Miocene Gastropods and 

Biostratigraphy of the 

Kern River Area, 

California 

By W. 0. ADDICOTT 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 

Systematic description and stratigraphic 

distribution of I82 early and middle 

Miocene gastropod taxa 

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1970 
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary 

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

William T. Pecora, Director 

Library of Congress catalog-card No. 77-606259 

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $2.25 (paper cover) 

7 2 3 6 5 6 3 0 9 (\!\ 
CONTENTS 

Abstract------------------------------------------- Introduction ______________________________________ _ 

Chronology of literature (annotated) dealing with Miocene 

gastropods of the Kern River area _______________ _ 

Present studY-------------------------------------- Purpose and scope __ .. __________________________ _ 

Acknowledgments ______________________________ _ 

StratigraphY-----------------------------------

Walker Formation _____________________________ _ Vedder Sand __________________________________ _ 

Jewett Sand------------------------------------ Freeman Silt_ ____________________________ ~ ____ _ 

Olcese Sand ___________________________________ _ 

Round Mountain Silt_ _________________________ _ 

Santa Margarita Formation _____________________ _ 

Biostratigraphy ____________________________________ _ 

Previous work _________________________________ _ 

General considerations _________________________ _ 

Jewett Sand ___________________________________ _ 

Freeman Silt __________________________________ _ 

Olcese Sand ___________________________________ _ 

Round Mountain Silt __________________________ _ 

Santa Margarita Formation _____________________ _ 

Age and position in the Pacific Coast megafauna! chronologY--------------------------------~----- Walker Formation _____________________________ _ 

Vedder Sand __________________________________ _ 

Jewett Sand ___________________________________ _ 

Freeman Silt __________________________________ _ 

Olcese Sand and Round Mountain Silt ___________ _ 

Santa Margarita Formation _____________________ _ 

Correlation with Oregon and Washington _____________ _ Oregon _______________________________________ _ 

Washington ____________________ . _______________ _ 

Proposed new species or subspecies ____________________ _ 

Generic and specific reassignments ___________________ _ 

Systematic descriptions _____________________________ _ 

Order Archaeogastropoda _______________________ _ 

Family Fissurellidae ________________________ _ 

Family Trochidae __________________________ _ 

Family Turbinidae _________________________ _ 

Family Neritidae __________________________ _ 

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Systematic descriptions-Continued Order Mesogastropoda _________________________ _ 

Family Lacunidae _________________________ _ 

Family Vitrinellidae ________________________ _ 

Family Turritellidae _______________________ _ 

Family Cerithiopsidae ______________________ _ 

Family Ceri thiidae ______________________ . ___ _ 

Family Epitoniidae ________________________ _ 

Family Eulimidae __________________________ _ 

Family Trichotropididae ____________________ _ 

Family Calyptraeidae ______________________ _ 

Family Crepidulidae _______________________ _ 

Family N aticidae __________________________ _ 

Family Cymatiidae ________________________ _ 

Family Ficidae ____ ~ _______ .. _______________ _ 

Order Neogastropoda ___________________________ _ 

Family Muricidae ________________ :. _________ _ 

Family Thaisidae __________________________ _ 

Family Columbellidae ______________________ _ 

Family N eptuneidac _______________________ _ 

Family Buccinidac _________________________ _ 

Family N assariidac ________________________ _ 

Family Fusinidac __________________________ _ 

Family Mitridac ___________________________ _ 

Family Volutidae ___________________________ · 

Family Cancellariidae ______________________ _ 

Family Oli vidae ___________________________ _ 

Family Conidac ___________________________ _ 

Family Terebridac _________________________ _ 

Family Turridac ___________________________ _ 

Subfamily Turrinae ____________________ _ 

Subfamily Turriculinac _________________ _ 

Subfamily Clavinac ____________________ _ 

Subfamily Mangeliinae _________________ _ 

Order Tcctibranchia ___________________________ _ 

Family Acteonidac _________________________ _ 

Family Bullidae ___________ ------- _________ _ 

Family Akcridae ___________________________ _ 

Family Scaphandridae ______________________ _ 

Family Actcocinidae _______________________ _ 

Family Pyramidcllidae _____________________ _ 

Fossil localities ______________ • _____________________ _ 

References------------·---------------------------- Index ____________________________________________ _ 

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IV CONTENTS 

ILLUSTRATIONS 

[Plates 1-21 follow index] 

PLATE 1. Diodora, Tegula, Calliostoma, Gibbula, and Nerita. 

2. Astraea, V itrinella, and Turritella. 

3. Lacuna, Batillaria, Bittium, Epitonium, Scalina, Opalia, and Trichotropis. 

4. Calyptraea, Crepidula, and Trichotropis. 

5. N atica, Crucibulum, Crepidula, Polinices, and N everita. 

6. N everita, Mediargo, Sinum, Cymatium, and Ficus. 

7. Ocenebra, Ficus, Forreria, Mediargo, Calicantharus, Ceratostoma, and Bullina. 

8. Ocenebra, Trophon, and Typhis. 

9. Thais, Typhis, Mitrella, Anachis, Bruclarkia, and Strombina. 

10. Bruclarkia, Calicantharus, and Kelletia. 

11. Molopophorus, Calicantharus1 Antillophos, Morula, Triumphis?, Macron, and Kelletia. 

12. N assarius and Priscofusus. 

13. Cancellaria, Psephaea, and Mitra. 

14. Cancellaria. 

15. Cancellaria. 

16. Cancellaria, Oliva, and Conus. 

17. Conus, Olivella, Terebra, Ophiodermella, Hastula, and Polystira. 

18. Turricula, Turricula?, Megasurcula, and Knefastia. 

19. Megasurcula, Xenuroturris, Turricula?, Ophiodermella, Crassispira, Glyphostoma, Mangelia, and Acteon. 

20. Balcis, Volvulella, Eulima, Cylichna, Cylichna?, Scaphander, Acteon, Odostomia, Sulcoretusa?, Niso, Haminoea, and Bulla. 

21. Pyramidella, Turbonilla, Odostomia, and Balcis. 

Page 

FIGURE 1. Index map of the Kern River-Poso Creek area showing distribution of marine Miocene exposures_______________ 2 

2. Correlation chart showing development of stratigraphic nomenclature_____________________________________ 6 

3. Geologic sketch map of the Kern River-Poso Creek area ohowing fossil localities____________________________ 8 

4. Diagram showing part of the electric log from Shell Oil welL_____________________________________________ 10 

5. Diagram showing part of a composite electric log from Round Mountain field______________________________ 11 

6. Diagram showing correlation of subsurface type sections of Jewett Sand and Freeman Silt with electric logs____ 14 

7. Diagrammatic section from Pyramid Hill to Alma------------------------------------------------------ 15 

8. Diagram showing correlation of type section of the Round Mountain Silt__________________________________ 20 

9. Diagrammatic section showing the principal outcrop and subsurface occurrences of mollusks__________________ 23 

10. Index map of California showing principai fossil localities------------------------------------------------ 38 

11. Index map of Oregon and Washington showing principal fo~sillocalities __________________________________ "' 39 

TABLES 

Page 

TABLE 1. Stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene gastropods i~ the Kern River-Bakersfield area___________________________ 25 

2. Species listed by earlier workers that were not recognized during this investigation____________________________ 27 

3. Gastropods from the lower part of the Jewett Sand------------------------------------------------------- 28 

4. Gastropods from the lower part of the Olcese Sand_______________________________________________________ 29 

5. Gastropods from the middle part of the Olcese Sand______________________________________________________ 29 

6. Some gastropods restricted to the upper part of the Olcese Sand and lower part of the Round Mountain Silt____ 30 

7. Gastropods from the upper part of the Round Mountain Silt above the shark-tooth and bone bed______________ 31 

8. Gastropods from the upper part of the Olcese Sand and the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt that are restricted 

to the middle Miocene "Temblor Stage"_____________________________________________________________ 34 

9. Miocene gastropods from the Kern River area that occur in the Astoria Formation of Oregon and Washington____ 36 
MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

OF THE KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

By W. 0. ADDICOTT 

ABSTRACT 

Miocene strata were first recognized in California on the basis 

of molluSl\S collected from the Kern River area in the southern 

part of the San .Ton(]uin Valley by William Blake during the 

Pacific Railroad surveys of more than 100 years ago. Description 

of the gastropod-rich Barker's Ranch fauna from exposures 

along Kern River nort.heast of Bakersfield by later workers led 

to the use of this fauna as the standard for middle Miocene 

correlation on the Pacific coast. 

Marine formations of early and middle Miocene age are exposed in the Kern River area. Faunal assemblages from the subsurface Vedder Sand of this area and from exposures of the 

overlying Jewett Sand are referred to the "Vaqueros Stage," the 

early Miocene part of the Pacific coast megainvertebrate chronology of Weaver and others (HJ44). A few long-ranging molluslcs occur in the overlying Freeman Silt. Foraminifera from 

this formation are indicative of an early Miocene age. Mollusks 

from the Olcese Sand and the overlying Round Mountain Silt 

form the faunal l.>asis for recognition of the "Temblor Stage," 

a unit long regarded as the middle Miocene provincial megafaunal standard. i'llolluslcs of late Mio~ene age are not known 

to occur in surface exposures in the Kern River area, although 

several assemblages have l.>een reported from well cores of the 

Santa Margarita Formation in oil-field areas a few miles west 

of the lower and middle Miocene exposures. 

Formational nomenclature for the Miocene sequence was 

originated during early exploratory and development drilling 

for petroleum in the Round Mountain-Mount Poso area, principally from subsurface data. Most of these units, though locally 

applicable in surface mapping, have not been adequately defined. Accordingly, formal description and review of the Miocene 

formations is undertaken to facilitate biostratigraphic characterization of the Miocene sequence. 

The fauna of the lower part of the .Jewett Sand, the lowest 

exposed· marine formation in the Kern River area, includes 46 

gastropod taxa, many of which are newly described herein. 

Almost half of these taxa do not occur higher in the local 

section. In most of the upper part of the formation, mollusks 

are widely scattered, but tl.1ere are a few oyster biostromes near 

the top which contain Ostrea eldridgei yneziana and scattered 

Ohlam118 h01·tleini., a pectinid restricted to the "Vaqueros Stage." 

Important "Vaqueros" index species in the Jewett Sand include 

the gastropods T1tn·itella inezana, Ocenebra milicentana, and 

l1Jpitoni1tm clallamense and the pelecypods Lyropecten magnolia 

and Ostrea vaq1terosensis. Cores of the overlying Freeman Silt 

contain an assemblage characterized by the small pelecypods 

Acila conrad,i, 01}clocard,la 81tbtenta, and Nuculana ochsneri. 

Also occurring with this assemblage is the gastropod Priscotusus 

rnedi.alis, which seems to be restricted to the Jewett Sand and 

Freeman Silt. The small subsurface molluscan assemblages 

from the Freeman Silt are not diagnostic of position in the 

provincial megaitwertebrate sequence, but indirect evidence from 

foraminiferal assemblages is suggestive of an early Miocene age. 

Molluscan assemiJlages from the lower part of the overlying 

Olcese Sand, although relatively small, are similar to those from 

higher in the Olcese Sand and from the overlying Round Mountain Silt. Gastropods restricted to the "Temblor Stage" that 

make their initial appearance in the lower part of the Olcese 

Sand include 0'tC1Jill1tla rost1·a.Zis, Mcuasurcula howei, and Ophiodcnnclla tcmblorcnsis. The gastropod fauna of the Olcese Sand 

and Round Mountain Silt consists of 157 taxa, about one-third 

of which are described herein as new. A significant number of 

the gastropods, about 15 percent, are stratigraphically restricted 

and of sufficiently widespread occurrence in the California Coast 

Ranges to be considered as useful index species. Moreover, there 

are many widespread gastropod taxa with stratigraphic ranges 

that overlap with the limits of the "Temblor Stage." 

Scattered records of megainvertebrates from subsurface cores 

of the Santa Margarita Formation basinward from the lower 

and middle Miocene exposures of the Kern River area are indicative of an assemblage that includes several middle Miocene 

relicts. There is also an element with recorded ranges of Pliocene to Holocene, and this joint occurrence, together with records of the stratigraphically restricted gastropod Nassaritts 

1Jablocns1s and the pelecypod Aeqwi,pecten (liscus, provides evidence for a late Miocene age in the provincial chronology. 

INTRODUCTION 

1VIarine :Miocene strata were first recognized in California on the basis of invertebrate fossils collected by 

Blake from the I Cern R.i ver-Poso Creek area northeast 

of Bakersfield, Calif. (fig. 1) during the Pacific Railroad surveys (Blake, 1855) . These fossils formed the 

nucleus of the so-called Barker's Ranch fauna, a gastropod-rich sublittoral molluscan fauna that has proved to 

be the largest, most diverse pre-Pliocene faunal unit of 

the Pacific Coast States. This fauna serves as the 

standard of reference (Anderson, 1905, p. 190-191) 

for the "Temblor Stagem of the Pacific coast megafossil chronology, a provincial time-stratigraphic unit 

1 Quotation marks are used herein to signify that the stages of the 

Pacific coast megafossil sequence of Weaver and others (1944) have not 

been formally defined and to differentiate them from rock-stratigraphic 

units bearing the same name. 

1 
2 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

119"00' 

35" 15' 

0 10 MILES 

FIGURE 1.-Index map of the Kern River-Poso Creek area, 

Kern County, Calif., showing places referred to in text 

and generalized distribution of marine Miocene exposures. 

regarded as 1niddle l\iiocene by most molluscan paleontologists. The early biostratigraphic-paleontologic studies of the J(ern River l\iiocene (Anderson, 1905, 1911; 

Anderson and l\1artin, 1914) have proved to be inadequate for confident stratigraphic correlation. It is intended herein to provide an improved standard of reference for recognition and correlation of the "Temblor 

Stage" of the Pacific coast through presentation and 

discussion of the paleontologic findings and stratigraphic distribution of gastropods in this classic section and. review of their stratigraphic occurrence in 

other l\1iocene sections along the Pacific coast. 

'V ell-preserved gastropods of both early and middle 

l\1iocene age are abundant in exposed marine forma-

~ions of the J(ern River area. Gastropods were selected 

for inital paleontologic study rather than the pelecy- . 

pods because of their greater abundance and therefore· 

their: seemingly greater .ntility in biostratigraphy. Gen-

·eral aspects of pelecypod biostratigraphy were recently 

. treated in another report (Addicott, 1965a). Fauna assemblages referable to the lower l\iiocene "Vaqueros 

Stage" include 46 gastropod taxa, many of which are 

described herein as new. The much larger middle l\iiocene fauna of the Olcese Sand and Round Mountain 

Silt, including the unusually well preserved Barker's 

Ranch fauna, consists of 157 gastropods. The com-

· bined early and middle l\1iocene faunas of the J(ern 

River area available for this study consisted of 182 

taxa, almost one-third of which are new. 

CHRONOLOGY OF LITERATURE (ANNOTATED) 

DEALING WITH . MIOCENE GASTROPODS OF 

THE KERN RIVER AREA 

The· principal reports that consider the molluscan 

paleontology of the I( ern River area are reviewed in 

this section. (See "Stratigraphy" for reports containing stratigraphic data.) Spec.ific attention is placed on 

gastropods described or identified from this area by 

earlier workers, although the list inclrides most of the 

reports dealing with pelecypods. Other contributions 

to the paleontologic knowledge of the J(ern River area 

dealing with such groups as diatoms, Foraminifera, 

sharks and rays, birds, and marine mammals are summarized by Church ( 1958), Mitchell ( 1965), and 

Howard ( 1966). 

1855. Blake, W. P. Collected first· Miocene fossils from the 

Kern River area from the base of a 160-foot measured 

section [Olcese Sand] on Ocoya [Poso] Creek in 1853. 

Judged fossils to be of Miocene or Pliocene age. Sent 

field drawings and some specimens (poorly preserved 

casts)· to T. A. Conrad for identification. 

1855. Conrad, T. A. Described 12 new species of mollusks from 

field sketches and poorly preserved casts collected by 

,V. P. Blake from rocks that are now mapped as the 

Olcese Sand. Fossils considered to be Miocene because 

of similarity of two large pectinids to species from the 

Miocene of Maryland. 

1857. Conrad, T. A. Reprinted descriptions of mollusks described in 1855 with line drawings of each. Included are 

drawings of eight species of gastropods, most of which 

are unrecognizable because of the poor quality of 

illustrations. 

1869. Gabb, W. H. Listed two gastropods from the vicinity of 

Poso Creek : Agasom.a gravida and N everita 1·ecl1tziana, 

including Conrad's Natica ocoyana as a synonym of the 

latter. Suggested that Conrad's N. genimtlata might 

prove to be identical to A. gravida. 

1894. 'Vatts, W. L. Included a list of 26 mollusks identified by 

J. G. Cooper that were collected from Barker's Ranch 

and Rio Bravo Ranch along Kern River and from 

Pyramid Hill near Poso Creek. Included were nine 

species of gastropods, four of which were regarded as 

undescribed: Agasoma? n. sp., Oerithiu.m n. sp., Cancellaria n. sp., and Myorella [ ?llfyurella} n. sp. 

1894. Cooper, .J. G. Described two new species of gastropods 

from localities on Barker's Ranch : Agasoma barlce?·-

ianu.m and Agasoma? ( Trophosycon) lcernianu.m. 

1905. Anderson, F. M. Included a list of 46 species of Miocene 

mollusks from the Kern River area in a report on 

stratigraphy of the Temblor Range and southern Diablo 

Range on the west side of San Joaquin Valley. Thirteen 

of 23 gastropod taxa collected from strata near Bark-· 

er's Ranch that are now included in the upper part ~f 

the Olcese Sand were descriped as new. 
PRESENT STUDY 3 

1906. Arnold, Ralph. Listed an assemblage of 28 mollusks collected from exposures about a mile west of the mouth 

of Kern River Gorge from strata now mapped as the 

lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Included were 

17 gastropods, six of which were considered to be 

undescribed. 

1911. Anderson, F. M. Recognized and named three faunal 

zones in a 2,000-foot marine section exposed along Kern 

River. The lowest, Zone A, named from exposures at the 

base of the marine section at Pyramid Hill (sec. 14, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E.), included an assemblage of 40 mollusks, 

seven of which were gastropods. The middle unit, Zone 

B, included faunal assemblages from the vicinity of 

Barl,er's Ranch (headquarters formerly in sec. 5, T. 29 

S., R. 29 E.) in the upper part of the marine sequence. 

Half of the 46 mollusks recorded from this zone were 

gastropods. The gastropod names were the same as in 

his 1905 report except that Cmna biplicata Gabb [? = 

1l!olop01Jhonts anglonamts Anderson] was added and 

.Agasoma s'inuatum Gabb 'vas deleted. The highest 

faunal unit, Zone C, contained only eight mollusks 

including three gastropods. It occurs near the top of 

the Round Mountain Silt and includes the shark-tooth 

and marine-mammal-bone bed that occurs stratigraphically below the mollusk-bearing stratum. 

1914. Anderson, F. 1\:£., and Martin, Bruce. Described addi· 

tional Miocene mollusl's from the Kern River area, 

increasing lmown fauna to 90 species. Twenty-five of 

the 33 newly described middle Miocene mollusks were 

gastropods. 

1914. English, ,V. A. Figured and redescribed Cooper's Trophosycon kcrnianmn and "Agasoma" barkerianurn from 

the Kern River area. 

1918. Clark, B. L. Described Natica recl1tziana andersoni from 

the Kern River area. 

1928. Wiedey, I.J. "'· Jj'igured two specimens of Turritella 

boso·i Hertlein and .Jordan from a locality near Barker's 

Ranch. 

1929. Clarl,, B. L. Refigured several of Anderson and Martin's 

middle Miocene gastropods (1914) from the Kern River 

area. 

1931 Grant, U. S., and Gale, H. R. Included synonymies, descriptions, and taxonomic notes on several middle Miocene gastropods from the Kern River area. [Their 

report (p. 746) that Anderson believed "Blake's collecting locality was almost surely on Pyramid Hill" (Anderson's Zone A, early Miocene) seems doubtful because 

some of Blake's specimens represent species that have 

never been reported from lower Miocene strata ; moreover, Blake's measured section near Depot Camp (1855), 

which includes the fossil locality, is clearly from the 

Olcese Sand.] 

1932. I.;oel, Wayne, and Corey, W. H. First recognized strata 

of the lower Miocene "Vaqueros Stage" in the Kern 

River area. They listed a fauna of 27 mollusks from 

five localities. Eleven of these taxa were gastropods. 

, Presented a generalized list of the "Fauna of the Temblor horizon" from the Kern River area. The list included 127 molluscan taxa, of which 75 were gastropods. 

1037. Clark, Alex. Rediscovered Blake's (1855) original Miocene locality on Poso Creek, the type locality of Turritella ocoyana Conrad. Concluded that "Natica" uezticuZata Com·ad is n prior name for Bruclark·ia barkcriana 

(Cooper). 

1937. Durham, J. ,V. Included four species from the Kern 

River area in a review of the Epitoniid::e of the Pacific 

coast. A new early Miocene species from near Pyramid 

Hill, E1Jitoni1tm ( Cirsotrema) n. sp. A, 'vas recognized. 

1938. Hanna, G. D., and Hertlein, L. G. Described 111 egas1trcula howei and N Mica posuncula from the Olcese Sand. 

1939. Keen, A. l\I. A new species of Typhis (Talityphis) from 

the Round Mountain Silt was compared with a Miocene 

species from the Gatun Formation of Panama. 

1941. l\Ierriam, C. ,V. Figured and described three Turritellas 

from the Kern River Miocene : T'ltrritella ocoyana 

Conrad, T. moo!lyi n. sp., and T. n. sp. ( aff. T. j1·eya 

or vanvlecki). 

1941. Hanna, G. D., and Hertlein, L. G. Figured middle Miocene mollusl's from F. M. Anderson's Zone B (1911). 

Included six characteristic gastropods. 

1942. 'Veaver, C. E. Refigured types of five Miocene gastropods 

described from the Kern River area by Anderson ( 1905) 

and Anderson and Martin (1914) . 

1943. Keen, A. l\1. Identified an assemblage of 75 species of 

middle Miocene mollusks from the lower part of the 

Round Mountain Silt near the mouth of Kern River 

Gorge. Included were 53 species of gastropods, of which 

17 small or minute species were described as new. 

1963. Moore, E. J. Figured some middle Miocene gastropods 

from the Kern River area in a report on the Astoria 

Formation of Oregon. 

1965a. Addicott, W. 0. Reviewed Miocene molluscan biostratigraphy of the Kern River area. Noted that Kern River 

sequence is the type section of the middle Miocene 

"Temblor Stage" of the Pacific coast megainvertebrate 

sequence. Figured and depicted local stratigraphic 

ranges of several characteristic early and middle Miocene mollusks. 

1965b. Addicott, ,V. 0. Described and figured two species of 

Nassarius from middle Miocene formations in the Kern 

River: N. arnolcli (Anderson) and N. srnooti n. sp. 

PRESENT STUDY 

The writer's interest in ~1iocene 1nollusks of the 

!Cern River area began in the summer of 1953 while 

curating the California, Tertiary larger invertebrate 

collections of the Standard Oil Co. of California. These 

collections included excellent molluscan fossils from 

localities along 1\:ern River. Several trips to localities 

across the !Cern River from the old headquarters of 

Barker's Ranch produced collections of well-preserved 

· mollusks and ultimately led to a research program on 

the stratigraphy of ~1iocene formations in this area 

at the ·university of California, Berkeley. Although 

that study (Addicott, 1956) was primarily concerned 

with the subsurface and surface stratigraphy of the 

Round ~1ountain- ~1ount Poso oil-field area northeast 

of Bakersfield, numerous stratigraphic collections of 

~1iocene mollusks were made, and the general aspects 

of molluscan biostratigraphy were described. Because 

of the emphasis on physical stratigraphy, no systematic 

paleontologic work was included in the paper. Collections made during 1953 and 1954 are deposited in the 
4 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

lVIuseum of Paleontology, University of California, 

Berkeley. 

Work on the present report was undertaken in 1962, 

when the writer becan1e associated with the U.S. Geological Survey. University of California collections 

were supplemented with additional material collected 

during 1962 and 1964. ~1aterial from older University 

of California collections (UC~1P 2713, 2714, and 

others) could not be incorporated into the stratigraphic 

tabulations because of inadequate locality descriptions. 

Extensive collections made by U.S. Geological Survey 

personnel during reconnaissance of the Tertiary rocks 

of the Sierra Nevada in 1911 were borrowed from the 

U.S. National ~1useum for study and incorporation 

into the biostratigraphy of this report. Collections at 

the University of California, Los Angeles and Riverside, California Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, and Los Angeles County ~1useum of Nat ural 

History have been searched for undescribed species 

and stratigraphic. records. A few taxa included in the 

lists of earlier investigators were not recognized during 

this study (table 2). Identifications by Anderson ( 1905, 

1911) and Loel and Corey (1932) could not be checked 

because specific reference was not made to the collections from which the determinations were made. Identifications of some species, such as Agasoma sinuaturn, 

Turritella temblm·ensis, and 11/elongena spp., are regarded as doubtful. 

PURPOSE AND SCOPE 

Systematic treatment of early and middle ~1iocene 

gastropods, including description of new taxa and 

taxonomic review, is the principal objective of this 

report. Particular attention is focused on the middle 

Miocene gastropods, the so-called Barker's Ranch fauna 

or Temblor B zone of Anderson ( 1911), the standard 

of reference for the "Temblor Stage" of the Pacific 

coast chronology C'V ea ver and others, 1944). This report is a part of long-range paleontologic and biostratigraphic studies of Pacific coast ~1iocene mollusc.an 

faunas undertaken in order to formalize and refine this 

p~Jrt of the provincial megafauna! sequence. 

Middle J\1iocene mollusks of California have been 

described in many different reports over a period of 

115 years. Although there is a monographic treatment 

of the 1nolluscan fauna of the lower ~1iocene "Vaqueros 

Stage" (Loel and Corey,, 1932), the middle J\1iocene 

"Temblor" fauna has not been brought together in a 

single report. This repo~t tends to fulfill this need insofar as the gastropods are concerned, because practically all of the middle 1\'liocene gastropods described 

from California are represented in the 1{ern River 

area. ~1any new species of gastropods and stratigraphic 

records are added to the literature in addition to those 

in Loel and Corey's lower ~1iocene report ( 1932). 

The 1\:ern River. early and 1niddle ~1iocene molluscan fauna is the largest yet known frmn the Pacific 

Coast States. The previously known gastropod fauna 

of this area (Loel and Corey, 1932; 1\:een, 1943) has 

been nearly doubled; that is, increased fron1 98 to 182 

taxa. Several of the previously listed taxa from the 

1\:ern River area are synony1nized herein. 

The biostratigraphy of the 1\:ern River n1olluscan 

fauna is of considerable importance in Pacific coast 

regional correlation. Part of the J\1iocene sequence of 

this area is the standard (Addicott, 1965a, p. C102) 

for the "Temblor Stage" of the megafauna! chronology. 

At such time as this stage is formally defined, the 1\:ern 

River area, or possibly the Caliente Range of eastern 

San Luis Obispo County, Calif., should be selected as 

the type section. Although historical precedent favors 

selection of the 1\:ern River sequence, the intertonguing 

n1arine-nonmarine sequence of the eastern Caliente 

R.a.nge contains largely undescribed early and middle 

J\1iocene molluscan faunas of comparable size that can 

be directly correlated with continental vertebrates representing three provincial mammalian ages ( Repenning and Vedder, 1961). Although the contact with 

the underlying "Vaqueros Stage" is well defined in 

both areas, in neither are fossiliferous upper ~1iocene 

marine strata in· depositional contact with fossilferous 

"Temblor" strata. Rather, fossiliferous upper J\1iocene 

rocks must be projected into the "Vaqueros" and 

"Temblor" sections. In the 1\:ern River area this can 

be achieved by projecting downdip 1nolluscan assemblages from well cores of the Santa ~1argarita Formation into the outcrop section. Fossiliferous upper J\1iocene strata occur only in a fault block along the southwest edge of the Caliente Range, 'vhere they overlie 

shales carrying middle J\1iocene Foraminifera. 

In addition to local biostratigraphic data, stratigraphic records for lower and middle J\1iocene occurrences of the gastropods throughout the Pacific Coast 

States have been compiled from published reports. The 

stratigraphic ranges of gastropods in the 1\:ern River 

section indicated herein should facilitate recognition 

of middle J\1iocene faunas and permit a greater degree 

of precision in correlation. Clearly, the "Temblor 

Stage" cannot be for1nalize~ and renamed until such 

time as the middle 1\fiocene pelecypods of this section 

and elsewhere on the Pacific coast are studied in comparable detail. 

Informal formational units introduced during petroleum exploration and oil-field development drilling on 
STRATIGRAPHY 5 

the east side of the San Joaquin Valley during the 

1920's and 1930's are reviewed herein in order to permit description of the stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene species in the l(ern River section. Stratigraphic 

descriptions are also intended to satisfy the requirements for formal adoption of formation names used. 

Accordingly, subsurface type sections and supplementary subsurface and surface sections are designated. 

Finally, many new early and middle Miocene gastropod taxa are described. About one-third of the gastropods treated herein are recognized as new. Many of 

the new species are of genera that have not previously 

been reported from ~1iocene rocks of the Pacific Coast 

States. 

In the systematic descriptions, emphasis is placed 

on species, because it is at this level that mollusks are 

most useful in stratigraphic correlation. Where possible, each species is figured with previously unillustrated material from the !(ern River area that has 

been compared with type specimens. Synonymies have 

been prepared for all species. They include those literature references documented by figured material and 

occurrences listed in reports specifically dealing with 

the I( ern River area. To this extent the synonymies are 

intended to be inclusive. They are arranged so as to 

group, chronologically, all references to a particular 

generic-specific combination. 

Most of the specimens figured herein were collected 

during the present study; others were borrowed from 

west coast museum or university collections or are from 

collections made by U.S. Geological Survey reconnaissance parties more than 50 years ago. Some taxa, 

mostly doubtfully identified, are represented by material unsuitable for illustration. Descriptions of species 

named by Anderson ( 1905) are reprinted herein because of the limited availability of his publication, 

many copies of which were destroyed during the 1906 

San Francisco fire prior to distribution. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

It is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance of 

numerous individuals who contributed· in one way or 

another to the completion of this report. Norman F. 

Sohl, Druid Wilson, Ellen J. Moore, and John G. 

Vedder kindly took time from important work to review and criticize the manuscript. 

The following individuals granted access to museum 

collections and some loaned specimens for figuring in 

this report : Takeo Susuki and Mrs. Louella R. Saul, 

University of California, Los Angeles; M. A. Murphy, 

University of California, Riverside; G. P. l(anakoff 

and J. A. Sutherland, Los Angeles County Museum; 

A. ~1yra l(een, Stanford Univers.ity; L. G. Hertlein, 

California Academy of Sciences; J. H. Peck, Jr., University of California, Berkeley; V. S. ~1allory, University of 'Vashington, Seattle; and E. ~1. Baldwin, 

University of Oregon, Eugene. T. ,V. Dibblee, Jr., 

furnished stratigraphic information and made available his unpublished geologic mapping of the Kern 

River area. 

Fruitful discussions of gastropod taxonomy were 

held with F. S. ~1acNeil, Ellen J. Moore, J. G. Vedder, 

Saburo l(anno, S. S. Berry, R. E. Petit, A. Myra Keen, 

,V. I(. Emerson, L. G. Hertlein, Eugene Coan, and 

Judith Terry. Patsy B. Smith and R. L. Pierce provided data on Foraminifera. J. G. Vedder furnished 

unpublished faunal lists of early and middle Miocene 

mollusks from the Santa Ana ~fountains and the San 

Joaquin Hills, Calif., in addition to many unpublished 

records from the Caliente Range. J. ,V. Miller and 

Ann Bartlett assisted in the preparation and illustration of fossil 1naterial and in preparing some of the 

tabular data. Photographs used were taken by l(enji 

Sakamoto, of the U.S. Geological Survey. 

The early stages of this study ( 1953-55) were supervised by a research committee composed of J. W. Durham, R. ~1. IGeinpell, and R. L. Langenheim, of the 

University of California, Berkeley. 

STRATIGRAPHY 

Review of the stratigraphy of ~1iocene formations 

of the l(ern River area and the designation of type 

sections for the many informal units are necessary to 

permit biostratigraphic description of the lower and 

middle ~1iocene section. Accordingly, the nomenclatorial history of each formation is reviewed, characteristic or typical subsurface sections designated, and 

surface sections briefly described. 

~1iocene formations of the l(ern River area dip 

southwestward toward the center of the San Joaquin 

depositional basin and form a gentle homoclinal structural feature which is slightly bowed along a line 

roughly paralleling the course of !(ern River from the 

l(ern River Gorge to Elk Hills, about 30 miles to the 

southwest. This structural feature, known as the l(ern 

River arch (Hoots and others, 1954), is discernible in 

the belt of ~1iocene exposures northeast of Bakersfield. 

In the northern part of the area, the beds strike slightly 

west of north, near l(ern River, nearly northwest. 

'Vithin the ~1iocene outcrop, local flattening, or slight 

reversals of the prevailing west to southwest dip occur 

in surface exposures (Hoots and others, 1954; Dibblee 

and others, 1965) and are shown on subsurface structural contour rna ps (Park and others, 1963). 
6 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Normal faulting is an important structural feature 

of this area. ~1ost of the faults are alined nearly parallel to .. the strike. The a.n1ount of throw along these 

faults is greatest along the eastern margin of the outcrop. From south of I\:ern River northwestward to 

Poso Creek, the Neogene section is almost continuously 

in fault contact with basmnent rock. Along the ICern 

Gorge fault, a vertical displacement of more than 

2,000 feet is iilClicated by an enormous west-eli pping 

scarp in the vicinity of ICern River. The displacement 

decreases to the northwest, where the fault passes into 

the ~1iocene section. Thrmv on faults within the marine 

section southwest of the ICern Gorge fault is as much 

as 300 to 400 feet. In general, the amount of throw 

Smith Anderson Wilhelm and God de 

Age (1910) (1911) Saunders (1928) (1927) 

Pliocene Kern 

River Kern River Kern River 

Group Etchegoin Series Etchegoin Series 

-,--

Upper 

1-1--- ~0~ 

decreases basinward. Strike faults are generally downthrown to the west, although n1ost of the oil produced 

from this area is trapped by east-clipping normal faults. 

ll1ost of the :Miocene formations recognized in outcrop and in the subsurface in the southeastern part of 

the San ,J oaqni1~ Valley were originally described ft~om 

wells in the I\:ern River area. ~Iany of the formation 

names were introduced in publications of the California 

Division of Oil and Gas following, by smne years, their 

informal use in petrolemn exploration and oil-field development drilling northeast of Bakersfield. Some of 

t.he named formations, although long since firmly entrenched as useful units in subsurface mapping (fig. 

2), have never been adequately defined. For example. 

Hanna Reed Diepenbrock Diepenbrock 

(1930) (1933) (1933) (1934) 

Kern River 

Formation Kern River Series 

Kern River "' f------

Series (/) 

~ a 

n 

on 

~ ' 

"1870' Hill Shale" 

~ Valvulineria Zone.:::: ---- 1------ "Diatomite" "Upper" Temblor Upper Temblor Diatom Zone ---- (Round Mountain Silt) 

i_u11minella, Bolivina Z~ "Valvulineria Silt 

and Shale" 

B Zone 

Middle "Middle" Temblor 

"Barker's Ranch (Dicese Sand of Round Middle Temblor 

Sands and Silts" Mountain) 

----

I Ashy silt 

I member Ashy silt 

I c member .g 

I 0. 0. 

" ------ -~ ---- E 

., I Ocoya ~ ~ .£ .£ ~ Creek e e Hair Shale 

~ !; Beds 0 0 r .S2 

~ ] -~ 

~ Hair Shale Zone "Siphogenerina e 1- Silt and Shale" ~ 

~ 0 

r------ 1- Jewett l Jewett Micaceous 

"' Silt Member Silt Member 

3: ~ 

~ ~ _g 

Siphogenerina Zone -4 

-- ------ A Zone Jewett Zone --Rench Sand Elbe Zone 

---- 1--- Lower Vedder Zone Vedd_er Zone 

Vedder Sand 

"Vedder Vedder Sand Vedder Sand Sandstone" Member ~~-- ""'-. _;,. 

- ------ ~ 

Walker Formation Walker Formation c Walker Walker Walker Formation Walker Formation 

/~ 0 

I 

. .,. 

1-

I / 

~- --- -'-- ---------

Pre-Tertiary Granite basement Granite basement Granite basement Granite 

FIGURE 2.-Development of stratigraphic 
STRATIGRAPHY 7 

a. sur:l:ace type section has been designated :for only 

one 1\fiocene 11n:it, the "Talker Formation (Dibblee and 

Chesterman, lD:>H). Nevertheless, lithologic and electric 

log character.istics, depositional relationships, and age 

o:t: these formations are now well la1own :from n1odern 

oil-field reports such as those o:l: Albright (1956), Albright and others ( 1057), nnd P::trk ::tnd others ( 1963), 

in addition to eorrelntion studies such as those of 

Church nnd 1\:rammes (1957) and Park ::tnd ''Teddle 

(195!)). Very little has been published on the surface 

geology and stratigraphy of this area, perh::tps because 

o:t the extensive geological review. of the area c::trried 

out in connection with petroleum exploration. Although 

there are no detailed published geologic maps of this 

area, there are several published generalized 1naps that 

include parts of it: Birch (in 1\:een, 1.943), I-Ioots and 

others ( 19:)4), I-:Iackel and I\:l'ammes ( 1958), and Dibblee and others (1965). The last two have been 11sed in 

prepar.ing a geologic index map of the ](ern HiverPoso Creek area (f-ig. 3). 

Reports containing pertinent stratigr::tphic information include: Blake ( 1855) ,.,,Thitney ( 18(;i)), Goodyear 

(1888), Smith (1910), Anderson (1911), Stevens 

(1924), "Ti]helm and Saunders (1927), Godde (1D28), 

Fox (1929),1-{anna (1930), Diepenbrock (193i~, 1934), 

Kleinpell ( 1938), Ferguson ( 1941; in "r e~tver and 

others, 1944), Hogers ( 1943), Birch (in JCeen, 1943), 

Bailey (1947), Bi·ooks (1952), Beck (1952, 1958), 

~------------.-------------.----------------.--------------.------------.-------------.-------------.-----------~ 

Ferguson 

(1941) 

Rogers 

(1943) 

Ferguson (in Weaver 

and others, 1944) 

American Association of Pet- Albright, Hluza, and Church and Krammes 

(1957) 

Park, Weddle, and 

Barnes (1963) This report 

Kern River 

Chnnac 

- -:-osiiiitb ::-:_ ~gnrltn SnnCJ"" 

Lower Frultvnlo Shnio 

Round Mountain 

Silt Round Mountain Sill 

Kern River 

~.~ Kern 

River 

Series 

"Santa Margarita Sand" 

Round Mountain Slit 

roleum Geologist Cenozoic Sullivan (1957) 

Correlation Committee 

(1952) 

Kern River 

Santa Margarita 

Round Mountain Silt 

Kern River 

Kern River Series 

Chanac 

- t------------1 

Santa Margarita Sand Santa Margarita Sand 

Kern River Formation 

of Anderson (1911) 

~-_1------1--------

Round Mountain Silt Round Mountain Silt Round Mountain Silt Round Mountain Silt 

~r-----~r-------L--~~ 1--------ll-----=S" 

Olcese Snnd 

Freeman-Jewell 

undlff. 

Vedder Sand 

Upper Olcese Sand 

Olcese Sand Middle Olcese Sand 

Lower Olcese Sand 

Freemon Sill Freeman Sill 

Jewett Slit Jewett Silt 

--------1-----------J...--"' 

Elbe Zone Pyramid Hill Sand 

Vedder Sand 

Walker Formation 

Walker Formation 

Olcese Sand 

Freeman-Jewett 

Silt 

P.H. Sd. 

(Pyramid 

Hill Sand) 

Walker 

Olcese Sand 

FreemanJewett 

Silt 

Walker Formation 

Oicese Sand 

FreemanJewett 

Silts 

Walker Formation 

Olcese Sand Olcese Sand 

v; 

:::: 

Freeman 

Silt 

! -----

~ 

~ · Jewett Sand 

Pyramid Hill Sand 

Vedder Sands 

Walker Formation 

Freeman Silt 

---~ ~ > 

<.. -......... -

,....-> 

. < _........ Jewell Sand 

......... 

.__....,> -~ 

<>-- '>-- -Pyramid ---Hill 

<:, .> Sand Member 

Vedder Sand 

Walker Formation 

1--------1-----------l--------+-------1-------+--------l---------1 

Granite or basement Granodiorite Basement complex Basement complex Basement complex Basement complex 

·nomenclature in the Kern River nrea. 
8 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

R. 28 E. 

10 

-1' .. , 

I ...................... _L R. 28 E. 

EXPLANATION 

Alluvial and 

~ terrace deposits 

Kern River Formation 

~ of Anderson 

(1911) 

Santa Ma!g:r:: ;ormation } ~ ~ Bena Gravels of 

Round Mountain Silt D i b b 1 e e a n d 

~ Chesterman (1953) 

Olcese Sand 

0!0 

Freeman Silt and Jewett Sand, 

undivided 

Walker ~ Formation 

Basement ~ complex 

>-

0:: 

<( 

1-

0:: 

w 

1-

R. 29 E. 

34 

R. 29 E. 

0 

35 T. 27 S. 

2 

12 

T. 28 S. 

Approximate contact 

Fault 

Dashed where approximately located, U, 

upthrown side; D, downthrown side 

~ . Wells referred to in text· 

Oil-field areas of Round Mountain 

field 

x 81587, Ml603 

Megafossil localities 

5000 10,000 15,000 FEET 

N 

:F'IGUHE 3.-Geologic index map of the Kern River-Poso Creek area, Kern County, Calif., showing generalized distribution of Tertiary formations, fossil localities, and places referred to in text [modified from Hackel and Krammes 

(1958) and Dibblee and others (1965) ]. 
STRATIGRAPHY 9 

Pease ( 1952a, 19:'52b), Sperber ( 1952), Dibblee and 

Chesterman ( 19:33), 1Hatthews ( 1955, 1956, 1957), 

'\'hite (1955), Sullivan (1955), Addicott (1956), Albright ( 1956), Albright and others ( 1957), Church 

and ICrammes ( 1957), I-Iackel and ICrammes ( 1958), 

Church (1958), Beck (1958), I-Iluza (1958), '¥eddie 

( 1959) , Hndel ( H)()5), AAPG Guidebook ( 1965), and 

Richardson (1966). The principal contributions of 

these workers are indicated in the ensuing stratigraphic 

discussion. 

WALKER FORMATION 

The lowest exposed Tertiary formation in the !Cern 

Hiver area is the "'nJker Formation, a nonmarine unit 

composed of green claystone, siltstone, and sandstone. 

It was named by "'ilhelm and Saunders ( 1927, p. 9) 

for a "series of 1andlaid beds consisting of sands and 

shales of a characteristic greenish color" lying unconformably below their Temblor Formation and fully 

penetrated by three wens in the :Mount Poso area. In 

these wells, the 'Valker varies frmn 370 to 594 feet in 

thickness. 

Exposures nJong "' alker Basin Creek (fig. 1), 1-2 

miles northeast of Bena were designated as the type 

section of the "'alker Formation by Dibblee and Chesterman ( 1953). The 2,000-feet unit of arkosic sandstone, conglomerate, and minor gritty clay that constitutes their type "'alker differs considerably frmn 

the predominantly finer. grained clastics of the !Cern 

River area about 10 miles to the northwest. 

The "'n,lker Formation lies unconformably upon 

granitic basement rock in the !Cern River area. It intertongues bnsinw:ud with marine Eocene sandstone and 

siltstone (Addicott, 1956; Church and ICrammes, 1957) 

and with sandstone and siltstone of early l\fiocene 

(Zemorrian) nge toward the top of the formation. The 

continuously cored 414-foot interval frmn 2,653 feet to 

3,067 feet in the Shell Oil "Vedder" 1 (sec. 9, T. 27 S., 

R. 28 E.), one of the wells from which the "' alker 

Formation was originally defined by "'ilhelm and 

Sannders (1.927), is here designated the subsurface 

reference section of the 'Valker Formation. Included 

is a 20-foot mn,rine tongue of "sand, shale, and sea 

shells" from 2,718 feet to 2,738 feet according to original core descriptions (Addicott, 1956, p. 107). This intertongning relationship is shown by Church and 

ICrammes (1957) and Albright and others (1957). Near 

the margin of the basin, the 'Valker Formation is overlain unconformably by marine Jewett Sand, a transgressive sandstone that locally overlaps the Vedder 

Formation and "'alker Formation to rest directly on 

basement rock along "' oody Road in sec. 13, T. 26 S., 

H. 28 E. (fig. 1). 

Exposures of the "' alker Formation are 1nostly of 

massive weathered .claystone and siltstone with clayey 

sandstone interbeds. Claystone strata weather to green 

to white and are usually studded with scattered sand 

grains. They form prominent ledges in exposures north 

of Poso Creek. Sandstones weather to greenish white 

and are coarse grained, poorly sorted, and generally 

less than 20 feet thick. 

Fossils seldom have been found in the vValker Formation. Dibblee and Chesterman ( 1953) found a few 

nonmarine mollusks and plant fossils in strata near 

the type section of the formation along "' alker Basin 

Creek. I-Iowever, intertonguing relationships with 

middle Eocene to lower l\iiocene marine rocks in the 

subsurfn,ce indicate an age equivalent to these rocks. 

VEDDER SAND 

"'ilhelm and Saunders ( 1927, p. 9) introduced the 

name "Vedder zone" to designate 85 feet of nlediumto coarse-grained oil-bearing sandstone within what 

was then called the Temblor Formation at l\1ount Poso 

oil field. Hanna ( 1930) first used the name Vedder 

sand and in a columnar section frmn the Richfield Oil 

"Boston" 1 (sec. 20, T. 28 S., H. 28 E.) extended the 

lower boundary to the top of the 'Valker Formation. 

Subsequently, Diepenbrock (1933, p. 18) redefined the 

Vedder Sand as a 250- to 750-foot 1nember of the 

Temblor Formation overlying the "' alker Formation 

and underlying the ",Jewett Silt" at l\1ount Poso field. 

Although a type subsurface interval was not designated, it is believed that the name originated frmn the 

Shell Oil "Vedder" 1 (sec. 9, T. 27 S., R. 28 E.), the·discovery well at l\iount Poso field. The almost continuously cored 751-foot interval fron1 1,902 to 2,653 feet 

in this well is here designated as the type section of 

the Vedder Sand. Sand is the predominant material 

(Addicott, 1956, p. 104-107). Unfortunately, this well 

was drilled before the perfection and general use of 

electric logging technique, the principal means by 

which lithology can be deduced in modern wells, so 

that electric characteristics of the fol'lnation at the 

type well are unknown. Although n1ost subsequent wells 

in this part of l\Ionnt Poso field have not fully penetrated the Vedder Sand, it was penetrated and logged 

in the Shell Oil "Vedder" 55 (SE14 sec. 9, T. 27 S., 

R. 28 E.) about three-fourths of a mile southeast of 

the type well (Richardson, 1966). A copy of the electric 

log showing relationships to the "'alker For1nation 

and the .T e\vett Sand is shown in figure 4. 

The Vedder Sand is a widespread subsurface unit 

in the southeast~rn part of the San Joaquin Valley 

where it extends frmn the vicinity of Pixley (T. 22 

S., R. 25 E.) southward to "'heeler Ridge and North 
10 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

SHELL OIL CO. 

Vedder 55 

Sec. 9, T. 27 S., R. 28 E. 

Self-potential Resistivity 

Vedder 

Sand 

Walker 

Formation 

TD 3028 

VERTICAL SCALE, 

IN FEET 

100 

200 

300 

400 

500 

FIGURE 4.-Part of the electric log from Shell Oil 

"Vedder" 55 showing characteristics of lower 

Miocene formations (from Richardson, 1966). 

Tejon fields in the San Emigdio l\iountains (Richardson, 1966). It is the principal producing reservoir in 

the ~1ount Poso and Round Mountain fields and in 

1nany other fields :from Jas1nin field (T. 25 S., R. 27 

E.) southward to North Tejon field (T. 10 N., R. 20 

vV.). At Pyramid flill the Jewett Sand, rests unconformably on nonmarine beds o:f the vValker Formation. 

~1assive white- to greenish-white-weathering fine to 

coarse biotitic sand with interbedded green sandy claystone and siltstone that crops out north o:f Poso Creek 

is doubtfully referred to the Vedder Sand. This un-

:fossili:ferous unit is limited to a narrow belt immediately 

west o:f the basement outcrop. It is overlain by the 

basal conglomeratic sandstone o:f the Jewett Sand, 

which· contains, locally, abundant large oysters ( Ostrea 

vaquerosensis Loel and Corey) and barnacles. A 175-

:foot section o:f crossbedded sand with scattered calcareous concretions that may be referable to the Vedder Sand was measured by the writer in ~1oore Canyon 

(sec. 32, T. 27 S., R. 29 E.) in 1954. 

Section of the Vedder(?) Sand and Jewett Sand up north-northwesttrending gully tributary to J.11 oore Canyon near center NH sec. 

32, T. 27 S., R. 29 E., Woody 15-minute quadrangle. 

Thickness 

Jewett Sand: (feet) 

10. Sand, concretionary, weathers to light-gray, with 

abundant limonitic staining; very fine, well 

sorted; massive; abundant bedded spherical 

sandstone concretions with mollusk, vertebrate, 

or wood nuclei. Exposures poor ___________ ~___ 20+ 

9. Sandstone, conglomeratic, weathers to light-tan to 

gray; composed of pebbles and very coarse 

quartz and chert grains in a silt and clay matrix; 

poorly sorted; composed of about 65 percent 

quartz grains, 20 percent black chert grains, 

and 15 percent granules and pebbles to a maximum diameter of about one-fourth of an inch; 

contains abundant Ostrea, Dosinia mold, indeterminate gastropod, mollusk fragments, and 

shark tooth (UCMP loc. B1652)--------~----- 2 

Unconformity. 

Vedder(?) Sand: 

8. Sand, very poorly exposed, weathers ·to white; 

medium to coarse with scattered black pebbles, 

poorly sorted; locally crossbedded; massive; 

poorly consolidated; scattered sandstone concre- tions_______________________________________ 77 

7. Sandy clay, poorly exposed; weathers to faded-green 

color; silty, micaceous; considerably weathered__ 14 

6. Sand, silty, concretionary, weathers to white; fine 

to very fine; 10 percent dark-greenish-black 

grains; poorly consolidated; scattered limonitic 

streaks; scattered 6- to 12-in. calcareous sandstone concretions, abundant in uppermost 2 ft_ _ _ 15 

5. Sandy clay and clayey sand, poorly exposed; 

weathers to dark to faded-green; very poorly 

sorted to unsorted; micaceous; poorly consolidated; con'siderably weathered; scattered iron 

oxide staining____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3 7 

4. Sandstone, calcareous, white, weathered surfaces 

limonitic stained; fine-grained, poorly sorted; 

very well in dura ted_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 

3. Sand, white to grayish-white, weathers to buff; 

medium- to coarse-grained, very poorly sorted, 

unconsolidated______________________________ 5 

2. Sand, fine to very fine, well-sorted, clean, unconsolidated; weathers to white__________________ 10 

1. Sand, concretionary, weathers to white to buff; 

very slight green tinge; fine to very fine, fairly 

well sorted, massive; usually silty; 5-10 percent 

weathered biotite; angular to subangular grains; 

abundant lenticular calcareous cemented sandstone concretions, very well indurated, as· much as 

2 ft thick and from 12 to 25 ft long; scattered 

limonitic pods ~'s-~~ in. in diameter __ ..:_________ 16 

Shallow.:.water marine :fossils are commonly found 

in cores of the upper part of the Vedder Sand :from 

wells drilled along the eastern margin of the southeastern part of the San Joaquin Valley. A commonly 

occurring gastropod is the "Vaqueros" index T~trri-

. tella inezana Conrad (Corey in Cushman and Laiming, 1931 ; Loel and Corey, 1932; Addicott, 1967 a). 
STRATIGRAPHY 11 

JEWETT SAND 

Goclcle (1928, p. 6) proposed the name "Jewett zone" 

Jor a :10- to !);)0-:l:oot "shaly sand zone" immediately 

overly.ing the Vedder Sand at Round :Mountain and 

J\[ount Poso oil fields. This unit :is equivalent to the 

.Jewett Sand of the present report. The Shell Oil 

".Jewett" l .in Hound ~.fountain field (sec. 29, T. 28 S., 

H. 2!) E.) wns designated as the type well. The ".Jewett 

zo.11e" wns proposed as a lithologic unit. Its base was 

dr..lined by :-~-1:) :feet of bhrish-gray pebbly sand; its 

j·op appare.ntly was defined by oil shows at Round 

1\fountn in Held bnt by lithologic characteristics at 

~Iount Poso field. 

Subsecp•ently, Diepenbrock (19:33) used the term 

.Tewett Silt 1\Iernber :for a 220-:foot-thick "middle micat·eous si ltsto11e nnd ,·ery fine chtyey sand member" of 

his lower 'J'emblor Formation nt ~fount Poso field. lie 

indicated thnt this unit was the lateral equivalent of 

Godde's .Tewett zone (1928) o:f the Hound ~fountain 

Held. :Lnfer, ]Jiepenbrock (1934) recognized the ,Jewett 

l\ricneeous Silt :i\Jernbet: at Hound ~Iountain .field as 

a Gf50-Joot .micaceous siltstone containing lenses of 

sand, a. silty, very fine grained sand, and a basal pebbly 

"grit" bed. The upper 450 feet were included in the 

.Jewett oil zone, and the ]ower 1:)0 feet, in the Elbe 

oil zone. A :30-Joot-th ick siltstone separated these zones. 

Subsequent usage has tended to modify and blur the 

original description of the ",Jewett zone." The lower 

part (Diepenbrock's Elbe zone (1934)) was referred 

to as the Pyrnmidliill Sand by 'Vilson (1935, p. 14), 

who inel uded auout lGO feet of "hard, white-to-brown 

snndstone" o,·erlying "mudstone reefs" ('Va.lker Formation) :in sec. 12, T. 2G S., R. 28 E., about 14 miles 

northwest oJ Pyramid li:ill. It :is now widely used for 

snusnr:face correlation. The upper part of the "Jewett 

zone" proved to be of mnch more limited geographic 

distr:i butim:t, ueing restricted, in large part, to the margin oJ the depositional basin in the vicinity of Round 

~[onntai n field. Because of the difilculty of separating 

that part of Diepenln·ock's (1934) Jewett ~1icaceous 

Silt l\Jetnber auove the basal sand (Pyramid IIill Sand) 

Jrmn his overlying ashy silt member, subsequently refetTed to as the ]freeman Silt (1(leinpe11, 1938), the 

units were grouped together as the Freeman-,Jewett 

uy Fergnson ( l!Hl, p. 242). This practice has been 

generally :fo.llowed since that time. Lenses or tongues 

of sa.nd overlying the Pyramid I-Iill Sand of 'Vilson 

(l9H:)) are recognized as the ,Jewett Sand in some oil 

fields along the eastern margin of the San ,Joaquin 

Valley (Ba.:iley, 1947). 

In Uris report, the name ,Jewett Sand is used as 

originally del"incd by Goclde (1928) to include a marginal sand body that unconformably overlies the Vedder Formation or 'Valker Formation. The contact with 

the overlying Freeman Silt is gradational and intertonguing. The Pyramid I-Iill Sand is included as the 

lower member o:f the ,Je,Yett Sand because it is very 

difficnlt, if not impossible, to identify in surface exposures an upper contact that corresponds to the relatively well defined top of the subsurface unit. Accordingly, the Pyramid I-:Iill Sand l\1ember is recognized 

herein only in the subsurface. 

The type section of the ,Jewett Sand is here designated as the G:)i -foot cored interval from 1,218 to 1,-

875 feet in the Shell Oil ",Jewett" 1 (sec. 29, T. 28 S., 

H. 29 E.) in the· southern part of Round l\1ount field 

(.fig. 5). The type section for the lower part, the Pyramid I-:Iill Sand ~1ember, consists of a 185-foot cored 

interval ( 1,690-1,875 ft) of gray to brownish-gray 

\ 

a:: 

0 

..J 

a:l 

~ 

UJ 

t-

\ 

\ 

\ 

\ 

in 

0 

a:: 

w 

:.l 

0 

<( 

?' 

z 

<( 

FORMATION 

"0 

c: 

Cll 

if) 

Olcese 

Sand 

Freeman 

Silt 

Pyramid 

Hill 

Sand 

Member 

.. Grit zone" 

~ Vedder 

~ Sand UJ 

N 

ELECTRIC LOG 

VERTICAL SCALE 

0 100 200 FEET 

SPONTANEOUS 

POTENTIAL - RESISTIVITY 

~-,rouRE 5.-Part of a composite electric log from Round Mountnin Held (from Park and others, 1!)63). 
12 ·MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

fossiliferous silty sand with local bentonitic and thin 

calcareous sandstone beds. On electric logs, spontaneous potential values are much larger in the Pyramid 

Hill Sand J\1ember than in the overlying part of the 

Jewett Sand (Park and others, 1963, pl. 6). J\1oreover, 

this sand has a more massive or blocky appearance on 

electric logs than does the overlying interbedded sand 

and "shale" of the upper part of the Jewett. This 

change, although easy to recognize on electric logs, is 

usually difficult to recognize in cores. A very poorly 

sorted coarse-grained sand consisting of angular quartz 

grains and black pebbles and ranging from about 10 

to 35 feet in thickness occurs at the base. This unit is 

commonly referred to as the "grit zone", and is one 

of the best marker beds for physical correlation and 

structure contouring in this area. It is the unit from 

which the prolific early J\1iocene molluscan assemblage 

at Pyramid Hill has been collected (USGS loc. J\11591). 

It has been recognized along the eastern edge of the 

San Joaquin Valley from Jasmin field (Sperber, 1952) 

south to Race Track Hill field (Phillips, 1952). 

Exposures of the Jewett Sand are typically silty 

concretionary very fine to fine-grained sandstone. The 

unconformable contact with underlying formations is 

well marked by a fossiliferous calcareous pebbly sandstone containing rounded black chert granules and 

angular quartz grains. This widespread unit is the socalled "grit zone" of the subsurface stratigraphic terminology. The contact with the overlying Freeman 

Silt is gradational and often poorly defined. In surface 

mapping, the Jewett Sand is mapped with the Free-

:rnan Silt, although in areas of favorable exposure it is 

possible to recognize the contact between these formations. 

Reddish-brown-weathering "cannonball" concretions 

are characteristic of the poorly exposed massive very 

fine to fine-grained sandstone overlying the basal pebbly 

sandstone. In section, the spherical calcareous concretions show concentric accretion~ often around an organic core such as plant fragments, wood riddled with 

"Te1•edo" borings, bones of marine mammals, or oysters 

and various other pelecypods. The outer lf2-to 2-inchthick shell is usually stained with iron oxide, but the 

inner parts are light gray. The average diameter of 

the concretions is about a foot, but some attain 5 feet. 

Beds of small oysters averaging 1-2 feet in thickness 

occur in association with concretionary strata in the 

upper part of the Jewett Sand .. 

In the type well, the upper part of the Jewett Sand 

consists of a 472-foot interval (1,218-1,690 ft) of alternate gray and brown (oil-stained) fine to very fine silty 

sand and what was described as silty to sandy shale. 

The rocks in this interval consist of thin calcareous 

sandstone beds (the so-called "shells"), scattered megafossils, fish scales, and carbonaceous 1naterial. On electric logs from subsequent wells in the vicinity, such as 

the Shell Oil "Jewett-3" 1 in sec. 19, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

there is a suggestion that the alternate sand and siltstone sequence becomes increasingly sandy toward the 

base. The percentage of sand varies considerably. Near 

the type well it seems to be less than 50 percent (Diepenbrock, 1934, p. 11) ; in other areas, it is much 

greater than 50 percent (Park and others, 1963, pls. 5 

and 6). The upper part of the Jewett Sand decreases 

rapidly in thickness basinward and along the strike 

from its maximun1 thickness in the vicinity of Round 

Mountain field. This change is attributed to gradation 

and intertonguing with the Freeman Silt. The upper 

part of the Jewett Sand is much less widely distributed 

basinward than the lower Pyramid Hill Sand Member. 

The Jewett Sand is exposed in a narrow belt from 

Pyramid Hill northward at least as far as the Woody 

Road (sec. 13, T. 26 S., R. 28 E.). The best exposures 

occur from Borel Canyon to Adobe Canyon, about 7 

miles north of Godde's ( 1928) type well, in parts of 

sec. 7, 8, 17-19, T. 27 S., R. 29 E., and sec. 12 and 13, 

T. 27 S., R. 28 E. In this area the average thickness is 

300-400 feet. 

The Jewett Sand grades laterally into siltstone and 

shale toward the center of the basin. Coarsening 

toward the margin of the basin is suggested south of 

Chalk Cliff (sec. 8, T. 27 S., R. 29 E.), where medium 

to very coarse sand intertongues with typical silty very 

fine to fine sand. 

At Pyramid Hill the contact with the underlying 

Walker Formation is channeled; the basal 5 feet of the 

Jewett Sand is a chaotic mixture of granule conglomerate, arkosic sandstone, slabs and wisps of green claystone, and thinly bedded fine-grained sandstone. For a 

few miles north of Poso Creek, the Jewett lies disconformably on massive sands here referred to the Vedder 

Sand. North of Chalk Cliff (sec. 8, T. 27 S., R. 29 E.), 

the Jewett Sand overlaps the Vedder Sand and rests 

disconformably on the Walker Formation. Farther to 

the north, the contact with the vValker Formation becomes a clearly recognizable angular unconformity and 

is well exposed east of Horshoe Ranch in sees. 18 and 

19, T. 26 S., R. 29 E. Along vVoody Road (fig. 1), the 

fossiliferous Jewett Sand lies unconformably on basement rocks. 

FREEMAN SILT 

The name Freeman Silt has been informally applied 

to Die pen brock's ashy silt member ( 1933, p. 15) of the 

"Lower Temblor" Formation at Mount Poso field. 
STRATIGRAPHY 13 

IGeinpell (1938, fig. 14) first used the name Freeman 

Silt in a biostratigraphic column. The name was apparently taken from wells on the Shell Oil Freeman 

lease at Round ~1ountain field (sec. 20, T. 28 S., R. 29 

E.). Rogers (1943, p. 580) subsequently described the 

Freeman Silt as "650 feet of firm micaceous to microInicaceous gray to blue-gray silt and very fine grained 

sandy siltstone with occasional calcareous streaks" 

overlying the Jewett Sand at Round Mountain field. 

Rogers did not designate a type section but did include 

a composite electric log. 

The ashy silt member was originally defined by Diepenbrock ( 1933, p. 15) as approximately 850 feet of 

siltstone and claystone overlying his Jewett Micaceous 

Silt ~1ember and underlying his "Middle Temblor," 

the Olcese Sand, described as follows : 

The top 230 feet of tlie beds are massive, light gray, ashy, 

very fine sand to silt; the next 350 feet are predominantly hard 

brownish dark gray, sandy siltstone with some light gray claystone ueds ; ancl the bottom 270 feet are the ash brittle fine 

sandy claystones and clayey siltstones referred to as 'hair 

shale' by Hanna [1930] • • •. 

The Freeman Silt of this report is probably equivalent to the lower 620 feet of Diepenbrock's ( 1933) 

ashy silt member and the upper silty part of the underlying Jewett ~1icaceous Silt Member as originally defined for the ~1ount Poso field. The boundaries of the 

ashy silt member at Round ~1ountain field (Diepenbrock, 1934) are virtually the same as those of the 

Freeman Silt as here defined. 

For the most part it is extremely difficult, if not 

impossible, to differentiate the Freeman Silt from Diepenbrock's Jewett Micaceous Silt in subsurface correlation, consequently the two units have been combined 

as Freeman-Jewett Silt (Ferguson, 1941). This part 

of the ~1iocene depositional sequence is limited by the 

Vedder Sand below and the Olcese Sand above. A basal 

sand in this interval, herein assigned to the Jewett 

Sand (fig. 3), can be readily recognized and correlated 

in the subsurface by electric-log characteristics. Siltstone in this interval, the lower part of which is gradational with the Jewett as recognized by earlier workers 

(Diepenbrock, 1933, p. 16), is here included in the 

Freeman Silt. 'I'oward the center of the San Joaquin 

depositional basin, the Freeman makes up the entire 

interval between the Vedder and the Olcese Sands because of the basinward change from relatively coarse 

grained sediments along the margins to finer grained 

siltstone and shale toward the center. 

The continuously cored 328-foot interval between 

890 and 1,218 feet in the Shell Oil "Jewett" 1 (sec. 29, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E.) is designated herein as the type 

878-SISIS 0-70-2 

section of the Freeman Silt (fig. 6). According to Shell 

Oil Co. records, the cores in this interval consist of 

massive gray micaceous sandy to clayey shale [siltstone?]. Electric logs from subsequently drilled wells 

in this part of Round Mountain field can be readily 

correlated with this interval and thus used as reference 

data for subsurface mapping of the Freeman Silt. 

The Freeman Silt is characteristically a light- to 

brownish-gray friable massive micaceous clayey siltstone with very fine, silty sand beds near the top. 

Foraminifera and fish scales are abundant. The section 

contains bentonitic lenses, small pelecypods such as 

Oyclocardia, Acila, and N~wulana, and thin beds of 

calcareous siltstone ("shells"). On electric logs the formation is usually a well-defined shale or siltstone 

"neck" occurring stratigraphically above the Jewett or 

Vedder Sand (fig. 3). The upper contact is less well 

defined because the Freeman Silt grades upward and 

appears to intertongue with overlying silty, very finegrained sand referred to the Olcese Sand. At places 

the upper contact is difficult to determine because of 

this gradation. 

The Freeman Silt increases rapidly in thickness 

toward the center of the San Joaquin basin as the 

Jewett Sand, below, and the lower part of the Olcese 

Sand, above, grade laterally and appear to intertongue 

with siltstone away from the margin of the depositional basin (fig. 7). The Freeman Silt decreases in 

thickness along the strike from nearly 1,200 feet near 

the south end of Sharktooth field (T. 28 S., R. 28 E.) 

to about 500 feet near Dyer Creek field (T. 26 S., R. 

27 E.) and only about 165 feet (Sperber, 1952) at 

Jasmin field (T. 25 S., R. 27 E.). 

Outcrops of the Freeman Silt occur in a narrow· 

north-south belt from Poso Creek to north of Granite 

Station road. It is well exposed in Borel Canyon about 

6 miles north of Poso Creek. Characteristically the 

Freeman Silt is a poorly exposed sandy to clayey siltstone that weathers to very light gray. In Borel Canyon the Freeman Silt consists of about 200-250 feet of 

light-gray massive clayey to sandy micaceous siltstone 

containing fairly abundant Foraminifera. Gradation 

to calcareous silty claystone and shale and scattered 

beds of paper-thin shale occurs in this area. Toward 

the top of the formation, volcanic detritus, carbonaceous material, isolated concretions, and scattered impressions of mollusks are present. Scattered wood fragments and mollusks occur in siltstone concretions; the 

concretions are similar to those found in the Jewett 

Sand but are much less abundant. The top of the unit 

grades and intertongues with light-bluish-gray silty 

sandstone of the Olcese Sand. 
14 MIOCENE .GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

SHELL OIL CO 

Jewett-3 6 

Elev 1292 ft' 

SHELL OIL CO 

Jewett 1 

Elev 941ft 

Freeman Silt, Jewett Sand (and Pyramid Hill Sand Member) 

SHELL OIL CO 

Freeman 23 Freeman 22 

Elev 1092 ft 1 Elev 1103 ft' 

(675-1338 ft) (1354-1810 ft) 

COMPOSITE ELECTRIC LOG 

TYPE SECTION 

-~ o.., 

'--01 o .... :a~ 

E"" 

FEET 

600 

Sand, gray, very fine 

.! e .. -" -" Freeman Silt, Jewett Sand (and Pyramid Hill Sand Member) Silty sand, gray, very fine, micaceous; fish scales; 

