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### ToddC . IZmcrson , #817 5 44 4 Sout hRiver Roa d Si . George , Utah , 8479 0 Telephone : (435)634-353 0 Facsnnile : (435)634-350 5 Bmail : temerson@sky\vest.co m

- and- Michae l L . Dworki n ^6404 7 46 5 Californi aStreet , Suite 21 0 Sa n Francisco , Californi a9410 4 Telephone:(415 ) 421-0250 0 Facsimile : (415)421-256 0 Email : law@avialex.co m AUornev s fo

r SkvWes t Airlines . Inc . 

# :CEfVE D DE C 

## 2 2 201 1

r r ;



### UNITE D STATE S O FAMERIC A DEPARTMEN T O FTRANSPORTATIO N OFFIC E O FHEARING S WASHINGTON , D.C . e n e n



### I n the Matter

of : SkyWes t Airlines , Inc . FA A Cas e No . 2011NM06003 3 DMSNo . FAA-20 1 1-068 0 SKYWES T AIRLINES , INC.' S SUPPLEMENTA LAND AMENDE D RESPONSE S T O COMPLAINANT' S INITIA LDISCOVER Y REQUES T Judge : Th e Honorabl e RichardC . Goodv/in SKYVVFS T AIRLINES , INC . (hereinafter referre dlo a s "SKYWEST") , b y and throug hit s undersigne dcounsel , supplement s andamend s it s Response s to Complainant' s Initia l Discover y Reques t an dProductio n o f

Documents , previousl y filedandserve do n Octobe r 11 ,

### 2011 . INTRODUCTIO N AND GENERA LOBJECTION S

SKYWES T adopt s andincorporate s a s iffull y set fort hherein , it s objection s an d response s mad e i

n SKYWEST' s Respons e to Complainant' s Initia l Discover

y Reques t reference dabove . SKYWEST' s investigatio n i s ongoin g andcontinuin g an dSKYWES' f reserve s th e right to furthe r supplemen t

o r amen dit s response s andobjection s a s it s investigatio n proceed s u p throug hth e tim e o f

hearing . Accordingly , thes e Supplemental andAmende dResponse s shoul d b e considere dtentativ e a

t best .

• Finally , SKYWEST , i

n it s Answer

andAffirmativ e Defense s ("Answer" ) date dJuly 15 , 2011 , andi

n it s Firs t Amende dAnswe r

andAffimiativ e Defenses , filedconcurrentl y wit hit s initial Discover) ' Respons e o n Octobe r 11 , 2011 . ha s asserte dnumerou s affirmativ e defense s an d reserve s the right

t o asser t additionall y affimiaiiv e defense s a s they arise . Notwithstandin g an y respons e or

admissio n containe dherein , SKYWES T reassert s eac handever> ' affirmativ e defens e containe di

n it s Answer , whic hSKYWES' f incorporate s herei n b

y thi s referenc e a s iffull y set fort hherein . INTERROGATORIE S Th e objection s set

fort habov e are hereb y incorporate dherei n i n thei r entirety . Notwithstandin g thes e objections , SKYWEST , base do n it s informatio n andbelief , respond s to the (ntcrrogatoric s a s follows :

2011NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-2011-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s to Complainant' s Discover y Pag e 2

### Interrogator; ' No . 1 : Identif y b y name , addres s andtelephon e numbe r al l person s whomyou kno w to hav e personal knowledg e o f the matter s allege di

n the Complaint . Supplemental andAmende dResponse : I n additio n to thos e person s previousl y identifie di n SKYWEST' s previousl y filedan d serve dobjection s andresponses :

21 . Andre w Aycrs , Aviatio n Safet y Inspector , FA

A SkyWes t

CMO ; and 22 . Chri s Brown , SKYWEST' s then-Directo r o f Flight Operation s (currentl y Directo r Aircraf t Operations) . 44 4 Sout

hRiver Road , St . George , U

T 84790 , (435 ) 634-3000 . SKYWEST' s investigatio n an ddiscover y are ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reserve s the right

to amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hth e dat e o f

hearing . lntcrrogator> ' No . 2 : Identif y b y title , date , author , present custodian , an dcontent , all documents , includin g correspondence , obtaine db y yo u o r i n your possession , relatin g t o th e assertion s i n th e Complaint , you r

appeal , you r answer , andan

y affirmativ e defense s whic hyo u anticipat e raisin g i n thi s matter . Se e Reques t

fo r Productio n No . i . Supplemental andAmende dResponse : I n additio n to thos e document s previousl y identifie dand/o r provide di

n SKY*WEST' s previousl y filedandserve dobjection s andresponses :

19 . Lette r date dMarch2 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown . Directo r o f Flight Operation s t o Andre w Avers . FA

A CMO ; 2011NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-2011-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s t o Complainant' s Discover y Pau e 3

### 20 . Lette r date dMarc h4 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Flight Operation s t o Andre w Ayers, FA

A CMO ; 21 . Letter

date dMa

y 17 , 2011 , fro

mAndre w Ayers , CM O to Chri s Brown ; 22 . Human Factor s Policy , FA A Orde r 9550.8A , Revise dAugus t 10 . 2005 ; and 23 . Delt aAirline s Flight

