From: Barnett, Keith 

Sent: Friday, August 28, 2015 1:25 PM 

To: Frey, Nathan J.; Aaron_L_Szabo@omb.eop.gov 

Cc: Nizich, Sharon; Jordan, Scott; VanLare, Paula 

Subject: Requested Information on the Brick NESHAP 

Hello Aaron – 

As we discussed this week, we think all the small kilns will be able to meet the limits (in particular 

the lb/hr metals and Hg concentration limits). Thus, any small entity that incurs control costs will do 

so because they have a large kiln that can’t meet the large kiln limit(s). 

There are 15 small entities with at least one large kiln. Note that where we have no site specific 

emission data the potential to become a synthetic area source is based on emission factors we 

calculated from facilities where we have emissions data. 

We took information from actual companies and then developed a modeled data base since we did 

not have enough data to know how much each facility would need to spend on controls. Thus, 

most of our projections of which facilities would actually need to install air emissions controls 

(particularly for small entities) and all of our cost estimates are based on modeled data. Our 

results showed that possibly 6 small companies would need to install controls, but the data we 

have doesn’t allow us to determine which specific facilities those are. 

Attached are four files: 

1. MACT final draft memo 

2. Impacts final draft memo 

3. Table of promulgated vs final limits, including a comparison of what the final limits would have 

looked like if we had retained 12% of the universe of kilns as our basis for the MACT floor. 

4. List of modeled plants and their associated costs for controls. 

Please let us know when you would like to discuss next week. Thanks. 

Keith Barnett 

919-541-5605 

<< E O 12866_Brick Clay 2060-AP69 MACT memo_DRAFT 8 27.docx >> 

<< E O 12866_Brick Clay 2060-AP69 IMPACTS memo_DRAFT 8 27-530pm.docx >> 

<< E.O. 12866_Brick & Clay 2060-AP69 Table of Modeled Plant Costs_DRAFT 8 27.xlsx >> 

<< E.O. 12866_Brick & Clay 2060-AP69 Table of Proposal and Promulgated Limits _DRAFT 8 

27.xlsx >> 
DRAFT 

Date: August 26, 2015 

To: Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD 

From: Gabrielle Raymond and Kristin Sroka (RTI International) 

Subject: Final Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis for 

Brick and Structural Clay Products 

I. Introduction 

In accordance with section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) established national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants 

(NESHAP) on May 16, 2003, for the brick and structural clay products (BSCP) manufacturing 

industry. The NESHAP regulated emissions of hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride 

(HCl), and particulate matter (PM)—a surrogate for hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals—from 

tunnel kilns located at BSCP facilities. On March 13, 2007, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated the 

emission standards for BSCP manufacturing due to issues associated with the methodology used 

to determine the minimum regulatory “floors” for new and existing units.1 Therefore, on 

December 18, 2014, the EPA proposed new standards for BSCP manufacturing, including 

standards for HF, HCl, chlorine (Cl2), mercury (Hg), and non-Hg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). 

The EPA provided a 90-day public comment period following proposal of the BSCP 

Manufacturing NESHAP, during which all affected parties were given the opportunity to 

comment on the proposed rule. The EPA has considered the comments received and, as 

appropriate, incorporated them into the final rule. 

Section 112 of the CAA requires that the EPA establish NESHAP for the control of the 

HAP emitted from both new and existing sources in a source category. These standards must 

reflect the maximum degree of reduction in the HAP emissions that is achievable. The minimum 

level of control is referred to as the “maximum achievable control technology (MACT) floor.” 

The method for determining the MACT floor is defined for both new and existing sources by 

CAA section 112(d)(3). For new sources, the MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the 

emission control that is achieved in practice by the best controlled similar source. For existing 

sources, the MACT floor cannot be less stringent than the average emission limitation achieved 

by the best performing 12 percent of existing sources for source categories with 30 or more 

sources, or the best performing 5 sources for source categories with fewer than 30 sources. 

 

1 Sierra Club v. EPA, 479 F.3d 875 (D.C. Cir. 2007). 
2 

The purpose of this memorandum is to present the methodology and the results of the 

MACT floor analysis for the BSCP source category. This MACT floor analysis uses data 

collected in a survey of BSCP owners and operators conducted by the EPA in 2008 and 2010 

under section 114 of the CAA and data received during the public comment period. The 

emissions data supplied by BSCP owners and operators in response to the survey and the public 

comment period were compiled into a Microsoft Excel® data base that serves as the dataset used 

for this MACT floor analysis (referred to in this memorandum as the “survey dataset”). For 

more details about the survey dataset, see Test Data Used in BSCP Final Rule (Raymond, 2015). 

II. Hazardous Air Pollutants 

The specific chemicals, compounds, or groups of compounds designated to be HAP are 

listed in CAA section 112(b). Included on the list are metals, organic compounds, and inorganic 

chemicals. From this HAP list, the following HAP were identified to be emitted from BSCP 

facilities: the acid gases HF, HCl, and Cl2; the metals antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), beryllium 

(Be), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), Hg, nickel (Ni), 

and selenium (Se); and dioxins and furans (D/F). MACT floor levels for HAP metals other than 

Hg were analyzed using filterable PM emissions as a surrogate for total non-Hg HAP metals 

from BSCP facilities (see the preamble to the BSCP proposed rule for more information about 

filterable PM as a surrogate for total non-Hg HAP metals). 

MACT floors were not developed for acid gases or D/F. A health-based emission limit 

was developed for acid gases under CAA section 112(d)(4), and work practice standards were 

developed for D/F under CAA section 112(h). The rationale behind these standards is discussed 

in the preamble to the BSCP final rule. 

III. MACT Floor Analysis Subcategories 

Under CAA section 112(d)(1), the EPA has the discretion to “...distinguish among 

classes, types, and sizes of sources within a category or subcategory in establishing...” standards. 

When separate subcategories are established, a MACT floor is determined separately for each 

subcategory. To determine whether the BSCP source category warrants subcategorization for 

the MACT floor analysis, the EPA reviewed BSCP tunnel kiln design, operating information, 

and emissions data compiled in the survey dataset and other information collected by the Agency 

for development of the NESHAP for this source category (Raymond et. al, 2014). Based on this 

review, the EPA concluded that there are significant design and operational differences in BSCP 

tunnel kilns that affect the levels of emissions of certain HAP to justify subcategorizing BSCP 

tunnel kilns for the purpose of establishing MACT floors. For the BSCP source category, the 

following two subcategories were identified: 

 Large tunnel kilns: New and existing BSCP tunnel kilns with a design capacity equal to 

or greater than 10 tons per hour (tph) of fired product. 

 Small tunnel kilns: New and existing BSCP tunnel kilns with a design capacity less than 

10 tph of fired product. 
3 

For the final standards, these subcategories were used for the MACT floors for Hg, PM, 

and non-Hg HAP metals. 

IV. MACT Floor Analysis Concepts 

A. Upper Prediction Limit 

The MACT floor analysis for BSCP manufacturing uses an upper prediction limit (UPL) 

approach to identify the average emission limitation achieved by those best performing sources. 

The EPA uses a UPL approach in its MACT floor analyses because it incorporates the average 

performance of the best performing sources and the variability of the performance during testing 

conditions. The UPL represents the value which one can expect the mean of a specified number 

of future observations (e.g., 3-run average) to fall below for the specified level of confidence, 

based upon the results of an independent sample from the same population. The level of 

confidence represents the level of protection afforded to facilities whose emissions are in line 

with the best performers. For example, a 99 percent level of confidence means that a facility 

whose emissions are in line with the best performers has one chance in 100 of exceeding the 

floor limit. A prediction interval for a single future observation (or an average of several test 

observations) is an interval that will, with a specified degree of confidence, contain the next (or 

the average of some other pre-specified number of) randomly selected observation(s) from a 

population. In other words, the UPL estimates what the upper bound of future values will be, 

based upon present or past background samples taken. The UPL approach encompasses all the 

data point-to-data point variability. The predictions derive from the dataset to which it is 

applied, and, thus, can be applied to any type of data. 

There are different equations for calculating a UPL based on the distribution of the 

dataset. Data can be normally distributed, lognormally distributed, or neither and thus have a 

skewed/unknown distribution. The EPA implemented the statistical tests of skewness and 

kurtosis to determine the distribution of the best performing sources’ data. 

The skewness statistic (S) characterizes the degree of asymmetry of a given data 

distribution. Normally distributed data have an S value of zero. An S value that is greater than 

zero indicates that the data are asymmetrically distributed with a right tail extending towards 

positive values; similarly, an S value that is less than zero indicates that the data are 

asymmetrically distributed with a left tail extending towards negative values. The value of S can 

be approximated using the following equation (which is implemented in Microsoft Excel® using 

the “SKEW” function): 

  

3

1 2 1







 



 

  

n

i

i

stdev

x x

n n

n Skewness

where: 

 n = sample size 

x = mean of MACT floor pool 
4 

 xi = individual source mean 

 stdev =  

   



1

2

n

x x i

As part of determining whether a data distribution can be considered normal, the S value 

must be compared to the standard error of the skewness statistic (SES). The SES value can be 

approximated using the following equation: 

  

    2 1 3

6 1

  

   n n nn n SES

According to the skewness hypothesis test, if the absolute value of S is less than two 

times the absolute value of SES, the skewness of the data can be considered normal. 

The kurtosis statistic (K) characterizes the degree of peakedness or flatness of a given 

data distribution in comparison to a normal distribution. Normally distributed data have a K 

value of zero. A K value that is greater than zero indicates a relatively peaked distribution. A K 

value that is less than zero indicates a relatively flat distribution. The estimate of K can be 

calculated one of two ways. For datasets with more than three run values, kurtosis can be 

estimated using the following equation (which is implemented in Microsoft Excel® using the 

“KURT” function): 

 

   

 

   2 3

3 1

1 2 3

1 4 2

 

 















 



 



 

  

   n n

n

stdev

x x

n n n

n n Kurtosis

This equation cannot be used for datasets with three run values (n=3) because there will 

be a zero in the denominator of the first and second term. Instead, for datasets with three run 

values, kurtosis is estimated using the following equation: 

 

   3

1 4

1

4

 







n stdev

x x

Kurtosis

n

i

i

As part of determining whether a data distribution can be considered normal, the K value 

must be compared to the standard error of the kurtosis statistic (SEK). The SEK value can be 

approximated using the following equation: 

   

     2 3 3 5

24 1 2

   

  n n n nn n SEK

 (for datasets with more than three runs (n>3)) 
5 

n

SEK 24 

 (for datasets with three runs (n=3)) 

According to the kurtosis hypothesis test, if the absolute value of K is less than two times 

the absolute value of SEK, the kurtosis of the data can be considered normal. 

For this MACT floor analysis, if the results from both the skewness and kurtosis 

hypothesis tests indicated the dataset was normally distributed, the dataset was treated as 

normally distributed in subsequent UPL calculations. If either of these tests indicated the dataset 

was not normally distributed, the dataset was log-transformed, and the log-transformed dataset 

was evaluated for kurtosis and skewness. If both tests of the log-transformed data indicated the 

log-transformed dataset was normally distributed, the dataset was treated as lognormally 

distributed in subsequent UPL calculations. If either of these tests indicated the log-transformed 

dataset was not normally distributed, the dataset was treated as skewed/unknown distribution in 

subsequent UPL calculations. 

For datasets with only three run values, the result of both the skewness and kurtosis 

hypothesis tests always indicate the dataset is normally distributed. Therefore, to determine the 

appropriate data distribution for those datasets, the skewness/SES values from raw data were 

compared to the skewness/SES values from log-transformed data. The smaller skewness/SES 

value was selected as an indication of a larger likelihood of the data to come from the 

corresponding distribution. 

After completing the determination of the type of data distribution for each dataset, the 

UPL was calculated using the corresponding equation for the distribution for that dataset. The 

UPL equations for normal, lognormal, and skewed/unknown distribution datasets are provided 

below. 

Normally Distributed Dataset 





 



   

n m

UPL x t s df

2 1 1 ,0.99

where: 

 UPL = upper prediction limit 

x = mean of the data calculated as     N

i

n

j ij

i

x

n

x

1 1

1

 n = number of test runs = 

N

i i n1

 m = number of future test runs in the compliance average 

 N = number of sources 
6 

 s2 = pooled variance calculated as       n

i i x x

n

s

1

2 1 2

 tdf,0.99 = quantile of t-distribution at the 99 percent level of confidence with degrees of 

freedom (df); this value can be calculated with the Student’s t-test statistical 

method, using the “TINV” function in Microsoft Excel® software 

 df = degrees of freedom calculated as   1

1    

N

i i df n

Lognormally Distributed Dataset (Bhaumik and Gibbons, 2004) 

   















        2 1

ˆ ˆ 1

2 4

99 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ 2 2 ˆ ˆ 2 0.

ˆ ˆ 2 2 2

2

n n

me e m e

m

z UPL e         

where: 

ˆ = 

n

log y n

i  i 1 ( )

 = the average of the log transformed data from the data 

2 ˆ = 

   

1

ˆ 1

2



  

n

log y n

i i  = variance estimate of the log transformed data 

 Z0.99 = the 99th-percentile of the log-normal distribution estimated using the 

trapezoidal rule approach from the following equation:

       0.99

24

3 3 6 3

6

1 0.99

0

2 4

1 3 2  













        z

z z

z z z z z   

Skewed/Unknown Distribution (Non-Normal/Non-Lognormal) (Gayen, 1949) 





 



   

n m

UPL x t s df p

2 1 1 ,

where: 

 UPL = upper prediction limit 

x = mean of the data calculated as     N

i

n

j ij

i

x

n

x

1 1

1

 n = number of test runs = 

N

i i n1

 m = number of future test runs in the compliance average 

 N = number of sources 
7 

 s2 = pooled variance calculated as       n

i i x x

n

s

1

2 1 2

 tdf,p = recalculated quantile of t-distribution based on specified level of confidence 

(i.e., 99%) 

 df = degrees of freedom calculated as   1

1    

N

i i df n

B. Representative Detection Limit 

The imprecision of test method measurements is another component of data variability. 

At very low emissions levels, as encountered in some of the data in the BSCP dataset, the 

inherent imprecision in the pollutant measurement method has a large influence on the reliability 

of the data underlying a MACT floor emission limit. Of particular concern are those data that 

are reported near or below a test method’s pollutant detection capability. Because of matrix 

effects, laboratory techniques, sample volume, and other factors, method detection limits 

normally vary from test to test. The guidelines for the 2010 section 114 BSCP survey requested 

that sources identify (i.e., flag) data which were measured below the method detection limit and 

to report those values as equal to the test-specific method detection limit. 

Variability of data due to measurement imprecision is inherently and reasonably 

addressed in calculating a MACT floor emission limit when most of the data are significantly 

above the method detection limit. For datasets with a large number of test results below the 

method detection limit (reported as method detection limit values), other techniques need to be 

used to account for data variability. Indeed, under such a shift, the data distribution becomes 

truncated on the lower end, leading to an artificial overabundance of values occurring at the 

method detection limit. There is a concern that a MACT floor emission limit based on a 

truncated data base (i.e., calculated using values at or near the method detection limit) may not 

account adequately for data measurement variability, because the measurement error associated 

with those values provides a large degree of uncertainty. 

The expected measurement imprecision for an emissions value occurring at or near the 

detection limit is about 40 to 50 percent. Relative pollutant measurement imprecision decreases 

to a consistent 10 to 15 percent for values measured at a level about three times the method 

detection limit (ASME, 2001). 

The approach taken to account for measurement variability includes defining a detection 

limit that is representative of the data used in establishing a MACT floor emission limitation and 

also minimizes the influence of an outlier test-specific method detection limit value. The EPA 

has developed a list of representative detection levels (RDL) from available pollutant-specific 

method detection levels (Westlin and Merrill, 2011). These RDL values are then multiplied by 

three to decrease measurement imprecision to around 10 to 15 percent (as noted in the previous 

paragraph), resulting in values referred to as “3xRDL” values. 

The appropriate 3xRDL value is compared to the calculated UPL value for each pollutant 

and subcategory. The larger of the 3xRDL value and the calculated UPL value is used for the 
8 

MACT floor emission limit to ensure that measurement variability is adequately addressed. This 

check was part of the variability analysis for all existing MACT floors. 

For more information regarding the general use of the UPL and why it is appropriate for 

calculating MACT floors, see the memorandum Use of the Upper Prediction Limit for 

Calculating MACT Floors (Telander, 2014a). 

C. Mercury Raw Material Variability Factor 

The Brick Industry Association (BIA) coordinated with several BSCP facilities to test the 

Hg content of the raw materials used and provided the data to the EPA. The EPA mapped the 

facilities and quarry locations provided by BIA to identify two distinct quarry locations, an OK 

deposit and an OH deposit, for use in the development of a Hg raw material variability factor. 

The BIA provided the Hg content (ppb) for samples from several different BSCP 

facilities. See Appendix E for data provided by the BIA. As discussed in Mercury Content of 

Oklahoma and Ohio Shale Deposits Supplying the Brick Industry (Fairchild, 2015), the EPA 

used the raw material data from two deposits, Oklahoma and Ohio. 

For each deposit, a facility average of the raw material data was first calculated, then the 

deposit average was calculated by averaging the facility averages. Next, the standard deviation 

of the facility averages was calculated. Then the relative standard deviation (RSD) was 

calculated for each deposit by dividing the deposit average by the deposit standard deviation for 

each deposit. The overall RSD is the average of the Oklahoma and Ohio RSDs. Please see 

Appendix E for the calculation of the overall RSD. 

The overall RSD, or Hg Raw Material RSD, was then used to calculate the Hg Raw 

Material Variability factor, which was incorporated into each UPL template (Normal, 

Lognormal, and Skewed/Unknown) as described below. 

1. Calculate Intra Quarry Variance (IQV) 

 

2 IQV  RSD x

Where: 

RSD = Relative standard deviation 

x = mean of the raw data 

2. Incorporate IQV into pooled variance to adjust the variance of the floor pool 

Normal and Skewed/Unknown UPL Template 

 Adjusted Variance = s  IQV 2
9 

Lognormal UPL Template 

 Adjusted Variance =     IQV

n n

me e m e 































     

2 1

ˆ ˆ 1

2 4

2 ˆ ˆ ˆ 2 2 ˆ ˆ  2 2  2  

3. Incorporate Adjusted Variance into UPL equation 

Normal UPL Template 

  



 



    

n m

UPL x tdf s IQV 2 1 1 ,0.99

Skewed/Unknown UPL Template 

  



 



    

n m

UPL x tdf p s IQV 2 1 1 ,

Lognormal UPL Template 

    IQV

n n

me e m e

m

z UPL e 































        

2 1

ˆ ˆ 1

2 4

0.99 2 ˆ ˆ ˆ 2 2 ˆ ˆ 2

ˆ ˆ 2 2 2

2

        

Please see the Appendix B Microsoft Excel® files for the specific UPL calculation and 

how the Hg raw material variability factor was incorporated for Large and Small Tunnel Kiln Hg 

floors (lb/ton, lb/hr, and μg/dscm @ 17% O2). 

V. MACT Floor Analysis Methodology 

Step 1. 

The first step in the MACT floor analysis was to calculate an average emission value for 

each source per pollutant and per unit of measure based on the available test data. Averages were 

calculated in terms of lb/ton and concentration for PM and Hg, as well as lb/hr for non-Hg HAP 

metals and Hg. 
10 

For any run fractions per test run marked as “< method detection limit (or other reporting 

limit)” the fraction was considered BDL.2

 For this analysis, the method detection limit for that 

fraction was used as the mass to calculate a run value (i.e., lb/ton, μg/dscm, and lb/hr). For PM 

runs, if the mass was below the 1 milligram (mg) RDL value, 1 mg was used as the mass to 

calculate a run value (Raymond, 2014). 

Step 2. 

Once an average emission value was calculated for each source, in each subcategory and 

pollutant, all of the individual average emission values were ranked from lowest to highest value. 

See Appendix A for the rankings for each pollutant and subcategory. 

Step 3. 

From the rankings shown in Appendix A, the best performing sources were identified 

consistent with the criteria in CAA section 112(d)(3) for determining MACT floors for new and 

existing sources. These sources are referred to as the “MACT floor pool.” For the new source 

MACT floors, the best controlled similar source was identified from the sources that had 

individual source test run data in the survey dataset. For the existing source MACT floors, the 

number of sources in the MACT floor pool was determined on an individual subcategory basis, 

as described in Table 1. 

