate venation, a serra.te margin, and angula.r sinuses. 

Several unfigured Fort Union speci1nens referred to 

V·ib~trn~tm mtpanioides by Brown have the diagnostic 

features of Gretoiopsis auriculaecordat~ts. 

Occu·rrence: Chickaloon Formation: 9870, 9872-9874, 9881. 

Ilypotypes: USNM 42283, 42284. 

Pterospermites cf. P. dentatus Heer 

Plate 2, figure 4 

Ptem8pet·nl .. itcs rlentatus Beer, 1868, Flora fossils arctica, v. 1, 

p. 138, pl. 21, fig. 15b; pl. 23, figs. 6, 7. 

Discussion.-The fragmentary specimens on which 

fleer 'based Pterosper1nites dentatu.s appear to be conspecific with the complete specimen figured here. The 

peltate leaf, palmate venation, and dentate margin 

characterize this species. 

Leaves should not be assigned to Pterosper1n.ites. 

The type of the genus, P. vagans Heer, is a small seed 

from the Miocene of Switzerland. This type of peltate 

leaf has never been found above the Paleocene m1d is 

apparently a relict of a Cretaceous group. The familial aJfinities. of this foliage are unknown at present, 

although several l\{enispermaceae have peltate leaves. 

A more probable relationship is with Euphorbiaceae: 

llfacaranga tanari'US Muell.-Arg. has peltate.leaves that 

have similar bifurcating primary and secondary veins 

and a nonentire margin. The fossils lack, however, 

conspicuous regularly spaced percurrent nervilles and 

percurrent quaternary veins between the nervilles, 

features that are characteristic of ill acaranga and numerous other Euphorbiaceae. 

Occurrence: Ohick•aloon Formation : 9881. 

Speci·men: USNM 42192. 

KENAI FLORA 

SALICACEAE 

Populus kenaiana Wolfe, new name 

Plate 3, figure 1 

Yit'is crenata Beer, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana, p. 36, pl. 8, 

fig. 6. 

Popultts Undurcn:i Knowlton, 1898, U.S. Geol. Survey 18th Ann. 

Rept., pt. 3, p. 725, pl. 100, fig. 3. 

Discussion.-The combination Popul'US crenata was 

used hy Unger, and hence a new epithet is needed. The 

specific epithet "heeriama" was applied to V itis C'renata 

by Knowlton and Cockerell (in J{nowlton, 1919, p. 648) 

because of homonymy, but the combination Popul!us 

heeriana would be an orthographic variant of P. heerii 

Sa porta. 

In the features shown 'by Heer's type specimen, his 

Vitis crenata is conspecific with J{nowltmi's Pozntl~ts 

lindgreni. This synonymy is further supported by the 

numerous specimens from the type Seldovian and other 

Kenai localities that have been directly compared with 

both Knowlton's and Heer's types. 

Occnrrenoc: Seldovian: 9365, 9845 '?, 9846, 9848, 9850, 9856, 

9858, 9863?, 9866, 9867. Homerian: 5821, 9844, 9852. 

I-Iypotypc: USNM 42264. 

Salix cappsensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Pia te 4, figure 6 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape linear 

oval, falcate; length 7.7-9.3 em; width 1.9-2.4 em; base 

cuneate; apex acuminate; 11-13 pairs of irregularly 

spaced secondary veins, depa.rting at an angle of 40°-

600, convex, forming angular loops with adjacent secondaries; intersecondaries common, parallel to secondaries; tertiaries craspedodrome; nervilles branching, 

obcurrent; areoles large, irregularly polygonal, intruded by profusely branching veinlets; margin serrate, 

with arcuate sinuses; teeth typically two per secondary, sharp, narrmvly triangular. 
PLANTS Bl3 

D'lscussion.-.AJ1 undescribed specimen from l(ulmk 

Bay was labeled, apparently by l(nowlton, as "Andro-

?neda. sp." (USN~i 30216). This specimen and two 

from the Capps Glacier Seldovian are here· considered 

conspecific. 

Leaves of Salix caJJJJSen.sis and S. cluuiten.'Jis, a de-

. scription of which follows, resemble those of the extant 

S. 1·icha1'd8oni I-Iook. in having sharp sickle-shaped 

teeth, an acute base, and an acuminate apex. In shape, 

venation, and number of teeth, however, the three species n.re distinguishable. S. capJJ8en.'1i8 is linear and 

falcate in shape, haf;) two teeth per secondary and arcuate sinuses and obcurrent nervilles. The younger S. 

ch'l.dt(}n8i8 .is slightly falcate and oval in shape and has 

two teeth per secondary, acute sinuses, and percurrent 

nerv.illes. The extant S. 1'icha1·dsoni is broadly oval in 

shape, has three t.eeth per secondary, and has acute 

sinuses. As yet, this phylad is unknovn1 from the 

type section of the Cl amgulchi;an. 

Ocmwrcnoc: Seldovian : 9845. 

.llolotypc: USNM 42261. 

Pwra.tmJc: USNM 30216. 

Salix chuitensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 1, 2 

Desc?'i]Jt'ton.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval to 

ovate; slightly :falcate; base cuneate; apex acuminate; 

length 3.8-7.5 em; width 1.9-3.4 em; 8-13 pairs of 

irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing at an 

angle of 30°-70°, curving apically near margin to form 

a series of angular loops with adjacent secondaries, 

ca.mptodrome; tertiaries craspedodrome; intersecond-

~tries common, parallel to secondaries; nervi)les irregullarly ·spaced, branching percurrent to obcurrent; margin 

serrn.te, with uniformly spaced, narrowly triangular 

teeth, sinuses arcuate; petiole more than 0.2 em long. 

Disc~tssion.-See under Salim caJJpsemi8 (p. B12). 

Ooou:ITCncc: Hmnerian : 93(i1, 9844, 9853, 9868. 

If olutmJC: U SNM 42200. 

PwratmJc: USNM 42201. 

Salix tyonekana Wolfe; ·n. sp. 

Plate 3, figure 7 

F·mmin:u.s jttgla.nllina. auct. non Saporta. Hollick, 1936 [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pnper 182, p. 163, pl. 101, fig. 10. 

Desc?'i]Jt'ton.-I...Jf:)aves simple, pinnate,; slutpe linear 

oval, falcn.te to straight; length 4.0-9.0 em; width 1.2-

2.4 em; base cuneate; apex highly acuminate; 18-20 

pairs of irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing 

:tt a.n n.ng]e of 50°-80°, convex, looping smoothly near 

m.a.rgin ; intersecondaries common, subparallel to secondaries; series of submarginal te~·tiary loops; quaternaries cra.spedodrome; nervilles obcurrent; areoles about 

0.5-0.6 em across, irregularly polygonal, intruded by 

once- or twice-branching veinlets; margin finely crenate, 

with glandular teeth; teeth typically 3-5 per secondary; 

petiole thick, at least 0.6 em long. 

D·iscussion.-Leaves of Salix tyonekana most closely 

resemble those of S. lasiandra Benth., particularly in 

shape, marginal and secondary venation:, and number 

and type of teeth. Salix lasi((Jtulra, however, has percurrent nervilles and less conspicuous and numerous 

intersecondary veins. 

OccnrrC'Iwe: Homerian : 5821, 9844, 9852. 

Holotype: USNM 42265. 

Para types: USNM 38779, 42266. 

Salix alaskan a Hollick· 

Plate 4, figure 5 

Saliw alaskwna Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, 

p.69,pl.31,fig.4. . 

Jnglans '! psetHlopmwtata Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, p. 82, pl. 104, fig. 2. 

Pntntts hartttngi acqttalis Hollick, 1936, U.S. GBol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p.126, pl. 70, figs.l-3 . 

Prunus olympica auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 1936, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. P.aper 182, p. 127, pl. 70, figs. 5, 6. 

Discussion.-All specimens cited above intergrade in 

all features, and all are from the same locality. Salix 

alaska;na is apparently ancestral to S. kenaiana, but the 

former has leaves that lutve consistently serrate margins. 

In the upper Homerian, however, the teeth are sparser 

and sn1alle,r. If it were not for the presence of minute 

teeth, these leaves w~uld be assigned to S. kenaiana. 

Occur1'C1We: Homerian : 5820, 9361, 9853. 

Hypotype: USNM 42198. 

Salix kenaiana Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figure 7 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; slutpe oval to 

obovate; base narrowly .. to broadly rom1ded; apex acute; 

length 2.7-8.5 Cin; width 1.8-2.7· Cin; 8-16 pairs of 

irregularly spaced secondary veins, departing from 

midrib at an angle of 30°-80°, curving sn1oothly 

apically, forming a series of loops with adjacent secondaries, camptodrome; intersecondaries uncommon, 

parallel to secondaries; nervilles uniformly spaced, 

branching, percurrent ;· areoles .irregularly polygonal, 

intruded by profusely branching vei.nlets; margin entire; petiole 0.3-0.5 em long; lower surface pubescent. 

Dis(J'U8sion.-Salix kenaiana has leaves similar to 

those of S. alaskana I-Ioll. but lack,ing an indication of 

teeth. The recent S. sitclwnsis Sa,ns. has similar leaves, 

but these :have a consistently acute ~ase and larger 

areoles, whereas S. kenaiana has _a rom1ded base and 

sn1aller areoles. 

Occurrence: Clamgulchian: 9360, 9763, 9859, 9860, 9862. 

Holotype: USNM 42199. 
B14 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Salix confirmata (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 3, figur~ 2 

Row confi:rmata Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, 

p. 125, pl. 70, fig. 9. 

Rhamnus f]a1tdini auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 139, pl. 78, fig. 4. 

Diospyros anccp8 auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 161, pl. 105, fig. 2. 

Dismtssion.-Hollick's type has a petiole and is hence 

a leaf and not a leaflet. The type and similar specimens 

from the I-Iomerian are closely similar to the extant 

Salix barclayi Anders. The fossils differ from the 

R.ecent leaves primarily by having about half as many 

teeth, an acmninate apex, and a higher angle of departure of the secondaries. 

Occtt1Tence: Homerian : 5820, 5821, 9853, Clamgulchian : 9854. 

Hypotype: USNM 42267. 

Salix kachemakensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 3, 4, 8 

Sal,ix tenera; auct. non Al. Braun. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 72, pl. 34, figs. 9, 10 . 

• Tttf}lans salicifolia auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1936, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 79, pl. 28, fig. 3. 

Magnolia inglefieldi auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1963 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 114, pl. 62, fig. 3. 

Lattrus princeps auct. non Heer. Hollick, 19-36, U.S. Geo.I. 

Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 120, pl. 67, fig. 1. 

Descripti01n.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval to 

obovate; base narrowly to broadly rounded; apex 

acuminate; length 4.0-9.4 em; width 2.1-4.6 em; 12-20 

pairs of secondary veins, departing at an angle of 40°-

900, irregularly convex, often branching, forming 

angular loops with adjacent secondaries, craspedodrome or camptodrome; intersecondaries numerous, 

parallel to secondaries; nervi1les irregularly branching, 

obcurrent; areoles irregularly polygonal, intruded by 

thick profusely branching veinlets; margin thickened, 

entire or with irregularly spaced coarse teeth; petiole 

at least 1.5 em long. 

Discussion.~ In some of the foliar variations, particularly in regard to. the margin, Salix kachenwkemis 

and the Recent S. scouleriana Barr. are very similar. 

The fossil species, however, has many leaves that have 

smoothly arching secondary veins and an ·entire margin, 

and typically the fossils are much broader than the 

Recent leaves. 

OcclwTenoe: Homerian: 4129, 5822, 9361, 9852, 9853. 

JlolotYIJC: USNM 42193. 

Paratypc8: USNM 42195, 42196. 

Salix leopoldae Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figure 9 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly 

oval to ovate; base acute; apex acuminate; length 8.0 

to (estimated) 11.0 em; width 3.2-4.3 em; 12-16 

pairs of irregularly spaced secondaries, departing at. 

an angle of 30°-80°, broadly convex to undulatory, 

forming angular loops submarginally, forking conspicuously; intersecondaries common, subparallel to 

secondaries; tertiaries camptodrome or craspedodrome; 

nervilles irregularly and broadly spaced, obcurrent; 

ultimate venation not known; margin irregularly and 

sparsely crenate; length of petiole unknown. 

Discussion.-These fossils are similar to the leaves 

of both the extant Salix scouleriana Barr. ·and the Homerian S. kachmnakemis. Leaves of S. leopoldae differ 

from those of S. scouleriana Barr. by their broad shape 

and acuminate apex; their acute base and crenate margin distinguishes them frmn leaves of S. kachemakensis. 

This species is named for Estella B. Leopold. 

OccmTence: Clamgulchian: 93.6(), 9763, 9854, 9855, 9861, 9862. 

Jlolotype: USNM 42197. 

Pwratype: USNM 42268. 

Salix ninilchikensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 3, figure 6 

D·iopspyros lancitolia auct. non Lesquereux. Heer, 1869, Flora 

fossilis alaskana, p. 35, pl. 3, fig. 12. 

De8oription.-Leaf simple, pi1mate; shape oval, 

linear, rarely falcate; base cuneate to rounded; apex 

acuminate; length 6.5-11.5 Cin; width 2.0-4.5 em; 17-

19 pairs of irregularly spaced secondaries, de·parting 

at an angle of 40°-80°, convex, curving near margin 

to form a series of uniform marginal loops with adjacent secondaries; nervilles not percurrent, tending to 

be perpendicular to midrib, branching, regularly 

spaced; areoles about 0.5 mm across, irregularly polygonal, intruded by thin, profusely branching veinlets; 

margin entire, with pubescence; petiole 0.7-0.9 em long. 

Discussion.-Salim ninilchikemis is closely related 

to the extant S. amplifolia Cov. The fossils differ from 

leaves of the Recent species by being, oval and more 

linear and by having more numerous secondary veins. 

Occurrence: Clamgulchian: 9862. 

Jlolotype: USNM 42269. 

Salix picroides (Heer) Wolfe, new combination 

Jttf}lans ( Carya) pict·oides Heer, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana, 

p. 39, pl. 9, fig. 5. 

Discussion.-Heer's specimen of Juglans picroides 

does not have teeth as large as illustrated. The teeth 

are small and irregularly distributed. The submarginal 

loops of the tertiary veins are angular. In the character of the teeth, the marginal venation, and the almost 

percurrent venation, Hem·'s specimen is similar to 1nost 

specimens referred by various authors to Salix hesperia 

(Knowl.) Cond. Numerous specim.ens, however, of 

8allx p£croides from the Seldovian and lower Homerian 

.. -.-. 
PLANTS B15 

indicate thn.t inS. pim·oides the base is typically rounded 

:n1d the n.pex is greatly attenuated; the margin near the 

apex changes from a concave admedial curvature to a 

concave abrnedial curvature. In 8. lwsperia the base is 

typic:tlly corchtte and the apex is less attenuated without a nuu·ked change in curvature. S. JJicro,ides also 

occurs :in early :Miocene beds in Oregon; this species 

rnay possibly be ancestral to S. hesperia, which is only 

known from late l\1iocene and younger horizons. On 

the other hand, except for the larger sharper uniform 

teeth of S. coolcen,sis fr01n the upper Homerian and 

Cla.rngulchian, this younger species and S. ]Jic'roides 

would be considered conspecific. Perhaps S. picroides 

gave rise to S. cookensis in the north and to 8. hespe1·ia 

in the south. 

Occnrrcncc: Seldovinn: 0840, !)850, !)856. Homerian: 9844. 