Operation s Manual , 5.6.10-11 , Flight Planning—Weight Dat aRecord . Investigatio n anddiscovery ar e ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reser\'e s the right to amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hth e dat e o f

hearing . Finally , SKYWES T reserve s th e right l o utiliz e a

t hearin g an

y document

not liste dabov e fo

r purpose s o f impeachment . Interrogatory ' No . 3: Identif y b y name , addres s andtelephon e number , al l person s who myo u inten dto hav e testif

y a s afactua

l or exper t witnes s i n you r defens e a t the hearin g i n thi s matter , andfo

r factua l witnesses , provid e adetaile d summar y o f eac hperson' s anticipate dtestimony . Supplemental andAmende dResponse : Respons e to Interrogatory No . 3 i s amende da s follows : 5 . Jeremy Barclay , SKYWES T Directo r o f Safet y Evaluatio n andSecurity . Mr . Barkle y will testif

y a s t o SKYWEST' s investigatio n ol'th e allege ddiscrepancies , hi s conduc t o f system-wid e audit s andSKYWEST' s correctiv e actions , includin g th e expenditur e o f substantial resource s i

n it s goo dfait

heffort s to prevent

recurren t o f simila r incidents . 2011NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-2011-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s to Complainant' s Discover y Pag e 4

### andt

o add : 14 . Chri s Brow n will testif y tha t SKYWES T ha

dbeen i n communication s wit

h it s CM O an dha

drequeste dth e CM O fo

r a n amendment

to it s Approve dWeight

andBalanc e Program , consisten t

wit hFA A Orde r 9550.8 A andthe DeltaAirline s Flight Operation s Manual ; SKYWEST' s basi s fo

r requestin g th e amendment ; th e documents , material s an devidenc e upon whic hSKYWES T relie di n makin g thi s reques t

andthe CMO' s refusa

l l o permi t

thi s amendment andthe ostensibl e reason s therefor . SKYWES' f

furthe r reserve s th e right

to cal l a s it s witnesse s an y person s identifie di

n Complainant' s EIR's , an

y person s no w or

hereinafter

identifie db

y Complainan t

a s it s witnesse s andan y person s wh o ma

y b e calle dto testif

y b y Complainan t

i n thi s matter . Investigatio n anddiscovery are ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reserve s the right l o amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hthe date o f

hearing . Interroaatory No . 4 : [deniif y b y title , date , author , presen t custodian , an dcontent , all document s whic hyo u anticipat e offerin g int o evidenc e a t th e hearin g i

n thi s matter , andiluoug hwhic hwitnes s o r witnesses . Se e Reques t

fo r Productio n No . 2 . Supplemental andAmende dResponse : Respons e to Interrogatory No . 4 i s amende dl o add : 19 . Letter

date dMarc h2 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Flight Operation s to Andre w Ayers , FA

A CMO ; 2011NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-2011-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s t o Complainant' s Discover y Pas-e 5

### 20 . Letter date dMarc h4 , 2011 . fro mChri s Brown . Directo r o f Flight Operation s t o Andre w Ayers . FA

A CMO ; 21 . Letter

date dMa

y 17 , 2011 , fro

mAndre w Ayers , CM O to Chri s Brown ; 22 . Human Facior s Policy , FA A Orde r 9550.8A , Revise dAugus t 10 , 2005 ; and 23 . Delt aAirline s Flight Operation s Manual , 5.6.10-11 , Flight Planning—Weigh t DataRecord . I n addition , SKYWES T reserve s th e right to utiliz e a

t hearin g any documents , records , informatio n o r

material s containe di

n Complainant' s EIR , or

an y documents , records , informatio n or

material s introduce dinto evidence , or sought t o b e introduce dinto evidence , b y Complainant . Investigatio n anddiscover) ' are ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reserve s th e right t o amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hth e dal e o f

hearing . Finally , SKYWES T reserve s th e right to utiliz e a

t hearin g an

y documen t

no t liste dabov e fo r purpose s o f

impeachment . Interrogator

y No . 7 : Describ e wit

hspecificit

y all o f the fact s whic hyou anticipat e presentin g i n th e cours e o f

th e hearin g i

n thi s matte r

pertainin g to th e avoidanc e or mitigatio n o f

th e sanctio n sought

b y the FA A i n thi s case . Supplemental andAmende dResponse : Respons e to Interrogatory No . 7 i s amende dt o add : 8 . SKYWES T ha

dreasonabl y requeste da

n amendmen t

to it s Approve dWeight

and
20 1 1NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-20 1 1-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s t o Complainant' s Discover y Pag e 6

### Balanc e Program , consisten t wit hComplainant' s Human Factor s Policy , a s annunciate di n FA A Order 9550.8A . andconsisten t

wit hwha t Complainan t

ha dapprove dfo

r a t leas t on e othe r air carrier , bu t Complainan t

unreasonably , arbitraril y an dcapriciousl y refuse dto approv e tha t amendment ; an dSKYWEST' s acts , a s complaine do f b y Complainant , ar e mitigable , consisten t wit hComplainant' s Human Factor s Policy : an d 9 . SKYWEST' s effort s i n investigatin g an

dpreventin g recunenc e o f th e allege d discrepancie s andlike incident s hav e been conducte di n goo dfait

handa t asubstantial expenditur e o f

resources . Investigatio n anddiscover) ' ar e ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reser\'e s the right to amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hth e dat e o f

hearing . Interrogatorv No . 9 : Describ e wit hspecificit

y al l fact s o r

evidenc e you inten dt o rely upo n i n support o f an y affirmativ e defense s raise di n an y Answe r to th e Complaint , l o includ e identifyin g the specifi c FA A polic y you clai mi s violate db y the propose dpenalt

y i n thes e cases . Se e Reques t fo r Productio n No . 3 . Supplemental an dAmende dResponse : Pleas e se e SKYWEST' s Response s to Interrogator) ' N o 7 , whic hSKYWES T adopt s an d incorporate s a

t i s response s to Interrogator y No . 9 , a s iffull y se

t fort hherein . I

n additio n se e FA A A C I20-27 E an dFA

A Order s 2150.3 B an

d9550.8A . Investigatio n anddiscovery ar e ongoin g andcontinuing , andSKYWES T reserve s th e