Table 1. Number of Sources in Existing Source MACT Floor Poola

Pollutant Subcategory 

No. Sources 

Nationwide 

No. Sources with 

Data 

No. Sources in 

MACT Floor Pool 

PM Large Kilns 122 68 9 

PM Small Kilns 98 18 3 

Non-Hg HAP Metals Large Kilns 122 14 2 

Non-Hg HAP Metals Small Kilns 98 2 1 

Hg Large Kilns 122 19 3 

Hg Small Kilns 98 2 1 

a Each MACT floor pool is based on 12 percent of the sources with data. 

Step 4. 

Each MACT floor dataset (for each subcategory and pollutant) was evaluated for kurtosis 

and skewness to determine the distribution, as described in Section IV.A of this memorandum. 

Step 5. 

After determining the type of data distribution for the dataset, the UPL was calculated 

using the corresponding equation for the distribution for that dataset, as described in Section 

 

2

 For the EPA Method 29 multi-metals test, each metal lab analysis typically has two separate fractions: front-half 

(filter) and back-half (impinger catch); mercury can have three additional back-half fractions. 
11 

IV.A of this memorandum. See Appendix B for UPL summary tables for new and existing 

sources. 

Step 6. 

The results of the UPL calculation were compared to the 3xRDL value of the relevant 

performance test method(s) (Westlin and Merrill, 2011). As described in Section IV, this step 

ensures that data measurement variability is addressed. 

The 3xRDL values in the guidance document (Westlin and Merrill, 2011) were given in 

units of concentration (micrograms per dry standard cubic meter [μg/dscm] with no oxygen 

correction). The PM emission limits for the final BSCP NESHAP are in units of pound per ton 

(lb/ton) of brick and grains per dry standard cubic foot at 17 percent oxygen (gr/dscf @ 17% O2). 

The final non-Hg HAP metals emission limit is in units of pounds per hour (lb/hr). The final Hg 

emission limits are in units of lb/ton of brick, micrograms per dry standard cubic meter at 

17 percent oxygen (μg/dscm @ 7% O2), and lb/hr. In order to compare the calculated UPL to the 

3xRDL, the 3xRDL value was converted to the units of the emission limits using a ratio of the 

emission data in the units of interest (e.g., lb/ton brick) to the emission data in μg/dscm 

(uncorrected). See Appendix C for more details about the conversion of the 3xRDL values to the 

units of measure used in UPL calculations. 

The converted 3xRDL value was then compared to the calculated UPL in the same units 

of measure. If the calculated UPL value was less than the 3xRDL value, the 3xRDL value was 

used as the basis for the standard because the 3xRDL value provides the lowest emission rate 

that can be measured using the performance test method while maintaining a relative method 

precision on the order of 10 to 20 percent of the measured value. If the UPL value was equal to 

or greater than the 3xRDL value, then the UPL value was used as the basis for the standard. 

Step 7. 

For limited datasets with less than seven data points, the steps outlined in the 

memorandum Approach for Applying the Upper Prediction Limit to Limited Datasets (Nizich, 

2015) were followed. See Appendix D for more details about limited datasets. 

VI. MACT Floor Analysis Results 

Tables 2 and 3 present the existing source and new source MACT floor values 

determined for the BSCP source category. 
12 

Table 2. Final Existing Source MACT Floors 

Subcategory Pollutant Avg. Var. 

99% 

UPL 3xRDL 

MACT 

Floor 

Rounded Unit of Measure

Large Kilns PM 0.014 8.5E-05 0.035 0.016 0.036 lb/ton 

 Equivalent PM 0.0011 7.8E-07 0.0029 0.0012 0.0029 gr/dscf @ 17% O2

Small Kilns PM 0.063 0.0057 0.36 0.016 0.37 lb/ton 

 Equivalent PM 8.5E-04 1.4E-07 0.0021 0.0010 0.0021 gr/dscf @ 17% O2

Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0013 1.2E-07 0.0022 0.0057 0.0057 lb/hr 

Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.057 2.5E-04 0.10 0.0031 0.11 lb/hr 

Large Kilns Mercury 1.6E-05 9.7E-12 4.0E-05 8.0E-06 4.0E-05 lb/ton 

Equivalent Mercury 3.0 0.65 7.5 1.5 7.6 μg/dscm @ 17% 

O2

Equivalent Mercury 1.7E-04 1.2E-09 5.3E-04 8.0E-05 5.4E-04 lb/hr 

Small Kilns Mercury 1.8E-04 5.5E-11 3.2E-04 1.7E-05 3.3E-04 lb/ton 

Equivalent Mercury 17 0.17 88 1.7 88 μg/dscm @ 17% 

O2

Equivalent Mercury 0.0010 1.8E-09 0.0018 2.0E-04 0.0019 lb/hr 

Table 3. Final New Source MACT Floors 

Subcategory Pollutant Avg. Var. 

99% 

UPL 3xRDL 

MACT 

Floor 

Rounded Unit of Measure

Large Kilns PM 0.0087 1.1E-05 0.018 0.016 0.018 lb/ton 

Equivalent PM 6.1E-04 7.8E-08 0.0014 0.0012 0.0014 gr/dscf @ 17% O2

Small Kilns PM 0.0093 3.0E-05 0.029 0.016 0.030 lb/ton 

Equivalent PM 6.5E-04 1.4E-07 0.0020 0.0010 0.0021 gr/dscf @ 17% O2

Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0012 7.1E-08 0.0027 0.0057 0.0057 lb/hr 

Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.057 2.5E-04 0.10 0.0031 0.11 lb/hr 

Large Kilns Mercury 1.5E-05 8.8E-13 2.7E-05 8.0E-06 2.8E-05 lb/ton 

Equivalent Mercury 2.5 0.68 6.1 1.5 6.1 μg/dscm @ 17% 

O2

Equivalent Mercury 1.4E-04 2.0E-09 3.3E-04 8.0E-05 3.4E-04 lb/hr 

Small Kilns Mercury 1.8E-04 5.5E-11 3.2E-04 1.7E-05 3.3E-04 lb/ton 

Equivalent Mercury 17 0.17 88 1.7 88 μg/dscm @ 17% 

O2

Equivalent Mercury 0.0010 1.8E-09 0.0018 2.0E-04 0.0019 lb/hr 

VII. References 

ASME (founded as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers). 2001. Reference Method 

Accuracy and Precision (ReMAP): Phase 1, Precision of Manual Stack Emission 

Measurements. CRTD Vol. 60, February 2001. 
13 

Bhaumik, D.K. and Gibbons, R.D. 2004. “An Upper Prediction Limit for the Arithmetic Mean 

of a Lognormal Random Variable.” Technometrics, 46(2):239-248. 

Fairchild, S. 2015. Mercury Content of Oklahoma and Ohio Shale Deposits Supplying the Brick 

Industry. Memorandum from Susan Fairchild, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD, to Docket ID No. EPAHQ-OAR-2013-0291. July 29, 2015. 

Gayen, A. K. 1949. “The Distribution of Student’s t in Random Samples of any Size Drawn 

from Non-Normal Universes.” Biometrika, Vol. 36, No. 3/4 (Dec. 1949), pp. 353-369. 

Nizich, S. 2015. Approach for Applying the Upper Prediction Limit to Limited Datasets. 

Memorandum from Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD, to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR2013-0291. XXX XX, 2015. 

Raymond, G. 2015. Test Data Used in BSCP Final Rule. Memorandum from Gabrielle 

Raymond, RTI International, to Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. XXX XX, 2015. 

Raymond, G., Sroka, K., and Munoz, B. 2014. Analysis of Potential Subcategories in the BSCP 

Tunnel Kilns. Memorandum from RTI International, to Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. 

November 6, 2014. 

Telander, J. 2014a. Use of the Upper Prediction Limit for Calculating MACT Floors. 

Memorandum from Jeff Telander, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD, to Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR2013-0291. September 9, 2014. 

Westlin, P. and Merrill, R. 2011. Data and procedure for handling below detection level data in 

analyzing various pollutant emissions databases for MACT and RTR emissions limits. 

Memorandum from Peter Westlin, SPPD/MPG and Raymond Merrill, AQAD/MTG, to 

SPPD management and MACT rule writers. December 13, 2011. 
Appendix A 

MACT Floor Ranking Tables 

 
A-1 

MACT Floor Ranking Tables 

For each source per pollutant and subcategory, an average emission value was calculated. 

The average emission values for each source per pollutant and subcategory were than ranked by the 

average emission values to determine the best performing sources. The corresponding Appendix A 

Microsoft Excel® files provide the calculations for each source average emission value per 

pollutant and subcategory. They also provide the rankings of the average emission values per 

pollutant and subcategory. The following tables are summary excerpts of the rankings from those 

Microsoft Excel® files. The MACT floor pool in each table includes those kilns listed above the 

bolded line.
A-2 

Table A-1. Final Standards for Large Kilns – PM lb/ton Ranking 
A-3 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

514 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.00757 7.68E-06 538 DIFF Large Major Source 0.00868 1.09E-05 yes 508 DIFF Large Major Source 0.01003 1.71E-05 695 None Large Major Source 0.01278 1.26E-06 503 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.01399 3.67E-07 568 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.01709 5.99E-05 696 DLA Large Major Source 0.01761 1.38E-04 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.01799 2.98E-04 yes 604 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.01843 3.98E-05 688 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.02899 1.41E-04 603 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.03278 2.23E-04 558 DIFF Large Major Source 0.03471 1.05E-03 yes 610 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.03602 7.97E-05 673 DLA Large Major Source 0.03627 1.23E-04 674 DLA Large Major Source 0.03627 1.23E-04 662 DLA Large Major Source 0.03784 6.66E-04 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.03790 1.10E-03 yes 606 DIFF Large Major Source 0.03901 1.80E-03 yes 502 DLS Large Major Source 0.04255 1.48E-03 yes 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.04487 1.09E-03 yes 654 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.04500 3.28E-05 583 DLA Large Major Source 0.04765 3.08E-04 680 DLA Large Major Source 0.04959 6.83E-05 653 DIFF Large Major Source 0.05149 4.00E-05 566 DIFF Large Major Source 0.06024 3.28E-03 yes 506 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.06262 4.10E-04 770 DLA Large Major Source 0.06884 1.92E-04 526 DIFF Large Major Source 0.06969 1.05E-03 547 DIFF Large Major Source 0.07636 5.17E-04 548 DIFF Large Major Source 0.07636 5.17E-04 
A-4 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

527 DIFF Large Major Source 0.07699 6.23E-03 yes 725 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.07840 1.93E-03 691 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.08227 4.29E-04 769 DLA Large Major Source 0.08635 4.66E-04 625 DLA Large Major Source 0.09099 5.79E-04 567 DIFF Large Major Source 0.09304 5.67E-04 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.09565 1.82E-03 724 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.09599 7.78E-04 641 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.09977 1.64E-03 518 DLA Large Major Source 0.10624 5.28E-04 679 DLA Large Major Source 0.10847 3.80E-03 738 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.11217 8.58E-03 573 DLA, FCA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.13228 2.02E-04 730 DLA Large Major Source 0.13851 2.63E-03 577 DLA Large Major Source 0.14145 3.56E-02 578 DLA Large Major Source 0.14145 3.56E-02 649 DLA Large Major Source 0.14213 9.04E-03 646 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.14327 1.01E-02 675 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.14825 1.72E-03 740 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.15802 2.68E-03 729 DLA Large Major Source 0.17786 1.91E-03 644 DLA Large Major Source 0.17806 9.79E-04 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.18995 3.55E-02 736 DLA Large Area source (synthetic) 0.20060 7.15E-03 647 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.23418 3.68E-02 655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.23971 5.23E-02 645 DLA Large Major Source 0.26210 6.74E-03 539 None Large Major Source 0.28166 5.73E-03 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.32413 1.33E-01 768 DLA Large Major Source 0.37699 1.40E-02 
A-5 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

643 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.37757 5.25E-02 612 DLA Large Major Source 0.41284 1.27E-02 613 DLA Large Major Source 0.41284 1.27E-02 551 DLA Large Major Source 0.57684 5.15E-02 552 DLA Large Major Source 0.57684 5.15E-02 775 None Large Major Source 0.64068 4.38E-02 766 DLA Large Major Source 0.82067 7.89E-01 767 DLA Large Major Source 0.82067 7.89E-01 
A-6 

Table A-2. Final Standards for Large Kilns – PM gr/dscf @ 17% O2 Ranking 
A-7 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(gr/dscf @ 

17% O2) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

508 DIFF Large Major Source 0.000614 7.83E-08 695 None Large Major Source 0.000648 4.18E-08 514 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.000697 7.72E-08 503 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.000767 9.80E-09 568 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.001337 3.04E-07 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.001558 2.25E-06 yes 604 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.001728 2.37E-07 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.001882 1.99E-06 yes 662 DLA Large Major Source 0.002669 4.05E-06 603 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.002695 1.16E-06 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.002717 4.55E-06 yes 654 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.002767 4.40E-08 606 DIFF Large Major Source 0.002868 9.96E-06 yes 566 DIFF Large Major Source 0.003060 7.11E-06 yes 502 DLS Large Major Source 0.003358 9.86E-06 yes 688 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.003431 2.17E-06 769 DLA Large Major Source 0.003624 2.20E-07 653 DIFF Large Major Source 0.003729 1.18E-06 610 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.003753 2.53E-06 527 DIFF Large Major Source 0.003902 1.29E-05 yes 526 DIFF Large Major Source 0.004072 4.72E-06 538 DIFF Large Major Source 0.004107 1.33E-05 yes 680 DLA Large Major Source 0.004332 3.07E-07 547 DIFF Large Major Source 0.004486 1.69E-06 548 DIFF Large Major Source 0.004486 1.69E-06 506 DLS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.004710 1.64E-06 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.004760 3.68E-06 567 DIFF Large Major Source 0.005333 2.00E-06 558 DIFF Large Major Source 0.005418 2.49E-05 yes 641 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.005652 5.11E-06 
A-8 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(gr/dscf @ 

17% O2) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

518 DLA Large Major Source 0.006929 2.17E-06 770 DLA Large Major Source 0.007347 4.92E-06 725 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.007843 2.07E-05 724 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.008930 1.77E-05 675 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.010095 3.12E-05 646 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.010943 5.19E-05 649 DLA Large Major Source 0.011338 5.89E-05 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.011467 1.28E-04 730 DLA Large Major Source 0.012457 2.12E-05 740 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.012769 2.11E-05 679 DLA Large Major Source 0.013785 4.40E-05 644 DLA Large Major Source 0.014006 6.72E-06 655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.015596 2.35E-04 577 DLA Large Major Source 0.016035 5.14E-04 578 DLA Large Major Source 0.016035 5.14E-04 729 DLA Large Major Source 0.016105 1.28E-05 647 DLA Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.017307 1.94E-04 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.018290 3.63E-04 645 DLA Large Major Source 0.025039 9.03E-05 551 DLA Large Major Source 0.026017 9.22E-05 552 DLA Large Major Source 0.026017 9.22E-05 539 None Large Major Source 0.026224 4.43E-05 768 DLA Large Major Source 0.028201 8.93E-05 612 DLA Large Major Source 0.032152 1.05E-04 613 DLA Large Major Source 0.032152 1.05E-04 643 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 0.038993 8.70E-04 775 None Large Major Source 0.042195 6.60E-05 
A-9 

Table A-3. Final Standards for Small Kilns – PM lb/ton Ranking 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

599 DIFF Small Major Source 0.00930 2.99E-05 549 None Small Major Source 0.01960 1.36E-05 531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.11149 6.80E-03 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.11149 6.80E-03 533 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.18153 1.96E-03 180 None Small Major Source 0.18290 1.06E-03 521 None Small Major Source 0.23121 1.31E-03 178 None Small Major Source 0.24311 5.22E-03 650 None Small Major Source 0.25022 4.06E-03 516 None Small Major Source 0.29156 7.25E-03 179 None Small Major Source 0.31288 1.06E-04 669 None Small Major Source 0.37566 2.73E-04 529 None Small Major Source 0.38192 1.95E-02 530 None Small Major Source 0.39455 1.49E-02 535 None Small Major Source 0.66397 1.98E-02 706 None Small Major Source 0.74622 2.61E-01 704 None Small Major Source 1.18767 6.79E-02 705 None Small Major Source 1.18767 6.79E-02 
A-10 

Table A-4. Final Standards for Small Kilns – PM gr/dscf @ 17% O2 Ranking 

Kiln ID APCD Type Size Class 

Average PM 

(gr/dscf @ 17% 

O2) Variance 

Below 1 

mg Value 

599 DIFF Small Major Source 0.000647 1.43E-07 549 None Small Major Source 0.001046 7.72E-08 531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.006673 3.07E-05 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.006673 3.07E-05 180 None Small Major Source 0.009619 3.02E-06 530 None Small Major Source 0.010404 1.21E-05 178 None Small Major Source 0.011154 1.61E-05 533 SD/ESP Small Major Source 0.011596 3.31E-06 521 None Small Major Source 0.012629 3.03E-06 529 None Small Major Source 0.012911 1.29E-05 179 None Small Major Source 0.014582 3.62E-07 516 None Small Major Source 0.023365 4.50E-05 535 None Small Major Source 0.024064 1.72E-05 650 None Small Major Source 0.025025 7.14E-05 
A-11 

Table A-5. Final Standards for Large Kilns – Non-Hg Metal HAP lb/hr Ranking 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Total 

Non-Hg Metals 

(lb/hr) Variance Overall Statu

526 DIFF Large Major Source 1.15E-03 7.10E-08 DLL 653 DIFF Large Major Source 1.48E-03 2.04E-07 DLL 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.69E-03 5.79E-08 DLL 558 DIFF Large Major Source 1.79E-03 2.33E-06 DLL 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.93E-03 5.98E-08 DLL 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.14E-03 1.60E-08 DLL 508 DIFF Large Major Source 2.71E-03 1.76E-06 DLL 606 DIFF Large Major Source 3.35E-03 8.32E-10 DLL 527 DIFF Large Major Source 3.72E-03 4.65E-07 DLL 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 4.33E-03 1.09E-08 DLL 566 DIFF Large Major Source 4.42E-03 4.27E-06 DLL 655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 4.91E-03 1.41E-07 DLL 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 9.91E-03 4.87E-07 DLL 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.89E-02 7.88E-04 DLL 

Table A-6. Final Standards for Small Kilns – Non-Hg Metal HAP lb/hr Ranking 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Total 

Non-Hg Metals 

(lb/hr) Variance Overall Statu

531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 2.84E-02 6.15E-05 DLL 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 2.84E-02 6.15E-05 DLL 
A-12 

Table A-7. Final Standards for Large Kilns – Hg lb/ton Rankinga 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Hg 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

568 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.48E-05 8.83E-13 BDL 558 DIFF Large Major Source 1.70E-05 1.43E-12 DLL 655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.72E-05 3.10E-11 ADL 547 DIFF Large Major Source 2.31E-05 2.33E-11 DLL 548 DIFF Large Major Source 2.31E-05 2.33E-11 DLL 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.70E-05 8.99E-12 DLL 503 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.91E-05 7.63E-12 DLL 566 DIFF Large Major Source 3.27E-05 2.37E-12 BDL 606 DIFF Large Major Source 3.85E-05 3.30E-11 DLL 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 3.93E-05 4.84E-10 DLL 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 6.22E-05 2.92E-10 DLL 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 7.66E-05 7.09E-12 DLL 775 None Large Major Source 7.79E-05 1.60E-09 DLL 526 DIFF Large Major Source 8.50E-05 7.47E-10 ADL 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 8.94E-05 1.08E-10 ADL 508 DIFF Large Major Source 9.08E-05 1.21E-10 DLL 527 DIFF Large Major Source 9.08E-05 5.98E-11 ADL 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 9.78E-05 1.02E-10 DLL 653 DIFF Large Major Source 1.02E-04 9.35E-12 DLL 

a ADL = above detection level; WS = wet scrubber; NA = not applicable. 
A-13 

Table A-8. Final Standards for Large Kilns – Hg μg/dscm @ 17% O2 Rankinga 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Hg 

(μg/dscm @ 

17% O2) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.51 6.81E-01 ADL 568 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.93 8.86E-02 BDL 547 DIFF Large Major Source 3.67 7.83E-01 DLL 548 DIFF Large Major Source 3.67 7.83E-01 DLL 503 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 3.71 7.82E-02 DLL 566 DIFF Large Major Source 4.53 7.43E-02 BDL 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 4.54 7.95E+00 DLL 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 4.68 1.49E+00 DLL 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 6.17 5.94E-01 DLL 606 DIFF Large Major Source 6.22 2.01E+00 DLL 558 DIFF Large Major Source 6.73 5.28E-01 DLL 526 DIFF Large Major Source 9.36 1.26E+01 ADL 527 DIFF Large Major Source 9.81 6.20E-01 ADL 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 12.25 2.90E-02 DLL 508 DIFF Large Major Source 13.40 3.12E+00 DLL 775 None Large Major Source 13.81 4.96E+01 DLL 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 14.44 5.67E+00 DLL 653 DIFF Large Major Source 14.48 2.28E-02 DLL 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 16.84 5.77E-01 ADL 

a ADL = above detection level; WS = wet scrubber; NA = not applicable. 
A-14 

Table A-9. Final Standards for Large Kilns – Hg lb/hr Rankinga 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Hg 

(lb/hr) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

655 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.37E-04 1.97E-09 ADL 568 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.75E-04 1.25E-10 BDL 558 DIFF Large Major Source 1.94E-04 1.86E-10 DLL 676 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.08E-04 5.33E-10 DLL 503 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 2.77E-04 6.93E-10 DLL 547 DIFF Large Major Source 2.83E-04 1.21E-08 DLL 548 DIFF Large Major Source 2.83E-04 1.21E-08 DLL 720 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 4.03E-04 1.22E-08 DLL 526 DIFF Large Major Source 4.41E-04 2.01E-08 ADL 721 WS Large Area Source (synthetic) 5.74E-04 1.03E-07 DLL 775 None Large Major Source 6.20E-04 1.01E-07 DLL 527 DIFF Large Major Source 6.41E-04 2.98E-09 ADL 606 DIFF Large Major Source 6.48E-04 9.32E-09 DLL 544 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 6.60E-04 4.63E-09 DLL 566 DIFF Large Major Source 6.62E-04 9.71E-10 BDL 653 DIFF Large Major Source 6.78E-04 4.16E-10 DLL 600 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.07E-03 1.55E-08 ADL 543 DIFF Large Area Source (synthetic) 1.12E-03 1.52E-09 DLL 508 DIFF Large Major Source 1.33E-03 2.59E-08 DLL 

a ADL = above detection level; WS = wet scrubber; NA = not applicable. 
A-15 

Table A-10. Final Standards for Small Kilns – Hg lb/ton Rankinga

Kiln No 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average 

(lb/ton) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 1.76E-04 5.51E-11 DLL 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 1.76E-04 5.51E-11 DLL 

a SD/ESP = spray dryer/electrostatic precipitator. 