Salix cookensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 3, figures 4, 5 

Snlim va.1·iam.s auct. non Goeppert. Beer, 1869 [part], Flora 

fossilis alnslmna,. p. 27, pl. 3, figs. 1-3. 

Description.-See 1-Ieer, 1869, p. 27. 

Di.~(Jussion.-The leaves here called Salim cookensis 

are uniform in having well-defined sharp teeth, percurrent nervilles, a linear ovate shape, and a highly 

acuminn.te n.pex. SaUx coolcensis is apparently related 

to the early and middle Miocene S. pim·o~ides. In venation, le:tves of S. cool.·;ensis resemble those of the extant 

S. JJseudonwnt?:cola Ball. The latter, however, are 

broader and have an acute apex. · 

Occu:JTG'JU;c: Homerian: B853. Clamgulchian: 9360, 9862. 

.HolotmJe: USNl\142270. 

Paratype: USNM 42271. 

JUGLANDACEAE 

Pterocarya nigella (Heer) Wolfe, new combination 

Plnte 3, figure 3 

,f·uyfa,Jis n'i.fJGlln Hee1·, 18(1!), ]!'lorn fossilis nrctica, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 

38, pl. !), figs. 2-4. 

A. ~Jeaves with teeth in groups (lobations) 

B. Bnse decurrent along petiole 

C. N ervilles 7 or 8 per em 

Ju,glans o1·egon1a.na Lesquereux, 1878, Harvard Coli. Mus. Comp. 

Zoology M:em., v. 6, no. 2, p. 35, pl. 0, fig. 10. · 

Knowlton, 1902, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 204, p. 36. 

SaUaJ vm·ians ·aud. non Goeppert. Heer, 1869 [part], Flora fossilis arctica, v. 2, pt. 2, p. 27, pl. 2, fig. 8. 

Pto·roawrya 1n·ixta auct. non (Knowlton) Brown. Chaney and 

Axelrod, 1959, Carnegie Inst. ·washington Pub. 617, p. 

157, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2. 

Discussion.-The single series of marginal loops, 

evenly spaced secondary veins, and narrowly to broadly triangular evenly spaced teeth indicate that these 

fossils are members of the subgenus Platypterq, of 

Pte1·ocm·ya. Characteristic large winged seeds of 

Platyptera have been· found associated with the leaflets at four localities. 

Comparison of topotypic material indicates that it is 

conspecific with the miocene leaflets cited above from 

conterminous Northwestern United States. Pterocarya 

nigella is most similar to the Oligocene "J'uglans" orientalis MacGinitie from California and Oregon. · The 

latter species, however, has leaflets that are linear and 

have more acuminate apices. 

Oaam-ronae: Seldovian: 8380, 9359, 9845, 9848, 9850, 9856-

9858. Homerian : 9844 '? 

Ilyl)Otypo: USNM 42272. 

BETULACEAE 

The abundance and diversity of foliage of Betulaceae 

is one of the most characteristic aspects of the l(enai 

floras. Fifteen species ~tre discussed and illustrated as 

follows; in addition, Betula papyrifera, B. subl!utea, 

and fragmentary specimens of a. species of Amus are 

also known from the l(enai. Because of this diversity 

of the family a,nd the stratigraphic significance of the 

various species, the following key to the named species 

is presented : 

D. Secondaries 15 or more pairs ____ ..:. ______________________________________________________ Alnus evidoos 

D. Secondaries 12 or less pairs 

JD. Teeth sharP-------------------------------------------------------------·--------· A. capps·i 

1D. Teeth narrowly to broadly rounded 

1! .... Three or less secondary teeth per lobation ______________________________________ A. c01·yl·ina 

P. Some lobations with at least four secondary teeth--------·----------------------- .A. hwa.na 

C. Nervi lies 5 or 6 per em G. Apex abruptly acute ____ .:. ______________________________________________________________ A. bm·nesi 

G. Apex acuminate 

H. Lobntions with or without one secondary tooth on apical side _________________________ A. adttmbrata 

H. Some lobntions with two secondary teeth on apic'al side ____________________________ A .. sahmidtae 
B16 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

A. Leaves with teeth in groups (lobations)-Continued 

B. Base not decurrent along petiole 

I. Lobations rounded in outline 

.J. Teeth apiculate 

K. Teeth narrowly triangular--------------------------------------------------------- Oarpimts alas kana 

K. Teeth broadly triangular __________________________________________________________ 0. seldovia;na 

.J. Teeth not apiculate--------------------------------------------------------------------· 0. cobbi 

I. Lobations triangular in outline 

L. Teeth very extended, secondary veins forking _____________________________________________ Oo1-ylu,s ha-rrimani 

L. Teeth not or only moderately extended, secondary veins, smoothly curving. 

M. Teeth typically reflexed basaEY---------------------------------------------------- 0. chttitensis 

l\f. Teeth typically pointing toward apex 

N. Teeth in central part of margin more than six per secondary vein _________________ Betttla sttbltttea 

N. Teeth in central part of margin six or less per secondary vein _____________________ B. papyrifera 

A. Leaves without lobations 

0. Secondary teeth rounded------------------------------------------------------------------------· A. tairi 

0. Secondary teeth sharp 

P. Secondary teeth spinose--------------------------------------------------------------------· A. healyensis 

P. Secondary teeth triangular------------------------------------------------------------------ A. largd 

Alnus largei (Knowlton) Wolfe, new combination 

Pia te 7, figure 5 ; figure 2 

Betula'! large·i Knowlton, 1926 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 140, p. 34, pl. 17, fig. 2. 

Berry, 1929, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 154, p. 244, pl. 50, 

fig. 12. 

Alntts relatus (Knowlton) Brown, 1937 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 186, p. 170, pl. 49, figs. 3, 4, 6. 

\Volfe, 1964, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 454-N, p. N20, 

pl. 1, fig. 13. 

Pnmus rustii auct. non Knowlton. Berry, 1929, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 154, p. 252, pl. 55, fig. 1. 

Betttla fairii auct. non Knowlton. Brown, 1937 [part], U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 186, p. '171, pl. 47, fig·S. 6, 7. 

Discussion.-On the basis of all foliar features observed, the Alaskan specimens from the Seldovian are 

conspecific with forms from theN orthwest synonymized 

above. Particularly characteristic of Alnus largei are 

the recurved ultimate veinlets, attenuated apex, nunlerous large sharp teeth, and the presence of a subsidiary tooth on the basal flank of the tooth entered by 

the most basal tertiary branch of each secondary vein. 

The last feature may not be present in the apical part 

of the leaf but is in the basal half. Late Miocene specimens referred to A. relatus (Chaney and Axelrod, 1959, 

p. 159) lack the subsidiary 'tooth, have narrowly 

rounded teeth, and the craspedodrome veins enter the 

teeth along the apical side; considering these differences, 

these speci1nens are here excluded from A. largei. 

The epithet "relatus," originally applied to Phyllites 

relatus ICnowlton (1926, p. 48, pl. 28, fig. 8), has been 

widely used by several authors for alder leaves of the A. 

largei-type. The type of P. relatus is poorly preserved 

and fragmentary; the ultimate venation, the marginal 

area in the lower half of the leaf, and the base are 

lacking. P. 1·elatus is, therefore, considered to be a 

nomen nudum. Even if the epithet were considered 

valid, ICnow lton's Betula largei would be the senwr 

synonym. 

Occurrence: Seldovian: 9850, 9856, 9864. 

Hypotypes: USNM 42211, 42273. 

FIGURE 2.-Venation of A.lntts largei (Knowl.) Wolfe. USNl\1 422'73, 

locality 9850. A) X 24. B) X 5. 
PLANTS Bl7 

Alnus fairi (Knowlton) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 7, f1g1.u·e 3; figure 3 

Bctnla. fa:i.rii Knowlton, 1!)26, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

1.40, p. 33, pl. 17, fig. 4. 

Ccla.:::t·rns tc·rnqu:ist·i Knowlton, 1926, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 1.40, p. 44, pl. 28, fig. 2. 

Jlln'l/.s 1J?"C·rhmn1J·ifolia, Berry, 1929, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

Hi4, p. 244, pl. 50. tig. 11. 

Ctlii'J)in:itcs t·rnnca.t~ts· Hollick, 1036, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

1.82, p. 85, pl. 49, fig. 2. 

001'JJl'lt8 uw.cqna·1Ti'l auct. non (.JI'orbes) Beer. Beer, 1'869 [part], 

]!"'Lora fossilis Aln slm na, p. 29, pl. 4, fig. 6. 

Bctnla. p·risoa auct. non JD.ttingshausen. Beer, 1869, Flora fossilis Alasknna, p. 28, pl. 5, figs. 3, 6. 

Dismtssion.-l'he type speci1nens of Betula fairi have 

narrowly rounded subsidiary teeth, broad prin1ary teeth, 

and ultimate veinlets that typically branch once or 

twice. These specimens a.re, therefore, not Bet~tla leaves 

but are those of .tlln~tS. The specimens referred to B. 

ja'l:'ri by Chaney and Axelrod (1959, p. 160) have sharp 

teeth nnd a slutrp a.pical bend of the secondary veins on 

entet·ing the teeth; on the basis of these characters, 

Chaney ~tnd Axelrod's specimens are indeed Bet~tla. 

Another characteristic of A. fa:i/ri is the broadly acute 

n.pex, which contrasts with the attenmtted apex of A. 

la.1··gei. 

Ocowrrcnoc: Seldovinn: 9365, 9858. 

JlypOt1JpC: USNM 36994, 42210, 42274. 

A 

l''IGUHI•; 3.-Vcnntion of .tllnlts {a.iri (Knowl.) Wolfe. A, 

USN.l\I 42274, locality 7875 (Lntnh Formation) x 24. 

H, USNM 36fHH ( Lntnh Formation), holotype of Gela.stru..q 

fcrnqwisti X 5. 

Alnus healyensis Wolfe, new .. name 

Plate 7, figure 4; figure 4 

Artoca:rt)i(l·itm~ aJaska.n~tm Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 108, pl. 59, fig. 5. 

Qtwrons ore[Joniana. auct. non Knowlton. Hollick, 1936, U.S. 

Geol. Survey PI'Of. Paper 182, p. 103, pl. 50, fig. 5. 

S~tJJplenl-entary description.-Leaves simple pinnate; 

shape oval to obovate; base cuneate, decurrent along 

petiole; apex acuminate; length 3.8-9.1 em; width 1.7-

4.5 em; 8-11 pairs of irregularly spaced secondary 

veins, departing at an angle of 20°-70°; straight to 

broadly convex, craspedodrome; giving off two or three 

craspedrome tertiary branches basally; nervilles arcuate, percurrent on the apical side of a secondary but 

not percurrent on the basal side; areoles about 1.0 mm 

across, irregularly polygonal, intruded by twice- or 

thrice-branching thin veinlets; margin serrate to dentate; primary teeth broadly triangular, often reflexed 

basally; secondary teeth small, sharp; petiole at least 

0.5 em long. 

Discussion.-Some of the Latah specimens referred to 

Alnus relata possess very sharp (almost spinose) small 

c 

FIGURE 4.-Venation of Alntts hca.lyensis Wolfe. USNM 42209, locality 

9850. A, X 7. B, X 5. 0, X 24. 
f. 

B18 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

and recurved secondary teeth and large areoles intruded 

by ulti1nate veinlets that branch once or, more typically, 

twice. In addition, these specimens lack a subsidiary 

tooth on the basal flank of lower secondary teeth. 

Thus, these specimens are readily distinguished from 

typical A. largei but are similar to one of the specimens 

described by Hollick as Artocarpidiurn alaskanum. 

Because the epithet "alaskana" has been previously 

applied to Alnus, the new epithet "healyensis" Is 

proposed. 

Occurrence: Seldovian : 9365, 9845, 9850, 9856, 9858, 9937. 

Lectotype: USNM 38900. 

HypotyJJes: USNM 38851,42209. 

. Alnus evidens (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 5, figures 3, 4; figure 5 

Corylus evhlens Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey ProL Paper 

182,p. 86,pl.49,fig.3. 

Discussion.-Three species allied to the Recei1t Alnus 

incana, as well as A. incana itself, are represented in the 

l(enai Formation. The stratigraphic relation of the 

two Seldovian species of this phy lad are not certainly 

known, although the rest of the flora as well as the 

morphologic characters of A. cappsi indicate that it is 

intermediate between A. evidens and the Homerian A. 

corylina. In the Clamgulchian, the phylad is represented by A. inc ana. 

A species related to Alnus evide1ns occurs in 0 ligocene 

rocks on Sitkinak Island and in the Gulf of Alaska 

coastal section. This species may be conspecific with 

A. alaslcana Newb., originally described from the 

Oligocene of Admiralty Island; Newberry's type speciInen is poorly preserved, and the other Oligocene specimens in hand are referred to A. sp., cf. A. alaska.na 

pending description and designation of an adequate 

type. This Oligocene species has a consistently cordate 

base, closely spaced secondary veins, and the teeth are 

of equal size without grouping into lobations. 

Leaves of A. evidens are typically asymmetric and 

have a broadly rounded or cordate base and an acuminate apex. The teeth are triangular and of nearly 

equal size, although they are grouped as lobations. The 

number of secondary teeth is typically two or three, although on the enlarged part of asymmetric laminae, 

four teeth may be present; on the basal size of the lowest 

secondary tooth on some lobations, a subsidiary tooth 

may be present. 

The leaves of A. cappsi are simila-r to those of A. 

evidens in shape of lamina, number of secondary teeth, 

and presence of a subsidiary tooth. The lobations of 

A. cappsi are, however, n1ore pronounced, the primary 

tooth being considerably larger than the secondary 

tooth. In addition, the lobations have a more rounded 

outline, an extreme forn1 of which is illustrated (pl. 8, 

figs. 1, 4). In number of secondary veins, the two 

species are also readily distinguished: A. evidens typically has at least 15 pairs, and A. cappsi has 12 or less 

pairs. 

Rounding of the lobations is even more conspicuous 

in leaves of A. corylina, and this apparently led the 

artist who illustrated the types to ignore the small secondary teeth. On some specimens, the secondary teeth 

are considerably reduced in relation to the primary 

teeth, and the primary teeth are typically rounded. In 

the two older species, the leaves typically lack a tooth 

on the apical side of the primary teeth, although this 

tooth is more common in A. cap psi than in A. e1.Jidens. 

In A. corylilna this apical subsidiary tooth is almost 

always present. 

In leaves of A. inc ana of Clamgulchian and Recent 

age, the lobations are even more deeply incised. The 

apical sides of the primary teeth consistently have at 

least one and typically two subsidiary teeth, particularly 

on lobations at the widest part of the laminae. The 

leaf bases of A. incana tend to be rounded to acute, as 

opposed to the rounded to cordate shape of leaf bases of 

A. corylina. In addition, the typical leaf shape is oval 

in A. incamabut is ovate in A. corylina. 

Occurrence: Seldovian: 8380?, 9359, 9364, 9761, 9863?, 9865?, 

9866,9887. 

Hypoty]Jes: USNM 42275, 42276. 

1!-.IGURE 5.-Venation of Aln-us cvidet!Js 

(Holl.) Wolfe. USNM 38844, locality 

3517 (Kukak Bay). X 5. 
PLANTS Bl9 

Alnus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plnte 6, figures 1, 4; plate 7, fl~ures 2, 6; figure 6 

Ora,tncrrns oa,pps'i H~llicii:, 1936; U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182, p. 86, pl. 49, fig. 3. 