201INM060033/DM S No . FAAO-20 1 1-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental an dAmende dResponse s t o Complainant' s Discover y Paae 7

### right

to amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s up ihroug hth e dat e o f hearing . REQUEST S FO RPRODUCTIO N I n additio n to thos e document s previousl y describe dandproduce db y SKYWES T i

n it s Productio n o f

Documents , filedandser\'e do n Octobe r i I , 2011 , SKYWES T i s producin g th e followin g responsiv e documents : EXHIBI T DESCRIPTIO N G ) Letter date dMarch2 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Flight Operation s to Andre w Aycrs , FA A CMO ; H ) Letter

date dMarc h4 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Flight Operation s to Andre w Ayers , FA A CMO ; I ) Letter

date dMa

y 17 , 2011 , fro

mAndre w Aycrs . CM O l o Chri s Brown ; an

d J ) Human Facior s Policy , FA A Orde r 9550.8A , Revise dAugus t 10 , 2005 . Wit hrespec t l o DeltaAirline s Fligh

t Operation s Manual , 5.6.10-11 , Flight Planning—Weigh t

DataRecord , sai ddocumen t i s proprietary to DeltaAirlines . SKYWES T wi l produc e andutiliz e sai ddocumen t upo n Complainant' s agreemen t to aprotectiv e orde r

t o prevent disclosur e o f

sai ddocumen t

to an y thir dparty(ies ) andth e Administrativ e La w Judge' s issuanc e o f

a n appropriat e orde r

redactin g sai ddocument

fro mth e publi c recordi

n thi s matter . Investigatio n an ddiscovery arc ongoin g an dcontinuing , an dSKYWES T reserve s the 20 1 1NM060033/DM S No . FAA0-20n-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s to Complainant' s Discover) ' Paae 8

### right

t o amen dand/o r

supplemen t

thes e response s u

p throug hthe dal e o f

hearing . Finally , SKYWES T reserve s th e right t o utiliz e a

t hearin g an

y document

no t liste dabov e fo

r purpose s o f impeachment . .is ^ Date dthi s (JO ^ da

y o f December , 2011 .

MICHAELL . DWORKI N Co-Counse l for

SkyWest Airline s

201INM060033/DM S No . FAAO-20 1 1-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s to Complainant' s Discover y Pag e 9

### CERTIFICAT E O FSERVIC E

Th e undersigne dhereb y certifie s tha t o n thi s c3f y da y o f December , 2011 , atru e and correc t cop y o f th e foregoin g SKYWEST' S SUPPLEMENTA LAND AMENDE D RESPONS E T O COMPLAINANT' S INITIA LDISCOVER Y REQUES T wa s serve da s follows : Th e Honorabl e RichardC . Goodwi n Offic e o f Hearings , M-2 0 120 0 Ne w Jerse y Avenue , S.E . Eas t Buildin g Groun dFloor , RoomE12
- 32 0 Washington , D.C . 2059 0

{Federa l Express } Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n 80 0 Independenc e Avenu e S W Washington , D C 2059 1 Attn : Hearin g Docket

Clerk , AGC-43 0 Wilbur Wrigh t Buildin g - Suite 2WIOO0 {Federa l Expres s J Jeffrey M . Ilarpc r

Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n Northwes t

Mountai n Region , ANM- 7 160 1 LindAvenu e S.W . Renton , Washingto n 9805 7 FA X (425 ) 227-100 7

{Facsimil e an dFedera l Express }

OKSANAZHARZHA^ S

2011NM060033/DM S No . FAAO-2011-068 0 SkyWest' s Supplemental andAmende dResponse s to Complainant' s Discover y Pag e 1 0

### EXHIBI T 1 9 Lette r date dMarc h2 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Fligh t Operation s t o Andre w Ayers , FAA CM O

# SMMss f

Marc h2 , 201 1 Andre wAyer s Aviatio n Safet yInspecto r- Ai rCanie rOperation s Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Offic e 102 0 Nort h Ffye rWa y Sal t Lake Otv,t/ T 8411 6 RE : Amendmen t t o SkyWes t Weigh t an d Balanc e Progra m Dea rMr . Ayers : Hii s lette rr

s a reques t fo rconsideratio n o f th e enclose d amendmen t t o th e SieyWes t Airline s Approve d We^ t an d Balanc e Program . Include d i s tti e origina l documen t wit h th e inclusio n o f a n amendmen t containin g Huma n Factor s documentatio n an d FA AOrde r95S0.8A , Huma n Factor s Policy . Th e additio n o f th e Huma n Factor s amendmen t bring s th e proposa l ful l drd e an d include s SM S practice s base d o n th e Fou rComponent s o f Safet yManagemen t Systems . Whil e SkyWes t recognize s th e goa l o f ensurin g safet ythroug h CLR accuracy , a Huma n Factor s consideratio n i s necessary , SkyWes t seek s t o emplo yknow n Huma n Factor s method s t o accomplis h th e ultimat e goa l o f operationa l safety . Than k yo u foryou rconsideration . Sincerely ,