locally carbonaceous; megafossils "0 CD 

i~ 

REFERENCE ELECTRIC LOG 

Olcese 

t 

Sand 

Freeman 

Siit 

461FT 

T 

Pyramid 

Hill 

Sand 

Member 

154FT 

Vedder 

t 

Sand 

I 

Jewett 

Sand 

534FT 

FEET ------------- 889 

900 

1000 

'"I 

"i 

'1 

150\0 --::::=: -

'"f---~~ 

'"\ 

700 Sandy silt and silty sand, gray, micaceous 

Sandy silt, gray, micaceous; fish scales 

Silty sand, gray, very fine 

800 Silty sand, gray, fine 

Silty sand, gray, medium 

Shale, blue-gray, silty and clayey 

Silty sand, dark-gray, fine; streaks of clay shale 

~~~-=t--889-98 

900 

Shale, gray to light-gray, silty to clayey; cylindrical 

sand pods; fish scales; carbonaceous 

1000 Sandy silt, gray; fish scales 

Silty sand, gray, very fine, shaly, micaceous 

1100 Shale, gray, silty to sandy, brittle; abundant megafossils; fish scales; locally micaceous 

1200 

1218 Oil sand, fine 

1300 

Alternating fine to very fine oil sands and brownishgray sandy s.hales. Common fish scales, megafossils, and carbonaceous materials. Sands 

usually silty and less than 4 ft thick. Occasional 

thin calcareous sandstone "shells" [beds] 

1400 Silty sand, oil-stained, very fine, shaly; streaks of oil 

sand; locally ashy; megafossils 

Shale, silty, oil-stained 

170} 0 - -=-=-

,_~ ,{ ~ ,o~o~-

1500 Silty and sandy shale, oil-stained, locally micaceous; 

streaks of silty, very fine oil sand. Fossiliferous 

calcareous(?) siltstone "shell" [bed I at 1557 ft 

1600 Silty claystone, dark-gray, hard; fish scales; sand 

streaks 

""{ 

190J> 1~ ""< i ~---

::L------~~~-----1--

Oil sand, fine, locally silty and micaceuus 

Sandy siltstone, sandy fractured shale, and very 

1690 fine oifsand 

1700 Silty sand, brownish-gray, medium, micaceous; fish 

scales; streaks of greenish silty claystone 

Sand, dark-gray, fine to very fine, clayey to silty, 

well-sorted; fish scales; occasional calcareous 

sandstone "shells" [beds] with megafossils 

SHELL 

Jewett-3 

SEC. 19 

INDEX MAP 

Jewett 

SEC. 30 SEC. 29 

T.28S .. R.29E. 

2000 FEET 

1800 

Sand, gray, coarse, unsorted, subangular; mega1875 fossil fragments ("grit zone") 

Quartz sand, light-gray, medium to coarse, fairly 

well sorted, clean, unconsolidated 

Vedder Sand Member of Diepenbrock (1934) 

3000 ft average 

EXPLANATION 

1 Derrick floor 

~ 

Indicates presence of oil in cored interval 

VERTICAL SCALE 

0 50 100 FEET 

IIIII! 

(Lithology from Sheil Oil Co. core description) 

FIGURE 6.-Correlation of subsurface type sections of the Jewett Sand and Freeman Silt with electric logs from 

nearby wells. 
SANTA FE DRILLING CO 

STRATIGRAPHY 

TIDEWATER OIL CO 

76 

Sec. 18, T.28 S., R. 29 E. 

Elev 1224 ft 

t, 

TD 3554 

0 

-, 

( 

500 1000 FEET 

VERTICAL EXAGGERATION XlO 

Pyramid Hill 

SEA LEVEL 

]j'roum~ 7.-Diagrnmmntic section fr()m Pyramid Hill to the Alma area of Rou.nd l\Iountain field showing stratigraphic 

relations o·f Miocene formations (modifi-ed from Hackel and Krammes, 1958). 

15 
16 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN. RIVER -AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Section of Jewett Sand, Freeman Silt, and Olcese Sand on north 

side of east-west tributary of Borel Canyon just west of the center 

of sec. 18, T. 27 S., R. 29 E., Woody 15-minute quadrangle 

Olcese Sand: Thickness 

9. Sandstone, silty, very light bluish gray; weathers (Feet) 

to white; very fine grained; scattered calcareous 

cemented concretions; massive; friable; forms a 

faintly "benched" or "stepped" slope. Contains 

N uculana sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 39 + 

Freeman Silt: 

8. Mostly covered. Apparently friable siltstone and 

sandy siltstone with abundant silty clay shale 

chips in float in lower 20 ft ___ ~-------------- 40 

7. Clayey siltstone and shale, poorly exposed; weathered to white; best exposed in landslides in Borel 

Canyon where white-weathering "paper-thin" 

shale that weathers to white is interbedded with 

clayey siltstone; "'gypsiferous; siltstone locally 

well indurated gives rise to siltstone chips in 

float; break-in-slope at top of unit_____________ 45 

6. Mostly covered. Very coarse to coarse-grained calcareous sandstone, 2-3 in. thick, 14 ft above 

base. Float changes to tan-white to white sandy 

silt; increasing. calcareous siltstone chips; gypsiferous; appears to be a foraminiferal siltstone 

that weathers to white, somewhat micaceous. 

Prominent break-in-slope at top and bottom of 

unit________________________________________ 44 

5. Siltstone, sandy, poorly exposed; weathers to light 

gray to tan; massive; gypsiferous______________ 19 

4. Sandstone, concretionary, silty, very light gray, very 

fine grained, well sorted; considerably weathered; 

gypsiferous; locally mappable. Poorly preserved 

pelecypods common ______ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 

3. Siltstone, sandy, poorly exposed; weathers to light 

gray to tan; ranges from siltstone to very fine 

sand; massive; gypsiferous; tan silty soil with 

abundant very light gray calcareous siltstone 

chips_______________________________________ 87 

Jewett Sand: 

2. Siltstone, sandy, Ostrea-Chlamys bed; light-gray, 

weathers to orange to light brown; cemented with 

calcium carbonate; abundantly gypsiferous; 

scattered fish scales (UCMP loc. B1650) _ _ _ _ _ _ 1 

1. Sandstone, concretionary, silty, weathers to light gray 

to tan, very fine, well sorted, massive, friable, 

biotitic; scattered Foraminifera, "cannonball" 

concretions 6-18 in. in diameter; spherical 

limonitic stained outer shell; calcareous cemented 

core, usually occurring in beds. Ostrea beds occur 

about one-half of a foot above base (UCMP loc. 

B1649) and 4 ft above base__________________ 46+ 

OLCESE SAND 

Diepenbrock (1933, p. 14) first used the name Olcese 

Sand parenthetically as "l\1iddle Temblor Sandstone 

( Olcese sand of the Round l\1ountain area)" in a report 

on l\1ount Poso oil field. It was not used, however, in 

his subsequent report on the Round l\1ountain Silt 

(Diepenbrock, 1H34), in which the "~1iddle Temblor" 

was described as "800 to 850 feet of loose, mediumgrained to coarse sand with some beds of fine silty sand 

and also beds of conglomerate." The name was subsequently used as the "Olcese Sandstone Member of the 

Temblor Formation" by ICleinpell ( 1938, p. 153). 

Initial definition of the Olcese Sand was made by 

Ferguson (1941, p. 241, 242), who recognized three 

parts: a lower sand with interbedded siltstone containing Foraminifera, an apparently nonmarine middle 

part, and an abundantly fossiliferous upper part. The 

age of the formation was regarded as late Saucesian 

to early Relizian. 

The type area for the Olcese Sand should logically 

be in or near the Round l\1ountain oil field in keeping 

with Diepenbrock's original reference (1933, p. 14) to 

this name. In all probability the name was taken from 

one of the wells drilled on Olcese oil leases in the central and southern parts of Round l\1ountain field. The 

designation of the type locality, a well at the west edge 

of l\1ount Poso oil field several 1niles to the northwest 

(Ohio Oil "Glide" 1, sec. 13, T. 27 S., R. 27 E.), attributed to l(een ( 1943) by l(eroher and others ( 1966, 

p. 2816) is in error and is therefore not taken into 

consideration here. Rogers' generalized description and 

composite electric Jog (1943, p. 580, 582) of the Olcese 

Sand at Round l\1ountain field can be taken as the 

original designation of a type locality for this unit. 

Inasmuch as the Olcese Sand is exposed at the surface 

in Round l\1ountain field, it has not been regarded as 

a potential oil-bearing reservoir and consequently has 

not been continuously cored. Therefore, recognition of 

the formation and determination of its depositional relationships to other formations is best determined from 

electric logs. Accordingly, electric logs from the Shell 

Oil Co. Freeman lease (SvV1;4 sec. 20, T. 28 S., R. 29 

E.) in the southern part of Round l\1ountain field 

(Park and others, 1963, pl. 5) are collectively designated as reference electric logs. 

The lower part of the Olcese Sand consists of gray 

very fine silty marine sand with interbedded sandy and 

clayey siltstone. In the Round l\1ountain field this unit 

is about 300-500 feet thick and consists of very fine to 

fine-grained micaceous carbonaceous sandstone with 

scattered megafossils and thin calcareous sandstone 

beds ("shells"). Toward the center of the basin (fig. 

7), this unit grades laterally into siltstone of the underlying Freeman Silt. Above the basal very fine sand, 

the Olcese grades into fine to coarse gray to bluish-gray 

sand and gravel. In the outcrop this interval appears 

to be nonmarine, and the sand and gravel is strongly 

crossbedded. In the uppermost part of the formation, 

electric. logs and cores indicate a 25- to 125-foot interval of fine to very fine silty sand which thins and 

grades to siltstone downdi p (fig. 7). 

Because of infreqtient coring, the contacts of the 
STRATIGRAPHY 17 

Olc~se Sand are best determined from electric logs. 

The upper contact with the Round ]\fountain Silt is 

placed at the point on the log where massive sand 

changes abruptly to a siltstone "neck" formed by low 

resistivity and spontane.ous potential values. This contact can be rcadi ly correlated in the oil-field areas 

northeast o:f Bakersfield, but it gradually drops stratigraphically basi1nntrd by gradation of the upper part 

of the Olcese Sand to siltstone or shale. East and 

northenst o:f J\![ount Poso field, the ICern River Formation of Anderson (1911) overlaps the Round ]\fountain 

Silt to lie unconformably on Olcese Sand in the subsurface. This sand-on-sand contact is difficult to 

identify on electric logs. The contact with the underlying Freeman Silt is gradational; it is drawn at the 

chn.nge from sand to siltstone or shale below (fig. 5). 

J\1aximnm subsurface development of the Olcese 

Sand occurs south and southwest of Round ]\fountain 

field. In the Gene Reid "J\f. and T." well 1 near ICern 

River (sec. 31, T. 28 S., R. 29 E.), the Olcese is about 

1,865 feet thick. Northward along the strike, the forination thins to about 650 feet at ]\fount Poso field and 

400 feet southeast of Dyer Creek field. The Olcese also 

decreases h1 thickness toward the southeast; at Ant 

Ifill field south of ICern River, the average thickness is 

about 700 feet. 

Exposures in sec. 6 and 7, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., and 

sec. 12, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., west of Coffee Canyon, are 

collect·ively designated ns characteristic outcrops of the 

O.lcese Snnd. In this aren,, however, only the upper 

:mel .m icldle parts of the formation are fully exposed. 

Of the lower palt of the Olcese, only the upper 100 

:feet or so is exposed in this area; subsurface data 

indicate that this part of the formation is about 650 

feet thick here. 

Section of Olcese Sand and Rmtnd Mountain SiU 

['l'h!s traverse loops u\) prominent northonst·tronding ridge nnd then to the southwest 

from base locnto<l a ong north side of oil-field service road nt tho mouth of a small cnst·wost gully 1,000 foot west from main road to Hound Mountain ncar the center of sec. 7, 'l'. 28 S., H. 29 E., Woody 15-minuto quadrangle] 

Thickness 

feet 

Round Mountain Silt, lower part: 

35. Siltstone, orangish-tan, tan, and gray; locally 

sandy; scattered white to grayish-white calcareous siltstone concretions; Foraminifera, Acila 

sp., and Clementia? sp _______________________ _ 34. Covered _____________________________________ _ 

33. Silt, sandy, gray and tan; abundant }~-}~ in. 

burrows------------------------------------

32. Mostly covered. Dark-brown silty soil with abundant 

gypsum and calcareous siltstone chips, becoming 

more gypsiferous 22 ft above base; badly 

weathered clayey silt 60 ft above base; sandy silt 

83 ft above base (may include some Olcese Sand)_ 

34+ 

6 

2 

106 

Section of Olcese Sand and Round Mountain Silt-Continued 

Thickness 

(feet) 

Olcese Sand, upper part: 

31. Covered. Ant hills and soil indicative of dark-gray 

fine to very fine sand________________________ 11 

30. Sand, white, fine, locally very silty; poorly sorted, 

tuffaceous, carbonaceous; fai,rly abundant white 

and light-green m.ica; scattered leaf impressions, 

becoming more uniformly very fine above______ 31 

29. Covered______________________________________ 2 

28. Sand, very poorly exposed; gray, fine, poorly sorted_ 3 

27. Sandstone, poorly exposed; light grayish tan, very 

fine grained, fairly well sorted, difficultly friable, 

locally well indurated, resistant________________ 4 

26. Siltstone, poorly exposed; weathers to whitish 

tan________________________________________ 4 

25. Sandy silt, poorly exposed; weathers to whitishtan; 10 percent very fine to coarse sand grains___ 13 

24. Sandstone, white, medium-grained, clayey, wellindurated, ledge-forming; iron oxide stained____ 2 

Olcese Sand, middle part: 

23. Sand, pebbly, weathers to yellowish-gray to tan; 

coarse, very poorly sorted to unsorted; iron 

oxide stained; apparently crossbedded; less pebbly above__________________________________ 32 

22. Sand, silty, poorly exposed; white; weathers to very 

light tan to greenish-white; very fine grained__ 3 

21. Clay, poorly exposed; white to greenish white, 

becoming silty above with some very fine 

sand near top; fairly abundant iron oxide stains__ 4 

20. Sand, clayey and silty, weathers to very light 

greenish tan; very fine, fairly well to poorly 

sorted; increases clay toward top of unit._______ 11 

19. Sand, poorly exposed; weathers to white to whitish 

tan; fine to medium, very well sorted ______ ---_ 7 

18. Clayey and silty sand, weathers to greenish tan, 

very fine; forms gritty clayey soiL_____________ 9 

17. Sand, poorly exposed; weathers to buff-white; very 

fine, very well sorted _____________________ --_ 6 

16. Silty sand, white, fine to very fine, poorly sorted; 

tuffaceous; contains scattered coarse to very 

coarse bluish-black rounded chert grains, increasing toward top_________________________ 22 

15. Sand, poorly exposed; weathers to very light 

orangish tan to white; fine _______________ ---_ 9 

14. Sand, poorly exposed; weathers to orangish-brown; 

fine to coarse, poorly sorted; forms prominent 

15- to 20-ft unit viewed from distance; 1}~-ft 

resistant pebble conglomerate 4ft above base___ 19 

13. Covered______________________________________ 2 

12. Conglomeratic sandstone, poorly exposed; weathers 

11. 

10. 

9. 

to very light grayish tan; very poorly sorted; 

scattered pebbles and cobbles as much as 1H in. 

in diameter; resistant________________________ 35 

Sandstone, light-gray to light-bluish-gray, very 

fine grained, massive, difficultly friable, ledgeforming____________________________________ 5 

Sandstone, white, weathers to light-gray; medium 

grained, poorly sorted, well indurated; 1- to 2-ft, 

rust-weathering ledge at base of unit _____ -_--- 9 

Sandstone, yellowish- to bluish-white, weathers to 

grayish-tan; very fine grained, evenly sorted, 

massive; friable to somewhat difficultly friable; 

upper 3ft crossbedded----------------------- 31 
18 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Section of Olcese. Sand and Round Mountain Silt-Continued 

Thickness 

(feet) 

Olcese Sand, middle part-Continued 

8. Silty clay or claystone, white; considerably weath- · 

ered; lenses out down dip ___________________ _ 

7. Sandstone, yellowish- to bluish-white, weathers to 

grayish-tan; very fine grained, massive; difficultly friable ____________________________________ _ 

6. Sand, very poorly exposed; weathers to blue and 

rust; poorly sorted; abundant bluish-black chert 

1 

7 

grains_____________________________________ 3 

5. Covered_____________________________________ 8 

4. Sand and gravel; weathers to blue and rust; sand 

is very coarse, poorly sorted; rounded bluishblack chert grains abundant___________________ 5 

3. Conglomerate, weathers to rusty-red; rounded 

pebble& and cobbles as much as 2 in. in diameter; crossbedded _______________________________ _ 

2. Sandstone, light-bluish-gray, fine- to mediumgrained, fairly well to poorly sorted; 30 percent 

pumice grains; friable; strongly crossbedded; 

abundant limonitic stained bands______________ 6 

1. Shale, white, fissile, fairly brittle; apparently bentonitic _________________________________ _ 

The lo\\·er part of the Olcese Sand consists of silty 

very fine to fine-grained friable sandstone. It is best 

exposed north of Poso Creek. In Borel Canyon (sec. 

12, T. 27 S., H. 28 E.) the lower 200 feet of the Olcese 

consists of light-gray-weathering tuffaceous very fine 

grained silty sandstone with scattered calcareous sandstone concretions, indeterminate 1negafossils, fish scales, 

and plant fragments. As previously mentioned, the 

sandstone beds crop out as terraced slopes on southfacing hillsides. At most places, the contact with the 

underlying Freeman Silt is difficult to recognize because of the lack of strong lithologic contrast. ':Vhere 

favorably exposed, however, the change upward from 

siltstone to sandstone and the terraced outcrop pattern 

of the lower part of the Olcese Sand are useful criteria 

in mapping the contact.· 

The middle· part of the Olcese Sand seems to be predominantly nonmarine. 1\farine fossils have been found 

at only one locality in this unit on the south side of 

Poso Creek (Blake, 1855; Clark, 1937) ; elsewhere 

silicified ·wood fragments and tree trunks as much as 

2 feet in diameter occur. This part of the formation is 

characterized by unconsolidated medium to very coarse 

crossbeddecl tuffaceous sand containing a variable 

fraction of well-rounded bluish-black chert pebbles, 

cobbles, and sand grains. Orange and reddish iron 

oxide stained laminae are characteristic. Thin silty 

claystone beds that are weathered to greenish-tan are 

scattered throughout the unit, which is about 225 feet 

thick in the surface reference section along Poso Creek. 

Contacts with the upper and lower parts of the Olcese 

are marked by crossbedded coarse to pebbly sand. The 

lower contact appears to be disconformable north of 

Poso Creek. Burrows of boring pelecypods at the contact with the finer grained marine sands of the upper 

part of the Olcese suggest that it too n1ay be disconformable. 

The upper part of the Olcese Sand consists of fossiliferous fine to very fine sand and siltstone, that are 

weathered to light gray to tan and that are best exposed between Kern River and Poso Creek. Along Poso 

Creek it is about 70 feet thick; west of Round Mountain field a 116-foot section \Yas measured (sec. 24, T .. 

28 S., R. 28 E.). Along Poso Creek, sand in the upper 

part of the Olcese is usually tuffaceous, sparingly fossiliferous, silty and fine to very fine and is weathered 

to tan. Siltstone beds are generally sandy, fossiliferous, 

and tuffaceous. Several thin dark-gray crossbedded 

medium-grained sands occur near the contact with the 

posed between I( ern Hi ver and Po so Creek. Along Po so 

Creek it is about 70 feet thick; west of Round l\fountain field a 116-foot section was measured (sec. 24, T. 

Tivela, Poli1iices, and other mollusks. The lower contact .is placed at the top of the strongly crossbedded 

unconsolidated cmuse to pebbly sm~d of the 1niddle 

part of the formation. The upper part of the Olcese 

Sand includes the Barker's Hanch molluscan fauna. 

North and east of the site of Barker's Ranch, several 

molluscan accumulations occur in calcareous sandstones near the top of the Olcese Sand. Anderson 

(1911) based his "B zone" on assemblages fr01n this 

part of the Olcese. 

ROUND.MOUNTAIN SILT 

Diepenbrock (1933, p. 14) first used the name 

"Upper Temblor (Round Mountain Silt) " as a paragraph he.ading in a description of the Temblor Formation at l\fount Poso oil field. However, in the text of 

that report, and of a subsequent one on the Round 

}\fountain field (Diepenbrock, 1934), he used the name 

"Upper Temblor" exclusively. A 220-foot cored interval of "Upper Temblor" consisting of diatomite, siltstone, and sand in the Ohio Oil "Glide" 1 (sec. 13, T. 

27 S., H.. 27 E.) was described by Diepenbrock (1933). 

This well was designated as the type locality of the 

Hound ~1:ountain Silt by l(een ( 1943, p. 30). The name 

was evidently derived from siltstone weathered to tan 

that caps Hom1d }\fountain 9 miles southeast of the 

type \Yell. As with the Olcese Sand, the nmne was 

subsequently used by ICleinpell (1938, p. 201) as Round 

l\fountain Silt l\fember of the Te1nblor Fonnation. It 

has since become a unit widely used for subsurface 

correlation in the southeastern part of the San Joaquin 

Valley (Ferguson, 1941, p. 240-241). The formation 

is overlain by the Santa ~far garita Fonnation · and 
STRATIGRAPHY 19 

rests conformably upon the Olcese Sand in the type 

w·ell. North and west of ~1ount Poso field, local sand 

beds in the lowest part of the Round ~1ountain Silt 

have been called the ~1cVan Sand (Beck, 1952; Sperber, 1952), n. name apparently derived frmn wells in 

McVan field (sec. 14, T. 27 S., R. 27 E.), about llh 

miles west of the Ohio "Glide" 1. 

The type section is here redefined as being the continuously cored 213-foot interval from 1,229 to 1,442 

feet in the Ohio Oil "Glide" 1. This usage is in agreement 

with the definitive modern report on oil fields of the 

Mount Poso n.rea although it differs from Diepenbrock's 

original definition of "Upper Temblor" (Albright and 

others, 1957). It excludes the basal 3 feet of gray 

foraminiferal siltstone and the overlying 57 feet of 

gray silty sand included in the "Upper Temblor" by 

Diepenbrock (1933, p. 14) but here included in the 

Olcese Sand. The basal 53 feet of gray sandy shale of 

his Santa ~1m·garita Formation are here included in 

the Round ~1ountain Silt. According to the original 

core description~, the rocks in this interval consist of 

gray to brown sandy shale and diatomaceous clay 

shale (probably siltstone). Diepenbrock's description 

(1933, p. 14) of the upper 160 feet of his section is as 

follows: Thickness (feet) 

Gray and brown diatomaceous and foraminiferal siltstone-------------------------------------------- 70 

Diatom~e----------------------------------------- 50 

Dark-gray siltstone; diatoms and Foraminifera common__ 40 

The Round Mountain Silt is unconformably overlain 

by the Santa Margarita Formation; the contact is 

placed at the base of a massive sand that overlies sandy 

siltstone. The contact with the underlying Olcese Sand is 

drawn at the top of a very fine silty sand, which at some 

places is included in the Round Mountain Silt as the 

McVan Sand Member (Beck, 1952). Electric logs from 

the nearby Pacific Oil and Gas "Glide" 62-A (sec. 13, 

T. 27 S., R. 27 E.) serve as a reference section for 

subsurface recognition and correfation of the Round 

Mountain Silt. Diepenbrock's core description ·(1933) is 

compared with the redefined type section and reference 

electric logs in figure 8. 

Because the Round ~1ountain Silt is not considered 

to be a potential oil-bearing unit, is has been the 

practice to drill through the formation and not to take 

any cores. Consequently, in 1nost wells lithologic character in the subsurface n1ust be interpreted from electric logs. In a few early exploratory wells, however, 

much or :11l of the formation was cored. In the vicinity 

of Honnd ~1ounta.in and ~1ount Poso fields the formation consists principally of foraminiferal and diatomaceous siltstone. At .Jasmin field to the northwest (sec. 

22, T. 25 S., R. 27 E), lenses or tongues of gray fine 

sand occur in the Round ~fountain Silt (Sperber, 1952; 

I-Iluza, 1958). 

The Round ~fountain Silt may be divided into four 

principal lithologic units that are more or less characteristically present in the Shell Oil "Furhman" 1 

near the south end of ~1ount Poso field (sec. 4, T. 28 

S., R. 28 E.), an early well in which the formation was 

continuously cored. The lowest unit coi1sists of about 

100 feet of light- to clark-gray clayey siltstone containing abundant Foraminifera, mollusks, and fish scales. 

Local sand beds such as the ~1cVan Sand of Sperber 

( 1952) present in the lower part of the Round l\1ountain 

Silt north and west of Poso field suggest an intertonguing relationship with the upper part of the Olcese Sand. 

The next unit is composed of nearly 100 feet of tuffacem~s diatomaceous siltstone and foraminiferal clay shale. 

The diatoms are locally concentrated in thin lmninm. 

Occasional interbeds of sand with phosphatic pellets, or 

"sporbo" (Galliher, 1931) occurring at the base of this 

unit may indicate tha.t relations with underlying strata 

are locnlly disconformable. The third unit consists of 

about 100 feet of light-gray to greenish-black clayey 

siltstone with scattered diatoms, arenaceous and calcareous Foraminifern, and fish scales. The upper1nost 

unit is a greenish-gray sandy siltstone about 20 feet 

thick from which arenaceous Foraminifera, fish remains, and carbonaceous material have been reported. 

The Round ~fountain ·Silt thickens southeastward 

from less than 100 feet at l\1ount Poso field (Albright . 

and others, 1957) to nearly 800 feet at l(ern River in 

the Amerada Oil "Olcese" 1 (sec. 4, T. 29 S., R. 29 E.). 

This rapid thickening is attributed, in part, to the 

gradation of the upper part of the Olcese Sand to 

siltstone south of Round ~fountain. Thinning of the 

formation toward the margin of the basin north of 

Poso Creek results, in part, from the unconformable 

overlap of the Round l\1ountain Silt by the Santa 

~1arga.rita Formation and, farther northeast, by the 

!Cern River Formation of Anderson (1911). 

The Round ~1ountain Silt is well-exposed in gullies 

and canyons from Poso Creek southward to Cottonwood Creek. Along I( ern River the for1nation crops 

out almost continuously from Hart Park to the fault 

scarp at the mouth of the !Cern River gorge. The Sharktooth I-Iill area about 2 miles southwest of Round 

~1ountain is here designated as the surface reference 

locality for the Round ~1ountain Silt. However, because of low relief and near-horizontal attitudes, the 

formation is not fully exposed in this area. In the subsurface, half a mile to the north west, the Round l\1ountain Silt is 4 70 feet thick. 
20 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

PACIFIC OIL AND GAS 

Glide 62-A 

Elev 1115 ftl Santa 

OHIO OIL CO 

Glide 1 

Elev 1121 ft 

PACIFIC OIL AND GAS 

Glide 81-A 

Elev 1081 ft2 

Margarita 

Formation Type section of the Round Mountain Silt 

INDEX MAP 

81-A 

~ 

Pacific Oil and Gas 

62-A " ' " " " ' Ohio Oil Co.~ ' 

Round 

Mountain 

Silt 

Olcese 

Sand 

Sec. 13 Sec. 18 

T. 27 S. R. 27 E. T. 27 S. R. 28 E. 

0 2000 FEET 

FEET 

rO 

100 

200 

Sandy shale, gray; abundant arenaceous 

Foraminifera, fish remains; diatoms in 

lower 18 ft (sandy siltstone?) 

Clay shale, brown to gray, diatomaceous, 

locally sand. Abundant Foraminifera, 

including Valvulineria. Abundant shark 

teeth near base (siltstone?) 

Very diatomaceous clay shales, gray; numerous fish scales and Foraminifera 

(diatomite?) 

Sandy Flay shale, very fine silty sand, and 

foraminiferal shale (siltstone?) 

Silty sand, gray, very fine 

Silstone, gray; Foraminifera common 

Sand, bluish-gray, medium 

(Lithology principaJiy from Ohio Oil Co. 

core description, in part from Diepenbrock, 1933) 

0 100 

EXPLANATION 

1 Elevation of derrick floor 

2 Ground elevation 

200 FEET 

1100 

1200 

1300 

r 

FIGURE 8.-Correlation of type section of the Round Mountain Silt with nearby wells. 

South and southwest of Round Mountain, the basal 

part of the formation consists of 100-125 feet of 

chocolate-brown-weathering foraminiferal massive siltstone and clayey siltstone. Toward the southeast, basal 

siltstone beds grade into dark-grayish-brown micaceous 

platy siltstone with abundant Anadara os1nonti. Northwest of Round ~1ountain, the basal siltstone grades 

into tan-weathering micaceous tuffaceous sandy siltstone. 

About 125 feet of white-weathering diatomaceous 

shale and interbedded claystone and siltstone overlie 

this lowest unit. The diatomite is thin bedded to fissile 

and gypsiferous; it contains large discoidal diatoms 

and is locally foraminiferal. A foot-thick bed of fine-
STRATIGRAPHY 21 

gra~1~ed vi tri c tuff occurs near the top of the unit; finegrained tuff beds occur in this interval from north of 

Poso Creek southward to !(ern River. The diatomaceous shale and siltstone varies in thicln1ess. East of 

Cottonwood Creek it appears· to be more than 200 feet 

thick. ~.i::t~oma~~ous strata characterized by many 

]~~rge cltsco.Jdn.~ cbatoms appear to grade laterally into 

stltstone, pn.rt1cul:uly east of Rancheria Road (T. 28 

S., R.. 29 E.). In general, the unit seems to become 

more diatomaceous toward the top. I-Ianna (1932) listed 

:t flora o:l: 80 species o:l: diatoms from this interval. 

South o:l: Poso Creek the diatomaceous shale is overlain Ly tan-wen.thering massive claystone that (Trades 

l . b 

upwarc 1nto poorly exposed siltstone. The claystone 

contn.:ins plant debris :tnd hu~ge fish scales. North of 

Poso Creek the diatomite is overlain by a cross-bedded 

cn.lcr.~rem.~s conglomerati.c sandstone and a sandy bioclast.tc limestone conta1ning abundant frag1nents of 

rno.llusks. T'.he limestone probably is correlative with 

the 1''wTitella oooyana bed that crops out at Sharktooth I-:lill and Cottonwood Creek. Between !(ern 

R.i ver and Poso Creek, the claystone is overlain by 

clayey and sanely siltstone, about 85-110 feet thick, 

that is grayish tan, massive, locally carbonaceous and 

gyps.iferous and that contains scattered calcareous siltstone concretions. 

A light-gray massive silty sandstone containing 

abundant shn.rk teeth and bones of marine mammals 

overlies the siltstone. The shark-tooth and bone bed 

n.verages about 15 feet .in thickness; it can be traced 

by following float of bone debris and shark teeth frmn 

the northern part of Dorsey area of :Mount Poso field 

southe:tsbrn.rcl to Cottonwood Creek. The vertebrate 

fauna of the sh:u:k-tooth bed includes sea lions, whales, 

n, turtle, a desmostylian, birds, sharks, and rays (Mitchen, 1965). 

Overlying the shark-tooth bed is a fossiliferous 

sn.ncly siltstone that grades upward into silty very fine 

sand. This unit .is about 65 feet thick near the mouth of 

Cottmnroocl Creek (sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E.). 

Section through 1tpper part of Round Jl.tfountain Silt up southwesttrending gully in SE%SE}~ sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo llanch q·uadrangle 

Santa Margarita Formation: Thickness (feet) 

12. Boulder and cobble gravel; boulders rounded, 

maximum diameter 3}'2 ft; abundant iron oxide 

staining at contact with underlying unit________ 10+ 

Unconformity. 

Round Mountain Silt: 

11. Sand, silty, buff to greenish-buff; very .fine, well 

sorted; micaceous; contains shark tooth________ 2 

10. Silt, sandy, light-grayish-tan; micaceous__________ 2 

9. Sand, silty, light-greenish-tan; .fine to very .fine, 

well sorted; sugary texture___________________ 5 

Section through upper part of Round Mountain SiU of southwesttrending gully in SE}~SE~ sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle-Continued. 

Round Mountain Silt-Continued T'(Je~I)ess 

8. Sand, silty, light-greenish-tan; very .fine, fairly well 

sorted; 10 percent biotite; scattered thin limonitic 

stained bands_______________________________ 8 

7. Sand, light-gray to white; very .fine, well sorted; 

sand grains subrounded; scattered limonitic 

stained bands------------------------------- 34 

6. Sandstone, weathered to rust- to brown; very .fine 

grained; calcareous, well indurated; abundant 

wood fragments and abundant Dosinia merriami 

Clark (USGS loc. l\11606; UCMP B1678) _ __ _ _ _ 1 

5. Sand, silty, poorly exposed, light-gray, soft_______ 6 

4. Silt, sandy, poorly exposed, weathered to tan to 

orangish-tan_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6 

3. Sand, silty, very light greenish gray to white, very 

.fine, soft; probably the shark-tooth and bone bed_ 13 

2. Sandstone, white, very fine grained, calcareous, 

moderately well indurated, micaceous__________ 2 

1. Silstone, tan-weathering, locally calcareous; abundant shark-tooth and bone-fragment float on 

hillside, presumably from base of unit 3 above__ 28 

Nonmarine sand and gravel refer to the Cottonwood 

Creek For1nation of I-Iackel and ICran1mes (1958) and 

the Bena Formation and Santa Margarita Sand of 

Dibblee, l3ruer, I-Iackel, and vVarne (1965) unconformably overlie the Round ~{ountain Silt along !(ern 

River. North of ~{ount Poso field, the Round Mountain 

Silt is truncated by the !(ern River Formation of 

Anderson (1911), which lies unconformably upon the 

Olcese Sand in the outcrop. East of Cottonwood Creek, 

gravels included in the Bena Formation (Dibblee and 

others, 1965) overlap the upper part of the Round 

~1ountain Silt to rest unconformably on diatomaceous 

shale and siltstone. North of !(ern River, the lower 

contact is placed at the top of a dark-gray to greenishgray medium- to coarse-grained sand that contains 

local concentrations of Tivela and Polinioes. Tongues 

of fossiliferous fine to medium gray sand occurring 

stratigraphically above the Tivela bed in the type area 

of the Barker's Ranch fauna south of Round Mountain 

field are included in the Olcese Sand. Beds included in 

the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt on the 

south side of !(ern River east of Cottonwood Creek 

may be equivalent to coarser grained strata included 

in the Olcese Sand north of !(ern River because of the 

previously noted southerly facies change from sand 

to siltstone in the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

evident in subsurface correlation by electric log. The 

Round ~{ountn.in-Olcese contact in this area (Dibblee 

and others, 1965) probably corresponds to the contact 

between the upper and m~cldle parts of the Olcese Sand 

north of !Cern River. 
22 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION 

Hanna (1930, p. 78) first discussed usage of "Santa 

l\1argarita" for marine sediments overlying "typical 

upper Temblor" and underlying "clays and sands 

called Chanac" in wells of the ICern River area. He 

concluded, however, that the name should not be used 

in the eastern part of the San Joaquin Valley because 

there was not sufficient evidence to permit correlation 

of these strata with the type Santa l\1argarita Formation of San Luis Obispo County (Fairbanks, 1904). 

Since first used by Diepenbrock (1933, p. 13-14), however, the name has gained acceptance and as now used 

applies to a "·idely recognized subsurface unit. Some 

workers haYe indicated dissatisfaction "·ith this name 

by using it in quotations (Birch in J(een, 1943; Ferguson in '\Veaver and others, 1944), and Savage (1955) 

has stressed need for a replacement name. The name 

was originally extended to a coarse sandstone in the 

Tejon flills, about 22 miles south of J(ern River, because of similnrity of marine megafossils to the fauna 

of the type area near Santa l\iargarita, Calif. (Hoots, 

1930). Simllarly, recognition of this formation in the 

subsurface has been based, at least in part, on megafossil assemblages (l\1iller and Ferguson, 1943). 

Subsurface recognition of the Santa l\1argarita Formation on electric logs is based upon the n1ore or less 

abrupt change upward from a shale or siltstone "neck" 

in the Round l\1ountain Silt to expanded resistivity 

and self-potential curves indicative of sand (fig. 8). 

In some places the upper contact is difficult to determine on electric logs because of the similar sandy character of the ICern River Formation of Anderson 

( 1911) and Brooks ( 1952). At the type Round l\1ountain Silt ·well west of l\1ount Poso field (sec. 13, T. 27 

S., R. 27 E.), the basal part of the Santa l\1argarita 

Formation is described as a sandy shale (probably siltstone) containing gray shale pebbles, presumably from 

the underlying Round l\1ountain Silt. 

In ''"ells about a mile north of J(ern Front field, the 

Santa l\1argarita Formation is 350-400 feet thick. The 

lower 100 feet is composed principally of gray massive 

carbonaceous fine to Yery fine sand containing scattered 

mollusks and fish remajns. The sand coarsens toward 

the top of t.he formation. To the east, the Santa l\1argarita Formation is progressively overlapped by the 

Kern R.i ver Formation. In the main part of l\{ount 

Poso field, only the lower silty, very fine grained carbonaceous sand is present. Farther east the ICern River 

Formation o\·erlaps the Santa l\1argarita Formation 

and the underlying Round l\1ountain Silt 'to lie unconformably on the Olcese Sand. 

The Santa l\1argarita Formation has been mapped 

by Birch (in ICeen, 1943) and Dibblee and others 

(1965) as a relatively thin unit of white coarse-grained 

sand and gravel best exposed in bluffs on the south side 

of J(ern River from I-Iart Park to Cotton wood Creek. 

It was mapped as the l\1on Bluff Formation by I-Iackel 

and Krammes (1958) and shmYn to be overlapped by 

the ICern River Formation of Andexson ( 1911), Brooks 

(1952), north of Poso Creek (sec. 3, T. 28 S., R. 28 E.), 

and near Cottonwood Creek (~E1;4 sec. 14, T. 29 S., 

R.. 29 E.) 

Fossils have not been found in surface exposures of 

the Santa l\1argarita Formation in the 1\:ern River 

area. '\Vhere cored, however, the Santa l\1argarita usually contains scattered 1nollusks, fish scales, or Foraminifera, ''"hich indicate marine deposition. Late l\1iocene megafossils have been reported from oil fields 

downdip (Preston, 1931; Grant and Gale, 1931; l\1iller 

and Bloom, 1937; l\1iller and Leclingham, 1943; Eelwards, 1943b; and others). The largest and best known 

assemblage is from "·ells in Fruitvale field about 3 

miles west of Bakersfield. Gale (in Preston, 1931) recorded an assemblage of 55 molluscan taxa of late 

l\1iocene age from wells in that area. 

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

PREVIOUS WORK 

Anderson ( 1911) made the initial biostratigraphic 

study of the marine l\1iocene formations of the J(ern 

River area. This ''"ork and his description of the molluscan fauna (Anderson, 190:'5; Anderson and l\1artin, 

1914) form the basis of recognition of the middle l\1iocene "Temblor Stage" of the Pacific coast chronology. 

In 1911 Anderson defined three faunal zones based on 

marine mollusks. "Zone A" included 500 feet of concretionary sand at the base of the marine section (fig. 

9). The originally reported assemblage of 40 molluscan 

taxa from near the base of this unit at Pyramid Hill is 

now placed in the lower l\1iocene (Loel and Corey, 

1932; Addicott, 1965a). His "B zone" included about 

100 feet of sand at the top of what is now mapped as 

the Olcese Sand. Forty-six taxa were listed from 

localities exposed in the hills on the north side of J(ern 

Ri \·er northeast of Barker's Ranch, the type area of the 

Barker's Ranch fauna. A 60-foot interval of very fine 

grained sand in the upper part of what is now mapped 

as the Round l\1ountain Silt was called the "C zone." 

This unit is characterized by abundant shark teeth and 

bones in the lower part and by a small assemblage of 

moll nsks near the top. 

Incompletely documented l\1iocene molluscan "zones" 

(assemblage or faunal zones) in the J(ern R-iver area 

were listed by Loel and Corey (1932, p. 99). Three of 
Kern River 

Formation of 

Anderson (1911) 

Santa Margarita 

Formation 

Round Mountain 

Silt 

Olcese Sand 

Freeman Silt 

Jewett Sand 

Vedder Sand 

Walker Formation 

Basement complex 

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 

--=----=------==--- --- .---Q)JJ 6JJ) ::. <· } Barker's Ranch --- ________ :._: .. : ... .: .. : .. : .. :.::·_-- --- ·· . localities and 

. ~- .· .. ·.·· .. ·.- <OJ) Q)]) a:roBj ~~Al Anderson's B 

Blake's Ocoya Creek 

locality (1855) 

Mollusks from well cort:s 

lJ'IGURE !).-Principal outcrop and subsurface occurrences of Miocene molluscan assemblages referred 

to in text. 

23 
24 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

the lower zones are from the Jewett Sand and appear 

to fall within the stratigraphic limits of· Anderson's 

"A zone" (1911). Their lowest zone, a fossiliferous 

pebble bed containing "Pecten" magnolia, was considered to be definitely "Vaqueros" in age (Loel and 

Corey, 1932, p. 93). Three overlying zones, the "Orepidtttla, Dentali'lt'ln, Pecten perrini-pine-cone zone," the 

"Ttttrritella inezana cf. sespeensis zone," and the 

"Ost1·ea aff. eldridgei, Pecten aff. ses1Jeensis zone" were 

assigned to their "Vaqueros-Temblor transition zone." 

Their "Vedder Sands" were mistakenly included in 

this part of the section and, contrary to Loel and 

Corey's statement ( 1932, p. 93), do not carry a "lower 

Temblor fauna." Their Ttttrritella inezana zone, recognized only in the subsurface from "cores taken about 

200 feet below top of Vedder Sands" (Loel and Corey, 

1932, p. 99), is likewise out of normal stratigraphic 

position and should not be taken as an extension of the 

range of T. inezana above the basal part of the Jewett 

Sand. The t'vo uppermost "Temblor-Monterey" zones, 

the "Oon'lts, Fic'lts, Troplwn, B1·ucla'rkia zone" and the 

"T'lt?•ritella ocoyana, T'ltrritella ocoyana bosei zone," 

are fron1 the uppermost part of the Olcese Sand and 

the upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, respectively. 

GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 

Gastropods occur in abundance only in certain parts 

of the l\iiocene section, principally in fine-grained 

sands deposited in an i1mer sublittoral environment 

presumably below the zone of vigorous marine abrasion, which is limited to about 5 fathoms (Bradley, 

1958). Pelecypods occur in abundance in a broad range 

of depositional environments, including coarse-grained 

shallow-water sands and outer sublittoral or shelf 

muddy sediments such as the Freeman Silt. Principal 

gastropod-bearing units are: (1) the lower 100 feet of 

the Jewett Sand, (2) the lower part of the Olcese 

Sand, ( 3) the upper part of the Olcese Sand and basal 

part of the Round lVIountain Silt, ( 4) the middle part 

of the Round Mountain Silt, and ( 5) the uppermost 

part of the Round ~1ountain Silt above the shark-tooth 

and bone bed (fig. 9). In these parts of the marine 

section, gastropods and pelecypods are usually concentrated in relatively thin beds. Fossiliferous strata 

in the lower part of the Round ~1ountain Silt are 

lenticular and are usually less than 3 inches ·thick; in 

other parts of the marine section they reach a thickness 

of a foot or more. 

The fauna of the Jewett Sand is distinctly different 

from assemblages representative of comparable shallow-water environments higher in the section. Included are several middle Tertiary taxa of northern 

aspect: Epitoni'ltm clallamense, Priscof'ltS'lts 1nedialis, 

P. genic'ltlus, Psephaea 1.oeaveri, 11/ edim·go 1nathe1.osoni, 

TrichotTopis spp., and 11/ ytil1.ts ?niddendorffi. This is 

the southernmost occurrence of these mollusks; only 

one of them, P. medialis, ranges any higher in the local 

stratigraphic section. The few mollusks known from 

the Freeman Silt-Acila, Oycloca1•dia, Delectopecten, 

f{athe?·inella, and P. 1n~dialis-suggest a relatively 

. deeper, outer sublittoral environment. The small assemblages in the lower part of the Olcese Sand include a 

few taxa that are not found elsewhere in the I\:ern 

River ~1iocene but are, for the 1nost part, very similar 

to stratigraphically higher assemblages. ~1any commonly occurring species in the I( ern River section are 

restricted to certain parts of the stratigraphic sequence 

(table 1). Although the stratigraphic ranges of these 

species may be useful for correlation with other sections in the southern part of the San Joaquin basin, in 

other Miocene basins of deposition some of these have 

different stratigraphic ranges. 

Notable in collecting is the tendency for one species 

to be exceedingly abundant at a given locality or perhaps in several nearby localities from the same bed. 

Tivela, for example, is very abundant in a sand at the 

top of the Olcese Sand near Poso Creek. Oon'ltS is likewise extremely abundant at a locality near the top of 

the Round J\1ountain Silt west of the juncture of 

Cottonwood Creek and l(ern River. T'lt?•ritella ocoyana 

and Tivela maintain their numerical dominance in a 

fossiliferous bed for several miles of exposure, but in 

other beds, such as exposures of the basal part of the 

J ew~tt Sand from Pyramid Hill northward to ~1oore 

Canyon, the faunal composition changes rapidly along 

strike. 

For the most part the fossil accumulations represent 

level-bottmn molluscan associations that lived on sandy 

substrates. The occurrence of shells in layers suggests 

that they were death assemblages concentrated by current action or perhaps were accumulated approximately in place during periods of slow deposition. At 

all events the composition of the assemblages does not 

suggest appreciable mixing of mollusks from different 

environmental associations. There are marginal marine 

assoeiations in the upper part of the Olcese Sand that 

include the brackish-water pelecypod Oorbimtla and 

scattered specimens of the large elongate oyster Orassost1·ea ashleyi (Hertlein). Mollusks representing a 

muddy, outer sublittoral environment occur in the 

Freeman Silt and in the lower part of the Round 

Mountain Silt. They ordinarily occur scattered 

throughout massive sandy siltstone in associations that 

seem to be unaffected by current or downslope transport after death. 
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 25 

TAnLm !.-Stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene gastropods in the 

Kern River-Bakersfield area 

Lower 

"Vaqueros 

Stage" I 

Species 

'0 

d 

<11 

00 

.... 

~ 

:::: 

~ 

..... 

Dioclora (J)ioclora) n. sp _____________ x 

Dioclora'! n. sp --------------------- x 

1'egulct ( Om11hal11£s) clalli arnolcli 

.... 

00 

I: 

<11 

§ 

~ 

~ 

--

Miocene 

Middle "Temblor 

Stage" I 

Olcese Round 

Sand Mountain 

Silt 

~---- ------

~ .... t: 

<11 Q. ~ ~ ~ Q. Q. Q. Q. 

~ ~ ... ... .... :a ~ Q, ~ 

:::: '0 Q. :::: Q. 

0 

~ Q. 0 Q. 

~ p ~ p 

-----------

Addlcott, n. subsp ___________________________________ X 

1'egulct ( Omphalius) laevis Addicott, 

Upper 

~ 

·~ d 

~.9 <11 .... 

;:g;s 

<11E 

.... o §~ 

00 

---

n. SP----------------------------- ------ ------ ________ X ______ ------ -------

Giblmla (1'mnulus?) baileyi Addicott n. SP------------------------ ------ __________________ X ______ ------- Calliostoma carsoni Addicott, n. sp __ ------ ______________ X ____________ -------

Calliostoma sp. A------------------- x ______ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ ------- Calliostom~ sp.13 ••................. x ------ ________ ---- ------ ------ ------- Astraea (Pomcmlax) n. SP----------- ------ ------ ________ X ------ ------ -------

Astraect (Pomaulax) bianoulata 

(Oabb) •• ------------------------- ------ ------ ---- ____ X Nerita (1'heliostyla?) joaquinensis 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- ------ __________________ x Lacuna car1Jenteri Anderson and 

l\•rartln _______________________________________________ X ------ ______ -------

Vitrinella (Vitrinello1Js) lens (Keen).------------ ________ X X ______ ------- 1'mritella mooclyll\·leniam ... __ .. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ X ____________ _ 

1'nrrltella kernensis Addicott, n. sp -·---- ------ ________ X X ____________ _ 

1''1£rrilella ( 1'orcula) cr. 1'. ( 1'.) 

inezcma Conrad •••••....•.....••.. 

1'urrftella ( Torcula) inezana 1Jervulgata i\•Ierrimn. _ ...••....•. __ ... 

1'nrrltella (1'orcula?) cr. 1'. (1'.?) 

X2 -------------------------------------

1Jaclronesensis Grant and Eaton ___ ------------ ________ X 

1urrllellct ocoycma ConmcL ••....... ------ ______ X X X X 1'uritclla ocoyana romm topangensis i\'lerrh\m ______________________ ------ ------ ________ X X 

Cerlthi01Jsis ali. C. 81£bgloriosa 

l3aker, .Hanna and Strong ________ ------ ------ ________ X 131ttlnm to7Jcmgensis (Amold) _______ X3 ______________ X 

Batlllctrfct ocoycmu (Anderson and 

l\ofartln). _ ---.• ----............ --. _. __________ . .. . X X 

.IJ.'1Jitonlmn (Cirsotrema) clullamense 

Durhtlm •• - ---------------------- X .lt?Jitonium (Cirsotrema) posoense 

Anderson and i\·lartin __________________ ------ ________ X 

1~'1Jitonimn ( Gyroscala) barkerianmn 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- ____________________ X 

E7Jitonium (Nitidiscala) teclforcli 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- _ _____ ______ ____ ____ X X 

01JCLliCI (H1£gatiscalct) 1villiamsoni 

(Anderson t\IHI Martin) ___________ ------ ______________ X X 

Scalfna clurlwmi (Keen) ____ -------- ------ ------ ____________ X 

Scallnctwllltel (Keen) _______________ ------ ------ ________ X X 

E''l£llma gabbicmct (Anderson and 

lVIt\l'tln). ____ ........ ____ ......... _____ . __ .... ___ . ___ . X 

Balcis conchitct Keen ________________ ------ ------ ________ X 

Balcislutzi Addicott, n. sp _________ ------ ------ ________ X 

Balcls1Jetrolfct Addlcott, n. SP------ ------ ------ ________ X 

Balcls cf. B. olclroycli Bnrtsch _______ ------ ______________ X 

Niso unt/selli Anderson and i\1artin. ------ ------ _______ _ X 

Nlso cottonwooclensis Addicott, n. 

SP·------------------------------- ____________________ X 

1'rlchotr01Jis tricarinata Addlcott, n. 

sp ____ --------------------------- _ X 

Trichotropls sp. _ --------....... ___ . X 

Sec footnotes nt end of table. 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

TABLE I.-Stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene gastropods in the 

Kern River-Bakersfield area-Continued 

Miocene 

Lower Middle "Temblor 

"Vaqueros 

Stage" 1 

Stage" 1 Upper 

Species Olcese Round 

Sand Mountain 

Silt 

~ '0 .... 

:::l ~d 

~ .... .... ~ 00 ~ ~ ~ ~ r;:3 00 I: Q. <11 Q. Q. Q. Q. ...,<1! .... s 1;:; ~ 1;:; ... ... ~ :a ~ ~ 

E~ ~ ~ 

~ '0 Q. ~ Q. 

~ 0 

~ Q. 0 Q. a~ ..... ~ ~ p ~ p 00 

--------------- Calyptraeajilosa (Oabb) _______________________ ---- ____ X x ______ -------

Calyptraea coreyi Addicott, n. sp ___ x ________ ---- ------ ------ ------- Calyptraea mamillaris Broderip _________________________ cf. ____________ X 4 

Calyptraea (Trocllita) cf. C. (T.) 

spirata (Forbes).~---------------- x 

Crucibulum cf. C. scutellatum 

(Wood) _______________________________________ ------------ X 

Crucibulum (Dispotaea) papulum 

Addicott, n. sp _______________________________ ---- ---- ---- X ------ -------

Crepiclula bractea Addicott, n. sp _______________ ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Crepiclulaprinceps Conrad _________ x ______ X ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Crepidula rostralis (Conrad)-------- ___ _ _ _ ______ X X X X _____ . -------

Crepiclvla cC. C. aculeata (Omelin) ___ ------ ------ ---- ---- ---- X ------ -------

Natica (Natica) teglandae Hanna 

and Hertlein _________________________________ ---- ---- X X 

Natica (Naticarius?) posuncula 

Hanna and Hertlein.------------ ------ ______ ---- ---- X X 

Polinices victoriana Clark and Arnold.---------------------------- X cf. X X X 

NevMita ( Glossaulax) andersoni 

(Clark) __ ------------------------ X X X X Neverita (Glossaulax) alta Arnold _______________ ---- ---- X 

Neverita (Glossaulax)jamesaeMoore _ ____________ ---- ---- X 

Neverita (Glossaulax) n. sp.? -------- ------ ______ ---- ~--- X 

Sinum scopulosu,m (Conrad)_------ X ______ ---- ---- X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

Cynwtiun~n.sp __________________________ -------------- X -------------------

Mediaroo dilleri (Anderson and 

l\1artin ___________________________ ------ ------ ---- ---- X ------ ------ -------

Mediaroo mathewsoni (Oabb) _______ x ______ ---- ---- X ------ ------ -------

Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana 

Cooper. _____ -- .. ----------------- X ------ X X X X X X 

Ceratostoma? aff. C. perponderosum 

(Dall) ____________________________ X ------ -------------------------------

ForreriacancellaroidesArnold _______ ------ ______ ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Forreria emersoni Addicott, n. sp ___ X ------ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Ocenebrawilkesana (Anderson) _____ cf. ------ ---- ---- X ------ ------ X 4 

Ocenebragabbiana (Anderson) ______ ------ ______________ X ------ ------ -------

Ocenebra trophonoicles (Anderson and Martin) ______________________ X -------------- X X 

Ocenebra mi licentana (Loci and 

Corey) ___________________________ X ------ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Ocenebra clarki Addicott, n. sp _____ ------ ------ ---- ____ X ------ ------ -------

OcenebratopanoensisArnold ________ X ______ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Ocenebra SP------------------------- X ------ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Trophon (Austrophon) kernensis 

Anderson._---------------------- X ------ X X X X X 

Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis 

medialis Addicott, n. subsp_______ X ______ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Typhis (Talityphis) lampada Keen __ ------ ------ ---- ____ ---- X ------ -------

1'hais (Nucella) packi Clark ________ X ------ ---- X ---- ------ ------ -------

Thais (Thaisella) eclmondi (Arnold)_ ? ______ ---- ____ X X ------ -------

Thais (Thaisella) blakei Anderson 

and Martin _______________________ -----. ______ ---- ____ X ------ ------ -------

Morula (Morunella) granti Addicott, n. sp ____________________________________ ---- ____ X ------ ------ -------

Anachis (Costoanachis) watsonae 

Keen·-------------------~------------------------ ____ ---- X 

Strombina SP----------------------- ------ ______ ---- ____ ---- X Mitrella anchuela Keen _____________ ---------------- ____ X X 
26 MIOCENE" GASTROPODS ''AND" BIOSTRATIGRAPHY; KERN 'RIVER' AREA; CALIFORNIA" 

TABLE !.-Stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene gastropods in the 

Kern River-Bakersfield area-Continued 

Species 

Mitrella (Columbellopsis) alta AddiLower "Vaqueros 

Stage" I 

"0 ~ 

.::. ii.i U1 "' d 

"' .... § ..., 

<ll 

::: 

<ll ~ ~ ~ 

----

~ 

.... 

"' 0. 

1;3 

::: 

0 

H 

Miocene 

Middle "Temblor 

Stage" I 

Olcese 

Sand 

~ 

.... 

"' 0. 

<ll 

:a 

"0 

~ 

~ 

a 

0. 

.... 

<ll 

0. 

0. 

~ 

Round 

Mountain 

Silt 

~ ~ 

a a 0. 0. .... .... <ll <ll 

~ 0. 0 0. 

H ~ 

- --- -----

Upper 

~ 

·~ d 

.,..., 

~.9 

::s"' 

~0 

"'§ 

§~ 

U1 

---

cott, n. SP------------------------ ____________ ---- ____ X __________________ _ 

Bruclarkia barkeriana (Cooper)5 ____ X X X X X X 

Bruclarkia oregonensis (Conrad) ________________ X ____ X __________________ _ 

Bruclarkia yaquinana (Anderson · 

and Martin)______________________ X ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Kelletia lorata Addicott, n. sp ___________________ ---- ____ X X ____________ _ 

Kelletia posoensis (Anderson and 

Martin)_------------------------- X 

Calicantharus kernensis (Anderson 

and Martin) __________________________________ ---- ____ X X 

Calicantharus rancherianus Addicott, n. sp________________________ X 

Calicantharus woodfordi Addicott, n. sp _________________________________________ ---- cf. X X 

Calicantharus cf. C. kettlemanensis 

(Arnold) _____________________________________ ------------ X ------ ______ _ 

Macron aethiops (Reeve) ________________________ X ---- ---- __________________ _ 

Triumphis1 n. SP------------------- ______ ______ X ---- ---- ------ ______ · -------

Molopophorus anglonanus (Anderson) _____ -------------------------- X X X 

Antillophos posunwlensis (Anderson and Martin)__________________ cf. X X X X' A ntillophos woodringi Addicott, n. 

SP-------------------------------- X ------ ------ ------- Nassarius (Catilon) arnoldi (Anderson)______________________________ ______ ______ ____ ? X X ------ cf.' 

Nassarius (Phrontis) smooti Addicott. ----------------------------- ____________ ---- ---- X ______ cf. 

Nassarius (Phrontis) harrellensis 

Addicott, n. SP------------------- ____________ ---- ---- ---- X 

Nassarius (Phrontis) ocoyanus (Anderson and Martin)_------------- ____________ ---- ---- X X 

Nassarius (Phrontis1) posoensis 

Addicott, n. SP------------------- ------ ______ X ---- ---- ------ ------ ------- Priscofusus oeniculus (Conrad) _____ X ______ ---- __________________________ _ 

Priscofusus medialis (Conrad)_---- X X ---- ---- ---- ------ ______ -------

Mitra (Atrimitra) andersoni Addicott, n. SP------------------------ ____________ ---- ---- X X 

Psephaea (Miopleiona) weaveri (Tegland) ____________ ----------------- X 

Psephaea (Miopleiona) cr. P. (M.) 

indurata (Conrad)________________ ______ X s ________ ---- __________________ _ 

Cancellaria (Euclia) condoni (Anderson)_------------------------- ------ ------ ·--- ? 

Cancellaria (Euclia) dalliana (AnX X 

derson) ____ ----------------------· ------ ------ X ------ ------ ------- Cancellaria (Euclia) circumspinosa 

Addicott, n.sp _______________________________ ---- ---- X X 

Cancellaria (Euclia) ocoyana Addicott, n. sp _____ . _______ -- .. --. ___ . _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ X cf. X X 

Cancellaria (Euclia) oregonensis Conrad ________________________ ... ______ . ____ . X X ------ ------ -------

Cancellaria (Euclia) simplex Anderson __________ ... ----.----.--.-.. __ ... . . .. .. X X X X cf. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) joaquinensis 

Anderson _____ .----------------. ----.- ------ X ------ ------ X' 

Cancellaria (Euclia) pacifica Anderson ... ------------------------- ------ ------ ---- ---- X X cf.' 

See footnotes at end of table. 

TABLE !.-Stratigraphic occurrence of Miocene gastropods in the 

Kern River-Bakersfield area-Continued 

Miocene 

Lower Middle "Temblor 

"Vaqueros Stage" 1 Upper 

Stage" 1 

Olcese Round 

Sand Mountain Species 

Silt 

"0 ~ ~ ii.i ..., ~ ~ ~ ~ "'~ d .... .... a a ~.9 "' d "' "' ~~ U1 "' 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. ~ 

~ .... <ll .... .... .... ~ <ll :a <ll <ll <ll <ll ~ 0. ~ 0. ~0 ::: "0 <ll 0. 0. §~ ~ 0 

~ ~ 0 ~ H H ~ U1 

·----- -----------

Cancellaria (Euclia?) nevadensis 

Anderson and Martin. __ • ____ · __________________ -- __ -- X X cf.• 

Cancellaria (Pyruclia) lickana Anderson and Martin ____________________________ ---- .. .. X ______ ------ X 4 

Cancellaria (Coptostoma) posunculensis Anderson and Martin. _________________ . --- ---- X .. ---- ------ --- ---· 

Cancellaria dalli (Anderson and 

Martin).-- ______ .. __________ ----- ____________ ---- ---- X X 

Cancellaria (Crawfordina) kernensis 

Addicott, n. sp _______________________________ ---- ---- ---- X ------ X 

Cancellaria (Barkeria) sanjosei Anderson and Martin ____________________________ ---- ---- ---- X 

Cancellaria (Narona) birchi Addicott, n. sp ____________________________________ ---- ---- ---- X ------ -------

Cancellaria keenae Addicott, n. sp •• ____________ ---- ---- ---- X ------ -------

Cancellaria galei Addicott, n. sp ____ X ______ ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Oliva (Oliva) californica Anderson ___ cf. ______ ---- X X X X 

Oliva (Oliva) n. sp.? ____________________________ ---- ---- X ------ ------ -------

Olivella (Olivella) ischnon Keen _________________ -------- X X ------ -------

Olivella sp ... ______________ .... __ ___ X . --.-- ---- ---- ---- ------ ------ -------

Conus (Chelyconus) owenianus An- derson ________________________________________ ---- ? X X X 

Conus (Lithoconus) hayesi Arnold ... ____________ ---- ---- ---- .... -- X 

Terebra (Terebra) cooperiAnderson .. ____________ ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Terebra (Terebra) n.sp _____________ ______ ------ ---- ---- X ------ ------ -------

Terebra (Fusoterebra?) adelaidana 

Addicott,n.sp _________________________ -------------- X X 

Terebra (Strioterebrum) stirtoni Addicott, n. sp ______________________ ------ -~---- ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Terebra (Strioterebrum) n. sp.? ______ .. ____ ...... ---- ---- X ------ ------ -------

Hastula gnomon Keen •• ------------ ------ ------ ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Polystira englishi Addicott, n. sp __________ . __ --. ---- ---- X ------ -------

Xenuroturris antiselli (Anderson 

and Martin) ______________________ ? ------ ---- ---- X X 

Turricula ochsneri (Anderson and 

Martin) ______________________________________ ---- cf. X X ------ X' 

Turricula piercei (Arnold) __________ --- ___ X X cf. 

Turricula? buwa_ldana (Anderson 

and Martin) ______________________ -- __ ... ----- ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Kne[astia oarcesana Addicott, n. sp _____ -- ------ ---- ---- ---- ------ X 

Megasurcula condonana (Anderson 

and Martin) ________ .. __ --. __ --.-- X X X ---- ------ ------ -------

Megasurcula howei Hanna and 

Hertlein ________________________ -- --- __ . ------ X X X 

Megasurcula keepi (Arnold)_.----.-- ------ ------ ---- ---- X 

Megasurcula wvnoocheensis tWeaver). ------ ------ ---- ---- X 

Crassispira olcesensis Addicott, n. sp. ------ ------ ---- ---- X 

Ophiodermella temblorensis (Anderson and Martin). ________________ -----------· X ---- X 

Ophiodermella electiliS (Keen) _______ ------ ------ ---- ---- ----

Mangelia (Notocytharella) kernensis 

(Anderson and Martin) ___________ ------ ----- X 

Mangelia (Notocytharella?) hartensis 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

------ cf.' 

Addicott, n. sp ------------------- ------ -----

Mangelia (Agathotoma) howei AnderX ------ ------ -------

son and Martin _____________________ ------------ ---- ---- X 

Glyphostoma carinata Addicott, n. 

SP--------------------------------- ------ ----- ---- ---- X 

Acteonboulderanus Etherington ______ ------------ ---- ---- X 
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 27 

TABLl~ !.-Stratigraphic occw'1'ence of !lfiocene gastropods in the 

Kern River-Bakersfield area-Continued 

Species 

Lower "Vaqueros 

Stage" 1 

.... "0 

c: U3 c:o 

cr.J c: 

c:o .... § ~ 0) ~ 

..... ~ 

t! 

c:o 

c. 

.... 

0) 

~ 0 

.....::l 

Miocene 

Middle "1'cmblor 

Stage" 1 

Olccso 

Sand 

t! 

c:o 

c. 

0) 

:; 

~ ~ 

~ c. 

~ c. 

c. 

:::> 

Round 

Mountain 

Silt 

~ .... 

.... 

c:o c. c. .... .... 0) 0) 

!:!: c. 0 c. .....::l :::> 

Upper 

~ 

·~ t:: 

~.~ c:o<-> 

;:gc:o 

"'§ 

.... 0 

~~ 

cr.J 

----------------------·-----

Acteon (JUctaxis) weaver! Addlcott, 

n. SP----------------------------- ------ ------ ____ ____ ____ X 

Bnllina SP-------------------------- ------ ------ ____ ____ X X 

Bnllt£ cantuaensis Anderson and 

Martin ___________________________ ------------ ____________ X 

J/mnfnoea virescens SowerbY-------·· ------ ------ ____ ____ X 

Sca1Jiw.nder }nottlttris (Conrad)______ cf. ------ ____ ____ X X 

Cylicluw? lolsmartinae Keen ________ ------------ ________ X 

Cyliclma temblorensls Keen _________ ------------ ________ X X 

Snlcoretu.~a? lsraelskyi Addlcott, n. 

SP-------------------------------- ------ ------ ---- ---- X X ------ ------- Volvnlella olmna Keen ______________ ------ ------ ---- ---- X X ------ -------

Volvulella joaquinensls Addlcott, n. 

SP-------------------------------- ------ ------ ---- ---- ---- X ------ ------- Pyrmnidella (J~onochtHms) coO]Jeri 

Anderson and Mmtln ____________ ------ ------ ________ X X ------ -------

Pymnldelln (Syrnola) ochsneri (AndOI·son and Martin) _______________ ------ ------ ____ ____ X X ____________ _ 

Odostomit£ (Chrysallilltt?) sertttoiana 

Adclicott, n. SP------------------- ------ ------ -··-- ____ X __________________ _ 

Odostomla (Chrysallida?) n. sp.? ___ ------ ------ ____ ____ X ____________ -------

Odostomla (13elsa) rotnndomontana 

(Kocn) •• ------------------------- ------ ------ ____ ____ ____ X ____________ _ Odostomla (Menestho) rc]Jenninoi 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- ______ ------ ____ ____ X __________________ _ 

Odo.~tomla (lEva.lea) anrlersoni 

Dtutsch __________________________ ------ ------ ---- ____ X X ______ ? 4 

Odostomla (E'vrtlea) alT. 0. (E'.) rlonilla Dall and Bartsch _____________ ------ ------ ____ ____ X __________________ _ 

Orlostomla (Evulea) SP-------------- ------ ------ ________ X __________________ _ Odostomla (E'velea?) n. sp.? --------- ------ ------ ________ X ------ ______ -------

'l'urbonillt£ (Chemnltzla) n. sp _______ ------ ------ ____ ____ X ------ ______ -------

'l'·ttrbonilla (Chemnftzitt) /,annal Addlcott, n. SP---------------------- ------ ------ ____ ____ X __________________ _ 

'l'urbonilla (Chemnitzla?) n. sp ______ ------ ------ ____ ____ X ------ ____________ _ 

'l'urbonilltt (Pyrgisctts) bravoensis 

Keen ••• -------------------------- ------ ------ ____ ____ x· X ______ -------

'l'nrbonilla (Pvrolsws) llormigawesta 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- ------ ------ ·--- ____ X 'l'urbonillt£ (Pyrglsws) n.·sp ________ ------ ------ ________ X 

'l'·urbotiilla (Puroolam]Jros) mari1Josa J{ccn _____________________________ ------ ------ ____ ____ X X 

'l'ttriJOnilla (Ptycheulimella) edisonensis Addlcott, n. sp. __ ---------- ------ ------ _______ _ X 

'J'urbonlllt£ ( 'l'mgnla) oreenhornensis 

Addlcott, n. SP------------------- __________ .. _ ____ ____ X 

I Provincial stages or tho Pac!Hc coast megafauna\ classification (Weaver and others, 

1!)44). 

?. SubsurftlCO occurrence In undcl'lying Vedder Sand. 

a Heported by Loot and Corey (1!)32, p. !)6). 

4 Subsurftlcc occurrence ncar Bakersfield, Calif. (Gale in Preston, 1!)31). 

a Includes specimens rcfQrable to Bmclarkia barkeriana forma santacruzana 

(Arnold). · 

G Snbsurrnce occurrence In Frccman-Jowct.t Silt by Matthews (1!)55) ncar Edison 

Calif. (p. 416). 

TABLE 2.-Species listed by earlier workers that were not recognized 

during this investigation 

Species Report source 

Agasoma sinuatum Gabb _________________ Anderson (1905). 

Natica (rel. N. lewisi Gould) _____________ Anderson (1911). 

N everita callosa Gab b. 

Calliostoma splendens (Cooper)_--- ________ Loel and Corey 

Calliostoma diabloensis Clark. 

Olivella pedroana (Conrad). 

Olivella subpedroana Loel and Corey. 

Fissurella rixjordi Hertlein. 

Turritella temblor ens is Wiedey. 

Polinices recluzianus Deshayes. 

Ficus (Ficus) modestus (Conrad) Stewart?. 

Melongena calijornica Anderson and 

Martin. 

Melongena sanjuanensis Anderson and 

Martin. 

N assarius antiselli (Anderson and Martin) . 

Thais panzana Anderson and Martin. 

(1932)-

Calliostoma cf. C. diabloensis Clark________ Keen (1943). 

N assarius antiselli (Anderson and Martin). 

N everita callosa (Gab b). 

The early and middle ~1iocene molluscan faunas of 

the l(ern River area are indicative of shallow-water 

marine climates much warmer than exist at tlll.s latitude tochty. The early ~iiocene fauna contains a Inixture of tropical and subtropical mollusks. The wannwater element includes such gastropods as Turritella 

(To1·c~tla), Ficus, Oliva, and Antillophos, and in addition a few pelecypod genera, all of which are now restricted to the subtropical and tropical Surian ( Valentine, 1966) and Panamic molluscan provinces of the 

eastern Pacific Ocean. The fauna also includes several 

mollusks known only fr01n northerly, presumably 

cooler, early ~iiocene assemblages along the Pacific 

coast. Such gastropods as A! olozJophormts, Psephaea 

(AfiozJleiona), P1·iscoj'l.t8'Lt8, A!edim·go, and T1ichotropis 

and the pelecypod A! ytil1ts 1niddendo1·ffi occur no 

farther south in early ~iiocene assemblages but range 

northward to Oregon, 'Vashington, and Alaska. Their 

predominantly extropical zoogeographic distribution is 

suggestive, therefore, of identification with a warm 

temperate early ~Eocene molluscan province. . 

In contrast with the early ~Iiocene fauna, the middle 

Miocene assemblages of the Barker's Ranch faunafrom the upper part of the Olcese Sand and the lower 

part of the Round ~fountain Silt-are of a wanner 

aspect. About a third of the gastropods are now living 

or have modern analogs in subtropical and tropical 

molluscan provinces of the eastern Pacifie Ocean. Included are many genera and subgenera that have not 
28 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

been previously reported from as far north as California. The larger percentage of taxa with warm-water 

affinities and the absence of a significant element of 

northward-ranging mollusks suggest that the middle 

Miocene seas of the southern San Joaquin basin were 

appreciably warmer than those of the early Miocene 

and that there was at least a local warm pulse in the 

progressive Cenozoic cooling trend of the northeastern 

Pacific Ocean. (Addicott, 1968). 

JEWETT SAND 

The lowest stratigraphic occurrence of marine mollusks in exposed formations in the Kern River area is 

in the basal conglomeratic sandstone of the Jewett 

Sand. Principal localities are on the southwest slope of 

Pyramid Hill north of Pyramid Road ( SWV! sec. 

14 and SE14 sec. 15, T. 28 S., R. 29 E.), where the 

Jewett Sand lies unconformably on greenish-white siltstone, claystone, and sandstone of the Walker Formation. This distinctive basal unit, the so-called grit zone 

of the subsurface Pyramid Hill Sand Member (Ferguson in Weaver and others, 1944), is about 11 feet 

thick at USGS locality M1591 at Pyramid Hill (fig. 

9). Although material from 14 localities in the lower 

100 feet of the Jewett Sand is available for study, 

ne.arly all of the mollusks from this part of the formation are in the collection from USGS locality M1591. 

Included in the molluscan fauna from the lower part 

of the Jewett Sand are 46 gastropod taxa, ·many of 

which occur no higher in the local marine section 

(table 3). 

Only a few widely scattered gastropods have been 

collected from the upper part of the Jewett Sand. They 

are so few in number and poorly preserved as to be of 

little use in biostratigraphic characterization of this 

part of the formation. There are, however, many oyster 

beds in the upper part of the Jewett Sand (fig. 9). 

Where favorably exposed they can be mapped as key 

beds. The dominant faunal element is the small oyster 

Ostrea eldridgei yneziana Loel and Corey. A small 

pectinid, Ohlamys hertleini Loel and Corey, is commonly found associated with the oysters. Both species 

appear to be restricted to this part of the formation. 

P1isco frttsus 1nedialis (Conrad) , one of the gastropods 

characteristic of the lower part of the Jewett Sand at 

Pyramid Hill, is reported as a commonly occurring 

species in cores of the Jewett Sand from Round Mountain field. (This gastropod was reported as "F1tsinus 

co?'p'Ltlent'Lts" by Rogers, 1943, p. 582.) The small pelecypods Oyclocardia subtenta (Conrad) and Acila conradi (Meek) are also listed by Rogers. 

TABLE 3.-Gastropods from the lower part of t-he Jewett Sand 

[Species marked with an astrisk ( *) are restricted to this part of 

the formatiO'n] 

* Diodora n. sp. 

• Diodom? n. sp. 

*Calliostoma sp. A 

*Calliostoma sp. B 

.,Turritella cf. T. inezana Conrad 

"'Epitonittm cla.llamense Durham 

*Trichotropis tricarinata Addicott, n. sp. 

*Trichotropis sp. 

*Calyptraea coreyi Addicott, n. sp. 

Calyptraea cf. C. spirata (Forbes) 

Crepidula princeps Conrad 

Crep·idula sp. 

Neverita andersoni (Clark) 

Polinices victoriana Clark and Arnold 

Sinum scopulosum (Conrad) 

*Mediargo mathewsoni (Gabb) 

Ficu.s kerniana (Cooper) 

Ceratostoma? aff. C. perponderosum (Dall) 

* Forreria emersoni Addicott, n. sp. 

•ocenebra milicentana (Loel and Corey) 

Ocenebra topangensis (Arnold) 

Ocenebra trophonoides (Anderson and Martin) 

Ocenebra cf. 0. wilkesana (Anderson) 

Ocenebra sp. 

*Trophon kernensis medialis Addicott, n. subsp. 

Thais packi (Clark) 

Thais edmondi (Arnold)? 

Bruclarlcia barkeriana (Cooper) 

Bruclarkia barkeriana forma santacruzana (Arnold) 

*Bruclarkia yaquinana (Anderson and Martin) 

Bruclarkia sp. 

J(elletia posamsis (Anderson and Martin) 

*Calicantharus rancherianus Addicott, n. sp. 

llfolopophorus anglonantts (Anderson) 

Antillophos woodringi Addicott, n. sp.? 

J(elletia posoensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Nassarius? sp. 

*Priscotusus geniculus (Conrad) 

Priscotusus medialis (Conrad) 

"'Psephaea weaveri ( Tegland) 

*Cancellaria galei Addicott, n. sp. 

Oliva cf. 0. californica Anderson 

Olivella sp. 

Megasurcula condonana (Anderson and Martin) 

Xenurottwris anti.<Jelli (Anderson and Martin)? 

Scaphander cf. S. jugttlaris (Conrad) 

FREEMAN SILT 

Although megafossils have not been collected from 

surface exposures of the overlying Freeman Silt, which 

is a fine-grained foraminiferal siltstone unit with 

abundant fish scales, molds of small pelecypods have 

been observed in the field. Mollusks are reported from 

cores from early wells drilled in the Mount PosoRound Mountain area. Reports on cores from wells in 

the vicinity of Mount Poso field by Alex Clark (Dept. 

Geology, California Univ., Riverside, unpub. data, 

1930-35) indicate that the Freeman Silt contains an 
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 29 

association of small pelecypods dominated by Acila 

con'radi ( M:eek) , 0 ycloca1•dia sub tenta (Conrad) , and 

N~tc~tlana ochsne1•i (Anderson and Martin). Other commonly occurring mollusks are the pelecypods jJ[ acoma 

a1·ctata (Conrad), ill odiol~ts sp., Delectopecten peckha?ni ( Gabb), and /{ athe1inella ang~tstij1·ons (Conrad). One gastropod occurs regularly in cores: P?iscof~tsus 1nedialis (Conrad) (listed as "F~tsinus corp1tlent~ts (Conrad) ") . This species is a useful biostratigraphic index for the Jewett Sand and Freeman Silt 

as it does not seem to range higher in the !(ern River 

section. 

OLCESE SAND 

A small molluscan assemblage from the lower part 

of the Olcese Sand, principally from USGS localities 

l\11593 and l\11594 (fig. 9) and UCMP localities B1676 

and B1677, includes 20 gastropods (table 4). Wellpreserved megafossils are scarce in this part of the 

Olcese Sand. ''There present, they are invariably preserved in well-cemented calcareous sandstone concretions. There are only four species that do not range 

higher or lower in the !(ern River section: B1·uclarlcia 

o1·egonensis (Conrad), ill ac1·on aethiops (Reeve) , N assa?·i~ts lJosoensis n. sp., and T1i~t1nphis? n. sp. The 

genus ill am·on occurs in the middle part of the Olcese 

Sand (USGS loc. l\11698) and is doubtfully recorded 

from the upper part of the Round Mountain Silt. Excepting these species, all of which are known from only 

one locality, the faunal assemblage is indistinguishable 

from nssocintions higher in the Olcese Sand. Several 

species that are common in the upper part of the Olcese 

Snnd and the Round l\1ountain Silt make their initial 

nppearance in the lower p~rt of the Olcese Sand: Oanoellmia ocoyana n. sp., 0. simplex Anderson, Orepidula 

TABLE 4.-Gastropods from the lowet· part of the Olcese Sand 

T1trritella ocozmna Conrad 

C1·epicl1tla princeps Conrad 

Crepichtla 1·ostralis (Conrad) 

NeverUa anclersoni (Clark) 

Polinices cf. P. v'ictoriana Clark and Arnold 

Ficus l~cn~iana (Cooper) 

T1·ophon l.:entensis Anderson 

1Jr1tclat·lda barlce1"iana (Cooper) 

/Jntclm·l.:ia cf. B. barl.:criana forma santacr1tzana (Arnold) 

Bntclarlda o1·cgoncnsis (Conrad) 

l11ao1·on actldops (Reeve) 

711'imnphis? u. sp. 

Nassm·£1ts 1JOsocnsis Addlcott, n. sp. 

Canccllar·ia oooyana Addicott, n. sp. 

Cancellm·ia o1·egonensis Conrad 

Cancellaria sim.plea: Anderson 

Megas1trcula conclonana (Anderson and Martin) 

Megasurcula howci Hanna and Hertlein 

Ophiocle1·m.ella temblo1·ensis (Anderson and Martin) 

378-855 0-70-8 

rostralis (Conrad), Megasurcula howei Hanna and 

Hertlein, and T~t?·ritella ocoyana Conrad. 

The fossiliferous lower part of the Olcese Sand is 

separated from the abundantly fossiliferous upper part 

of the Olcese Sand by an interval of predominantly 

nonmarine sand and gravel here referred to as the 

middle part of the Olcese Sand. Marine interbeds occur 

at least locally in this unit, as shown by the classic 

l\1iocene locality on Poso Creek discovered by William 

Blake during the Pacific Railroad Surveys in 1853. 

Surprisingly Blake and his associates failed to find 

the prolific excellently preserved fossil beds of the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand that are exposed in the 

!(ern River drainage only a few miles to the south of 

their Poso Creek locality. In early wells farther basinward, such as near l\1ount Poso field, the Olcese Sand 

is wholly marine, as indicated by abundant marine 

mollusks in well cores throughout the formation (Alex 

Clark, Dept. Geology, California Univ., Riverside, unpub. data, 1930-35. USGS collections from what is 

here taken to be Blake's Poso Creek locality (USGS 

l\11698, fig. 9) include 21 gastropod taxa (table 4). 

vVere it not for the poor preservation (external molds 

in a loosely cemented to friable coarse-grained sand), 

a much larger molluscan assemblage probably could be 

secured from this locality. The poor condition of the 

foss~liferous material and the crude· drawings (Conrad, 

1857) have rendered practically all of the originally 

described gastropods unrecognizable, notable exceptions 

being T~tr1itella ocoyana and Scaphander jugula?is. 

vVith the exception of M egasurcula condonana 

(Anderson and l\1artin), all the gastropods range upward into the upper part of the Olcese Sand. The large 

TABLE 5.-Gastropods from the middle part of the Olcese Sand 

(USGS loc. jJJJ698) 

T1trritella ocoyana Conrad 

Batillaria ocoyana (Anderson and Martin) 

Crepid1tla rostralis (Conrad) 

Neverita andersoni (Clark) 

Polinices victor·iana Clark and Arnold 

Ficus lcerniana (Cooper) 

Trophon l.:ernensis Anderson 

Thais packi ( Clarl\:) 

Bruclc_z.rlcia barkeriana forma santacruzana (Arncld) 

Oalicanthants cf. C. woodfordi Addicott, n. sp. 

Macron sp. 

Nas8arius arnoldi (Anderson)? 

Cancellaria cf. 0. ocouana Addicott, n. sp. 

Cancellaria simplea: Anderson 

Oliva california Anderson 

Oonw~ oweniamts Anderson? 

Jli cga8u1·cu.la conflonana (Anderson and Martin) 

Jlfega .. 'Sm·culcb howc·i Hanna and Hertlein 

1''1/'rricu.la cf. '1'. ochsncri (Anderson andl\fartin) 

T·m·ricula l)ierce·i (Arnold)? 
30 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

pectinid V ertipecten nevadanttts (Conrad), presumably 

from this locality, has not been found higher in the 

Kern River Miocene sequence. Subsequent collections 

from this locality (USGS ~1:1698) produced several 

fragments of a large pectinid that may represent this 

species. The large pectinid embedded in a sandstone 

slab figured as Pecten catilliformis Conrad (1857, p. 

329, pl. 9, fig. 23) undoubtedly is Ly1•opecten magnolia 

Conrad ( 1857) , as first suggested by Grant and Gale 

(1931). Presumably it was collected at a point upstream from the principal Depot Camp locality where 

the lower Miocene Jewett Sand crosses Poso Creek. 

Blake's indication (1857, p. 171) that the poorly preserved cast' ·upon which this species was based had 

much larger ribs than P. nevadanus together with 

Conrad's figure, clearly suggests that it is L. 1nagnolia. 

However, a case can be n1ade for retention of Conrad's 

later name because the type of P. catilliformis is lost 

and the original illustration is too poor to permit unqualified identification. 

Good exposures of strata containing. the Barker's 

Ranch fauna occur in sec. 28, 32, and 33, T. 28 S., R. 

29 E. on the north side of I\:ern River upstream from 

Hart Park. This area encompasses outcrops cited by 

Anderson ( 1911) as the type locality for his B zone. 

USGS locality M1597 in this area (NEI4NE14 sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E.) contains most of the gastropods that 

have been found in this faunal unit. The thickness of 

the upper part of the Olcese Sand in this area is somewhat more than 100 feet; its stratigraphic limits are 

fairly well defined. In outcrop the lowermost fossiliferous strata are underlain by coarse crossbedded nonmarine sand and gravel of the middle part of the Olcese 

Sand. The upper limits are less well defined because 

the fossiliferous fine sands interfinger with siltstone 

referable to the Round Mountain Silt. Toward the 

southeast, the Barker's Ranch fauna is involved in an 

apparent lateral facies change from sand to sandy siltstone with thin fossiliferous interbeds of very fine 

sand. Accordingly, rocks mapped as the Round Mountain Silt on the south side of I\:ern River near the 

mouth of I\:ern River Gorge are the lateral equivalent 

of sand in the upper part of the Olcese Sand near Hart 

Park about 4 or 5 miles to the northwest. Although 

there are a few species unique to localities in the Round 

~1ountain Silt in this area, as might be expected, the 

faunal assemblages are quite similar to those in the 

type area of the Barker's Ranch fauna. There is, however, a notable change in the composition of the pelecypod faunal element wherein most of the large thickshelled species seem to be replaced by an association of 

small thin-shelled forms. Small gastropods also are 

characteristic of this assemblage but most of them are 

also represented in exposures near Hart Park to the 

northwest. 

The abundant well-preserved mollusks of the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand, initially reported by Cooper 

(in "'\V atts, 1894) , have long been known as the Barker's 

Ranch fauna. This assemblage extends into the lower 

part of the Round l\1ountain Silt at localities along 

I\:ern River from Hart Park to near the mouth of I\:ern 

River. Owing in large part to the unique conditions of 

preservation, this fauna contains an unusually large 

proportion, nearly 85 percent, of stratigraphically restricted gastropods. vV ell-preserved ornate gastropods 

such as Ll!olopophonts anglonanttt8 (Anderson), Bruclm·kia bm·keriana (Cooper), many species of Cancellaria, Antillophos pos1.tnc-ulensis (Anderson and ~1artin), T1·ophon ke1·nensis Anderson, and Fimts kerniana 

(Cooper) are characteristic of, but not restricted to, the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand and lower part of the 

Round l\1ountain Silt. About 100 collections from the 

University of California (Berkeley), the U.S. Geological Survey, and the U.S. National l\1useum and 

material borrowed from collections at the California 

Academy of Sciences, Stanford University, University 

of California (Riverside and Los Angeles), and the 

Los Angeles County ~1useum have yielded a fauna of 

147 gastropod taxa from the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand andlmYer part of the Round ~1ountain Silt. The 

gastropod fauna from the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand alone comprises 124 species. Some of the more 

commonly occurring gastropods (exclusive of melanellids and pyramidellids) that are restricted in stratigraphic occurrence to this part of the ~Eocene sequence 

are listed in table 6. 

TABLE 6.-Some gastropods 1·estricted to the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand and lower part ot the Rottnd Mountain Silt 

Tttrritella rnoodyi Merriam 

Batillaria ocoyana (Anderson and Martin) 

Sca.lina whitei (Keen) 

Cntcibulttm papttl·ztrn Addicott, n. sp. 

Mitrella anchttela Keen 

Ca.Ucanthants k.crnensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Nassaritts ocoyantts (Anderson and Martin) 

Cancellaria circurnspinosa Addicott, n. sp. 

Cancellaria condoni Anderson 

Cancellaria dalliana Anderson 

Cancellaria lickana Anderson and Martin 

Cancella·ria posttnettlcnsis Anderson and Martin 

Cancellaria joaqttinensis Anderson 

Terebra cooperi Anderson 

Terebra stirtoni Addicott, n. sp. 

j Tu.rrieula ochsneri (Anderson and Martin) 

I 

Tttrricula piercci (Arnold) 

Ophiodcrmella temblorensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Mangelia k.ernensis (Anderson and Martin) 
BIOSTRATIGRAPHY 31 

ROUND MOUNTAIN SILT 

~1ollusks o:f: the lmYer part of the Round Mountain 

Silt are included with assemblages from the upper part 

of the Olcese Sand in the Barker's Ranch fauna because of the small stratigraphic interval involved, about 

200 ~eet, ~nd the previously mentioned interfingering 

relatwnslnp between these formations. Excellent exposures of light-gray to chocolate-brown carbonaceous, 

sandy mudstone in the lower part of the Round ~fountain Silt occnr along J(ern River east of I-Iart Park. 

Near ~1ing Lake (1JC~1P locs. B1618 and B1619) and 

along Rn.ncheria Road (UC~1P loc. B1605), a small 

assemblage of well preserved mollusks containing 

lo~ally abundant A nada?'a os1nonti ( Dall) occurs in 

tlus part of the :formation. 

A widespread 'Tttt?''T'itella ocoyana bed occurs above 

the diatomaceous siltstone and shale of the Round. 

~fountain Silt :f:rom CottOinYood Creek northward to 

Poso Creek. This faunal unit probably is equivalent to 

Loel and Corey's "T'LtT?'itella ocoyana, T'Lt?'?·itella ocoyana bosei zones" (1932, p. 99), but because of their [assemblage] zones were not described in detail, the equivnJence is not certain. '!''his bed is probably 1nost fossilifer?us on the west side of Cottonwood Creek about 1112 

m1les s?uth of ICern River (sec. 13, T. 29 S., R. 29 E.) , 

where It occurs as a 2- to 5-foot-thick stratum of silty 

very fine sand overlying diatomaceous rock (USGS 

loc. ~11605). 

Gastropods occurring in this bed include several 

forms of T'u?··,itella ocoyana ( T. ocoyana forma bosei 

I-Iertlein and ,Jordan, T. ocoyana forma 'lvittichi Hertlein and .Jordan, and T. ocoyana forma topangensis 

~1erriam), N eve1·ita ande1woni (Clark) , 0 alicantha1·us 

'looodfm·di n. sp., and Oancella?ia sanjosei Anderson 

and ~1artin. Of these, 0. sanjosei is the only gastropod 

restricted stratigraphically to this part of the Round 

Mountain Silt. A flora of 80 species of diatoms was 

described from diatomaceous strata of the Round 

~1ountain Silt by IIanna ( 1932). ~1andra ( 1968) 

recently listed an assemblage of 11 silicoflagellates 

from the Round ~fountain Silt. 

The highest occurrence of Miocene mollusks in the 

marine section east of Bakersfield is near the top of the 

Round ~1ountain Silt. ~1ollusks occur in concretionary 

~andstone beds close to the top of a 60- to 75-foot sandy 

Interval at the top of the Round ~1ountain Silt along 

J(ern River. The base of this unit is defined by a fine 

to very fine sand, which contains abundant shark teeth 

and bone.s of marine mammals concentrated in a !-footthick stratum. This bed is so fossiliferous that it can be 

recognized in areas of poor exposure by its abundant 

fossil fioat. ~1ore than 50 species of vertebrates inc~uding sharks, turtles, birds, and 1narine and terrestrial 

mammals are known from this bed (Mitchell, 1966), 

Anderson (1911) including the bone bed and an overlying mollusk-bearing stratum in his C zone. He 

designated exposures at Sharktooth Hill north of Hart 

Park as the type locality. Additional 1naterial from 

Anderson's original mollusk locality at Sharktooth 

I-Iill and several collections from other localities near 

the confluence of Cotton\Yood Creek and J(ern River to 

the east have increased the gastropod assemblage from 

four to 22 taxa (table 7). The gastropod fauna of this 

p~rt of the Round ~fountain Silt is not significantly 

different from that of the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand, only two species f{nefastia ga1·cesana, n. sp. and 

0 onus hayesi Arnold, are not recorded from lower in 

the marine section. 

This faunal unit is most fossiliferous in the bluffs 

between J(ern Canyon Highway (State Route 178) and 

J(ern River (S'V1;4 sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E.) where 

three fossil beds occur in a 50-foot stratigraphic unit 

underlying the Santa ~1argarita Formation. Oon'LtS 

owenianus is the most abundant faunal element in that 

area. Better preserved fossils occur in southwest-trending gullies on t~1e south side of 1\:ern Canyon Highway 

about half a mile to the southeast. In this area, a bundant specimens of Dosinia 1neTTia1ni Clark occur in a 

sandstone ledge about 50 feet stratigraphically below 

the top of the Round ~1ountain Silt. 

Studies of the marine vertebrates of the shark-tooth 

and bone bed are summarized by Church ( 1958) and 

Mitchell (1965). Avian records from Sharktooth Hill 

were summarized by Howard (1966). 

TABLE 7. -Gast?'OJJO(lS j1·o1n the ttp]Jcr part ot the Ro·und llfo1tntain Silt above the sharlc-tooth and bone bed 

T1trritella ocoyana Conrad 

BatUlaria ocoyana (Anderson and Martin) 

ca.lyptraea sp. 

Neverita an(le1·son:i (Clark) 

Ficus kcrniana (Cooper) 

Trophon kenwnsis Anderson 

llfitrella anch1tela Keen? 

Brttclarli:ia barli:eriana (Cooper) 

Bruclarli:ia ba1·1i:eriana forma santacruzana (Arnold) 

'!Macron sp. 

AntUlophos posnnmtlensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Nassariw~ cf. N. smooti Acldicott 

Cancellm·ia cf. C. simplex Anclersou 

Cancellaria sp. 

Comts owenianus Anderson 

Conus hayesi Arnold 

Oliva caUto1·nia Anderson 

OUveUa sp. 

'l'erebra sp. 

Iinefastia gm·ccsana Adclicott, n. sr 

T1tr1'icula cf. T. piercei (Arnold) 

M egastt-rcula li:eepi (Arnold) 
32 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION 

Unfossiliferous sand mapped as the Santa l\1argarita 

Sand by Dibblee, Bruer, Hackel, and vVarne (1965) 

unconformably oYerlies the Round l\1ountain Silt along 

!{ern River. Sublittoral mollusks are commonly found 

in cores of the Sant3. l\1argarita Formation farther 

basinward. Hmvever, detailed faunal data are available 

only for wells near Fruitvale field about 3 miles west 

of Bakersfield (Gale in Preston, 1931; Grant and 

Gale, 1931), from which Gale listed an assemblage of 

55 mollusks of late l\1iocene age. Included were 25 

gastropods, more than half of which also occur in 

middle Miocene exposures of the J{ern River area 

about 12 1niles to the northeast (table 1) . 

Megafossils have been reported but not listed from 

the Santa Margarita Formation (or Fruitvale Sand 

of Ferguson, 1941) in several oil fields in this area: 

l\1ountain View (Miller and Bloom, 1937; Miller and 

Ferguson, 1943), J{ern Front (Edwards, 1943a), 

Edison (Edwards, 1943b), and !{ern Bluff (Corwin, 

1950). Additional mollusks, including the late l\1iocene 

guide fossil Aequipecten 1·ayrnondi (Clark) [=A. disc·us 

(Conrad) according to Hall and Corbato ( 1967, p. 

572)] were identified by Alex Clark (Dept. Geology, 

California Univ., Riverside unpub. data, 1930-35) from 

cores of the Santa l\1argarita Formation from wells in 

the l\1ountain View, Fruitvale, Edison, and !{ern River 

fields. l\1ost of the gastropods identified by Clark are 

either long-ranging forms or species that also occur in 

middle Miocene formations of the !(ern River area 

such as Antilloplws pos1t1w1tlensis (Anderson and Martin) [as P hos d1t1nblean1t8 (Anderson) J, N everita callosa (Gabb), N. andersoni (Clark), Fimts kerniana 

(Cooper) [as F. ocoyana (Conrad)]; Terebra cooperi 

Anderson, and Oliva californica Anderson. However, 

one gastropod, Oancellmia ]Jabloensis Clark, seems to 

be restricted to the upper Miocene. 

AGE AND POSITION IN THE PACIFIC COAST 

MEGAFAUNAL CHRONOLOGY 

In the interest of stability of nomenclature, the provincial chronostratigraphic classification and correlation with the European Tertiary of 'Veaver and others 

(1944) is provisionally followed in this report. Accordingly, the "Vaqueros Stage" is considered to be 

early Miocene, and the "Temblor Stage," middle Miocene. This treatment is followed 'vith the full realization that some microfauna! workers have long advocated adjustment, upwards, of the Oligocene-Miocene 

boundary in the Pacific coast chronolo{)"y (Schenck . b ' 

1935; l{leinpell, 1938; Schenck and Childs, 1942). 

Moreover, indications are that most Pacific coast foraminiferal specialists now place the Oligocene-l\1iocene 

boundary at or near the top of the Zemorrian Stage 

(I{leinpell and 'Veaver, 1963; Lamb, 1964; Lipps, 

1965, 1967; Rau, 1967; Bandy and Arnal, 1969). The 

boundary is thereby positioned near the middle of the 

biozone of the "Vaqueros" index species T1t1•1itella 

inezana 'vhich, iri terms of the microfauna! sequence, 

definitely ranges from the upper Zemorrian to the 

lower Saucesian. The Oligocene-l\1iocene boundary of 

the megafossil sequence is here placed at the base of 

the biozone of T. inezana which point is taken as the 

base of the "Vaqueros Stage" and probably corresponds 

to the middle of the Zemorrian Stage. Occurrences of 

T. inezana in lower Zemorrian strata are doubtful 

(Addicott, 1967b). 

It seems unlikely that correlation of benthic molluscan assemblages will ever permit accurate positioning of the European Oligocene-l\1iocene boundary in 

the Pacific coast middle Tertiary sequence. Part of the 

uncertainty is based upon disagreement among workers as to the original designation of the type l\1iocene 

in Europe. Secondly, and n1ore importantly, is the 

problem of endemism in the later Tertiary molluscan 

faunas. Because of this characteristic, it is difficult to 

correlate even between adjacent 1nid-Tertiary molluscan faunal provinces along the Pacific coast (Addicott, 1967 a) let alone from the eastern Pacific to the 

eastern Atlantic or l\1editerranean Ocean areas. Radiometric elating or paleontologic correlation by plank-. 

tonic organisms such as Foraminifera holds 1nuch 

promise in solving this problem. 

Lipps (1967) has correlated the California l\1iocene 

with tropical zones by means of planktonic Foraminifera, and the tropical zones, in turn, have been 

correlated by others with some of the European Miocene stages. Indeed, recent planktonic correlations furnish by far the most convincing paleontologic tie with 

the European Tertiary. However, some doubt is cast 

upon middle latitude-tropic correlation of planktonic 

by Bandy's discovery ( 1966) that the planktonic genus 

"O r b 1t l" ~na " appears a b out two stages ear 1· 1er 1n · southern 

latitudes (base of the Saucesian Stage) than in middle 

latitudes (base of the Luisian Stage). 

Radiometric age determinations semn to be the most 

promising tool for correlation with the European 

Tertiary. A recently completed study of the relationship of potassium argon dates to the Miocene benthonic 

foraminiferal chronology by Turner ( 1968) indicates 

that the boundary between the Zemorrian and Saucesian Stages of I{leinpell (1938) is about 22.5 million 

years. As previously ·indicated, this date would fall 

some,vhere near the middle of the biozone of T1trritella 

inezana, the early l\1iocene index fossil. The age of the 
AGE AND POSITION IN THE PACIFIC COAST MEGAFAUNAL CHRONOLOGY 33 

uppermost and lowermost occurrences of this species 

arc not known. IJ.owc,·cr, the highest stratigraphic 

occurrence is ncar t.hc middle of the Saucesian Stage 

and, as previously noted, the lowest, near the middle of 

the Zcmorr.ian Stage. I:t: the length of the Zemorrian 

Stage is of the same magnitude as the overlying 

Sauccsian Stage (about 7 million years according to 

T'tu11cr's dates), the bn.sc of the biozone of T. inezana 

may correspond to the base of the European ~~liocene 

as recognized by many workers-about 26 million years 

(I-Iarland and others, 10G4). In short, currently available radiometric ages do not require raising of the 

Ol.igoccne-M:ioccnc bqnndn,ry from its long recognized 

position in the Pacific coast megafauna] sequence of 

"rea ver and others ( 1944) . 

WALKER FORMATION 

The age oJ: marginal nonmarine strata mapped as 

the "\Valker Formation is based upon subsurface relationships with marine deposits occurring toward the 

west. The scattered nonmarine mollusks and plant remains found in exposures of the "r alker Formation 

(Dibblec and Chesterman, 1953) are not diagnostic of 

age. A ]ower age limit of middle Eocene is suggested, 

however, by the occurrence of mollusks referred to the 

"Domengine Stage" (Goudkoff in Addicott, 1956) in 

cores of marine strata that intertongue with the lower 

part of the "Talker Formation. Other workers utilizing benthic foraminiferal data from basinward marine 

:f:ormat.ions that intertongue with the vValker Formation consider the age to range from 1niddle or late 

Eocene to early ~1iocene (Church and l(rammes, 1957; 

Park and "\iV eddle, 1959; and Rudel, 1965). 

VEDDER SAND 

The widespread occurrence of Turritella inezana 

Conrad in cores of the Vedder Sand from the Mount 

Poso, Round Mountain, and Edison oil fields (Loel 

and Corey, 1932; Corey in Cushman and Laiming, 

1931; Addicott, 1967a; Alex Clark, Dept. Geology, California, Univ., Riverside unpub. data, 1930-35) indicates that the Vedder Sand was deposited during the 

biozone of this species, a time-stratigJaphic unit considered to be equivalent to the lower ~1iocene "Vaqueros 

Stage." I-Iowever, megafauna] data from well cores 

generally have not been published and collections are 

not readily available for study; the fauna of this subsurface formation is therefore not well known. 

Subsurface foraminiferal assemblages from the Vedder Sand on the east side of the San Joaquin Valley 

indicate references to the Zemorrian Stage (Beck, 1952, 

1958; l(leinpell and vVeaver, 1963; Rudel, 1965). J(leinpell and Weaver (1963, fig. 5) indicate that the Vedder 

Sand is referable to the upper part of the Zemorrian 

Stage, the Uvigerinella spa1·sicostata zone, but question 

the occurrence of strata as old as early Zemorrian in 

the Vedder Sand. 

JEWETT SAND 

~1any of the gastropods restricted to local stratal 

units here included in the lower Miocene "Vaqueros 

Stage" range into the fauna of the middle ~1iocene 

"Temblor Stage" in other sections on the Pacific coast. 

Previously described species that are restricted to or 

occur no higher than the "Vaqueros Stage" are: Epitoni'um clallmnense (Durham), Psephaea weaveri 

(Tegland), Oceneb1·a 1nilicentana (Loel and Corey), 

and the doubtfully identified index species T'l-t'l'ritella 

ine~ana Conrad. The first two species, originally descnbed from southern Vancouver Island and the northern Olyn1pic Peninsula, are regarded as indices of 

the "Vaqueros Stage," although they have not been 

previously reported from as far south as California. 

They "·ere heretofore known only from the "Blakeley 

Stage" of the Pacific Northwest, a time-stratigraphic 

unit that is equivalent at least in part to the "Vaqueros 

Stage" (Addicott, 1967a). 

Pelecypods that are of common occurrence in the 

basal part of the Jewett Sand and that are restricted 

to the lmYer ~1iocene "Vaqueros Stage" include LyroJJecten 1nagnolia (Conrad) and Orassostrea vaquerosensis .(Loel and Corey). 01•assatella granti (\Viedey), 

a speCies that heretofore has been considered an index 

to the "Vaqueros Stage," was recently collected by J. 

A. Sutherland, of the Los Angeles County Museum, 

from the upper part of the Olcese Sand near the type 

locality of the Barker's Ranch fauna; thereby its range 

was extended into the middle Miocene "Temblor 

Stage." 

Gastropods rarely occur in the upper part of the 

Jewett Sand. P?'icofus'l-tS medialis (Conrad), an early 

to middle ~1iocene species, has been reported from well 

cores in this part of the formation, but has not, as yet, 

been collected from surface exposures. Evidence of the 

early ~1iocene age of the upper part of the Jewett Sand 

is based upon the occurrence of Ost1•ea eldridgei yneziana Loel and Corey and Ohla1nys· he1•tleini Loel and 

Corey, pelecypods that see1n to be restricted to the 

"Vaqueros Stage" ( Addicott, 1965a). 

~1icropaleontologists have variously classified the 

basal part of the Jewett Sand (Pyramid Hill Sand of 

common usagein subsurface mapping) as upper Zemorrian (l(leinpell, 1938), upper Zemorrian and lower 

Saucesian (Beck, 1952; IGeinpell and Weaver, 1963), 

and Saucesian (Ferguson in Weaver and others, 1944; 

Church and l(rammes, 1957; Rudel, 1965). The over-
34 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

lying part of the Jewett Sand and the Freeman Silt 

(Freeman-Je·wett Silt of some authors) is generally 

assigned to the lower part of the Saucesian Stage; the 

Jewett, to the Siphogenerina transversa zone; and the 

Freeman, to the Plecto frondim,tlaria miocenica zone 

(Beck, 1952; Park and Weddle, 1959). 

FREEMAN SILT 

The small pelecypod association of Nuculana ochsne,ri (Anderson and Martin), Oyclocardia subtenta 

(Conrad) , and A cila conradi (Meek) found in well 

cores of the Freeman Silt in the Mount Poso-Round 

Mountain area is not diagnostic of age and posi~ion 

in the provincial megafauna! sequence. As mentioned 

above, foraminifers indicate assignment to the lower 

part of the Saucesian Stage. An early Miocene age for 

this formation is suggested because of the joint occurrence of mollusks of the "Vaqueros Stage" and lower 

Saucesian foraminifers elsewhere in central and 

southern California (Corey, 1954; Addicott, 1967 a). 

OLCESE SAND AND ROUND MOUNTAIN SILT 

Although relatively small, the gastropod fauna of 

the lower part of the Olcese Sand contains several 

species restricted to the middle Miocene "Temblor 

Stage": Orepid1tla rostralis (Conrad), M egasurcula 

howei Hanna and Hertlein, and Ophiodermella temblo1·ensis (Anderson and Martin). Moreover the occurrence of Macron aethiops (Reeve) is suggestive of a 

middle Miocene or younger age inasmuch as the genus 

has not been recorded from the early Miocene. 

Foraminifera from the lower part of the Olcese Sand 

in the subsurface are referred to the upper part of the 

Saucesian Stage (Beck, 1952; Park and vVeddle, 1959; 

Rudel, 1965). 

Gastropods collected from a locality in the coarsegrained predominantly nonmarine middle part of the 

Olcese Sand about 300 feet below the top of the formation (USGS loc. l\11968) do not differ markedly from 

the prolific assemblages of the Barker's ·Ranch fauna 

from the overlying upper part of the Olcese Sand. Two 

taxa that do not occur higher in the marine section, 

Llf egas'ttTmtla condonana (Anderson and Martin) and 

Ve1·tipecten nevadan?.ts (Conrad), may be of significance in regional correlation. VeTtipecten became extinct during the middle l\1iocene, possibly during the 

early pa~t, as there is a considerable thickness of 

marine section referable to the "Temblo:r; Stage" above 

its highest occurrence in the I\:ern River area and other 

areas, including the eastern Caliente Range, San Joaquin Hills, and Santa Ana l\1ountains (J. G. Vedder, 

written commun., December 1967). 

The upper part of the Olcese Sand includes many 

gastropods restricted to the middle Miocene "Temblor 

Stage." Many of them, however, have not been reported 

from outside of the I\: ern River area. Of those that 

have, many are known from only one other locality, 

which seems insufficient to establish their usefulness in 

correlation. Gastropods from the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand and lower part of the Round l\1ountain 

Silt that are restricted to the middle l\1iocene and that 

have been recorded elsewhere on the Pacific coast are 

listed in table 8. 

Additional evidence of a middle l\1iocene age is the 

overlap or joint occurrence of several early to middle 

:Miocene species, such as Turritella ocoyana Conrad, 

S cazJ hande1· jug?.tlaris (Conrad) , 0 on?.ts owen ian us Anderson, B1·ucladcia ·baTke1'iana (Cooper), ill olopophorus 

anglonanus (Anderson), TTophon ke1·nensis Anderson, 

and [{ elletia posoensis (Anderson and Martin), with 

taxa that range from middle l\1iocene to late l\1iocene 

or younger rocks, such as Astraea biang?.tlata ( Gabb), 

Neverita alta Arnold, Oalicanthar?.ts cf. 0. kettlemanensis (Arnold), Cancellaria joaquinensis Anderson, 0. 

pacifica Anderson, 0. lickana Anderson and l\1artin, 

0. keT'1wnsis n. sp., and I/ aminoea 1;irescens (Sower by). 

The faunal assemblage from the highest part of the 

TABLE 8.-Gastropods from tho upper part of the Olcese Sand 

ancl the lower 1Jart of the Rouncl liiottntain Silt that are 

restrictecl to the middle Miocene "Temblor Stage" 

T1trritella kernensis n. sp. 

Turritella moodyi Merriam 

Batillaria ocoyana (Anderson and Martin) 

Opalia williamsoni (Anderson and Martin) 

Eulima gablJiana (Anderson and Martin) 

Niso antiselli (Anderson and Martin) 

Crepiclula rostra lis (Conrad) 

N atica pos1tncula Hanna and Hertlein 

liiecliargo dilleri (Anderson and Martin) 

Ocenebm gabbiana (Anderson) 

Typhis lampacla Keen 

Calicantharus kernensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Nassarius arnoldi (Anderson) 

Nassaritt8 ocoyamts (Anderson and Martin) 

Cancellaria dalliana Anderson 

Cancellaria sim]Jlex Anderson 

Cttnccllaria posunculensis Anderson 

Cancellaria sanjosei Anderson and Martin 

Olivella ischnon Keen 

Conus hayesi Arnold 

Terebra cooperi Anderson 

H astula gnonwn Keen 

Tm·ricula piercei (Arnold) 

Tttrricula? buwaldana (Anderson and Martin) 

ill egasttrcula howei Hanna and Hertlein 

III egasurcula keepi (Arnold) 

ill egasurcula wynoochcensis ("\Yea ver) 

Ophiodermella tcmblorensis (Anderson ancll\fartin) 

MangeUa kernensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Acteon boulderantts Etherington 
CORRELATION WITH OREGON AND WASHINGTON 35 

Round 1\1ountain Silt above the shark-tooth and bone 

bed contains a number of species restricted to the 

"Ten1blor Stage" and others that became extinct before the end of the middle 1\1iocene. Thus the middle 

l\1iocene age of the Hound :!\'fountain Silt is well established. 

Two gastropod genera, Bnwladcia and Jl/ olopopho1'-

us, have their highest stratigraphic occurrence in 

rocks o:t: middle 1\1iocene a.ge in the I\:ern River section, n.nd, by inference, at other places on the Pacific 

coast. Other gastropod taxa that are still living but 

that do not range n pwn.rd into rocks of late 1\1iocene 

age in northern Baja Cali:forriia or in the Pacific Coast 

States include the T'un-itella ocoyana stock of 1\1erriam 

(1941), Ne?-ita, Scalina, Pota1nides, R'l.tgatiscala, Gy-

?·oscala, 'l'y7J his, T haisella, T1·i'Lt'lnp his ~, Lithocon'l.t8, 

F'usote1•ebnt?, f{nefast,ia, B'l.tllina, and Il ast'l.tla. 1\1ost 

of these are warm-water taxa restricted in their modern distribution to the Panamic molluscan province 

o:E the eastern Paci fie Ocean ( ICeen, 1958a). 

Supraspecif-ic tn.xa that have their lowest stratigraph occurrence :in middle 1\fiocene rocks of the !Cern 

River area include: Gibb?.tla, T~un-itella cooperi stock 

o:f 1\tfeniam ( 1H41), T'tt7'1'itella b1·ode?'i]J'iana stock of 

1\1err:inrn ( HJ~U), DiBJJOtaea, StTo?nb'ina, Pyruclia, Ophiocle?·?neUa, J{nefastia, GlyJJhostO?na, VolV?.tlella, S'l.tlco?·etusa, and se,·ern1 pyramiclellicl subgenera. 

FornminiJeral specialists seem to disagree as to the 

age o:t: the npper part of the Olcese Sand. ICleinpell 

(1988; .Hg. 14) nncl ](leinpell and "\Veaver (1963) referred the upper part o:t: the Olcese Sand ("'Temblor 

B zone' sand of Barker's Hauch") to the upper l)art 

of the Saucesin.n Stage, as did Beck ( 1952). Ferguson 

(in "\Ven.ver and others, 1944, p. 582; Church and 

:Krarnmes, 195'7; Rudel, 1965), however, assigned the 

npper part of the Olcese Sand to the overlying Relizian 

Stage. 

The lower part of the overlying Round :Mountain 

Silt n.lso wns assigned to the upper part of the Saucesian Stage by I\:leinpell ( 1938; and in Heinhart, 1943, 

p. 51), but the upper part of the formation was considered to be of Helizian age. Contrasting views of the 

age of this :formation \Yere advanced by Ferguson (in 

"rea. ver and others, 19L.J:L.J:), who considered that part 

of the Hound lUmmtain Silt occurring below the sharktooth and bone bed to be of Relizian and Luisian age. 

Church nnd Krammes (1957) and Beck (1958) concurred with this usage. Exposures of the lower part 

of the :formation n,long J\:ern River southeast of Round 

:Mountain Jie.ld have yielded Luisian Foraminifera 

(Patsy B. Smith, written commun., 1\farch 1963). Ferguson (in vVeaver, 1944) also reported Luisian Foraminifera from this area. 

SANTA MARGARITA FORMATION 

1\folluscan assemblages from cores of the upper ~1iocene Santa 1\1arga.rita Formation in oil fields basinward from the 1\1iocene outcrop belt contain an interesting association of middle 1\1iocene relicts and living 

species with upper ~Eocene to I-Iolocene ranges. The 

only stratigraphically restricted gastropod is N assaTi?.ts pabloensis (Clark) reported by Gale as "1Vassari~t8 

( U zita) antiselli (Anderson and ~1artin) ( pabloensis 

Clark)" (in Preston, 1931, p. 16) frmn cores taken a 

few miles west of Bakersfield. The overlap in ranges 

of some middle and upper 1\1iocene species such as 

0 ancella1·ia joaquinensi8 Anderson, 0. lie kana Anderson and 1\1artin, and "Fon·e1'ia" 'l.villcesana (Anderson) 

with upper 1\1iocene to I-Jolocene species such as Pseudo?nel at01na JJenicillata (Carpenter) and T m·eb1·a ped-

'I'Oana Dall (Gale in Preston, 1931, p. 16) further 

suggests a late 1\fiocene age. 1\1a.ny living species of 

pelecypods and a species restricted to the upper ~1iocene, An·&iantis stalde1i (Clark), are also reported by 

Gale. Alex Clark (Dept. Geology, California Univ., 

Riverside, nnpnb. data 1930-35) reported several subsurface occurrences of the important late ~1iocene index species Aequipecten 'raynwndi (Clark) [=A. discus 

(Conrad)] from east and southeast of Bakersfield. 

Late l\1iocene mollusks are known from exposures 

of the Santa 1\fn.rgarita Formation at Comanche Point 

in the northern Tejon I-Iills about 20 miles south of 

I\:ern River (Clark in 1\Ierriam, 1916; I-Ioots, 1930; Acldicott and Vedder, 1963). In addition to the occurrence 

of the lnte 1\1iocene index species from well cores in 

the Bakersfield area, there are at Comanche Point 

shallow-water pelecypods such as 01•assost1·ea titan 

(Conrad) and Ly?'OJJecten c1·assicanlo (Conrad) that 

became extinct during the late 1\1iocene. The Santa 

:Margarita Formation at Comanche Point, however, 

cannot be correlated physically with the subsurface 

unit bearing the same name in oil fields of the Bakersfield area to the northwest generally assigned to the 

upper part of the 1\Iolmian Stage (Beck, 1952; Park 

and "\Veddle, 1959) and the lower part of the Delmontian Stage (Ferguson in "\V ea ver and others, 1944; 

Rudel, 1965) . 

CORRELATION WITH OREGON AND 

WASHINGTON 

OREGON 

Paleontologists have long recognized the similarity 

between molluscan assemblages of the Astoria Forma-
36 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

tion of Oregon and the Temblor Formation of the 

central California Coast Ranges (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913; Howe, 1926; l\1oore, 1963; and others). The 

fauna of the Astoria For1nation near Newport, Lincoln County, Oreg. (Anderson and l\1artin, 1914; 

Howe, 1926; Vokes and others, 1949; l\1oore, 1963) is 

perhaps most similar to the California middle l\1iocene 

typified by the Barker's Ranch fauna of the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand and the lower part of the 

Round l\1ountain Silt northeast of Bakersfield. 

I-I owe ( 1926) found that 43 percent of 89 determinable molluscan species from the Astoria Formation at 

Astoria and in Lincoln County also occur in the Miocene of Barker's R.anch. From this he concluded (p. 

302) that "for all practical purposes, [the two faunas 

are] contemporaneous in time of depositon." His correlation thereby established the Astoria Formation, 

long thought to be of Oligocene age by most workers, 

as middle l\1iocene in terms of the megafauna! sequence. 

Subsequent workers have determined somewhat lower 

percentages of n1ollusks in common between the Astoria Formation of Oregon and the California Temblor 

Formation: 21 percent (l\1oore, 1963) and 31 percent 

(Addicott, in Snavely and others, 1964). But the relationship is still much stronger than with the earlier 

fauna of the "Vaqueros Stage" or the fauna of the 

upper l\1iocene of California. 

The present study of the type area of the "Temblor 

Stage" indicates a lesser degree of similarity of the 

gastropods with those of the Astoria Formation, 16 of 

4 7 gastropods ( 34 percent) identified as common (table 

9), than reported by Howe ( 1926) for the entire molluscan· fauna. The degree of correlation may be much 

stronger, as several of the 47 Astoria gastropods listed 

by l\1oore ( 1963) are doubtfully identified generically 

and are too poorly preserved to permit specific determination. Comparison of the early :Miocene gastropods 

of the 1\:ern River area with those of the Astoria 

Formation finds a much s1naller percentage in common : eight of 4 7 ( 17 percent) . 

WASHINGTON 

There is a somewhat larger percentage of gastropods in con1n1on between the type "Temblor Stage" 

and the Astoria Formation of southwestern 'Vashington. Thirteen of 36 specifically identified gastropods 

from the Astoria Fonnation listed by Etherington 

( 1931, check list facing p. 48) also occur in the Round 

l\1ountain Silt or the Olcese Sand in the 1\:ern River 

area (table 8). This amounts to 36 percent of the gastropods in the Astoria Formation of Etherington 

(1931). Only five (14 percent) of Etherington's gastroTABLE 9.-Miocene gastropods from the Kern River area that 

occur in the Astoria Formation of Oregon and Washington 

Astoria Formation Kern River area 

Names used in this report Oregon Wash- "Temblor "Vaqueros 

ington Stage" Stage" 

Opalia williamsoni (Anderson and 

Martin) _______________ ----------___ X 

Crepidula rostralis (Conrad)__________ X 

Polinices victoriana Clark and Arnold_ X 

Neveritajamesae Moore _______________ X 

Sinum scopulosum (Conrad) _______ X 

Mediargo dilleri (Anderson and Martin) ______ -------------_____________ X 

Ficus kerniana (Co.oper)______________ X 

Trophon kernensis Anderson -------- X 

Bruclarkia oregonensis (Conrad) 

(including B. yaquinana Anderson 

and Martin)________________________ X 

Molopophorus anglonanus (Anderson)___ -------------------------- X 

Antillophos posunculensis (Anderson 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

and Martin)________________________ X X X X 

Nassarius arnoldi (Anderson) __ ------ X X X ------------

Priscofusus medialis (Conrad) ________ X ---------- ------------ X 

Priscofusus geniculus (Conrad)_______ X ---------- ------------ X 

Cancellaria ocoyana Addicott, n. sp ___ ---------- X X ------------

Cancellaria oregonensis Conrad _______ X X ------------

Megasurcula condonana (Anderson 

and Martin) _____________ ----_-_____ X X 

Megasurcula howei Hanna and Hert- lein ________________________________ ---------- X 

Megasurcula wynoocheensis (Weaver)__ X X 

Xenuroturris antiselli (Anderson and 

Martin)----------- ________ ------ __ . X X 

Mangelia kernensis (Anderson and 

Martin) ___ ------------------------ __ ------ ___ X 

Acteon boulderanus Etherington ______ ---------- X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

X 

pods occur in the lower l\1iocene of the 1\:ern River 

area. 

1\iiocene faunal assemblages from the Clallam For-: 

1nation of the northwestern Olympic Peninsula (Reagan, 1909; Arnold and Hannibal, 1913; Weaver, 1916; 

Durhmn, 1944) and the Astoria Formation ['Vahkiakum Formation of vVeaver, 1912] of the Grays River 

area ('Veaver, 1916) are too poorly lmown to permit 

quantitative comparison with Californian early and 

middle l\1iocene faunas. 

PROPOSED NEW SPECIES OR SUBSPECIES 

Tegula ( Omphalius) dalli arnoldi 

Tegula ( Omphalius) laevis 

Gi,bbula ( Tumulus ?) baileyi 

Calliostoma carsoni 

Nerita (Theliostyla ?) joaquinensis 

Turritella lcernensis 

Epitonium ( Gyroscala) barkerianum 

Epitonium ( N itidisoala) tedfordi 

Balois lutzi 

Balois petrolia 

Niso cottonwoodensis 

Triohotropis trioarinata 

Calyptrrea coreyi 
SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION 37 

Cruoib1tlmn (DiS1JOtaea) 7Jap1tl1tm 

Crepid1tla braotea 

Forreria emcwsoni 

Ooenebra clarki 

Trophon (A..1tst1·ot1·ophon) l~emcnsis medialis 

Morttla granti 

· Mitrella ( Col1tmbellopsis) alta 

KeZletia lorata 

Calicantharus 1·ancher·ianus 

Calicantharus 'tvoocltord·i 

A..ntillophos wooclt··ing·i 

N assari1ts ( Phrontis) han·eUensis 

Na.ssari1ts (Plwontis'l) 1JOsoensis 

M it?·a (A.. trimitra) andersoni 

Cancellm·ia. ( EtteUa) circmnspinosa 

Cancellaria (E1tcUa) ocO]Jana 

Cancellaria ( Cmwforclina) kernensis 

Ca.noellaria (Narona) bi-rohi 

Ccmocllar·la 7ceenac 

Cancellaria galei 

Terebra (F1tsotereb1·a) aclclaidana 

Terebra ( St?·iotet·ebnml-) stirtoni 

Polystira englishi 

l(netastia. gm·ccsana 

Cmssisp·im olcesensis 

Mangelia (Notocythm·clla) hartensis 

Glyphostomct cm·inata 

A.oteon (R·ictaxis) weavm·i 

Sttloorot1tsa. ·ismelsk,yi 

Volv1tlella. joaqu·incnsis 

Oclostom·la. ( Ch1·ysalUclct) sequoiana 

Oclostomia (Jll cnestho) 1'01JOnningi 

Turbonilla ( ChemnUz·ia) hannai 

T1tt·bonilla ho1·migacuesta 

T1wbonilla, (Ptyche1tz.imella) edisonensi.~ 

:J.11wbonilla ( Tt·agula) gt·eenhornen.~is 

GENERIC AND SPECIFIC REASSIGNMENTS 

Previous assignment 

A straea raymoncli (Clark) _________ _ 

Calliostoma bicarinata Clark _______ _ 

Calliostoma obliq1tistriata Trask ____ _ 

'Jleniostoma (Teniostoma?) lens Keen_ 

T1trritella n. sp. (affinity '1'. freya 

or vanvlecki) Merriam. 

Cearithium topangensis Arnold _____ _ 

Thesbia ocoyana (Anderson and 

Martin). 

Epitoni1tm (Cirsotrema) n. sp. A 

Durham. 

Ferminoscala clurhami Keen _______ _ 

Ji'erm inoscala whitei Keen _________ _ 

Polinices canalis Moore ___________ _ 

"Gyrineum" clilleri (Anderson and 

Martin). 

Ficus (Trophosycon) ocoyana 

(Conrad). 

Trophon gabbianwn Anderson ______ _ 

/I. ew assignment 

Astraea (Pomaulax) 

biangulata (Gab b). 

Astraea (Pomaulax) 

biangulata (Gabb). 

Astraea (Pomaulax) 

biangulata (Gabb). 

Vitrinella ( Vitrinellops). 

Turritella kernensis n. sp. 

Bittium. 

Batillaria. 

Epitonium (Cirsotrema) 

clallamense Durham. 

Scalina. 

Scalina. 

Polinices (Euspira) 

victoriana Clark and 

Arnold. 

Mediargo. 

Ficus (Trophosycon) 

kerniana Cooper. 

Ocenebra. 

Previous assignment 

Thais trophonoides Anderson and 

Martin. 

Purpura milicentana Loel and 

Corey. 

Thais (Stramonita) carrizoensis 

Loel and Corey. 

P1trpura edmondi Arnold __________ _ 

Bruclar~ia santacruzan~ (Arnold) __ _ 

Searlesia kernensis (Anderson and 

Martin). 

Amphissa posunculensis Anderson 

and Martin. 

Phos dumbleana Anderson in 

Hanna. 

Antillophos dumbleana chehalisensis 

(Weaver). 

Miopleiona scowensis Durham _____ _ 

Cancellaria ramonensis Clark ______ _ 

Cancellaria andersoni Clark _______ _ 

Cancellaria barkeri (Anderson in 

Hanna). 

Oliva simondsi Trask _____________ _ 

Conus juanensis Wiedey __________ _ 

Thesbia antiselli (Anderson and 

Martin). 

New as&lonment 

Ocenebra. 

Ocenebra. 

Thais (Nucella) packi 

Clark. 

Thais (Thaisella). 

Bruclarkia barkeriana 

(Cooper). 

Calicantharus. 

Antillophos. 

Antillophos posunculensis 

(Anderson and 

Martin). 

Antillophos posunculensis 

(Anderson and 

Martin). 

Psephaea (Miopleiona) 

weaveri (Tegland). 

Cancellaria (Euclia) 

oregonensis Conrad. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) 

oregonensis Conrad. 

Cancellaria dalli (Anderson and Martin). 

Oliva (Oliva) californica 

Anderson. 

Conus (Chelyconus) 

juanensis Anderson. 

Xenuroturris. 

Turriwla wilsoni_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Turric1tla ochsneri 

(Anderson and 

Turricula libya DalL _____________ _ 

Clathrodrillia temblorensis 

(Anderson and Martin). 

Martin). 

Turricula ochsneri 

(Anderson and 

Martin). 

Ophiodermella temblorensis 

(Anderson and 

Martin). 

M oniliopsis electilis Keen_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ophiodermella. 

Syrnola scandix Keen______________ Pyramidella (Syrnola) 

ochsneri (Anderson 

and Martin). 

Chrysallida rotundomontana Keen ___ Odostomia (Besla). 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTIONS 

The geographic occurrence of middle l\.fiocene faunal 

assemblages, and related place names, in the coast 

ranges of California, Oregon, and Washington is shown 

on index maps (figs. 10 and 11) included for use with 

the material under the headings the "Distribution and 

stratigraphic occurrence" for gastropod taxa in this 

section. 

Abbreviations used in tabulating the stratigraphic 
38 

42" 

MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

124" 

123" 

FOSSIL LOCALITIES 

1. Bear River (Merriam, 1941) 

2. Covelo (Clark, 1940) 

3. Napa-Sonoma (Weaver, 1949) 

4. Point Reyes (Weaver, 1949) 

5. Pacheco syncline (Weaver, 1949, 1953; 

Lutz, 1951) 

6. Walnut Creek (Lutz, 1951) 

7. Contra Costa County (Lawson, 1914; 

Weaver, 1949; Lutz, 1951) 

8. Alameda County (Lutz, 1951; Robinson, 

1956; Hall, 1958) 

9. Tesla quadrangle (Huey, 1948) 

10. Santa Cruz Mountains (Arnold, 1906, 1908) 

11. Davenport area (Clark, 1966) 

12. Type Monterey Formation (Martin, 1912; Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) 

13. Northern Santa Lucia Mountains (Fiedler, 

1944) 

14. Point Sur quadrangle (Trask, 1926) 

15. Panoche Hills (Stewart and others, 1944) 

16. San Benito quadrangle (Wilson, 1943) 

17. Griswold Hills (Arnold, 1906; Schenck, 

1936; Schenck and Keen, 1950) 

18. Monocline Ridge (Zimmerman, 1944) 

19. Cantua Creek (Anderson, 1908; Atwill, 

1935) 

20. Anticline Ridge (Arnold, 1909; Woodring and others, 1940; Adegoke, 1967) 

21. Coalinga (Anderson, 1905) 

22. Reef Ridge (Woodring and others, 1940; 

Stewart, 1946); and Adegoke, 1967) 

23. Cholame (Dickinson, 1963) 

24. Northern Temblor Range (Arnold and Johnson, 1910) 

25. Northern La Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932) 

26. Northern Caliente Range (Loel and Corey 1932) • 

27. Chico Martinez Creek (Curran, 1943) 

28. Devil's Den (Arnold, 1909) 

29. Kern River-Poso Creek area 

30. Eastern Caliente Range (Eaton and others 1941; Repenning and Vedder, 1961) ' 

31. North~rn Tejon Hills (Merriam, 1916; 

Add1cott, 1965a) 

32. San Emigdiq Mountains (Hoots, 1931) 

33. Upper Sespe Creek (Dickinson and Lowe, 

1966). 

34. Eastern Santa Ynez Range (Page and others, 1951) 

35. Aliso Canyon (Kew, 1924) 

36. Type Topanga Formation (Arnold, 1908; 

Kew, 1924; Soper, 1938; Susuki, 1951) 

37. Eastern Santa Monica Mountains (Hoots 1931) • 

38. Puente Hills (Durham and Yerkes, 1964) 

39. Santa Ana Mountains (English, 1926; Vedder and Woodring, unpub. list; Loel and Corey, 1932) 

40. Palos Verdes Hills (Woodring and others 1946) • 

41. San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. list) 

42. San Miguel Island (Bremner, 1933; Red- wine, 1952) 

43. Santa Rosa Island (Redwine, 1952) 

~ 37"------~~--~~--~~--~~~~~-r44. Santa Cruz Island (Bremner, 1932; Red- wine, 1952) 

45. San Clemente Island (Olmsted, 1958) 

0 

..,.... 

-d} 

60 

121" 

120 MILES 

33.L-----~--~-=--+--~;--t-----r- 120. 

119" 118" 117" 

FIGURE 10.-Principal California middle Miocene fossillocalitieB and place names referred to. 
48° '"Tj 

> 

(") 

-

":rj 

-(") 

0 

(") 

46° tt:l 

> 

z 

SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION 

RITISH COLUMBIA 

_£~~-

UNITED STATES 

CALIFORNIA 

FOSSIL LOCALITIES 

1. Clallam (Arnold and Hannibal, 

1913; Durham, 1944) 

2. Hoh River (Schenck, 1936) 

3. Montesano (Etherington, 1931; 

Addicott, 1966) 

4. Grays River (Weaver, 1916) 

5. Astoria (Warren and others, 1945; 

Moore, 1963) 

6. Northeastern Clatsop County 

(Warren and others, 1945; 

Moore, 1963) 

7. Tillamook (Warren and others, 

1945; Moore, 1963) 

8. Cape Foulweather (Sn.avely and 

Vokes, 1949; Moore, 1963) . 

9. Newport (Vokes and others, 1949; 

Moore, 1963; Addicott, 1966) 

10. Coos Bay (Moore, 1963) 

11. Cape Blanco (Durham, 1953) 

0 60 120 MILES 

FIGURE 11.-Principal Oregon and Washington middle Miocene fossil localities and places referred to. 

39 
40 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

occurrence of gastropod taxa in the Kern River Miocene 

sequence are: 

USGS U.S. Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. 

locality register. 

USGS M U.S. Geological Survey, Menlo Park 

Cenozoic locality register. 

CAS California Academy of Sciences, San 

Francisco, Calif. 

UCMP California University Museum of Paleontology, Berkeley, Calif. 

UCLA California University, Los Angeles, Calif. 

UCR California University, Riverside, Calif. 

SU Stanford University, Stanford, Calif. 

LACMIP Los Angeles County Museum, Invertebrate Paleontology register, Los Angeles, 

Calif. 

Anderson's original descriptions (1905) of Kern River 

gastropods are reprinted herein because most of the 

copies of his report were destroyed, prior to distribution, 

by the San Francisco fire of 1906. Supplementary descriptions based upon material available for this study 

are given for many species. 

In the 1naterial under the headings "Geographic 

distribution and stratigraphic occurrence," certain conventions are used for the sake of convenience. Occurrences based upon what are here regarded as doubtful identifications are indicated by a question mark 

preceding the entry. Doubtful use of a formation 

name is indicated by a question mark following the 

name. Quotation marks inclosing a formation name 

are used to indicate usage that is now considered improper, the preferred name usually following in brackets. The San Ramon Formation and the Sooke Formation are classified as lower Miocene ( ~) in keeping with 

the classification of the upper part of the "Blakeley 

Stage" of 'iV ea ver and others ( 1944) , to which both 

are referable (Durham, 1944; Addicott, 1967 a). 

Class GASTROPODA 

Order ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 

Family FISSURELLIDAE 

Genus DIODORA Gray, 1821 

Type (by monotypy) : Patella apertura Montagu. 

Holocene, British Isles. 

Diodora (Diodora) n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 1, 9, 24 

?Fissurella sp. Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p~ 96. 

Outline ovate, narrowing anteriorly from point of 

maximum diameter in posterior half of shell. Apical 

orifice subcircular, located slightly anterior to center. 

Exterior sculptured by fine radial ribs that become 

broader toward the periphery. Radial ribs beaded by 

a system of closely spaced, fine concentric ridges. A 

few irregularly spaced concentric folds superimposed 

upon the finely beaded radial sculpture. 

Length (incomplete) 45 mm, width (incomplete) 

35 mm, height (nearly complete) 15 mm. 

Figured specimen: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 10064. 

Locality: UCMP B1674, float from basal part of Jewett Sand 

about 500 feet south of 1,550-foot hill in NEIA,NEY<i sec. 4, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 'Voody quadrangle. 

DiodoTa n. sp. is represented by an incomplete specimen embedded in very fine grained sandstone from 

the lo\ver part of the Jewett Sand. The sculpture of 

beaded to finely imbricate radial ribs on the posterior 

part of a latex cast (pl. 1, fig. 1) is similar to Stromboli beebei (Hertlein and Strong, 1951, p. 113, pl. 10, 

figs. 3, 4, 5), a Holocene species from the Gulf of California, ~1exico. Flowever, the living species has alternate coarser and finer radial ribs and a nontruncate internal apical callus, whereas the lower 1\tliocene 

species has the posteriorly truncated callus characteristic of DiodoTa. 

The holotype of Fissurella Tiwfo'l'di Hertlein ( 1928, 

p. 151-152, pl. 23, fig. 2), a species that might prove to 

be a Diodora if the details of the internal apical callus 

become known, differs from the I\:ern River district 

specimen by having an elliptical apical foramen, located more anteriorly than in Diodm·a n. sp. ~1oreover, it has closely spaced very widely noded radial 

. ribs separated by deep grooves. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Jewett Sand, USMP Ioc. B1674. 

Diodora 1 n. sp. 

Pia te 1, figure 8 

Small, with a low, symmetrical profile. Outline 

ovate, point of maximum diameter in posterior half 

of shell. Apical orifice centrally located. Anterior and 

posterior surfaces slope evenly toward margin from 

apex. Exterior sculptured by approximately 30 radial 

ribs with broad, deeply pitted interspaces containing 

weak secondary ribs. Radial ribs noded at intersection 

with system of about 10 regularly spaced concentric 

ridges. 

Length (nearly complete) 18 mm, width (nearly 

complete) 11.5 mm, height 3.5 mm. 

Figured specimen: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11031. 

Locality: UCMP B1605, about 25 feet below top of northtrending ridge in S'VlA,NWlft sec. 10, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Woody 

quadrangle. Near base of Jewett Sand, lower Miocene. 

The generic assignment is questioned because the internal callus border is not preserved on the holotype, 

an external mold. Tentative assignment to DiodoTa is 
ORDER ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 41 

based upon close similarity in sculpture and profile to 

described species of the genus. 

Pliocene and I-Iolocene specimens of Diodo'ra alta 

(Adams) from the Gulf of California (Durham, 1950, 

pl. 30, figs. 26, 27; l(een, 1958a, p. 251, fig. 30) have 

coarse radial ribs and deeply pitted interspaces similar 

to this Californian early J\1iocene species, but their 

apex is much higher and eccentric. 

Ocottrt·cnce: J .. ower part of Jewett Sand, UCMP loc. B1605. 

Family TROCHIDAE 

Genus TEGULA Lesson, 1835 

Type (by monotypy): Tegula elegans Lesson [ = T. 

l;ellis-se'rpentis] . Holocene, eastern Pacific Ocean from 

El Salvador to Ecuador. 

Subgenus OMPHALIUS Phillippi, 1847 

Type (by subsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 

1847): T1·och~ts 'l"'ltstic~ts Gmelin. Holocene, Japan. 

Tegula (Omphalius) dalli arnoldi Addicott, n. subsp. 

Plate 1, figures 14, 15, 18, 19, 23 

Shell of medium size, low spired. Outer layer of 

shell 1naterial yellowish brown to light brown. Upper 

half of body whorl with broad, slightly protractive 

axial folds and a weak spiral cord near the middle ; 

lower half with two spiral ridges of equal prominence 

which define a vertical segment of the whorl profile. 

Base flattened, devoid of spiral sculpture. Umbilical 

pit 1noderately deep, roofed over by callus. 

I-Ieight 12.3 mm, width 15.7 mm (holotype). 

Types: Holotype U.S. Nat. Mus. 650045; paratype, California 

Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11062. 

'1.1ypc locality: USGS M1599, bottom of southeast-trending 

gully, 900 feet south, 150 feet east of NW. cor. sec. 33, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Near top of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

This 'taxon is represented by incomplete or abraded 

specimens from several collections from the upper part 

of the Olcese Sand. It is closely related to the variable 

southern California middle J\1iocene species Teg1.tla 

dalli (Arnold, 1907, p. 533-534, pl. 40, figs. 4-6a). An 

important sculptural trait of T. dalli, the spiral ribbing on the top and the base of the body whorl, is 

lacking in all of the Tegulas from the Olcese Sand. 

On most of the !(ern River specimens fine axial growth 

lines are preserved. These lines suggest that spiral 

sculpture was never developed as in Arnold's species 

and its variants. Particularly noteworthy is the rich 

yellowish-tan to light-brown color, possibly original 

coloration. 

Variation in this species seems comparable to' that 

illustrated by Arnold for Tegula dalli, which was described as "a variable form, no two specimens being 

exactly similar" ( 1907, p. 533). Two figured specimens 

illustrate the kind of variation found in this species: 

An axially ribbed form with subdued spiral ridges 

(pl. 1, fig. 14) and a smooth low spired form with only 

the paired anterior spiral ridges (pl. 1, fig. 23). 

An upper J\iiocene species from the upper San Pablo 

Group of Clark (1915), Tegula nashae Clark, seems 

closely related n1orphologically to T. dalli and T. dalli 

a1·noldi. Presumably it links these taxa with the Pleistocene and Holocene species T. aureotincta, which today 

lives in the Californian and Panamic molluscan provinces from the Santa Barbara Islands to the Gulf of 

California (Burch, 1946, no. 57, p. 38). The spirally 

grooved base of the upper J\1iocene and Quaternary 

species serves to separate them from the middle Miocene group of T. dalli. Both Arnold and Clark recognized the affinities of these J\1iocene species toT. aureotincta. This lineage is represented in the California 

Pliocene by a related form, Teg~tla aff. T. au1·eotincta, 

from the Pico Formation of the eastern Ventura Basin 

CVVinterer and Durham, 1962, loc. F61). 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs M1599-

M1602 ; UCMP loc. B1599. 

Tegula (Omphalius) laevis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 2, 3, 5-7 

Of medimn size, relatively low spired. Periphery of 

body whorl subrounded, set off by a poorly defined 

angulation near base and a somewhat stronger angulation above. Penultimate and body whorls with a narrow subsutural tabulation. Columella armed with a 

small tooth immediately below juncture with base of 

body whorl and a stronger tooth near the edge of umbilical ridge. Base smooth, flattened. Umbilicus moderately deep, closed, bordered by a sharp ridge terminating below a pert ural tooth. Surface smooth, light 

yellowish tan, patterned with darker colored fine 

growth lines. Penultimate whorl with random microscopic dark spiral threads. 

Height 12.6 mm, width 17.2 mm (holotype). 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Nat. Mus. 650043; paratype, USNM 

650042. 

Type locality: USGS M1602, west bank of east fork of gully 

in SW:JA,SW:JA, sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. 

· Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Tegula laevis is represented by specimens from two 

localities in the upper part of the Olcese Sand. The 

paratype and a figured specimen of T. dalli mvnoldi 

(pl. 1, figs. 14, 15, 23) resemble an axially ribbed mod~ 

erately high spired form of this species (pl. 1, fig. 7). 

An important difference between these taxa, however, 

is the absence, on specimens of T. laevis, of the peripheral spiral ridges on the body whorl. As defined herein, 
42 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

this species is as variable as T. dalli, to which it is 

closely related. 'Vhereas the n1aterial at hand suggests 

recognition of separate species, it seems possible that 

additional specimens might expand the range of variation to include T. Zaevis as a form o:f T. dalli arnoldi. 

Tegula bntnnea fluctuosa Dall, a late Pleistocene and 

Holocene taxon from California and north western 

Baja California, has several1norphological :features in 

common with T. laevis: .A narrow subsutural tabulation, orangish-brown shell, and somewhat irregular 

protractive axial ribs that disappear toward the base 

o:f the body whorl. It differs by being a more conical 

and higher spired species and by having a shallow 

umbilical pit. 

Occun·ence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. M1598, 

M1602. 

Genus GIBBULA Risso, 1826 

Type (by subsequent designation, }lerrn1annsen, 

1847) : T1·ockus 1nagus Linne. Recent, northeastern Atlantic Ocean and JVIediterranean Sea. 

Subgenus TUMULUS Monterosato, 1888 

Type (by subsequent designation, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 1898) : Trochus ~t1nbilicca•is Linne. 

Gibbula (Tumulus 1) baileyi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 12, 16, 20 

Shell small, conical, narrowly umbilicate. Spire o:f 

about three whorls, sutures channeled. Sculpture o:f 

very fine to 1nicroscopic spiral ·grooves and Inicroscopic prosocline growth lines. Body whorl about threefourths height o:f shell. Base· sculptured by about 20 

very fine spiral grooves that become more · widely 

spaced toward the umbilicus, the spiral groove closest 

to the umbilicus being much wider than the rest. Umbilicus smooth, deep, bordered by a broad spiral swelling. Aperture rhombic. Umbilical margin of apertural 

lip straight; inner part o:f apertural lip straight 

above, sloping outward below. · -

Height 4.8 mm, width 6.0 mn1 (holotype). 

Types: Holotype U.S. Nat. Mus. 650048; paratype USNM 

650047. 

'J'ypc locality: USGS 6065, north side of Kern River about 1 

mile northea!)t of Rio Bravo Ranch. Along flume at edge of hills 

at center of first big re-entrant bend of river terrace border 

[NW~ sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quad.]. 

This small trochid is characterized by a nearly 

smooth conical spire, spirally grooved base, and 

rhombic aperture. Shell thickens at the juncture o:f the 

inner apertural lip with the base. The holotype is 

s·omewhat smaller than the largest specimens in the 

type lot. Some individuals have very fine spiral sculpture adjacent to the suture. 

Gibbula "·as heretofore unreported frmn the Tertiary 

of the Pacific coast, although a Pleistocene and I-Iolocene species, G. adriatica canfieldi Dall, has been recorded fron1 California (Dall, 1921). The ICern River 

~Iiocene species does not semn to be closely related to 

the Quaternary gibbulid, but it does have several 

characters in common \Yith species included in T~t1niulus, a European 1\~Iiocene to Holocene subgenus. Similar 

spiral sculpture, apertural 1norphology, and overall 

form all suggest assignment to T~t1nulus, but because 

the comparisons are made on the basis of illustrations 

alone, the subgeneric assignment is provisional. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 

6064, U065, 6623, l\12480. 

Genus CALLIOSTOMA Swainson, 1840 

Type (by subsequent designation, }lerrmannsen, 

1846) : T1·ochus con~tl~ts Linne. Holocene, J\1editerranean. 

Calli<?stoma carsoni Addicott, n. sp. 

Pia te 1, figures 10, 13 

?CalUostonut splen(lcns (Cooper) [ (Carpenter)] cliablocnsis 

Clark, Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 273, pl. 64, fig. 2. 

J\1oderately large, conical. 'Vhorls five, slightly 

rounded, sutures subtabulate. Penultimate whorl sculptured by five spiral cords; three upper cords nodose, 

two lower cords smooth. Body whorl large, periphery 

broadly angulated, sculptured by six primary spiral 

cords, all of which bear closely spaced nodes. Nodes 

strongest on subsutural primary spiral, weaker toward 

the base of whorl. Interspaces with smooth secondary 

threads. Base gently rounded, imperforate, sculptured 

by 12 rounded spiral cords and fine closely spaced 

growth lines. 

}!eight 16.7 mm, width 17.5 mm. 

Type: California Univ., Los Angeles 45763. 

Type locality: UCLA 3456, on west side o'f south-trending 

ridge stratigraphically alJove UCLA 2669, 1,700 feet north, 1,600 

feet west of SE. cor. sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese Sand. 

The sculpture and profile of this species closely 

resemble the holotype and a figured specimen of Oalliostmna coalingense Arnold :from Pliocene rocks near 

Coalinga, Calif. (Arnold, 1909, pl. 27, fig. 7; vVoodring and others, 1940, pl. 11, figs. 2 and 3; pl. 15, figs. 

15 and 16). The two can be distinguished by comparison o:f body whorl sculpture. On 0. coalingense 

there is a change from nodecl spirals above the midline 

o:f the body whorl to smooth spirals below. This change 
ORDER ARCHAEOGASTROPODA 43 

is reflected by n. :faint break-in-slope on the holotype 

and the other figured specimens. The body whorl profile of 0. ca1·soni .is evenly rounded, and all of the 

primary spiral ribs arc nodcd. 

Oalliost01na caT·son'i is similar to 0. cliabloense 

(Clark, 1915, p. 482, pl. 65, fig. 21) from the upper 

~1iocene C.icrbo and N Cl'oly Formations of Contra 

County, CaliJ. The late ~'riocene species is smaller and 

more high spired than 0. caTsoni. Its whorls are 

a.ngulated nncl t.he spirals above· the angulation are 

reln.t.ively \Yeaker than on: 0. canoni. 

Loel and Corey (1932, p. 2'73, pl. 64, fig. 2) figured 

a small individual :from lower ~1iocene strata o:f the 

San Emigclio ~1:ountains us Oalliost01na SJJlendens 

cliabloensis Clark. Because of. its small size and poor 

state of preservation, .it is di:Ulcult to compare this 

specimen with otl1er species. Yet the rounded periphery 

of the bod.y whorl, relatively ]0\v spire, and spiral 

sculpture are similar to 0: ca1·soni and it is therefore 

doubtfully inclndcd with 0. ca?,soni. Loel and Corey's 

records of 0. diabloense from the middle ~1iocene include occmTences in the La Panza Range and Santa 

Ana l\~[on ntains. As these records are not specific as to 

loca.lities and the collections on which they were based, 

it cannot be determined whether or not they are related to 0. caTsoni. 

])ist-rilmt1on a.nll sl·ra.t1(JI'(I,1)hiC OCCtt?TCncc: J_,ower Miocene:. 

Vnqucros Formation, western Santa Ynez Mountains and San 

lUtnig·tllo :\Iount·nins (Loel nnd Corey, 1932) ; "Vaqueros Zone" 

[.TewPtt Snnd], Kern Rin•r area (Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 96-

H7). i\richllc ~liocen~~: Ul)J)er part of Olcese Sand, Kern River 

nrea. 

Ran{Jo: r~owPr 1\Iioceue to middle Miocene. 

Localit11: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCLA 3456. 

Calliostoma sp. A 

Plate 1, figure 11 

A smnJI :incomplete and abraded OalliostO?na that 

seetns to differ from 0. ca?,soni n. sp. wns found in a 

collection of rnollusks from the basal part of the Jewett 

Sand. The exterior shell layer is missing from all but 

n. small area on the base of this moderately high spired 

specin1en. T'he whorls n.re nearly flat in profile and are 

sculptured by five or six spiral cords of equal strength. 

The rela.ti vely flat base is sculptured by about eight 

spiral cords. 

Oallio8toma, sp. A resembles rather closely the paratype of 0. la'Wsoni C.In.rk (1918, p. 163, pl. 22, fig. 14, 

UC~i:P 11228) from the San Ramon Sandstone at "\Valnut Creek, Cali:!:., bnt seems to have more primary spiral 

ribs. The holotype of 0. la'losoni, a. much larger specimen, has nngulate whorls and only thr~e primary spirals. 

OcomTcncc: Basal part of .Tewett Sand, CAS loc. 37468. · 

Calliostoma sp. B 

Plate 1, figure 4 

A small trochicl from the· basal conglomeratic sandstone of the Jewett Sand at Pyramid }Iill (USGS loc. 

I\11591) is identified as Oalliost01na sp. B. It is characterized by strong spiral cords between which faint 

secondary spirals are intercalated on the body whorl. 

The base is sculptured by eight rounded spiral cords 

that n.re more closely spaced toward the umbilicus. 

This coarsely ribbed taxon is distinct from ~1iocene 

species described from the Pacific coast. It seems most 

closely related scu 1 pturally to a broadly conical species 

from the lower Pliocene Empire Formation of southwestern Oregon, OalliostO?na canwnani Dall (1909, p. 

96, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9) , but the base of the Pliocene taxon 

does not have crisp spiral ribbing. 

Occzwrence: Basal part of .Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\:11591. 

Family TURBINIDAE 

Genus ASTRAEA Roding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Suter, 1913) : 

TJ·ochius ·hnperialis Gmelin. llolocene, New· Zealand. 

Subgenus POMAULAX Gray, 1850 

Type (by subsequent designation, Fischer, 18'73) : 

1'Tockus japonicus Dunker. llolocene, Japan. 

Astraea (Pomaulax) n. sp. 

Plate 2, figure 1 

Sculpture of five revolving rows of fiat-topped nodes 

and plicae. Upper four-fifths of whorl has three rows 

of broad slightly protractive axial rib segments. Segments of uppermost row four times as long as \vide but 

with interspaces of equal width. Second row equidimensional rhombic nodes and narrower interspaces. 

Next lower row of ribs twice as long as wide; interspaces narrower than ribs. LmYest two revolving cords 

noded with irregular enlarged retracti ve growth lines. 

Surface of whorl sculptured by submicroscopic growth 

lines slanting posteriorly at angle of approximately 45°. 

Diameter of broken specimen 25 mm. 

Fi{Jurccl specinwn: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11064. 

Locality: UCUP B1616, west bank of large canyon in SW1,4 

SE1,4 sec. 28, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. 

Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Ast1·aea n. sp. is represented by only one specimen, 

a fragment of a penultimate whorl of a moderately large 

individual, from the upper part of Olcese Sand that 

seems distinct from other species of Astraea in later 

Cenozoic of Pacific coast of North America. Another 

species of AstTaea in the upper part of Olcese Sand, A. 

biangulata Gabb, differs from this species by having a 
44 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

pair of strong widely spaced basal cords separated by a 

secondary spiral cord and generally finer, more segmented axial sculpture. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCMP loc. B1616. 

Astraea (Pomaulax) biangulata (Gabb) 

Plate 2, figures 2, 3, 6-9 

?Pachypoma biangttlata Gabb, 1866, California Geol. Survey, 

Paleontology, v. 2, p. 15, pl. 3, fig. 26. 

A.st1·aca (Pacllypoma ?) biangulata ( Gabb), Etewart, 1927, Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 78, p. 318, pl. 32, fig. 6. 

A.straliurn raymondi Clarl\:, 1915, California Univ., Dept. Geology 

Bull., v. 8, no. 22, p. 480, pl. 65, figs. 15, 16. 

A.straca mulosa ra.ym.ondi (Clark), Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and 

faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, pl. 34, 

fig. 4. 

OaZliostoma bicarinata Clark, 1915, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 22, p. 481-482, pl. 85, figs. 14, 19. 

Oalliostoma obliquistriata Trask, 1922, California Univ. Dept. 

Geology Sci. Bull., v. 13, no. 5, p. 153, pl. 7, figs. 7a, 7b. 

Astraca morani Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. 

Geology Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 271 [in part], pl. 64, 

fig. 4 [not figs. 5, 6a, 6b]. 

S~tpplementa1·y description based 'upon Kern Ri,ver 

specimens.-Large, conical, somewhat broader than 

tall. Whorls of spire delicately sculptured. Upper half 

of penultimate whorl has sinuous protractive axial ribs 

which become nodose on body whorl. Two rows of fine 

to very fine nodes separate axial ribs from set of elongate, oblique nodes, describing a near-vertical basal 

segment of penultimate whorl profile. Nodes of basal 

row more strongly d~veloped. How of finer, more numerous nodes intercalated between prominent basal 

rows. 

Type: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 4327. 

Type locality: "Miocene south of Martinez," Contra Costa 

County, Calif. ( GalJIJ, 1866, p. 15). Formations ranging in age 

from middle to late :Miocene occur in this broadly designated 

area. Reported occurrences of Astrrea in beds older than late 

Miocene. 

Type of Astralimn raymondi Clark : California Univ. Mus. 

Paleontology 31174; paratype, UCM:P 11624. 

Type locality: UCi\fP 1192, Lafayette Ridge about 11~ miles 

north of Lafayette "upper San PalJlo Group" (Clark, 1915, p. 

421). Locality plots in unit mapped as Briones Sandstone by 

Lawson (1914). 

Type of Oalliostoma bicarinatmn Clark : UCMP 11640. 

Type locality: UC?IIP 1182, about one-eighth of a mile up 

gully from cor. sec. 15, T. 1 S., R. 2,V., 1\I. D. B. and M. "Upper 

San PalJlo Group," upper Miocene (Clark, 1915, p. 421). 

Stewart (1927, p. 318) concluded that the type of 

Ast1·aea 1·aynwndi Clark was probably a smaller, immature specimen of A. biang~tlata which lacked the row 

of nodes between the noded primary spiral cords on the 

lower part of the whorls. Some specimens from the 

Olcese Sand confirm StmYart's suggestion, although the 

addition of the secondary row of nodes takes place at 

a relatively early stage of growth. !{ern River n1iocene 

specimens differ slightly from the holotype of A. ?'aynwndi by their relatively finer and 1nore closely spaced 

spiral cords on the base of the body whorl. Other 1ninor 

differences in sculpture here considered infrasubspecific 

are the position of the revolving rows of nodes on the 

upper part of the whorl of A. biang~tlata, as contrasted 

with axial aspect predominate in this area on A. raynwndi, and greater relative height of A. biang~tlata. 

Comparison of the early whorls of an imcomplete 

specimen \vith a moderately large fragment of the body 

whorl of another specimen from the !{ern River area 

(pl. 2, fig. 6) illustrates the ontogenetic change from 

relatively coarse unbroken segments of axial ribs in 

immature specimens to finer discontinuous ribs in 

mature individuals. The latter is characteristic of 

Gabb's type ( 1869, pl. 3, fig. 26). 

The holotype and a "plesiotype" [hypotype] of 

Astraea 1no7'ani Loel and Corey ( 1932, p. 271, pl. 64, 

figs. 5, 6a, 6b), an early n1iocene species from the 

Vaqueros Formation, differ from middle ~1iocene 

specimens of A. biangrztlata from the !{ern River area 

by their relatively smooth whorl profile and very 

weakly impressed sutures. The sculpture is much finer 

and the more numerous axial ribs are continuous across 

the upper part of the body whorl. A poorly preserved, crushed "plesiotype" of A. nw1·ani (Loel and 

Corey, 1932, pl. 64, fig. 4) has fewer, much coarser 

axial ribs similar to those of A. biang1tlata. In the 

absence of large collections necessary to evaluate the 

range of variation in early ~1iocene specimens of 

Astraea, this specimen is here considered distinct from 