Table A-11. Final Standards for Small Kilns – Hg μg/dscm @ 17% O2 Rankinga 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class 

Average Hg 

(μg/dscm @ 17% 

O2) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 17.36 1.71E-01 DLL 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 17.36 1.71E-01 DLL 

a SD/ESP = spray dryer/electrostatic precipitator. 

Table A-12. Final Standards for Small Kilns – Hg lb/hr Rankinga 

Kiln ID 

APCD 

Type Size Class Average Hg (lb/hr) Variance 

Overall 

Status 

531 SD/ESP Small Major Source 9.97E-04 7.05E-09 DLL 532 SD/ESP Small Major Source 9.97E-04 7.05E-09 DLL 

a SD/ESP = spray dryer/electrostatic precipitator. 
Appendix B 

UPL Tables 
B-1 

UPL Tables 

Once the best performing sources were identified per pollutant and subcategory, the 

existing and new source UPL values were calculated. The corresponding Appendix B Microsoft 

Excel® files provide the calculations for each existing and new source UPL per pollutant and 

subcategory. They also provide a summary of the UPL values per pollutant and subcategory. 

The following tables are summary excerpts of the UPL values from those Microsoft Excel® 

files.
B-2 

Table B-1. Final Standards Existing Source UPL Summary 

Subcategory Pollutant No. of Sources Industrywide 

No. of 

Sources 

with Data 

Determination 

of No. of 

Sources in 

MACT Floor 

No. of 

Sources 

in MACT 

Floor (N) 

No. Data 

Points in 

MACT 

Floor (n) 

Average 

of Top 

Sources 

Variance 

of Top 

Sources 

Large Kilns PM 122 68 12% Sources with Data 9 31 0.014 8.5E-05  Equivalent PM 122 57 12% Sources with Data 7 23 0.0011 7.8E-07 Small Kilns PM 98 18 12% Sources with Data 3 12 0.063 0.0057  Equivalent PM 98 14 12% Sources with Data 2 6 8.5E-04 1.4E-07 Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 122 14 12% Sources with Data 2 5 0.0013 1.2E-07 Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.057 2.5E-04 Large Kilns Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 3 9 1.6E-05 9.7E-12 4

Equivalent Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 3 9 3.0 0.65 Equivalent Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 3 9 1.7E-04 1.2E-09 5

Small Kilns Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 1.8E-04 5.5E-11 3

Equivalent Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 17 0.17 Equivalent Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.0010 1.8E-09 
B-3 

Table B-2. Final Standards New Source UPL Summary 

Subcategory Pollutant No. of Sources Industrywide 

No. of 

Sources 

with Data 

Determination 

of No. of 

Sources in 

MACT Floor 

No. of 

Sources 

in MACT 

Floor (N) 

No. Data 

Points in 

MACT 

Floor (n) 

Average 

of Top 

Sources 

Variance 

of Top 

Sources 

Large Kilns PM 122 68 12% Sources with Data 1 5 0.0087 1.1E-05  Equivalent PM 122 57 12% Sources with Data 1 5 6.1E-04 7.8E-08 Small Kilns PM 98 18 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.0093 3.0E-05  Equivalent PM 98 14 12% Sources with Data 1 3 6.5E-04 1.4E-07 Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 122 14 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.0012 7.1E-08 Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.057 2.5E-04 Large Kilns Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 1 3 1.5E-05 8.8E-13 2

Equivalent Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 1 3 2.5 0.68 Equivalent Mercury 122 19 12% Sources with Data 1 3 1.4E-04 2.0E-09 3

Small Kilns Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 1.8E-04 5.5E-11 3

Equivalent Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 17 0.17 Equivalent Mercury 98 2 12% Sources with Data 1 3 0.0010 1.8E-09 
Appendix C 

Conversion of 3xRDL Values to Units Other Than Concentration to Facilitate Comparison 

with UPL Values 
C-1 

Conversion of 3xRDL Values to Units Other Than Concentration to Facilitate Comparison 

with UPL Values 

The standard 3xRDL values developed for specific pollutants at certain sample volumes 

are presented in a guidance document developed by the EPA (Westlin and Merrill, 2011). 

For the BSCP MACT floors, the units of measure used to develop the UPL values were 

lb/ton brick, lb/hr, gr/dscf @ 17% O2, and μg/dscm @ 17% O2. However, the 3xRDL values 

from the guidance document are given in units of concentration, specifically μg/dscm for metals 

and PM. In order to compare the calculated UPL with the 3xRDL for a particular pollutant, we 

needed to convert the 3xRDL value to the units of measure used in the UPL calculation. This 

appendix describes the procedure used for that conversion. 

The Appendix C Microsoft Excel® file provides the run-by-run test data and the 

calculations used to convert the 3xRDL values for each pollutant and subcategory. The tables in 

this appendix are summary excerpts of the information from that Microsoft Excel® file. 

1. For all of the sources in the MACT floor pool, we looked at each test run that was 

flagged by respondents to the BSCP survey as below detection level (BDL), detection 

level limited (DLL), or above detection level (ADL). We proceeded with the following 

steps to convert the 3xRDL value to the units of measure used in UPL. 

2. For all of the sources in the PM and Hg MACT existing source floor pools, we compiled 

the available concentration, oxygen-corrected concentration, lb/ton, and lb/hr values for 

those sources and noted the sample volume (dscm) for all runs used in the dataset. 

3. We calculated the ratio of the run-by-run data for PM lb/ton / μg/dscm; PM gr/dscf @ 

17% O2 / μg/dscm; Non-Hg Metal HAP lb/hr / μg/dscm; Hg lb/ton / μg/dscm; Hg 

μg/dscm @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm; and Hg lb/hr / μg/dscm. 

4. We calculated the average of all the ratio values. Table C-1 provides the calculated 

average of all of the ratio values for each pollutant and subcategory. 
C-2 

Table C-1. Average of All the Run-by-Run Ratios 

Subcategory Pollutant 

Average 

Ratio Units Of Measure 

Large Kilns PM 5.26E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 

 PM (equivalent) 3.99E-07 gr/dscf @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 

Small Kilns PM 5.30E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 

 PM (equivalent) 3.22E-07 gr/dscf @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 

Large Kilns Hg 4.70E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 

 Hg (equivalent) 9.07E-01 μg/dscm @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 

 Hg (equivalent) 4.72E-05 lb/hr / μg/dscm 

Small Kilns Hg 1.02E-05 lb/ton / μg/dscm 

 Hg (equivalent) 1.01E+00 μg/dscm @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 

 Hg (equivalent) 1.16E-04 lb/hr / μg/dscm 

5. We identified the typical sample volume (in units of dscm) for each dataset. For PM, 

Non-Hg HAP Metals, and Hg, the typical sample volume was equal to 1 dscm for most 

BSCP tests. 

6. We identified the appropriate 3xRDL concentration values for the typical sample volume 

of the test runs in this dataset (1 dscm) to use from the memorandum Data and procedure 

for handling below detection level data in analyzing various pollutant emissions 

databases for MACT and RTR emissions limits (Westlin and Merrill, 2011). Table C-2 

displays the appropriate 3xRDL concentration values for PM, Hg, and Total Non-Hg 

Metals at the typical sample volume of 1 dscm and other various dscm tests. 

Table C-2. 3xRDL Values from Guidance Document (Westlin and Merrill, 2011) 

Pollutant RDL (μg) 

3xRDL 

(μg) 

3xRDL Concentrations (μg/dscm) 

1 dscm 

test 

2 dscm 

test 

3 dscm 

test 

4 dscm 

test 

PM filterable 

(Method 5) 1.0E+03 3.0E+03 3.0E+03 1.5E+03 1.0E+03 7.5E+02 

Mercury (Method 

29) analyzed by 

Cold Vapor AA 

5.6E-01 1.7E+00 1.7E+00 8.4E-01 5.6E-01 4.2E-01 

Total Non-Hg 

Metals (Method 29) 

analyzed by 

ICP/AES or AA 

8.6E+01 2.6E+02 2.6E+02 1.3E+02 8.6E+01 6.3E+01 

Total Non-Hg 

Metals (Method 29) 

analyzed by ICP/MS 

or GFAA 

9.0E+00 2.7E+01 2.7E+01 1.4E+01 9.0E+00 6.8E+00 
C-3 

7. We multiplied the appropriate 3xRDL concentration value for the typical sample volume by the average r

convert the 3xRDL value into the units of measure used in the UPL calculation (e.g., lb/ton; lb/hr; gr/dscf 

μg/dscm @17% O2). Table C-3 displays a summary of the converted 3xRDL values. 

Table C-3. Converted 3xRDL Values 

Subcategory Pollutant 

Average 

Ratio 

Average Ratio Units Of 

Measure 

3xRDL at 

Typical 

Sample 

Volume 

(μg/dscm) 

Converted 

3xRDL 

Value 

Large Kilns PM 5.26E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 3.0E+03 0.016  PM (equivalent) 3.99E-07 gr/dscf @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 3.0E+03 0.0012 Small Kilns PM 5.30E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 3.0E+03 0.016  PM (equivalent) 3.22E-07 gr/dscf @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 3.0E+03 0.0010 Large Kilns Hg 4.70E-06 lb/ton / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 8.0E-06  Hg (equivalent) 9.07E-01 μg/dscm @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 1.5  Hg (equivalent) 4.72E-05 lb/hr / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 8.0E-05 Small Kilns Hg 1.02E-05 lb/ton / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 1.7E-05  Hg (equivalent) 1.01E+00 μg/dscm @ 17% O2 / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 1.7  Hg (equivalent) 1.16E-04 lb/hr / μg/dscm 1.7E+00 2.0E-04 

8. For Non-Hg HAP Metals there are two sets of 3xRDL values provided by the guidance document per ana

Method 29: Inductively Coupled Atomic Emission Spectroscopy or Atomic Absorption Analysis (ICP/AEInductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry or Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Analysis (ICP/Mmultiplied the appropriate 3xRDL concentration value specific to the analytical method used by each run 

took the average of those values for the converted 3xRDL value. 
C-4 

Subcategory Pollutant 

Run by Run Ratio 

Units Of Measure 

3xRDL at Typical Sample 

Volume (μg/dscm) 

Converted 

3xRDL Value 

Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals lb/hr / μg/dscm 

2.6E+02 

[ICP/AES or AA] 

and 

2.7E+01 

[ICP/MS or GFAA] 

0.0057 

Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals lb/hr / μg/dscm 

2.6E+02 

[ICP/AES or AA] 

and 

2.7E+01 

[ICP/MS or GFAA] 

0.0031 

9. We compared the 3xRDL value to the calculated UPL. 

a. If the 3xRDL value was less than or equal to the calculated UPL value, we used the UPL value as 

emission limit. 

b. If the 3xRDL value was greater than the calculated UPL value, we used the 3xRDL value as the M

limit. 

c. Table C-4 and C-5 summarize the results of the calculated UPL and 3xRDL comparison for existi

floors. 
C-5 

Table C-4. Existing Source Floors 

Subcategory Pollutant 

Converted 

3xRDL Value UPL 

Rounded 

Floor 

Floor Based 

On Units 

Large Kilns PM 0.016 0.035 0.036 UPL lb/ton  PM (equivalent) 0.0012 0.0029 0.0029 UPL gr/dscSmall Kilns PM 0.016 0.36 0.37 UPL lb/ton  PM (equivalent) 0.0010 0.0021 0.0021 UPL gr/dscLarge Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0057 0.0022 0.0057 3xRDL lb/hr Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0031 0.10 0.11 UPL lb/hr Large Kilns Hg 8.0E-06 4.0E-05 4.0E-05 UPL lb/ton  Hg (equivalent) 1.5 7.5 7.6 UPL μg/dsc Hg (equivalent) 8.0E-05 5.3E-04 5.4E-04 UPL lb/hr Small Kilns Hg 1.7E-05 3.2E-04 3.3E-04 UPL lb/ton  Hg (equivalent) 1.7 88 88 UPL μg/dsc Hg (equivalent) 2.0E-04 0.0018 0.0019 UPL lb/hr 
C-6 

Table C-5. New Source Floors 

Subcategory Pollutant 

Converted 

3xRDL Value UPL 

Rounded 

Floor 

Floor Based 

On Units Of Mea

Large Kilns PM 0.016 0.018 0.018 UPL lb/ton  PM (equivalent) 0.0012 0.0014 0.0014 UPL gr/dscf @ 17% Small Kilns PM 0.016 0.029 0.030 UPL lb/ton  PM (equivalent) 0.0010 0.0020 0.0021 UPL gr/dscf @ 17% Large Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0057 0.0027 0.0057 3xRDL lb/hr Small Kilns Non-Hg HAP Metals 0.0031 0.10 0.11 UPL lb/hr Large Kilns Hg 8.0E-06 2.7E-05 2.8E-05 UPL lb/ton  Hg (equivalent) 1.5 6.1 6.1 UPL μg/dscm @ 17 Hg (equivalent) 8.0E-05 3.3E-04 3.4E-04 UPL lb/hr Small Kilns Hg 1.7E-05 3.2E-04 3.3E-04 UPL lb/ton  Hg (equivalent) 1.7 88 88 UPL μg/dscm @ 17 Hg (equivalent) 2.0E-04 0.0018 0.0019 UPL lb/hr 
Appendix D 

Limited Datasets 
D-1 

For the BSCP source category, we have limited datasets for the following pollutants and 

subcategories: Hg for existing and new small tunnel kilns; Non-Hg HAP Metals for existing and 

new large and small tunnel kilns; PM for existing small tunnel kilns (equivalent only); PM for 

new large and small tunnel kilns; and Hg for new large tunnel kilns. We evaluated these specific 

datasets to determine whether it is appropriate to make any modifications to the approach used to 

calculate MACT floors for each of these datasets. 

For each dataset, we performed the following steps: ensuring that we selected the data 

distribution that best represents each dataset; ensuring that the correct equation for the 

distribution was then applied to the data; and comparing individual components of each limited 

dataset to determine if the standards based on limited datasets reasonably represent the 

performance of the units included in the dataset (Nizich, 2015). 

We did determine that further evaluation of the approach used to calculate MACT floors 

for the following floors was needed: 

 Small Kilns Existing Equivalent PM (gr/dscf @ 17% O2) 

 Large Kilns New Hg (lb/ton) 

 Large Kilns New Equivalent Hg (μg/dscm @ 17% O2) 

 Large Kilns New Hg (lb/hr) 

See Approach for Applying the Upper Prediction Limit to Limited Datasets (Nizich, 

2015) for more information. We reevaluated the UPL methodology and as such, the MACT 

floors are: 

 Small Kilns Existing Equivalent PM = 0.0021 gr/dscf @ 17% O2

 Large Kilns New Hg = 2.7E-05 lb/ton 

 Large Kilns New Equivalent Hg = 6.1 μg/dscm @ 17% O2

 Large Kilns New Hg = 3.3E-04 lb/hr 

The Appendix D Microsoft Excel® file provides additional information about the 

reevaluation of BSCP limited datasets. 
Appendix E 

Development of Hg Raw Material Variability Factor 
E-1 

Development of Hg Raw Material Variability Factor 

The corresponding Appendix E Microsoft Excel® files provide the Hg raw material 

provided by BIA and the determination of the overall RSD used in calculations for each existing 

and new source UPL per pollutant and subcategory. 

See the “Mercury Content of Oklahoma and Ohio Shale Deposits Supplying the Brick 

Industry” memo (Fairchild 2015) for the determination of the two deposits (OK and OH) being 

used out of all data provided by the BIA. 
Date: August 27, 2015 

To: Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD 

From: Kristin Sroka, RTI International 

Subject: Development of Cost and Emission Reduction Impacts for the Final BSCP 

Manufacturing NESHAP 

I. Introduction 

In accordance with section 112 of the Clean Air Act (CAA), the U.S. Environmental 

Protection Agency (EPA) established national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants 

(NESHAP) on May 16, 2003, for the brick and structural clay products (BSCP) manufacturing 

industry. The NESHAP regulated emissions of hydrogen fluoride (HF), hydrogen chloride 

(HCl), and particulate matter (PM)—a surrogate for hazardous air pollutant (HAP) metals—from 

tunnel kilns located at BSCP facilities. On March 13, 2007, the D.C. Circuit Court vacated the 

emission standards for BSCP manufacturing due to issues associated with the methodology used 

to determine the minimum regulatory “floors” for new and existing units.1 Therefore, on 

December 18, 2014, the EPA proposed new standards for BSCP manufacturing, including 

standards for HF, HCl, chlorine (Cl2), mercury (Hg), and non-Hg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). 

The EPA provided a 90-day public comment period following proposal of the BSCP 

Manufacturing NESHAP, during which all affected parties were given the opportunity to 

comment on the proposed rule. The EPA has considered the comments received and, as 

appropriate, incorporated them into the final rule. 

The final standards include health-based standards for acid gases (HF, HCl, and Cl2) and 

maximum achievable control technology (MACT) numeric emission limits for Hg and non-Hg 

HAP metals (or PM surrogate). In developing the standards, the EPA also considered “beyondthe-floor” options for Hg and non-Hg HAP metals (or PM surrogate). The development of these 

standards and options are documented in two memoranda, Risk Assessment to Determine a 

Health-Based Emission Limitation for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products 

Manufacturing Source Category (Morris et al, 2014) and Final Maximum Achievable Control 

Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay Products (Raymond and 

Sroka, 2015). The purpose of this memorandum is to present the methodology for estimating the 

costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts associated with these standards/options for the 

BSCP Manufacturing source category. A background discussion of the types of costs, emission 

 

1 Sierra Club v. EPA, 479 F.3d 875 (D.C. Cir. 2007). 
2 

reductions, and secondary impacts being estimated is provided in the memorandum Methodology 

and Assumptions Used to Estimate the Model Costs and Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control 

Devices for the Final Rule (Holloway, 2015a). 