Chri s Brow n Directo ro f Fligh t Operation s cc : Chi p Diild s We n Brook s Edwar d Rubotto m Car i Salamon e

44 4 Sout h Rh/e rRoa d St . George . UT8479 0 435.634300 0 www.skywes t co m

### AIRLINES ®



# Weigh t an d Balanc e Progra m Amendmen t Proposa l

Marc h 2 , 201 1Thi s documen t i s a forma l reques t fora n alteratio n t o tfi e SkyWes t Approve d Weigh t an d Balanc e

Program . Thi s reques t i s designe d t o addres s th e numerou s carg o weigh t error s tha t hav e bee n identifie d i n recen t Letter s o f Investigatio n (LOI ) fro m th e SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Office . Interna l audit s o f th e weigh t an d balanc e proces s revea l tha t whil e ther e i s th e possibilit yfo ra gros s carg o weigh t error , mos t error s resul t fro m a miscoun t o f on e o rtw o piece s o f cargo . Th e SkyWes t Fligh t Operations , Custome rService , an d Safet ydepartment s hav e mad e grea t stride s i n th e constructio n an d Implementatio n o f procedure s designe d t o mitigat e gros s errors . However , th e natur e o f huma n factor s make s th e eliminatio n o f error s i n thei rentiret ya n impossibl e undertaking . I n thi s request , SkyWes t wouk J lik e t o pla n proactivet yfo rsmal l error s i n carg o weigh t b yImplementin g a sel f impose d limitatio n o n th e capabilitie s o f it s aircraft . Th e purpos e o f thi s proposa l i s no t t o alk^wfo r error , bu t t o accoun t fo rth e inheren t limitation s o f huma n performanc e an d ensur e operationa l safet y i s hel d paramoun t a t al l times . Specifically , thi s reques t consist s o f artificiall yaddin g a specifie d amoun t o f wveigh t t o th e Basi c Operatin g Weigh t (BOW ) o f eac h aircraf t I n doin g so , al l performanc e calculation s wil l b e performe d a s i f th e weigh t wa s physicall yo n boar d th e aircraft , eve n thoug h i n mos t case s th e weigh t wil l no t b e physicall ypresen t Th e aircraf t operatin g envelop e wil l t> e curtaile d i n suc h a wa ytha t fo rsmal l miscounts , th e SkyWes t weigh t an d balanc e progra m wil l ensur e tha t th e aircraf t wil l alway s remai n withi n th e manufacturer' s operatin g envelope . SkyWes t ha s implemente d severa l sel f Impose d limitation s i n th e past . Thi s propose d limitatio n i s simila ri n natur e t o thes e previousl yapprove d limitations :

• Th e ASA P progra m recommeride d pilot s descen d immediatel yupo n receivin g a crossin g restrictio n withi n 4000 * o f th e curren t aircraf t altitude . B yInstructin g flight crew s t o Initiat e a descen t upo n receip t o f dearar>ce , SkyWes t sacrifice s additiona l fue l saving s i n orde rt o minimiz e misse d crossin g restrictions . • Restrictin g maximu m altitud e o f aircraf t operatio n t o FL37 0 fo rth e CRJ-20 0 an d FL39 0 fo rth e CRl-700/900 . Restrictin g tfr e maximu m altitud e o f CR J serie s aircraf t provide s additiona l stal l protectio n a t hig h altitudes . • Amendin g th e maximu m takeof f we^tr t o f th e assigne d Delt a Airitn e CR70 0 aircraf t t o 74,999 . Base d o n th e siz e o f tt w aircraft , thi s proposa l add s betwee n 3 0 an d 9 0 lbs . o f additiona l weigh t t o eac h aircraf t BOW . Specifically , adding :

• EM B 12 0 = 3 0 lbs . o r1 standar d checke d ba g • CR)-20 0 = 6 0 lbs . o r2 standar d checke d bag s • CRJ-700 = 9 0 lbs . o r3 standar d cfiecke d bag s • CRJ-900 = 9 0 lbs . o r3 standar d checke d bag s CR J 20 0 Specific sTh e additiona l 6 0 lbs . wil l b e artificiall yadde d Int o tfi e BO W a t th e BO W cente ro f gravity . Byaddin g th e

weigh t a t thi s location , th e additiona l planne d weigh t wil l no t affec t th e BO W cente ro f gravity . I n th e even t tha t th e planne d weigh t i s rw t physicall ypresen t i n th e carg o bin , th e onl yperformanc e modificatio n i s tha t th e aircraf t ha s bee n planne d t o b e 6 0 lbs . heavie rtha n th e actua l weight . I n term s o f performance , th e aircraf t wi H perfor m bette rtha n planne d i n al l case s (i.e . lowe rfue l bum , lowe rstal l sp)eed , shorte rtakeof f ar> d landin g distances , etc. ) an d wil l remai n withi n al l manufacturer s limitation s a t al l times . Becaus e th e additiona l weigh t wa s planne d a t th e BO W cente ro f gravity , th e lac k o f physica l preseric e wil l hav e n o effec t o n aircraf t CG o rtri m settings . I n th e even t o f a miscoun t an d th e additiona l 6 0 lbs . o f carg o i s accidentall ypresen t I n th e carg o bin , th e additiona l weigh t ha s alread ybee n accounte d fo ri n th e BO W an d th e onl ycorrectio n require d i s t o ensur e th e additiona l weigh t doe s no t caus e th e aircraf t cente ro f gravit yt o fal l outsid e o f manufacturer' s operatin g envelope . T o guarante e tha t th e C G remain s withi n th e operatin g envelop e a t al l times , th e af t cente ro f gravit ylimi t wil l b e artificiall ycurtaile d forwar d t o compensat e fo ra n extr a 6 0 lbs . i n th e af t carg o bin . Usin g th e formul a presente d i n Figur e 1 below , a n additiona l 6 0 lbs . o f carg o i n th e af t carg o bi n wil l shif t th e inde xaf t b y0.44 . (Bi n XAr m- 366.42 ) x Weigh t = Inde x Shif t 1000 0 (68 7 - 520 ) X 6 0 = 0.4 4 2300 0 Figur e 1 : CRJ20 0 Inde xShif t Calculation s