the holotype of A. 11W?'ani and is included in the 

synonymy of A. biangrztlata. 

Oalliostoma bicw·inat~t?n Clark (1915, p. 481-482, pl. 

65, figs. 14, 19), represented by two small specimens 

from the upper part of the San Pablo Group, is a 

synonym of A. biang~tlata based on immature specimens with subdued axial sculpture. The type material 

is from a locality at which A. biang~tlata [A. ?'aymondi] was collected by Clark. 

A poorly preserved small Ast1·aea, A. obliq~tistriata 

(Trask, 1922, p. 153, pl. 7, figs. 7a, 7b) from the upper 

Miocene Briones Sandstone of Contra Costa County, 

Calif., differs from A. biang·nlata only by its coarser 

growth striae and weak axial sculpture. As these differences seem to be of infrasubspecific magnitude, A. 

obliq-uist1·iata is here considered a synonym. of A. biang1tlata. 

Distribution ancl stratigraphic occzwrence: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation, San .Joaquin Hills (Loel and Corey, 1932). 

:\liddle Miocene: Saltos Shale l\Iember of the Monterey Shale 

of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (J. G. 

Vedder, unpub. data, 1!)68) ; Olcese Sand, Kern River ar~a. 

Upper l\liocene: Briones Sandstone, Contra Costa County 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 45 

(Traslc, 1922); upper San Pablo Group (= Neroly Formation), 

Contrtt Costn County (Clnrk, 191G; 'Venver, 1949) ; Santa Margnritn Formntiou-type section, San Luis Obispo County (Nomland, 1017n) ; Comanche Point (Aclclicott and Vedder, 1963, cf.). 

l\Iodelo l!"ormntion of Onkeshott (1958), San Fernando quadrangle ( Onlceshott, 1958). 

Rango: Lower Miocene to upper Miocene. 

Loca.U.tios: Upper pnrt of Olcese Sand, UCM:P B1615. Upper 

pnrt of Olcese Sand or lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

UCMP 2713. 

Family NERITIDAE 

Genus NERITA Linne, 1859 

Type (by subsequent designation, l\1ontfort, 1810) : 

N e?'ita 1Jelo?·onta Linne. I-Iolocene, "rest Indies. 

Subgenus THELIOSTYLA Morch, 1852 

Type (by subsequent designation, ICobelt, 1879) : 

N er·lta albicilla Linne. 

Nerita (Theliostyla 1) joaquinensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 1, figures 17, 21, 22 

Small light-yellowish-tan with darker spiral bands 

a.nd very faint zigzag color pattern preserved immediately below suture. Spire immersed. Sculptured 

by microscopic, closely spaced incremental ridges. 

Aperture broadly rounded, flat n.bove and Haring below, parietnJ segment nearly vertical. Outer lip 

thickened within, regularly denticulate. Columellar lip 

armed with pair of medial clenticles. Labial area incompletely preserved, al'mecl with three granules near 

middle. 

I-Ieight 12.5 mm, width 13.9 mm (holotype). 

'l.'mws: Holotype, U.S. Nut. Mus. 650051; paratype, USNM 

6fiOOGO. 

'111J1)C locaUty: USGS l\11613, east side of gully 20 feet strntigt·nphicnlly nl1ove l\11612, 1,300 feet north, 1,450 feet east of 

SW. cor. sec. 0, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. 

r ... owcr pnrt of Hound Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

The low spire and finely dentate outer apertural lip 

suggest assignment of this species to Theliostyla, but 

because the incompletely presen·ed labial area is only 

spn.r.ingly grn.nnlate, assignment to this subgenus is 

considered doubtful. 

This is the first upper Tertiary occurrence of N e'rita 

in CnJifornia. An early l\1iocene species from Baja 

California, Ne1'ita beali Loel and Corey (1932, p. 272, 

pl. 63, figs. 6a, 6b), is similar to N. joaq1.tinensis. The 

holotypc of the early l\1iocene species (UCl\1P 31600) 

is poorly preser,·ed and does not clearly show the 

details o:f the inner aperturallip mentioned in the type 

description, the stn.ted lack of denticles on the inner 

lip (Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 272) presumably being 

clctel'lnined from other specimens. The presence of 

columellar dcnticles and the broadly inflated shell of 

N. joaquinensis permits differentiation from the early 

873-855 0-70-4 

l\iiocene species. The holotype of N. beali is a flatter, 

less inflated shell than specimens of N. joaq1tinensis, 

possibly due, in part, to deformation. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 

l\11613, M:1640. 

Order MESOGASTROPODA 

Family LA UNIDAE 

Genus LAC UN A Turton, 1827 

Type (by subsequent designation, Gray, 184 7) : 

N erita 1Jallid1.tla da Costa. Holocene, northern Europe. 

Lacuna carpenteri Anderson and Martin 

Plate 3, figures 1, 2, 22 

Lacww Ca1"JJcntcri Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 69, pl. 7, fig. 21. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

S1.tpJJlenwntm·y descri1Jtion.-Small, smooth, low 

spired. Consists of four or more gently convex whorls. 

Body ". horl about three-quarters of shell height, 

periphery angulate, sculptured with sinuous axial lines 

of grmYth, prominent near the aperture. Base of body 

whorl convex, medial part sculptured by a narrow 

spiral rib originating in final quarter turn. 

Ty]JC: Cnlifornin Acacl. Sci. 147. 

Ty]Jc locctlity: CAS 65, west bnnl.: of small canyon 11A, miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UCM:P 

B1586, near center of NW14SE14, sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. 

Lacuna carpenteri seems to be closely related and 

possibly ancestral to the living L. carinata G~uld, a 

species that has been doubtfully identified from beds 

as old as Pliocene in the Santa l\1aria basin (vVoodring and Bramlette, 1950). It differs from the possible 

descendant by having a relatively flat sided whorl profile, a relatively smaller and less flaring aperture, and 

a strongly recurved inner apertural lip. Specimens of 

L. Ca'I'JJenteri from UC:MP locality B1600 have tabulate 

whorls and rather deeply impressed sutures. A specimen from this locality (pl. 3, fig. 22) differs frmn the 

type of L. ca17Jente1'i by having a much shorter spire 

and a stronger basal angulation, but these characters 

are regarded as infrasubspecific. 

Ocmwrcnce: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11600; 

UC:MP loc. B1600. 

Family VITRINELLIDAE 

Ge~us VITRINELLA Adams, 1850 

Type (by subsequent designation, Bush, 1897) : 

Vit1·inella lzelicoidea C. B. Adams. Holocene, southeastern United States to '\Vest Indies. 
46 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Subgenus VITRINELLOPS Pilsbry and O.lsson, 1952 

Type (by original designation) : V itTineUa zonitoides 

Pilsbry and Olsson. I-Iolocene, 'vest coast of Panama. 

Included in this subgenus are species that differ from 

V itTinella s. s. by their lack of an umbilical cord or 

keel. 

Vitrinella (Vitrinellops) lens (Keen) 

Plate 2, figures 4, 5, 10 

'l'cinostoma, ( 'l'einostoma?) lens Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. 

Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 51, pl. 4, figs. 7-9. 

A small, umbilicate vitrinellid. Dorsal surface 

smooth. Sutures impressed, bordered by narrow concave channel on body whorl. 

TyzJC: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colin. 7545. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact 

near center SW14 sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, middle Miocene 

(probably same as USGS l\11612 and UCMP B1637). 

The profile and open umbilicus of this species indicate generic relationship to the I-Iolocene northeastern 

Pacific Ocean species assigned to V'itrinella. Topotypes 

of a somewhat larger ~1iocene vitrinellid from the 

Astoria Formation near Nmvport, Oreg., Oochiolepis~ 

schoonerensis ~1oore (1963, p. 24-25, pl. 1, figs. 19-21), 

differ from V. lens by their slightly elevated, relatively 

large spire with convex "·horls and rather deeply impressed sutures. 

Occttrrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 1\1:1597. 

Lower part of Round l\lountain Silt, USGS loc. l\11612. 

Family TURRITELLIDAE 

Genus TURRITELLA Lamarck, 1799 

Type (by n1onotypy) : 1'1tJ•bo te?·e7yra Linne. Holocene, tropical western Pacific. · 

Turritellas are fairly common in the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand and in the Round ~1ountain Silt. 

Lower in the ~1iocene section exposed east of Bakersfield, hmvever, there are only two occurrences although 

there are a few scattered records from well cores in the 

lower 1\iiocene Vedder Sand in this area (IGeinpell, 

1938; Addicott, 196:)a). The earliest members of two 

important late Tertiary and Quaternary T1t?'J'itella 

stocks, T. cooperi and T. b?'ode?·ipiana (l\1erriam, 

1941), make their initial appearance in the geologic 

record in the middle ~1iocene strata (upper part of the 

Olcese Sand) of the ICern R.i ver area. These stocks are 

represented by T. moodyi ~1erriam and by T. lce?'nensi8 

n. sp., respectively. The early and middle l\1iocene 

species 1'. inezana and T. ocoyana have mutually excl usi Ye, though fragmenta1~y, ranges in the ICern River 

area. T. ocoyana does not occur in faunal assemblages 

below the "Temblor Stage" in this area; in some other 

areas it ranges downward into assemblages referable 

to the underlying "Vaqueros Stage" that also contain 

T. inezana (Loel and Corey, 19B2; Repenning and 

Vedder, 1961). 

Subgenus? (Turritella cooperi stock of Merriam) 

Turritella moodyi Merriam 

Plate 2, ·figures 11-14 

Turritclla. mooclyi Applin l\IS, Merriam, 1941, California Univ., 

Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., Y. 26, no. 1, p. 121, pl. 33, figs. 5-7. 

Small, "·eakly sculptured. Early profile subcarinate 

anteriorly; flat abo,·e, slightly concave below. Profile 

of later whorls gently convex. Anterior hal£ of early 

"·horls "·ith strong spiral thread that becomes more 

subdued in later "·horls. Secondary spiral sculpture of 

very fine, closely spaced, rounded threads usually present anterior to primary spiral cord but weakly deYelopecl or obsolete in posterior part of whorl. Secondary thread near posterior quarter line of later whorls, 

usually becoming more strongly developed than the 

others, giving a faint bicostate appearance to whorls. 

Strong secondary thread developed near middle of 

whorl on some specimens. Growth line with welldeveloped antispiral sinus; apex of sinus below midline of whorl. Gro"·th-line angle about 20°-25°. 

Type: California UniY. 1\lus. Paleontology 12452. 

Type locality: UC:\lP 2713, Temblor loc. 1, Caliente quadrangle'? :Miocene. 

Several 'vell presen·ed specimens of T1trritella 

moodyi at hand clearly show the cingulate ribbing of 

early whorls and grmYth line configuration characteristic of the · T. cooJJe?'i stock (l\1erriam, 1941). 

Therefore, the first appearance of this stock can now 

be recognized as definitely middle :Niiocene. 

The final whorls of some of the largest specimens 

(pl. 2, fig. 12) becomes rather convex and tend to pull 

apart at the sutures. Sculptural variation consisting of 

rather strong secondary threads and a spiral channel 

at the posterior quarter line are also shown by this 

specimen. A fragment of the early whorls of another 

specimen (pl. 2, fig. 14) is evenly, yet "·ealdy, bicostate, 

an unusual condition among the many individuals 

aYailable for study. 

TW'I'itella 1rwodyi approaches Yery closely certain 

Yariants of T. cooJJeJ·i in "·hich the posterior primary 

rib may be rather "·eakly developed. I-Iowever, the 

delicate Yery weakly developed sculpture, consistent 

lack of 'vell-developecl bicostate sculpture, and practically straight whorl profile permit differentiation of 

T. moodyi from the late :Niiocene to I-Iolocene species. 

Distribution and strati[}raphic occm-rencc: Topanga :F'ormation, Santa i\lonica Mountains (USGS loc. M2772). 

Range: l\liddle l\liocene. 
ORDER ~ESOGASTROPODA 47 

Localities: r...ower part of the Round Mountain Silt. USGS 

a88G, GOO(), GQ23, 1\IlQO<.!, l\11609-l\11613, l\11696, M2480; UOMP 

B1618, lHG20, B1G25, B1637, B1638. 

Subgenus~ (Turritella broderipiana stock of Merriam) 

Turritella kernensis Addicott, n, sp. 

Plate 2, figures 16, 17, 23-25 

~'mTitcll(t u. sp. (afJinity • j1·cya or vanvlcclci) Merriam, 1941, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 1, p. 125, 

pl. 37, fig. 5. 

Small, with broad apical angle. Nuclear whorls Ine-

<lially costate, adolescent whorls subangulate slightly 

anterior to midline; profile flat above, concave below. 

Basal primary of adolescent whorls produces an appressed suture. Adult whorl profile flat to gently convex. ~1e<.lial and basal primary spirals much subdued 

to obsolete on later whorls. Secondary sculpture of fine, 

closely spaced cords on earlier whorls and tertiary · 

threads on later whorls. Base of body whorl gently concave, ornamented as on sides of whorl. Growth line 

broad, shallow sinused, angle about 10°-15°. 

I-Ieight (incomplete) 20.7 mm, width (almost in-

<:omplete) 8.5 mm (holotype). 

'l'Y1)08: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650059; paratypes, USNM 

650058, USNM 650061. 

~'1/1)0 locauty: USGS l\U598, west bank of large southwardtrending canyon, 1,400 feet west, 700 feet north of SE. cor. sec. 

28, ~L'. 28 S., H. 29 E., Rio Bravo Uanch quadrangle. Near top 

of Olcese Saud, middle Miocene. · 

This species has been considered the earliest California representative of the tropical eastern Pacific 

T'lt/rritella b1·ocle'ripiana stock (Merriam, 1941, p. 50), 

apparently on the basis of its mesocostate nuclear sculpture, appressed sutural ribs, and fine, uniform adult 

sculpture. T'he growth-line angle is about 10°-15° on 

the holotype and the adult paratype specimens. This 

angle is approximately half of that listed for other 

Tertiary species referred to this stock by Merriam. The 

discrepancy may be the result of the relatively small 

size of specimens of T. lce?""Mnsis. 

T?.w?·itella lce?·nensis occurs at only a few localities in 

the upper part of the Olcese Sand. The most character.ist.ic morphologic feature of this species is the concave part of the whorl profile on the anterior half of 

the earlier whorls. In other respects, the sculpture and 

shape is often variable. A primary spiral cord is 

usually developed at or just below the midline of the 

mnlier whorls but becomes obsolete on adult whorls. 

The basal primary becomes obsolete on the later whorls 

although still expressed as an abrupt angulation on the 

body whorl. The base of the body whorl varies from 

gently convex to nearly fiat. l\fany specimens have 

very rapidly enlarging early whorls succeeded by adult 

whorls of nearly constant width. The resulting profile 

is characterized by a broad apical angle and bulletshaped profile (pl. 2, fig. 17). 

The growth-line sinus and the acute growth-line 

angle of T. lcernensis distinguish this species frmn the 

similarly sculptured late Tertiary species T. j1·eya Nomland and 1'. vanvleclci Arnold. Unforunately, fossils 

collected are seldom in a state of preservation that 

sho\YS the growth line, so that ordinarily discrimination must be based on details of sculpture. T. j?·eya, a 

late l\1iocene species from the Santa Margarita Formation of central California, differs from T. km'nensis by 

having fewer and more coarse spiral ribs above the 

strong medial carina, a strong secondary cord immediately posterior to the basal primary spiral cord in 

the concave anterior part of the earlier whorls, and an 

open growth line which describes a n1oderately large 

growth-line n,ngle. Comparison of the holotype and 

paratype of T. j1·eya suggests a large range of variation in that species. 

The coarse spiral ribbing of T?.t?·ritella vanvlecki 

Arnold distinguishes that species fron1 the more delicately sculptured T. ke1·nensis. There is some difficulty, 

however, in distinguishing l\1erriain's two subspecies of 

T. vanvlecki (1941) from the J(ern River 1\'Iiocene 

species. Hypotypes of T. vanvlecki teglandae Merriam 

(1941, pl. 37, figs. 4, 6, 8-10) seem most closely related 

to the holotype of T. lcernensis. They differ by having 

a strong medial keel and fmv~r but stronger spiral 

cords. Some variants have strong secondaries at the 

anterior quarter line and, occasionally, at the posterior 

quarter line. The finely ribbed type of T. vanvlecki 

teglandae also has a rather weak primary spiral near 

the anterior quarter line. vVoodring and Bramlette 

( 1950, p. 71, pl. 13, fig. 13) figured a specimen from the 

type locality of T. vanvlecki teglandae in the Santa 

l\1aria basin as T. gonost01na hen11Jhilli, concluding 

that l\1erriam's two subspecies are synonyms and that 

they are more closely related to the Holocene T. gonostoma than toT. vanvlecki. 

It is difficult to follow a consistent treatment of the 

T?.t?·?·itella stocks. The recognition of specific and subspecific taxa of the T. gonostoma-T. vanvleclci group in 

California, for example, is more greatly refined than 

the T. ocoyana stock, which may be equally variable, 

although represented by a single species in California. 

For the present, considerable variation is recognized 

within T. lceTnensis. Two varieties are a short, stout 

form with the medial carination present on only the 

earliest whorls (pl. 2, fig. 17) and a form with persistent unicostate sculpture (pl. 2, figs. 16, 25). The first 

form is comparable to T. vanvlecki hemphilli, the second to some of Merriam's hypotypes of T. vanvlecki 

teglandae (1941, pl. 37). 
48 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY,- KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Distribtttion and stratigraphic occurrence: Temblor Formation, Reef Ridge (l\Ierriam, 1941) ; reportedly from an unspecified formation (UC~IP loc. 1212) near l\Iuir Station, Contra 

Costa County (Merriam, 1941). [·weaver (1953, p. 64) lists 

1'twritclla tcrnblorcn8,is "\-Viedey from t\Yo localities in the middle 

:Miocene Sobrante Formation of this general area]. Topanga 

Formation, Santa l\Ionica l\Iountains (USGS loc. l\11076). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\i1597, l\11598; 

UCMP B1598, B1614. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

USGS l\1:1611. 

Subgenus TORCULA Gray, 1847 

Type (by original designation) .-Turbo exoletus 

Linne. Holocene, southern Florida and "'\Vest Indies. 

Turritella (Torcula) cf. T. (T.) inezana Conrad 

A crushed, incomplete specimen from a core of the 

Vedder Sand (2,060 ft) in L. and B. Producing Jewett 

1 (NE1JtSW1;4 sec. 19, T. 28 S., R. 29 E.) seems to be 

referable to T1tr1'itella inezana. Although unsuitable 

for figuring, this individual agrees reasonably well 

with lV[erriam's supplementary description (1941) of 

T'lt1'1'itella inezana Conrad. It has the sutural disjunction, obsolete adult sculpture, and strong growth lines 

that Merrimn described as gerontic characters. 

Three poorly preserved specimens from the basal 

conglomeratic sandstone of the Jewett Sand at Pyramid Hill (LACl\iiP loc. 462) also seem to be referable 

to this species. These large, flat-sided individuals are 

the first record of this species from lower l\1iocene 

exposures in the southeastern part of the San Joaquin 

Valley. There are, however, several unpublished subsurface records from the Vedder Sand in the vicinity 

of Round Mountain oil field (Alex Clark, Dept. Geology, California Univ., Riverside, unpub. data, 1930-

35) which is 11;2-3 1niles basin ward from lower Miocene outcrops. This species has been cored in an oil well 

southeast of Bakersfield, General Petroleum I{erwin 

1, sec. 5, T. 30 S., R. 29 E. (Corey in Cushman and 

Laiming, 1931, p. 85). 

The reported occurrence of T'ltn'itella inezana in 

beds stratigraphically above a Relizian Stage foraminiferal assemblage (Schenck, 1935, p. 524; I{leinpell, 1938, p. 73) led IGeinpell to depict the biozone of 

this lower Miocene guide fossil as extending into the 

upper part of his middle l\1iocene [Relizian and Luisian Stages]. This undocumented record, from the 

vicinity of Sulphur Springs Creek on the north side of 

the Caliente Range in eastern San Luis Obispo County, 

more likely is of a species closely related to the T. 

inezana gens that was later named T. carrisaensis var. 

pad1·onesensis Grant and Eaton (Eaton and others, 

1941, p. 236). The recent discovery of T. ocoyana at the 

type locality of T. pad,ronesensis (J. G. Vedder, oral 

commun., 1965) required a change to 1niddle Miocene 

from the original age assignment of late l\1iocene (Eaton and others, 1941). The Sulphur Springs Creek 

locality about 12 miles to the west of Padrones Spring 

is also of 1niddle l\1iocene age based on the reported 

joint occurrence of T. ]Jad1·onesensis with T. ocoyana 

(Reed in Eaton and others, 1941, p. 256) and the position stratigraphically above Relizian foraminifers. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Vedder Sand, UCR loc. PR 604. 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, LACl\fiP loc. 462 (=USGS loc. 

M1591). 

Turritella (Torcula) inezana pervulgata Merriam 

Plate 2, figure 18 

Tttrritclla vadata Conrad. Wiedey, 1928, San Diego Soc. Nat. 

History Trans., v. 5, no. 10, p. 120-121 [in part], pl. 12, 

fig. 8. 

Tttrritclla inczana (Conrad) 8C8peen8i8 Arnold, Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ. Dept. Geology Sci. Bull., v. 22, 

no. 3, p. 258-259 [in part], pl. 58, figs. 7, 14 [not figs. 

6, 10, 13, 15]. 

Turritella inezana pcrvulgata Merriam, 1941, California Univ. 

Dept. Geology Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 1, p. 108-109, pl. 25, 

figs. 7, 11. 

Type: California Univ. l\Ius. Paleontology 31686. 

Type locality: UCMP A330, north side Ojai to upper Ojai 

Valley Pass along ridge east of first west bend in new highway 

(not on Santa Paula quadrangle, 1910 ed.). Vaqueros Formation, lower Miocene. 

This subspecies is represented by a broken specimen 

from a core of the Vedder Sand (Shell "Edison" 2-1, 

SE1JtN'V1;4 sec. 33, T. 29 S., R. 29 E.) near the Edison 

Groves area of Edison oil field. It differs from the holotype by its broader subsutural carina and more closely 

spaced secondary spiral cords. 

Other turritellas from a well near Round l\iountain 

field to the north (UCR locs. PR 604 and PR 605, L. 

and B. Producing "Jewett" 1, sec. 19, T. 28 S., R. 29 

E.) are doubtfully identified as this subspecies because 

of their very fine secondary spiral cords and, on one 

specimen, concave whorl profile. These specimens resemble a form that Eaton and others ( 1941, pl. 1, figs. 

3, 3a) figured as T. inez ana var. sespeensis Arnold. 

They differ, however, fron~ Arnold's holotype (USNM 

164,970) by the clear differentiation between the posterior carina and the much finer secondary spiral sculpture below. On the original figure of T. inezana sespeensis (Arnold, 1907, pl. 51, fig. 6) the associated matrix was cropped so that the specimen appears to taper 

toward the aperture. It seems possible that T. inezana 

santana Loel and Corey ( 1932, p. 259-260, pl. 59, figs. 

10-15) should be included in the synonymy of Arnold's 

poorly illustrated subspecies because it too is characterized by anterior primary and sutural spiral cords of 

nearly equal strength separated from the posterior 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 49 

carinn. by a. concave segment sculptured by fine spiral 

thren.ds in some specimens. 

Occtt1TCnoc anll stmti{J1'0-1Jh'iC ll'i8t1'ibution: Lower Miocene: 

Salinas Valley, San Luis Ouispo urea, Ojai Valley, Piru quadrangle, l\Iount Pinos qundrungle, western Santa Monica Mountnins (l\Ierrinm, 1041) ; well cores east of Bnkersfield (Addicott, 

l!)U71t) ; ( '!) Cnjon l'n~s, Snn Bernardino County (Corey in Van 

Amringc nnd Kilkenne~·, 1964 [as 71. inezmw var. scspeensis]). 

l~angc: Lower l\Iiocenc. 

Loca,lUics: Upper pnrt of Vedder Sand, UCR 1301, PR 604 cf., 

PR GOG cf. 

Turritella (Toroura 1) of. T. (T.1) padronesensis Grant and Eaton 

Plate 2, figure 19 

This species is doubtfully represented by abraded 

fragments of a medium-sized shell from UCMP locality B1616 in the upper part of the Olcese Sand. The 

whorl profile is concave and is marked by a strong 

subsutural keel that is subangular where best preserved. Spiral sculpture consists of a prominent subsutural keel and two broad cords of secondary strength 

near the anterior quarter line and at the base of the 

whorl. Tertiary spiral threads are present but badly 

worn. Growth lines are not preserved. 

The worn 'l''lt?•J•itella fragments are tentatively compared to '1'. 2Jacl1·onesensis because, where not badly 

n.braclecl, the subsntural keel seems to be subangular. 

The angularity of the keel was the principal character 

by which a group of rather poorly preserved topotypes 

of '1.'. ]Jetd1·onesensis in U.S. Geological Survey collec- . 

tions :from the Caliente Range, eastern San Luis 

Obispo County, could be satisfactorily differentiated· 

from specimens of '1'. inezana altaco1·ona Loel and 

Corey (1932, p. 256, pl. 57, figs. 1-7). Most of the better 

preserved topotype specimens of the '1.'. ]Jad?·o?w8ensis 

have a secondary spiral cord at about the anterior onethird line, as do many specimens of '1.'. inezana altaco?·ona. Because there is a much closer degree of morphological similarity bet"·een '1.'. ]Jad1·onesensis and T. 

inezana altaco1•ona than between the former species and 

T. ca1·risaensis Anderson and ~1artin (1914, p. 70-71, 

pl. 4, fig. 4), '1'. 2Jad1·onesensis is tentatively grouped 

with species of the '1.'. inezana lineage. Heretofore, 

rnem hers of this lineage have not been recognized in 

strata above the lower ~1iocene "Vaqueros Stage" of 

the Pacific coast larger invertebrate chronology o:f "r e~tver and others ( 1944). Features by which '1.'. 

]Jach·onesensis and 1'. inezana altaco1•ona may be distinguished are minor, and it seems possible that careful 

study of '"ell-preserved material might result in treating '1.'. 1Jad1·onesensis as a. junior synonym. 

The type of '1. '~t1'7'itella ca1·1·isaensis differs from '1.'. 

]Jad1··onesensis by lacking an appressed suture, by having a sharply n.ngular subsutural keel with a relatively 

long, straight slope between the suture and the periphery, and by having a relatively straight whorl profile 

below the keel. 1'. cw·risaensis ranges from n1iddle Miocene to upper l\1iocene in California (Repenning and 

Vedder, 1961). 

Tw·1·itella pad1·onesensis was described from a Inarine lens in the nonmarine Caliente Forn1ation in the 

eastern Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1941), 

where it is associated with "SiJJlwnalia" danvillensis 

Clark and Ly1·opecten cf. L. est1·ellan~ts (Conrad) (Hepenning and Vedder, 1961). As discussed under '1.'. 

inezana, Vedder's recent discovery of T. ocoyana at the 

type locality of T. pad1·onesensis indicates a 1niddle 

l\1iocene rather than late ~1iocene age. Another joint 

occurrence of '1'. ]JaclTonesensis with '1.'. ocoyana in the 

north"·estern part of the Caliente Range has been reported by Reed (in Eaton and others, 1941, p. 236). 

Loel and Corey's specimens of 1'. inezana altaco1·ona 

(1932, pl. 57, figs. 4, 5, 7) from strata in the La Panza 

Range considered transitional between the lower Miocene "Vaqueros Stage" and the middle Miocene "Temblor Stage" may belong with 1'. zJad1·onesensis. These 

specimens were considered to be doubtfully identified 

as '1.'. inezana altacoTona by l\1errimn ( 1941, p. 109). 

Occnrrcnce: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCMP loc. B1616. 

Subgenus1 (Turritella ocoyana stock of Merriam) 

Turritella ocoyana Conrad 

Plate 2, figures 20-22, 26-28 

Ttwritclla, ocoyana Conrad, 1855, U.S. 33d Cong., 1st sess., 

House Ex. Doc. 129, p. 10. 

Conrad, 1857, U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78, 

Appendix art. 2, p. 329, pl. 8, figs. 73, 73a, b, and possibly 

unnumbered internal mold. 

Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Folio 163, illus. 2, fig. 43. 

Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, pl. 8, figs. 1, 2. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 30, figs. 1, 2. 

l\IcLaughlin and Waring, 1914, California Mining Bur. Bull. 

69, map folio, fig. 34. 

Hertlein and Jordan, 1927, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 

4, v. 16, no. 19, pl. 19, fig. 2. 

'Viedey, 1928, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 5, 

no. 10, p. 120, pl. 10, figs. 1-9. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 29, fig. 13. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 260-261, pl. 60, figs. 1 [reproduction of 

Conrad's original fig. 73a], 2, 5-8, 10-12, pl. 61, figs. 1, 4, 6. 

Bremner, 1933, Santa Barbara Mus. Nat. History Occasional Paper 2, pl. 3, fig. 4. 

Reed, 1933, Geology Californina, p. 288, fig. 58, no. 10. 

l\Ierriam, 1941, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, 

no. 1, p. 112-114, pl. 28, figs. 1-6, 8-10; pl. 29, figs. 2, 5, 6; 

pl. 30, fig. 7 ; pl. 31, fig. 1. 

Grant and Eaton, 1941, Am. Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 25, no. 2, pl. 1, figs. 7, 7a, 7b. 
50 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Tnrritella ocovana Conrad-continued 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 37. 

Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 172, fig. 63-6. 

Shimer and Shrocl{, 1944, Index fossils of North America, 

p. 495, pl. 202, fig. 16. 

Woodring and others, 1946, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

207, pl. 28, fig. 2. 

Stewart, 1946, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 205-C, pl. 17, 

fig. 10. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, pl. 2, 

fig. 15. 

Tun·itclla busci Hertlein and. Jordan, 1.967, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. 19, p. 634-635, pl. 21, figs. 1, 2. 

·wiedey, 1928, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 5, 

no. 10, p. 117-119, pl. 10, fig. 7, pl. 11, figs. 1-3, 5. 

TmTitella ocoyana. busci Hertlein and .Jordan, Bremner, 1932, 

Santa Barbara Mus. Nat. History, Occasional Paper 1, 

pl. 3, fig. 3. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 262-263, pl. 60, figs. 3, 4, 9 ; pl. 61, fig. 5. 

Grant and Eaton, 1941, Am. 'Assoc. Petroleum Geologists 

Bull., v. 25, no. 2, pl. 1, figs. 8, Sa, 8b. 

Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, Ca~ifornia Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 174, fig. 63-23. 

Turritella ocoyana (Conrad) var. bosei (Hertlein rrnd Jordan), 

Bremner, 1933, Santa Barbara Mus. Nat. History, Occasional Paper 2, pl. 3, fig. 7. 

Merriam, 1941, California Univ. Dept. Geol·. Sci. Bull., v. 26, 

no. 1, p. 114, pl. 29, fig. 3. 

Tu.rritella witUchi Hertlein and Jordan, 1927, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 16, no. 19, p. 22, pl. 21, figs. 3, 4. 

Turritella ocoyana (Conrad) wittichi (Hertlein and Jordan), 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 263-265, pl. 61, fig. 3. 

Turritella ocoyana var. wittichi Hertlein and Jordan, Merriam, 

1941, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 1, 

p. 114-115, pl. 29, fig. 1. 

Lectotype: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 31641 ( designated by Merriam, 1941). 

Type locality: UCi\fP 2713, "Poso Creek, Kern River region, 

east of Bakersfield" (Merriam, 1941, p. 188). Locality register 

at Berl{eley, Calif., contains this description: Temblor loc. 1. 

Caliente quad.?, Miocene. 

Type of Turritella bosei Hertlein and E. K. .Jordan: Stanford 

Univ. paleontology type colln. 5893. 

Type locality: SU 66, San Ignacio Arroyo, 8 km southwest 

of San Ignacio, Lower California. Isidro Formation of Helm 

( 1922) , lower Miocene. 

Type of Turritella wittichi Hertlein and Jordan: Stanford 

Univ. paleontology type colln. 5894. 

T11Pe locality: T1trrifclla bed above San Gregorio Lagoon, on 

trail from Arroyo 1\Iesquital to La Purisima, 120 miles north of 

Magdalena Bay, Lower California. 

T'ltrritella ocoyana was originally described from 

field sketches of casts and molds from a stratum in the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand along Poso [Ocoya] 

Creek. Although the original material is known only 

from the published field drawings, there has been little 

difficulty in recognizing this species in a broad sense. A 

latex cast of a specimen from what is probably Blake's 

original loca.lity ( 1857, p. 179) is figured on plate 2, 

figure 27. This locality (USGS Cenozoic loc. :.MJ689) 

is about 200-300 feet belo'Y the top of the Olcese Sand. 

A lectotype selected by l\ierrian1 ( 1941, pl. 29, fig. 5) 

from an unspecified locality in the I{ ern River area, 

east of Bakersfield, seems to adequately represent the 

original drawings of T. ocoyana as well as specimens 

subsequently collected from locality l\1:1689. It should 

be noted, however, that the lectotype is definitely from 

a higher stratigraphic position and presumably from 

the I\: ern River drainage to the south of Poso Creek. 

T"·o species of T1.t'J'1'itella from the l\iiocene Isidro 

Formation of Heim ( 1922) of Baja California, T. bosei 

Hertlein and Jordan and T. 1.vittichi Hertlein and J ordan, have been generally recognized as forms that intergrade with T. ocoyana (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 

775; Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 262-263; l\ierriam, 1941, 

p. 114-115). Originally T. bosei was differentiated 

from T. ocoyana by its angulate carina and also its 

slightly concave profile and relatively coarse ribbing 

above the carina. Subsequently, vViedey (1928, p. 117-

118) synonymized figured specimens ofT. ocoyana that 

were sharply carinate under T. bosei. 'iV11ile this treatment may have seemed reasonable from the standpoint 

of Conrad's original figures alone, collections from 

higher in the l\iiocene section in the l{ern River area 

and elsewhere (Loel and Corey, 1932) often include 

suites of individuals that demonstrate an intergradation between the sharply and weakly carinate forms. 

'~T oodring ( 1928, p. 96) first implied varietal relationship of the two Baja California forms with T. ocoyana. 

Hertlein and Jordan and some subsequent authors have 

considered T. 1.oittichi with its weakly carinate, more 

evenly convex adult volutions to be more distinct fron1 

T. ocoyana than is T. bosei. 'Viedey ( 1928), hmvever, 

placed T. 1.vittichi in the synonymy of T. ocoyana. · 

'Viedey (1928) and Loel and Corey (1932) included 

a form with wide apical angle and relatively short 

whorls from middle l\iiocene strata in the Santa l\ionica l\iountains and the l{ern River area with T. bosei. 

This stout strongly .carinated forn1 was later named T. 

ocoyana var. topangensis by l\ierriam ( 1941, p. 115). 

He pointed out that T. bosei could be differentiated by 

its slender apical angle and relative elongation of the 

shell and treated this taxon as a variety of T. ocoyana. 

His careful description of variability of T. ocoyana 

s. s., however, seems broad enough to permit inclusion 

of l{ern River specimens that appear to be referable to 

this variety. 

Those specimens that resemble T. bosei and T. 1.oittichi in collections from the I\: ern River l\1.iocene sequence are included with T. ocoyana as unnamed forms, 

this treatment being predicated on finding apparent 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 51 

intcrgradation of forms with strongly carinate and 

i'clativcly eon vex "·hod profiles in the co11ections. The 

int:crgradation is best shown in specimens from the top 

o:f a diaJomaecous mudstone unit in the upper part of 

the Ronnd ?\{onntrtin Silt about 1 mile south of the 

ju11etion of Cottonwood Creek with !Cern River 

(TTCMJ? loe. BJ i>8H). ~1ost specimens collected from 

this bed wonld be elassifiecl as T. ocoyana s. s. or T. 

oaoyann fonna bosci. A few individuals approach J'. 

O('oycwa :forma lOJ)((n,qensis nncl T. ocoyana forma ~vitt:ich i. Locl and Corey ( 1982, p. 265) described a suite of 

'1'. of:o:IJana front the Vaqueros ["Stage"] of the La 

Pan:la. ~fountains ''"hich shmYed a similar intergradation. 

There arc rnany exceptionally well preserved juveH"i lc speeimcns of Tw•J·i.tella ocoyana in collections from 

1TSGS 'loeali(y ~'f1507. These show an early sculptural 

paHern similar to that of the northern California to 

'Va:.,hingt·on middle l\1iocene species T. oTegonensis 

(pl. 2, fig. li>). A pair of primary spiral cords is in the 

anterior haH of the sculpture of the .first few postnudear whorls. 'VllCrens this bicost:ate pattern remains 

<lorninnnt in the later whorls of 1'. 07'egonensi8, several 

additional prinmry spirals are added on the later 

whorls of 1'. oeoyana, and eventual accentuation of the 

whorl profile ncar the position of the anterior spiral 

produC'es the eharacteristic anterior keel of this species. 

The strongly en.rinat~ late Pleistocene species Ttl/1"1-itella .rJI'etnti Valentine and Susuki (1959, text fig. 2) is 

similar to T. or.oyama in whorl profile but can be distiHguishcd from .it by the j)resence of a unique growth 

line, the spiral sinus of which describes a negative 

growth-line angle. 

"Toodring (19f>7, p. 107) noted that TttJ?"'fitella ocoyan((, .is a tropical immigrant, there being earlier spee.ies referable to the 'I'. or.oyana stock in low latitudes. 

~\lt·hongh t·his st·ock extinct in California at the end of 

the middle l\'Lio<'ene, there are survivors in the late Mio-

<:ene of tropi.c:al An1crica. 

.1Ji:·dri1mtinn mHl Nlntli.qrat>hic occtwrcnce: Lower Miocene: 

VaquPrOH l~'onnation-Calitonte H.n11g·e (lDaton ancl others, 1941; 

Ht•ppnuing- and Vl•dtler, l!lGl), La Panza Range, Channel Islands, 

wt•~-<t"t•J'Il ~:tnta ::\[onica ::\lou11tains, nnd San .Joaquin Hills (Loel 

antl ( 'o•·t·y, 1!)H2). ::\litldlt• ::\lioepne: Lompi<.:o Sandstone of Clark 

(l!)(i(i), Hnnt:a Cruz ::\lountain::;; '.rpmhlor ]formation-northern 

Ha11ta Luda Mountains (~L'•·nsl•, l!l2G; Herold, 1935), Panoche 

IIillH (Payn(', l!Hil), ::\[onocline Ridg-e (Zimmerman, 1944), 

Clllthw Cl't•pl' (Andpt·son, 1908; A twill, 1035), Anticline Ridge 

(Anwl<l and Andt•r::;on, 1910; Woodring and others, 1940; 

A<lt•g-ok(•, l!Hi7), Chol:.tnw Hills (Dickinson, 1963), Reef Ridge 

("'oo(ll'ing- and ot:hPrs, 1!140; Stewart, Hl46; Adegoke, 1967), 

BPlri()g·p oil fipld, Wl'HtPrn Kern County ('Vluuton, 1943), La 

l'amm llang-t:• (Andt-rson a11d :\lartin, 1!)14; Loel and Corey, 

lna~). Calic•nte H.nng-e (Eaton and others, 1941); unnamed 

fonuntion of millllle .i.UiO<.'l•ne nge, Caltie11te Range (Dougherty, 

1940) ; Twisselmann Sandstone Member of the Monterey Formation of Heil~kila and MacLeod (1951, cf.), northern Temblor 

Range; "Temblor" Sandstone, central Santa Ynez Mountains 

(Dibblee, 1967) ; "TemlJlor or Vaqueros," Tejon Hills (Clark in 

)lerriam, 1916) ; Vaqueros Formation-Griswold Hills (Anderson and Pack, 1915), Devil's Den area and northern Temblor 

Range (Arnold, 1909) ; Monterey Group, upper Santa Ynez 

River (Kew, 1919) ; Monterey Shale-western Ventura basin 

(Bailey in Redwine, 1952), Santa Cruz Island (Kennett in Redwine, 19G2) ; Mount Pinos quadrangle and Simi Valley (Merriam, 1!)41) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains 

(Woodring, in Hoots, 1931; Grant in Soper, 1938; Neuerberg, 

1053), San .Toaquin Hills (Vedder and others, 1957), Santa Ana 

l\lountnins (lDnglish, 192G; Vedder and ·woodring, unpub. data, 

1!):)3), eastern Puente Hills (Vedder in Durham and Yerkes, 

1964) ; San Onofre· Breccia, northwestern Peninsular Range 

(Woodford, 1025) ; Conejo Volcanics of Kennett in Redwine and 

others (1952), Santa Rosa Island. 

Ra.ngc: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\H593. Middle 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS )11698. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

USGS 1\115!)7, 1\11598, 1\11600, l\11622; UCMP B1596, B1600, 

B1603, B161G, B1622, Bl623, B1640, B1643. Round Mountain 

Silt, USGS 60G3, 6608, 6610, 6611, .6623, 6625, 13361, M1605, 

1\llGOli, 1\11608, M1611, ?M2480; UCMP B1588, B1G92, B1609, 

B1611, B1625, B1630, B1636, B1638, B1678. 

Turritella ocoyana forma topangensis Merriam 

Plate 2, figures 29-31 

Tttrritclln ocoycma. var. topnn,qcnsis Merriam, 1941, California 

Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 1, p. 115, pl. 30, 

figs. 1-3, 5. 

'l'urritclln ocoynna topangcnsis Merriam, Schenck and Keen, 

1950, California fossils for the field geologist, p. 70, pl. 14, 

fig. 6. 

'l.'ttn·i.tclla ocoyana Oonrnd, Arnold, 1007, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., 

v. 32, p. l:i46, pl. 51, figs. 7-9. 

Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. No. 309, 

pl. 41, figs. 7-9. 

'1'1t•rritcHn ocoyana, ( Conrnd) 1Jijsd (Hertlein aud .Jordan), Loel 

and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 262-263 (in part), pl. 61, figs. 7, 9, 10; 

pl. 62, fig. 1. 

'1'111Titclla ocoyann bijsci Hertlein and .Jordan, Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 174, fig. 

63-22. 

Type: California Univ. :Mus. Paleontology 31648. 

T1J1)C loca.Uty: UC:MP AG5G, shell IJreccia zone corresponding 

to locality A554 including 'l'nrritclla bed 3 feet IJelow along top 

of l\IeHa l'l'nk and down to ~addle in trail to nol'thwt:·~t. Northcentral part sec. 24, '1.'. 1 S., R. 18 ,V., Calabasas quadrangle. 

'"Tt:•mblor, l\Iiocene." 

This form ''"as originally recognized by Loel and 

Corey (19i-12, p. 262), who included it as an unnamed 

variant of 1'ttJ?'ritella ocoyana bosei, from which it was 

said to differ by having a broad apical angle and a 

very strong carina near the base. Subsequently, ~1erriam ( 1 D±l) eli ll'crentinted this distinctive form from 

1'. or;oyana b.o.r·wi. He noted that these strongly keeled 

forms of 1'. or:oyana diller principally in apical angle 

and relative elongation of the shell. l-Ie states (p. 114) 

that the Baja California, variety, 1'. ocoyctJna bosei, 
52 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

differs from T. ocoyana topangensis "in having a pleural angle only a little over half that of the California 

variety." 

T. ocoyana topangensis is represented in collections 

from the J(ern River area by a few specimens from the 

T~trritella bed near the mouth of Cottonwood Creek 

(UCl\1P loc. B1588; USGS M1605). At this and a few 

other localities in the upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, many individuals are strongly carinate, but, 

as a rule, do not have the extremely wide apical angle 

of T. ocoywna topangensis. It is probably from this 

stratigntphic interval that Loel and Corey (1932) first 

recognized this broad strongly carinate variant in the 

Kern River area. 

Distribution and straUg1·aphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

"Vaqueros" strata of the Caliente Range (.T. G. Vedder, written 

commun., December 1967) ; Vaqueros Formation, San Joaquin 

Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958, cf.) ; Temblor Formation, La 

Panza Range (Merriam, 1941) ; Temblor Formation of Page and 

others (1951), Santa Ynez Mountains; Topanga FormationSanta Monica Mountains (Loel and Corey, 1932; Merriam, 

1941) ; San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958), Santa 

Ana Mountains (Vedder and Woodring, unpub. data, 1953). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6628 ; UCMP 

B1598. Round Mountain Silt, USGS M1605; UCMP B1588. 

Family CERITHIOPSIDAE 

Genus CERITHIOPSIS Forbes and Hanley, 1851 

Type (by monotypy) : 11/~trew tubercularis Montagu. 

Recent, Europe. 

Cerithiopsis a:ff. C. subgloriosa Baker, Hanna: and Strong 

A fragment of a small cerithiopsid from the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand (USGS loc. M1597) resembles 

a living species from the Gulf of California, Oerithiopsis subgloriosa Baker, Hanna and Strong (1938, p. 

218-219, pl. 18, fig. 7). The final two whorls are nearly 

complete. The sculpture consists of three spiral cords 

that are crossed by about 20 axial ribs. The body whorl 

has a strong peripheral keel which is not exposed in 

the suture of earlier whorls. It is bordered, on the base, 

by a sulcus bordered, in turn, by an indistinct broad 

spiral swelling. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1597. 

Family CERITHIIDAE 

Genus BITTIUM Leach in Gray, 1847 

Type (by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847) : 

Murew reticulatus Montagu. Holocene, Europe. 

Bittium topangensis (Arnold) 

Plate 3, figures 4-7, 13, 14 

Oerithium topangensis Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 

32, no. 1545,· p. 531, pl. 40, figs. 7, 8. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull .• 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 252, pl. 46, figs. 13, 14. 

Oerithium arnoldi Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 71, pl. 7, fig. 12. [not Bittittm 

arnoldi Bartsch, 1911, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 40, no. 

1826, p. 411-412, pl. 56, fig. 1.] 

?Oerithiopsis turneri Clark, 1915, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 22, p. 490, pl. 65, figs. 1, 2. 

?Bittiu;nL trampasensis Clark, 1915, California Univ., Dept. 

Geology Bull., v. ·s, no. 22, p. 489-490, pl. 65, figs. 3, 5. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 164976. 

TyP,e locality: Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of 

Calabhsas, Los Angeles County, Calif. Topanga Formation, 

middle Miocene. 

Type of Oerithium m·noldi Anderson and Martin : California 

Acad. Sci. 151. 

Type localUy: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon nl>out 1~ 

miles· due north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

The short anterior canal, subtruncate base of the 

body whorl, and lack of a posterior canal suggest reassignment of this species to Bitti1t1n. Although the 

apertures of specimens in the collections are incomplete, there is no evidence of the recurved ba.se of the 

columella and the well-developed anterior and posterior canals characteristic of Oerithiunt. Subgeneric 

assignment is doubtful because it is uncertain whether 

the poorly preserved nuclear whorls were originally 

smooth or the apical parts were smoothed by subsequent abrasion. 

Specimens of "Oe'rithium" arnoldi Anderson from 

the general vicinity of the type locality were compared 

with Arnold's holotype of "0." topangensis (1907, pl. 

40, figs. 7, 8). Although they clearly differ from the 

finely papillose type figure, they do differ significantly 

from the type specimen. Details of sculpture on 

Arnold's types are obscured by extensive wear and 

leaching of the original shell surface. Furthermore the 

figures were inaccurately retouched so that a nonexistent finely papillose sculpture is indicated. The number 

and configuration of spiral and axial ribs on well-preserved specimens from the Olcese Sand are closely 

comparable with those on the holotype. Sculptural detail is much better preserved on the nonapertural side 

of Arnold's figured Sl?ecimens. 

The late Miocene species Bitti~t'ln tuTne'ri (Clark, 

1915, p. 490, pl. 65, figs. 1, 2) is considered a possible 

synonym because of similarity of Clark's paratype 

(UCMP 11609) to B. topangensis. The holotype is a 

somewhat slender, more elongate shell with finer sculpture. The discrepancy in size between the late Miocene 

individuals and specimens of 13. topangensis make 

comparison very difficult. 

The holotype of Bitti~t'ln tra'lnJJasensis Clark (1915, 

pl. 65, fig. 3), though· relatively small, has sculpture 

similar to the para type of B. tu1one1·i. Therefore, this 

species may also be a synonym of B. topangensis. It is 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 53 

clear Jrom Clark's description (1915, p. 490) that the 

complete speeirnen was intended to be the type, although not specifically mentioned as such. The other 

figured type (Clark, 191:'5, pl. 65, fig. 5) has been lost. 

The specimen is bLeled as n. syntype. 

Bittt'U?n to7Jange'nsis can be distinguished from n1any 

o:t: the :Jiving species on the west coast of North 

America assigned to this genus (Bartsch, 1911) by the 

presenee of Jonr, rn.ther than three, well-defined spiral 

ribs on the early whorls of the spire. Distinguishing 

features o:l: this species are its papillose sculpture and 

moderately curved axial ribs. 

]}i8f.ri1Htfion anA 8f·ra.ti{JI'((1Jhio OOOU1TCnoc: J_,ower Miocene: 

Vnqtwros lJ'ormntion-northern Santa Lucia Range, southern 

. Sn uta .Lucia llnnge, nortiH{rn La Panza ·Range, San Emigdio 

Mountnins, wrstN·n Santa Ynez Range, ,western Santa iVI:onica 

l\[ountainl::, San .Joaquin Hills, nnd Santa Ana Mountains (Loel 

n11cl Con>;\', 1932). )fiddle l\liocene: •.remblor Formation-La 

l'nnza H111tge (Loel nnd Corey, 1932) ; "Temblor" Formation, 

rnst:Nn Snnt:n Yuez Mountains (Page and others, 1951) ; Topn nga Fonnn tion-centrnl Sa uta l\Iouica Mountains (Arnold, 

lD07; Susuki, lDGl), rash•t·n Puente Hills (Vedder in Durham 

and X(:'t'kes, 1964), Sauta Ana Mountains (Loel and Corey, 

J.\)32; Vedder nnd Woodriug, unpub. data, 1953). Upper Miocene: lower San Paolo Gl'oup [Cierbo Sandstone] and upper ( ?) 

Sn.n Pnblo Group [Neroly Sandstone], Mount Diablo area 

(Cinrl\, 1915). 

.l~lmgc: Lower to upper Miocene. 

.l~ocalitics: Bnsnl vnrt of .Jewett Sand, reported by Loel and 

Corey (1.032, p. 96). UppN pnrt of .Qlcese Sand, USGS l\11509, 

l\UGOO; UCMP :B1600, Bl60l, B1G22. 

Genus BATILLARIA Benson, 1842 

Type (by monotypy) : Oe?·itllittt/ln zonalis Brugiere. 

Ilolocene, Australia. 

Batillaria ocoyana (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 3, figures 3, S-12 

])rifli.a. oooyana Anderson n.ncl Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Pt·oc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 03-94, pl. 7, figs. 1a, b. 

'J.'hcs1Jia, oooyana. (Ancler:.,;on and l\Iartin), 'Veaver, 1942, Washington Univ. [Seattle] Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 539 [in part], 

pl. 99, figs. 16, 25 [not figs. 21-23]. 

~l'1J1>e: California Acad. Sci. 228. 

~l'ypc foca.lUy: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 1% 

miles due north of Barkpr's rnnchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, middle Miocene. 

T'wo forms of this rather low-spired cerithiid are 

:found .in collections :front the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand, n. li rn.te form represented by the type specimei1, 

and a beaded :form which seems to be intergradational 

w.ith the former. 

The lirn.te form of Batillm·ia ocoyana (pl. 3, figs. 3, 

11, 1:2) has a Lody "·horl that is eqnal to or some,dmt 

longer than the rapidly tapering, bullet-shaped spire. 

..:\ ,·ailable specimens are eonsidcrnbly worn. The sculptnre oJ the earlier whorls is obliterated. Classed with 

this form .are specimens "·.ith broad spiral cords of 

variable width separated by channeled interspaces. The 

suture is appressed. The growth line is gently concave 

on the spire and broadly S-shaped on the body whorl. 

The shell is broadest at the rounded, basal angulation 

of the body whorl. 

The beaded form (pl. 3, figs. 8-10) differs by having 

a somewhat higher, more uniforn1ly tapering spire 

sculptured by axial ribs that form knobs where they 

cross the spiral ribs. The axials are slightly arched 

backward on the spire. They are weak on the body 

whorl, becoming obscure toward the base. Spiral sculpture differs from the lirate fonn in that secondary 

cords appear bebYeen the primaries on the later whorls 

of the spire. On some specimens they become broader 

toward the aperture so that on the body whorl the primary ribs appear to be evenly split. The suture on the 

body whorl is appressed, but on the spire it is impressed. Although the n.perture is defective on the best 

preserved specimen of the beaded form of B atillaria 

ocoyana, the suture climbs up onto the penultimate 

whorl as it is traced forward. This fact suggests that at 

least n. small posterior notch was present at the juncture 

of the outer lip with a body whorl. 

The beaded form seems to approach Bittium topangensis in sculpture, but its broader apical angle, 

growth-line configuration on the body whorl, and much 

larger size of the body whorl are distinct. 

The lirate form, which is perhaps most typical of 

this species, resembles "Oerithi?.t?n" si1nplici?.t8 Grant 

and Gale (1031, p. 757, pl. 24, fig. 11), a poorly figured 

cerithiid with appressed sutures, fine spiral sculpture,. 

and rapidly tapering spire from the Pliocene of the 

eastern Ventura basin, California. The three or four 

"broad axial undulations" described by Grant and Gale 

(1931, pl. 24, fig.11), but not apparent on their figure, 

are not developed on specimens of Batillaria ocoyana. 

Collections from USGS locality ~11599, in the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand, contain specimens that clearly 

suggest these forms belonged to one variable population. Both forms occur together at other localities. 

Specimens from the Astoria. Formation of south-

"·estern 'Vashington identified as this species by Etherington (1031, p. 111, pl. 14, figs. 14, 21) ha,ve a relatively deep growth-line sinus quite distinct fronl. the 

shallow concavity of the growth line of Batillaria 

ocoyana. 

B atillaria ocoyana has long been placed in the Turridae, and most recently in the genus Thesbia by 'Veaver 

(1942, p. 539). I-ImYever, the sculpture, basal truncation of the broad aperture, poorly defined anterior 

canal, and simple growth-line pattern clearly suggest 

classification in the Cerithiidae. It is here included in 

the genus B ati1laria on the close degree of similarity 
54 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

of apertural, growth-line, and sculptural characteristics with the Holocene Japanese species, B. cu1ningi 

(Crosse). Comparison has been made with introduced 

specimens of the variable, slender western Pacific taxon 

from the mouth of Bennett Slough, sec. 7, T. 13 S., R. 

2 E., ~1onterey County, Calif., collected by D. vV. 

Taylor. 

D·istribttUon ancl straUg1·aphic occurrence: Topanga Formation, Santa l\Ionica Mountains ( Susuki, 1951). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: l\liddle part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand. Lirate form-USGS 6612, 6624, 6627, 

l\:11507, l\11599, l\11600<\11602, l\11604; UCMP B1597, B1599, 

B1622, B1641. Beaded form-USGS l\11597, l\11599, l\11601, 

l\11602 ; UCM:P B1600. 

Family EPITONIIDAE 

Genus EPITONIUM Roding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Suter, 1913) : 

T~t?•bo scalm·is Linne. Holocene, "·estern Pacific Ocean. 

Subgenus CIRSOTREMA Morch, 1852 

Type (by monotypy) : S calaria varicosa Lamarck, 

1811. Recent, western Pacific Ocean. 

Epitonium (Cirsotrema) clallamense Durham 

Plate 3, figures 15, 16, 34-37 

"1/tJpitonhtrn ( OpaUa) ( cf. 0. ruuifenun Dall) Anderson, 1911, 

California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, p. 100. 

Epitonitun ( Cirsot1·erna) clallanwnse Durham, 1937, Jour Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 491, pl. 56, figs. 27, 28. 

'Veaver, 1942, Washington Univ (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 311, pl. 65, fig. 2, pl. 67, figs. 26, 27. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, pl. 1, 

fig. 10. 

Epiton'ium (Oirsotrema) n. sp. A. Durham, 1937, Jour Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 491, pl. 56, fig. 21. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 7003. 

Type locality: CAS 210, east end of Clallam Bay, ·wash., upper member of •rwin River Formation, lower Miocene ( ?) . 

Type of EJJitonittrn ( Cirsotrema) n. sp. A. Durham: California 

Acad. Sci. 7005. 

Type locality: CAS 673, near Pyramid Hill, Kern River area 

[Jewett Sand, lower Miocene]. 

Epitoni~t/m clallanwnse is abundant in collections 

from the basal conglomeratic bed of the Jewett Sand 

on the southwest slope of Pyramid Hill. 

This is probably the species referr~d to by Anderson 

(1911, p. 100) as "Epitonhnn (Opalia) (cf. 0. rugije?'1t1n Dall)" from the "A zone" at Pyramid Hill. 

Differences between specimens from the Jewett Sand 

and Epitoni~t1n clallan-wnse from northwestern Washington are minor. ~1ost of the specimens from USGS 

locality ~11591 ( = UC!1P B1665) at Pyramid Hill 

have seven or eight broad axial ribs; a few mature 

specimens have nine ribs. E. clallamense is described as 

having from eight to 10 axial ribs (Durham, 1937) ; 

the paratype has eight axial ribs, the ho1otype 10. 

Study of 17 specimens from USGS Cenozoic locality 

~11591 has shown that the nu:inber of varices is related 

in a general way to the stage of development of an 

individual specimen. On the largest specimen (34 1nm), 

for example, the varix count ranged from nine on the 

body whorl to seven on the antepenultimate whorl. 

Other specimens show a similar, if not as uniform, decrease in number of varices on earlier whorls. In cross 

section the varices vary from bladelike to blocky. 

Spiral sculpture, present on many specimens of Epitoni·mn clallanwnse, usually is equally as well developed 

on the axial ribs as in the interspaces. This is the most 

variable sculptural characteristic of this species. There 

are as many as nine spiral ribs .on some specimens. On 

the type of E. clallamense, a specimen that has had 

some of the shell material leached away, there are at 

least six faint spiral ribs, three often stronger than the 

rest. The spiral ribs continue across the varices on 

which they fonn nodes. 

Epitoni~tm n. sp. A Durham (1937), presumably collected from the same stratigraphic interval at Pyramid 

Hill, is a variant of this species. The late Oligocene to 

early !1iocene species E. sa~tnde?·si Tegland frmn 

"'V ashington differs from this species by having a 

greater number of varices, 14 on the holotype and 15 

on the paratype (Durham, 1937, p. 491), which tend 

to be relatively thin. 

The age of the beds at the type locality of Epitonhnn 

clallwnense in terms of the Pacific coast invertebrate 

chronology ("'Veaver and others, 1944) is probably 

early Miocene rather than middle Oligocene, as stated 

by Durham (1937) and vVeaver (1942). Unpublished 

mapping by Howard Gower (oral commun., 1965) 

indicates that the type locality "·ould fall in either the 

upper member of the Twin River Formation or the 

Clallam Formation. These units carry foraminiferal 

assemblages of Zemorrian and Saucesian age (Rau, 

1964, p. 5) in the Pysht quadrangle a few miles east of 

the type locality and are therefore compatible with a 

probable early !1iocene age as opposed to a 1niddle Oligocene age. !1ollusks of the upper part of the Twin 

River Formation are referred to the Echinophoria a1Jta 

zone of the "Blakeley Stage" by Durham (1944), a 

unit regarded as early :Miocene by many n1egafossil 

workers ("'Veaver and others, 1944). Evidence for the 

correlation of at least part of the "Blakeley Stage" 

with the lower !1iocene "Vaqueros Stage" is discussed 

by Addicott (1967a). 

Distribution and stratigraphic occurrence: Sooke Formation, 

Carmanah Point, Vancouver Island, British Columbia and upper ( ?) member of the Twin River Formation, Clallam Bay, 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 55 

" 7nsh (Durhnm, 1037). "l\Iiddle Oligocene," Grays Harbor 

County, " 7nsh. (Weaver, 1942). 

Ran{JC: i\lidcllc l\liocene. 

Local'itics: Bn:snl part of .Jewett Sand, USGS 1\11590, M1591; 

UCl\lP B1606, B1GGG. 

Epitonium (Cirsotrema) posoense Anderson and Martin 

Plate 3, figures 29, 32 

.l~pitonium JWNOCII.'IiN Anderson nnd 1\Inrtin, 1014, California 

.\<·n<l. Sd. l'roc., ser. -:1:, Y. 4, p. 68, pl. 7, t1g. 10. 

T.-oel nnd Con~y, 1932, California Univ., Dept., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Hull., Y. 22, 110. 3, p. 172. 

l~piffmium (Cirsotrc•uw) JIOSOcnsc An<ler~on nntl l\Inrtin, Durham, 1937, .Tour. Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 492. 

S'!.t]J]Il mnen ta·J'Y d esm·izJtion.-Shell small, strongly 

tabulate, spire .ineomplete. Body whorl of holotype 

with 11 irregular nuices, uniquely club shaped in cross 

section. Outer snr:fnce of varices with fine growth 

lamellae in a scalloped pattern corresponding to spiral 

ribs in the interspaees. ScnJlopcd pattern strongest on 

apertural side of varices, Yery .fine spiral striae visible 

on a.baperhu:al s.ide o:l: some varices. Interspaces nearly 

concealed by the oYerhanging varices, sculptured by 

four spiral r.ibs w.ith narrower interspnces. Aperture 

circuln,r. Bnsal d.isk with very fine undulating growth 

lamellae n,nd a "·ell-defi.ned medial sulcus. 

'l'?J1JC: Cnliforn11in Acnd. Sci. 144. 

'1.'1JJlG localit 1J: GAS 6ii, west l>nnk of small canyon 1% miles 

northrnst oJ~ Harker's rnnchhousc [probably same as UCMP 

Bl.G8G, near center of NWl;iSE% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Hnnch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle l\:llocenc. 

This spcctaenlnrly sculptured species is known from 

the type locality in t.he upper part of the Olcese Sand 

north o:l: ](ern Hi ,·er and from a collection of uncertain 

stratigraphic position tha.t is probably from the lower 

part of the Ronnel l\fonntain Silt (UCLA loc. AC14-3~~) on t.he basis of matrix in the aperture. These 

arc the only speeimcns known to have been. collected 

from the J(crn H.ivcr aren. The ]ate Oligocene species 

E7)i.ton·imn ( Oh·.rwfJ•em(t 8aunde1•si Tegland (19R3, p. 

133, pl. 18, figs. '7-0) from the EchinozJhO?'ia ?'ex Zone 

(Durham, 10~1:~) of \Vnshington differs from this species by its much muTo"·er axial ribs, which continue 

across the basal keel to the aperture. E. clallwnense 

from lower l\fiocene strata at Pyramid l-Iill hns fewer 

less strongly sculptured ribs, usually eight, and lacks 

the rebti vely smooth basal disk of E. JJosoense. 

The specimen from the ]ower part of the Round 

l\fonntain Silt is much larger and more complete than 

the holotype. It hns :t lnrger number of varices on the 

body whorl, n.bont 15, more irregular than on the halotype. It.s base is marked by a comparable number of 

lent.icnlar p.its thnt correspond to the interspaces bet"~een Yarices on the body whorl. The holotype has 11 

irregular Yarices that are club shaped in cross section 

and nearly conceal the interspaces. The varices are 

sculptured by fine growth lamellae arranged in a scalloped pattern corresponding to the spiral ribs in the 

inters paces. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, CAS loc. 65. Lower 

part of Round l\Iountain ( ?) Silt, UCLA loc. AC-14-34 . 

Subgenus GYROSCALA de Boury, 1887 

Type (by original designation) : S calaria con1/117ll.data 

l\fonterosnto. Holocene, tropical western Atlantic 

Ocean. 

Epitonium (Gyroscala) barkerianum Addicott, n. sp. 

Pia te 3, figure 19 

Shell small, consisting of five convex, rapidly enlarging whorls. Body whorl sculptured by 15 thin rounded 

axial lamellae between which are smooth interspaces 

approximately three times as wide. Axial lamellae staggered from one whorl to the next, terminate abruptly at 

basal disk. Basal disk smooth. 

l-Ieight (almost complete) 4.9 mm, width (incOinplete) 2.5 mm. 

T·Y11C: U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 650077. 

'1'111JC locality: USGS ::\l1G97, in al>andoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 3GO feet west of NE. cor. sec. 

G, T. 29 S., R. 20 l<'J., Oil Center Quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle l\fiocene. 

This species is referred to the subgenus Gyroscala on 

the basis of the thin varices, lack of spiral sculpture, 

and tl_1e strong basal disk. The discontinuous varices 

seem to be characteristic of the section Oh·cnloscala de 

Boury. 

Only one specimen is available for description. The 

only other Tertiary species assigned to this subgenus, 

E'pitoni1t?n eflinge1'i Durham ( 1937, p. 485, pl. 56, fig. 

25), is from the Gries Ranch beds of early Oligocene 

age in southwestern \Yashington. It differs from E. 

bw·l.;eJ'ian?.nn by having fewer axial ribs, only 10, that 

are continuous across the basal disk and are not offset 

across the sutures. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Subgenus NITIDISCALA de Boury, 1909 

Type (by original designation) : Scalm·ia 'l.tnifasciata 

Sower by, 184'7. Holocene, ''Test Indies. 

Epitonium (Nitidiscala) tedfordi Addicott, n. sp. 

Pia te 3, figures 17, 18 

Epitonimn (Nitirliscala) ·imlianornm (Carpenter), Durham, 

1937, .Tour. Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 487-488, pl. 56, 

fig. 14. 

Epitoniwn cf. E. in<lianormn (Carpenter), Keen, 1943, San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 37. 
56 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Small, thin, with about seven whorls. Whorls convex, sutures deeply impressed. Body whorl with 12-15 

thin coronate varices that are slightly reflected abaperturally. Varices relatively 1veak and slightly staggered· 

across the sutures. Faint basal angulation emphasized 

by abrupt basal curvature of varices. Aperture ovate. 

Height 7.8 mm, width 2.8 mm. 

'l'ype: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650075. 

Type locaUty: USGS :M1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

A few specimens of this small fragile epitoniid are 

in collections from the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

and the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Most 

of the individuals are less than 5 mm in length and 

have noticeably worn varices. Although the holotype 

has only 12 varices, specimens from most of the other 

localities have 13-15. Some individuals have a somewhat broader apical and relatively larger body whorl 

than the holotype. 

Although closely resembling the Pliocene to Holocene species E]Jitoni?.J/Jn indianm"1t1n Carpenter, E. tedfoTdi can be distinguished by its very thin coronate 

varices and perhaps by its apparently smaller adult 

size. The number of varices on E. indianm·~m~, 10-15 

according to Palmer's study of the type lot ( 1958, p. 

187), is comparable. Another similar Holocene species, 

E. tinct~t1n, although comparably small, has varices 

that ascend the spire in an unbroken spiralling line. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS Joe. l\11597; 

UCMP loc. B1601. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 

locs. 3886, ~f1608, ~11609, ~f1611, ~f1612, cf. ~f1613, ~12480; 

UCMP locs. B1637, B1638. 

Genus OP ALIA H. and A. Adams, 1853 

Type (by subsequent designation de Boury, 1886): 

S calaria aust1•alis Lamarck, 1822. Holocene, Australia. 

Subgenus RUGATISCALA de Boury, 1913 

Type (by original designation) : Opalia levesqttei de 

Boury. Eocene, Paris Basin. 

Opalia (Rugatiscala) williamsoni (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 3, figures 23, 30, 31 

Epitoni1tm wUliamsoni Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 68-69, pl. 7, figs. 9a, b. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Opalia (R1tgatiscala) williamsoni (Anderson and Martin), Durham, 1937, .Jour. Paleontology, v. 11, no. 6, p. 505-506. 

B1Jitoni1tm cf. tJosocnsis Anderson and Martin, Schenck and 

Keen, 1940, California fossils for the field geologist, p. 68, 

pl. 35, fig. 2 (reprinted, 1950, as Bpitonimn cf. B. posoense 

Anderson and Martin) . 

Opalia (R1tgatiscala) cf. 0. (R.) willian,soni (Anderson and 

Martin), l\foore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, 

p. 26, pl. 1, fig. 23. 

Types: Holotype, California Acad. Sci. 145 ; para type, CAS 

146. 

Type locality: CAS 65, 'vest bank of small canyon 114 miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UCMP 

B1586, near center of NW%SE14 sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. 

A few broken specimens of Opalia 1-oilliamsoni have 

been collected from the !(ern River area ; all are from 

localities in the upper part of the Olcese Sand. They 

exhibit a considerable degree of variation in the nmnber of ribs, 14-20. There are 18 ribs on the type specimen. 

This species is restricted to strata of middle l\1iocene 

age on the Pacific coast. A comparable but apparently 

different form has been identified from the Topanga 

Formation of the San Joaquin Hills by J. G. Vedder 

( unpub. faunal list, 1958). The subgenus Rttgatiscala 

is not represented in post-middle Miocene faunas of the 

Pacific coast. 

Distribution a.nd stratigmphic occurrence: Temblor Formation, Griswold Hills, Yallecitos area (Schenck and Keen, 1940, 

cf.) ; eastern San Luis Obispo County (Anderson and Martin, 

1914). Astoria Formation, Lincoln County, Oreg. (Moore, 1963, 

cf.). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper. part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, M1599, 

lV£1602 ; UCMP B1599, B1600. Lower part of Round Mountain 

Silt, USGS 6065, l\f1611; UCMP B1637. 

Genus SCALINA Conrad, 1865 

Type (by subsequent designation, Palmer, 1937) : 

Scata (Scalina) sta1ninea Conrad, 1865. Eocene, Claiborne, Ala. 

Th2:re are many Eocene and Oligocene species of 

Scalina from the Pacific coast of North America but 

only two l\iiocene species, both of which were described 

from the l(ern River area. The subgenus apparently 

became extinct in California following the 1niddle l\1iocene but persisted into the Holocene in warmer, southern latitudes. 

Scalina durhami (Keen) 

Plate 3, figures 21, 24 

Ferminoscala durhami Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 46, pl. 4, fig. 31. 

Type: Stanford Univ. paleontology type conn. 7534. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact 

near center SW% of sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene 

(probably same as USGS M1612 and UCMP B1637). 

Only two mature specimens of S calina du1·ha1ni were 

collected from the l(ern River Miocene. Although not 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 57 

easily distinguished from S. whitei, they do have obscure axial sculpture and less strongly convex whorls. 

The whorls are also relatively higher and the sutures 

broadly excavated. Still the possibility that S. d'l.t?·ha?ni 

may be but a variant of the strongly sculptured S. 

~vhitei poses a question that cannot be satisfactorily 

answered by the material in the collections. A fairly 

large collection of S. ~vhitei from USGS locality M1613 

suggests a wide range of variation in width and prominence of the varices. Two immature specimens from 

that locality (pl. 3, figs. 20, 21) can be readily differentiated on the basis of axial sculpture; the adult specimens are not as readily separable. 

Oocnn·cncc: I..Jower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 

l\U611, 1\11613, cf. 1\11696. 

Scalina whitei (Keen) 

Plate 3, figures 20, 25-28 

Ji'c1·minoSC(tla, whitc·i Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 46, pl. 4, figs. 32, 33. 

7'ypc: Stanford Univ., paleontology type conn. 7535. 

7'ypc locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace ·contact 

near center SWY.1 of sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrnngle. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene (probniJly same as USGS M1612 and UCMP B1637). 

Scalina ~vhitei differs from S. d'l.t?·ha?ni principally 

by having strong varices. It is by far the most abundant species of Scalina in the collections. The axial 

lamellae vary considerably in strength, although the 

spacing is relatively constant. The whorls are convex 

and the sutures appear to be channeled. vVorn specimens have greatly subdued axial sculpture, but traces 

ordinarily remain in the recessed interspaces between 

spiral ribs. 

The IIolocene Scalina ferminiana (Dall, 1908, p. 316, 

pl. 8, fig. 8), a member of the Panamic molluscan fauna 

that ranges from the Gulf of California to Panama 

(Strong in Burch, 1945, no. 52, p. 21), differs from this 

species by its angulated early whorls and nonrounded 

spiral ribs. A more northern Holocene species, S. brunneopict'l.t?n (Dall, 1908, p. 316-317, pl. 8, fig. 10), from 

off the west coast of central Baja California, has subdued spiral sculpture with only three primary spiral 

ribs in addition to many se.;ondary spirals and extremely thin, almost obsolete varices. 

Distrib1ttion ancl stratigm1Jhio occtt1Tence: Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), 

Cnliente Range (J. G. Vedder, written commun., December, 

1967). Topanga Formation, San .Joaquin Hills, Orange County, 

Calif. (.T. G. Vedder, unpub. data, 1958 cf.). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCMP B1601. Lower 

pnrt of Round l\Iountnin Silt, USGS 6064, l\11608,.1\11612, 1\11613, 

M2480; UCl\:lP B1601, B1638. 

Family EULIMIDAE 

Genus EULIMA Risso, 1826 

Type (by subsequent designation, Hermannsen, 

1846) : TH1·bo S'l.{;b'l.tlat'l.ts Donovan. Holocene, northeastern Atlantic to :Mediterranean. 

Eulima gabbiana (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 20, figures 5, 6 

Ettli·mclla gabbiana Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 68, pl. 7, fig. 20. 

JJielanella ·. (llfelanella) gabbiana. (Anderson and Martin), 

Bartsch, 1917, U.S. Natl. l\ius. Proc., v. 53, no. 220i, p. 316-

317, pl. 38, fig. 3. 

Pyrmnidella (Eulimella) gabbiana (Anderson and Martin), 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Ettlima gabbiana (Anderson and Martin), Keen, 1943, San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 45, pl. 4, 

fig. 6. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 143. 

TY1>C locality: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 114 

miles due north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

This slender species has a large body whorl and 

elongate, slender aperture. It is of rare occurrence in 

collections from the upper part of the Olcese Sand and 

lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. The holotype 

is a broken specimen wi:h only the final whorls preserved. 

E1tlima 1·ive1·si Bartsch (1917, p. 339, pl. 45, fig. 3), 

a Pleistocene species from southern California, is similar to this l\1iocene taxon. The holotype of E. 1·iversi 

(USNl\1 251390) can be differentiated from specimens 

of E. gabbiana by its rather convex whorls and larger 

sutural angle. 

Distribution ana stratigraphic occurrence: Monterey Shale, 

western Napa County, Calif. ('Veaver, 1949). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597. Lower 

part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6065, M1612, M1613 ; UCMP 

B1637. 

Genus BALCIS Leach in Gray 

Type (by monotypy) : Balcis 1nontagui Leach 111 

Gray. Holocene, northern Europe. 

Balcis conchita Keen 

Plate·20, figures 1, 32 

Balcis conchita Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., 

v. 10, no. 2, p. 43, pl. 4, fig. 5. 

Type: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colin. 7538. 

Type local,ity: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact 

near center SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene 

(probably same as USGS l\:11612 and UCMP B1637). 

This minute, slender gastropod is rare in the collections from the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. 

The holotype and specimens collected by the writer are 
58 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIG-RAPHY, KERN .. RIVER AREA, ·cALIFORNIA 

slightly flexed, a characteristic that distinguishes this 

species from other species of B alcis frmn the I( ern 

River l\1iocene as well as from the Pleistocene and 

Holocene species, B. nttila (Carpenter), with which it 

'vas compared by l(een ( 1943, p. 43). It is similar to 

B. catalinensis (Bartsch, 1917, p. 329, pl. 40, fig. 7), a 

living species which ranges from Carmel, Calif., southward to San l-Iipolito Point, Baja California (Burch, 

1945, no. 53, p. 10). It is less strongly flexed than the 

Recent species and has a proportionately shorter aperture. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1624. 

Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS loc. l\'11612. 

Balcis lutzi Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 21, figures 13-15 

Of medium size, straight, polished. Body whorl and 

penultimate whorl flattened, sutures appressed. Earlier 

whorls taper rapidly toward narrow, pointed apex consisting of three "·horls. \Vhorls of spire slightly convex 

in profile, sutures weakly impressed. Body whorl 

greater than one-half height of shell, point of greatest 

diameter in lower part. Aperture narrmY posteriorly, 

outer lip culminating in a knife edge, base broadly 

rounded, inner lip short, inclined. Parietal wall coverecl with "·ell-developed narrow callus. 

Height 5.5 mm, width 1.7 mm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. :Mus. 650309; paratypes, USNM 

650307, 650308. 

Type locality: USGS l\11597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle :Miocene. 

This is the most abundant eulimid in collections 

from the I( ern R.i ver district. It is distinguished from 

other speeies by the very large body whorl and tapered 

spire. A similar living species, Balcis cmnpacta (Carpenter), figured by Bartsch ( 1917, pl. 37, fig. 3), ranges 

from San Pedro, Calif., to Point Abreojos, l\1exico. The 

holotype of the Holocene species (USNl\1 153176) has 

a profile simi1ar to B. l1.ttzi but is much broader, has a 

proportionately longer aperture and a less sharply 

pointed apex. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 1\:11596, 

M1597, l\ll602; UCl\IP loc. B1624. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. l\U608, M1612, l\:12601; UCMP loc. B1638. 

Balcis petrolia Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 20, figure 13; plate 21, figure 16 

Of medium size, straight, polished. Spire slender, 

smooth, tip broken. Sutures impressed, bordered anteriorly by a darker band occupying about one-third of 

whorl. Sutural angle nearly horizontal. Body whorl 

broadly roun~led, about one-third height of shell. Aperture subovate, edge of outer lip broken. Inner lip callused, columellar and parietal segments meet in a 

broadly obtuse angle. 

Height (nearly complete) 6.4 mm, width 2 mm. 

Ty]Je: California Uni\·. :Mus. Paleontology 37112. 

'l'ypc locality: UC~lP B1600, east side of gully trending southeastward through sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 650 feet south, 

100 feet east of NW. cor. of sec. 33. Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Near the top of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Balcis peirolict is clearly distinct from other l\1iocene 

species from the I( ern R.i ver district and from known 

Pleistocene and Holocene species from the northeastern 

Pacific area. It is characterized by a smooth, perfectly 

conical spire and a relatively short body whorl. A 

closely similar and possibly analagous living species is 

Balcis balcl?'a (Bartsch, 1917, p. 314-315, pl. 37, fig. 2) 

described from near San Hipolito Point, Baja, California. B alcis pet1·olia is more slender and has a relatively larger, more elongate aperture than the Holocene 

species (holotype, USNl\1 32297). 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. M1597, 

M1601; UC~IP locs. B1600, B1601. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 6623, ~11608, l\11609, M1612, l\11613; UCMP 

loc. B1638. 

Balcis cf. B. oldroydi Bartsch 

Plate 21, figure 10 

A small, moderately elongate Bale is occurs with the 

two other species of this genus in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand at USGS locality l\11597. The faint sutures are nearly horizontal. The body "·horl is angulated near the midpoint, defining a straight profile 

above and a rounded one below. 

This taxon seems to be closest to B alcis old'roydi 

Bartsch ( 1917, p. 309-310, pl. 36, figs. 5-7), a late 

Pleistocene and Holocene species from southern California and Baja California. The l\iiocene Balcis is considerably smaller than B. old1·oydi and has a stronger 

basal angulation. The differences are slight and it is 

possible that large suites of the l\1iocene specimens 

might indicate a sufficiently broad range of variation 

to include them "·ith B. old?'oydi. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 1\11597. 

Genus NISO Risso, 1826 

Type (by monotypy) : Niso eb·unwa Risso. Pliocene, 

northern Italy. 

Niso an tiselli Anderson and Martin 

Plate 20, figures 22-24 

Ni8o ( ?) antiselli Anderson and l\1artin, 1914, California Acacl 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 65, pl. 7, fig. 22. 

Bartsch, 1917, U.S. Natl. l\Ius. Proc., v. 53, no. 2207, p. 351-

352, pl. 48, fig. 2. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 135. 
ORDER ~ESOGASTROPODA 59 

'1'1/PC locality: CAS 12G, on top of hill in S,V. cor. SE%. sec. 

20, T. 28 S., R. lG E., Pozo quadrangle, San Luis Obispo Cou'nty, 

Calif. 

Niso antiselli is represented by a few specimens frmn 

the upper part of the Olcese Sand and lmver part of 

the Round })fountain Silt. It has not been previously 

reported from the Snn Joaquin Valley. This species 

has a smooth, conical prof-ile, relatively broad apical 

angle, and strong basal angulation. Among the Holocene northeastern Pacific species of Niso, N. lomana 

Bartsch (1917, p. 350, pl. 49, fig. 4) a species doubtfully pln.c:ed in this genus (Emerson, 1965) seems to be 

most closely related to N. antiselli, but its narrower 

apical angle and rather deeply impressed sutures permit discrimination from the l)Jiocene species. 

DistrUmtion a.ncl stratirn·a1)hic occurrence: Temblor Formation, northern La Panza Runge (.Anderson and Martin, 1914). 

JlmlfiC: lVli<l<lle 1\Iiocene. 

Looa1itics: Upper rmrt of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11597. Lower 

part of Round Mountnin Silt, USGS 6065, cf. l\11612, l\11613, 

M2480, l\:12601. 

Niso cottonwoodensis Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 20, figures 19-21 

Of medium size, conical, smooth, polished. Spire of 

nine slightly rounded whorls separated by impressed 

sutnres, tip broken. "Vhorls marked with irregularly 

spaced, simple varices. Periphery of body whorl indistinctly anguln.ted, base broadly convex. Umbilical 

opening broad. Aperture subrhomboidal, outer and 

inner lips thin. 

l{eight (nearly complete) 13.:'5 mm, width 5.6 mm. 

'1.'1J1)C: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650291. 

'1'1/PC 1oca.Z.ity: USGS l\11640, bottom of east fork of gully in 

SWYI, sec. 6, '1'. 20 S., R. 30 E., 1,350 feet east, 1,250 feet north 

of SW. cor. sec. 6. Eight-foot interval, 10 feet stratigraphically 

nbo\·e USGS l\.f1613. r....ower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This species difl'ers from Niso antiselli Anderson 

and l)fartin (1914, p. 65, pl. 7, fig. 22), with which it 

occurs, by its slightly convex whorls and the rounded 

rather than nngulated periphery of the body whorl. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\1:1597. 

J..~ower pnrt of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 6623 cf., l\11640, 

M1696. 

Family TRICHOTROPIDIDAE 

Genus TRICHOTROPIS Broderip and Sowerby, 1829 

'fype (by subsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 

1849) : :trw··oo oicaJ•inata Sower by. I-Iolocene, Arctic, 

North Pncific, and North Atla.ntic Oceans. 

Trichotropis tricarinata Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 12, 13 

Of medium size. V\'horls a.ngulated near midpoint 

with vertical profile below and strongly inclined profile above. Body whorlla.rge, tricarinate; upper carina 

is continuation of angulation of spire and strongest of 

three carinas. Shell relatively thin, sculptured by fine 

spiral threads. U mbilicns well developed, deep. 

l{eight (incomplete) 31 mm, width (almost cmnplete) 22.3 111m. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650091. 

'l'YJJC locality: USGS l\11590, fossil quarry in small gully on 

south side of prominent ridge trending southwestward through 

SE% sec. 15, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle, 

Kern County, Calif. Basal part of Jewett Sand, lower Miocene. 

Although incomplete and part exfoliated, this thinshelled gastropod is referred to T?'ichot?'opis on the 

basis of the broad anterior part of the aperture, weak 

anterior canal, and deep well-developed umbilical perforation. It closely resembles the drawing of Trichot?·opis insignis l)fiddendorff, variety of A uri villus from 

the northern Pacific ocean reproduced in Tryon ( 1887, 

p. 43, 45, pl. 7, fig. 59) , which (as noted by Tryon) 

does not appear to be very close to T. insignis. It differs frmn that figure by having a higher spire and a 

more anterior primary angulation of the spire and 

body whorl. 

This and another species from the ,Jewett Sand are 

the first occurrences of T1·ichotTopis, a northern, coolwater genus in the Tertiary of California. The genus 

is represented in the deeper water fauna of southern 

California and northern Baja California by two species, T. lcelseyi Dall and T. l01nana Dall. Apparently 

it does not range farther south, as it is not among the 

living mollusks of the Panamic province cataloged by 

ICeen ( 1958a). The genus has been identified from 

the Oligocene Gries Ranch beds of southwestern "Vashington (Effinger, 1938) and from the upper part of 

the Astoria Formation of middle l)fiocene age in the 

same part of the State (Etherington, 1931; "Veaver, 

1942; Addicott, 1966). The holotype of the Oligocene 

species T. alienensis Effinger ( 1938, pl. 46, fig. 22) is 

a small, incomplete specimen which, although similar 

to T. t?·ica1"inata, differs by having a sharply angulate 

outline and a less elongate aperture and narrow umbilicus. 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\11590. 

Trichotropis sp. 

Plate 3, figure 33 

A fragment of the body whorl of a large, very thin 

shelled trichotropid from the same locality as T?·ichot?·opis t1ica1inata is sculpturally similar to strongly 

carinate species assigned to this genus. The prominent 

bicarinate sculpture and the short, broad body whorl 

are features characteristic of T. bi ca1inata (Sower by) , 

an Arctic Ocean species that ranges southward to Japan 
60 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

and Alaska. Hmvever, secondary sculpture of three 

spiral ribs, one between the two primaries, the other 

two below the lower primary, and the retractive segment of the growth lines bet-ween the keels distinguish 

this specimen from the modern cool-water species. 

T1'iohot?·opis tTioa1·inata n. sp. has three, rather than 

two, primary keels in addition to a relatively slender 

body whorl. Although both T1·iohotTopis sp. and T. t?'ioa?·inata n. sp. are represented by individual specimens 

that are poorly preserved, they seem to represent two 

distinct species. 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\U590. 

Family CAL YPTRAEIDAE 

Genus CALYPTRAEA Lamarck, 1799 

Type (by monotypy) :Patella ohinensis Linne. Holocene, western Europe. 

Calyptraea filosa (Gabb) 

Plate 4, figures 2, 3, 8, 9 

T1·ochita filosa Gabb, 1866, Paleontology of California, v. 2, p. 15, 

pl. 2, figs. 25, a. 

Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 32, no. 1545, pl. 50, 

figs. 2, 2a. 

Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 309, 

pl. 40, figs. 2, 2a. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

GalyzJtraca filosct ( Gabb), Clark, 1915, California Univ. Dept. 

Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 22, p. 421, pl. 65, figs. 23, 24. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 34, fig. 10. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 268-269, pl. 63, fig. 7. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 36. 

Hall, 1958, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 34, 

p. 56, pl. 9, fig. 4. 

Galyptraea cf. G. filosa (Gabb), Woodring, Stewart, and Richards, 1940, U.S. Geol. Survey· Prof. Paper 19·5, p. 86, pl. 8, 

fig. 7. 

Supplementary deso1'iption based rupon specimens 

from the [{ern River aTea.-Of medium size, with thin 

shell. Apex eccentric, sharply pointed. \Vhorl profile 

gently convex with concave areas corresponding to 

sutures, generally not visible. Sculptured by an estimated 150-200 slightly sinuous, rounded, radiating 

ribs with narrower interspaces. Rib count increases 

toward periphery by random addition of ribs. Surface 

microscopically decussated by very fine concentric 

growth threads. Interior smooth, margin crenulated 

by external radial ribs. 

Type: Apparently lost (Stewart, 1927, p. 291). 

Type locality: Miocene, Walnut Creek, Contra Costa County, 

Calif. 

This distinctive species is abundantly represented in 

marine formations of late Tertiary age. The numerous, 

very fine radial ribs distinguish OalyptTaea filosa from 

other Cenozoic species described frmn the Pacific coast 

of North America. 

Small, extensively worn calyptraeids fron1 the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand and the lower part of the 

Round l\1ountain Silt are identified as OalyzJtTaea sp. 

They probably represent 0. filosa but the exteriors are 

worn smooth. 

Distribution ancl stratigraphic occurrence: .Lower Miocene : 

"• • "' General in Vaqueros horizons from lower California to 

Monterey Bay, particularly in southern California and in the 

northern Vaqueros Gulf [Salinas Valley]" (Loel and Corey, 

1932, p. 269) . 

Middle Miocene: Monterey Shale, Napa County (Weaver, 

1949) ; Sobrante Sandstobe, western Contra Costa County 

(\Veaver, 1949). Temblor Formation-Monocline Ridge (Zimmerman, 1944), Coalinga area (Loel and Corey, 1932; Adegoke, 

1967), northern Temblor Range (Heikkila and MacLeod, 1951), 

La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932), Caliente Range (Eaton 

and ·others, 1941) ; Topanga Formation-central Santa Monica 

Mountains ( Susuki, 1951), San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. 

data, 1958), and Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder and Woodring, 

unpub. data). 

Upper Miocene: Briones Formation-Contra Costa County 

(Trask, 1922; 'Veaver, 1949, 1953), Alameda County (Hall, 

1958) ; San Pablo Group, Contra Costa County (Clark, 1915; 

·weaver, 1949) ; Santa Margarita Formation, Coalinga area 

(Nomland, 1917a) ; l\Iodelo Formation, Ventura County (Hudson and Craig, 1928) . 

Pliocene: Ohlson Ranch Formation of Peck (1960), northwestern Sonoma County; lower Merced Formation, San Francisco, and Etchegoin Formation, southern Santa Clara County 

(Martin, 1916) ; Pancho Rico Formation, Salinas Valley (Durham and Addicott, 1965) ; Jacalitos and Etchegoin Formations, 

Coalinga area (Nomland, 1917b) ; Purisima Formation, Half 

Moon Bay ( l\Iartin, 1916) ; San Joaquin and Etchegoin Formations, Kettleman Hills ('Voodring and others, 1940, cf.) ; upper 

part of Towsley Formation and Pico Formation, eastern Ventura 

Basin (Winterer and Durham, 1962, cf.). 

Range: Lower Miocene to upper Pliocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890, l\U596, 

l\U597, M1600, l\U693 ; UCMP B1593, B1600, B1614, B1622, 

B1641. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 6063, 

6065, 6613, 6622,· 6623, l\:11604, M1608, l\11612, M1613, l\U696; 

UCMP B1608, B1618, B1638. 

Calyptraea coreyi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 1, 4, 18 

Oalypt1·wa inornata ( Gabb), Loel and Corey, 1932, California 

Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 269, pl. 63, 

figs. 8, 9. 

Large, thick shelled, moderately high with shouldered whorl profile. \Vhorls gently rounded with area 

of greatest convexity near anterior one-third 'vhorl. 

On later whorls, posterior part of whorl profile becomes slightly cmica.ve, emphasizing tabulation to a 

greater degree. Surface smooth. Apex eccentric, pointed. Suture impressed, situated near top of concave 

segment of whorl profile. 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 61 

Diameter (nearly complete) 37.5 mm, height (nearly 

complete) 26 mm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650085; paratype, California 

Univ. Mus. of Paleontology 15452. 

Type locality: USGS l\:11591, on north side of westwardtrending gully on southwest flank of Pyramid Hill in NWIA, 

SW% sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. Basal part of Jewett Sand, 

lower Miocene. 

There has been considerable confusion over the names 

Oalypt?·aea ino?•nata (Gabb) and 0. mamillaris Broderip. Stewart, in his study of Gabb's type gastropods 

( 1927, p. 341), conclu~ed that the type of 0. inornata 

from the Purisima Formation of Pliocene age near 

Half Moon Bay, Calif., was inseparable from the 

Holocene, low spired 0. ma·millaris. He therefore included Gabb's species in the synonymy of 0. mamilla?is. In the 1nost recent study of the Purisima Formation in this area, Cummings, Touring, and Brabb 

(1962, pl. 24 and photograph 19, no. 3) have identified 

a Oalypt1•aea as 0. fastigiata, a living species that 

ranges fr01n Port Etches, Alaska, to Redondo Beach, 

Calif. (Burch, 1946, no. 56, p. 22). Both 0. mamillaris, 

which is living from ~1agdalena Bay, Baja California, 

to Peru (I(een, 1958a, p. 311), and the northern 0. fastigiata are low-spired species with much more symmetrical, smooth-profiled shells than 0. coreyi. Furthermore, they do not have the convex, subtabulate whorl 

profile characteristic of 0. coreyi. A small, very high 

spired species fron1 Pliocene rocks of the Kettleman 

Hills area identified as Oalyptraea cf. 0. inornata by 

Woodring (in vVoodring and others, 1940, p. 86, pl. 

11, fig. 7; pl. 15, fig. 10; pl. 20, fig. 6) does not have 

the characteristic convex whorl profile of the ~1iocene 

species. This species was considered by Woodring to 

be similar to, but presumably distinct from, the Holocene 0. fastigiata and 0. mamillaris. 

Loel and Corey (1932, p. 269) noted that.specimens 

from several lower ~1iocene localities in California 

that they identified as 0. inornata differed from that 

species by possessing more convex whorls and by having a relatively higher spired shell. These can be confidently referred to 0. co?·eyi, whereas the several 

middle Miocene records of 0. inornata that are unaccompanied by figured material (Loel and Corey, 

1932; Grant in Soper, 1938; I-Iuey, 1948; Weaver, 

1949, 1953) cannot be readily evaluated. Stewart's 

0. 'lnammila?is ( 1946, table 2) from the Temblor Formation at Reef Ridge 1nay also belong here. 

A figured specimen of Oalypt?·aea inornata from the 

Pliocene Empire Formation of coastal Oregon (Dall, 

1909, pl. 6, fig. 4), although badly worn, has broad 

axial folds near the periphery of the body whorl that 

are clearly reflected in the configuration of growth 

~78-SCSCS 0-70--CS 

lines. In this feature it is clearly distinct from all the 

previously discussed species and perhaps should be 

classified as Trochita. Moore's Trochita ~ n. sp. ~ ( 1963, 

p. 26, pl. 1, figs. 6, 7) from the Astoria Formation of 

Oregon could possibly represent the young of this 

species. The type. is a 'rery low form, not unlike Dall's 

immature specimen ( 190.9, pl. 5, fig. 11) in overall 

proportions. 

Some variation is indicated in the few specimens 

·collected from USGS locality ~11591 and UCMP locality B1665 at gyramid Hill .. A large (44.mm) unfigured specimen , has a fine pointed apex and a spire 

that is lower thart that of other specimens. There is 

a fairly strong angulation below the middle of the 

whorl on the broken paratype (pl. 4, fig. 18) where 

the strongly concave profile of the posterior part of 

the whorl meets the con vex anterior segment. 

Distribution and stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation-northern La Panza Range, Santa Ynez 

Mountains, Ventura basin, Santa Ana Mountains, San Joaquin 

Hills, west coast of Baja California (Loel and Corey, 1932). 

Forms reported from the Temblor Formation by Loel and Corey 

(1932) and other authors as Oalyptraea inornata might represent this species but they have not been examined. 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle ( ? ) Miocene. 

Localities: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS l\U591; UCMP 

B1660, B1665. 

Calyptraea cf. mamillaris Broderip 

Three poorly preserved specimens of a low-spired 

evenly conical calyptraeid fr01n the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand are similar to the Holocene warm water 

species Oalypt1·aea ?na'millm>is. The gypsum and sandencrusted shells are not suitable for figuring but are 

sufficiently well preserved to permit differentiation 

from the higher spired finely ribbed 0. filosa from the 

Round ~1ountain Silt and Olcese Sand and the thick 

shouldered shell of 0. co1·eyi from the lower Miocene 

Jewett Sand. 

Occu,rrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, LACM:IP loc. 463. 

Subgenus TROCHITA Schumacher, 1817 

Type (by subsequent designation, Rehder, 1943) : 

T1•ochita spi1•alis Schumacher. Holocene, Ecuador to 

Chile. 

Calyptraea (Trochita) cf. C. (T.) spirata (Forbes) 

A moderately large (50 mm) calyptraeid with 

patches of shell material showing coarse protractive 

axial ribbing is comparable to the modern Oalyptraea 

(T?·ochita) S]Ji1·ata (Forbes) from the northern part 

of the Panamic molluscan province. The one specimen 

collected from the basal part of the Jewett Sand was 

too poorly preserved to photograph. This species was 
62 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

reported from the Jewett Sand by Loel and Corey 

( 1932, p. 96) as 0. costellata (Conrad). 

. ocpurre'l'!-ce: ... Basal ·part o'f"Jewett Sand, USGS loc. M1591. 

Genus CRUCIBULUM Schumacher, 1817 

Type (by subsequent designation, Burch, 1946) : 

01'Ucib1tlrun1 plan1tm Schumacher ( = Patella a1trimtla 

Gmelin) . Holocene, Florida and 'Vest Indies. 

Crucibulum cf. C. scutellatum (Wood) 

Plate 5, figures 11, 12, 15 

A fraginent of a large, coarsely ribbed Orucib1tl1tm 

from a T1trritella ocoyana bed in the upper part of 

the Round l\1ountain Silt (UCl\1P loc. B1588) is comparable and possibly identical to the modern 0. scutellat1tm, a variable warm-water species that ranges from 

Cedros Island off Baja California to Ecuador (I\:een, 

1958.). The axial ribs are numerous and very fine on 

the pointed apex but become coarse and irregular at 

the break in slope a short distance below the apex. 

The narrow inters paces occasionally ·contain a small 

secondary rib. 

There are no closely related species reported from 

Tertiary strata in California. 

Occurrence: Round Mountain Silt, UCMP loc. B1588. 

Subgenus DISPOTAEA Say, 1824 

Type (by subsequent designation Olsson and Harbison, 1953).: Oalypt-raea costata Say, 1820. l\1iocene, 

Maryland. 

Crucibulum (Dispotaea) papuluin Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 5, figures 5, 6, 8, 9, 13 

?Crucib1tlum n: sp., Arnold, 1906, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

47, p. 84. 

Small, cap shaped,. apex hooked. In lateral view, 

posterior slope straight 'to gently concave, anterior 

slope evenly convex. Apex ·sharply pointed, ex centric. 

Surface sculptured by irregular concentric lines of 

growth. Radial sculpture lacking. Interior smooth. Cup 

funnel shaped, aperture ovate, attached to wall along 

a broad area on right side. 

Diameter (incomplete) 11.5 mm, height (nearly 

complete) 9 mm ( holotype). 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650098; paratype USNM 

650097. 

Type locality: USGS 6623, north bank of Kern River, 10-11 

miles northeast of Bakersfield. In bluffs about 11h, miles northeast of Rio Bravo Ranch and about three-fourths of a mile 

below bridge that is three-fourths of a mile below mouth of 

canyon. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

The shape of the internal cup and the width of the 

area of attachment are variable. On a specimen from 

USGS loc. l\12480, the· cup is subtriangular in outline 

with a very broad area of attachment. On other specimens the cup is kidney shaped and the area of attachment rather narrow . 

01'1teib1tl1.t1n papulu1n 1narks the appearance of the 

subgenus DisJJotaea in the Tertiary of the Pacific Coast 

States. It is a uniquely smooth shell ;. all of the described species referable to this subgenus being radially sculptured. Deforn1ed specimens from the Topanga 

Formation of the central Santa l\1onica l\fountains 

(USGS loc. l\11070) may represent this species. The 

subgenus is represented in middle and late J\1iocenl7\ 

formations of Panama, Trinidad, and Columbia bJ 

0. springvaleense Rutsch, a coarsely ribbed species 

('Voodring, 1957, p. 83-84). 

A coarsely ribbed species of Dispotaea fr01n the 

lower Pliocene Pancho Rico Formation of the Salinas 

Valley (Durham and Addicott, 1965) is the last occurrence of this subgenus in the California Tertiary. 

A con1parable Holocene species, 0. pectinat1t1n Carpenter, occurs in the Panamic 1nolluscan province 

('Voodring, 1957). 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

3886, 6623, l\11608, l\:11613, l\11696, M2480; UOMP loc. B1638. 

Family CREPIDULIDAE 

Genus CREPIDULA Lamarck, 1799 

Type (by nwnotypy) .-Patella fornicata Linne 

Holocene, Atlantic and Gulf coasts of the United 

States. 

Crepidula bractea Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 4, figures 5-7, 15, 17 

Small, flat, very thin. Outline subelliptical. Beak 

almost terminal, obscure, twisted slightly to the left, 

located somewhat above the plane of the aperture at 

or near margin of shell. Slightly convex, area of greatest convexity posterior and to right of center. Septmn 

relatively large, very delicate, attached near midline 

of shell. 

Length 5.9 mm, width 4.5 mm, thickness 1 111m. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650088; paratype, California 

Acad. Sci. 12931. 

Type locality: USGS M1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center Quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

Specimens of 01'eJJid1tla b1'actea fr01n the type locality are less than 7 mm in length. All are very weakly 

inflated and have an elliptical outline. There is a 1nuch 

larger specimen (16.5 mm), however, from the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand that has many features in 

con1mon with the 1ninute shells and is therefore considered to be the adult of the species. This specimen 

(pl. 4, fig. 7) has early growth stages that closely 
ORDER ]dESOGASTROPODA 63 

resemble the ontline of the smaller specimens. The 

adult is less symmetrieal in outline, the growth taking 

place in n. fa:int spiral pattern resulting in a broadly 

c:onvex ]eft margin and a nearly straight right margin. 

This small, thin-shelled species can be readily distinguished from young specimens of O'rezJid~tla 'rostralis (Conrad) from the same locality. The latter have a 

,·ery highly arel1ed, laterally compressed shell as well 

ns a prominent, hooked beak which extends outward 

beyond the apertural marg·in of the shell (pl. 4, fig. 14). 

A similar speeies from lower ~Iiocene localities in 

southern California, 0. rl'hninuti,ca Loel and Corey 

( um2, p. 2G7, pl. 63, .figs. 13-15), differs in several respeets :from (}. b·l'actea. The outline of 0. diminutiva 

is more orbienlar and the anterior part is sinuous, 

whereas spee.imens of 0. b1·actea have an evenly 

rounded, snbelliptieal outline. In addition, specimens 

of a. dhni11uti:oa are more convex and have a more 

strong-ly de,·eloped beak. 

Occtwronco: Uvtwr pnrt of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597; 

lJC.:\ll' Joe. HlG!)H; CAS loc. 2064. Lower part of Round MountniH Silt, UOMP loc. B1608. 

Crepidula princeps Conrad 

Plate 4, figures 16, 19-21 

Cn·1>icf.ttla 7JrinCC7J8 Conrad, 1855, U.S. 33d Cong., 1st sess., 

House Ex. Doc. 129, p. 16. 

Cournd, 1~G7, U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78, 

npp., art. 2, p. 326, pl. 6, figs. G2, 52a. 

Amold, 1007, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 321, p. 78, pl. 13, 

flgs. ln-c. 

Arnold nnd A11derson, 1907, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 322, 

pl. 24, fig. 1, 2. 

Arnold, lOOn, U.S. GPol. Survey Bull. 396, pl. 23, fig. 2. 

Arnold and AndersoH, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 4G, fig. 2. 

Dnll, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 84-85, 

vl. s, figs. 1-4, pl. 9, fig. o, pl. 10, fig. 2. 

.AndNson, 1H11, California Acacl. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

IJoel 11ncl CorPy, 1!>32, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Bn'mlll'l', C. S . .J., 1032, Santa Barbara 1\Ius. Nat. History 

Occasional l'apprs, no. 1, pl. 2, fig. 1. 

~dwnek UIH.l KN'll, 1040, California fossils for the field 

gpoJogist, pl. Gl, fig. G. 

'Vt-11.\'t>l', 10-1-2, 'Vashingto11 Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. fi, v. 3GH, vl. 73, fig·::;. 13, 1D [not fig. 4]. 

Hatlllll nnd lll'rtlt-in, 1ll,l3, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

fig. ()4-3. 

~hi11wr 1111d ~hro('k, 111,1-!, Index fos~ils of North America, 

p. 4HH, pl. :!01, tig·::;. :W, 21. 

"'oodrillg', Hl'llllliPt'tP, aud Kl:'w, 11)40, U.S. Geol. Survey 

l'J'Of. l.'upt•r 207, p. 70, pl. 32, figs. G, 6. 

"'oocll'iug· nnd Ht·mniPttr, 19GO, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

l'upt>L' 222. v. il-i2. pl. i, tig~. 3. -!, u, vL 10, Hg. 4, pl. 11, 

lig. :;, 

[ 'l) Cummings, 'l'ourit1g, nnd Brabu, 1062, California Div. 

l'lli11es Bull. 181, photogrnph 16, no. 3. 

?Crepidula., n. sp. ?, Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 96. 

?C·re])iclttla cf. praerupta Conrad, Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ. Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 267, 

pl. 63, fig. 16. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 1839. 

Type locality: Conrad's description (1857, p. 326), "Recent 

formation at Santa Barbara, California," presumably is the 

Santa Barbara Formation of late Pliocene and early Pleistocene 

age. Crcphlttla. princeps has not been reported from the late 

Pleistocene terraces of the Santa Barbara area. 

Specimens fron1 the basal part of the Jewett Sand 

at Pyramid I-Iill (USGS loc. ~11591) are referred to 

this species on the basis of large size, configuration of 

the internal septum, and massive twisted nonadherent 

beak. 

The anterior part of the holotype of O'rezJidula princeJJS is broken, but there is enough of the septmn remaining to clearly show the characteristic medial 

curvature and the extreme anterior point of attachment on the left side of the shell. Although the tip 

of the beak is n.lso broken, restoration of the 1nissing 

part would indicate curvature of more than 90° from 

the vertical. This severe twisting is characteristic of 

the early ~fiocene specimens fr01n the Jewett Sand 

and of specimens from the Pliocene Empire Formation of southwestern Oregon. Another figured specimen fr01n the Santa Barbara Formation (Arnold, 

1907, pl. 13, figs. la-Ic) has a much less swollen beak 

that is twisted much less than 90° and is. only slightly 

separated from the outer shell wall. 

It is difficult to distinguish 1noderate-size 01·epidula 

7ninceps from specimens from the nliocene Astoria 

Formation of Oregon and "\Vashington identified as 

0. Jn'aentpta Conrad. The most distinguishing characteristic is the medial indentation or curvature of the 

edge of the internal septmn O!l 0. Jn·incezJs ("\Voodring 

and others, 1946, p. 70). The deck is not exposed on 

the lectotype of 0. p;·aentpta; the insertions a.re preserved, however, on one of Conrad's original specimens, an internal mold figured by ~'Ioore (1963, pl. 1, 

fig. 22). A rubber cast of this moderately small specimen indicates that the insertion on the right side is 

slightly posterior to that on the left side. Unfortunately, it was not possible to recover the leading edge 

of the septum on the cast. 

Although this cast suggests a probable difference 

in septal configuration, the few available specimens 

of middle niiocene crepidnlas from Oregon and "\~Tashington that \Yonlcl ordinarily be identi.fied as O?·ezJid~tla 

7n·ae7'upta on the basis of size and external features 

do not shO\Y any consistent configuration of the leading 

edge of the septum. A specimen in the collections from 

the Astoria Formation at the U.S. National ~1useun1, 
64 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

USGS locality 18038, has a deck similar to that of 

0. JJ?'inceps, as does a speci1nen from vVashington 

figured by Etherington (1931, pl. 11, fig. 2). On the 

other hand, another specimen frmn nearly the sa1ne 

locality as Etherington's (pl. 5, fig. 7) has an entirely 

different septal pattern with the points of insertion 

ahnost opposite each other. The beak of this specimen 

is twisted less than 90° from the vertical. Clearly, the 

decks of many n1ore individuals need to be exposed and 

studied in order to determine if this characteristic can 

be used to differentiate 0. praentpta from 0. p1'inceps. 

It is altogether possible that some, if not many, of the 

Pacific coast middle l\iiocene specimens identified as 

0. praentpta may prove to be smaller but otherwise 

indistinguishable forms of 0. p?'inceps. 

It seems doubtful that Orepid1tla princeps of small 

and medimn size can be satisfactorily distinguished 

from 0. praentpta on the basis of some of the other 

supposed differences cited in the literature, such as 

degree of convexity of shell, whether or not the apex 

is appressed, thickness of beak, and relative bluntness 

of beak are variable characteristics on undoubted speciInens of 0. JJ?'inceps. 

In addition to the possible difference in deck configuration and in adult size, the upturned and sometimes severely twisted beak of 0. zn'inceps seems to be 

unique. On specimens of 0. praeruzJta from the Astoria 

Formation of Oregon, the beak is recurved parallel 

to the plane of the aperture (l\1oore, 1963, p. 26). It 

is not necessarily adherent, however, as illustrated by 

a small specimen from near Newport, Oreg., figured 

by l\1oore (pl. 1, fig. 16). 'Vhen working with immature specimens, it is doubtful that this feature will 

permit satisfactory discrimination. 

The supposed living descendant of this species 

(Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 790), 01•epidula grandis of 

the northern Pacific fauna, differs from specimens of 

0. p?'inceps in TJSGS collections at l\1enlo Park, Calif., 

by having a relatively thin, only weakly inflated shell 

with a semicircular, less deeply recessed deck, an orbicular '"'rather than elliptical outline, and a very small 

beak. vV oodring (in V\T oodring and others, 1940, p. 71) 

expressed doubt that these species are closely related. 

In the ICern River l\1iocene, 01·epi(htla p1'inceps 

ranges from the basal conglomerate of the Jewett Sand 

to the lower part of the Olcese Sand. It is distinct 

from the smaller 0. J'OBt?·alis, a commonly occurring 

species in the upper part of the Olcese Sand and the 

Round l\1ountain Silt. 

Distrib1ttion ancl stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation, Santa Cruz Mountains (Arnold, 1908) and 

Caliente Range (J. G. Vedder, oral commun., 1963) ; Jewett 

Sand, Kern River area. Middle Miocene: Astoria ( ?) Formation, 

Washington and Oregon; Sobrante Sandstone, Pacheco-Walnut 

Creek area ("Weaver, 1949, 1953; Lutz, 1951) ; Temblor Formation, Kern River area (Anderson and Martin, 1914; Loel and 

Corey, 1932) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, 

Carlson, and. Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (J. G. Vedder, 

written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation, Santa 

:Monica Mountains (Grant in Soper, 1938). Upper Miocene: 

Montesano Formation of 'Veaver (1912), southwestern Washington; San Pablo Group, Contra Costa County (Clark, 1915) ; 

Santa Margarita Formation, Coalinga area (Nomland, 1917a) 

and doubtfully at Comanche Point (Addicott and Vedder, 1963) ; 

Castaic Formation of Stanton (1966), eastern Ventura Basin. 

Pliocene: Empire Formation, southwestern Oregon (Dall, 1909; 

·weaver, 1945), common throughout California. Pleistocene: 

recorded from severnl lower Pleistocene localities in southern 

California ; very rare in the upper Pleistocene. 

Range: Lower Miocene to upper Pleistocene. 

Localities: Jewett Sand, USGS 6638?, M1590, M1591, M:1609; 

UCl\fP B1660, B1665. Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1694. 

Crepidula rostralis (Conrad) 

Plate 4, figures 10, 11, 14; plate 5, figures 10, 16 

Orepid1tla --?Conrad in Dana, 1849, U.S. Exploring Exped., 

Geology, app. 1, p. 727, pl. 19, figs. 11a, 11b [text reprinted 

in Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 59, p. 155]. 

Orypta rostralis Conrad, 1865, Am. Jour. Conchology, v. 1, p. 151. 

Orepidula rostralis (Conrad), Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 59, p. 83. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 27, fig. 3 ( ?) . 

Etherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 20, no. 5, p. 91, pl. 11, figs. 9-11. 

'Veaver, 1942, \Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 359, pl. 72, figs. 13, 15. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 37. 

Orepid1tla rostrata Conrad, Loel and Corey, 1932, California 

Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull, v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

01·epi(lula praerupta Conrad, Anderson, 1905, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 204, pl. 16, figs. 68, 69. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 

4, v. 4, p. 43. 

:Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 26-27 [in 

part], pl. 1, fig. 24. 

?Orepiclula cf. praerupta Conrad, Loel and Gorey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Supplementary desm'iption based 'Ltpon speci?nens 

from the /{ern Rive1· a1·ea.-Of 1noderate size, elongate, thin shelled. Aperture subelliptical, larger anteriorly. Shell strongly inflated. Compressed laterally, 

right side more so than left side, which flares somewhat. Beak robust, sharply pointed, usually oriented 

at right angles to plane of aperture but in some specimens reaches a 45° angle with respect to apertural 

surface. Internal septum confined to the beak area, 

deeply recessed, anterior margin semicircular. Exterior 

smooth except for incremental lines of growth. 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 65 

T1JpC: U.S. Na.tl. Mus. 110447. 

'1'1/PC looal'it11: Astoria., Oreg. Astoria. Formation, middle Miocene. 

This is one of the more common species in the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand. There is considerable variation in the degree of inclination of the plane defined 

by the beak, as well as in the degree of coiling within 

this plane. The aperture may vary from subcircular 

to subelliptical, and, occasionally the shells have a 

recumbent appearance because of the greater apparent 

c:ornpression of one side. 

The type of Ory[Jta ?'ost1·alis Conrad is an internal 

mold of an individual somewhat smaller than the 

average Rize of specimens from the Olcese Sand. It 

hns been well fignred by :Moore (1963, p. 26-27, pl. 1, 

fig. 2B), who placed this species in the synonymy of 

(17'(J,[Jidala zn·aentpta for the reason that, of the many 

speeimens of Orez;ichtla in collections from the type 

area and elsewhere in Oregon, no additional ones referable to 0. ?'OStJ·alis have been found. She concluded 

that the holotype is probably a flattened immature 

specimen of 0. zn·ae1·apta. Earlier, Etherington ( 1931, 

p. 91, pl. 11, Jigs. 9-11) identified specimens from the 

basal part of the Astoria Formation in southwestern 

'Vash:ington ns 0. 1·ostralis. Although the holotype of 

(l. ?'OSt?·alis is perhaps too poorly preserved to be certainly :identified with the 'Vashington and California 

specimens and appears to be deformed as noted by 

:Moore, the name has been associated with what is here 

considered a valid species. The question of whether 

the holotype is tL synonym of 0. [n·aer'U]Jta, as it may 

well be, can be ~trgued at length and probably will not 

be solved to everyone's satisfaction. It is here recognized as n. valid species, however, because of the straight 

extended beak and the small deeply recessed semicircular internal septum. 

There is little difficulty in distinguishing OrezJidula 

?'OSt?·alis from specimens identified as 0. pramoupta. 

The shell is relatively narrow and highly arched; the 

elongate beak is directed at right angles, or nearly so, 

to the plane of the aperture (pl. 4, fig. 11). The internal septum is distinctive; its "U shape" differs 

markedly from the septal configuration of other 

crep.idulas from Oregon and 'Vashington. It should be 

reemphasized, however, that details of the septum in 

type material of 0. 1n·ae?"'upta are as yet unknown. 

Possibly many of the identifications of 0. p?·ce?·upta 

from :Miocene localities in California are, in fact, 0. 

?'OSt?·al.is, or possibly 0. 1Jrince[JB, as suggested earlier. 

The young of O?·epid~~,za 'rost?·alis often have the 

n.ppearance of the cap-:shaped Pliocene to Holocene 

species 0. ad'wnca, but the latter apparently has a much 

1nore extens.i vc internal deck, which extends over 

nearly half of the aperture (Oldroyd, 1927, v. 2, pt. 

3, p. 119). Grant and Gale ( 1931, p. 791) observed that 

l\1iocene specimens identified as 0. adunca were likelier 

to be 0. prcen.t,pta or some other species. Of the Holocene 

crepidulas from the northeastern Pacific Ocean, 0. 

coei Berry ( 1950), a Pleistocene to Holocene species 

now living in the northern part of the Californian 

molluscan province, seems to be most closely allied to 

0. rostralis. Specimens of 0. coei fron1 late Pleistocene 

deposits at Newport Bay, Calif. (USGS loc. M1722) 

can be differentiated from 0. 1·ost1·alis by their more 

extensive, less arcuate internal septum. 

Distdbution and strat·igraphic occurrence: Astoria Formation: 

southwestern 'Vashington (Etherington, 1931), northwestern 

Oregon (Conrad, 1849) ; Empire Formation of Diller (1903) 

near Cape Blanco, Oreg. (USGS loc. l\12142) ; Temblor Formation: Anticline Ridge, Coalinga ai·ea (Woodring and others, 

1940, cf.) , Reef Ridge ( Adegol.:e, 1967) , La Panza Range ( Loel 

and Corey, 1932). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Local·ities: Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1593. Middle 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS 1.\f 1698. ·upper part of Olcese Sand, 

USGS 6619, 6624, l\11596--l\11602, l\fl693, M1697 ; UCMP B1586, 

B1593-B1595, cf. B1596, B1599, B1600, B1616, B1621-B1623, 

B1626, B1641, B1642. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 

6622, 6623, l\11604, l\11608, M1613 ; UCMP B1611, B1612, B1625, 

B1637, B1638. 

Crepidula cf. C. aculeata (Gmelin) 

A fragment of a relatively flat OrezJidula with nun1erous finely spinose ribs radiating outward from the 

strongly recurved beak resembles the modern eastern 

Pacific Ocean species 0. amdeata. The length-width 

ratio of the fossil specimen from the Round Mountain 

Silt is comparable to that of the modern species, according to measurements listed by ICeen (1958a, p. 

313). 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

6065. 

Family NATICIDAE 

Subfamily NATICINAE 

Genus NATICA Scopoli, 1777 

Type (by subsequent designation, Harris, 1897): 

N erita vitellus Linne. Holocene, western Pacific Ocean. 

Subgenus NATICA, s. s. 

Natica (Natica) teglandae Hanna and Hertlein 

Plate 5, figures 1, 2, 20 

Natica (Natica) dalli '.regland, 1933, California Univ., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 23, no. 3, p. 138, pl. 14, figs. 8-12 [not 

Teotonat-ioa (l(tlU Qossmann, 1925, Paleoconchologie Comparee, v. 13, p. 121.] 

Natica teglandi Hanna and Hertlein, 1938, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 12, no. 1, p. 108. 

Natica ( Tcotonatica) teglandac Hanna a.nd Hertlein, Weaver, 

1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, 

p. 33, pl. 68, fi<gs. 5-7. 
66 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Types: Holotype, California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 32215; 

paratypes, UCl\IP 32189, 32190. 

Type locality: UC::\IP 681, Blal{eley Formation of Weaver 

(1912), Restoration Point, Kitsap County, 'Vashington. 

N a tic a teglandae is represented by a few specimens 

from the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. It is 

a relatively small species that can be readily distinguished from other Miocene naticids by its small, 

weakly developed funicular rib. It is similar to the 

more abundant N. pos1tncula of the Olcese Sand and 

Round ~1ountain Silt but differs by its widely open 

umbilicus with a relatively small umbilical rib which 

terminates in a slender funicular callus. 

This sp<?cies is most closely related to N atica vokesi 

Addicott ( 1966, p. 638-639, pl. 77, figs. 2-5), a middle 

~1iocene species from the upper part of the Astoria 

Formation of the Newport Embayment, Oreg. Principal differences between these species are the much 

higher spire and strongly shouldered ·whorls of N. 

vokesi. 

Natica teglandae is rare in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand. It is a relatively small species compared 

with the other ~1iocene naticids of this area and can 

readily be separated from then1 by the small funicular 

rib ending anteriorly as a small swelling of callus on 

the apertural lip. 

Natica s.s. is a war1n-water genus. Along the margin 

of the eastern North Pacific Ocean it ranges from 

~1agdalena Bay on the southwestern coast of Baja 

California sout}nyard to Peru (l(een, 1958a, p. 320-321). 

Natica che1nnitzi Pfeiffer (l{een, 1958a, p. 320), an 

intertidal species that is common on mudflats from 

Magdalena Bay to Peru, appears to be the 1nodern 

analog of N. teglandae. Comparison with modern 

N atica is complicated by the definition of some species 

on the basis of sculpture of the calcareous operculae. 

N aticid operculae ar(:! very rare in the collections, in 

part because of the comparative scarcity of Natica in 

~1iocene strata of the J(ern River area. The operculum 

figured on plate 5, figure 14, presumably is from this 

species or from N. pos1tncula. 

Distrib~ttion an(l stratigra1Jhic occurrence: Upper Oligocene: 

Blakeley Formation of Weaver (1912), Puget Sound area, Washington (Tegland, 1933; ·weaver, 1942; Durham, 1944). Lower 

Miocene: Echinophoria apta Zone, northwestern ·washington 

(Durham, 1944). 

Range: Upper Oligocene to middle Miocene. 

I...tOeaUties: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1602. Lower 

part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6064 cf., cf. 6068, ?6613, 

?6623, 6641, M1608, cf. M1612 ; UCMP B1618. 

Subgenus NATICARIUS Dumeril, 1808 

Type (by monotypy) : N erita carena Linne. Holo- I 

cene, eastern Florida and vV est Indies. 

Natica (Naticarius1) posuncula Hanna and Hertlein 

Plate 5, figures 3, 4 

Natica, 1J08W1C1tl((, Hanna and Hertlein, 1938, Jour. Paleontology, 

v. 12, no. 1, p. 107-108, pl. 21, fig. 6. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 37. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 7084. 

'l'YlJC locality: CAS 65, hills northeast of Barkers Ranch, immediately north of Kern River [probably same as UCMP B1586, 

near center NW:!4SE:!4 sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quad·rangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Specimens of Natica pos'Lt1W'Ltla figured herein have 

a more pointed, somewhat· higher spire than the holotype, which appears to have been abraded. They are 

from a locality near the top of the Olcese Sand that is 

from the same general area and stratigraphic position 

as the holotype. ~1ost individuals frmn the J(ern River 

area, hmYever, are considerably smaller. The large 

funicular callus is located tmv-ard the anterior edge of 

the umbilicus. It is bordered by a subcircular cleft of 

variable width that spreads open posteriorly. 

Assignment to N aticari1ts is suggested by the faint 

axial wrinkles bordering the sutures on some specimens. 

~1oreover, a faint color pattern of spiral rows of lightbrown spots, similar to that described on the type 

species of N aticarius, N. carena Linne, by Abbott 

(1954, p. 191), occurs on a well-preserved specimen 

from USGS locality ~11597. However, no operculae 

with the characteristic sculpture of Natica1·i1t8 have 

been found in the J(ern River area. For this reason 

and because strong axial wrinkles do not occur on N. 

posuncula the subgeneric assignment is not firm. Living N aticari'Lts are found in the subtropical and tropical 

eastern Pacific Ocean (vVoodring, 1957). The umbilical opening of this species, although somewhat variable, seems to be consistently larger than that of Tectonatica, a subgenus with an almost completely plugged 

umbilicus. 

A similar middle ~1iocene naticid from the Astoria 

Formation of Oregon, N atica vokesi Addicott ( 1966, 

pl. 77, figs. 2-5), has a ·widely open umbilicus with a 

narrow funicular callus and smooth, strongly shouldered whorls. 

Etherington ( 1931, p. 93) first noted the occurrence 

of this species from the Kern River area, which he 

considered a variety of N atica clm·ki, a small species 

from the Astoria Formation in southwestern vVashington. Specimens of N. clarlci differ from N. JJOB'Ltncttla 

by having shouldered ". horls, a higher spire, and a 

very broad but "·eak umbilical rib. 

Distribution and st1·atigraphic occurrence: Temblor Formation: Reef Ridge area (Stewart, 1946) ; Saltos Shale Member 

of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (J. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 
ORDER ~ESOGASTROPODA 67 

J~OC(tUt-ics: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, cf. l\1:1598, 

cf. M1GOD, d. l\11607; UCMP B1601, B1616, B1622. Lower part 

of Round l\Iountnin Silt, USGS 3886, 6065, '16066, cf. 6623, M1604, 

l\11608, l\I1610, l\11612, l\11613, M1696, l\12480; UCMP B1638 cf. 

Subfamily POLINICINAE 

Genus POLINICES Montfort, 1810 

Type (by original designation) : Polinices alb~ts 

1\{ont:fort. Ilolocene, "HT est Indies. 

Polinices victoriana Clark and Arnold 

Plate G, figures 17, 18, 21 

PoUn:iccs (JJJ?t,s1Ji1·a.) victo1·iana Clark and Arnold, 1923, Califontia Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 14, no. 5, p. 170, 

pl. 33, figs. ln, IJ, tin, IJ. 

'Veaver, 1944, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. ti, p. 33ti-336, pl. 68, figs. 10-12, 14. 

PoUniccs canalis Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, 

p. 28, pl. 2, figs. 18, 22. 

'l'mws: Holot;ype, California Acnd Sci. 582; "cotype" [paratype], Cnlifomia Univ. Mus. Paleontology 30203. 

'111/1JC locaNty: CAS 231, in sea cliffs east of the mouth of Kirby 

Creek, (i miles west of Sooke, Vancouver Island, British Columbia. Sooke )!""'ormation, lower Miocene ( ?) . 

[The pa rntype of Poliniccs victoriana is from the middle 

Miocene of the Kern River area ( UCl\1P loc. 2713) ] . 

Type oJ: PoUnces ca.nal·is l\loore: U.S. Natl. Mus. 56134. 

'l.'mw locality: USGS 18806, in beach cliffs forming first headland south of fill at Spencer Creel~, Lincoln County, Oreg. Astoria 

ll'ormntion, middle :Miocene. 

This species has a heavy parietal callus with a faint 

trn.nsverse channel and corresponding projection of the 

callus marg.in above the umbilicus. IIowever, these 

fen,tures are :l:onnd only on the better preserved specimens. The chn.rn.cter of the umbilicus is variable. On 

most specimens from the !Cern River area, the umbilicus is bron.cl and has only a faint suggestion of a broad 

:Eunicnlal,' rib within (pl. 5, figs. 18, 21). On this form 

the inner edge o:f the parietal-columellar· callus describes a more or less straight line. There is also a 

:l:n.irly strong channel near the base of the umbilicus 

that indents the apertural lip and spirals outward 

from the umbilicus (pl. 5, fig. 8). This also seems to 

be a vn.r.in.blc elmrn.cter.istic developed on perhaps less 

than hn.H of the :individuals referable to this for1n of 

Polinice8 'IYictm·iana. Specimens from near the type 

locality o:t: P. canalis at the mouth of Spencer Creek, 

Lincoln County, Oreg., also have this peculiar outward] y directed spiral groove. 

A second form o:f this species is generally smaller 

and has a more constricted umbilical opening because 

of the enlargement of the :funicular rib (pL 5, fig. 17). 

There is n. :fairly distinct :funicular callus set off above 

by a slight indentation corresponding to the posterior 

umbilical groove. Specimens that seem to be intermediate between these two forms are in the collections 

from USGS locn.lity M1597. 

The form with the constricted mnbilicus can be 

differentiated from J\T atica JJOS~tnmtla by its more 

elongate shell, less wid~ly flaring aperture, and smaller, 

less elongate funicular callus. 

D·ist1·ibution mul stratigraphic occun·ence: Lower Miocene ( ?) : 

Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Clark 

and Arnold, 1923). Middle Miocene: Astoria Formation-Skamokawa quadrangle, southwestern 'Vashington (USGS loc. l\12513) 

and coastal Oregon (Moore, 1963) . 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

LocalUics: Basal part of Jewett sand, USGS 6638?, M1591. 

J.;ower part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\1:1694 cf. Middle part of 

Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, 

USGS M1597, l\11600-l\11602, M1604, l\11693,' l\11697; UCMP 

B1587, B1593, B1596-B1600, B1616, B1621, B1624, B1640, B1641. 

Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6613 ?, l\11608-l\11613. 

Genus NEVERITA Risso, 1826 

Type (by monotypy) : N eve'rita josephinia Risso. 

I-Iolocene, l\1editerrannean. 

Subgenus GLOSSAULAX Pilsbry, 1929 

Type (by original designation) : Neverita 1·ec~tsiana 

(Desha yes). I-Iolocene, northern California to central 

l\1exican coast. 

Neverita (Glossaulax) anderson! (Clark) 

Plate 5, figures 22-24 

?NaUca ocoyana Conrad, 1855, U.S. 33d·Cong., 1st sess., House 

Ex. Doc. 129, p. 18. 

Conrad, 1857, U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78, 

app., art. 2, p. 328, pl. 7, fig. 51, 51a [not 57, 57a, as stated 

on p. 328] here considered a nomen dubium. 

Ncverita callosa GaiJIJ, Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 188. 

Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull., v. 32, no. 1545, pl. 44, 

figs. 4, 4a. 

Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 309, 

pl. 31, figs. 4, 4a. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

?Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 5, v. 4, p. 43. 

Nat,ica (Ncvc1·ita) 1·cclttziana anclm·soni n. var., Clark, 1918, 

California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 168-

169, pl. 20, figs. 3, 10, 11, 12. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 27, fig. 2. 

Polini.ces 1'CClttziantts anflcrsoni Clark, Loel and Corey, 1932, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173, 

270, pl. 63, figs. 4a, b, 5a, b. 

Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 28, 

110. 13, p. 391, pl. 18, fig. 4. 

Ncvc1·ita anflersoni Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 37. 

'?Ncvcrita reclusiana (Deshayes), 'Voodring and Stewart in 

Woodring and others, 1940. U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

195, p. 86 [in part], pl. 15, fig. 19. 
68 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Type: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11212. 

TY1JC locality: UCMP 1131, in creekbed half a mile southwest 

of 'Valnut Creek about 100 yards east of Oakland and Antioch 

bridge, altitude 150 feet, Contra Costa County, Calif. San Ramon 

Formation, upper Oligocene or' lower Miocene. 

This is the Inost comihon naticid in the Miocene formations .of the J(ern River area. It is readily separable . 

from other naticids in this area on the basis of the 

large anteriorly-grooved callus pad that ordinarily 

plugs the umbilicus. Other unique features are the 

flattened sides of the body whorl, low spire, and thick 

parietal call us. 

N eve1ita andersoni is closely related to N. rec7Jusiana 

(Desha yes), a variable species encompassing several 

seemingly distinct forms. N eve?ita ?'ecl~tsiaria s.s., as 

recognized by Grant and Gale ( 1931, p. 800-801), is 

not present in collections from the Kern River district. 

This species is relatively high spired and has a characteristic outline formed by a shelflike, concave segment immediately below the suture. It has been reported, however, from severaliniddle Miocene localities 

in California (Loel and Corey, 1932; Stewart, 1946; 

1Veaver, 1949) and from the upper OliO'ocene or lower 

Miocene San R.amon Formation (1Vea~er 1949 1953 

Moore, ' ' ' 1963). The variety N. rechtsiana i1nperjorata 

(Arnold) [discussed by Pilsbry (1929, p. 111-113, pl. 

6, figs. 2-4)] most closely approaches N. andersoni in 

morphology. It is here considered separable however . ' ' on the basis of the greatly flattened shell, an evenly 

rounded profile above the basal angulation of the body 

whorl, and the point of attachment of the outer aperturallip, usually relatively lower than on N. andersoni. 

~s observed b~ vVoodring and others (1946, p. 71-72) 

In a careful discussion of N everita rechtsiana and its 

varietal forms, it is difficult to recognize immature 

specim.ens £rm'? other forms of N. recluziana, the problem being the Incomplete development of the umbilical 

callus on most small shells. 

Many species from the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

are referred to a similar but very high spired species 

N everita alta (Dall). This species has an incomplete!; 

plugged umbilicus characterized by a tonguelil{e ext~nsion of the posterior part of the umbUicafcallus. It has 

been treated as a form of N. ?~~clusiana by many 

workers but is considered a separate and distinct 

species herein. 

A specimen from the Pliocene San Joaquin Formation of the J(ettleman Hills in central California 

figured by 1Voodring and others ( 1940, pl. 15, fig. 19; 

pl. 20, fig. 4) as N evmita reclusiana short variety js 

more cylindrical in outline and seems to be more compressed laterally than N. andersoni. It was noted that 

the subcylindrical specimens resembled N. callosa Gabb 

in outline and that no Holocene specimens in the U.S. 

N~tional Museum or the Philadelphia Academy of 

Sciences resembled this cylindrically shaped form 

(vVoodring and others, 1940, p. 86). 

Grant and Gale's Polinices 1•eclusianu,s var. andersoni 

(1931, p. 802) presumably includes forms other than 

are h.ere .included in Neve1·ita andersoni because they 

describe Its body whorl profile as "sloping off at a low 

m~gle [below th~ sutur?] and curving around broadly, 

with constantly Increasing convexity, to the umbilicus." 

As such their statement that this form is more common 

than N. 1·ecl~tsianus s.s. in the modern fauna need not be 

taken as evidence of a range extension of N. andersoni 

into the Holocene. The fonn that they describe more 

likely is N. reclusiana ~mperjo1•ata. 

Admittedly it is difficult to reach a decision as to 

whe~her l'l. andersoni should be treated as a separate 

species or as a form of N. Teclwsiana as some workers 

have done (Clark, 1918; Grant and Gale, 1931; Lutz, 

1951; Hall, 1958). Because there are no clear indications of integraclation between the relatively constant 

morphology of N. andersoni and the described variants 

of N. ?'eclusiana in collections from the !(ern River 

area, N. andersoni is here treated as a distinct species. 

A few large specimens, however, do approach the low 

conic~l outline of N. recl~tsiana fonna i1npm·jorata. ' 

It IS probable that Conrad's N atica ocoyana ( 1857, 

p. 328, pl. 7, figs. 51, 51a) is this species. This name is 

~ere consid~red a nomen dubium because the type, an 

Incomplete Inte:nal mo.ld j~dging from the drawing, 

cannot be specifically Identified or even classified as 

a naticid fron1 Conrad's figure and description. Moreover, there are at least two naticid taxa in the collection from USGS locality M1698, which is probably 

the same as the type locality of Natica ocoyana. Because the type has been lost (l(een and Bentson 1944 

p. 177), it is unlikely that Conrad's species can e~er b~ recognized. 

N eve?ita callosa Gabb, another J\1iocene species referable to Glossaulax on the basis of the O'rooved urnbilical callus, is also difficult to recognize0 

because the 

type I~la~erial has been lost (Stewart, 1927, p. 291) and 

the original figures and description do not permit careful comparison with fossil material. The overall outline .of N. callosa (Gabb, 1869, pl. 2, fig. 17) differs 

considerably from specimens here referred toN. andersoni. Although both species have a very low poorly 

developed spire, N. callosa has an evenly ;ounded, 

globose body whorl, whereas N. andeTsoni has a flatsided body whorl, the general aspect of which resembles the outline of a lamp shade. Gabb (1866, p. 10) 

compared his species with a similar "forin * * * found 

by Dr. Cooper at San Pedro" [probably ]\l, 1·eclusiana 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 69 

(Deshayes) ]. Gabb noted that this similar form had 

a better developed spire and a broader body whorl. 

Arnold's N eve1·ita callosa ( 1907, pl. 44, figs. ~' 4a) 

fr01n the Topanga Formation in the Santa ~{onica 

~fountains is a low-spired, cylindrical-shaped specimen 

with the broadest part of the body whorl at the basal 

angulation. The profile is identical to that of N. ande?·-

soni and quite distinct from the rounded profile of the 

type figure of N. callosa. Earlier records of N. callosa 

in the !Cern River area (Anderson, 1905, 1911; Anderson and ~1artin, 1914; ICeen, 1943) presumably are of 

N. ancle1•soni. No specimens referable toN. callosa have 

been recognized in collections fr01n the !Cern River 

~1iocene chu·ing this study. 

A recent~y described species from the middle ~1iocene Astoria Formation of Oregon, N eve1'ita ja1nesae 

~{oore ( 1963, p. 28-29, pl. 2, figs. 5, 15, 19) differs from 

N. ancleTsoni principally by' its smaller, poorly developed medially grooved umbilical callus that does not 

plug the umbilical opening and its evenly rounded, 

conical outline. 

D'iSt?·ibuHon ana stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene ( ?) : 

San Hamon ll'ormntion, Contrn Costa County (Clark, 1918). 

Lower l\:liocene: Vaqueros ]!""'ormation-Santa Cruz Mountains, 

northern Gnbilnn Range, Santa Lucia Range, La Panza Range, 

Snn 1Dmigclio l)Iountnins (Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Caliente Range 

(1Dnton and others, 1941) ; Nipomo quadrangle, San Luis Obispo 

County (Hall and Corbnto, 1967} western Santa Ynez Range, 

Ventura basin, Channel Islands, western Santa Monica Mountains, Snn .Joaquin Hills, Santa Ann Mountains (Loel and Corey, 

1932) ; lHicldle Miocene: Sobrante Formation, Pacheco-,Valnut 

Creek area (I.utz, 1951) ; Oursnn Sandstone, Pleasanton area 

(Hnll, 1958) ; Oursnn ( '?) Sandstone, Tesla quadrangle (Clarl\: 

in Huey, 19•!8) ; Temblor Formation, Coalinga area, La Panza 

Range (Loel and Corey, 1932), Caliente Range (Eaton and 

others, 19•!1) ; Topanga ]!""'ormation, Santa Monica Mountains 

nvoodring in Hoots, 1931, cf.; Loel and Corey, 1932) I Santa 

Ann Mountnins (Loel and Corey, 1932). Upper Miocene: Santa 

1\:Inrgnritn ]!""'ormation, Coalinga area (Nomland, 1917a; Clark, 

1918). Pliocene: "I.Jower l!~ernando" (Clark, 1918). 

Range: I.Jower Miocene to Pliocene. 

LocalU,ics: .Jewett Sand, USGS 6638 cf., 6639, l\11590, l\11591; 

UCl\iP B1660, B1660, B1667, cf. B1668. Lower part of Olcese 

Sand, USGS M1694; UCMP 1646, B1657, B1676. Middle part of 

Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698. Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 

6890, M1596-l\11602, M1693, M1697 ; UCMP B1586, B1587, B1593-

B1601, B1603, B1614-B1616, B1621-B1624, B1629, B1641, B1642, 

B1044, B17G3. Hound Mountain Silt, USGS 6065'?, cf. 6068, 6611, 

(1613, '10622, 6(123, cf. 6641, 13361, l\11605, l\11606, l\:Il608, l\:Il611-

M1613, cf. l\I1696, l\.£2480; UCMP B1588, B1612, l\:Il613, B1625, 

B1636-B1638, B1678. 

Neverita (Glossaulax) alta Arnold 

Plate 5, figures 19, 25 

[Polinices (Ncvc1·ita) 1·ecl1tZ'iana] vnr. alta Arnold, 1903, California Acncl. Sci. Mem., v. 3, p. 315. 

Ncvcrlta 'rccluzlana variety alta Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 59, p. 88. 

Neve1·ita recluziana Petit alta Dall, Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Bull. 396, pl. 20, figs. 5, 5a. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 42, figs. 5, 5a. 

Neverita alto ( 'Dall' Arnold) Pilsbry, 1929, Nautilus, v. 42, 

p. 110-111, pl. 6, figs. 5-9. 

!11 'a discussion of N evm'ita ?'eclusiana that is generally taken to be the original description of this form, 

Dall states ( 1909, · p. 8'8). "There is a.. variety alta Dall, 

with small narrow shell and·' exceptionally elevated 

spire." 

Lectotype: U.S. Natl. l\fus. 147436 (designated by Pilsbry, 

1929, p. 111). 

Tmw locality: Oliver and Pacific Streets, San Pedro, Calif. 

Palos Verdes Sand, upper Pleistocene. 

Several specimens in the collections from the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand and the Round Mountain Silt 

are tentatively referred to this species. The slender body 

whorl, high spire, and incompletely plugged umbilical 

opening are characters that distinguish this species 

from Neve rita Tecl'l..tsiana and N. andeTsoni. The unique 

tonguelike posterior lobe of the umbilical callus characteristic of this species, however, is not always well 

developed in the I\:ern River l\{iocene specimens. This 

species differs from N. jan-wsae ~1oore (1963, p. 28-29, 

pl. 2, figs. 5, 15, 19) from the Astoria Formation in 

Oregon chiefly in the relatively high spire, the elongate 

posterior lobe of the umbilical callus, and the anterior 

location of the umbilical groove. 

Neve rita alta has been v~riously treated as a valid 

species (Pilsbry, 1929, p. 110-111; Burch, 1946, no. 56, 

p. 31; ICanakoff and Emerson, 1959) or as a variety or 

subsi)ecies of N. ?'eclusiana ("Voodring and others, 

1946; Valentine, 1961). As this taxon seems reasonably 

distinct from the other l\1iocene naticids with which it 

occurs, it is here afforded full specific rank. 

V\T ell-preserved specimens from USGS locality 6641 

in the Round :Mountain Silt have cream -colored subsutural and basal color bands c01nparable to the orange 

color banding of some Recent specimens. The subsutural band is relatively broad. Similar banding has 

been observed on some immature specimens of N. 

andeTsoni. 

Distribution ancl stmUgmphic occurrence: Pliocene: Etchegoin Formation, Coalinga area (Arnold, 1909). Pleistocene: 

Lomita l\Iarl and Timms Point Silt l\fembers of the San Pedro 

]!'ormation, and Palos Verdes Sand, Palos Verdes Hills (Woodring and others, 1946), upper Pleistocene marine terraces, northwestern Baja California (Valentine, 1957). Holocene: Monterey, 

Calif. to Ensenada, Baja California (Burch, 1946). 

Range: Middle Miocene to Holocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11596 cf., 

l\f1597, l\11599, l\U602; UCMP B1599, B1624. Round Mountain 

Silt, USGS 3886, cf. 6063, ?6067, 6622, 6623, 6641, M1603, cf. 

l\11606, l\f1612, l\:I1613, l\11696; UCMP B1617?. 
70 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Neverita (Glossaulax) jamesae Moore 

Plate 6, figures 8, 10 · 

Ncvcrita (Glossaulax) jamesae :Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. SmTey 

Prof. Paper 419, p. 28-29, pl. 2, figs. 5, 15, 19. · · 

Poliniccs vancouverensis Clark and Arnold, Durham, 1944, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 27, no. 5, p. 160. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 563129. 

'l'ype locality: About 17 feet above base of section exposed in 

big headland in beach cliff about 600 yards north of Spencer 

Creek, Lincoln County, Oreg. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. 

Specimens referred to N. janwsae are characterized 

by a thick, bilobed umbilical callus and a broad mnbilical area. The callus groove is oriented at right 

angles to the axis of the shell, whereas in the other 

species of N eveTita from the !(ern River area it is 

hooked in an anterior direction, making an acute angle 

with the shell axis. Immature shells are difficult to 

differentiate from other Miocene species in this area, 

but larger specimens are easily separable from N. 

andenoni and N. alta by their incomplete umbilical 

callus and the low conical outline. N. alta Dall is 

similar toN. janwsae but differs by .having an enlarged 

posterior lobe of the umbilical callus and a relatively 

high, conical outline. 

Two specimens identified by Durhan1 (1944, p. 160) 

as Polinices vancmtveTensis Clark and Arnold from the 

E chinophoTia a pta zone of upper part of the Twin 

River Formation (UCl\1P loc. A3709) in northwestern 

1Vashington are identical to this species. Although 

poorly preserved, both have the characteristic shape 

and small, grooved umbilical callus pad of N. janwsae. 

DistribuUon and stntUgrapMc occurrence: Lower Miocene (?) : 

Upper part of the Twin River Formation, northwestern ·washington (Durham, 1944 [as Polinices vanconverensis Clark and 

Arnold]. Middle Miocene: Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon 

(Moore, 1963). 

Range: Lower Miocene ( ? ) to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, M1599, 

l\11600, cf. M1601, cf. l\11602 ; UCMP B1621 cf. Lower part of 

Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6641 ?, M1604, M1606, M1612, M1613, 

l\f1696, cf. l\1:2480. Olcese Sand or Round Mountain Silt, UCMP 

2713. 

Neverita (Glossaulax) n. sp.1 

Plate 6, figures 1, 9 

Of medium size, moderately high spired. Body whorl 

globular, deeply umbilicate. Umbilical callus narrow, 

margin incised by subhorizontal notch. 

I-Ieight 18.8 mm, ·width 16.2 mm (figured speci1nen, 

pl. 6, fig. 9). . 

Figured 81)Ccirnen: California Univ. Mus. Paleont()logy 15492. 

Locality: UCl\lP B1638, east side of gully about 25 feet above 

base and 20 feet stratigraphically above B1637, 1,300 feet north, 

1,450 feet east of s·w. cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E. Oil Center 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This deeply umbilicate N eveTita is distinct from 

named species that occur in the !(ern River area and 

appears to be undescribed. Specimens· from four localities in the upper part of the Olcese Sand and lower 

part of the Round l\1ountain . Silt lui ve a uniformly 

narrow, characteristically notched mnbilical callus. 

N eveTita jmnesae, a similar but low-spired species 

that occurs in the !(ern River area, has a flattened body 

whorl, broad umbilical opening, and much larger, 

swollen umbilical callus. Specimens of N. rreclusiana 

and N. alta that have an open, or partly open, umbilicus 

have a relatively broader umbilical callus. The upper 

lobe of their callus extends n1uch farther anteriorly 

than the posterior one, whereas on ~N. n. sp. ~ the lobes 

are n1ore nearly equally developed. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Lower part of Round :Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 6622, l\11612; 

UC:MP loc. B1638. 

Subfamily SININAE 

Genus SINUM Roding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Dall, 1915): Helix 

lwliotoidea Linne (cited by Roding as Gmelin). Holocene, ·western Pacific ( ~) . 

SigaTet'ttS Lamarck is a synonyn1 of this genus. Apparently there is some uncertainty as to the provenance 

of the type species·; ·v\T oodring ( 1928, p. 389) cited 

"western Pacific~," ·~v hich is used above, and Olsson 

and Harbison ( 1953, hP· 271) 1Vest Africa. 

Sacco (1891a, p. 9ii104, pl. 1) recognized three subgenera under SigaTet'us ( = Sintt?n of this paper), 

Sigm·etot1·en!Ja for greatly inflated forms, O'ryptost01na 

Blainville for flattened forms, and Sigarettts s.s. for 

apparently intermediate fonns. As observed by Cossmann (1924, p. 143), the type of Sigm·ettts [and of 

Sin1t1n J, H eliw haliotoidea, is a greatly flattened shell. 

This fact makes 01'YJJtost01na a funior synonym. Although it is possible to classify greatly flattened species 

under Sintun s.s. and inflated or globose species as 

Sigaretot1·e?na, the problmn of properly allocating 

species with shells of intermediate inflation, such as 

Sinttm.~ scopulosu1n, casts some doubt on the usefulness 

of these subgenera as presently defined. 

Sinum scopulosum (Conrad) 

Plate G, figures 5-7, 11 

Si.gm·ct~ts scopulostts Conrad, 1849, U.S. Exploring Exped., Geol., 

app. 1, p. 727, pl. 19, figs. 6, 6a [not figs. 6b, c, d, :fld'e 

· Moore, 1963, p. 29-30]. 

Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. P·roc., ser. 3, v. 2, no. 1, 

p. 203-204, pl. 16, figs. 72, 73. 

?Reagan, 1909, Kansas Acad. Sci. Trans., v. 22, p. 194-195, 

pl. 3, fig. 30. 

Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, p. 154, pl. 24, 

fig. 1. 
ORDER ~ESOGASTROPODA 71 

Arnold nnd Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, p. 

. 326, pl. 46, fig. 1. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc,, ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 43. 

Sin:um 8C01mlosnm, (Conrad), Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Pnper G9, p. 91-92, pl. 4, fig. 10 ; pl. 5, fig. 8. 

Cllll'l{, 1918, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 11, 

110. 2, p. 169-170. 

Stewart, 1927, Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 78, 

p, 327-328, pl. 32, fig. •!. 

lDthcrington, 1931, Cnlifornia Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 20, no. G, p. 9G-96, pl. 12, fig. 13. 

Loci and Corey, 1032, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 270, pl. 63, figs. 1a, b, 3a, b. 

Schcncl.: nnd Keen, 1940, California fossils for the field 

geologist, pl. 3G, fig. 3 [reprinted in 1950 issue]. 

Weaver, 1!N2, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geol., v. 5, 

p. 34D-3GO, pl. 71, figs. 12, 14, 17, 18. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p, 37. 

Woodring and Bramlette, 1950, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. 

Paper 222, p. 73, pl. 12, fig. 5. 