Section II of this memorandum shows the nationwide baseline emissions for the BSCP 

industry. Section III describes the development of the cost estimates for facilities that elect to 

reduce emissions and become reclassified as synthetic area sources rather than major sources. 

Section IV describes the assessment of what air pollution control devices (APCD) will be needed 

for major source facilities to meet the health-based standards. Section V describes the analysis 

of what APCD will be needed for tunnel kiln stacks to meet the MACT standards and presents 

the nationwide costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts associated with meeting all the 

standards. 

II. Baseline Emissions 

Uncontrolled emission factors, model kiln production rates, and model kiln operating 

hours were developed as described in the memorandum Methodology and Assumptions Used to 

Estimate the Model Costs and Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control Devices for the Final Rule

(Holloway, 2015a). The memorandum also documents control efficiencies and emissions 

reductions for new/retrofit APCD installations. The efficiencies and emissions for existing 

(baseline) APCD, including dry sorbent injection followed by a fabric filter (DIFF), dry lime 

scrubber and fabric filter (DLS/FF), dry limestone adsorber (DLA), and spray dryer/electrostatic 

precipitator (SD/ESP), were based on all the available test data (see the memorandum Test Data 

Used in BSCP Final Rule (Raymond, 2015)). Table 1 shows the control efficiencies of baseline 

DIFF, DLS/FF, and DLA for HF, HCl, Cl2, PM, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Table 2 shows the 

annual baseline emission estimates in tons per year (tpy) for small and large APCD. 

Table 1. Control Efficiencies for Baseline APCD 

APCD Type 

Efficiency 

HF HCl Cl2 PMa SO2

DIFF 98% 82% 88% 72% 48% 

DLS/FF 98% 82% 88% 72% 48% 

DLA 95% 30% 42% 20% 12% 

a Control efficiencies for non-Hg HAP metals and PM with particles less than 2.5 micrometers in diameter (PM2.5) are 

estimated to be the same as the efficiency for PM. 
3 

Table 2. Annual Baseline Emissions for Each APCD 

APCD 

Type Size 

Emissions per APCD (tpy)a

HF HCl Cl2

Non-Hg 

HAP 

Metals PM PM2.5 SO2

None Small 18.5 2.48 0.106 0.125 11.3 5.45 99.0

DIFF Small 0.371 0.446 0.0127 0.035 3.18 1.53 51.5

DLS/FF Small 0.371 0.446 0.0127 0.035 3.18 1.53 51.5

DLA Small 0.927 1.74 0.0615 0.0999 9.08 4.36 87.1

SD/ESP Small 21.1 5.13 0.652 0.0109 0.993 0.477 51.5

None Large 39.7 5.31 0.227 0.267 24.3 11.7 212

DIFF Large 0.794 0.956 0.0273 0.0749 6.81 3.27 110

DLS/FF Large 0.794 0.956 0.0273 0.0749 6.81 3.27 110

DLA Large 1.99 3.72 0.132 0.214 19.5 9.34 187

SD/ESP Large 42.1 10.3 1.30 0.0218 1.99 0.953 110

a There are no existing controls for mercury (Hg), so each small kiln stack is estimated to emit a baseline of 

0.00192 tpy of Hg and each large kiln stack is estimated to emit a baseline of 0.00411 tpy of Hg. 

The inventory of BSCP kilns and facilities, including the APCD for each kiln stack, is 

presented in the memorandum Updated BSCP Inventory Database and Documentation for Brick 

and Structural Clay Products Manufacturing Final Rule (Holloway, 2015b). To develop the 

nationwide baseline emission estimates, each kiln stack in this inventory was assigned the 

appropriate baseline emissions from Table 2 based on the size and type of APCD on the stack. 

Table 3 summarizes the number of BSCP kiln stacks with each type of APCD and the total 

nationwide baseline emissions. 
4 

Table 3. Nationwide Baseline Emissions Estimates for BSCP Tunnel Kilns 

APCD 

Type Size Count 

Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

NonHg 

HAP 

Metals Hg PM PM2.5 SO2

None Small 71 1,320 176 7.53 8.86 0.136 806 387 7,030

DIFF Small 1 0.371 0.446 0.0127 0.035 0.00192 3.18 1.53 51.5

DLS/FF Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

DLA Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

SD/ESP Small 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

None Large 35 1,390 186 7.95 9.36 0.144 851 409 7,430

DIFF Large 14 11.1 13.4 0.382 1.05 0.0575 95.3 45.8 1,540

DLS/FF Large 1 0.794 0.956 0.0273 0.0749 0.00411 6.81 3.27 110

DLA Large 24 47.7 89.2 3.16 5.14 0.0985 467 224 4,480

SD/ESP Large 1 42.1 10.3 1.3 0.0218 0.00411 1.99 0.953 110

Total 147 2,810 476 20.4 24.5 0.446 2,230 1,070 20,800

III. Estimate of Cost to Facilities to Become Synthetic Area Sources 

Given the large number of small entities in the BSCP industry, it is anticipated that some 

owners and operators will explore the possibility of reducing emissions below the thresholds 

defining a major source of HAP emissions (potential to emit [PTE] 10 tpy of a single HAP or 

25 tpy of all HAP combined) and becoming reclassified as a synthetic area source so that their 

sources will not be subject to the BSCP Manufacturing NESHAP. If an owner or operator 

estimates that the cost to become a synthetic area source is less than the compliance costs for the 

BSCP Manufacturing NESHAP, it is expected that the owner or operator will elect to become a 

synthetic area source. The methodology behind this analysis is described in this section; 

Appendix A shows the detailed calculations for each BSCP tunnel kiln and facility. 

To compare the cost to become a synthetic area source to the BSCP Manufacturing 

NESHAP compliance costs, the cost for each facility to become a synthetic area source was 

estimated based on the facility’s current emission estimates and whether installation of a DLA 

would reduce the acid gas emissions below major source thresholds. Design capacities are 

available for each tunnel kiln at each major source facility in the BSCP industry (Holloway, 

2015b), and test data are available for some of those kilns (Raymond, 2015). The design 

capacities, site-specific test data (where available; emission factors were used if test data were 

not available), and model control device parameters were used to estimate potential emissions 

from each kiln before and after control. 

For simplicity, the analysis was limited to HF, HCl, and Cl2, since those are the 

predominant HAP emitted from BSCP kilns by mass. If HF, HCl, and/or Cl2 test data were 

available for a kiln, the emission factor calculated from the test in units of pounds of emissions 

per ton of bricks (lb/ton) was used to estimate potential emissions. If not, the average lb/ton 
5 

emission factor for the existing control device (calculated based on the available BSCP test data 

for those pollutants) was used. 

A code was assigned to each kiln indicating the source of the data. Since the Cl2 data set 

was limited, the main focus was the source of HF and HCl data. If both HF and HCl emissions 

were based on test data, the code of “2” was assigned; if the emissions for one pollutant were 

based on test data but the emissions for the other were based on the average emission factor, a 

code of “1” was assigned, and if no test data were available for that kiln, a code of “0” was 

assigned. The HF, HCl, and Cl2 emissions for each kiln were then calculated in tpy based on the 

kiln design capacity, assuming 8,760 hours of operation per year (in order to estimate the 

maximum PTE), and then summed per kiln and then per facility. 

The current status (i.e., major or synthetic area source) was estimated based on the 

following assumptions: 

 If both HF and HCl test data were available for all kilns at the facility (code of 2) and 

the total facility estimated PTE was less than 90 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

 If a mix of test data and emission factors were used for the facility (code of 1) and the 

total facility estimated PTE was less than 75 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

 If no test data for any kilns at the facility were available (code of 0) and the total 

facility estimated PTE was less than 60 percent of each of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area. 

It should be noted that to the EPA’s knowledge, all of the facilities in the analysis are 

currently classified as major sources. The sources estimated to be synthetic area sources in this 

analysis are facilities with emissions data suggesting that they could apply for synthetic area 

status with their permitting authority without needing to add APCD or reduce the kiln production 

rates. Based on the analysis, 16 of the 85 current major sources have low enough PTE that they 

could become synthetic area sources with minimal cost (i.e., conducting emissions testing to 

confirm their emissions and submitting paperwork to their permitting authority for a formal 

change in classification). The estimated costs for these facilities to become synthetic area sources 

are shown in Appendix A and Section V of this memorandum, but costs to meet the HBEL and 

the non-Hg HAP metals and Hg limits are not estimated. 

The next step was to assign an action to be taken and estimate “controlled” emissions. If 

the kiln was already controlled, or if the facility was already considered a potential synthetic area 

source based on current emissions, the assigned action was “None”; otherwise it was “Install 

DLA.” (For the purposes of this analysis, it was assumed that the cost to retrofit currentlycontrolled tunnel kilns would not be less than the cost to comply with the BSCP Manufacturing 

NESHAP.) A few uncontrolled kilns were manually adjusted to “None” for facilities with 

multiple kilns that could become synthetic area sources without controlling all kilns. See 

Appendix A for these designations. 

Controlled emissions for kilns with an action of “Install DLA” were estimated as a 

reduction from the individual kiln PTE for HF, HCl, and Cl2 based on the DLA control 
6 

efficiencies presented in Table 1. If the action was “None,” controlled emissions were estimated 

to be equivalent to the PTE (as calculated above). The “controlled” emissions for each kiln at 

each facility were then summed. 

The next step was to determine what the major/area source status would be after DLA 

were installed (where possible), based on the following assumptions: 

 If no DLA would be installed, both HF and HCl test data were available for all kilns 

at the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 90 percent of the 

major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional 

control. 

 If no DLA would be installed, a mix of test data and emission factors were used for 

the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 75 percent of the major 

source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional 

control. 

 If no DLA would be installed, no test data were available for any kilns at the facility, 

and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 60 percent of the major source 

thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area without additional control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, both HF and HCl test data were available for 

all kilns at the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 80 percent of 

the major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, a mix of test data and emission factors were 

used for the facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 65 percent of 

the major source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

 If at least one DLA would be installed, no test data were available for any kilns at the 

facility, and the total facility estimated PTE was less than 50 percent of the major 

source thresholds, the facility was considered synthetic area after control. 

After determining major/area source status, the capital and annual costs of installing a 

DLA were estimated, if doing so was estimated to enable the facility to become synthetic area, 

and added to the estimated emissions testing costs (Holloway, 2015a). The DLA costs were 

estimated using model costs developed based on cost and parameter information from BSCP 

industry responses to the 2008 section 114 survey (Holloway, 2015a). The costs for each kiln 

were then summed for each facility considered synthetic area after control. If the facility would 

still be major even with a DLA installed on each uncontrolled kiln, the costs were left blank. If 

the potential action was “None” (i.e., the kiln was already controlled or the facility was already 

expected to be a synthetic area source), the facility costs were set equal to the estimated 

emissions testing costs (Holloway, 2015a). 

IV. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting Health-Based Standards 

For the acid gases HF, HCl, and Cl2, a health-based emission limit (HBEL) was 

developed for acid gases under CAA section 112(d)(4). The rationale behind the standard is 

discussed in the preamble to the final BSCP Manufacturing NESHAP. The development of the 

facility-level HBEL, 250 tons per year (tpy) of HCl-equivalent (57 pounds per hour (lb/hr) of 

HCl-equivalent), is documented in the memorandum Risk Assessment to Determine a HealthBased Emission Limitation for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products 
7 

Manufacturing Source Category (Morris et al, 2014). The methodology for estimating the 

impacts of meeting this HBEL is described in this section; Appendix B shows the detailed 

calculations for each BSCP tunnel kiln and facility. 

The equivalency of HCl with HF and Cl2 is based on the chronic Reference 

Concentration (RfC) values for each of the acid gases. The RfC for HCl is 20 micrograms per 

cubic meter (μg/m3

), the RfC for HF is 14 μg/m3, and the RfC for Cl2 is 0.15 μg/m3 (Morris et al, 

2014). Therefore, the following equation can be used to calculate the HCl-equivalent emissions 

for an individual kiln: 

































 



 



















  

2

2

Cl

HCl

Cl

HF

HCl

i HCl HF RfC

RfC E

RfC

RfC E E E

where: 

 E = HCl-equivalent emissions, lb/hr 

 EHCl = emissions of HCl, lb/hr 

 EHF = emissions of HF, lb/hr 

 ECl2 = emissions of Cl2, lb/hr 

 RfCHCl = reference concentration for HCl, 20 μg/m3

 RfCHF = reference concentration for HF, 14 μg/m3

 RfCCl2 = reference concentration for chlorine, 0.15 μg/m3

Design capacities are available for each tunnel kiln at each major source facility in the 

BSCP industry, and permitted capacities are available for some tunnel kilns (Holloway, 2015b). 

Test data are available for some of the kilns in the BSCP industry (Raymond, 2015). If test data 

were not available for all acid gas emissions (i.e., HF, HCl, and Cl2), emission factors were used 

to estimate emissions. This information was used in the equation above to calculate an HClequivalent value for each kiln. The HCl-equivalent values were summed for each kiln at a 

facility and then compared to the HBEL. If a facility did not meet the HBEL, the type of control 

needed was determined based on factors such as the current kiln APCD, the number of kilns at 

the facility, and how much the HCl-equivalent emissions exceeded the HBEL. (Note that the 

final costs and emission reductions for each kiln were not calculated until the impacts for 

meeting the PM/non-Hg HAP metals and Hg limits were assessed as described in Section V of 

this memorandum.) 

As shown in Appendix B, all but one BSCP facility could meet the HBEL with current 

control configurations. The facility not meeting the limit is Belden Brick Company’s facility in 

Sugarcreek, Ohio, with an HCl-equivalent estimate of 120 lb/hr from a total of 10 tunnel kilns, 

some of which are vented together through a common stack or APCD. Most of the HClequivalent emissions (about 71 percent) are generated by the three kilns controlled by a SD/ESP 

at the part of the facility known as Plant #8. Removing the SD/ESP and retrofitting the stack 
8 

with a DIFF is expected to reduce HCl-equivalent emissions well below the HBEL, even without 

reducing emissions from any of the other seven kilns at this facility. 

V. Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting Hg and non-Hg HAP Metals 

Standards 

There are 169 tunnel kilns with 148 stacks at facilities currently classified as major 

sources in the BSCP industry. There are 24 tunnel kilns with 20 stacks at the 16 facilities 

identified in Section III of this memorandum that could become synthetic area sources with 

minimal cost, leaving 145 tunnel kilns with 128 stacks potentially impacted by the Hg and nonHg HAP metals standards. A summary of these kilns by size and APCD is shown in Table 4; the 

stack counts for these kilns were used for all remaining analyses in this memorandum. 

Table 4. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kilns and APCD 

Kiln Size APCD Type Number of Kilns 

Number of Kiln 

Stacks 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 9 8 

 DLA 18 14 

 None 31 30 

Small Kilns SD/ESP 3 1 

 None 84 75 

Total 145 128 

The BSCP Manufacturing NESHAP includes MACT standards for Hg and for non-Hg 

HAP metals (with PM as a surrogate) (see the memorandum Final Maximum Achievable Control 

Technology (MACT) Floor Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay Products (Raymond and 

Sroka, 2015) for additional information on these standards). As noted previously, test data were 

available for some kilns in the industry (including major and synthetic area sources). Data on 

PM emissions were available for about 40 percent of the kilns, while Hg and non-Hg HAP 

metals data were only available for about 10 percent or less of the kilns (Raymond, 2015). 

Therefore, rather than evaluating the impacts of the standards on a kiln-by-kiln basis, as was 

done for the HBEL, several assumptions were needed to evaluate the impacts on the whole 

industry. This analysis was completed in a series of four steps, described in the remainder of this 

section. 

Step 1: Compare Test Data to Emission Limits 

The first step was to compare the data available with the emission limits to get an 

estimate of the percentage of tunnel kilns in the industry that could meet the limits with current 

APCD configurations. Table 5 shows the percentages for the PM and Hg lb/ton and 

concentration emission limits by kiln size and the most common types of APCD (for PM). 
9 

Table 5. Percentages of BSCP Tunnel Kiln Stacks at Major and Synthetic Area Sources 

With Data Less Than or Equal to Emission Limits 

Pollutant Kiln Size APCD Type 

Number of 

Kiln Stacks 

with Dataa

Percentage of Kilns Meetingb

lb/ton 

Limit 

Concentration 

Limit 

At Least 

One Limit

PM Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 23 (22) 34.8% 40.9% 60.9% 

 DLA 29 (21) 3.4% 4.8% 6.9% 

 None 3 33.3% 33.3% 33.3% 

 Small Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 1 100% 100% 100% 

 DLA 0 ND ND ND 

 None 13 (10) 53.8% 10.0% 53.8% 

Hg Large Kilns All 18 16.7% 55.6% 55.6% 

 Small Kilns All 1 100% 100% 100% 

a Value in parentheses indicates availability of valid concentration data with oxygen concentration reported, if different 

from the number of kiln stacks with valid mass emissions data. PM data were also available for one stack controlled 

by a SD/ESP (small kilns) and three large kilns with wet scrubbers. Those kilns are not shown in the counts for PM 

emissions data because the SD/ESP is expected to be replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum) 

and all three wet scrubbers are located at synthetic area sources, so the results for those APCD are not needed for 

purposes of estimating impacts on major source facilities. In addition, the analysis does not assume that wet 

scrubbers will be installed or retrofitted to meet the PM standards. These kilns are included in the counts for Hg 

data; because none of the APCD currently in use in the BSCP industry target Hg reductions, the ability to meet the 

Hg standards is not expected to be affected by type of current APCD.

b ND = no test data available for that pollutant, kiln size, and APCD combination. 

Of the large kilns with both PM and Hg data, three of the 18 kiln stacks meet at least one 

of the PM and one of the Hg limits. For small kilns, Hg data are only available for three kilns 

vented together and controlled with a SD/ESP; this device also meets the PM concentration limit 

for small kilns. 

Step 2: Develop Preliminary Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The percentages from Table 5 were applied to the kiln stack counts in Table 4 to 

determine the number of kiln stacks estimated to be able to meet the MACT floor limits. From 

these estimates, preliminary estimates of the number of APCD needed to be installed were 

developed using the following criteria: 

 If the kiln is expected to meet both a PM and a Hg limit, no additional APCD is 

needed. 

 If an uncontrolled kiln or a kiln with a DLA can meet a Hg limit but none of the PM 

limits, a FF will be needed. 

 If an uncontrolled kiln or a kiln with a DLA cannot meet either of the Hg limits, a FF 

with activated carbon injection (ACI) will be needed regardless of whether the kiln 

can meet a PM limit, as the FF will be needed for the capture of the activated carbon 

injected into the gas stream. 

 If a kiln with a DIFF or DLS/FF cannot meet either of the Hg limits, ACI will be 

added to the existing control device. 
10 

Table 6 shows the preliminary estimate of the number of APCD needed based only on 

these criteria and the percentages in Table 5, rounded to the nearest whole number. If multiple 

kilns were vented together, only one APCD was assigned to the stack. As noted in Step 3, there 

are two other factors to take into account to determine the final estimate of the number of APCD 

needed and the impacts on the major source kilns. 

Table 6. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Preliminary Estimate of APCD 

to Be Installed 

Kiln Size 

Existing APCD 

Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

PM Limit

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Meeting 

Hg 

Limit 

Initial Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install FF 

Install FF 

with ACI Add ACI 

Large Kilns DIFF or DLS/FF 8 5a 3 0 0 5 

 DLA 14 1 8 7 6 0 

 Noneb 30 10 17 12 13 0 

Small Kilns SD/ESPc 1 0 1 0 0 0 

 None 75 40 75 35 0 0 

Total 128 56 105 48 20 5 

a Because the three kiln stacks not meeting the PM lb/ton or concentration limits are already controlled with a PM 

APCD, none of the preliminary assumptions apply. If these kiln stacks cannot meet the lb/hr non-Hg HAP metals 

limit, or if they are not located at a facility that could become a synthetic area source by installing a DLA on an 

uncontrolled kiln, the DIFF or DLS/FF will have to be retrofit with a new DIFF. 

b Assumes that less than 20 percent of kiln stacks can meet both PM and Hg limits. 

c The SD/ESP is expected to be replaced with a DIFF (see Section IV of this memorandum). 