T o compensat e fo rthi s possibl e inde xshift , th e af t operatin g envek)p e limi t wil l b e curtaile d forwar d b y a n inde xadjustmen t o f 0.44 , thu s ensurin g tha t regardles s o f tfi e physica l presenc e o f th e extr a 6 0 lbs. , th e aircraf t operationa l cente ro f gravit ywil l alway s remai n withi n th e manufacturer' s operatin g envelope .
EM B 12 0 Spedfk s Th e calculation s fo rth e EM B 12 0 ar e ver ysimila rt o th e CR J 20 0 t>ecaus e th e EM B ha s a singl e carg o compartment . Th e inclusio n o f a n addittona f 3 0 fbs . o f carg o wil l caus e th e aircraf t CG t o shif t th e inde x af t b y0.63 . T o compensat e fo rthi s possibl e shift , th e af t operatin g envelop e limi t wil l b e curtaile d forwar d b ya n Irwie xadjustmen t o f 0.63 .{Bin XAr m- 366.42 ) x Weigh t

—- Inde x Shift 1000 0 (57 8 - 366.42 ) x 3 0 = 0.6 3

lOOO O Figur a 2 : EMB12 0 inde xShif t Calculatio n CRJ700/900Spcdfic s Th e CR J 70 0 an d CR

J 90 0 ar e dissimila rfi^om th e CR J 20 0 an d EM B 12 0 becaus e th e CRJ70 0 an d CRJ90 0 ar e bot h equippe d wit h multipl e carg o compartments . I n orde rt o compensat e fo rmultipl e compartments , bot h th e af t an d forwar d limit s wil l b e curtaile d b yth e mos t advers e badin g configurations . Th e table s belo wsho w tha t dependin g o n th e placemen t o f additiona l weight , th e ne t inde xshif t i s eithe rforwar d o raft . T o compensat e fo rth e unknow n locatio n o f th e 9 0 lbs . additiona l weight , bot h th e forwar d an d af t C G limit s wil l nee d t o b e curtaile d b yth e maximu m Inde xdeviation . I n th e cas e o f th e CR

J 700 , tfi e forwar d operatin g envelop e limi t wil l nee d t o b e shifte d af t b ya n inde x adjustmen t o f 0.4 8 whil e th e af t operatiri g envek}p e limi t wil l nee d t o b e shifte d forwar d b yarx ! inde x adjustmen t o f 0.60 . I n th e cas e o f th e CR J 900 , th e forwar d operatin g envelop e limi t wvil l nee d t o b e shifte d af t b ya n ir>de xadjustmen t o f 0.7 5 whil e th e af t operatin g envelop e limi t wil l nee d t o b e shifte d forwar d b yan d inde xadjustmen t o f 0.74 . Th e formula s an d loadin g configuration s ar e give n i n th e table s an d figures t>etow .(Bi n XAr m- 860 ) x Weigh t

- Inde x Shift 4000 0 Figur e 3 : OUTO O Index Shif

t Cakulatio n

OU70 0 FW D Carg o Bi n (lbs. ) 0 3 0 6 0 9 0 FW D Inde xShif t 0.0 0 -0.1 6 -0.3 2 -0.4 8 AF T Carg o Bi n (lbs. )

9 0 6 0 3 0 0 Af t Inde xShif t 0.6 0 0.4 0 0.2 0 0.0 0 Tota l Inde xShif t

0.6 0 0.2 4 -0.1 2 -0.4 8 Tabl e 1 : CR

J 70 0 Index Shif

t Calculation s {Bin XAr m- 771 ) X Weigh t = Inde x Shift 4000 0 Figur e 4 : CIU90

0 inde x Shif

t Calculatio n

CR J 90 0 FW D 0 0 0 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 6 0 6 0 9 0 FW D Shif t

0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 0.0 0 -0.2 5 -0.2 5 -0.2 5 -0.5 0 -0.5 0 -0.7 5 Cente r

0 3 0 6 0 9 0 0 3 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 Cente rShif t

0.0 0 -0.1 4 -0.2 7 -0.4 1 0.0 0 -0.1 4 -0.2 7 0.0 0 -0-1 4 0.0 0 AF T 9 0 6 0 3 0 0 6 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 0 Af t Shif t 0.7 4 0.4 9 0.2 5 0.0 0 0.4 9 0.2 5 0.0 0 0.2 5 0.0 0 0.0 0 Tota l Shif t