A.l-nns Uj,insl,;,ia,r3 Vcheraslmjaja, 1964, Paleontologicheskii Zhurnnl, Aknd. Nauk SSSR, no. 3, p. 96, pl. 11, fig. 1; text fig. 1. 

Crntacrrns rtnwilcns auct. non MacGinitie. Chaney and Axelrod, 

1D59 [part], p. 184, pl. 37, fig. 2. 

Discussion.-The fragmentary type illustrated by 

Vcherashn:jaja as A.ln'l.tS ilj1:n-8lciae is from Oligocene or 

early :Miocene beds .in the Aldan River basin of eastern 

Siberia; considering the stratigraphic distribution of 

A .. CCtJILJSi, the age of these beds is probably Miocene. 

Vcherashnjaja also pointed out that the ~1ascall speciJnen of 01''Cttaeg'l.t8 gracilens is conspecific with her species, which is here considered a junior synonymn of A. 

cap psi. 

Oocn'rrcn.oc: Seldovian: (1063, 9365, 9846, 9858, 9867, 9937. 

.llypot1mcs: U SNM 42205, 42206, 42259, 42260. 

Alnus c.orylina Knowlton and Cockerell 

Plate (i, figures 2, 5; figure 7 

J.l.l'lli/M; OO'I'1JUnn Knowlton and Coclwrell, 1919, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. (i!)(i, p. G3. 

A.lnm,.'!/ 00'1'1Jl'ifoUa T.1esquereux, 1883, U.S. Natl. l\lus. Proc., v. 5, 

p. 446, pl. 7, figs. 1-4. 

Qu.c,rou,s (la,zu Lesque.reux, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 5, p. 446, pl. 

8, figs. 2-5. 

Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 103, pl. 

52, fig. 4. 

00?'1Jl1t,s ((,(Z,nntlYrata Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p. 86, pl. 47, fig. 6; pl. 49, figs. 5, 6. 

]i'((,gu,I:J alniUJoUa Hollick, 193(i, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182, p. 97, pl. 52, fig. 5a. 

Bct11.la, P'l'ii:Jcn auct. non Ettingshausen. Hollick, 193(i [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 91, pl. 52, fig. 2. 

B 

FIOUREl (i.-Venntlon of Al1~tts cappsi (Holl.) Wolfe. A, USNM 42205. 

B, USNl\1 42259. Locality 9365. X 4. 

Q1wrcns ola,fsc11/i auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 99, pl. 52, fig. 3. 

Q'~tm·cus stcenstnwinna auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 (part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 100, pl. 52, fig. 5b. 

A.lmts hnt'ncynna, Chaney and Axelrod, 1959 (part], Carnegie 

Inst. Washington Pub. 617, p. 158, pl. 21, figs. 4-9. 

Discussion.-A.lthough Lesquereux's illustrations of 

the types of Quercus dalli show leaves that have apparently sin1ple lobations, the types themselves ha,ve secondary teeth similar to the specimens illustrated here. 

Such conlpomlC"!JY serrate leaves a.re found in Betulaceae 

but not in Fagaceae. Leaves of Alnus are 1nost si1nilar 

to the fossils in having a cordate base decurrent along 

the petiole and rotmded lobations. . 

Specimens recently described as Alnus ha1-neyana display the same rounded lobations and blunt primary 

teeth as A. corylina. In all other details observed, A. 

harneyana and A. corylina are conspecific. 

Oocun·enoe: Homerian: 4129-4131, 9361, 9844, 9851, 9852 'l, 

9853, 986~. 

Hypotypes: USNM 42207,42208. 

Alnus barnesi Wolfe, n. sp. 

· Plate 5, figure 5, 7 ; figure 8 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly 

oval to ovate; base cordate, asymmetric, decurrent along 

petiole; apex abruptly acute; length 3.5 to (estimated) 

B 

A 

FIGUREJ 7.-Venation of Alnus corylina and A. incana. A-0, A. 

corylina Knowl. and Cock.,_ USNl\1 42207, locality 9844; D, A. 

htcnnn (L) Moench, USGS refel'ence collection 886. A, D, 

X 5. B, X 10. C, X 8. 
B20 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

8.0 em; width 3.0-7.2 em; 8-13 pairs of secondary veins, 

departing at an angle of 40°-90°, broadly convex to 

straight, giving off one of three craspedodrome tertia.ry 

branches basally, craspedodrome; nervilles percurrent, 

branching, uniformly spaced; areoles irregularly polygonal, about 0.4 mm across, intruded by once- or twicebranching veinlets; margin finely serrate with groups 

of teeth for1ning lobations; typically without any secondary teeth on apical side of lobation, but rarely one is 

present; teeth mirrow ly or typically broadly rounded; 

petiole at least 2.0 em. long. 

Disc.ussian.-Representatives of three species related 

to the extant Alnus cri.spa have been found in the I(enai 

For1nation. 'Dhe oldest of these, A. barnesi, is known 

from two localities in the Seldovian, a.nd even there it 

is poorly represented. The characters that distinguish 

A. barnesi from the I-Iomerian A. adu1nbrata are : ( 1) 

The abruptly acute apex in the older species and th~ 

acuminate apex in A. adumbrata, ( 2) the typical lack of 

a subsidiary tooth on the apical sides of the ·primary 

teeth in A. barnesi, and ( 3) the more deeply incised 

lobations in A. adun&brata. The last two differences can 

probably be correlated with each other; that is, on the 

apical side of a deep:ly incised lobation there is room for 

a subsidiary tooth. One specimen of A. barnesi also has 

considerably blunter teeth than any specimen of the 

more abundant A. adun~brata, but most speci1nens of the 

two species overlap in tllis feature. 

The Clamgulchian Alnus schmidtae is intermediate 

in foliar characters between A. adumbrata and A. 

crispa. In A. adwmbrata, the four most apical lobations laok secondary teeth, but in A. schmidtae and A. 

crispa secondary teeth are present. The laminar shape 

in both A. adumbrata and A. schmidtae is oval; it is 

typically ovate in the Recent species. All three species 

have at least one apical subsidiary tooth, although in 

some specimens of A. sch~idtae and A. crispa subsp. 

sinuata, two apical subsidiary teeth are present. A. 

adti/Jnbrata lacks subsidiary teeth on the basal sides of 

the secondary teeth, but these are present in A. 

sclwnidtae and A. crispa. Perhaps the most conspicuous difference between A. crispa and all the older species 

of its phylad is in the nervilles: although the nervilles 

anastomose and branch in the older species, they are of 

uniform strength throughout their course. In A. 

crispa, the nervilles, particularly those in the basal 

third of the lamina, thin conspicuously in the center of 

the intercostal area. 

Hulten (1944, p. 587) considered A. sinuata to be a 

subspecies of· the more widely distributed A. crisp a. 

fie noted, however, that the two subspecies may have 

different topographic ranges and ecologic requirements. 

My observations in the Chitina River valley and adjacent 'Vrangell Mountains coincide with those of Gorman (in Hulten, 1944, p. 589) : A crispa is confined to 

th higher altitudes ( 1,700 ft and above) and drier 

ground; A. sinuata is found at lower altitudes and is 

most common on the bottomlands of the Chitina River 

and its tributa,ries. The more elongate teeth, deeply 

cordate base, consistent presence of two apical subsidiary teeth, and more numerous subsidia,ry teeth on 

the basal sides of the secondary teeth are features that 

are probably of specific rank. It seems probaihle that 

the two species or subspecies were both derived from 

A. schmidtae in the latest Neogene. 

This species is named in recognition of the notable 

contributions made by F. F. Barnes to the geology of 

the Cook Inlet region. 

Oacu,J-rence: Seldovian: 9937, 9845, 988fl. 

Holotype: USNM 42202, 42277. 

·F'IGURE 8.-Venation of Alnus barnesi Wolfe. A, 

USNl\f 42202; B, UiSNl\f 42277; locality 9845. X 5. 
PLANTS B21 

Alnus adumbrata (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Figure 9. 

Oo·r1Jl·ns admnbmta Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p. 86, pl. 49,'fig. 7. 

Oo·r1Jlu,s lwnalana Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182, p. 87, pl. 45, figs. 1-3a; pl. 46, figs. 1b-5; pl. 47, 

figs. 1-5. 

OtM'JJi'/W.s fl1'0:IuUs auct. non Unger. Hollick, 1936 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 84, pl. 49, fig. 1. 

Oo·r1Jl1i-8 amm··icwna tossilis a.uct. non Newberry. Hollick, 1936 

[ptu,t], U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pape.r 182, p. 86, pl. 45, 

fig. 3b ; pl. 48, figs. 1, 2. 

JJctu,la m·isca nuct. non Ettingsbausen. Hollick, 1936 [part], 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 91, pl. 50, fig. 3a. 

A.l·nus cor1Jlhl.a, nuct. non Knowlton and Cockerell. Hollick, 

1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 93, pl. 46, 

fig. 1n ; pl. 49, figs. 8, 9; pl. 50, fig. 1. 

Ul-lnms bm·e(tlis auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Pn.per 182, p. 106, pl. 57, figs. 1, 2. 

Dismtssion.-All the above items intergrade morphologically and are here considered to be synonymous. 

Alnus adulmbrata has leaves that are typically strongly 

cordate and asymmetric, although as characteristic of 

Alnu,s, the lamina is decurrent along the petiole. 

Occu;ITence: Homerian: 4130, 5821, 9361, 9844 ?, 9851, 9853, 

9868 . 

.lfmJotmw: USNM 38831, 38832. 

B 

A C 

FIGURID 0.-,Vcnation of Alntta a!ltt1nbmta (Holl.) Wolfe. A, C, USNM 

38832. JJ, USNM 38831, locallty 5821. A, B, X 5. C, X 10. 

Alnus schmidtae Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 5, figure 1 ; figure 10 

Oo·r1Jl1ts lllacQu.an·Unuct. non (Forbes) Heer. Heer, 1869 [part], 

]..,lot•n fossilis nlaskana, p. 29, pl. 3, fig. 9; pl. 4, figs. 1-4. 

796-7192 0-66----3 

Alnu,s lcefersteintii auct. non Goeppert. Heer, 1869 [part], Flora 

fossilis alaskana, p. 28, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly 

oval to ovate; base cordate to broadly rounded, asymmetric, decurrent along petiole; apex acuminate; length 

3.2-10.4 em; width 1.6-7.7 em; 10-15 pairs of uniformly 

spaced secondary veins, departing at an angle of 40°-

900, straight to broadly convex, giving off two or three 

prominent craspedodrome tertiaries basally, craspedodrome; nervilles 'Percurrent, branching, uniformly 

spaced; aeroles irregularly polygonal, about 0.4 mm 

across, intruded hy once or twice_ibranching veinlets; 

margin finely serrate with groups of teeth forming 

FIGURE 10.-Venation of Alntts schmidtae and A. crispa. A, A. schmidtae Wolfe, USNM 42203, locality 9862. B, A. crispa (Pursh) Alt., 

USGS reference collection 8~4. X 5. 
B22 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

lobations; in widest part of leaf typically two secondary 

teeth on apical side of lobation;· teeth narrowly rounded 

to bro"adly triangular; petiole at least 1.5 em long. 

Discussion.-Heer's figures cited above do not show 

secondary teeth on the apical side of the lobations. 

Specimens from the same stratigraphic interval that 

were collected in 1955, however, do have these teeth; 

their lack in Hem·'s somewhat crude drawings is prdbnbly not signific-ant. 

I take pleasure in naming this species for R. A. M. 

Schmidt, who has assisted in the collection of the l(enai 

flora. 

Occll'I'J'ence: Clamgulchian : 9360, 9855, 9859, 9860, 9862. 

Holotype: USNM 42203. 

ParatyzJe: USNM 42204. 

Carpinus cappsensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 6, figure 3; figure 11, A-0 

Co1·ylus macquan·ii auct. non (Forbes) Heer. Knowlton, 1904, 

Harriman Alaskan Expecl., p. 153. 

A.lnus corylifolia auct. non Lesquereux. Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan Exped., p. 155. 

Description.-Leaves, simple, pinnate; shape oval; 

base deeply cordate; apex acuminate; length 3.5 to ( estiA 

mated) 11 em; width 2.1-5.0 em; 14-16 pairs of regularly spaced secondary veins, departing at an angle of 

50°-90°, straight to broadly convex, craspedodrome, 

giving off two to five pairs of craspedodrome tertiaries 

basally ; nervilles closely spaced, branching, percurrent; areoles quadrangular or pentagonal, intruded by 

unbranching or once-branching veinlets; margin compoundly serrate, with lobations rounded in outline; 

five or six teeth per lobation at widest part of lamina, 

typically with one tooth on apical side of lobation; 

teeth broadly triangular and pronouncedly apiculate. 

Discussion.-Oarpinus eappsen;sis is closely related 

to 0. seldoviana, and superficially some spechnens of 

the two species appear identical. The presence of apical teeth on the lobations, and the conspicuously apiculate teeth in 0. cappsensis are constant a.nd distinguishing features. 

The apical teeth are probably an ancestral character 

in this phy lad; these teeth are present in middle or 

late Oligocene specimens of a closely related species 

from Sitkinak Island. 

Occurrence: Seldovian : 8380, 9359, 9364, 9845, 9846, 9864? 

Holotype: USNM 42213; 

Pa1·atypes: USNM 30185, 30189. 

c 

FIGURE H.-Venation of uarpinttB. A-U, U. cappsensis Wolfe USN.l\i 42213, locality 9845. D, G. seldov·iana Wolfe, 

USNM 42212, locality !)858. E, G. cobbi Wolfe, USNl\:l 42214, locality 9361. A, D, E, X 5. B, X 3. 0, 

X 10. 
PLANTS B23 

Carpinus seldoviana Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 6, figure(); figure llD 

001'1Jl'tt,s MacQ,nwr,rU auct. uon (Forbes) Heer. Heer, 1869 

[part], Ji'""lora fossilis alnslmna, p. 30, pl. 4, figs. 6-8. 

Desc'riJJtion.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly 

oval to obovate asymmetric; base deeply cordate; apex 

acuminate; length 6.0-10.0 em, with 4.8-9.2 em; 12-22 

pairs of uniformly spaced secondary veins, departing 

at an angle of 40°-130°, broadly convex or straight, 

giving off two to four craspedodrome tertiary branches 

b:1saJly, craspedodrome; nervilles closely spaced, 

branching, percurrent; areoles quadrangular or pentagonal, intruded by unbranching or once-branching 

veinlet:s; margin uniformly and compoundly serrate, 

with broadly apiculate teeth. 

D't8C'ltssion.-Oa1•1Jinus seldoviana is most simila,r to 

the extant 0. e1·osa Blume, which has leaves with a 

cord::tte base and apiculate teeth somewhat similar to 

the fossils. Leaves of the two species differ in the more 

numerous a:.1d closely spaced secondaries of the fossils. 

OoOUiiTC'IWC: Seldovian : 9856, 9858. 

Holot1J1JC: USNM 42212. 

Carpinus cobbi Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 6, figure 7; figure llE 

;lln,ns alasl.:am,a auct. non Newberry. Hollicl\:, 1936 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, pl. 51, fig. 8. 

Desc1·i7Jtion.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape broadly 

oval; base deeply cordate; apex acuminate; length 7.2-

12.0 em, width 5.0-7.5 em; 12-16 pairs of secondary 

veins, departin,g at an angle of 40°-110°, broadly convex, giving off two or three craspedodrome tertiary 

branches basally, craspedodrome; nervilles closely 

spaced, branching, percurrent; areoles quadrangular or 

pentagonal; intruded by unbranching or once-branching veinlets; margin compot1ndly serrate t:o dentate, 

with primary teeth broadly apiculate and secondaries 

narrowly to broadly triangular; petiole at least 3.0 em 

long. 