Step 3: Refine the Estimate of Number of APCD Needed 

The next step in determining the number of APCD required to be installed included 

considering the impact of the lb/hr limits for Hg and total non-Hg HAP metals. The total non-Hg 

HAP metals limit is expected to provide additional flexibility to tunnel kiln owners and 

operators, particularly for small tunnel kilns. Where total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr data were 

available, the values were compiled for each kiln. If PM data were available but non-Hg HAP 

metals data were not, the total non-Hg HAP metal lb/hr value was calculated using the average 

ratio of metals to PM emissions in BSCP stack tests (Raymond, 2015). The non-Hg HAP metal 

values for each kiln are shown in Appendix C. While it is also expected that the lb/hr limit for 

Hg will provide additional flexibility to tunnel kiln owners and operators, again particularly for 

small tunnel kilns, the impact of the lb/hr Hg limit is not assessed quantitatively in this analysis. 

Instead, it was expected that most kilns that could meet the lb/hr Hg limit could also meet either 

the lb/ton limit or the concentration limit. 

The other factor to be taken into account in determining the number of APCD required to 

be installed is the number of kilns located at facilities that could elect to become synthetic area 

sources. The cost for each facility to do so was estimated as described in Section III of this 
11 

memorandum. However, as noted previously in this section, because test data are not available 

for every tunnel kiln in the industry, compliance costs were not estimated for each kiln and 

facility. Therefore, the cost to become a synthetic area source could not be compared directly to 

the cost of compliance. For example, while the analysis estimates that the Ragland Clay 

Products facility in Ragland, Alabama, could become a synthetic area source at an annual cost of 

$362,156 (see Appendix A), test data are not available to show the facility’s exact level of 

emissions. If performance testing of the tunnel kiln at this facility shows that the kiln already 

meets the limits, then installing a control device to become a synthetic area source will not be 

necessary. 

Therefore, the preliminary APCD estimates in Table 6, the total non-Hg HAP metals 

lb/hr limit, and the ability of certain facilities to become synthetic area were considered together 

on a more general basis. The following assumptions were used to refine the preliminary APCD 

estimates: 

 For large kilns with a DIFF or DLS/FF, it was assumed that the three kiln stacks not 

meeting either the PM lb/ton or concentration limits will meet the total non-Hg HAP 

metals lb/hr limit. 

 For large kilns with a DLA, it was assumed that one of the kiln stacks not meeting the 

Hg lb/ton or concentration limits will meet the Hg lb/hr limit. It was also assumed 

that this kiln stack is one of the 12 stacks that can meet one of the PM limits, so no FF 

will be needed. 

 Based on the results of the analysis described in Section III of this memorandum, a 

total of 11 large uncontrolled kiln stacks are located at facilities that could become 

synthetic area sources with installation of a DLA on those stacks. For large 

uncontrolled kilns, it was assumed that owners or operators of about three-fourths of 

these kiln stacks, or eight total stacks, will elect to install a DLA. To be conservative, 

it was estimated that most of the remaining kiln stacks will not be able to meet any of 

the Hg limits. 

 It was expected that all small uncontrolled kilns not meeting the PM lb/ton or 

concentration limits will be able to meet the total non-Hg HAP metals lb/hr limit. 

In addition, the MACT floors for Hg were revised from proposal to account for 

variability in the Hg content of raw material sampling data provided by numerous facilities (BIA, 

2015; Raymond and Sroka, 2015). The only available Hg emissions data reported for a small 

kiln was from Belden Bricks, Plant #8 in Sugarcreek, Ohio. The emissions were 0.000176 lb/ton 

and 17.4 μg/dscm at 17 percent O2, and the facility’s average Hg content in the raw material was 

49.4 ppb. The ratio of emissions to Hg content, therefore, is 3.57 E-06 for lb/ton and 0.35 for 

concentration. Because most of the Hg emissions are the result of Hg in the raw materials, it was 

assumed that the emissions for the facilities that reported raw material sampling data could be 

approximated by using these ratios. The maximum Hg content reported in a raw material sample 

was 208 ppb, reported at the Boral Bricks facility in Gleason, Tennessee. Using the ratios 

calculated for Belden Sugarcreek Plant #8, the emissions at Boral Gleason could be 

0.000742 lb/ton and 73.1 μg/dscm at 17 percent O2. These emissions levels suggest that the 

worst case facility (i.e., Boral Gleason) would not meet the Hg lb/ton limit for small kilns but 

would meet the Hg concentration limit for small kilns. Therefore, it was assumed that all small 

kilns would be able to meet the Hg concentration limit with no additional controls. 
12 

The final estimates of APCD counts are shown in Table 7. 

Table 7. Summary of Major Source BSCP Kiln Stacks and Estimate of APCD to Be 

Installed 

Kiln Size 

Existing 

APCD Type 

Number 

of Kiln 

Stacks 

Estimate of Kiln Stacks 

Install 

FF 

Install 

FF with 

ACI 

Add 

ACI 

Retrofit 

with a 

DIFF 

Install 

DLAa

No 

Change 

in 

APCD 

Large Kilns DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

8 0 0 5 0 0 3 

 DLA 14 7 5 0 0 0 2 

 None 30 6 11 0 0 8 5 

Small Kilns SD/ESPa 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 

 None 75 0 0 0 0 0 75 

Total 128 13 16 5 1 8 85 

a See Section IV of this memorandum. 

Step 4: Calculate the Nationwide Costs, Emission Reductions, and Secondary Impacts 

The final step in estimating nationwide costs and impacts was to apply model APCD 

costs, emission reductions, and secondary impacts to the APCD counts shown in Table 7. The 

model APCD size is based on the design capacity(ies) of the kiln(s) routed to that emission 

point/APCD. For example, two small kilns vented together with a total design capacity of less 

than 10 tph would be controlled with a small APCD, whereas two small kilns vented together 

that have a total design capacity of more than 10 tph would be controlled with a large APCD. 

As noted in Section IV of this memorandum, Belden Brick Company’s facility in 

Sugarcreek, Ohio, was identified as not meeting the HBEL with the current APCD at the kiln, so 

the emissions at the kilns were evaluated individually. The three kilns routed to the SD/ESP at 

Sugarcreek are small kilns, but the sum of the total kiln capacity vented to the SD/ESP is greater 

than 10 tph. Therefore, for purposes of this analysis, the DIFF installed to replace the SD/ESP 

will be a large DIFF. 

Table 8 shows the summary of nationwide costs for BSCP kilns, Table 9 shows the 

summary of nationwide emission reductions for BSCP kilns at major sources, and Table 10 

shows the summary of nationwide secondary impacts for BSCP kilns at major sources. 
13 

Table 8. Summary of Nationwide Control Costs for Major Sources to Meet Standards 

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Unit 

Capital 

Costa

Unit 

Annual 

Costa

Number 

of APCD 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

DIFF or 

DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large $146,697 $105,763 5 $733,483 $528,817 

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $685,304 5 $8,233,483 $3,426,522 

DLA Install FF Large $1,500,000 $579,541 7 $10,500,000 $4,056,787 

SD/ESP Retrofit 

with a DIFF 

Large $3,820,000 $1,017,978 1 $3,820,000 $1,017,978 

None Install FF Large $1,500,000 $579,541 6 $9,000,000 $3,477,246 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large $1,646,697 $685,304 11 $18,113,663 $7,538,349 

None Install DLA Large $1,489,548 $459,886 8 $11,916,381 $3,679,090 

Total Nationwide Control Costs 43 $62,317,010 $23,724,789 

Number of kiln 

stacks per plant 

Capital 

cost per 

stack, $ 

Annualized 

cost per 

stack, $/yrb

Number 

of Stacks 

Total 

Capital 

Cost 

Total 

Annual 

Cost 

 1 $19,000 $4,600 40 $760,000 $184,000 

 2 $29,000 $7,100 31 $899,000 $220,100 

 3 $40,000 $9,800 11 $440,000 $107,800 

 4 $51,000 $12,400 2 $102,000 $24,800 

 5 $61,000 $14,900 1 $61,000 $14,900 

 $2,262,000 $551,600 

Monitoring (major sources only $2,984 118 $352,112 

 Grand Total $64,579,010 $24,628,501 

a Unit costs from Holloway (2015a), except for the DLA capital and annual costs. The DLA capital and annual costs 

shown in this table were increased to account for the fact that if a DLA is installed for a facility to become a 

synthetic area source, it will need to be installed earlier than an APCD installed to comply with the BSCP 

Manufacturing NESHAP. To compare the equivalent net present values for all APCD for purposes of this analysis, 

a DLA was expected to be installed 6 months earlier than other APCD, increasing the capital cost by about 3 

percent (calculated assuming 7 percent interest over half a year, or 1.070.5). The total annual cost increased due to 

the increase in the annualized capital cost. 

b Annualized cost based on 7% interest, 5-yr period. 
14 

Table 9. Summary of Nationwide Emission Reductions for Major Sources to Meet Stand

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Emissions Reductions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2

HAP 

Metals PM Hg 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 0 0 0 0 0 0.0034

Total 5 0 0 0 0 0 0.0174

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.198 18.0 0.0034

Total 5 0 0 0 0.99 90.0 0.017

DLA Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.20 18.0 

Total 7 0 0 0 1.39 126.0 

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit 41.9 9.38 1.28 0 0 

Total 1 41.9 9.38 1.28 0 0 

None Install FF Large Unit 0 0 0 0.251 22.9 

Total 6 0 0 0 1.509 137.1 

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 0 0 0 0.251 22.9 0.0034

Total 11 0 0 0 2.77 251 0.038

None Install DLA Large Unit 37.7 1.59 0.0954 0.0535 4.86 

Total 8 302 12.7 0.763 0.428 38.9 

Total Nationwide 43 344 22.1 2.04 7.08 643 0.073

a Estimated as 48 percent of PM reductions. 
15 

Table 10. Summary of Nationwide Secondary Impacts for Major Sources to Meet Standa

Current 

APCD Action 

APCD 

Size 

Emissions 

Type 

Number 

of 

APCD 

Energy 

impacts, 

MMBtu/yr

Solid 

waste 

impacts, 

tpy 

Wastewater 

impacts, 

gpy 

Secondary Air Emiss

PM PM2.5 CO 

DIFF or DLS/FF 

Add ACI Large Unit 621 20.1 -- 0.00458 0.00154 0.007

Total 5 3,105 100.7 0.0229 0.00768 0.03

DLA Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 14,730 43.0 -- 0.1087 0.0364 0.1

Total 5 73,651 215 0.543 0.182 0.9

DLA Install FF Large Unit 14,109 23 0.104 0.035 0.1

Total 7 98,764 160 0.729 0.244 1.2

SD/ESP Retrofit with 

a DIFF 

Large Unit -27,577 15.1 -4,563 -0.203 -0.0682 -0.3

Total 1 -27,577 15.1 -4,563 -0.203 -0.0682 -0.3

None Install FF Large Unit 14,109 22.9 -- 0.1041 0.0349 0.1

Total 6 84,655 137.1 0.624 0.2094 1.0

None Install FF 

with ACI 

Large Unit 14,730 43.0 -- 0.1087 0.0364 0.1

Total 11 162,032 473 1.20 0.401 2

None Install DLA Large Unit 8,337 513 -- 0.0615 0.0206 0.10

Total 8 66,698 4,107 0.492 0.165 0.8

Total Nationwide 43 461,329 5,208 -4,563 3.40 1.141 5

a A negative increase in secondary impacts is equivalent to a reduction in secondary impacts. 
16 

VI. References 

[BIA, 2015 – submission of raw material sampling data to EPA, 2015] 

Holloway, T. 2015a. Methodology and Assumptions Used to Estimate the Model Costs and 

Impacts of BSCP Air Pollution Control Devices for the Final Rule. Memorandum from 

Thomas Holloway, RTI International, to Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. ***, 2015. 

Holloway, T. 2015b. Updated BSCP Inventory Database and Documentation for Brick and 

Structural Clay Products Manufacturing Final Rule. Memorandum from Thomas Holloway, 

RTI International, to Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. ***, 2015. 

Morris, M., T. Palma, and C. Sarsony. 2014. Risk Assessment to Determine a Health-Based 

Emission Limitation for Acid Gases for the Brick and Structural Clay Products 

Manufacturing Source Category. Memorandum from Mark Morris, Ted Palma, and Chris 

Sarsony, EPA/OAQPS/HEID, to Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2013-0291. May 19, 2014. 

Raymond, G. 2015. Test Data Used in BSCP Final Rule. Memorandum from Gabrielle 

Raymond, RTI International, to Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. ***, 2015. 

Raymond, G and K. Sroka. 2015. Final Maximum Achievable Control Technology (MACT) 

Floor Analysis for Brick and Structural Clay Products. Memorandum from Gabrielle 

Raymond and Kristin Sroka, RTI International, to Sharon Nizich, EPA/OAQPS/SPPD. ***, 

2015. 

 
Appendix A 

Analysis of the Cost to Facilities to Become Synthetic Area Sources 

 
A-1 

Table A-1. Kiln List 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

502 ACME-3 Acme Brick Company Acme- Bennett Tunnel 

Plant (BTP) 

Millsap TX 15.98 8352 

507 ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 10.00 8400 

508 ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 19.10 8760 

509 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant 

(EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 8760 

510 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant 

(EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 1416 

511 ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant 

(EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 8760 

512 ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs 

Plant (HSP) 

Holly Springs 

MS 8.45 8760 

513 ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant 

(KAP) 

Kanopolis KS 5.78 8760 

500 ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant 

(AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 7665 

501 ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant 

(AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 7665 

515 ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 9.66 8760 

516 ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 7.86 8760 

518 ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant 

(TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 8760 

519/520 ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant 

(TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 8760 

521 ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 8.51 8760 
A-2 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

522 ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant 

(WTP) 

Jonesboro AR 7.01 8760 

684 35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 7080 685 35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 7080 523 2 American Eagle Brick 

Co 

American Eagle Brick Co Sunland 

Park 

NM 3.40 7000 

526 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 10.65 8760 

527 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #3 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 13.70 8760 

528/529/

530 

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 15.96 8760 

531/532/

533 

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 23.31 8760 

534/535 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 6.10 8760 

536 BELD-2 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 3.08 0 

537/538 BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 29.94 6264 

539 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 8424 540 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 8064 545 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 8760 546 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 7608 

547/548 BORA-5 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #6 Bessemer AL 25.02 8016 

549 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 8760 550 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 8760 

551/552 BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 22.66 8760 

558 BORA-13 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Muskogee Plant Muskogee OK 23.43 8256 559 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 8136 560 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 7080 
A-3 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

561 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 5664 562 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 8760 563 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 13.50 6744 566 BORA-17 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Salisbury Plant Salisbury NC 27.80 8760 567 BORA-18 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Terre Haute Plant Terre Haute IN 26.00 8760 996 Bram Brampton Brick Ltd. Brampton Brick, Inc. Farmersburg IN 24.60 8760 699 181 Certainteed 

Corporation 

Certainteed CorporationLudowici New Lexington OH 7.78 8760 

575 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 6240 

576 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 6240 

577/578 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 29.48 6240 

581 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick 

Company 

Columbus MS 7.90 7920 

582 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick 

Company 

Columbus MS 7.90 7920 

583 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick 

Company 

Columbus MS 18.30 7920 

584 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

585 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

586 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 4680 

587 64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 7920 588 64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 7920 594 153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 7920 
A-4 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

595 153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 7920 596 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 6720 

597 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 6720 

598 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 8.86 6720 

599 158 General Finance, Inc General Finance- Cloud 

Ceramics 

Concordia KS 6.17 4944 

590 83 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co 

Grover NC 9.08 7920 

605 GENE-5 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 8760 

606 GENE-5 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 8760 

612/613 GENE-8 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 20.20 8760 

614 GENE-8 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 22.00 8760 

615 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 8760 

616 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 8760 

617 GENE-9 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 15.02 8760 

618 GENE-15 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 9.90 0 

619 GENE-15 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 14.40 0 

622/623 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 27.40 8760 
A-5 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

624 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 8760 

625 GENE-11 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 8760 

626/627 GENE-12 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale Robinson Brick Co.-Plant 2 

Denver CO 20.40 8760 

635 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 6225 636 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 6225 637 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 6408 638 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 6408 639 GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCapitol Manassas VA 16.70 0 644 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.54 6648 645 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.96 6648 642 GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationRedfield Redfield IA 10.94 6552 648 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 11.24 7032 649 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 19.76 7896 650 HANS2 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Athens Athens TX 9.53 8760 

671 HANS13 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 8352 

672 HANS13 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 8352 
A-6 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

673/674 HANS14 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 4 

Columbia SC 22.60 8280 

652 HANS5 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 11.50 8760 

653 HANS5 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 12.20 8760 

656 HANS7 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Mineral Wells East 

Mineral Wells 

TX 7.99 8760 

662 HANS8 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Monroe Monroe NC 22.80 5832 

667 HANS11 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 6528 

668 HANS11 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 6528 

669 HANS12 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 8.00 8604 

677 145 Hebron Brick 

Company 

Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 9.60 7600 

679 78 Henry Brick 

Company, Inc 

Henry Brick Selma AL 13.10 8760 

680 78 Henry Brick 

Company, Inc 

Henry Brick Selma AL 13.10 8760 

589 178NR International 

Chimney Corp 

Continental ClayKittanning Kittanning PA 2.25 8760 

704/705/

706/707 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 13.32 7700 

689 175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 

Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 6.00 8760 

690 104 Kasten Clay Products 

Co 

Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 3.74 2288 
A-7 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

703 139 L.P. McNear Brick 

Co, Inc 

McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 8.20 6800 

693 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.24 7840 694 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 9.64 7840 695 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.67 7840 696 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 13.50 7840 701 50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 3.13 8760 702 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 12.00 7920 592 MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, 

Alabama 

Fayette AL 3.56 6024 

593 MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, 

Alabama 

Fayette AL 3.56 6024 

178 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.75 6024 

179 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 6024 

180 MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 6024 

709 87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Mica Mica WA 9.60 7920 710 88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Renton WA 7.52 7080 711 68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison 

Heights 

Madison Heights 

VA 8.44 4800 

712 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Salem Salem VA 6.77 4800 713 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Salem Salem VA 4.65 4800 714 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 8760 715 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 8760 716 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 5.14 8760 
A-8 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

727/728 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, 

Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.08 7880 

729/730 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, 

Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 26.60 7880 

731/732 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, 

Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.20 7880 

735 159 Ragland Clay 

Products, LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 3.36 6240 

742 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 2016 743 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 2016 747 90 Sioux City Brick and 

Tile Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 13.10 7920 

748 90 Sioux City Brick and 

Tile Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 16.37 7920 

749 140 Sioux City Brick and 

Tile Co 

Sioux City- Sergeant Bluff Plant 

Sergeant Bluff 

IA 11.45 7920 

753 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 11.00 5000 754 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 9.35 5000 758 116 Summit Pressed 

Brick and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 6.75 7056 

759 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- 

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

760 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- 

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.24 6240 

761 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- 

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

762 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- 

Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 6240 

766/767 49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry 

Oaks Plant 

Moncure NC 23.70 8760 
A-9 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Combined 

Design 

Capacity 

(tph) 

Operatin

Hours 

768 49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry 

Oaks Plant 

Moncure NC 24.70 8760 

769 TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle BrickWadesboro Plant Wadesboro NC 20.00 8760 770 TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle BrickWadesboro Plant Wadesboro NC 20.00 8760 773 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 7.98 8760 774 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 10.00 8760 775 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 11.90 8760 776 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 6.80 8760 777 147 Yankee Hill Brick and 

Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 4.90 6240 
A-10 

Table A-2. Emissions Estimates, Control Codes, and Test Data Codes by Kiln 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

502 0.001966 0.003634 0.002432 0.138 0.254 0.170 507 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 26.5 3.54 0.151 508 0.01797 0.1133 2.747 E05 1.50 9.48 0.00230 509 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 10.6 1.41 0.0604 510 1.148 0.08084 0.003458 20.1 1.41 0.0604 511 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 10.6 1.41 0.0604 512 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 22.4 2.99 0.128 513 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 15.3 2.05 0.0875 500 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 16.5 2.21 0.0947 501 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 16.5 2.21 0.0947 515 0.058 0.6045 0.003458 25.6 2.45 0.146 516 0.1507 0.08073 0.003458 5.19 2.78 0.119 518 0.01393 0.1964 0.002441 0.622 8.77 0.109 