0.7 4 0.3 5 -0.0 3 0.4 1 0.2 4 -0.1 4 -0.5 2 -0.2 5 -0.6 4 -0.7 5 Tabl e 2 : CR

J 90 0 Inde x Shif

t Calculation sSkyWes t woul d lik e t o reiterat e tha t th e purpos e o f thi s progra m i s no t t o alks w fo rerror . I t will ,

however , ensur e tha t operationa l safet yi s maintaine d i n an ysmal l miscoun t situation s cause d b yth e limitation s o f huma n performarKC . Asimila rprogra m ha s alread ybee n pu t i n plac e a t Delt a Airiines . Th e SkyWes t phlk>soph yha s bee n an d remain s Safet yfirst, wit h tf\a t I n mlr> d i t I s ou rhop e fo rrapi d consideratio n an d approva l o f thi s reques tHuma n Factor s Appendi xt o Weigh t an d Balanc e Proposa l

Th e abov e proposa l involve s a modificatio n t o th e SkyWes t Weigh t an d Balanc e progra m an d I s designe d t o accoun t fo rlimitation s o n huma n pertormarKe . I n orde rt o full yunderstan d th e moth/atk> n an d reasonin g t>ehin d suc h a proposal , i t I s Importan t t o Investigat e tir e Huma n Factor s prirKHple s drivin g thi s request . Huma n Factor s i s a ter m use d t o describ e th e stud yo f an ysyste m tha t irwJude s a huma n irrterface . Thi s interfac e ca n indud e al l 'psychohjgical , social , physical , biok>gica l an d safet ycharacteristics ' (1 ) tha t ma yaffec t th e manne ri n whic h a huma n interact s %vit h a system . Huma n Factor s i s define d a s " Amultidisoplinar yeffor t t o generat e arxJ compil e infonnatio n abou t huma n capabilitie s an d limitatiort s an d appl ytha t informatio n t o equipment , systems , facilities , procedures , jobs , environments , training , staffing , an d personr»e l managemen t fo rsafe , comfortable , an d effectiv e huma n performarKe" . (2 ) Thi s proposa l investigate s th e susceptibilit yfo rerro rI n th e SkyWes t Airiine s weigh t an d balarnz e processes , art d propose s t o mitigat e th e ris k o f an ysmal l mtsooun t error s throug h th e us e o f a buil t i n weigh t tolerance - I n orde rt o full yunderstan d th e ris k associate d wit h th e curren t weigh t an d balanc e process , w e nee d t o analyz e th e workin g environmen t o n th e aircraf t ram p area . Th e aJriin e ram p are a contain s man yfactor s havin g th e potentia l t o negativel yimpac t ram p worke r performance . Th e tas k i n questio n I s th e ram p worker' s abilit yt o accuratel yrepor t th e quantit yan d typ e o f item s loade d int o th e aircraf t carg o bin(s) . SkyWes t aircraf t ar e equippe d wit h u p t o thre e separat e carg o bins , eac h requirin g a n individua l inventory . Th e ram p worke ri s taske d wit h th e responsibilit yo f accountin g fo reac h ite m a s i t i s loade d ont o th e aircraft . I n Huma n Factor s studies , thi s typ e o f tas k

I s referre d a s a "Vigilance " task , wherea s Xbe huma n operato ri s aske d t o maintai n "ctos e an d continuou s attentio n t o a fiel d o f stimulatio n fo ra perio d o f time , watchfu l fo ran yparticula r changin g circumstances " (3) . I n thi s case , th e partkula rstimulatio n I s th e item s loade d int o th e aircraf t carg o bin . Huma n Factor s researc h ha s show n tha t environmenta l stressor s ma ynegativel yimpa a huma n vigilarK C performance . Environmenta l stressor s affectin g ram p vigilanc e performarK e indude : ambien t temperature , ambien t noise , leve l o f illumination , ai rquality , an d curren t weathe rconditions . Th e resul t o f thes e factor s i s tha t th e ram p agen t workin g o n a sixt ydegree , sunn yda yi n Lo s Angele s wil l likel yperfor m a t a highe rleve l tha n th e ram p agen t workin g a co\d , snowy , nigh t i n Chicago . I n th e airlin e buslr>ess , a difficul t workin g erwlronmen t I s sometime s unavoidable , an d th e syste m mus t b e desigf»e d i n a wa ytha t wil l mitigat e thi s risk an d preven t error . Th e us e o f automatio n i s wel l documente d i n Huma n Factor s researc h a s a successfu l erro rpreventio n strategy . AltfKHig h curren t techrwbjg yexist s t o ai d i n aircraf t loa d manifes t erro rprevention , i t i s rw t feasibl e fo rimplementatio n I n th e SkyWes t system . SkyWes t doe s no t contro l th e paren t polkJe s an d procedure s cor»structin g tti e ftarT>ewor k o f th e carg o process . Thes e policie s an d procedure s ar e manage d b ySkyWest' s majo ralriin e partner s (I.e . Delt a Airiines , Unite d Alrllr>es ) an d th e introductio n o f automatio n wouk J requir e globa l cftange s a t al l level s o f th e majo rairiine' s operation .Withou t th e us e o f automation , th e alternativ e i s t o investigat e erro rpreventio n an d / o rmitigatio n strategies . An yhuma n interfac e encompasse s a liat>ilit yfo rerror . A s a n example , "man yheadline hittin g disaster s o f th e las t 1 5 year s hav e involve d huma n erro rI n th e operatio n o f comple x techrwlogtca l systems . Hollnage l [5 L fo rexample , estimate s tfia t th e irKiidenc e o f huma n erro r contributin g t o accident s ha s risen fro m abou t 20 % i n th e igSC s t o abou t 80 % i n 1990 ' (4) . A s system s i n genera l t)ecom e mor e comple xan d becom e mor e mechanicall yreliable , th e portio n o f risk attributabl e t o huma n erro rals o increases . Thi s positio n ha s le d man yresearcher s t o advocat e th e nee d fo rwha t ha s bee n referre d t o as Designin g fo rHuma n Erro r[1 6 J " (4) , Thes e system s ar e 'designe d wit h th e understandin g tfia t huma n operator s ar e inherentl yfallible , bu t carefu l syste m desig n ca n ofte n allo wthe m t o catc h an d recove rthei row n errors , o r'trap " th e erro rs o tha t i t i s no t propagate d t o creat e a n accident " (5) , SkyWes t Airiine s I s limitin g th e capabilitie s o f it s aircraf t i n orde rt o desig n a mor e robust syste m tha t wil l "trap " a n erro ran d mitigat e th e consequerKe s o f a smal l miscoun t error , shoul d or> e occur . Th e FA Aha s accepte d ar> d embrace d th e ide a tha t Huma n Factor s play s a ke ypar t I n syste m design . FA AOrde r9550.8 Aoutline s th e responsibilit yo f al l FA Aoi^anization s t o 'Implemen t erro rpreventio n an d mitigatio n strategie s t o emphasiz e huma n erro rreduction ' (2) . Th e appendi xt o FA A Orde r9550.a A eve n recommend s th e stud yo f huma n erro ran d give s th e followin g guidanc e regardin g huma n error : [Examine ] desig n an d contextua l condition s (includin g supervisor yan d organizationa l influences ) a s causa l factor s contributin g t o huma n error , an d [consider ] objective s fo r erro rtolerance , erro rprevention , an d erro rcorrection/recovery . (2 ) Th e FA Aincorporate s thi s concep t i n Safet yManagemen t Syste m (SMS ) design . On e o f th e fou rpillar s o f SM S I s Safet yRis k