Morris, 1952, A field guide to shells of the Pacific coast 

and Hawaii, p. 95, pl. 24, fig. 17. 

1\Ioore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 29-31, 

pl. 1. figs. 2, 3 ; pl. 2, figs. 20, 21. 

Morris, 1966, A field guide to shells ·of the Pacific coast and 

Hawnii ~~ ~' ~\ p. 79, pl. 35, fig. 9. 

'!Sinmn 8C01Htlosmn? Conrad, Tegland, 1933, California Univ., 

Dept. Gcol. Sci. Bull., v. 23, no. 3, p. 140, pl. 14, fig. 23. 

Sinmn 1Jlanicostwn Gnbb, 1869, Pnleontology of California, v. 2, 

p. 49, pl. 14, fig. 6 [refigured by Stewart, 1927, Acad. Nat. 

Sci. Philndelphia Proc., v. 78, p. 327-328, pl. 32, fig. 4 as 

S·inwn 8C01Htlosmn (Conrad) ] . 

Sinmn ca1itornicnm Oldroyd, 1917, Nautilus, v. 31, p. 13. 

Oldroytl, lf.>2i, Stanford Univ. Pubs. Geol. Sci., v. 2, pt. 3, 

131-132, pl. 92, figs. 13, 14. 

Lcctot1}1JC: U.S. Natl. 1\:Ius. 3553 (designated by Moore, 1963, 

p, 29). 

'l'YlJC locality: Astoria, Oreg. [presumably from the Astoria 

ll'ormntion]. 

'l'ypc of Sinmn 1Jlanicost1tm Gabb: Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4326. 

'1'1J1JO 1ocalit1J: "Pliocene, San Fernando" (Stewart, 1927, p. 

328) [Plco ]'ormation, Ventura basin, California]. 

'l'ype of Slnwn cal'ifomicwm Oldroyd: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colln. 6446. 

'1'1/1JC local-ity: San Pedro, Calif., Holocene. 

This species is rare in :Miocene rocks of the l(ern 

H.ivor area. A few specimens arc in the collections from 

the upper part of tho Olccsc Sand and the lower part 

of the Hound l\1ountain Silt. Loci and Corey (1932) 

reported Sin'l.t?n scozn~lOS'I.t111 from a lower :Miocene 

locality northwest of Pyramid I-Iill. There is a doubtfully identified specimen in a collection from USGS 

locality l\116DD from the same area. In general the l(ern 

River specimens are smaller and more flattened than 

the lectotype frmn the Astoria Formation (l\1oore, 

1DG3, pl. 1, figs. 2, 3). I-ImYcvcr, the largest specimens 

tend to be fairly high spired. This fact suggests that 

the shells become more inflated in the later stages of 

growth. Comparison of sculpture is difficult because 

the lectotype has only a small amount of shell material 

adhering to th~ mold. Other specimens fron1 the 

Astoria Formation of Oregon, however, are sculptured 

much like the California material. Variation in the 

width and number of spiral ribs and in the number of 

interribs is apparent in the material at hand. Irregularity of the ribs and interspaces on specimens of S. scopulos'l.t'ln from the Astoria Formation was noted by :Moore 

(1963). 

The Holocene Sinwm de bile (Gould) , a warm tenlperatc to tropical species that ranges from southern 

. California to Panama, has a sn1all, greatly flattened 

shell distinct from S. 8GOp7.~lso'li/Jn. 

Sinunt obliqu1un ( Gabb), an upper Eocene to Oligoonce species frmn the Pacific coast, is a small, flattened 

species 'vith fine, rounded spiral ribs. 

D'ist1·£b1tt-ion ana stmtigraphic ocmtrrcnce: Upper Oligocene: 

Twin River .IJ"ormation [Echinophoria 1·ex zone], northern Olympic Peninsula, " 7ashington (Durham, 1944) ; type Blakeley Formation of Weaver (1912), Puget Sound, " 7ashington (Tegland, 

1933). Lower l\liocene( ?) : Twin River Formation, northern 

Olympic Peninsula (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913; Durham, 1944 

[Echht01Jhoria a1Jtn zone]) ; San Ramon Sandstone ( Contra 

Costa County, California (Clark, 1918; Weaver, 1953). Lower 

1\liocene: Vaqueros Formation-northern Santa Lucia Range, 

La Panza Range, western Santa Ynez Range, Ventura basin 

(Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 

1941). Middle Miocene: Clallam .IJ"ormation, northern Olympic 

Peninsula, Washington (Reagan, 1909; Arnold and Hannibal, 

1913; Durham, 1944) ; Astoria Formation-southwestern Washington (Etherington, 1931), coastal Oregon (Conrad, 1849; 

Moore, 1963) ; Monterey Shale, Carneros Creek, Napa County, 

California OVeaver, 1949) ; Monterey Group, western Contra 

Costa County (Weaver, 1949) ; Temblor Formation-Vallecitos 

area (Schenck and Keen, 1940), Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946, 

cf.), La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932'); Saltos Shale 

Member of the Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (J. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains 

(Susuki, 1951), Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder and Woodring, 

unpub. data, 1953). 'Gpper Miocene: Montesano Formation of 

'Ve{!.ver (1912), southwestern Washington (Weaver, 1916; 

Etherington, 1931) ; Santa Margarita Formation-Coalinga area 

(Nomland, 1917a), Comanche Point (VSGS loc. M1619); Castaic 

.IJ"ormation of Crowell (1955), eastern Ventura basin (Stanton, 

1966, 1967). Pliocene: Empire Formation, southwestern Oregon 

(Dall, 1909; ·weaver, 1942, 1945) ; Pancho Rico Formation, Salinas Valley (Durham and Addicott, 1!:)65) ; Etchegoin Formation, Coalinga area (Nomland, 1917b) ; Careaga Sandstone, 

Santa Maria basin (Woodring and Bramlette, 1950) ; Pico Formation, eastern Ventura basin (Kew, 1924; Grant and Gale, 

1931; 'Voodring and others in 'Vinterer and Durham, 1962) ; 

Fernando Formation, Puente Hills (Vedder in Durham and 

Yerkes, 1964, cf.). Lower Pleistocene: lower San Pedro "Series," 

San Pedro (Oldroyd, 1925). Upper Pleistocene : terrace deposits, 

western Los Angeles basin (Willett, 1937; Valentine,· 1956) ; 

Palos Verdes Sand, Newport Bay area (Kanakoff and Emerson, 
72 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

1959). Holocene: Monterey Bay, California to Todos Santos Bay, 

Baja California (Abbott, 1954). 

Range: Upper Oligocene to Holocene. 

Localit-ies: .Jewett Sand, USGS l\11699. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, USGS l\11597, l\11602. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

USGS 6065, 6622, 6623, l\12480; UCl\iP B1637, B1638. 

Family CYMATIIDAE 

Genus CYMATIUM Roding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Dall, 1904): 

Oymatiu/m fernwrale Linne. Holocene, vVest Indies. 

Cymatium n. sp. 

Pia te 6, figure 12 

Of medium size, with six rapidly enlarging whorls. 

vVhorls of spire bulbous, indistinctly angulated near 

midpoint. Penultimate whorl sculptured by about 16 

spiral cords of varying strength and about 10 irregularly spaced axial folds which are well developed 

near midpoint of whorl but weaken near sutures. Body 

whorl large and rugose and sculptured by irregularly 

distributed spiral cords of primary to tertiary strength 

and irregular randomly spaced varices that become 

obsolete near the base. Surface of varices nodose where 

crossed by primary spiral cords. Aperture oval. 

Height (incomplete) 37 mm, width (nearly complete) 25.5 mm. 

Figttrecl speci1nen: California Acad. Sci. 12932. 

Local,ity: CAS 2064 ( = CAS 65), on west bank of small canyon 114 miles northeast of Barker's ranchhouse. Probably same 

as UCMP B1586, near center of N\V14 SE14 sec. 32, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

Although represented by an incomplete considerably 

worn specimen, this cymatiid seems distinct from the 

known Tertiary species of western North America. The 

only other occurrence of Oy1nati~tm in the California 

Miocene is an unrecorded species collected from the 

lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation in the Felton quadrangle, Santa Cruz l\fountains, by Joseph C. Clark. 

"Gyrinettrn" sp. (Moore, 1963, .pl. 5, fig. 21), a speciInen from the Astoria Formation of Oregon, which is 

nearly devoid of shell material, resembles Oymatiu1n n. 

sp. in size, profile, and sculpture as far as can be determined from the small areas of remaining shell material. The smooth internal mold, however, suggests 

that the Oregon specimen 1nay well be a 11/ ediargo 

related to 11/. dilleri as implied by Moore. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, CAS loc. 2064. 

Genus MEDIARGO Terry, 1968 

Type (by original designation) : ·Gyrineum mediocre 

Dall. Pliocene, Pacific Coast States. 

Moore ( 1963, p. 32) first observed that Anderson 

and Martin's A1·gob1.wcinu1n dille1i (1914) could not 

be satisfactorily assigned to described cymatiid genera 

and further noted its probable generic relationship to 

G. rnwdiocre Dall (1909). Subsequently, Terry (1968) 

erected ill edia'rgo to include JJ!. 1nediocris and 11/. 

matlwwsoni, Pacific coast cymatiids characterized by 

two more or less continuous varices, tabulate whorls, 

fine columellar plications, and, in immature individuals, 

a denticulate outer lip. The genus is here extended to 

include ill. dilleri, a middle l\1iocene species that is 

difficult to distinguish from the ancestral early Miocene species M. 1nathe~osoni. 

Mediargo dilleri (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 6, figures 13, 15, 17, 18; plate 7, figure 11 

A_rgobuccinum dilleri Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 5, p. 71-72, pl. 4, fig. 7. 

WeaYer, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 420, pl. 83, fig. 6. 

"Gy1·inettm" clilleri (Anderson and Martin), Moore, 1963, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 31-32, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 152. · 

Type locality: CAS 35, sea cliff a little south of the mouth of 

Wade Creek about 6 miles north of Yaquina Bay, Lincoln County, 

Oreg. (Moore, 1963). Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. 

11! ediaTgo dillmi (Anderson andl\1artin) has not been 

previously reported from l\1iocene strata in California. 

However, "Argobuccin1.tm n. sp. (large)," listed by Loel 

and Corey ( 1932, p. 171) from an unspecified locality 

in the Temblor Formation of the La Panza Range, 

could be this species. 

There is considerable Yariation in the spiral sculpture 

of specimens frmn the upper part of the Olcese Sand. 

l\1ost of the specimens have strong primary spiral ribs 

on the body 'vhorl that are usually, but not always, 

split by a medial spiral groove; all have three riblets 

in the interspaces. In general the primary sculpture is 

decidedly stronger than on specimens from the Astoria 

Formation of nortlnvestern Oregon but specimens from 

UCl\1P locality B1622 and CAS locality 65 have weakly 

developed split primary ribs very similar to those of 

the type specimen. 

This species can be consistently differentiated from 

the ancestral early l\1iocene species frmn the Jewett 

Sand, 111 ediaTgo 1nathe~osoni ( Gabb), by the development of three riblets in the interspaces between the 

primary spirals. 

Distribtttion ancl stratigraphic occttrrence: Middle Miocene: 

Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon (Anderson and Martin, 

1914 ; Moore, 1963) . 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, l\11602 ; 

UCMP B1622 ; CAS 65. 

Mediargo mathewson! (Gabb) 

Pia te 6, figures 2-4 

Ranclla mathcwsoni Gabb, 1866, Paleontology of California, v. 2, 

p. 8, pl. 2, fig. 13. 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 73 

B·u·rsa 1n.athc11:8011'H ( Gnbb), Clark, 1918, California Univ., Dept. 

Geology Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 173, pl. 20, figs. 1, 2. 

"B·wr:>~a!' cf. B. ·uwtthcw8onii [ (Gnbb)], Schenck and Keen, 1940, 

California fossils for the field geologist, pl. 35, fig. 1. 

A.rfJO b ucofnwm cf. m.at1wwsoni? ( Gabb), Tegland, 1933, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 23, no. 3, p. 134-135, 

pl. 13, fig::;. 12-14. . 

·m II'Nta vmwouvr1't1H;·is Clark nnd Arnold, 1923, California Univ., 

Dept. Gcol. Sci. Bull., v. 14, no. 5, p. 163, pl. 37, figs. 1a, b, 

2a, b. 

?.~;h'{JOb?u:cin?t1n va.n.cottvct·cnsc (Clarl{ and Arnold), Weaver, 

1942, 'Vnshington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, 

n. 421, pl. ~3, figs. 8, 12. 

~L'mw: Appnrcntly lost (Stewart, 1927, p. 291). 

7'mw loca.Ut11: Miocene south of Martinez, Contra Costa County, Cnlif. 

Types of Bw-.~a. va.ncottvm·cnsis Clark and Arnold : Holotype, 

California .Acad. Sci. fi78; paratype, Stanford Univ. paleontology 

t:yve colin. 284 [not Cnliforuia Univ. Mus. Paleontology 30081 

ns indicated by Clark and Arnold]. 

7'111W locality: SU NP-12H, snndstone and conglomerate of the 

Sooke l!'ol'lnution in sen cliffs between mouths of Muir and Kirby 

CrN'I•s, west of Otter Point, Sooke, Vancouver Island, British 

Columuin. 

Although the type material of "Ranella" rnathewsoni is lost (Stewart, 1027), it seems probable that 

Cl a.rk's B. 'math e'l.vsoni ( Gabb) ( 1918, p. 173, pl. 20, 

figs. 1, 2) from the ]ower ~1iocene ( ~) San Ramon 

Sandstone of Contra. Costa County may represent 

Gn.bb's doubtful species. The only similar l\iiocene cymatiid known ~o occur in this area, "Bu'rsa" trampasensis Clark ( 1915, p. 492, pl. 67, fig. 3) from the lower 

part o1: the upper l\{iocene Sn.n Pablo Group, has weak 

spiral ribbing that seems distinct from Gabb's description (1866, p. 8) of square-topped ribs and flat interspaces carrying a fine riblet. 

ill ediargo ?nathe'wson'i is fairly abundant in the basal 

conglomcratie sand of the Jewett Sand. Unfortunately, 

ncn,r]y all of the specimens are encrusted with gypsum 

and could not be photographed satisfactorily, although 

the general senlptural features are reasonably clear. 

They are ch.n.raetcr.izccl by coarsely noded whorls with 

paired vat:ices that tend to ascend the spire in a nearly 

straight line. There is a nodose subsutural tabulation on 

nmny of the specimens .. The spiral sculpture of the 

penultimate nnd body whorls compares favorably with 

the spceirncns from the San Ramon Sandstone figured 

by Clark (1918), but the details of secondary spiral 

sculpture arc not clearly preserved. One well preserved, 

but decorticated, specimen from the basal part of the 

,Jewett Sand (pl. G, figs. 3, 4) has flat spiral ribs that 

are split by a medial groove and a well-developed secondary spiral r.iblct in the interspaces. This specimen 

also has a st.rongly tabulate suture. Perhaps these 

features may be accentuated because of the exfoliation 

of the outermost shell layers. At all events this specimen suggests an ancestral relationship to specimens 

from the upper part of the Olcese Sand that are identified as lJ/. dille'ri (Anderson and Martin). The principal differences between the two are the more strongly 

split primary ribs and the development of three riblets 

in the interspaces of lJ!. dilleri. These characteristics 

are best shown by frag1nentary specimens from UCMP 

locality B1622. 

JJI ediargo vancouverensi8 (Clark and Arnold, 1923) 

is very similar to 11/. 1nathe~osoni, as noted in the original description. The principal difference between the 

two species is the absence of varices on the whorls of 

the spire of 111. vancmtverensis, although the body 

whorl has a strong varix behind the aperturallip and 

a faint one on the opposite side. Possibly this is a 

variable characteristic, but as it stands there are insufficient specimens of ill. vancmwe'rensis to bear this out. 

Accordingly, it is doubtfully included as a synomyn of 

JJI. 1nathewsoni. 

Distribution and stratigraphic occurrence: Upper Oligocene: 

Blakeley Formation of 'Veaver (1912), Puget Sound, Washington (Tegland, 1933). Lower Miocene ( 'l) : Sooke Formation, Vancouver Island, British Columbia (Clark and Arnold, 1923) ; San 

Ramon Sandstone, Contra Costa County, California (Clark, 

1918). Middle Miocene: Temblor ]!'ormation, Griswold Hills, 

Vallecitos area, California (Schenck and Keen, 1940, cf.). 

Range: Upper Oligocene to lower Miocene and possibly middle 

l\Iiocene. 

Localities: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS 6638 cf., M1591; 

UC)lP B1665. 

Family FICIDAE 

Genus FICUS Roding, 1798 

Type (by tautonymy) : Brulla ficus Gmelin (originally cited in synonymy of F. va1·iegata Roding and F. 

con11nunis Roding) . Recent, western Pacific. 

Subgenus TROPHOSYCON Cooper, 1894 

Type (by monotypy): Agas01na~ (Trophosycon) 

ke'rnianun1 Cooper. l\1:iocene, !Cern River area, California. 

Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana (Cooper) 

Plate 6, figures 14, 16; plate 7, figures 3-5, 8, 14, 17 

Unnamed molds, Conrad, 1857, U.S. 33d Gong., 2d sess, Senate 

Ex. Doc. 78, app. art. 2, pl. 7, figs. 64, 64a, 65, 65a [not 

figs. 72, 72a (Sycotopus ocoyanus Conrad)]. 

Picus no(Uterus Gabb, 1866, Geol. Survey California, Paleontology, v. 2, p. 48, pl. 14, fig. 5. [Not Pyrula nodifera Binkhorst, 1861, Mon. Gast. Ceph. Craie Sup. Limbourg, p. 67, 

pl. 3, fig. 11 (Stewart, 1927, p. 343) ] . 

Trophosycon no(lifcr1tm ( Gabb), English, 1914, California Univ., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 10, p. 247-248, pl. 25, figs. 

2, 4. 

Agasoma'l (Trophosycon) kernian1tm Cooper, 1894, California 

Mining Bur. Bull. 4, p. 53-54, pl. 3, fig. 52 [not pl. 5, fig. 

63 as stated in plate explanation]. 
74 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

A.gasoma lce1·nianum Cooper, Anderson, 1905, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. lSS. 

Arnold, 190S, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 34, pl. 34, fig. 2. · 

Branner, Newsom, and Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. 

Atlas, Santa Cruz Folio 163, p. 4, illus. sheet 2, fig. 40. 

Anderson, 1911, Calif. Acad. Science Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, p. 

100, 101. . 

McLaughlin and 'Varing, 1914, California Mining Bur. Bull. 

69, map folio (separate), fig. 30. 

'Prophosycon kcrnianum Cooper, English, 1914, California Univ., 

Dept. Geology Bull., v. S, no. 10, p. 24S-249, pl. 24, figs. 

4-6. 

Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 11S, 

p. 174, fig. 63-21. 

F-icus kcrnianus (Cooper), Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 43. 

A.gasoma stanfonlensis Arnold, 190S, U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc., v. 

34, p. 3S4-3S5, pl. 35, fig. 5. 

Branner, Newsom, and Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Geol. 

Atlas, Santa Cruz Folio 163, p. 6, illus. sheet 2, fig. 54. 

T1·ophosycon stantordcnse (Arnold), English, 1914, California 

Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. S, no. 10, p. 249-250, pl. 24, 

figs. 2, 3. 

F1cus (Trophosycon) oregonensis (Conrad), Stewart, 1927, Acad. 

Nat. Sci. Philadelphia Proc., v. 7S, p. 373-375 [in part], 

pl. 31, figs. S, Sa. 

Ficus (Trophosycon) ocoyanus (Conrad), Clark, 1929, Statiggraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, pl. 27, fig. 4. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 251, pl. 4S, fig. 13. 

Ficus ( Trophosycon) ocoyana (Conrad), Grant and Gale, 1931, 

San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, p. 743-746, pl. 30, 

figs. 3, Sa, b, 11. 

Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 2S, 

no. 13, p. 391, pl. lS, figs. 7, 9, 10, 13. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego .soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 37. 

Trophosycon ocoyana (Conrad), Schenck and Keen, 1940, California fossils for the field geologist, p. 70, pl. 35, fig. 4. 

Trophosycon ocoyamtm (Conrad), Shimer and Shrock, 1944, 

Index fossils of North America, p. 500, pl. 205, figs. 9-11. 

T1·ophosycon cf. T. ocoyanttm (Conrad), Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 33, pl. 3, figs. 14-16. 

F1cus (Trophosycon) ocoyana (Conrad) var. contignata Grant 

and Gaie, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, 

p. 749, pl. 29, figs. la, b; pl. 30, figs. 1, 2, 4, 9a, b. 

Ficus ( Trophosycon) ocoyana (Conrad) var. ruginodosa Grant 

and Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, 

p. 746, 74S, pl. 29, figs. 2, 2a; pl: 30, figs. 5, lOa, b. 

F1mts ( Trophosycon) ocoyana (Conrad) cf. clallamensis Weaver, 

Grant, and Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., 

v. 1,' pl. 30, fig. 7. 

?Ficus (Trophosycon) clallamensis Weaver var. nodibulbosa 

Grant and Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., 

v. 1, p. 751, pl. 30, figs. 6, 6a. 

Type: Probably destroyed in San Francisco Fire of 1906 (Keen 

and Bentson, 1944, p. 126). 

Type locality: Kern County, presumably from upper part of 

Olcese Sand in vicinity of Barker's Ranch. 

N eo type (here designated) : California A cad. Sci. 5717, figured 

by Hanna and Hertlein ( 1943, fig. 63-21) . 

Neotype locality: CAS loc. 64, in small gulch about 114 miles 

northeast of Barker's Ranchhouse. ·. 

Type of Ficus nodife1'1tS Gabb: Harvard Univ. Mus. Comp. 

Zoology, 27S24. 

Type locaUty: Uncertain, either Temblor Formation, "the 

::\liocene at Griswold's between San .Juan and New Idria" [Griswold Hills], San Benito County, or from the Pliocene at San 

lf'ernando Pass, Los Angeles County. Stewart (1927, p. 374) 

reasoned that the neotype was from the Temblor Formation because the specimen which Gabb did not figure was from the Los 

Angeles County Pliocene locality on the basis of associated matrix. Grant and Gale (1931, p. 747-74S), however, presented 

equally good if not more convincing arguments that the type 

was from the San Fernando Pass area. 

Type of A.gasoma stantonlensis Arnold : Stanford Univ. paleontology type colin. 425. 

Type locality: SU C304, in ravine beside county road, 2% 

miles south of :Mayfield, Santa Clara County, Calif. Miocene 

above the basalt flow (Arnold, 190S) [middle Miocene]. 

Type of F·imts ( Trophosycon) oooyana var. contignata Grant 

and Gale: San Diego Soc. Nat. History 4. 

Type locality: Hill slope on northwest bank of Elsmere Canyon below big waterfall, SE~NW~ sec. S, T. 3 N., R. 15 ·w. Los 

Angeles County, Calif. Lower Pliocene. 

Type of F1cus ( Trophosycon) ocoyana var. rttginodosa Grant 

and Gale: San Diego Soc. Nat. History 3. 

Type locality: Elsmere Canyon, below forks and on north 

side, SW:JA,NW~ sec. S, T. 3 N., R. 15 W., Los Angeles County, 

Calif. Lower Pliocene. 

Fic~ts kerniana is one of the most abundant and 

characteristic species found in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand and the Round lV[ountain Silt. It ranges 

throughout the marine l\1iocene strata of the l(ern 

River district but occurs infrequently in the lower part 

of the Olcese Sand and the Jewett Sand. There is a 

wide range of variation in this species. At one extreme 

is a weakly noded, rounded form with only an upper 

row of nodes on the body whorl (pl. 7, fig. 14). At the 

other is an elegant, coarsely sculptured form with 

spinose nodes. Grant and Gale (1931, p. 743-751) 

synonymized several species and added two newly 

named varieties under Conrad's "Sycotop~ts" ocoyan~ts 

( 1855), a name here considered to be invalid, as will be 

sho"+:U sub~equently. Their broad basis for this species 

seems reasonable in the light of the great morphologic 

variation of specimens from localities in the upper 01-

cese Sand along the l(ern River, the same area and 

stratigraphic interval from which the type specimen of 

Fic~ts ke1·niana (Cooper) was probably obtained. 

Conrad's "Sycotop~ts" [Sycotypus] ocoyana (Conrad, 

1855, p. 19; 1857, pl. 7, figs. 72, 72a) is neither T1·ophosycon nor Fimts. The drawing of the type specimen, 

an internal cast devoid o£ shell material presumed to 

be lost, is .of a slender ,gastropod with a narrow, elongate aperture. It is probably Oliva californica Anderson, a commonly occurring species in the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand. Internal casts of 0. californica, prepared by removing the shell material from specimens 
ORDER MESOGASTROPODA 75 

collected from hn,rd sandstone, show the very close resemblance of 0. califm'11ica to the type of Sycotyznts 

ocoyana but are clearly distinct from internal casts of 

F. lce?·niana. Conrad ( 1857) did figure the characteristic 

noded internal molds of Ficus (T?'ophosycon) (pl. 7, 

.figs. 64, 6t.l:a, 65, 65a) but these were unnamed and presumably were considered different from his Sycotyznts 

ocoyana. In naming AgasO?na ~ lcern,ianlu?n, Cooper 

stated (1894, p. 54) "Figs. 72 and 72a, which he [Conrad] nn,med 'Syctoznls ocoyan?.ts,' may represent a cast 

of young shell, but it is too uncertain a name to be 

retained." 

The nomenclatural history of this species is long and 

complicated. 'I'his species was generally known as Fic1.ts 

( 'P'J'O]Jhosycon) lce?·niana from the time of · Cooper's 

original description until about 1930, when Clark 

(1929) and Grant and Gale (1931) resurrected Conrad's species, F. ocoyana. Grant and Gale (1931, p. 745-

746), apparently not noting the long narrow aperture 

suggested by Conrad's drawing of Sycotyp?.tS o.coyan?.ts, 

believed that the figure could be satisfactorily recognized as Fic?.ts ( T?'OJJhosycon) on the basis of the incurved columella and double angulations of the body 

whorl suggested by the internal mold. By a· process of 

elimination, they reasoned that Conrad's species must 

be a valid prior name for F. ke?·nlana and; with some 

reluctance, concluded that F. lcerniana should be placed 

in the synonyrriy of F. ocoyana. 

Somewhat earlier Stewart ( 1927, p. 373-375) placed 

Fic?.tS lce?·niana, F. nodije?·a, and F. stanfO?'densis in 

the synonymy of F. ('P?'OJJhosycon) oregonensis (Conrad, 1848, p. 433) in the belief that the type figure of 

Conrad's "F?.tsus" O'Pegonensis was a Ficus and was 

conspecific with the California species, a ·notion originated by Dall (1909, p. 75). Apparently~ J:Iowe (1926, 

p. 304) first recognized that "F?.tS?.ts" O?'egonensis Conrad was not a Ficus-like species and placed the species 

in Agasoma. La~er workers in the Tertiary of Oregon 

and 'Vashington have placed this species in Bntela?'lcia. 

'!''he only documentation of Conrad's species .is a poor 

line drawing (reprinted in Dall, 1909, p. 150, fig. 13) 

of a form that looks somewhat similar to F. ke?'niana 

but, because of the apparent sutural collar, seems better 

referred to 13?'uclm,lcia. Stewart (1927, p. 374) indicated that should the California species prove to be 

different from "F." m·egonensis, Gabb's (1866, p. 48) 

F. nodifeTa would be the name applicable to it. However, this species name is preoccupied under Ficus by 

Py?'ula nodije?'a Binkhorst. This fact leaves Ficus 

1ce?·niana Cooper as the next a vail able name. 

The large Pliocene varieties described by Grant and 

Gale ( 1931) as Fimts ocoyana var. ?'ttginodosa and F. 

ocoyana var. contignata are more strongly sculptured 

than some of the specimens of F. lcerniana from the 

Olcese Sand. Yet their status as forms of F. ke1-niana 

seems to be confirmed by the occurrence of comparably 

spinose or strongly nodose specimens in collections 

from the l(ern R.iver district. The type of F. ocoyana 

var. ?'uginodosa characterized by three strong spiral 

ribs near the lmYer angulation on the body whorl appears to be the more distinct of the two varieties. It 

is not clearly represented in material collected from the 

upper Olcese Sand, but some early ~1iocene specimens 

from Pyramid Hill havestrong primary spirals on the 

lower part of the body whorl similar to the Pliocene 

for:m. There are, however, many specimens from the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand with doubly nodose 

angulations and a few specimens with three rows of 

nodes on the lower angulation. Although smaller than 

the type of F. ke1·niana var. contignata, these individuals are almost as· strongly nodose. 

The bulbous northern species Ficus clallamensis 

V\Teaver (1912, p. 74, pl. 9, fig. 73) from the middle 

~1iocene Clallam Formation of the northern Olympic 

Peninsula, 'Vash., is represented by an internal mold 

that bears some resemblance to F. km·niana according 

to Grant and Gale (1931, p. 750). However, the extreme breadth of the upper part of the body whorl 

and the weak, vertically elongate nodes restricted to · 

the upper angulation of the body whorl suggest that 

this might be a different species. 

Grant and Gale's 'P1'ophosycon clallanMnsis nodib?.tlosa (1931, p. 751, pl. 30, fig. 6a, 6b) differs from 

Ficus kerniana by having a straight, relatively noncurved columella and uniform fine spiral sculpture. 

The lower set of nodes seems to occur at ·a much lower 

position than on specimens of F. ke1-niana from the 

!Cern R.iver area. It may be the same as F. rodeoensis 

English (1914, p. 246-247, pl. 24, fig. 1) according to 

Grant at1d Gale (1931). 

Several forms of F. kmY1-iana could be recognized in 

the stratigraphic interval encompassing the type locality on the basis of strength and numbers of nodes bn 

the body whorl. Other characters, such as curvature of 

the columella, height of the ·spire, and regular development of primary through quaternary spiral ribs are 

rairly uniform. The n1ost weakly sculptured specimens 

carry a single row of pointed nodes on the upper angulation aiid none on the indistinct lower angulation, at 

least on the last half-revolution of the whorl (pl. 7, 

fig. 14). The opposite extreme is a strongly noded form. 

with tw·o rows of nodes on the upper angulation ·and 

three on the lower. This form is comparable to Grant 
76 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

and Gale's var. contignata (1931). The most common 

form is one with a single row of nodes on the upper 

angulation and a double row on the lower. Lower Miocene specimens from the basal part of the Jewett Sand 

at Pyramid Hill attain a much larger adult size (as 

much as 90 mm), have stronger primary spirals, and 

are less strongly nodose than middle :Miocene specimens. They are simila.r to Grant and Gale's var. ?'~tginodosa (1931, p. 746, 748). ~1oore's large specimen of 

Trophosycon cf. T. ocoyanum from the Astoria Formation of coastal Oregon (1963, pl. 3, fig. 15) closely resembles some of the large forms from Pyramid Bill. 

Distribution and st1·atigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation-Santa Cruz Mountains (Arnold, 1906, 

1908), northern and southern Santa Lucia Range · (Loel and 

Corey, 1932), Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1941; Repenning and Vedder, 1961), western Santa Ynez Range, Ventura 

Basin, Channel Islands, western Santa Monica Mountains (Loel 

and Corey, 1932). Middle Miocene: "Monterey Formation," 

northern Olympic Peninsula (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) ; 

Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon (l\Ioore, 1963), Sobrante 

Sandstone, Contra 'Cos'ta County, California (l;.utz, 1951) ; 

:Monterey Shale-western· Napa County (Weaver, 1949) , type 

area near Monterey (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913), Caliente 

Range (Repenning and Vedder, 1961) ; Monterey Formation, 

Nipomo quadrangle, San Luis Obispo County (Hall and Corbato, 1967) ; unnamed sandstone of Dibblee (1966b), Stanford 

University lands (SU loc. SLAC 85-10) ; Temblor FormationVallecitos area (Schenck and Keen, 1940), Cantua Creek (Anderson, 1908), Coalinga district (Arnold, 1909; Woodring and 

others, 1940), Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946), La Panza Range 

(Anderson and 1\Iartin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932), Caliente 

Range (Eaton and others, 1941) ; unnamed middle Miocene 

formation, Caliente Range (Dougherty, 1940) ; Twisselmann 

Sandstone l\lember of the Monterey Formation of Heikkila and 

MacLeod (1951), northern Temblor Range: "Vaqueros" Formation of Hoots (1930), Tejon Hills (Addicott, 1965a); Topanga 

Formation-Santa Mountains (Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, cf.), 

San Joaquin Hills (Loel and Corey, 1932), Santa Ana Mountains (English, 1926, cf.; Loel and Corey, 1932). Upper Miocene: 

Reef Ridge Shale, Kettleman Hills oil field (Barbat and Johnson, 1934) ; Santa Margarita Formation, Fruitvale oil field 

(Gale in Preston, 1931); Castaic Formation of Crowell (1955), 

eastern Ventura basin (Stanton, 1966, 1967) ; l\Iodelo Formation, Ventura County (Hudson and Craig, 1928). Pliocene: 

Jacalitos Formation, Coalinga area (Nomland, 1917b) ; Pico 

Formation, eastern Ventura IJasin (Kew, 1924; Grant and Gale, 

1931) ; San Diego Formation, San Diego area (Grant and Gale, 

1931). 

Range: Lower Miocene to Pliocene. 

Localities: Je·wett Sand, USGS 6638, l\f1591, l\!1592; UCl\IP 

B1660, B1665, B1668. Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\!1593, 

l\11594; UCl\1P B1646. l\Iiddle part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\!1698. 

Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890, l\f1597, l\!1598, l\11601, 

:\11602, l\11698 ; UCl\IP B1586, B1587, ·B1693, B1694, B1596-B1599, 

B1601, B1614, B1616, B1621-B1624, B1641, B1753. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 6064, 6065, 6068, 6611, 6613, 6621-6623, 

6625, 6641, 18724, ~11604, cf. l\11606, l\11608, l\11609, ?l\11611, 

l\11612, l\Il613, l\11696; UC:\1P B1611, B1618, B1619, B1633, 

B1637, B1638, B1678. 

Order NEOGASTROPODA 

Family MURICIDAE 

Genus CERATOSTOMA Herrman~nn, 1846 

Type (by monotypy) : 1llurex ( Oerostoma) 1mttalli 

Conrad, 1837. Holocene, central California to ~1agdalena Bay, Baja California. 

Ceratostoma 1 a:ff. C. perponderosum (Dall) 

Plate 7, figure 19 

A single worn spec.imen of a large, thick-shelled 

muricid "·ith three massiYe Yarices per whorl has been 

collected from the basal part of the Jewett Sand at 

Pyramid Hill. The Yarices are bordered anteriorly by 

a strongly incised wayy line. Although the body whorl 

is worn nearly smooth, areas of ,-ery faint broad spiral 

ribbing are presen·ed posterior to the Yarices. The 

large aperture is nearly one-half the length of the shell. 

The anterior canal is apparently short and nearly 

closed. 

Although this large gastropod seems to be a Oeratostoma because of the large aperture and apparently 

anterior canal, it is here tentatiYely referred to the 

genus because the anterior part of the outer apertural 

lip is missing. It is represented by an abraded incomplete specimen from the basal part of the Jewett Sand 

at Pyramid Hill. The rounded Yarices may have originally been strongly produced or bladelike. The irregular segments of the inc.ised lines boardering the 

yarices anteriorly on the body whorl suggest that the 

surface originally had moderately deYeloped spiral ribbing. · 

OeJ•atostoma perponderoswn (Dall, 1909, p. 46, pl. 

2, figs. 2, 5) from the Empire Formation in southwestern Oregon seems to be closely allied to this species. 

Dalrs type is a n1uch more abraded specimen with 

perhaps stronger spiral ribbing and more massiYe 

,-arices that are continuous from the body whorl onto 

the spire. Howe ( 1922, p. 93) suggested that Dall's 

species might be a synonym of the Holocene 0. foliatum ( Gmelin) . Although the specimen is from an unspecified locality in the Empire Formation, the extensi Yely abraded condition of the holotype is consistent 

with the reworked fossiliferous material in the Coos 

Conglomerate, a conglomerate within the Empire Formation. In this regard it is noteworthy that early or 

middle l\Iiocene mollusks haYe been dredged from the 

ship's channel near the type section of the Empire 

Formation (l\Io01·e, 1963, p. 13-14) and more recently 

found in nearby exposures stratigraphically below the 

Empire Formation (Baldwin, 1966). There would 

therefore seem to be a definite possibility that 0. perpondeJ·osum might haYe been -reworked from l\1iocene 

strata into the Coos Conglomerate, as ''ere the Pliocene 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 77 

mollusks from the overlying basal part of the Empire 

Formation. 

Oe'ratostoma ~ a:ff. 0. perponderosum has several 

morphological characters in common with the Holocene 

0. n~tttalli (Conrad) and 0. foliat~I/Jn (Gmelin). Features such as thick varices, large aperture, and weak 

spiral sculpture accentuated on the posterior side of 

the varices suggest a closer relationship with 0. nuttalli. It differs from the I-Iolocene species, however, by 

lacking prominent nodes between the varices on the 

body whorl. There does appear to be, however, a faint 

swelling between t"·o vn.rices on the body whorl of the 

poorly prese1Ted early l\iiocene species. The basal part 

of the varices of 0. foliaflwJn is much thinner than on 

0? afl'. 0. 1Je?''1Jonde?·os~t'ln. l\ioreover, the aperture is 

much shorter, only about one-third the length of the 

shell, n.nd the spiral sculpture is strong. 

If properly classified as Oe1·atostmna, this species is 

the earliest known occurrence of the genus .. The first 

definite occurrence of the genus is in the middle Miocene Oursan Sandstone of central California (Hall, 

1959, p. 428, 433). The middle l\fiocene record is based 

on 0. delo1·ae I-Iall ( 1958, p. 57, pl. 10, figs. 1-3), a 

species that has very strong spiral sculpture and which 

has been assigned to an unnamed taxonomic group of 

subgeneric rank typified by 0. foliat~t?n (Hall, 1959, 

p. 428). Oe1··atostoma? aff. 0. 1Je1'1Jonde'l·osu?n seems to 

be referable to a second group characterized by 0. nuttallci. As such, it mn.y represent a n1uch earlier origin 

for this group than suggested by the previously known 

Pleistocene to I-Iolocene range. 

Occttr·rcncc: Busn.l part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. M1591. 

Genus FORRERIA Jousseaume, 1880 

Type (by original designation) : lJ!ttTex belcl~eri 

I-Iinds. :Holocene, Point l\iugu, Ventura County, Calif., 

to Scammon's Lagoon, Baja California. 

Forreria cancellaroides Arnold 

Plate 7, figures 6, 7, 10 

~Pr01>hon (Forrcda.) gabhianum, F. M. Anderson, Arnold, 1909, 

lcwoiclcs Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, p. 60, 

pl. 6, fig. 5. 

Arnold ·and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull 398, 

pl. 28, fig. 5. 

'l'rophon (FC1'TC·r£a,) gabb·ianurn, F. M. Anderson, Arnold, 1909, 

U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, pl. 5, fig. 5. 

Arnold and Anderson, 19!'0, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 27' fig. 5. 

'1.'1'01>hon (.li'on·e·ria) (1(1,7J1Jian1tS Anderson, Clarl\:, 1929, Stratigraphy nnd fnunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of Californin, pl. 29, fig. 18. 

7't01)h0n (Ji'o·rrc·ria.) oabbian1t1n Anderson, Loel and Corey, 1932, 

Californin. Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

7'Y1W: U.S. Natl. Mus. 165605. 

373-855 o-7o-6 

Type locality: "Reef Beds" in NWl4 sec. 23, T. 25 S., R. 19 E., 

Kern County, Calif. (Escudo Formation of Vancouvering and 

Allen, 1943), middle Miocene. 

This rather small F O?'re?ia has been incorrectly 

identified by most workers since Arnold (1909, pl. 5, 

fig. 5) figured it as F. gabbiana Anderson. Anderson's 

species is an 0 cenebTa rather than a F orre1ia, although 

there is a superficial resemblance bet,veen the two. 

Accordingly, the first available name for the spirally 

sculptured middle Miocene F orr'eria is F. cancellaToides, a name originally applied to a spinose form 

from vVagon 'Vheel l\iountain on 'the west side of the 

San Joaquin Valley (Arnold, 1909, p. 60, pl. 6, fig. 5). 

The typical, less spinose form was also listed from this 

locality by Arnold (1909, p. 18). 

Several specimens of F orreria cancellaroides are in 

the collections from the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

and the 10\Yest part of the Round Mountain Silt. They 

indicate a considerable variation in sutural pattern, 

inclination of the subsutural slope of the body whorl, 

strength of basal furrow, and strength of spiral sculpture. Most specimens have a clasping sut~re, tabulate 

body whorl, and weak spiral sculpture. On ~ome there 

is a \Yeak spiral furrow below the primary furrow at 

the basal angulation of the body whorl. Spiral sculpture includes closely spaced alternating primary ana 

secondary ribs discernible between the axial ribs on 

specimens. The furrow at the basal angulation of the 

body whorl is poorly developed on some of the smaller 

specimens, on others it appears to weaken posteriorly. 

This fact suggests that this character might not be 

developed on immature specimens. Even so, it can be 

distinguished from immature T1·ophon kernensis 

mA3dialis n. subsp. by its much shorter, more strongly 

recurvecl anterior canal. 

The following distributional list has not been verified by examination of specimens other than those of 

Arnold (1909) and Arnold and Anderson (1910). Presumably these occurrences refer to Arnold's specimen 

rather than "T1·ophon" gabbiana Anderson (1905) because of classification of many as Fm·reria. 

Distrib1ttion and stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Painted Rock Sandstone Member of the Vaqueros Formation of 

Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958) Caliente Range, San Luis 

Obispo County (J. G. Vedder, unpub. data, 1967). Middle Miocene: 

Monterey Shale, western Napa county (Weaver, 1949) ; "Vaqueros Formation"- Anticline Ridge and Devil's Den area 

(Arnold, 1909; Arnold and Anderson, 1910) ; Temblor Formation-Coalinga area and Reef Ridge (Adegol{e, 1967), Caliente 

Range (Eaton and others, 1941) ; Topanga Formation, Santa 

Monica Mountains ( Susuld, 1951, cf.). ·. 

Ran{Jc: Lower l\iiocei1e to middle Miocene. 

Localit-ies: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597. Lower 

part of Round ~fountain Silt, UCMP B1612. 
78 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Forreria emersoni Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 7, figures 9, 12, 13, 16 

Shell small and slender for genus. Spire short, apex 

defective. Penultimate whorl of spire ornamented ,\rith 

eight to nine broad axial ribs and a "·eak spiral rib 

near the middle of the whorl. Suture impressed, wavy. 

Poorly defined angulation near posterior one-quarter 

line of body whorl. Surface sculptured by faint spiral 

ribs, irregularly spaced axial ribs that are strongest at 

angulation, and two varices. Basal angulation set off 

by incised furrow that terminates in a tooth at apertural lip. Aperture elliptical, outer lip thickened. Anterior canal short, slightly twisted to left. Siphonal 

fasciole well developed. 

Height (nearly complete) 29 mm, width 22.2 mm. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650118. 

Type local,ity: USGS l\11591, on north side of westwardtrending gully on southwest ftank of Pyramid Hill in N\V~ 

SW~ sec. 14, T. 28 S., R 29 E. Basal part of Jewett Sand, 

lower Miocene. 

Fo?"'reria enwrsoni from the Jewett Sand and F. cancellw·oides from the lower Miocene of the Caliente 

R,ange, southeastern San Luis Obispo County, are the 

earliest known occurrences of the genus in the Tertiary 

of the Pacific coast of North America. F. mnenoni is 

much smaller, more slender, and less strongly shouldered than later species of this genus. It differs from 

the early to middle ~!iocene species F. cancella1·oides 

by having very weak, randomly spaced axial plicae on, 

the body whorl, a narrow body whorl, and very faint 

spiral sculpture. 

This species is extremely variable. Some specimens 

have a fairly strong angulation and prominent axial 

ribs on the body whorl. On others the body whorl is 

well rounded and almost smooth. 

Abraded or poorly preserved specimens on which the 

basal furrow is obscure rather closely resemble the Pliocene species Thais etchegoinensis Arnold from the 

l(ettleman Hills area and the smooth Pleistocene and 

Holocene form of Thais lamellosa ( Gmelin) . However, 

the axial sculpture of the early whorls of Forreria emersoni is usually sufficiently well preserved to permit 

differentiation. 

Stewart ( 1946, p. 100) lists an undescribed species of 

Forreria from the upper member of the Temblor Formation at Reef Ridge. The specimen has not been examined by the writer. 

Occ?trrcncc: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\11591; 

UCMP locs B1665, B1668. 

Genus OCENEBRA Gray, 1847 

Type (by original designation) : ll!ttrex erinace1~;s 

Linne, Holocene, Mediterranean. 

Ocenebra wilkesana (Anderson) 

Plate 7, figure 15; plate 8, figure 11 

Fitsus (Hcm,ifu,su8) wilkesana Anderson, 1905, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 3, Y. 2, p. 205, pl. 16, figs. 81, 82. 

'!Ghicorc?t8 (llhtTithais) wilkcsmws (Anderson), Grant and 

Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 1\rem., v. 1, p. 730, 

pl. 32, fig. 12. 

Hemif1t8tt8 1vilkesamt8 Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., 

Dept. Geol. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

Ocinebra, topangcnsis Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, 

p. 18, 124, pl. 9, fig. 4. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 31, fig. 4. 

?Purpura cf. topangensis (Arnold) (n. var. ?) , Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Pub. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 27, 

no. 3, p. 247, pl. 48, figs. 5, 6 [not ftg. 4]. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 75. 

Type locality: Reef beds 9 miles north of Coalinga according 

to label with holotype. (See Anderson, 1908, p. 19.) Anderson 

( 1905, p. 205) cited the "Temblor Beds" at Krey(mhagen oil 

wells southeast of Coalinga as the type locality but did not include this species in a subsequent list of fossils from that area 

(Anderson, 1908, p. 25). 

Oceneb1•a ~oillcesana (Anderson) has not been reported previously fron~ the l(ern River area, specimens 

possibly having been referred to "Thais" t1·ophonoides 

Anderson and ~{artin. This species is distinguished 

from 0. trophonoides by its sharply angulated, spinose 

whorls. The angulation appears at a much earlier stage 

of growth than the weak angulation that is developed 

on some of the larger specimens of 0. t?·ophonoides. 

A smalllo,ver ~!iocene specimen from the basal conglomerate of the Jewett Sand (pl. 8, figs. 1, 2) is doubtfully identified as this species. It has a fairly strong 

angulation on the body 'vhorl, but its axial ribs become 

indistinct on the final quarter turn of the body whorl. 

Grant and Gale (1931, pl. 32, fig. 12) figured a specimen as 0 hicoretts ( lJf twithais) ~oilkesan~~;s (Anderson) 

from a well core of the upper Miocene Santa Margarita Formation near Fruitvale oil field west of Bakersfield. In some respects this specimen is similar to 0 cenebTa toilkesana, but it has an entirely different spire 

and may represent an unnamed' species. The apical angle of their specinien is relatively broad, and the short 

spire is nearly devoid of the coarse axial plicae characteristic of 0. ~oilkesana. This specimen is doubtfully 

referred to 0. ~oilkesana. 

The relationship to OcenebPa topangensis Arnold is 

not as clear. A small specimen from the Temblor Formation north of Coalinga figured by Arnold (1909, pl. 

9, fig. 4) as 0. topangensis is referred to 0. ~oilkesana. 

Arnold ( 1909) recognized that these species were very 

closely related. Yet the type of 0. topangensis frmn the 

Topanga Formation in the Santa Monica Mountains 

seems to be separable from 0. ~oillcesana on the basis of 

the strongly tabulate area above the angulation on the 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 79 

body "·horl nnd the frill-like Yarices. The last character 

is not reliable when working with "·orn fossil specimens. 

Loel nncl Corey's obsen·ation (1932, p. 247) that 

many specimens of 0. to1Jangensis from the type locality show no marked nodes, frills, or angulation of 

the "·horl suggests that either two species are present 

or there :is only one extremely Yariable species. In the 

c\·ent of the latter, the species ''"ould take the name 

0. ·wilke;wn((. ~\s sneh, the frilled form could take the 

jnfrnsnhspeeific name 0. ·willt:esana forma to1Jangensis. 

En1luntion of the relu6onship of forms of 0. to1Jangen'ii8 to 0. H·ill.·e.<;ana should take into account collections :from the type locality of 0. topangensis in the 

Santa ~Ionira :Mountains. Because such material is not 

at hand and beennse these species can be satisfactorily 

<liscriminatecl in collections from the !Cern River :Miocene, two species are recognized in this report. Grant 

and Gale (10iH, p. 7:.W) concluded that 0. to1Jangensis 

was either a synonym of 1.vilkesana or very closely related to that". species; Arnold (1909, p. 19) first suggested that these species might be synonymous. 

OcenebJ'Ct edmondi (Aronld, 1907, p. 530, pl. 40, fig. 

B:3a) from the Topanga Formation of the Santa ~1onica l\Iountains differs from 0. 'l.villcesana by having less 

strongly .impressed sutures on the spire, which produces a relat.i,·ely smooth, conical outline. The axial 

scupture of the spire is ''"eaker than in 0. 1vilkesana, 

there being only nodes at the angulation rather than 

strong ribs that nrc continuous from suture to suture. 

DiM1·ibution a1Hl .<;f1·atigra1Jhlo occ~wrcnce: Middle Miocene: 

U1111nmNl ::\Iiocene formation, Panoche Hills ('Voodring in 

~temu.'t nnd othen;, 1044, cf.) ; Temblor Formation-Cantua 

UrP<'l;:, FrP!-;nO County (Anderson, lOOG), Coalinga District (Loel 

nnd Con'y, lOB::!; AclPg-OkP, lOGi), Reef Ridge (Anderson, 1908; 

Ste\\'nrt, 1H4G, cf.; Adt-goke, lOGi) ; Topanga Formation, Santa 

:i\Iouicn :\[ouutnim; ( '!) (Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Saltos Shale 

~[pmiH'I.' oi: the ~Iontt~rey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(l!)fig), Caliente Rang-e (.T. G. Vedder, written commun., DeC<'IllhPr l!)Gi). Utlller ::\liocene: Santa ::\Iargarita Formation, 

l!'ruitmle oil field (Gale in Preston, 1931; Grant and Gale, 

1032). . 

Jl.an {JC: Lower ::\liocPne ( ? ) to upper ~liocene. 

J~ocalitie8: Basalrmrt of Jewett Sand, USGS ~11591 cf. Upper 

pnrt of Ol<:ese Sand, USGS :\I1G90, ~i1601; UC:MP B1596 cf., 

BlGHi, IUGOH, B1G21. 

Ocenebra gabbiana (Anderson) 

Plate 7, figures 1, 2 

~l'ro]Jhon r1a1J1Jiana Anderson, 190G, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

HN. :3, v. 2, p. 20:3, pl. lG, figs. i9, 80. 

'l'ro]Jlwn rJa1Jl!ian118 Andprson, Anderson and ~Iartin, 1914, Califonlin Acnd. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 81, pl. 5, fig. 1. 

O·riginal de8m'i]Jtion.-Shell not large, laminate,' 

spinose on angles; canal. short, recurved; .spire high, 

sloping above; body whorl tapering below. The mouth 

narrows regularly tmYard the canal. a'he spines are 

often considerably suppressed on the: angles, and on 

the lmYer part of the last whorl there are numerous 

spiral lines. 

Ty7Jc: California Acad. Sci. 80. 

Tyzw local·ity: Coalinga Beds [Temblor Formation, middle 

~liocene] of ~lount Diablo Range, 9 miles north of Coalinga, 

Calif., in tl~e S% sec. 20, T. 19 S., R 15 E. (Keen and Bentson, 

1944, p. 205) . 

A single well-presen·ed specimen of Ocenebra gabbiana (pl. 7, figs. 1, 2) compares very closely with Anclerson~s holotype. Both have a long, i·elatively straight 

subsutural slope terminating in a row of coarse nodes 

in the anterior half of the penultimate whorl. There 

are a few faint spiral ribs below the spinose angulation on the body whorl. The !Cern River spechnen is 

more deeply umbilicate than the holotype. The acute 

angle described by the siphonal fasciole and the columella is also greater on the specimen fr01n the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand. 

Ocenebnt gabMana has been confused with a small 

early to middle Fm·reria characterized by fine spiral 

sculpture and a ''"ell-defined spiral furrow on the lower 

part of the body ''"horl. The mistaken identifications 

stem from Arnold's excellent figure (1909, pl. 5, fig. 5), 

which, because of its superiority over the line drawing 

of the holotype of 1'Tophon gabbiwut (Anderson, 1905, 

pl. 16, figs. 79, 80), apparently became the standard of 

reference for this species. The incorrectly identified 

species is here included under F oTreria cancellaroides 

Arnold. 

Distri.b?ttion ana 8t'ratigraphic occurrence: Temblor Formation, Anticline Ridge (Anderson, 1905), La Panza Range (Anderson and ::\lartin, 1914). 

Range: Lower ::\Iiocene to middle Miocene. 

Locality: 'Cpper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6624. 

Ocenebra trophonoides (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 8, figures 4, 5, 9, 10 

'l'hais tr07Jhonoiclcs Anderson and ::\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 81-82, pl. 6, figs. la, lb. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

'l.'yJJC: California Acacl. Sci. 178. 

Ty}Je locality: CAS 6G, west bank of small canyon 114 miles 

northeast of Barl~er's ranchhouse [probably same as UOMP 

B1586-near center of NW14SE% sec. 32, T .. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Oceneb'ra t?'01Jhonoides is characterized by rounded 

whorls with coarse axial folds on smaller individuals 

and a weakly angulated body whorl on larger specimens. The smaller specimens, about 30 mm or smaller, 

have strong. axial ribs, .a relatively straight anterior 

canal, and an evenly rounded whorl profile. 'Vith in-
80 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN' RIVER "AREA, CALIFORNIA 

creasing size these forms gradually develop a weak 

angulation on the upper part of the body whorl. The 

point of growth at which the change from a rounded 

to an angulate profile takes place is variable. This 

change is well illustrated by apertural and nonapertural vie,vs of a specimen from the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand (pl. 8, figs. 4, 5). 

The similar Ocenebra 1.oillcesana (Anderson), with 

which this species occurs at some localities, has a sharply ungulate, spinose whorl profile that develops at an 

early stage of growth. 

Distribution ancl stratigraphic occttrrcnce: Middle 1\Iiocene: 

l\'lonterey Shale-western Napa County and Contra Costa County (Weaver, 1949) ; Temulor Formation-Reef Ridge (Stewart, 

1946, cf.), La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932); Saltos 

Shale l\femuer of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (.J. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica ::\fountains 

(Loel and Corey, 1932; Grant in Soper, 1938; Susuki, 1951), 

San .Joaquin Hills (J. G. Vedder, written commun., December 

1967). 

Range: Lower 1\Iiocene to middle Miocene. 

Lqcalitics: Basal part of .Jewett Sand, USGS ::\11591. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\f1598-:\f1GOO, l\'11602; UC:MP B1597, 

B1599, B1622, B1628. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

UC:i\1P B1612. 

Ocenebra milicentana (Loel and Corey) 

Plate 8, figures 18, 19 

Pttrpwra milicentanct Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., 

Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 246, pl. 48, figs. 7a, b, 

Sa, b. 

Type: California Univ. :\Ius. Paleontology 31886. 

Type locality: UC:\fP 6128, west side of Plano Trabuco, Santa 

Ana :!\fountains, Orange County, Calif. Near the top of Vaqueros 

Formation, lower 1\Iiocene. 

OcenebTa ndlicentana is represented by three specimens frmn the basal conglomerate of the Jewett Sand. 

The alternating strong and weak axial ribs of the body 

whorl are unique among Miocene muricids of the Kern 

River area. Axial ribs of the spire are of approximately 

equal strength. Spiral ribs are present on the body 

whorl below the subsutural angulation but are badly 

worn. 

This species is broader than the somewhat similar 

Ocenebra topangensis Arnold, with which it has been 

compared by Loel and Corey (1932, p. 247). In addition to the axial plicae of alternating strength on the 

body whorl, 0. 1nilicentana has a tabulate area at the 

to_p of the body whorl and lacks the well-developed 

spiral sculpture of the other species. 

Distribution ancl 8tratigraphic oecttrrence: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation-Santa Ana Mountains and San Joaquin 

Hills (Loel and Corey, 1932). 

Range: Lower Miocene 

Locality: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS M:1591. 

Ocenebra clarki Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 8, figures 6-8 

Of medium size, slender, light-orangish brown. Penultimate whorl sculptured by nine rounded spiral 

cords of about equal strength that are crossed by seven 

rounded axial ribs separated by "·ide interspaces. Sutures appressed, waYy, not clearly defined. Body whorl 

large, rounded, sculptured by about 30 spiral cords 

that are n1inutely imbricated by Yery fine axial growth 

ridges and seven axial ribs that are more or less continuous up spire. Base of body whorl indistinctly angulated. Aperture oYate, outer lip thickened externally 

by strong Yarix, four denticles within. Inner lip calloused. Anterior canal open, moderately long, gently 

cun·ed to the left. Columella imperforate. 

Height (almost complete) 29.5 mm, width 15 mm. 

TmJe: California "L'niv., Los Angeles 45765. 

'l'ypc locality: UCLA AC 8-34, upper Olcese Sand, Kern River. 

Ocenebra clarki is a rather high spired, slender Inuricid represented by two specimens from the upper part 

of the Olcese Sand. This species is named in honor of 

Alex Clark, who made significant contributions to Cenozoic stratigraphic paleontology during the 1930's. The 

holotype was collected by Clark in 1934. He recognized 

it as an undescribed species, his notation on the specimen label reads "T1·itonalia n. sp. A." The precise locality of the specimen selected as the holotype is not 

known. Presumably it is the same area from which the 

second specimen was collected, which is in the immediate vicinity of Anderson and ~:fartin's CAS locality 65 

(1914). 

The two specimens upon "·hich this species is based 

show some variation in the strength of spiral and axial 

sculpture. The number of ribs, howeYer, is essentially 

the same. The more strongly sculptured specimen (pl. 

8, fig. 8) resembles a late ~:fiocene species from the 

upper part of the San Pablo Group of central California-0. dalli (Clark, 1915, p. 501, pl. 67, figs. 4, 9). 

It. can be distinguished from the younger species, 

"·hich appears to be a lineal antecedent, by the greater 

number of spiral and axial ribs and the longer, open 

anterior canal. 

An1ong the muricids of the l(ern River })fiocene, Ocenebra cla'rki 1nost closely resembles the smoothly 

rounded form of 0. t1·oplzonoides (Anderson and ~1artin, 1914). It differs from that taxon by having a 

slender, high-spired profile and a long, relatively 

straight anterior canal. 

Occttrrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCl\IP loc. B1599; 

UCLA loc. AC 8-34. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 81 

Ocenebra topangensis Arnold 

Plate 8, figure 3 

Ooi'IIC11'1'a. topan(JC11Si.q Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 32, 

p. 530, lll. 43, fig. 4. 

Eldi·iclge nnd Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 309, 

p. 232, pl. 30, fi~. 4. 

.l'1ti'JJ1/.I'a. f01WUfJC11lli8 (Amold), Loel and Corey, 1932, California Unlv., Dept. Geol. Sci., v. 22, no. 3, pl. 48, fig. 4 [not 

fig. f.i nnd G]. 

00C11C1J1·a. fOW111fJC118i8 Amold, Hnnna and Hertlein, 1943, Califonlia Dh·. Mines Bull. 118, p. 172, fig. 63-15. 

'l''I/1JO: U.S. Nntl. 1\Ius. 1G,199G. 

'l'l/1JC 1ocalif11: At hentl of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of 

CnlniJnsas, Los Angeles County, Calif. Topanga Formation, 

micltlle 1\Iiocene. 

OceneD?'a to7Jangensis is here differentiated from 0. 

'wilk·esana on the basis of a more elongate outline, a 

narrow, strongly tabulate subsutural area on the body 

whorl, and the produced, frill-like varices. These characters have not been found among specimens of 0. willi.·esana from the upper Olcese Sand. Despite these differences, it is possible that only one extremely variable 

species including 0. to1Jangensis and 0. 1vilkesana as 

end members is pr~sent. Study of specimens from the 

type locality of 0. topangensis in· the Santa l\1onica 

:Mountains led Loel and Corey (1932, p. 247) to treat 

0. topangensis as an extremely variable species. Forms 

:in both the Vaqueros nnd Topanga Formations referable to 0. willcesana were considered to be variants of 

0. tolJan,qensis by Loel and Corey. If careful study of 

specimens from the type locality of 0. topangensis 

shows an inter gradation between that species and 0. 

'l.vill.~esana, the for1ner would become a synonym of 0. 

willcesana. 

The figured specimen from the basal part of the 

Jewett Sand (pl. 8, fig. 3) compares favorably with 

Arnold's holotype, although it is much smaller. Other 

early l\1iocene occurrences of this species are doubtfully 

identified (Loel and Corey, 1932; Eaton and others, 

1941). Specimens figured as P'l.t?'pw·a cf. topangensis 

(Arnold) n. var. ~by Loel and Corey (1932, pl. 48, figs. 

5, 6) are here included with Oceneb1·a wilkes ana. 

Disf1·i1Ju.tion ana stratiom1Jh1c occn1Tcnce: Lower Miocene: 

Pninted Rock Snnclstone :\[emiJer of the Vaqueros Formation of 

Hill, Carlson, nncl DiiJIJlee (1958), Caliente Range J. G. Vedder, 

writt0n commun., DecemiJer 1967). Middle Miocene: Unnamed 

l\.fiocNte formation, Pnnoche Hills (Woodring in Stewart and 

others, 1944, cf.) ; TemiJlor Formntion-Conlingn area, La Panza 

Rnn~;e (Loel and Cot·ey, 1932) ; Topanga Formation-Santa 

l\fonicn l\Jountnins (Arnold, 1907; Eldridge nnd Arnold, 1907; 

Woodring in Hoots, 1931; Loel nnd Corey, 1932; Grant in Soper, 

1938), Snntn Ann l\Iountnins (T...oel and Corey, 1932). Upper 

l\Iiocene: Cnstnic l!"'ormntion of Crowell (1955), eastern Ventura 

Basin ( Stnnton, 1960, 1967, cf.). 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle 'Miocene. Doubtfully reported 

from upper Miocene. 

Looal·ity: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS M1591. 

Ocenebra sp. 

Plate 8, figures 20, 21 

A fragment of the body whorl of a fairly large 

OceneD?'a is in a California Academy of Science collection from the basal part of the .Jewett Sand at Pyramid 

I-Iill (CAS loc. 37 468). Enough of the shell i:. preserved 

to indicate that it is distinct frmn the other Miocene 

muricids of the ICern River area. The body whorl is 

sculptured with 18 rounded spiral cords that tend to 

alternate in size on the npper part of the whorl. The 

surface of the cords is imbricate. The profile of the 

body whorl is more or less evenly rounded. There are 

two weak varical ridges on the body whorl and a 

strong thickening adjacent to the aperture. The aperture is oval, and the rather short anterior canal is 

twisted to the right. 

Genus TROPHON Montfort, 1810 

Type (by original designation) : Llfurex magellanicus Gmelin ( =ill. geversian'l.ts Pallas). Holocene, 

Straits of ~1agellan to Chile. 

Subgenus AUSTROTROPHON Dall, 1902 

Type (by subsequent designation, Grant and Gale, 

1932) : T1·ophon ce1·rosensis Dall. Holocene, Cedros 

Island, Baja California, to Acapulco, J\1exico. 

Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis Anderson 

Plate 8, figures 12, 13, 22-27 

T·rOlJhon l.:cnwnsis Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 202, pl. 16, figs. 64, 65. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 44. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Div., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 173, 245, pl. 48, fig. 1. 

Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 173, fig. 63-17. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 

p. 37. 

Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 33-34, 

pl. 4, figs. 1, 5. 

Adclicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 

C106, fig. 4k, n. 

Trophon orogonensis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acacl. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 80-81, pl. 5, fig. 5. 

'Veaver, 1943, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 401, pl. 78, fig. 1. 

Origi·nal desm•i1Jtion.-Shell rather large, length from 

2-3 inches, width 1112 inches; graceful in outline, narrowing rapidly before; spire rather short, conical, and 

angular, but sloping above, bearing tubercules, or very 

short spines on the angles, more prominent on very 

young shells ; surface ornamented chiefly by lines of 

growth, but bearing faint spiral lines on the lower part 

of the whorl, noticeable especially in young shells; aperture pear-shaped, and narrowing to a long canal ; inner 

lip crusted ; canal long and narrow. 
82 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Ty pc: California Acad. Sci. 73. 

TJJJJC locality: In the Yicinity of Barker's Ranch [headquarters 

formerly near the center of sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Bakersfield 

quadrangle]. This and other newly descri!Jed species were collected "chiefly north of the riYer" (Anderson, 1905, p. 187). 

Type of T,rophon orcgoncnsis Anderson and Martin: California Acad. Sci. 176. 

Type locality: CAS 38, "IJeach section on. Oregon coast on south 

side of Yaquina Head, 511:! miles north of entrance to Yaqulna 

Bay, Lincoln County, Oregon" ( :\Ioore, 1963). Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. 

'Veil-preserved specimens of TTophon kerrwnsis from 

the Olcese Sand and, in particular, the Round )\fountain Silt (UC:MP loc. Bl619) have the characteristics 

of the subgenus Aust1'otrophon Dnll described by Grant 

nnd Gale ( 1932, p. 726). These are: a very long anterior 

canal, lnmel1nr varices that become spinose at the angulation of the whorls, a yellmv or light-brown shell, and 

weak spiral sculpture. Recent species of A 'ltst?·otTophon 

range from Redondo Bench, southern California, to 

Acapulco, 1\Iexico, in relatively shallow water (12-75 

fathoms, Burch, 1945, no. 51, p. 55). Specimens of T. 

ke?'lWnsis from the Round l\fountain Silt are similar to 

the living T. ce1'rosensis Dall but have a shorter, less 

acute spire and less strongly developed varices and 

spines. A ust1'ot1'oplwn is separable from Forreria, a 

genus to ·which T. k·eJ•nensis has been assigned by some 

workers, by the lack of a furrow below the basal angulation of the body whorl, an observation 1nade by l(een 

(1958a, p. 364). Some variants of the upper l\1iocene 

species F. caJ•isaensis (Anderson) , such as F. carisaensis var. ?niTanclensis Grant and Eaton (Eaton and 

others, 1941, pl. 2, fig. 8), are similar to T?·ophon kernensis but can be readily distinguished by their characteristic furrow. 

T1·ophon oregonensis Anderson and l\1artin, from 

the Astoria Formation of Oregon, was originally separated from T. ke?VJtensis on the basis of a higher spire, 

a more tabulate body whorl, and pits at the base of the 

spines (Anderson and l\Iartin, 1914, p. 81). These are 

infrasubspecific characters. l\1oore ( 1963, p. 33) noted 

that exca,·ated spines are present on many specimens of 

T. kernensis and that some specimens from near the 

type locality of T. oregonensis did not have the excavated spines. 

Ordinarily, the larger specimens of T1·ophon ke?VJWnsis have a smooth exterior with smoothly rounded 

varices and only nodose shoulders. This condition seems 

to be a result of abrasion, as most specimens have a defective apex and show other signs of wear. l\Iost specimens are relatively low spired and have a strong angulation high on the body whorl. Immature specimens 

best show the characteristic spiral ribbing below the 

angulation, pitted spines, and the long anterior canal. 

Only a few specimens retain the delicate, blade1ike 

varices of the body whorl. Similarly, the long anterior 

canal is seldom preserved in its entirety. 

There is some difficulty in distinguishing immature 

specimens of Troplwn ke7'1wnsis from some of the other 

muricids of the l(ern River l\1iocene formations. The 

strong spiral sculpture of early whorls is similar to 

that of Oceneb?'a 1.oilkesana, but on T. ke?'nensis the 

subsutural slope is strongly concave and more nearly 

approaches the horizontal. 

T?·oplwn ba?'toni Arnold ( 1909, p. 59-60, pl. 7, fig. 

3) , a closely allied species as originally noted by 

Arnold, is tentatively considered distinct from T. 

ke1·nensis on the basis of the subsutural spiral sculpture which persists on the body whorl and is reflected 

as prominent nodes on the varices. This condition has 

not been observed on any of the !(ern River specimens 

or on specimens from the Astoria Formation in Oregon. On the type ofT. ba?'toni, the body whorl appears 

to be 1nuch broader than it actually is, owing to slight 

deformation and an unusually long well-preserved 

spine at the aperture. 

TPophon · lcmVJwnsis is one of the characteristic gastropods of the upper part of the Olcese Sand and the 

Round l\founta.in Silt. In the !(ern River area its 

lowest stratigraphic occurrence is in the lower part of 

the Olcese Saud, which carries a faunal assemblage 

referable to the "Temblor Stage." It seems to be the 

lineal antecedent of the closely related subspecies, T. 

kernensis 1nedialis n. subsp. frmn the lower l\1iocene 

Jewett Sand. Elsewhere in California, T. lcernensis 

"occurs with mollusks referred to the "Vaqueros Stage." 

Distrib1ttion and stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene : 

Vaqueros Formation-La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932), 

Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1941), Santa Cruz Island 

(Loel and Corey, 1932), San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. 

data, 1958), Santa Ana l\Iountains (Vedder aud " 7oodring, unpub. data, cf.). l\Iiddle l\Iiocene: Astoria Formation, Oregon 

(:Moore, 1963) ; l\Ionterey Shale, "·estern Napa County, and 

Monterey Group, western Contra Costa County OVeaver, 1949) ; 

unnamed sandstone of Dibblee (196Gb), Stanford Univ. lands, 

San l\Iateo County ( SU loc. SLAC 85+10) ; Temblor FormationReef Ridge ( Stevmrt, 1946), La Panza Range (Anderson and 

1\Iartin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932), Caliente Range (Eaton 

and others, 1941) ; Tejon Hills ( Clarl.:, in Merriam, 1916) ; 

Topanga Formation, San .Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data 

1958). 

Range: LO\Yer 1\Iiocene to middle 1\Iiocene. 

Localities: LQ"·er part of Olcese Sand, UCl\IP B1646. Middle 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\!1698. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

tTSGS 6624, 6890, M1506-;\ll601, ?.\!1602, l\U697, l\U698; UCl\IP 

B1586, B1587, :\!1598, B1595. B1599, B1600, B1601, B1603, ?B1614, 

B1615, B1616, B1621, ?B1624, B1626, B1628, B1753. Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 6063-6065, 6068 ?, 6623, l\f1604-

U1606, l\11608, l\!1611-:\11613, l\12480; UCMP Bl612 ?, cf. B1618, 

?B1633, 81637, B1645. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 83 

Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis medialis Addicott, n. subsp. 

Plate 8, figures 14-16 

Of 1nedimn size, strongly angulate and spinose. Apical angle relatively broad. Spire with about eight 

coarsely spinose nodes on the anterior part of the 

whorls. Sen] ptured by fine spiral cords separated by 

narrow furrows, angulation bearing a somewhat stronger cord. Body whorl with medial row of bluntly 

pointed nodes continuing above and below the angulation as smooth varices. Nodes usually pitted anteriorly, 

varices bordered anteriorly by a finely incised furrow. 

Surface sculptured by evenly developed spiral cords 

that are more prominent below the angulation. Body 

whorl without a basal angnlation. Aperture subovate. 

Anterior canal moderately long, gently twisted to the 

left. Outer shell material light brown, inner layer 

chalky white. 

I-Ieight (nearly complete) 23.5 m1n, width 15.7 mm. 

~P1J1JC: U.S. Natl. 1\Ius. 6G0127. 

'l'V1JC 1ocalif11: USGS l\IlG91, on north side of westward-trending gully 011 southwest flank of Prramid Hill in NW:JA,SW% 

sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. Basal part of Jewett Sand, lower 

Miocene. 

'P?'OJJhon 'h:e?'nensis 1nedialis is separated fron1 'P?·o-

]Jhon lt:e?'nensis s. s. on the basis of a more acute, relatively higher spire, a more strongly inclined convex 

slope between the angulation and the suture, and the 

presence of well-developed spiral sculpture on most 

specimens. The anterior canal of T. lce1·nensis is 

straighter nnd the spines or nodes are re·flected upward 

rather than outward. Because of the apparent close 

genetic relationship with 'P. l~e?'nensis, the newly described early 1\1iocene taxon is included as a subspecies. 

There is little difficulty in distinguishing small specimens of 'P?'OJJlwn 7t·.'e1'1tensis from 'P. lce?'?lensis ?nedialis. 

(See pl. 8, figs. 12-15.) But in larger specimens the 

greater nmount of abrasion and a greater range of 

variation render discrimination somewhat n1ore difficult. On some of the larger specimens of 'P. lce?'?Lensis 

1nedialis, secondary spiral cords are intercalated between the primary spirals on the lower part of the 

body whorl. 

The spiral sculpture and general outline of F orre?'ia 

oanoella?'oides (Arnold) are similar to T?'ophon ke?'-

nensis ?nedialis n. subsp., but the furrow below the 

basal body whorl angulation characteristic of Fm·rm·ia 

can be used to readily distinguish these species. 

T?'OJJlwn lce?'nensis ?ned,lalis is fairly abundant in the 

basal marine conglomeratic sandstone of the Jewett 

Occ1t?'I'Cncc: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. 1\11591; 

UCMP loc. B166G. 

Sand at Pvramid I-fill (USGS loc. 1\11591). 

Genus TYPHIS Montfort, 1810 

Type (by original designation) : P'urpura t·ubife?' 

Bruguiere. Eocene, France. 

Subgenus TALITYPHIS Jousseaume, 1882 

Type (by original designation) : TyzJhis exzJanstts 

SmYerby. Holocene, 'Vest Indies. 

Typhis (Talityphis) lampada Keen 

Plate 8, figure 17; plate 9, figures 5, 18 

Typhis (Talityphis) n. sp. Keen, 1937, Geol. Soc. America Bull., 

Y. 50, no. 12, pt. 2, p. 1972. 

Typhis ( Talityphis) lampacla Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. 

History Trans., Y. 10, no. 2, p. 53-54, pl. 3, figs. 14, 19, 23. 

Keen, 1944, Jour. Paleontology, Y. 18, no. 1, p. 65. 

TYIJC: Stanford Uni\·. paleontology type colin. 7548. 

'1'1/JJC locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact 

near center SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, middle Miocene 

(probably same as USGS l\!1612 and UCMP B1637). 

In the !{ern River district, Typhis lan~Jpada has 

been found only in the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, where it is relatiYely scarce. 1\1iddle Miocene 

specimens from the Caliente Range in eastern San 

Luis Obispo County, Calif., collected by J. G. Vedder 

semn to be referable to this species. The genus has not 

been found elsewhere in California. A Holocene analog, 'P. latizJennis Dall (l{een, 1958, p. 367, fig. 382) is 

known from the southern part of the Gulf of California. This species and two late Tertiary species from 

central A1nerica, T. alatus obesus Gabb and T. olssoni 

l{een, differ from T. lwnpada by having relatively 

much smaller apertures. A similar late Oligocene or 

early ~~liocene species from Colombia, T. zn·eou'J'SO?' 

l{een and Campbell (1964, pl. 9, figs. 14, 18, 21, 22), 

has a relatively high spire and therefore a more or 

less obconic outline as contrasted "·ith the low-spired, 

triangular profile ofT. lmnpada. 

Occurrence ancl stratigraphic distribution: Saltos Shale Member of ~Ionterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), 

Caliente Range, eastern San Luis Obispo County (USGS loc. 

l\i3338). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Loca.lities: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6065, 

l\11613 ; UCLA AC-13. 

Family THAISIDAE 

Genus THAIS Ri:iding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Stewart, 1927) : 

Thais lena Roding ( = Lliurex fuous Gmelin = LlftlaeoJ 

ne1·itoideus Linne = N erita nodosa Linne). Holocene, 

eastern Atlantic. 

Subgenus NUCELLA Ri:iding, 1798 

Type (by subsequent designation, Winkworth, 

1932) : Nuoella theobroma Roding ( = N. laJJill'l.lS 
84 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Linne) . Holocene, northern Atlantic Ocean from 

northeastern United States to Portugal. 

Rehder's case (1962) for retention of Nucella Roding for this temperate to boreal group of thaisids is 

followed herein rather than Clench's earlier case (1947, 

p. 85-86) for the use of Polytropa Swainson, a later 

name that can be clearly fixed on N. lapillus. Clench 

(1947) considered N. theob1·oma Roding as a doubtful 

name based on the figures originally cited. Although 

the designation of N. theobroma as the type of Nucella 

does not directly relate this taxon to N. lapillus 

(Linne), Rehder (1962) has shown that N. theobroma 

is a variant of N. lapill1ts. Moreover, usage subsequent 

to Clench's report (1947) favors retention of N1wella, 

the technically available, earlier name. 

Thais (Nucella) packi Clark 

Plate 9, figures 1-4, 19 

Pttrpura lima Martyn, Anderson, 1911, p. 100, in part ("A zone" 

only). 

Thais packi Clark, 1918, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., 

v. 11, no. 2, p. 177, pl. 19, figs. 2, 13. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 18, figs. 1, 2. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 104, 

fig. 3h. 

Thais ( Stramonita) carr£zoensis Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 249-

250, pl. 47, figs. 2, 3a, b. 

Nucella packi (Clark) var. talea Stewart, 1946, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 205-C, p. 102, pl. 17, fig. 11. 

Thais sp. Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 28, no. 13, p. 392, pl. 18, figs. 2, 5 [listed as "Thais, n. 

sp." on plate description]. 

Thais cf. T. n. sp. Lutz, Hall, 1958, California Univ., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 34, no. 1, p. 58, pl. 9, figs. 8, 9. 

Thais (Polytropa) aff. T. (P.) lima Gmelin, Moore, 1963, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 35. 

Type: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11246 .. 

Type locality: UCMP 1309, Santa Fe railroad cut 1lf.t miles 

northeast of Muir Station, altitude 150 feet [east limb of Pacheo 

syncline near boundary of Concord and Carquinez 15-minute 

quadrangles). San Ramon Formation, lower Miocene ( ?) ]. 

Type of Thais oarrizoensis: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 

31578. 

Type locality: UCMP A501, Carrizo Creek, La Panza Range, 

San Luis Obispo County, Calif. Vaqueros Formation, lower 

Miocene. 

Type of Nttcella packi var. talea: U.S. Natl. Mus. 498749. 

Type locality: USGS 14390, first arroyo west of Beltran, upper 

three layers of Anadara just beneath 12-foot silt, sec. 25, T. 22 

S., R. 15 E., Dark Hole quadrangle, Fresno County, Calif. Lower 

member of the Temblor !!~ormation, middle Miocene. 

Type of Thais sp. Lutz: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 

35165. 

Type locality: UCMP A4931, fire trail cut northwest of road 

summit between Lawson Hill and Oursan Ridge about 30 feet 

below base of Claremont Shale in T. 1 N., R. 3 W., Concord 

quadrangle, Contra Costa County, Calif. Sobrante Sandstone, 

middle Miocene. 

Thais packi, a species characterized by broad spiral 

cords with deeply excavated interspaces, is limited to 

the lower Miocene of the l{ern River area, although 

it has been collected elsewhere from middle Miocene 

formations. It occurs abundantly in the. basal marine 

stratum at Pyramid Hill. Larger individuals are very 

thick shelled. There is considerable variation in the 

strength of spiral ribbing, in part due to abrasion. 

Continuous gradation :from the broad ribbed form of 

T. packi (pl. 9, fig. 1) to individuals with narrower 

ribs and deeply excavated interspaces (pl. 9, fig. 4) is 

well illustrated in the collection from USGS locality 

M1591. Some specimens have a fairly well developed 

spire and a smoothly rounded body whorl. Others may 

be low spired and may have a :faint angulation in the 

upper part o:f the body whorl. A :few specimens have 

faint broad axial :folds on the body whorl (pl. ·g, fig. 4). 

All specimens are smaller than the type of T. packi 

from the San Ramon Sandstone of Contra Costa 

County and have from two to :four fewer spiral ribs. 

In other respects, however, the variable specimens 

from the Jewett Sand. are closely comparable with 

T. packi. 

The type o:f T. carnzoensis Loel and Corey ( 1932, 

p. 249, pl. 47, figs. 3a, 3b) is a small, low-spired specimen with only 11 spiral ribs. Other specimens, however, are said to have more spiral cords and a higher 

spire than the type specimen. These characteristics 

suggest that their figured specimens are i~mature. A 

small individual collected from Pyramid Hill (pl. 9, 

fig. 19) compares favorably with Loel and Corey's type 

material. 

Thais packi forma talea Stewart (1946, p. 102, pl. 

17, fig. 11) from the Temblor Formation o:f the Reef 

Ridge area, Fresno County, is somewhat narrower than 

typical specimens. 

This species has long been confused with the living 

Thais lima ( Gmelin), which has been identified :from 

beds as old as early J\1:iocene. The oldest authenticated 

occurrence of T. lin~,a, however, is middle Miocene 

(Etherington, 1931, p. 97). T. packi can be readily distinguished from T. lima by its broad spiral ribs with 

uni:formily narrow interspaces, faint axial folds on the 

spire, thick shell, and denticulate outer apertural lip. 

It is probable that some of the middle Miocene records 

of T. lima are, in :fact, T. packi. 

Specimens from the middle Miocene Astoria Formation of coastal Oregon identified by Moore (1963, p. 

35) as Thais aff. T. lin~a Gmelin are referable to 

T. packi. Collections :from near Newport and Coos Bay 

(USGS locs. 18907 and 18284, respectively) include 

specimens that have been compared with l(ern River 

material. This species has also been collected from the 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 85 

Astoria Formation in the ~1ontesano quadrangle, southwestern "rashington (USGS loc. 1\11518). 

Anderson's (1905, pl. 5, figs. 62, 63) "P~Ilrp~tra lima 

1\fartyn" from the upper Olcese Sand of the l(ern 

River district is a cancellariid. It was renamed Oancella?·ia ande1·soni Arnold (1909, p. 60-61). Anderson's 

later record of "P~t1'1JU?'a lin1-.a 1\fartyn" (1911, p. 100) 

from the A zone of Pyramid Hill presumably is of 

Thais 1Jacki. 

Dist?·ibu.tion an(l st1·atigm1Jhic occtwrcnce: Lower Miocene (?) : 

San Ramon Sandstone-western Napa County (Weaver, 1949), 

Contrn Costa County (Clarl\:, 1918; 'Veaver, 1953). Lower Miocene: Vaqueros :F'ormation-La Panza Range and San Emigdio 

l\Iountains (T.Joel and Corey, 1932). Midddle Miocene: Astoria 

li'ormation-southwestern " 7ashington (USGS loc. M1518) and 

coastal Oregon (l\Ioore, 1963, as Thais aff. T. lima Gmelin) ; 

Empire Formation of Diller (1903), near Cape Blanco, Oreg. 

(USGS Ioc. l\.£2142, :\.£3637; unnumbered collections at the Universit:y of Oregon) ; Sobrante Sandstone, Contra Costa County, 

Calif. (T.Jutz, 19Gl) ; Oursan Sandstone, Pleasanton area, Alameda County (Hall, 1958) ; Temblor Formation, Reef Ridge 

area (Stewart, 1946). 

Range: Lower :Miocene to middle Miocene. 

LoeaUUcs: Lower part of Jewett Sand, USGS M1590, M1591; 

UCMP B1606, B1665, B1667, B1669, ?B1671. Middle part of 

Olcese Sand, USGS l\U698. 

Subgenus THAISELLA Clench, 1947 

Type (by original designation) : P~t?'p'l~;ra t?initatensis Guppy. I-Iolocene, Guatemala to Brasil. 

Thais (Thaisella) edmondi (Arnold) 

Plate 9, figures 14, 15 

P1tr1mra C(lmon(U Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., y. 32, 

no. 154G, p. 530, pl. 40, figs. 3, 3a. 

Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, u.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 309, 

p. 226, pl. 27, fig. 3, 3a. 

'lLoel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Ty1Jc: U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 164983. 

'l'V1JC local·ity: Head of Topanga Canyon, 3 miles south of 

Cnlnunsas, Los Angeles County, Calif. Topanga Formation, 

middle Miocene. 

T'wo specimens from the l(ern River Miocene are referable to this species. The smaller specimen (pl. 9, fig. 

15) is most similar to Arnold's holotype. Although 

considerably worn, there are subsutural depressions on 

the body whorl that closely resemble the pocketlike interspaces between the axial ribs of the type. Locality 

data for this specimen are missing (Takeo Susuki, 

written commun. 1964), but the associated matrix suggests that it was collected from the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand or the lo"·er part of the Round l\1ountain 

Silt. 

The ~pecimen from USCG locality :.MJ691 differs 

from the holotype by the smoothness of its body whorl, 

which has but a solitary node near the aperture. The 

body whorl is not noticeably angulated. On the few 

patches of original outer shell layer, there is a suggestion of broad spiral ribs similar to the sculpture 

on the holotype. This specimen is considered to be a 

weakly nodecl form of Thais edmondi. 

Thais ednwndi may be distinguished fron1 the middle 1\1iocene T. blakei Anderson and l\1artin (1914, p. 

82, pl. 6, figs. 4a, 4b) , a rather slender species with a 

moderately angulated body whorl, by its thicker shell, 

one or more prominent nodes on the body whorl, and 

a longer anterior canal. 

Distribntion ancl stratigraphic. occurrence: Topanga Formation, Santa Monica :Mountains (Arnold, 1907; Eldridge and 

Arnold, 1907; Loel and Corey, 1932; Susuld, 1951), San Joaquin 

Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958), Santa Ana Mountains, cf. 

(Vedder and Woodring, unpub. data, 1953). 

Range: Middle l\:liocene. 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. M1591 ?. 

Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1601. Lower part of 

Round Mountain Silt, UCLA loc. AC-34-14. 

Thais (Thaisella) blakei Anderson and Martin 

Plate 9, figures 6, 7 

Thais blakQi Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 82, pl. 6, figs. 4a, b. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p, 173. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 180. 

Type locality: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 11A, miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchll.ouse [probably same as UC:MP 

B1586, near center of NW:JA, SElA, sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. 

Thais blakei is known only from the type locality. 

The specimen figured in this report (pl. 9, figs. 6, 7), 

a topotype, is simlar to the holotype by being practically devoid of the thin original outer layer of shell material. The remaining part is yellow in color and apparently smooth above the body whorl angulation but 

sculpture.d by broad spiral ribs below. There is some 

suggestion of irregular axial sculpture on the body 

whorl. This species is similar to T. edmondi (Arnold, 

1907, p. 540, pl. 40, figs. 3, 3a), as originally noted by 

Anderson and 1\fartin (1914), but lacks the noded body 

whorl angulation of that species. It also seems to be 

more slender and has a longer anterior canal. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, CAS loc. 65. 

Genus MORULA Schumacher, 1817 

Type: Ricinula 'lnorus Lamarck. Holocene, Polynesia. 

Subgenus MORUNELLA Eme·rson and Hertlein, 1984 

Type : B1.woinum lugubre Adams. Pleistocene and 

Holocene, eastern Pacific Ocean. Holocene 

range : southern California to Panama. 
86 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Morula (Morunella) granti Addicott n. sp. 

Pia te 11, figures 15, 16 

Small, low spired. Penultimate whorl broadest near 

base, sculptured by 11 axial ribs and five spiral ribs, 

the lower four of which occur in pairs. Posterior primary set off anteriorly by a deeply excavated interspace on penultimate and body whorls. Suture impressed, wavy. Body whorl slender, broadly convex, 

sculptured by about 12 primary spiral cords of unequal 

strength. Aperture elongate-ovate, outer lip smooth 

within. Parietal-columellar lip smooth. Anterior canal 

short, slightly inclined to the left. 

Height (almost complete) 10.5 mm, width 4.9 mm. 

Type: U.K Natl. Mus. 650160. 

Type locality: USGS M1597, in an abandoned roadbed at 

mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE cor. 

sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

A small specimen closely similar to the Pleistocene 

and I-Iolocene Californian-Panamic species ill orula 

lugubris (Adams) occurs in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand. Apertural configuration and whorl proportions are similar to late Pleistocene sp~cimens of 

M. lugubris collected by J. G. Vedder from the Bay 

Point Formation, San Diego, Calif., and terrace deposits at Laguna Beach, Calif. (USGS loc. l\11018). 

Principal differences from specimens of M. lugubris 

of cmnparable size are the weaker axial sculpture and 

shorter, less concave subsutural profile of the body 

whorl. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1597. 

Family COLUMBELLIDAE 

Genus ANACHIS H. and A. Adams, 1853 

Type (by subsequent designation, Tate, 1875) : 

Oolurnbella scalarina Sowerby.· Holocene, l\1azatlan, 

Mexico to Panama. 

Subgenus COSTOANACHIS Sacco, 1890 

Type (by subsequent designation, Pace, 1902) : 

0 olurnbella turrita Sacco. Miocene, Italy. 

Anachis (Costoanachis) watsonae Keen 

Plate 9, figures 11, 12 

A.nachis watsonae Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 42--43, pl. 4, figs. 1, 2. 

Supplementary description.-Shell of medium size, 

thick, moderately high spired. Body whorl and part of 

penultimate whorl devoid of axial sculpture; earlier 

whorls corrugated with strong axial ribs separated 

by interspaces of equal width. Axial ribs crossed by 

from four to six indistinct spiral ribs that continue 

onto the body whorl. Sutures subtabulate, strongly 

impressed. Base o£ body whorl with a band of about 

12 spiral cords separated by finely channeled interspaces. Aperture subquadrate, outer lip thickened externally and marked with five internal spiral plaits. 

Columellar lip with a sharply margined callus and a 

near vertical ridge bearing three or more ill-defined 

pustules. 

Type: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colin. 7530. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact 

near center SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle'. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene (probably same as USGS l\!1612 and UCl\1P B1637). 

The holotype of Anachis rwatsonae is a poorly preserved specimen with a large area of shell material 

missing frmn the body whorl. The outer lip is broken 

and most of the external shell layer is missing from 

the spire. A well-preserved specimen from beds 

stratigraphically equivalent to the type locality 

(USGS loc. 6065) is figured and described herein 

(pl. 9, figs. 11, 12). The fine subsutural band on the 

spire of the holotype is a subsurface feature. It does 

not continue onto small areas of original shell material 

remaining on the type, nor does it occur in other specimens collected from the lower part of the Round 

Mountain Silt. 

Occun·ence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 

6065, l\11612. 

Genus STROMBINA Morch, 1852 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1901) : 

Oolumbella lanceolata Sowerby. Holocene, Ecuador 

and Galapagos Islands. 

Strombina sp. 

Plate 9, figures 20, 26 

A small, smooth Str01nbina occurs in the Turritella 

ocoyana bed (USGS loc. M1605) in the Round Mountain Silt. The shell material has been encrusted and 

at least partly replaced by gypsum with a consequent 

loss of detail of sculpture. The spire is less than one~ 

half the height of the shell. The aperture is subovate; 

there is a longitudinal thickened band behind the outer 

lip. 

Strombina has not previously been reported £ron1 

the Pacific coast Tertiary north of the Gulf of Cali-

:fornia. The present species is similar to an early 

Miocene species from the San Gregorio Formation of 

northwestern Mexico, S. carlosensis Durham ( 1950, p. 

110, pl. 26, figs. 11, 13), but has a stouter shell in 

addition to a smaller, much more ovate aperture. 

There are three additional unreported middle Miocene occurrences of this tropical genus in California. 

One is from the Saltos Sha1e Member o:f the l\1onterey 

Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958) in the 

Caliente Range (USGS loc. M1D23 and M3291). The 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 87 

others are :frmn the Topanga Formation o:f the Santa 

Ana 1\{ountains and the San Joaquin Hills. The 

St?'O?nbina :from the Santa Ana 1\{ountains was doubtfully identified as S. carlosensis (Vedder and Woodring, unpub. faunal list, 1953). 

OccmTcncc: Ronnel Mountain Silt, USGS loc. M1605. 

Genus MITRELLA Risso, 1826 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cox, 1927: 

lllitJ•eU((, flaminea Risso ( = 1lht1'ex scriptus Linne). 

I-Iolocene, 1\1ecliterranean. 

Subgenus~ 

Mitrella anchuela Keen 

Plate 9, figures 9, 10, 21, 22 

JJ:Urcll(£ anchucht Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

'l'rnns., v. 10, no. 2, p. 48, pl. 4, fig. 12. 

SttJJJJlementa?'Y desc'riJJtion.-Shell small, stout, spire 

and aperture of .about same length. Spire with six 

gently convex whorls. Sutures tabulate, strongly impressed. Surface smooth, glossy in some specimens, 

microscopic sculpture of irregularly spaced finely incised spiral lines and finer axial lines of growth. 

.Aperture broad, anterior two-thirds with subparallel 

sides, not particularly constricted into an anterior 

canal. Outer apertural lip usually with five denticles, 

the posterior strongest. Inner lip with three somewhat 

weaker teeth. Body whorl very weakly angulated near 

1niclpoint, base with five to eight flat-topped spiral 

cords separated by narrow, channeled interspaces. Base 

of inner lip slightly deflected to left on some specimens. 

'l'mJc: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colln. 7539. 

'1'117JC localitu: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact near center SWVt, sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 ,V., Rio Bravo 

Remelt quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle 

l\Uoc0ne (prol.lably same as USGS l\11612 and UCMP B1637). 

'Afit?'ella anoh~tela is a rather variable species which 

closely resembles the living tropical species 'A!. dorma 

Baker, linnna, and Strong ( 1938, p. 248-249, pl. 24, 

fig. G) from the Gulf of California. It differs from the 

somewhat smaller I-Iolocene analog by having tabulate 

sntures and a definite basal angulation. In other respects, the two species appear to be inseparable. Young 

specimens of 111. anch?.tela :frequently have a shorter 

spire and are much broader than adult shells. The 

strength of the basal angulation of the body whorl 

is variable, on some specimens it is extremely weak. 

Columellar teeth are not present in all specimens; 

where present, they vary from one to four in number. 

There are usually flve denticles within the outer lip of 

the aperture; in most specirnens, however, that part of 

the outer lip bearing apertural teeth has been broken 

away. In some of these specimens, the incomplete 

aperture appears to be somewhat constricted into an 

anterior canal similar to J.fit'l'ella alta n. sp. (pl. 9, 

figs. 8, 16, 17). 

Although represented by an incomplete, poorly preserved specimen, Loel and Corey's 'Afitrella cf. 'AI. 

Tichthofeni ( Gabb) ( 1932, p. 241, pl. 46, figs. 18a, 18b) 

from their lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation seems 

to be distinct from 11!. anchuela on the basis of its 

more tabulate whorls and deeply channeled suture. 

Occun·ence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1597 ; 

UCMP loc. B1598. Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 3886, 6063, 

6065, 6622, 6623, ?l\'11604, ?M1606, l\11608-M1610, l\11612, l\11613 ; 

UCl\IP locs. B1600?, cf. B1618, B1637, B1638. 

Subgenus COLLUMBELLOPSIS Dautzenburg and Dollfus 1882 

Type (by original designation) : 0 olumbella 1ninor 

Scacchi. IIolocene, Mediterranean. 

Mitrella (Columbellopsis) alta Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 9, figures 8, 16, 17 

Shell small, elongate. Spire with six slightly convex 

whorls. Sutures tabulate, deeply incised. Body whorl 

slightly longer than spire, with broad angulation at 

base. Aperture narrow, outer lip with five denticles 

of which the posterior one is the strongest; base constricted into well-defined anterior canal. Columellar 

lip thickened, bearing one denticle, base reflected 

rather strongly to left. Six faint spiral cords on base 

of body whorl separated by narrow, channeled interspaces. 

Length 5.5 mm, width 2.3 mm. 

TY1Je: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650135. 

Type locality: USGS l\11597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

'Afitrella alta resembles n1ost closely 'A/. tube'l'osa 

(Carpenter), a Holocene species ranging from Alaska 

to the Gulf of California, ~Iexico, which is recorded 

from beds as old as late 1\1iocene (Gale in Preston, 

1931, p. 16) and has been doubtfully identified frmn 

a middle ~1iocene assemblage from the Altamira 

Shale 1\1ember of the ~1onterey Shale of the Los Angeles basin ('\Voodring and others, 1946). It differs 

principally from syntypic specimens figured by Palmer 

(1958, pl. 26, figs. 9-12) by having a more slender 

body whorl that has at least twice as many spiral ribs 

on the base. From 'Af. anchuela, with which it occurs at 

USGS locality M1597, it differs by being more elongate, by having a narrow aperture which is constricted 

into an anterior canal, and by having a relatively large 

basal segment of the columellar lip inclined to the 

left. By way of contrast, M. anchuela has a broad 

aperture, a straight columellar lip, and a short, stubby 
88 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

spire. Both species have a basal .angulation and a 

similar number of spiral ribs on the base of the body 

whorl. 

Occtwrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1597. 

Family NEPTUNEIDAE 

Genus BRUCLARKIA Trask in Stewart, 1927 

Type (by original designation) : Olavella gravida 

Gabb. Lower Miocene, Contra Costa County, Calif. 

Bruclarkia barkeriana (Cooper) 

Plate 9, figures 13, 23-25, 27, 28; plate 10, figures 1-3, 5, 7, 9, 10 

PNatica ocniculata Conrad, 1855, U.S. 33d Cong. 1st sess., House 

Ex. Doc. 129, p. 18-19. 

Conrad, 1857, U.S. 33d Cong. 2d sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 78, 

App. art. 2, p. 328, pl. 7, fig. 67. Nomen dubium. 

B1·1tclarkia geniculata (Conrad), Clarl\:, 1937, Geol. Soc. America Proc. for 1936, p. 387. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 36. Nomen dubium. 

Agasoma barkerianurn Cooper, 1894, California Mining Bur. 

Bull. 4, p. 53, pl. 5, fig. 63 [not pl. 3, fig. 52 as stated in 

explanation of plates]. 

English, 1914, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, 

no. 10, p. 252, pl. 25, figs. 3, 13, 14. 

Anderson and 1\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 42. 

Bntclarkia barkerianurn (Cooper), Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy 

and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, 

pl. 28, figs. 1, 2. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 171. 

Bntclarlda barkedana (Cooper), Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, 

California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 174, fig. 63-19. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 106, 

figs. 4a, b. 

Agasoma gravidurn Gabb, Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 188. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Agasorna santacrtt.zana Arnold, 1908, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., 

v. 34, p. 379-380, pl. 34, fig. 7. 

Branner, Newsom, and Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Geol. Atlas, Santa Cruz Folio 163, p. 6, illus. 2, fig. 44. 

Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, p. 18, 116, pl. 8, 

fig. 5. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

p. 85, 294, pl. 30, fig. 5. 

Agctsoma barkcriamtrn Cooper, var. santacntzanurn Arnold, 

English, 1914, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, 

no. 10, p. 252-253, pl. 25, figs. 11, 12. 

Bntclm·kia barkcriamtm (Cooper) santacruzanurn (Arnold), 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 171, 250, pl. 48, figs. 10, 11, 12. 

Bntclarkia ba1·keriana forma santacntzana (Arnold), Addicott, 

1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. C106, 

fig. 4c. 

Aoasorna barkerianum Cooper, var. clarki English, 1914, California Univ., Dept. Geology Bull., v. 8, no. 10, p. 253, 

pl. 25, figs. 9, 10. 

Type: Probably destroyed in San Francisco fire of 1906 

(Keen and Bentson, 1944, p. 126). 

Lectotype: California A cad. Sci. 2860 (figured by English, 

1914, pl. 25, fig. 14. Here designated. 

Locality: CAS 64, west bank of small ravine 1:!A miles due 

north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Type of Agasoma santacruzana: Stanford Univ. paleontology 

type colin., 5369 [not No. 1072 as stated by Arnold (1909, 

p. 380) ]. 

Type locality: SU C301, on hill 1 mile north-northeast of the 

north end of Searsville Lake, San Mateo County, Calif. [Hill 

"503" on north side of Sand Hill Road, Palo Alto 7%-minute 

quadrangle]. 

Type of Agasoma barkerianum var. clarki: California Univ. 

l\Ius. Paleontology 11902. 

Type locality: UCMP 1352, at Monterey-Martinez contact 

near Selby Station (JCM loc. 408), Contra Costa County, 

Calif. 

Conrad's species, N atica geniculata ( 1857, pl. 7, fig. 

67) from Poso Creek, is known only from a drawing 

of an internal cast. It may well be a Bruclarkia, as 

first suggested by Clark (1937, p. 387), who considered 

it a prior name for B. barkeriana. However, the original drawing is of a low-spired, strongly collared specimen that might possibly be confused with specimens 

of M olopophorus anglonana Anderson. The shell material was removed from specimens of B. barkeriana and 

M. anglonana in order to compare them with each 

other and with Conrad's drawing. It is extremely difficult to distinguish between the internal casts of these 

species. In general the internal cast of 111 olopoplwrus 

anglonana is higher spired, more strongly collared, 

and narrower than that of Br1wlarkia barkeriana; 

but taking into account the variation in spire height 

and strength of the subsutural collar in both species, 

it is apparent that specific recognition of Conrad's 

species is extremely difficult, if not impractical on 

this basis. It is here proposed to discard N atica geniculata as a nomen dubium and use the next available 

name, Bruclarkia barkeriana (Cooper), as has been the 

practice of many workers. The inadequacy of Conrad's 

type figure as a standard of reference for this important species is probably best illustrated by Conrad's 

comparison of N atica geniculata with an Eocene 

ampullospirid. Although the holotype of Bruclarkia 

barkeriana (Cooper, 1894, p. 53, pl. 5, fig. 63) is also 

missing, it is an unmistakeable, well-illustrated species. 

l\{oreover its name is especially well suited for the most 

characteristic gastropod of the Barker's Ranch fauna, 

the informal molluscan standard for the middle Miocene "Temblor Stage" of California and adjacent 

areas. 

Specimens of Bruclarkia barkeriana from near the 

type locality exhibit a considerable range of variation 

in spiral sculpture and in spire height. The typical 

form has three primary spirals on the middle part of 

the body whorl that may vary from continuous spiral 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 89 

cords to elongate or nearly round nodes; the upperInost spiral is the strongest. Frequently one or more 

additional weak primaries are developed on the lower 

part of the body whorL l\1ost of the immature specimens and some adults have a relatively smooth body 

whorl sculptured by fine spiral cords alternating in 

strength. This form has been named B?'u,cla?'kia santaC'I'ltzana (Arnold, 1908, p. 379-380 from a specimen 

collected from middle l\1iocene strata in San l\1ateo 

County about 3 miles west of Stanford University. 

Although it occurs with the typical form at .many 

middle l\1iocene localities, and clearly is intergradational with B. barke1·iana at USGS locality l\1i597, it 

is the principal form in the lower l\1iocene strata of 

the J(ern River district, as elsewhere in California 

(Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 250). The widespread earlier 

occurrence of the "·eakly sculptured form known as 

santam""'.tzana suggests that it is ancestral to typical 

B. ba1·ke'ria.na. There are, however, at least two lower 

Miocene occurrences of B. baTh~eJ•iana,. One is n. specimen from the basal conglomerate of the Jewett Sand 

at Pyramid I-Iill (1JSGS loc. l\11591). An earlier chart 

(Addicott, 1965a) indicating that this species did not 

range downward to the base of the lower Miocene 

Jewett Sand should be corrected to include this occurrence. The other is :from the Caliente Range of 

eastern San Luis Obispo County, and was the basis of 

the recently reported range extension of typical B. 

ba?·ke?·iana, into lower 1\fiocene strata (Repenning and 

Vedder, 1961, p. C237). This specimen differs from 

typical B. bm·ke?·imw and the weakly sculptured form 

santacruzana by having only two primary spiral ribs, 

borne low on the body whorl. The stronger lower 

spiral defines a basal angulation on the body whorl, a 

sculptural feature that probably is of no more than 

varietal significance. A similar specimen has been 

collected from the lower part of the Olcese Sand near 

Poso Creek (Pl. 10, fig. 3). · 

One reason for tentative recognition of BT'I.telm·kia 

ba?·h~e?·irma :forma santncntzana is that stratigraphic 

range is apparently greater than that of B. ba1·keriana. 

In addition to its possible earlier appearance in the 

lower l\1iocene (Loel and Corey, 1932), it ranges to 

near the top of the middle l\1iocene Round l\fountain 

Silt in the J(ern River area (USGS locs. 6611, 6612, 

l\11606), whereas the characteristic noded form has 

not been found above the lowest part of the Round 

Mountain Silt. 

B?·uclm'l.:ia bm'l.:eriana forma clarki (English, 1914, 

pl. 25, figs. 9, 10) is a sculptural variant with finely 

noded primary spiral ribs. Development of a strongly 

noded subsutural collar at a relatively early stage of 

growth is characteristic of B. barkeriana. The unique 

feature of this form is lts greater number of prima.ry 

spiral ribs, seven instead of the four or five chm.·acteristic of B. baTkeriana. The type locality of this form 

is not clearly established. In the locality register it is 

listed as near Selby, Contra Costa County, yet there is 

a notation that it equals JCl\'[ locality 408, which is 

near Vallejo Junction in Napa County. The label with 

the type specimen indicates the Contra Costa County 

locality; therefore, it is listed herein as the type 

locality. 

The more northerly ranging middle l\1iocene species, 

Bnwlarkia O?'egonensis (Conrad, 1848, p. 433, fig. 13), 

is similar to B. baTke,·iana but less strongly sculptured. 

As noted by l\foore (1963, p. 36), B. Ol'egonensis lacks 

the strong sutural collar of B. bm'ke1·iana and has an 

angulation on the ". horls of the spire. Its primary 

spiral sculpture is borne higher on the body whorl. 

B. barkeTia.na has a unique broad parietal callus, the 

uppermost part of "·hich extends above the collar and 

can be traced backward as an irregular, "·avy suture 

concealing much of the penultimate whorl (pl. 9, figs. 

24, 28). 

B1'.uclarkia yaqninana (Anderson and l\fartin), a 

relatively small, high-spired species which occurs in 

the lower l\iiocene Jewett Sand at Pyramid Hill, 

lacks the strong sutural collar of B. bm•ke1·iama and 

has four to fiye strongly raised primary spiral ribs. 

It can be readily distinguished from specimens of B. 

bw·k·eria.na of comparable size. 

Further study of specimens from other areas is 

needed in order to better define the range of variation 

in this speci 0 s and to determine if such features as 

the development of a strong basal primary have real 

stratigraphic significance. 

Distribution and stratigra1Jhic occu?Tence: Lower Miocene 

[all are records of Bruclarkia. barkc1·iana forma santacruzana 

except Repenning and Vedder (1961)] : Vaqueros FormationSanta Cruz :Mountains (Arnold, 1908; Branner and others, 

1909), northern Gabilan Range, northern and southern Santa 

Lucia Range, La Panza Range, San Emigdio Mountains, Ventura Basin, and San .Joaquin Hills (Loel and Corey, 1932), 

Nipomo quadrnngle, San Luis Obispo County (Hall and 

Corbat6, 1967). :Middle :Miocene: Monterey Shale, western 

Napa County (Weaver, 1949) ; :Monterey Group, western Contra Costa County (La\\'son, 1914; WeaYer, 1949) ; Sobrante 

Sandstone-Pacheco-"·alnut Creek area OVeaYer, 1949), Alameda County (Woodring and Trumbull, in Robinson, 1956) ; 

unnanwd sandstone of Dibl>lee ( 1966b), Stanford University 

lands, San 1\Iateo County (SU loc. SLAC 90 + 00); unnamed 

sandstone [ Buttonl>ed Sandstone of Dibblee ( 1963) ] , northern 

Temblor Range (A. Clark, in Schenck, 1936) ; Temblor Formation-Anticline Ridge (Arnold, 1909; Woodring and others, 

19-:1:0), Reef Ridge (Ste\Yart, 1946; Adegoke, 1967), La Panza 

Range (Anderson and :\Iar·tin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932), 

Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1941) ; Salinas Shale of 

English (1918), southern Salinas Yalley (Wilson, 1931); 

''Yaqueros Formation'', San Emigdio 1\lountains (Hoots, 1930) ; 
90 MIOCENE GASTROPODS· AND ·BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN "RIVER· AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Saltos Shale Member of the Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, 

and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (Repenning and Vedder, 

1961) ; unnamed middle Miocene formation, Caliente Range 

(Dougherty, 1940) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains (Loel and Corey, 1932; Susuki, 1951), San Joaquin Hills 

(Vedder, unpuh. data, 1958), Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder 

and Woodring, unpub. data, 1953). 

Range: Lower ::\Iiocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: .Jewett Sand, USGS 6638, l\'11591, ?l\'11699; UCMP 

B1660, B1665. Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS :M1593 ; 

UCMP B1657, B1646. :\Iiddle 11art of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698. 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, USGS 6619, 6890, l\H596-:M:1602, 

l\U693, l\11697, ~11698; UC~1P B1586, B1587, B1593-

BlU01, B1603, B1616, B1621-B1624, B1626, B1641, B1643, B1753. 

Round Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 6611, 6612, 6622, 6623, 6625, 

'!18724, :\Il605, :\11606, M1608; UCMP B1612, B1625. 

Bruclarkia oregonensis (Conrad) 

Plate 10, figures 4, 14-16 

Fus1ts oregoncnsis Conrad, 1848, Am. J ourn. Sci., ser. 2, v. 5, 

p. 433, fig. 13. 

A.gasoma o1·egonense Anderson arid Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 74, pl. 4, figs. 3a, 3b. 

Bruclcwl.:ia oregonensis (Conrad), Etherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, no. 5, p. 104-105, 

pl. 11, figs. 1, 3-5, 7. 

Schenck and Keen, 1940, California fossils for the field 

geologist, pl. 35, fig. 5. 

Weaver, 1942, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 444, pl. 86, figs. 21, 22. 

Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 28, 

no. 13, p. 391, pl. 18, figs. 1, 6. 

Hall, 1958, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 34, 

no. 1, p. 58, pl. 11, figs. 1 ?, 2. 

Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 35 

[in part], pl. 3, figs. 2, 3, 13 [probably not figs. 8, 11]. 

A.gasoma andersoni Wiedey, 1928, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 5, no. 10, p. 115. 

'IBruclarlcia sp. Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 28, no. 13, p. 391-392, pl. 18, fig. 11. 

Type: Missing from collections at Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia and presumed to be lost (Moore, 1962, 

p. 111). 

Type localit11: Astoria ]'ormation, Astoria, Oreg. 

Type of A.gasoma oregonense Anderson and Martin : California Acad. Sci. 159. 

Type locality: CAS 168, 10 miles west of Scappoose, Oreg. 

[mapped as "Upper Oligocene marine," Scappoose Formation 

and said to be of "Blakeley" age by Wells and Peck, 1961]. 

Two specimens from the Olcese Sand are identified 

as Bruclarkia oregonensi'3. A latex cast prepared from 

a broken external mold collected from the lower part 

of the Olcese Sand (pl. 10, fig. 14) is closely similar 

to specimens of B. oregonensis from the Astoria Formation at Coos Bay, Oreg. (pl. 10, figs. 15, 16). A 

larger broken specimen from the upper part of the 

Olcese S.and (pl. 10, fig. 4) has a strongly angulated 

penultimate \vhorl in addition to three strong posterior 

spiral cords and three weaker anterior cords on the 

body whorl. Unlike the more typical specimen from 

the lower part of the Olcese Sand, two upper spirals 

on the body whorl are composed of coarse, elongate 

nodes. 

The added spiral rib near the top of the body whorl 

which is expressed as a shoulder on the weakly sculptured forms and the angulated whorls of the spire 

can be used to distinguish B. oregonensis from the 

similar California species, B. barkeriana. A further 

difference between this species and B. barkeriana is the 

development of a strong subsutural collar on medium 

and large specimens of the latter. 

Anderson and l\{artin's Aga8oma oregonense (1914, 

p. 7 4, pl. 4, figs. 3a, b) from the Scappoose Forn1ation 

northwest of Portland, Oreg., is here considered a 

narrow, high-spired variant of B. oregonensis. vViedey 

( 1928, p. 115) renamed this species Agasorna andersoni. Although very slender, it has the angulated 

whorls of the spire and the body whorl angulation of 

B. oregonensis. Several specimens of B. 01·egonensis 

in collections from the Scappoose Formation (USGS 

loc. l\{1975) indicate an early( n l\{iocene rather than 

Oligocene age for this formation. The lack of strong 

primary spiral ribs on the body whorl recalls the 

relationship of B. barkeriana forma santacruz.ana to 

B. barkeriana. 

Distribtttion and stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Scappoose Formation, northwestern Oregon (Anderson and 

Martin, 1914). Middle Miocene: Hoh Formation of "'eaver 

( 1916), northwestern Olympic Peninsula, 'Vash. (Schenck, 

1936) ; Astoria Formation-southwestern Washington (Etherington, 1931 ; Moore, 1963) , coastal Oregon (Moore, 1963), 

Tillamook County, Oreg. OVarren and others, 1945), Lincoln 

County, Oreg. (Vokes and others, 1949), Cape Blanco, Oreg. 

(Durham, 1953) ; Sobrante ( ?) Sandstone, Pacheco-,Valnut 

Creek area, California (Lutz, 1951) ; Oursan Sandstone, Alameda County, Calif. (Hall, 1958) ; Temblor Formation-San 

Benito quadrangle (Wilson, 1943), Vallecitos area (Schenck 

and Keen, 1940) ; Buttonbed Sandstone Member of Temblor 

Formation and Twisselmann Sandstone Member of Monterey 

Formation of Heikkila and MacLeod (1951), northern Temblor 

Range; unnamed Miocene formation, Santa Cruz Mountains, 

Calif. (Howe, 1922a) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale 

of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (J. G. 

Vedder, written commun., December 1967). 

Ra-nge: LmYer Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1593. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, UCMP B1593. 

'Bruclarkia yaquinana (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 10, figures 8, 12, 13 

A.gasoma, yaquinam(,m Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 75, pl. 4, figs. 5a, 5b. 

Bruclarlcin yaquinana (Anderson and Martin), 'Veaver, 1942, 

Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 444-

445, pl. 87, fig. 6. 

Agasoma gravidt(,m Gabb, Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc. ser. 4, v. 3, p. 100 [in part]. 

?Bntelarli.ia oregonensis (Conrad), Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 35-36 [in part], pl. 3, figs. 8, 11. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 91 

'l'Y1)C: California Acad. Sci. 161. 

T1J1)C locality: CAS 39, Oregon coast, a little north of entrance 

to Yuquinn Bay [Astoria Formation, middle Miocene]. 

This is a rather small, strongly sculptured Brucla'l'"~ia that occurs abundantly in the basal marine 

conglomeratic sandstone of the Jewett Sand at Pyramid I-Iill. In the J(ern River district it is limited to 

beds considered to be of early ~1iocene age, although 

at the type locality and in the Caliente Range in eastern San Luis Obispo County, Calif., it occurs in beds 

of middle ~1iocene age. This species has not previously 

been reported from California localities. It was identified as B. g?·avida by Anderson (1911, p. 100) and 

may have been identified as B. O'l'egonensis or B. 

ba?·lce'l'iana by others. 

B'l'1.tela'l'"~ia yaq1.tinana is characterized by four 

strongly raised, noded spiral cords on the body whorl. 

The primary spirals decrease regularly in strength 

downward. A few specimens have a weakly developed 

fifth spiral ncar the base of the body whorl. The 

reg-ular development of these primary ribs distinguishes this species from the closely related but less 

spectacularly sculptured species B. oregonensis (Conrad), with which it has been grouped by Moore ( 1963, 

p. 35-36). The J(ern River specimens are smaller and 

more robust than B. O'l'egonensis. B1'1.tela?·lcia yaquinana 

is here given full specific rank because of its unique 

sculpture and because, as far as is known in the San 

,Joaquin. Valley, its stratigraphic occurrence and that 

of B. o?·egonensis, as here defined, are mutually exclusive. Its stratigraphic utility argues strongly, therefore, for retention of the name at least as a form of 

B. o?·egonmuds. It is interesting that the ancestral relationship with B. o?·egonensis implied by its close 

similarity and earlier appearance in the California 

~~Iiocene record is opposite to that of B. barkeriana 

forma 8antam··uzana and B. ba?·ke'l·iana: in the former, 

a more hig-hly sculptured form appears first in the 

record; in tho latter, a weakly sculptured form seems 

to bo ancestral. 

This species resembles somewhat Bnwla?·kia g?·avida 

( Gabb) from the San Ramon Sandstone of Contra 

Costa. County, Calif. In fact, specimens from Pyramid 

II ill were at one time identified as that species (Anderson, 1911, p. 111). B?·ucla?'lcia grav·ida differs from B. 

yaq1.tinanrt by having only three primary spirals on 

the body whorl, the lower two close together. The primary ribs consist of strong nodes that are much more 

widely spaced than on 13. yaquinana. The uppermost 

row of nodes is well developed on the penultimate 

whorl of the lectotype (Stewart, 1927, pl. 31, fig. 10). 

J}i.<~f1·i.bu.tion anfl sl1·a.t·irJra1J1L'ic occtwrcncc: Lower Miocene: 

Nye :Mudstone, Lincoln County, Oreg. (USGS loc. 1\1:2020) ; 

Painted Rock Sandstone Member of the Vaqueros Formation 

of Hill, Carlson, and Diuulee (1958), Caliente Range, San Luis 

Ouispo County, Calif. (J. G. Vedder, written commun., Decemuer 1967). l\liddle Miocene: Clallam Formation, northwestern 

V\'ashington (Durham, 1944, cf.) ; Astoria Formation, coastal 

Oregon (Anderson and l\lartin, 1914; 'Veaver, 1942) ; basal 

part of the Saltos Shale l\Iember of the Monterey Shale of Hill, 

Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), San Luis Obispo County, Calif. 

(Vedder, unpub. data, 1967). 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localit·ics: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS l\f1590 cf., 

l\11591 ; UCMP B1665. 

Genus KELLETIA Fischer, 1884 

Type (by monotypy) : Siphonalia kelletii Forbes. 

Holocene, Santa Barbara, Calif., to San Quintin Bay, 

Mexico. 

Kelletia lorata Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 10, figures 11, 17 

Shell small for genus. Spire shorter than aperture. 

Sutures appressed, undulatory. Sculptured by broad, 

flat-topped spiral ribs of variable width separated by 

narrow, deeply channeled grooves. 'Vhorls angulated 

a little below the midpoint. On penultimate whorl, 

ribs increase by intercalation of secondary ribs above 

angulation and by splitting of primary ribs below 

angulation. Body whorl sculptured by about 40 spiral 

ribs, a few of which are of secondary strength, and 

by eight axial ribs that produce a strongly noded 

angulation. Aperture subovate; outer lip broken, lirate 

within. Anterior canal moderately long, reflected to 

the left. 

TY1JC: California Univ. l\Ius. Paleontology 32834. 

Ty1w locality: UCMP B1598, in an abandoned roadbed at 

mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE 

cor. sec. o, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

[{ elletia lo?·ata is represented by the holotype and by 

specimens from UCLA locality AC-2-34 and AC-14 

from the Round ]\fountain Silt labeled "Siphonalia n. 

sp. A" by Alex Clark. Although this species is only 

about one-third as large as the holotype of [{ elletia 

JJosoensis (Anderson and Martin, 1914, p. 79-80, pl. 4, 

fig. 2) , an early to middle ~1iocene species from central 

California, it can be readily distinguished from that 

species. The angulation of the spire on [{. posoensis 

occurs at the anterior quarter of the whorls rather 

than near the midpoint. This angulation results in an 

entirely different whorl profile than in [{. lorata. In 

this respect, [{. posoensis is more nearly comparable 

with the living species to [{. kelletii, although the latter 

species has a unique, strongly concave profile above the 

angulation. 

[{elletia lcelletii differs from [{. lo·rata by having 

a strongly inflated body whorl, strongly nodose whorls, 
92 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

fewer and "·ell-defined spiral ribs below the angulation, 

and a fairly strong basal angulation on the body 

whorl. There is a suggestion of diminution in strength 

of the axial sculpture on the final quarter turn of the 

body whorl of the holotype of K. lorata. 

Occ~trrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1599; 

UCl\IP loc. B1598. Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. M1608?; 

UCLA locs. AC-2-34, AC-14. 

Kelletia posoensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 10, figures 20, 21 

SiJ)honaUa JWSoensis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 79-80, pl. 4, fig. 2. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Siphonalia (J(elletia) posoensis Anderson and Martin, Ruth, 

1942, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 26, no. 3, 

p. 297, pl. 48, fig. 6. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 174. 

· Type locality: CAS 126, in the bed of a small creek near the 

center of sec. 34, T. 28 S., R. 15 E., San Luis Obispo County, 

Calif. Temblor Formation, middle Miocene. 

The figured specimen differs so mew hat from the 

holotype by the slightly convex subsutural slope of its 

body whorl. Another difference, the relatively larger 

sutural angle of the l{ern River specimen, is the result 

of slight axial compression of the shell, which also 

creates a more slender profile in apertural view. Because of an encrustation of gypsum and sand grains 

that adheres to the shell, it was impossible to prepare 

the specimen for satisfactory photographic reproduction of spiral sculpture. Patches of shell material that 

are observable through the gypsum coating indicate 

that relatively narrow spiral cords occur above the 

angulation; below· there are primary cords and very 

narrow secondary cords crossed by fine axial lines of 

growth. 

A smaller middle Miocene species from the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand and the Round Mountain Silt, 

K elletia lorata n. sp., may be distinguished by its 

broad, nonspinose axial folds that occur near the middle of the whorls of the spire rather than near the base. 

A fragmentary external mold of a large neptuneid 

that seems to be identical to K elletia posoensi8 is in 

the collections from the Kern River area at the University of California at Los Angeles. A rubber cast 

of the mold (pl. 11, fig. 29) has a long, slightly concave, subsutural slope and nodes near the anterior 

suture, features characteristic of f{. posoensis. The 

spiral sculpture, consisting of closely spaced deep 

grooves that define somewhat irregular, strap-like 

cords, is also similar to that of K. JJosoen.'3i.'3. The locality, UCLA 'VR163, is given as "11f2 miles northwest 

of Pyramid Hill" on the card accompanying the specimen. This description suggests a position very close to 

USGS locality M1699, a locality in the lower part of 

the Jewett Sand. The rock type is light-grayish-brown 

very fine sandstone, which is characteristic of the lower 

part of the Jewett Sand in this area. This occurrence 

is a new stratigraphic record for the species, which 

was heretofore known only from middle Miocene 

strata. 

Distrib~tt-ion and stratigraphic occurrence: Middle Miocene: 

Temblor Formation-La Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 

1914; Loel and Corey, 1932) and northern Temblor Range 

(USGS loc. l\'12659) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale 

of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958) (Repenning and Vedder, 

1961). 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Jewett Sand, USGS l\:11591; cf. UCLA WR163. 

Genus CALICANTHARUS Clark, 1938 

Type (by original designation) : Pisania fortis Carpenter, 1866. Pleistocene, Santa Barbara, Calif. 

Discrimination of this genus from the similar temperate to cool-water Searlesia is based largely on the 

clasping or collared suture and the sometimes strongly 

angulated whorls characterized by a flat to concave 

subsutural slope. Oalicantharus occurs in the California 

Eocene and may be represented in the "Meganos 

Stage" of the Paleocene (Clark, 1938, p. 715). The 

genus became extinct during the Pleistocene. 

Calicantharus kernensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 7, figure 18; plate 10, figures 18, 19 

Ghrysodomus kernensis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 78-79, pl. 4, figs. 6a, b. 

Searlesia lcernensis (Anderson and Martin), Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3, p. 173. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 172. 

Type locality: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon llA, miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UCMP 

B1586, near center of NW%SK%, sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. 

0 alicantha'J·us lcernensis seems to be limited to beds 

of middle Miocene age in California. It occurs at a 

few localities in the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

in the l{ern River district. It is reported as occurring 

abundantly in the Temblor Formation of the La Panza 

Range by Loel and Corey ( 1932, p. 173) and has been 

identified tentatively by Stewart (1946) from the 

Temblor Formation at Reef Ridge. 

This species is the most slender and weakly angulated 0 alicantharus in the late Tertiary of California. 

As such it is readily distinguished from the variable 

Pliocene species of this genus. 

"Searle8ia" miocenica Etherington ( 1931, pl. 12, 

figs. 11, 18), a small, slender species known only from 

the type locality near the base of the Astoria Forma-
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 93 

tion in southwestern "\Vashington, may represent immature or dwarfed specimens of 0. lceTnen8i8. The fine 

n.xin1 ribs of the spire, the collared suture, and the 

concave segment of the whorl profile ben~a.th the 

suture all suggest close relationship to 0. lce1·nensis. 

l"'he pa.ratype of "S." 1niocenica is a much shorter, 

broader specimen than the holotype. These characteristics suggest considerable variation in that species. Its 

overall appearance is that of Oalicantha1·~ts rather than 

S ea1·lesia. 

Oalicantha1·us caTlsoni (Anderson and Martin, 1914, 

p. SD, pl. 5, figs. 2a, 2b), a P1·iscofusus-like taxon from 

the Astoria Formation of Oregon, has a much stronger 

ttngulati<;>n and finer, more numerous spiral ribs than 

0. lce1'1WnS'tS. The angulation of 0. carlsoni occurs 

lower on the spire and body whorl. This angulation 

produces an entirely dift'erent profile from 0. lcernensis. Axial ribbing is variable (~{oore, 1963, p. 37) but 

much coarser than on 0. lce1•nensis. 

The newly described Oalicantharus 1.voodfo1·di from 

the Olcese Sand and Round ~fountain Silt has strongly 

angulated whorls studded with spinose nodes, thereby 

differing from 0. lce1-nensis. 

Dist?·ib1t.tion anll strcttir1ra1Jhic occu1Tence: Temblor Formation, Reef H.iclge (Stewart, 1946, cf.), La Panza Range (Anderson nncl 1\lartin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932). 

Ua.nuc: Middle :Miocene. 

Localities: Upper pnrt of Olcese Sand, USGS l\H597-l\f1599, 

:Ml602; UC:\IP B1586, cf. B1587, Bl616, ?B1621-B1623. Lower 

pnrt of n.ouncl l\Iountnin Silt, UC~IP B1618. 

Calioantharus rancherianus Addioott, n. sp. 

Plnte 11, figures 5, 20, 21 

Small, low-spired, strongly noded. Subsutural collar 

developed on penultimate whorl. Body whorl angu-

]ated near posterior one-third line; profile concave 

above, convex below. Angulation bearing about 10 

slightly elongate axial nodes. Spiral sculpture of alternating coarser and finer ribs below the body whorl 

1tngulation; primary spirals on upper part of the body 

whorl finer and of uniform st'rength. Aperture elongate; outer lip angulate, constricted anteriorly into 

a moderately long canal that is slightly twisted to the 

left. 

Length (almost complete) 22.5 mm, width 11.3 mm. 

':PV1JC: U.S. Nntl. l\Ius. 650156. 

':1'1/1JC locality: USGS :M1591, on north side of westwardt:rending gully on southwest finnk of Pyramid Hill in NWlA, 

SWl,(., sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. Basal part of Jewett Sand, 

lo)ver Miocene. 

Several specimens of Oalicanthm·~ts rancherianus 

are in the collections from locality ~1:1591, all of which 

are either encrusted with gypsum and sand grains or 

have much of the original shell material replaced by 

373-855· 0-70-7 

gypsum. As a result, it is extremely difficult to record 

sculptural detail in photographs, yet these details are 

sufficiently well preserved beneath the semitransparent 

coating on many specimens to permit comparison with 

related species. 

Oalicantha?"1t8 1Ytnchm·ianus bea1·s some resemblance 

to the Pliocene taxon d. fort-is forma ang~tlata Arnold 

(1908, p. 536, pl. 50, figs. 6, 7). The ~{iocene species 

is much more slender and has a longer anterior canal. 

It is slerrderer, more strongly noded, and more sharply 

angulated than 0. fortis Carpenter, a Pliocene to late 

Pleistocene (Vedder and Norris, 1963, p. 44) species. 

Searlesia branneri Clark and Arnold ( 1923, p. 159, 

pl. 30, figs. 3a, 3b) from the lpwer ~1:iocene ( ? ) Sooke 

Formation of southern Victoria Island, British Colunlbia, is similar to Oalicanthants ranche1•ianus but has 

less strongly shouldered, more regularly convex whorls, 

a shorter anterior canal, and a 'veakly nodose body 

whorl. S ea1·lesia dalli Clark ( 1918, p. 17 5, pl. 20, figs. 

5, 9, 15) from the San Ramon Sandstone of Contra 

Costa County, Calif., also has regularly convex whorls 

and generally lacks axial sculpture on the body whorl. 

Apparently the degree to which axial sculpture is developed on the body whorl of these species is a variable 

characteristic and may not be as important a distinguishing feature as the angulate whorl profile of 0. 

1'ancherianus. 

Oalicantlw1·~ts has not been previously reported frmn 

strata of early Miocene age in California that are 

generally referred to the "Vaqueros Stage," although 

two species are known from formations assigned to 

the upper part of the "Blakeley Stage," which is regarded as coeval, at least in part, with the "Vaqueros 

Stage" ( Addicott, 1967 a) . 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. :M1591. 

Calicantharus woodfordi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 10, figure 6; plate 11, figures 17, 18 

Of medium size, strongly angulated with m.oderately 

fine spiral sculpture. Spire stout, later whorls with a 

collared suture. "\V'horl profile flat to concave above the 

angulation, vertical below. Body whorl large, with a 

prominent concave subsutural tabulation. Angulation 

bearing 12 weak nodes that are elongated axially. 

Sutural collar broad, flat topped. Surface sculptured 

by alternating rounded primary and secondary ribs 

that become broader tow·ard the base. Aperture elongate, outer lip broken. Base constricted into a short 

anterior canal. Inner lip smooth, parietal callus very 

thin; columel_lar segment thick, bounded by an impressed line. Siphonal fasciole sculptured by five spiral 

ribs and fine growth lines. Base of columella with an 

incipient umbilicus. 
94 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Height (almost cmnplete) 35.5 mm, width 18.3 mm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650161; paratype, USNM 

650146. 

Type locality: USGS l\UG97, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south 3GO feet west of NE cor. sec. u, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

Oalica.nthants 1.voodjordi is a finely sculptured, 

strongly angulate species readily separable from other 

Tertiary species of this genus. It is stouter and more 

strongly noded than 0. posoensis (Anderson and Martin), with which it oecurs in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand. The delicate spiral ribbing resembles 

that of the Califprnia Pliocene species 0. h'ltnWrOS'UJs 

(Gabb), but the two can· be distinguished by the noded 

angulation of 0. 1voodjo1'di. 

The paratype (pl. 10, fig. 6) illustrates variation in 

spire height and overall elongation of some individu'als. The deformed shell was originally more slender 

ti1an, indicated by the figure, the photograph having 

been taken perpendicular to the plane of crushing. 

Occu.rrcncc: Lower part of the Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 

M1698 cf. Upper. part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS loc. M1605. 

Calicantharus cf. C. kettlemanensis (Arnold) 

Plate 11, figure 30 

An incomplete specimen of Oalicanthm'us with 

sculpture presei·~ed only on the fi11al quarter-turn of 

the body whorl is comparable to the Pliocene species 

0. kettle11~anen-sis (Arnold, 1909, p. 69-70, pl. 15, fig. 4; 

pl. 21, figs. 1, 1a) originally described from the J acalitos Formation 'and the EtchegO'in Formation on the 

west side of the San Joaquin Valley. Thevarix on the 

nonapertural side of the body whorl is a resting stage 

that has been emphasized by selective exfoliation of 

shell material. It is indicative of a crenulated outer ~ . t:· 

apertural lip, collared suture, and well-developed 

posterior siphonal notch, features tJiat are characteristic of Pliocene species of Oalicantharus. The arrangement of nodes and details of, spin~l sculpture are similar to some of the inflated, strongly noded specimens 

of 0. kettle11wnensis. 

There are no undoubted records of Oalicantharus 

kettlen!Janensis in pre-Pliocene rocks. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

6063. 

Family BUCCINIDAE 

Genus MACRON H. and A. Adams, 1853 

Type (by subsequent designation Cossmann, 1901) : 

Pseudoliva kellettii A. Adams [= 11!. aethiops (Reeve) 

fide ICeen, 19:)8a, p. 404].- Holocene, outer coast of Baja 

California and Gulf of California. 

Macron aethiops (Reeve) 

Plate 11, figures 25-27 

Buccinmn aethiops Reeve, 1847, Conchologia iconica, v. 3, pl. 13, 

fig. 108. 

lllacron acthiops (Reeve), Keen, 19G8, Sea shells of tropical 

\Vest America, p. 404, fig. GG6. 

Psc1uloli1Va kcllcttii A. Adams, 18!34, Zool. Soc. I. .. ondon Proc. 

for 18!33, p. 18G. 

lllacron l.:ellcttii (A. Adams), Tyron, 1881, Manual of conchology, v. 3, p. 214, pl. 82, fig. 477. 

Macron acthiOJJ8 (RPen•) variety kcllcttii (A. Adams), Grant 

and Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, 

v. 6GO, lll. 28, fig. 8. 

Specimens identified as Ll/ac'I'On aethi~ps (Reeve) 

are distinguished from the middle Mioceno species 11!. 

1nerria1ni Arnold (1907, p. 529, pl. 41, figs. 4, 4a) by 

their strongly inflated body whorl, broad apical angle, 

and broadly ronnde<;l posterior tabulation of the body 

whorl. In profile the shell is conical rather than elliptical, and the sides of the body whorl are 1~1ore nearly 

flat than convex. · 

The California l\1iocene specimens are conspecific 

with a weakly sculptured form of 11! acron aethiozJs 

in U.S. National l\{useum collections from Cedros 

Island and San Quintin on the outer coast of Baja 

California, lJSNl\1: localities 265240 and 34510. This is 

the forn1 that Grant and Gale ( 1931, p. 650, pl. 28, 

fig. 8) figured as 11/. aethiop8 var. kellettii (A. Adams) 

from Scammons Lagoon, Baja. California. Theirs is a 

more angular specimen than the Holocene and Miocene 

specimens mentioned above, yet it seems to fall well 

within the broad range of variation of this species. 

Typical 11!. aethiops has spiral sculpture on the upper 

part of the body whorl and on the spire (Grant and 

Gale, 1931, p. 650). The doubtfully reported occurrence of "JI.f. aethiops kelletti" at Catalina Island, 

Calif. (Cooper in Dall, 1921, p. 89) was later regarded 

as erroneous (Burch, 1945, no. 50, p. 11). 

llf acron aethiqps has not been reported from beds 

older than Pliocene in California. Pleistocene specimens are recorded from the western J)art of the Los 

Angeles basin by 'Voodring and others ( 1946, p. 75), 

Cooper (1894), Arnold (1903), and Grant and Gale 

(1931) .. 

An early Miocene buccinid from the Isidro Formation in Baja California, "111 acron" hartm)anni Hertlein 

and .Jordan (1927, p. 629-630, pl. 18, fig. 2; pl. 21, 

fig. 5), has been considered ancestral to the living 

11!. aethiops by Grant and Gale ( 1931, p. 650). The 

deeply channeled suture and unique posterior extension 

of the aperture of that species suggest assignment to 

the early and middle l\iiocene genus Nice1na 'Voodring (1964, p. 268) or possibly T1'i1t1nphis. In any 

event, it is separable from the middle l\iiocene to 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 95 

I-Iolocene 11!. aetlliops by its sharply angulated tabulation, convex body-whorl profile, and finer more 

numerous spiral grooves on the body whorl. 

OccurrC11CC.' r .. owt'l' pnrt of Olcese Snnd, su loc. BR101; 

UCLA loc. )IB1400. 

Genus TRIUMPHIS Gray, 1857 

Type (by monotypy) : B'ltecinlu1n distoTtrlt1n "\V ood. 

Jiolocene, Costa Rica to Ecuador. 

Triumphis 1 n. sp. 

Plnte 11, figure 23, 2-.l 

Helatively small, low spired, thick shelled. Spire, 

dome shaped. Body whorl very large, tabulate posteriorly. Posterior collar set off by constricted area 

bearing two closely spaced spiral grooves. Surface 

nearly smooth, sculptured by fa.int, widely spaced 

microscopic spiral groo,·es nnd nnmerons axia 1 striae. 

Base of body whorl with six strong, spiral cords, two 

of which are split by fine medial grooves. Aperture 

elongate, posterior part constricted into a narrow slotlike canal. 

I:Ieight (incomplete) 18 mm, width (nearly complete) 13.3 mm. 

Ji'if}urcll 81)Ccimcn: Cnlifornin Univ., Los Angeles 45768. 

Locality: UCLA ~IB1400, "Top of Py[ramid Hill] Sand, 

Poso Creek." Matrix nnd other species from. this locality suggest the materinl is from the lower part of the Olcese Sand 

exposed on the south side of Poso Creek, near tbe center of 

sec. D, '1'. 28 S., R. 20 E., Woody quadrangle. 

T1·i'lt1n7)his? n. sp. is represented by two specimens 

from the lower part of the marine l\1iocene sequence 

on Poso Creek. They are in a collection which contains specimens of the similar buccinid 11/ ac1·on 

aethio7)S, from which they can be readily distinguished 

by the sharply tabulate, spirally sculptured collar on 

the body whorl and the elongate posterior canal. This 

species is similar to Nicmna hm·tnwnni (Hertlein and 

Jordan, 1027, p. 629-630, pl. 18, fig. 2; pl. 21, fig. 5) 

:from the lower Miocene of Baja California, l\{exico, 

but differs from that species by its well-developed 

sutural collar and narrow, extremely long posterio·r 

canal. 

If correctly assigned to T1·ht1nphis, the l\!iocene 

species from the Olcese Sand is the first Tertiary 

occurrence of this heretofore monotypic, tropical 

genus. The figured specimen has been compared with 

I-Iolocene specimens of T. d1'st01•ta from near Paita, 

Peru (USNM 368541). Broad similarities between the 

two suggest generic affinity, but the Holocene specimens do not have the sharp sutural collar of T. ~ n. sp. 

Assignment to Tri1.t1n7)his is qualified because of the 

incomplete condition of the fossil specimens, particularly of t.he aperture. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Olcese Sand, UCI .. A loc. l\IB1400. 

Genus MOLOPOPHORUS Gabb, 1869 

Type (by monotypy): B'ltllia (11/olopoz)horus) 

striata Gabb. Tejon Formation, upper Eocene, California. 

Molopophorus anglonanus (Anderson) 

Plate 11, figures 1-4 

Bu11ia. (Jllo1opophorus) anf}lonana Anderson, 1905, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 20G, pl. 16, figs. 74-76. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Mo1opOJ)horus atlf}lonana. (Anderson), 'Veaver, 1942, 'Vashington Unh·. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. G, p. 470, pl. 90, 

figs. 14-10, 18, 23. 

Etherington, 1931, California Unh·., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 20, no. G, v. 97-98, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2, 4, G 7 10 14-10. 

Hanna and Hertlein 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, 

p. 174, fig. 64-14. 

Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Sun·ey Prof. Paper 419, p. 37-38, 

pl. 3, figs. 1, 4. 

?llfolopopll orus, cf. 11£. anglonana (Anderson), Moore, 1963, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 410, p. 38, pl. 3, fig. 5. 

Mo1opophorus anglonamts (Anderson), Addicott, 1965, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. ClOG, fig. 4L. 

Original description.-Shell moderate in size, 1 inch 

in length, 3Jt inch in width ; spire moderately elevated; 

aperture broad, lip simple, notched above; columella 

crusted, whorls angulated, bearing tubercular, or spinose nodes above, and on lower part of body whorl; 

surface ornamented with lines of growth, and with 

revolving lines, strongest on the lower portion of the 

body whorl. The anterior notch is deep and bordered 

by 2 strong folds which extend upward, revolving 

obliquely around the columella, forming a wide canal, 

shown only in figure 74 [Anderson, 1905]. 

Lectotype: California Acad. Sci. 91 (selected by Weaver, 

1942, p. 470-471). 

Locality: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 11,4 miles northeast of Barker's ranchhouse (probably same as UCMP B1586, 

near center of NW1,4SE1,4 sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quad.). Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

111 olopopho'l'US anglonam.ts is one of the more characteristic ornate gastropods occurring in the J(ern River 

Miocene. Its lowest stratigraphic occurrence is in the 

Round l\{ountain Silt. As far as is known, this is the 

highest occurrence of the genus in the California 

Tertiary. The lowest stratigraphic occurrence of the 

genus is in the type l\{eganos Formation (Clark and 

"\Voodford, 1927, p. 117) of early Tertiary age. 

Specimens of a stout, weakly sculptured 11/ olopophorus from the Astoria Formation of southwestern 

'Vashington that have been identified as 11/. anglonan'lt8 

by Etherington (1931, pl. 13, figs. 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10, 14) 

differ in some respects from topotype specimens from 

the !Cern River district. They have a smooth to weakly 
.96 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER ARJ!tA, CALIFORNIA 

noded subsutural collar that is generally weaker than 

on the topotypes and a more weakly nodeQ. body 

whorl angulation. Two of Etherington's specimens 

( 1931, pl. 13, figs. 2, 14) are very close to the ICern 

River specimens. His other hypotypes have finer axial 

nodes that occur near the middle of the body whorl 

rather than on the lo·wer part. These specimens suggest a broader range of variation within l'rl. anglonanus 

in the Astoria Formation of southwestern Washington. 

vVeaver (1942, p. 471) suggested that Molopophorus 

1natthe1vi Etherington ( 1931), also from the Astoria 

Formation of Southwestern Washington, is more 

closely related to other species than to M. anglonanus. 

Moore (1963, p. 38) suggested that it might best be 

treated as a distinct species rather than a subspecies of 

AI. anglonan?.ts, a practice followed herein. Specimens 

of M. m~tthewi have bemi collected from only one 

locality in California, USGS ~1:3605 in the Temblor 

Formation of the Griswold Hills in San Benito County. 

An abraded specimen from the Astoria Formation in 

Oregon identified by Moore as lJf olopophorus cf. M. 

anglonana ( 1963, pl. 3, fig. 5) has a weakly noded 

angulation and sutural collar, possibly the result of 

abrasion. The spire is considerably higher than on 

specimens of M. anglonanu8. 

Despite its wide geographic range during the Miocene, M olopophorus anglonanu8 is definitely known 

from only four limited areas along the Pacific coast. 

It is noteworthy that the California occurrences are 

limited to the east side of the San Andreas fault. 

Distrib1ttion and stt·atigraphic occurrence: Astoria Formation, Montesano quadrangle, southwestern Washington (Etherington, 1931) ; near Astoria, Oreg. (Moore, 1963) ; Yaquina 

Head, Lincoln County, Oreg. ()loore, 1!)63, cf.). Empire Formation of Diller (1903), near Cape Blanco, Oreg. (USGS loc. 

M2142, cf.). Gould Shale Member of the Monterey Shale, 

Temblor Range, Kern County, Calif. (USGS loc. M3283). 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Lower part of .Jewett Sand, USGS l\11591. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890, l\11597, l\11599-~11602, l\11693; 

UCMP B1586, B1587, B1593-B1600, B1603, B1615, B1616, B1621, 

B1623, B1624, 1642. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 1\11604, M1605. 

Genus ANTILLOPHOS Woodring, 1928 

Type (by original designation) : Cancellaria candei 

d'Orbigny. llolocene, North Carolina to Cuba and 

eastern Gulf of Mexico. 

Antillophos posunculensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 11, figures 6, 8-11, 13, 28 

Plettrototna (Olathurella) dumblci Anderson, 1905, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 204-205, pt: 15, figs. 60, 61. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. [Not Pleurotoma (Drillia) dttmblei Harris, 1895, 

Philadelphia Acad. Nat. Sci. Proc., p. 59, pl. 5, fig. 2]. 

Amphissa fJOsunculcnsis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 72-73, pl. 7, figs. lla, b. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 171. 

"Amphissa" pos1tnc1tlensis Anderson and Martin, Keen, 1943, 

San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 36. 

Nassa chehaliscnsis 'Veaver, 1916, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) 

Pubs. Geology, v. 1, no. 1, p. 46-47, pl. 5, figs. 69, 70. 

Tritiaria ( Antillophos) dttmblci var. chehalisensis (Weaver), 

Etherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 20, no. 5, p. 100-101, pl. 12, figs. 6, 21, 22. 

Weaver, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 463, pl. 89, figs. 23, 24, 29, 30. 

Antillophos dmnbleana chchaliscnsis (Weaver), Moore, 1963. 

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 37. 

Phos dmnbleana Anderson in Hanna, 1924, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 4, v. 13, p. 183 

Phos ( Antillophos) dmnblcana Anderson in Hanna, Keen, 1943, 

San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans. v. 10, no. 2, p. 37. 

Cancellaria posttnculcnsis Anderson and Martin, Hanna and 

Hertlein, 1943, California Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 172, 

fig. 63-5. 

'!Cancellaria posunculcnsis Anderson and Martin, Lutz, 1951, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 28, no. 13, 

p. 392, pl. 18, fig. 12. 

Supplementary description of Kern Rive1· specimA3ns. 

-Shell of medium size, high spired, surface finely 

cancellate. Spire consisting of five to six whorls, tapering uniformly toward nucleus. Nuclear whorls sculptured by numerous fine axial and spiral threads. 

Penultimate whorl with closely spaced axial ribs of 

varia.ble strength crossed by evenly spaced spiral ribs 

forming nodose intersections. Interspaces occupied by 

secondary spirals of variable strength, some nodose. 

Sutures incised. Body whorl with an occasional varix 

a.nd generally strong spiral ribs that become relatively 

stronger near base. Axial ribs less regularly spaced 

and generally weaker than spiral ones. Larger specimens with broa.d shoulder near posterior one-quarter 

line of body whorl. Outer lip with internal lirae that 

usually do not reach the edge of outer lip; within the 

aperture they break up into elongate nodes. Inner 

lip encrusted by thin callus, base set off by welldeveloped fold above which there are a shallow groove 

and a weaker fold. Base of columella reflected to left. 

Siphonal fa.sciole sculptured by about four spiral ribs 

a.nd bounded by the basal columellar fold below a.nd 

a strongly raised rib above in large specimens. 

Types: Holotyp£>, California Acad. Sci. 153; paratype, CAS 

154. 

Type locality: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 1:14 miles 

northeast of Barker's rnnchhouse [probably same as UCMP 

B1586, near center of NW% SE% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Type of Plcurotoma (lu.tnblei Anderson: California Acad. Sci. 

66. 

Type locaUty: In the- vicinity of Barker.'s Ranch (headquar-
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 97 

ters formerly near the center of sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bnkersfield qundrnngle). This and other newly described 

species were collected "chiefly nol'th of the ri\·er" (Anderson, 

1905, }). 1.87) . 

1'ype of Nassa chchaliscnsis 'Vern·er: California Acnd. Sci. 