Discussion.-Although len.ves of Oa?'JJin'ltS cobbi 

closely resemble those of 0. seldoviana, there are significa,nt differences. Leaves of the latter species have teeth 

of about equal size and shape, and the teeth are typically 

serrate. 0. cobbi has teeth that are very unequal in 

siz~ and shape, and many of the teeth are dentate. 

0. seldovia11W, also has a more deeply cordate base, and 

most of the specimens have more numerous secondaries. 

0a?•JJin'll8 cobbi is named for E. H. Cobb, in recognition of his valuable contributions to the geology of the 

J:Iomer district. 

OocmTC'IWC: Homeri11n: 4130, 9361. 

HolotyJlO: USNM 42214. 

Corylus harrimani Knowlton 

Figure 12A 

Goryltts harrimani Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan Exped., 

p. 154, pl. 23, fig. 1. 

Got·yltts? palaohei Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan Exped., 

p. 154, pl. 22, fig. 2 ; pl. 28, fig. 1. 

Pterospennites rnagnifolia Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan 

Exped., p. 156, pl. 31. 

PtC1'0SJJermUes ala,skana Knowlton, 1904, Harriman Alaskan 

Exped., p. 156, pl. 26, fig. 2 ; pl. 32. 

Gmtaegus alaskensis Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, p. 125, pl. 71, fig. 5. 

Discussion.-All the specimens united above have the 

same tendency towards irregular and forking secondary 

venation, very apiculate teeth, and a typically rounded 

base. The very large specimens described as Oorylus 

harrimani and Pterospermites are probably leaves from 

sucker shoots, whereas the specimens described as 0. ~ 

palachei are more typical of the species. 

Occurrence: Seldovian: 8380?, 9359. 

Hypotype: USNM 30069. 

Corylus chuitensis Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 5, figures 2, 6 ; figure 12B 

Bettltla oonfttsa la-ta Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182, p. 91, pl. 52, fig. 1. 

Description.-Leaves simple, pinnate; shape oval; 

base broadly rounded to cordate; apex acuminate; 

length 3.2-11.1 em; width 2.7-7.5 em; 10-13 pairs of 

secondaries, departing at an angle of 40°-90°, straight 

to broadly convex, craspedodrome, giving off one to four 

craspedodrome tertiary branches basally; nervilles 

branching, percurrent; margin compoundly serrate, 

with 6-15 teeth per secondary at widest part of lamina; 

primary teeth broadly triangular and apiculate or narB 

FIGURE 12.-Venation of Ooryltts. A, 0. harrimani Knowlton, USNM 

30069. B, 0. chttitensis Wolfe, USNM 42258, locality 9844. X 5. 
B24 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

row ly rounded; subsidiary teeth broadly triangular and 

apiculate; petiole at least 2.0 em long. 

Discussion.-Leaves of Oorylus chuitensis are similar 

to the leaves o:f 0. harrimani, and the two species are 

probably related phylogenetically. 0. chuitensis differs 

:from the l~tter species by having more regular secondary venation, a more rounded and typically cordate 

ba8e, and less apiculate teeth. Moreover, 0. chuitensis 

lacks subsidiary teeth on the apical side o:f the primary 

teeth. 

Occurrence: Homerian : 5820, 9361, 9844, 9868. 

Holotype: USNM 42257. · 

Paratype: USNM 42258,38862. 

M:ENISPERM:ACEAE 

Cocculus auriculata (Heer) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 7, figure 1 

Hedera auriculata Heer, 1869, Flora fossilis arctica, v. 2, no. 2, 

p. 36, pl. 9, fig. 6. 

Populu.s heteromorp·ha Knowlton, 1926, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper ·140, p. 30, pl. 12, figs. 8-10; !pl. 13, figs. 1-7; pl. 14, 

figs. 1-3; pl. 15, figs. 3-5. 

Cocculus hoteromorpha (Knowlton) Brown, 1946, W-ashington 

Acad. Sci. Jour., v. 36, p. 352. (See synonymy.) 

Tanai, 1961, Hokkaido Univ. Fac. Sci. Jour., ser. IV, p. 

324, pl. 21, fig. 7. -

Discussion.-Comparisons -between leaves of H edera 

auriculata :from the beds near Seldovia with leaves of 

Oocculus heterom.orpha ·:from several localities in the 

conterminous United States indicate that the two 

groups are conspecific. The specimens from the Miocene 

of Japan do not show any :features distinguishing them 

:from 0. auriculata. Thus, a probable distribution 

around the shores of the North Pacific is indicated for 

0. auriculata during the early and middle Miocene. 

Several leaves o:f Oocculru8 (J!Uriculata are also present 

in a small collection :from the coal-bearing formation of 

the Alaska Range. 

Occurr()'Ylce: Seldovian: 9856, 9858. 

Hypotyp·e: USNM 42278. 

ROSACEAE 

Spiraea hopkinsi Wolfe, n. sp. 

Plate 8, figure 2 

UZm1.t8 so11,bifolia auct. non Goeppert. Hollick, 1936 [.part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey .Prof. Paper 182, p. 106, pl. 57, figs. 4, 5. 

Description.-Lea£ compound, pinnate; terminal 

leaflets broadly ovate; petiolule 2.0 em long; lateral 

leaflets narrowly ovate, 3.5-9.5 em long; 2.0-3.0 em 

wide; base asymmetric, cuneate; apex acuminate; 17-

24 patrs of broadly convex to straight secondary veins 

departing at an angle of 50°-70°, giving off typically 

three tertiary veins ·'basally; secondaries and tertiaries 

craspedodrome; nervilles obcurrent, :forming chevrons 

pointing toward. margin; numerous intersecondaries, 

parallel to secondaries; margin compoundly serrate, 

with sharp, narrowly triangular teeth,· Y-shaped 

sinuses, conspicuous subsidiary tooth on apical side of 

primary tooth; apetiolulate: 

Discussion.-This :foliage is one of the most characteristic and easily recognizable types in the Homerian. 

Spiraea hopkinsi closely resembles the extant S. 

lindleyana Wall. in all major features o:f the leaflets. In 

detail, however, the two species differ considerably in 

the nature o:f the nervilles, which are perclirrent in S. 

lindleifana, and in the relationship of the teeth and 

sinuses. In the extant form, the sinuses appear as simple slits rather than being Y-shaped as in the :fossils. 

This species is named in recognition o:f the invaluable 

assistance D. M. Hopkins has rendered to the study of 

the Kenai flora. 

Occurrence: Homeri•an : 4129, 4131, 9361, 9366, 9844, 9853, 

9868. 

Holotyp·e: USNM 42225. 

Paratype: USNM 42226. 

Spiraea weaveri Hollick 

Plate 8, figure 4 

Spiraea weaveri Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, 

p. 124, pl. 70, fig. 7. 

Discussion.-The generic reference or' Hoilick's type 

seems to be valid. The more recent collections :from the 

Homer section contain an abunda~ce of Spiraea weaveri, 

and at several localities leaves of this species represent 

more than 90 percent of the fossils collected. The range 

of variation in regard to number o:f teeth and secondary 

veins is considerable. The specimens :from Houston, 

Alaska, are questionably referred to this species, for 

they have consistently small and few teeth and may 

represent an ancestral form. 

Spiraea rwea'veri is closely related to an extant Alaskan species, S. beauverdiana Schn. Leaves o:f the latter 

species differ by having acute sinuses, whereas the 

sinuses inS. weaveri are typically narrowly arcuate. 

Occurrence: Seldovian: 9365. Homerian : 4131, 9361, 9366, 

9851, 9853. Clamgulchian : 9855. 

Hypotype: USNM 42222. 

LEGUM:INOSAE 

Cladrastis japonica (Tanai and Suzuki) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 8, figure 3 

Nyssa japonica Tanai and Suzuki, 1963, Tertiary floras of 

Japan: Miocene floras, p. 146, pl. 24, figs. 1, 2, 5. 

Cladra8tis aniensis Huzioka, 1963, Tertiary floras of Japan: 

Miocene floras, p. 205, pl. 35, figs. 5, 6. 

Tanai and Suruki, 1963, Tertiary floras of Japan: Miocene 

floras, p. 132, pl. 23, figs. 1, 7. 
PLANTS B25 

Jlfagnolia tn·iocenica auct. non 'Hu and Chaney. Tanai and Suzuki, 1963, Terti'ary floras of Japan: Miocene floras, p. 146 

[part], pl. 24, fig. 5. 

Dismtssion.-All the specimens on which the above 

citations are based have several characters in common : 

a broadly oval shape; acute to narrowly rounded base; 

narrowly rounded apex; 11-14 pairs of parallel secondary veins that, at the base, typically have a conea ve 

curvature towards the base; widely spaced percurrent 

nervi lies; camptodrome secondary veins that loop close 

to the margin; one series of tertiary loops; an entire 

margin; and short (less than 0.2 em) petiolules. In 

Nyssa and particularly in N. aq1.~;atica with which N. 

:ia1Jonica was compared, the leaves typically have apetiole more than 2 em long, widely spaced and undulating 

secondary veins, and, at least two series of tertiary loops. 

All the variations shown by the Japanese material can 

be matched in a suite of leaves from locality 9844. Although the· epithet "aniensis" is cited on page 132 of 

Tanai and Suzuki ( 1963), the epithet is not validated 

until page 205 of IIuzioka ( 1963). The epithet "japonica" thus takes priority because it was first validated 

on page 146 of Tanai and Suzuki (1963). 

Olail/rastis japonwa resembles the extant 0. l!utea in 

shape of leaflets and gross venation pattern. The prinlary difference between the two species is in the ultimate venation; the areoles in O.lutea leaflets are 0.4-0.5 

mm across and are intruded by unbranching or oncebranching veinlets. The Chuitna River specimens of 

0. ,ia]Jonica have areoles that are 0.5-0.7 mm across and 

are intruded by once- or twice-branching veinlets. 

Ocmtt•t·encc: Seldovian : 9845. Homerian : 9361?, 9844. 

lTY1JOtype: USNM 42223. 

ACERACEAE 

Acer ezoanum Oishi and Huzioka 

Plate 8, figure 6 

A.cc·1' czomw.m Oishi and Huzioka, 1943, Hoklmido Imperial 

Univ, Fac. Sci. .Jour., ser. 4, v. 7, p. 89, pl. 10, figs. 1-4; 

pl. 11, figs. 1-4; pl. 12, 1ig. 2. 

Tnnai nncl Suznld, 1960, Hokkaiclo Univ. Fac. Sci. Jour., 

ser. 4, v. 10, p. 556, pl. 1, figs. 1, 2; pl. 2, figs. 1, 2; pl. 3, 

figs. 1-4; pl. 9, figs. 20-25. (See synonymy.) 

Disc~tSsion.-The occurrence of Ace1· ezoanu1n in 

Alaska is noteworthy because of its common occurrence 

.in early and middle ~1iocene floras in Japan. ~1any of 

the Japanese fossils referred to this species have been 

described and illustrated, and the Alaskn.n material falls 

well within the ranges of variation ascribed to A. 

ezoant~t;1n. Many of the Aaskan leaves have rudimentary sixth and seventh lobes, but some of the Japanese 

specin1ens figured by Tanai and Suzuki also have this 

feature. 

Ocmwrcncc: Seldovinn : 9848, !)858. 

ll?J1JOtypc: USNM 42224. 

CORNACEAE 

Cornus sp. 

Plate 8, figure 1 

Disoossion.-The l{enai fossils may be conspecific 

with Tanai's N eolitsea japonioa (Tanai, 1961, p. 337), 

but neither his figure nor description are adequate for 

comparison. The Kenai material is not Lauraceae, as 

indicated by the thin obcurrent nervilles. The profusely branching, freely ending veinlets, numerous in:. 

tersecondaries, few secondaries, and nervilles typically 

perpendicular to the midrib indicate a close relationship to several extant species of.OoTnus. 

Occttrrence: Homerian : 9361, 9844, 9868. 

Specimen: USNM 42221. 

ERICACEAE 

Rhododendron weaveri (Hollick) Wolfe, new combination 

Plate 8, figures 7, 8 

Lepargy1·aea weaveri Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182; p. 155, pl. 93, fig. 5. 

Benzoin wntiquu,m auct. non Beer. H'Ollick, 1936 [part], U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 110, pl. 65, fig. 5. 

D~8cussion.-The holotype of Rhododendron weaveri 

is not well preserved, but from its characteristics, it 

appears to be conspecific with the material of Rhododendron from the Chuitna River Homerian. On the 

basis of the often obovate shape, high angle of departure 

of the secondary veins, and the uniformly conspi~uous 

secondary loops, R. weaveri is referrable to the subgenus. 

Azalea. 

The fossil species most similar to Rhododendron 

~veaveri is "V accinium" sophoroides (Berry) Brown 

from the middle Miocene Latah Form·ation of Washington. The Alaskan leaves are typically more linear and 

have more numerous secondaries than V. sophoroides, 

which should be referred to Rhododendron. 

Occurre'nce: Homerian: 4131, 9844, 9853. 

Hyptotype8: USNM 42227,42228. 

Vaccinium homerensis Wolfe, new name 

Plate 8, figure 5 

G1·cvillea ala8kana Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

182, p. 111, pl. 30, figs. 3--5 . 

Elaeocarp1t8 ala8ken8i8 Hollick, 1936, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 182, 1}. 143, pl. 80, fig. 5. 

Benzo·in antiqmtm auct. non Heer. Hollick, 1936 [part], u.s: 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 182, p. 119, pl. 65, figs. 2-4. 

Discussion.-The irregularity of secondary venation, 

presence of some nervilles that parallel the midrib, and 

coriaceous texture indicate that these leaves are representatives of either Ledum or V accinium~ In the former 

genus, the leaves have a pronounced marginal roll toward the underside, but this character is lacking in the 
B26 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

fossils. Hence, these fossils are transferred .to V acciniu'ln. 

The epithet alasken.su, an orthographic variant of 

alas kana, has been used previously in V accinium; hence 

a new nam.e is proposed. 

Occttrrence: Homerian: 4131, 5821, 9361, 9844, 9853. 

Jiypotype: USNM 42229. 

FOSSIL-PLANT LOCALITIES 

Description of some fossil-plant localities in the Ohiokaloon 

Jt'ormation 

USGS Paleobotany locality Description of locality, collector, and year (if known) 

5892 _________ Lat 61 °40.3' N., long 149°03.5' W. North side of 

Alaska Railroad cut oil north side of Matanuska 

River. About 1,500 ft above base of formation. 

Anchorage ( C-6) quad. Martin, 1910 ; Hopkins 

and Wolfe, 1962. 

9870 _________ Lat 61 °42.6' N., long 149°05' W. At new cut at 

old Baxter mine on east side of Moose Creek 

valley. Premier coal group. Anchorage ( C6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

987L ________ Lat 61 °45.2' N., long 148°52.9' W. Hanging wall 

of strip pit topographically high in Mrak mine. 

Stratigraphically below 9872. Anchorage (D6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

9872 _________ Lat 61 °44.9' N., long 148°53.5' W. Hanging wall 

of strip pit topographically lower ~han 9871 in 

Mrak mine. Stratigraphica:Ily above 9871. 

Anchorage (0-6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 

1962. 

9873 _________ Lat 61 °44.8' N., long 148°52.8' W. Hanging wall 

of strip pit topographically lower than 9872 

in Mrak mine. Stratigraphically above 9872. 

Anchorage ( C-6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 

1962. 