Managemen t (SRM) . A s define d b yth e FAA , SR M i s a forma l proces s withi n th e SM S compose d o f (7) :

• Describin g th e syste m • Identifyin g th e hazard s • Assessin g th e ris k • Analyzin g th e risk • Controllir ^ th e risk I n thi s proposal , SkyWes t ha s followe d th e safet yrisk managemen t proces s an d plan s t o contro l ris k throug h th e desig n o f a huma n erro rtoleran t system . Th e us e o f a n erro rtoleran t syste m i s als o alread y i n plac e a t othe rU.S , ai rcarriers . Delt a Airline s currentl yuse s a 60 0 lb . tolerarK e t o accoun t fo r"las t minut e ba g chang e flexibilitV (6) . I n th e DA L program , 'I f th e numbe ro f additiona l bag s kaade d afte r th e initia l [Weigh t Dat a Record ] i s les s tha n 20 , ther e wil l b e n o up-date d (Weigh t Dat a Record ] gerrerate d an d th e cre w wil l no t b e informed * (6) . SkyWes t i s proposin g a 30 , 60 , o r9 0 lb . tolerance , whic h I s five t o fifteen percen t o f th e toleranc e afforde d t o Delt a Airiines . SkyWes t doe s no t pla n t o us e th e toleranc e fo rba g chang e flexibility . Instead , SkyWes t plan s t o us e th e toleranc e t o compensat e fo r smal l miscoun t situation s cause d b ylimitation s o n huma n performance .Thes e smal l miscount s ma yb e reflecte d I n on e o f tw o ways . Th e erro rma yb e eithe ra physica l miscoun t o ra documentatio n error . I n eithe revent , th e desig n o f thi s erro rtoleran t syste m encompasse s know n Huma n Factor s prirKiple s designe d t o 'trap " th e error . Thi s ensure s tha t an y error s ar e caugh t befor e the yt>ecom e contributin g fartor s t o a n aircraf t inciden t o raccident . Incorporatin g Huma n Factor s principle s i n syste m desig n i s a ke yfacto ri n successfu l ai rcarrie rsafet y managemen t Throug h th e approva l o f thi s proposal , SkyWes t seek s t o increas e th e safet yo f al l operations .Reference s 1 . Adams , Chris . "Huma n Factors. ' About.com , n.d . Web . 1 Ma r2011 . <htt p ://ergor>o m ics. a bou t .com/od/gkjssary/g/def h umanfactors-ht m > . 2 . Huma n Factor s Polic yFA AOrde r9550.8A. , 2005 . Web . 1 Ma r2011 . <http://www.hf.faa.gov/docs/508/docs/HForder.pdf> . 3 . "Vigilance. " SKYbrary , n.d . Web . 1 Ma r2011 . <http://www.skvtM"ary.aero/index.php/Vigrlance> . 4 . Fields , R.E. , P. C Wright , an d M.D . Harrison . " ATas k Centere d Approac h t o Analysin g Huma n Erro rToleranc e Requirements. " BA e Dependabl e Computin g System s Centr e an d Huma n Compute rInteractio n Group , n.d . Web . 1 Ma r2011 . <http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.57.4219&rep=repl&type=pdf> . 5 . Wickens , Christophe rD. , Joh n D . Lee , Yil l Liu , an d Salli e E . Gordo n Becker . A n Introductio n t o Huma n Factor s Engineering . 2n d ed . Uppe rSaddl e River , Ne wJersey : Prentic e Hall , 2004 . Print . 6 . "Delt a Airiirre s Fligh t Operation s Manual . 7 . "Safet yManagemen t Syste m -Components. " FAA.gov . FAA , 1 2 No v2009 . Web . 2 Ma r2011 . <http://www . faa . gov/ a bout/ I nibatives/s m s/expl a ined/co m pe n ents/ffs a fety_r i sk_m 3 nagement >