()64. 

~L'mw loca.Ut11: "tnshington University (Seattle) 230, cut in 

North Rh·er lJrnnch of Chicago, 1\Iilwaul.:ee and St. Paul and 

Pacific Railwny in sec. 27, T. 17 N., R. 8 "r., Grays Harbor 

County, "rash. Astoria Jl''ormntion, middle :Miocene. 

The types of Antillo7Jhos 1J08WJW'ttlensis are poorly 

preserved, decorticated specimens that do not clearly 

show sculptural detail or apertural characteristics. Yet 

the whorl proportions and small remaining areas of 

shell material on the penultimate whorls clearly indicate that they are identical to "Ple'lt'I'OtO'Jna" duntble·i 

Anderson, a homonym that was renamed Phos 

cl'twnbleana I-Ianna (1924). Both types are from the 

same stratigraphic interval and geographic area. It 

is of some interest that whereas A. posunculensis was 

included in Anderson and Martin's faunal list (1914, 

p. 41-44), the earlier "P." duntblei was not. The apparently shorter anterior canals of the types of A. 

JJOS'ltnc'ltlensis are within the relatively broad range 

of variation defined by the abundant specimens of this 

taxon from the upper part of the Olcese Sand and 

the Round Mountain Silt. The absence of a siphonal 

fasciole on the paratype (Anderson and Martin, 1914, 

pl. 7, fig. 11b) is due to decortication; this specimen 

closel~ resembles internal molds of A. JJOS'ltnculensis 

from the Olcese Sand. 

Antillophos 1J08UnC'ltlensis first appears in the lower 

:Miocene of California, where it is knm\rn from a 

single specimen collected fron1 the lower part of the 

Jewett Sand northwest of Pyramid Hill (USGS ]oc. 

M1699). It is one of the most widespread middle 

Miocene mollusks on the Pacific coast and occurs at 

several localities from western 'Vashington to southern 

California. The only recorded upper Miocene occurrence of this species is from well cores of the Santa 

l\{argarita Formation at Fruitvale oil field· west of 

Bnkersfield, Calif. (Gale in Preston, 1931, p. 16). 

This species differs from the type of Antillophos, A. 

canclei ( d'Orbigny), by the absence of spiral ridges on 

the inner wnll of the nperture. In this characteristic it 

resembles the Recent eastern Pacific A. ve'l'aguensis 

(I:Iinds), an evenly reticulate species that 'Voodring 

(1964, p. 265) regards as a descendant frmn the same 

ancestral stock as A. candei. Perhaps the absence of 

ridges on the columellar and parietal walls of the 

Miocene nnd I-Iolocene eastern Pacific species and their 

varices are evidence of an endemic eastern Pacific subgeneric group. In any event the modern A. 1Jerag·ue11:si8 

seems closely related to A. pomnC1./lensis. 

Among the Holocene eastern Pacific species that 

are customarily grouped under Phos in a rather broad 

usage of that genus (Strong and Lowe, 1936; ICeen, 

1958a), only A. ve1·aguensis has axial.sculpture (Strong 

and Lowe, )936, pl. 22, figs. 2, 8, 11) as delicate as A. 

1Josunculensi8. 'Voodring (1928, p. 260) observed that 

none of the Holocene Phos-like species fron1 the Panamic molluscan province closely resemble the type 

species P. senticosus. Strong and Lowe (1936, p. 316) 

doubted the assignment of "N as sa" chehalisensis 

'Veaver to Pho8. They suggested that it appeared to 

be closer to N assa1·ius of the /f. 7Je1•pinguis group. It 

lacks the angulaterl whorls and strong basal sulcus on 

the body whorl of the type species of Phos, P. senticos'lt8 ( L i.nne) , a ·Holocene Western Pacific and IndoPacific species figured by I\::ira (1962, pl. 27, fig. 10). 

"N ass a" chehali8ensi8 was described from the Astoria 

Formation of the Montesano quadrangle, southwestern 

'\<Vashington. It has been variously regarded as a 

variety or subspecies of Phos duntbleana Hanna 

(Etherington, 1931; 'Veaver, 1942; Moore, 1963). 

Differences between it and the California Miocene 

specimens, according to Etherington and Weaver, are 

the shorter, stouter shell, broader apical angle, and 

shorter columella. Comparison of variation in apical 

angle and spire height of !Cern River specimens with 

sizeable collections of "N ass a" chehalisensis from 

USGS localities M1495 and M1518, in the same part 

of the Astoria Formation as Weaver's type locality 

but about 6-7 miles to the east, indicates no appreciable differences in these characteristics. The Washington specimens tend to develop somewhat stronger, more 

uniformly spaced axial ribs and a papillose surface. 

Yet there are some individuals with sculpture as 

delicate as the !{ern River specimens, clearly indicating morphologic overlap of these widely separated 

populations. 

One specimen is known from the Astoria Formation 

in Oregon-USGS locality 18907 at Yaquina Head, 

Newport County, Oreg. (1\-Ioore, 1963, p. 37). 

DistribttUon a.1ul strat·igraphic occm·rcncc: Middle Miocene: 

Astoria Formation- Montesano quadrangle, southwestern 

"rashington (Etherington, 1931) ; Ynquinn Head, Lincoln 

County, Oreg. (Moore, 1963). Temblor Formation-Reef Ridge, 

Calif. (Stewart, 1!)46) ; I..n Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 

1932, p. 173) [possibly a typographical error as this species is 

not recorded in the adjoining "Kern River" column]. Saltos 

Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (Repenning and Vedder, 1961). Mid?le 

part of Altimirn Shale :Member of Monterey Shale (\Voodrmg 

and others, 1946). Topanga Formation: San Joaquin Hills 

(Vedder, unpuh. data, lOGS) ; Santa Ann Mountains (Vedder 

and "roodring, unpuu. data, 1953). Upper Miocene: Santa 

Margarita Formation, Fruitvale oil field (Gale in Preston, 

1931). 
98 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA r 

Range: Lower Miocene to upper Miocene. 

Localities: .Jewett Sand, USGS l\Il699. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, USGS 6624, 6890, M1596, M1597, cf. l\Il598, M1600-

l\U602, l\Il697; UCl\IP B1586, B1587, B1593, B1595, B1596, 

B1598-B1600, ?B1601, B1603, B1614, B1621-B1624, B1753, 

Round Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 6063, 6065, 6067, 6612, 

6621-6623, 6641, l\U603-M1605, 1\£1608-1\11610, l\Il612, l\11613, 

i\11696, l\'12480 ; UCMP B1618, B1619, B1625, B1638, cf. B1678. 

Antillophos woodringi Addicott, n. sp, 

. , Plate 11, figures 7, 12, 14, 19, 22 

· Small, moderately thick shelled. Nuclear whorls 

smooth to the beginning of third whorl, at which point 

fine protractive axial riblets crossed by four spiral 

threads originate. Early whorls of spire angulated 

near posterior one-quarter line, surface smooth above 

angulation. Three evenly spaced primary spirals on 

lower three-quarters of whorls. Penultimate whorl 

·with nine broad axial ribs that are nodose at intersection with primary spiral ribs. One or two secondary 

spiral threads occupy interspaces on later whorls of 

the spire. Suture wavy, bordered above by a spiral 

cord of secondary strength. Body whorl with nine 

primary spiral cords and 10 axial ribs. Usually two or 

three ~econdary threads occupy space between.primary 

spiral ribs. Aperture elongate, outer lip not thickened, 

!irate within but lirae do not reach the edge of lip. 

Inner lip with narrow callus, prominent fold at base, 

above which there is another fold of secondary 

strength. Siphonal fascjole broad, flat, bearing four 

spiral cords. Anterior canal moderately well developed, 

slightly . inclined to left. 

. . Length (almost complete) 11.6 mm, width 5.5 mm. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650165. 

Type lo.cality:. USGS l\I1597, in an abandoned roadbed at 

mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE 

cor. sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

This species is represented by several specimens 

from the type locality in the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand. The strength of the subsutural an()'ulation is . b 

varmble. On one specimen it is reflected by only an 

accentuated primary spiral cord. Axial ribs on the 

body whorl range from 10 to 14 in number. The basic 

developmental pattern of primary sculpture on the 

holotype, however, is repeated on the other more finely 

sculptured specimens. As with the extremely abundant 

Antillophos chelwlisensi'3 with which it occurs, there 

are denticles or folds on the upper part of the columellar lip. 

Antillophos 1.ooodringi is lower spired and stouter 

and possesses a more clearly differentiated pattern of 

primary and secondary spiral sculpture than "Phos" 

articulatus Hinds (Strong and Lowe, 1936, pl. 22, 

fig. 6), a similar species from the Panamic molluscan 

province of the eastern Pacific Ocean. 

A similar form occurs in the middle Miocene Saltos 

Shale Member of the Monterey Shale of Hill Carlson 0 ' ' and D1bblee (1958) in the Caliente Range of eastern 

San Luis Obispo County ( J. G. Vedder, written 

commun. December 1967). 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS loc. M1591 ?. 

Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 1\:11597 . 

Family NASSARIIDAE 

Genus NASSARIUS Dumeril, 1806 

Type (by monotypy) : Buccinurn 1nutabile Linne. 

Holocene, Mediterranean. 

The status of Dumeril's names is a perplexing problem to taxonomists. As with N assarius, as discussed by 

vVoodring ( 1928, p. 264-265; 1964, p. 270), it is a 

question of whether Dumeril proposed N assarius as a 

substitute name for N as sa Lamarck, 1799, a homonym 

of N assa Hooding, 1798, or as an entirely new name. 

In following the first possibility, there is the further 

problem of whether the name on Dumeril's list was 

an emendation of N ass a Lamarck or N ass a Roding. 

The alternative approach, and the one most recently 

followed by Woodring ( 1957, p. 85; 1964, p. 270), 

makes Buccinu.trn arcularia Linne the type species. 

Buccinum arcula1•ia has a heavy parietal callus that 

flows outward onto the body whorl and a well-defined 

posterior notch in the aperture. This differentiates it 

from B. 1nutabile and the species that are here grouped 

under N assari1.ts . 

Subgenus CATILON Addicott, 1965 

Type (by original designation) : N ass a arnoldi 

Anderson. Middle Miocene,· California to Washington. 

Nassarius (Catilon) arnoldi (Anderson) 

Plate 12, figures 3, 4, 7, 12-15 

Nassa arnoldi Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 

3, v. 2, p. 204, pl. 16, figs. 70, 71. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 3, 

p. 100. 

Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 43. 

N assari1t8 ( H ima) m·nold·i (Anderson) , Etherington, 1931, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, no. G, p. 99, 

pl. 12, figs. 15, 19. 

Nassari1t8 (Uzita) a.rnoldi (Anderson), Grant and Gale, 1931, 

San Diego Soc. Nat. History 1\Iem., v. 1, p. 679. 

Nassarius a.·rnoldi (Anderson), Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

'Veaver, 1942, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, .p. 461, pl. 89, fig. 14. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 37. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 52~C, Cl06, 

fig. 4f. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 99 

Uzita.'t m·noltU (Anderson), Moore, 19G3, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Pnver ~n9, v. 3!), pl. G, figs. 14, 1G-20. 

:Nassad·u.s (Oatilon) ar110ltli (Auderson), Addicott, 19GG, U.S. 

Geol. SurYey Prof. Paper G03-B, p. 12-13, pl. 3, figs. 1-3, 

10, l.Ci. 

O~riginal rlesm·i7Jtion.-Shell small, acutely ovate; 

sp:ire lnoderately elevated, bearing five whorls; aperture circular, outer lip n.hYays bordered by a, thickened 

vn.r.ix; colurnelln. short, bearing only n, slight, or no 

sulcus; surface ornamented by spiral and longitudinal 

ridges forrning a reticulation ns in the young of N. 

7Je1'7Jin,q'ld8 lids. 

T1mcs: Holotype lost dming the 1006 Snu lfrnncisco fire; 

neotyve (designated by Addicott, 10GCib), U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 

64SU77. 

~I'1J1JG locality: In the vicinity of Barl•er's Ranch [headquartet·s formet·ly nen r the center of sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 20 E., 

Hnkersfleld qnlHlt·nngle]. This nnd other newly described Sl)ecies 

were collected "chiefly north of the riYer" (Anderson, 1005, 

p. 187). ~~he ueotyve is from USGS loc. )I1Ci07 (in nban.doned 

rondlled nt mouth of smnll gnlly, l,·;soo feet south, SGO feet west 

of NlD. cor. sec. Ci, ~L'. 2!) S., R ~9 K, Oil Center quadrnngle), 

which is within Andet·son's generalized description of the 

originnl t~'l'le locnlity. Upper pnrt of Olcese Sand, middle 

:Miocene. 

N assa1·ius a1·noldi is one of the more useful mollusks 

in strn,tigraphic correlation of ~1iocene formations of 

the Pacific coast. It is of widespread occurrence frmn 

western "rashington to the southern part of California 

and is restricted in stratigraphic distribution to strata 

that fu·e classifi.ed ns middle ~1iocene according to the 

megafossil chronology of "V'eaver and others (1944, 

chart). Accordingly, N. a1·nolrl,i is one of the very few 

molluscan indices to the "Temblor Stage" of California. The only undoubted early ~1iocene occurrence 

o:f N assa?'i'lts :in California is on Santa Rosa Island off 

southern California, 'yhere n, single specimen of N. 

ch'lt?'chi (I:Iertlein, 1928, p. 156, pl. 22, fig. 2) is recorded 

:from the Vaqueros Formation. I-Iertlein's minute species differs from N. a?'nolcli by its distinctive sculpture, 

which cons.ists of both :fewer spiral threads and coarse 

1txinJ. folds. ~{oreover, the holotype of N. ch'lwchi has 

n.n "npparently smooth" inner Iii) (I-Iertlein, 1928, 

p. 156). 

Na.~sm·i'lt8 anM8elU (Anderson rtnd ~1artin, 1914, p. 

76-77, pl. 7, :fig. 16), a somewhnt simila.r species that 

hn.s been doubtfully assigned to Oatilon (Acldicott, 

)D65b), Cftn be differentiated from N. a?'noldi by its 

:fewer, strongly papillose spiral ribs and weak basal 

furrow. 

Chnracteristic morphologic features of this small 

nassariid are its shrtrply delimited aperture, margined 

by a well.-clefined callns on the par.ietrtl-columelhr side 

and an outer lip that is cortrsely denticulate within and 

vnrixed externally. Varices are apt to occur at earlier 

stages of growth. The stout body whorl is sculptured 

by 10-13 spiral cords that are generally of much 

"·eaker strength than the variable axial sculpttire. 

S1:>ecimens of N assa'ri'lts m·noldi frmn the vicinity of 

the type locality are characteristically small, ·have a 

short conical spire, and do not show much sculptural 

variation. At other localities, however, there is a considerable amount of variation in sculpture and spire 

height. Spiral ribbing predominates on n, few specimens 

(pl. 12, fig. 7) ; on others, axial ribbing is equal to or 

much stronger than the spiral cords. Some of the 

larger specimens differ considerably frmn typical 

specimens of N. arnoldi by having a relatively high 

spire with moderately convex whorls. These highspired individuals .arc clearly intergradational with 

the small, stout form characteristic of this species. An 

extr~me example is shown on plate 12, figure .~3. 

This species has been mistakenly identified frmn the 

upper ~1iocene ~1odelo Formation of the eastern Venturn, basin (Daviess in Oakeshott, 1958). Specimens.in 

the collection from UCLA locality 2018 labeled N. 

a'rnoldi are of n, relatively large species that seems to 

be intermediate between N. arnoldi and N. stooki 

I\:anakoff, an early Pliocene species. 

Distribu.tion ancl stratigratJhic occurrence: Clallam ( ?) Formation, Clallam County, \Vasil. (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913). 

Uppermost part of Lincoln Formation of \Veaver (1912) or 

lowermost part of Astoria Formation, Grays Harbor County, 

Wash. (Addicott, 1965b). Astoria Formation-Grays Harbor 

County, Wash. (Etherington, 1031; Weaver, 1942) ; Astoria, 

Oreg. (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) ;·Cape Loolwut, Oreg. (Addicott in l\langm~1, ·1067, cf.) ; Lincoln County and Coos County, 

Oreg. ( l\loore, 1963) .. l\Iont~reY: Shale, Point Reyes Peninsula 

nnd western_ Napa County, .CaFf. (Weaver, 1949). Monterey 

GrOUl), western Contra Costa County OVeaver, 1949). Monterey 

Formation, Monterey Peninsula (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913). 

Temblor :F'ormation-La Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 

1914 ; Loel nnd Corey, 1932) ; Reef Ridge ( Ste~vart, 1946). 

Saltos Shale l\Iember of l\Ionterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and 

Dillblee (19G8), Cnliente Range (.J. G. Vedder, written conunun., 

December 19G7). Unnamed Miocene sandstone, San Rafael 

l\lountnins (Vedder and others, 1967). 

Range: l\:liddle l\liocene. 

Locali.tic8: l\Iiddle vart of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698?. Upper 

part of Olcese Snnd, USGS GG19, l\11597, l\I1601, l\11602; 

UCl\IP B1500, R1G98, B1600, B1603, B1614, ?B161G, ?B1621, 

B1624, B164:l. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 388G, GOG3-600G, 

G067, 60GS, 6G21-6G23. ~£1604, ~l1608-l\f1610, ?l\f1611, l\11612, 

l\11613, l\12480; UCl\IP B1618, B1620, ~1625, B1637, B1638. 

Subgenus PHRONTIS H. and A. Adams, 1853 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1901) : 

Nassa tiaT'ltla I\:iener. Holocene, Philippine Islands 

and Solomon Islands (Tryon, 1882). 

~1iocene species included in this subgenus seem to be 

related to Panamic-Pacific nassariids included in 

A 'I'Crulw·ia by J(een ( 1958a) ; Figures of Buocin'lw~ 
100 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRA.TIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA. 

gibbulosunu Linne, the type of Arcularia., show an 

enormous parietal callus that envelops the apertural 

side of the body ·whorl and much of the spire, whereas 

the callus of N assa tianda, the type of Phrontis~ is 

much more restricted and does not extend upward onto 

the spire. The outer lip of Phrontis is externally 

thickened by a varix and the sculpture is usually 

dominated by axial folds that are strongest posteriorly. 

Species assigned to Oatilon (Addicott, 1965b), a somewhat similar subgenus, differ by their reticulate sculpture, non tabulate sutures, and narrow, sharply margined parietal-columellar callus. A species formerly 

included in Oatilon, N assarius smooti Addicott, is 

here reassigned to Phrontis. 

Nassarius (Phrontis) smooti Addicott 

Plate 12, figures 8-11 

Nassaritts (Catilon) stnooti Addicott, 196G, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 503-B, p. 13, pl. 3, figs. 7-9. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 648578. 

Type locality: USGS l\11597, in an abandoned roadbed at 

mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of SW. 

cor. sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

This species is placed in Phrontis rather than 

Oatilon (Addicott, 1965b, p. 13) because of its subtabulate coronate sutures and thick parietal callus that 

is apt to roll out a variable, but relatively short, distance onto the body whorl. These features, in addition 

to the body whorl sculpture of coarse axial folds, permit immediate discrimination from the somewhat 

similar N. arnoldi with which it occurs. Variation in 

spiral sculpture is shown by the development of 

secondary spirals on an incomplete topotype. 

N assarius snwoti is rare in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand, there being only three specimens in 

collections from the type locality. Poorly preserved 

external molds from the upper part of the Round 

Mountain Silt (USGS loc. 6609) are doubtfnlly 

identified as Nassarius cf. N. snwoti. They have a 

comparable number of spiral ribs but finer and more 

numerous axial ribs (pl. 12, fig. 2). 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597, 

cf. l\Il602. Upper part of Round :Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

6609 cf. 

Nassarius (Phrontis) harrellensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 12, figures 5, 6 

Small, stout, with a large, nearly smooth body 

whorl. Spire of five whorls including a smooth 

nucleoconch of about two whorls. Later whorls with 

prominent axial folds crossed by five to six flat spiral 

cords that become obsolete on penultimate whorl. Base 

of penultinate whorl with a strong spiral groove. 

Upper part of body whorl smooth, lower part with 

four spiral ribs. Aperture subovate; outer lip thickened externally by a narrow varix, nonlirate within. 

Inner lip with a thick parietal callus extending outward onto the body whorl. Siphonal fasciole sculptured hy six spiral cords and set off posteriorly by a 

well-developed spiral fossa. 

Height 11.8 mm, width 6.7 mm. 

Ty]Jc: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650173. 

Type locality: USGS 3886, hlnffs on north side of Kern River 

a mile below power-deYelopment station (probably N% sec. 1, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E.). Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, middle 

l\Iiocene. 

A fairly well preserved specimen is available for 

description. Its smooth body whorl and subdued spiral 

sculpture distinguish this species fro1n N assarius 

snwoti, which it otherwise resembles rather closely. 

An apparent difference between these species is the 

nonlirate interior of the aperture of N. lw?vrellensis, 

but the narrow roughened zone on the holotype does 

not preclude the presence of marginal denticles. 

The possibility that N assarius harrellensis is a 

smooth forn1 of N. smooti must be considered. The 

relationship of N. insculptus (Carpenter) and N. 

eupleu1·a (Dall) may have some bearing on this problem. Nassarius insculptus is a relatively smooth form 

with axial sculpture restricted to the spire, whereas in 

N. insculptus forma eupleura (Dall) axial ribs continue onto the body whorl. Demond (1952, p. 314) observed intergradation of these two forms in collections 

of Recent material. N. harrellensis is provisionally 

considered a separate species because it is not linked 

to N. smooti by intermediate forms. In fact, there is no 

suggestion of diminution of spiral sculpture on the 

body whorl of available specimens of N. S'lnooti. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

3886. 

Nassarius (Phrontis) ocoyanus (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 12, figures 17-19 

Nassa ocoyana Anderson and 1\lnrtin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 75-76, pl. 7, fig. 17. 

Nassaritts ocoyana (Anderson and Martin), Loel nnd Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3, p. 172. 

Nassm·i1ts ocoyanus (Anderson and l\Iartin), Keen, 1943, San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 37. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 503-B, p. 

16-17, pl. 3, figs. 19, 26-28. 

? Nassa blakci Anderson nnd 1\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 76, pl. 7, figs. 15a, b. 

? Nassari1ts blakci (Anderson and l\Iartin), Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3, p. 172. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 37. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 163. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 101 

~L'1J1JC Zocalit11: CAS 64, in IJottom of small canyon about 11ft 

miles due north of Barl~er's ranch house. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, middle Mioceue. 

'l'yve of "J\Ta.CJS(t" bla.l.:ci: California Acad. Sci. 180. 

~1'1J1>C loca.lit11: CAS GG. west oank of smnll canyon 11/J, miles 

northeast of Bnrl~er's rnnchhouse [pro·uniJly same as UC:MP 

H1G86, nen r center of NWl/t SE% sec. 32, '1'. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bnwo Ranch qnndrnngle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

This slender, distinctively turreted species occurs at 

a. few localities in the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

and ]ower part of the Round ~fountain Silt. It is 

characterized by coarse axial sculpture on the spire 

and a slender, smooth-sided body whorl ·with axial 

nodes at the top and two spiral cords near the base. 

The outer lip is thickened by a varix and there are 

weak denticles within on one well-preserved specimen. 

There is sufficient variation in the height of the spire 

of recently collected specimens from the Round Mountain Silt (locs. B1637 and B1638) to suggest the 

possibility that N. blakei (Anderson and ~fartin, 1914, 

p. 76, pl. 7, figs. 15a, 15b) is a low-spired form of this 

species ( Addicott, 1965b) . 

D·ist·ribution a.nt~ stra.Ugra1Jhic occurrence: Temblor Formatiou, r.-n Pnuzn Range, eastet•n San Luis OIJispo County (Anderson nnd :Mnrtin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Saltos Shale 

MemiJer of Monterey Shale of Hill, Cnrlson, and Dibblee and 

others ( 1008), Cnliente Rnnge ( Addicott, 1965b). 

Uangc: Middle Miocene·. 

.LocalUf.cs: Upper part of Olcese Snnd, CAS 65?. Lower part 

of Hound Mountnin Silt, USGS l\I1612; UCMP B1637, B1638, 

cf. 131639. 

Nassarius (Phrontis ~) posoensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 12, figures 1, 2 

Shell small, later whorls becoming smooth, sutures 

tabulate. Nucleus of two smooth whorls, later whorls 

sculptured by about 12 smooth axial ribs that become 

obsolete on the penultimate or body whorl. vVhorls of 

the spire with a spiral groove near the anterior and 

posterior margins. Upper part of body whorl marked 

by closely spaced retl·active axial growth lamellae that 

form a finely noded subsutural collar above the anterior 

spiral groove. Below the 1nidline occurs a series of 

about eight spiral grooves that become stronger and 

more crowded toward the base. Aperture subcircular, 

outer lip rather thin, with a poorly defined external 

thickening that may represent a varix. Parietal callus 

very thin, extending outward onto parietal wall, edge 

indistinct. Columellar callus bearing weak denticles 

near base. 

I-Ieight (almost complete) 10.5 mm, width 7 mm. 

~rmw: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650168. 

Tmw loca.ut11: USGS l\I1593, cut on road to aiJandoned well 

locution, a few hundred feet northwest of center sec. 9, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., 'Voody quadrangle. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

N assarius posoenszs IS represented by two external 

molds from the type locality in the lower part of the 

Olcese Sand. The holotype is a finely detailed specimen quite unlike any of the Holocene eastern Pacific 

Ocean species included in this subgeneric group 

[A1·cnlan:a of l{een (1958a) ]. 

There is a certain similarity to N assa'rius ha?"rellensis (pl. 12, figs. 5, 6), a species frmn the lower part of 

the overlying Round ~fountain Silt. The callus of that 

species is much thicker and it lacks the fine axial 

sculpture and subsutural collar of N. 1Josoensis. The 

Olcese Sand species is.a more slender, seemingly n1ore 

delicate shell. 

Assignment to Ph'rontis is considered doubtful because the presence of a definite varix on the outer lip 

of the aperture and denticles within cannot be established from the material at hand. The thin parietal 

callus is another bothersome characteristic, but variation in this feature has been observed on N. smooti. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11593. 

Family FUSINIDAE 

Genus PRISCOFUSUS Conrad, 1865 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1901) : 

F1.t8us geniculus Conrad. Astoria, Oreg. Astoria Formation, Miocene. 

Priscofusus geniculus (Conrad) 

Plate 12, figures 21, 22, 26, 28-30 

Ftt81t8 genicttltts Conrad, 1849, U.S. Exploring Expe(l., Geology, 

v. 10, app, 1 p. 728, atlas pl. 20, fig. 3. 

Fttsintts (Priscoftt8tts) genicttl1ts (Conrad), Weaver, 1942, 

'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 482, 

pl. 92, fig. 10. 

Priscojtt8tts gcnicnlus (Conrad), Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pa11er 419, p. 40--41, pl. 6, figs. 13, 15-18. 

Priscotwms aff. P. gcnicttltts (Conrad), Addicott, 1965, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 104. 

Undetermined species. Conrad, 1849, U.S. Exploring Expe(l., 

Geology, v. 10, atlas pl. 20, figs. 10, 11, 11a. 

Pri.<wofu.Yns orcgoncnsis Conrad, 1865, Am. Jour. Conchology, 

v. 1, p. 150 [new name for his undetermined species, 

1849, pl. 20, figs. 10, 11, 11a]. 

Lcctotmw: U.S. Natl. l\lus. 3552 (designated IJy Moore, 1963). 

T1/JJC loca.lit11: Astoria, Oreg. Astoria Formation, Miocene. 

Lectotype of Pri8cofttsus ot·cgoncn8is Conrad: U.S. Natl. Mus. 

3517 [Conrad's "undetermined species" (1849, pl. 20, fig. 10)] 

(designated by Moore, 1963, p. 40). 

T1J1JC loca.l,it11: Astoria, Oreg. Astoria Formation, Miocene. 

Two forms of P1iscojrusus genim..tl1.t8 are recognized 

in the collections from the basal marine conglomeratic 

sandstone of the ,Jewett Sand : a typical form corresponding to the lectotype (~foore, 1963, pl. 6, fig. 17) 

characterized by strongly protruding nodes at the periphery of the whorls and a form with narrow axial ribs 

that is identical to the lectotype of P. O'l'egonensis (Con-
102 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

rad) (M:oore, 1963, pl. 6, fig. 16). At first these forms 

seemed specifically distinct, but further study of other 

specimens showed that the strength and spacing of 

axial ribs is variable and seems to be connected by 

intermediate forms. 

Specimens of Prisco fusus genimtltt8 from the Jewett 

Sand (pl. 12, figs. 21, 22) are much larger than the 

lectotype (pl. 12, fig. 29) and have coarser spiral 

sculpture. There are clearly defined primary, secondary, and tertiary spirals below the angulation on one 

specimen. The axial folds culminate in nodes at the 

spiral cord on the angulation and on two or three 

primari(}s below. Above the angulation, the spiral 

ribbing is uniformly fine and much subdued. Another 

slight difference is the lack of the hooked nodes that 

are characteristically developed on the whorl angulation of the Oregon specimens (Moore, 1963, p. 40). 

By comparison with type n;mterial, these seem to be 

minor, infrasubspecific differences; consequently, the 

earlier identification of these specimens as Prisco fusus 

aft'. P. geniculus (Addicott, 1965a) is herein amended. 

The axially ribbed forn1 (pl. 12, figs. 26, 28) is very 

close to the lectotype of "Pri8cofusus oregonensis Conrad" (refigured on pl. 12, fig. 30). The axial ribs are 

narrower, longer, and more closely spaced than on 

typical P. geniculus. Furthermore, the spiral ribs are 

not differentiated into coarse primaries with alternating secondary and teritary ribs below the middle of the 

whorls. Consequently, th~ axial ribs are very little enlarged at the intersection with spiral ribs. 

The only specimens of the axially ribbed form of 

Priscofusus geniculus from the !Cern River area are 

poorly preserved and .slightly crushed. Several areas 

of gypsum -encrusted sand grains could not be removed from the very delicate shell material without 

damage to the specimen. Although the photographs of 

these specimens are poor, sufficient area has been exposed to indicate that they are distinct frmn other 

species of Priscofusus from the middle and upper Tertiary of the Pacific coast of North America. This forn1 

resembles somewhat P. hecowae (Arnold, 1908, p. 371-

372, pl. 33, fig. 8), a species characteristic of the uppermost (Oligocene) part of the San Lorenzo Formation 

and the lowermost part of the Vaqueros Sandstone of 

Cummings, Touring, and Brabb (1962) (Oligocene or 

early Miocene) of the Santa Cruz Mountains, Calif. 

However, P. hecomae has very stroi1gly angulated 

whorls, fewer and more strongly noded axial ribs, and 

more uniform spiral sculpture. A specimen from the 

San Ramon Sandstone of Contra Costa County, Calif. 

figured by Clark ( 1918, pl. 22, fig. 7) as Fusinus 

(Priscofusus) hecomi Arnold differs from specimens of 

P. hecomae from the Santa Cruz Mountains collected 

by Earl Brabb (lJSGS loc. M810, M82~) and seems to 

be an unnamed species. Clark is reported to have later 

decided that the specimen from the San Ramon Sandstone was a distinct species (Tegland, 1933, p. 129). 

P1·iscojusus coli (Dall), a Pliocene species from the 

Empire Formation near Coos Bay, Oreg., can be distinguished fron1 P. genimthts by its much stronger, 

more widely spaced axial ribs and concave subsutural 

slope. 

Distrib1ttion rmd stratigraphic occurrence: Middle Miocene: 

Clallam Formation, Clallam County, 'Vasl1. (Arnold and Hannibal, 1913) ; Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon (Conrad, 1849; 

Arnold and Hannibal, 1913; l\Ioore, 1963). 

Range: Lower :Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Loca.litics: Lower Ilart of .Tewett Sand, USGS l\11590?, 

)[1591. 

Priscofusus medialis (Conrad) 

Plate 12, figures 20, 23-25, 27 

Ccrithiwn melliale Conrad, 1849, U.S. Exploring Exped., Geology, Y. 10, app. 1, p. 728, atlas pl. 20, figs. 1, 1a. 

Fu.sinus (Priscotusus) tncdiali8 (Conrad), 'VeaYer, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, , .. G, p. 483, pl. 

93, fig. 7. 

Priscofusus medialis (Conrad), Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 419, p. 41-42, pl. G, figs. 6, 7; pl. 6, figs. 

1-7, 9; pl. 7, fig. 1(f. 

Addicott, 196G, U.S. Geol. Surn'Y Prof. Paper G25-C, p. 104. 

Fusu.s corpu.lent1ts Conrad, 1949, U.S. Exploring EXIled., Geology, v. 10, app. 1, p. 728, atlas pl. 20,. fig. 4. 

Fusinus (Priscotusus) corpulcntu.'? (Conrad), Weaver, 1942, 

·washington Unh·. (Seattle) Puhs. Geology, , .. 5, p. 482, 

pl. 92, fig. 1. 

Fusinus (Priscofusus) sp. indet. Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. St\rvey 

Prof. Paper 59, p. 40-41 [not figured]. 

'Veaver, 1942, Washington Unh·. (Seattle) Puhs. Geology, 

Y. G, p. 483-484, pl. 92, figs. G, 6 [not fig. 3 (1\foore, 

1963, p. 41) ]. 

Turris lineolncnsis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 88-89, pl. 6, fig. 8. 

Fu8inus (Priscotuswl) lincolncnsis (Anderson and l\fartin), 

'Veaver, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pnhs. Geology, Y. !3, v. 487, pl. 93, figs. 8, 9. 

Siphonalia, n. sp.? J;oel and Cort"y, 1932, California Unh· .. Df'Ilt. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, v. 96. 

Lcctofm)c: U.S. Nntl. )[us. 3532 (designatl"d hy )foort', 1963, 

p. 41). 

Type locality: Astoria, Ort:>. Astoria Formation, l\liocene. 

Lectotype of Fusus corpulcntus: TT.S. Natl. Mns. 3iii'i1 (designatt"d hy )[OOrt", 1963, ll. 41). 

Type localit11: Astoria, Oreg. Astoria Formation, middle 

)JiOCt"nt". 

TYJlt" of '1'1wris lineolncnsis Anderson and l\lnrtin: California 

Acad. Sci. 211. 

Type localit11: CAS 36, on tltt" coast G miles north of Yaquina 

Ra~·. Ort"g. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. 

Spl"cimt"ns of Fusinus (Priseofu.'WS) Sll. indet. Dall: USNl\f 

!i61!)73, G61!)74 [a third spt"cimen, USNl\l 3544, is not a Pri.'?cofusu.s according to l\loore (1963, p. 41) ]. 

Docality: Astoria, Ort"g. Astoria Formation )lioceiw. 

Prhwofus·us mediali8 is one of the most abundant 

gastropods in the basal marine conglomeratic sandstone 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 103 

of the Miocene Series of the !(ern River district. It is 

limited in occurrence to the Jewett Sand and Freeman 

Silt. The only other reported occurrence in California 

is from doubtfully identified material in the lower 

1nember of the Temblor Formation at Reef Rido-e on b 

the west side of San Joaquin Valley (Stewart, 1946, 

table 2, as P. lincolnensis?). It is an apparently 

abundant and characteristic species in the Astoria 

Formation of Oregon. Because of poorly illustrated 

type material, this species has been n1ore commonly 

la10wn by one of its synonyms, P. lincolnensis (Anderson and Martin, 1914, p. 88-89, pl. 6, fig. 8). Recent 

study of the molluscan fauna of the Astoria Formation by Moore ( 1963) has cleared up uncertainty as 

to the recognition of this important species as well 

as many of the other early names of Conrad which 

have been obscured by poorly known type material. 

Although most specimens are relatively high spired, 

there is considerable variation in spire height. Most 

specimens are somewhat deformed, giving rise to considerable variation in the curvature of the anterior 

canal as well as extremely broad body whorls on 

certain individuals. The anterior canal is moderately 

long, open, and gently recurved to the left. Practically 

all of the specimens from the !(ern River district 

differ from the holotype by having very strong nodes 

on the spire, i1.nmediately above the suture rather than 

near the middle of the whorl. A specimen of P. 'lnedialis from the Astoria Formation figured by Moore 

( 1963, pl. 6, fig. 5), however, has rather strong nodes 

near the base of the penultimate whorl. These nodes 

suggest a range of variation which can accommodate 

the California specimens. 

P'l·isco /'ltsus 'lnedialis can be easily distinguished 

from most of the other named species of Prisco fusus 

by the presence of well -developed rounded nodes. P. 

hecomae (Arnold) from the San Lorenzo Formation 

and Vaqueros Formation of the Santa Cruz Mountains, 

Calif., and P. chehalisensis ('Veaver) from the Lincoln 

Creek Formation of southwestern 'Vashington, both of 

which occur in older strata, have similar sculpture. 

This similarity suggests a possible ancestral relationship to P. 'lnedialis. They can be separated from the. 

!(ern River specimens, however, by their extremely 

slender, high-spired shells and the medial location of 

nodes that are much more widely spaced than on 

P. 'lnedialis. 

.Dist?·ib11.tion mul stratigra1Jhic occu.rrcncc: :Middle Miocene: 

Astorln Ji'ormntion-Astoria, Oreg. (Conrad, 1849; Arnold and 

Hnnnibnl, 1.913). T..~incoln County, Oreg. (Anderson and l\f;utin, 

1914; Voices nnd others, 1949; Snavely nnd Vok('s, 1949; Moore, 

l963). Coos County, Oreg. ('Moore, 1963). 'l'emhlor Formation, 

Re('f Ridge, Kings County, Calif. (Stewart, 1946?). 

Range: Lower to middle Miocene. 

Local·itics: T..~ower vart of .Tewett Sand, USGS l\11590, l\!1591; 

UCl\:lP B1665, B1669. Upper part of l!"'reeman-.T ewett Silt of 

l\Ia tthews ( 1955) , U OR 1306. 

Family MITRIDAE 

Genus MITRA Lamarck, 1798 

Type (by tautonymy, see MacNeil, 1960, p. 91-92) : 

Alitra 'lnitra Linne. Holocene, Indo-Pacific. 

Details of the question of authorship of the genus 

'lnitra are discussed by MncN eil ( 1960) and by Coan 

(1966). 

Subgenus ATRIMITRA Dall, 1918 

Type (by original designation) : Afitra idae Melvill. 

Holocene, Farallon Islands to Cortez Bank. 

Mitra (Atrimitra) andersoni Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 13, figures 11, 13, 16, 18 

Shell·of medium size, thick, with punctate spire and 

smooth body whorl. Spire consists of five or 1nore 

whorls. Penultimate whorl sculptured by seven rows 

of rectangular pits that disappear .on final half turn. 

Pits have a vertically oriented long axis. Pits separated 

by indistinct axial threads on earlier whorls which . ' g1ve a predominantly channeled aspect. Axial threads 

become as wide as pits on penultimate whorl. Penultimate and body whorls weakly shouldered; sutures 

channeled, somewhat wavy. Body whorl virtually 

smooth but with indistinct spiral sculpture near base 

and randmn axial lines of growth, some of which are 

collected into roughened resting stages near aperture. 

Aperture narrow, elongate. Outer lip culminating in a 

thin edge, inner lip with well-developed callus armed 

with four columellar plaits and a weak ridge at base. 

Siphonal fasciole broad, roughened by several ridges 

and channels due to irregular rate of growth. Anterior 

canal broad and short. 

Length (nearly complete) 49 mm, width 19 mm. 

7'ypc: U.S. Nat!. 1\lus. 650183. 

T?JPC loca.Ut11: USGS 6641, north side of Kern River in first 

deep gulch ('fiSt of bridge crossing river, three-fourths of a 

mile helow mouth of canyon. About half a mile northeast of 

Ker~ River and half a mile southwest of sediment-granite 

contact (near Nl;l, cor. sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quadrangle). Low('r part of Ronnd Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

An additional spec.imen of AI it'l·a andmwoni is in the 

collections at the University of California. It is larger 

and somewhat better preserved than the holotype but 

consists of only the body whorl. The base of tlu~ body 

whorl is sculptured by about 20-25 fine, microscopically 

punctate spiral grooves. Although accurate locality 

data for this specimen are lacking, the matrix and 

associated species in the collection from 1JCMP locality 

2714 suggest that the material was collected from near 
104 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

the top of the Olcese Sand, probably in the vicinity 

of Barker's Ranch but on the north side of the river. 

This is the same stratigraphic interval and general 

location as the type area of Anderson's "B" zone 

(1911). 

Mitra andersoni is related to a group of eastern 

Pacific Ocean species, including AI. idae Melvill, M. 

orientalis 'Vood, and !Jf. nwntereyi Berry that have 

punctate spiral sculpture ( Sphon, 1961, p. 33). It seems 

to be most closely related to M. orientalis Gray (figured by Tryon, 1882, p. 121, pl. 36, fig. 67, as M. maura 

Swainson) but appears to have somewhat finer spiral 

sculpture than the South American species. From 

M. idae, which some consider to be a North American 

analog of !Jf. orientalis (Burch, 1945, no. 49, p. 30), 

this species differs by its coarser, more strongly and 

regularly punctate spiral sculpture. The columellar lip 

bears four spiral plaits, below which the margin continues in a straight line rather than curving abruptly 

to the left as on specimens of M. idae. 

Reference to A trimitra rather than Strigatella is 

based upon the close similarity to the type species of 

the former, !Jf. idae. The type of Strigatella, M. 

litterata Lamarck, is a stout, very low spired species 

with well-defined spiral grooves on the body whorl. 

As far as can be determined, this is the first reported 

occurrence of the genus Mitra in strata of Miocene age 

along the west coast. A few specimens of a large !Jf itra 

that seems to be similar to 11!. andersoni have been 

collected from the Saltos Shale ~{ember of the Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958) USGS 

Joe. M3292 and M3338 in the Caliente Range of eastern 

San Luis Obispo County, Calif., by J. G. Vedder. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCMP loc. 2714. 

Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USNl\I loc. 6641. 

Family VOL UTIDAE 

Genus PSEPHAEA Crosse, 1871 

Type (by monotypy) : Voluta concinna Broderip. 

Holocene, Japan. 

Subgenus l'rUOPLEIONA Dall, 1907 

Type (by original designation) : Rostellaria indurata Conrad. ~iiocene, western coastal Oregon, 

Wash. 

Psephaea (l'tliopleiona) weaveri (Tegland) 

Plate 13, figures 15, 17, 19 

Mioplciona. indurata. (Conrad), Dall, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Prof. Paper 59, p. 35 [in part], pl. 18, fig. 6 [not pl. 18, 

fig. 5]. 

llfioplciona. wcavcri Tegland, 1933, California Univ., Dept. Geol. 

Sci. Bull., v. 23, no. 3, p. 127-128, pl. 11, figs. 1-5. 

Weaver, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 492-493, pl. 94, figs. 6, 10, 11. 

Addicott, 1965, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 525-C, p. 104. 

?11/ioplciona scowcnsis Durham, 1943, California Univ., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 27, no. 5, p. 177-178, pl. 17, fig. 15. 

?Miopleiona. sp. Clark, 1918, California Univ., Dept. Geology 

Bull., v. 11, no. 2, p. 184, pl. 23, fig. 13. 

Description of figured specimen.-Large, thin shelled. 

Spire incomplete, whorls evenly convex, sutures channeled. Penultimate whorl sculptured by 14 protractive 

axial ribs that tend to disappear at top of whorls. 

Numerous very fine spiral ribs on spire become extremely faint to obsolete on body whorl. Body whorl almost 

smooth, axial and spiral ribs discernible on upper part. 

Aperture elongate and narrm,~, largely concealed by 

matrix. 

Type: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 32243. 

Type locality: UCl\IP 681, Restoration Point, Kitsap County, 

Wash. Blakeley Formation of 'Veaver (1912), upper Oligocene. 

Type of 11/iople,iona. scowensis UCl\IP 35419. 

Type locality: UCMP A3696, along beach on l\Iarrowstone 

Island, south of UCMP A3675. NW1,4NE14, sec. 32, T. 30 N., 

R. 1 E., .Jefferson County, 'Vash. l\Iarrowstone Shale, Oligocene. 

Figured specimen of Miopleiona sp. (Clark, 1918) : California 

Univ. Mus. Paleontology 11244. 

Locality: UCMP 1165, on first ridge north of Sobrante Ridge 

in road pass ; five-eighths of a mile due east of source of west 

fork of Bear Creek, 125 feet above road on west side; altitude 

825 feet; Contra Costa County, long 122°12'20" ,V., lat 

37°65'17" N. 

Psephaea weaveri is represented by two specimens 

from the basal marine strata at Pyramid Hill. Heretofore this species was recognized only from Weaver's 

(1912) Blakeley Formation of Washington. The better 

of the two specimens (pl. 13, figs. 15, 17) differs 

slightly from specimens figured by Tegland ( 1933, pl. 

11, figs. 1-5) by having somewhat finer spiral sculpture on the spire and by lacking well-defined spiral 

sculpture on the body whorl. This is considered to be 

an infrasubspecific difference in view of the range of 

variation of spiral sculpture on a closely related species-P. indurata Conrad from the Astoria Formation 

of coastal Oregon. P. indurata normally lacks any 

spiral sculpture but some well-preserved specimens 

figured by Moore (1963, pl. 7, figs: 7, 9) have very fine 

spiral ribbing. P8ephaea indurata differs from P. 

ttoeaveri by having more numerous axial ribs that are 

strongly developed on all whorls and abruptly twisted 

posteriorly to :form a subsutural tabulation. The Pliocene species P. O'regonensis from the Purisima Formation of coastal central California and the Empire Formation of Oregon has a short, rapidly tapering spire 

and relatively strong, sinuous axial ribs which are 

·well developed on the body whorl. 

Another poorly known California occurrence of the 

genus in rocks of probable early Miocene age is from 

the San Ramon Sandstone, :from which Clark (1918) 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 105 

reported "AI io7)leiona sp. ( p. 184, pl. 23, fig. 13) and 

"Aiio])leiona indu/rata (p. 185). "Aiiopleiona sp. is represented by an incomplete specimen consisting of part of 

the penultimate whorl and body whorl. The shell 

material is missing, yet there are faint traces of spiral 

sculpture near the suture on the penultimate whorl. 

The use of Pse7)haea rather than F1.tlgo1'aria for this 

species is based on the discussion of generic characters 

by 1\Ioore ( 1963, p. 42-43). I-Ier conclusion that 

Pse7)haea can be differentiated from Fulgoraria, a 

genus to which comparable modern ,Japanese species 

have be~m assigned by IGra (1962, p. 82-~3, pl. 32), 

is based upon the greater number of columellar plaits 

and differences in the outer apertural lip of the type 

of F1.tlgo?'a1ia. 

Pse7Jhaea sco1.ve'n.s2's (Durham) from the Marrowstone Shale of Durham (1944) of the Olympic Peninsula, 'Vash., was originally differentiated from P. 

1.oeave?•i by its lack of a concave segment of the whorl 

profile immediately below the st~ture that occurs on 

the holotype of P. 'l.veave1·i. Examination of one of 

Tegland's para types ( 1933, pl. 11, figs. 3, 4; UCMP 

32248) indicates that the concave segment is a variable 

characteristic not developed on all specimens. In other 

respects, the fragmentary holotype of P. scowensis 

seems to be inseparable from P. 1.veavm-i and is therefore provisionally included in the synonymy of that 

species. 

Dist·ribu.tion a.ml strat·igra.phic occurrence: Upper Oligocene: 

~farrowstone Shale of Durham (1944), northern Olymi)iC Peninsuln, 'Vnsh.; type Lincoln }"'ormation of 'Veaver (1912), 

'Vash. (Durham, 1944, doubtfully identified). Blakeley Formation of Weaver (1912), Restoration Point, WasiL (Tegland, 

1933; Durham, 1944). Lower Miocene: ?San Ramon Sandstone, 

Contrn Costa County, Calif. (Clark, 1918, as Miot)lciona sp.). 

J~angc: Upper Oligocene ( ?) to lower Miocene. 

Loca.l-it1.1: r ... ower part of Jewett Sand, USGS l\U59~. 

Psephaea (Miopleiona) cf. P. (M.) indurata (Conrad) 

Plate 13, figures 6, 8 

A fragment of an external mold of a large Psephaea 

is in the Miocene stratigraphic collections at the University of California, Riverside. The specimen was 

cored from :t depth of 4,657 feet in the Shell Oil "Edison" 2-1, sec. 33, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., about .a mile north 

of Edison, Calif. The core is from the lower part of 

the Freeman-.Tewett Silt of 1\Iatthews (1955), which is 

of early Miocene (lower Saucesian Stage) age (Beck, 

.1952). 

A latex cast of the specimen (pl. 13, fig. 8) ,indicates 

sharp, rather closely spaced axial ribs that have the 

twist just below the suture characteristic of Psephaea 

ind1.wata. There is also a ·network of very fine spiral 

threads such as are sometimes found on specimens of 

P. indu1·hta (Moore, 1963, p. 43). Although more 

numerous and much more closely spaced than on P. 

1.oeave1·i, the axial ribs seem intermediate between that 

species and the high-built, closely packed ribs of P. 

indurata. At any event, there is a closer similarity to 

P. indurata, and for the time being the specimen is 

tentatively compared with that species. 

Loel and Corey's Af iopleiona sp. ( 1932, p. 96, 241 ; 

UCMP 12136) from their "upper zone" of the Vaqueros Formation [~Ionterey Group of 'Vagner and 

Schilling ( 1923)] in the eastern San Emigdio 1\Iountains, Calif. (pl. 13, fig .. 6), seems to be the same as 

the J(ern River specimen. It, too, is represented by an 

incomplete external mold with strong, closely spaced 

axial ribs that are strongly recurved just below the 

suture. Fine spiral threads also occur in the interspaces. 

Occurrence: Shell Oil "Edison" 2-1, 4,657 feet, near Edison, 

Kern County, Calif. Freeman-.Jewitt Silt of ::\latthews (1955). 

Family CANCELLARIIDAE 

Genus CANCELLARIA Lamarck, 1799 

Type (by monotypy) : Vol1.tta 1·etimtlata Linne. 

Holocene, Southeastern United States and vVest Indies 

(Warmke and Abbott, 1961). 

Cancellaria is represented by more species, 17, than 

any other gastropod genus in the l(ern River Miocene. 

Whereas only one species occurs in assemblages from 

the lower Miocene Jewett Sand, by middle Miocene 

time the genus was flourishing with 16 species occurring in the upper part of the Olcese Sand and lower 

part of the Round Mountain Silt. Fifteen of the species 

are placed in seven named subgenera; the other two 

are not classified subgenerically. More than half of 

the J(ern River cancellariids are included in the subgenus Euclia. 

The strong representation of cancellariids in the 

J(ern River middle Miocene is comparable to the number of species reported from a Miocene formation in 

Columbia by Stevenson (in Marks, 1949). Cancellariids 

are abundantly represented in the modern fauna of 

the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. J(een (1958a) lists 

34 species from the Panamic-Pacific faunal province, 

which extends from the Gulf of California to Peru. 

The diversification of this characteristically warmwater genus in middle Miocene strata of the l(ern 

River area is therefore one of the important reasons 

for interpreting subtropical to tropical marine environment during during deposition of the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand and the Round 1\{ountain Silt. 

The sudden flood of species and appearance of many 

subgeneric units in the upper part of the Olcese Sand 

and the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt is 

also of potential chronologie significance as a hallmark 

of the 1\1iddle Miocene "Temblor Stage" of the Pacific. coast megafauna! chronology of 'Veaver and 
106 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

others ( 1944). In California, for example, only three 

cancellariids are reported frmn strata assigned to the 

lower Miocene "Vaqueros Stage:" Cancellaria condoni . 

Anderson (Repenning and Vedder, 1961); C. dalliana 

Anderson (Loel and Corey, 1932) ; and C. galei n. sp. 

A similar ratio of late Oligocene or early Miocene 

species to middle l\1iocene species occurs in Oregon 

and Washington. One species has been recorded from 

the Yaquina Formation of northwestern Oregon, Cancellaria n. sp. ~ .Addicott (1966), whereas seven have 

been ·reported from the middle Miocene Astoria Formation (Etherington, 1931; Moore, 1963). 

An attempt is made ·to group species into ·the subgenera used by Marks ( 1949) and J{een ( 1958a) for 

tropical species of l\1iocene and Holocene age, respectively. 'Vherever possible, the well-established 

Recent subgeneric names from the Pm1amic molluscan 

province of the eastern Pacific Ocean have been 

utilized. As in many other intricately sculptured 

genera, subgeneric classification poses an extremely 

difficult problem, and the end result may be more artificial than real. Species recognition is no less a problem, although m~ny of the cancellariids are represented. by populations that are sufficiently abundant 

to study ind~vidual variation, thereby permitting 

fairly co!1fident .definition of species: Others are represente~ by only a few specimens and consequently 

are less well defined in terms of variation. The greatest 

problem of species recognition occurs in the subgenus 

Euclia, which includes more than half of the J{ern 

River cancellariids. The species Caiwellaria condoni, 

C. circu/Jnspinosa: C. dalliana C. si1nplex, and C. 

.ioaqttinensis~ for example, might seem to form an 

intergradational species complex, with C. condoni at 

one extreme and 0. joaquinensis at the other, because 

differences between adjacent species in the grouping 

seem rather fine. But whereas 0. dalliana and C. simplex 

are sometimes difficult to differentiate, C. condoni and 

C. si1nplex are clearly distinct and separable. Similar 

comparisons can be made between other adjecent and 

once or twice removed species in this apparent series. 

Possibly we could be dealing with hybrid populations, 

but this is difficult to determine when working with 

fossils. The species of Anderson ( 1905) and Anderson 

and Martin (1914) seem, f01~ the most part, to be 

valid, although recognition of some is hampered by 

the loss of certain types during the San Francisco 

earthquake and fire of 1906, and differentiation of C. 

condoni from C. dalliana was made difficult by an unfortunate mixing of specimens figured in the 1914 

report. · 

The restricted stratigraphic occurrence of many 

species of Cancellaria is of particular interest, inasmuch as California Miocene mollusks are characteristically much longer ranging. Distinctive species such as 

Oancellaria sanjosei, C. keenae, C. dalli, and C. po8'1.tnculen8i8 occur abundantly at only a few localities that 

define a limited stratigraphic interval. 

Subgenus EUCLIA H. and A. Adams, 1854 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1899) : 

Cancellaria cassidifonnis Sowerby. Holocene, Gulf of 

California to Peru. 

Recognition of E·uclia as a tropical American cancellariid subgenus dates from Olsson's definitive discussion (1932, p. 157-158) of its typology. It was 

originally described as a low-spired, smooth taxon by 

H. and A. Adams ( 1858, p. 277), who included four 

species but failed to designate a type. Cossmann's 

subsequent designation of one of these as the type 

( 1899) fixed Euclia as a strongly sculptured, spinose 

taxon. He, however, placed Euclia in the synonymy of 

Cancellaria s. s. Olsson included one California species 

in Euclia, C. tritonidea Gabb. Subsequently, Moore 

( 1963, p. 45) assigned five Miocene species to this subgenus: C. condoni Anderson, C. dalliana Anderson, C. 

oregonensis Conrad, C. JJacifica Anderson, and 0. 

shnplex Anderson. 

About half of the l{ern River cancellariids are assigned to Etwlia. Species such as C. vetusta, C. pacifica, and C. joaquinensis fit rather comfortably in this 

subgenus. Others included in Euclia, such as C. condoni, 

C. dall'l~ana: and C. oregonensis, and analogous tropical 

Miocene and Holocene species (Marks, 1949 ; J{een, 

1958a; Olsson, 1964), are less clearly related to the 

type on account of their angular, turreted spire and 

strong axial sculpture. The apparent morphologic continuum between the high-spired, axially sculptured 

species such as C. condoni and robust, low-spired 

forms such as 0. vetusta that closely resemble the type 

of Euclia suggests that Euelia does indeed embrace a 

wide assortment of species. Nearly all of the Kern 

River species are spinose. Their sculpture varies, however, from predominately axial in some for1ns to 

spiral in others and the shell itself from rotund to 

slender and turreted. 

Key to Miocene species of Eucliafrom the Kern River area 

1. Spire consisting of several shouldered whorls, 

noded or with axial ribs_________________ 2 

Spire, dome shaped, smooth __ Cancellariajoaquinensis 

2. Body whorl sculptured by axial ribs, moderately to strongly shouldered____________ 3 

Body whorl with only spiral sculpture, convex 

or with a faint shoulder __________ C. nevadensis 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 107 

Key to AHocenc species of Euclin.from the Kern River area-Con. nodes on the upper angle of the whorls; inner lip 

3. Spired sculpture of primary cords __________ _ 4 crusted, bearing 2 spiral folds on the columella. 

S1.tpplementary desoription.-Shell of small to Spiral sculpture of primary and secondary cords ________________________________ _ 

4. Subsutural shoulder moderat~ly inclined, 

bearing blunt spines______________ C. condoni 

5 medium size. Spire short, consisting of· about four 

strongly tabulate whorls. Profile of penultimate whorl 

defines a right angle, surface sculptured by about 11 

slightly retractive axial ribs that become obsolete 

above angulation and five spiral ribs of lesser strength 

below angulation. Body whorl large. with very gently 

sloping profile abo've the angulation and a nearly verSubsutural shoulder almost horizontal, bearing sharp spines ______________ C. circumspinosa 

5. Body whorl sculptured by alternating prinlary and secondary ribs; shoulder relatively 

na.rro'v __________ ------- _--------------

Upper part of body whorl sculptured by 

groups of two or 1nore secondary ribs alter6 tical segment below. Sculptured by about 11 very 

strong axial varices tl}at form .spines with excavated 

bases at angulation. Spiral sculpture n1ore subdued, 

in larger specimens both pt)imary and secondary cords 

present. Aperture alongate-ovate, inner lip incrusted 

with a heavy callus that spreads across parietal wall. 

nating with primaries; shoulder broad, 

moderately inclined______________ C. dalliana 

6. Spiral sculpture sharp, emphasized by deep 

in tersp aces _______ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Spiral sculpture subdued, interspaces shallow_ 

7. Axial ribs weakly developed on shoulder of 

body whorl; spiral sculpture of cl?sely 

7 : Columellar wall vertical. Umbilicus subperforate, 

8 bordered by a strong, broadly spiraling siphonal 

fasciole. 

spaced prin1ary and secondary rib.s ___ .C. ocoyana 

. Axial ribs strongly developed on shoulder ... of 

body whorl; spiral sculpture of relatively 

coarse pritnary and secondary cords_ G. oregonensis 

8. Body whorl compressed; shoulder weakly 

noded, narrow ________________ - ___ ..:- 0. pacifica 

Body whorl broad; shoulder usually strongly 

noded, much broader ______________ C. simplex 

Cancellaria (Euclia) condoni Anderson 

Plate 13, figures l-5, 10; plate 14, figure 10 

Oa.nocllaria, concloni Anderson, 1905, California Acad. ·Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 200; [in part], pl. 15, fig. 49 [not pl. 15, 

fig. GO ( = Oanccllm·ia 1.·a.moncnsis Clarl{, 1918) ]. 

Anderson and l\fnrtin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Pro~., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 86, pl. 8, figs. 8n, b, c, d. 

'Venver, 1942, Washington UniY. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. G, p. 506, pi: 96, figs. 5, 6. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 36. 

oa.nccllm·ia llallian(t C01Uloni (Anderson) I r ... oel and Corey, 1932, 

CaliforJlin Univ., Dept.. Geol. s.ci. Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, 

p. 171. 

Omwclla1'ia (Euclia) o1·cgoncnsis Conrad, l\Ioore, 1963, U.S. 

Geol. SmTey Prof. Paper 419, p. 45 [in part], pl. 9, 

fig. 22 [not figs. 15-17, 19-21, 23]. 

Cancellaria. vcstusta [vctusta.] Gnbb, Clarl.:, 1929, Stratigraphy 

nnd faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, 

pl. 29, figs. 16, 17. 

O'riginal desO?'ilJtion.-Shell of moderate size, 1-11/2 

inches in length, lh-~4. inch wide; spire high; whorls 

angular, slightly sloping above; surface ornamented 

with strong revolving lines, with wide interspaces, 

crossed by strong varical ridges forming tubercular 

· Lectotype: California Acad. Sci. 67 (designated as "type" by 

Clark (1918, p. 186). 

'l'ypc locality: In the vicinity of Bar~er's Ranch [headquarters formerly near the cente.r of sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle]. This at:td other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, p. 187) . 

Oanoella1ia oondoni is represented by only a few 

specimens in ·collections from the l(ern River district. 

Some workers (Loel and :corey, 1932, p. 171, 239) 

have· considered 0. oondoni ·to be a variant of 0. 

dalliana of 'Anderson ( 1905, pl. 15, figs. 39-42): It has 

been relatively easy, ho\vever, to separate the few 

adlilt and intermediate size specimens of 0. oondoni 

from the extremely abundant specimens of 0. dalliana 

in several large collections fr01n the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand near the type locality of these species. 

On the penultimate whorl of 0. oondoni, the angulation occurs near the top of the whorl and approaches 

a right angle; on 0. dalliana the angulation is obtuse 

and near the midpoint of the whorl. The segment of 

the body whorl above the angulation of 0. oondoni ·is 

much less strongly inclined than on 0. dalliana. The 

aperture of Oanoellm·ia oondoni has a nearly vertical 

columellar lip,which on larger specimens is bordered 

by a strong callus. On 0. dalliana the basal segment 

of the columella is reflected to the left. Other features 

by which 0. oondoni can be differentiated from 0. 

dalliana are the large siphonal fasciole, the less spinose 

angulation, and the lack of very fine secondary spiral 

sculpture on the upper half of the body whorl. Juvenile specimens (less than about 10 mm) present the 

greatest ·difficulty in distinguishing these species because the strong subsutural slope of 0. dalliana is not 

clearly developed until the later stages of growth. 
108 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Strongly sculptured cancellariids that bear some 

resemblance to both Cancellaria condoni and (J. dalliana (p1. 14, figs. 1, 2, 6, 7, 16) are here included in a 

newly named species, C. circun1spinosa. This species 

has strong spiral cords similar to cords on C. condoni 

but markedly fewer in number. Its greater subsutural 

slope, strongly spinose whorl angulation, broad body 

whorl, and weak siphonal fasciole permit discrimination from C. condoni. 

Recently Cancellaria condoni has been included, with 

C. dalliana, in the synonymy of C. oregonensis Conrad 

(Moore, 1963, p. 45), a poorly known species long 

considered to be a T1·iclwtropis (Dall, 1909, p. 77-78; 

Weaver, 1942, p. 388). The holotype of C. oregonensis 

Conrad is an incomplete external mold. A latex cast 

of the holotype (Moore, 1963, pl. 9, fig. 16) seems closer 

to C. dalliana than to C. condoni. Because other specimens of C. oregonensis Coiu·ad from the Astoria Formation figured by Moore ( 1963, pl. 9, figs. 15, 17, 19, 

23) appear to differ significantly from both C. dalliana 

and C. condoni, Conrad's species is here considered 

separate and distinct. 

Specimens figured by Clark ( 1929, pl. 29, figs. 16, 17) 

as Cancellaria vetusta Gabb are rephotographs of two 

of Anderson and Martin's figures of C. condoni (1914, 

pl. 8, figs. 8b and 8c) . 

Specimens tentatively identified as Cancellaria condoni by Arnold. (1907, pl. 40, fig. 9 [refigured by 

Eldridge and Arnold, 1907, pl. 27, fig. 9]) and Woodring and others ( 1946, p1. 28, fig. 8) are closer to C. 

oregonensis (Conrad) than to C. condoni. Both have 

a less strongly tabulate profile than C. condoni and 

axial ribs that continue posteriorly from the angulation to the suture. Furthermore, the spiral ribbing of 

these specimens· does not change across the angulation, as in C. condoni. 

Cancellariids from the upper Miocene Modelo Formation of the eastern Ventura basin that were identified as Cancellaria condoni by Da viess (in Oakeshott, 

.1_95~; UCLA loc. 2018) are misidentified specimens of 

C. hmnphilli Dall, a late Miocene to Pliocene .species. 

Distt'ib?ttion and stratigraphic occurrence: .Lower ::\Iiocene: 

Painted ~ock Sandstone l\fember of Vaqueros Formation of 

Hill, Carlso·n, and Dibblee (1.958), Calie.nte Ran.ge CRepenning 

and Vedder, 1961). l\Iiddle l\Iiocene: middle faunal zone of 

Monterey Group, ,vestern Contra Costa County ·cMei:riam in 

Lawson, 1914) ; Temblor Formation, La Panza Range (An~:lerson and :Martin, 1914) ;· Saltos Shale ~le1i1ber ot·l\IOI~terey 

Shale of Hill, Carlson, and D~bblee , ( 1958), Caliente Range 

(Repenning and Vedder, 1961) ; .Topanga Formation-Santa 

Monica Mountains (Gra.nt in' Sop.er, 1938; Susuld, ~951), San 

.Toaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958, Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder and 'Vo.odring, -lmpub. data), 1953, cf. San 

Onofre Breccia, ,.northwes~ern Peninsular Range (\Voodford, 

1925, cf.). · 

Range: Lower l\Iiocene to middle Miocene . 

.Localities: Middle })art of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698 ?. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\l1597, cf. l\11599, l\11600, cf. 

l\U601, ::\11602 ; UCl\IP B1600, B1601, cf B1622, B1624, cf. 

B1641, ?:\!1698. Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS 6068, 6622, 6623, 

?l\!1604, cf. l\11608; UCl\IP B1618. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) dalliana Anderson 

Plate 13, figures 7, 9, 12, 14; plate 14, figures 3, 11 

Cancellaria daniana. Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 199, pl. 15, figs. 39, 40-42. 

Anderson and l\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, pl. 8, figs. lb, c, d [not fig. la]. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 29, figs. 6-9, 12 [not fig. G]. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Unh·., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 171. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. Histor;\' Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 36. 

Addicott, 196G, U.S. Geol. Sun·ey Prof. Paper 52G-C, p. lOG, 

fig. 4h. 

Original description.-Shell of moderate size, fusiform; spire high and angular; whorls angular and 

spinose; columella thickly crusted within in old speciInens; surface marked with strong varical ridges and 

lines, the ridges rising in thin edges on the upper 

surface of the body whorl. The lower part of the body 

whorl is ornamented with strong revolving lines with 

wide interspaces in which there are usually 1-3 secondary lines. The canal notch is not shown. 

Supplementary description.-Small to medium, 

spinose, with variable spiral sculpture. Spire of about 

four whorls, the lowest of which has a spinose angulation near the midpoint. Spiral sculpture relatively 

finer above angulation than below on penultimate 

whorl. Subsutural slope of body whorl gently concave, 

sculptured by fine, closely spaced spiral cords and 

occasional varical ridges near aperture. Below shoulder, sets of as many as eight secondary spirals alternate with primary spirals, secondaries becoming relatively fewer in number and primaries relatively stronger toward base. Axial sculpture consists of nine to 12 

folds that become spinose at angulation and are 

somewhat nodose at intersection with primary spirals 

below. In larger specimens, axials become varicose near 

aperture. Aperture slightly greater than one-half 

··length of shell, columellar and parietal walls encrusted 

with heavy callus. Lower part of columellar wall reflected to left. Siphonal fasciole nearly obscured by 

callus. Columellar plaits usually not vis.ible In 

apertural view. 

Types: Syntypes prohahly lost in San Francisco fire of.1906. 

Type locality: In the Yicinity of Barl.:er's Rancl,l [headquarters formerly near the center of sec. r., T. 2!) S:, R. 2!) E., 

Bal.:ersfif'ld quadrangl€']. This and other newly described 

species were collected "chiefty north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, p. 187). 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 109 

Ncotmw: Cnlifornin Acnd. Sci. 199, here designated with 

ntlllrovnl of A. M. Keen (ornl commnn., 1967). Previous neotype designntion of Keen nnd Bentson (1944, p. 138) of CAS 

198 hen~ rejected Llecnuse of nonconformance with rules of 

zoological nomN1clntnre (Jnternnt. Comm. Zool. Nomenclature 

1961), I 

Ncot1mc looalitu: QAS GG, west hnnk of small canyon 114 

miles 110rthenst of Hnrl~er's rnnchhouse [probnhly snme as 

UCl\lP Bllif-16; uenr ce11ter of NW% SE% sec. 32, T. 28 S., 29 

lD., Rio ·nrnvo Rnnch qnndrnngle]. Utlper vnrt of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Anderson's type material (1905, pl. 15, figs. 39-42) 

was lost or destroyed during the 1906 San Francisco 

earthquake and fire. Subsequently Anderson and Martin ( 1914, p. 86, pl. 8, figs. la-d) figured additional 

specimens o:f Oancella1·la dalliana "to illustrate its 

variation and to point out more clearly the characters 

by which it may be distinguished :from the new species 

of Oancella1•ia that arc here described." Four addit~onal specimens of 0. condoni were figured at that 

tnne, but a syntype that survived the 1906 holocaust 

w.as not. Clark (1918, p. 186-187) subsequently recognized that one of Anderson and l\{artin's figures of 0. 

dalliana (1914, pl. 8, fig. 1a) and one of the original 

syntypes of 0. condoni (Anderson, 1905 pl. 15, fig. 50) 

represented a distinct species, which he named 0. 

1··anwnen,sis on. the basis of material from the San 

Ramon Sandstone of Contra Costa County. These two 

figures are so similar (the earlier one is a line drawing) that it seems possible they are one and the same 

specimen. In any event, both figures are distinct from 

Anderson's original concept of 0. dalliana. Apparently 

Clark's realization that these specimens were of a 

different species than other figured specim.ens of 0. 

dalliana and 0. condoni has gone unnoticed by subsequent w~rkers, for later I<:een and Bentson ( 1955, p. 

138) des1gnated one of these misidentified specimens 

(Anderson and l\{artin, 1914, pl. 8, fig. Sa) as the neotyp.e of 0. dall~an.a. A~ noted by Moore (1963, p. 45), 

the1r neotype 1s 1dentlcal to 0. o1•egonemis Conrad. 

Accordingly, the neotype designation has the effect of 

making 0. dalliana a. synonyn1 of 0. o1•egonemis, yet 

Anderson's original figures (1905) and three· of the 

:four ~pecimens subsequently figured by Anderson. and 

l\{arbn (1914) are of a uniquely sculptured species 

that is clearly distinct from 0. O'l'egonensis. Accordingly, l(ee~l and Bentson's neotype designation (1944) is 

here reJected, because it does not meet the criteria :for 

designation of neotypes :\S set forth in the International 

Code o:f Zoological Nomenclature (Internat. Comm. 

Zool. Nomenclature, 1961, art. 75b). An alternative 

neotype that adequately ch:lracterizes this :lbui1dant 

distinctively sculptured species from the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand (Anderson and Martin, 1914, pl. 8, 

fig. 8b) is designated with the approval of A. M. I<:een 

373-855 0'-70-8 

(oral commun. 1967). (See also discussion m1der 

Cancellaria (E1.telia) O'l'egonensis Conrad.) 

'Vhat are here considered typical specimens of 

0 ancellaria dalliana from the general type area on the 

north side of the I<:ern River near the [former] headquarters of Barker's Ranch are clearly distinct frmn 

other cancellariids in the I<:ern River district. Unique 

characters are the strongly spinose angulation, the 

long, concave slope above the angulation sculptured by 

very fine spiral cords, and the characteristic alternation of groups of secondary spiral cords and individual 

primary cords below the angulation. These features 

are fairly well illustrated by one of the two orirrinal . . b 

speCJmens of 0. dalliana figured by Anderson ( 1905, 

pl. 15, figs. 39, 40). The distinctive intercalation of 

several secondary spirals between primaries on the 

body whorl described by Anderson ( 1905, p. 199) 

clearly fixes the original concept of 0. dalliana and 

permits ready discrimination from the similar species 

0. condoni and 0. circun~Jspinosa. 

Loel and Corey's figured specitnens of Cancellaria 

dalliana ( 1932, pl. 47, figs. 12, 13) do not represent 

this species. Both ·are so poorly preserved that identification at the species level must be considered doubtful. 

One specimen (pl. 47, fig. 12), a cast of an apparently 

deformed fragmentary external mold, has strong axial 

ribs that continue across the angulation from suture 

to suture. This specimen seems to be closer to 0. 

oregonen.sis ·Conrad than to any other species. A second specimen is herein doubtfully identified as 0. 

nevadens'ls Anderson and Martin. 

Young specimens of Cancellaria dalliana are difficult to distinguish from 0. condoni. The critical size 

is about 10 mm, a point in growth above which specimens of 0. dalliana ordinarily develop characteristic 

secondary spirals and differentiation of the subsutural 

slope becomes apparent. Adult specimens of 0. dalliana 

are very abundant at localities near the top of the 

Olcese Sand. Features by which this species can. be 

differentiated from adult specimens of the less abundant 0. condoni are the spinose whorls, n1oderate subsutural slope, unique body-whorl sculpture, and less 

elongate shell. 

Records of this species listed below are of specimens 

originally identified as 0. dalliana. Although it is 

assumed that they correspond to Anderson's original 

.description and figures (1905), it is entirely possible 

that other species such as 0. condoni may be represented because of the variable concepts of 0. dalliana. 

A ]ate l\iiocene record of Oancellm·ia dalliana fron1 

the Modelo Formation of the eastern Ventura basin 

(Daviess in Oakeshott, 1958) is a misidentification. 

Specimens in the stratigraphic collection from UCLA 
110 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

locality 2018 from Gorman Canyon, Los Angeles 

County, Calif., labeled 0. dalliana are identical to C. 

ocoyana Addicott, n. sp. 

Dist1·ibttUon and stratigraphic occttrrcnce: Middle Miocene: 

Monterey Shale, western Napa County ('Veaver, 1949), 

Monterey Group, western Contra Costa County ('Veaver, 

1949) ; Oursan Sandstone, Alameda County (Hall, 1958) ; 

Temblor Formation-Reef Ridge (Adegoke, 1967), La Panza 

Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914, Loel and Corey, 1932) ; 

Topanga ]!.,ormation-Santa Monica Mountains (Grant in 

Soper, 1938; 'Voodring in Hoots, 1931; Susuki, 1951), San 

.Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958 cf.). 

Range: Middle Miocene. , 

LocaliUes: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6~23, '6624, 

cf. l\11!J96-M1598, ?l\H604; UCMP B1586, B1587, B1593, B1598, 

Bl59'9, cf. B1623. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) circumspinosa Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 14, figures 1, 2, 6, 7, 16 

Small, moderately low spired with a gently sloping 

subsutural tabulation. Protoconch smooth for one and 

a half whorls. Spire turreted, sculpture predominately 

axial, whorl angulation near posterior quarter line. 

Body whorl large, spinose, base constricted into slender 

neck. Subsutural shelf sculptured by about seven very 

fine spiral threads and indistinct axial ridges. Below 

angulation, spiral sculpture consists of prominent, 

widely spaced cords that become nodose at intersection 

with axial ridges. One, occasionally two, secondary 

spiral threads occur between spinose angulation and 

adjacent spiral cord. Primary spirals 'veaken and 

secondary threads are regularly developed near base of 

body whorl interspaces. Inner apertural lip thinly 

callused. Columella with two moderately inclined 

folds. Anterior canal· short, inclined to the left. 

Height 18.8 mm, width (almost complete) .. 11.5 mm. 

'l'ypc: U.S. Natl Mus. 650187. 

Type locality: USGS l\11608, Olcese Boy Scout: Camp, ·at base 

of bluff on south bank of Kern River, 3,200 feet south, .1_,1~0 

feet west of NE. cor. sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio.Bravo ltanch 

quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain .Silt, · mfddle l\iio- t ·, • 

cene. 

This is a strongly sculptured cancellariid characterized by very spinose whorls, strong primary spiral 

cords, and a few weak secondary· spiral tJ1reads .. In 

profile, 0 ancellaria circumspinosa is similar to 0. 

dalliana but its subsutural slope is somewhat shorter 

and less strongly inclined. The spiral sculpture of 

coarse primary ribs is distinct from 0. dalliana. From 

specimens of C. oregonen8i8 that were originally figured 

as 0. condoni Anderson (1905, pl. 15, fig. 50) and 0. 

dalliana Anderson (Anderson and Martin, 1914, pl. 8, 

fig. 1a) and later transferred to 0. ranwnen8is Clark 

(1918), 0. circumspino8a differs .by its more strongly 

sloping subsutural profile, extremely spinose angulation, fewer axial ribs that become obsolete above the 

angulation, and slender body whorl. 

Cancellaria condoni has a similar profile to 0. ci11

-

cumA3pinosa but the sculpture is coarser, ·the angulation 

more spinose, and the spiral ribs fewer in number on 

the penultimate and body whorls. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. l\:ll596 

cf., Ml601, l\1:1602, l\11693; UCMP locs. B1596 "?, cf. B1603, 

B1624, B1753. Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 3886, 6623, 

M1608, M1612; UCl\IP Joe. B1618. . 

Cancellaria (Euclia) ocoyana Addicott, n. sp. 

Pl~te 14~ figures 4, 5, 8, 9; plate 16, figure 20 

· Of medium. size, stout, with a moderately high, 

turrete<;l spire consisting of five whorls including 

nucleoconch. Penultimate whorl strongly shouldered, 

sculptured by about 12 slightly retractive axial ribs 

that become weak above angulation. Body whorl convex below spinose angulation, subsutural slope gently 

concave. Sculptured by fine, evenly spaced spiral cords 

above angulation and closely spaced alternating primary and secondary spirals below. Axial ribs prominent and regularly spaced on first part of body whorl, 

but weaken and become more randomly spaced on final 

part. They become weak above spinose angulation and 

disappear before reaching suture. Aperture broken on 

type, on other specimens greater than half height of 

shell. Outer lip thin, columellar lip encrusted by thick 

callus that spreads outward onto parietal wall, the 

distal part descending almost vertically to base of 

columella. Columellar plaits narrow, nearly concealed 

from view in apertural orientation. 

Height (almost complete) 26.5 mm, 'vidth ( incomplete) 17.5 mm (holotype). 

Type: Califor.nia Univ. l\Ius. Paleontology 33484 .. 

Type locality: UCl\iP B1618, mouth of f?.rst gully on north 

side of Kern River east of section line fence, SW1,4 SW:tA, sec. 

34, T. 28 S., R. 29 ·E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. fjo,·ver 

part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This species is most closely allied to Cancellaria 

rwynoocheen.Y'is vVeaver (1916, ~p. 50-51, pl. 4, figs. 51-

54) and 0. 011egonensis Conrad from the .. Astoria Formation in Oregon and · 'Vashington. Its stout body 

w hor I and sharp subsutural tabulation are similar to 

the northern species. The sculpture is close to that of 

0. 1oynoocheensis, but the broader, more inclined subsutural slope, spinose angulation, and coarser, more 

widely spaced axial sculpture permit discrimination 

from the species from 'V ashington. . 

Cancellaria ocoyana can be differentiated from C. 

condoni by the less strongly tabulate whorls, regularly 

alternating primary and secondary spiral -ribs, and 

the ge.ntly convex profile of the stout body whorl. C. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 111 

clalliana has a different pattern of spiral sculpture 

n.ncl a very long, strongly inclined subsutural slope .. 

Two immature specimens from the upper part of 

the Olcese Sand (USGS loc. M:l597 and UC~1P loc. 

B1598) have early growth stages that lack axial sculpture. On these specimens· (pl. 14, figs. 8, 9; pl. 16, fig. 

20) the appearance of axial sculptui·e is clehtyecl until 

development of the fourth whorl, at which point the 

characteristic alternating primary and secondary sculpture also appears. 

Distribntion anll 8tratirJraphio occurrences: Middle :Miocene: 

~l'ormngn ]'ormation, central Snnta :\lonicn :\lountnins, Calif. 

(USGS loc. l\ll07G). Upper Miocene: Modelo Formntion of 

Onl~eshott (lOGS), eastern Ventura hnsin (UCI.1A loc. 2018). 

.nan{lc: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Lower pnrt of Olcese Snnd, USGS :\UG!)3; UC:\IP 

H1046. l\Iiddle part of Olcese Snnd, USGS :\116!)8 cf. Uvt)er 

r•n rt of Olcese Snnd, T;Cl\IP B1G08, cf. lUG!)!). Lower ll:ll't of 

Round 1\lonntn in Silt, USGS l\11608, l\11612, cf. :\11613. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) oregonensis Conrad 

Plnte 14, figure 12; plate l(i, figure 23 

Urmnmed figure. Conrad, 184!), U.S. EX})loring Ext)ed., Geology, 

v. 10, Atlas, pl. 20, fig. 8. 

Canocllaria.P 01'CfJOncnsis Conrad, 1865, Am . .Tour. Conchology, 

v. 1, p. 1o1. 

Cancellaria, orcrJoncnsis Conrad, Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Pnper 419, p. 45 [in pnrt], pl. 9, figs. 15-17, 

19-21, 23 [not fig. 22]. 

'l'riohotropis orcgoncns'i.<; (Conrad), Dull, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper G9, p. 77-78. 

'Venver, 1942, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

Y. G, p. 388, pl. 76, fig. 13. 

Canccllm·ia. conaoni Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 200 [in part], 1)1. 15, fig. 50 [not fig. 49]. 

'!Oancclla·ria. cf. C. condoni Anderson, Arnold, 1907, U.S. Natl. 

Mus. Proc., v. 32, no. 1545, p. G41, 1)1. 40, fig. 9. 

lCldriclge nnd Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. Suney Bull. 309, 

}ll. 27, fig. 9. 

'Voodrlng, ,V. P., Bramlette, M. N., and Kew, ,V, S. "\V., 

1946, U.S. Geol. Survey Pro~. Paper 207, pl. 28, fig. 8. 

Cancellaria. (lalliana Anderson, Anderson and :Martin, 1914, 

Cnliforniu Acnd. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 86 [in part], 

pl. 8, fig. 1n; [not figs. 1h, c, d]. 

Clnrk, 1:)29, Stratigraphy nnd fnunal horizons of the Coast 

Rnnge~ of California, 1)1. 20, fig. G [not figs. 6-9, 12]. 

Cancellaria. ·ramoncnsis Clarl~, 1918, Cnlifornia Univ., Dept. 

Geology Hn11., v. 11, no. 2, p. 18('.-187, pl. 23, fig. 7. 

Keen, 1043, Snn Diego Soc. Nnt. HistoQ~ 1.'rnns., v. 10, no. 

2, l). 36. 

Cancellaria. anclcrsoni Clnrl~, 1918, California. Univ., Det)t. 

Geology Bull., v. 11, no. 2, l)l. 23, fig. 4. 

'1'1mc: U.S. Nntl. l\luseum 3554. 

1.'mw looa.lit?J: Astorin, Oreg. Astoria l!"'orrnn tion, Miocene. 

'l~ype of Cancellaria. ramoncn8is Clark: California Unh·. l\:Ins. 

Pnl~ontology 11237. 

'l'1J1>G locality: UCMP 1131, half a mile southwest of town 

of 'Vnlnut .Creel~ in creek bed about 100 yards to east of OakInncl nnd. Antioch hr.idgt?, a-ltitude 150. feet,· :Contra. Costa· 

County, Calif. 

Tyt)e of Cancellaria andcr8oni Clark: California Univ. l\lus. 

Paleontology 11235. 

'l'1J1JC! locality: UCl\IP loc. 1309, on Santa Fe Railroac111_4 mile 

northeast of :Muir Station, altitude 150 feet, Contr:i. Costa 

County, Calif. 

A poorly preserved specimen frmn the upper part 

of the Olcese Sand is identified as Oancella'ria oregonensis. on the basis of its sculpture, tabulate subsutural slope, and sto:ut, convex body whorl. The spiral 

and axial sculpture are .closely comparable to specimens from the Astoria Formation of northwestern 

Oregon in collections at the U.S. National Museum. 

Two other figured specimens also seem to belong 

here. Clark (1918, p. 186-187) first noted that specimens from the l(ern River area originally identified 

as 0. condoni (Anderson, 1905, pl. 15, fig. 50) and 0. 

dalUana (Anderson and ~{artin, 1914, pl. 8, fig. 1a) 

represented still a different species which he named 

0. 1'amonensis. The former specimen is doubtfully inchlded in the synonymy of 0. oregonensis because it 

seems to be an immature specimen. It appears to be 

similar to a latex cast of the holotype of 0. oregonensis 

figured by Moore (1963, pl. 9, fig. 16), but because the 

specimen was lost in the 1906 San Francisco fire, the 

relationship cannot be carefully evaluated. The relatively larger specimen figured as 0. dalliana by Anderson and Martin (1914) is clearly referable to 0. 

o1·egonensis because of its stout body whorl and gently 

convex subsutural shelf sculptured by strong axial 

ribs. This is the specimen that J(een and Bentson 

(1944) designated as the neotype of 0. dalliana, an action that is herein rejected ( p. 109). 

There is some confusion surrounding Clark's Oancella?·ia ranwnensls from the San Ramon Sandstone of 

Contra Costa County, Calif. This name does not appear on Clark's checklist ( 1918, p. 80). It seems possible that Clark intended to name the species 0. 

anderson·i, as suggested by a dedicatory' comment 

1918, (p. 186), but upon learning that this name was 

preoccupied in Oancella1•ia~ he substituted 0. ?'anwnensis in the systematic descriptioi1 but not on one of the 

plate descriptions (pl. 13, fig. 4) or on the checklist. 

Clark's statement in l(een and Bentson (1944, p. 138) 

that the specimen figured as 0. ande1·soni is actually 

0. sob1·antensis seems doubtful, as the specimens are 

not at all similar. The figure of 0. sobrantensis indicates that the type material is missing from the University of California type collections. The holotype of 

0. 1•anwnensis appears to be an immature specimen 

that has rather closely spaced, strong spiral ribs. The 

early whorls. are similar to those of the specimen 

figured as 0. andersoni .Clark (1918, pl.. 23, fig. 4) .. 

0. andersoni has sculpture similar to 0. oregonensis; 
112 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY~· 'KERN RIVER''AREA, CALIFORNIA 

therefore, both names are included in the synonymy 

of that species. 

0. oregonensis has a less strongly tabulate, stouter 

body whorl than Oancella'ria condoni in addition to 

alternating primary and secondary spiral ribs and 

coarse axial ribs that are well developed above the 

angulation. 0. ocoyana is more spinose, has a more 

strongly inclined subsutural slope, and much finer 

spiral sculpture. The spiral sculpture of the closely 

related cancellariid from the Astoria Formation of 

Washington, 0. wynoocheensis Weaver,is much finer 

than that of 0. oregonensis. 

Problems of recognition of this species resulted from 

the poorly illustrated fragmentary type specimen, an 

incomplete external mold. The proper generic placement of Cancellaria oregonensis was obscured for many 

years following Dall's diagnosis (1909, p. 77-78) of 

this specimen as. a Trichotropis. It was identified as a 

cancellariid and documented by adequate figures by 

Moore (1963, p. 45, pl. 9, figs. 15-17, 19, 23). 

An incomplete cast of a cancellariid figured as 

Cancellaria cf. 0. condoni by Woodring and others 

( 1946, pl. 40, fig. 9) fron1 the middle Miocene part of 

the Altamira Shale Member of the Monterey Shale 

is very close to C. oregonensis, the principal difference 

being its more slender and somewhat higher spire. A 

poorly preserved specimen figured by Arnold ( 1907, 

pl. 40, fig. 9) as Oancella'ria cf. C. condoni is referred 

to C. oregonensis with less certainty, although the 

sculpture is fairly similar. 

Cancellaria vetusta Gabb (Stewart, 1927, p. 412-413, 

pl. 31, figs. 1, 1a) may belong here. The strength and 

pattern of spiral sculpture on the body whorl is similar 

to that of 0. oregonensis, as are the strong axial ribs 

that persist from suture to suture on the penultimate 

whorl. What seems to be an important difference is 

the fairly long, concave subsutural slope of the body 

whorl on Stewart's lectotype. The possibility that this 

is the species that Clark (1918) figured as 0. ram.onensis and C. andersoni was recognized by Stewart. 

Distribution and stratigraphic ocmtrrcncc: Lower l\liocene( ?) : San Ramon Sandstone, Contra Costa County, Calif. 

(Clark, 1918; "reaver, 1953). l\Iiddle l\Iiocene: Astoria Formation-southwestern 'Vashington and coastal Oregon (Moore, 

1963) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range, Calif. (.T. G. Vedder, 

written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation, Santa 

·Monica Mountains (Arnold, 1907; Eldridge and Arnold, 1907) ; 

Altamirn Shale l\fember of Monterey Shale, Palos Verdes Hills 

(Woodring and others, 1946). 

Ran.rJc: Lower l\Hocene ( ? ) to middle Miocene. 

Localities: r .. ower part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\f1593. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, .UCMP B1641 ; CAS 65. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) simplex Anderson 

Plate 14, figures 13-Ui, 17-21, 24, 25, 27 

Cancella·ria simplex Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 200, pl. 15, figs. 51, 52. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., De})t. Geol. Sci. 

BJill., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 36. 

Ca.nccllaria (Euclia) simplex Anderson, Clarl.:, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, pl. 29, figs. 15, 19. 

?Cancellaria pacifica Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 199 [in part], pl. 15, fig. 45, [not 

figs. 43, 44]. 

Cancellaria vet1tsta- Gabb, Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 396, p. 124, pl. 9, fig. 6. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 31, fig. 6. 

Original description.-Shell1noderate in size, simple 

and inconspicuously marked, resembling C. 1Jacifica, 

but having a less elevated spire, and generally shorter 

whorls. The spiral lines and longitudinal ridges are 

both more reduced and the width of the shell is greater. 

The inner lip is well crusted. The length of the largest 

shell found is nearly 2 inches. 

Supplementary description.-Medium to large, stout, 

low spired. Spire of about four whorls. Penultimate 

whorl with nodose angulation near midpoint. Body 

whorl large, with prominent tabulation above posterior 

one-quarter line. Profile concave above angulation, 

broadly convex below. Spiral sculpture of rounded 

primary and secondary cords separated by narrow 

interspaces. Axial sculpture usually restricted to nodes 

on angulation but on some specimens, weak rib segments of variable length continue downward and 

disappear above angulation, although in mo,ny specimens they may persist anteriorly toward the poorly 

defined basal angulation. Aperture large, subovate, 

about two-thirds length of shell. Inner lip encrusted 

with thick callus that spreads outward across body 

whorl and reaches upward to angulation. Columella 

straight; anterior canal short, open. Siphonaf fasciole 

obscured by callus. 

Syntypes: California Acad. Sci. 78, 79. 

'l'ypc localitJJ: In the vicinity of Barker's Ranch [headquarters formerly near the center of sec. 5, ~r. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakesfield quadrangle]. This and other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, p. 187) . 

In profile Cancellaria simplew is intermediate between the high-spired C. dalliana and C. joaquinensis, 

which has a smooth, domelike spire.· The sculpture of 

C. simplew differs considerably from that of 0. dalliana, which it most closely resembles. The spiral rib-

.. bing of 0. ,simplew is subdued and, where best devel-
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 113 

oped, consists of flattened, closely spaced cords that 

alternate in strength. The profile of the spire of C. 

sint7Jlew is convex on the earliest. whorls but becomes 

subtabulate on the final whorl. On C. dalliana, the 

profile of early whorls is strongly tabulate. 

Oancella1·ia lJacifica, a species with which Anderson 

(1905, p. 200) compared C. simplew, is a relatively 

slender, more strongly sculptured cancellariid with a 

moderately high, tabulate whorl profile. Although 

belonging to the same subgenus, it seems less closely 

related to this species than C. dalliana and 0. joaq~tine'ltSis. 

There is considerable variation in the development 

of axial sculpture and relative height of the spire in 

Cancella1·ia sin17Jlew. On a weakly sculptured form (pl. 

1.4, fig. 15) only the body whorl is nodP-d, the earlier 

whorls being evenly convex and sculptured only by 

fine spiral threads. On most specimens, however, axial 

sculpture is prominent on the penultimate whorl. The 

syntypes, and most of the specimens from USGS 

locality M1597, which is in the general area from which 

Anderson's odginal material (1905) was collected, 

have a moderately high spire and, except for the nodes 

on the body whorl, very weak axial sculpture. These 

specimens grade into others that have a relatively 

low spire, a much larger body whorl with a vertical 

profile below the angulation, and stronger axial sculpture. These :tre figured as "strongly sculptured form" 

(pl. 14, figs. 19, 20, 27). These specimens bear considerable resemblance to 0. veMtsta but can be easily 

distinguished from that species by their broader axial 

folds and much finer, more subdued spiral sculpture. 

Dist1·ibntion anll straU.g1·a1Jhic occurrence: Temblor Formation, Conlingn district (Arnold, 1909 [as Cancellaria vetu.sta] ; 

'Voodring ntHl others, 1940), La Pnnzn Range (Anderson and 

:\lnrtin, 1914; Loel nnd Corey, 1932) ; Topnngn Formation, 

Snntn Monicn Mountains (Grant in Soper, 1938; USGS loc. 

1\ll075). 

.Range: Middle :Miocene. 

.DocnU.Ucs: J.;ower pnrt of Olcese Snnd, USGS l\£1593 ?. Middle pnrt of Olcese Sand, USGS l\ll69S. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, USGS 6613 cf., 6H24, 6890, l\U597-:\l159H, l\£1601, l\11602, 

:\ll693, l\£1698; UCMP BHi86, B1587, B1598, B1599, B1603, cf. 

H1015, B16l6, B1622, B1624. Round l\lonntain Silt, USGS 

:\llOOG, cf. l\U606, l\11612. 

Cancellaria (Euclia) joaquinensis Anderson 

Plnte 14, figures 22, 23, 26; plate 15, figures 4, 5 

Canccllm·ia, joaqninen8i8 Anderson, 1905, Cnlifornia Acad. Sci. 

Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 199, pl. 15, figs. 46-48. 

T.;oel nnd Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, r•. 171. 

0Tiginal descri7Jtion.-Shell of moderate size, stout, 

and ovate; 1 inch or more in length and nearly as 

broad; spire medium or low, sloping evenly without 

conspicuous angles; shell thick; inner lip crusted; 

surface ornamented chiefly by revolving lines and 

interspaces, with finer secondary lines within; varical 

ridges weak, but forming on the upper angle of the 

body whorl a single circle of nodes. 

Type: California Acacl. Sci. 74. 

TY1JC locality: In the vicinity of Barker's Ranch [headquarters formerly near the center of sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle]. This and other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, }). 187) . 

This globose species is distinguished from Cancella1·ia si1nplew Anderson by its convex, domelike profile above the crown of spines encircling the upper part 

of the body whorl. The spiral sculpture of alternating 

primary and secondary cords is similar to that of 

C. lickana, but the noded body whorl, lack of a subsutural angulation, extensive parietal callus, and faint 

posterior apertural notch all permit ready discrimination from that species. The parietal callus covers more 

of the body whorl than in other species of CancellaTia 

from this area. In many specimens it spreads upward 

to the suture, and on some specimens (pl. 15, fig. 4) 

across part of the penultimate whorl. The callus is not 

as thick as on C. lickana, and there is no abnormal 

thickening of shell material at the juncture of the 

parietal wall and outer apertural lip. 

Among Holocene cancellariids, a moderately large 

species from the Panamic molluscan province of western North and South America, Cancellaria cassidiformis Sowerby (Tryon, 1885, pl. 1, fig. 1), is perhaps 

closest to this species. It differs from C. ,ioaquinensis 

by having a spinose spire, a more strongly sculptured 

body whorl, and a narrower wash of callus on the 

body whorl. 

The late Miocene Cancellaria 7Jabloensis Clark (1915, 

p. 503, pl. 68, figs. 9, 11) from the San Pablo Group 

of Contra Costa and Napa Counties seems to be a 

direct descendant of this species. Clark's type specimens have a somewhat higher spire in addition to an 

elongation of the body whorl nodes parallel to the 

growth lines. On 0 . .foaquinemi.s the nodes are circular 

in cross section, and the tips are pointed or elongate 

parallel to the spiral sculpture. 

Distribntion mul .1/tratigra.phic occurrence: Middle Miocene: 

Temblor l1"'ormation, La Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 

1914; J.;oel and Corey, 1!)32) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey 

Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range 

(.T. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967). Upver l\Hocene: Santa Margarita Formation, Fruitvale oil field, Kern 

County (Gale in Preston, 1931). 

Range: Middle Miocene and upper Miocene. 

LOCtl,li.Ue.~: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890, M1597, 

'?l\U5!>8, l\U599, l\U601, M1602, cf. l\11693 ; UCl\fP B15!>4, B1598-

B1600, B1622, B1624, B1626, ?B1641, cf. B1753. 
114 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Cancellaria (Euclia) pacifica Anderson 

Plate 15, figures 14-16, 28, 2!) 

Cancclla·rin 1WCifiea Anderson, 1!)05, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 199 [in part], pl. 15, figs. 43, 44 [not fig. 

45, probably Cancellaria simplex Anderson]. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Keen, 1H43, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 36. 

?Cancellaria an(lcrsoni Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 

396, p. 6o-61 [not including synonymy], pl. 9, fig. :3. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 31, fig. 5. 

Original descriJJtion.-Shell moderate in size, 3,4,-11;2 

inches in length, width 1;2 as great; spire moderately 

elevated; mouth oval in outline; whorls angulated, 

bearing small nodes on the upper angles; surface 

ornamented with revolving lines, heavier and lighter 

lines occurring alternately on the body whorl, crossed 

by vertical ridges. 

Height 21.7 mm., width 13.1 mm. 

'l'upC8: Type material destroyed by tire, San }francisco, Calif., 

]!)06. 

Ncotupc: U.S. Natl. :Mus. 650205 (here designated). 

N cotupc localitu: USGS l\U600, T·ivcla biostrome on east 

side of gully trending southeasterly through sec. 33, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle, 650 feet south, 100 

feet east of N,V. cor. sec. 33. Near the top of Olcese Sand, 

middle l\Iiocene. 

Type of Cancellaria anclcrson·i Arnold: U.S. Natl. Mus. 

165607. 

T1J1JC local·it11: USGS 4631, Turritclla ocouana hed in SE%-

NE% sec. 16, T. 1!) S., R. 15 E., 10 miles north of Coalinga, 

Calif., Vaqueros Formation of Arnold (1909), middle Miocene. 

This rather small cancellariid occurs in a few collections from the !(ern River district. The neotype is 

from a locality in the uppermost part of the Olcese 

Sand that is within the stratigraphic interval from 

which Anderson ( 1905) obtained the original material. 

It and many other specimens appear to fit Anderson's 

description and figures (1905, p. 199, pl. 15, figs. 43, 44) 

of a moderately low spired specimen with cancellate 

sculpture and a short tabulate area above the nodose 

angulation. A stout, apparently smaller specimen figured as C. pacifica (Anderson, 1905, pl. 15, fig. 45) 

seems to be a juvenile 0. shnplex and is herein tentatively referred to that species. 

Moore's view ( 1963, p. 45) that this species might be 

a synonym of 0 ancellaria oregonensis Conrad seems 

less likely than possible relationship to C. birchi or to 

0. nevaden8i8. The axial sculpture on the body whorl 

is a variable characteristic but is of sufficient strength 

to permit differentiation from a somewhat similar 

species, 0. nevadensis which has fine spiral sculpture 

but only weak axial ribs or faint nodes restricted to 

the spire. From 0. birchi n. sp., an abundant slender 

species in the lowern1ost pa.rt of the Round Mountain 

Silt, 0. pacifica differs by having a very weakly recurved columella, a relatively short spire, and a much 

larger adult size. In the absence of clearly intermediate 

forms, these species are considered separate and distinct. 

Arnold's Cancellaria andersoni ( 1909, p. 60-61, pl. 

9, fig. 5) is closer to this species than to any of the 

other California ~iiocene species treated herein. Features that differ from specimens figured as C. JJacifica 

are the virtually smooth body whorl and thickening 

of the parietal callus posteriorly. The proportions of 

the shell and sculpture of the spire are close to those o:f 

0. pacifica. The poor preservation of the body whorl 

leaves some doubt as to its original sculpture. In view 

of these considerations, Arnold's holotype is doubtfully 

included as a synonym of 0. pacifica. 

Cancellaria balboae Pilsbry (I(een, 1958a, p. 439, 

fig. 692) seems to be a modern analog of C. pacifica. 

The Holocene tropical species is front Panama Bay, 

where it has been dredged from depths of 10-20 

fathoms. 

D1stribtttion and stratigraphic occurrence: l\Iiddle l\Iiocene: 

Temulor Formation, La Panza Range (Anderson and l\Iartin, 

1914; Loel and Corey, 1!)32). Saltos Shale l\Iemuer of Monterey 

Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Diuhlee (1958), Caliente Range 

(.T. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967). Upper Miocene: Santa Margarita Formation, l!..,ruitYale oil field, Kern 

County (Gale in Preston, 1931, cf.). 

Ilangc: Middle Miocene. Doubtfully recorded from the upper 

Miocene. 

LocaUtics: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11600. Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS 6063, cf. 6623, l\l1605, :\11608, l\l1696, cf. 

l\l2480. 

Cancellaria (Euclia ?) nevadensis Anderson and Martin 

Plate 15, figures 6-8, 17 

Cancellaria ncvaclcnsis Anderson and ::\lartin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 8G, pl. 8, figs. 5a-d. 

Cancellaria ncvadacnsi8 Anderson and Martin, Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., De1)t. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3, l). 172. 

Cancellaria n. sp. Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California, pl. 29, fig. 14. 

?Cancellaria dalliana. Loel und Core,\', 1932, California Uni\·., 

Dei)t. Geol. Sci. Bull., , .. 22, no. 3, v. 23!) [in l)art], 111. 

47, fig. 13 [not fig. 12]. 

S'ltpplementary desm·iption.-Small, with short to 

moderately high spire of about four whorls. Earliest 

whorls usually sharply angulated above midpoint, 

sculptured by well-defined spiral cords and axial 

folds. Penultimate whorl with alternating primary and secondary spiral cords, axial sculpture 

usually obsolete, angulation faint. Body whorl globose, 

angulation either obsolete or marked by an enlarged 

primary spiral, which retains vestiges of axial ribs as 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 115 

indistinct nodes on some specimens. Spiral sculpture 

not clearly differentiated into primary and secondary 

cords; numerous very fine axial lines of growth form 

n, faintly reticulate surface. Aperture elongate-ovate, 

inner lip with an oblique plication between primary 

columellar folds near margin of thin columellar callus. 

Outer lip. ben.ring fine, elongn.te denticles in large 

specimens. 

~1'111>0: Cn lifornin Acnd. Sci. 190. 

'1'1!1JO localitu: CAS OS, north bank of Kern River auout 

three-fourths of n m~le west of power station [probably in 

NlDYt, sec. 1, T. 2!) S., R. 2!) K, Rio Bnwo Ranch quadrangle]. 

I.ower part of Hound Monntnin Silt, middle Miocene. 

lfignred specimen of Canccllm·ia. n. sp. Clark (1!)29) "not 

detected" in senrch by Keen and Bentson ( 1944, p. 141), localits unlmown. 

Oancella,ria nevaclensis is n. distinctive slender species 

that is distinguished from other cancellariids of the 

I<:ern River area by its fine spiral sculpture. Axial 

sculpture usually becomes obsolete on the penultimate 

whorl, although traces may persist to the body whorl 

as faint nodes on the angulation. 

Some of the more strongly tabulate specimens resemble Oancella·ria 1Jacifica in profile, but the obsolete 

or greatly subdued axial sculpture of 0. nevadensis 

and its fine spiral sculpture permit ready differentiation. 

The range of variation recognized for this species 

is probably as great as in any of the cancellariids 

from the }(ern River area. One extreme is represented 

by the holotype (Anderson ~tnd Martin, 1914, pl. 8, 

fig. 5n.), ~t high-spired specimen with prominent' axial 

sculpture on the spire. The other n1orphologic extreme 

is a relatively low spired form with weak axial sculpture on the early whorls of the spire. The body whorl 

varies from evenly convex (pl. 15, figs. 7, 8) to weakly 

tabuln.te. The subsutural angulation near the posterior 

quarter-line may bear weak nodes or an enlarged spiral 

cord. The subsutural slope varies from convex to slightly concave (pl. 15, fig. 6). 

A specimen figured as Oancella1ia dalliana Anderson by Loel ~tnd Corey (1932, pl. 47, fig. 13) may belong here. It has relatively fine sculpture and a weak 

angulation on whorls of the spire. 

A late ~{iocene record of this species from the 

Modelo Formation in the eastern Ventura basin 

(Daviess in Oakeshott, 1958) is regarded as doubtful. 

Specimens resembling Cancellaria nevadensis were not 

found in the Daviess collection (UCLA loc. 2018). 

D'iSt,rilmUon mul .~ttrat1rrra1Jhic occn1·rcncc: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros ]!..,ormation, La Panzn Range (Loel nnd Corey, 1932). 

:Middle :!\Iiocene: 1\fonterey Shal€', western Napa County 

('Venver, 1949) ; Temhlor Formation, La Panza Range (Anderson nml :Mnrtin, 19l4; r.oel and Corey, 1!)32). Upper l\Hocene: Santa l\Iargarita ]!"'ormation, l!..,ruitvale oil field, Kern 

County (Gale in Preston, 1931) [Cancellaria cf. C. ncvmlcnsis]. 

Range: Lower Miocene ( '!) to upper Miocene ( ?) . 

LocnUtics: Upper part of Olcese Snnd, USGS l\11597, l\11598, 

l\11600, l\l1602; TJC:\lP B1601, cf. 131614, B1616. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 3886, 606G, 0622, 6041, l\11608, l\ll.613; UCMP 

Bl588, B1638. 

Subgenus PYRUCLIA Olsson, 1932 

Type (by original designation) : Cancellaria solida 

Sowerby. Pliocene, Ecuador (Olsson, 1964) to Holocene, Gulf of California to Peru (J(een, 1958a). 

Cancellaria (Pyruclia) lickana Anderson and Martin 

Plate 15, figures 1-3, 9, 10 

Pttnnu·a. lima Martyn, Anderson, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 202, pl. 15, figs. 62, 63. 

?Thais (N1tcclla.) Uma Martyn, Loel and Corey, 1932, California 

Unh:., Devt. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Cancclla,ria. anllcrsoni, Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 396, 

Jl. 60-61 [in part], [not pl. 9, fig. 5]. 

Cnnccllaria Uckana Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 84-85, pl. 8, figs. 6a-d. 

Clnrk, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 29, figs. 11, 22 (as Cancellaria 

lichana). 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Deilt. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 171. 

To Anderson and ~{artin's description (1914, p. 84-

85) can be added that this species has a very short, 

pointed spire won1 smooth in practically every specimen exmnined. Larger specimens characteristically develop a shoulder below the suture in the last quarter 

revolution of the body whorl and a 1nound of parietal 

callus adjacent to the poorly defined posterior canal. 

There is a strong siphonal fasciole. The umbilicus is 

nearly obscured by the thick columellar callus. 

'l'Y1JC: California Acad. Sci. 186. 

'l'Y1JC locnlity: CAS 64, west bank of smrrll canyon 11,4 miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same ns UCl\IP 

B1586: near center of NW1,4SE1,4 sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio B~·avo Ranch C)uadrangle]. UPiler vart of Olcese Snnd, 

middle Miocene. 

0 ancellm·ia lickana occurs in several collections frmn 

the upper part of the Olcese Sand, although it is not 

abundantly represented at any locality. This species 

is clearly distinct frmn other cancellariids from the 

}(ern River ~1iocene. Characteristic features are the 

large, spirally sculptured body whorl, pointed spire, 

subsutural shelf on final quarter-turn of the body 

whorl, and the mound of parietal callus near the top 

of the broad aperture. 

Anderson's figures of Purpu1·a li1na Martyn ( 1905 

pl. 15, figs. 62, 63) almost certainly represent the cancellariid which was later named Cancellaria lickana 

by Anderson and Martin (1914). They do not substantiate Arnold's placement (1909, p. 60-61) of P. lima 
116 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Martyn (Anderson, 1905) in the synonymy of his newly named C. andersoni, whose type specimen is from 

the Coalinga district on the west side of the San 

Joaquin Valley. Although the hypotype of Anderson's 

P. lima is lost, the figures clearly show no axial sculpture other than fine lines of growth. 

This species is assigned to Pyruclia on the basis of 

a close degree of similarity with the type species, 

Cancellaria solida, and other late Tertiary species from 

South America figured by Olsson ( 1964, pl. 21, figs. 

1-4). Principal differences between these species and 

C. lickana are their nearly obsolete body whorl sculpture and somewhat stronger columellar folds. Some 

specimens of C. lickana have an inward refraction of 

the basal part of the columella (pl. 15, fig. 9) but this 

seems to be a variable characteristic. There is a degree 

of similarity to the western Pacific subgenus Jf eric a 

(type: C. asperilla Lamarck) but the parietal columellar callus of C. lickana is much heavier and lacks the 

finely papillose ornamentation of .the basal part of the 

columellar lip. An earlier classification of this species 

as Cancellaria s.s. (Addicott and Vedder, 1963, p. C65) 

can be disregarded. 

The holotype of Arnold's Cancellaria andersoni 

(1909, p. 60-61, pl. 9, fig. 5) is a slender, much higher 

spired specimen with prominent axial ribbing on the 

spire albeit a virtually smooth body whorl. It resembles 0. lickana chiefly by having a much thickened 

parietal callus posteriorly. Arnold's specimen most 

closely resembles what is herein identified as C. pacifica 

Anderson (p. 114) and is tentatively included in the 

synonymy of that species. Anderson and Martin 

(1914, p. 85) noted the differences between Arnold's 

holotype and their C. lickana but believed that the resemblance of P. lima ~{artyn (Anderson, 1905) to this 

species was only superficial. The apparent absence of 

cancellariid plaits from Anderson's specimen is not 

unusual because the columellar plicae of C. lickana 

are not always visible in apertural view. Two of the 

specimens figured on plate 15 have apertures clogged 

with matrix, as did Anderson's specimen ( 1905, pl. 15, 

fig. 62) . The plaits are visible on a specimen with a 

broken apertural lip (pl. 15, fig. 3) that has been 

rotated from normal apertural orientation. 

Distrib?tUon and !Stratigraph-ic occun·cnce: :Middle ·Miocene : 

Temblor Formation, Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946?); Topanga 

Formation, Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder and · 'Voodring, 

unpub. data, 1953, cf.). Upper Miocene: Santa Margarita }~ormation, Fruitvale oil field, Kern County (Gale in Preston, 

1931). 

Range: Middle Miocene to upper Miocene. 

Loca.lities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11599, l\11601, 

M1G02, M1693 ; UCMP B1599, B1600, B1624. 

Subgenus COPTOSTOl'tiA Cossmann, 1899 

Type (by original designation) : Cancellaria q1.tad1·ata Sowerby. Eocene, Europe. 

Cancellaria (Coptostoma) posunculensis Anderson and Martin 

Pia te 15, figures 22, 24-26 

Cancellaria pos?tnc?tlensis Anderson and Martin, 1914, CaUfornia Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 86, pl. 8, figs. 7a-c. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

?Lutz, 1951, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 

28, no. 13, p. 392 [not pl. is, fig. 8]. 

Type: California A cad. Sci. 202. 

Type locality: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 114 miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UC:MP 

B1!386, near center of NW% SE% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Hanch quadrangle]. Upver 11art of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Cancellaria posunculensis can be readily distinguished from other Miocene cancellariids in the J{ern 

River district by the combination of finely reticulate 

sculpture and the slender, evenly convex body whorl. 

The species with which 0. posunculensis is most apt 

to be confused is A ntilloplws posunculensis (Anderson 

and Martin), which has almost identical ornamentation but a relatively shorter aperture and body whorl 

as well as a nonplicate columella. On many specimens 

the columellar plaits terminate well within the aperture and are not visible in the normal apertural orientation. Immature specimens resemble C. barkeri superficia1ly but can be distinguished by the postnuclear 

development of sinuous fine axial ribs superimposed 

upon spiral ribs that are much narrower than those 

of C. barl~eri. 

This species appears to have many characteristics in 

common with the type of Coptostoma, C. quadrata 

Sowerby ( Cossmann, 1899, pl. 2, figs. 8, 9), notably 

the fine sculptural pattern and slender, nonangulated 

spire. The base of the body whorl of Cancellaria posunculensis, however, is more constricted anteriorly and 

the basal part of its columella is straight rather than 

curved inward. Coptostoma has not previously been 

reported frmn the west coast of North America. 

0. posu.nculensis also resembles the type of Aphe1·a, 

0. tessellata Sowerby (Tryon, 1885, pl. 4, figs. 58-60), 

in details of sculpture but lacks the thick parietalcolumellar callus of that species and has a strong 

constriction above the base of the body whorl. 

A poorly preserved specimen devoid of original shell 

material from the Sobrante Sandstone in the Hayward 

quadrangle, California, identified as 0 ancellaria posunculensis by Lutz (1951, p. 392, pl. 18, fig. 12) probably 

is Antillophos posunculensis (Anderson and Martin). 

The anterior canal is much shorter than on specimens 

of C. posunculensis, and the proportions of the body 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 117 

whorl are different. Columellar plaits are not present 

on the specimen fr01n the Sobrante Sandstone. 

D·ist1·ib1tUon mul strltti{JI'U·llh'ic occu.rrcncc: SoiJrante Sandstone, Alameda County (Lutz, 19()1 ?) ; TemiJlor FormationReef Ridge (Stewnrt, 1940?), I.1a Panza Range (Anderson and 

Mnrtin, 1914; I.1oel nnd Corey, 1932) ; San Onofre Breccia, 

northwestern Peninsulnr Rnilge (Woodford, 1925). 

Uan{Jc: Middle l\:liocene. 

Loca.lUics: Upper 1)nrt of Olcese Sand, USGS l\U597, l\11599, 

:.\[1.001, l\U.G02 ; UCMP 1H!399, B1601, B1616, B1624, B1641. 

Subgenus' 

Cancellaria dalli (Anderson and Martin) 

Plnte 1G, figures 11-13, 23, 27 

Ji'ossants <la.lli Anderson nnd Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 70, pl. 7, figs. 13a, IJ . 

.Ji'os.~ariu.s tla.Ui Anderson and l\lnrtin, Loel nnd Corey, 1932, 

Californin Uni\'., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, 

!). 172. 

.Ji'08801'1t8 lJarl.:cri. Anderson in Hnnnn, 1924, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 13, no. 10, p. 165-166. 

Ca.nccllari barkc1·i (Anderson in Hanna), Keen, 1943, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, 1). 36. 

~l'mw: California Acad. Sci. 148. 

'1.'1J1W loca.lit11: CAS 64, in hottom of small canyon aiJout 114 

miles due north of Barker's rnnchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, middle Miocene. 

This small obconic species is sculptured by deeply 

channeled spiral grooves. Axial sculpture ordinarily 

is missing, although on a few specimens there are 

irregularly spaced faint wrinkles. The parietal callus 

spreads outward onto the body whorl but is variable 

in thickness. There are two sharp, steeply inclined 

n.xial folds on the columella and the outer lip bears 

many :fine denticles within. 

Anderson in I-Ianna (1924, p. 165) proposed Fossarus 

ba'rlce'ri as a new name for this species on the assumption that it was congeneric with T1•iolwt·ropis dalli 

':Vhit:field (1894), which was transferred to Fossarus 

by Martin (1904, p. 240). Richard E. Petit (written 

commun., Aug. 14, 1965) has "kindly pointed out that 

'~Thitfield's species does not belong in the Fossariidae 

ns that family is presently understood. Rather, it seems 

to be an I selioa, a genus placed in the Pyramidellidae 

by J(een ( 1963, p. 89). Thus the name dalli is not 

preoccupied in the genus Fossants n.nd is available for 

the I<:ern River cancellariid. Petit also pointed out the 

close degree of similarity of 0. dalli to the New Zealand Tertiary taxon P1·istimm·ioa (type: P. dolioides 

Finlay and Marwick, 1937, p. 82, pl. 11, figs. 2, ~), a 

rotund cancellariid with strong spiral sculpture. 

Oanoella'ria dalli is known from only a few localities 

in a limited stratigraphic interval including the upper 

part of the Olcese Sand and the lower part of the 

'Round Mountain Silt. It has not been reported from 

localities outside of the J(ern River area. 

Occu.r?·cncc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\U597, 

l\11602; UGMP loc. B1598, B1614, Bl621. Round Mountain Silt, 

USGS loc. 3886, 6623, l\11608; UCl\IP loc. B1638. 

Subgenus CRAWFORDINA Dall, 1919 

Type (by monotypy) : Oanoellana ora1.ojm·diana 

Dall. Pliocene to Holocene, northeastern Pacific Ocean. 

Holocene range: Alaska to San Diego, Calif. 

Cancellaria (Crawfordina) kernensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 15, figures 18-21 

Small, low spired. Sp:lre consisting of about three 

rapidly enlarging convex whorls. Penultimate whorl 

sculptured by 16 broad axial folds crossed by seven 

raised spiral cords separated by wide interspaces. 

Suture distinct, impressed. Body whorl large, cancellate. Intersections of subdued axial folds with relatively strong spiral ribbing nodose. Spiral cords more 

closely spaced than axial ribs, which form rectangular 

interspaces excepting between highest four spirals, 

which are relatively widely spaced. Aperture lens 

shaped, outer lip thin, faintly lirate within. Inner lip 

encrusted with thin callus deposit. Columella straight, 

bearing two sharp folds. An oblique plait occurs between the folds near the edge of callus. Umbilicus 

nearly obscured by a columellar call us. Anterior canal 

short, not markedly constricted. Siphonal fasciole 

poorly developed, bearing four fine spiral cords. 

Height 13.4 1nm, width 7.8 mm. 

Tmw: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650207. 

TY1JC locality: USGS l\11608, at base of IJluff on south IJank 

of Kern River at Olc"'se Boy Scout Camp, 3,200 feet south, 

1,100 feet. west of NE. cor. sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene. 

This species is closely allied to the Pliocene to Holocene Oanoella1·ia O'rawfordiana Dall (1891, p. 182, pl. 

6, fig. 1) ·from California. It is represented by two 

specimens from the east side of the southern San 

Joaquin Valley that seem to be clearly distinct from 

other Miocene species from the Pacific coast. It differs 

from 0. 8iletzeru3is Anderson in Hanna ( 1924, p. 159) 

from the Astoria Formation of Lincoln County, Oreg. 

by its relatively slender profile, a greater number of 

axial ribs that are much weaker than the spiral cords, 

and no secondary spiral sculpture. 

Another northern species from the Astoria Formation of ':Vashington, Cancellaria 1.oeaveri Etherington 

( 1931, p. 108-109, pl. 14, figs. 1, 3, 17) is somewhat 

similar to 0. kemensis but much larger. It differs from 

0. ke'l"'nensis by its more convex whorls and finely 

reticulate sculpture. The well-developed siphonal fasciole at the base of the body whorl of 0. weaven is 

bordered posteriorly by a strong constriction and the 
118 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

base of the columella is curved inward, whereas on C. 

kernensis it is .straight. 

Although there are only two known specimens of this 

species, a considerable degree of variation in sculpture 

is apparent. The specimen from a core of the Santa 

Margarita Sandstone in G\VOD Alford 1, sec. 35, T. 27 

S., R. 27 E., about 10 miles north of Bakersfield, has 

finer, more subdued axial folds than occur on the holotype. Axial sculpture on this specimen is developed 

only on the body whorl. The Santa Margarita Sandstone in this well is of late Miocene age, as it overlies 

approximately 500 feet of undifferentiated Round 

Mountain Silt and Fruitvale Shale of lVfiller and 

Bloom ( 1937) of Relizian to early Mohnian and late 

Luisian age (I{leinpell in Addicott, 1956, pl. 6). 

Range: Middle Miocene to upper :Miocene. 

.Loca-lities: Round Mountain Silt, USGS l\11608. Santa Margarita Sandstone CAS 28790. 

Subgenus BARKERIA Addicott n. subgen. 

Type: Cq,ncellaria sanjosei Anderson and Martin. Miocene, California and vV ashington. 

Small, cylindrical, with turreted spire. Whorls of 

spire broadly tabulate. Body whorl cylindrical, sculptured by relatively weak, flat-topped spiral cords that 

alternate in strength. Aperture subquadrate, with thick 

deposit of callus extending horizontally from posterior 

edge of outer lip backward onto parietal wall and then 

descending vertically toward anterior canal. Siphonal 

fasciole well developed, partly concealed by columellar 

callus. Columella armed with two sharp spiral plaits. 

The distinctive inverted L-shaped columellarparietal callus and the cylindrical, turreted shell of 

Barke'ria are unique among fossil and Holocene cancellariids of the eastern Pacific Ocean. The type, Cancellaria san.Josei Anderson and Martin (1914, p. 87, 

pl. 6, figs. 2a, 2b), has been recognized from several 

localities in California. and one locality in Washington, all of middle Miocene age. Cancellaria u1vu1nacoensis Hodson (1931, p. 45, pl. 18, figs. 2, 3), a turreted 

middle Miocene species from Venezuela, may also 

belong in this subgenus. 

Cancellaria (Barkeria) sanjosei Anderson and Martin 

Plate 16, figures 5, 11, 21, 22 

Canccllarin sanjosci Anderson and l\Iartin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. f-17, pl. 6, figs. 2a, h. 

'Veaver, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 507 [in part], pl. !)6, fig. 8. 

Cancellaria sanjosccnsis Andf'rson and Martin, Loel and Corey, 

1932, California univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Rull., Y. 22, no. 3, 

p. 172. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 207. 

Type locality: CAS 126, in bed of small creek near center 

sec. 34, '1'. 28 S., R. 15 E., La Panza Range, San Luis Obispo 

County, Calif. "Lower Miocene" [probably middle Miocene]. 

Cancellaria sanjosei is known from localities in the 

upper part of the Round Mountain Silt near the mouth 

of Cottonwood Creek (USGS 6608, l\11605, UC~!P 

B1588) in the !{ern River area. Specimens from these 

localities compare favorably with type material frmn 

San Ltlis Obispo County although traces of spiral 

sculpture are preserved on only a few of them. Preservation of material from this locality is generally poor; 

details of finer sculpture on other gastropods from 

~{1605 usually are not discernible because of partial 

replacement of coating of original shell material by 

gypsum. 

There is considerable variation in spire height and 

whorl tabulation in specimens frmn the Round Mountain Silt locality. Morphologic end points are a slender, high-spired form with strongly tabulate whorls 

(pl. 16, fig. 5) and an inflated, low-spired form with 

a weakly tabulate body whorl (pl. 16, figs. 21, 22). 

The low-spired form most closely resembles the holotype of Cancellaria san.Josei. The smooth tabulate profile and heavy, inverted L-shaped apertural callus are 

unique characters of this species. 

Distribut-ion and stratigraphic occurrence: Astoria ]j...,ormation, Grays Harbor basin, southwestern "rashington ('Venver, 

1942) ; Sobrnnte Sandstone, Contrn Costa County, Calif. 

('Veaver, 1953) ; Temblor Formntion, Ln Pnnza Rnnge · (Anderson and ~Iartin, 1914; Loel nnd Corey, 1932) ; Snltos Shnle 

Member of the Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, nnd Dibblee, 

( 1958), Cnliente Range ( .T. G. Vedder, oral commun., .Tanunry 

1966). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Round 1\Iountain Silt, U:SGS 6~0~, 

l\11605 ; UC~IP B1588. 

; 

Subgenus NARONA H. and A. Adams, 1~54 .i 

Type (by subsequent designation, J oussea.tun.e, 

1887) : Cancellaria clavatula Smverby. Holocene, west 

coast of Mexico to Peru. 

Cancellaria (Narona) birchi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 16, figures 12-16 

Small, rugose, moderately high spired. Later whorls 

of spire scuiptured by axial folds and a pair of finer 

spiral cords. Secondary spirals appear in interspaces 

on penultimate whorl. Body whorl slender, angulated 

near posterior one-quarter line, profile gently convex 

above, more strongly convex below. Axial sculpture 

of about 10 folds, some of which are varicose and 

relatively larger than others. Axials well developed 

above angulation but tend to disappear near basal 

constriction of body whorl. Spiral sculpture of two 

or three closely spaced cords above angulation and 

alternating primary and secondary cords with wide 

interspaces below. Spiral cord on angulation is swollen 

and nodose at intersection with axial ribs. Aperture 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 119 

elongate ovate. Outer lip thin, with four or five 

rounded denticles within. Inner lip encrusted with 

narrow callus. Anterior canal fairly short, moderately 

recurved to ]eft. '¥e11-developed siphonal fasciole. 

I-Ieight 11.9 mm, width 6.3 mm. 

~l'1J1JC: Cnlifornin Unh·. Mus. Paleontology 33859. 

~L'mw loca.litu: UC)ll' B1637, bottom of east fork of gully in 

SWlJ,, sec. n, '1'. 2!) S., R. 30 E., 1,350 feet east, 1,250 feet north 

ft·om S,V. c·or. sec. 6, Hio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. J_.,ower 

flart of nonncl Monntnin Silt., middle Miocene. 

Oanoellm·ia bi1•chi n. sp. is extremely abundant at 

localities in the ]ower part of the Round Mountain 

Silt immediately west and southwest of the 1nouth of 

J{ern River Gorge. As far as is known, it is limited 

to a restricted stratigraphic interval near the base of 

the R.ound ~fountain Silt. It is a small, slender species 

seldom. attn.ining more than 15 mm in height. The 

he:ight of the spire is somewhat variable, as is the 

number n,nd strength of secondary spiral cords on some 

specimens. 

The I-Iolocene Panamic-Pacific Oancella1·ia jayana 

l{een ( 1958b, p. 249-250, pl. 30, fig. 5) from Panama 

Bay resembles 0. bi1·chi but has coarser spiral sculpture, a well-developed siphonal fn.sciole, and a broader 

parietal callus. 

This species is 1nost likely to be confused with 

Oancella1·ia, JJacifica Anderson, which occurs in the 

same stratigraphic intervaL Differentiation from that 

species is based upon the strongly recurved anterior 

canal, relatively high spire, small adult size, slender 

profile, and denticulate inner apertural lip. 

Immature specimens of Oancellmia condoni and 0. 

dalliana have much different sculpture than 0. birchi. 

The subsntural tabulation on juveniles of those species 

:is flat or concave and relatively smooth, the angulation spinose, and the axial ribs slender and limited to 

the area below the angulation. 

Occurrence: I.owf'r pnrt of Round Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 

G063, (IO(i(l, MHI03, :\llGO,q-:\-11()10. l\lHil2. :\£1(113: TJOMP locs. 

H:t.O •. "l7, B1638. 

Subgenus~ 

Cancellaria keenae Addicott, n. _sp. 

Plnte 16, figures 1-4, 18, 1!) 

Smn.ll, rugose, fnsiform, high spired. 'Vhorls convex, 

suture deeply impressed, wavy. Body whorl sculptured 

by eight raised axial folds or varices separated by 

interspaces about twice as wide. Spiral sculpture of 

about 1.5 rounded primary cords which alternate with 

secondary spirals on lower three-quarters of body 

whorl. Spiral cords on upper one-quarter of body 

whorl relatively fine and closely spaced. Aperture subovate, anterior canal short. Inner lip with nine elongate 

plicae. Columella encrusted with thin deposit of callus. 

Height (almost complete) 14.7 mm, width 7.5 n1m. 

TyJJc: California Univ., J_.,os Angeles 45771. 

Type locality: UCLA AC-2-34, lower part of Round Mountain Silt, Kern River [presumably from same stratigraphic 

interval and geographic area as USGS locs. M1608, M1612, 

and l\11613, which are on the south side of Kern River in 

sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., and sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. 

This species bears considerable resemblance to Holocene species of T1·igonost01na from the PanamicPacific molluscan province, T. juniculatu1n (Hinds) 

(Keen, 1958a, p. 442, fig. 709) and T. ca1npbelli 

Sha~ky ( 1961, p. 20, pl. 4, fig. 5), and to a Neogene 

species from the Esmeralda Formation, T. thisbe 

Olsson (1964, p. 1.26-127, pl. 22, fig. 6). Differentiation 

from them, and from Trigonost01na, is based upon the 

lack of an open umbilicus. Although variable, the 

whorl profile is not coronate, as in the Panamic species. 

The change in spiral ribbing near the top of the 

body whorl from alternating primary and secondary 

cords below to fine spirals above is reflected as a faint 

angulation on one specimen (pl. 16, fig. 18). On the 

other specimens, the convex profile is unbroken. 

Selection of a poorly located specimen as holotype is 

necessitated by the inferior preservation of the only 

other two specimens known to have been collected. 

The matrix on the type specimen and species associated 

with it suggests that the specimen was collected from 

sandy siltstones near the base of the Round Mountain 

Silt near the mouth of I\:ern River Gorge. 

Occu.rrencc: Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS locs. 

6065, 6623 ; UOMP Joe. Bl638 : UQJ_.,A loc. AC-2-34. 

Subgenus~ 

Cancellaria galei Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 16, flitues 6-10 

Of medium size, whorls acutely tabulate. Maximmn 

diameter of whorls at angulation; shoulder slightly 

·concave, sloping clownw·ard toward suture from periphery. Body whorl sculptured by 11-15 widely spaced, 

slightly retl·active axial folds that become subdued 

on shoulder and tend to disappear below basal angulation. Spiral sculpture of relatively fine, alternating 

primary n.nd secondary cords below tabulation and 

fine, indistinct spirals between tabulation and suture. 

Suture canaliculate, wavy. Aperture triangular, outer 

lip thin. 

Height (nearly complete) 26.8 mm, width 17.5 1nm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650214; paratype, USNl\I 

650213. 

Tmw locali.ty: USGS i\'l1fi90, fossil quarry in small gully on 

south side of J)rominent ridge trending southwestward through 

SElA, sec. 1G, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. 

Basal part of .Tewett Sand, lower Miocene. 
120 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Cancellaria galei n. sp. is represented by several 

crushed specimens from the basal marine sandstone of 

early Miocene age on the south flank of Pyramid Hill. 

It has not been found in collections from middle 

Miocene formations in the !{ern River district. Although rather poorly preserved, the specimens clearly 

differ from other Miocene cancellariids in having 

downward-sloping shoulders and a trigonal aperture. 

The triangular-shaped aperture and acutely tabulate 

whorl profile suggest close relationships to TrigonostO'Ina, a tropical genus represented by many species 

in the Panamic-Pacific molluscan province. It differs 

from Trigonostoma, however, by lacking m~ open 

umbilicus. 

Were it not for the concave, inward-sloping shoulder, this species would closely resemble Cancellaria 

oregonensis Conrad and would be referable to the subgenus Euclia. 

Occurrence: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS locs. M1590, 

M1591 ; UCMP loc. B1665. 

Family OLIVIDAE 

Genus OLIVA Bruguiere, 1789 

Type (by absolute tautonomy) : V oluta oliva Linne. 

Holocene, Mauritius (Olsson and Harbison, 1953). 

Oliva (Oliva) californica Anderson 

Plate 16, figures 17, 26-30 

Oliva californica Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 201, pl. 15, figs. 54-55. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 28, figs. 3, 4. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173, 239, pl. 47, figs. 4a, b. 

Oliva tutheyana Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 201, pl. 15, fig. 53. 

Oliva simondsi Trask, 1922, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 13, no. 5, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b. 

Original description.-Shell moderate in· size, 1-1112 

inches long, width more than half as great, ovate, 

narrowing below; spire low and rounded; aperture 

narrow, inner lip somewhat crusted; columella bearing 

2 principal spiral plications, with finer lines both 

above and below; suture impressed and sharply defined on adolescent and mature shells; surface marked 

only by lines of growth. 

Syntypcs: California A cad. Sci. 76, 77. 

T1JPC locality: In the vicinity of Barker's Ranch [headquarters formerly near the center of sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle 1. This and other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, p. 187) . 

Type of Oliva fu,thr.1fana Anderson : Lost or destroyed in 

San Francisco fire, 1906. 

Type of Oliva simondsi Trask: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 12394. 

Tmw locality: UCMP 171, 222 mm east and 29 mm south 

from the northwest corner of Concord quadrangle,- Contra 

Costa County, Calif. (Trask, 1922). Briones Sandstone, upper 

Miocene. 

Large samples of specimens of Oliva californica 

Anderson from localities near the top of the Olcese 

Sand illustrate a broad range of variation in profile 

of this species. As a general rule, the older, thickshelled specimens tend to have a broader apical an<rle 

and a strongly shouldered body whorl. In some spe~i­ mens this may be a result of abrasion or wearing down 

of what \Vas once a more acute spire. It is possible, 

however, to take specimens of intermediate size from 

a locality and trace a gradation from a relatively high 

spired individual with a relatively slender profile to a 

low-spired individual with a shouldered body whorl. 

Loel and Corey ( 1932, p. 239) first recognized the 

slender form, originally named Oliva futheyana Anderson ( 1905, p. 201, pl. 15, fig. 53), as a variant of 

0. californica. 0. futheyana was originally described 

as being similar to 0. californica but "narrower, and 

. having a more elevated spire and more graceful outline" (Anderson, 1905, p. 201). Attempts to separate 

these forms in some of the larger collections from the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand were so difficult that 

it seemed clear they represent a single, variable population. Keen's observations (1958a, p. 420-422) indicated there is considerable difficulty in differentiating 

some Holocene species of 0 liva from the Panamic 

molluscan province, particularly when dealing with 

young specimens. The present treatment does not reflect the level of refinement in species discrimination 

among Holocene Panamic Olivas where color patterns 

are recognized as specific traits and are utilized in 

species discrimination. 

In general, the smaller size range of 0. californica 

includes mostly slender, nonshouldered specimens, 

whereas the adult specimens are almost exclusively 

broad and shouldered to varying degrees. Anderson's 

original line drawings (1905, pl. 15, figs. 53-55) have 

similar height-width ratios and do not clearly bring 

out the differences described from the type material. 

No attempt is made to record the occurrences of the 

slender form, as it is present in most of the collections. 

Oliva californica resembles, very closely, the Pleistocene species 0. davisae Durham ( 1950, p. 103, pl. 26, 

figs. 3, 5) from Santa Ynez Bay and Magdalena Bay, 

Baja California. The living 0. incrassata, a thickshelled, shouldered species ranging from Magdalena 

Bay south to Peru, is close to 0. davisae but, according 

to Durham (1950, p. 103), has a higher spire and a 

weaker shoulder. Differentiation of 0. californica from 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 121 

the Gulf of California Pleistocene species can be made 

on the greater number of primary spiral plaits near 

the base of the columella, four on 0. davisae, as compared with only two on 0. califmvnica. 

A stubby, very thick shelled specimen with an extremely broad apical angle of about 145° (pl. 16, fig. 

25) is doubtfully treated as an undescribed species 

but may be no more than an extreme variant of 

Oliva califmvnica. 

Oliva sinwndsi Trask (1922, p. 159, pl. 8, figs. 5a, b) 

frmn the upper l\fiocene Briones Sandstone of Contra 

Costa County, Calif., is a synonym of 0. californica. 

The holotype is a poorly preserved, somewhat deformed, weakly shouldered specimen similar to some 

of the more slender specimens of 0. california a from 

the J{ern River district. There are two primary spiral 

plaits near the base of the columella, as on 0. cali-

.fo'rnica. 

The presence of Oliva, whose living species are restricted to the Panamic molluscan province of the 

western coast of Central America, is suggestive of 

subtropical to tropical marine climate in the central 

California region during deposition of the Briones 

Sandstone. This and a record of 0. spicata (Bolten) 

frorn the Castaic Formation of Crowell (1955) (Stanton, 1966, p. 34, p1. 1, fig. 13) are the highest stratigraphic occurences of this genus in Tertiary strata of 

Cnlifornia. 

.D·ist1·ibu.tion ana stratigra.phic occurrence: !;ower Miocene: 

Va(]tteros }"'ormation-northern Santa Lucia Range, La Panza 

Range, San Emig<lio 1\Iountains, Ventura basin, Santa Ana 

Mountains (T.;oel and Corey, 1932) ; Painted Rock Sandstone 

MemiJer of Vaqueros }"'ormation of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (Ret)enning and Vedder, 1961). Middle 

Miocene: Monterey ShalE>, western Napa County ("Weaver, 

1949) : ~l'emblor ]!"'ormation-Cantua Creek (Anderson, 1908), 

Anticline Ridge ('Voodring and others, 1940), Reef Ridge 

(Stewart, 1946), T.Jn Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 

1.914; Loel and Corey, 1!)32) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente 

Rnnge (Repenning and Vedder, 1961) : "Va(]ueros or Temblor," 

northern ~rejon Hills (Clark in Merriam, 1916) ; Vaqueros 

Snndstone of Hoots (1930), northern Tejon Hills (Addicott, 

lf)G!in) ; ~ropnngn Formation-Santa Monica Mountains OVoodring in Hoots, 1931: Susuld, 1951), Santa Ana Mountains 

(Vedder and 'Vooclring, unpuh. data, 1953). Upper Miocene: 

Briones Snndstone, western Contra Costa County (Trask, 

1922; 'Venver, 1949). 

.Ra.ngc: T,ower Miocene to upper Miocene. 

.LocnliUc.Y: Basal part of .Tewett Sand, UCl\'lP B1660 cf. Middle pnrt of OlcE>se Snnd, USGS M16m~. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, USGS 6624, 6628, 6890, M1597-M1602. l\11693, cf. M1697, 

l\11698; UCMP R1!i86, Rl.!i87, Blfin3, B1!194, B1596, R1599-

Bl601, Hl.616, H1622, Bl.623, B1629, H1640. R17!13. Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS 6074 ?, M1612, .1\:11613, M·1696; .tJCMP 

2713, B1613. 

Oliva (Oliva) n. sp. ~ 

Plate 16, figure 25 

Of moderately large size, very thick shelled. Spire 

low, describing angle of about 145°. Suture deeply 

excavated. Body whorl strongly shouldered. Outer lip 

of aperture relatively straight. 

Height 26.4 mm, width, 20.5 mm. 

Figttrell specimen: California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 33871. 

Locality: UCMP B1587, uppermost fossiliferous ledge in 

SE-facing river bluff in S\VJA, SEJA, sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Bnl.:ersfield quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. 

This stout, low-spired Oliva may prove to be a form 

of 0. californica, but in the absence of intermediate 

forms linking it with the variable Miocene species, it 

is tentatively considered as new. The body whorl is 

more strongly shouldered than on specimens of 0. 

califomica and the outer apertural lip is much 

straighter. Poor preservation prevents determination 

of the number and arrangement of plaits on the 

columella. Only one specimen has been collected. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, UCMP loc. B1587. 

Genus OLIVELLA Swainson, 1831 

Type (by subsequent designation, Dall, 1909, p. 31): 

Oliva (1JUrpurata Swainson=O. darna Wood). Holocene, head of the Gulf of California to Mazatlan, 

Mexico (l(een, 1958a). 

Olivella (Olivella) ischnon Keen 

Plate 17, figures 9, 13 

Astyri.s pcd·roana Conrad, Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser 4, v. 4, p. 42. 

Olivcna pcdroa.na Conrad, Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 43. 

OUvella pedroana var. S1tbpcllroana T.;oel and Corey, 1932, p. 

173 [in part] [not p. 240, pl. 46, figs. Sa, b, 9a, b]. 

Olivella ischnon Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 50, pl. 4, figs. 3, 4. 

Original description.-Shell relatively small and 

slender; spire high, about three-fourths the length of 

the aperture; sutural channel deep and wide; columellar folds weak, five in number, near anterior end of 

inner lip. 

Supple1nentary description.-Small, slender, with a 

high spire of about four whorls. Sutures deeply channeled, fronted by very thin wall of shell material 

projecting upward from lower whorl. Parietal callus 

faint, in most specimens terminates posteriorly at or 

near the top of body whorl. Columellar lip of aperture 

with plicate basal pad bounded posteriorly by fairly 

deep spiral groove. Basal pad sculptured by basal fold, 

which is usually separated from overlying set of three 

of four plicae by a relatively broad channel. Columellar 
122 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER' AREA.', CALIFORNIA 

pad overlain by three or more very faint plicae on 

some specimens. 

Ty]Je: Stanford Univ. Paleontology type colln. 7542. 

TY1JC locality: SU 2641, side of gully apvroximately 250 feet 

north of mouth of small gully, 1,000 feet south, 600 feet west 

of NE. cor. sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Bakersfield quadrangle. 

Collected from 120-foot stratigraphic interval in uppermost 

part of Olcese Sand stratigraphically above USGS loc. M1597. 

:\fiddle Miocene. 

There is some variation in spire height and number 

of columellar plaits in specimens of Olivella ischnon 

1\:een. Usually there are five plaits on the basal coluInellar pad but there may be as few as three. The lowest 

plait usually is stronger than the other four, which 

occur in couplets on some specimens. The number of 

plaits on 0. ischnon is similar to that of 0. quadriplicata Clark ( 1918, p. 185, pl. 19, figs. 10, 17) from the 

lower Miocene ( ? ) San Ramon Sandstone of Contra 

Costa County, Calif., but the spire is uni£ormily much 

1nore elevated and acute. In profile, 0. ischnon resembles 0. gracilis (Broderip and Sowerby), a tropical 

Pliocene to Holocene species living in the Panamic 

n1olluscan province from the Gulf of California to 

Peru. The pillar structure of 0. gracilis appears to 

lack the strong demarcation of the basal pad of 0. 

ischnon, as indicated by a Holocene specimen from 

Ecuador figured by Olsson ( 1956, pl. 11, figs. 5, 5a). 

Although n1ost specimens of Olivella ischnon do not 

have the deeply excavated parietal wall within the 

aperture nor the clear-cut truncation inward of the 

columellar plicae, the presence of these features in 

a few specimens indicates assignment of the species to 

0 livella s.s. 

0 livella pedro ana subpedroana Loel and Corey 

( 1932, p. 240, pl. 46, figs. Sa, Sb, 9a, 9b), a slender 

species from the lower Miocene Vaqueros Formation, 

is comparable. to 0. ischnon in all respects except the 

shape of the aperture, which is very narrow in both 

the holotype and paratype. Its narrow, slotlike aperture contrasts markedly with the triangular-shaped 

aperture of 0. ischnon. Loel and Corey's record (1932, 

p. 173) of this subspecies from their "Temblor Horizon" of the I\: ern River area presumably is of 0. 

ischnon. 

Distrib1ttion antl stratig1·a1Jhic occ1wrcncc: Buttonbed Sandstone Member of Temblor Formation of Heikkila and ·MacLeod 

(1951), northern Temhlor Range (USGS loc. M2632) ; Saltos 

Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (.T. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation, San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, cf. 

l\11600, l\U601, l\11602 ; UCMP B1586, B1588, B1598. Lower part 

of Round :Mountain Silt, USGS 6063 ?, ?6064, cf. 6065, -l\11613, 

M2480; UCMP B1637. 

Olivella sp. 

An incomplete specimen of a n1oderately low spired 

Olivella with several sharp columellar plications has 

been collected from the basal conglomeratic sandstone 

of the Jewett Sand. It is similar in gross morphology 

to a specimen of 0. santana Loel and Corey ( 1932, 

pl. 46, figs. 11a, 11b) but apparently has a more plicate 

columella. 0. ischnon from the Olcese Sand and Round 

Mountain Silt is a much more. slender species. 

Ocmtrrencc: Basal part of .Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\:U591. 

Family CONIDAE 

Genus CONUS Linne, 1758 

Type (by subsequent designation, Children, 1823) : 

Conus marmoreus Linne. Holocene, Indo Pacific. 

Subgenus CHELYCONUS M:orch, 1852 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1896) : 

Oontts testudinarius Martini. Holocene, West Indies 

and west coast of Africa. 

Conus (Chelyconus) owenianus Anderson 

Plate 17, figures 1-8, 32, 37 

Comts oweniana Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 201-202, pl. 15, figs. 58, 59. 

Clark, 1929, Stratigraphy and faunal horizons of the Coast 

Ranges of California, pl. 29, figs. 20, 21. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Devt. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Comts owenianus Anderson, Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey 

Bull. 396, p. 124, pl. 9, fig. 3. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 398, 

pl. 31, fig. 3. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 37. 

'Voodring, Bramlette, and Kew, 1946, U.S. Geol. Surve:r 

Prof. Paper 207, pl. 28, figs. 14, 15. 

Conus owcnianns Arnold, Hanna and Hertlein, 1943, California 

Div. Mines Bull. 118, p. 172, fig. 63-10. 

?Conus n. sp. Arnold, 1906, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 47, 

p. 84. 

Conu.s j?tancnsis 'Viedey, 1928, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 5, no. 10, p. 123-124, pl. 9, fig. 3. 

Conu.s oweniana (Anderson) var. uncza.mt,s Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, 

no. 3, p. 237, pl. 47,. figs. 1a, b. 

O·riginal description.-Shell small, conical; spire 

moderate, conical; whorls flattened, or concave above; 

suture impressed on young shells; aperture narrow·, 

and straight; surface marked by distinct, fine revolving lines. 

Supplementary description.-Of medium size, profile varying from broad and low spired to slender and 

high spired. Spire consists of about five whorls, profile 

flat to gently concave, sculptured by microscopic 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 1.23 

growth lines with an evenly rounded, shallow antispiral sinus n.nd much fainter spiral striae. Nucleoconch erect, consisting of three smooth, bulbous whorls 

with deeply impressed sutures. Body whorl sharply 

angulated to rounded. Segment of body whorl above 

ftngulation gently concave to flat. Regularly spaced 

light-brown bands preserved on most specimens, with 

interspaces about four times as wide. Profile regularly 

conic; a few specimens have a concave segment above 

the anterior canal. Base with six or more spiral 

grooves, the lower of which become indistinct but are 

bordere~ anteriorly by a rather strong spiral ridge 

that bears nodes on a. few well-preserved specimens. 

Aperture nn.rrow, outer lip very thin, inner lip encrusted by a thin wash of callus. 

811ntupes: Cnlifornin Acnd. Sci. 64, GG. 

~l'mw 1ocalitu: ln the vicinity of B1uker's Ranch [headquarterf:i formerly nf'n r the center of sec. G, T. 2!) S., R. 29 :m., 

Bnlu:-rsflehl fJWHlrnngle]. 'l'his an<l other newly described SI)ecies were collected "chiefly north of the rh·er" (Anderson, 

l90G, p. 187). 