9874 _________ Lat 61 °38.3' W., long 148°57.5' W. West side of 

valley of 'Volverine Creek. Anchorage (C-6) 

quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

9877 _________ Lat 61 °48.0' N., long 147°59.5' W. North side of 

cut along old Glenn Highway. Anchorage (D3) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

988L ________ Lat 61 °44.4' N., long 148°57.5'-148°58.4' W. 

Collections from dumps of strip pits in Evan 

Jones mine. Between Premier (No. 5) and 

. Jonesville (No.3) coal groups. Anchorage (C6) quad. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

Dersc1'iption of megafossil-plant localities in the J(enai and 

'l'sadaka Formfttions 

USGS Pa.Zeo- Description of locality, stage assignrnent, and collector 

botany locality nnrl year (if known) 

3505_________ Ohinitna Bay, near entrance to bay on north side. 

From sandstone at top of exposure rubove conglomerate. Seldovian ( ?) . Stanton 'and Martin, 

1904. 

4129 _________ At entrance to Troublesome Gulch. Seldovia 

(C-5) quad. Homerian. 'Veaver, 1906. 

4130 _________ 0.5 mile south of town of Old Tyonek on sea cliff. 

Tyonek (A-4) quad. Homerian. ·weaver, 1906. 

413L ________ Near entrance to Fritz Creek, Kachemak Bay. 

SeldoYia (C-4) quad. Homerian. 'Veaver, 

1006. 

5820_________ Bluff Point, 7 miles west of Homer, "30 ft. below 

Bradley coal" according to the specimen label, 

but F. F. Barnes informs us that the Cooper 

coal bed is the only named coal bed present at 

Bluff Point. Seldovia ( C-5) quad. Homerian. 

Stone and Stanton, 1904. 

582L ________ Talus on beach at Bluff Point about 1% miles 

west of Cook Inlet Coal Field Company's mine. 

Seldovia ( C-5) quad. I,Iomerian. Stone and 

Stanton, 1904. 

606L ________ 2.5 miles southwest of Point Naskowhak. Seldovia ( B-5) quad. Seldovian. Martin, 1911. 

6063--------- From Cache Creel\:, 1.5 miles above Cache Creek 

Mining Company's camp. Talkeetna ( B-2) 

quad. Seldovian. Capps, 1911. 

6066 _________ Mills Creek Basin, Chicago Gulch. Talkeetna 

( B-4) quad. Seldovian. Oapps, 1911. 

8380 _________ Lat 61 °41' N., long 149°08' ·w. Core material. 

Anchorage (C-6) quad. Seldovian. Waring 

and Davidson, 1932. 

9359 _________ Lat 61 °42 .. 1' N., long 149°05.6' ·w. West side of 

Tsadaka Canyon. Anchorage ( C-6) quad. 

Seldovian. Barnes, Bender, and Brown, 1955 ; 

Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

9360 _________ Lat 60°01.8' N., long 151 °42.1' W. 0.75 mile 

south of mouth of Deep Creek. Kenai ( A-5) 

quad. Clamgulchian. Bender and Brown, 

1955. 

936L ________ Lat 59°39.4' N., long 151 °26.3' W. Sea cliff 

about 1 mile south of Millers Landing. Seldovia ( C-4) quad. Homerian. Barnes, 

Bender, and Brown, 1955; Wolfe, 1962. 

9364 _________ Lat 61 °39.8' N., long 149°27.9' W. On Coal 

Creek. Anchorage (C-7) quad. Seldovian. 

Barnes, Bender, and Brown, 1955. 

9365 _________ Lat 61 °38.4' N., long 149°50.8' ,V, In Hou:ston 

strip pit. Anchorage (C-8) quad. Seldovian. 

Barnes and Brown, 1955; Hopkins and \Volfe, 

1962. 

9366 _________ Lat 59°40.3' N., long 151 °42.4' '\V. 0.25 mile 

northwest of mouth of Diamond Creek. Seldovia ( C-5) quad. Homerian. Bender and 

Brown, 1955. 

9760 _________ 0.25 mile west of southern tip of Redoubt Point. 

Kenai (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Gulf Oil 

Corp . 

976L ________ Cape Douglas. Afognak quad. Seldovian. Gulf 

Oil Corp. 

9763 _________ Lat 60°11.5' N., long 150°28.5' ,V, Sea Cliff 

north of Ninilchik. Clamgulchian. Gulf Oil 

Corp. 

9844 _________ Lat 61 °07.1' N., long Hi1 °18.1' ,V. South bnnl\: of 

Chuitna River. Tyonek (A-4) quad. Homerian. Barnes, 1961 ; 'Volfe, 1962. 

9845 _________ Lat 61 °18.9' N., long 151 °46.2' W. Cliffs on south 

side of Oapps Glacier. Tyonek (B-5) quad. 

Seldovian. Wolfe, 1962. 

9846 _________ Lat 61 °16.7' N., long 151 °45.1' W. 'Vest side of 

high hill. Tyonek (B-G) quad. Seldovian. 

Barnes, 1961; \Volfe, 1962. 

9848 _________ Lat 61 °14.2' N., long 151 °14.7' W. South bank of 

Beluga Rivet:. Tyonek (A-4) quad. Seldovian. Wolfe, 1962. 
PLANTS B27 

9849 _________ I.Jat 61 °15.1' N., long 151 °14.4' W. North bank of 

Beluga River. Tyonek (B-4) quad. Seldovian. Wolfe, 1962. 

0850 _________ Lnt 61 °25.6' N., long 151 °31.2' W. East bank 

of Coal Creek. Tyonek (B-5) quad. Seldovian. "rolfe, 1962. 

985L-------- Lat 59°38.6' N., long 151 °35.1' W. In sea cliffs 

west of Homer. Seldovia ( C-5) quad. Homerian. Wolfe, 1962. 

9852 _________ Lat 59°43.2' N., long 151 °49.4' W. ~~ mile south 

of Mutnala Gulch in sea cliffs. Seldovia ( C-5) 

quad. Homerian. 'Volfe, 1962. 

H853 _________ I.Jnt 59°40.9' N., long 151 °22.6' 'V. Just west of 

mouth of Fritz Creek. Seldovia (C-4) quad. 

Homerian. Wolfe, 1962. 

9854 _________ Lnt 59°45.1' N., long 151 °10.2' "'· ¥a mile west 

of mouth of Eastland Creek. Seldovia (C-4) 

qund. Clnmgulchian. Wolfe, 1962. 

9855--------- Lnt 59°44.0' N., long 151 °12.4' W. 1,4. mile west of 

mouth of Cottonwood Creek. Seldovia (C-4) 

quad. Clamgulchian. Wolfe, 1962. 

9856 _________ Lat 59°23.7' N., long 151 °53.7' W. North side of 

Conl Cove on Port Graham, probably the "Sinus 

A.nglorum" (English Bay) locality of Beer. 

Seldovia (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Hopkins, 

Schmidt, and Wolfe, 1002. 

9857 ______ :_ __ Lat 59°25.0' N., long 151 °53.1' ,V, 0.6 mile south 

of Point Pogibshi. Seldovia (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Hopkins, Schmidt, and 'Volfe, 1962. 

9858--------· Lnt 59°28.3' N., long 151 °40.6' W. 0.7 mile east 

of Seldovia Point. Seldovia ( B-5) quad. 

Seldovian. Hopkins, Schmidt, and 'Volfe, 

1962. 

9859 _________ Lat 59°49.2' N., long 151 °07.4' W. East bank of 

Swift Creelc Seldovia (D-4) quad. Clamgulchinn. Hopldns and Wolfe, 1962. 

9860 _________ Lat 60°15.2' N., long 151 °23.5' W. Sea Cliffs 0.9 

mile north of Clam Gulch. Kenai (B-4) quad. 

Clnmgulchinn. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

986L ________ Lat 60°15.7' N., long 151 °23.8' ·w. Sea Cliffs 1.5 

miles north of Clam Gulch. Kenai (B-4) 

quad. Clamgulchian. Hopldns and 'Volfe, 

1962. 

9862 _________ Lnt 60°12.5' N., long 151 °25.5' W. Sea Cliffs 2.4 

miles south of Clam Gulch. Kenai (A.-4) 

quad. Clamgulchian. HOJ)kins and 'Volfe, 

1962. 

98(13 _________ Lat 61 °19.1' N., long 149°36.5' W. South bank 

of Eagle River. Anchorage (B-7) quad. Seldovian. Hopkins and 'Volfe, 1!)62. 

!)8(',4 _________ I.1nt 61 °18.7' N., long 149°34.8' W. South bank 

of ll}agle River. Anchorage (B-7) quad. Seldovinn. Hopldns and Wolfe, 1962. 

9865:--------- I.;at 61 °39.4' N., long 149°27.8' W. North bank 

of Little Susitna River. Anchorage (C-7) 

quad. Seldovian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

9866 _________ Lat 61 °41.7' N., long 149°14.7' W. West bank 

of I.1ittle Susitna River. Anchorage (C-6) 

quad. Seldovian. Hopkins and 'Volfe, 1962. 

9867--------- Lnt 62°29.4' N., long 150°58.7' W. South side 

of Cache Creek opposite mouth of Rambler 

Creek 1'all{eetna ( B-2) quad. Seldovian. 

Hopldns and Wolfe, 1962. 

9868 _________ Lat 62°29.9' N., long 150°56.9' W. South side 

of Cache Creek. Talkeetna (B-2) quad. 

Homerian. Hopkins and Wolfe, 1962. 

9883 _________ Near mouth of Happy Creek. Seldovia (D-5) 

quad. Clamgulchian. Benninghof, 1955. 

9884 _________ North of Harriet Point. Sec. 13, T. 5 N., R. 

18 W. Kenai (C-6) quad. Seldovian. Shell 

Oil Co. 

9885 _________ North of Harriet Point. 

W. Kenai ( B-6) 

Oil Co. 

Sec. 25, T. 5 N., R. 18 

quad. Seldovian. Shell 

9886 _________ North of Harriet Point. Sec. 15, T. 4 N., R. 18 

W. Kenai ( B-6) quad. Seldovinn. Shell 

Oil Co. 

9887--------- Near Redoubt Point. Sec. 33, T. 3 N., R. 18 W. 

Kenai (B-6) quad. Seldovian. Shell Oil Co. 

9937 _________ Lat 61 °18.4' N., long 151 °46.5' "\V. Cliffs on 

south side of Capps Glacier. Tyonek (B-5) 

quad. Seldovian. British Petroleum Co., 

1962. 

9945 _________ On Harriet Creek, 21.85 miles east and 30.15 miles · 

nor.th of southwest corner of Kenai, 1 : 250,000 

quad. Kenai ( B-6) quad. Seldovian. Mobil 

Oil Co. 

REFERENCES CITED 

Bailey, I. W., 'and Sinnott, E. W., 1916, The climatic distribution 

of certain types of angiosperm leaves: A.m. Jour. Botany, 

v. 3, p. 24-39. 

Brown, R. W., 1939, Fossil leaves, fruits, and seeds of Oeroilliphyllwnt: Jour. Paleontology, v. 13, p. 48~99. 

--- 1962, Paleocene flora of the Rocky Mountains and Great 

Plains: U.S. Gool. Survey Prof. Paper 375, 119 p., 69 pls. 

Chandler, M. E. J., 1961, The ·lower Tertiary floras of southern 

England, I: London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 354 p., 

34 pls. 

--- 1962, The lower Tertiary floras of southern England, II : 

London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 176 p., 29 pis. 

---1964, The lower Tertiary floras of southern England, IV : 

London, British 1\:lus. (Nat. History), 151 p., 4 pls. 

Chaney, R. W. and Axelrod, D. I., 1959, Miocene floras of the 

Columbia Plateau. Part I, Composition and interpretation, 

by R. W. Chaney. Part II, Systematic considerations, by 

R. W. Chaney and D. I. Axelrod: Carnegie Inst. Washington Pub. 617, 237 p., 44 pis. 

Gardner, .J. S., and Ettingshausen, Oonstantin, 1879, A. monograph of the British Eocene flora : London, Palneontographical Soc., 159 p. 

Heer, Oswald, 1869, Flora fossilis alaskana: Kgl. 1svens~a 

vetensk. akad. Handl., v. 8, no. 4, 41 p., 10 pis.: issued also 

'US: Flora fossilis arctica, 1871, v. 2, no. 2. 

Hollick, C. A.., 1930, ri'he Upper Cretaceous floras of Alaska: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 159, 123 p., 87 pls. 

--- 1936, The Tertiary floras orf Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 182, 185 p., 122 pis. 

Hulten, Eric, 1943, Flora of Alaska and Yukon, III: Lunds 

Univ. Arssk., new ser., avd. 2, v. 39, no. 1, p. 415--567. 

--- 1944, Flora of Alaska and .Yukon, IV: Lunds Univ. 

Arssk., new ser., avd. 2, v. 40, no. 1, p. 571-795. 

Huzioka, Kazuo, 1963, The Utto flora of northern Honshu: 

Tertiary floras of J·apan, Miocene floras, p. 153-216, pls. 

28--40. 
B28 TERTIARY BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, COOK INLET REGION, ALASKA 

Knowlton, F. H., 1919, A catalogue of the Mesozoic ,and Cenozoic 

plants of North America: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 696, 

815p. 

MacGinitie, H. D., 1953, Fossil plants of the F-lorissant beds, 

Colorado: Carnegie Inst. Washington Puh. 599, 198 p., 75 

pls. · 

--- 1962, The Kilgore flora: Californla Univ. Pubs. Geol. 

Sci., v. 35, no. 2, p. 67-158, 16 pls. 

Mason, H. L., 1947, Evolution of certain floristic associations 

in western North America: Ecol. Mon., v. 17, no. 2, p. 201-

210. 

Reid, M. E., and Chandler, M. E. J., 1933, The London Clay 

flora: London, British Mus. (Nat. History), 561 p., 33 pls. 

Tanai, Toshimasa, 1961, Neogene floral change in Japan: Hoklmido Unlv. Faculty Sci. Jour., ser. 4, v. 11, no. 2, p. 119-398, 

32 pls. 

Tanai, Toshimasa, and Suzuki, Nobuo, 1963, Miocene floras of 

southwestern Hokkaido, Japan: Tertiary floras of Japan, 

Miocene floras, p. 9-149, 27 pls. 