519/520 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 27.0 3.61 0.154 

521 1.316 0.2997 0.003458 49.1 11.2 0.129 522 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 18.6 2.48 0.106 684 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 25.2 3.36 0.144 685 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 25.2 3.36 0.144 523 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.00 1.20 0.0515 526 0.04221 0.0294 0.006779 1.97 1.37 0.316 527 0.07735 0.01228 0.0004661 4.64 0.737 0.0280 

528/529/530 0.5808 0.02998 0.003458 40.6 2.10 0.242 531/532/533 0.8786 0.2142 0.02721 89.7 21.9 2.78 

534/535 0.5709 0.03509 0.003458 15.3 0.937 0.0924 

536 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 8.15 1.09 0.0467 

537/538 0.1054 0.00707 0.002432 13.8 0.927 0.319 
A-11 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

539 0.272 0.08084 0.003458 13.4 3.98 0.170 540 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.8 3.98 0.170 545 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 31.8 4.25 0.182 546 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 31.8 4.25 0.182 

547/548 0.003287 0.001474 0.0001577 0.360 0.162 0.0173 

549 0.6395 0.08084 0.003458 27.5 3.47 0.148 550 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 25.9 3.47 0.148 

551/552 0.1412 0.0752 0.002629 14.0 7.46 0.261 

558 0.0001778 0.00399 0.002432 0.018 0.409 0.250 559 0.2154 0.09692 0.003458 9.44 4.25 0.151 560 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 26.5 3.54 0.151 561 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.7 3.97 0.170 562 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.7 3.97 0.170 563 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 35.7 4.78 0.204 566 0.004354 0.00417 0.02444 0.530 0.508 2.98 567 0.0001714 0.01362 0.002432 0.020 1.55 0.277 996 0.03888 0.02798 0.002432 4.19 3.01 0.262 699 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 20.6 2.75 0.118 575 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 14.5 1.94 0.0830 576 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 14.5 1.94 0.0830 

577/578 0.1275 0.07905 0.002441 16.5 10.2 0.315 

581 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 20.9 2.80 0.120 582 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 20.9 2.80 0.120 583 0.04519 0.04494 0.002441 3.62 3.60 0.196 584 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 32.5 4.34 0.186 585 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 32.5 4.34 0.186 586 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 32.5 4.34 0.186 587 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 22.1 2.96 0.126 
A-12 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

588 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 22.1 2.96 0.126 594 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 4.05 0.542 0.0232 595 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 4.05 0.542 0.0232 596 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 23.8 3.19 0.136 597 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 23.8 3.19 0.136 598 0.2357 0.08084 0.003458 9.15 3.14 0.134 599 0.04606 0.009585 0.002432 1.24 0.259 0.0657 590 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 24.0 3.22 0.138 605 0.04933 0.08224 0.002432 4.05 6.75 0.200 606 0.1454 0.05536 0.0001111 11.9 4.55 0.00913 

612/613 0.005068 0.05941 0.002441 0.448 5.26 0.216 

614 0.1079 0.2017 0.002441 10.4 19.4 0.235 615 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.74 1.30 0.0557 616 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.74 1.30 0.0557 617 0.03616 0.05941 0.002441 2.38 3.91 0.161 618 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 26.2 3.51 0.150 619 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 38.1 5.10 0.218 

622/623 0.08633 0.08084 0.003458 10.4 9.70 0.415 

624 0.03616 0.05941 0.002441 3.25 5.35 0.220 625 0.003011 0.02776 0.002441 0.271 2.50 0.220 

626/627 0.03616 0.05941 0.002441 3.23 5.31 0.218 

635 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 42.9 5.74 0.245 636 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 42.9 5.74 0.245 637 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 23.5 3.15 0.135 638 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 23.5 3.15 0.135 639 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 44.2 5.91 0.253 644 0.008043 0.1204 0.002441 0.547 8.20 0.166 645 0.01136 0.08594 0.002441 0.794 6.01 0.171 
A-13 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

642 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.0 3.87 0.166 648 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.8 3.98 0.170 649 0.04236 0.01659 0.002441 3.67 1.44 0.211 650 0.5304 0.1577 0.003458 22.1 6.58 0.144 671 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.9 4.00 0.171 672 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 29.9 4.00 0.171 

673/674 0.0383 0.01529 0.002441 3.79 1.51 0.242 

652 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 30.4 4.07 0.174 653 0.001581 0.004446 0.0001515 0.085 0.238 0.00809 656 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 21.2 2.83 0.121 662 0.002162 0.03491 0.002441 0.216 3.49 0.244 667 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 27.8 3.72 0.159 668 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 27.8 3.72 0.159 669 0.7923 0.08084 0.003458 27.8 2.83 0.121 677 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 25.4 3.40 0.145 679 0.002381 0.03804 0.002441 0.137 2.18 0.140 680 0.00303 0.02956 0.002441 0.174 1.70 0.140 589 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 5.96 0.797 0.0341 

704/705/706/

707 

0.4127 0.08084 0.003458 24.1 4.72 0.202 

689 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 15.9 2.12 0.0909 690 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.91 1.33 0.0567 703 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 21.7 2.90 0.124 693 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 32.4 4.33 0.185 694 0.5041 0.08084 0.003458 21.3 3.41 0.146 695 0.5748 0.0109 0.003458 31.9 0.605 0.192 696 0.003947 0.1005 0.002441 0.233 5.94 0.144 701 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 8.29 1.11 0.0474 
A-14 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

702 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 31.8 4.25 0.182 592 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.43 1.26 0.0539 593 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 9.43 1.26 0.0539 178 0.7925 0.02329 0.003458 6.07 0.179 0.0265 179 0.3862 0.02031 0.003458 3.35 0.176 0.0300 180 0.4491 0.02326 0.003458 3.89 0.202 0.0300 709 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 25.4 3.40 0.145 710 1.068 0.08084 0.003458 35.2 2.66 0.114 711 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 22.3 2.99 0.128 712 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 17.9 2.40 0.103 713 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 12.3 1.65 0.0704 714 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 6.80 0.910 0.0389 715 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 6.80 0.910 0.0389 716 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 13.6 1.82 0.0779 

727/728 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 50.5 6.76 0.289 729/730 0.02108 0.01165 0.002441 2.46 1.36 0.284 731/732 0.4038 0.09573 0.003458 34.0 8.05 0.291 

735 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 8.90 1.19 0.0509 742 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 12.2 1.64 0.0700 743 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 12.2 1.64 0.0700 747 0.03616 0.05941 0.002441 2.07 3.41 0.140 748 0.03888 0.02798 0.002432 2.79 2.01 0.174 749 0.03616 0.05941 0.002441 1.81 2.98 0.122 753 0.2944 0.08084 0.003458 14.2 3.89 0.167 754 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 24.8 3.31 0.142 758 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 17.9 2.39 0.102 759 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 2.94 0.393 0.0168 760 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 3.28 0.439 0.0188 
A-15 

Kiln ID 

Emission Factors from Test 

Data (lb/ton) 

Average Emission Factors 

(lb/ton) Kiln Emissions (tpy) 

HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 HF HCl Cl2 

To

HA

761 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 2.94 0.393 0.0168 762 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 2.94 0.393 0.0168 

766/767 0.008777 0.01987 0.002441 0.911 2.06 0.253 

768 0.004627 0.01136 0.002441 0.501 1.23 0.264 769 0.005255 0.02585 0.002441 0.460 2.26 0.214 770 0.005066 0.0228 0.002441 0.444 2.00 0.214 773 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 21.1 2.83 0.121 774 0.03888 0.02798 0.002432 1.70 1.23 0.107 775 0.1319 0.00959 0.0003769 6.87 0.500 0.0196 776 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 18.0 2.41 0.103 777 0.6045 0.08084 0.003458 13.0 1.73 0.0742 
A-16 

Table A-3. Facility Status Based on Current Emissions Estimates 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emission

HF HCl Cl

ACME-3 Acme Brick Company Acme- Bennett Tunnel Plant (BTP) Millsap TX 0.138 0.254 0.1ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) Elgin TX 28.0 13.0 0.1ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR 41.2 4.24 0.1ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) Holly Springs MS 22.4 2.99 0.1ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) Kanopolis KS 15.3 2.05 0.08ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) Springfield MN 33.1 4.43 0.1ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) Malvern AR 30.8 5.23 0.2ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) Malakoff TX 27.6 12.4 0.2ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 49.1 11.2 0.1ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) Jonesboro AR 18.6 2.48 0.135 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 50.3 6.73 0.22 American Eagle Brick Co American Eagle Brick Co Sunland Park NM 9.00 1.20 0.05BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek Sugarcreek OH 152 27.0 3BELD-2 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 8.15 1.09 0.04BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 13.8 0.927 0.3BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 43.2 7.97 0.3BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 63.5 8.50 0.3BORA-5 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #6 Bessemer AL 0.360 0.162 0.01BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 53.4 6.94 0.2BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 14.0 7.46 0.2BORA-13 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Muskogee Plant Muskogee OK 0.018 0.409 0.2BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 35.9 7.79 0.3BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 95.0 12.7 0.5BORA-17 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Salisbury Plant Salisbury NC 0.530 0.508 2
A-17 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emission

HF HCl Cl

BORA-18 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Terre Haute Plant Terre Haute IN 0.020 1.55 0.2Bram Brampton Brick Ltd. Brampton Brick, Inc. Farmersburg IN 4.19 3.01 0.2181 Certainteed Corporation Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici New Lexington OH 20.6 2.75 0.119 Cherokee Brick & Tile Co Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 45.5 14.1 0.434 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 45.5 9.20 0.4134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 97.4 13.0 0.564 Continental Brick Co Continental Brick- Martinsburg Martinsburg WV 44.2 5.91 0.2153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 8.10 1.08 0.0423 Endicott Clay Products Co Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 56.8 9.51 0.4158 General Finance, Inc General Finance- Cloud Ceramics Concordia KS 1.24 0.259 0.0683 General Shale Brick, Inc Cunningham- Cleveland Co Grover NC 24.0 3.22 0.1GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 40 Coosa GA 16.0 11.3 0.2GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge 

(Roanoke) 

VA 10.8 24.7 0.4

GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 Atkins 

(Marion) 

VA 21.9 6.51 0.2

GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 Woodbine KY 64.3 8.60 0.3GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure Facility Moncure NC 13.9 17.5 0.8GENE-12 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Robinson Brick Co.-

Plant 2 

Denver CO 3.23 5.31 0.2

GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Bigler Bigler PA 85.8 11.5 0.4GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Caledonia Caledonia OH 47.1 6.30 0.2GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Capitol Manassas VA 44.2 5.91 0.2GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Marseilles Marseilles IL 1.34 14.2 0.3GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Redfield Redfield IA 29.0 3.87 0.1GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- York York PA 33.4 5.42 0.3HANS2 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Athens Athens TX 22.1 6.58 0.1
A-18 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emission

HF HCl Cl

HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 Columbia SC 59.8 8.00 0.3HANS14 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 4 Columbia SC 3.79 1.51 0.2HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 30.5 4.31 0.1HANS7 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Mineral Wells East Mineral Wells TX 21.2 2.83 0.1HANS8 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Monroe Monroe NC 0.216 3.49 0.2HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 55.6 7.44 0.3HANS12 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 27.8 2.83 0.1145 Hebron Brick Company Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 25.4 3.40 0.178 Henry Brick Company, Inc Henry Brick Selma AL 0.310 3.88 0.2178NR International Chimney Corp Continental Clay- Kittanning Kittanning PA 5.96 0.797 0.03184 Ironrock Capital (formerly 

Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 24.1 4.72 0.2

175NR Kansas Brick and Tile Co Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 15.9 2.12 0.09104 Kasten Clay Products Co Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 9.91 1.33 0.05139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, Inc McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 21.7 2.90 0.1135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 85.8 14.3 0.650 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 8.29 1.11 0.0442 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 31.8 4.25 0.1MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL 18.9 2.52 0.1MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky Lewisport KY 13.3 0.556 0.0887 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Mica Mica WA 25.4 3.40 0.188 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Newcastle Renton WA 35.2 2.66 0.168 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison Heights Madison 

Heights 

VA 22.3 2.99 0.1

69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Salem Salem VA 30.2 4.04 0.1
A-19 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State

Facility Emission

HF HCl Cl

176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay Products- Lake 

Elsinore 

Lake Elsinore CA 27.2 3.64 0.1

137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 86.9 16.2 0.8159 Ragland Clay Products, 

LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 8.90 1.19 0.05

45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 24.5 3.27 0.190 Sioux City Brick and Tile 

Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Adel IA 4.86 5.41 0.3

140 Sioux City Brick and Tile 

Co 

Sioux City- Sergeant Bluff Plant Sergeant Bluff IA 1.81 2.98 0.1

46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 38.9 7.21 0.3116 Summit Pressed Brick and 

Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 17.9 2.39 0.1

186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- Minerva 

Plant 

Minerva OH 12.1 1.62 0.06

49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry Oaks Plant Moncure NC 1.41 3.29 0.5TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Wadesboro Plant Wadesboro NC 0.904 4.26 0.4124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 22.8 4.05 0.2Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 24.9 2.91 0.1147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 13.0 1.73 0.07
A-20 

Table A-4. Potential Kiln Control and Estimated Emissions 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

502 DLS/FF None LCD 0.138 0.254 507 None Install DLA LCD 1.32 2.48 508 DIFF None LCD 1.50 9.48 509 None Install DLA SCD 0.528 0.989 510 None Install DLA SCD 1.00 0.989 511 None Install DLA SCD 0.528 0.989 512 None Install DLA SCD 1.12 2.09 513 None Install DLA SCD 0.765 1.43 500 None Install DLA SCD 0.827 1.55 501 None Install DLA SCD 0.827 1.55 515 None Install DLA SCD 1.28 1.72 516 None Install DLA SCD 0.259 1.95 518 DLA None LCD 0.622 8.77 

519/520 None Install DLA LCD 1.35 2.53 

521 None Install DLA SCD 2.45 7.82 522 None Install DLA SCD 0.928 1.74 684 None Install DLA SCD 1.26 2.35 685 None Install DLA SCD 1.26 2.35 523 None Install DLA SCD 0.450 0.843 526 DIFF None LCD 1.97 1.37 527 DIFF None LCD 4.64 0.737 

528/529/530 None Install DLA LCD 2.03 1.47 531/532/533 SD/ESP None LCD 89.7 21.9 

534/535 None Install DLA SCD 0.763 0.656 

536 None Install DLA SCD 0.408 0.763 

537/538 DIFF None LCD 13.8 0.927 

539 None Install DLA LCD 0.670 2.79 540 None Install DLA LCD 1.49 2.79 
A-21 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

545 None Install DLA LCD 1.59 2.97 546 None Install DLA LCD 1.59 2.97 

547/548 DIFF None LCD 0.360 0.162 

549 None Install DLA SCD 1.37 2.43 550 None Install DLA SCD 1.30 2.43 

551/552 DLA None LCD 14.0 7.46 

558 DIFF None LCD 0.0182 0.409 559 None Install DLA LCD 0.472 2.97 560 None Install DLA LCD 1.32 2.48 561 None Install DLA LCD 1.48 2.78 562 None Install DLA LCD 1.48 2.78 563 None Install DLA LCD 1.79 3.35 566 DIFF None LCD 0.530 0.508 567 DIFF None LCD 0.0195 1.55 996 DIFF None LCD 4.19 3.01 699 None Install DLA SCD 1.03 1.93 575 None Install DLA SCD 0.725 1.36 576 None Install DLA SCD 0.725 1.36 

577/578 DLA None LCD 16.5 10.2 

581 None Install DLA SCD 1.05 1.96 582 None Install DLA SCD 1.05 1.96 583 DLA None LCD 3.62 3.60 584 None Install DLA LCD 1.62 3.04 585 None Install DLA LCD 1.62 3.04 586 None Install DLA LCD 1.62 3.04 587 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 2.07 588 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 2.07 594 None Install DLA SCD 0.203 0.379 595 None None SCD 4.05 0.542 
A-22 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

596 None Install DLA SCD 1.19 2.23 597 None Install DLA SCD 1.19 2.23 598 None Install DLA SCD 0.457 2.20 599 DIFF None SCD 1.24 0.259 590 None Install DLA SCD 1.20 2.25 605 DIFF None LCD 4.05 6.75 606 DIFF None LCD 11.9 4.55 

612/613 DLA None LCD 0.448 5.26 

614 DLA None LCD 10.4 19.4 615 None Install DLA SCD 0.487 0.912 616 None Install DLA SCD 0.487 0.912 617 DLA None LCD 2.38 3.91 618 None Install DLA SCD 1.31 2.45 619 None Install DLA LCD 1.91 3.57 

622/623 None Install DLA LCD 0.518 6.79 

624 DLA None LCD 3.25 5.35 625 DLA None LCD 0.271 2.50 

626/627 DLA None LCD 3.23 5.31 

635 None Install DLA LCD 2.14 4.02 636 None Install DLA LCD 2.14 4.02 637 None Install DLA SCD 1.18 2.20 638 None Install DLA SCD 1.18 2.20 639 None Install DLA LCD 2.21 4.14 644 DLA None LCD 0.547 8.20 645 DLA None LCD 0.794 6.01 642 None Install DLA LCD 1.45 2.71 648 None Install DLA LCD 1.49 2.79 649 DLA None LCD 3.67 1.44 650 None Install DLA SCD 1.11 4.61 
A-23 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

671 None Install DLA LCD 1.50 2.80 672 None Install DLA LCD 1.50 2.80 

673/674 DLA None LCD 3.79 1.51 

652 None Install DLA LCD 1.52 2.85 653 DLS/FF None LCD 0.0845 0.238 656 None Install DLA SCD 1.06 1.98 662 DLA None LCD 0.216 3.49 667 None Install DLA LCD 1.39 2.60 668 None Install DLA LCD 1.39 2.60 669 None Install DLA SCD 1.39 1.98 677 None Install DLA SCD 1.27 2.38 679 DLA None LCD 0.137 2.18 680 DLA None LCD 0.174 1.70 589 None None SCD 5.96 0.797 

704/705/706/707 None Install DLA LCD 1.20 3.30 

689 None Install DLA SCD 0.794 1.49 690 None Install DLA SCD 0.495 0.928 703 None Install DLA SCD 1.09 2.03 693 None Install DLA LCD 1.62 3.03 694 None Install DLA SCD 1.06 2.39 695 None Install DLA LCD 1.59 0.423 696 DLA None LCD 0.233 5.94 701 None Install DLA SCD 0.415 0.776 702 None Install DLA LCD 1.59 2.97 592 None Install DLA SCD 0.471 0.882 593 None Install DLA SCD 0.471 0.882 178 None Install DLA SCD 0.304 0.125 179 None None SCD 3.35 0.176 180 None None SCD 3.89 0.202 
A-24 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

709 None Install DLA SCD 1.27 2.38 710 None Install DLA SCD 1.76 1.86 711 None Install DLA SCD 1.12 2.09 712 None Install DLA SCD 0.896 1.68 713 None Install DLA SCD 0.616 1.15 714 None Install DLA SCD 0.340 0.637 715 None Install DLA SCD 0.340 0.637 716 None Install DLA SCD 0.680 1.27 

727/728 None Install DLA LCD 2.53 4.73 729/730 DLA None LCD 2.46 1.36 731/732 None Install DLA LCD 1.70 5.64 

735 None Install DLA SCD 0.445 0.833 742 None Install DLA SCD 0.612 1.15 743 None Install DLA SCD 0.612 1.15 747 DLA None LCD 2.07 3.41 748 DIFF None LCD 2.79 2.01 749 DLA None LCD 1.81 2.98 753 None Install DLA LCD 0.709 2.73 754 None Install DLA SCD 1.24 2.32 758 None Install DLA SCD 0.894 1.67 759 None None SCD 2.94 0.393 760 None Install DLA SCD 0.164 0.307 761 None Install DLA SCD 0.147 0.275 762 None Install DLA SCD 0.147 0.275 

766/767 DLA None LCD 0.911 2.06 

768 DLA None LCD 0.501 1.23 769 DLA None LCD 0.460 2.26 770 DLA None LCD 0.444 2.00 773 None Install DLA SCD 1.06 1.98 
A-25 