~~~n1e of Conus j'nancnsis Wiedey: San Diego Soc. Nat. History 16. 

~rmw locaut11: SDSNH nnd SU 432, east side of first ridge 

W('St of Syncline Hill, 2 miles west of Simmler, San Luis 

Ohis[lo County, Cnlif. 'l'emblor Formation, middle Miocene. 

'l'y[le of Con1t8 owcniana nn·. 1mcza1ws Loel and Corey: 

Cnlifornin UniY. Mns. Pnleontology 31577. 

~l'1mc locaW11: UOMP All02, west of Nojoqui Creel~ about 

2% miles southwest of Bnellton, Snntn Bnrhnrn County, Cnlif. 

Ynf)ueros ]~'ormation, lower Miocene. 

Oon'l.lS O'Wenian'l.tS Anderson is abundant in the uppermost part of the Olccse Sand and in the lower sandy 

pn,rt of the Round :Mountain Silt near the mouth of 

the !Cern River. A wide range of variation is indieated by a large suite of specimens from USGS localities l\1:1.608, 1Vf1612, ~tnd MJ613 in that area. Two forms 

seem to be recognizable in collections at hand. One 

is a stout, low-spired form with a sharp angulation at 

the top of the body whorl and, in most specimens, a 

slightly concave profile immediately above the base 

o:f: the shell (pl,. 17, figs. 5, 37) ; the profile of the spire 

:is gently concave. This form is abundant at locality 

l\11608. The other is :t slender, moderately high spired 

form with :t rounded angulation and a flat to slightly 

convex spire profile (pl. 17, figs. 6, 7). Roth the stout 

n.nd the slender forms of C. orweniam.ts are represented 

in most of the larger collections that have been examined. Although one form predominates over the· other 

:in certn.in collections, for example, the stout form in 

l\11608 and the slender form in l\11613, many of the 

larger collections contain specimens that strongly suggest an intergradational relationship between these 

morpholog-ic extremes. Another variable characteristic 

that does not seem to be clearly related to either the 

stout or the slender form is the sculpture at the base 

of the body.whorl. A few specimens have a set of six 

or more fairly strong spiral grooves on this part of 

the body whorl. On others, all but the uppermost 

grooves are obsolete but are replaced by strong spiral 

ridges which bear widely spaced nodes on a few wellpreserved specimens. Some specimens have no indication of ,ridges or grooves on the lower part of the 

body whorl. 

In the context of species discrimination among Jnodern eastern Pacific Oceai.1 Conus (1\:een, 1958a; Hill, 

1959; Emerson and Old, 1962; flanna, 1962), it seems 

possible that several species might be represented in 

the material herein included under 0. o1.venianus. Yet 

in the absence of well-preserved color patterns, the 

chief criterion by which many of the Panamic species 

of Conus are differentiated, it is not possible to achieve 

such a fine degree of discrin1ination. The widespread 

use of color markings in species level identifications of 

eastern Pacific Conus is emphasized in Hanna's key to 

\Vest American species ( 1962, p. 12-13). 

Specimens of Con'l.t8 vittat1.ts Bruguiere in U.S. National Museum collections from the Gulf of California 

show a considerable degree of similarity to the slender 

form of C. owenianus. The variable color markings are 

almost identical to the color banding preserved on 

some specimens of the California l\1iocene species, and 

the range of variation in the height of the spire is 

similar. The living species does attain a considerably 

larger adult size than C. owenianus. The stout form of 

C. owenian'lt8 resembles the Holocene C. m·ion Broderip 

(Hanna, 1962; pl. 7, figs. 1, 2, 16), a species that has 

been included as a synonym of 0. vittat'l.t8 by 1nany 

workers. The modern analog <?f C. 01.oenianus is restricted to the tropical Panamic molluscan province 

ranging from Santa Ynez Bay on the west coast of 

the Gulf of California southward to Ecuador (Emerson and Old, 1962). 

Conus moenian1ts belongs to a group of smooth, 

relatively low spired species included in the subgenus 

Chelycon1ts. Although one member of this subgenus, 

C. califm"1tic'l.t8 Hinds, ranges as far north as the central California coast (Hanna, 1962), the others are 

mainly tropical in their modern distribution. They 

range no farther north than l\1agdalena Bay on the 

outer coast of southern Baja California. 

Con'l.ts .iuanensis "Viedey (1928, p. 123-124, pl. 9, fig. 

3), originally believed to be closely similar to 0. 01.oenianus but differing from it by lack of "prominent spiral 

sculpture" and a somewhat higher spire, seems to fall 

within the range of variation of 0. 01.oenian'lt8. It 

should be noted that "Viedey (1928, p. 124) suggested 

that this conclusion might be reached upon comparison 
124 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

with topotype material from the J(ern River district. 

The characteristic spiral color banding on the body 

whorl of C. orweni-anus is not discernible on all specimens, and, as previously noted, the height of the spire 

is subject to much variation. 

Conus o1.oenian1.ts var. ynezanus Loel and Corey is a 

slender form of C. orwenianus with a somewhat concave body-whorl profile. Specimens closely approaching this form are in collections from the Round Mountain Silt. The pattern of spiral sculpture is barely discernible on the holotype. 

Distrib1tUon ancl stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene: 

Painted Rocl.: Sandstone Member of Vaqueros Formation of 

Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Range (Repenning 

and Vedder, 1961) ; Vaqueros Formation-Caliente Range 

(Eaton and others, 1H41), western Santa Ynez Mountains 

(Loel and Corey, 1932). Middle Miocene: Temblor Formation-Cantua Creek (Anderson, 1908), Anticline Ridge (Arnold, 1909; Arnold and Anderson, 1910; 'Voodring and others, 

1940), r .. a Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914; Loel 

and Corey, 1932), Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1941) ; 

Buttonbed Sandstone Member of. Temblor Formation, northern 

Temblor Range (Heilddla and MacLeod, 1951) ; Saltos Shale 

Member of Monterey Shale, of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee, 

(1958) Caliente Range (Repenning and Vedder, 1961) ; "Val]ueros Formation" [Olcese Sand], northern Tejon Hills (Clark 

in Merriam, 1916; Addicott, 1965a) ; Topanga FormationSanta Monica Mountains (\Voodring in Hoots, 1931; Susuki, 

1951), San Joaquin Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958), Santa 

Ana :Mountains (Vedder and 'Voodring, unpub. data, 1953). 

Localities: Middle part of Olcese ·Sand, USGS M1698 ?. Upper. 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11598, l\11600, l\11693 ; UCMP 

B1600, cf. B1616, B1622, B1623. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 

3886, 6063-6066, ?6611-6613, 6622, 6623, 6641, ?13361, l\f1603-

l\11606, M1608, M1610, l\I1612, l\11613, l\f1696, M2480; UCMP 

B1618, B1619, ?B1625, cf. B1633, B1637, B1638. 

Subgenus LITHOCONUS :Morch, 1852 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1889) : 

Conus millepunotatu8 Lamarck. Holocene, IndoPacific. 

Conus (Lithoconus) hayesi Arnold 

Plate 16, figure 24 

Con1ts haye.'l'i Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. Survey Bull, 396, p. 62-

63, pl. 6, fig. 3. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Suney Bull, 398, 

pl. 28, fig. 3. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 165566. 

TmJc locality: "Reef bed'' on 'Vagon 'Vhef'l Mountain, sec. 

36, T. 25 S., R. 18 E., Emigrant Hill <}uadrangle "Vaqnf'ros 

Sandstone" [Escudo Sandstone of Vancouvf'ring and Allf'n, 

1943], middle Miocene. 

Although incomplete, the specimen from near the 

top of the Round Mountain Silt is better preserved 

than Arnold's holotype. It has a rounded shoulder 

above which the body-whorl profile is gently concave. 

Features that indicate specific identity with the holotype from the Escudo Sandstone of Vancouvering and 

Allen (1943) near Devil's Den on the west side of San 

Joaquin Valley are the subsutural carina of the spire 

and faint spiral sculpture above the shoulder of the 

body whorl. 

Conus hayesi appears to be limited to strata of 

middle Miocene age in California. It is closely related 

to the very large 0. fergusoni Sowerby, a Pliocene to 

Holocene species that ranges from the outer coast of 

southern Baja California southward to Peru as noted 

by Arnold ( 1909) and Hanna ( 1962). 

Distribution and strat-igraphic occm·rcnce: "Vaqueros Formation" [Escudo Formation of Vancouvering and Allen, 1943], 

Devil's Den area (Arnold, 1909; Arnold and Anderson, 1910) ; 

Temblor Formation, La Panza Hange (Anderson and Martin, 

1914; Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Saltos Shale Member of Monterey 

Shale of Hill, Carlson, Dibblee ( 1958), Caliente Range ( J. G. 

Vedder, wTitten commun., December 1967) ; Topanga ]!,ormation-Santa Monica Mountains ( Susuld, 1951, cf.), Santa Ana 

Mountains (English, 1926; Vedder and 'Voodring, unpub. data, 

1953, cf.). 

Range: Middle Miocene. 

Locality: Upper part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6611. 

Family TEREBRIDAE 

Genus TEREBRA Bruguiere, 1789 

Type (by monotypy, Lamarck, 1799): Bucoinum 

subulaturn Linne. Holocene, Indo-Pacific. 

Subgenus TEREBRA 

Terebra (Terebra) cooperi Anderson 

Plate 17, figures 21, 27, 31, 33-35 

Tcrcbra coopcri Anderson, 1905, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 3, v. 2, p. 203, pl. 16, figs. 66, 67. 

l;oel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 37. 

?Tcrcbra (subgenus=?) cooperi Anderson, Loel and Corey, 

1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3, p. 236 [not pl. 47, fig. 6]. 

Original desoription.-Shell of moderate size, 

tapering regularly; length 1~6-2 inches, width of body 

whorl lh inch or less; aperture narrow and elongated, 

with simple outer lip; surface ornamented with slightly sinuous vertical ribs or lines closely set on the 

·whorls; inner lip only slightly crusted; columella with 

a narrow oblique fold on the outer side; the upper 1;3 

of the whorls· bearing a constricted band, not clearly 

shown in the figures .. 

Supplementary desoription.-Large, thick, tapering 

more rapidly in early stages of growth. Spire high, 

delicately pointed, sculptured by closely spaced axial 

ribs that are relatively straight on earlier whorls but 

become slightly arcuate below subsutural band on later 

whorls. Penultimate and body whorl usually lack axial 

ribs, although closely spaced axial lines of growth are 
( 

ORDER NEOGASTROPODA · · 125 

usually visible. Spiral sculpture microscopic, usually 

obsolete or abraded. Broad subsutural collar defined by 

faint spiral groove on earlier whorls is usually obsolete 

on body whorl. Earliest sutures strongly tabulate, later. 

ones less so. Body whorl large, relatively smooth with 

well-rounded basal angulation. Aperture subquadrate, 

bearing a single basal fold within corresponding to 

]ower edge of siphona.l fasciole. Upper edge of fasciole 

bounded by a sharp ridge. Columella slightly twisted 

to left. 

~1'11110: Cn liforniu A cud. Sci. 72. 

1'1/1)0 locality: ln the Yicinity of Barker's Ranch [headqunrters formerly nenr the center of sec. G, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Bnl.:ersftehl qundrnngle]. 'l'his nnd other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the rh·er" (Anderson, 

l90u, J). 187). 

This species is represented by a few specimens in 

collections from the upper part of the Olcese Sand and 

overlying fine-grained strata included in the Round 

1\{ountain Silt. It is a large, turreted species with weak 

axial sculpture, a broad but poorly defined subsutural 

band, and a relatively high body whorl. 

Te're7Yra coo1Jeri is similar to the tropical eastern 

Pacific T. st1·i,qata Sowerby, a large species that ranges 

from the Gulf of California southw·ard to Panama 

(ICeen, 1958a, p. 489). The I-Iolocene species differs 

from '1'. coo7Je'li by its more strongly delimited subsutral collar which, on later whorls, becomes progressively broader and tends to occupy nearly half of the 

final whorls. 

Immature specimens are difficult to distinguish from 

other species of Te?·eb?·a from the Olcese Sand and 

Round 1\{onntain Silt. In general they can be differentiated from T. sti'rtoni n. sp. by their 'more numerous, 

straighter axial r.ibs as well as by the weekly defined 

subsutural band. 

A slender species represented by much smaller specimens than rPm·eb?·a coo7Je?·i, 'l'erebra n. sp., resembles 

immature growth stages ofT. cooperi. Were_it not for 

the narrow subsutural collar clearly defined by a fairly 

deep groove, the slender outline, and closely spaced 

axial ribs, this species might be considered a slender 

vnriant of T. cooJJe?i. 

A short, stout form. of 'l1e'reb?·a coope1i (pl. 17, fig. 

35) occurs nt n locality in the upper part of the Olcese 

Snncl (USGS 1\1:1600). As far as is known, T. coopm·i 

is restricted to beds considered to be of middle Miocene 

age based on megafossil evidence. Occurrences from 

three localities in the La Panza Range of eastern San 

Luis Obispo County reported by Loel and Corey ( 1932, 

p. 111) are considered doubtful because their figured 

specimen (pl. 47, fig. 6), although not sufficiently well 

preserved to be specifically identified, has areas of dis378-855 0-70-9 

cernible sculpture that suggest it is not properly identified as T. cooperi. The subsutural callus on this specimen is narrower and bordered by a 1nore deeply incised 

line than on T. cooperi and the axial ribs on the body 

whorl are much stronger and more closely spaced than 

on the J(ern River specimens. 

Distrib?tUon ancl stratigraphic occurrence: Lower Miocene : 

Vaqueros Formation, La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932?). 

Middle Miocene: Monterey Shale, western Napa County 

0Veaver, 1949) ; Temblor Formation, I .. u Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Sultos Shale 

:Member of Monterey Shnle of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (.J. G. Vedder, written comnnm., December, 1967) ; "Vaqueros- Formation" [Olcese Sand], north~rn 

Tejon Hills (Clark in Merriam, 1916; Addicott, 1965a) ; Topanga Formation, Santa :Monica Mountains (Grunt in Soper, 

1938 ; Susuld, 1951). 

Range: 1\Iiddle Miocene (early l\Iiocene occurrences of r ... oel 

nnd Corey, 1932, are doubtful). 

LocalUies: Upver part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890, l\U597, 

cf. l\Il598, l\11600; UCl\IP B1587, ?B1588, B1600, B1622. Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS 6064 ?, ?6074, l\Il605, M1610, cf. l\11612, 

l\£1613 ; TJCMP B1638. 

Terebra (Terebra) n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 18, 19, 30 

Small with a rapid apical tapering in posterior half 

of spire. Early whorls sculptured by strong, nearly 

straight axial ribs and a narrow subsutural collar set 

off by a fairly strong groove. Body whorl sculptured 

by very fine spiral striae and n poorly defined subsutural collar. Base of the body whorl evenly rounded. 

Outer apertural lip thin, evenly rounded; columella 

nearly vertical, anterior canal twisted slightly to the 

left. Siphonal fasciole set off above by a sharply raised 

ridge. 

·Height 18.9 mm, width 4.7 mm. 

F1gu,recl specimen: U.S. Natl. 1\Jus. GG0233. 

Locality: USGS l\U597, in an abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 3GO feet west of NE. cor. sec. 

!J, T. 29 S., R. 20 E., Oil Center quadrnngle. Uvver part of 

Olcese Snnd, middle Miocene. 

This new species is represented by a few small, possibly immnture specimens from the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand. It differs from immature growth stages 

of the somewhat similar Tm·ebra coope1•i by its very 

slender shell, nontabulate sutures, a narrower and more 

clearly defined subsutural collar and, in some specimens, very closely spaced axial ribs. Most of these differences are readily discernible on comparable growth 

stages of each species. 

Occurrence: Upper 1mrt of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 1\11597. 

Subgenus FUSOTEREBRA Sacco, 1891 

Type (by original designation) : F1.t8U8 tP.relnvina 

Bonelli, Tortonian (Miocene), Italy. 
126 MIOCENE· GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN ·RIVER· AREA; CALIFORNIA 

Terebra (Fusoterebra 1) adelaidana Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 16, 17 

Of medium size, slender, with strongly wrinkled 

axial sculpture. Spire consisting of about 10 whorls. 

Axial sculpture of about 14 ribs with larger but indistinctly bordered interspaces. Axial ribs gently inclined 

in an anterior direction and more or less continuous 

from one whorl to the next although at least one new 

rib is added to each successive whorl. Spiral sculpture 

lacking. Axial ribs slightly recurved in an aper:tural 

direction immediately below the suture on the body 

whorl. Base of body whorl with a distinct angulation 

marked by slight local antispiral sinus on axial ribs. 

Columellar lip vertical, encrusted by narrow callus. 

Sip~onal fasciole poorly defined, bearing four mi~roscopic grooves. 

Height 16.4Inm, width 4.9 mm. 

Tyt~e: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650232. 

Type locality: USGS l\11597, in an abandoned roadbed at 

mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. 

cor. sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

This unique terebrid does not seem to have a modern 

analog in the Recent fauna of the eastern Pacific 

Ocean. It is similar in some respects and may be related 

subgenerically to Terebra isopleura Pilsbry and Lowe 

(1932; pl. 1, fig. 6), a Holocene species from the northern part of the Panamic molluscan province which has 

been doubtfully assigned to the subgenus Microtrypetes by Keen ( 1958a, p. 489). It differs from T. 

isopleura a~ well a·s from the type of Microtrypetes 

(T. iola Pilsbry and Lowe) by having a narrower, 

rather long anterior canal and lacking spiral sculpture. 

The subgenus Fusoterebra Sacco ( 1891, p. 59), is 

based upon Terebra terebrina (Bonelli), a longitudinally ribbed species with a moderately long anterior 

canal. Cossmann's figure ( 1896, pl. 4,. fig. 14) of T. terebrina is similar to T. adelaidana. It differs principally 

in the more closely spaced, nearly vertical axial ribs. 

It is possible, however, that Cossmann's figure of the 

Tortonian species may not be characteristic because all 

but one of Sacco's figures of T. terebrina and varieties 

(1891a, pl. 2, figs. 70-75) .show one or more spiral rows 

of nodes on the crests of the axial ribs. 

Occu.rrcncc: Uppe.r part of Olcese Sand, U~GS loc. l\11597. 

Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. l\11613. 

Subgenus STRIOTEREBRUM Sacco, 189-1 

Type (by original designation) : ·Te'rebra basteroti 

N yst. Miocene, ·Italy and ·France ( Cossmann,. 1896, 

p. 50). 

Terebra (Strioterebrum) stirtoni Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 11, 12, 20 

Moderately large, thick shelled, with a well-defined 

subsutural collar. Spire evenly tapered, whorls short, 

suture subtabulate. Axial sculpture of vertical ribs near 

apex. that become arcuate and less regularly spaced 

on later whorls. Spiral sculpture of very fine to microscopic striae discernible on well-preserved specimens. 

Subsutural collar bounded below by deeply incised 

spiral··groove. Body whorl with subdued axial sculpture, base strongly angulated. Aperture subquadrate, 

inner lip with thick callus. Anterior canal twisted to 

lett. Siphonal fasciole set off by sharp ridge. Columella with strong basal fold and weak fold above. 

Height (almost complete) 26mm, width 7.8 mm. 

Type: U.S. Nat!. 1\fus. 650330. 

Type locality: USGS M1613, east side of gully about 25 feet 

above base and 20 feet stratigraphically above l\U612, 1,300 feet 

north, 1,450 feet east of SW. cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., 

Oil Center quadrangle. ·Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene. 

Tereb'ra stirtoni n. sp. is known from a few localities 

in the upper part of the Olcese Sand and the lower, 

sandy part of the overlying Round Mountain Silt. It 

can be readily distinguished from T. cooperi, with 

which it is usually found, by its less strongly tapered 

shell, strong subsutural collar, well-developed axial 

sculpture on later whorls, shorter whorl height, and 

strong basal angulation. Although several large specimens (maximum height 47 mm) are in the collections, 

none are sufficiently well preserved to designate as halotype. The relatively small specimen selected as the type 

of T. stirtoni is representative of the sculpture and 

profile of th_e larger specimens. 

Specimens in the lT.S. National Museum collections 

labeled Terebra fiuct-uosa Berry from Santa Maria 

Bay, Baja California (USNM 267750), are similar to 

T. stirtoni. The 1-Aodern analog differs chiefly by its 

more sinuous axial ribbing of the body whorl. In other 

respects it is closely similar to the midcTie Miocene 

species. 

Immature specimens of Tereb1·a sti1•toni (less than 

10 mm in height) are abundant at a few localities. 

They are more coarsely ribbed and have a weaker subsutural collar than the adult specimens figured on 

plate 17. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Round 1\louritain Silt, USGS locs. 3886, 6065, 6622,· 6623, cf. 

M1603, l\[1605, l\U608, l\U610, M1612, l\11613, M2480; ·ucl\IP 

locs. B1588; B1638. 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 127 

Terebra (Strioterebrum) n. sp. ~ 

Plate 17, figures 14, 15 

Small, with narrow, well-defined subsutural collar 

bordered below by a weak groove. Spiral sculpture 

relatively coarse. Axial sculpture of prominent, slightly curved ribs on. whorls of spire, \Yea.kening on final 

half turn of body ";horl. 

I-Ieight 7.6 mm, width 2.4 1nm. 

Pignrccl St>ecimcn: U.S. Nntl. Mus. 650230. 

Localit11: USGS l\i1597, in nn abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 

Ci, 'l~. 29 S., R. 29 ID., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle :Miocene. 

Th~ few small specimens of this spirally sculptured 

terebrid may represent an undescribed species, but in 

the absence of more material and larger specimens, the 

relationship to other species cannot be satisfactorily 

determined. The coarse spiral sculpture and rather 

fine, closely spaced axial ribs permit separation from 

Te7·e7J'ra sti1·toni n. sp., the species it most closely 

resembles. 

Specimens in U.S. National J\{useum collections from 

localities in the Gulf of California (USNM 267839, 

268708) arranged under the heading "Terebra (Striote'reb7'lt'ln) dion~Jeda B [ erry]" are similar to this 

species. They are comparably small and slender but 

nre more coarsely sculptured. 

0CC111'rcnco: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Genus HASTULA H. and A. Adams, 1853 

Type (by subsequent designation, Cossmann, 1896, 

p. 53) : B'l.tecin'l.tm st'l·igilat'l.t'ln Linne. Holocene, IndoPacific. · 

Hastula gnomon Keen 

Plate 17, figures 23-26 

1Iastn1.(t gno·m.on Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nnt. History 

~rrnns., v. 10, no. 2, Jl. 47, pl. 4, fig. 11. 

'1'1J1JCS: Holotype, Stanford Univ. Jlnleontology type colln. 

7536; pnrntypes, California Univ. l\fus. Paleontology 33311, 

33312, 3G67Ci, 35676. 

~L'mw loca.lUy: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contnct neitr center of SW% sec. 6, T. 2!) S., R. 30 E., Caliente 

qundrnngle. Lower part of Round l\lonntnin Silt, middlf' l\iiocene (prounhly same ns USGS l\l1612 nnd UCl\IP B1637). 

This smnll species can be distinguished from immature specimens of Te'l·eb1·a, with which it occurs, by the 

weak axinl ribs that become obsolete on the lower part 

of the penultimate whorl and body whorL A further 

difference is the lack of a subsutural collar. 

H ast1.tla is n. tropical genus. The only species described from the eastern Pacific area in addition to 

I-I. gnom_on is Il. l'l.tet'l.wsa I-Iinds, a I-Iolocene species 

ranging from Cannen Island, Gulf of California, 

Mexico (Emerson and Puffer, 1957) to Panama (I{een, 

1958a). This slender Holocene species attains a much 

larger size than H. gnonwn. Other differences are the 

larger sutural angle of 11. Zuctuosa and its greater 

number of axial ribs, which are more strongly developed on the later whorls. 

Distrib1ttion and stratigraph·ic occurrence: Saltos Shale 

Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range, Calif. (.J. G. Vedder, written commun., 

December 1967). 

Range: l\Iiddle Miocene. 

Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6890. Lower 

part of Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS 6641, l\:[1613, l\11696; 

UCMP 2713, B1611. 

Family TURRIDAE 

Subfamily TURRINAE 

Genus POLYSTIRA Woodring, 1928 

Type (by original designation) : Ple·urot01na alb ida 

Perry. Holocene, vVest Indies and Florida; Pliocene, 

Florida (Fargo in Olsson and I-Iarbison, 1953, p. 368). 

Bartsch ( 1934, p. 8.) maintained that Woodring's 

original designation of Pleu'l·otO'Ina albida Perry could 

not be used as the type of Polysti1·a, because the name 

was originally proposed for n New Zealand turrid that 

differed from the Caribbean species upon which 

'V'oodring based his new genus. According to Powell 

(1964, p. 315), however, the original Indo-Pacific 

record of P . . albida is erroneous, the species bein 0' . b 

restricted to the Caribbean. Holocene 'Vest American 

species of this genus have been placed in Pleu'l•oli1•ia 

Gregorio by I{een (1958a, p. 476), a genus that Woodring (1928, p. 145-146) differentiated from Polystira. 

by its weak peripheral keel and protoconch of four 

whorls. Powell (1964) considered Plew·oliria to be 

ancestral to Polysti1·a and lists its stratigraphic occurrences as Eocene and Oligocene. 

Polystira englishi Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 17, figures 28, 29, 36, 38, 39 

Moderately large, stout. Spire consisting of 41h 

whorls angulated above 1nidpoint by a strong keel 

edged by two fine threads. Two spiral cords occur below the angulation, a third between the suture and the 

angulation. Later whorls with secondary and tertiary 

spiral threads and fine to 1nicroscopic axial lines of 

growth that form a finely reticulate microsculpture. 

Body whorl slightly convex in profile, strongly constricted below, keel reduced in prominence. Suture narrowly subtabulate. Spiral sculpture of a single spiral 

cord above the flat-topped, finely bicarinate "keel" and 
128 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

three below. Exterior roughened by irregularly spaced 

axial growth lines on final half turn. Inner lip of 

aperture encrusted by a thin callus. Anterior canal 

moderately long and straight. Columella umbilicate, 

siphonal fasciole well developed. 

Length (incomplete) 59.5 mm, width 21.5 mm 

( holotype) . 

Tmws: Holotype, California Acad. Sci. 12938; para type, CAS 

12937. 

Type locality: CAS 2064 [ = CAS 65], west bank of small 

canyon 11,4 miles northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably 

in NE1,4SE14. sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle]. 

The type material of Polystira englishi is from near 

the top of the Olcese Sand. A smaller specimen from 

the collections at the University of California, Berkeley 

(pl. 17, figs. 28, 29), is referable to this species, although the carina is not as strongly developed as in 

the larger specimens. Although precise locality data 

for this specimen are lacking (UCMP loc. 2716 "Miocene of l(ern River"), its joint occurrence with Hastula 

gnomon. Cancellaria nevadanus, Oylichna loisnwrtinm, 

N assarius arnoldi, and "M actra sectoris" in light-grayish-brown silty, very fine sand matrix suggests that the 

collection was made from the basal, sandy part of the 

Round Mountain Silt. This part of the Round Mountain Silt is well exposed and most fossiliferous about a 

mile west of the 1nouth of J(ern River Gorge, in sec. 1, 

T. 29 S. R. 29 E., and in sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E. 

Polystira englishi resembles specimens of P. owytropis (Sower by) , a Holocene inner sublittoral species 

ranging from the Gulf of California to Colombia 

(l(een, 1958a, p. 477) but has a much weaker carina. 

The living species is adjudged sufficiently similar to be 

considered a modern analog. The genus has not previously been reported from the Pacific coast Tertiary. 

Occurrence: UDDer part of Olcese Sand, CAS loc. 2064 

(loc. 65). ?Lower Dart of Round :Mountain Silt, UC:\IP loc. 

2716. 

Genus XENUROTURRIS Iredale, 1929 

Type (by original designation) : "'Ye11/ltrotu1'7'i8 legiti-

'lna Iredale=Pleurotoma cingulifera Lamarck (Powell, 

1~64, p. 321-322). Holocene, tropical Indian Ocean and 

Pacific Ocean. 

Xenuroturris antiselli (Anderson and Martin) 

· Plate 19, figures 3, 15 

D1·illia anUsctli Ande'i·'son and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc, ser. 4, v. 4, p. !13, pl. 7, figs. 2a, h. 

'!Clathrotldllin (Jlfoniliovsis) aht1selli (Anderson and Martin), 

Etherington, 1931, California Univ., De})t. Geo'l. Sci. 

Bull., v. 20, no. 5, p. 113, l)l. 14, figs. 16, 18, 19. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., DeDt. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Thesbia nntiselU (Anderson and Martin), 'Veaver, 1942, Washington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 538, pl. 

99, fig. 10, [?figs. 8, 9). 

"Thesbia" antiselli (Anderson and :Martin), l\Ioore, 1963, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 47-48, pl. 10, figs. 6, 

12, 13, 15. 

Tyves: Holotype, California A cad. Sci. 226 ; cotype, CAS 

227. 

Type local-ity: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 114 miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UCl\IP 

B1586, near center of NW% SE% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

This species is referred to Xenuroturris, a Holocene 

Indo-Pacific and Japanese genus not previously report· 

ed from the eastern Pacific, because of the strong resemblance to the HolocPne X. cing1.tlijera (Lam9,rck) 

(I(ira, 1962, pl. 35, fig. 9), the type of Xenurotu,'J"'l'is. 

The eastern Pacific genus which comes closest to accommodating X. antiselli is Gentntula. The principal 

features by which the Miocene species is excluded from 

that genus are its short anterior canal and nonbeaded 

posterior sinus band. 

Moore (1963, p. 48) has shown that previous assignment of this species to Thesbia is incorrect because of 

basic differences in sculpture and configuration of the 

posterior sinus. Moore's specimens of "T." antiselli 

from the Astoria Formation ( 1963, pl. 10, figs. 6, 12, 

13, 15) have fewer spiral ribs than the California 

Miocene specimens, but variation within the latter 

group is such that inclusion of the Astoria turrids in 

this species seems warranted. 

Xenuroturris antiselli is represented by scattered 

specimens in collections from the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand and the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. There is considerable variation in spiral 

sculpture. Usually two spiral cords occur below the 

medial keel, although on some specimens, secondary 

spirals are intercalated. 

Specimens from the Astoria Formation of southwestern vVashington identified as "Olath1·od1illia'~ 

antiselli by Etherington (1931, p. 112, pl. 14, figs. 16. 

18, 19) have a relatively convex whorl profile and lack 

the well-defined, keeled angulation characteristic of 

this species. In view of these differences, they are conside red doubtful occurrances of X enurot1.tr1is antiselli. · 

Distrib1tMon and 8f1·aMgravhic occ1wrcnce: Astoria Formation, southwestern 'Vashington (Etherington, 1931 ?) , coastal 

Oregon (Moore, 1963) ; Temblor Formation, La Panza Range 

(Anderson and Martin, 1914) ; Loel and Corey, 1932) ; Tovanga Formation, Santa l\Ionica Mountains (Grant in Soper, 

1938). 

Range: Lower Miocene ( ?) to l\:lidclle Miocene. 

LocalU,ies: Basal part of .Jewett Sand, USGS loc. l\11591'?. 

Ul)})er part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\l1597. Lower part of Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS l\12480. 

..... 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 129 

Subfamily TURRICULINAE 

Genus TURRICULA Schumacher, 1817 

Type (by monotypy) : T~t/rriC'I.tla fianunea Schumacher. Hecent, East Indies. 

Turricula ochsneri (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 18, figures 1-3, 6, 12, 13 

D1·ilUa (aft:.) torosct. [Cnrpenter], Arnold, 1960, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Pnper 47, p. 84. 

Drillia. ochsncri. Anderson and 1\Jnrtin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. o, }). 90-91, pl. 6, figs. fln. h, c. 

~l'nrrioula. ochM1.c·ri. (Anderson nnd :\lartin), Grnnt and Gale. 

1931, Snn Diego Soc. Nn.t. History Mem., v. 1. p. 488. 

Loel nnd Corey, 1932, Cnlifornia Univ., DP.pt. Geol. Sci. 

Buli., v. 22, no. 3. p. 174. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 37. 

TmTicnla cf. ochsnc1·i (Anderson and :Martin), Loel and Corey, 

1932. Cnlifornill Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 

3. J). 238. 

'l'u.rrimtln oschncri (Anderson n nd Martin), Cia rk, 192!), Strntigl'tlphy nnd fnunnl horizons of the Coast. Ranges of 

California. pl. 27, figs. o, 6 [reproductions of Drillia 

wil.~toni Anderson and Martin (1914, pl. 6, fig!:t 10c, h, 

respectively)] ; pl. 28. fig. 7. 

1J1·ilUa. 1v(lsoni Anderson :md Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 5, p. 91, vi. 6, figs. lOa, b, c. 

'l'nr1'icnla. 'lVilson:i (Anderson and Martin), Clark, 1929, Strntigl'fil)hy nnd faunal horizons of the Coast Ranges of California. pl. 27, fig. 7. 

J .. oel nnd Corey, 1932, California Univ., De1)t. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

7'1t1Ti01tla. Ub11a. Dnll, 1919, U.S. Nntl. Mus. Proc., v. 56, no. 

~2R8, p. 2-~. pl. 2, fig. 5. 

7'1t.1'1T1C1tla ( '1.'1w1·icttla) libya Da11, Keen, 1958, Sea shells of 

tropicnl west America, marine mollusks from Lower 

Cnlifornin to Colombia, p. 4.74, fig. 899. 

~L'1f1JC.· Cnlifomift Acnd. Sci. 211'i. 

Tmw locality: CAS 6G, wl:'st hnnk of small canyon 11/,, miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchouse [probably same as UCMP 

B1586, near center of N'Vl,(lSFJ% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

BraYo Ranch ()nadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese :5and, middlE' 

Miocene. 

'rype of D1·i1Ua. ~vil::?oni: On lifornin Acncl. Sci. 218. 

~I'1J1W localit1J.· CAS 126, in hed ·of small creek near center 

of sec. 34, ~e. 28 S., R. 15 E., "lower l\fiocene" fprobnbly middle Miocene], Ln Pnnza. Range, San Lnis Ohispo County, Calif. 

~rype of 7.'1t1Ticu.la l'ilJ1}a: U.S. Nntl. l\Ius. 96576. 

~/'1J1JC locnUtu: U.S. Buren n of Fisheries Station 2830, .off 

Cape Snn Lncns, Bnja California, in 66 fathoms. 

T'lllrric?..tla ochsne1•i includes a relatively small group 

o:f specimens from the lower part of the Round Mountain Silt characterized by nodose, strongly angulated 

:whorls. Two fairly distinct forms are recognized. The 

more common is the strongly noded form (pl. 18, figs. 

3, 12, 13) characterized by a short, strongly concave 

subsutural profile. The relatively scarce weakly noded 

fonn (pl. 18, figs. 1, 2, 6) has a long, gently concave 

subsutura) slope and a more elongate, less turreted 

spire. The strongly noded form is angulated at the 

midpoint of the whorl or slightly above and has a 

prominent concave subsutural slope. The weekly noded 

form is angulated well below the 1nidpoint. The surface of better preserved specimens of the strongly 

noded form is virtually smooth, whereas the other form 

has rather fine spiral cords on the lower part of the . 

body whorl similar to Anderson and Martin's figures 

(1914, pl. 6, figs. 9a, 9b, 9c). These differences are considered o'f infrasubspecific rank because the two forms 

appear to intergrade in collections from USGS locality 

M1613 in the lower part of the Round l\1:ountain Silt. 

There is also a remarkably silnilar variation in whorl 

profile and elongation of the spire in a closely related 

species, T. piercei (Arnold), which occurs with T. 

ochsneri. 

As Grant and Gale (1931, p. 488) have observed, the 

differences between T~u·ricula ochsne1·i and T. ~oilsoni, 

a species described frmn the middle l\1:iocene strata of 

eastern San ~uis Obispo County, do not seem to warrant recognition as separate species. Perhaps the latter 

could be recognized as a slender, coarsely noded form 

of T. ochsneri. Grant and Gale's pelief ( 1931) that T. 

ochsneri is intergradational with T. ]Jie1·cei is not indicated by collections containing large representations 

of both species. 

The Holocene analog of Tu1"1'imtla ochsneri has been 

considered to beT. libya Dall by Addicott and Vedder 

( 1963, p. C65). Subsequent comparison of Dall's holotype (USNl\1: 96576) and three topotypes (USNM 

537873) with T. ochsneri indicate that the principal 

difference between them is the somewhat deeper posterior sinus of T. libya. The apex of the sinus also 

occurs somewhat lower on the body whorl of T. libya. 

These differences are so slight that it seems advisable 

to include Dall's species (1919, p. 2-3, pl. 2, fig. 5) 

as a synonym. Modern records of this species are from 

the Cape Lucas region of Baja California t~ Mazatlan 

in depths of 20-66 fathoms (1\::een, 1958a, p. 474). 

Distrib1tt1on nml :OJtni.t1graphic occu.rrcncc.· Lower l\Iiocene: 

Vaqueros Formation-San Emigdio Mountains ( ?) , Ventura 

basin ( cf. )· (I..oel and Corey, 1932) ·; Painted Rock Sandstone 

Member of Vaqueros Formation of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1H58), Caliente Range (Repenning and Vedder, 1!)61). Middle 

Miocene: Temblor Formation, La Panza Range (Anderson and 

Martin, 1914; Loel and CorE>y, 1932) ; Saltos Shale Member 

of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee (1958), Caliente Rauge (Repenning and Vedder, 1961) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains Susuld, 1951), Santa Ana 

Mountains (Vedder and 'Voodring, unpub. data, 1953, cf.) ; 

San Onofre Breccia, northwestern PE>ninsuln Range C'Voodford, 1925). Upper l\fiocE>ne: Santa Margarita Formation, Fruitvale Oil l!"ield (Gale in Preston, 1931). Holocene: Cape San 

Lucas to l\fazatlnn (Keen, 1958a). 

Rnngc: Lower :Miocene to Holocene. 
130 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Locnlities: ·Middle part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1698 cf. 

Upper part of Olcese Sand, UC:MP B1623. Round Mountai~ 

Silt, USGS 3886, 6063, cf. 6065, 6623, 6641, M1608, l\11609, 

l\U612, l\U613 ; UCMP B1618 cf., B1638. 

Turricula piercei (Arnold) 

Plate 18, figures 4, 5, 7-9 

Plc1trotoma (BathytOJna.) picrcci Arnold, 1909, U.S. Geol. ·survey Bull. :396, p. 61-62, pl. 9, fig. 7. 

Arnold and Anderson, 1910, U.S. Geol. Survey Buil. 398, 

pl. 31, fig. 7. 

Bnthytotna pie1·cci Anderson and l\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 42. 

Tm'l'icnln ( Antiplancs) picrcci (Arnold), Loel and Corey, 1932, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

Tu.rricula J)icrcci (Arnold), Grant and Gale, 1931, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, p. 488. 

Loel and Corey, 1!)32, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 37. 

"Clavatnln" cf. "C." labiata (Gabh), 'Voodring, 1946, U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 207, pl. 28, fig. 9. 

Original description.-Shell averaging about 50 mm 

in length, turriculated, fusiform. 'Vhorls probably 

about six (type decollete) moderately prominently 

angulated about middle of whorl; posterior surface 

slightly concave, anterior·surface prominently convex; 

the convexity of the posterior portion of the body 

whorl is most pronounced just back of the angle; 

body whorl regularly rounded below. Surface of 

whorls faintly spirally sculptured below; lines of 

growth are also visible in well-preserved specimens. 

Suture impressed, distinct. Aperture and canal imperfect but believed to be similar to B. carpenteriana. 

S1tJJplmnentary description based on !{ern River 

1naterial.--Of medium size, slender, surface smooth. 

Spire consists of about five whorls not including protoconch. Protoconch of between two and three whorls, 

defective or abraded in available specimens. Uppermost whorls of spire with eight or nine nodes that define a knobby angulation just above anterior suture. 

Faint groove on upper part of earlier whorls forms 

weak subsutural band on many specimens. :Microscopic 

spiral sculpture of fine cords best developed above 

angulation on spire, coarser spirals on lower part of 

body whorl starting at about basal angulation and becoming relatively coarser toward base. Axial sculpture 

of microscopic lines of growth defining a moderately 

deep lT-shaped sinus, with apex slightly below midpoint of concave subsutural slope. Aperture narrow, 

outer lip thin. Canal of moderate length slightly Inclined to left. Columella covered by thin callus. 

7'ypc: U.S. Natl. ::\Ius. 165578. 

Type local-ity: USGS 4631, T1trritclla ocoyann bed in SE1,4 

NE% sec. 16, T. 19 S., R. 15 E., 10 miles north of Coalinga. 

Near top of so-called Vaqueros Formation, middle Miocene. 

The type of Turricula piercei is a large, incomplete 

specimen from middle Miocene strata north of Coalinga, Calif. The shell material has been recrystallized 

and eroded somewhat. These changes make comparison 

of details of sculpture of well-preserved !(ern River 

· material with the holotype dfficulty, yet the gross 

similarities suggest that the material is conspecific with 

Arnold's' species. The earliest whorls are invariably 

noded and this may have led Grant and Gale (1931, 

p. 488) to consider T. piercei as a probable weakly 

noded variant of T. oclisneri (Anderson and Martin) . 

Although some difficulty might be encountered in 

recognizing juvenile specimens of these species, the 

adults are clearly separable from each other in the 

collections on the basis of the slender profile and 

smooth later whorls of T. piercei. On immature specimens or on early whorls of T. piercei, the nodes are 

relatively much weaker and less elongate than on 

comparable specimens of T. ochsneri. As with T. 

ochsneri, there is a strongly noded form on which nodes 

may persist onto the penultimate whorl. The body 

whorl, however, is much more slender than on T. 

ochsneri. Adult specimens of 1'. piercei vary considerably in spire height and in the position of the 

angulation on the penultimate whorl. 

Dhil·ribution a.ncl strnt-ig·raphic occurrence: "Vaqueros Formation," Coalinga anticline (Arnold, 1909; Arnold and Anderson, 1910) ; Temblor Formation-Anticline Ridge ('Voodring 

and others, 1940), La Panza Range (Anderson and :Martin. 

1914; Loel and Corey, 1932). 

Ra.ngc: l\:Hddle Miocene. 

LocnUtics: 1\fiddle part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\f1698?. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS 6624, cf. M1597, l\f1598; UCMP B1586, 

B1593, B15M, Bl600, B1614-B1616, B1640. Round l\Iountain 

Silt, USGS 3886, 6064, cf. 6065, 6066, 6621-6623, 6641, l\11604, 

cf. M1606, M1608-l\I1610, l\f1612, l\U613; UCMP B1611, cf. B1618, 

B1638. 

Turricula 1 buwaldana (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 18, figures 10, 11, 14, 18, 19; plate 19, figure 4 

Drillia bu.waldana. Anderson and :\lartin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 92, l)l. 7, figs. 3a, 3b, 3c. 

Clnth-rod1'illia bmvalclan(l, (Anderson and Martin), Loel and 

Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

?Clathrod1·ilUa cf. bmwlclnna (Anderson and Martin), Loel 

and Corey, 1H32, California Univ., De1)t. Geol. Sci. Bull., 

v. 22, No. 3, p. 238, pl. 46, figs. 6a, 6b, 7n, 7b. 

Turricu.la bn-waldan(l, (Anderson and l\Iartin), Keen, 1943, San 

Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 37. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 223. 

Type l.occtUty: CAS G8, on north bank of Kern River about 

three-fourths of a mile west of power station [probably in 

N~J% sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. 

Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

Tentative assignment of this species to Turricula 

is based on the relatively long anterior canal, poorly 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 131 

developed posterior :fasciole, and strong degree of 

sim-ilarity to other l\1iocene species herein assigned to 

this genns. Olath,rocln'llict or 01Yt.Ssispi1·a, genera with 

which this species mn.y seem to be more closely allied, 

differ by having n. varix behind the aperture. The subsutural band described by Anderson andl\fartin (1914,. 

p. 92) is present on less than half of the individuals 

examined during this study. 

"PM~ulomelatoma,'' tm·osa (Carpenter), a Pleistocene and }Tolocene species that ranges from l\1onterey, 

Calif., to Scammons Lagoon, Baja California (Palmer, 

1958, p. 233), is closely related to this species. Principal clitrerences between the bvo are the more numerous, relatively weaker n.xial nodes of the l\1iocene species and the more pronounced constriction at the base 

o:f its body whorl. Late Pleistocene specimens of "P." 

to1·osa :h·orn San Nicolas Island, Calif. (1JSGS loc. 

21.653), exhibit n, fn.irly broad range of variation from 

stout, strongly noded individuals to slender ones with 

elongate n.x:ial nodes. The configuration of the turrid 

notch, which is closer to that of 1'. bu/walclana than 

to the type of Pseuclomelat01na, P. JJenicillata (Carpenter), in addition to the aforementioned similarities 

of the slender form, suggests generic affinity with 

rp'lt1'1'lCU,la? b~twaldana. According to unpublished'notes 

at the 1T.S. National 1\1useum, Paul Bartsch intended 

to place "P." to'rosa: T~t'l'1'ic~tla libya Dall, and 1'. 

1·ena~tdi :in n. new genus which he considered most 

close] y related to P se~ulO?nelatO?na. 

The subsutural ·band described by Anderson and 

1\{artin (1.014, p. 92) is not developed on many of the 

individuals exn.mined during this study. 'Vhere present, 

:it is o:ften on smaller specimens and is usually defined 

by a broad .groove or a raised spiral cord as in 

01·a"~si8pi1·a.. As on ·Some specimens of T~trrimtla 

ochwne1·i, the axial ribs ·of this species tend to become 

obsolete on the body 'whorl of larger specimens. 

Spiral sculpture occurring on the low·er part of the 

body whorl o:f: small specimens also tends to become 

obsenre on adult individuals. A. characte6stic property 

of better preserved specimens is the yellow hue of the 

outermost shell layer, a feature that permits ready 

discrimination o:f: some of the badly worn individuals 

from the somewhat similar .. T. JJim·cei with which it 

occurs. 

Two small specimens from the Vaqueros Formation 

figured a.s Olath?·od1·illia cf. bwwaldana by Loel and 

Corey ( 1932, pl. 46, figs. 6n., 6b, 7 a·, 7b) are considered 

doubtful identifications. One specimen is too poorly 

preserved to permit confident specific identification; 

the other' has axial ribs that are continuous from 

sutlme to sutnre on the spire. Specimens of T. b~t1.oaldana of eomparable size have a concave subsutural 

segment devoid of axial ribbing. It seems probable 

that these specimens represent a different species. 

D-ist·rilmt-ion anll strat-igra.]JlL'ic occnrrcncc: Middle Miocene : 

Topanga Formation, Santa Monica l\fountains (Grant in Soper, 

1938, cf. ; Susuki, 1951) . 

.lla:n{fc: l\fiddle Miocene (early l\Hocene record of Loel and 

Corey, 1932, probably is of another species). 

Loca.l·itics: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11597, cf. 

:1\H59H, M1602; UCMP B1624. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 

3886, 6063, cf. 6065, 6067, 6622, 6623, l\Il608, l\f1612, M1613, 

cf. l\12480; UCMP B1637, B1638. 

Genus KNEFASTIA Dall, 1919 

Type (by original designation) : Pleu1•otO?na olivacea 

Sower by. I-Iolocene, Gulf of California to Ecuador 

(l(een, 1958a, p. 446). 

Knefastia garcesana Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 18, figure 24 

Large, strongly turreted, consisting of more than 

five whorls. LmYer part of penultimate whorl' s~ulptured by an estimated seven retractive :;txial folds 

that are strongest at angulation. Spiral sculpture .of 

about five cords below angulation. Profile s~rongly 

concave above angulation, slightly ~onvex belo~. 

Suture appressed, with faint collar below. Body whorl 

with more subdued axial ribs that do. not extend to 

basal constriction. About 18 spiral cords occur between 

angulation and base of columella. Anterior cana~ moderately long, stout. 

Height (nearly complete) 60 mm, width 25 1nm. 

~rypc latex cast of an external mold) : U.S. Natl. 1\Ius. 

650255. 

Type local-ity: USGS l\116.07, higher of two concretionary 

sandstone ledges approximately 30 feet helow contact with 

boulder gravels of the Kern River Formation (of Anderson, 

1911; Brooks, 1952), 1,650 feet north, 650 feet east of S,V. 

cor. sec. 11, T. 2!) S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrnngl£:'. 

Round l\lountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

[{ nef(J)3tia ga1·cesana is represented by an incomplete 

external mold from near the top of the Round l\1ountain Silt. Only one other species of [{nef(J)3tia has been 

reported from the Ca.lifornia :Miocene, [{. cf. [{. f'uniculata (Valenciennes) ('Voodring and others, 1946, · p. 

27, pl. 28, fig. 1:1). That specimen differs from·.[{. 

ga1·cesana by its subsutural callus, the greater number 

of nodes, and less pronounced angulation. There is an 

unreported occurrence of l{nef(J)3tia in the Topanga 

Formation of the San Joaquin I-Iills, Orange County, 

Calif. ( J. G. Vedder, written commun., December 

1.967). 

The l(ern R.iver species is most closely related to 

several specimens in a U.S. National l\1useum collection from ·station 2822 in 21 fathoms off Baja California (USNM 96648) that bear a manuscript name of 
132 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Bartsch. The m~dern specimens are similar in profile 

and spiral ribbing of the whorls but are generally 

smaller ai).~l more slender than [{ nefastia garcesdna. 

Occurrence:· Near top of Round Mountatin Silt, USGS loc. 

M1607. 

···Genus MEGASURCULA Casey, 1904 

Type (by subsequent designation, Stewart, 1927) : 

Ple~troton~;a carpenteriana Gabb. Pliocene to Holocene, 

northeastern Pacific Ocean. Holocene range-Bodega 

Bay, Calif. to Cedros Island, ~{exico. 

Megasurcula condonana (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 19, figures 8, 17, 18 

Bathytoma condonana Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, v. 89-90, pl. 7, fig. 8. 

Megasu.re1tla condonana (Anderson and Martin), Weaver, 1942, 

'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 530, 

pl. 98, fig. 4 [not figs. 10, 12]. 

1\Ioore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Sutvey Prof. Paper 419, p. 48, 

pl. 9, figs. 11-14, 18. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 214. 

Type locality: CAS 3B, along coast, 4 miles north of Yaquina 

Bay, Oreg. Astoria ]..,ormation, middle Miocene. 

111 egasurcula condonana is fairly abundant. in ~he 

basal marine conglomeratic sandstone at Pyramid Hill. 

Although specimens are generally poorly preserved, 

the characteristic stout biconic profile and 11-12 strong 

nodes encircling the body 'vhorl compare favorably 

with morphologic features of specimens from_ the Astoria Formation north of the mouth of Yaqtnna Bay, 

Oreg., in the collections of the U.S. Geological Survey 

at Menlo Park, Calif. The l(ern River specimens 

differ somewhat by having a uniformly lower spire 

with sutures riding up higher onto preceding whorls 

so that only the nodes on the body whorl are exposed. 

These differences seem to fall within the range of 

variation of specimens figured by Moore (1963, pl. 9, 

figs. 11, 14, 18). 

The species with which 11/ egasurcula condonana 

mi O'ht be most easily confused, 11!. horwei Hanna and 

He~tlein, is a slendet:, high-spired form [which is] uniforlnly biconic in profile. Excepting one joint occurrence at locality M1698 in the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand, these two species have mutually exclusive straO'raphic ran O'es in the l(ern River area. b b • . f tl Pseudot01na condonana, a minute specimen rom 1e 

Astoria Formation of Grays Harbor County, \Vasl1. 

(Etherington, 1931, p. 110-111, pl. 14, fig. 20), is n~t 

this species and very likely not lll eqasuJ•cu1a. The specimen is closer to Oa7icantharu8. It has a subsutural band 

and much coarser, more irregular axial and spiral 

sculpture than 11/ egas~trmtla. 

Distribut-ion ancl st?·atioraphie occurrence: Astoria Formation, coastal Oregon (Anderson and l\fartin, 1914; :\lo01·e, 

1963). 

Range: Lower l\Hocene to middle Miocene. 

LocaU.tics: Basal part of Jewett Sand, USGS l\11591; UC:\IP 

R1665. Lower part. of Olcese Sand, USGS 1\11694. Middle 1)art 

of Olcese Sand, USGS l\11698. 

Megasurcula howei Hanna and Hertlein 

Plate 18, figures 17, 21-23 

'tPle1trotoma (Dolichotoma) n. sp. Arnold, 1907, U.S. Geol. 

Survey Prof. Paper 47, l). 84. 

Pse·zulotoma n. sp. ( ?) Etherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, no. 5, p. 110, pl. 14, fig. 33. 

?T1trris, n. sp. (large), Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., 

Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

Mcgas1trc1tla hotcci Hanna and Hertlein, 1938, .Jour. Paleontology, v. 12, no. 1, p. 107, pl. 21, figs. 10, 12, 13. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 37. 

Addicott, 196G, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper G2G-C, p. 

C106, fig. 4j. 

llfegas1trcula cthcringtoni 'Veaver, 1943, 'Vashington Univ. 

(Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 530-531, pl. 98, fig. 13. 

Jfcgawrcula kccpi (Arnold), Grant and Gale, 1931, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Mem., v. 1, p. 496-497, [in part]. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 7082. 

Type locality: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 11;1, 

miles due north of Rarl{er's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle :Miocene. 

Type of Aiegasurcnla cthcringtoni "'eaver [= Psc1tdotoma 

n. sp. ( ?) Fitherington]: California UniL 1\Ius. Paleontology 

32038. 

Typr. locality: UC:\'lP A373 [="Washington Univ. loc. 425], 

in Rock Creek, 1,200 feet downstream from falls and just 

helow old damsite in sec. 7, T. 16 N., R. 5 "'·• Malone quadrangle, 'Vashington. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. 

This high-spired, biconic species is abundant in the 

uppermost part of the Olcese Sand and ]owennost 

R.otl.nd ~{ountain Silt. It differs from llfega8'urmtla 

condonana (Anderson and ~fartin) by having a 

smoothly conic spire and relatively narrower body 

whorl. \Vhen the body whorl angulation is used as a 

point of reference, in nona pertural view, the upper 

cone of llf. howei is relatively higher than the lower 

cone, whereas the reverse is true in spe~iinens of the 

stout-shelled 11!. condonana. Further differences are 

the more acute sutural angle and the concave profile 

of 11!. condonana. 

llfegasurmtla etheringtoni \Veaver, a new name for 

the specimen figured by Etherington ( 1931, pl.. 14, fig. 

33) as Pse~tdot01na n. sp. ( ~), from the Astona Formation of soutlnYestern \V ashington, is a synonyn1 of 

lJf. iwwei. 

As noted by Hanna and Hertlein ( 1938, p. 107), 

the diagnosis of 11! egasurcula keezJi by Grant and Gale 

( 1931, p. 496--497) describes lJ!. howei rather than.~!. 

keepi. Possibly the reported occurrence of lJ!. keep~ :n 

the !{ern River district by Anderson and Martin 

(1914) and Loel and Corey (1932) ref~t: at least in 

large part to 111. howei because ill. keep~ 1s extremely 
ORDER "NEOGASTROPODA 133 

rare in the older collections from the J(ern River 1\iiocene n,t the Cn.lifornia Academy of Sciences, University of California, and the 1T.S. National 1\{useum. 

Only a :few sc:tttered specimens referable to 111. lceepi 

have been found in these collections. The principal 

difference between tl1ese species is the exposed circle of 

nodes on the whorls of the spire of 111. lceeJJi. On speci-

.mens o~f ill. ho1.0.ei, the upper edge of the body whorl 

usually conceals the spinose angulation of the penultimate whorl. At one locality (1JSGS loc. 1\1:1597), however, many o:f the spec.imens have a. nodose penultimate 

whorl (pl. 18, fig. 17). "There the ~sculpture of 111. 

ho~vei approaches that of 111. lceeJJi, the species can 

usually be differentiated by the con).paratively greater 

concavity of the subsutura.l slope on whorls of the spire 

of ill. l.~ee7Ji h1 addition to the completely exposed 

nodes on the early whorls. 

.l)ist·rilmUon (nul stntti{Jraphio occurrence: Astoria Formation, southwestern "'nshington (IDtherington, 1931). 

Ranr1c: 1\:liddle Miocene. 

Local-ities: Lowt:•r 1m rt of Olcese Sand, USGS 1\11593. Middle 

pnrt of 01cese Snnd, USGS M1698. Upper part of Olcese 

SnrHl, USGS G8!)0, 1\HG8(;, 1\1l5f.)7, M1599-l\11602, cf. l\11693; 

UCMP BlGSG, cf. B1587, B1593, B1G94, B1:'i96-InG01, ?B161G, 

H1Ci16, Bl(i22, BW24, '!B1(;40, 131641, B17G3. Round 1\Iountain 

Silt, USGS 38SG, (;(;22, (1623, l\Il604, ?l\l1610,. 1\l1612, 1\11613, 

M2480; UCi'\U' B1(;2G, B1632, B1638. 

Megasurcula keepi (Arnold) 

Plnte 18, figurt's 15, 16, 20 

Plcnrotonw. (Bathytonw.) kccpi Amold, 1907, U.S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc., v. 32, No. 1G4G, p. G29, J)l. 46, fig. 5. 

Plcurotomn (J)oliohotonw.) l,·cq>i. Arnold, IDidridge and Arnold, 

1907, U.S. Geol. Sun(•y Bnll. 309, v. 2G8, pl. 33, fig. G. 

. Ha.thytonw kcq>i Arnold, Andt:'rson and l\lartin, 1914, Califonlin Aend. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 42. 

S1t.1'0nlitc8 (Mcya.s?trou.la.) l.'ccpi (A mold), Grant and Gale, 

1931, Snu Dieg-o Soc. Nat. History l\lem., v. 1, p. 496-

497 [in pnrt]. 

~I'W'I'is 1.-c:cJ>i (Arnold), Loel nnd Cort'r, 1932, California Univ., 

DeJ)t. Gcol. Sci. Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, p. 174. 

~l'mw: U.S. Nntl. Mus. 164993. 

~l'mw 1occtlity: Ht:':Hl of 'l'Ol)anga Canyon, 3 miles south of 

Cnlnhnsns, J .. os Angeles County, Calif. Topanga Formation, 

middlP. Miocene. 

A :few specimens from the uppe1~ part of the Olcese 

Sand and the Round 1\{ountain Silt are referable to 

this species on the basis of a clearly exposed, nodose 

n.nguln.tion on the w·horls of the spire. 111 egasttrcula 

l.~ee7Ji is a high-spired species that differs from 11!. 

howei by :its nodose, turreted spire. As figured by Arnold (1.907, pl. 46, fig. :3), individual "·horls of the 

sp:ire hn.ve concave subsutnral slopes that terminate in 

n, nodose angulation near the lower one-quarter line of 

the whorl. 11{ 8(Ja8'u1•cttla hO'I.Ve'i, a Species which, prior 

to its description by I-Ianna and I-Iertlein (1938, p. 107, 

pl. 21, figs. 10, 12, 13), was apparently identified as 

111. keepi by most workers, has a lower, smoothly conical spire. One some specimens of 11!. howei, however, 

the nodes of the penultimate whorl 1nay be partly 

visible. Identifications of 111. keepi by early \Yorkers in 

the ICern River area (Anderson and 1\{artin, 1914; 

Loel and Corey, ·1932) probably were of 11!. howei. 

This conclusion is based on the scarcity of specimens 

of 111. lcee7Ji in the earlier collect1ons on which these 

papers were based. Grant nnd Gale's diagnosis of 11!. 

keepi (1931, p. 496-497) is applicable to 111. ho1.0ei, as 

fit~st noted by Hanna. and Hertlein ( 1938) . 

Dlstri.bu.tion and stratigraphic occu rrcncc: Monterey ·Shale, 

western Napa County ('Weaver, 1949) ; Hambre Sandstone of 

Monterey Group, Contra Costa County OVe:n-er, 1949) ; Temhlor .F'ormation-La Panza Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914; 

Loel and Corey, 1932), Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946, cf.); Saltos 

Shale l\lemher of 2\Ionterey Shale of Hill, Carlson,· and Dibblee . 

(1958) '· Caliente Range (.T. G. Vedder, written commun., December 1967) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains 

(Arnold, 1907; Susuld, 1901), Santa Ana Mountains (Vedder and "roodring, unpub. data, 1953, cf.). 

.l?,angc: Middle Miocene. 

.Localities: Upper part of Olcese Sand, CAS 6:3, Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS 6622, 6623, cf. M1605, M1606. 

Megasurcula wynoocheensis (Weaver) 

Plate 19, figures 1, 2, 14 

Ttu'l'i8 wynootchccnsis "reaver, 1912, "rashington Geol. Survey 

Bull. 15, p. 70-71, pl. 9, figs. 87-89, 94. 

T1tr1'is 1.vynoochccnsis 'Veaver, "reaver, 1916, "'ashington Univ. 

(Seattle)· Pubs. Geology, v. 1, p. 52-53, pl. 5, fig. 65. 

Psc1ulotomn 1.vynoochccnsis ('Yeaver), Etherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, no. 5, p. 110, 

pl. 14, figs. 25, 29. 

Sm·culitcs (Jlfc(Jasurcnla) 1.vynootchccnsis ("reaver), Grant and 

Gale, 1931, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 1\Iem., v. 1, p . 

500, pl. 25, fig. 2. 

Jlfcgasurcula wynoochccnsis ("Veaver), 'Veaver, 1042, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. G, p. 527, pl. 

ns, figs. 2, 8. 

Moore, 1963, U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, p. 49, 

pl. 0, figs. 9, 10; pl. 10, figs. 3, 5, 8, 14. 

Lectotype: California Acad. Sci. 533 (designated by Moore, 

1963). 

'1'1J1>C Zoca1it11: Cut on old Chehalis Logging Co. road, 1 mile 

west of :Montesano, in sec. 6, '1'. 17 N., R. 7 "r., :Montesano quadrangle, 'Vashington. Astoria Formation, middle i'\Iiocene. 

11! egasw•mtla 1.vynoocheensis has not been previously 

reported from California. Specimens frmn the Round 

Mountain Silt compare favorably with the low-spired, 

less strongly tabulate form selected as the lectotype 

by 1\{oore (1963, p. 49, pl. 10, figs. 5, 14). Specimens 

from the Astoria Formation of Oregon (1\{oore, 1963) 

are also referable to this 'Stout, fairly short form. 

'Veaver's original figures (1912, pl. 9, figs. 87-89, 94) 

indicate that 11!. '1.oy1wocheensis is a slender, high-spired 

turrid with a strongly concave whorl profile and sutures riding high upon the vertical segment of pre-
134 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

ceeding whorls. These· features are well illustrated by 

specimens frmn a locality (lTCl\tfP 9069 and UW 473) 

about 3 miles northwest of the vVeaver's orio-inal lo- . b 

cality (pl. 19, fig. 1). In a later publication, Weaver 

(1942, p. 527, pl. 98, fig. 8) refigured a low-spired 

specimen of M. 'Loynoocheensis from lJCMP locality 

9069 as "topotype." This individual is similar to the 

Oregon 'and Califor·nia specimens. It is within the con-

. text of this variation that the 1\:ern River specimens 

are referred to jJf. wynoocheensis. 

Some of the confusion over the type locality of this 

species may be laid to Etherington's statement ( 1931, 

p. 110) that "lJC loc. 9069 [is] the type locality of 

'Veaver's type." According to Etherington, Weaver 

collected better material frmn this locality subsequent 

to his original description of the species. The stout, 

low-spired variant of jJf egasurcula 'Loynoocheensis can 

be differentiated frmn the similar jJf. condonana by the 

fact that the nodose angulation is expos.ecl on the 

whorls of the spire. This angulation. results in a turreted rather than smoothly conic profile. 

Di8tribntion and straUora,phic occtwrencc: Clallam Formation, northern Olympic Peninsula, ( Tegland, 1929). Astoria 

Formation, southwestt'rn 'Vashiligton ('Veaver, 1912; Etherington, 1931: Grant and Galt', 1931; Addicott, 11)66), Coastal 

Oregon (Moore, 1963). 

Ra,noe: Middle l\Iiocene. 

. ~oca,lUics: UIIPer part of Olcese. Sand, USGS M1601. Round 

Mountain. Silt, USGS 388.6, :M1604; .UCMP B1618, B1638. -

Subfamily CLAVINAE 

Genus CRASSISPIRA Swainson, 1840 

Type · (by subsequent designation, Hermannsen, 1 

1847) : Ple1trot01na bottae Valenciennes in IGener. 

Holocene, Gulf of California, Mexico (l{een, 1958a, 

p. 458). 

Crassispira olcesensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 19, figures 20, 21 

Small, thick, dark-brownish yellow. Whorl profile 

nearly flat. Suture strongly appressecl with indistinctly 

bordered collar below. Body whorl slender, slightly 

coilvex. Sutural collar sculptured by fine spiral cord 

near top of fasciolar band and several microscopic 

t~weacls above. Axial sculpture of 19 slender, slightly 

Sinuous, protractive axial ribs extenclino- from mid- • b 

pmnt of fasciolar band downward nearly to base of 

whorl. Axial ribs and 1nicroscopic growth lines crossed 

by 20-25 spiral threads with larger interspaces that 

contain a minute secondary thread on upper part of 

body whorl. Aperture narrow, lower part not markedly 

constricted into anterior canal. Anal notch deep, roundeel, ?pening slightly constricted, outer lip thin, nearly 

st~·mght below anal notch. Inner lip arcuate above, 

slightly recurvecl to right below. 

Height ( ahnost complete) .14.9 Inm, width 5:7 mm. 

Type: U.S. Natl. l\fus. 650264. 

Type loc(l,z.ity: USGS l\U608, base of IJluff on south side of 

Kern RiYer at Olcese Boy Scout Cnmp, 3,200 feet south, 1,100 

feet west of NE. cor. sec. 1, '1'. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Brnvo 

Ranch quadrangle. Lowt'r part of the. Round l\Iountnin Silt. 

middle l\Iiocene. . 

The holotype is a worn yet very distinctive specimen 

from near the base of the Round l\tfountain Silt . 

Another specimen doubtfully referred to this species 

has been collected frmn the upper part of the Olcese 

Sand. It is similar to a light~brown species described 

from the lower Pleistocene of the Los Angeles basin, 

California, by Berry ( 1940, p. 152, 153, pl. 2, fig. 1) 

as Clavus ( Orassispira.) zizyphus. These species can 

be distinguished by details of sculpture on the subsutural collar. On Orassispi1·a olcesensis the spiral 

sculpture is much weaker and lacks the nodes that 

occur on the collar of 0. zizyph'ttS. In other details 

of form and sculpture, the species are closely similar. 

A para type of 0. zizyph'ttS deposited in the U.S. N ationa! l\tfuseum ( 522571) is closer to a reddish brown 

than to Berry's original color description (1940, p. 

152) of a "a warm light brown," which seems to fit 

the residual light-brownish-yellow coloration of 0. 

olcesensis. 

Occurrence: Up11er part of Olcese Sand, UGMP loc. B1598? . 

Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. l\Il608. 

Genus OPHIODERMELLA Bartsch, 1944 

Type (by original designation) : S1trcula ophiodm"1na 

Dall (= Ple'l.trotonw iner1nis flincls). Bolinas Bay, 

Calif., to Ballenas Lagoon, Baja California (Burch, 

1.946, no. 62, p. 10). 

Ophiodermella temblorensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 17, figure 22; plate 19, figures 5-7, 9-13, 16 

.Drillia tcmblorensis Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 91-92, pl. 7, figs. 5n, b. 

Cla.throdrillia ten,blorensis (Anderson and Martin), Loel and 

Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 

22, no .. 3, p. 172. 

Types: Holotype, California Acad. Sci. 221; para type, CAS 

222. 

Type locality: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 114 

miles due north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper 11art of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. · 

As herein construed, Ophiodern1ella temblo1·ensis 

is one of the most variable turrids of the l{ern River 

Miocene. Two principal forms ean be segregated: a 

spirally sculptured form (pl. 17, fig. 22; pl. 19, figs. 9, 

16) and a reticulate form (pl. 19, figs. 5, 6, 10-13). 

The forn1 with strong spiral sculpture is typified by 

Anderson and Martin's holotype (1914, pl. 7, figs. 5a, 

5b). It has convex to very weakly angulatecl whorls 

I 

\ 
ORDER NEOGASTROPODA 135 

that are sculptured by strong spiral cords. Axial sculpture is subdued or obsolete on the later whorls. The 

ret:iculate form includes individuals with strongly 

n.ngulated whorls with finely reticulate sculpture on 

the concave subsutural slope and coarser spiral sculpture below. 'fhe strength of spiral sculpture is variable 

in both :t:orrns. A unique specimen with fine spiral 

sculpture and n.ngulatcd whorls (pl. 19, fig. 7) may 

represent n. third form of this species. 

All the forms are represented in the collection frmn 

1TSGS locality 1\1:1597 near the top of the Olcese Sand. 

They n.re clearly linked by intermediate forms. Even 

in smaller collections, it is difficult to satisfactorily 

separate the two principal forms of this species. 

Di8t1·ilmUon ana strati{JNtJJh'io nccm-rcncc: Astoria Formation, Coos Bny, Oreg-. (USGS Joe. 18284) ; l\fonterey Shale, 

w0stern Nnpn Connty nnd Contra · Costn County ('Veaver, 

1049) : 'I'0mhlor li'ormntion, Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946). 

.nan{lc: Middle MiocenE'. 

. l:JocaUUcs: r ... ow0r pnrt of Olcese Snnd, UCl\IP B1676. Upper 

part of OICE'Sf' Snnd, USGS 1\fl!'i97, 1\Il600-l\£l602: UCl\IP 

Bl!'i86, Blr.SO, H1753. Round Monntnin Silt, USGS 6065, 6068, 

l\H608, l\fl.610, l\fl.612, 1\£1613, l\£2480; UCMP B1638. 

Ophiodermella electilis (Keen) 

Mon·iUOJ)8'i8 clccUli8 Keen, 1043, San Die~o Soc. Nat. History 

~l'rnns., v. 1.0, no. 2, p. 49, pl. 4, fig. 15. 

'l'mw: Stnufonl TJniv. pnleontology type conn. 7540. 

'l'mu; locality: SU 2121, in smnn g·nlly close to terrace contnct n0nr renter SW1

!.. sec. 6, T. 29 S .. R. 30 E., Rio Br:wo 

Rnnch (]undt·nugle. Lower pnrt of Ronnel l\fonntnin Silt, 

tniddiP MiocenE' (prohnhly same ns USGS 1\Il612 and TJC:\IP 

Hl637). 

This species is known only from the holotype, a 

small specimen that hns uniformily reticulate sculpture 

on the body whorl and spire. There is a considerable 

degree of similarity to the reticulate form of Ophiode'rmella tenoblo'rens?·s, which has been collected from 

the same locality. The axial sculpture on 0. electilis 

is much coarser and more widely spaced than on 0. 

tem.blo'ren8is, and its spiral ribbing is of uniform 

'Strength on the body whorl, ,\,hereas 0. tmnblo'rensis 

ha.s one or more coarse spiral cords below the angulation on the body whorL 

Occn1TCncc: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, SU Joe. 

2121. 

Subfamily MANGELIINAE 

Genus MANGELIA Risso, 1826 

Type (by subsequent designation, I-Iermannsen, 

1852) : lJf angelia st'riolata Risso = 11! 'l.trew atten'l.tatJus 

1\{ontagu = Ple'lt'I'Otmna 'oillieT8i ~iichand (PmYell, 

1966). I:Iolocene and "subfossil" in the 1\{editerranean 

area (Grant and Gale, 1931, p. 585) . 

Subgenus NOTOCYTHARELLA Hertlein and Strong, 1955 

Type (by original designation) : Oythm·ella niobe 

Dall. Holocene, Pana1na. 

Mangelia (Notocytharella) kernensis (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 19, figures 24-26, 30, 31 

lllangclht kr.rncnsis Anderson and l\Inrtin, 1fH4, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, v. 94-0G, pl. 7, figs. 6a, lJ. 

JJ[angclia (Cacoclaphncll.a?) kcrncn8i8 (Anderson and l\Iartin), 

Keen, 1943, Snn Diego Soc. Nat. History Trnns., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 47-48, pl. 4,. fig. 21. 

ClathrodriWa (MonWopsis) kr.rncnsis (Anderson and :\[artin), 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. ~72 .. 

Pscttdoton,clla kcrnensis (Anderson and l\lartin), Loel and 

Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bun., v. 

22, no. 3, p. 173. 

?Pscwlomclatoma. kcrncnsis (Anderson and l\Iartin), l!Jtherington, 1931, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, 

no. 5, p. 112, pl.· 14, 1ig. 32. 

'YeaYer, 1942, 'Vashington Univ. (Senttle) Pulls. Geology, 

v. 5, p. 536-537, pl. 99, figs. 5, 6 . 

'l'YJJCS: Holotn)e, California Acad. Sci. 233; paratype, CAS 

233a. 

'1'1/1JC locality: CAS 6G, west bank of smnll canyon 11,4 miles 

northeast of Barker's rnnchhouse [tn·obahly same as UCMP 

B1586-near center of NW% SE1,4 sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Rnnch quadrangle]. Upper part of OlCese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

The scnlptnre of the spire is dominated by protractive axial ribs that tend to be continuous fron1 one 

whorl to the next but are only weakly developed 

across the fasciolar ba.nd. These ribs vary in strength 

and spacing to the extent that a coarsely ribbed form 

(pl. 19, figs. 25, 26, 30, 31) and a finely ribbed forn1 

(pl. 19, fig. 24) can be recognized. On the body whorl 

of mature individuals the axial sculpture is greatly 

subdued or obsolete. Spiral ribbing is relatively stronger on the later whorls and may or may not include fine 

secondary threads. 

Placement in the subgenus N otocytharella is based 

upon the fine reticulate sculpture of the third whorl 

of the protoconch (I\:een, 1943, pl. 4, fig. 21) and on 

general sculptural features. The axial ribs of ·111 angelia 

ke'l"nensis usually are not continuous from suture to 

suture as on the type of N otocytharella (Hertlein and 

Strong, 1955, p. 232). The l\iioqene species does not 

seem to have a modern analog among the living eastern Pacific species of this subgenus figured by I\:een 

. ( 1958a, figs. 888-891). 

Two species listed by Loel and Corey (1932) from 

the I\:ern River middle l\1iocene--Pse1.tdotonoella ke'l·-

nensis (Anderson and l\{artin) and Olath?·odrillia 

ke1-nensis (Anderson and ~{art in) -i)l'obably represent this species because Anderson and ~{artin (1914) 

used the specific name kernensis for only one turrid. 
136 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Distribution aml stratigraphic occut·rcncc: Astoria Formation, southwestern ·washington (Etherington, 1931). 

Range: :Middle Miocene. 

Localit·ies: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS M1597, M1601, 

l\11602 ; U.CMP B1586, B1593, B1598, B1600, cf. B1601, cf. 

B1603, B1616, :i31624. Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6068, M1604, 

l\U608-l\11610, M1612; UCMP B1637, B1638. 

Mangelia (Notocytharella 1) hartensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 19, figure 22 

Small, moderately high spired. Whorls evenly 

rounded, sculptured by closely spaced axial and spiral 

ribs that :form a noded surface on the spire and upper 

part of the body whorl. Spiral ribs differentiated into 

relatively fine cords in the upper one-third of each 

whorl and coarser ones below. Axial ribs slightly protractive but recurve as they cross the subsutural set of 

finer spiral cords. Axials obscure below the midpoint 

of the body whorl. Aperture elongate-ovate. Anterior 

canal short, columella encrusted with thin callus. 

Height (incomplete) 4.3 mm, width 1.9 mm. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650265. 

Type locality: USGS M1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet so~th, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 N., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle _Miocene. 

This species is characterized by evenly developed 

spiral and axial ribs that produce a :fairly uniform 

nodose surface on the spire and upper part of the body 

whorl. It differs :from the much more abundant Mangelia kernensis by its narrow interspaces between spiral 

ribs and the absence of secondary spirals. Another 

difference :from most of the specimens of M. kernensis 

is the absence of a distinct angulation on the whorls of 

the spire of 111. hartensis. 

The sculpture of 111 angelia hartensis is similar to 

that of the Pleistocene and Holocene M. interfossa 

Carpenter (Palmer, 1958, pl. 27, figs. 5, 6), which 

ranges :from northern Vancouver Island, British 

Columbia to Catalina Island, Calif. The Miocene species can be differentiated, however, by the set of fine, 

closely spaced spiral cords in the upper one-third of 

the later whorls and the more closely spaced axial ribs. 

This species is named :for Hart Memorial Park, a 

short distance downstream :from the type locality on 

the !Cern River. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\U597. 

Subgenus AGATHOTOMA Cossmann, 1899 

Type (by monotypy) Pleurot01na angusta (Jan.): 

Miocene and Pliocene, southern Europe. 

M:angelia (Agathotoma) howei Anderson and Martin 

Plate 19, figure 23 

Mangilia. howci Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 95, pl. 7, fig. 7. 

Mangila howei Anderson and Martin, Loel and Corey, 1932, 

California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 

172. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 234. 

Type local-ity: CAS 68, north bank of Kern River, about 

three-fourths of a mile west of the powerplant and about 3 

miles east of Rio Bravo ranchhouse. Lower part of Rouml 

Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This poorly known species is represented by a :few 

badly worn specimens :from three localities in the !Cern 

River area. It is characterized by a :few strong axial 

:folds that ascend the spire in more or less continuous 

ridges. The specimen :from the lower part of the Round 

l\fountain Silt (pl. 19, fig. 23) illustrates these strong 

axials but is too worn to show. other details of sculpture. Other species of 111 angelia :from the !Cern River 

area have much finer, more numerous axial ribs. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. 6065?. 

Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 1613 ?, l\f2480. 

Genus GLYPHOSTOM:A Gabb, 1872 

Type (by monotypy) : Glyplwst01na dentifm'U/nt 

Gab b. Miocene, vV est Indies. 

Glyphostoma carinata Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 19, figures 19, 33-36 

Small, thick; whorls of spire angnlate near midpoint, flat above and slightly convex below. Penultimate whorl sculptured by 10 broad axial folds that are 

strongest below angulation ; very fine secondary axials 

occur between the axial :folds. Spiral ribs above the 

angulation much finer and more closely spaced. Body 

whorl large, angulation near posterior one-quarter 

line. Aperture narrow, outer lip thickened externally 

by varix. Posterior canal "U"-shaped, opening constricted. Anterior canal short, not markedly set off :from 

aperture. Columellar lip :faintly denticulate, encrusted 

with callus; outer lip denticulate within. 

Length (nearly complete) 8.4 mm, width 4.1 mm. 

Types: Holotype, California Univ. 1\Ius. Paleontology 37098; 

paratype, UCl\IP 37099. 

'l'!!JJC localif1J: UC~IP B1586, on east side of southward-trending gnll.r. Next to the lowest of six fossiliferous beds, in 

XE1,4SE% :';ec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Near top of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Glyphost01na carinata is represented by three specimens :frmn the upper part of the Olcese Sand. It is the 

first record of this genus in pre-Pliocene strata of the 

Pacific coast. G. conradlana Gabb (Grant and Gale, 

1931, p. 606-607, pl. 26, fig. 11), a :fairly common 

Pliocene to Holocene species, differs :from G. carinata 

by its more subdued and much finer sculpture. 

This species is assigned to Glyphostoma on the basis 

of the denticulate outer lip of the aperture, a :feature 
ORDER TECTIBRANCEITA 137 

more strongly developed in the paratype than on the 

holotype. Grant and Gale ( 1931, p. 607) noted that the 

Hecent species G. canfieldi (Dall) does not always have 

clenticles within the outer lip. Specimens of G. canfieldi in USGS collections from the late Pleistocene of 

CnJiforni:t are fairly close to G. ca~rinata. They differ 

principally in their sma11er size,· finer axial sculpture, 

and slender, more high spired profile. 

Oocurrrncc: Upppr part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\:11597; 

UC:\lP loc. H1G86. 

Order TECTIBRANCHIA 

Family ACTEONIDAE 

Genus ACTEON Montfort, 1810 

Type (by original designation) : V oluta tornatilis 

Gmelin. I-Iolocene, Europe. 

Acteon boulderanus Etherington 

Plate 19, figures 27-29, 32 

A.ctcon 1Jonlclcrana Etherin~ton, 1931, California Univ., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Hull., v. 20, no. 5, 11. 113, pl. 14, fig. 9. 

'Vf'nver, 1n~~2, 'Vashington Univ. (Seattle) Pubs. Geology, 

v. (i, p. !J42-fi43, 111. 9f), fig. 37. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 

2, p. 42, pl. 4, fig. 22. 

'1.'1J1JC: California TJniv. :Mus. Paleontology 32057 .. 

~1'1!1JO locaHty: UC:MP .A-:373, on Rock Creek about 1,200 feet 

downstream from the falls and just below old damsite in 

sec. 7, T. 16 N., R G ,V, :Malone quadrangle, Grays Harbor 

County, " 7ash. 

Specimens of Acteon bouldrwanttts from ~1iocene 

strata in the J(ern Hiver area are somewhat variable 

in spire height and degree of convexity of whorls of 

the spire. They compare closely with the type and with 

specimens from near the type locality in the Astoria 

Formatio~1. of southwestern 'Vashington. 

Acteon boulde1•anus differs from the Holocene A. 

t1·aslci (Stearns), a species that ranges from Catalina 

Isln.nd, southern California, to Panama (Burch, 1945, 

no. 47, p. 9), by its stouter, lower spired shelL A variant of the I:Tolocene species in lJ.S. National Museum 

collections, A. t1·aski forma 1nagdalensis Bartsch 

(USNM 217833) is similar to A. bO'ulde1·anus but has a 

higher spire and relatively larger penultimate whorl. 

Dist1;ibnt-ion a:nll stmtigra7Jhic occun·cncc: :Middle Miocene : 

Astoria Jl'ormntion, southwestern 'Vashington (Etherington, 

1931.) ; Snltos Shale Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dihhlf'e (1958), Caliente Range, Calif. (.T. G. Vec1der, 

writt~n commnn., December 1967) ; Temblor Formation, Reef 

RidgE', ( Stewnrt, 1946, cf.). Upper Miocene: Castaic Formation of Crowell (1955), eastern Ventura basin (Stanton, 1966, 

cf.). 

.Ra.ntJC: l\liddle Miocene to upper Miocene ( ?) . 

Localities: Ur1per part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\U597 cf., 

1\ll600, l\fHi02; UCMP B1600. 

Subgenus RICTAXIS Dall, 1871 

Type (by original designation) : Tornatella punctocoelat1.t8 (Carpenter) . Holocene, southeastern Alaska to 

Magdalena Bay, Baja California (Burch, 1945, no. 47, 

p. 9). 

Acteon (Rictaxis) weaveri Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 20, figure 9 

Shell small, relatively slender. Spire short, whorls 

convex, sutures impressed. Body whorl sculptured by 

about 26 rounded spiral cords separated by narrow, 

fairly deep interspaces. Axial sculpture of evenly 

spaced, fine threads limited to the spiral grooves. Aperture narrow; inner lip long and straight, with an 

obscure columellar ft>ld. 

Height 5.1 mm, width 2.4 mm. 

Type: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650282. 

Type local·ity: USGS l\:12601, bottom of southwestward-trending gully, 1,350 feet south, 600 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 35, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 ,V., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle, lower part 

of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This species differs from small specimens of Acteon 

bO'ulderanus (Etherington) by its slender, ]ens-shaped 

outline, very short spire, and obscure columellar fold. 

Acteon 1.oeaveri is similar to the type species of 

Rictaxis, A. punctocaelatrus (Carpenter) (USNl\1: 

14914) but differs by its 1nore slender shell and 1nuch 

weaker columellar plait. 

Occurrence: r.,ower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

l\f2601. 

Genus BULLINA Ferussac, 1821 

Type (by subsequent designation, Pilsbry, 1893, p. 

175) : Bulla scabra Gmelin. Living, Indo-Pacific. 

Bullina sp. 

Plate 7, figure 20 

A small, fragile B1.tllina is represented by several 

specimens from USGS locality M1612 near the base of 

the Round ~fountain Silt. Because of their minute size 

and delicate shells, it has been difficult to obtain photographs suitable for figuring in this report. The globular shells range from 1 to 2 mm in length. The body 

whorl is sculptured by finely incised spiral grooves 'that 

are microscopically punctate. The inner lip is somewhat 

thickened by callus. There is an obscure columellar 

fold that is not clearly visible in apertural orientation. 

Bullina sp. differs from immature specimens of 

Aceton boulderanus, a somewhat similar Miocene 

acetonid that occurs in the J{ern Hiver area, by its bent 

apex and relatively broad initial whorl. The shell of 

immature specimens of A. boulderan1.l8 seems to be 

noticeably thicker than that of the minute Builina . 

This minute species seems to be the first record of the 

genus along the eastern margin of the Pacific Ocean. 
138 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

The Holocene distribution of Bttllina includes the western Pacific Ocean from Australia to Japan and the 

Indian Ocean. 

Ocmwrcncc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Lower part of Round l\lountain Silt, USGS loc. l\11612. 

Family BULLIDAE 

Genus BULLA Linne, 1758 

Type (by subsequent designation, ~1ontfort, 1810) : 

Bttlltts a1n7ntlla Linne. Holocene, Indo-Pacific. 

Bulla cantuaensis Anderson and Martin 

Plate 20, figures 34, 35 

B1tlla sp. ·Anderson, 1908, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 

3, p. 19. 

B1tlla cant1wensis Anderson and l\Iartin, 1914, California Acad. 

Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 95-96, pl. 5, figs. 3a, b. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

nQ. 2, p. 36. ' 

Scaphandcr jnrtularis Conrad, Loel and Corey, 1932, California 

Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 235 [in part], 

pl. 46, figs. 2a, 2b [not figs. 1a, 1b]. 

Types: Holotype, California Acad. Sci. 235; para type, CAS 

236. 

· Type locality: One mile north of Cantua Creek in sec. 28, 

T. 17 S., R. 14 E., Coalinga quadrangle (Keen and Bentson, 

1944), western Fresno County, Calif. "Temblor beds," middle Miocene. 

Bulla cantuaensis was collected from the 1 ower part 

of the Round ~fountain Silt by I\:een (1943, p. 36). 

Her specimen (pl. 20, figs .. 34, 35) differs fr01n Holocene species of Bulla from the eastern Pacific Ocean by 

its less strongly convex, more elongate inner apertural 

margin. It has a much thicker and more elongate shell 

than the l-Iolocene B. gouldiana~ an inner sublittoral 

species that ranges from southern California to Ecuador (I\:een, 1958a, p. 496). The shell of B. cantuaensis 

is of comparable thickness to specimens of B. punctu7ata, in the collections of the lT.S. National ~1useum, a 

warm-water species that ranges from ~1agdalena Bay, 

Baja California,· southward to Peru (I\:een, 1958a, 

p. 496). 

Loel and Corey (1932, pl. 46, figs. 2a, b) figured a 

Bttlla from the Vaqueros Formation of the La Panza 

Range, San Luis Obispo County, Calif., as Scaphander 

,ittgttlaris. This specimen is doubtfully referred to B. 

cantuaensis because of imperfect. presen~ation. 

Distribut-ion anA stratigraphic occurrence: Lower l\Iiocene: 

Vnqneros Formation, La Panza Range (Loel and Corey, 1932 

[ScaphanAcr ju,rmlari8, in imrt]) : Painted ·Rock Sandstone 

:\[ember of Vnqneros Formntion of Hill, C'nrlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range (.T. G. Vedder, written commun., Decemher 196i). l\Iiddlf' Miocene: Temblor Formation, Cantua 

Creek and west of Coalinga (Anderson, 1908: Anderson and 

:\lnrtin, 1914) : Saltos Shalf' :\[ember of ::\lonterey Shale of 

Hill, Cnrlson, and Dihhlf'f' (1958), Calientf' Range (.T. G. 

Vedder, written commnn., December 1D6i) ; Topanga Formation-Santa l\Ionica ::\lountains ( Susuki, 1951), San Joaquin 

Hills (Vedder, unpuiJ. data, 1958) ; Altamira Shale Member of Monterey Shale, Palos Verdes Hills (Woodring and 

others, 1946, cf.) . 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Locality: Lower part of Round l\lountain Silt, SU 2121. 

Family AKERIDAE 

Genus HAMINOEA Turton and Kingston in Carrington, 1830 

Type (by monotypy): Bulla hydatis Linne. Holocene, ''est coast of France to the ~1editerranean. 

Haminoea virescens Sowerby 

Plate 20, figures 27, 28 

Bnlla. ·rircscc118 Sowerby, 1833, Genera of Recent shells, pt. 

39, fig. 2 . 

.Adams, 1850, Thesaurus C'onchylionun. Y. 2, p. Gif.l, pl. 12-!. 

fig. 83. 

Ham inca '1/ircsccns (Sowerby), Pilsbry, 1893, Tryon manual of 

conchology, Y. 15, p. 360, pl. 40, fig. 5; pl. 43, fig. 19. 

Kobelt, 1896, Martini and Chemnitz, Neues Systematische 

Conchylien-Cabinet * * * Y. 1, pt. 9, p. 106, pl. 15, fig. 16. 

Bradshaw, 1895, Nautilus, Y. 8, p. 101, pl. 2, fig. 15. 

Arnold, 1903, California Acad. Sci. l\lem., Y. 3, p. 194( ?) , 

pl. 8, fig. 18. 

Haminoca virc8ccns Burch, 1945, Distributional list of west 

American marine mollusks from San Diego to the Polar 

Sea, Conchological Club, Southern California, Y. 1, pt. 

2, minutes no. 48, p. 4, pl. 3, figs. 3, 4, 5. 

Haminoca. 'I:C8icula. Gould, Morris, 1964. A field guide to shells, 

pl. 30, fig. 33. 

Type: Presumed to be in the British l\lusenm (Grant and 

Gale, 1931). 

Type locality: Pitcairn Island, Holocene. 

A specimen in the collections of the California. 

~\..cademy of Sciences is referable to this species. It is 

somewhat larger than late Pleistocene and Holocene 

specimens from southern California with which it has 

been compared. The broad sulcus encircling the anterior 

part of the shell is characteristic of this species and 

differentiates it from the similar I-Iolocene species 

1lmninoea strongi Baker nnd Hnnna (1927, p. 130-1B1, 

pl. 4, fig. 2) from the Gulf of California. Because the 

type locality of H. virescens is Pitcairn Island, Grant 

and Gale (1931, p. 458--460) abandoned that name in 

favor of 11. cym.bifornds Carpenter, a name generally 

considered to be based upon an immature specimen. 

N evert.heless, Pacific coast malacologists seem to recognize 11. viJ·escens as a valid species in the Holocene 

:fauna, a practice followed herein. 

This is the first. occurrence of 11 mninoea in the Tertiary of California. ~1iocene and Pliocene records.from 

the European Tertiary are listed by Cossma.nn ( 1895, 

p. 92). 

Distribution and. stratigrapllic occurrence: Pleistocene: "Upper San Pedro series," San Pf'dro (Arnold, 1903) ; lower San 

Pedro fnnna, Nob Hill cut, Snn Pedro (Oldroyd, 192-!.) :. Palos 

Verdes Sand, Newpol"t Bay (Kanakoff .nnd Emerson, 1959) : 
:.\ 

,., 

ORDER TECTIBRANCEITA 139 

unnamed formation, Point r .. oma (Webb, 1937). Holocene: 

Puget Sound to Puerto T .. ibertad, :Mexico (Burch, 1945). 

. nangc: Middle Miocene to Holocene. 

Localit11: Upr1er part of Olcese Sand, CAS 2147. 

Family SCAPH.ANDRIDAE 

Genus SCAPHANDER Montfort, .1810 

Type (by original designation) : B'ltlla lignaria 

Linne. I-Iolocene, eastern North Atlantic to Mediterranean Sea. 

Scaphander jugularis (Conrad) 

Plate 20, figures 8, 29-31, 36, 37 

B1t.Ua ju.gu.lm·is Conrad, 1855, U.S. 33d Cong., 1st ses., House 

Ex. Doc. 129, p. 19. 

Conrad, 1857, U.S. 33d Cong., 2d sess., Senate Ex. Doc. 

78, Appendix nrt. 2, p. 328, pl. 7, figs. 62, 62a, b. 

Sca11handct· jtt(JU.lm·is (Conrad) Anderson, 1905, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 3, v. 2, p. 201, pl. 15, figs. 56, 57. 

Anderson, 1911, California Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 

3, p. 100. 

Anderson and Martin, 1914, California Acad. Sci. Proc., 

ser. 4, v. 4, p. 43. 

Grant and Gale, 1931., San Diego Soc. Nat. History Mem., 

Y. 1., p. 452. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173, 235; pl. 46, figs. la, b [not 

figs. 2a, b]. 

SCMJhnn(lc·r cf. j?t.fl1tlari."' (Conrad), Bremner, 1932, Santa 

Bnrbarn Mus. Nat. History, Occasional Paper no. 1, pl. 

2, fig. 3. 

Ncotypc: California Acad. Sci. 60 (here designated). 

'l'-lcotmJc local-it11: In the vicinity of Barker's Ranch [headqnnrtNs formerly near the center of sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Rnl\ersfield qundrnngle]. This and other newly described species were collected "chiefly north of the river" (Anderson, 

1905, p. 187) . 

As far as can be determined, Conrad's original description of this species \Yas based on drawings made 

in the field. Although the description and drawing 

(Conrad, 1857, p. 328, pl. 7, figs. 62, 62a, b) are clearly 

of internal molds and consequently do not satisfactorily represent this taxon, there is little doubt that 

the species that has subsequently been recognized as 

Rcaphandm· .i'ltg·ulw·is is identical to the incomplete 

material upon which Conrad based his name. Although 

S. :i'ltg'ula'ris cannot be conclusively recognized from 

the original description and the original figures depict 

ari exaggerated sulcus encircling the posterior part of 

the shell, the name is well established and should be 

retained in the interest of stability of nomenclature. 

Sca7Jhande1· .iug·ulm·is is perhaps best illustrated by 

the line drawings in Anderson (1905, pl. 15, figs. 56, 

57). One of those specimens (CAS 60) is selected as 

neotype, aJthough it was collected from somewhat 

higher stratigraphic position in the upper part of the 

Olcese Sand on I\:ern River about 5 miles south of 

Blake's original locality ( 1855, p. 170) on · Poso 

[ Ocoya] Creek . 

Two different species have been figured .by Loel and 

Corey (1932, pl. 46, figs. 1a, b, 2a, b) as Scapl~ande1· 

jugularis. Figures 1a and b are of S. juguZaris; the 

other two are of a B'ltlla, probably B. cantuaensis Anderson and Martin. · · 

A stout, barrel-shaped Scaphander from the Astoria 

Formation of southwestern ""\Vashington originally 

identified asS. j'ltg'ltlaris by Etherington (1931, p. 114, 

pl. 14, figs. 7, 27) lacks the characteristic flat or 

slightly concave posterior segment of the more slender 

California ~iiocene species. This unique ·species has. 

been named S. dolia?·is Addicott ( 1966, p. 642-643, pl. 

77, figs. 6, 7). 

Distribution an(l stratigraphic occttrrcncc: Lower Miocene: 

Vaqueros Formation-La Panza Range, western Santa Ynez 

Range, Ventura basin, Channel Islands, and San .Joaquin Hills 

(Loel an(l Corey, 1.932). Middle Miocene: Monterey Shalewestern Napa County and. western Contra Costa County 

('Veaver, 1949) ; Temblor Formation-Monocline Ridge (Zimmerman, 1944, cf.), Reef Ridge (Stewart, 1946,?), La Panza 

Range (Anderson and Martin, 1914; Loel and Corey, 1932), 

Caliente Range (Eaton and others, 1.941) ; Topanga Formation-Santa Monica Mountains ( Susuki, 1951), San Joaquin 

Hills (Vedder, unpub. data, 1958). 

Range: Lower Miocene to middle Miocene. 

Localities: Lower part of Jewett Sand: USGS 6639 cf. Upper 

part of Olcese Sand, USGS 1\U596, l\11600, M1693, M1697; 

UCMP B1595, B15HG, B1600, B1601, B1614, B1622, B1623, 

B1753. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS 6613, M1608. 

_Family ACTEOCINIDAE 

Genus CYLICHNA Loven, 1846 

Type (by subsequent designation, Herrmannsen, 

1852, p. 42) : B'ltlla cyli1Ul1·acea. Pennant. ·Holocene, 

European seas. 

Cylichna 1 l~ismartinae Keen 

Plate 20, figures 7, 17, _26 

Cylichna '! loismartinae Keen, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, _no. 2, p. 44, pl. 4, figs. 16, 18. 

Types.; Holotype, Stanford Univ. paleontology type conn. 

7532; paratypes, California Univ. Mus. Paleontology 33321, 

33322, 35671. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact near center. SW% sec. G. T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene (probahly same as USGS 1\11612 and UCMP 

B1637). 

This species is characterized by a stout profile, 

rounded posterior extremity, and posterior narrowing 

of the aperture. On some of the larger si)eci~nens, the 

oblique columellar fold carries a microscopic groove. 

The circular apical depression bordered by an indistinct ridge (pl. 20, fig. 17) affords a simple means of 

discrimination from Oylichna temblorensis, which has 
140 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

an umbilicate, subtruncate apex. l\fature specimens can 

be readily differentiated by the more slender, posteriorly truncate profile of 0. tem.blorensis. 

Occurrence: Lom:.•r vart of Round :\Iountain Silt, USGS 

locs. :\f1609, '!:\11611, :\Tl612 ; UC:\IP loc. B1637. 

Cylichna temblorensis Keen 

Plate 20, figures 10, 11, 18, 25 

?Cylicha, n. sv.? Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. 

Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 172. 

Cylichna, tcmblot·cnsis Keen, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., Y. 10, no. 2, p. 44-45, vi. 4, figs. 13, 14. 

?Cylichna, petrosa. (Conrad), Etherington, 1931, California 

Unh·., Dept. Geol. Sci. Bull., v. 20, no. 5, p. 114, vi. 

14, fig. 13. 

Loel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., Y. 22, no. 3, v. 172. 

'Ulaminoca, petrosa. (Conrad), \Veaver, 1942, Washington Univ. 

(Seattle) Pubs. Geology, v. 5, p. 549-550 [in part], pl. 

100, figs. 16-Hl [not fig. 23]. 

?011lichna sp. Moore, 1963, TJ. S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 419, 

1). GO, pl. 8, figs. 8, 9. 

Types: Holotype, Stanford Unh·. paleontology type colin. 

7533; varatyves, California Unh·. Mus. Paleontology 33353, 

33354, 33355, 35677. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact near center S\Y1,4 sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quadrangle. Lower vart of Round Mountain Silt, middle ~Iiocene (probably same as USGS :\!1612 and UCl\fP 

R1637). 

This species resembles the Pleistocene and Holocene 

Oylichna attonsa Carpenter (Palmer, (1958, p. 242-

243, pl. 25, figs. 17, 18), but the living species is much 

larger, has a more strongly truncate posterior, and 

lacks the posterior elevation of the apertural lip. The 

holotype of 0. atton8a is nearly twice the size of adult 

specimens of 0. temblorensis. 

A species identified as "Oylichna aff. alba (Brown) 

new species~" by .Loel and Corey (1932, p. 235-236, 

pl. 46, figs. 3a, b, 4a, b, 5a, c) from the Vaqueros Formation in the Qoast Ranges from Monterey County to 

Santa Barbara County is less cylindrical in profile 

and less strongly truncated anteriorly. than 0. temblorensi8. Accorchng to Loel and Corey (1932, p. 236), 

it is much larger than the "Oylichna which occurs in 

the Temblor horizon (not 0. petrosa [Conrad])." Their 

Temblor species (Loel and Corey, 1932, p. 172) is 

listed from the Santa l\{onica }\fountains ~·nd ·questionably from the !{ern River district. It may represent 0. tmnblorensis. 

Oylichna 1·amonensis Clark ( 1918, p. 188, pl. 20, 

fig. 7) from_ the San Ramon Sandstone of Contra 

Costa County, Calif., is eomparable in size 'to 0. 

tembloren.r;;is, hut the aperture has a posterior· :fl~re 

which extends above the apex of the shell. . 

Oylichnina petrosa '(Conrad, 1849, p. 727, pl. 19, 

fig. 8) from the l\fiocene Astoria Formation of Oregon is a larger, mueh stouter speeies with stronger 

spiral sculpture. Confusion of this species with his 

Bullina petrosa (Conrad, 1848, p. 433, fig. 11), a more 

slender speeies known only from the unsatisfactory 

original line drawing, has resulted in two distinct 

speeies being treated as one. The slender species was 

treated as a nomen dubium by Moore ( 1963, p. 50) 

beeause the type specimen is lost, and the original 

figure and description are too poor for identification. 

It is possible that Etherington's Oylichna JJetrosa 

(1931, p. 114, pl. 14, fig. 13), 'Veaver's Flaminoea 

petrosa (1942, pl. 100, figs. 16, 17, not fig. 23), and 

l\1oore's Oylichna sp. ( 1963, p. 50, pl.· 8, figs. 8, 9) 

represent Conrad's "Bullina" petrosa (1848). Their 

specimens have height: width ratios similar to those of 

0. temblorensiH; however, the preservation is too poor 

to permit unequivocal assignment to the J{ern River 

spemes. 

Distrib1ttion and stratigraphic occurrence: Saltos Shale 

Member of Monterey Shale of Hill, Carlson, and Dibblee 

(1958), Caliente Range, Calif. (J. G. Vedder, written commun. 

December 1967) . 

Ran,qe: :Middle Miocene. 

Localities: Uvper part of Olcese Sand, USGS l\H597, M1599, 

l\HGOO, ~U602: UC:\IP B1586, B1598-B1601. Round Mountain 

Silt, USGS 6065, 6623, ~U604, l\!1608, l\Il611-~Il613, ?l\12480; 

UCl\IP B1637, B1638. 

Genus SULCORETUSA Burch, 1945 

Type of S1tlcularia Dall, 1921 [not Sulcularia Rafinesque, 1831] by original designation: Bulla sulcata 

d'Orbigny. Holoeene, Florida and 'Vest Indies. 

Bureh (1945, no. 47, p. 16) proposed Sulcoretusa 

as a substitu~e name for Sulcularia Dall, a homonym. 

Sulcoretusa 1 israelskyi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 20, figures 14-16, 33 

Small, cylindrical, with poorly defined medial 

flatening on larger speeimens. Profile tapering more 

or less uniformly toward apex from point of greatest 

diameter near base. Apical pit broad and fairly deep. 

Body whorl seulptured by very fine axial striae. 

Seulpture of earlier whorls and immature specimens 

consisting of spiral grooves defining broad flat-topped 

eords that tend to be split by much finer spiral 

grooves. Aperture as long as the shell, posterior bvothirds extremely narrow. Outer lip with faint sulcus 

near anterior one-third line, broadly rounded below. 

Basal part of eolume11a thickened, smooth. 

Height 2. 7 mm, width 1.2 mm. 

Type8: Holotyve, U.S. Natl. :Mus. 650290; varatyves, USNM 

6:10287' 650288. 

Typr, locality: USGS M1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet m~st of NE cor. sec. 

G, T. 29 N., R. 29 J<J., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part 

of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. · 
~· 

., 

ORDER TECTIBRANCF.aA 141 

S'l.tlco?·etusa ~ israel8lcyi is represented by several 

minute specimens from the type locality. It has much 

weaker axial sculpture, a more acutely rounded posterior aperturn1 1 ip, and a more strongly tapered profile th1u1 the lfolocene Pacific coast species S. xyst1·um 

(Da.ll, 1D1D), figured by Oldroyd (1927, v. 2, pl. 2, 

fig. 1.0), and 8. 'lnonte?·eyen8i8 (Smith and Gordon, 

1048, pl. !1, fig. 11.). The 1\1iocene specimens from 

J(ern R.iver differ also by having a faint medial 

sulcus. Smith and Gordon ( 1948, p. 217) note that S. 

my8t'I'U'In has faint spiral grooves between axial threads 

on the exterior. The description of sculpture of the 

IIolocene S. ca'I']Jente?·i I-Ianley from Mazat]an, Mexico 

(Strong in Burch, 1945, :Minutes no. 47, p. 1'7) seems 

even closer to that of the California middle Miocene 

species. 

The generic assignment of this species is queried 

because it has only a very weak medical constriction 

n.nd its axial sculpture is weak or missing on some 

specimens. ''Thereas spiral sculpture is predominant on 

the early whorls of this species, axial sculpture similar 

to described species of S'l.dco?·et'l.tsa tends to replace 

it on the body whorl of some mature specimens. Another characteristic that suggests reference to 8'1.tlcoret'l.t8a is the extremely narrow posterior part of the 

aperture. 

If a.ssip;nment to S·ulco?·et'l.t8a is correct, this is the 

earliest Tertiary occurrence of the genus along the 

Pacific coast of North America. 'Voodring ( 1928, p. 

123) described a middle Miocene species from Jamaica. 

J(een ( 1958a, p. 499) recognizes three species of l!hdCO'I'et'l.tsa from the Panamic molluscan province. 

OcC?wrcncc: UpJ)er l1ftrt of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\I1597. 

T.1ower part of Round l\lountain Silt, USGS loc. l\i1508. 

Genus VOLVULELLA Newton, 1891 

Type of T1 olv'l.tla Adams 1850, a homonym of T1 olVltla Gistle 1848, for which T1 olvulella Newton 1891 

was proposed as a substitute name (by subsequent 

designation, Bucquoy, Dautzenberg, and Dollfus, 

1886) : T1 olv'l.tla 'l'ost?·ata A. ·Adams. Holocene, Australia. 

Volvulella gluma Keen 

Plate 20, figures 3, 4 

l'olmtlclla. rJl1t•m.a, Keen, 1!)43, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 54-55, pl. 4, fig. 10. 

7'1J1lC8: HolotsJ)f', Stanford T.Tnh·. paleontology type colln. 

7550; parntype, California UniY. Mus. Paleontolog~' 33335. 

T1J1)C locality: STJ 2641, side of gully approximately 250 feet 

north of mouth of small gully 1,000 feet south, 600 feet west 

of Nll1. cor. sec. 5, T. 20 S., R. 20 FJ., Bakersfield quadrangle. 

Collected from 120-foot stratigraphic interval in uppermost 

part of Olcese Sand stratigraphically above USGS loc. M1597. 

l\liddle 1\Uocene. 

373-855 0-70-10 

T1 olv'l.tlella gluma differs from the similar Holocene 

Tl. cylind?·ica (Carpenter, 1864), figured by Palmer 

(1058, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2), by having a more acutely 

tapering posterior outline that culminates in a moderately well developed spine. The columellar callus and 

spiral sculpture of TT. gl'l.tma seem stronger than on the 

modern species. The short spine indicated by Palmer's 

figures of the ho]otype ( 1958, pl. 25, figs. 1, 2) is not 

characteristic of TT. cylindrica, judging by spinose 

specimens in collections of the U.S. National ~1useum. 

Occm-rcncc: Uvper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. :\11597; 

UC:\n~ locs. B1G86, B1508. Lower ))art of Round :\Iountain 

Silt, USGS Iocs. 6623, :\£1608, ::\11611, :\11613; TJC:\IP Joe. 

R1G37. 

Volvulella joaquinensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 20, figure 2 

Of medium size, slender, cylindrical. Aperture narrow; outer lip thin. Colume11ar lip smooth, gently inclined. Surface sculptured by closely spaced very fine 

grooves near anterior and posterior extremities. Apex 

imperforate. 

Length 5.3 mm, width 2 mm. 

Type: California Univ. :\Ius. Paleontology 37101. 

7'ypc loca.lity: rC:\IP B1H38, east side of gully 20 feet stratigraphically above B1637, 1,300 feet north, 1,4GO feet east of 

SW cor. sec. 6, T. 2B S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Lower part of Round :\Iountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

This species is represented by one individual from 

the ]ower part of the Round ~fountain Silt. It differs 

from TT olvulella gl~t?na by having a cylindrical rather 

than ]ens-shaped profile, a fairly blunt apex, and a 

less strongly thickened columella. 

T1 ol1Julella ,Joaqui11ensis is similar to a I-Iolocene 

specimen in the collections of the ·u.S. National ~1u~ 

seum from the head of Concepcion Bay, Baja California, bearing a. Bartsch manuscript name (USNl\1 

267574). The spiral sculpture and morphology of the 

apical part of the two species is closely comparable, 

yet the colume1la of the Holocene species is relatively 

shorter and is more strongly reflected toward the left. 

Occurrence: Lower })art of Round :\Iountain Silt, UC:\fP 

loc. B1638. 

Family PYRAMIDELLIDAE 

Genus PYRAMIDELLA Lamarck. 1799 

Type (by monotypy). T?·oclws dolabNttus Linne 

1767. Holocene, Bahamas and the " 7est Indies ('Varmke and Abbott, 1961). 

Subgenus LONGCHAEUS Morch, 1875 

Type (by subsequent designation, Dall and Bartsch, 

1909) : Py1'a'lnidella znmctata Schubert and 'Vagner. 

Holocene, Polynesia and Indian Ocean. 
142 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Pyramidella (Longchaeus) cooperi Anderson and Martin 

Plate 21, figures 1-3 

Pyt·autidclla · coopcri Anderson and l\'lartin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser, 4, v. 4, p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 18a, b. 

Loel and Corey! 1032, California Univ., De11t. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 37. 

PJtramidclUda (Lrm,qchacu.s) coozJcrl (Anderson and Martin), 

Bartsch, 1917, U.S. Natl. Museum Proc., v. 52, no. 2103, 

p. 637-638, pl. 42, fig. 3. 

1'ypc: California Acad. Sci. 136. 

Type localUy: CAS 65, west bank of small canyon 11,4 miles 

northeast of Barker's ranchhouse [probably same as UCMP 

B1586-near center of NW1,4S~J% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle]. Upper part of Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene. 

Pynt/Jnidella cooperi is abundant in collections from 

the lower part of the Round Mountain Sjlt near the 

mouth of J(ern River Canyon. It differs from known 

Pleistocene and Holocene species of the northeastern 

P~cific Ocean area by its broad and deeply channeled 

sutures. There is a well-defined spiral ridge within 

the excavated basal part of the later whorls. Spiral 

microsculpture ·is developed on the base of the body 

whorl; axial and subdued spiral microsculpture are 

developed on the flat part of the body whorl and on 

the whorl of the spire. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. l\11597, 

M1599 ; UCl\'IP locs. B1598, B1600. Lower part of Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS locs. 6063, 6065, 6622, l\U604, l\U608, 

l\l1609, 1\11611-l\11613, M2480; UCMP locs. B1637, Bl638. 

Subgenus SYRNOLA A. Adams, 1860 

Type (by monotypy): Syrnola gracillima A. Adams, 

I-Iolocene, Japan. 

Pyramidella (Syrnola) ochsneri (Anderson and Martin) 

Plate 21, figures 4-6 

Ettlimella ochsncri Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 66, pl. 7, figs. 23a, b 

Pyrarnidclla (Syrnola) ochsncrl (Anderson and Martin), 

Bartsch, 1917, U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc., v. 52, no. 2183, 

p. 639. 

Pymmiclella (E1tl1mclla) ochsncri (Anderson and Martin), 

I.-oel and Corey, 1932, California Univ., Dept. Geol. Sci. 

Bull., v. 22, no. 3, p. 173. 

Syrnola scandix ~een, Hl43, San Diego Soc. Nat. History 

Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 50-51, 111. 4, figs. 24, 29, ?30. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 138. 

Type locaUty: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 11,4 

miles due north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

Typf's of Syrnoln 8candix Keen: Holotype, Stanford Univ. 

paleontology type colin. 7544; paratypes, SUPTC 7544a-, 7544b. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact near center S'V~ sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle ·Miocene (probably same as USGS l\11612 and UCl\IP 

B1637). 

Py1·an1idella ochsne1i is characterized by deeply incised sutures, a relatively flat wJ10rl profile, and faint 

spiral ribs discernible on the body whorls of some 

of the larger specimens. On well-preserved specimens, 

a microsculpture of closely spaced axial and spiral 

grooves is discernible. Syrnola scandix l(een ( 1943, 

p. 50-51, pl. 5, figs. 24, 20) is based upon smaller specimens from a locality that is stratigraphically higher 

than the type locality of P. ochsne1·i. The holotypes 

have similar whorl profiles, sutures, and similar whorl 

proportions. The less strongly channeled· sutures of 

the smaller specimen of 8. scandix (ICeen, pl. 4, fig. 24) 

are here regarded as a ·normal characteristic of immature specimens. The smallest of l(een's specimens 

of S. scandix (1943, pl. 4, fig. 30) seems to have relatively higher and possibly more convex whorls than 

the other specimens. It may represent another species 

and is therefore included as a doubtful specimen of 

P. ochsneri. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. M1597, 

l\f1599, l\11602. I.-ower part of Ronnel Mountain Silt, USGS 

locs. 1\11602 cf., l\Il612; UC:MP locs. B1637, cf. B1638. 

Genus ODOSTOMIA Fleming, 1813 

Type (by subsequent designation, Gray, 1847) : Turbo plicatus l\1ontagu. Holocene, Europe. 

Subgenus CHRYSALLIDA Carpenter, 1856 

Type (by monotypy) : (}he1nnitzia conununis C. B. 

Adams. Living, Panama Bay and Tobago. 

Palmer ( 1958, p. 244-245) discusses the typology 

of this taxon. 

Odostomia (Chrysallida 1) sequoiana Addicott n. sp. 

Plate 20, figure 12; plate 21, figures 8, 9, 19 

Small, thick, surface smooth and polished. Spire 

conical, moderately high. Nuclear whorls submerged. 

'Vhorls slightly convex, base angulated, sutures impressed. Sculptured by strong spiral groove near base 

above which are one or two weaker grooves. Faint, 

closely spaced axial sculpture discernible on upper 

part of later whorls. Body whorl large, periphery 

broadly angulated. Base of body whorl broadly 

rounded, sculptured with two or more spiral grooves 

below the angulation;. Aperture .subrhomboidal. Inner 

lip sharp, bordered by elongate umbilical chink. Columellar fold not visible in apertural view on some 

specimens. 

Height 3.0 mm, width 1.4 mm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S. Natl. 1\fus. 650302; paratypes, USNM 

()50300, 650301. 

Type locality: USGS l\U597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor .. .sec. 

5, T. 29 S., R.. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. y 
..... 

... 

ORDER TECTIBRANCHIA 143 

Odost01nia seq1.wiana, is represented by several specimens from t.he type locality in the upper part.of the 

Olcese Sa.ncl. It bears some resemblance to certain living eastern Pacific Ocean species assigned to the subgenns 0hTysal1ida by Dall and Bartsch (1909) but 

lacks the elearly defined :txial ribs of the type species. 

I:ToweYer, species with extremely fn:int traces of axial 

scnlptm:e such as 0. decept,rix Dall and Bartsch and 

0. sanctonnn Dall and Bartsch (1909, p. 167, pl. 18, 

fig. 1) have been included in this subgenus. Odost01nia 

sequoiana resembles fairly closely the minute 0. sanctm·mn (USNM: 4649D) from the west coast of Baja 

California but has a much thicker, opaque shell and 

stronger spiral sculpture. Subgeneric affinity with the 

modern taxon is thereby suggested. 

The sculpture of this species is variable. Some specimens have extremely weak spiral sculpture that becomes obsolete on the later "·horls (pl. 20, fig. 12). 

Occurrence: Uiltler pnrt of Olcese Snnd, USGS loc. M1597; 

tTO:\IP loc. B1598. 

Odostomia (Chrysallida 1) n. sp. 

Plnte 21, figure 47 

Small, stout, surface polished. Spire consisting of 

t.hree convex "·horls with subtabulate sutures. Nuclear 

whorls inclined to axis of shell, submerged. Penultimate whorl sculptured by about eight closely spaced, 

weak spiral grooves that are strongest on lower part 

of whorl. Axial sculpture of very fine slightly retractive ribs that become dominant sculptural features on 

body whorl. Body whorl large, broadly rounded, summit subtabulate. 'Veil-defined spiral plait occurs at 

juncture of parietal and columellar walls. 

Height (incomplete) 2.D mm, width (incomplete) 

1.6 mm. 

Fi{IW'Cll 81JCcimcn: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650328 . 

T1J1JC 1oca7.it]J: USGS M1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of smnll j:.,'11lly, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. 

!;ec. 5, ~~~. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part 

of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

Oclostomia n. sp. ~ differs from 0. sequoiana by its 

more numerous, relatively subdued spiral grooves, subtabulate whorl profile, and broadly rounded body 

whorl. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Subgenus BESLA Dall and Bartsch, 1904 

Type (by or.iginal designation) : Ohrysallicla converna Carpenter. I-Iolocene, Gulf of California. 

Odostomia (Besla) rotundomontana (Keen) 

Plate 21, figures 29-31 

OhrlJSall-illa. 1'0t1t1Hlomontmw Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. 

History Tmns;, Y. 10, ··no. 2, p. · 43-44,.- .pl.· 4,· fig. 28. 

TyJJC: Stnnford UniY. paleontology type colln. 7531. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contnct near center SW¥.1 sec. 6, T. 2!) S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch qnadrnngle. Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, midcUe l\liocene (probably same as USGS l\11612 and UCMP 

B1637). 

Placement of this beautifully sculptured Odoston~ia 

in Besla is suggested by close similarity to the type 

species 0. C01Fvexa Carpenter (Dall and Bartsch, 1909, 

p. 135-136, pl. 13, fig. 4; Brann, 1966, pl. 45, fig. 514) 

from the Holocene fauna of the Gulf of California. 

It lacks the evenly papillose sculpture characteristic 

of most of the eastern Pacific Ocean species of Oh1·ysallida (Dall and Bartsch, 1909, p. 137-169), to which 

it was originally assigned. The I{ern River species 

has a larger apical angle and broader, n1ore protractive axial ribs. 

The protractive axial ribs of this species vary from 

straight to sinuous. On the holotype and a few other 

specimens, the intersection of the two anterior spiral 

cords with the axial ribs is nodose. Further variation 

occurs in the convexity of the whorls of the spire and 

the number of axial ribs. 

There is a considerable sculptural similarity to Turbonilla (Tragula) greenlwrnensiB n. sp., but the two 

species can be readily separated by the greater number of whorls, the very slender angulated profile, and 

the lack of spiral plait within the aperture of the 

T. greenhornensis. 

Occurrence: Lower part of Round l\Iountain Silt, USGS toes. 

6067, 6623, cf. l\Il609, l\11610, l\11612, l\11613; UCl\:IP locs. 

B1637, B1638. 

Subgenus MENESTHO Moller, 1842 

Type (by monotypy) : Turbo alb1.tlus Fabricius. 

Holocene, Labrador to Greenland (Tryon, 1886, v. 8, 

p. 344). 

Odostomia (Menestho) repenningi Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 21, figures 22, 32 

Small, elongate ovate. Nuclear whorls submerged. 

Whorls of spire convex, sculptured by four strong 

spiral cords with narrower interspaces. A fifth, very 

weak spiral cord appears just below suture on lat~r 

whorls. Body whorl large, well rounded, sculptured by 

five strong spiral cords. Secondary spiral cord below 

suture, three relatively weak flattened cords on the 

upper part of base of body whorl. Numerous closely 

spaced microsqopic retractive growth striae on body 

whorl. Aperture subovate, basal and columellar lips 

meet in approximate right angle. Obscure, umbilical 

slit on some specimens. 

Height 2.8 mm, width 1.4 mm. 

Types: Holotype, U.S·. Natl. Mus. 650314; parntype, USNM 

650313. 
144 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA. CALIFORNIA 

Type localUy: USGS loc. l\115!)7, in an abandoned roadbed 

at mouth of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west from 

NE. cor. sec. 5, '1'. 29 S., H. 29 .E., Oil Center quadrangle. 

Upper 1)art of Olcese Sand, middle l\liocene. 

The strong, rounded spiral co1~ds of Odostmnia ?'epenningi and the rounded, fairly high spired pi'ofile 

differ markedly from the known species assigned to 

the subgenus 11/ enestho from the eastern Pacific ocean. 

Several minute specimens are in the collections from 

the type locality. 

This species is similar to Odostmnia fa1 1111W Dall and 

Bartsch (1909, p. 188, pl. 20, figs. 1, 1a) in overall 

proportions and size, but its stronger spiral ribs and 

nonpitted, deeper i1iterspaces are clearly distinct fr01n 

the IIolocene southern California species. Several minute specimens are in the collections from the type 

locality. 

Occiwrcncc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\f1597. 

Subgenus EVALEA A. Adams, 1860 

Type (by subsequent designation, Verrill and Bush, 

1900): Evalea elegans A. Adams. Holocene, Japan. 

Odostomia (Evalea) andersoni Bartsch 

Plate 21, figures 11, 12, 21, 25 

Ettlitnella caUtornica Anderson and Martin, 1914, California 

Acad. Sci. Proc., ser. 4, v. 4, p. 67, pl. 7, figs. 19a, b, c. 

[Not Oclostomict (Evalca) cnlifornica Dall and Bartsch, 

1909]. 

Oclostomia (Evalcct) mulet·soni Bartsch, 1917, U.S. Natl. Mus. 

Proc., v. 52, no. 2193, p. 667. 

Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, 

no. 2, p. 49-50, pl. 4, figs. 17, 23. 

Type: California Acad. Sci. 141. 

Type locality: CAS 64, in bottom of small canyon about 114 

miles due north of Barker's ranchhouse. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

This slender species is similar to Odostmnia nenw 

Dall and Bartsch (1909, p. 198-199, pl. 22, Jig. 8), a 

living species that ranges from Santa :i\1onica, Ca.lif. 

southward to Todos Santos Bay, Raja California. The 

modern species differs, however, by having a nearly 

flat whorl profile with a broadly rounded basal angulation. The resultant profile differs from the more convex, less distinctly angulated whorls of 0. andeTsoni. 

Occnrrencc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. l\£1597, 

M1602; TJCl\lP locs. R1698, Bl600. Lower part of Round 

Mountain Silt, USGS locs. l\11612; UCMP locs. B1612, B1637. 

Odostomia (Evalea) aff. 0. (E.) donilla Dall and Bartsch 

Plate 21, figure 33 

A small Odostmnia from the upper part of the 01-

cese Sand (USGS loc. :i\11597) is similar to material 

in the type lot of 0. donilla Dall and Bartsch ( 1909, 

_p. 208, p1. 24, fig. 3). The Holocene specimens from the 

Californian molluscan province differ, however, by 

their greater apical angle, which is manifested by a 

comparatively stouter shell. 

The shell consists of four broadly convex postnuclear whorls separated by well-defined sutures. The 

body whorl is large, its periphery angulated, and its 

base broadly rounded. The surface is sculptured by 

1nicroscopic spira.l grooves and obscure axial growth 

striae. The subovate aperture has a stout columellar 

lip ar1i1ed with a fairly strong plication at the juncture with the partial wall. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Odostomia (Evalea) sp. 

Plate 21, figure 28 

A small, stout Odosto1nia with a.n abraded exterior 

is in the collections from USGS locality ~11597 in the 

upper part of the Olcese Sand. It has a large, convex 

body whorl, a small umbilical chink, and a reflected 

columellar lip. There are a few widely spaced spiral 

grooves preserved on the body whorl. These grooves 

si.1ggest subgeneric allocation to Evalea. 

Occurrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\I1597. 

Odostomia (Evalea n n. sp. 

Plate 21, figure 27 

Small, with narrow spire of four whorls, including 

partly submerged nuclear whorl. Body whorl rounded, 

larger than spire, with obscure angulation near posterior one-third line. 

Height 3.3 n1m, width 1.6 mm. 

Flgttrcd specimen: U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 650316. 

Locality: USGS 15})7, in· abandoned roadbed at mouth of 

small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle :.Miocene. 

This small, worn Odosto1nia seems distinct from 

other species in the l(ern River area. It is distino-uished from the abundant 0. ande?·soni \Yith which b 

it occurs by its more convex whorls, proportionately 

larger body whorl, and smooth anterior whorl profile. 

Although there is no evidence· of spiral groove characteristic of the subgenus Evalea: this species is tentatively included in this subgenus because of general 

similarity to other species so grouped. The surface of 

the figured specimen shmYS signs of considerable abrasion. 

'Vith only one poorly preserved specimen available 

for study, it is difficult to make meaningful comparisons with known species of Odostmnia from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. There does appear to be considerable similarity to 0. tenuis Carpenter (Dall and 

Bartsch, 1909, p. 197-198, pl. 22, fig. 3), a smaller 

., 

I 
ORDER TECTIBRANCHIA 145 

species fr01n the Panamic molluscan province near 

~1azatlan, ~1exico. 

Occnrrcncc: Upper vart. of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. M1597. 

Genus TURBONILLA Risso, 1826 

Type (by subsequent designation .I-Iermannsen, 

1852); 'T~t'roon cost~tlata R[isso]. Fossil, Saint Jean 

(Palmer, 1958, p. 251). 

Subgenus CHEMNITZIA d'Orbigny, 1840 

Type (by monotypy): jlfelania ca'ln/Janellae Philippi. 

I:Tolocene, Sicily. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) n. sp. 

Plate 21, figure 44 

Small, thick shelled, elongate-conical, glossy white. 

Surface o:f whorls abraded, sculptured by heavy vertical axial ribs separated by interspaces of about equal 

width. Penultimate whorl with 16 axial ribs. Sutures 

subtabulate, deeply impressed. Base of body whorl 

smooth, evenly rounded. Aperture subquadrate, periphery broken, with strong spiral fold below insertion o:f collumellar lip. 

I:Teight (almost complete) 4.4 mm, .width 1.8 mm. 

li'-irJu.rc<l spccinwn: U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 650325. 

.Locality: USGS lG9i, in abandoned roadbed at. mouth of 

Rmall gully, l,aoo fe0t south, 3GO feet west of NE. cor. sec. G, 

~e. 2!) S., R. 29 lD., Oil Center quadrangle. Up))er part of Olcese 

Sand, middle "Miocene. 