Wolfe, J. A., Hopkins, D.M., and Leopold, Estella, 1966, Tertiary 

stratigraphy and paleobotany ·of the Cook Inlet region, 

Alaska: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 398-A, 29 p. 
INDEX 

[ltnllc numbers indicate mnjor references and descriptions] 

A Page 

~leer------------------------------------------ B3, 5 arcticum •• ----------- _ _ ____ ____ ____ ___ ____ 11 

crataegifolium ________ __ ---- _________ ------ 4 

ezoanttm _____________________________ 4, f5; pl. 8 

jatisiaejolia •••.• __________________ ------- __ 4 

glabriJides ___ ____ -------- ___ ____ _ __ __ ____ __ 6 

macropterum _________ ------- __ ----- __ __ ___ 4 

sttbpictttm .• ________ ---------- ___________ _ 

sp- ---------------------------------------

Acoraceao •...• ------------------ ___ ------- __ . 4, 25 adumbrata, Alnus ________________ 5, 6, 15, 20, fl; fig. 9 

Corylu3 •• -------------.---- ___ --------- ___ 19, 21 

aequalis, Prttntts hartungi_____________________ 13 

affinis, Sapmdus. ------------------------ 2, 11; pl. 2 

Alangittm ••. --------------------------------- 4 

alas kana, Alnus ••• ------------------------- 5, 18,23 

Carpinus---- ___ ------- ____ • ___ ._~-_______ 16 

Dicotylophyllttm ________________________ 11; pl. 2 

Grevillea _____ ------------------ ___ ----- _ __ 25 

Grewiopsis _____ __ ---------- ____ ------ __ • __ 11, 12 

Pterospermites. ---------.------ ___ --- ___ __ 23 

Quercus •••.• --------------------_________ 11 

Salix.-------------------------------- 6, 13; pl. 4 

alaskanum, Artocarpidittm ____________________ 17,18 

alasken.~is, Crataegus__________________________ 23 

Elaeocarpus. __ -----------·---------------- 25 

Alchornea SP---------------------------------- 4 

Alismaphyllites grandifolitts___________________ 2 

alnitifolia, Fagus •• ---------------------------- 19 

Alnus .• ------------------------- 5, 8, 15, 17, 18, 19,21 

adttmbrata ___________________ 5, 6, 15, 20, BJ; fig. 9 

alaskana .• ------------------------------ 5, 18,23 

barnesL------------------- 15, 19, 20; pl. 5; fig. 8 cappsi. _______________ 3, 15, 18, 19; pis. 6, 7; fig. 6 

corylifolia ••• --------------- _ ---------- ____ 19, 22 corylina _____________ 5, 6, 15, 18, 19, 21; pl. 6; fig. 7 

crispa ••.. ---------------------------- 20; fig. 10 

· evidtmS------------------------ 15, 18; pl. 5; fig. 5 

fairL.-------------~-------- 3, 16, 17; pl. 7; fig. 3 

harneyana ••• ___ ---------------. ____ • _ ___ _ 19 

healyen818 •• _________________ 3, 16, 17,· pl. 7; fig. 4 

il}inskiae •• ---. --- __ --------------- _______ • 19 

incana •• -------------------------- 8, 15, 18; fig. 7 kejersteinii. --------------- __ • _____ • _. ___ __ 21 

largeL •• ------------------ 16, 17, 18; pl. 7; fig. 2 

1Jrerhombifolia ..•• ---------- ___ • ___ ____ __ _ _ 17 

relata _______ -----. __ . __ -----______________ 17 

relattts. ----.-------------.---- ____ ----- __ • 16 schmidtae _______________ 8, 15, 20,f!; pl. 5; fig. 10 

sinuata •• --------------------------------- 20 

a.mblyrhyncha, Popult£8 •.•• -------------------- 9 

americana, Dennstaedtia.------------------ 2, 8; pl. 1 

fossilis, Corylus ••••• ---------------------- 21 

amplifolia, Sake ••• --------------------------- 14 

Anacardiaceae .• __ ---------------------------- 8 

anceps, Diospvros.---------------------------- 14 andersoni, Spiraea .• _______ •• ___ ._____________ 4 

Andromeda SP-------------------------------- 13 

Anemia elongata •• ---------------------------- 2 Anglospormao __________________________ 2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 

Anini-typo flora. __ --------------------------- 4 

aniensis, Cladrastis ••• ------------------------- 24. 

antipoji., Fagus •••• ---------------------------- 3 antiquora, Carya ________________________ 2,8,9; pl. 1 

antiquorum, Carya •• -------------------------- 8 

1-Iicoria .• ___ ---------------------- ___ __ _ __ 8 

Page 

antiquum, Benzoin____________________________ B25 

Viburnum. __ --------- ______ . _________ .___ 11 

aquatica, Nyssa_______________________________ 25 

aquilonium, Dryophyllum_____________________ 11 

Aralia taurinensis_____________________________ 11 

sp. ----------- _____ ----------.------------ 6 

Aniliaceae. ----------------------------------- 4, 6 

Arbutus sp_ ... ------------------------------- 6 

Arcto-Tertiary theory __ ---------------------- 4, 5 

artica, Populus __ ----------------------------- 9 

Woodwardia. ----------------------------- 8 

arcticum, Acer -------------------------------- 11 

Cercidiphyllum ____ --------------------- 9, 10,12 

Artocarpidium alaskanum _____________________ 17,18 

artocarpites, Quercus__________________________ 11 

Artocarpoides. --------- ______________ -- ___ ---- 5 

auriculaecordatus, Grewiopsis _____________ 2, 1£; pl. 1 

Pterospermites_ --------------------------- 12 

auriculata, Cocculus .. --~----------------- 4, B4; pl. 7 

Hedera. ___ ------------------------------- 24 Azalea ________ ----- __________ ---- ____ ------- __ · 25 

B 

balsamoides, Populus ___________ --____________ 11 

barclayi, Salix ____________ -------- ______ ------- 14 

barnesi, Alnus ________________ 15, 19, 20; pl. 5; fig. 20 

beauverdiana, Spiraea._----------------------- 8, 24 

bendirei, Carya________________________________ 3, 6 

Hydrangea __________ ._-------_. ____ ----.__ 6 Platanus ________________________________ _ 

Benzoin antiquum. --------------------------- 25 

Betula __________ ------- ___ ------.. ---- _____ --- 17 

confusa lata_______________________________ 23 

fairiL .. ----- __ ---- _- _----------- _- ------- 16, 17 

largei. ______ ----- _ -- ___ ------ ________ -- _ -- 16 

papyrifera.-- ----------------------------- 15, 16 prtsca __________________________________ 17, 19,21 

sublutea. ___ --- _______ -------- ______ ------ 15, 16 

thor _________ -----------------_------------ 5 

Betulaceae. _ -------------------------- 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 15 

Bibliography ____ ----- _______ ------------- __ -- 27 

biloba, Ginkgo_________________________________ 2, 3 

borealis, Hemitrapa __ ------------------------- 4 Ulmus____________________________________ 21 

bretzi, Quercus .. -- _________ ------------------- 3 

c 

Campanian flora. __ .------------------------- 2 canadensis, Elaeagnus_________________________ 6 

cappsensis, Carpinus ______________ 5,t.e; pl. 6; fig. 11 

Salix .. ------------------------------ If, 13; pl. 4 

cappsi, Alnus____________ 3, 15, 18, 19; pis. 6, 7; fig. 6 

Crataegus ____ _________ ------------------- _ 19 

Caprifoliaceae. ------------------------------- 4, 6 

Carexi SP------------------------------------- 7 

Carpinites truncatus. ___ ---------------------- 17 

Carpinus alaskana____________________________ 16 

cappsensis _______________ 5,t.e; pl. 6; fig. 11 A-C 

cobbL-------------------- 6, 16,£3; pl. 6; fig. 11E 

erosa _______ ------------ ~-- ---------------- 23 

grand is ___ --- __ ---------------- __ :------__ 21 

seldoviana _____________ 3, 16, 22, B3; pl. 6; fig. 11D 

Carya. __ ------------------------------------- 3, 5 antiquora ____________________________ 2, 8, 9; pl. 1 

anttquorum_ ---------------------- _ ___ _ ___ 8 

bendirei_ ______ ________ ------- ____ --------- 3, 6 

sessilis ___ ----- _________ ------- ______ ------ 3 

Page 

CelastrusjernquistL.------------------------- B17 

Cercidiphyllaceae. __ ------------------------- 4 

Cercidiphyllum. ___ --------------------------- 5, 9 

arcticum.------------------------------- 9, 10,12 

crenatum. _ ------------------------------- 4, 5 

japonicum. ------------------------------- 9 

cetera, Rosa ___ -----------------------_-------- 11 

chapini, Piper ___ ----------------------------- 2 Chickaloon flora __________________________ f, 3, 4, 8, 9 

Chickaloon Formation. ___ ------------------- 1, 26 

Chignik Formation___________________________ 2 

Chuckanut flora______________________________ 11 

chuitensis, Corylus. _______ 5, 6, 16, B3, 24; pl. 5; fig. 12 Salix _______________________________ 5, 6, 13; pl. 4 

Chuitna River flora ___ ----------------------- 5, 6 

ciliata, Populus.------------------------------ 3 

Cladrastis ______ ------ _- ----------------------- aniensis _______ _________________________ --- 24 

japonica _________________________ 5, 6, f4, 25; pl. 8 

lutea _________ -- __________ -- _ -- _ ----------- 25 

Clamgulchlan flora _____________ -------------- 7, 8 

cobbi, Carpinus ________________ 6, 16,fS; pl. 6; fig. 11 

Cocculus _____ ------ ______________ ------------- 10 

auriculata ____________________________ 4, f4; pl. 7 

flabella.-------------------- 2,9, 10; pl. 1; fig. 1A 

heteromorpha _____ ____ -------- __ ----------- 24 

Collawash flora_______________________________ 4 

Compositae. __ ------------------------------- 7 

Comptonia SP--------------------------------- 2 

conji.rmata, Rosa------------------------------ 14 

SallX.-------------------------------- 6, 14,· pl. 3 conjusa lata, Betula___________________________ 23 

conjusum, Hymenophyllum___________________ 2 

conjunctiva, Quercus ___ ----------------------- 11 

conjunctivus, Pterospermites ______ _ ------------ 12 

Coniferales._---------- _______ -------------- 3, 5, 6, 7 

Contortae. _ ----------- _____ --------- __ ------- 4 

controvertabilis, Ptper __ ----------------------- 9 cookensts, Salix ___________________________ 7, 15; pl. 3 

Cornaceae_____________________________________ 6, 25 

Corn us._------------------------------------- 7, 2/i 

sp.--- ------------------------------ 66, B5; pl. 8 corylifolia, Alnus ______________________________ 19,22 

corylina, Alnus. ________ 5, 6, 15, 18, 19, 21; pl. 6; fig. 7 

Corylttes josterL______________________________ 2 

Corylus adumbrata. ________ ---- _-- ______ ------ 19, 21 

americana jossilis. ___ --------------------- 21 · 

chuitensis ___________ 5,6,16,£9,24; pl. 5; fig.12B 

evidens ___ ------ ______ --------------------- 18 

harrimanL------------------- 16, £3, 24; fig. 12A kenaiana ________________________________ -- 21 

MacQuarriL.---------------------- 17, 21, 22,23 

palachei. _____ _ -------- ___ ----------------- 23 

crassijulis, Salix _____________ ---------_-------- 7 

crataegijolium, Acer.-------------------------- 4 

Crataegus alaskensis___________________________ 23 

cappsL ----------------------------------- 19 

gracilens ... ___ ~------------ --------------- 19 

sp. ______ ----------- _ --------------------- 4 

Credneria ___ ------- ___________________ --- _ ---- 11 

crenata, Populus.----------------------------- 12 

Vitis _____ __ -------------- _____ ------------ 12 

crenatum, Cercidiphyllum_____________________ 4, 5 

crispa, Alnus.---------------------------- 20; fig. 10 

crossii, Juglans. _ ----------------------------- 11 cupanioides, Viburnum_______________________ 12 

B29 
B30 

Page 

Cycads .. _____________________________________ B2, 3 

(Cycloptera) sp., Pterocarya___________________ 3 

Cyperaceae _________________________________ 3, 5, 6, 7 

Cyperacites sp ___ --------------------------- 3, 5, 6, 7 

D 

dalli, Quercus ______________________________ --_ 19 

Decostea sp __ --------------------------------- 2 

Dennstaedtia americana ____________________ 2, 8; pl. 1 

dentatus, Pterospermltes __________________ 2,12; pl. 2 

Dicotyledonae __________________________ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 

Dicotylophyllum_ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ 2, 10 

alaskana _____________________________ 2,11; pl. 2 

flexuosa ___________________________ 2,11, 12; pl. 2 

richardsonL --------------- 2, 10, 12; pl. 1; fig. 1C 

Diervilla sp ______ -- _____ --- __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 6 

D1llen!aceae. ___ ___ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ 2 

Diospyros anceps______________________________ 14 

Diospyros lancijolia_ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _ _ ___ __ 14 

distichum, Taxodium__________________________ 3, 6 

Dryophyllum aquilomum______________________ 11 

longipetiolatum_ _ _ _ ___ __ __ _ __ ____ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 11 

Dryopteris sp_- ---- _ --- _- ------ _- -------- __ --- 3 

E 

Ebenales. _ -----------------------------------

Ecologic and floristic interpretation___________ 2 

Elaeagno.ceae .. __________________ ~-- __ __ _ _ _ __ _ 6 

Elaeagnus ___________________________________ _ 

canadensis_---- _____ -___________________ -_ 6 

Elaeocarpus alaskensis _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 25 

elongata, Anemia ____ -----------------------__ 2 Engelhardia ____ ______________________________ _ 

Eocene flora ________________________________ -- 2, 5 

eotremuloides, Populus________________________ 6 

Equ!setaceae. ____________________ -- _ __ __ _ _ __ _ 3, 7 

Equisetales___________________________________ 3, 7 

Equisetum SP--------------------------------- 3, 7 Ericaceae _______________________ ------- ______ 6, 7, 25 

Ericales _____ ________________ ---- _____ --- _____ - 6 

erosa, Carpinus _________ ----- _____ -------_-_-- 23 

Euphorbiaceae .. _____________________________ 3, 4, 12 

Euphoria_____________________________________ 11 

europaeus, Glyptostrobus_ ------------------- 3, 5, 6, 7 

evidens, Alnus ____________________ 15,18; pl. 5; fig. 5 

Corylus____ __ _ __ ___ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ ____ 18 

Exbucklandia_ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ ____ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ 4 

ezoanum, Acer ___________________________ 4,25; pl. 8 

F 

Fagaceae __ ---------------------------------__ 3, 4 Fagales _____________________________________ 3, 5, 6, 8 

Fagus ___ ----------------------------------___ 5 

alnitifolia ___ ------- __ ------ ___ --- _______ -_ 19 

antipoji_ ________________________________ -- 3 

paleocrenata .. __ --------------------------- 3 

fairi, Alnus_-------------------------- 3, 16,17; pl. 7 fairii, Betula ________________________________ - 16, 17 

fatisiaejolia, Acer ___ -----------------.---------- 4 

jernquisti, Celastrus ___ ______________________ -- 17 

Ficus ______________________________ -- _______ -_ 5 

Filicales .. ______________ _. ____________ -________ - 3, 5 

Filicinae ______________________________________ 2, 3, 5 

flabella, Cocculus _________________ 2, 9,10; pl. 1; fig. 1 

flabellum, Populus____________________________ 9 

flexuosa, Dicotylophyllum ______________ 2,11,12; pl. 2 

Quercus ___ ------------------------------- 11 

Flora of the Chickaloon Formation___________ 2 

Flora, Aniai-type____ __ __ _ _ ____ __ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ 4 

Campanian ____ "__________________________ 2 

Chickaloon----~---------------------- 2, 3, 4, 8, 9 Clamgulchian_ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ ___ __ _ 7, 8 

Chuckanut .. -_---- _____________ -- _______ -_ 11 

Chuitna River ___ ------------------------ 5, 6 Colla wash _____________________ -- ______ -~_ 4 

Eocene ______ ----_________________________ 2, 5 

Fort Union _______________________________ 2, 4, 9 

Gulf of Alaska____________________________ 5 

Hamilton Bay ___________________________ _ 

INDEX 

Page 

Flora-Continued 

Homerian_ --------------------------- B5, 6, 7, 8 

KenaL ------------------------------- 1, 3,12,15 

Kupreanot_ __________ --------------------- 3 Miocene _________________________________ _ 

Neogene__________________________________ -1, 7 

Oligocene __________ --·--___________________ 5 

Paleocene ___ ----------------------------" 1, 2, 4 

Paleogene .. __ ----------------------------- 3, 5, 7 

Seldovia Point- ___ ----------------------- 3, 4 

Seldovian ___ --------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6 Siberian____________________________________ 2 