Kiln ID Current APCD 

Potential Action to be 

Synthetic Area APCD Size 

Kiln Emissions with Poten

HF HCl 

774 DIFF None LCD 1.70 1.23 775 None Install DLA LCD 0.344 0.350 776 None Install DLA SCD 0.900 1.69 777 None Install DLA SCD 0.648 1.21 
A-26 

Table A-5. Potential Facility Status and Cost Based on Emissions Testing and Installation 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

ACME-3 Acme Brick Company Acme- Bennett Tunnel 

Plant (BTP) 

Synthetic Area 

0.138 0.254 0.170 0.562 Synthetic Area 

ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant 

(ELP/ENP) 

Major 2.83 12.0 0.108 14.9 Major 

ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant 

(EBP) 

Major 2.06 2.97 0.127 5.15 Synthetic Area $

ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs 

Plant (HSP) 

Major 1.12 2.09 0.0896 3.30 Synthetic Area $

ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis 

Plant (KAP) 

Major 0.765 1.43 0.0613 2.26 Synthetic Area $

ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick 

Plant (AOP) 

Major 1.65 3.10 0.133 4.89 Synthetic Area $

ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant 

(PEP/PWP) 

Major 1.54 3.66 0.186 5.39 Synthetic Area $

ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay 

Plant (TCP) 

Major 1.97 11.3 0.217 13.5 Major 

ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant 

(TUP) 

Major 2.45 7.82 0.0902 10.4 Synthetic Area $

ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant 

(WTP) 

Major 0.928 1.74 0.0743 2.74 Synthetic Area $

35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada 

Plant 

Major 2.52 4.71 0.201 7.43 Synthetic Area $

2 American Eagle Brick 

Co 

American Eagle Brick Co 

Major 0.450 0.843 0.0360 1.33 Synthetic Area $

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 

Major 99.1 26.1 3.36 129 Major 

BELD-2 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg 

Major 0.408 0.763 0.0327 1.20 Synthetic Area $

BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Major 13.8 0.927 0.319 15.1 Major 
A-27 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Major 2.16 5.58 0.239 7.97 Synthetic Area $BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant 

#5 

Major 3.18 5.95 0.254 9.38 Major 

BORA-5 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant 

#6 

Synthetic Area 

0.360 0.162 0.0173 0.539 Synthetic Area 

BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Major 2.67 4.86 0.208 7.74 Synthetic Area $BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson 

Facility 

Major 14.0 7.46 0.261 21.7 Major 

BORA-13 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Muskogee 

Plant 

Synthetic Area 

0.0182 0.409 0.250 0.677 Synthetic Area 

BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix CityPlant 3 Major 1.80 5.45 0.212 7.46 Synthetic Area $BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix CityPlant 4 Major 4.75 8.90 0.381 14.0 Major BORA-17 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Salisbury Plant Synthetic 

Area 

0.530 0.508 2.98 4.01 Synthetic Area 

BORA-18 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Terre Haute 

Plant 

Synthetic Area 

0.0195 1.55 0.277 1.85 Synthetic Area 

Bram Brampton Brick Ltd. Brampton Brick, Inc. Synthetic 

Area 

4.19 3.01 0.262 7.47 Synthetic Area 

181 Certainteed 

Corporation 

Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici 

Major 1.03 1.93 0.0825 3.04 Synthetic Area $

19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 

Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Major 17.9 12.9 0.431 31.3 Major 

34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick 

Company 

Major 5.71 7.52 0.363 13.6 Major 

134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp 

Major 4.87 9.12 0.390 14.4 Major 

64 Continental Brick Co Continental BrickMartinsburg Major 2.21 4.14 0.177 6.53 Synthetic Area $153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Major 4.25 0.921 0.0394 5.21 Synthetic Area $
A-28 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products 

Major 2.84 6.66 0.285 9.78 Major 

158 General Finance, Inc General FinanceCloud Ceramics Synthetic Area 1.24 0.259 0.0657 1.57 Synthetic Area 83 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

CunninghamCleveland Co Major 1.20 2.25 0.0963 3.55 Synthetic Area $

GENE-5 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlant 40 Major 16.0 11.3 0.209 27.5 Major 

GENE-8 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Major 10.8 24.7 0.451 36.0 Major 

GENE-9 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Major 3.35 5.73 0.239 9.32 Major 

GENE-15 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General ShaleCorbin-Plant 33 Major 3.22 6.02 0.258 9.50 Major 

GENE-11 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General ShaleMoncure Facility Major 4.04 14.6 0.730 19.4 Major 

GENE-12 General Shale Brick, 

Inc 

General Shale Robinson Brick Co.-Plant 2 

Synthetic Area 

3.23 5.31 0.218 8.76 Synthetic Area 

GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

Corporation- Bigler 

Major 4.29 8.03 0.344 12.7 Major 

GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

CorporationCaledonia 

Major 2.35 4.41 0.189 6.95 Synthetic Area $

GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

Corporation- Capitol 

Major 2.21 4.14 0.177 6.53 Synthetic Area $

GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

CorporationMarseilles 

Major 1.34 14.2 0.337 15.9 Major 

GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

Corporation- Redfield 

Major 1.45 2.71 0.116 4.28 Synthetic Area $
A-29 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery 

Corporation- York 

Major 5.15 4.22 0.330 9.71 Synthetic Area $

HANS2 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Athens Major 1.11 4.61 0.101 5.82 Synthetic Area $

HANS13 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Major 2.99 5.60 0.240 8.83 Major 

HANS14 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 4 

Synthetic Area 

3.79 1.51 0.242 5.55 Synthetic Area 

HANS5 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Major 1.61 3.09 0.130 4.82 Synthetic Area $

HANS7 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Mineral Wells East 

Major 1.06 1.98 0.0847 3.12 Synthetic Area $

HANS8 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Monroe Synthetic 

Area 

0.216 3.49 0.244 3.95 Synthetic Area 

HANS11 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Major 2.78 5.21 0.223 8.21 Major 

HANS12 Hanson Brick East, 

LLC 

Hanson- Stanton Major 1.39 1.98 0.0848 3.46 Synthetic Area $

145 Hebron Brick 

Company 

Hebron Brick Plant Major 1.27 2.38 0.102 3.75 Synthetic Area $

78 Henry Brick 

Company, Inc 

Henry Brick Synthetic 

Area 

0.310 3.88 0.280 4.47 Synthetic Area 

178NR International 

Chimney Corp 

Continental ClayKittanning Synthetic Area 5.96 0.797 0.0341 6.79 Synthetic Area 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Major 1.20 3.30 0.141 4.65 Synthetic Area $

175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 

Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Major 0.794 1.49 0.0636 2.35 Synthetic Area $

104 Kasten Clay Products 

Co 

Kasten Clay Products Major 0.495 0.928 0.0397 1.46 Synthetic Area $
A-30 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

139 L.P. McNear Brick 

Co, Inc 

McNear Brickyard Major 1.09 2.03 0.0869 3.20 Synthetic Area $

135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford 

Facility 

Major 4.51 11.8 0.511 16.8 Major 

50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Major 0.415 0.776 0.0332 1.22 Synthetic Area $42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Major 1.59 2.97 0.127 4.69 Synthetic Area $MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, 

Alabama 

Major 0.943 1.76 0.0755 2.78 Synthetic Area $

MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, 

Kentucky 

Major 7.55 0.503 0.0785 8.13 Synthetic Area $

87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Mica Major 1.27 2.38 0.102 3.75 Synthetic Area $88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Major 1.76 1.86 0.0798 3.70 Synthetic Area $68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison 

Heights 

Major 1.12 2.09 0.0895 3.30 Synthetic Area $

69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Salem Major 1.51 2.83 0.121 4.46 Synthetic Area $176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Major 1.36 2.55 0.109 4.02 Synthetic Area $137 Pine Hall Brick Co, 

Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant 

Major 6.68 11.7 0.690 19.1 Major 

159 Ragland Clay 

Products, LLC 

Ragland Clay Products 

Major 0.445 0.833 0.0356 1.31 Synthetic Area $

45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Major 1.22 2.29 0.0980 3.61 Synthetic Area $90 Sioux City Brick and 

Tile Co 

Sioux City- Adel Plant Synthetic 

Area 

4.86 5.41 0.314 10.6 Synthetic Area 

140 Sioux City Brick and 

Tile Co 

Sioux City- Sergeant Bluff Plant 

Synthetic Area 

1.81 2.98 0.122 4.92 Synthetic Area 

46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Major 1.95 5.04 0.216 7.21 Synthetic Area $116 Summit Pressed 

Brick and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Major 0.894 1.67 0.0716 2.64 Synthetic Area $
A-31 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name 

Current 

Status 

Facility Emissions with 

Potential Control (tpy) Status With 

Potential 

Control 

HF HCl Cl2 

Total 

HAP 

186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- 

Minerva Plant 

Major 3.40 1.25 0.0535 4.70 Synthetic Area $

49 Triangle Brick Triangle Brick- Merry 

Oaks Plant 

Synthetic Area 

1.41 3.29 0.517 5.22 Synthetic Area 

TriWade Triangle Brick Triangle BrickWadesboro Plant Synthetic Area 0.904 4.26 0.428 5.59 Synthetic Area 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Major 2.76 3.20 0.191 6.16 Synthetic Area $Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Major 1.24 2.04 0.0858 3.37 Synthetic Area $147 Yankee Hill Brick and 

Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile 

Major 0.648 1.21 0.0519 1.91 Synthetic Area $
Appendix B 

Cost and Emission Reduction Estimates for Meeting the HBEL 

 
B-1 

Table B-1. Acid Gas Emissions and Calculated HCl-Equivalent Emissions for Major Source 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

507 ACME-8 Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 10.00 None 6.04 0.808 508 ACME-8 Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 19.10 DIFF 0.268 1.83 509 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 510 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 511 ACME-9 Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 3.99 None 4.21 0.323 512 ACME-12 Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) 8.45 None 5.11 0.683 513 ACME-14 Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) 5.78 None 3.49 0.467 500 ACME-1 Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 6.25 None 3.78 0.505 501 ACME-1 Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 6.25 None 3.78 0.505 515 ACME-18 Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 9.66 None 0.983 0.310 516 ACME-18 Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 7.86 None 0.983 0.527 518 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 10.20 DLA 0.142 2.00 519 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 5.10 None 3.08 0.412 520 ACME-20 Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 5.10 None 3.08 0.412 521 ACME-21 Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) 8.51 None 11.2 2.55 522 ACME-23 Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) 7.01 None 4.24 0.567 684 35 Jenkins- Coosaada Plant 9.50 None 11.5 1.54 685 35 Jenkins- Coosaada Plant 9.50 None 11.5 1.54 523 2 American Eagle Brick Co 3.40 None 2.06 0.275 526 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 10.65 DIFF 0.344 0.191 527 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #3 Sugarcreek 13.70 DIFF 0.707 0.0960 528 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 2.97 0.143 529 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 2.97 0.143 530 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 5.32 None 1.03 0.0632 531 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 4.49 1.09 532 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 5.12 1.25 533 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 7.77 SD/ESP 5.12 1.25 
B-2 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

534 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 3.05 None 1.41 0.0867 535 BELD-1 Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 3.05 None 1.41 0.0867 536 BELD-2 Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg 3.08 None 1.86 0.249 537 BORA-1 Boral- Atlanta Plant 14.97 DIFF 0.548 0.0417 538 BORA-1 Boral- Atlanta Plant 14.97 DIFF 1.85 0.119 539 BORA-2 Boral- Augusta Plant 6 11.25 None 2.54 0.909 540 BORA-2 Boral- Augusta Plant 6 11.25 None 2.54 0.909 545 BORA-4 Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 12.00 None 7.25 0.970 546 BORA-4 Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 12.00 None 7.25 0.970 549 BORA-6 Boral- Gleason Plant 9.80 None 3.77 0.792 550 BORA-6 Boral- Gleason Plant 9.80 None 3.77 0.792 551 BORA-7 Boral- Henderson Facility 11.33 DLA 1.45 0.789 552 BORA-7 Boral- Henderson Facility 11.33 DLA 1.45 0.789 559 BORA-14 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 10.00 None 2.77 1.25 560 BORA-14 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 10.00 None 2.77 1.25 561 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 13.50 None 8.16 1.09 562 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 11.20 None 6.77 0.905 563 BORA-15 Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 11.20 None 6.77 0.905 699 181 Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici 7.78 None 4.70 0.629 575 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 5.48 None 3.31 0.443 576 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 5.48 None 3.31 0.443 577 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 14.74 DLA 1.98 1.27 578 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile 14.74 DLA 2.07 1.24 581 34 Columbus Brick Company 7.90 None 4.78 0.639 582 34 Columbus Brick Company 7.90 None 4.78 0.639 583 34 Columbus Brick Company 18.30 DLA 0.610 0.607 584 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.41 0.991 585 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.41 0.991 586 134 Commercial Brick Corp 12.26 None 7.41 0.991 
B-3 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

587 64 Continental Brick- Martinsburg 8.35 None 5.05 0.675 588 64 Continental Brick- Martinsburg 8.35 None 5.05 0.675 594 153 Elgin Butler Plant 1.53 None 0.925 0.124 595 153 Elgin Butler Plant 1.53 None 0.925 0.124 596 23 Endicott Clay Products 9.00 None 5.44 0.728 597 23 Endicott Clay Products 9.00 None 5.44 0.728 598 23 Endicott Clay Products 8.86 None 1.40 0.716 590 83 Cunningham- Cleveland Co 9.08 None 5.49 0.734 605 GENE-5 General Shale Brick-Plant 40 18.75 DIFF 0.810 1.40 606 GENE-5 General Shale Brick-Plant 40 18.75 DIFF 2.69 0.916 612 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 10.10 DLA 0.0375 0.600 613 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 10.10 DLA 0.0375 0.600 614 GENE-8 General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 22.00 DLA 1.85 3.42 615 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 3.68 None 2.22 0.297 616 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 3.68 None 2.22 0.297 617 GENE-9 General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 15.02 DLA 0.543 0.892 618 GENE-15 General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 9.90 None 5.98 0.800 619 GENE-15 General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 14.40 None 8.70 1.16 622 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 13.70 None 0.982 1.11 623 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 13.70 None 0.982 1.11 624 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 20.55 DLA 0.0600 0.553 625 GENE-11 General Shale- Moncure Facility 20.55 DLA 0.0600 0.553 635 GLEN-1 Glen-Gery Corporation- Bigler 16.20 None 9.79 1.31 636 GLEN-1 Glen-Gery Corporation- Bigler 16.20 None 9.79 1.31 637 GLEN-2 Glen-Gery Corporation- Caledonia 8.89 None 5.37 0.719 638 GLEN-2 Glen-Gery Corporation- Caledonia 8.89 None 5.37 0.719 639 GLEN-3 Glen-Gery Corporation- Capitol 16.70 None 10.1 1.35 644 GLEN-8 Glen-Gery Corporation- Marseilles 15.54 DLA 0.120 1.80 645 GLEN-8 Glen-Gery Corporation- Marseilles 15.96 DLA 0.181 1.36 
B-4 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

642 GLEN-5 Glen-Gery Corporation- Redfield 10.94 None 6.61 0.884 648 GLEN-10 Glen-Gery Corporation- York 11.24 None 6.79 0.909 649 GLEN-10 Glen-Gery Corporation- York 19.76 DLA 0.521 0.203 650 HANS2 Hanson- Athens 9.53 None 5.25 1.56 671 HANS13 Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 11.30 None 6.83 0.914 672 HANS13 Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 11.30 None 6.83 0.914 652 HANS5 Hanson- Elgin 11.50 None 0.0176 0.0429 653 HANS5 Hanson- Elgin 12.20 DLS/FF 0.00550 0.0260 656 HANS7 Hanson- Mineral Wells East 7.99 None 4.83 0.646 667 HANS11 Hanson- Roseboro 10.50 None 6.35 0.849 668 HANS11 Hanson- Roseboro 10.50 None 6.35 0.849 669 HANS12 Hanson- Stanton 8.00 None 5.99 0.647 677 145 Hebron Brick Plant 9.60 None 0.0300 0.776 704 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 0.861 0.269 

705 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 0.861 0.269 

706 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 1.43 0.269 

707 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan 

Ceramics, Inc.) 

3.33 None 1.05 0.269 

689 175NR Kansas Brick and Tile 6.00 None 3.63 0.485 690 104 Kasten Clay Products 3.74 None 2.26 0.303 703 139 McNear Brickyard 8.20 None 4.96 0.663 693 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 12.24 None 7.40 0.989 694 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 9.64 None 3.93 0.779 695 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 12.67 None 5.80 0.110 696 135 Lee Brick Sanford Facility 13.50 DLA 0.0433 1.10 701 50 Marion Ceramics 3.13 None 1.89 0.253 702 42 McAvoy Brick 12.00 None 7.25 0.970 
B-5 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

592 MOHA-4 Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 3.56 None 2.15 0.288 593 MOHA-4 Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 3.56 None 2.15 0.288 178 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.75 None 1.66 0.0487 179 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.98 None 0.699 0.0368 180 MOHA-6 Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 1.98 None 0.844 0.0437 709 87 Mutual Materials- Mica 9.60 None 5.80 0.776 710 88 Mutual Materials- Newcastle 7.52 None 6.67 0.608 711 68 Old Virginia- Madison Heights 8.44 None 5.10 0.682 712 69 Old Virginia- Salem 6.77 None 4.09 0.547 713 69 Old Virginia- Salem 4.65 None 2.81 0.376 714 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 2.57 None 1.55 0.208 715 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 2.57 None 1.55 0.208 716 176NR Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore 5.14 None 3.11 0.416 727 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.54 None 5.77 0.771 728 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.54 None 5.77 0.771 729 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 13.30 DLA 0.285 0.138 730 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 13.30 DLA 0.239 0.153 731 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.60 None 3.19 0.760 732 137 Pine Hall- Madison Plant 9.60 None 3.19 0.760 735 159 Ragland Clay Products 3.36 None 2.03 0.272 742 45 Richards Brick 4.62 None 2.79 0.373 743 45 Richards Brick 4.62 None 2.79 0.373 753 46 Statesville Brick 11.00 None 2.89 0.889 754 46 Statesville Brick 9.35 None 5.65 0.756 758 116 Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 6.75 None 4.08 0.546 759 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.671 0.0897 760 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.24 None 0.750 0.100 761 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.671 0.0897 762 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 1.11 None 0.671 0.0897 
B-6 

Kiln 

ID 

Facility 

ID Facility Name 

Kiln Design 

Capacity 

(tph) APCD 

HF 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

HCl 

Emissions 

(lb/hr) 

Em

773 124 Watsontown Brick 7.98 None 4.83 0.645 774 124 Watsontown Brick 10.00 DIFF 0.389 0.280 775 Whit Whitacre Greer 11.90 None 7.19 0.962 776 Whit Whitacre Greer 6.80 None 4.11 0.550 777 147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile 4.90 None 2.96 0.396 

a Values in plain font are lb/hr emissions from test data. Values in bold italic underlined font were calculated by multiplying emission fact

design capacity. 

b HCl-equivalent emissions calculated using the equation in Section IV of this memorandum. 
B-7 

Table B-2. Total Facility HCl-Equivalent Emissions 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Stat

ACME-8 Acme Brick Company Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) Elgin TX ACME-9 Acme Brick Company Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) Clarksville AR ACME-12 Acme Brick Company Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) Holly Springs MS ACME-14 Acme Brick Company Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) Kanopolis KS ACME-1 Acme Brick Company Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) Springfield MN ACME-18 Acme Brick Company Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) Malvern AR ACME-20 Acme Brick Company Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) Malakoff TX ACME-21 Acme Brick Company Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK ACME-23 Acme Brick Company Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) Jonesboro AR 35 Acme Brick Company Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 2 American Eagle Brick Co American Eagle Brick Co Sunland Park NM BELD-1 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek Sugarcreek OH BELD-2 Belden Brick Company Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 181 Certainteed Corporation Certainteed Corporation- Ludowici New Lexington OH 19 Cherokee Brick & Tile Co Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 34 Columbus Brick Co Columbus Brick Company Columbus MS 134 Commercial Brick Corp Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 64 Continental Brick Co Continental Brick- Martinsburg Martinsburg WV 153 Elgin-Butler Brick Co Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 23 Endicott Clay Products Co Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 83 General Shale Brick, Inc Cunningham- Cleveland Co Grover NC 
B-8 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Stat