This thick-shelled, coarsely ribbed species seems to 

be distinct from the known fossil and I-:Iolocene species 

from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It differs from 

I:Tolocene species of Ohe1nnitzia in the U.S. National 

J\1useum collections by its broad apical angle and 

coarse axial ribbing. One abraded specimen has been 

found in collections from the uper part of the Olcese 

Sand. 

Occnrrnncc: Uvpcr pnrt of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) hannai Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 21, figures 38-40 

Small, slender, elongate-conical. Surface dull white, 

smooth. Nuclear whorls oriented nt nearly 90° to axis 

of shell, slightly submerged in first of seven postnuclear whorls. '~Thorl profi.le nearly flat, angulated 

near base. Sutures strongly impressed. Sculptured by 

broad, fairly strong axial ribs that are not clearly set 

off from narrower interspaces. Axial ribs terminate 

:just above smooth basal angulation. Body 'vhorl with 

about 16 ax:ial ribs, base smooth. Aperture subquadrate, inner and outer lips straight, converging slightly 

toward apex. Basal lip rounded, somewhat reflected. 

I:Ieight 4.2 mm, width 1 mm. 

TYJJCS: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650324; paratype, California Univ. l\Ius. Paleontology 32140. 

Type locnlity: USGS l\11507, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 

5, T. 29 S., H. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of 

Olcese Sand, middle l\Iiocene. 

Tw·bonilla hannai is represented by several specimens from the type locality. It differs from the other 

species from the !(ern H.iver district assigned to Ohen~­

nitzia by having a slender, conical spire and rather 

strongly angulated whorls. These features, in addition 

to the relatively few broad axial ribs, seem to be 

unique among Holocene species of 0 he1nnitzia from 

the northeastern Pacific Ocean. 

Occwrrcncc: Up1)er part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzian n. sp. 

Plate 21, figure 18 

Small, very slender. Surface smooth. Nuclear whorls 

encrusted, ·slightly submerged, oriented at right angles 

to axis of spire. Postnuclear whorls eight, gently 

rounded, sculptured by strong, slightly protractive axial ribs separated by narrow interspaces. Penultimate 

whorl with 13 axial ribs," body whorl with about 14. 

Axial ribs somewhat broader in lower half of each 

whorl. Sutures strongly constricted. Base of body 

whorl rounded. Aperture subquadrate, inner lip vertical, slightly refiected. Basal part of outer lip produced anteriorly near juncture with inner lip. 

Height 4.2 mm, width 0.9 mm. 

Pig1wca 81JCCimcn: U.S. Natl. l\Ius. 650311. 

Locality: USGS 1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth of 

small gully, 1,300 feet south, 3GO feet west of NID. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 2!) S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Snnd, middle Miocene. 

Placement of this species in Ohe1nnitzia is considered probable but uncertain because of the "·orn condition of the exterior of the only available specimen. 

A few interspaces have very faint ·pockmarks that 

seem to have been produced by abrasion but could 

possibly represent faint spiral sculpture. 

T~t'l·bonilla n. sp. seems distinct from the known 

fossil and living species of this subgenus from the 

eastern Pacific Ocean. To a certain degree it res01nbles 

· T. anw1·tajadensis Baker and others (1928, p. 209, pl. 

11, fig. 2), but can be readily distinguished from this 

larger 1-Iolocene species from the Gulf of California 

by its less rapidly tapering spire, narrow interspaces 

between axial ribs, and less convex whorls. 

Occurrence: Upper part of ()Ieese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Subgenus PYRGISCUS Philippi, 1841 

Type (by subsequent designa,tion, Arnold, 1903) : 

11! elania rufa Philippi. I-Iolocene, Europe. 
146 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) bravoensis Keen 

Plate 21, figures 34-36 

T1trbonilla, ( Pyrg-iscns) bnt1jOcnsis Keen, 1943, San Diego Soc. 

Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 51-G2, pl. 4, figs. 20, 

26, 27. 

'l'1Jl)C: Stanford Univ. paleontology type colln. 7546. 

Type locality: SU 2121, in small gully close to terrace contact near center S\VlJt. sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch qnadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle l\liocene (probably same as USGS l\11612 and UC;\IP 

B1637). 

TttTbonilla b1·avoensis is characterized by spiral rows 

of slotlike perforations in the interspaces between the 

strong axial ribs. The slots number from five to nine 

per whorl. On some individuals they are evenly spaced; 

on others they are widely spaced near the sutures but 

closely spaced and narrower near the center of the 

whorls. 

Tttrbonilla bTavoensis has been compared (ICeen, 

1943) with T. vi'J·go (Carpenter, 1864) figured by Dall 

and Bartsch ( 1909, pl. 8, figs. 4, 4a), a I-Iolocene species known only from the type locality at Santa Barbara. The holotype ofT. viTgo has 21 axial ribs, whereas the count on T. bTavoens1:s is substantially lower, 

14-16. Comparison of topotype material of the l{ern 

River 1\fiocene species with the holotype of T. virgo 

indicates that the best means of distinguishing between the two is the presence of spiral sculpture on 

the base of T. bravoensis. Contrary to the original illustration (Dall and Bartsch, 1909, pl. 8, fig. 4), the 

holotype of 1'. virgo has a smooth base. 

OccmTcnce: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\U597; 

UCi'\'IP locs. B1586 cf., B1598. Lower part of Round Mountain 

Silt, USGS locs. l\1:1612; UCMP B1637. 

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) hormigacuesta Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 21, figures 37, 43 

Moderately small, very slender. Nuclear whorls poorly preserved, oriented at right angles to spire and 

partly submerged in the first of nine postnuclear 

whorls. "'Vhorl profile nearly flat, point of maximum 

width just above base of whorls. Sculptured by strong, 

somewhat protractive axial ribs, of which there are 

22 on the body whorl. The broad interspaces contain 

seven revolving rows of perforations. Sutures deeply 

impressed. Base of body whorl sculptured by three or 

11?-ore spiral grooves. Aperture subovate. Outer lip 

fairly straight, basal lip rounded. Inner lip straight, 

slightly reflected. 

Height ~.4 mm, width 0.9 mm. (holotype) 

'1'1J1)C8: Holotype, U.S. Natl. Mus. 650322; paratype, USMN 

650321. 

'1.'1J1)C locality: USGS l\H597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gully, 1,300 feet south, .350 feet west of .NE. cor. sec 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene. 

This ~pecies differs frmn Tttrbonilla b1·avoensis, with 

which it occurs, by its extremely slender shelL The 

sculpture and height-width ratio bear considerable 

similarity to T. ayanwna Hertlein and Strong ( 1951, 

p. 96, pl. 6, fig. 14), a Holocene species from western 

Central America, but the axial ribs of the I-Iolocene 

species are retractive, whereas those of T. hm·?ni,qaCttesta are mainly vertical. The combination of a very 

narrow apical angle and a few deeply excavated spiral 

pits seem to distinguish this species from other I-Iolocene turbonillas assigned to Pyrgismts. 

Occnrrcncc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) n. sp. 

Plate 21, .figures 23, 24 

Small, elongate-conical. Nuclear whorls set at right 

angles to axis of spire, slightly subn1erged. Postnuclear whorls five, profile almost straight. Posterior 

whorls sculptured by about 16 slender, vertically oriented axial ribs separated by nearly equal interspaces. 

Axial ribs become obsolete on penultimate whorl and 

are poorly developed in lower third of earlier whorls. 

Spiral sculpture of six evenly spaced spiral grooves on 

whorls of spire, eight on body whorl. Sutures deeply 

impressed. Aperture subovate. Basal and inner lips reflected outwards. Thin callus on parietal wall. 

Height 3.4 mm, width 1.0 mm. 

F·i(Jw·cd 8J)CCimcn: U.S. Natl. l\lus. 650315. 

Locetz.ity: USGS loc. 1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth of 

small gully, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec 5, 

'_r. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

SaiHl, middle :Miocene. 

This species differs markedly from other turbonillas 

of the l(ern River J\1iocene by the absence of axial 

sculpture on the final whorls. It does not closely resemble any of the known Holocene northeastern Pacific species included jn Pyr,qirsmts. 

Occwrrence: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS loc. l\11597. 

Subgenus PYRGOLAMPROS Sacco, 1892 

Type (by original designation) : Pyr,qola1npros ?nioperplicatttltts Sacco. Tortonian, J\1:onteg.ibbio, Italy. 

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) mariposa Keen 

Plate 21, figures 17, 26, 40, 42 

TnrbonWn (Pyrgolampros)- mariposa Keen, 1943, San Diego 

Soc. Nat. History Trans., v. 10, no. 2, p. 52, pl. 4, figs. 

19, 25. 

Type: Stanford Univ. Paleontology type colin. 7547. 

'l.'ypc locct.lity SU 2121, s.mall gully close to terrace contact 

near center of S\Vlj~ sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Caliente quadrangle. Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

Most specimens collected from near the type locality 

of TuTbonilla nw1·iposa in the lower part of the Round 

J\1:ountain Silt lack clearly defined 1nicroscopic spiral 
FOSSIL LOCALITIES 147 

sculpture. The rib count, general proportions, and size, 

however, are comparn.ble to l(een's original figures and 

description (1943). On some of the well-preserved 

specin~ens, the spiral sculpture consists of extremely 

fitint, microscopic striae. There is considerable variat:ion in the strength of axial ribbing on specimens 

identified herein as T. nwlriposa; on some individuals 

the axial sculpture wen.kens or becomes obsolete on 

the final whorl. , 

A small, abraded specimen identified n.s T'lt?·bonilla 

c:f. T. ma1'i7Josa (pl. 21, fig. 20) has n, relatively larger 

body whorl than topotypes o:f T. ma1·iposa. Microscopic spirn.l striae occur on the body whorl of this 

specimen, but the magnifi?ation of the photograph is 

:insuffi.cim1t to show them. ·. 

Ooowrrcncc: Upper pnrt of .Olcese Sand, USGS Joe. M1597; 

UOl\:lP Ioc. Bl.GOl cf. Lower pa~·t of Round :Mountain Silt, 

USGS Joe. MlGl.2; UCl\IP Iocs. B1637. cf. B1638. 

Subgenus PTYCHEULIMELLA Sacco, 1892 

Type (by subsequerit designation, Dall and Bartsch, 

1904) : 'Po1'1Wtella 7'Y'ramidata Deshayes. Tertiary, 

Europe. 

Turbonilla (ptycheulimella) edisonensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 21, figure 7 

Small, thin, highly polished. Nuclear whorls partly 

immersed in first of six postnuclear whorls. Sutures 

strongly impressed. '\Vhorl profile nearly flat. Surface 

smooth, with :faint, irregular axial lines of growth and 

very finely microscopic spiral striae. Aperture broadly 

oval shaped. Outer lip extremely thin, inner lip curved. 

I-Ieight 3.2 1nm, width 0.4 mm. 

~Fmw: U.S. Natl. Mus. 650299. 

'1'111JC loca.Ut1J: USGS Joe. l\f1613, east side of gully 20 feet 

strn t:igTn phically nhove l\11612, 1,300 feet north, 1,450 feet east 

of SW. cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrnng·Ie. Lower 11art of Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

'1''1.t.trbonilla edisonensis is the first Tertiary species 

o:f Ptychettlimella to be described from western North 

America. It is slenderer and has more strongly impressed sutures than the I:Iolocene northeastern Pacific 

Ocean species of this subgenus. 

Occlwrcncc: Lower part of Round Mountain Silt, USGS loc. 

l\U613. 

Subgenus TRAGULA Monterosato, 1884 

Type (by original desig11ation) : Odost01nia fenest?·ata Forbes. I-Iolocene, Europe. 

Turbonilla (Tragula) greenhornensis Addicott, n. sp. 

Plate 21, figures 45, 46 

Small, elongate-conical. Nuclear whorls submerged, 

only slightly tilted. Postnnclear whorls six, profile flat, 

base broadly n.ngulate. '\Vhorls sculptured by about 

14 strongly protractive axial ribs with narrower interspaces. Spiral sculpture of two strong cords in lower 

one-third of each whorl. Sutures deeply impressed, 

bordered posteriorly by a very weak spiral cord. Base 

of body whorl smooth, with one narrow groove near 

edge. Aperture ovate, inner lip curved. 

Height 3.4 mm, width 1.1 n1m. 

T1J]JCS: Holotype, U.S. Natl. :Mns. 650326; paratype, USNM 

650327. 

'1'1/JJC locaHt11: USGS l\l1597, in abandoned roadbed at mouth 

of small gnll;\T, 1,300 feet south, 350 feet west of NE. cor. sec. 5, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese 

Sand. middle Miocene. 

This species is placed in the subgenus Tragula because of the close degree of similarity to the type 

species, T'lt?·bonilla (T1·ag'ltla) fene8t?·ata (Forbes) 

(Pilsbry, 1886, pl. 74, figs. 58, 60, 61), from European 

seas. This subgenus has not previously been reported 

from the eastern Pacific Ocean. 

There is a very close resemblance between this species and Odo8t01nia ?'Ot'ltndonwntana. The two species 

can be differentiated, however, by the greater number of whorls and much smaller apical angle of Tu?·bonilla g1·eenh01"nensis. 

Occ1wrcncc: Upper part of Olcese Sand, USGS locs. M1597, 

M1602. 

FOSSIL LOCALITIES 

[The following arc original ~cscriptions tak~n from the lo~ality registers .. Formation~l 

nomenclature and age assignments added 111 brackets a1 c those of the p1cscnt auth01 . Localities arc shown in figure 3.] 

USGS localities (Washington, D.C. register) 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

3886 ____ Bluffs of Kern Rive~·, 1 mile below power station on 

6063 ___ _ 

6064_---

6065 ___ _ 

north side of river. Collected by G. H. Eldridge, 

1903. 

North bank of Kern River, 11 miles northeast of 

Bakersfield, from 100 to 500 ft southwest from 

bridge across river 1 mile below mouth.of granite 

canyon; from the water's edge to 30 ft up on bluff. 

From lowest Miocene beds exposed [lower part of 

the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by Robert Anderson, September 1910. 

North of Kern River, 11 miles·northeast of Bakersfield, 

an eighth of a mile northward from bridge 1 mile 

below mouth of Kern Canyon; in gully about 70 ft 

above level of river. Lower beds of Miocene, just 

above lowest beds exposed [lower part of the Round 

Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by 

Robert Anderson, September, 1910. 

North of Kern Rivqr about 10 miles northeast of 

Bakersfield. Along flume at edge of hills, at center of 

first big reentrant bei1d of border of river terrace 

about 1 mile northeast of Rio Bravo Ranch [lower 

part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. 

Collected by Robert Anderson, September 1910. 
148 

Locality 

6066 ___ _ 

6067 ___ _ 

6068 ___ _ 

6608 ___ _ 

6609 ___ _ 

6610 ___ _ 

661L __ _ 

6612 ___ _ 

MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

USGS localities (Washington, D.C. register)-Con. 

Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

Southeast side of Kern River about 11 miles northeast 

· of Bakersfield. About a quarter of a mile downstream from bridge, 1 mile below mouth of the 

granit~ canyon of Kern River. Thirty feet above 

stream in low bluff. Lower part of Miocene [lower 

part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. 

Collected by Robert Anderson, September 1910. 

South bank of Kern River at Barker's Ranch, 8 miles 

miles northeast of Bakersfield. At water's edge 500 

ft east of old ranchhouse half a mile north of Ant 

Hill. Clayey sand in upper part of lower Miocene 

[lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene]. Collected by Robert Ander;,on, September 1910. 

South bank of Kern River at Barker's Ranch, 8 miles 

northeast of Bakersfield. About 30 ft above river in 

low bluff 600 ft east of old ranchhouse half a mile 

north of Ant Hill. Soft yellow sand in lower part of 

Miocene [lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene]. Collected by Robert Anderson, 

September 1910. 

South side of Kern River, about 11 miles east of 

Bakersfield. West side of Cottonwood Creek, about 

a third of a mile west of road along the creek and 1 

mile upstream from junction of that road with Kern 

River road. Near top of lower Miocene [Round 

Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by J. D. 

Northrop, Sept. 27, 1911. 

North side of Kern River, about 8 miles northeast of 

Bakersfield. In gulch on south side of easternmost 

860-ft hill about 1 mile north of Kern River. In 

NEUSWU sec. 25, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., near top of 

lower Miocene [near the top of the Round Mountain 

Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by J. D. Northrop, 

Oct. 3, 1911. 

South side of Kern River, about 11 miles east of 

Bakersfield. Crest of 1,000-ft. hill southwest a third 

of a mile from junction of road up Cottonwood 

Creek with that of Kern River. Almost at top of 

lower Miocene [Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene]. Collected by J. D. Northrop, Sept. 25, 

1911. 

Ten miles N. 75° E. of Bakersfield and about 1 mile 

southeast of Rio Bravo Ranch. General collection 

in gullies draining southwest from crest of 1, 100-ft 

ridge trending northwest-southeast and lying due 

south of junction of Kern River and Cottonwood 

Creek. Near SE cor. sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E. In 

upper part of lower Miocene [near top of the Round 

Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by A. T. 

Schwennessen, Oct. 19, 1911. 

Ten miles N. 75° E. of Bakersfield and 1 mile southeast of Rio Bravo Ranch. In northernmost gulch 

draining southwest from 1, 100-ft ridge trending 

northwest-southeast and lying due south of 

junction of Kern River and Cottonwood Creek. 

Near SE, cor. sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E. Near top of 

lower Miocene [near top of Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene]. Collected by J. D. Northrop, 

Sept. 27, 1911. Same as loc. 6611. 

Locality 

6613 ___ _ 

6619 ___ _ 

662L __ _ 

6622 ___ _ 

6623 ___ _ 

6624 ___ _ 

6625 ___ _ 

6627 ___ _ 

USGS localities (Washington, D.C. register)-Con. 

Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

South bank of Kern River, 8 miles N. 60° E. of 

Bakersfield. About 300 yds east of old buildings of 

Barker's Ranch, along abandoned irrigation ditch. 

In upper part of lower Miocene (see loc. 6067, 6068) 

[lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene]. Collected by R. W. Pack and J.D. Northrop, Sept. 19, 1911. 

North side of Kern River about 9 miles N. 60° E. of 

Bakersfield. In SE~-~ sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., in 

prominent bluffs above cabin. Upper middle part of 

. lower Miocene [upper .part of the Olcese Sand, 

middle Miocene]. Collected by A. T. Schwennessen, 

Sept. 27, 1911. 

Ten miles northeast of Bakersfield, on north bank of 

Kern River 1U miles northwest of Rio Bravo 

Ranch, where river makes a right-angled turn from 

north to west. In first small gully after leaving fiat, 

about 15ft above base of bank. Upper middle part 

of lower Miocene [lower part of the Round Mountain 

Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected by A. T. 

Schwennessen, Sept. 27, 1911. 

North bank of Kern River, 10-11 miles northeast of 

Bakersfield. Float rock at base of bluff below where 

fossils were collected at loc. 6623. Middle part of 

lower Miocene. These fossils are unquestionably 

from beds in the cliffs at whose foot they lie, and 

are from same horizon as those of loc. 6623 [lower 

part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. 

Collected by R. W. Pack, J. D. Northrop, October 1911. 

North bank of Kern River, 10-11 miles northeast of 

Bakersfield. In bluffs above irrigation ditch about 

1~~ miles northeast of Rio Bravo Ranch and threefourths of a mile below the bridge, three-fourths 

of a mile below mouth of Canyon. Approximately 

same as loc. 6065. Middle part of lower Miocene 

[lower part of the Round Mountain, Silt, middle 

Miocene]. Collected by R. W. Pack, A. T. Schwennessen, Sept. 19, 1911. 

Ten miles northeast of Bakersfield and 2~~ miles 

northwest of Rio Bravo Ranch. In the S% sec. 28, 

and N% sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., in bed of large 

arroyo that drains due south through those sections. 

Middle part of lower Miocene [upper part of the 

Olcese Sand, middle Miocene]. Collected by J. D. 

Northrop, A. T. Schwennessen, Sept. 20, 1911. 

Eleven miles northeast of Bakersfield. About half a 

mile east of Cottonwood Creek on south side of 

gully joining that .creek about a quarter ·of a mile 

above crossroads at its junction with Kern River 

[Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. In middle 

part of lower Miocene. Collected by J.D. Northrop, 

Sept. 27, 1911. 

Twelve miles N. 30° E. of Bakersfield. In center W~~ 

sec. 36, T. 27 S., R. 28 E. In small arroyo tributary 

to Adobe Canyon from west. About 1 mile above its 

mouth. In first arroyo upstream from 1,070-ft hill. 

Middle part of lower Miocene [lower part of the 

Olcese Sand, middle Miocene]. Collected by R. W. 

Pack, Sept. 2, 1911, and A. T. Schwennessen, Aug. 

31, 1911. 
FOSSIL LOCALITIES 149 

USGS localities (Washington, D.C. register)-Continued 

Locality 

6628 ___ _ 

6638 ___ _ 

6639 ___ _ 

Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

About one-fourth of a mile south of cabin in small 

valley 2}~ miles almost due east of Round Mountain 

[near top of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene]. Collected by R. W. Pack, Aug. 26, 1911. 

Between Kcm River and Poso Crock in northwest 

corner Cn.licntc quadrangle about 13 miles northeast 

of Bakersfield. Southwest slope of Pyramid Mountain. In hard sandstone reefs just north of old road 

running cast and west. In lower part of lower Miocene [lower p11rt of the Jewett Sand, lower Miocene]. 

Collected by J. D. Northrop, R. W. Pack, Sept. 15, 

1911. 

Twelve miles N. 4.5° E. of Bakersfield. North end of 

ridge running north from Pyramid Hill. From 1,500-

ft hill 11nd crest of ridge north of it in sec. 10, T. 28 

S., R. 2!) R, just north of Caliente quadrangle. 

J'i'rom m11ssive s11ndstone overlying clays that form 

b11sc of Miocene [lower part of the Jewett Sand, 

lower Miocene]. Collected by R. W. Pack, Aug. 24, 

1911. 

664L ___ North side of Kern River about 11 miles northeast of 

B11kcrsficld. In first deep gulch east of bridge crossing 

river three-fourths of 11 mile below mouth of canyon. 

About h11lf a mile northeast of Kern River and half a 

mile southwest of granitic contact. Lower part of 

lower Miocene [lower part of Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene]. Collected by J. D. Northrop, 

Sept. 16, 1911. 

6890_ _ _ _ North side of Kern River 1 mile northeast of the 

B11rker's mnchhouse, about 12 miles east and a little 

north of B11kcrsficld [upper part of the Olcese 

S11nd, middle Miocene]. From California Academy 

of Science (CAS loc. 65), May 1914. 

1336L __ First sm11ll c11nyon north of Sharktooth Hill. SE}~ 

NW}~ soc. 25, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., M.D.B.&M., 

2,100 ft N. 10° W. of 643 hill. Bakersfield quadrangle. Temblor Formation [upper part of the 

Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene]. Collected 

by K. E. Lohman,July 13, 1934. 

Locality 

Ml.590 __ 

M159L_ 

M1592_-

USGS Cenozoic localities (Menlo Park register) 

Descri1Jtion of locality, collector, and date collected 

In sm11ll gully on south side of prominent ridge trending southwesterly through SE}~ sec. 15, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., 1,450 ft N., 1,500 ft W. of SE. cor. sec. 

15, Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Collected from large fossil quarry in basal marine 

stmtum west of Pyramid Hill. Basal part of the 

Jewett S11nd. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

On north side of westerly-trending gully in NW.X sec. 

14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 2,150 ft N., 500ft E. of SW. 

cor. sec. 14, Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 

ed.). B11s11l marino conglomeratic sandstone on 

southwest flank of Pyramid Hill. Basal part of the 

Jewett Sand, same as UCMP B1665. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1962-64. 

700ft S., 950 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 23, T. 28 S., R. 

29 R, Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

Basal marine sandstone overlying nonmarine W alkcr Formation southeast of Pyramid Hill. Basal 

part of the Jewett Sand, same as UCMP B1662. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

USGS Cenozoic localities (Menlo Park register)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

M1593 __ A few hundred feet northwest of center of sec. 9, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., in cut on access road to well location 

where road crosses north shoulder of hill, Woody 

quadrangle (1952 ed.). Concretionary stratum in 

bluish-gray very fine grained sandstone. Lower part 

of the Olcese Sand, same as UCMP B1676. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962, 1964. 

M1594_ _ Roadcut on northwest side of canyon trending northeasterly through N% sec. 12, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., in 

SE}~NW}~ sec. 12, Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). 

Uppermost, coarse to very coarse, crossbedded sand 

in the Olcese Sand overlain by Round Mountain 

Silt. Same as UCMP B1629. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1962. 

M1595 __ West bank of large gully 550ft S., 3,000 ft E., of NW. 

cor. sec. 5, T. ~9 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle 

(1954 ed.). Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M1596 __ Pelecypod biostrome on east side of southerly-trending 

canyon, 1,400 ft N., 100 ft W. of SE. cor. sec. 24, 

T. 28 S., R. 28 E., Oil Center quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

Near the top of the Olcese Sand, same as UCMP 

loc. 1603. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M1597 __ In NE~~ sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 1,300 ft S., 350 ft 

W. from NE. cor. sec. 5, Oil Center quadrangle 

(1954 ed.). Upper part of the Olcese Sand, same as 

UCMP B1598. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962, 

1963. 

M1598 __ Opposite mouth of second gully south of the forks on 

east side of large southerly-trending canyon, 700 ft 

N., 1,400 ft W., of SE. cor. sec. 28, T. 28 S., R. 29 

E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Near 

tho top of the Olcese Sand, same as UCMP B1615. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M1599 __ Bottom of southeasterly-trending gully 900 ft S., 150 

ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 cd.). Near the top 

of the Olcese Sand, 17 ft stratigraphically below 

M1600. Same as UCMP B1599. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1962. 

M1600 __ Tivela bed on east side of gully trending southeasterly 

through sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 650 ft S., 100 ft E. 

of NW. cor. sec. 33, near the top of the Olcese Sand, 

17 ft stratigraphically above loc. M1599. Same as 

UCMP B1600. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M160L _ On northwest bank of stream running south-southwesterly through SE}{ sec. 31, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Oil Center quadrangle (1954 ed.). 1,700 ft N., 400 

ft W. of SE. cor. sec. 31. Upper part of the Olcese 

Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M1602 __ On west bank of Ely fork of gully in SW}{SW}~ sec. 32, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle (1954 ed.); 

700 ft N., 300 ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 32. Near the 

top of the Olcese Sand, probably same stratigraphic 

position as M1601. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1962. 

M1603 __ Cut on east side of Rancheria Road, 2,000 ft S., 1,900 

ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 35, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio 

Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 
150 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

USGS Cenozoic localities (Menlo Park register)-Continued 

Locality 

M1604_ _ 

l\11605_-

M1606 __ 

l\11607 --

M1608 __ 

l\11609 __ 

M1610_. __ 

M161L_ .. 

M1612 __ _ 

M1613 __ _ 

Description oflocality, collector, and date collected 

Near mouth of southerly-trending gully immecljately 

north of Kern River, 900 ft N. of SE. cor. sec. 33, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle 

(1954 ed.). Round Mountain Silt. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

T1trritclla bed west of Cottonwood Creek, 1,050 ft S., 

2,500 ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 13, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 

Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). At the 

top of the diatomaceous part of the Round Mountain Silt, same as UCMP B1588. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1962, 196.5. 

On northeast side of southwesterly-trending gully 200 

ft N. of SE. cor. sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E:, Rio 

. Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Uppermost 

part of the Round Mountain Silt, 52 ft stratigraphically below the Bena Formation of Dibblee and 

others (1965). Same as UCMP B1678. Collected by 

W. ·o. Addicott, 196'2. 

Approximately 30 ft below contact with Kern River 

Formation, 1,650 ft N., '650ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 11, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle 

(1954 ed.). Near the top of the Round Mountain 

Silt, approximately 30ft stratigraphically below the 

base of the Santa Margarita Formation. Same as 

UCMP B1633. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

Olcese Boy Scout Camp on south bank of Kern River, 

at base of bluff 3,200 ft S., 1,100 ft W. of NE. cor. 

sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Low.er part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

Olcese Boy Scout Camp on south bank of Kern River, 

3,200 ft S., 1,100 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 1, T. 29 S., 

R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 26 ft 

stratigraphically above loc. M1608. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

Olcese Boy Scout Camp on south bank of Kern River, 

3,200 ft S., 1,100 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 1, T. 29 S., 

R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 37 ft 

stratigraphically above loc. M1608. Collected by 

W. 0: Addicott, 1962. 

Bottom of gully 1,150 ft. N, 2;050 ft E. of SW. cor. 

sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

Bottom of east fork of gully in SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., 

R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.)., 

1,250 ft N., 1,350 ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 6. Lower part 

of the Round Mountain Silt, same as UCMP 

B1637. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962, 1963. 

East side of gully 20ft stratigraphically above M1612, 

1,300 ft N., 1,450 ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., 

R. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, same as 

UCMP B1638. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1962. 1963. 

M1614___ West bank of stream 1,450 ft N., 750ft W. of SE. cor. 

sec. 31, T; 28 S., R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle 

(1954 ed.). Near the top of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

USGS Cenozoic localities (Menlo Park register)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

M1692 ___ Bottom of gully trending south-southwesterly through 

center of sec. 31, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 1,750 ft S., 

2,900 ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 31, Oil Center quadrangle (1954 ed.). Near the top of the Olcese Sand. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M1693 ___ Calcareous fine to very fine grained sandstone concretions in north bank of northwesterly-trending 

gully, 50 ft N., 1,550 ft W. of SE. cor. sec. 30, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E. Oil Center quadrangle (1954 cd.). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1963. 

M1694 ___ Collected from weak ledge of concretionary silty, 

very fine grained sandstone· approximately 70 ft 

stratigraphically below M1593 on south side of 

west-southwesterly trending summit of hill ncar 

center of sec. 9, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 2,400 ft southerly 

and 1,800 ft easterly from NW. cor. sec. 9, Woody 

quadrangle (1952 ed.). Same as H. G. Schenck's 

(1931) "Aturia" locality. Lower part of the Olcese 

Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M1695 ___ Bottom of major gully trending northwest through 

SW}~ sec. 6, 1,000 ft N. and 1,150 ft E. of SW. 

cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Rio Bravo quadrangle (1954 ed.). Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M1696 ___ From lens of silty very fine sand in siltstone section. 

In bottom of gully trending northwesterly through 

SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., 350 ft N. and 900 

ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 6, Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, stratigraphically above lVI1695. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M1697 ___ Near top of southerly-trending cliff, 2,550 ft E. and 

650 ft N. of SW. cor. sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Oil Center quadrangle (1954 ed.). From fine to 

very fine grained calcareous sandstone ledge. Upper 

part of the Olcese Sand. Collection from same 

stratum as UC:MP B1587 and B1597. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M1698 ___ 350 ft south of bridge across Poso Creek, near base of 

cliff on south side of creek, 150 ft S., 50 ft E. of 

NW. cor. sec. 7, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Probably the same as Blake's 

Ocoya Creek locality collected in August 1853. 

Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963, 

1967. 

M1699 ___ Top of southerly of two knobs on narrow ridge 

trending northerly through center of sec. 10, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., 2,300 ft S., 2,100 ft E. of NW. cor. 

sec. 10, Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Near the 

base of the Jewett Sand, stratigraphically above 

loc. M1700. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

l\11700 ___ 2,300 ft S., and 2,000 ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 10, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). 

Basal marine conglomeratic sandstone of the 

Jewett Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1963. 

M2460 ___ 2,200 ft S., 650 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 15, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). 

About 100 ft stratigraphically above the base of 

the Jewett Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1963. 

' \ 
FOSSIL LOCALITIES 151 

USGS Cenozo1:c locaWies (Menlo Park register)-Continued 

Locality J)escriJJiion of locality, collector, and date collected 

M2480 ___ 1,300 ft N., 1,450 ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 6, T. 29 S., 

H .. 30 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle (1954 

ed.); 35-40 ft stratigraphically above l\1161.3. 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1962. 

M260L .• In bottom of gully about 1,800 ft southwest of basement sediment contact, 1,350 ft S., 500 ft W. of 

NE. cor. sec. 36, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

'Ranch quadrangle (1954 ed.). Lower part of the 

Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicot 

1954. 

Cal?:fornia University l\1usewn of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP) 

Locality 

2713 ___ _ 

2714 ___ _ 

2716 ___ _ 

B1586 __ _ 

B1587 __ _ 

B1588---

B1592 __ _ 

131593 •• -

B1594 __ _ 

Description oflorality, collector, and date collected 

Temblor locality 1. Caliente quadrangle, Miocene 

[presumably from the Round Mountain Silt near 

Kern River]. 

Temblor locality 2. Caliente quadrangle, Miocene 

[Upper part of the Olcese Sand(?), middle Miocene]. 

Temblor locality 4. Caliente quadra.ngle, Miocene. 

Next to lowest of six fossiliferous stmta on east side of 

north-south trc•nding gully, NW~~SE}~ sec. 32, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). 

Gray calcareous silty very fine grained sandstone, 

4-6 in. thick. Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

Uppermost fossiliferous ledge in southeast-facing 

cliff, SW}~SE}~ sec. 32, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). Gray calcareous fine to 

. very fine grained sandstone ledge, 1-3 ft thick. 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

On east slcpe of hill facing Cottonwood Creek at about 

1,000-ft contour, NE%NW~~ sec. 13, T. 29. S., R. 

29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Turritella 

ocoyana bed in orangish-tan-weathering gypsiferous 

silty very fine sand. At the top of the diatomaceous 

part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

Near mouth of a quarter-mile-long east-trending 

gully immediately northeast of Sharktooth Hill, 

SE}~NW}~ sec. 25, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., Bakersfield 

quadrangle (1906 ed.). Faded-red-weathering unconsolidated lenticular silt 3-4 in. thick. At the top 

of the diatornaceous part of the Round Mountain 

Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

East side of hill 933, NE%NW~~ sec. 32, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). Lightgray silty calcareous sandstone forming prominent 

bench in slope. Upper part of the Olcese Sand. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

East side of hill 933, NE%NW}~ sec. 32, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). 

Brown-weathering lenticular very fine sand about 

13 ft stmtigmphically below B1593. Upper part of 

the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 

1954. 

I California University Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

B1595 ___ East side of hill 933, NE~~NW% sec. 32, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). 

Gray calcareous platy very fine grained sandstone 

40 ft stratigraphically below B1593. Upper part of 

the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1953, 1954. 

B1596 ___ North side of short northwest-trending gully 125 yds 

upstream from mouth and 20 ft above bed. Just 

north of south line of sec. 30, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. 

(in SW~~SE~~), Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). 

Gray calcareous silty very fine grained sandstone 

ledge. Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

B1597 ___ Float collection from uppermost ledge on south side 

of hill 728 (Bakersfield quadrangle), 200 ft S., 

100ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Oil 

Center quadrangle (1950 ed.). Fine- to mediumgrained sandstone cropping out in a 6- ·to 12-in. 

ledge traceable for a quarter of a mile. Upper part of 

the Olcese Sand; same bed as B1587. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

B1598 ___ At mouth of short Y -shaped gully approximately 200 

yds north of abandoned sand and gravel plant, 

1,200 ft S., 300 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 5, T. 29 S., 

R. 29 E., Oil Center quadrangle (1 950 ed.). Gray clean 

fine to very fine sand. Upper part of the Olcese 

Sand. Colle~ted by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

B1599. _ _ In second southeast-trending gully due east of hill 

933 (Bakersfield quadrangle); NW%NW}~ sec. 33, 

T. 28, S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). 

Gray tuffaceous poorly sorted fine-grained sandstone 3-4 in. thick. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, 

approximately 80 ft stratigraphically below the 

base of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

B1600 ___ In second southeast-trending gully due east of hill 933 

(Bakersfield quadrangle), NW%NW}~ sec. 33, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). TivelaPolinices bed reddish-brown weathering micaceous 

medium to coarse gravelly sand. Upper part of the 

Olcese Sand, 17 ft stratigraphically above B1599. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1"953, 1954. 

B160L __ In second southeast-trending gully due east of hill 933 

(Bakersfield quadrangle), NW}~NW}~ sec. 33, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Limonitic stained poorly sorted very fine grained sandstone 

ledge 6-8 in. thick. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, 

21 ft stratigraphically above B1600. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 

B1602 ___ South side of Sharktooth Hill in head of southtrending gully, NHSW% sec. 25, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). Orangish-brownweathering calcareous silty sandstone ledge. Upper 

part of the Round Mountain Silt stratigraphically 

above the tooth and bone bed a.nd about 30 ft 

stratigraphically below the Santa Margarita Formation of Dibblee and others (1965). Same as 

Anderson's (1911) "C zone" megafossil locality. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1953, 1954. 
152 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

California University Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

B1603 ___ Lower of two fossiliferous strata in east bank of 

north-south-trending gully east of gypsum mining 

operations, NE~~SE% sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). Pelecypod 

biostrome in orangish-brown-weathering gypsiferous very fine sand 1-4 ft thick. Upper part of the 

Olcese Sand about 80ft stratigraphically below top 

of the formation. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1953, 1954. 

B1605 ___ West flank of northernmost knob on north-south 

ridge and 25 ft below top, SW}~NW~ sec. 10, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). 

Calcareous very coarse grained conglomeratic 

sandstone about 5 ft thick. Basal part of the Jewett 

Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1606 ___ West flank of north-south-trending ridge 1,000 ft 

south of B1605, 1,000 ft west of center of sec. 10, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E., Woody quadran~le· (1952 ed.). 

Float collection from basal 95ft of the Jewett Sand. 

This locality and B1605 probably are equivalent to 

Loel and Corey's (1932, p. 97) "northwest of 

Pyramid Hill'' locality. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

B1607 ___ In roadcut 500ft. east of bend in Poso Creek road, 

SE7~SE~~ sec. 2, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Gray calcareous silty very fine 

grained sandstone 6 in. thick. Lower part of the 

Round Mountain Silt about 15-20 ft stratigraphically above the top of the Olcese Sand. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1608_ _ _ South side of Kern River in cut on east side of road 

leading to bridge built in 1952, NEH sec. 11, T. 29 

S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Lenses 

of mollusks in dark-gray micaceous silty shale. 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1609 ___ Top of northwest-trending flat-topped hill west of 

gravel plant on Cottonwood Creek, NE}~SWH sec. 

12, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 

ed.). Float collection from tan sandy silt soil. Top 

of the diatomaceous part of the Round Mountain 

Silt; same stratigraphic position as B1588. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B161L __ About 25ft below and south of highest point on northwest-trending ridge, SW}~NW% sec. 8, T. 29 S., R. 

30 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Light-gray 

calcareous very fine grained sandstone. Lower part 

of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1954. 

B1612 ___ In roadcut near top of cliff above mouth of southeasttrending gully, near center of SW}~ sec. 6, T. 29 S., 

R. 30 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Thin 

fossiliferous lens in grayish-tan-weathering massive 

siltstone. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 

160 ft stratigraphically above B1638. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

California University Museum of.Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

B1613 ___ At "Y" in north fork of southeast-trending gully west 

of P. G.&E. private road, SW}~SE% sec. 26, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Fossiliferous lenses at base of grayi&h-tan limonitic mottled sandy siltstone 19 ft thick. Round Mountain 

Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1614 ___ Near top of first gully southeast of "Y" in large northsouth canyon, NE~SE7~ sec. 28, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Collection from 

three Tivela beds in 20-ft. interval of fine to very 

coarse gravely sand. Upper part of the Olcese Sand. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1615 ___ Opposite mouth of second gully on east side of major 

north-south canyon south of the forks, SW~SE}~ 

sec. 28, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle 

(1914 ed.). Orangish-brown-weathering silty fine to 

very fine sand 5 ft above floor of canyon. Upper 

part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

B1616 ___ West side of canyon 300 ft downstream from B1615, 

SW}~SE~ sec. 28, T. 28. S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 ed.). Same stratum and lithology 

as B1615. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1617 ___ Near top of 125-ft cliff cut by old river meander and 3 

ft below river terrace gravel contact, center of 

NWH sec. 1, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle 

(1914 ed.). Collection from thin lens in light-gray 

massive gypsiferous siltstone. Lower part of the 

Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

B1618 ___ Mouth of first gully on north side of Kern River and 

east of section line fence, SWHSW}~ sec. 34, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Grayto chocolate-brown-weathering shaly silt and very 

fine sand. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1619 ___ North bank of Kern River, a third of a mile downstream from B1618, SW~SE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 

29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Lower part 

of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1954. 

B1620 ___ Mouth of north-south-trending gully north of abandoned bridge across Kern River, NE}~NEH sec. 1, 

T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). 

Thin fossiliferous lenses in white to light-tan siltstone. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B162L __ In landslide or slump in north fork of west-trending 

gully emptying into east fork of major north-south 

canyon, SW}~NW}~ sec. 27, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Light-brownweathering silty very fine sand 1 ft thick. Upper 

part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

.• 
r 

FOSSIL LOCALITIES 153 

Cal?:fornia University 1111tsewn of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UC111P)-Continued 

J~ocality 

Bl622 __ _ 

Bl623 __ _ 

Bl624 __ _ 

B1625 __ _ 

Bl.62(L __ 

Bl629 __ _ 

Bl630 __ _ 

Bl633 __ _ 

Bl636 __ _ 

DescriJ>lion of locality, collector, and date collected 

Nem· top of landslide or slump halfway up cast bank 

of rnajor north-south canyon half a mile north of 

Kern River, SW}4NE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 cd.). Orangish-brownwcathcring very fine grained sandstone 6-8 in. 

thick. Upper part of the Olccsc Sand. Collected by 

W. 0. Addioott, 1954. 

In landslide on cast wall of major north-south canyon 

200 yds south of B1622 and 75 ft above canyon 

floor, C(LSt of center of sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 cd.). Upper part of the 

Olcesc Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

Slump block on cast side of major north-south canyon 

'near intersection of canyon floor and 600-ft topographic contour, W}~NE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Cali en tc q uadranglc (1914 ed.). Collection from 

orangish-brown-wcathcring crossbcddcd fine sand 

5-8 in. thick about 15ft above canyon floor. Upper 

part of the Olccse Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

Top of northwest-trending ridge between the 1,300-

and 1,400-ft topographic contours, SW}~SE}~ sec. 

22, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 

eel.). Gray calcareous sandy siltstone concretions 

ncar top of a 25-ft siltstone. Lower part of the 

Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

In small north-south-trending gully south of fiattopped hill in NE% sec. 31, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 cd.). Gray calcareous 

silty very fine grained sandstone ledge. Upper part 

of the Olcese Sand, probably same stratigraphic 

position as 131596. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

Roadcut on northwest side of canyon, SE}~NW}~ sec. 

12. T. 28 S., R. 28 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 cd.). 

Brown-weathering cross bedded coarse to very coarse 

gravelly sand 4-6 ft thick, overlain by grayish-tanweathering siltstone of the Round Mountain Silt. 

Top of the Olccsc Sand. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1954. 

Head of second north-south gully cast of B1607, 

SJ~}~SE}~ sec. 2, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 15-20 ft stratigraphically above Olcesc 

Sand contact. Same stratigraphic position and 

lithology as B1607. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

Center of SW}~ sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 cd.). Gray calcareous siltstone 

ledge nbout 30 ft stratigraphically below base of 

Snntn Margnritn Formation. Upper part of the 

:Round Mountnin Silt. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

Just below hend of northeast-trending canyon, center 

of SW}~ sec. 12, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 cd.). T1trritella ocoyana bed in orangishtan-wcathcring gypsifcrous concretionary sandy 

siltstone 1}~ ft thick. Upper part of the Round 

Mountain Silt above the dintomaccous part of the 

formation. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

California University Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP)-Continucd 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

B1637 ___ East bank of cast fork of northwest-trending gully 4ft 

above floor, center of SW}~ sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 cd.). Fossiliferous lenses 

at top and bottom of 1}~-ft platy very fine grained 

sandstone. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1638 ___ Center of SW}~ sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 cd.). Very abundant small 

'mollusks in 6-in. thick orangish-brown-weathering 

sand. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 20 

ft stratigraphically above B1637. Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1639 ___ SW}~SE% sec. 26, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 cd.). Neverita bed in tan-weathering 

fine to very fine grained calcareous sandstone 2}~ ft 

thick . .Round lVIountain Silt, 31 ft stratigraphically 

below B1613. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1640 ___ About 50ft above canyon floor on west side of canyon 

south of bend in deep north-south-trending canyon 

at point on map where 600-ft contour crosses 

canyon floor, ncar W}~ cor. of NE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., 

R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Gray 

medium to very coarse poorly sorted sand 3-4 ft 

thick. Upper part of the Olccsc Sand, 60 ft stratigraphically below Round Mountain Silt contact. 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B164L __ Near W% cor. of NE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Gray calcareous 

concretionary sandstone 1% ft thick. Upper part of 

the Olcese Sand, 27 ft stratigraphically below 

Round Mountain Si~t contact and 38 ft above loc. 

B1640. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1642 ___ Ncar W% cor. of NE}~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Gray calcareous 

sandy siltstone 6-12 in. thick. Upper part of the 

Olcese Sand, 27 ft stratigraphically above B1641. 

Same stratigraphic position as B1622 and B1623 

Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

B1643 ___ At "Y" in north-south-trending gully cast of gypsum 

mine in NE}~NE}~ sec. 24, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., 

Bakersfield quadrangle (1906 ed.). Ostrea bed in 

brown-weathering crossbeddcd pebbly fine to 

medium sand 2 ft thick. Upper part of the Olcese 

Sand, 71 ft stratigraphically below Round Mountain Silt contact. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 

1954. 

B1645 ___ Roadcut at first gully southwest of Shell Oil Co· 

"Bell" 1, NE%SE}~ sec. 1.2, T. 28 S., R. 28 E., 

Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Tan-weathering 

gyP.siferous sandy siltstone 4 in. thick. Lower part 

of the Round Mountain Silt. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1954. 

B1646 ___ In bottom of southwest-trending tributary of Borel 

Canyon midway between first and second gullies 

southeast of powerline maintenance road on southwest side of canyon. Calcareous concretions at 

base of light-gray massive silty very fine grained 

sandstone. Lower part of the Olcese Sand. Collcc-

. ted by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 
154 MIOCENE. GASTROPODS' AND'. BIOSTRATIGRAPHY;·· KERN RIVER AREA, ·cALIFORNIA·· 

California University Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) localities 

(UCMP)-Continued 

Locality 

B1660 __ _ 

B1662 __ _ 

B1664 __ _ 

B1665 __ _ 

B1666 __ _ 

B1667 __ _ 

B1668 __ _ 

B1674 __ _ 

B1676 __ _ 

B1677 __ _ 

B1678 __ _ 

Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

South side of west flank of Pyramid Hill at 1,900-ft 

topographic contour above "6" in 2161 on Caliente 

quadrangle, NE}~SW% sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. 

Molluscan bed in gritty silty very fine grained 

sandstone 6-12 ft thick. About 40 ft stratigraphically above base of Jewett Sand. Collected by W. 

0. Addicott, 1954. 

Top of knoll above bend in little-used dirt road a 

quarter of a mile southwest of intersection with 

Rancheria Road, NE7~NE7~ sec. 23, T. 28 S., R. 

29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Poorly 

sorted, calcareous sandstone. Basal part of the 

Jewett Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 19fi4. 

North side of first major east-west canyon east of 

section line fence, SW}~NW}~ sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 

29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Calcareous, 

clayey coarse-grained sandstone. Base of the Jewett 

Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

In SW}~NW% sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 ed.). Lithology similar to B1664 

but sandstone is finer grained and platy; 7 ft 

stratigraphically above locality B1664. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

In SW}~NW% sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 ed.). Orangish-tan-weathering 

calcareous concretionary very fine sand 3}~ ft thick. 

Lower part of the Jewett Sand, 200 ft stratigraphically above base of the formation.· Collected by 

W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

Southeast slope of Pyramid Hill on west side of road 

near intersection of road with 1,900-ft topographic 

contour, near center of W}~ of SE~~ sec. 14, T. 28 

S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle (1914 ed.). Poorly 

exposed concretionary calcareous very fine grained 

sandstone. A few feet above the base of the Jewett 

Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

In SW}~NW~~ sec. 14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 ed.). Lenticular calcareous 

locally clayey granuliferous sandstone. Base of the 

Jewett Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

Float from basal part of the Jewett Sand, about .500 

ft south of 1,550-ft hill in NE~~NW}~ sec. 4, T. 28. 

S., R. 29 E., Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

Cut in northeast shoulder of hill along road leading to 

we1llocation, SE%NW~~ sec. 9, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Woody quadrangle (1952 ed.). Bluish-gray concretionary very fine grained sandstone. Lower part of 

the Olcese Sand. Collected by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

South side of hill just east of old well location, SE7~ 

NW% sec. 9, T. 28. S., R. 29 E., Woody quadrangle 

(1952 ed.). Lower part of the Olcese Sand, same 

stratigraphic position as B1676. Collected by W. 0. 

Addicott, 1954. 

Near head of southwest-trending gully, SE%SE7~ 

sec. 11, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Caliente quadrangle 

(1914 ed.). One-foot ledge of calcareous abundantly 

fossiliferous very fine grained sandstone. Upper 

part of the Round Mountain Silt, 52 ft stratigraphically below base of Bena Formation of 

Dibblee, Bruer, Hackel, and Warne (1965). Collected.by W. 0. Addicott, .1954. 

California University Museum of Paleontology (Berkeley) localit·ies 

(UCJ1.1P)-Continued 

Locality Description of locality, collector, and date collected 

B1753 ___ In NW7~NW7~ sec. 33, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Caliente 

quadrangle (1914 cd.). Gray calcareous, clayey 

siltstone. Upper part of the Olcese Sand 14 ft 

stratigraphically above locality B1600. Collected 

by W. 0. Addicott, 1954. 

Los Angeles County Museum, invertebrate paleontology locality 

(LACMIP) 

Locality 

456 ____ _ 

462 ____ _ 

463 ____ _ 

Locality 

64_-----

65 _____ _ 

68 _____ _ 

69 _____ _ 

2064_---

2147 ___ _ 

28790 __ _ 

28909_--

37468 __ _ 

Description of locality 

Myra Keen locality. 600 ft N., 700 ft E. of SW. cor. 

sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. Round Mountain Silt. 

Pyramid Hill-2. 200 ft N., 500 ft E. of SW. cor. sec. 

14, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. 

Pyramid Hill Formation [basal part of Jewett Sand, 

lower Miocene]. 

Barker's Ranch. 750ft S., 70ft E. of NW. cor. sec. 33, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E., Rio Bravo Ranch quadrangle. 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand. Collected by J. A. 

Sutherland, 1966. 

California Academy of Sciences localities (CAS) 

Description of locality 

Kern County, Calif. In the bed of a small gulch about 

17~ miles north [east added in pencil] of Barker's 

ranchhouse. Kern River. [Near the top of the Olcese 

Sand, middle Miocene; a notation by Anderson 

that localities 63-65 are from the same zone appears 

in the register]. 

Kern County, Calif. This locality occupies an area 

nearly half a mile square in hills just north of the 

Kern River and northeast of Barker's ranchhouse. 

The materials represent one horizon and have been 

included into one locality for that reason [upper 

part of Olcese Sand, middle Miocene]. 

Kern County, Calif. In the banks of the first big 

canyon or creek west of the power plant on the 

north side of Kern River about 3 or 4 miles northcast of the Rio Bravo ranchhouse. This is nearly 

4 miles due south of Pyramid Hills. Lower :Miocene. 

Kern County, Calif. On the south and west slopes of 

Pyramid Hills which is 4 or 5 miles due north of the 

power plant in Kern River and about 1.5 miles 

northeast of Bakersfield. 

Same as CAS locality 65. 

Scaphander jugularis Conrad. Lower Miocene, Kern 

River. Collected by F. M. Anderson. 

C.C.M.O. [C.W.O.D.] Co. "Alford" 1, sec. 35, T. 

27 S., R. 27 E., Kern County, Calif. Depth, 

1795-1800 ft. Santa Margarita Formation. Collected by 0. F. Kotick. 

Superior Oil Co. Crome Community 1. Sec. 36, T. 29 

S., R. 28 E., Kern County, Calif. Foraminifera 

slides from strata 3,900-5,008 ft. Collected by 

0. F. Kotick, June, 1937. 

Fossil mollusks from Pyramid Hill, south side of west 

flank about 1 mile west of crest, Kern County, 

Calif. Temblor, Miocene. Found with abundant 

Miocene. Near center SE7~ sec. 15, T. 28 S., R. 

29 E., south side of spur at head of gully; outcrop 

of sandstone can be seen from Pyramid Road. 

Collected by. R. C. Bishop. 
REFERENCES 155' 

Stanford University localities (SU) California University, Riverside localities (UCR) 

Locality DescriJJtion of locality 

212L ____ California., I<ern County, Caliente quadrangle. Near 

center of SW% sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E., in small 

gully close to terrace con tact. Stratigraphic horizon: 

lowermost part of Round Mountain Silt. Collected · 

by D. C. Birch,. 1938; R. T. White, 1939; L. T. 

Martin and E: A. Watson, 1940; A. M. Keen, 1939. 

264:L ____ CaJifornia, Kern County, Bakersfield or Caliente 

qua.dmngles. In sec. 5, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 1,000 ft S., 

600ft W. of NK cor. sec. 5, on the side of a gully, 

[tpproximately 250 ft north of where a small gully 

flows onto the alluvium of Kern River. Stratigraphic 

horizon: basal Round Mountain Silt or uppermost 

Olcesc Sand. Collected by R. T. White. 

Stanford University general specimen mtmbers (SU) 

Locality 

26854 ___ _ 

2950L __ _ 

DescriJJtion of locality 

California., Kern County, Woody quadrangle. 2,000 ft 

N., 1,700 ft R of SW. cor. sec. 9, T. 28 S., R. 29 E. 

"Upper part of the Freeman Silt" (Galliher's 

At1t1·ia locality) [lower part of the Olcesc Sand]. 

Field locality BH.10l. Collected by R. T. White. 

CnJifornia, I<em County, Caliente quadra,ngle. In 

bottom of small southward-flowing gully, 3,000 ft 

S., 1,600 ft W. of NE. cor. sec. 32, T. 32 S., R. 29 E. 

Top of the Olcese Sand. Field locality BR26. 

Collected by R. T. White. 

Cal1:jornia University, Los Angeles localities (UCLA) 

l~ocallty 

3456 ___ ----

AC-2-34 __ _ 

AC-8-34 __ _ 

AC-13-34 __ 

AC-14-34 __ 

MB-1400 __ 

WR-163 __ _ 

nescriJJtion oj locality 

On west side of south-trending ridge stratigraphically above UCLA 2669, 1,700 ft N., 1,600 ft W. 

of SK cor. sec. 32, T. 28 S., H.. 29 E., Rio Bravo 

Rat1ch quadrangle. Upper part of Olcese Sand. 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, Kern 

River [presumably from same stratigraphic 

interval and geographic area as. USGS localities 

M1608, M1612, and M1613, which are on the south 

side of Kern !liver in sec. 1, T. 29S., H..29 E., and 

sec. 6, T. 29 S., R. 30 E.,· Rio Bravo Ranch 

quadrangle]. Collected by Alex Clark, 1934. 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, Kern River. Collected by Alex Clark, 1934. 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, Kern 

River [presumably from same stratigraphic 

interval and geographic area as USGS localities 

M1608, M1612, and M1613]. Collected by Alex 

Clark, 1934. 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, Kern 

:River. Collected by Alex Clark, 1934. 

"Top of Py[ramid Hill] Sand, Poso Creek." Matrix 

and other specimens from this locality suggest 

the material is from the lower part of the Olcese 

Sand exposed on the south side of Poso Creek, 

ncar the center of sec. 9, T. 28 S., R. 29 E., 

Woody quadrangle. Collected by Max Birkha.user, 1928 or 1929. 

"One and a half miles northwest of Pyramid Hill, 

'Vaqueros'." Probably same as UCH. locality 

1154, 2,045 ft N., 2,195 ft E. of NW. cor. 'sec. 15, 

T. 28 S., R. 29 E. (field No. WR-163-K9), which 

contains index species of the "Vaqueros Stage." 

Collected by W. W. Rand. 

Locality Description of locality 

1199 ______ Mobil Oil Co. [General Petroleum Corp.] "Seale" 

5-10, sec. 5, T. 30 S., R. 29 E., depth 3,891 ft. 

Olcese Sand. Field No. PR-489. Collected by 

Philip W. Reinhart. 

130L _____ Shell Oil Co. "Edison" 2-1, sec. 33, T. 29 S., R. 

29 E., depth 5,138 ft. Upper part of the Vedder 

Sand. 

1305 ______ Shell Oil Co. "Edison" 2-1, depth 4,657 ft. FreemanJewett Silt of Matthews (1955). 

1306 ______ Shell Oil Company "Edison" 2-1, sec. 33, T. 29 S., 

R. 29 E., depth 4,385 ft. Freeman-Jewett Silt of 

Matthews (1955). 

PR604 ____ L. and B. Producing Co. "Jewett" 1, sec. 19, T. 

28 S., R. 29 E. Vedder Sand. Collected by P. W. 

lleinhart. • 

PR605 ____ L. and B. Producing Co. "Jewett" 1, sec. 19, T. 28 

S., ll. 29 E. Vedder Sand. Collected by P. W. 

Reinhart. 

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Adams, Arthur, and Adams, Henry, 1852-1858, The genera 

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Addicott, "'· 0., 1956, Miocene stratigraphy northeast of Bal{-

ersfield, California: California Univ. (Berkeley), Ph.D. 

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1965: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper !325-C, p. C101-C109, 

4 figs. 

--- 1965b, Some western American Cenozoic gastropods of 

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24 p., 3 pls. 

--- 1966, New Tertiary mollusks from Oregon and. 'Vashington: .Jour. Paleontology, v. 40, no. 3, p. 635-646, pls. 

76-78. 

--- 1967n, ~oogeograilhic evidence for lateral displacement 

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Prof. Paper 593-D, p. D1-D12. 

--- 1967b, Age of the Skooner Gulch ]formation, Mendocino 

County, California: U.S. Geol. Survey Bull. 1254-C, 11 p. 

4 figs. 

--- 1968, Neogene molluscan zoogeography and cli1~1atic 

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Addicott, '"· 0., and Vedder, .T. G., 1963, Paleotemperature inferences from late l\Iiocene mollusks in the San Luis 

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geology and hydrology: U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 

475-C, p. C63-C68. 

Adegoke, 0. S., 1967, Nmv and olclest records of pelecypod 

Myn from western North America, south of Alaska: Nautilus, v .. SO, no. 3, p. 91-95, figs. 1-3. 

Albright, l\I. B., Jr., 1956, Sharktooth and Alma areas of 

Round Mountain oil field [California] : California Oil 

Fields, v. 42, no. 1, p. 60-66. 
156 MIOCENE GASTROPODS AND BIOSTRATIGRAPHY, KERN RIVER AREA, CALIFORNIA 

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American Association of Petroleum Geologists Cenozoic Correlation Committee, 1902, Generalized sketch section across 

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American Association of Petroleum Geologists Guidebook, 1965, 

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INDEX 

[Italic page numbers indicate both major references and descriptions] 

A Page 

abestts, Typhis alattts •••• ---------------------- 83 

Acila •••••. ---- .. -------------------- ___ ------ 13,24 

conrad!. •• -----.----- .. ---- __ ------ ____ . __ 29,34 

BP---------------------------------------- 17 

Acteoclnldno ••••••...•........ __ ...... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 139 

Acteon ••••..••.••••••••••.••.•..• __ ••.••.. _. _ _ 197 

bottllierana •••.•••••.••••... ____ • __ •••.• __ • 137 

bottlderantts _________________ 26,34,36, 197;pl.19 

1ntnctocaelattts ••••...•••.••• _ •..•• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 

traski magctalensis •. ••••....•. ____ ..•..•.•• 137 

weaver I ........................ ___ ... _ ... _ 137 

(JUcta:cis) weaver!. ••.•.••.....•••. 27, 197; pl. 20 

Actoonldno. ----------------- __ ___ _ __ __ __ _____ 137 

acttleata, Crepidttla _________ __ ---- _____________ 25,65 

aclelaidcma, 'l'ercbra •••••......••.• _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ 126 

'l'crebra ( Fttsoterebra)............. 26, 1 f6; pl. 17 

ctdriatica canfieldl, Glbbttla_____________________ 42 

adttnca, Crepidttlc: •••• ••••. __________________ . 65 

Aeqtti1>ectcn cltsctts ••••.....••...••••.•....••.. 32, 35 

raymond I. .. ----- ..... --- __ .... ___________ 32,35 

aethto1>s, Bttccinttm •••. ________________ ---·--- 94 

Macron •• ---------------- 26, 29, 34, 94, 95; pl. 11 

kellettii, Macron •••. ______ ---------- __ ----- 94 

Agasoma ••••••••.•.••••••••••.••• .•.••. ------. 2, 75 

undersoni. ------- •. ---- __ -------------- ___ 90 

/Jarkerianum ••..•.•.••.•. ____ •. __ • ___ .• __ 2, 3, 88 

clarki. ••••. ------------ _________ .•. ___ 88 

santacmzanwn ••.•.••.• __ •••...•• __ .•• 88 

gravida •.•••.••••••.•• __ .• __ • ____ . __ .. _._._ 2 

gravlclttm ••••.....•.•.•.•.••.••.•.•••. _ ••. _ 88,90 

kernianttm ••••. .. ---- ·--------- ___________ 74,75 

oregonense ••.••.••.•....• ___________ • _. _. _ 90 

santacrttzana ••••.••.. __ •... __ •. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 

sinttatmn •• ---- .. -·-··--- __ . ________ . ___ • 3, 4, 27 

stanfordensis ••••• ____ •.•. ____________ .• _ _ _ 74 

yaqttinanmn •• ----·---·-- ------ __ __ _ ___ ___ 90 

( 'J'ro1>hosycon) kernianum ••••• _ •.•....••. _ 2, 73 

Agathotoma. ------- •••.•. ----------------- _ ___ 136 

(Agathotoma) howet, Mangelia ••••.•... 26, 196;pl.19 

Akertctac .•••.•••••••••.•.. ______ ..•••• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 

alcLttts abe.ms, 'l'tn>his.......................... 83 

alba, Cyltchna .••••••. ------ ____ ------ __ __ _____ 140 

alb Ida, Plcnrotoma •••..•...•. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 127 

albttltts, 'l'nrbo •••• _ •.•••.•• __________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 

ulbtts, Polin ices •••••. .•....•.•.•• _________ . _ _ _ 67 

alicnensls, 'l'richotropis ••••••. ____ .. ______ ----- 59 

c<a, Diodora ••••. .•....•. _____ . __________ .. _ __ 41 

111itrclla •••••••• •••• ----•. ________ • _______ • 87 

(Colttmbcllopsis) •••...•..••.•••• 26, 87; pl. 9 

Never ita.---••••••.••••• _____ • ____ • 34, 68, 69, 70 

reclttziana ••• •• ____________ •• __ •• __ ••• 69 

Polin ices (Neverita) reclttziana • ••• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 69 

(Glossaulax), Nevcrita •••••••••...••• 25, 69; pl. 5 

altacoronct, Tttrritella inezana _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 49 

Amiantis stalderi.............................. 35 

amortajactensts, 'l'urbonilla ..•..•..• __________ •• 145 

Amphissa posttnculensis •• -------------------- 96.97 

ampulla, Bulltts.............................. 138 

Anachts ••••• ____ • ----- __ •••• ______ • _________ • 86 

watsonae •••••••••••••• ____ .••• __ •• ______ • 86 

(Costoanachis) watsonae ••••.•••••••. 25, 86; pl. 9 

Anadara ••••••••• ------ ______ . __ • ____ ____ ___ __ 84 

osmonti. •••••••••••••••••••• _. _ ••• _ •••••• _ 20, 31 

anchuela, Milrella ________________ 25, 30, 31, g7; pl. 9 

Page 

andersoni, Agasoma.-------------------------. 90 

Cancellaria ____________ 85, 111,112,114, 115, 116 

Mitra._-------------------------------- 103, 104 

(Atrimitra). -------·---------- 26, 109; pl. 13 

1\atica (Neverita) recluziana_______________ 67 

reclttziana . ...••.••• _ .•.....••. _ ....•• Neverita ______________ 28, 29, 31, 32, 67, 68, 69,70 

(Glossaulax).-------------------- 25, 67; pl. 5 

Odostomia. . • • . . • • • • • . • • . . . . . . . . • • . • . . . . . . 144 

(Evalea).--------------------- 27, 144; pl. 21 

Polinices recluzianus. -- __ . ___ -----.. -----. 67,68 

anglonana, Bullia (MolCJpophorus)_____________ 95 

Molopophorus.------------------------ 88, 95,96 

anglonanus, Molopophorus____________________ 3, 

26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 95; pl. 11 

. angulata, Calicantharus fortis__________________ 93 

angusta, Pleurotoma. ________ ------ ____ -----.. 136 

angustifrons, Katherinella_____________________ 29 

(Antillophos) dumblei chehalisensis, Tritiaria... 96 

antiselli, Clathrodrillia __ ---------------------- 128 

Clathrodrillia (Moniliopsis)---------------- 128 

Drillia ••. ____ --. _________ . _ --------------- 128 

Nassarius. ------------------------------- 27,99 

( Uzita) •• __ -------- _____ . __ •• --------- 35 

Niso •• ---------------------- 25, 34, 58, 59; pl. 20 

Antillophos •• ----------------------------- 27, 96, 97 candei •• _________________________ --------. 97 

chehalisensis. ---- __ .• ____ . ------· --------- 98 

dumbleana chehahlisensis. ____ .••....•..... 96 

posunculensis ••. 26, 28, 30,31,32,36,96, 116; pl. 11 

veraguensis ..• -------.• __ ----------------- 97 

woodringi. --------------------- 26, 28, 98; pl. 11 

(Antillophos) dumbleana, Phos________________ 96 

dumblei chehalisensis, Tritiaria •.• ---------- 96 

(Antiplanes) piercei, Turricula________________ 130 

antiselli, Thesbia ...•.... ___ .. __ •..... --.... --- 128 

Xenuroturris .•..... ________ . 26, 28, 36, 1f8; pl. 19 

apertura, Patella _____________ ........ -------.. 40 

Aphera .• ------------.... ........ ... ..... ..... 116 

Archaeogastropoda ................ __ ...... --... 40 

arctata, Macoma ... -----------------··········· 29 

Arcularia .......... __ ........................ 99, 100 

Argobuccinum •.•.. __ .... ··-------------- ----- 72 

dilleri. •.. _. __ . _____ .... ___ . __ ....•..... .. . 72 

mathewson£. ••..... _ ... _____ .............. 73 

vancouverense •. _ ..... __ ...•............... 73 

arnoldi, Bittium ... ---------------------------- 52 

Cerithium ..... _ .... __ .. _ ........... --..... 52 

Nassa •••• -------------------------------- 98 

Nassarius .............. 3, 29,34,36, 98, 99,100,128 

(Catilon) _. _. ___ .••. ___ • _ •.. 26, 98; pl. 12 

(1-Iima)............................... 98 

(Uzita)............................... 98 

Tegula dalli ............................... 41,46 

(Omphalius) dalli ................... 41; pl. 1 

Uzitta .................. _................. 99 

articulatus, Phos.............................. 98 

ashleyi, Crassostrea' .• __ ...... __ ................ 24 

asperilla, Cancellaria ••.....•. __ .........•.• --- 116 

Astr:~~~~~l~t;_-~ ~ :: ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~~~ ~ ~ ~~ ~~ ~ ~ ~ ~~ ~ ~~- 34, :;: :: 

morani. .••.•. __ .... __ .... _ ..... ____ .. __ ___ 44 

obliquistriata ..... ______ .... __ .. . . . . . . .. . . . 44 

raymondi. ••••.. ___ . ___ . __________ ..• __ ... 44 

Page 

Astraea-Contlnucd 

undosa raymondi.......................... 44 

(Pachypoma).biangulata .......... --....... 44 

(Pomaulax).------------------------ 25, 49; pl. 2 

biangulata. --·---------------------- 44; pl. 2 

Astralium raymond I.. ........ _ .. _............. 44 

Astyris pedroana .... __ ........ __ ............•• 121 

Atrimitra. _____________________ ------------. 103,104 

andersoni, Mitra __________________ 26, 109; pl. 13 

attenuatns, Mure1: ..•... ---.---- .. ------------. 135 

attonsa, Cyclichna __________ .. ______ .... ------. 140 

aureotincta, Tegula .... ------------------------ 41 

auricula, Patella. _________ .---- ____ -- .... ----- · 62 

australis, Scalaria .. ____ ...... _. __ ............. 56 

Austrotrophon .• __ . ____________ -------- ... ---. 81,82 

(Austrophon) kernensis, Trophon .••... 25, 81; pl. 8 

medialis, 'l'rophon .......•.••. 25.89;p!. 8 

ayamana, Turbonilla.......................... 146 

B 

baileyi, Gibbula (Tumulus) __ . ____ .. __ . _____ ... 25 

balboae, Cancellaria ••• ___ .••.. __ .••• ___ .••. --- 114 

Balcis •• _ ------------------------------------- 57, 58 

baldra •••.•.••.. ---.--.---•• ---.---•. -.--- b8 

catalinensis .•. ---.--..•• ---------.---.--.- 58 

compacta ...•... --.-----.---.-------•. ----- b8 

conchita ••.. ----------------------- 25, 57; pl. 20 

lutzi. --------------------------- 25, 58; pl. 21 

montagui. ••. ----------------------------- 57 

oldroydL. ___ •. ----------.-----... 25, 58; pl. 21 

petrolia ...• ----------------------- 25,58; pl. 20 

rttlila. _ .....•.• --.---••••.. --.----•• ------ 58 

baldra, Balcis •.. --------.-----.----.---------- 58 

barkeri, Cancellaria .•.. ----------------------- 116 

Fossarus •.. ___ -----.. --- ------------------ 117 

(Barkeria) ---------•.• ---------------.---.---- 118 

sanjosei, Cancellaria ....••.•....•.• 26, 118; pl. 16 

barkeriana, Bruclarkia •.•.••. ___ . ------... .• . . 3, 

26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 88, 90, 91; pl.9 

clarki, Bruclarkia .•. ---------------------- 89 

santacruzana, Bruclarkia. ___ ---.. __ ..• ---- 27, 

28, 29, 31, 88, 89, 90 

barkerianum, Agasoma. --------------------- 2, 3, 88 

clarki, Agasoma ... --.--.---.--------.•.. -- 88 

santacruzanum, Agasoma__________________ 88 

Bruclarkia .. ------...• ---•••••• ---.•.•• --- 88 

Epitonium ... ----------------------------- 55 

( Gyroscala) ____ ••••••• ------'--..•••. -- 25, 

55; pl. 3 

bartoni, 'l'rophon •..• --.--••.. -----.---•. ----- 82 

basteroti, Terebra ••. ---.••• -----.--..•• --••. --- 126 

Bathytoma carpenteriana .. -------------------- 130 · keepi. _____ . _____ . _______ . _______ • __ •. ---. 133 

piercei. •. __ . ___ • ___ • -------..• __ ---.---•• - 130 

(Bathytoma) keepi, Pleurotoma________________ 133 

piercei, Pleurtoma_________________________ 130 

Batillaria __ ••. ____ . __ •. ------••• ---•.• --•• ---- 53 

cumingi. •.•••. -----. ___ • ------------------ 54 

ocoyana .• ___ .••••• ---•••••••• ----------.-- 25, 

29, 30, 31, 34, 59; pl. 3 

beali, Nerita •• -------------·------------------ 45 

beebei, Stromboli.. •. _--------------------•••• -- 40 

belcheri, Murex ••.••.•• -----·------------------ 77 

165 
166 

Page 

Besla_ --- ____________ ----- __ _ _ _ _ ___ ____ _ ___ _ _ _ 143 

(Besla) rotundomontana, Odostomia____________ 27, 

143; pl. 21 

biangulata, Astraea____________________________ 34, 

43,44 

Astraea (Pachypoma)_____________________ 44 

Pachypoma _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 44 

(Pomaulax) ________________________ 44; pl. 2 

bicarinata, Calliostoma ___ ------------ _ -------- 44 Trichotropis____ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 59 

Turbo ____ ------------------------------__ 59 

bicarinatum, Calliostoma. __ -------------- _____ 44 

biplicata, Cuma------------------------~------ 3 

birchi, Cancellaria ___________________________ 114,119 

Cancellaria (Narona) ________________ 118; pl. 16 

Bittium ___________________ ___ ----------------- 5£ 

arnoldi_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 

topangensis.:-------------------- 25, 5£, 53; pl. 3 trampasensis__ _ __ _ ___ __ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 52 

turnerL _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 52 

blakei, Nassa ________________________________ 100,101 

Nassarius ____ __________ -- __ -- _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 

Thais .. -- __ ------------------------------- 85 ( Thaisella) _____________________ 25, 85; pl. 9 

bosei, Turritella _________ ---------------------- 3, 50 

Turritella ocoyana ______________________ 31, 50,51 

bottae, Pleurotoma_____________________________ 134 

boulderana, Acteon.--------------------------- 137 

l1oulderanus, Acteon _____________ 26, 34, 36, 137; pl. 19 

bractea, Crepidula ___________________ 25,6£,63; pl. 4 

branneri, Searlesia. _ -------------------------- 93 

bravoensis, Turbonilla_________________________ 146 

Turbonilla (Pyriscus) ___________ 27, 146; pl. 21 

broderipiana, Turritella __ ------------------ 35, 46,47 

Bruclarkia. ______________ -- __ --- __ ----- _ 35, 75, 88, 91 

barkeriana. 3, 26, 28, 29, 30, 31, 34, 88, 90, 91,· pis. 9,10 

clarki. ____ -----_______________________ 89 

santacruzana. _ -------- 27, 28, 29, 31, 88, 89,90 

barkerianum __ ---------------------------- 88 

geniculata _____ -_ ------- _- ---------- _ ----- 88 

gravida __________________ ------ __ ------_-··- 91 

oregonensis ____________ 26, 29, 36, 89,90, 91; pl. 10 

santacruzana. _ --------------------------- 89, 91 

yaquinana _ ------------ 26, 28, 36, 89, 90, 91; pl. 10 sp. _____________________ ----- _____________ 28, 90 

brunnea jluctuosa, Tegula_____________________ 42 

brunneopictum, Scalina. ---------------------- 57 

Buccinidae. ---------------------------------- 94 Buccinum aethiops____________________________ 94 

arcularia __________________ --- ___ __ _ ___ _ __ 98 

distortum ____________ -- ____ -- ____ -- _ _ _ _ __ _ 95 

gibbulosum ____ --------------------------- 100 lugubre __________ --- __ --- _ -- _______ -- _ _ _ __ 85 

mutabile __________________________ -" _ _ __ _ _ 98 

strigilatum __ _______ -- ______ --- ___ -- _ _ _ _ __ _ 127 

subulatum. _______ ----- __________ -- _ _ _ _ __ _ 124 

Bulla _________________________________ -------- 1fJ8 

cantuaensis _________________ 27, 138, 139; pl. 20 

cylindracea ______________ ----- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 139 

ficus. __________________ --_---_____________ 73 

go1tldiana •. ______ -- ____ -------- _ -- _____ -- _ 138 hydratis__ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 138 

jugularis .. _____________ -- _ __ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ __ _ 139 

ligna ria .. _____________ -----_______________ 139 

punctulata ___ ___ .. __ .. _______ . _______ . _. _ _ 138 

scabra ________ . _. __ ... _ .. __________ . _. _ _ _ _ 137 

sulcata ____ ____ . ___ .. __ . _ .. __ . ___ .. _ .. __ _ _ _ 140 

virescens. ___ . _________ . _________ . ____ . ___ . 138 

Bullia (Molopophorus) anglonana _______ ... _. _ 95 

(Molopophorus) striata. _____ .. __ ..... __ .__ 95 

Bullidao___ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 138 

Bullina _______ -------- ___________________ 35,137,138 

petrosa __________ . __ . _____ . ________ . _____ ._ 140 

SP--------------------------------- 27,137; pl. 7 Bullns ampulla _______ . ____________ . __ .. __ .___ 138 

Bnrsa mathewsonii _____ _____________ . __ .. ____ . 73 

trampasensis___ ____ __ ____ __ __ ____ _ _ __ __ ___ 73 

vancouverensis ______________________ .. __ . _ 73 

INDEX 

Page 

buwaldana, Clathrodrillia ____________________ 130,131 

Drillia_______ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ _____ 130 

Turricula ________ _________________ 26, 34, 130, 131 

c 

(Cacodaphnella) kernensis, Mangelia___________ 135 

Calicantharus ___ __ . _______ . ____________ 9£, 93, 94, 132 

carlsonL. _____ .. __________ . ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 

fortis _____ -------- _______________________ ._ 93 

angulata. __ ____ ____ _ __ _ __ ________ _ __ _ _ 93 

humerosus __ . ____ __ __ _ ___ ____ ______ ____ _ _ _ 94 

kernensis ___ . _. ____ . ____ 26, 30, 34, 9£, 93; pis. 7, 10 

kettlemanensis _. _ .. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 26, 34, 94; pl. 11 

posoensis _______ .. ___ . _ .. _______ . __ . ___ .. _ 94 

rancherianus ____________________ 26, 28,93; pl. 11 

woodfordL. ___ . ________ 26, 29, 31, 93, 94; pis. 10, 11 

californica, Eulimella _____ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ 144 

.Melongena_ ------ __ __ ____ ____ __ __ __ ______ _ 27 

Odostomia (Evalea)________________________ 144 

Oliva _________________ 28, 29,31,32, 74, 75,120,121 

(Oliva) ________________________ 26, 1£0; pl.16 

californicum, Sinum___________________________ 71 

californicus, Conus____________________________ 123 

Calliostoma __ _______ . ___ . ______________ . ______ 4£,43 

bicarinata .. ___ .. _________________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 

bicarinatum .. __ __ ____ __ __ ______ ______ _____ 44 

cammani.___ ___ ____ ____ __ __ __ ____ ____ _ __ _ _ 43 

carsoni._ _________________________ 25,4£,43; pl. 1 

coalingense ____ ______ . ____ . __ . __________ . _ _ 42 

diabloensis _____ . _ .... _. _________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

lawsoni____ _____ _ ____ _ _ ____ _ _ __ ____ _ _ _ ____ 43 

obliquistriata .. _______________________ .. ___ 44 

splendens. ________________________________ 27,42 

diabloensis. ____ .. ____________________ . 42,43 

sp. A .... -_------ ____ . ____________ 25, 28, 43; pl. 1 

sp. B. ____ . __________ . ___________ 25, 28, 48; pl. 1 

callosa, Neverita ____ _____ . __ .... ____ . _ 27, 32, 67, 68, 69 

Calyptraea___ __ __ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 60 

coreyL ________________________ 25, 28, 60, 61; pl. 4 

costata. _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ ____ __ _ 62 

costellata___ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _____ _ __ _ _ _ 62 

fastigiata____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ _ _ __ _ 61 

filosa ____ ___ ~ ________________________ 25, 60; pl. 4 

inornata ____ . _. ___________________________ 60,61 

mamillaris ___ . _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 61 

spirata_____ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ _ 28 

( Trochita) spirata _________________________ 25,61 

sp ________________________________________ 31,60 

Caiyptraeidae__ _ __ ____ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ____ __ __ __ _ 60 

cammani, Calliostoma. ______________ . ________ . 43 

campanellae, Melania_________________________ 145 

campbelli, Trigonostoma _____________ ---------- 119 

canalis, Polinices _____ ____________________ .. __ _ 67 

Cancellaria. ___________ 2, 30,105, 106,109, 113, 114, 115 

andersonL _______________ 85, 111, 112, 114, 115, 116 

as perilla__________________________________ 116 

balboae_____ _ _ __ ___ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ 114 

barkeri____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ ___ __ ___ _ ____ _ 116 

birchL _ .. ----- _- ___ . _ -- __ ---- ---c-- __ -- _ 114,119 candeL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 96 

cassidiformis. __________________ . ________ 196,113 

circumspinosa ____________ 30,106,107,108,109,110 

clavatula___ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ 118 

condoni. _____ 30,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,119 

crawfordiana______________________________ 117 

dalli __________________________ 26,106,117; pl. 15 

dalliana______ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ ______ __ ___ ___ ____ _ 30, 

34, 106,107, 108, 109, 110,111, 112, 113, 

114, 115, 119 

condonL ____________________ .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 107 

galeL ----------------- 26, 28,106,119, 120; pl. 16 hemphillL _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ ____ __ __ __ ____ _ 108 

joaquinensis _______ ________ . 30, 34, 35,106, 112,113 

jayana. _____ . __ -----. ____ -------------- ___ 119 

keenae ________________________ 26,106, 119; pl. 16 

kernensis. _______________ ------ ______ 34, 117,118 

lickana. ___ . _________ . _____ 30, 34, 35,113,115, 116 

Cancellaria-Continued Page 

nevadan us._______________________________ 128 

nevadensis_- __ -----------. ______ 106, 109, 114, 115 

ocoyana _______________________ 29, 36,107,110,112 

oregonensis____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29, 

36,106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112; 114, 120 pabloensis ______ . ____ -- ___________________ 32,113 

pacifica ______ 34,106,107,112,113,114,115,116,119 

posunculensis ___ --------- _. ____ 30, 34, 96, 106, 116 qnadrata. __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 116 

ramonensis _____ __ -------- _______ 109, 110, 111, 112 

sanjoseensis ... _ -- ____ ---- _ ___ ____ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 118 

sanjoseL .. --------.------ ________ 31, 34, 106,118 siletzensis _ .. ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 

simplex ____________ 29,31,34, 106,107,112,113,114 

solida __ ----. ___ --.. _-- __________________ 115, 116 

tessellata ___ .. __ ..... ____ . _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 116 

tritonidea ___ . __ -- _____________________ ·_ _ _ _ 106 

nrumacoensis _. _. __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 118 

vestusta __ -_-- --- _- _ --. _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 107 

vetusta ___ ------- _-. _- -- __ -- _____ 106,.108, 112, 113 

weaverL. ___ . ---- _ ----- __ __ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ 117 

wynoocheensis ___ -- ____ . ________________ 110, ll?. 

(Barkena) sanjosei. _______________ 26, 118; pl. 16 

(Coptostoma) posunculensis _______ 26, 116; pl. 15 

(Crawfordina) kernensis ___________ 26, 117; pl. 15 

(Enclia) circumspinosa ____________ 26,1!0; pl-. 14 

condonL ___ ------------------ 26, 107; pl. 13 

dalliana .. __ -- ___ . _____________ 26, 108; pl. 13 

joaquinensis ___________________ 26, 113; pl. 14 

nevadensis ____________________ 26, 114; pl. 15 

ocoyana_. ___ --- _______________ 26, 110; pl. 14 

oregonensis ____________ 26,107, 109,111; pl. 14 

pacifica_------.---- ___________ 26, 114; pl. 15 

simplex_--------------------- 26,11£; pl. 14 (Narona) birchi__ __________________ 26,.118; pl. 16 

(Pyruclia) lickana _________________ 26,115; pl. 15 

sp ___ ------------------ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 31 

Cancellariidae.-- __ --._.______________________ 105 

cancellaroides, Forreria _________ 25, 77, 78, 79, 83; pl. 7 

candei, A,ntillophos ___ . _ ____ _ _ __ _ _ ____ _ _ ____ _ _ _ 97 

Cancellaria __ --_._________________________ 96 

canfieldi, Gibbula adriatica _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 42 

Glyphostoma. __ ____ __ __ _ _ __ __ ____ ____ _ _ __ _ 137 

cantana, Olivella. _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ___ _ _ 122 

cantuaensis, Bulla ________________ 27, J38, 139; pl. 20 

carena, Nerita______ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ______ _ 66 

carinata, Glyphostoma _____________ 26,196, 137; pl. 19 

Lacuna .. ---- _____ ._______________________ 45 

carisaensis, Forreria____ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ ____ _ _ __ _ 82 

mirandensis, Forreria~ _ ____ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ 82 

carlosensis, Strombina ____ ------------------ ___ 86,87 

carlsoni, Calicantharus __ _________ -------- _____ 93 

carpenteri, Lacuna. ____________________ 25, 45; pl. 3 

Sulcoretusa_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ____ __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ ___ _ _ 141 

carpenteriana, Bathytoma_____ ___ _____ __ _ _ __ __ _ 130 

Pleurotoma __ . ___ _ _ ____ __ _ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 132 

carrisaensis, Turritella _________________ ·__ _ _ __ _ 49 

carrisaensis padronesensis, Turritella __ -·------- 48 

carrizoensis, Thais____________________________ 84 

carsoni, Calliostoma ___ . __ . ___________ 25, 42, 43; pl. 1 

cassidiformis, Cancellaria __ ._________________ 106, 113 

catalinensis, Balcis ___ .__ _ __ ___ ________ _ ___ _ _ __ _ 58 

catilliformis, Pecten.---------------- __ --- ____ 30 

Catilon __ _________________ ------- _________ 98, 99, 100 

(Catilon) arnoldi, Nassarius. _ ------ ____ 26, 98; pl. 12 

smooti, Nassarius __________ __ ------------- 100 

Ceratostoma ____ _ ... __ ... __ ... _____ ....... _. _ _ _ 76 

delorae___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 

foliatum ___________________ ---------- _____ 76,77 

nuttallL _______________________ ----------. 77 

perponderosum .. ______ . _______ 25, 28, 76, 77; pl. 7 

Ccrithiidae ________ . ______________________ . __ _ 52 

Cerithiopsidae _________________________ . __ . _ _ _ 52 

Cerithiopsis ___ . ______ .. __ . __________ . _ . __ .. _ . . 5£ 

subgloriosa __ ______________ ....• ___ . _. _____ 25, 52 

turneri_ ____ _________________________ . _ _ _ _ _ 52 
Pngo 

Ccrlthimn.............. .••••••. .. .••••••.••.•• 2, 52 

arnolrli.................................... 52 

1ncrllalc •••••..••.• ~ •• •• . . . • . • • . . . . • . • . . . . . 102 

slm1Jlicltts ••••••••••••.•• •• . • . • • . . . . . . . . . • • 53 

tOJJanocnsls............ •• • . . . . . .. • . . . . • . • . 52 

zonalls.................................... 53 

(Ccrostoma) nttttalll, Mttre:c. •• •.•. .•. .. .. .• .. . 76 

cerro8ensls, 'l'rOJJhon •• ••.••...••••........•... 81,82 

chehall8en8ls, A ntlllopho8 •• • . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98 

AntlllOJ>h08 rlmnblca1w.. •.......•......•.• 96 

iVassn ••••.•••...•.•..•.••..•••••....•..•. 96, 97 

Prlscofnstts............................... 103 

'l'riUaria (AntillOJ>ho8) rlmnblci... .••.. .. . . 96 

Chclvcon?£8 •••••.•....••••...........•...... 122, 123 

{Chclycontts) owenlnntt8, Conns .... 26,1£2; pl.17 

chcmn/tzl, Nrttlca..... .. .•. . .. .. .... .. .• . . .. .. . 66 

Chcmnltzla..... •• • • • . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . 145 

communis................................. 142 

'l'nrlwnilln ••••..••••...•....•..... 27, 145; pl. 21 

(Chemnitzia.) hanna/, 'l'nrbonllln ....... 27, 145; pl. 21 

Clllcorens (Mnritha/8) wllke8nmts. .. .•..•.•. .• . 78 

chlnensls, Pntella............................. 60 

Chlnmy8 hertlelni.. ••.•••.•..••••.............. 28, 33 

Chrysnlllrln ••••••.••..••.•...•••..•.•....... H2, 143 

convc.rn. • • . • • • • . . . . • • • . • • . • . . . . • . • . . • • . . • . 143 

rotmtdomontnna.... .•. .•. .• . . ..•. .•.. .• .•. 143 

(ChryMlllda), Orlostomia •••......•...•. 27, 14S; pl. 21 

clmrchl, Nassnrltts............................ 99 

clnonlifera, Plenrotoma........................ 128 

Xennrotttrrls............. •. . . . • . • . . . . . . . . . 128 

Clrcnlo8calrt................ •• . . •• . • . • . . . . • . . • . 55 

clrcu:m81Jino8a, Cancellaria ••• 30, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 

Crmcellaria (11'·ttclla) •• •...•.•..•... 26, 110; pl. 14 

C/rsot.rema............................... •. . . . 5•1 

(Cirst.renw) clallmnense, EJ>It.onimn •..... 25, 54; pl. 3 

1>osoense, 1!:1>/tonlnm ••••..•...•...•..... 55; pl. 3 

sawndcr81, EJJitonlmn..................... 55 

clullumensc, EJ>Itonlwn .•••....••.•.. 24, 28, 33, 54, 55 

E1>itonlmn (Cirsotrema) •••....•.. ... 25,54: pl. 3 

clallamcn81s, Flctts............................ 75 

Plctts ( 'l'roJ>hosvcon)...................... 74 

norlibttlosu, 'l'ro7Jh08ycon ...•••.•..•.•.•• _.. 75 

clarki, Aga8oma barkerlanttm.. •.......• .. .. ... 88 

Bmclarkla barker lana..................... 89 

Natica............ ••.••.••.• •••......••••. 66 

Ocencbrn •••..•..••..••.•...••••..•. 25, 80; pl. 8 

Clathrodrlllla ••••••••. _ •... _ •. _ ••••••.. __ ..... 131 

antl8elll.. •• •••••.••••••...••••••. _ .. _..... .128 

btttortldana •••.••••••••..•.•••••.•.•••... 130,131 

kernensl8 •••••••...•...• _. _ •. __ •..• __ •.••• 135 

temblorens/8 ••••.••••••••..•••. _ ••..•.. __ .. 134 

(MonilioJJBI8) antl8elli..................... 128 

kernensis............................. 135 

Clathttrellrt rlmnblei, Pleurotoma............... 96 

clavatnlrt, Cnncellarin ••••••.••....... _ •.•..•. _. 118 

Clavatulrt labiata ••••••••••..•...•.... _ .•.... _. 130 

Clnvlnae..................................... 134 

Clementia sp •••....•....... _. __ .. __ .... ___ -.- _. 17 

coallnoensc, Cullio8tonw ••...•. __ ...•..••...• _. 42 

CochloleJJ/8 8chooneren8ls •.••••.•.•..•.•. _ •. _. _ 46 

coel, CreJJirlttlu .•••••.•.••. __ .•.•...... __ ....• _ 65 

coli, PriscofttSt£8 ••••••••.•.•.•...•••. _ ...... _ _ 102 

Colmnbella lanccolata ••••••.•.••• _. _ ....•••. _ _ 86 

ntinor ••••••••••••••••. _ •.. _ •.•..•.. ___ .•.. 87 

sculurina ••••.•.••••••...••••••.. _ .••• _ .•• _ 86 

htrrita ••••.••••.•••..•.•.•.•••• __ •...... _. 86 

Columbe111dae ••••.••.••••• __ •.•• _. _ ... ___ . __ . 86 

CollttmbelloJ>Si8 _ ••••.•••.•.••• _. ________ •. _. _. 87 

commttnis, Chemnitzia .••••.. ·••.•....•.•.•••.•. 142 

Ficus..................................... 73 

commutata, Scularia........................... 55 

com1>ncta, Balci8.............................. 58 

conchita, Bulcis •••••••••.••••..••.•.• 25, 57; pl. 20 

conclnna, Voluta •• •....•.••.•.. ·-------.. ..•.. 104 

condonana, Meoasttrwla •..•.• __ •.. _. _. __ •. ___ • 26, 

28, 29, 34, 36, 152, 134; pl. 19 

Pseudotoma ••••••••••.•.••••••••.. __ .• _ •. _ 132 

INDEX 

Page 

condoni, Cancellaria ...................... _____ 30• 

106, 107, 108, 109, no, n1, 112, n 9 

Cancellaria dalliana. _ .. ____ .... _ ....... _. _ 107 

(Euclia) •...•............... 26, 107; pl. 13 

Conldae ......... __ .. __ ..... _ .. ____ . _. _.. .. . . . 122 

conradi, Acila ..•.............................. 2!1, 34 

conradiana, Glyphostoma.. .................... 136 

contionata, Ficus kerniana. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 

Ficus oco van a. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 

(Trophosycon) ocoyana .....•.......... 74, 76 

conultts, Trochus.. .... .. .... ................. 43 

Comts •. ..•......................•....... 24, 122, 122 

californicus... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 

(Chelyconus) owenianu8 ...•........ 26, 122; pl. 17 

ferguson I.................................. 124 

Ficns, 'l'rophon, Brttclarkia zone.......... 24 

hayesi. ......•........................ 31, 34, 124 

juanen8is ....•.......................... 122,123 

(Lithoconus) haye8i.. .......•...... 26, 124; pl. 16 

marmoretts............. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . 122 

millepunctatus..... .. .• .. .. .. . . .. . . . . .. .. . 124 

orion..................................... 123 

oweniana... .• . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . . 122 

ynezantts.. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123, 124 

oweniantts ...•........•.... 29, 31, 34, 122, 123, 124 

testudinaritts .• _........ .. .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .. . 122 

vittatus.......... .. . . . • .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . 123 

convexa, Chrysallida.... .. . . . . . . .. .. • . . . . . .. .. . 143 

Odostomia.... .. . . . .. .• . . .. .. .. •. .. . . . . . . . 143 

cooperi, Pyramidella....... .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .. .. . 142 

Pyramidella (Lonochaeu8) ......• 27, 142; pl. 21 

'l'erebra ......•............. 30, 32, 34, 124, 125, 126 

('l'erebra) •.................• 26, 124; pl. 17 

'l'ttrritella... . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . • . 35, 46 

Coptostoma .. _......... .. . • . . .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . . . 116 

(Coptostoma) posttnwlensis, Cancellaria....... 26, 

116; pl. 15 

Corbiwla............................ .. . . .. .. . 24 

coreyi, Calyptraea ............. 25, 28, 60, 61; pl. 4 

corpttlenttts, Fttsintt8 ......•........•........•. 28,29 

.Fttsinus (Priscofustts)..... .. . . . . . . . .. ... • . 102 

Ftt8t£S.- ---------.. ------------.---------- 102 

Calyptraea... .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. .• . 62 

costellata, Calyptraea..... .. .. .. . . . . . . . . . . .. .• . 62 

Costoanachis.................................. 86 

watsonae, Anachis ..•................ 25,86; pl. 9 

costulata, 'l'urbon.... .. .. .. . . .• . . .. • . . . . . . . .. . 145 

cottonwoodensis, Niso ..•..........•..... 25,59; pl. 20 

Cra8satella oranti.......... .. .. .. . . •. . ... .. .. . 33 

cras8icardo, Lyropecten... .. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . • . 35 

Crassispira ..........•...................... 131,194 

olcesensi8 .•.. __ ............. __ .•.• 26, 134; pl. 19 

Crassostrea ash levi............................ 24 

titan...................................... 35 

vaquerosensis....... .. .. . . . • . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . 33 

crawfordiana, Cancellaria ..... --------------~-- 117 

Crawfordina.................................. 117 

(Crawfordina) kernensis, Cancellaria ... 26, 117; pl. 15 

Crepidttla ............................... 6£, 63, 64,65 

awleata. _. _. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25, 65 

adttnca... .•....... .. ...... .. .. ........... 65 

bractea ......•........•........... 25, 62, 63; pl. 4 

coei.. .. .. . . . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . • .. .. .. .. . . . . .. . 65 

dimintttiva............. .. .. .. .. . .. . . . .. .. . 63 

orandis--------- ------------------------- 64 

praempta ............................. : 63, 64,65 

princeps .............•..... 25, 28, 29, 6S, 64; pl. 4 

ro8tralis ..•............ 25, 29, 34, 36, 63, 64, 65; pl. 4 

rostrata...... .. . . . . .. . . .. .. .. .. . . . .. ... .. . 64 

ZOllO...................................... 24 

SP---------------------------------------- 28 

Crepidulidae .. _. .. .. .. . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . .. •. . . . 62 

Crttcibulttm.... .• . . . . . . .. •. .. . . .. .. .. . .. ... .. . 6£ 

papulttm . .••............................. 30, 62 

pectinatttm. _ ------------ .........•....... 62 

planttm .....•....•..........•.. __ .. .. . . .. . 62 

swtellatum ....................•..... 25, 62; pl. 5 

springvaleense.. ... . . •. .. . . .. .. .. .. .. .. . . . 62 

(Dispotaea) papulttm ••..••••..•..••• 25,6£; pl. 5 

167 

Page 

Cry pta rostralis .••......•..•...•....... __ ..... 64,65 

Cryptostoma .....•..••..•.......... __ ........ _ 70 

Cuma biplicata . ............... _ .......... ___ . 3 

cumingi, Batillaria............................ 54 

Cyclocardia .................. __ •.......... __ .. 13,24 

subtenta ..•............................ 28, 29,34 

Cylicha.. .. . . . . . . . . .. .. . . .. . . .. . . . . .. .. .. .. .. . 140 

Cylichna ............ __ . .. . . .. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . . . 139 

alba .......................•.......... _... 140 

atton8a ......... ___ •.. ___ ................ _ 140 

loismartinae ..............•.... 27,128, 159; pl. 20 

petrosa................................... 140 

ramonensis........ .. . . .. .. . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . 140 

temblorensis ................... 27, 139, 140; pl. 20 

sp ............................. __ .. . . .. .. . 140 

Cylichnina petrosa.............................. 140 

cylindracea, Bulla............................. 139 

cylindrica, Volvulella.................. ........ 141 

Cymatiidae.. ......... ........ ...... .... .. ... 72 

Cymatium .•.•...............•........•. 25,72; pl. 6 

femorale ................... __ .•.... _...... 72 

cymbiformis, Ham.inoea ......... --------------. 138 

Cytharella niobe............................... 135 

D 

dalli, Cancellaria .............••... 26,106,117; pl.15 

Fossarius...... .• • . .• .. . . •. . . .. .. .• . . .. .. . 117 

.Fossarus. _ •...........•••.......•. __ ... . . 117 

Natica (Natica).. .. . . . . .. . . . . .. .... .. . . .. . 65 

Ocenebra. _........... .. . .. ..• . .. . . . . . • .. . 80 

Searlesia....... .. . . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . 93 

'l'ectonatica.. .. . . .. . . .. . . •. . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . 65 

Teoula .........• __ ......•. __ ........ ~ ...• 41, 42 

amoldi, Tegula. ----------------------- ... 41,42 

Teoula (OmJ>halitts) ................ 41; pl. 1 

'l'richotropis .•...•••......••.......••..• _.. 117 

dalliana, Cancellaria.......................... 30, 

34, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 119 

Cancellaria (Euclia) .....••••..•.. 26, 108; pl. 13 

condoni, Cancellaria....................... 107 

dam.a, Oliva___________________________________ 121 

danvillensis, Siphonalia .. --------------------· 49 

davisae, Oliva .. ----------------------------- 120, 121 

debile, Sinttm .. ------------------------------- 71 

deceptrix, Odostomia .•..... ___ •...••• --... .. . • . 143 

Delectopecten ---------------------------------- 24 

peckhami. •.. ----------------------------- 29 

delorae, Ceratostoma .... ----------------------- 77 

Dentalium zone .....•.•...... _ .. __ ••.. ---.---. 24 

dentiferum, Glyphostoma .... ------------------ 136 

diabloensis, Calliostoma ••...••...•••....•••. 27, 42,43 

Calliostoma sple1~dens. -------------------- 43 

dilleri, Aroobuccinttm ..... --------------------- 72 

Fttsitriton ..... ___ •.. __ .....• ---. •. •• . • • . . • 72 

Gyrinettm .•.•..•. ______ .• _. .. ••• • . ••• . . . • • 72 

Mediaroo .... -------------- 25, 34, 36, 72, 73; pl. 6 

diminutiva, CreJ>idttla •. -----.--.-----...•. --.- 63 

Diodora ...•... --------------·------- 25, 28, 40; pl. 1 

alta .... _ ...... ___ ..•...• ---............... 41 

(Diodora) .. ------------------------- 25, 40; pl. 1 

diomeda, Terebra (Strioterebrum) ..•• ---------- 127 

discus, Acqttipecten ......• --------------------- 32,35 

Dispotaea •.. __ .••..... ___ .•..• ___ • --••.••....• 35, 62 

papttlttm, Cmcibulum _______________ 25, 62; pl. 5 

distorta, 'l'riumphis............................ 95 

distortum, Buccinum .•.....• ---•• --.-----.--.- 95 

dolabrattts, 'J'rochtts ..• ___ . --------.-------.--- 141 

doliaris, Scaphander •.••.••.. ----.--••• ---. •• • . 139 

(Dolichotoma), Plettrotoma •..•.•••..••••••.. 132,133 

dolioides, Pristimerica •. ----------------------- 117 

donilla, Odostomia ...... ----------------------- 144 

Odostomia (Evalea) •.•••••.•••..••• 27,144: pl. 21 

dorma, .i.Uitrella •..•• __ -----•.. ---------•••••. --

Dosinia .•.•......••...• -------•••.••• ---••.••. 

merriami. ... _ ..••..••• ___ •• _ .••••• ---..•. -

Drillia antiselli.. . .•.. -~ ..••..••••• ------------

87 

10 

31 

128 

buwaldana . .•.•••..••..••..••..•••••• ----- 130 

ochsneri. ..••• -----••• ---------------.... .• 129 
168 

Drillfa antiselli-Continued Page 

ocovana ......... -----....•.. __ ..•. _ _ _ _ ___ _ 53 

temblorensis •......•••.. ___ .. _______ . _ __ _ __ 134 

torosa .•........•.•.•...• -----...•. _ _ __ _ __ _ 129 

wilsonL ... ------------------------------- 129 

dumbleana chehahlisensis, Antillophos__________ 96 

Phos •.••. ___ . _ ••. ___ . __________ .• __ • __ •• __ 97 

PhGs (Antillophos)________________________ 96 

dumbleanus, Phos ... -------------------------- 32,96 

dumblei, Pleurotoma ... _ ---------------------- 96, 97 

Pleurotoma (Clathurella>------------------ 96 

Pleurotoma (Drillia)______________________ 96 

chehalisensis, Tritiaria (Antillophos)_______ 96 

durhami, Ferminoscala. ----------------------- 56 Scalina ....• _____________________ 25, 56, 57; pl. 3 

E 

eburnea, Niso .. __ .... __ . __ ..••. ______ • ____ . __ _ 58 

Echinophoria apta zone .•.•..•.......•.. 54, 66, 70, 71 rex zone __________________________________ !i5, 71 

edisonensis, Turbonilla .. __ . __ • _ .. ___________ .. 147 

Turbonilla (Ptycheulimella) . ....••. 27, 147; pl. 21 

edmondi, Ocenebra .. _. ------------------------ 79 

Purpura ... ·------------------------------ 85 

Thais .• __ .--------..•. ____ .. _ •..•. _._._ •.. 28, 85 

(Thaisella) _______________________ 25, 85; pl. 9 

effingeri, Epitonium___________________________ 55 

eldridgei vneziana, Ostrea ______________________ 28,33 

electilis, Moniliopsis .. __ . ___ . _______ .• ___ . _ ___ _ 135 

Ophiodermella .•...• _ •....• ______ •.. __ . __ .. 26, 135 

elegans, Evalea ..... _. _ •.• _______ .•.. ___ ...• __ • 144 

Tegula ..... _ ..... _. _. ___ .•. __ •..• __ . ___ • _. 41 

emersoni, Forreria ...........•...•.... 25, 28, 78; pl. 7 

englishi, Polystira .. "·--------------26, 127, 128; pl. 17 

Epitoniidae ...• ------------------------------ 54 

Epitonium .• ___ • __ .. _ .•.. _____ . ___ .. ___ ... ___ _ 54 

barkerianum •. ___ . __ . __ . __ ...•....... ___ __ 55 

clallamense. ---------------------24, 28, 33, 54, 55 

effingeri.. ..•..... __ ..... _____ • __ .. _. ___ ... 55 

indianorum _______________________________ 55,56 

posoensis .• __ •... ___ .•.. ____ .• ___ ... __ ... _ 55, 56 

saundersi. ___ .... _ ••. __ . _______ .. _. __ ... __ 54 

tedfordi. .. ---------.•.. _ .•. _ .•... _ ...... _ _ 56 

tinctum •.. ___ .... __ .. __ • _______ . ___ • __ • _ .. 56 

williamsoni. _ ----------------------------- 56 

(Cirsotrema) clallamense ......•....... 25, 64: pl. 3 

posoense .. __ -------------·----------55; pl. 3 

saundersi.. _. ____ • _. _____ . __ . _ ....•. __ 55 

n. sp. A------------------------------ 3,54 (Gyroscala) barkerianum _____________ 25, 56; pl. 3 

(Nitidiscala) indianorum__________________ 55 

tedfordi. •. ________________ ..•.•.. 25, 55; pl. 3 

( Opalia) ... _ .. ___ . _____ . _____ . _______ .•.. _ 54 

erinaceus, Murex. _ ...•.....•.•• ___ ....•• ___ ___ 78 

estrellanus, Lyropecten._______________________ 49 

etchegoinensis, Thais._. ____ ..•..... __ .•.. ___ ._ 78 

etheringtoni, Megasurcula______________________ 132 

Euclia .. __ .•... __ ...• ---... __ • ______ .... 105, 106, 120 

(JEuclia) circumspinosa, Cancerllaia ...• 26, 110; pl. 14 

condoni, Cancellaria ________________ 26,107; pl. 13 

dalliana, Cancellaria _______________ 26, 108; pl. 13 

joaquinensis, Cancellaria."--------- 26,118; pl. 14 

nevadensis, Cancellaria .. __________ 26,114; pl. 15 

ocogana, Cancellaria _______________ 26,110; pl. 14 

oregonensis, Cancellaria ..•• 26, 107, 109, 111; pl. 14 

pacifica, Cancellaria .....••.....•.• 26, 114; pl. 15 

simplex, Cancellaria _______________ 26, 1111; pl. 14 

Eulima. __ .. _ ..•• _ ......... _ .. _. ______ ..... _.. 57 

gabbiana .•..•... ---------------- 25, 34, 57; pl. 20 

riversi. ..•••.... ---.• __ . _ .. ______ • __ . __ .. 57 

Eulimella californica.......................... 144 

ochsneri.. ...•..• _____ • _ ....... __ ..•... ___ . 142 

(Eulimella) gabbiana, Pyramidella.------------ 57 

(Eulimella) ochsneri, Pvramidella__________ 142 

Eulimidae .... ---- __ -~ ____ .. ___ .. _ -----. __ .. _ _ 57 

eupleura, Nassarius insculptus .... ------------ 100 

Euspira victoriana, Polinices ___ ....•. _ •...... _ 67 

Eva lea •.. ------ ____ ....• ___ . ______ ••. _ •.. ____ . 144 

elegans ..•.. ------. ____ ------. _____ •... ___ _ 144 

INDEX 

Page 

· (Evrilea)', Odostomia ____________________ 27, 144; p. 21 · 

andersoni, Odostomia ______________ 27,144; pl. 21 

californica, Odostomia •. ------------------- 144 

donilla, Odostomia ........•.......• 27,144: pl. 21 

exoletus, Turbo ...•.•.....• "·------------------ 48 

expansus, Tgphis. _ --------------------------- 83 

F 

farma, Odostomia ..... ------------------------- 144 

fastigiata, Calgptraea.------------------------- 61 

femorale, Cgmatium .. ------------------------- 72 

fenestrata, Odostomia .....•........• ----------- 147 

Turbonilla (Tragula) .•........• ----------- 147 

fergusoni, Conus ..... ------------------------- 124 

ferminiana, Scalina. _. ------------------------ 57 

Ferminoscala durhami......................... 56 

whitei. __ _ ---- ____ --- ___ . ---.------ _ --- ___ . 57 

Ficidae .. _____ . __ .. ______ •. ------- __ . _______ • _ 73 

Ficus ... -------------------------------- 27, 78, 74,75 clallamensis .. ______ . ______ . ___ •. _ ___ _ ____ _ 75 

communis ________ ._. ___ ... ---._---________ 73 

kerniana ________________ 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 74,75 

contignata ____ __ --.-- ___ ...• _ ---. ___ . __ 75 

kernianus .. ___________ . __ .•. ___ .. --- _. __ __ 74 

nodiferus _______________________________ 73, 74,75 

ocovana ____ ----..• --- _ ----.--. _ -----.• _ •.. 32, 75 

contignata ____ __ ----- _ ------------ _ .• __ 75 

ruginodosa ...• ---.-- _ --- __ . -- ______ --- 75 

rodeoensis .. ____ . ___ .. _. ----. ____ ____ _ ___ _ _ 75 

stanfordensis ... --•.. _. --.. ___ . _ --------•• _ 75 

variegata .... -----. _____ . ____________ ----- _ 73 

(Ficus) modestus. --- _____ --. _______ ... _. __ 27 

(Trophosgcon) .. _________ ------------ _____ 75 

clallamensis •... .. ____ .... __ .. __ ..... _ _ 74 

kerniana .••.• ---------------- 25, 78, 75; pl. 6 

ocoyana •• ___ . ___ .. ____ .. ___ ..•.•.. _ __ _ 74 

contignata •..... __ . ___ .. __ ... ____ •. 74, 76 

ruginodosa .. ______________________ 74,76 

ocoyanus _______ ______ ----------------- 74 

oregonensis _____ . _ ...... _. _____ .•.. _. _. 74, 75 

ficus, Bulla ... ___ • ___ ... __ .. _ ... ____ ._ .. _ ... _. 73 

filosa, Calyptraea _______________________ 25, 60; pl. 4 

Trochita .•.. _. _ .. ______ . ____ . _ ... ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 60 

Fissurella rixfordi. ___ .. ____ . ___ .. ___ .. _. __ .. _. 27,40 

sp .•.. _ .... _ ... _. __ ... ___ . ___ ... ___ . __ . __ _ 40 

Fissurellidae. ____ ... __ .. _ ..... ___ .... __ ... _... 40 

flaminea, Mitrella. _______ .... -------------- ___ 87 

flam mea, Turricula .....•... __ . _. ___ . ____ .... _ _ 129 

jfuctuosa, Tegula brunnea. _ ------------------- 42 Terebra __ . _ ... __ .... __ .. _____ ... __ .. _ _ _ __ _ 126 

foliatum, Ceratostoma __________________________ 76,77 

fornicata, Patella _______ .. ____________________ . 62 

Forreria ...... _. _ .. _. _ ... ______ ...... 77, 78, 79, 82, 83 

cancellaroides ..... ___ . ___ . 25, 77, 78, 79, 83; pl. 7 

carisaensis ... ____________ . ______ . __ ____ __ _ 82 

mirandensis ____ _______ ----------- _____ 82 

emersont_ ________________________ 25, 28, 78; pl. 7 

gabbiana _________ . ____ .. _ ____ ______ __ ____ _ 77 

gabbianum, Trophon ... ___________ . ______ . 77 

gabbianus, Trophon .. _ ... ________ .. ____ _ _ _ 77 

wilkesana .. __________ . --~. ______________ .. 35 

fortis angulata, Calicantharus __ . _ .... ___ . __ . . .. . 93 

Fossarius dalli. ____ . _ .. _ _ __ __ ____ __ ____ __ _____ 117 

Fossarus barkeri._______ _ ___ _ ___ _ _ __ __ _ _______ _ 117 

dalli .. _ ____ _ ___ ____ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ _ 117 

freya, Turritella .•. ---------------------------- 3,47 

Fulgoraria_. ____ . ___ . _ .. ___ . ___ . _. __ . ___ . _ _ _ _ _ 105 

funiculata, Knefastia______ ___ ____ __ __ ______ _ _ _ 131 

funiculatum, Trigonostoma. _______ · _____ ------- 119 

Fusinidae. __ ____ ______ _ ___ ______ ______ ____ ___ 101 

Fusinus corpulentus ..• __ .. ________ .. _________ 28,29 

(Priscofusus) corpulentus _______ . ____ .. _ __ _ 102 

geniculus .•. ________ .. __ . __________ . _. 101 

hecoxt_ ___ __ . _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 102 

lincolnensis _. __ . ____________ . ________ . 102 

medialis _____ . _______________ . ___ ._____ 102 

sp .. _____ ... __ . __ . ____ . ________ ... _ __ _ 102 

Page 

Ftisitrit6ri 'd illei'i: ••• ___ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 72 

Fusoterebra .. _. ____ . __________ . ______ . ___ 35, 125, 126 

(Fusoterebra) adelaidana, Terebra ____ __ 26, JB6; pl. 17 

Fusus corpulentus. _. ____ ------------ __ __ __ __ _ 102 

geniculus. ________ . ____________ • _________ • 101 

oregonensis. ______ • __ . _______ . ___ .. _ .• __ •. 75,90 

terebrina __ .. ______ •.. ______ .. __ •. _______ • _ 125 

(Hemifusus) wilkesana____________________ 78 

futhevana, Oliva .. _----------------___________ 120 

G 

gabbiana, Eulima __________________ 25, 34, 57; pl. 20 

Forreria __ . _ .. __ .. _________ • _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 77 

Melanella (Melanella) __ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 57 

Ocenebra ________________________ 25, 34, 79; pl. 7 

Pyramidella (Eulimella) __ --------------·- 57 

Trophon __ ----------------------------- ___ 77,79 

gabbianum, Trophon (Forreria) __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 

gabbranus, Trophon. _________ -------------- _ _ _ 79 

Trophon (For reria) _____ . ____ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 

galei, Cancellaria _______ 26, 28, 106, 119, 120; pl. 16 

garcesana, Knefastia ______ 26, 31, 181, 132; pl. 18 

Gastropoda. ____________ --------------------- 40 

Generic and specific reassignments__________ 87 

geniculata, Bruclarkia ________ ----------------- 88 

Natica. ______ . ____ . _______ .. ________ . ____ 2, 3, 88 

geniculus, Fusinus (Priscofusus). _____ ------- _ 101 

Fusus. _____ . ______ ---------------------- _ 101 

Priscofusus ____ . ____ . 24, 26, 28, 36, 101, 102; pl. 12 

geversianus, Murex. ____________ --------------- 81 Gibbula ... -_ .. ___ . _________ • _____________ . _ _ _ _ 35, 42 

adriatica canfieldi. _____ • _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ 42 

(Tumulus>---------------------------- 42; pl. 1 baileyi. . __ •. __ ... ____________ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25 

gibbulosum, Buccinum. _____________________ .• 100 

Glossaulax. ___________________________________ 67,68 

(Glossaulax) alta, Neverita ____________ 25, 69; pl. 5 

andersoni, Neverita ______________ 25, 67; pl. 5 

jamesae, Neverita __________________ 25, 70; pl. 6 

Neverita ____________________________ 25, 70; pl. 6 

gluma, Volvulella ____________________ 27, 141; pl. 20 

Glyphostoma. ____ .. __________________________ 35, 186 

canfieldi. _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ __ __ ___ _ _ ___ _ 137 

carinata _______________________ 26,186, 137; pl. 19 

conradiana .. _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 136 

dentiferum •. _. _______ . __________ . __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 136 

gnomon, Hastula ____________ 26, 34, 127, 128; pl. 17 

gonostoma, Turritella. ___ -------------------- 47 

hemphilli, Turritella .. _____ ------------ ___ 47 

gouldiana, Bulla .. ___ --------_________________ 138 

gracillima, Syrnola_ ------------------------ ___ 142 

grandis, Crepidula. ________ ---------------- __ . 64 

granti, Crassatella .. __________________________ • 33 

Morula (Morunella) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 86; pl. 11 

Turritella ___ __ .. ___ . ____ ~ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 51 

gravida, Agasoma ____ ...•••.•..••. ___ • _______ .• 2 

Bruclarkia. _ .. _. ___ • ____________ • _. __ . __ .• 91 

gravidum, Agasoma .. -------------------------- 88,90 greenhornensis, Turbonilla ___________________ 143, 147 

Turbonilla (Tragula) __________ 27, 143, 147; pl. 21 

Gyrineum dilleri. _. _ -------------------------· 72 mediocre._._ .. ___ . __ . __ . ____ •.•. ___ • ___ ._. 72 

sp .. __ •. ___ . ___ . ___ . _____ .. __ ..•.. _____ .. _ 72 

Ggroscala .•. _____ . ___ . _ .••....•••...••. _ .• __ .• 35, 55 

(Gyroscala) barkerianum, Epitonium _____ 25, 56; pl. 3 

H 

haliotoidea, Helix______________________________ 70 

I-Iaminoea. __ . -------------------------------- 138 cymbiformis ....•..•. ___ . ___ • ___ . ____ .• ____ . 138 

petrosa .........•.•••.•.••• ___ . _____ ..• ___ • 140 

strongi. __ . ___ ------ ____ •••.. ________ . _ .. __ 138 

virescens ... -------------------- 27,34,188; pl. 20 visicula ____ . ___ . ___ . ___ .•. -----. _____ •• ___ 138 

hannai, Turbonilla .• -------------------------- 145 

Turbonilla (Chemnitzia) ___________ 27, 146; pl. 21 

harrellensis, Nassarius ..•.••••......••••••.• 100,101 

Nassarius (Phrontis) .•..•. ~-------------- 26, 100 
Page 

hartensis, Mangelia____________________________ 136 

Mangelia (Notocytharella) __________ 26, 186; pl. 19 

hartmanni, Mncron·--------------------------- 94 Nlcema ___________________________________ · · 95 

Ifastttla ••••• __ •••• --••• ______________________ 35,1 t7 

gnomon •• ------------------ 26, 34,1£7, 128; pL 17 lttctuosa ••.•• __ • _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 127 

llayesi, Conns.---------------------------- 31, 34,124 

Conns (Lithocontts)--------------- 26, 1£4; pl. 16 heco:me, Prisco[ttstts •• _______________________ 102, 103 

hecoxi, P.nsimts (Priscofusus).-------------~·--- 102 

llelicoiden, Vitrinella___________________________ 45 

Heli.t haliotoidea ••• __________ • ____ ••• --. __ ---- 70 

(Hemifnsus) wllkesnna, Fusus. --------------- 78 

wllkesanus ••••• ______ • _ ••• _ •• _ ••• --. _ ••• _. 78 

hem1Jhilll, Cmcellaria_________________________ 108 

'l'urrltella oonostoma.--------------------- 47 vrmulcckL. _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 47 

llertleini, Clllnmys •••••••.•.•• ,. --------------. 28,33 

(flima) arnoldi, Nc,ssaritts____________________ 98 

hormigacttestn, 'l'mbonilla. _ ------------------- 146 

'l'·urbonilla (Pyrioiscus) ____________ 27,/46; pl. 21 

howei, Mcmgelict (Aoathotoma) _____________ 186; pl. 19 

Mnngilct. ____ • _____________________ • _. _... 136 

Memo ilia •.••••••• _. ____ • ____ .----•••• ---.- 136 

Meoasurwla ________ 3, 26, 29, 34, 36,18£, 13a; pl. 18 

httmerosus, Calicctnthnms. ___ ----------------- 94 

!i., hydratis, Bulla________________________________ 138 

idae, Mitra.--------------------------------- 103,104 

im1Jerforatn, Neveritn reclusiana________________ 68 

i1111Jerictlis, 'l'rochus •••• ___________ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ 43 

incrassata, Oliva ________________ -------------__ 120 

lndinnomm, EJJitoniwn ______ •• ------------- 55,56 

E1Jitonium (Nitidiscala)___________________ 55 

indttrata, Mio1Jleionn.......................... 104 

Psephaea •• __ -- ______ • _. _. ----- __ • __ • -- _ 104, 105 

(Mioplctona) __________________ 26, 105; pl. 13 

I~ostellaria •• ---- _. _______ ----. _. _. _. _. _. __ 104 

incrmis, Pleurotomct •••• ----------------------- 134 

inczcwct altacorona, '1'·1trr1tella. ---------------- 49 

1Jervttlgata, 'l'ttrrltelln •••.••••• -. ___ •• _ --. _- 48 

Tmritella ( 'l'orcttla) ___ •• _. _ ••• _ 25, 48; pl. 2 

scwtana, 'l'urritella________________________ 48 

scspeensis, 'l'ttrritella. --------------------- 48,49 

'l.'urritclla _______________ 10, 24, 28, 32, 33, 46, 48,49 

( 'l.'orwla) ____________ • _ •• _____________ 25, 48 

inornata, Caly7Jtraea. ------------------------- 60,61 

inscttlJJtus Ct£1Jleura, Nnssarius________________ 100 

Nassaritts •••• ____ • ___ • _ •••••• --•• ----•• --. 100 

insignis, 'l.'richotropis.......................... 59 

inter fossa, Manoelia. _______ • __ -- __ -----•• -__ .- 136 

lola, 'l'erebra. ___ ..... __________ ---. __ • ____ • ---- _ 126 

ischnon, Olivella __________________________ 34,121,122 

Olivella (Olivella) __________________ 26, Itt; pl. 17 

israelskyi, Sttlcoretttsa ___________ 27,140, 141; pl. 20 

lso1Jlettra, 'l.'erebra. _________ •• __ • -- _ ••• ___ • _ -- _ 126 

J 

jamesae, Neveritct ••••• __________ • ___ • _ •• _. _. 36, 69, 70 

Nevcrita (Olossattlax) ________________ 25, 70; pl. 6 

}a1JOnicus, 'l.'rocllus____________________________ 43 

jayana, Cancellaria.-------------------------- 119 

joaquinensis ,Cancellaria._----- 30, 34, 35, 106, 112,113 

Cancelletria (Ettclin) ______________ 26, 118; pl. 14 

Nerita. ___ • __ •• ______________ --- _ •••• ____ • 45 

('l.'heliostyla) __________________ 25, 45; pl. 1 

Volvulella _________________________ 27, 141; pl. 2v 

josephinia, Never ita ___ ------------------------ 67 

juanensis, Conus._------------------------- 122, 123 }ttgttlnris, Bttlla ••. _______________ • ___ ----. __ •. 139 

ScU1Jhander ______ 27, 28, 29,34,138,189,154; pl. 20 

}( 

Katherinclla _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ __ _ _ ___ ____ __ __ _ 24 

angttstifrons _. __________ ---------. ___ __ __ _ 29 

keenae, Cancellaria ________________ 26, 106, 119; pl. 16 

I~DEX 

Page 

keepi, Bathytoma •• ---------------------------- 133 

Megasurcula. __ --------- 26, 31, 34, 132, 188; pl. 18 

Pleurotoma (Bathytoma) __ ---------------- 133 

Surwlites (Megpsurcula)__________________ 133 

Turris. ___________________ ----- ____ _ ___ ___ 133 

Kelletia .. _________ • ________________________ • __ 91 

lorata __ ------------------------- 26, 91, 92; pl. 10 posoensis __________________ 26, 28, 34, 91, 9£; pl. 10 

(Kelletia) posoensis, Siphonalia________________ 92 

kelletii, Siphonalia. _____ ---------------------- 91 

kelletti, Macron aethiops_______________________ 94 

kellettii, Macron------------------------------- 94 

Pseudoliva .• ------------------------------ 94 

kelseyi, Trichotropis. ___ ---------------------- 59 

kerniana contignata, Ficus_____________________ 75 

Ficus ... ---------·----~- 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 36, 74, 75 ('l.'rophosycon) ________________ 25, 78, 75; pl. 6 

kernensis, Calicantharus ________ 26, 30, 34, 9£, 93; pl. 7 

Cancellaria. __ -·---------------------- 34, 117, 118 (Crawfordina) _________________ 26,117; pl. 15 

Clathrodrillia. ___ ------------------------- 135 

(Moniliopsis). ___ --------------------- 135 

Mangelia ____________ ----------- 30, 34, 36, 135, 136 

(Cacodaphnella) ____ ------------------- 135 

(Notocytharella). ---------------- 185; pl. 19 medialis, Trophon ___________________ 28, 77, 82,83 

Trophon (Attstrotrophon) ________ 25, 88; pl. 8 

Pseudomelatoma. __ --------------------- 135 

Pseudotomella .... _______ ------------------ 135 

Trophon ________________ 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 81, 82,83 

(Austrotrophon) _______ ----. _. _ -------- 25, 81 

Turritella. -------------------- 25, 34, 46, 47; pl. 2 kernianum, Agasoma __________________________ 74,75 

Trophosycon ___ -- ______ •• ___ --. __ --. _- ---- 3, 74 

kernianus, Ficus. ______________ --_--.-- __ -·--_. 74 

kettlemanensis, Calicantharus. ------- 26, 34,.94; pl. 11 

Knefastia ... _________________________ -------- 35, 131 

funiculata .... ____________ • -----.---------- 131 

garcesana ___________________ 26, 31,181, 132; pl. 18 

L 

labiata, Clavatula ... ________ • --- __ ---- _____ ---- 130 

Lacuna--------------------------------------- 45 

carinata ______ • -- _____ -------------- ___ ---- 45 

carpenteri.. _ ------------------------ 25, 45; pl. 3 

Lacunidae. ___ -- _ --- _____ • ___ • --•• ------------ 45 

laevis, Tegula. ____ • -- ______________________ • __ 41 

Tegula (Omphalius) .. --------------~ 25, 41; pl. 1 

lampada, Typhis .. ---------------------------- 34,83 Typhis (Talityphis) _________________ 25,88; pl. 8 

lanceolata, Columbella .. _______ ---- ____ .•. ----- 86 

lapillus, Nucella. ----------------------------- 84 latipennis, Typhis .... ________ • _. _______ • __ • -- _ 83 

lawsoni, Calliostoma. ______ •• -- __ • ---- _ ------- 43 

legitima, Xenuroturris .•. _____ • _ •• --- _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 

lena, Thais.~ __ ---_--- _____ -------.--·---_---__ 83 

lens, Vitrinella ..• --. _____________ ---- ________ • 46 

Vitrinella (Vitrinellops) ______________ 25,46; pl. 2 

levesquei, Opalia. _ --- ________ ----------------- 56 

libya, Turricula ____ -- ________ -------- _______ 129,131 

Turricula ( Turricula) ______ • _. _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ 129 

lickana, Cancellaria. ______ ----- 30, 34, 35,113,115,116 

Cancellaria (Pyruclia) _____________ 26,115; pl. 15 

lignaria, Bulla. _____________________ --- __ ----_ 139 

lima, Purpura ________________________ 84,85,115,116 

Thais ... ______ .~- ______________ -- __ ----•.. 84,85 

(Nucella) __ -- _________________ -------- 115 

(Polytropa) ____ _ _ __ __ __ _____ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ 84 

lincolnensis, Fusinus (Priscofusus)____________ 102 

Priscofustts. ___ -- ____________ -------- __ __ _ 103 

Turris .•. __ • ___ -- _ _ ____ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ __ ____ _ 102 

lisi, Natica .•• --------------------------------- 27 

Lithoconus ____ ------------------------------- 35, 124 

(Lithoconus) hayesi, Conus ____________ 26,1£4; pl.16 

litterata, Mitra •.. ----------------------------- 104 loismartinae, Cylichna _____________ 27,128,199; pl. 20 

lomana, Niso. _. ___ -- _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ ___ 59 

Trichotropis ______ ------ _ _ __ ____ __ __ ____ ___ 59 

169 

Page 

Longchaeus. __ • ---- ______ -------- ____ __ ____ __ _ 141 

(Longchaeus) cooperi, Pyramidella _____ 27, 142; pl. 21 

cooperi, Pyramidellida________ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ 142 

lorata, Kelletia ______________________ 26,91,92; pl. 10 

luctuosa, Hastula. _ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ 127 

lugubre, Buccinum____________________________ 84 

lugubris, Morula __ .------_____________________ 86 

lutzi, Balcis.--------------------------- 25,58; pl. 21 Lyropecten crassicardo____ ____ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 35 

estrellanus ___ -- __ __ __ ____ ___ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 49 

magnolia ____ ---._----- ____________________ 30,33 

M 

Macoma arctata .. _ ------------------ ___ ------ _ 29 

Macron .. -_------._-- ____ -- ___________________ 29,94 

aethiops ___________________ 26,29,34,94,95; pl.11 

kelletti. ------ ____ . _ __ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ ___ _ __ _ 94 

hartmannL •• _ __ __ _ _ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ 94 

kellettiL .•• ------------------------------- 94 merriami. •... -- ____________ -------- _ _ __ ___ 94 

sp_ --- __ --. ----- ___ ---- ___________________ 29,31 

Mactra sect oris._______________________________ 128 

magdalensis, Acteon traski.____________________ 137 

magellanicus, Murex. _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ _ 81 

magnolia, Lyropecten ______ ----------------- ___ 30,33 

magus, Trochus ______ __________ ------------ ___ 42 

mamillaris, Calyptraea. __________ ~- ___________ 25,61 

Mangelia. _ ------ ____ ---------------------- _ 185,126 

hartensis •• _ --- _ -- ______________ ----- ___ __ _ 136 

inter fossa_._______________________________ 136 

kernensis _____ ---- _____________ 30, 34, 36, 135,136 

striolata _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

(Agathotoma) howei. _____ --------- 26, 196; pl. 19 

( Cacodaphnella) kernensis. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

(Notocytharella) hartensis __________ 26,196; pl. 19 

kernensis ______ ___________________ 195; pl. 19 

Mangeliinac ___ ... _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

Mangila howei. ____ -- ______ ----- _ __ ___ _ _ _ __ __ _ 136 

Mangilia howeL------------------------------ 136 mariposa, Turbonilla___ __ __ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ 147 

Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) ________ 27,146; pl. 21 

marmoreus, Conus____________________________ 122 

mathewsoni, Argobuccinum ... ------------------ 73 Mediargo ___________________ 24, 25, 28, 71!, 73; pl. 6 

Ranella _________ -------------------------- 72,73 

mathewsonii, Bursa___________________________ 73 

matthew I, Molopophorus .• _ ___ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ 96 

maura, Mitra. ___ ----_________________________ 104 

mediale, Cerithium. ____ ------------------ ____ _ 102 

medialis, Fusinus (Priscofusus) _ -------------- 102 Pricofusus.-- ---- _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ 33 

Priscofusus- _.--- _ 24, 26, 28, 29, 36,1 OS, 103; pl. 12 

Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis __ 25, 89; pl. 8 

Trophon kernensis __________________ 28, 77, 82,83 

Mediargo __ ----------------------------------- 27, 71! 

dillerL-------------------- 25,34,36, 7£, 73; pl. 6 

mathewsoni. --------------- 24, 25, 28,7£, 73; pl. 6 mediocris _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ ___ _ __ 72 

vancouverensis ___ ------ ____ ------ _ _ __ ___ _ _ 73 

mediocre, Gyrineum___________________________ 72 

mediocris, Mediargo. ----------------------- ___ 72 Megasurcula. _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ 13£ 

condonana _____ •• _ 26, 28, 29, 34, 36,19£, 134; pl. 19 

etheringtoni. ____ --- _ _ __ _ _ ____ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 132 

howei... ___________ 3, 26, 29, 34, 36,18£,133; pl. 18 

keepi.. __________________ 26, 31, 34,132,188; pl. 18 

wynoocheensis ___________ 26,34,36,189,134; pl.19 

(Megasurcula) keepi, Surculites________________ 133 

wynootcheensis, Surculites _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ ___ _ 133 

ft-:6elanella <Melanella) oabbiana________________ 57 

(Melanella) gabbiana, Melanella_______________ 57 

Melania campanellae__________________________ 145 

ru.fa _______________ ------- _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 145 

Melongena californica. _ ----------------------- 27 

sanjuanensis _____ ________ ---------- __ __ _ _ _ 27 

SP---------------------------------------- 4 

Menestho _________ ------------- __ _ _ _ ___ _ _ __ ___ 143 

(Menestho) repenningi,.Odostomia __ 27,143,144; pl. 21 
170 

Page 

l\1erica___ _ _ __ __ ____ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 116 

merriame, Dosinia____ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 31 

111acron_ _ __ __ ___ _ ____ __ __ ____ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 1)4 

Mcsogastropoda _____ -- __________________ ---- _ 45 

Microtrypetes______ _ __ __ __ ______ ___ __ _ __ _ _ __ ___ 126 

middendorfji, Mytilus __________________________ 24,27 

milicentana, Ocenebra ____ __________ 25, 28, 33, 80; pl. 8 

PnT]ntra______ _ _ _ __ _ __ ___ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ 80 

millepunctatus, Conus __________________ ,._____ 124 

minor, Collumbella____________________________ 87 

miocenica, Searlesia ___________________________ 02, 1)3 

mioperplicatttlus, Pyrgolam1Jros _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 