S!tkinak Island___________________________ 5 

Upper Atanikerdluk______________________ 2, 4 

Floristic and ecologic interpretation__________ 2 

Fort Union flora ___________________________ 2, 4, 9,11 

Fossil-plant localities.-_______________________ 26 

jossilis, Corylus americana_____________________ 21 

josteri, Cory lites ________ -- __________ -~_________ 2· 

fothergilloides, Hamamelites____________________ 10 

Fraxinus ____________________________________ _ 

inordinata ____ -------------------------- __ 11 johnstrupL ~ _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _____ _ 11 

juglandina ______________________________ 8,11,13 

pseudobliqua _________________ -- ____ ___ _ __ _ 9 

SP- --------------------------------------- juruhjelmi, Quercus __________________________ _ 

fusca, Malus__________________________________ 8 

G 

gaudfni, Populus ___ -------------------------- 11 Rhamnus ____________________ ------------- 14 

Geofloras ____________________________________ _ 

Geranlales __________________________________ _ 

Ginkgo _______ -________________________________ 5 

biloba__ __ __ _ ____ _ __ __ __ _ _ ___ _ __ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ 2, 3 

G!nkgoaceae---------------------------------- 3 Ginkgoales___________________________________ 3 

glabra, Rhus__________________________________ 8 

glabroides, Acer __ ----------------------------- 6 glandulifera, Populus_________________________ 11 

Glumiflorae.-- ------------------------------ 3, 5, 6, 7 glyptostroboides, Metasequoia ___________________ 3, 5, 6 

Glyptostrobus __ ---------------------- _________ 5, 7, 8 europaeus _______________________________ 3, 5, 6, 7 

nordenskioldL ___________________ --------- 2 

gracilens, Crataegus _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ ___ __ _ __ _ _ ___ _ _ 19 

Gramtneae_ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ __ _____ _ __ __ __ _ ___ __ _ 3 

grandijolius, Alismaphyllites __________________ _ 

grandis, Carpinus_____________________________ 21 

Grevillea alas kana_____________________________ 25 

Grewia __________ ----------------------------- 10, 12 Grewiopsis ____________________________________ 11,12 

alaskana ____ -- _______ ---- __ _ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 11, 12 

auriculaecordatus _____________________ 2, 12;_pl. 1 

groenlandicus, Quercophyllum_________________ 2 

Gulf of Alaska flora___________________________ 5 

Gymnospermae. ___ ----------------------- 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 

H 

Halesia sp ___________________________________ _ 

Hamamelidaceae _____ -------- __ ------- ___ -_ -- 4 

Hamamelites jothergilloides _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10 

inaequalfs _________________________ 2, 10,11; pl. 1 

Hamilton Bay flora ________ ------------------ 2 

harneyana, Alnus ______ --------_-----_________ 19 

harirmani, Corylus __________________________ 16, 23,24 

hartungi aequalis, Prunus_____________________ 13 

healyensts, Alnus ________________ 3,16,17; pl. 7; fig. 4 

Hedera auriculata___ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 24 

heeriana, Populus_____________________________ 12 

heerii, Populus________________________________ 12 

Helobiae ____ --------------------------------- 3, 7 

Hemiptelea __ --------------------------------- 9 

Hemitrapa borealis ___ ----- ___________________ _ 

hesperia, Onoclea ________________ -------------- 2, 8 

Salix ___________________________________ 5,14,15 

heteromorpha, CocctdU8------------------------ 24 Populus__________________________________ 24 

Page 

Hicoria antiquorum_ _ __ ____ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ __ B8 

homerensis, Vaccinium __________________ 6,25; pl. 8 

Homerian flora _____________________________ 5, 6, 7, 8 

hopkinsi, Spiraea _______________________ 5, 6, 24; pl. 8 

Hydrangea bendireL-------------------------- 6 

SP- --------------------------------------- Hymenophyllum conjusum____________________ 2 

I 

flex _____ ~----------------_____________________ 11 

iljinskiae, Alnus______________________________ 19 

inaequalis, Hamamelites _______________ 2, 10, 11; pl. 1 

Protojicus____ __ __ _ __ _ __ ____ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 10 

incana, Alnus ________________________ 8, 15, 18; fig. 7 

inglefieldi, Magnolia. ___ ---------------------- 14 

inopinum, Mohrodendron __ ------------------- 11 inordinata, Fraxinus .. _ _ ___ __ ___ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ 11 

inquirenda, Sali:r: ____ __ ------- _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 3 

J japonica, Cladrastis __________________ 5, 6, 24, 25; pl. 8 

Neolitsea________ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ 25 

Nyssa _____ -------- _______________________ 24, 25 

japonicum, Cercidiphyllum____________________ 9 

Jenkinsella .. __ ---- __ --- _ ---------------------- !J 

johnstrupi, Fraxinus .. _ ------------------------ 11 

Juglandaceae_ --------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 15 

Juglandales----------------------------------- 3, 5, 6 

juglandiformis, Juglans __ ------------------ ___ 11 juglandina, Fraxinus ________________________ 8, 11,13 

Quercus ____ ------------------------------ 11 Juglans croesiL __ _____________ -- _ -- ____ -- _ ---- 11 

juglandiformis ___ ------------------------- 11 

nigella ______________ ----------------------- 8,15 

oregoniana. _________ ~ ________ ------ _. _- _ -- 15 

orientalis ______ ___________ ------ _ -- _------- 15 

picroides ___ ____________________ --~- ---- _ -- 8, 14 

pseudopunctata __ ------------------------- 9, 13 

salicijolia .. _____ -------- __ ------ _- --------- 14 

( Carya) picroides ___ _______ --- _- _- __ ------- 14 

K 

kachemakensi.•, Salix ______________________ 6, 14; pl. 4 

Kalopana.t sp _______ -------------------------- 4 

kefersteinii, Alnus ____ ------ ___ ------------ __ -_ 21 

Kenai flora.------------------------------ 1, 3, 12, 15 

Kenai Formation ____ ----------------------- 3, 20,26 

kenaiana, Corylus_____________________________ 21 

Populus ____ --------------------- 3, 5, 6,12; pl. 3 

Salix _____________ -------------------- 8, 13; pl. 4 

knowltoni, Nyssa SP--------------- ------------ · 4 

Kupreanof flora __ ---------------------------- 3 

L 

lancifolia, Diospyros. --- _ ---------------------- 14 

largei, Alnus ___________________ 16,17, 18; pl. 7; fig. 2 

Betula. _________________ _ --------- _--- _- _ 16 

lasiandra, Salix .. _----------------------------- 13 

lata, Betula conjusa.-------··------------------ 23 

Latah Formation _______ ---------------.------ 17,25 

latior, Populus________________________________ 11 

Lauraceae .. ____________ -- ____ ----------------- 2, 7 

Laurus princeps _________ ----_-_-_---------.-_ 14 

Leaf-margin analysis. __ ---------------------- 7 

Ledum ____ ----------------------------------- 25 

Leguminosae. ------------------------------- 5, 6, 24 

leopoldae, Salix ___________________________ 8,14; pl. 4 

Lepargyraea weaverL ... -----------------------

I,iJiaceaE'.--- --------------------------------- Lindera ______________________________________ _ 

lindgreni, Populus __________ ------- _____ -___ -_ 

lindleyana, Spiraea _______ ---------------------

Liquidambar ____________ ----------------------

miojormosana ... __ -- _- ---------------------

Litsea. _____ ----------------------------------

25 

3 

12 

24 

5,8 

4 

longifolia, Ulmus ____ ------------------------- 3, 9 

longipetiolatum, Dryophyllum_________________ 11 

lutea, Cladrastis ____ ____ --- ____ ---------------- 25 

Lygodium __ -----------------------------------
M Page 

Afacaranga __ ------------------------------- _ B3, 12 

tanarltts. __ ------------------------------- 12 

sp. --------------------------------------- Afacclintockia .. __ • _________ • ______ --- ________ _ 

macquarrii, Corylus _____________________ 17, 21, 22,23 

macrophylla, Osmunda________________________ 2 

macropternm, Acer ---------------------------- Maestrichtian flora___________________________ 2 

magnlfolia, Pterospermites_____________________ 23 

Afagnolia inolejieldL ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ 14 

miocenica •. _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 25 

Afallotus sp _____ -- _ ---- __ -- _________ - ________ _ 

Afalttsfusca. __ -------------------------------

Mal vales. ____ --------------------------------

A.felanolepis. ___ .------------ _----------------

sp. --------------------------------------- Afeliosma ____ ____ --------- _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ 12 

Menlspermaceae •• __________________ - _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 4, 24 

meriana, Quercus ______ ------ ___ -----_________ 11 

Afetase{l?toia. _____ ---------- _______ -- _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 5, 7 

glyptostrobofdes ____________________________ 3, 5, 6 

occldentalis __ ------------------------------

j\ficrocos ------- _------------------------------ microphylla, Planera ______________________ 2,9; pl. 2 

Miocene flora .•. ------------------------------ 4 

miocenica, Afagnolia. _ ------------------------ 25 

mioformosana, Llquidambar ------------------- 4 mixta, Pterocarya. __ ------- ________ -- __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 3, 15 

Mohrodendron inopinum______________________ 11 

Monocotyledonae. __ ----------------------- 3, 5, 6, 7 

Afyrica sp. __ ------------------------------ ___ 6 

Myrlcaceae •••• ------------- _ ---------- _ _ _ _ __ _ 6 

Myrlcales. __ --------------------------------- 6 

Myrtlflorae ••• ------------------------------. _ 4, 6 

N 

N alndncenc •. _________ ---- _ ___ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ ___ __ 3, 7 

Neogene flora ••• ------------------------------ 1, 7 Neolitsea JatJonica •••••. ---- _____ . __ •. __ _ __ _ _ _ _ 25 

newberry#, Ulmus.---------------------------- 3 

nigella, Juglans.------------------------------ 8,15 

Pterocarya •. --------------------- 3, 5, 6, 15; pl. 3 

ninilchikensis, Salia ______________________ 8, 14; pl. 3 

nordenskioldi, Glyptostrobus. _ ----------------- 2 

Nttphar sp ••• --------------.--------- __ . --.. -- 3 

Nymphaeacene •••••. ------ __ --- _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 

Nyssa. __ ------------------------------_______ 5, 25 

aquatica ••• ------------------------------- 25 

japonica •• ---•••• ------.--- _ -- ________ . ___ 24, 25 

knowlton I..-------- __ --_._________________ 4 

Nyssacene ••••• ----------•• __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 4 

Nyssidittm .••.•• ------------------------------

0 

occidentalia, Metasequoia. ____________________ _ Ocotea .• ________ . ----... _ .• __________________ _ 

olafseni, Quercus •• ---------------------------- 19 Olencene ______ • _. _ ••• ------ ________ ---- _ _ __ __ _ 4 

Oligocene flora _________ ---. ____ ----___________ 5 

olympica, Prunus_____________________________ 13 

Onagraceae •..••.•• _ ---- _. -----.------- _____ . _ 

Onoclea hesperia ___ --------------------------- 2, 8 sensibilia __________________________________ a, 5, 8 

oregoniana, Juglans___________________________ 15 

Quercus. __ .------------- ____ --___________ 17 

Zelkova •. ---- __ -------- ________ ---- __ __ __ _ 3 

orientalis, Juglans. __ ------------------------- 15 

Osmunda macrophylla_________________________ 2 

sp. ---------------------------------------

Osmundaceno. __ ---.--------------------------

p 

palachei, Corylus •••• -------------------------- 23 

Paleocene flora. __ ---------------------------- 1, 2, 4 

paleocrenata, Fagus SP------------------------ 3 

Paleogene flora._----------------------------- 3, 5, 7 

Pahns________________________________________ 2, 3 

Panadnnales •••••...•.•.••• ___________________ 5 

papyri/era, Betula _____________________________ 15,16 

INDEX 

Page 

Phyllites relatus __ ___ .. _ ---- _____ . _ .. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ B16 

Picea·---------------------------------------- 8 

picroides, Juglans.---------------------------- 8,14 

Juglans (Carya) __ ------------------------ 14 

Salix ____ ----------------------------- 3, 6, 14, 15 Piper chapini_________________________________ 2 

controvertabilis ___ -- ___ --. __ --- ___ ----- __ _ _ 9 

septentrionalis. ___ ------------------------ 9 Planera_______________________________________ 9 

microphylla ... ------------------------ 2,9; pl. 2 

Platnnaceae. ______ ---------- __ ---------- _ ---- 4 

Platanus bendirei. _ --------------------------- 4 

Platyptera. ___ -------------------------------. 15 

Poacites tenuistriatus ___ ----- __ -- __ --- __ ___ __ _ _ 3 

Polypodiaceae. ----------------------------- _. 3 Populus ___________ -- __ ----------_-_--________ 8, 11 

amblyrhyncha .. __ --- __ -- __ -- _ -- _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 9 

arctica. ___ -- ____ ------------------- __ __ __ _ 9 

balsamoides __ ----------------------------. 11 

ciliata ______ __ ---- __ ----- _ -- _-- ---- _ _ _ __ __ _ 3 

crenata. ___ ------------------------------- 12 eotremuloides _______ ______________________ _ 

flabellum. ___ ----------------------------- 9 

oaudini. ---------------------------------- 11 

glandulifera .. __ ------------------- _______ . 11 

heeriana. __ ------------------------------- 12 

heerii. _____ . _.-------------------- _. _. _. _. 12 

heteromorpha _____ ------------------------. 24 kenaiana _________________________ 3, 5, 6, 12; pl. 3 

latior ______ . ___ ---------- ____ ------- _ --.-. 11 

lindoreni__________________________________ 12 

reniformis_________________________________ 3 

richardsonL. __________ -- ________ ---- _ __ __ 12 

tacamahacca. ___ --- __ . ---- ___ ------ __ __ _ _ _ 7 

washoensis ___ _________ ----- _- __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 6 

zadachi. _ --------------------------------- 9 

Potamogeton SP------------------------------- 3, 7 

prerhombifolia, Alnus.------------------------ 17 

princeps, Laurus______________________________ 14 

prisca, Betula.----------------------------- 17, 19,21 

Protojicus inaequalis __ -----.-----.---. _ __ ____ _ 10 

Prunus hartungi aequalis______________________ 13 

olympica__________________________________ 13 

rustii. __________ -. _. ---- _ ~- -- ___________ -- 16 

SP- --------------------------------------- 4, 6 pseudobliqua, Faxinus.________________________ 9 

pseudomonticola, Salix. __ --------------------- 15 

pseudopunctata, Juglans______________________ 9,13 

Pterocarya _________________________________ 3, 5, 8,15 

mixta_____________________________________ 3,15 

nigella ____________ ____ ------------ 3, 5, 6, 15; pl. 3 

septentrionale.---------._------_--________ 11 

(Cycloptera) sp.--- ----------------------- 3 

SP----------------------------------------

Pteropsida. ___ ------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 Pterospermites _____ ---- ______________ -- ____ __ _ 12 

alaskana ____ _ • _. _. -- _.- ____ -------- __ _ _ __ _ 23 

auriculaecordat?ts _____ ----- __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ _ 12 

conjunctivus •• _ --------------------------- 12 dentatus ______________________________ 2, 12; pl. 2 

magnifolia. ------------------------------- 23 vagans. _____________ . --- __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ 12 