GENE-5 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plant 40 Coosa GA GENE-8 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA GENE-9 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale Brick-Plants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA GENE-15 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Corbin-Plant 33 Woodbine KY GENE-11 General Shale Brick, Inc General Shale- Moncure Facility Moncure NC GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Bigler Bigler PA GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Caledonia Caledonia OH GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Capitol Manassas VA GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Marseilles Marseilles IL GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- Redfield Redfield IA GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery Corporation- York York PA HANS2 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Athens Athens TX HANS13 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 Columbia SC HANS5 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX HANS7 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Mineral Wells East Mineral Wells TX HANS11 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC HANS12 Hanson Brick East, LLC Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 145 Hebron Brick Company Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 184 Ironrock Capital (formerly 

Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 

175NR Kansas Brick and Tile Co Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 104 Kasten Clay Products Co Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 139 L.P. McNear Brick Co, Inc McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 135 Lee Brick and Tile Co Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 50 Marion Ceramics, Inc Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA MOHA-4 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama Fayette AL MOHA-6 Mohawk Industries Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky Lewisport KY 87 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Mica Mica WA 88 Mutual Materials Co Mutual Materials- Newcastle Renton WA 
B-9 

Facility ID Company Name Facility Name City Stat

68 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Madison Heights Madison Heights VA 69 Old Virginia Brick Co Old Virginia- Salem Salem VA 176NR Pacific Clay Products Pacific Clay Products- Lake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 137 Pine Hall Brick Co, Inc Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 159 Ragland Clay Products, LLC Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 46 Statesville Brick Co Statesville Brick Statesville NC 116 Summit Pressed Brick and Tile Co Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard Pueblo CO 186 Summitville Tiles, Inc. Summitville Tiles, Inc.- Minerva Plant Minerva OH 124 Watsontown Brick Co Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 147 Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 
Appendix C 

Estimate of Non-Hg HAP Metals Emissions (lb/hr) by Kiln 

 
C-1 

Table C-1. Estimate of Non-Hg HAP Metals Emissions by Kiln 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

507 ACME-8 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 10.00 None 0.324 

508 ACME-8 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Elgin Plant (ELP/ENP) 

Elgin TX 19.10 DIFF 0.0100 

509 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.324 

510 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.324 

511 ACME-9 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Eureka Plant (EBP) 

Clarksville AR 3.99 None 0.324 

512 ACME-12 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Holly Springs Plant (HSP) 

Holly Springs MS 8.45 None 0.324 

513 ACME-14 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Kanapolis Plant (KAP) 

Kanopolis KS 5.78 None 0.324 

500 ACME-1 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 None 0.324 

501 ACME-1 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Ochs Brick Plant (AOP) 

Springfield MN 6.25 None 0.324 

515 ACME-18 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 9.66 None 0.292 

516 ACME-18 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Perla Plant (PEP/PWP) 

Malvern AR 7.86 None 0.292 

518 ACME-20 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 DLA 0.106 

519/520 ACME-20 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Texas Clay Plant (TCP) 

Malakoff TX 10.20 None 0.324 

521 ACME-21 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Tulsa Plant (TUP) Tulsa OK 8.51 None 0.23
C-2 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

522 ACME-23 Acme Brick 

Company 

Acme- Wheeler Plant (WTP) 

Jonesboro AR 7.01 None 0.324 

523 2 American Eagle 

Brick Co 

American Eagle Brick Co Sunland Park NM 3.40 None 0.324 

526 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #2 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 10.65 DIFF 0.0697 

527 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #3 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 13.70 DIFF 0.0770 

528/529/

530 

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #6 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 15.96 None 0.39

531/532/

533 

BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #8 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 23.31 SD/ESP 0.11

534/535 BELD-1 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant #9 Sugarcreek 

Sugarcreek OH 6.10 None 0.664 

536 BELD-2 Belden Brick 

Company 

Belden- Plant 1 Strasburg Strasburg OH 3.08 None 0.324 

537/538 BORA-1 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Atlanta Plant Smyrna GA 29.94 DIFF 0.00868 

539 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 None 0.282 540 BORA-2 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Augusta Plant 6 Augusta GA 11.25 None 0.282 545 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 None 0.324 546 BORA-4 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Bessemer Plant #5 Bessemer AL 12.00 None 0.324 549 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 None 0.0196 550 BORA-6 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Gleason Plant Gleason TN 9.80 None 0.0196 

551/552 BORA-7 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Henderson Facility Henderson TX 22.66 DLA 0.553 

559 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 None 0.324 560 BORA-14 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 3 Phenix City AL 10.00 None 0.324 561 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 None 0.324 562 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 11.20 None 0.324 563 BORA-15 Boral Bricks Inc. Boral- Phenix City-Plant 4 Phenix City AL 13.50 None 0.324 
C-3 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

699 181 Certainteed 

Corporation 

Certainteed CorporationLudowici New Lexington OH 7.78 None 0.324 

575 19 Cherokee Brick & 

Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 None 0.324 

576 19 Cherokee Brick & 

Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 5.48 None 0.324 

577/578 19 Cherokee Brick & 

Tile Co 

Cherokee Brick & Tile Macon GA 29.48 DLA 0.24

581 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company 

Columbus MS 7.90 None 0.324 

582 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company 

Columbus MS 7.90 None 0.324 

583 34 Columbus Brick 

Co 

Columbus Brick Company 

Columbus MS 18.30 DLA 0.0477 

584 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.324 

585 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.324 

586 134 Commercial Brick 

Corp 

Commercial Brick Corp Wewoka OK 12.26 None 0.324 

587 64 Continental Brick 

Co 

Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 None 0.324 

588 64 Continental Brick 

Co 

Continental BrickMartinsburg Martinsburg WV 8.35 None 0.324 

590 83 Cunningham Brick 

Company, Inc 

Cunningham- Cleveland Co 

Grover NC 9.08 None 0.324 

592 MOHA-4 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 

Fayette AL 3.56 None 0.324 

593 MOHA-4 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Fayette, Alabama 

Fayette AL 3.56 None 0.324 
C-4 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

178 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.75 None 0.243 

179 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 None 0.313 

180 MOHA-6 Mohawk 

Industries 

Dal-Tile, Lewisport, Kentucky 

Lewisport KY 1.98 None 0.183 

594 153 Elgin-Butler Brick 

Co 

Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 None 0.324 

595 153 Elgin-Butler Brick 

Co 

Elgin Butler Plant Elgin TX 1.53 None 0.324 

596 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 None 0.324 

597 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 9.00 None 0.324 

598 23 Endicott Clay 

Products Co 

Endicott Clay Products Fairbury NE 8.86 None 0.324 

605 GENE-5 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 DIFF 0.0390 

606 GENE-5 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale Brick-Plant 40 

Coosa GA 18.75 DIFF 0.0390 

612/613 GENE-8 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 20.20 DLA 0.413 

614 GENE-8 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 35 & 36 Blue Ridge (Roanoke) VA 22.00 DLA 0.165 

615 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 None 0.324 

616 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 3.68 None 0.324 

617 GENE-9 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale BrickPlants 6 & 28 Atkins (Marion) VA 15.02 DLA 0.165 
C-5 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

618 GENE-15 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 9.90 None 0.324 

619 GENE-15 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- CorbinPlant 33 Woodbine KY 14.40 None 0.324 

622/623 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 27.40 None 0.324 

624 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 DLA 0.0910 

625 GENE-11 General Shale 

Brick, Inc 

General Shale- Moncure Facility 

Moncure NC 20.55 DLA 0.0910 

635 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 None 0.324 636 GLEN-1 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationBigler Bigler PA 16.20 None 0.324 637 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 None 0.324 638 GLEN-2 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCaledonia Caledonia OH 8.89 None 0.324 639 GLEN-3 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationCapitol Manassas VA 17.00 None 0.324 644 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.54 DLA 0.178 645 GLEN-8 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationMarseilles Marseilles IL 15.96 DLA 0.262 642 GLEN-5 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationRedfield Redfield IA 10.94 None 0.324 648 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 11.24 None 0.324 649 GLEN-10 Glen Gery Glen-Gery CorporationYork York PA 19.76 DLA 0.0566 
C-6 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

650 HANS2 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Athens Athens TX 9.53 None 0.250 

671 HANS13 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 None 0.324 

672 HANS13 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Columbia - Plant 2 

Columbia SC 11.30 None 0.324 

652 HANS5 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 11.50 None 0.324 

653 HANS5 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Elgin Elgin TX 12.20 DIFF 0.0516 

656 HANS7 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Mineral Wells East 

Mineral Wells TX 7.99 None 0.324 

667 HANS11 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 None 0.324 

668 HANS11 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Roseboro Roseboro NC 10.50 None 0.324 

669 HANS12 Hanson Brick 

East, LLC 

Hanson- Stanton Stanton KY 8.00 None 0.376 

677 145 Hebron Brick 

Company 

Hebron Brick Plant Hebron ND 9.60 None 0.324 

704/705/

706/707 

184 Ironrock Capital 

(formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Ironrock Capital (formerly Metropolitan Ceramics, Inc.) 

Canton OH 13.32 None 0.746 

684 35 Acme Brick 

Company 

Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 None 0.324 

685 35 Acme Brick 

Company 

Jenkins- Coosaada Plant Coosaada AL 9.50 None 0.324 

689 175NR Kansas Brick and 

Tile Co 

Kansas Brick and Tile Hoisington KS 6.00 None 0.324 
C-7 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

690 104 Kasten Clay 

Products Co 

Kasten Clay Products Jackson MO 3.74 None 0.324 

693 135 Lee Brick and Tile 

Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.24 None 0.0116 

694 135 Lee Brick and Tile 

Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 9.64 None 0.324 

695 135 Lee Brick and Tile 

Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 12.67 None 0.0116 

696 135 Lee Brick and Tile 

Co 

Lee Brick Sanford Facility Sanford NC 13.50 DLA 0.0176 

701 50 Marion Ceramics, 

Inc 

Marion Ceramics Pee Dee SC 3.13 None 0.324 

702 42 McAvoy Brick Co McAvoy Brick Phoenixville PA 12.00 None 0.324 703 139 L.P. McNear Brick 

Co, Inc 

McNear Brickyard San Rafael CA 8.20 None 0.324 

709 87 Mutual Materials 

Co 

Mutual Materials-Mica Mica WA 9.60 None 0.324 

710 88 Mutual Materials 

Co 

Mutual MaterialsNewcastle Renton WA 7.52 None 0.324 

711 68 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia- Madison Heights 

Madison Heights 

VA 8.44 None 0.324 

712 69 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 6.77 None 0.324 

713 69 Old Virginia Brick 

Co 

Old Virginia-Salem Salem VA 4.65 None 0.324 

714 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 None 0.324 

715 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 2.57 None 0.324 

716 176NR Pacific Clay 

Products 

Pacific Clay ProductsLake Elsinore Lake Elsinore CA 5.14 None 0.324 
C-8 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

727/728 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.08 None 0.324 

729/730 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 26.60 DLA 0.139 

731/732 137 Pine Hall Brick 

Co, Inc 

Pine Hall- Madison Plant Madison NC 19.20 None 0.324 

735 159 Ragland Clay 

Products, LLC 

Ragland Clay Products Ragland AL 3.36 None 0.324 

742 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 None 0.324 743 45 Richards Brick Co Richards Brick Edwardsville IL 4.62 None 0.324 753 46 Statesville Brick 

Co 

Statesville Brick Statesville NC 11.00 None 0.324 

754 46 Statesville Brick 

Co 

Statesville Brick Statesville NC 9.35 None 0.324 

758 116 Summit Pressed 

Brick and Tile Co 

Summit- Brick Plant and Storage Yard 

Pueblo CO 6.75 None 0.324 

759 186 Summitville Tiles, 

Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.324 

760 186 Summitville Tiles, 

Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.24 None 0.324 

761 186 Summitville Tiles, 

Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.324 

762 186 Summitville Tiles, 

Inc. 

Summitville Tiles, Inc.-Minerva Plant 

Minerva OH 1.11 None 0.324 

773 124 Watsontown Brick 

Co 

Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 7.98 None 0.324 

774 124 Watsontown Brick 

Co 

Watsontown Brick Watsontown PA 10.00 DIFF 0.0555 

775 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 11.90 None 0.64776 Whit Whitacre Greer Whitacre Greer Alliance OH 6.80 None 0.324 
C-9 

Kiln ID 

Facility 

ID Company Name Facility Name City State 

Kiln 

Design 

Capacity APCD 

Average 

PM 

(lb/ton) 

777 147 Yankee Hill Brick 

and Tile 

Yankee Hill Brick and Tile Lincoln NE 4.90 None 0.324 

a No PM or HAP metals test data available; value is emission factor based on APCD. b No PM or HAP metals test data available; value calculated by multiplying lb/ton value and kiln capacity. c No PM or HAP metals test data available; value calculated by multiplying lb/hr PM emissions and average percentage of PM that is med No PM test data available, assigned same lb/ton value as tested identical kiln at the same facility. e Kiln not tested for HAP metals; value calculated by multiplying lb/hr PM emissions and average percentage of PM that is metal HAP (1
Modeled Plants with some available data

FACILITY

_ID

Business 

Size Capital Cost Annual Cost

100 Small $19,000 $7,584

101 Small $19,000 $7,584

102 Small $175,697 $118,831

103 Small $4,980,090 $2,074,665

104 Small $51,000 $24,336

105 Small $1,540,000 $598,293

106 Small $19,000 $7,584

107 Small $19,000 $4,600

108 Small $19,000 $7,584

109 Small $19,000 $7,584

110 Small $29,000 $13,068

111 Small $19,000 $4,600

112 Small $19,000 $7,584

113 Small $19,000 $7,584

114 Small $40,000 $18,752

115 Small $19,000 $4,600

116 Large $19,000 $7,584

117 Small $19,000 $7,584

118 Small $51,000 $24,336

119 Small $1,686,697 $704,056

120 Small $19,000 $7,584

121 Small $40,000 $18,752

122 Small $1,540,000 $598,293

123 Large $29,000 $13,068

124 Small $19,000 $7,584

125 Small $29,000 $13,068

126 Small $1,675,697 $698,372

127 Small $29,000 $7,100

128 Small $19,000 $7,584

129 Small $29,000 $13,068

130 Small $19,000 $7,584

131 Small $29,000 $13,068

132 Small $29,000 $7,100

133 Large $19,000 $7,584

134 Small $19,000 $7,584

135 Small $19,000 $7,584

136 Small $29,000 $7,100

137 Large $29,000 $13,068

138 Large $19,000 $7,584

139 Large $19,000 $7,584

140 Large $29,000 $13,068

141 Large $1,675,697 $698,372

142 Large $19,000 $7,584

143 Large $19,000 $7,584
FACILITY

_ID

Business 

Size Capital Cost Annual Cost

144 Large $19,000 $4,600

145 Large $1,822,393 $804,136

146 Large $40,000 $18,752

147 Large $4,174,393 $1,259,324

148 Large $19,000 $7,584

149 Large $165,697 $113,347

150 Large $19,000 $4,600

151 Large $3,008,095 $926,873

152 Large $1,540,000 $598,293

153 Large $19,000 $4,600

154 Large $19,000 $4,600

155 Large $3,008,095 $926,873

156 Large $3,322,393 $1,383,677

157 Large $19,000 $4,600

158 Large $29,000 $13,068

159 Large $1,665,697 $692,888

160 Small $19,000 $4,600

161 Large $4,540,000 $1,757,375

162 Large $19,000 $4,600

163 Large $1,675,697 $698,372

164 Large $29,000 $13,068

165 Large $3,029,000 $1,172,150

166 Large $1,540,000 $598,293

167 Large $3,322,393 $1,383,677

168 Large $1,518,548 $466,986

169 Large $29,000 $13,068

170 Large $1,508,548 $464,486

171 Large $1,508,548 $464,486

172 Large $3,322,393 $1,383,677

173 Large $3,029,000 $1,172,150

174 Large $19,000 $7,584

175 Large $3,029,000 $1,172,150

176 Large $19,000 $4,600

177 Large $19,000 $7,584

178 Large $1,518,548 $466,986

179 Large $19,000 $7,584

180 Large $19,000 $4,600

181 Large $29,000 $13,068

182 Large $40,000 $18,752

183 Small $29,000 $7,100

184 Small $1,675,697 $698,372

$64,579,010 $24,628,501
BSCP

EXISTING SOURCE FLOORS

Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated 

0.16 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.040 gr/dscf PM at 7 percent O2 -- OR 0.023 lb/hr non-Hg HAP metals -- -- 0.036 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.0029 gr/dscf PM at 17 p-- OR 0.0057 lb/hr non-Hg HAP -- 0.37 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.0021 gr/dscf PM at 17 p-- OR 0.11 lb/hr non-Hg HAP me

NEW SOURCE FLOORS

Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated 

0.022 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.0066 gr/dscf PM at 7 percent O2 -- OR 0.0032 lb/hr non-Hg HAP metals -- -- 0.018 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.0014 gr/dscf PM at 17 p-- OR 0.0057 lb/hr non-Hg HAP -- 0.030 lb/ton PM -- OR 0.0021 gr/dscf PM at 17 p-- OR 0.11 lb/hr non-Hg HAP me

If Final included PM subcategories on 12% of the industry, and not 12% of data on hand:

12% of industry, QA1 data, own unit of measure

Pool Determination Limits 

122 industrywide 0.077 lb/ton PM15 in floor pool OR 0.0069 gr/dscf PM at 17 p

OR 0.019 lb/hr non-Hg HAP m

Small tunnel kilns (< 10 tph) 98 industrywide 0.37 lb/ton PM

12 in floor pool OR 0.021 gr/dscf PM at 17 pe

OR 0.091 lb/hr non-Hg HAP m

220 industrywide 27 in floor pool(225 industrywide at proposal OR 0.014 gr/dscf PM at 17 pe27 in floor pool at proposal) OR 0.057 lb/hr non-Hg HAP m

All tunnel kilns

0.12 lb/ton PM

Large tunnel kilns (≥ 10 tph)All tunnel kilnsLarge tunnel kilns (≥ 10 tph)Small tunnel kilns (< 10 tph)All tunnel kilns

--

-- --

--57 lb/hr HCl-equivalent 

SubcategorySubcategoryLarge tunnel kilns (≥ 10 tph)Small tunnel kilns (< 10 tph)

------57 lb/hr HCl-equivalent 

Total non-Hg HAP metals 

Acid gases Total non-Hg HAP metals 

--

57 lb/hr HCl-equivalent 57 lb/hr HCl-equivalent 

Acid gases
CC

EXISTING SOURCE FLOORS

Dioxi

(ng/d

per

Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated Pr

Floor tile roller kilns 140 140 1.3 E-04 1.3 E-04 0.18 0.13 Floor tile press dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Floor tile spray dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Wall tile roller kilns 140 140 2.0 E-04 2.1 E-04 0.20 0.37 Wall tile spray dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Tile glaze lines -- -- 1.6 E-04 1.6 E-04 1.9 1.9 First-fire sanitaryware tunnel kilns 140 140 2.6 E-04 2.6 E-04 0.33 0.34 Sanitaryware manual glaze application -- -- -- -- 33 35 

Sanitaryware spray machine glaze application -- -- -- -- 12 13 Sanitaryware robot glaze application -- -- -- -- 8.8 8.9 

NEW SOURCE FLOORS

Dioxi

(ng/d

per

Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated Proposed Promulgated Pr

Floor tile roller kilns 140 140 3.9 E-05 3.9 E-05 0.027 0.037 Floor tile press dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Floor tile spray dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Wall tile roller kilns 140 140 2.0 E-04 2.1 E-04 0.20 0.37 Wall tile spray dryers -- -- -- -- -- -- Tile glaze lines -- -- 1.6 E-04 1.6 E-04 0.61 0.61 First-fire sanitaryware tunnel kilns 140 140 1.2 E-04 1.3 E-04 0.095 0.095 Sanitaryware manual glaze application -- -- -- -- 3.8 3.9 

Sanitaryware spray machine glaze application -- -- -- -- 3.2 3.2 Sanitaryware robot glaze application -- -- -- -- 2.2 2.3 SubcategorySubcategory

Acid gases (lb/hr HClequivalent) Hg (lb/ton) PM (lb/ton)

Acid gases (lb/hr HClequivalent) Hg (lb/ton) PM (lb/ton)