Mio1Jleiona _____ ______ .__ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 104 

indurata_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ _ _ _ 104 

scowensis _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 104 

weaverL _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ 104 

sp ______________________________________ 104, 105 

(Miopleiona), Psephaea ___ ----"-- ---------- __ _ 27 

indurata, Psephaea ________________ 26,105; pl.13 

weaveri, Psephaea .. -------"------- 26,104; pl.13 

mirandensis, Forreria carrisaensis______________ 82 

Mitra. _________ . ____________________________ 103, 104 

andersonL ______________________________ 103, 104 

idae ______ _______________________________ 103, 104 

litterata .• _ _ __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 104 

maura___ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 104 

mitra ____________________ -- __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 103 

montereyL __________ -- _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 104 

orientalis ____ __ ---------- _ ----- _-- ____ ----- 104 

(Atrimitra) andersonL ____________ 26, 103; pl. 13 

mitra, Mitra___________________________________ 103 

111itrella ___ _________ -- __ -___ --------------- _ --- 87 

alta .. ------------------------------------- 87 anchuela. ______________ -- _____ 25, 30, 31, 87; pl. I) 

dorma _____ ------------------------------- 87 

flaminea ___ ------------------------ __ -- --- 87 

richthojenL ___ ---------------- _ ----------- 87 

tt~berosa ______ ----"- -------- __ -------- _ -- _ _ 87 

(Columbellopsis) alta ________________ 26,87; pl. 9 

Mitridae. ______ ----- ___ --- _ --- _ --- _ -- __ _ _ __ __ _ 103 

modestus, Ficus (Ficus)-----------------______ 27 

Modiolus sp ____ ------------------------ __ -- _ _ _ 29 

Molopophorous •• --------.---- --------------- 27, 35,95 Molopophorus anglonana ___________________ 88, 95, 96 

anglonanus ___________ 3, 26, 28, 30, 34, 36, 95; pl. 11 

matthewi_ __ ______ ------ __ -------- __ _ _ __ __ _ 96 

(Molopophorous) anglonana, Bullia__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 05 

striata, Bullia ____ __ -- __ ------------ __ ---- _ 95 

Moniliopsis electilis _____ ____ -- __ ------ _ _ __ __ __ _ 135 

(Moniliopsis) antiselli, Clathrodrillia_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 

kernensis, Clathrodrillia_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

montagui, Balcis _____ ___ ------------- ____ _____ 57 

montereyensis, Sulcoretusa____ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 

montereyi, Mitra ____ -----------------_________ 104 

moodyi, Turritella ___ _____ -------------- ____ __ _ 3, 

25, 30, 34, 46; pl. 2 

morani, Astraea ____ ___________ --------- __ __ ___ 44 

111orula_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 

lugubris_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 86 

(Morunella) granti. _ _ _ ___ _ ___ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ 25, 

86; pl. 11 

Morunella ______ __________ -------- _. _____ ------- 85 

(Morunella) granti, Morula____________________ 25, 

86; pl.ll 

morus, Ricinula ______ ------ __ ----------------- 85 

Murex attem~atus_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

belcherL __ ___ _ __ _ ____ _ _ ____ _ _ __ __ __ _ _____ _ 77 

erinaceus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 78 

geversianus_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 81 

magellanicus. ___________________ -_ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 81 

neritoideus ____________________ ------------ 83 

reticulatus. ________________ -_-- __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 

scriptus ___ ___________________ -- _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 87 

tubercularis _________________ -______ ------- 52 

(Cerostoma) nuttallL_____________________ 76 

Muricidae ___ _________________ ---------------- _ 76 

Murithais wilkesanus, Chicoreus ____________ -_- 78 

INDEX 

Page 

mutabile, Buccinum___________________________ 98 

1Hyorella. _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2 

Mytilus middendorffi- __________ ------ _________ 24,27 

N 

Narona__ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 118 

(Narona) birchi, Cancellaria _______________ us; pl. 16 

nashae, Tegula___ __ ____ ________ __ _ ___ ____ ____ _ 41 

Nassa. ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ _ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ _ __ _ 98 

arnoldi_______ __ ____ __ _ _ __ ____ __ __ _____ _ ___ 98 

blakei__ _________________________________ 100, 101 

chehalis ens is ______________________________ 96, 97 ·,. 

ocoyana___ ___ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ ___ 100 

tiarula _____ _______________________________ 99, 100 

N·assariidac____ __ __ _ _ __ _ _________ ______ ___ _ ___ ~~ 

Nassarius ______ ______________________ 3, 97, 98, 99, 100 

antiselli__ __ _______________________________ 27,.99 

Mnoldi_ ________________ :.l, 29, 34,36, 98, 99,100,128 

blakei____ _ ___ __ __ ____ __ __ ____ _ _ _ ___ __ ____ _ 100 

churchL _ ____ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ ____ _____ 90 

harrellensis _______ ________________________ 100, 101 

insculptus_ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ ______ ____ ____ __ ___ 100 

eupleura ______________________________ . 100 

ocoyana___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 100 

ocoyanus ______________________________ 30,.34, 100 

perpinguis ___ _____________________________ 97,99 

posoensis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 29, 101 

smootL ____________________________ 3, 31, 100, 101 

stockL _ _ _ ____ ____ __ __ __ __ ____ _ _ __ _______ _ _ 91) 

(Catilon) arnoldi__ _________________ 26, 98; pl. 12 

· smootL _ __ __ _ ____ __ __ ____ __ ____ __ ____ _ 100 

(T-lima) arnoldi____________________________ 98 

(Phrontis) harrellensis ____________________ 26,100 

ocoyanus ______________________ 26, 100; pl. 12 

posoensis _____________________ 26, 101; pl. 12 

smooti_ ______________ : _________ 26, 100; pl. 1 

(Uzita) antiselli___________________________ 35 

arnoldi______ _ __ __ ___ _ ____ __ ______ ____ _ 98 

sp ___ --'-~·---- ____ ____ ____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ___ 28 

Natica _____ ___________________________________ 65,66 

chemnitzL __ _ ______ ____ ____ _____ _ ____ _____ 66 

clarki_ ___________________ ----------_______ 66 

geniculata ____ ____________________________ 2, 3, 88 

lisi_______________________________________ 27 

ocoyana _________________________________ 2, 67,68 

posuncula ___________________________ 3, 34, 66,67 

recluziana andersoni.______________________ 3 

teglandae_____ __ _ ___ _ ___ ____ _ _____ __ __ __ ___ 66 

teglanrJ.L__ ____ _ ___ __ __ _ _ ___ _ __ ________ ___ 65 

vokesL .. ____ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ ____ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 66 

(Natica) dalli_____________________________ 65 

teglandae ____ _______________________ 65; pl. 5 

(Naticarius) posuncula ______________ 25, 66; pl. 5 

(Neverita) recluziana andersoni. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 67 

(Tectonatica) teglandae_ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 65 

(Natica) dalli, Natica_________________________ 65 

teglandae, Natica _______________________ 65; pl. 5 

Naticarius___ __________ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ ______ _ 66 

posuncula, Natica ___________________ 25, 66; pl. 5 

Naticidae_____ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 65 

Naticinae____ _ ____ ______ __ __ __ __________ ___ __ 65 

nemo, Odostomia_____ ______ ______ __ __ _ _______ _ 144 

Neogastropoda.______________________________ 76 

Neptuneidac__ _ _______ _ _________ ____ __ __ _____ 88 

Nerita _________ ____ -------- ________ ----------- 35,45 

beali. _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 45 

carena. _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 66 

joaquinensis ----- _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ 45 

pallidula _________ ------------------------- 45 

peloronta. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 45 

vitellus____________________________________ 65 

(Theliostyla) joaquinensis ____________ 25, 45; pl. 1 

Neritidae___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 45 

Page 

neritoideus. Murex. __________ -------------- ___ 83 

nevadensis, Cancellaria. _________________ 100, 114, 115 

Cancellaria (Euclia) ______________ 26, 114; pl. 15 

nevada nus, Cancellaria________________________ 128 

Pecten____________________________________ 30 

Vertipecten ____ --------------- _____________ 30,34 

Never ita ____________________ ~ ________ ·- ____ 67, 70, 153 

alta _________________________________ 34, 68, 69, 70 

andersoni. ______________ 28, 29, 31, 32, 67, 68, 69, 70 

callosa ________ ----- ______________ 27, 32, 67, 68,69 

jamesae ________________________________ 36, 69, 70 

josephinia ____ ____________ -------- __ __ __ __ _ 67 

reclusiana ________ _______________ ------- 67, 68,60 

imperjorata_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 

reclusianus_ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 68 

recluziana ____ ________________________ 2, 68, 60, 70 

alta___________________________________ 60 

(Glossaulax) ________________________ 25, 70; pl. 6 

alta ____________________________ 25,69; pl. 5 

andersoni_ ---------------------- 25,67; pl. 5 jamesae ________________________ 25, 70; pl. 6 

(Neverita) recluziana alta, Polinices____________ 69 

recluziana andersoni, Natica_______________ 67 

Nice11~a _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 04 

hartmannL ________ -------------- -------~ _ 95 niobe, Cytharella_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

Niso__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 58 

antisellL~------------------- 25,34,58, 50; pl. 20 

cottonwoodensis_________________ 25,59; pl. 20 

eburnea_ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 58 

lomana __________________ ----------------- 59 

Nitidiscala__ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 55 

(Nitidiscala) indianorum, Epitonium. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 55 

tedjordi, Epitonium ________________ 25,55; pl. 3 

nodibulosa, Trophosycon clallamensis. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ 75 

nodi/era, Pyrula_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 75 

nodijeru11., Trophosycon_ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 

nodijerus, Ficus ____________________________ 73, 74,75 

Notocytharella_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

(Notocytharella) hartensis, Mangelia . . 26, 136; pl. 19 

kernensis, Mangelia________________ 135; pl. 19 Nucella ___ ____________________________________ 83,84 

lapillus___________________________________ 84 

packi_ _________________________ -------- ___ 84 

Thais_________________________ 25,84: pl. I) 

theobroma ____ _____________________________ 83, 84 

(Nucella) lima, Thais_________________________ 115 

Nucnlana_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 13 

ochsneri__ ______ __________________ --------- 29,34 

sp_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 16 

nuttalli, Ceratostoma _______ ------------------ _ 77 

Murex (Cerostoma) ________ --------- ____ --- 76 

0 

obliquistriata, Astraea __________________ --- _--- 44 

Calliostoma _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 44 

obliquum, Sinum ______ _________________ --- _ --- 71 

Ocenebra __________________________________ 77, 78, 81 

clarki__ _____________________________ 25,80: pl. 8 

dallL __ _ _ __ ___ _ ____ __ __ __ _ _ ___ _ ____ ____ _ _ _ 80 

edmondi. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ _ __ _ _ ____ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 79 

gabbiana _________________________ 25, 34, 79; pl. 7 

milicentana ___________________ 25, 28, 33, 80; pl. 8 

topangensis ____________ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80, 81; pl. 8 

trophonoides ______________ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80; pl. 8 

wilkesana __________ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82; pl. 7 

SP------------------------------- 25, 28, 81; pl. 8 

ochsneri, Drillia __ __ -------------------- __ c- --- 129 

Eulimella_________________________________ 142 

.l'.uculana ______ ____________ -------------- _ 29,34 

Pyramidella ________ ________ ------- ___ ----- 142 

(Eulimella).-------------------------- 142 

(Syrnola)--------------------- 27, 142: pl. 21 

Turricula _________ 26, 29, 30,129, 130, 131; pl. 18 

Ocinebra topanoensis ___ ____ --- _ --------------- 78,81 
Page 

ocoyana, Batillarla ••• •••••• 25, 2!l, 30, 31, 34, 53; pl. 3 

Cancellaria •••••••.••••••••••• 2!l, 36, 107, 110, 112 

(Ettclla) ••••••.••••••••••••••• 26, 110; pl. 14 

Drlllia.................................... 53 

Ficus ••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.•..•...•...• 32,75 

contlgnata, Ji'icns.......................... 75 

Ficus (1'rophosycon).--------------------- 74,76 

mglnoclosa, Ptws (TrOJJhosycon) ••.••••.•. 74,76 

Ji'iws ( 1'r01Jhosycon) ••••••••••••• __ •• .• • . . 74 

Nassa •• ••••• ____ •• __ •••••••••• -. •• . • •• •• • 100 

Nassarlns ______ •••••••••••• -----.••.•.... - 100 

Natlca ••••••••••••••••••••••••.•.•••.• .• 2, 67,68 

SycotOJJt£8 •••• ••••• _ ••.• ______ • _ •••••..• -_. 74,75 

ocoyana, Sycotv1nts ••••••• --••.• ----•.•. --•... - 75 

1'hesbia •• •• __ --------•••••• ______ •.• _ •• -.- 53 

ocoyannm, 1'r07Jhosvcon. _ --•••••••• ----...•. -. 74,76 

ocoyanus, Ficus (TT01Jhosycon)________________ 74 

Nassarltts •••••• _ •• __ •••••••••••• __ •••• 30, 34,100 

(PIIrontis) ____________________ 26,100; pl. 12 

Sycoto1ms ••• ------------------------------ 74,75 Sycoto1ms •••• __ • _. _______ •• __ -_. _ ••••.•• -- 75 

1'T01Jhosycon ••• ------------------•••• ----- 74 

1'nrritella ________ ---- __ --------------- _ --- 3, 

21, 24, 25, 2!J, 31, 34, 35, 46, 48, 49, 50, 51, 

62, 80, 114, 130, 151, 153; pl. 2 

biJsel, 1'nrritella •• ____ •• ____ •• ----- _ ---- 31, 50,51 

to·pmzoensls, 1'·ztrrltellu __ • _ 25, 31, 50, 51, 52; pl. 2 

wlttfclll, Tmrltcllu. _ •• ___ •• __ .••• _ •.• ----- 31, 50 

Otlostomlu. _. _ --- ___ -------- _. __ •••.• ___ 142, 143, 144 

anclcrsonl. _ ---- _ -----•• ---••••••• --- _ ----. 144 

convexa •••• ____ ---------. ____________ •• -- _ 143 

ctccc1Jtrlx ••••••• --------•• ----•• --- ___ ----. 143 

clonilla ••• __ • _ •••• ____ •• __ •• __ --- _ •• ---- __ . 144 

furma •••• •••• _______ • _______ ••• ______ . _ •• • 144 

fcnestrata. ---- ___ •• ----- _ .••• ___ • __ . _ ••• _ _ 147 

ncmo •• ____ • _ ----- _____ •• _____ ••• ----. _ •• • 144 

rot1mdomontana ______ ________________ •••• _ 147 

sanctomm •••• ___ •• ______ • _. _____ •• ____ ••• 143 

scrtnolana •• ------ ----· _ ------ _______ ••• __ _ 143 

tennis ••••••••••••••••• _______ •••• ____ •• __ • 144 

(13clsa) rotmutomontana ••••••.••.. 27,143; pl. 21 

(CIIrysallltla) ••••••••••.••••.•.•.•• 27, 143; pl. 21 

scqnolana ••••••••••••••••.•••• 27, 141!; pl. 20 

(Evalca) ••••••.•••••••••••••••••••• 27,144; pl. 21 

untlcrsoni. •••.•••••••••..••••. 27, 144; pl. 21 

callfomlca ••• __ • _ ••. _ .• ______ •• __ •• _ _ _ 144 

donlllu ________________________ 27, 144; pl. 21 

SP---·····-·-·····-·--·-·-·····-··--- 27,144 

(Mencst/10) rc1Jenntnol... _____ • 27, 143, 144; pl. 21 

olccsensis, Crasslspira. _ •••.•••• _. _ .•.• 26, 1 34; pl. l!l olclroycli, Balcis. ________________________ 25,58; pl. 21 

Oliva •• ____ •• __ •••.• ____ . _____ .•• _______ • 27, 120,121 

callfomlcu •• _____ • ____ 28, 2!l, 31, 32, 74, 75,120,121 

Oliva •••••••••••••••••••••...•• 26,11!0; pl. 16 

clama ••••• _ •• _ ----- ________ •. __ .•••. ___ •• • 121 

ctcwlsae ••••. _ •• _ ••• _____ •••• ________ •••.. 120,121 

fntheyana •• •• ____ . _____ •••••••• _______ ... _ 120 

incrassatc'--·- _____ • __ ------•••..•• _ ... _. _. 120 

slmonclsl. ____ •• __ .• ________ •••••••••• __ • 120, 121 

s·plcata •••••• -- ___ .• __ • ___ •• ___ ••. __ • _ •••• _ 121 

(Oliva>.------------------------------ 11!1; pl.16 

californica •••• ••. __ •••••. _____ • 20, 120; pl. 10 

ollva, Volnta •••••• ___ • __ ••• ________ • _. _ •••• __ _ 120 

ollvacca, Plcnrotoma •••••••• ------------------- 131 Ollvclla •• •• __ •• _ ••• __ •• __ •• ___ • ______ ••• _ •• • . . Jill 

cantmw •••• •••••••••••••••••• ______ •. ••••. 122 

lsclmon ••••••••• _____ ••••••••••• _____ 34, 121,122 

1Jcclromw _________________________________ 27,121 

snb1Jcclrocma. _ ••••.••••.•••••.• _____ 121, 122 

Bt£b1Jeclroana. _ ••• ____ •••• ______ ••.•.•.. -·. 27 

( Olivclla) iscllnon •••••••••.••••• __ . 26,11!1; pl. 17 

sp ••• _ ... ___ . ___ .... __ .. ______ .... _ 26, 28, 31, 122 

(Olivclla) iscllnon, Ollvella •• •. _. _____ • _ 26, 1 Ill; pl. 17 

Ollvldnc ••..••••••••• _ .• _ ..• ___ • _ .••. __ . _ •• __ _ 120 

olssonl, TV1Jhls ••••• --- __ .••.• ----•. --••••. ---. 83 

Om1Jiwlius.................................... 41 

(0m1Jhali1LB) laevis, Teonla ______________ 25,41; pl. 1 

clalll amoldi, 1'eonla ••••••••••••••..•.•• 41; pl. 1 

INDEX 

Page 

Opalia ••• •• __ ------ __ • __ ••......... __ ------... 56 

levesqnei. • _ •.• _ ••••...•...... _ ....••.• _ .. _ 56 

rugifemm •. -•••.•... ___ ..•.•.... -•. --.. -.- 54 

williamsoni.. -------------------------- 34, 30, 56 

(Rugatiscala) williamsonL ......... 25, 56; pl. 3 (Opalia), Epitonium __________________________ · 54 

ophioderma, Surcula __ ------- _. --------------- 134 

Ophiodermella ..••. _. __ .... ___ . ___ . __ .. ---- __ . 35, 134 

electilis. __ •... ____ • __ .•... _ .•.• __ .. _. _. _. 26, 135 

temblorensis ________ 26, 29, 30, 34, 134, 135; pl. 17 

Orbulina _____ .. __ ..... __ ._ .• _ ...•...... ____ .. _ 32 

oregonense, Agasoma •• _. ___ ... _ .... _. __ . _ _ _ _ _ _ 90 

orcgonensis, Bmclarkia .•. 20, 29, 36, 89, 90, 91; pl. 10 

Cancellaria •• _ ..... __ .. __ .... _________ . __ . 29, 

36, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 114, 120 

(Euclia) ____________ 26, 107, 109, 111; pl. 14 

Ficus (Trophosycon) ______________________ 74,75 

Ji'usus _______ ...•..•..... __ .. __ . _ ... _ .... _ 75, !JO 

Priscofusus _____________________________ 101,102 

Psephaea. __ .• ___ . ___ ... __ . ___ . ______ ... _ _ 104 

Trichotropis ...•. _. _ .. __ . _ .. _______ . ___ ... _ 111 

1'rophon ... ____ •. __ ..... _. _____ .. ____ .... _ 81 

Turritella ..... ______ .. ______ • __ .... _. _ .. __ _ 51 

orientalis, Mitra .. ____ .... _____ . __ ... _ .. ____ .. _ 104 

orion, Conus __ . ____ ... __ . _____ .... _._ .... __ ._. 123 

osmonti, Anadara. _ --------------------------- 20,31 

Ostrea ___ .•. _. ___ .. __ . _ .. _ ... ___ .. _ ....... 10, 16, 153 

eldridge I, Pecten sespeensis zone ___ . __ ... __ 24 

eldridgei yneziana _. __ .... _. ___ ... __ .... __ • 28,33 

vaquerosensis ....... __ ... __ . ___ . __ . _ .. __ ... 10 

Ostrea-Chlamys bed ..• ______________ .____ 16 

oweniana, Conus.---------------------------- 122 

ynezanus, Conus •... -------------------- 123,124 

owenianus, Conus ______________ 29,31,34, 122,123,124 

Conus (Chelyconus) ____________ 26, Jill!; pl. 17 

oxytropis, Polystira •.. ____ .. _. ________ ...... _.. 128 

p 

pabloensis, Cancellaria._ ... _______ .......... _ 32, 113 

PachyJJoma biangulata. ____ ------ __ .......... _ 44 

(Pachypoma) biangttlata, Astraea .... _ .. _ .... _. 44 

JJacifica, Cancellaria._------------------------ 34, 

106, 107, 112, 113, 114, 115, 110, 119 

Cancellaria (Eucli(l) ...•........ 20, 114; pl. 15 

packi, Nucella _____________ ------ __ ------ __ ___ 84 

Thais ____ .... __ . __ . _________ ..... __ . 28, 29, 84, 85 

(Nucella) _____________________ 25, 84; pl. 9 

talea, Thais_ .. _ .. _. __ ... _ ....... _......... 84 

JJadronescnsis, Tttrritella. _ .... _. _. _ ... ___ . ___ . 48,49 

Turritella carrisaensis ....... _ ........ _. __ . 48 

(Torcula) ....................... 25, 49; pl. 2 

JJallidttla, Nerita_ ------ __________ -------- ____ _ 45 

JJanzana, Thais. _______ -------------- ______ .__ 27 

papnl·um, Cmcibnlmn _________________________ 30,62 

Cmcibulnm (Dispotaea) ____________ 25, 61!; pl. 5 

Patella apertma ________ . ______ __ _ __ __________ _ 40 

auricnla . ........... _____ __________ __ __ __ _ 02 

chinensis _ .. _. ____ .... _. ___ . ____ ...... _. _ _ 60 

fornicata. __ . __ ... ___ . __ .. _ ......... __ .... _ 02 

peckhami, Delectopecten ____ ------ __ --·--------- 29 

Pecten catilliformis ___ . _. __ ..... ____ ~- ____ . ___ . 30 

nevadanus. __________ ---------- _ _____ _____ 30 

perrini-pinc-conc zone .. ------------------ 24 

pectinatum, Crucibulum ... _____ .... _ ........ _. 02 

pedroana, Astyris. ___ ... _____ . _ ... _. _ .. __ ... _. 121 

Olivella ................. ___ . __ ... ___ ..• __ 27, 121 

subpedroana., Olivella ____________________ 121,122 

Terebra .. -------- .. ____ --------- _________ . 35 

pellis-serpentis, Tegnla ________________ . _. _. _ _ _ 41 

peloronta, Nerita _________ _____ . __________ .. _ __ 45 

1Jenicillata, Psendomelatoma ....... ___________ 35, 131 

JJerpinguis, Nassar ins ____ ...... __________ ... __ 97, 9\) 

7Jer1Jonderosmn, Ceratostoma. _____ . 25, 28, 76, 77; pl. 7 

permtlgata, Turritella inezana _____ ______ ... _. _ _ 48 

Turritella ( Torcula) inezana. _. _ .. _. _ 25, 48; pl. 2 

171 

Page 

petrolia, Balcis"-··--------------------- 25,58; pl. 20 

petrosa, Bullina .•. --.....•... _ .. _. __ .• __ .. .. . 140 

Cylichna .•..... __ --- _. _ --. _ .. _. __ ... _ .... _ 140 

Cylichnina .• __ . --.. _. ______ .. . . .. • . .. • . •. . 140 

Haminoea .• ----------------- --"----- ____ _ 140 

Phos articulatus. _. ___ .•... ____ ........... _ --. 98 

dumbleana .. _ .. _______ . __ . ___ ...... .. . . .. . !l7 

dumbleanus .. _________ . ______ ..... _. _ .. __ . 32,96 

senticosus ... -----.. _. __ .. __ . _ -- _. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 97 

(Antillophos) dumbleana •• _________ ------ _ 96 

Phrontis. ___ ... _ .. __ . ___ . ___ . ___ ... _ •. ___ 90, 100, 101 

(Phrontis) harrellensis, Nassarius ............. 26,100 

ocoyanus, Nassarius _______________ 26, 100; pl. 12 

smooti, Nassarius __________________ 26, 100; pl. 12 

piercei, Bathytoma. _ .... ____ . ___ . ___ .. _. _ ... _. 130 

Pleurotoma (Bathytoma) _____ ------ .... ___ 130 

Turricula •... _. _. _ 26, 29, 30, 31, 34, 129, 130; pl. 18 

Turricula (Antiplanes) __ ----------------- 130 

planicostum, Sinum ___ ___ ... _ ...•. ___ . ____ . _.. 71 

planum, Crucibulum ... ----------------------- 62 

Plectofrondicularia miocenica zone._ •.... __ ._.. 34 

Pleuroliria ___ ___ . ____ .•.... __ .. __ . ___ .• __ ... _. 127 

Pleurotoma albida •. .... ___ . ____ . __ .. __ • ___ .. _ _ 127 

angusta .. ____ ...... ________ . _ .. _. _ ... -- _.. 136 

bottae .. __ . ___ • _ ...... __ . _. _ .. _ .. _ --•••. __ . 134 

carpenteriana. _. ____ ... _ .• _ ....• _. _ ....• _. 132 

cingulifera. _. __ . _ .... _ .. _. ___ ... __ . _. •. . • . 128 

dumblei... _. __ ... _ .. __ . __ . _ .•. _ ••. _ ... _ .. _ 96, 97 

inermis •• _. _________ . __ ....•..•......... _. 134 

olivacea. ____ • __ . _ .... __ .•.... __ . _ .. __ •.... 131 

villiersi. ____ ...... ___ .... _. _ .• _ ... _- _ ... -- 135 

(Bathytoma) keepi.._______________________ 133 

piercei. ___________________________ -· -- 130 

(Clathurella) dumbleL •. ------------------ 96 

(Dolichotoma)_________________________ 132, 133 

(Drillia) dumbleL .. ---------------------- !l6 

plicatus, Turbo .. ·----------------------------- 142 Polinices .... ____________ • __________ -------- 18, 21, 67 

albus. _______________________ ------------- 67 

andersoni. ____________ •. ________ . _ -------- 67, 68 

canalis. ___________ ------------------------ 67 

recluzianus ...... _____ -- __ . __ • __ ----------- 27 

vancouverensis ..... _____ -- ____ -----.------- 70 

victoriana _________________ 25, 28, 29, 36, 67; pl. 5 

(Euspira) victoriana_______________________ 67 

(Neveritz) recluziana alta ••. --------------- 69 

Polinicinae. _. -------------------------------- 67 

Polystira .... ___ ---- __ . ___ • -- _- --.---.--------- 127 

englishi.. _____________________ 26, 11!7, 128; pl. 17 

oxytropis ... ___ -- _______ -- _ ---------------. 128 

Polytropoa ... _ -- _ --.. ___ • __ ----------.-----.-- 84 

lima, Thais._----------------------------- 84 

Pomaulax. _ ---------------------------------- 43 

(Pomaula:r.), Astraea.------------------- 24, 43; pl. 2 

biangulata, Astraea .• ------------------- 44; pl. 2 

posoense, Epitonium (Cirsotrema) ___________ 55; pl. 3 

posoensis, Calicantharus .. --------------------- !J4 

Epitonium .•• _______ ------------.--------- 55, 56 

Kelletia ... --------------- 26, 28, 34, 91, 91!; pl. 10 

Nassarius ..... --------------------------- 29, 101 

(Phrontis)-------------------- 26, 101; pl. 12 

Siphonalia .. __ • ____ ----------.------------ 92 

(Kelletia) ----------------------------- 92 

posuncula, Natica.----------------------- 3,44,66, 07 

Natica (Naticarius).---------------- 25, 66; pl. 5 

posunculensis, Amphissa.--------------------- !l6, 97 

Antillophos _______ 26, 28,30, 31, 32, 36,96; 116; pl. 11 

Cancellaria___________________ 30, 34, 96, 106, 116 

(Coptostoma). _________________ 26, 116; pl. 15 

Potamides ....•• ------. _ ----------------------- 35 

praerupta, Crepidula ••. -------------------- 63,64,65 

precursor, Typhis.- _____ ---------------------- 83 

Pricofusus medialis ...• ______ -------_.--------- 33 

princeps, Cepidula ___________ 25, 28, 29, 63, 64; pl. 4 

Priscofusns. -----------------------. 27, 101, 102, 103 

chehalisensis. __________ ------------.----.- 103 

coli.-------------------------------------· 102 geniculus ___________ 24, 26, 28, 36,101, 102; pl. 12 
172 

Priscofusus-Continued Page 

hecoxae. __ --- ____ ------------ ___________ 102, 103 

lincolnensis. ------------------------------ 103 

medialis _________ 24, 26, 28, 29, 36, 102, 103; pl. 12 

Priscofusus oregonensis ______________________ 101,102 

(Priscofusus) corpulentus, Eusinus____________ 102 

(Priscofusus) geniculus, Fusinus__________ 101 

hecoxi, Fusinus_ _ __ ___ _______ ______ __ __ ___ 102 

lincolnensis, Fusinus______________________ 102 

(Priscofusus) medilis, Fusinus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 102 

Pristimerica_____ _____ ____ __ __ _ ___ _ _ __ __ __ __ ___ 117 

dolioides_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 117 

P roposcd new species or su bspeeics_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 36 

Psephaea ___________________________________ 104, 105 

indurata ________________________________ 104, 105 

oregonensis _______ ______________ --.-- __ _____ 104 

scowensis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 105 

weaverL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 24, 28, 33, 104, 105 

(Miopleiona)___ ________ _ ___ __ ______ __ __ __ _ 27 

indurata _______________________ 26, 105; pl. 13 

weaverj ________________________ 26,104; pl. 13 

Pseudoliva kellettiL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 94 

Pseudomelatoma_______ _ ______ ______ ______ _ ___ _ 131 

kernensis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 135 

penicillata _______________________________ 35, 131 

torosa___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 

Pseudotoma__________ _____ _ _ _ _____ _ ____ __ ___ __ 132 

condonana_ _ _ ____ __ __ __ ____ __ _ _ __ __ ____ __ _ 132 

wynoocheensis _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

Pseudotomella kernensis_ ___ __ __ ____ ______ ___ _ _ 135 

Ptycheulimella_ ____ __ __ ______ ____ ____ __ ____ ___ 147 

(Ptcheulimella) edisonensis, Turbonilla_ 27, 147; pl. 21 

punctata, Pyramidella ___ _ ---------------- ____ _ 141 

punctocaelatus, Acteon_ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ ______ _ 137 

Tornatella __________ --------------- ____ ___ 137 

punctulata, Bulla_____________________________ 138 

Purpura edmondL ___ ------------------------- 85 

lima_-------------------- _________ 84, 85,115, 116 

milicentana __________ -------------------- _ 80 topangensis _______________________________ 78,81 

trinitatensis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 85 

tubifer _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

pyramidata, Tornatella_____ __ ______ _______ _ __ _ 147 

Pyramidella_____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 141 

cooperi____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 

ochsneri_____ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 

punctata__ __ _ _______ _ ______ __ ____ ___ _ _____ 141 

(Eulimella) gabbiana______________________ 57 

ochsneri__ ____ -------- _ _ ____ ____ ____ ___ 142 

(Longchaeus) cooperL _____________ 27, 142; pl. 21 

(Syrnola) ochsneri__ ________________ 27,142; pl. 21 

Pyramidellida (Longchaeus) cooperL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 142 

Pyramidellidae__ _____ ____ ____ _ __ _______ _______ 141 

Pyrgiscus ___________________________________ 145, 146 

(Pyrgiscus), Turbonilla _______________ 27,146; pl. 21 

hormigacuesta, Turbonilla _________ 27, 146,- pl. 21 

bravoensis, Turbonilla ___________ ~ 27, 146; pl. 21 

Pyrgolampros__ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 146 

mioperplicatulus ___ ----------------------- 146 

(Pyrgolampros) mariposa, Turbonilla__________ 27, 

146; pl. 21 Pyruclia _________________________________ 35, 115,116 

(Pyruclia) lickana, Cancellaria _________ 26, 115; pl.15 

Pyrula nodi/era_-----------------------_______ 75 

Q 

quadrata, Cancellaria_________________________ 116 

R 

ramonensis, Cancellaria _____________ 109,110,111,112 

Cylichna__ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ _ _ 140 

rancherianus, Calicantharus __________ 26, 28, 93; pl.11 

Ranella mathewsoni___ ------------------------ 72,73 

rciymondi, Aequipecten_ ----------------------- 32,35 Astraea_ __ ___ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ 44 

undosa_____ __ ___ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ 44 

Astralium_____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 44 

reclusiana imperforata, Neverita________________ 68 

Neverita_ ------------------------------ 67, 68,69 

reclusianus, Neverita. ------------------------- 68 

INDEX 

Page Page 

recluziana alta, Neverita ______________ --------- 69 sequoiana, Odostomia__________________________ 143 

alta, Polinices (Neverita)__________________ 69 Odostomia (Chrysallida) ___________ 27,142; pl. 20 

Andersoni, Natica_ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ ___ 3 serpentis, Tegula pellis_ _ _ ____ ____ ____ ___ _____ _ 41 

Natica (Neverita)_____________________ 67 sespeensis, Turritella inezana __ ________________ 48, 49 

Neverita _____________________________ 2, 68, 69,70 Sigaretotrema. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 

recluzianus andersoni, Polin ices _______________ 67, 68 Sigaretus_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 

Polinices_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ _ _ 27 scopulosus _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 

renaudi, Turricula ______________________ ~ __ ___ 131 siletzensis, Cancellaria ________ ._________________ 117 

repenningi, Odostomia (Menestho)_ 27, 143, 144; pl. 21 simondsi, Oliva ______________________________ 120, 121 

reticulatus, Murex ___ ___________________ ._______ 52 simple•, Cancellaria ____ 29, 31, 34, 106, 107, 112, 113, 114 

reticulata, Voluta ________________ ~ ___ _ __ __ _ _ __ 105 Cancellaria (Euclia) ____ · ___________ 26,112; pl. 14 

richthofeni, Mitrella _________ __ ----------------- 87 simplicius, Cerithium_____ ____ __ __ __ __ ___ _ ____ _ 53 

Ricinula morus. ___ ------------------ ____ _____ 85 Sininae ________ ---· ____ __ __ ______ __ _______ _ __ _ 70 

Rictaxis_____ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 137 sinuatum, Agasoma_ ------ __ ------ ___________ 3, 4, 27 

(Rictaxis) weaveri,Acteon ____________ 27, 137; pl. 20 Sinum___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 70 

riversi, Eulima _______ ______ ------------------- 57 californicum_ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ 71 

rixfordi, Fissurella ____________________________ 27,40 debile. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 71 

rodeoensis, Ficus______________________________ 75 obliquum_______ ____ _ _ ____ __ ____ ____ _____ _ _ 71 

Rostellaria indurata_ --------------------- _____ 104 planicostum____ __ __ ____ ____ __ ____ ____ __ __ _ 71 

rostralis, Crepidula _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 29, 34, 36, 63, 64, 65; pl. 4 scopulosum _____ ______ ------ 25, 28, 36, 70,71: pl. 6 

Crypta __ _ ---------------- __ --------------- 64,65 Siphonalia_____ __ __ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___ ___ ____ _ 102 

rostrata, Crepidula_ -------------------------- _ 64 danvillensis. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 49 

Valvula___________________________________ 141 kelletii_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 91 

rotudomontana, Chrysallida_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 143 (Kelletia) posoensis ____________ -------- ___ 92 

Odostomia _______ ------------------------- 147 posoi!nsis _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 92 

(Belsa) ______ ---- __ ---------- _ 27, 143; pl. 21 n. sp. A__________________________________ 91 

rufa, Melania_________________________________ 145 Siphogenerina transversa zone.________________ 34 Rugatiscala ___________________________________ 35, 56 smooti, Nassarius ______________________ 3,31, 100,101 

(Rugatiscala) williamsoni, Opalia _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 56; pl. 3 Nassarius (Catilon) ____ ------------ __ _____ 100 

rugiferum, Opalia_ ---------------------------- 54 (Phrontis) _____________________ 26,100; pl.12 

ruginodosa, Ficus ocoyana_____________________ 75 solida, Cancellaria ___________________________ 115,116 

Ficus (Trophosycon) ocoyana ______________ 74,76 sparsicostata, Uvigerinella. ___________________ ~ 33 

rusticus, Trochus _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ __ ___ _ __ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ 41 spicata, Oliva.________________________________ 121 

rutila, Balcis _ _ _ ____ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ ___ ___ _ _ 58 spiralis, Trochita___ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 61 

spirata, Calyptraea _________ ,_______________ _ _ _ 28 

s Calyptraea (Tr.ochita) __ --------------- ____ 25,61 

sanctorum, Odostomia ______________ ------ __ _ _ _ 143 splendens, Callistoma _____ --------- _______ ~~-.- 27,42 

sanjoseensis, Cancellaria _____ -----_____________ 118 diabloensis, Calliostoma_______ __ ____ _ ___ _ _ _ 43 

sanjosei, ca'ncellaria------------------ 31, 34, 106, 118 springvaleense, Crucibulum _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 62 

Cancellaria (Barkeria) _____________ 26,118; pl. 16 stalderi, Amiantis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35 

sanjuanensis, Melongena_ --------------"""----- 27 staminea, Scala (Scalina)______________________ 56 

santacruzana, Agasoma __ ---------------- _____ 88 stanfordense, Trophosycon_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 

Bruclarkia __ ______________________________ 89,91 stanfordensis, Agasoma_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 

barkeriana _____________ 27, 28, 29, 31, 88, 89, 90 Ficus_____________________________________ 75 

santacruzanum, Agasoma barkerianum__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 88 stirtoni, Terebra ______________________ 30,125,126,127 

santana, Turritella inezana____________________ 48 Terebra (Strioterebrum) ____________ 26, 126; pl. 17 

saundersi, Epitonium _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 54 stocki, Nassarius _______________________ -_----- 99 

Epitonium (Cirsotrema)___________________ 55 striata, Bullia (Molopophorous)________________ ,95 

scabra, Bulla_________________________________ 137 strigata, Terebra _____ ___________________ -·- _ _ _ _ _ 125 

Scala (Scalina) staminea __ _ -------------- _____ 56 Strigatella_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10~ 

Scala ria australis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ · 56 strigilatum, Buccinum_________________________ 127 

commutata_ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ ____ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ 55 striolata, Mangelia______ _ _ _ _ ____ ____ __ _ _ _ _____ _ 135 

unifasciata__ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ 55 Strioterebrum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 126 

varicosa__ _ _ _ _ __ __ ___ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 54 (Strioterebrum), Terebra _______________ 26,127;p1.17 

scalarina, Columbella ___ ---------------------- 86 

scalaris, Turbo _______________ ----------_______ 54 

Scalina __ __________________________________ 35, 56,57 

diomeda, Terebra__________________________ 127 

stirtoni, Terebra ___________________ 26,126; pf. 17 

Strombina ___ __ ------- ______ ---------- _____ 35, 86,87 

brunneopictum __ ----- __ __ __ __ ____ __ _ _ __ __ _ 57 carlosensis ________________________________ 86,87 

durhami. ----------- ____ --------- 25, 56, 57; pl. 3 sp __________________________________ 25, 86; pl. 9 

ferminiana _________ ______ ----------------- 57 Stromboli beebei. _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 40 

whiteL ____________________________ 25, 30, 57; pl.3 strongi, Haminoea ______ ______ ---------------- _ 138 

scandix, Syrnola_ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ 142 subgloriosa, Cerithiopsis. ______________________ 25, 52 

Scaphander _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ ____ __ ____ _ 139 subpedroana, Olivella___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 27 

doliaris ________________________ ------ ____ _ 139 Olivella pedroana ________________________ 121,122 

jugularis _________ 27, 28, 29, 34,138, 139, 154; pl. 20 subtenta, Cyclocardia ________ ---------- _____ 28, 29,34 

Scaphandrldae_ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ ___ _ __ __ __ ___ _ _ 139 subulatum, Buccinum_ ___ ______ __ _____ __ ___ __ _ 124 

schoonerensis, Cochiolepis _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ ____ ___ 46 subulatus, Turbo ___ -------------------------__ 57 

scopulosum, Sinum. _ ---------- 25, 28, 36, 70, 71; pl. 6 sulcata, Bulla ____ ---------- ____ -~--------_____ 140 

scopulosus, Sigaretus __ ___________________ ·____ _ 70 Sulcoretusa __________________ • ___________ 35,140, 141 

scowensis, Miopleiona_ ------------------------ 104 carpenteri_ ____________ -___________ ·_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 141 

Psephaea_ _ _ __ _ __ __ ___ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ __ _ _ _ 105 israelskyi__ ____________________ 27,140, 141; pl. 20 

scriptus. Murex ____ --------------------------- 87 montereyensis ______________ ------ ___ _ __ _ _ _ 141 

scutellatum, Crucibulum _________________ 25, 62; pl. 5 xystrum ______ ____ ---.- __________ -------- ___ 141 

Searlesia __ ____________________________________ 92,93 Sulcularia __ ------------- ____________ --------- 140 

branneri. __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ 93 Surcula ophioderma. _______ ------------------- 134 dallL _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 93 Surculites (Megasurcula) keepi_________________ 133 

miocenica_ -------------------------------- 92,93 (Megasurcula) wynootcheensis __________ --- 133 

sectoris, Mactra_ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ ____ __ ____ __ _ 128 ocoyanus ___________________________ -- ____ - 74, 75 

senticosus, Phos___ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 97 Sycotypus ocoyana. _________________________ -- 75 
Page 

Syctopt£8 ocoyant£8. _. _ ••...•...........• __ ..•. 75 

Sumola oraclllima __________ ------ ______ ------- 142 

ochsneri, Pramirlella ______________ ------ ___ 27 

Pyrmniclella _____________________ 14B; pl. 21 

8Canrlix ••• ••••.•... __ .... __ •..••. _. _ _ __ _ _ _ 142 

'I' 

talea, 'l'hai81Jacki. ••••••••.••.••••• _. __ •• _ _ _ _ _ _ 84 

'l'alitU1Jhi8........ •• • • . . . . . .. . . •• . . . . . . . • . . . . . 83 

('l'ctlilU1Jhis), 'l'U1Jhi8~----....... •. • . . . •• . . . . . . . 83 lam1Jarla, 'l'yphis ____________________ 25,89; pl. 8 

'l'octlbrnnchhl. _ .•••.•.. _. ___________________ . 137 

~rectonatica. __ •.......•..•••.••.••.••• ___ . _ __ _ 66 

dall/______________________________________ 65 

('l'ectonatica) teglandae, Natica________________ 65 

terlforcll, E1Jitoninnt. ___ •. __ .. ---- ____________ . 56 

Epitoninm (Nitidisca.la) _ ....•••..•.• 25, 55; pl. 3 

teglanrlae, Ncttica ...•. ---------- __ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ 66 

Naticc' (Ncttlca) ________________________ 65; pl. 5 

('l'ectonatica) -----......•. _ .. ____ .... _ _ 65 

'l'nrrltella vanvlecki..______________________ 47 

teglanrli, Natica •• •••••••• __ .••• ______ ••• ____ • _ 65 

'l'egnla _____ •••• ___ • ____ .•••• ___ __ __ __ __ ____ __ _ 41 

aureotincta •••• ___ ••••••• _. __ •• _. ____ •. c... 41 

bmnnea /lttcttwsa. ___ •••• __ ••••. _____ •• __ _ 42 

clalli. ••••••••• _ .•• _______________ ------ ___ 41,42 

arnolclL ••••••• ~----------------------- 41,42 elegans ••••• ••••••••• ______ • _. ________ •• •• • 41 

laevls. _. _. ___ ••••• ___ •• ________ •..• _____ •• 41 

nashae •••.••••• ----•• ____ _ ___ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 41 

1Jellis-ser1Jentls _ ••••• __ ••• _ •• __ •• _____ . ___ • 41 

(Omphalins) dalli arnoldi.. ..••••••••.•. 41: pl. 1 

laev/8 ••..•••.•••...... ~--------- 25, 41; p. 1 

temblorensis, Clatllrorlrillia ..••..•• __________ •• • 134 

Cylichna ______________________ 27,139, 140; pl. 20 

Drillia •.•• __ • ___ ••• ____ • _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ __ 134 

O·phiodermella •••••••• 26,29,30,34,194,135; pl.17 'l'urritella •••• __ •• ________________ • ______ 4, 27,48 

tenttis, Orlostomia............................. 144 

Terebra •••• __ ••• ___ •• ------. _____ •••••• _ 124, 125,127 

adelairlana. ----•••• ___ ••• _____________ •• _ _ 126 

basteroti. •••••• ••• ________________________ • 126 

cooper/ ••••.••• __ ••••••. ____ 30, 32, 34, 124, 125, 126 'l'erebra _______________________ 26, 1B4: pl. 17 

jlt£cttto8a ••••• •• __ -----. _________ • ___ __ _ ___ 126 

iola ••.• ___ ••••• _. ____ • _ ____ __ __ __ __ ___ _ __ _ 126 

i801Jleura ••••••• _______ ••• ____ • _________ :. _ 126 

7Jedroana ••••..• ____ • _________ .• _. ______ ••• 35 

8tirtonL ... __ •••••••••.••• ______ • 30,125,126,127 

8trigata •••••••••••••••• ______________ •• __ . 125 

terebrina •••••••••••••• _________________ •• . 126 

Tttrbo. _ • _ ••••••. _______ • _ ••• _ ••• ____ • : • • . 46 

(Ji'ttsoterebra) arlelaidC!na .•••..•.... 26, 1~6; pl. 17 

(Strioterebmm) -------------------- 26,1B7; pl. 17 diomecla ••••••••.••••• ____________ • _ •• • 127 

8tirtonL .••.....••••.•.......• 26,1B6; pl. 17 

('l'erebra) .•••••• __ • _ •. __ •••••• __ ••• 26,1B5; pl. 17 

C001Jilri.. •••••••••••••.•........ 26,1B4; pl. 17 sp ••••....•••.. __ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ 31 

'l'erebriclae •••••••• _. __ ••• _ •••••• _ ••• _. _ •• _. _ _ _ 124 

terebrina, li'ttsttS ____ • _ • _ •••.••••••••.•• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 125 

'l'erebra •.••••••••••••• _. ____ • ______ .•••. _. 126 

'l'ereclo borings ••. ----•.• __________ ._._________ 12 

te88ellata, Cancellaria ••••••• ____________ . ___ ._. 116 

testt£dinarius, Conns ••• __________ . _______ • __ _ _ 122 

'l'hais •••••••••••••• ------. _____ ------ ___ ••• ___ 89 

blakei. ••••••• ---- ______ •• ____ •• __ __ __ __ ___ 85 

carrizoensls ••••••••••• _................... 84 

edmoncli. ••••••••• •••• __ •• __ . ___________ • _. 28,85 

etchegoinensi8 •••••••.•••••••• _____ . ______ . 78 

lena ••• ____ •• __ •••••••••.•• -----. ____ •. __ • 83 

lima ••••••••••.•. ------------------ _______ 84,85 

1Jacki. _ •••••.•••••. __ .......... __ ... 28, 29, 84,85 

talea •••••.••••.•••• _______ • ________ . _. 84 

panzana ••. ------------------------ ___ _ ___ 27 

tr01Jhonoldes •• _ •.•.•. __ .............. __ ... 79 

(Nttcella) lima ••... -------------- ____ ----- 115 

packf. __________________________ 25,84; pl. 9 

373-855 0 - 70 - 12 

INDEX 

Thai8-Continued Page 

(Polytropa) lima__________________________ 84 

(Thaisella) blakei.' __________________ 25, 85; pl. 9 

edmondi..---------------------- 25, 85; pl. 9 

SP---------------------------------------- 84 Thaisella _____ .. __ ............. _. _____ . ________ 35,85 

(Thaisella) balkei, Thais ________________ 25, 8fi; pl. 9 

edmondi, Thais _____________________ 25, 85; pl. 9 

Thaisidae ••••. ______ .... __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ ____ _ 83 

Thelio8tyla ... __ .... __ .. __ -~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ 45 

joaquinensis, Nerita _________________ 25, 45; pl. 1 

theobroma, Nucella _____ ----------------------- 83,84 

Thesbia •.. __ ...... ~- ____ .. ___________________ 53, 128 

antiselli.. •............... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 128 

ocoyana ..•.... _____ ... _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ __ _ 53 

thisbe, Trigonostoma _________________________ 119,120 

tiarula, Nassa __________ --------------------- _ 99, 100 

tinctum, Epitonium___________________________ 56 

titan, Crassostrea .... _ .. __ _ _ _ _ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 35 

Tivela ........ __ .... _ ... __ .. __________________ 18,21 

topangensis, Bittium __________________ 25,5B,53; pl. 3 

Cerithium .... ____ .. __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 52 

Ocenebra ..... ____ ..... __ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80,81; pl. 8 

Ocinebra ... __ ... _ ...... ___________________ 78, 81 

Purpura .•.. _________ --------------------- 78,81 

Turritella ocoyana ....... __ • 25, 31, 50,51 ,52; pl. 2 

Torcula ....... _______ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 48 

(Torcula), Turritella _________ ------------ ; ____ 27,48 

T·urritella .... ________ -------- _____________ 25,48 

inezana pervulgata, Turritella .• ______ 25, 48; pl. 2 

padronesensis, Turritella _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 49; pl. 2 

Tornatella punctocaelatus •. __ •... ______ ------- 137 

pyramidata.-------------------------_____ 147 tornatilis, Voluta. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 137 

torosa, Drillia. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 129 

Pseudomelatoma. __ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 131 

Tragula .••• ___________________ -------------- _ 147 

fenestrata, Turbonilla. ___ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 147 

greenllornen8i8, Turbonilla .. __ . 27, 143, 147; pl. 21 

trampasensis, Bittum__________________________ 52 

Bursa. __ .________________________________ 73 

tra8ki magdalensis, Acteon. _ ______ ______ _______ 137 

tricarinata, Trichotropis ..... _______ 25, 28, 59, 60; pl. 4 

Trichotropididac. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 59 

Trichotropis. ______________________ 24, 27, 59, 108, 112 

alienensis. _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ 59 

bicarinata .. __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 59 

dalli. • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 117 

insignia .

7 __ •••• __ •• _. _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 59 

kelseyi. _. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 59 

lomana. ____________________________ ._ _ _ __ _ 59 

oregonensis. _ _ _________ __ ____ __ __ ____ ____ _ 111 

tricarinata _____________ : _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 28, 59, 60; pl. 4 

sp. --------------------------- 25, 28,59, 60; pl. 3 Trigonostoma. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 119 

campbelli. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 119 

funiculatum •• ___________________ --------- 119 

thisbe .. _________________________________ 119, 120 

trinitatensis, Purpura ________ --------_________ 85 

Tritiaria (Antillophos) dumblei chehalisensis____ 96 

Tritonalia n. sp. A. _________ ----------_______ 80 

triton idea, Cancellaria.________________________ 106 

Trimnpllis ..... _______________ 26, 29, 35, 94, 95; pl. 11 

distorta. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 95 

Trochidae .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 41 

Trochita. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 61 

jilosa _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 60 

spiralis. _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 61 

spirata, Calyptraea ... _____________________ 25, 61 

Trochus comtlus _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 42 

dolabratus .• _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 141 

imperialis ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 43 

japonicus. _______ ---------- ______ __ ____ ___ 43 

1nagus. ___ _._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ 42 

rusticus .•. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ ____ _ 41 

umbilicaris ... _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ _ ___ _ 42 

Trophon .. _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ 81 

bar toni. ______________________________ 7 

_ _ _ 82 

cerrosensis •• _________ ...... _______ • ____ ... 81,82 

173 

Trophon-Continucd Pago 

gabbiana ........... --.... ----- ____________ 77, 79 

gabbianus ________________ ------------ __ ___ 79 

kernensis .••...... -----. 29, 30, 31, 34, 36, 81, 82, 83 

medialis .•.... --- .... __ . ________ 28, 77, 82, 83 

oregonensis ... ___ .. --... _ __ __ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 81 

(Austrotroph!Jn) kernensis •. _. _____________ 25, 81 

kernensis medialis.-------------- 25, 89; pl. 8 

(Porrer~a) gabbianum _______ ---.------------ 77 

gabbianus ...... ----. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 77 

tropho'T}oides, Ocenebra __________ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80; pl. 8 

Thais ..•... __ . ___ .... __ .. _________________ 79 

Trophosycon ........ __ ..... __ .. _______________ 73, 74 

clall:::i~::;s:~~~~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~-~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~: Ji'icus. ____ ...... _____ ... _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 5 

kerniana, Ji'icus ___________________ 25, 79, 75; pl. 6 

kernianum ____________________________ . ____ 3, 74 

Agasoma _____ __ . ______________ ~ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 2, 73 

nodiferum .... ________ .. __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 

ocoyana ___ .. _______ ... _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 

contignata, Ji'icus ______________________ 74,76 

Ji'icus __________________________ : _ _ _ _ _ _ 7 4 

ruginodosa, Ji'icus •• ·------------------- _74, 76 ocoyanum _________________________________ 74,76 

ocoyanus, Ji'icus. _____ • _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 

oreoonensis, Ji'icus __________ "-------------- 74,75 

stanfordense .... ___ . _____________ • _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 74 

tubercularis, Mttrex ...• __ _ _ _ _ _ _ ____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ 52 

tuberosa, Mitrella____ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 87 

tubifer, Purpura •. --------- ______ ------------- 83 Tumulns. _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 42 

Gibbula .. _. _. __________________________ 4B; pl. 1 

baileyi, Gibbula. _. _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ 25 

Turbinidao _______________________ -··--- __ _ ___ _ 43 

Turbo albulus ____ ______________________ • _ __ _ _ _ 143 

bicarinata •• _______ __ _ _ __ _ ___ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 59 

exoletus__ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 48 

plicatus___ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 142 

8calaris. _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 54 

subulatus~ ____________________ • ________ • _ _ 57 

terebra _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 46 

Turban co8tulata ___ __________ --------------- _ _ 145 

Turbonilla ______________________________ 145,146,147 

amortajadensi8. _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ 145 

ayamana____ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ _ _ _ 146 

bravoen8i8 ... ________________________ • _ _ _ _ _ 146 

edisonensis .. _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 147 

greenhornensis. _______________________ • _ 143, 147 

hannai. ... _____ ------------------- _ ___ ____ 145 

hormigacuesta. _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 

mariposa .•• _______________________ .______ 147 

virgo__ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 146 

(Chemnitzia) ______________________ 27, J45; pl. 21 

ham,ai. _______________________ 27, 145;.pl. 21 

(Ptycheulimella) edi8onensi8 ...... _. 27, J47; pl. 21 

(Pyrgi8cus) ________________________ 27, 146; pl. 21 

bravoen8i8. -------------------- 27, 146; pl. 21 

hormigacuesta ••• _____________ . 27, 146; pl. 21 

(Pyrgolampros) mariposa. ______ ._. 27, 146: pl. 21 

(Tragula) fenestrata .. __________ .. ____ ..... 147 

greenhornensis ___ __________ 27, 143, 147; pl. 21 

turneri, Bittium ______________________ ---~ _ __ __ 52 

Cerithiopsis. ___________________________ ... 52 

Tttrricula ... ________________________________ JB9, 130 

buwaldana .. ______________________ 26, 34, 130, 131 

jlammea _______________________________ ... 129 

libya ____________________________________ 129, 131 

ochsneri. ____________ 26, 29, 30, JB9, 130, 131; pl. 18 

piercei. __________ • 26, 29, 30, 31, 34, 129, 1 SO; pl. 18 

renaudi. _______________________ •. __ . _ .. .. . 131 

wilsoni. _____________________ •• ____ .. _. __ . 129 

(Antiplanes) piercei. _________ •• ___ . ____ .. . 130 

(Tttrricula) libya _______ • ______ . __ ••......• 129 

(Turricula), Turricula. _. __ . _____ ..•• -------.. 129 

Turriculinae. _. _______ •• ____________ .• •. . . • . . 129 

Turridae. _________ -------- ________ ----.. .. .• • 127 

Turrinae •••• __ ------ _____ . __________ •••. --... 127 
174 

Turris __ ____ ------- _--------------------------

Page 

132 

133 

102 

keepL ___________________________________ _ 

lincolnensis ______________________________ _ 

wynootcheensis_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ 133 

turrita, Columbella_ -- __ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 86 

Turritella ___________________________ 46, 47, 49, 50,52 

,blisei__ _ __ _ _ ____ __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ ___ 3, 50 

broderipiana ___________________________ 35, 46,47 

carrisaensis ____ -- __________ -- ________ ---- _ 49 

padronesensis_ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ ____ _ 48 

coo peri_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 35, 46 

freya_____________________________________ 3, 47 

gonostoma _____ _________________________ --- 47 

hemphillL _ ---------- __ -------- _______ 47 

uranti_-- ------------------------------ -~- 51 inezana _________________ 10, 24, 28, 32, 33, 46, 48,49 

zone _____ -------- __ ------------------- 24 altacorona_____ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 49 

pervulgata _________________ ----------- 48 

santana ______ __ ----------------------- 48 sespeensis ___ __________________________ 48,49 

sespeensis zone_---------------------- 24 kernensis __ ____________________ 25, 34, 46, 47; pl. 2 

moodyL _____________________ 3, 25, 30, 34, 46; pl. 2 

ocoyana ___ ___ -- ________ -- __ -_---- --------- 3, 

21, 24, 25, 29, 31, 34, 35, 46, 48, 49, 50, 

51, 62, 86, 114, 130, 151, 153; pl. 2 

bliset__ __________ ______ ------------- 31, 50,51 

topangensis ____________ 25, 31, 50,51, 52; pl. 2 

wittichL ___ -------- ___________________ 31,50 

Turritella ocoyana bosei zone __________ 24, 31 

oregonensis____ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 51 

padronesensis _____________________________ 48,49 

temblorensis ___ __________________________ 4, 27,48 

vanvleckL ___ -- ____ -- __ ---- __ -- _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 3, 47 

hemphillL _ _ _ _ _ __ ___ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ 47 

teglandae________ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 47 

variata__ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ ___ 48 

wittichL _____________________________ ----- 50 

(Torcula) _________________________________ 27,48 

inez ana______ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 25, 48 

inezana pervulgata _______________ 25, 48; pl. 2 

padronesensis __________ ---- _____ 25, 49; pl. 2 

Turritellidae_________________________________ 46 

Typhis ______ ------ ____________________ ------- 35,83 

alatus obesus __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

expansus ________ -- __ ---- __ -------------- _ 83 

lampada __________________________________ 34, 83 

latipennis___ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 83 

olssont___ _ _ __ _ _ ___ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 83 

precursor __ ------- _______ -------- __ ------- 83 ( Talityphis)_____ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ _ _ 83 

lampada __ _ -~-------- ---------- _ 25, 83; pl. 8 

INDEX 

u 

umbilicaris, Trochus ________ __________________ _ 

undosa raymondi, Astraea_ --------- __ --c------ unifasciata, Scalaria ____ ____________ -------- __ _ 

urumacoensis, Cancellaria ____________________ _ 

Uvigerinella sparsicostata ___ __________________ _ 

Uzita antiselli, Nassarius _____________________ _ 

arnoldi_ ____ -- ______ -_- __ ------------------

( Uzita), Nassarius ___ -------------------- ____ _ 

v 

Page 

42 

44 

55 

118 

33 

35 

99 

98 

vancouverense, Argobuccinum_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 73 

vancouverensis, Bursa ____ ------ ________ ------- 73 

Mediargo _______ ------------------ __ ____ __ _ 73 

Polinices_____ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ 70 

vanvlecki, Turritella______ ___ ___ __ __ _ _ ____ __ __ _ 3, 47 

hemphilli, Turritella_______________________ 47 

teglandae, Turritella_______________________ 47 

vaquerosensis, Crassostrea ______ ------------ __ _ 33 

Ostrea _____ -- __ -- __________________ ------ _ 10 

variata, Turritella __ ________ ------------ ____ ___ 48 

varicosa, Scalaria _____ ___________ --- ___ ------- _ 54 

variegata, Ficus ____ -- _____________ -----------_ 73 

veraguensis, Antillophos_______________________ 97 

Vertipecten _______ __________________ ---- ____ ___ 34 

nevadan us ___________________________ -~- __ 30,34 

vestusta, Cancellaria ____________________ ----___ 107 

vetusta, Cancellaria __________________ 106,108,112,113 

victoriana, Polinices_ ----------- 25, 28, 29, 36, 67; pl. 5 

Polinices (Euspira) _ ---------------------- 67 

villiersi, Pleurotoma ___ _________ ------ ____ ---- _ 135 

virescens, Bulla ____ --- _______ --_-------------- 138 

Haminoea ______________________ 27,34,138; pl. 20 

virgo, Turbonilla----------------------~------- 146 

visicula, Haminoea____________________________ 138 

vitellus, Nerita________________________________ 65 

Vitrinella ____________________________ -_-- --- _- 45, 46 

helicoidea ______________________ ----------- 45 

lens ____________________________ ----------- 46 

zonitoides ______________________________ --- 46 

(Vitrinellops) lens ___________________ 25,46; pl. 2 

Vitrinellidae _______ -- ____________ ------------- 45 

Vitrinellops_ ---------------------------------- 46 

vittatus, Conus ___________________________ ----_ 123 

vokesi, Natica __________________________ ------- 66 

Voluta concinna ___ ______________ -------- _ ---- _ 104 

oliva _____________________ -- __________ ---- _ 120 

reticulata __________________ --- _ ----------- 105 

tornatilis __ _______________ -- ____ ---- __ ----- 137 

Volutidae ____________________ -------- __ __ __ __ _ 104 

Volvula __ ______ ------ ____ ----------- _ ---- __ -- _ 141 

rostrata ____ ---- ________ ------------------ _ 141 

Page 

Volvulella ___ _________________________________ 35, t.U 

cylindrica __________ -- __ -- __ -- _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ 141 

gluma ___ _ ------------------------- 27, 141; pl. 20 

joaquinensis ______ _____ -- ___________ 27, 141; pl. 20 

w 

watsonae, Anachis_____ _ __ __ ____ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ ___ _ 86 

weaveri, Acteon ______________________ ------ _ _ _ 137 

Acteon (Rictaxis) __________________ 37,137: pl. 20 

Cancellaria ___ ---------------------------- 117 Miopleiona____ _ __ _ ___ _ _ __ __ ___ _ ___ _ __ ___ __ 104 

Psephaea ______________________ 24, 28, 33, 104,105 

(Miopleiona) __ ---------------- 26, 104; pl. 13 whitei, Ferminoscala_ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ ___ 57 

Scalina ____ ---------------------- 25, 30,57; pl. 3 wilkesana, Forreria____ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ 35 

Fusus (Hemifusus)_______________________ 78 

Ocenebra _____________ 25, 28, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82; pl. 7 

wilkesanus, Chicoreus (Murithais) _ _ _ ___ ____ ___ 78 

H_emifusus __ ___________________________ ~- _ 78 

williamsoni, Epitonium_ _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ _ __ _ _ 56 

Opalia ___ ______________________________ 34, 36, 56 

Opallia (Rugatiscala) ________________ 25,56; pl. 3 

wilsoni, Drillia ____ _ ---------- ____ ------------ _ 129 Turricula___ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ ____ _ ___ __ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ 129 

wittichi, Turritella _________ ---------- ______ ___ 50 

Turritella ocoyana _____ ____________________ 31,50 

wood/ordi, Calicantharus _______ 26, 29, 31, 93, 94; pl. 10 

woodringi, Antillophos _______________ 26, 28, 9h; pl. 11 

wynoocheensis, Cancellaria __________________ 110, 112 

Megasurcula _____________ 26,34,36,133,134; pl. 19 

Pseudotoma___ _ _ _ __ _ ___ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

Surculites (Megasurcula) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

Turris__ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ ___ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ 133 

X 

Xenuroturris ____ ___________________________ -- _ 11!8 

antiselli__ ___________________ 26,28,36,128; pl. 19 

cingulifera_ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ _ 128 

legitima_ _ __ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ __ _ ____ _ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ 128 

xystrum, Sulcoretusa_ _ _ _ _ __ ____ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ __ _ 141 

y 

yaquinana, Bruclarkia ______ 26,28,36,89,90,91; pl.10 

yaquinanum, Agasoma_ _ _ _ _ __ __ __ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 90 

ynezanus, Conus oweniana __________________ 123,124 

yneziana, Ostrea eldridgei__ ____________________ 28,33 

z zonalis, Cerithium ___ _____________________ -- _ _ _ 53 

zonitoides, Vitrinella___________________________ 46 

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1970 0- 373-855 
PLATES 1-21 / 
PLATE 1 

FIGURES 1, 9, 24. Diodora ( Viodora) n. sp. (p. 40). 

Length 45 mm, width 25 mm, height 15 mm. UCMP 10064. Float block from basal part of the Jewett Sand, 

early Miocene. UCMP loc. B1674. Figs. 1 and 9 are a rubber cast. 

2, 3, 5-7. Tegula (Omphalius) laevis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 41). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

2. Paratype. Height 18.7 mm, width 18.2 mm. USNM 650042. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1598. 

3, 5, 6. Holotype. Height 12.6 mm, width 17.2 mm. USNM 650043. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

7. Height 15 mm, width 16.2 mm. USNM 650044. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

4. Calliostoma sp. B. (p. 42). 

Height 9.7 mm, width 9.5 mm. USNM 650335. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 

8. Diodora? n. sp. (p. 40). 

Length 18 mm, width 11.5 mm, height 3.5 mm. UCMP 11031. Near the base of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1605. 

10, 13. Calliostoma carsoni Addicott, n. sp. (p. 42). 

Holotype. Height 16.7 mm, width 17.5 mm. UCLA 45763. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

UCLA loc. 3456. 

11. Calliostoma sp. A (p. 43). 

Height 9.3 mm, width 8.1 mm. CAS 12930. Lower part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. CAS loc. 37468. 

12, 16, 20. Gibbula (Tttmulus?) baileyi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 42). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS loc. 6065. 

12. Paratype. Height 4.9 mm, width 6.4 mm. USNM 650047. 

16. Holotype. Height 4.8 mm, width 6 mm. USNM 650048. 

20. Height 4.2 mm, width 4. 7 mm. USNM 650049. 

14, 15, 18, 19, 23. Tegula (Omphalius) dalli arnoldi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 41). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

14, 15. Paratype. Height 10.8 mm, width 14.5 mm. UCMP 11062. UCMP loc. B1599. 

18, 19. Holotype. Height 12.3 mm, width 15.7 mm. USNM 650045. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1599. 

23. Width 12.8 mm. USNM 650046. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

17, 21, 22. Nerita (Theliostyla?) joaquinensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 45). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

17. Paratype. Height 9.8 mm, width 12.1 mm. USNM 650050. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1640. 

21, 22. Holotype. Height 12.5 mm, width 13.9 mm. USNM 650051. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 1 

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DIODORA, TEGULA, CALLIOSTOMA, GIBBULA, and NERITA 
PLATE 2 

FIGURE 1. Astraea (Pomaulax) n. sp. (p. 43). 

Height 2.5 mm, width 24 mm. UCMP 11064. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1616. 

2, 3, 6-9. Astraea (Pomaulax) biangulata (Gabb) (p. 44). 

2, 3, 7-9. Upper part of the Olcese Sand or lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle :Miocene. UCMP loc. 2713. 

2, 9. Width 29.5. UCMP 11333. 

3, 7. Height 34 mm, width 31 mm. UCMP 12147. 

8. Height 19.7 mm, width 21 mm. UCMP 12148. 

6. Width 27.5 mm. UCMP 12149. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1615. 

4, 5, 10. Vitrinella (Vitrinellops) lens (Keen) (p. 4f). 

4, 10. Height 0.6 mm, width 1.5 mm. USNM 650052. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1612 . 

.5. Width 1.3 mm. USNM 650053. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

11-14. Turritella moodyi Merriam (p. 46). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

11. Height 19.9 mm, width 5.4 mm. UCMP 12150. UCMP loc. B1637. 

12. Height 25 mm, width 7.6 mm. USNlVI 650054. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

13. Height 19.6 mm, width 6.3 mm. USNM 650055. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

14. Height 12.4 mm, width 5 mm. USNM 650056. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1609. 

15. Turritella oregonensis (Conrad) (p. 51). 

16, 17, 23-

25. 

Height 14.1 mm, width 6 mm. USNM 650057. Unnamed middle Miocene formation, Coos Bay, Oreg. USGS loc. 

18284. 

Turritella kernensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 47). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

16. Paratype. Height 29 mm, width 9.6 mm. USNM 6.50058. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

17. Height 28.5 mm, width 11.4 mm. UCMP 12548. UCMP loc. B1614. 

23. Holotype. Height 20.7 mm, width 8.5 mm. USNM 650059. USGS Cenozoic loc. 1\11598. 

24. Height 15 mm, width 6.1 mm. USNM 650060. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

25. Parat,·pe. Height 8.4 mm, width 3.9 mm. USNM 650061. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

18. Turritella (Torcula) inezana pervulgata Merriam (p. 48). 

Height 58 mm, width 19 . .5 mm (specimen crushed). UCR 1301. Upper part of the Vedder Sand, Shell Oil Co. "Edison" 

2-1, 5,138 ft. UCR loc. 1301. 

19. T'urritella (Torcula?) cf. T. (T.?) padronesensis Grant and Eaton (p. 49). 

20-22, 26-

28. 

Height 18.2 mm, width 15.2 mm. UCMP 12549. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1616. 

T'urritella ocoyana Conrad (p. 49). 

20-22, 27, 28. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

20. Height 19.3 mm, width 8.6 mm. UCMP 125.50. UCMP loc. B1598. 

21. Height 12.3 mm, width .5.2 mm. USNM 650062. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

22. Immature specimen. Height 7.3 mm, width 1.9 mm. USNM 650063. USGS Cenozoic loc. M159.7. 

27. Topotype. Height 29.5 mm, width 10 mm. USNM 650064. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1689. 

28. Height 44 mm, width 16.9 mm. USNM 650065. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

26. Height 63 mm, width 18 . .5 mm. UCMP 14980. Upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. Bl588. 

29-31. Turritella ocoyana forma topangensis Merriam (p . .51). 

29. Height 31.5 mm, width 1.5.4 mm. USNM 650066. Upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. Ml60.5. 

30, 31. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

30. Height 24.7 mm, width 13.2 mm. UCMP 14993. UCMP loc. B1598. 

31. Height 88 mm, width 32 mm. USNM 650067. USGS loc. 6628. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 2 

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26 27 28 29 30 31 

ASTRAEA, VITRINELLA, and TURRITELLA 
PLATE 3 

FIGURES 1, 2, 22. Lacuna carpenteri Anderson and Martin (p. 45). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Height 6.8.mm, width 4.2 mm. USNM 650068. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

22. Height 4.9 mm, width 3.9 mm. UCMP 14994. UCMP loc. B1600. 

3, 8-12. Batillaria ocoyana. (Anderson and Martin) (p. 53). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

3. Lirate form. Height 16.9 mm, width 7.5 mm. USNM 650069. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

8. Beaded form. Height 14.3 mm, width 6.7 mm. UCMP 14995. UCMP loc. B1600. 

9, 10. Beaded form. Height 16 mm, width 7.7 mm. USNM 650070. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

11, 12. Lirate form. Height 20.7 mm, width 9.1 mm. USNM 649170. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

4-7, 13, 14. Bittium topangensis (Arnold) (p. 52). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

4,.5. Height 17.1 mm, width 6.6 mm. USNM 6.50071. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

6, 7. Height 13.2 mm, width 5.2 mm. UCMP 15423. UCMP loc. B1600. 

13, 14. Height 20.8 mm, width 7.3 mm. USNM 650072. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1599. 

15, 16, 34-37. Epitoniu~ (Cirsotrema) clallamense Durham (p .. 54). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

15, 35, 36. Height 31 mm, width 15 mm. UCMP 36533. UCMP loc. B1665. 

16. Width 11 mm. UCMP 15428 .. UCMP loc. B1665. 

34. Height 15 mm, width 7.6 mm. USNM 650073. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 

37. Height 22.6 mm, width 12.3 mm. USNM 650074. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

17, 18. Epitonium (N itidiscala) tedfordi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 55). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

17. Holotype. Height 7.8 mm, width 2.8 mm. USNM 650075. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

18. Height 4.4 mm, width 2.1 mm. USNM 650076. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

19. Epitonium (Gyroscala) barkerianum Addicott, n. sp. (p.' 55). 

Height 4.9 mm, width 2.5 mm. USNM 650077. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

20, 25-28. Scalina whitei (Keen) (p. 57). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

20. Immature specimen. Height 3 mm, width 1.7 mm. USNM 650078. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

25. Height 13.3 mm, width 5.9 mm. UCMP 15430. UCMP loc. B1638. 

26. Height 19 mm, width 7.8 mm. USNM 650079. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

27. Height 14.6 mm, width 5.6 mm. USNM 650080. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

28. Height 16.6 mm, width 7.9 mm. USNM 650081. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

21, 24. Scalina durhami (Keen) (p. 56). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

21. Immature specimen. Height 3.3 mm, width 1.7 mm. USNM 650082. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

24. Height 8.6 mm, width 4.1 mm. USNM 650083. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1611. 

23, 30, 31. Opalia (R'ugatiscala) williamsoni (Anderson and Martin) (p. 56). 

23. Height 12.4 mm, width 4.9 mm. UCMP 15447. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. 

B1599. 

30, 31. Width 3.2 mm. UCMP 1.5448. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. 

B1637. 

29, 32. Epitonium (Cirsotrema) posoense Anderson and Martin (p. 55). 

Height 24.5 mm, width 10.5 mm. UCLA 45764. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCLA loc. AC-14-34. 

33. Trichotropis sp. (p. 59). 

Width 33.5 mm. USNM 650084. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 3 

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13 

15 

16 

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20 21 

17 18 

22 

23 

24 

29 25 

26 27 28 

30 31 

32 33 34 35 36 37 

LACUNA, BATILLARIA, BITTIUM, EPITONIUM, SCALINA, OPALIA, and TRICHOTROPIS 
PLATE 4 

FIGURES 1, 4, 18. Calyptraea coreyi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 60). 

·Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

1, 4. Holotype. Height 26 mm, width 37.5 mm. USNM 650085. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

18. Paratype. Height 21 mm, width 34 mm. UCMP 15452. UC:MP loc. B1665. 

2, 3, 8, 9. Calyptraea filosa (Gabb) (p. 60). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

2. Height 25 mm, width 22 mm. USNM 650086. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

3. Height 21.9 mm, width 24.4 mm. USNM 650087. USGS loc. 6623. 

8, 9. Height 12.6 mm, width 7 mm. UCMP 15453. UCMP loc. B1683. 

5-7, 15, 17. Crepidula bractea Addicott, n. sp. (p. 62). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

5, 6. Holotype. Length 5.9 mm, width 4.5 mm. USNM 650088. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

7. Paratype. Length 17.7 mm, width 11.3 mm, height 2.3 mm. CAS 12931. CAS loc. 2064. 

15, 17. Length 4.7 mm, width 3.7 mm, height 1 mm. UCMP 15455. UCMP loc. B1598. 

10, 11, 14. Crepidula rostralis (Conrad) (p. 64). 

10, 11. Length 28.5 mm, width 17 mm, height 12.8 mm. USNM 650089. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

14. Immature specimen. Length 9.6 mm, width 6.2 mm, height 3.2 mm. USNM 650090. Upper part of the 

Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

12, 13. Trichotropis tricarinata Addicott, n. sp. (p. 59). 

Height 31 mm, width 22.3 mm. USNM 650091. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1590. 

16, 19-21. Crepidula princeps Conrad (p. 63). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

16. Length 66.5 mm, width 39 mm, height 26.5 mm. USNM 650092. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

19, 21. Length 64 mm, width 52 mm, height 26.5 mm. USNM 650093. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 

20. Length 72 mm, width 55 mm, height 38 mm. USNM 650094. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 4 

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19 20 21 

CALYPTRAEA, CREPIDULA, and TRICHOTROPIS 
PLATE 5 

FIGURES 1, 2, 20. Natica (Natica) teglandae Hanna and Hertlein (p. 65). 

1, 2. Height 19.2 mm, width 18.3 mm. USNM 650095. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene, USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1608. 

20. Height 16.1 mm, width 15.3 mm. UCMP 15456. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UC:MP loc. B1618. 

3, 4. N atica (N aticarius?) posuncula Hanna and Hertlein (p. 66). 

Height 19.1 mi:n, width 18 mm. USNM 650096. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

5, 6, 8, 9, 13. Crucibulum (Dispotaea) papulum Addicott, n. sp. (p. 62). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

5. Paratype. Height 13 mm, diameter 13.9 mm. USNM 650097. USGS loc. 6623. 

6. Holotype. Height 9 mm, diameter 11.5 mm. USNM 650098. USGS loc. 6623. 

8, 9, 13. Height 9.7 mm, diameter 10.5 mm. UCMP 15457. UCMP loc. B1638. 

7. Crepid'ula praerupta Conrad (p. f 4). 

Height 19.5 mm, diameter 35 mm. USNM 650099. Astoria Formation, Montesano quadrangle, southwestern 

Washington. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1518. 

10, 16. Crepid'ula rostralis (Conrad) (p. 64). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

10. Height 11 mm, diameter 21.1 mm. UCMP 15458. UCMP loc. B1601. 

16. Height 7.3 mm, diameter 12.7 mm. UCMP 15460. UCMP loc. B1598. 

11, 12, 15. Crucibulum cf. C. scutellat1un (Wood) (p. 62). 

Height 19.8 mm, diameter 21.5 mm. UCMP 15463. Upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1588. 

14. N atica sp. operculum. (p. 66). 

Diameter 15.5 mm. USNM 950100. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS loc. 6065. 

17, 18, 21. Polinices victoriana Clark and Arnold (p. 67). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

17. Height 20 mm, width 17.2 mm. USNM 650101. 

18. Height 18 mm, width 27.5 mm. USNM 650102. 

21. Height 23.4 mm, width 21 mm. USNM 650103. 

19, 25. Neverita (Glossaulax) alta Arnold (p. 69). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

19. Height 16.3 mm, width 14.5 mm. USNM 650104. 

25. Height 45.5 mm, width 41.5 mm. USNM 650105. 

22-24. N everita (Glossaulax) andersoni (Clark) (p. 67). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

22. Height 38.5 mm, width 42 mm. UCMP 36557. UCMP loc. B1593. 

23. Height 19 mm, width 20.9 mm. UCMP 15466. UCMP loc. B1598. 

24. Height 25 mm, width 28 mm. USNM 650106. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 5 

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2 3 

9 

5 6 7 

.. - •' 11 

'~ .. · ., - - ._·. . . . . ' 

12 13 14 16 

17 18 19 20 21 

22 23 24 25 

NATICA, CRUCIBULUM, CREPIDULA, POLINICES, and NEVERITA 
PLATE 6 

FIGURES 1, 9. Neverita (Glossaulax) n. sp.? (p. 70). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1. Height 30.5 mm, width 26.5 mm. USNM 650107. USGS loc. 6622. 

9. Height 18.8 mm, width 16.2 mm. UCMP. 15492. UCMP loc. B1638. 

2-4. Mediargo mathewsoni (Gabb) (p. 72). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

2. Height 49 mm, width 33.5 mm. USNM 650108. USGS Cenozoic loc. l\'11591. 

3, 4. Height 30 mm, width 21.7 mm. UCMP 15497. UCMP loc. B1665. 

13, 15, 17, 18. Mediargo dilleri (Anderson and Martin) (p. 72). 

13, 15, 17, 18. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

13. Height 15.6 mm, width 9.1 mm. USNM 650109. USGS Cenozoic loc. l\11602. 

15. Height 67.5 mm, width 40 mm. LACMIP 1157. LACMIP loc. 463. 

17. Diameter of fragment 26 mm. UCMP 37113. UCMP loc. B1622. 

18. Height 39.5 mm, width 22 mm. CAS 12942. CAS loc. 65. 

5-7, 11. Sinum scopulos1wL Conrad (p. 70). 

5, 6. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

5. Height 18.3 mm, width 18.9 mm. USNM 650110. USGS loc 662:2. 

6. Height 12.2 mm, width 13 mm. USNM 650111. USGS loc 6623. 

7, 11. Height 9.9 mm, width 11.8 mm. USNl\1 650112. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle l\lioccne. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

8, 10. N evert"ta (Glossaulax) jamesae Moore (p. 70). 

8. Height 22.7 mm, width 20.6 mm. UCMP LH98. Round Mountain Silt, middle l\Iiocenc. UCl\IP loc. 2713. 

10. Height 20.4 mm, width 16.5 mm. UCMP 15500. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle l\Iiocene. UCl\IP loc. 

B1624. 

12. Cymatium n. sp. (p. 72). 

Height 37 mm, width 25.5 mm. CAS 12932. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. CAS loc. 2064. 

14, 16. F'icus (Trophosycon) kerm·ana (Cooper) (p. 73). 

Height 86 mm, width 55 mm. UCMP 15543. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early l\Iiocene. UCl\IP loc. B1660. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 6 

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10 

12 

9 13 

14 15 16 

NEVERITA, MEDIARGO, SINUM, CYMATIUM, and FICUS 
PLATE 7 

FIGURES 1, 2. Ocenebra gabbiana (Anderson) (p. 79). 

Height 53 mm, width 37.5 mm. USNM 650113. Upper part of the Olccse Sand, middle Miocene. USGS loc. 6624. 

3-5, 8, 14, 17. Ficus (Trophosycon) kerniana (Cooper) (p. 73). 

3, 8, 14, 17. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

3. Height 45.5 mm, width 34.5 mm. UCMP 15546. UCMP loc. B1598. 

8. Height 35.5 mm, width 24.3 mm. USNM 650115. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1601. 

14. Height 35.5 mm, width 26.5 mm. UCMP 15919. UCMP loc. B1597. 

17. Height 57.5 mm, width 44 mm. UCMP 15988. UCMP loc. B1600. 

4. Height 43.5 mm, width 37 mm. UCMP 30121. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. B1638. 

5. Height 29 mm, width 21.5 mm. USNM 650116. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 

6, 7, 10. Forreria cancellaroides Arnold (p. 77). 

6, 7. Height 25.5 mm, width 16.2 mm. USNM 650114. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

10. Height 32 mm, width 27.5 mm, slightly crushed. UCMP 15544. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1612. 

9, 12, 13, 16. Forreria emersoni Addicott, n. sp. (p. 78). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

9. Height 23.5 mm, width 15.7 mm. USNM 650117. 

12, 13. Holotype. Height 29 mm, width 22.2 mm. USNM 650118. 

16. Height 25 mm, width 15 mm. USNM 650119. 

11. Mediargo dilleri (Anderson and Martin) (p. 72). 

Height 67.5 mm; width 40 mm. LACMIP 1157. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. LACMIP loc. 46~. 

15. Ocenebra wilkesana (Anderson) (p. 78). 

Height 38.5 mm, width 25.5 mm. UCMP 30122. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1599. 

18. Calicantharus kernensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 92). 

Height 84 mm, width 39 mm. LACMIP 1158. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. LACMIP loc 463. 

19. Ceratostoma? aff. C. perponderosum (Dall) (p. 7f). 

Height 83 mm, width 47 mm. USNM 650120. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. 

M1591. 

20. Bullina sp. (p. 137). 

Height 1.7 mm, width 1.2 mm. USNM 650336. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 7 

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2 

7 8 9 

6 

5 

10 

15 

16 17 18 19 

OCENEBRA, FICUS, FORRER! A, MEDIARGO, CALICANTHARUS, CERATOSTOMA, and BULLINA 
PLATE 8 

FIGURES 1, 2. Ocenebra cf. 0. wilkesana (Anderson) (p. 78). 

Height 22.7 mm, width 14.5 mm. USNM 650121. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 

3. Ocenebra topangensis Arnold (p. 81). 

Height 21.1 mm, width 15.7 mm. USNM 650122. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 

4, 5, 9, 10. Ocenebra trophonoides (Anderson and Martin) (p. 79). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

4, 5. Height 27mm, width 18.5 mm. UCMP 15992. UCMP loc. B1621. 

9, 10. Height 24.3 mm, width 14.4 mm. UCMP 15993. UCMP loc. B1599. 

6-8. Ocenebra clarki Addicott, n. sp. (p. 80). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

6, 7. Holotype. Height 29.5 mm, width 15 mm. UCLA 45765. UCLA loc. AC 8-34. 

} 8. Height 25.5 mm, width 13.6 mm. UCMP 30822. UCMP loc. B1599. 

11. Ocenebra wilkesana (Anderson) (p. 78). 

Height 29 mm, width 26.5 mm. USNM 650123. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1599. 

12, 13, 22-27. Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis Anderson (p. 81). 

· 12, 13, 22, 24, 25. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

12, 13. Height 25 mm, width 17 mm. USNM 650124. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1599. 

22. Height 27.5 mm, width 20.7 mm. USNM 650125. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

24, 25. Height 55.5 mm, width 43 mm. UCMP 36561. UCMP loc. B1600. 

23, 26, 27. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

23. Height 28.5 mm, width 22.3 mm. UCMP 30823. UCMP loc. B1619. 

26, 27. Height 57 .. 5 mm, width 41 mm. USNM 650126. USGS loc. 6621. 

14-16. Trophon (Austrotrophon) kernensis medialis Addicott, n. subsp. (83). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

14, 15. Holotype. Height 23 .. 5 mm, width 1.5.7 mm. USNM 650127. 

16. Height 32.5 mm, width 23.5 mm. USNM 650128. 

17. Typhis (Talityphis) lampada Keen (p. 83). 

Height 22.4 mm, width 18.1 mm. USNM 650129. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

18, 19. Ocenebra milicentana (Loel and Corey) (p. 80). 

Height 23.7 mm, width 15.1 mm. USNM 650130. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 

20, 21. Ocenebra sp. (p. 81). 

Height 27.5 mm, width 23.4 mm. CAS 12933. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. CAS loc. 37468. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 8 

3 4 5 

2 

8 

10 11 9 

6 

17 

13 14 15 16 

20 21 22 23 

18 19 

24 25 26 27 

OCENEBRA, TROPHON, and TYPHIS 
PLATE 9 

FIGURES 1-4, 19. Thais (N ucella) packi Clark (p. 84). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

1. Height 24.2 mm, width 15.5 mm. USNM 649167. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1.591. 

2, 3. Height 17.8 mm, width 13.6 mm. UCMP 32127. UCMP loc. B1665. 

4. Height 19.7 mm, width 15.1 mm. USNM 6.50131. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1.591. 

19. Height 13.7 mm, width 11.9 mm. USNM 650132. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1.591. 

5, 18. Typhis (Talityphis) lampada Keen (p. 83). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene . 

. 5. Height 27 mm, width 20.7 mm. UCLA 45766. UCLA loc. AC-13-34. 

18. Height 22.4 mm, width 18.1 mm. USNM 650133. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

6, 7. Thais (Thaisella) blakei (Anderson and Martin) (p. 85). 

Height 20.5 mm, width 11.2 mm. CAS 12934. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. CAS loc. 65. 

8, 16, 17. Mitrella (Columbellopsis) alta Addicott, n. sp. (p. 87). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

8. Height 6.1 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650134. 

16, 17. Holotype. Height 5.3 mm, width 2.2 mm. USNM 650135. 

9, 10, 21, 22. Mitrella anchuela Keen (p. 87). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

9. Height 6.8 mm, width 3.4 mm. USNM 650136. USGS Cenozoic loc. M2601. 

10. Height 6.5 mm, width 3.3 mm. USNM 650137. USGS loc. 6623. 

21. Height 5.1 mm, width 2.8 mm. UCMP 32255. UCMP loc. B1638. 

22. Height 4.7 mm, width 2.5 mm. USNM 650138. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

11, 12. Anachis (Costoanachis) watsonae Keen (p. 86). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

11. Height 11.4 mm, width 5.4 mm. USNM 650139. USGS loc. 6065. 

12. Height 12.1 mm, width 5.7 mm. USNM 650140. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

13, 23-25, 27, 28. Bruclarkia barkeriana (Cooper) (p. 88). 

13. Height 7.4 mm, width 3.9 mm, an immature specimen. UCMP 32774. Lower part of the Round Mountain 

Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1638. 

23-25, 27, 28. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

23. Height 62.5 mm, width 43 mm. UCMP 3277.5. UCMP loc. B1587. 

24. Height 48.5 mm, width 30.5 mm. USNM 166584. USGS loc. 6890. 

25. Height 46 mm, width 29 mm. UCMP 32776. UCMP loc. B1598. 

27, 28. Height 66.5 mm, width 42 mm. UCMP 36555. UCMP loc. B1600. 

14, 15. Thais (Thaisella) edmondi (Arnold) (p. 8.5). 

14. Weakly noded form. Height 23 mm, width 15.3 mm. USNM 650141. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1601. 

15. Height 16.4 mm, width 10.3 mm. UCLA 45767. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCLA loc. AC-13-34. 

20, 26. Strombina sp. (p. 86). 

Height 13.4 mm, width 6.5 mm. USNM 650142. Upper part of the Round Mountain silt, middle Miocene 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1605. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 9 

4 5 

1 2 3 

10 11 12 

8 9 

6 7 

13 14 

23 

18 19 20 

24 25 26 27 28 

THAIS, TYPHIS, MITRELLA, ANACHIS, BRUCLARKIA, and STROMBINA 
PLATE 10 

FIGURES 1, 2, 5, 9. Bruclarkia barkeriana forma santacruzana (Arnold) (p. 88) 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Height 35 mm, width 21.3 mm. UCMP 32806. UCMP loc. B1603. 

5. Body whorl slightly crushed. Height 46 mm, width 28.5 mm. UCMP 365.56. UCMP loc. B1598. 

9. Height 42 mm, width 24.2 mm. USNM 650143. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

3, 7, 10. Bruclarkia barkeriana (Cooper) (p. 88). 

Weakly sculptured form. 

3, 7. Height 46 mm, width 33 mm. UCMP 32807. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. 

B1646. 

10. Height 38.5 mm, width 27.5 mm. USNM 650144. Lower part of the Saltos Shale Member of the Monterey 

Shale, middle Miocene, Caliente Range, San Luis Obispo County. USGS Cenozoic lo.c. M2898. 

4, 14-16. Bruclarkia oregonensis (Conrad) (p. 90). 

4. Height 43 mm, width 27 mm. UCMP 32832. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. 

B1593. 

14. Height 34.5 mm, width 22 mm. USNM 650145, a rubber mold. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1593. 

15, 16. Unnamed middle Miocene formation, Coos Bay, Oreg. USGS loc. 18284. 

15. Height 31 mm, width 24.5 mm. USNM 650147. 

16. Height 31 mm, width 21.9 mm. USNM 650148. 

6. Calicantharus woodfordi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 93). 

Paratype. Height 51 mm, width 28.5 mm. USNM 650146. Upper part of the Olcose Sand, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

8, 12, 13. Bruclarkia yaquinana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 90). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

8. Height 32.5 mm width 27 mm. USNM 650149. 

12. Height 35.5 mm width 23.5 mm. USNM 650150. 

13. Height 31.5 mm width 23.4 mm. USNM 650151. 

11, 17. Kelletia lorata Addicott n. sp. (p. 91). 

Holotype. Height 33.5 mm width 15 mm. UCMP 32834. Upper part of tho Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1598. 

18, 19. Calicantharus kernensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 92). 

Height 63 mm, width 30.5 mm. UCMP 32839. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. 

B1623. 

20, 21. Kelletia posoensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 92). 

Height 68 mm, width 35 mm. USNM 650l52. Basal part of tho Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1591. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 10 

4 5 

3 

1 

10 

8 9 

7 

6 

13 14 15 16 

12 

11 

17 18 19 20 21 

BRUCLARKIA, CALICANTHARUS, and KELLETIA 
PLATE 11 

FIGURES 1-4. M olopophorus anglonanus (Anderson) (p. 95). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle .Miocene. 

1. Height 33 mm, width 21 mm. UCMP 36562. UClVIP loc. B1598. 

2, 3. Height 22.7 mm, width 14.5 mm. UCMP 32851. UCMP loc. B1598. 

4. Height 21.3 mm. width 13.7 mm. USNM 650153. USGS Cenozoic loc .. M1597. 

5, 20, 21. Calicantharus wncherianus Addicott, n. sp. (p. 93). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

5. Height 27 mm, width 14.7 mm. USNl\1 650154. 

20. Height 25.5 mm, width 13.1 mm, USN.M 650155. 

21. Holotype. Height 22.5 mm, width 11.4 mm. USNM 650156. 

6, 8-11, 13, 28. Antillophos posunculensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 96). 

6. Height 23.3 mm, width 10.9 min. USNM 650157. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene, Grays Harbor County, 

Wash. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1495. 

8, 11. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

8. Height 18.4 mm, width 8 mm. UClVIP 32852. UC.MP loc. B1598. 

11. Height 12 mm, width 5.6 mm. USNM 650158. USGS Cenozoic loc . .l\11597. 

9, 10, 13, 28. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

9, 10. Height 19.6 mm, width 8 mm. USN.lVI 650159. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

13. Height 6.9 mm, width 3.4 mm. UC.MP 33014. UCMP loc. B1637. 

28. Height 27.5 mm, width 11.7 mm. USNM 650163. USGS Cenozoic loc . .l\11613. 

7, 12, 14, 19, 22. Antillophos woodringi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 98). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

7. Height 16 mm, width 8 mm. USNM 650164. 

12, 19. Holotype. Height 11.6 mm, width 5.5 mm. USN.M 650165. 

14. Height 4.3 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650166. 

22. Height 5.5 mm, width 2.7 mm. USNM 650167. 

15, 16. Morula ( 111 orunelia) granti Addicott, n. sp. (p. 86). 

Holotype. Height 10.5 mm, width 4.9 mm. USNM 650160. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. l\11597. 

17, 18. Calicantharus woodfordi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 93). 

Holotype. Height 35.5 mm, width 18.3 mm. USNM 650161. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

23, 24. Triumph is? n. sp. (p. 95). 

Height 18 mm, width 13.3 mm. UCLA45768. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCLA loc. MB1400. 

25-27. Macron aethiops (Reeve) (p. 94). 

Lower part of the Olcese. Sand, middle Miocene. 

25. Height 23.7 mm, width 18.9 mm. SUPTC 9940. SU general specimen 26854. 

26, 27. Height 21.8 mm, width 15 mm. UCLA 45769. UCLA loc. MB1400. 

29. Kelletia cf. K. posoensis (Anderson and Martin)" (p. 92). 

Height 52.5 mm, width 30 mm. UCLA 45770, a rubber cast. Lower part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

UCLA loc. WR163. 

30. Calicantharus cf. C; kettlemanensis (Arnold) (p. 94). 

Height 58.5 mm, width 46 mm. USNM 650162. Lower i)art of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS 

loc. 6063. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 11 

6 

13 

20 

4 

2 3 

11 

8 9 10 

7 

14 

15 16 17 18 

21 22 23 24 

27 28 29 30 

MOLOPOPHORUS, CALICANTHARUS, ANTILLOPHOS, MORULA, TRIUMPHIS?, 

MACRON, and KELLETIA 

5 

12 

19 

25 
PLATE 12 

FIGURE 1. Nassarius (Phrontis?) posoensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 101). 

Holotype. Height 10.5 mm, width 7 mm. USNM 650168, a rubber cast. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1593. 

2. Nassarius (Phrontis) cf. N. (P.) smooti Addicott (p. 100). 

Height 13.:'5 mm, width 8.5 mm. USNM 650169, a rubber cast. Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

3, 4, 7, 12-15. Nassarius (Catilon) arnoldi (Anderson) (p. 98). 

3, 4, 13, 14, Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

3, 4. Height 7 mm, width 4.5 mm. USNM 648575. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

13. High spired form. Height 7.5 mm, width 4.2 mm. USNM 650170. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

14. Height 10.2 mm, width 6.1 mm. USNM 650171. USGS loc. 3886. 

7, 12, 15. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

7. Height 6.9 mm, width 4.3 mm. USNM 650172. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

12. Neotype. Height 7.2 mm, width 4.6 mm. USNM 648577. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

15. Height 7 mm, width 4.5 mm. UCMP 33016. UCMP loc. B1598. 

5, 6. Nassarius (Phrontis) harrellensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 100). 

Hoiotype. Height 11.8 mm, width 6.7 mm. USNM 650173. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene. USGS loc. 3886. 

8-11. Nassarius (Phrontis) smooti Addicott (p. 100). 

Upper part of tho Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

8, 9. Holotype. Height 7.3 mm, width 4.2 mm. USNM 648578. 

10. Height 8.9 mm, width 5.3 mm. USNM 648579. 

11. Height 5.8, width 4.3. USNM 650174. 

16. Undetermined gastropod. 

Height8.5mm, width4.5mm. UCR 1199. OlceseSandof Matthews (1955), middle Miocene. Mobil Oil Co. [General 

Petroleum] well "Seale" 5-10, sec. 5, T. 30 S., R. 29 E., 3,891 ft. VCR loc. 1199. 

17-19. Nassarius (Phrontis) ocoyanus (Anderson and Martin) (p. 100). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1637. 

17. Height 10.5 mm, width 4.9 mm. UCMP 15082. 

18, 19. Height 10.2 mm, width 5 mm. UCMP 15081. 

20, 23-25, 27. Priscojusus medialis (Conrad) (p. 102). 

20, 23, 24, 27. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

20. Height 42 mm, width 20.1 mm. USNM 650175. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

23. Height 35.5 mm, width 20.8 mm. UCMP 33017. UCMP loc. B1665. 

24. Height 21.4 mm, width 12.6 mm. USN M. 650176. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 

27. Height 48.5 mm, width 24.2 mm, slightly crushed. USNM 650177. USGS Cenozoic loc. l\11591. 

25. Height 24.2 mm, width 11.9 mm. UCR 1306. Freeman-Jewett Silt of Matthews (1955), Shell Oil Co. well 

"Edison" 2-1, 4,385 ft. UCR loc. 1306. 

21, 22, 29. Priscofusus geniculus (Conrad) (p. 101). 

21, 22. Basal part of the Je"ett Sand; early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M. 1591. 

21. Height 42.5 mm, width 30.5 mm, slightly crushed. USNM 650178. 

22. Height 36.5 mm, width 24.5 mm, slightly crushed. USNM 650179. 

29. Height 18 mm, width 9 mm. USNM 3552. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. Astoria, Oreg. 

26, 28, 30. Priscofusus geniculus (Conrad) axial ribbed form (p. 101). 

26, 28. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

26. Height 49.5 mm, width 28 mm, slightly crushed. USNM 650180. 

28. Height 55 mm, width 30 mm, slightly crushed. USNM 650181. 

30. Height 42 mm. USNM 3517, a rubber cast. Astoria Formation, middle Miocene. Astoria,. Oreg. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 12 

2 3 4 5 6 

11 12 

7 8 

9 10 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 

24 25 

22 

23 

21 

20 

26 28 29 30 

NASSARIUS and PRISCOFUSUS 
PLATE 13 

FIGURES 1-5, 10. Cancellaria (Euclia) condom Anderson (p. 107). 

1, 2. Height 15.1 mm, width 9.5 mm. UCMP 33019. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene 

UCMP loc. Bl618. 

3-5, 10. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

3, 4. Height 20.9 mm, width 12.2 mm. USNM 650182. USGS Cenozoic loc. Ml597. 

5, 10. Height 42.5 mm, width 26 mm. UCMP 33349. UCMP loc. B1600. 

7, 9, 12, 14. Cancellaria (Euclia) dalliana Anderson (p. 108). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

7. Height 26 mm. width 24.6 mm. UCMP 36558. UCMP loc. B1598. 

9, 12. Height 40 mm, width 27 mm. UCMP 33375. UCMP loc. B1587. 

14. Height 15.6 mm, width 9.7 mm. UCMP 33476. UCMP loc. B1598. 

6, 8. Psephaea (M iopleiona) cf. P. (M.) indurata (Conrad) (p. 105). 

6. Height 52 mm, width 20 .. 5 mm. UCMP 12136, a rubber cast. Monterey Group of Wagner and Schilling 

(1923), early Miocene. UCMP loc. 3229. 

8. Height 37.5 mm, width 29 mm. UCR 1305, a rubber cast. Freeman-Jewett Silt of Matthews (1955), early 

Miocene. Shell Oil Co. "Edison" 2-1, sec. 33, T. 29 S., R. 29 E., 4,657 ft. UCR loc. 1305. 

11, 13, 16, 18. Mitra (Atrimitra) andersoni Addicott, n .. sp. (p. 103). 

11, 13. Holotype. Height 49 mm, width 19 mm. USNM 650183. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, Middle 

Miocene. USGS loc. 6641. 

16, 18. Height 39.5. mm, width 22.2 mm. UCMP 33479. Upper part of the Olcese (?) Sand, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. 2714. 

15, 17. Psephaea (Miopleiona) weaveri.(Tegland) (p. 104). 

Height 101 mm, width 42 mm. USNM 650184, slightly crushed. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

19. Psephaea (Miopleiona) cf. P. (M.) weaveri (Tegland) (p. 104). 

Height 73 mm, width 29.5 mm, crushed. USNM 650185. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc .. M1591. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 13 

3 4 

7 9 

8 

6 

12 

11 13 

15 16 17 18 19 

CANCELLARIA, PSEPHAEA, and MITRA 
PLATE 14 

FIGURES 1, 2, 6, 7, 16. Cancellaria (Euclia) circumspinosa Addicott, n. sp. (p. 110). 

1, 6, 7. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1. Height 16.6 mm, width 11.9 mm. USNM 650186. USGS loc. 3886. 

6, 7. Holotype. Height 18.8 mm, width 11.5 mm. USNM 650187. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. ". 

2, 16. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

2. Height 27.5 mm, width 20.8 mm. UCMP 33480. UCMP loc .B1601. 

16. Height 9.3 mm, width 5.8 mm. UCMP 33481. UCMP loc. B1624. 

3, 11. Cancellaria (Euclia) dalliana Anderson (p. 108). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

3. Height 19.5 mm, width 14.3 mm. USNM 650188. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

11. Height 11 mm, width 6.7 mm. UCMP 33483. UCMP loc. B1598. 

4, 5, 8, 9. Cancellaria ( Euclia) ocoyona Addicott, n. sp. (p. 110). 

4. Height 18.3 mm, width 16.7 mm. USNM 650189, a rubber mold. Lower part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1593. 

5. Holotype. Height 26.5 mm, width 17.5 mm. UCMP 33484. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1618. 

8, 9. Height 11.7 mm, width 7.5 mm. UCMP 33485. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle l\1iocene. 

UCMP loc. B1598. 

10. Cancellaria (Euclia) condoni Anderson (p. 107). 

Height 11.2 mm, width 6.9 mm. USNM 650190. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

12. Cancellaria (Euclia) oregonensis Conrad (p. 111). 

Height 17;9 mm, width 13.2 mm. UCMP 33577. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. B1641. 

13-15, 17, 18, 24, 25. Cancellaria (Euclia) simplex Anderson (p. 112). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

13, 14. Height 24.6 mm, width 16.9 mm. USNM 650191. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

15. Height 23.8 mm, width 16.8 mm. USNM 650192. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

17. Height 26.5 mm, "'idth 18.4 mm. USNM 166593. USGS loc. 6890. 

18. Height 20 mm, width 12.5 mm. UCMP 33711. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. B1624. 

24, 25. Height 47.5 mm, width 34.5 mm. CAS 12935. CAS loc. 65. 

19, 20, 27. Cancella1ia (Euclia) simplex Anderson strong]y sculptured form (p. 112). 

19, 27. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

19. Height 24.4 mm, width 17.5 mm. USNM 650193. 

27. Height 43 mm, width 26 mm. USNM 650194. 

20. Height 17.4 mm, width 12.2 mm. USNM 650195. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt., middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

21. Cancellaria (Euclia) simplex Anderson weakly· sculptured form (p. 112). 

Height22.6mm, width 17.7 mm. USNM 650196. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

22, 23, 26. Cancellaria (Euclia) joaquinensis Anderson (p. 113). 

Upper part of the. Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

22, 23. Height 24.1 mm, width 18.3 mm. USNM 650197. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1601. 

26. Height 31.5 mm, width 28.5 mm. UCMP 33731. UCMP loc. B1622. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 14 

1 2 3 4 5 

7 

8 9 

10 11 

17 

12 13 14 15 16 

22 23 

20 21 

18 

19 

24 25 26 27 

CAN CELLAR! A 
PLATE 15 

FIGURES 1-3, 9, 10. Cancellaria (Pyruclia) lickana Anderson and Martin (p. 115). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Height 19.5 mm, width 16 mm. USNM 650198. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1599. 

3. Height 15.6 mm, width 10.9 mm. UCMP 33735. UCMP loc. B1600. 

9, 10. Height 23.4 mm, width 16 mm. USNM 650199. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

4, 5. Cancellaria (Euclia) joaquinensis Anderson (p. 113). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

4. Height 25.5 mm, width 19.4 mm. UCMP 33738. UCMP loc. B1597. 

5. Height 23.3 mm, width 20.4 mm. UCMP 33760. UCMP loc. B1624. 

6-8, 17. Cancellaria (Euclia?) nevadensis Anderson and Martin (p. 114). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

6. Height 30 mm, width 18.1 mm. USNM 650200. USGS loc. 6641. 

7, 8. Height 13.5 mm, width 7.4 mm. USNM 650201. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

17. Height 17.5 mm, width 11.5 mm. UCMP 33795. UCMP loc. B1611. 

11-13, 23, 27. Cancellaria dalli Anderson and Martin (p. 117). 

11. Height 12.6 mm, width 7.3 mm. USNM 650202. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

12, 13, 23, 27. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

12, 13. Height 7.9 mm, width 4.5 mm. USNM 650203. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

23. Height 5.9 mm, width 3.7 mm. USNM 650204. USGS Cenozoic loc. M2601. 

27. Height 8.8 mm, width 4.2 mm. UCMP 33803. UCMP loc. B1638. 

14-16, 28, 29. Cancellaria (Euclia) pacifica Anderson (p. 114). 

14, 15, 28, 29. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

14, 15. Neotype. Height 21.7 mm, width.13.1 mm. USNM 650205. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

28. Height 23.3 mm, width 12.3 mm. UCMP 33804. UCMP loc. B1600. 

29. Height 26 .. 5 mm, width 14.5 mm. UCMP 33805. UCMP loc. B1622. 

16. Height 10.3 mm, width 6.4 mm. USNM 650206. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

18-21. Cancellaria (Crawfordina) kernensis Addicott n. sp. (p. 117). 

18, 19. Holotype. Height. 13.4 mm, width 7.8 mm. USNM 650207. Lower part of the Round Mountain 

Silt, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

20, 21. Height 11.5 mm, width 7 mm. CAS 12936. CWOD "Alford" 1, sec. 35, T. 27 S., R. 27 E. Santa Margarita Formation, late Miocene .. CAS loc .. 28790. 

22, 24-26. Cancellaria (Coptostoma) posunculensis Anderson and Martin (p. 116). 

Upper part of tlw Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

22. Height 6.4 mm, width 3.2 mm. UCMP 33~11. UCMP loc. B1624. 

24, 25. Height 15.2 mm, width 7.5 mm: USNM 650208. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

26. Height 13.1 mm, width 6.1 mm. UCMP 33829. UCMP loc. B1598. 

·-, 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

2 

6 7 8 

12 13 

18 19 

24 25 26 

3 

9 

20 

27 

CANCELLARIA 

21 

PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 15 

5 

10 11 

16 17 

23 

22 

28 29 
PLATE 16 

FIGURES 1-4, 18, 19. Cancellaria keenae Addicott, n. sp. (p. 119). "' 

Low~r part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Holotype. Height 14.7 mm, width 7.5 mm. UCLA 45771. UCLA loc. AC-2-34. 

3, 4. Height 16 mm, width 7.5 mm. UCMP 33840. UCMP loc. BI638. 

18, 19. Height 9.8 mm, with 6.3 mm. USNM 650209. USGS loc. 6065. 

5, 11, 21, 22. Cancellaria (Barkeria) sanjosei Anderson and Martin (p. 118). 

Upper part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

5. Height 21.3 mm, width 10.9 mm. USNM 650210. USGS Cenozoic loc. MI605. 

11. Height 24.1 mm, width 13.6 mm. UCMP 33847. UCMP loc. BI588. 

21, 22. Height 16.4 mm, width 11.4 mm. USNM 650211. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1605. 

6-10. Cancellaria galei Addicott, n. sp. (p. 119). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

6. Height 38 mm, width 27.5 mm.USNM 650212. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

7. Paratype. Height 39 mm, width 31 mm. USNM 650213. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

8, 9. Holotype. Height 26.8 mm, width 17.5 mm. USNM 650214. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 

10. Rubber cast of external mold of holotype. 

12-16. Cancellaria (Narona) birchi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 118). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

12. Height 11.5 mm, width 6.3 mm. USNM 650215. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

13, 14. Holotype. Height 11.9 mm, width 6.3 mm. UCMP 33859. UC.MP loc. BI637. 

15, 16. Height 9.7 mm, width 4.6 mm. USNM 650216. USGS Cenozioc loc. M1613. 

17, 26-30. Oliva (Oliva) californica Anderson (p. 120). 

17, 27. Slender form. Lower .part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

17. Height 17 mm, \vidth 6.8 mm. USNM 650217. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

27. Height 26 mm, width 12.8 mm. UCMP 15507. UC:MP loc. 2713. 

26, 28-30. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

26. Height 18.2 mm, width 10.5 mm. USN.M 650218. USGS Cenozoic loc. MI597 . 

. 28, 29. Height 27 mm, width 17.3 mm. UCMP 36560. UCMP loc. Bl.600. 

30. Height 22.6 mm, width 14.7 mm. UCMP 33861. UCMP loc. B1600. 

20. Cancellaria (Euclia) ocoyana Addicott, n. sp. (p. 110). 

Height ·9.2 mni, width 6 mm. USN.M 650219. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic lo·c. l\11597. 

23. Cancellm·ia (Euclia) oregonensis Conrad (p. Ill). 

Height 27 mm, width 19 mm. USNM 5.63213. Unnamed middle Miocene formation, Coos Bay, Oreg. 

USGS loc. 18284. 

24. Conus (Lithoconus) hayesi Arnold .(p. 124). 

Height 62 mm, width 47 mm. USNM 650220. Upper ·part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS loc. 6611. 

25. Oliva (Oliva) n. sp.? (p·. 121). 

Height 26.5 mm, width 20.2 mm. UCMP 33871. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP 

lac. B1587 .. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 16 

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1 2 5 

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7 9 

17 18 

15 16 

12 14 

23 

21 22 

20 

25 26 27 28 29 30 

CANCELLARIA, OLIVA, and CONUS 
PLATE 17 

FIGURES 1-8, 32, 37. Conus (Chelyconus) owenianus Anderson (p. 122). 

1, 5-8, 32, 37. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1. Height 26.5 mm, width 14.3 mm. USNM 650221. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

5. Stout form. Height 19.3 mm, width 13.3 mm. USNM 650222. USGS loc. 6622. 

6. Slender form. Height 22 mm, width 10.9 mm. UCMP 36932. UCMP loc. B1637. 

7. Slender form. Height 24.7 mm, width 11.6 mm. USNM 650223. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1618. 

8. Height 15.9 mm, width 9 mm. USNM 650224. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. ", 

32. Height 7.2 mm, width 3.1 mm. UCMP 36933. UCMP loc. B1637." 

· 37. Stout form. Height 20 mm, width 14 mm. USNM 650225. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

2-4. Height 23.8 mm, width 13.2 mm. UCMP 36934. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1600. 

9, 13. Olivella (Olivella) ischnon Keen (p. 121). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

9. Height 10 mm, width 3.9 mm. UCMP 36935. UCMP loc. B1598. 

13. Height 7.2 mm, width 3.1 mm. USNM 650227. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

10. Olivella sp. (p. 121). 

Height 16.4 mm, width 7.6 mm. USNM 650226. Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1591. 

111 12, 20. Terebra (Strioterebrum) stirtoni Addicott, n. sp. (p. 126). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

11. Height 12.6 mm, width 3.9 mm. USNM 650228. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

12. Height 13.3 mm, width 3.8 mm. USNM 650229. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

20. Holotype. Height 26 mm, width 7.8 mm. USNM 650330. USGS loc. M1613. 

14, 15. Terebra (Strioterebrum) n. sp.? (p. 127). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

14. Height 7.6 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650230. 

15. Height 6.0 mm, width 2.1 mm. USNM 650231. 

16, 17. Terebra (Fusoterebra?) adelaidana Addicott, n. sp. (p. 126). 

Holotype. Height 16.4 mm, width 4.9 mm. USNM 650232. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

18, 19, 30. Terebra (Terebra) n. sp. (p. 125). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

18, 19. Height 18.9 mm, width 4.7 mm. USNM 650233. 

30. Height 16.4 mm, width 2.7 mm. USNM 650234. 

21, 27, 31, 33-35. Terebra (Terebra) cooperi Anderson (p. 124). 

21, 27, 31, 33, 34. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

21. Height 24.1 mm, width 7.4 mm. USNM 650235. 

27, 33. Height 42.5 mm, width 11.6 mm. USNM 650236. 

31. Height 11.4 mm, width 2.5 mm. USNM 650237. 

34. Height 44.5 mm, width 12.4 mm. USNM 650238. 

35. Stout form. Height 21 mm, width 7.9 mm. USNM 650239. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

22. Ophiodermella temblorensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 134). 

Height 12.8 mm, width 5 mm. UCMP 36937. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1638. 

23-26. Hastula gnomon Keen (p. 127). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

23. Height 15.8 mm, width 4.5 mm. USNM 650240. USGS loc. 6641. 

24, 25. Height 14.2 mm, width 4.4 mm. USNM 650241. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

26. Height 13.8 mm, width 4.1 mm. UCMP 36938. UCMP loc. 2716. 

28, 29, 36, 38, 39. Polystira englishi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 127). 

28, 29, 38, 39. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. CAS loc. 2064. 

28, 29. Paratype. Height 24 mm, width 9.4 mm. CAS 12937. 

38, 39. Holotype. Height 59.5 mm, width 21.5 mm. CAS 12938. 

36. Height 28 mm, width 14.7 mm. UCMP 36939. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene 

UCMP loc. 2716. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 17 

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2 4 

8 

7 10 11 

12 

6 

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 

22 23 

32 

31 

24 26 27 

28 29 

33 34 35 36 37 38 39 

CONUS, OLIVELLA, TEREBRA, OPHIODERMELLA. HASTULA, and POLYSTIRA 
PLATE 18 

FIGURJ!]S 1-3, 6, 12, 13. Turricula ochsneri (Anderson and Martin) (p. 129). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Weakly noded form. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

1. Height 36.5 mm, width 13.7 mm. USNM 650242. 

2. Height 33.5 mm, width 12.8 mm. USNM 650243. 

3. Strongly noded form. Height 32 mm, width 12.5 mm. USNM 650244. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

6. Weakly noded form. Height 28.5 mm, width 16.1 mm. USNM 650245. USGS loc. 6641. 

12, 13. Strongly noded form. Height 26.5 mm, width 16.6 mm. UCMP 36940. UCMP loc. B1637. 

4, 5, 7-9. Turricula piercei (Arnold) (p. 130). 

4, 5. Height 33.5 mm, width 12.5 mm .. UCMP 37091. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1586. 

7-9. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

7. Height 26 mm, width 9.6 mm. USNM 650246. USGS loc. 6624. 

8. Height 24.1 mm, wiclt:-1 9.1 mm. USNM 650247. USGS loc. 6063. 

9. Height 22.8 mm, width 8 mm. UCMP 37092. UCMP loc. B1638. 

10, 11, 18, 19. Turricula? buwaldana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 130). 

10, 18, 19. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

10. Height 17.1 mm, width 6.4 mm. USNM 650248. USGS loc. 3886. 

18. Height 20.3 mm, width 7 mm. USNM 650249. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

19. Height 15.2 mm, width 5.5 mm. USNM 650250. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

11. Height 19 mm, width 7.5 mm. USNM 650251. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

14. Turricula? cf. T. buwaldana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 130). 

Height 31.5 mm, width 12.6 mm. CAS 12941. Superior Oil Co. Crome Community well 1, sec. 36, T. 29 S., 

R. 28 E. 4,949-5,957 ft. Edison Shale of Cushman and Goudkoff (1938), middle Miocene. CAS loc. 28909. 

15, 16, 20. M egasurcula keepi (Arnold) (p. 133). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

15. Height 44 mm, width 23.3 mm. CAS 12939. CAS loc. 68. 

16. Height 42 mm, width 23.3 mm. USNM 650252. USGS loc. 6623. 

20. Height 34.5 mm, width 18.8 mm. USNM 650253. USGS loc. 6622. 

17, 21-23. M egasurcula howei Hanna and Hertlein (p. 132). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

17. Height 36 mm, width 23.6 mm. USNM 650254. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

21. Height 24.2 mm, width 12.3 mm. UCMP 37093. UCMP loc. B1593. 

22, 23. Height 28.5 mm, width 19.4 mm. UCMP 36560. UCMP loc. B1597. 

24. K nf:,jastia garcesana Addicott, n. sp. (p. 131). 

Holotype. Height 60 mm, width 25 mm. USNM 650255, a rubber cast. Upper part of the Round Mountain 

Silt, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1607. 

.... I 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 18 

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3 4 5 

1 

11 12 13 

10 

9 

7 

17 19 

16 18 

14 

15 

20 21 22 23 24 

TURRICULA, TURRICULA?, MEGASURCULA, and KNEFASTIA 
PLATE 19 

FIGURES 1, 2, 14. M egasurcula wynoocheensis (Weaver) (p. 133). 

1. Height 43 mm, width 21.4 mm. USNM 650256. Upper part of the Astoria Formation, middle Miocene, 

Wynoochee Valley quad., southwestern Washington. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1539. 

2. Height 20.5 mm, width 11.3 mm. UCMP 37094. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1618. 

14. Height 35 mm, width 15.6 mm. UCMP 15906. Upper part of the Olcese Sand or Round Mountain Silt. 

UCMP loc. 2713. 

3, 15. X enuroturris antiselli (Anderson and Martin) (p. 128). 

3. Height 10.7 mm, width 5.6 mm. SUPTC 9942. Top of the Olcese Sand. SU general specimen no. 29501. 

15. Height 12.5 mm, width 6 mm. USNM 650257. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

4. Turricula? buwaldana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 130). 

Height 16.5 mm, width 6.1 mm. USNM 650258. Lower part of the Round Nountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS loc. 3886. 

5-7, 9-13, 16. Ophiodermella temblorensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 134). 

5-7, 9-11, 16. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

5. Reticulate form. Height 15 mm, width 6.1 mm. USNM 650259. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

6. Reticulate form. Height 4.4 mm, width 1.6 mm. USNM 650260. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1.597. 

7. Spirally sculptured form. Height 15.1 mm, width 6.4 mm. USNM 650261. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

9. Spirally sculptured form. Height 17.3 mm, width 6.4 mm. USNM 650262. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

10, 11. Reticulate form. Height 14.5 mm, width 5.6 mm. UCMP 37095. UCMPloc. B1598. 

16. Spirally sculptured form. Height 12.8 mm, width 5 mm. UCMP 36937. UCMP loc. B1624. 

12, 13. Reticulate form. Height 9.5 mm, width 4.1 mm. UCMP 37096. UCMP loc. B1638. 

8, 17, 18. M egasurcula condonana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 132). 

Basal part of the Jewett Sand, early Miocene. 

8. Height 20 mm, width 13 mm. CAS 12940. CAS loc. 37468. 

17, 18. Height 32 mm, width 18.3 mm. USNM 650263. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1590. 

19, 33-36. Glyphostoma carinata Addicott, n. sp. (p.136). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

19. Height 4.7 mm, width 2.2 mm. UCMP 37097. UCMP loc. B1598. 

33, 34. Holotype. Height 8.4 mm, width 4.1 mm. UCMP 37098. UCMP loc. B1586. 

35, 36. Paratype. Height 9.1 mm, width 4.2 mm. UCMP 37099. UCMP loc. B1586. 

20, 21. Crassispira olcesensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 134). 

Holotype. Height 14.9 mm, width 5.7 mm. USNM 650264. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle 

Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1608. 

22. M angelia (Notocytharella?) hartensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 136). 

Height 4.3 mm, width 1.9 mm. USNM 650265. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

23. M angelia (Agathotoma) howei Anderson and Martin (p. 136). 

Height 6.7 mm, width 2.7 mm. USNM 650266. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M2480. 

24-26, 30, 31. Mangelia (Notocytharella) kernensis (Anderson and Martin) (p. 135). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

24. Finely ribbed form. Height 6.6 mm, width 2.3 mm. USNM 650267. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

25, 26, 30, 31. Coarsely ribbed form. 

25. Height 6.9 mm, width 2.3 mm. USNM 650268. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

26. Height 6.4 mm, width 2.3 mm. UCMP 37100. UCMP loc. B1598. 

30. Height 6.3 mm, width 2.1 mm. USNM 650269. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

31. Height 5.9 mm, width 2 mm. USNM 650270. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

27-29, 32. Acteon boulderanus Etherington (p. 137). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

27. Height 3.1 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650271. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

28, 29. Height 11.9 mm, width 5.1 mm. USNM 650272. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

32. Height 13.5 1mm, width 7 mm. USNM 650273. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 19 

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22 

5 6 

2 4 

10 11 12 13 

8 9 

16 17 18 19 

20 

23 24 25 26 27 28 

MEGASURCULA, XENUROTURRIS, TURRICULA?, OPHIODERMELLA, CRASSISPIRA, 

GLYPHOSTOMA, MANGEL/A, and ACTEON 

7 

14 

21 

29 
PLATE 20 

FIGURES 1, 32. Balcis conch ita Keen (p. 57). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

1. Height 4.6 mm, width 1.5 mm. USNM 650274. 

32. Height 5.3 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650275. 

2. Volvulella joaquinensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 141). 

Holotype. Height 5.3 mm, width 2 mm. UCMP 37101. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. Bi637. 

3, 4. Volvulella ghmw Keen (p. 141). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

3. Height 5.3 mm, width 2 mm. UCMP 37102. UCMP loc. B1598. 

4. Height 4.7 mm, width 2 mm. USNM 650276. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

5, 6. Eulima gabbiana (Anderson and Martin) (p. 57). 

5. Height 4.1 mm, width 1.1 mm. UCMP 37103. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

UCMP loc. B1637. 

6. Height 5.2 mm, width 1.3 mm. USNM 650277. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

7, 17, 26. Cylichna? loismartinae Keen (p. 139). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP loc. B1637. 

7. Height 3.4 mm, width 1.8 mm. UCMP 37104. 

17. Height 2.2 mm, width 1.1 mm. UCMP 37106. 

26. Height 3.1 mm, width 1.6 mm. UCMP 37105. 

8, 29-31, 36, 37. Scaphander jugularis (Conrad) (p. 139). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

8. Immature specimen. Height 4.3 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650278 .. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

29, 30. Height 33 mm, width 22.2 mm. USNM 650279. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1693. 

31, 36. Height 28.5 mm, width 17 mm. USNM 650280. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

37. Height 22.8 mm, width 13 mm. USNM 650281. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1600. 

9. Acteon (Rictaxis) weaveri Addicott, n. sp. (p. 137). 

Holotype. Height 5.1 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650282. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M2601. 

10, 11, 18, 25. Cylichna temblorensis Keen (p. 140). 

10, 18, 25. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

10. Height 5.1 mm, width 2.1 mm. UCMP 37107. UCMP loc. B1637. 

18. Height 4.2 mm, width 1.8 mm. UCMP 37108. UCMP loc. B1637. 

25. Height 6.3 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650283. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1604. 

11. Height 5 mm, width 1.9 mm. USNM 650284. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1599. 

12. Odostomia (Chrysallida?) sequoiana Addicott, n. sp. (p. 142). 

Height 5.2 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650285. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

13. Balcis petrolia Addicott, n. sp. (p. 58). 

Height 5.6 mm, width 1.7 mm. USNM 650286. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS 

loc. 6623. 

14-16, 33. Sulcoretusa? israelskyi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 140). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

14. Paratype. Height 1.9 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650287. 

15. Paratype. Height 2 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650288. 

16. Height 2.9 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650289. 

33. Holotype. Height 2.8 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650290. 

19-21. Niso cottonwoodensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 59). 

19, 20. Holotype. Height 13.5 mm, width 5.6 mm. USNM 650291. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, 

middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1640. 

21. Height 6.1 mm, width 2.6 mm. USNM 650292. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS 

Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

22-24. Niso antiselli Anderson and Martin (p. 58). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

22. Height 8 mm, width 4.3 mm. USNM 650293. USGS loc. 6065. 

23. Height 6.2 mm, width 3.2 mm. USNM 650294. USGS Cenozoic loc. M2601. 

24. Height 6 mm, width 2.9 mm. USNM 650295. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

27, 28. Haminoea virescens (Sowerby) (p. 138). 

Height 17.8 mm, width 11.9 mm. CAS 12943. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. CAS loc. 2147. 

34, 35. Bulla cantuaensis Anderson and Martin (p. 138). 

Height 21 mm, width 13.7 mm. SUPTC 9941. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

SU loc. 2121. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 20 

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19 

26 

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5 6 

10 11 12 13 14 15 16 

22 

21 23 

20 

27 28 29 

30 

I 

2 34 

BALCIS, VOLVULELLA, EULIMA, CYLICHNA, CYLICHNA?, SCAPHANDER, ACTEON, 

ODOSTOMIA, SULCORETVSA? NISO, HAMINOEA, and BULLA 

8 

25 

31 
PLATE 21 

FIGURJ~s 1-3. Pyramidella (Longchaeus) cooperi Anderson and Martin (p. 142). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

1, 2. Height 13.4 mm, width 4.9 mm. UCMP 37109. UCMP loc. B1638. 

3. Height 8.7 mm, width 3.9 mm. USNM 650296. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

4-6. Pyramidella (Syrnola) ochsneri (Anderson and Martin) (p. 142). 

4, 5. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

4. Height 6.3 mm, width 2.4 mm. USNM 650297. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1602. 

5. Height 7.2 mm, width 2.7 mm. USNM 650298. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

6. Height 3.4 mm, width 0.9 mm. UCMP 37110. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. B1637. 

7. T'urbonilla (Ptycheulimella) edisonensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 147). 

Holotype. Height 3.2 mm, width 0.4 mm. USNM 650299. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

8, 9, 19. Odostomia (Chrysallida?) sequoiana Addicott, n. sp. (p. 142). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

8. Paratype. Height 5.1 mm, width 2.3 mm. USNM 650300. 

9. Paratype. Height 3.8 mm, width 1.8 mm. USNM 650301. 

19. Holotype. Height 3.0 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650302. 

10. Balcis cf. B. oldroydi Bartsch (p. 58). 

Height 3.2 mm, width 1.5 mm. USNM 650303. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

11, 12, 21, 25. Odostomia (Evalea) andersoni Bartsch (p. 144). 

11, 12, 25. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. 

11. Height 4.5 mm, width 1.8 mm. USNM 650304. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

12. Height 4 mm, width 1.8 mm. USNM 650305. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

25. Height 4.3 mm, width 1.6 mm. UCMP 37111. UCMP loc. B1598. 

21. Height 1.8 mm, width 0.9 mm. USNM 650306. Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

13-15. Balcis lutzi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 58). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

13. Paratype. Height 4 .. 5 mm, width 1.5 mm. USNM 650307. 

14. Paratype. Height 5.6 mm, width 2.0 mm. USNM 650308. 

15. Holotype. Height 5.5 mm, width 1.7 mm. USNM 650309. 

16. Balcis petrolia Addicott, n. sp. (p. 58). 

Holotype. Height 6.4 mm, width 2 mm. UCMP 37112. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. UCMP 

loc. B1600. 

17, 26, 41, 42. · Turbonilla (Pyrgolampros) mariposa Keen (p. 146). 

17. Heigbt 3:1 mm, width 0.9 mm. USNM 650310. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

26, 41, 42. Low:er part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

26. Height 3.2 mm, width 0.9 mm. USNM 650332. 

41. Height 2.6 mm, width 0.8 mm. USNM 650333. 

42. Height 3.5 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650334. 

18. Turbonilla (Chemnitzia?) n. sp. (p. 145). 

Height 4.2 mm, width 0.9 mm. USN1VI 650311. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

20 .. Turbonilla cf. T. mariposa Keen (p. 147). 

Height 3.5 mm, width 1.3 mm. USNM 650312. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

22, 32. Odostomia (M enestho) repenningi Addicott, n. sp. (p. 143). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

22. Paratype. Height 2.2 mm, width 1.1 mm. USNM 650313. 

32. Holotype. Height 2.8 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650314. 
PLATE 21-Continued 

FIOUI~ES 23, 24. Turbonilla (Pyrgiscus) n. sp. (p. 146). 

Height 3.4 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650315. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

27. Odostomia (Evalea?) n. sp.? (p. 144). 

Height 3.3 mm, width 1.6 mm. USNM 650316. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

28. Odostomia (Evalea) sp. (p. 144). 

Height 2.4 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650317. Upper part of the Olcese Snnd, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. l\11597. 

29-31. Odostomia (Besla) rotundomontana (Keen) (p. 143). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

29. Height 2.6 mm, width 1.4 mm. USNM 650318. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1613. 

30. Height 4.3 mm, width 2 mm. UCMP 37115. UCMP loc. B1638. 

31. Height 2.5 mm, width 1.2 mm. UCMP 37116. UCMP loc. B1637. 

33. Odostomia (Evalea) aff. 0. (E.) donilla Dall and Bartsch (p. 144). 

Height 2.6 mm, width 1.4 mni. USN.M 650319. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle lVIiocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

34-36. 7''ltrbonilla (Pyrgiscus) bravoensis Keen (p. 146). 

Lower part of the Round Mountain Silt, middle Miocene. 

34. Height 3.8 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650320. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1612. 

35. Height 2.5 mm, width 1.2 mm. UCMP 37117. UCMP loc. B1637. 

36. Height 4.4 mm, width 1.2 mm. UCMP 37118. UCMP loc. B1637. 

37, 43. T1trbonilla (Pyrgiscus) hormigac'ltesta Addicott, n. sp. (p. 146). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

37. Paratype. Height 3 mm, width 1 mm. USNM 650321. 

43. Holotype. Height 4.4 mm, width 0.9 mm. USNM 650322. 

38-40. 7'urbonilla (Chemnitzia) hannai Addicott, n. sp. (p. 145). 

Upper part of the O:cese Sand, middle Miocene. 

38. Height 4.1 mm, width 1.2 mm. USNM 650323. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

39. Paratype. Height 4 mm, width 1.1 mm. UCMP 32140. UCMP loc. B1598. 

40. Holotype. Height 4 mm, width 1.1 mm. USNM 650324. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

44. 7'urbonilla (Chemnitzia) n. sp. (p. 145). 

Height 4.4 mm, width 1.8 mm. USNM 650325. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 

45, 46. T1trbonilla (Trag1tla) greenhornensis Addicott, n. sp. (p. 147). 

Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic loc. M1597. 

45. Holotype. Height 3.4 mm, width 1.1 mm. USNM 650326. 

46. Paratype. Height 3 mm, width 1.1 mm. USNM 650327. 

47. Odostomia (Chry·sallida?) n. sp.? (p. 143). 

Height 2.9 mm, '~·idth 1.6 mm. USNM 650328. Upper part of the Olcese Sand, middle Miocene. USGS Cenozoic 

loc. M1597. 
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 642 PLATE 21 

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39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 

PYRAMIDELLA, TURBONILLA, ODOSTOMIA, and BALCIS