Q 

Quercophyllum groenlandicus__________________ 2 

Quecrus ____ ---------------------------- ______ 11, 12 alas kana. _____________ ---_________________ 11 

artocarpites. __ ---------------------------- 11 bretzi. _ __ ___ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ____ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ 3 

conjunctiva _____ ----.---. ___ --._--_________ 11 

dalli. ------ _______ -- __ ----- _____ ------ _ _ _ _ 19 

flexuosa •.... ------ ___ ------ _. ___ -- _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 11 

furuhjelmi. _- _ -----------------.-- __ __ _ _ __ 3 

juglandina ... _____ . -------- _ ____ __ _ _ _____ _ 11 

meriana. ___ ------------------------------ 11 

olafseni.---------------- __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ 19 

oreooniana ... __ __ __ __ __ _____ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ 17 

steenstr-upiana. _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ 19 

sullyi.. ________________ •. _ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ 11 

B31 

R Page 

Ranales. _____ -------------------------------- B3, 4 

relata, Alnus _______________ --_________________ 17 

relatus, Alnus. __ ----------------------------- 16 Phyllites. ______________ .__________________ 16 

reniformis, Populus ... --------_ .. _____________ 3 

Rhmnnales ...... ----------------------.------ Rhamnus gaudini_____________________________ 14 

Rhododendron _____________ -_--- _______ ---_____ 25 

weaveri _______________________ : _______ 6,25; pl. 8 

Rhus olabra .. ________ -------- __ ---- _ --. _____ -- 8 

Ribes sp. ___________ --------------------- _----

richardsoni, Dicotylophyllum ___________ 2, 10, 12; pl. 1 

Populus. ______________ --_________________ 12 

Salix ____ --------------------------------- 13 Rosa cetera____________________________________ 11 

conjirmata. ____ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14 

Rosaceae __ ---------------------------- 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 24 Rosales _____________________________________ 4, 5 6, 8 

Rubiales. ___ --------------------------------- 4, 6 Rubus sp __ ----- ______ --- ___ -- ___ -- __ -- ____ -- _ 5 

rustii, Prunus. __ ----------------------------- 16 

s Sabalites ___ __________________________________ _ 

SP- ---------------------------- ~-- -------- Sallcaceae. _ ------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12 

Salicales __________________________________ 3, 5, 6, 7, 8 

salicijolia, Juglans __ ----- __ -- ___ -- _. _ -- _____ -_ 14 

Salix. ___ ------------------------------------- 8 

alaskana ... -------------------------- 6, 13; pl. 4 

amplifolia ____ ----.------------------- __ --- 14 barclayi. .. ____________ -- ________ -- _ _ __ __ _ _ 14 

cappsensis-------------------------- 12, 13; pl. 4 

chuitensis. __ ----------------------- 5, 6, 13; pl. 4 

conjirmata. __ . ----------------------- 6, 14; pl. 3 

cookensis ... -------------------------- 7, 15; pl. 3 

crassijulis _____ ___ ---------- __ --- _ -- ___ --.. 7 

hesperia .... ----------------------------- 5, 14,15 

inquirenda .... ------- __ ---- _ -----.----- _ -- 3 

kachemakensis •. ---------------------- 6, 14; pl. 4 

kenaiana.---------------------------- 8, 13; pl. 4 

lasiandra. ___ ----------------------------- 13 

leopoldae.---------------------------- 8, 14; pl. 4 

ninilchikensis .•. ---------------------- 8, 14; pl. 3 picroides ______________________________ 3, 6, 14,15 

pseudomonticola ____ ___ ---.. --.--- ____ . ---. 15 

ri.:hardsonL. ------------ ___ ------ ____ -- -- 13 scouleriana _____ --- ____ .. __ _____ __ __ _ __ _ __ _ 14 

sitchensis. _. _ ----------------------------- 13 

tenera _________ _ ----------------.--. ___ ---- 14 

tyonekana .. ------------------------ 5, 6, 13; pl. 3 

varians. ___ ------------------------------- 15 sp. _________________ --- _ --- ______ -- _____ -- 3 

Sapindales ______________ ---- ______ ----. _- _- --- 4, 8 

Sapindus ________________ ---- ___ . --.. -- __ . -- _. 11 

ajfinis .. ------------------------------ 2, 11; pl. 2 

Saxifragaceae. __ .. ___ -------.:---------------- 4, 6 

schmidtae, Alnus ____________ 8, 15, 20, 21; pl. 5; fig. 10 

scouleriana, Sali:c. _ --------------------------- 14 

Seldovia Point flora .. _----------------------- 3, 4 

Seldovian flora._--------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6 

seldoviana, Carpinus. __ ------------ 3, 16, 22, 23; pl. 6 

sensibilia, Onoclea ... -~------------------------ 3, 5, 8 

septentrionale, Pterocarya. _- _ ----------------- 11 

septentrionalis, Piper ... ----------------------- 9 

serrulata, Trochodendroides. ______ 2, 9, 10; pl. 1; fig. 1 

Zizyphus. ________ -----------------------. 10 

sessilis, Carya ____ ----------------------------- 3 

Siberian flora .. _____ --- __ ------- __ -------.----

Sinowilsonia SP------------------------------- 2 

sinuata, Alnus________________________________ 20 

sitchensis, Salix._---.------------------------- 13 

Sitklnak Island ..... -------------------------- 5 Sitkinak Island flora__________________________ 5 

Smilax sp _____________ ------ __ ---------------- 3 

Sophora SP----------------------------------- 5 

sophoroides, Uaccinium _____ -------- __ --- _.---- 25 

sorbifolia, Xlmus ... --------------------------- 24 

Sphenopsida __________ -------- __ - __ ----------- 3, 7 
B32 INDEX 

Page Page v Pag~ 

Spiraea andersonL--------------------------- B4 Taxodium distichum ___________________________ B3,6 Vaccinium___ __ __ _ __ __ ___ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ __ _ __ __ B25 

beauverdiana ____________________________ -_ 8, 24 tenera, Salix__________________________________ 14 homerensis __ ------------------------- 6, 25; pl. 8 

hopkimL __________________________ 5, 6, 24; pl. 8 tenuistriatus, Poacites_________________________ 3 sophoroides______ ___ __ __ _____ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ 25 

lindlevan.a. _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ ___ __ __ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ 24 thor, Betula .. ____________ -- ____ --_____________ 5 SP- --------------------------------------- 6 

weaveri~------------------------------ 6,24; pl. 8 Tilia SP--------------------------------------- 4 vagans, Pterospermites ___ --------------------- 12 

steenstrupiana, Quercus_______________________ 19 Tiliaceae ___ --------------------------------- 4, 7,10 varians, Salix __ ---------______________________ 15 

Styracaceae____ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ ___ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 6 Tracheophyta_ ------------------------- 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,·8 Viburnum antiquum__________________________ 11 

sublutea, Betula _______________________________ 15, 16 Triumjetta_____ _____ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ ___ ___ ___ 10 cupanioides ________________________ -- _ __ _ _ 12 

subpictum, Acer ___ --------------------------- 4 Trochodendroides serrulata ______ 2, 9, 10; pl. 1; fig. 1B Vitaceae ___________________________ ---- ___ ---- 4 

sullyi, Quercus________________________________ 11 truncatus, Carpinites __ , ______ _.________________ 17 Vitis _____ ____________________________________ _ 

Symphoricarpos __ ___________________________ -- 7 Tsadaka Formation __ ----------------------- 1, 3, 26 crenata ____________ -------- _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ __ 12 

sp_ --------------------------------------- 4, 6 tvonekana, Salix ________________________ 5, 6, 19; pl. 3 SP- --------------------------------------- 4 

Systematic list of flora of the type Homerian. _ 6 Typha SP------------------------------------- 5 

Systematic list of the Homerlan flora from Typhaceae. ______________________ :_ ___ _ _ _ __ __ 5 w 

Chuitna River____________________ 5 

Systematic list of the Seldovia Point flora____ 3 

Systematic list of type Clamgulchian flora____ 7 

Systematics._________________________________ 8 

T 

u Ulmaceae __________________________ -~ _________ 3, 4, 6 

Ulmus________________________________________ 5, 9 

borealis_. _ _ ____ _ __ _ __ __ __ ___ __ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ 21 

longifolio__________________________________ 3, 9 

washoensis, Populus__________________________ 6 

weaveri, Lepargyraea__________________________ 25 

Rhododendron ________________________ 6,25; pl. 8 

Spiraea.----------------------------- 6, 24; pl. 8 

Woodwardia arctica. ____ ---------------------- 8 

tacamahacca, Populus ________________________ _ 

tanarius, Macaranga__________________________ 12 

newberrvL __ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ ___ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 3 

sorbifolia ___ _______ -_ --------- _- ____ ---- __ - 24 

Umbelliflorae_________________________________ 4, 6 

z 

zadachi, Populus ______________ ·--------------- 9 taurtnensfs, Aralia .. __________________________ 11 Upper Atanikerdluk flora ___ ----------------- 2, 4 Zelkova oregoniana.----------------------'~---- 3 

Taxodiaceae-----"------------------------ 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 Urticales. _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 Zizyphvs serrulata _________ -- ___ --- _ _ _ _____ _ _ _ 10 

U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 191)6 0 - 796-792 
PLATES 1-8 
PLATE 1 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Carya antiquora Newberry. (p. B8). 

Hypotype, USNM 42183; loc. 9881. 

2. Cocculus flabella (Newberry) Wolfe. (p. B9). 

Hypotypes, USNM 42282, 42286; loc. 9881. 

3. Trochodendroides serrulata (Ward) Wolfe. (p. B 10). 

Hypotype, USNM 42186; loc. 9870. 

4. Dicotylophyllum richardsoni (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B12). 

Hypotype, USNM 42184; loc. 9881. 

5. Dennstaedtia americana Knowlton. (p. B8). 

Hypotype, USNM 42182; loc. 9873. 

6. Grewiopsis auriculaecordatus (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B 12). 

Hypotypes, USNM 42283, 42284; loc. 9870. 

7. Hamamelites inaequalis (Newberry) Brown. (p. B10). 

Hypotype, USNM 42188; loc. 9870. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 1 

5 6 

FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON FORMATION 
PLATE 2 

(All figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Dicotylophyllum flexuosa (Newberry) Wolfe. (p. :Sll). 

Hypotype, USNM 42191; loc. 9881. 

2. Dicotylophyllum alaskana (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B 11). 

Hypotype USNM 42190; loc. 98~n. 

3. "Sapindus" a.ffinis Newberry. (p. Bll). 

Hypotype, USNM 42189; loc. 9881. 

4. Pterospermites cf. P. dentatus Heer. (p. B12). 

USNM 42192; loc. 9881. 

5. "Planera" microphylla Newberry. (p. B9). 

Hypotypes, USNM 42281, 42285; loc. 9881. 
GEOLOGICAC SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 2 

3 

5 

4 

FLORA OF THE CHICKALOON FORMATION 
PLATE 3 

[A II figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Populus kenaiana Wolfe. (p. B12). 

Hypotype, USNM 42264; loc. 9858. 

2. Salix confirmata (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B 14). 

Hypotype, USNM 42267; loc. 9854. 

3. Pterocarya nigella (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B15). 

Hypotype, USN·M 42272; loc. 9845. 

4, 5. Salix cookensis Wolfe. (p. B 15). 

4. Holotype, USNM 42270; loc. 9360. 

5. Paratype, USNM 42271; loc. 9360. 

6. Salix ninilchike.nsis Wolfe. (p. B14). 

Paratype, USNM 42269; loc. 9862. 

7. Salix tyonekana Wolfe. (p. B13). 

Holotype, USNM 42265; loc. 9844. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 3 

4 5 7 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION 
PLATE 4 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1, 2. Salix chuitensis Wolfe. (p. B13). 

1. Holotype, USNM 42200; loc. 9844. 

2. Paratype, USNM 42201; loc. 9844. 

3, 4, 8. Salix kachemakensis Wolfe. (p. B14). 

3. Paratype, USNM 42195; loc. 9852. 

4. Paratype, USNM 42196; loc. 9853. 

8. Holotype, USNM 42193; loc. 9853. 

5. Salix alas kana Hollick. (p. B13). 

Hypotype, USNM 42198; loc. 9853. 

6. Salix cappsensis Wolfe. (p. B12). 

Holotype, USNM 42261; loc. 9845. 

7. Salix kenaiana Wolfe. (p. BJ3). 

Holotype, USNM 42199; loc. 9862. 

9. Salix leopoldae Wolfe. (p. B14). 

Holotype, USNM 42197; loc. 9360. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

5 

< 

t- ....... 

I '-'N ~ 

.. I ''• 

2 

\ 

t 

6 

3 

8 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 4 

4 

9 
PLATE 5 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Almts schmidtae Wolfe. (p. B21). 

Holotype, USNM 42003; loc. 9862. 

2, 6. Corylus chttitensis Wolfe. (p. B23). 

2. Holotype, USNM 42257; loc. 9844. 

6. Paratype, USNM 42258; loc. 9844. 

3, 4. Alnus evidens (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B18). 

3. Hypotype, USNM 42275; loc. 9359. 

4. Hypotype, USNM 42276; loc. 9887. 

5, 7. Alnus barnesi Wolfe. (p. B19). 

5. Paratype, USNM 42277; loc. 9845. 

7. Holotype, USNM 42202; loc. 9845. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B P LATE 5 

6 7 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION 
PLATE 6 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURES 1, 4. Alnus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B19) 

. 1. Hypotype, USNM 42205; loc. 9365. 

4. Hypotype, USNM 42206; loc. 9365. 

2, 5. AlnM corylina Knowlton and Cockerell. (p. B19) 

Hypotypes, USNM 42208, 42207; loc. 9844. 

3. Carpimts cappsensis Wolfe. (p. B22) 

Holotype, USNM 42213; loc. 9845. 

6. Carpinus seldoviana Wolfe. (p. B23). 

Holotype, USNM 42212; loc. 9858. 

7. Carpinus cobbi Wolfe. (p. B23). 

Holotype, USNM 42214; loc. 9361. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 6 

,.. 

r 

3 

,.. 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION 
PLATE 7 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Cocculus auriculata (Heer) Wolfe. (p. B24). 

Hypotype, USNM 42278; loc. 9858. 

2, 6. Alnus cappsi (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B19). 

2. Hypotype, USNM 42259; loc. 9365. 

6. Hypotype, USNM 42260; loc. 9365. 

3. Alnusfairi (Knowlton) Wolfe. (p. B17). 

Hypotype, USNM 42210; loc. 9365. 

4. Alnus healyensis Wolfe. (p. B17). 

Hypotype, USNM 42209; loc. 9850. 

5. Alnus largei (Knowlton) Wolfe. (p. B16). 

Hypotype, USNM 42211; loc. 9850. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 7 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION 
PLATE 8 

[All figures natural size] 

FIGURE 1. Cornus sp. USNM 42221; loc. 9844. (p. B25). 

2. Spiraea hopkinsi Wolfe. (p. B24). 

Holotype, USNM 42225; loc. 9361. 

3. Cladrastis japonica (Tanai and Suzuki) Wolfe. (p. B24). 

Hypotype, USNM 42223; loc. 9844. 

4. Spiraea weaveri Hollick. (p. B24). 

Hypotype, USNM 42222; loc. 9366. 

5. Vaccinium homerensis Wolfe. (p. B25). 

Hypotype, USNM 42229; loc. 9844. 

6. Acer ezoanum Oishi and Huzioka. (p. B25). 

Hypotype, USNM 42224; loc. 9858. 

7, 8. Rhododendron weaveri (Hollick) Wolfe. (p. B25). 

Hypotypes, USNM 42227, 42228; loc. 9844. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 398-B PLATE 8 

2 

3 

1 

5 

7 8 

FLORA OF THE KENAI FORMATION