1 0

### EXHIBI T 2 0 Lette r date dMarc h4 , 2011 , fro mChri s Brown , Directo r o f Fligh t Operation s t o Andre w Ayers , FA A CM OMarc h 4 , 201 1

Andre wAyer s Aviatio n Safet yInspector-Ai rCarrie rOperation s Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Offic e 102 0 Nort h Flye rWa y Sal t Lak e City , U T 8411 6 Re : 1 4 CF R §121.69 3 Dea rM rAyers : Than k yo u fo rtakin g th e tim e t o mee t wit h ou rgrou p yesterda yafternoon . W e hav e reviewe d 1 4 CF R §121.69 3 an d believ e th e requeste d toleranc e wil l not , i n fact , violat e th e inten t o f thi s regulation . A s discussed , thi s reques t i s no t a n attemp t t o subver t th e regulation ; rather , i t i s a n effort t o buil d i n a n additiona l laye ro f safety . SkyWes t i s proposin g t o self-limi t th e capacit yof it s fleet ; a poin t w e fee l mus t b e emphasize d durin g th e cours e o f thes e discussions . Whil e th e inten t of 1 4 CF R §121.69 3 i s t o assur e safet ythroug h accuracy , w e fee l strongl yther e shoul d als o b e a pat h t o accoun t fo rhuma n erro ran d mitigat e ris k cause d b ysuc h error . O n average , SkyWes t handle s a n estimate d 23,000,00 0 bag s pe ryear . Thi s volum e elevate s th e risk of a smal l miscount . Th e effort s t o contro l ris k ar e ongoin g an d remai n a to p priority . Whil e w e striv e fo raccuracy , th e shee rvolum e o f manually-handle d item s make s i t impossibl e t o assur e a£»so/t;te accuracy . Thi s proposa l i s no t a substitut e fo rne wan d enhance d Custome rServic e procedures . Rather , i t i s designe d t o augmen t othe rprocedure s vi a th e additio n of a n additiona l laye rof defense . W e provid e th e followin g brie f explanatio n t o § 121.69 3 (comment s highlighte d i n red) : § 121.69 3 Loa d manifest : Al l certificat e holders . Th e loa d manifes t mus t contai n th e followin g informatio n regardin g aircraf t loadin g a t takeof f time : (a ) Th e weigh t of th e aircraft , fue l an d oil , carg o an d baggage , passenger s an d crewmembers . Aloa d manifes t erro ri s neve rintentional . Whe n a designate d loadin g agen t sign s an d submit s th e CL R t o th e fligh t dec k crew , i t i s hi s o rhe rbelie f th e documen t i s accurate . An y inaccurac yi s du e t o huma n error ; certainly , ther e i s n o inten t o f falsification . (b ) Th e maximu m allowabl e weigh t fo rtha t fligh t tha t mus t no t excee d th e leas t of th e followin g weights :Andre wAyer s Marc h 4 , 201 1 Pag e 2 (1 ) Maximu m allowabl e takeof f weigh t fo rth e runwa yintende d t o b e use d (includin g correction s fo raltitud e an d gradient , an d win d an d temperatur e condition s existin g at th e takeof f time) . (2 ) Maximu m takeof f weigh t considerin g anticipate d fue l an d oi l consumptio n tha t allow s complianc e wit h applicabl e e n rout e performanc e limitations . (3 ) Maximu m takeof f weigh t considerin g anticipate d fue l an d oi l consumptio n tha t allow s complianc e wit h th e maximu m authorize d desig n landin g weigh t limitation s o n arriva l a t th e destinatio n airport . (4 ) Maximu m takeof f weigh t considerin g anticipate d fue l an d oi l consumptio n tha t allow s complianc e wit h landin g distanc e limitation s o n arriva l at th e destinatio n an d alternat e airports . I n th e even t of erro rwithi n th e weigh t tolerance , th e BO W adjustmen t wil l ensur e thes e limitation s ar e no t exceeded . (c ) Th e tota l weigh t compute d unde rapprove d procedures : Th e SkyWes t Weigh t an d Balanc e Manua l contain s approve d procedure s fo rcomputin g aircraf t weight . Thi s proposa l make s n o change s t o th e manne ri n whic h aircraf t weigh t i s calculated . (d ) Evidenc e tha t th e aircraf t i s loade d accordin g t o a n approve d schedule tha t ensure s th e cente ro f gravit yi s withi n approve d limits . Th e curtailmen t associate d wit h thi s proposa l wil l ensur e that , eve n i n th e even t o f huma n error , th e aircraft' s cente ro f gravit ywil l alway s remai n withi n limits . (e ) Name s of passengers , unles s suc h informatio n i s maintaine d b yothe rmean s b yth e certificat e holder . N o chang e W e appreciat e you rcontinue d effor t i n assistin g SkyWes t t o appropriatel ymee t o rexcee d require d regulation s an d guidelines . Fee l fre e t o contac t m e i f I ca n provid e additiona l information . Sincerely , Chri s Brow n Directo r Fligh t Operation s

### EXHIBI T 2 1 Lette r date dMa y 17 , 2011 , fro mAndre w Ayers , CM O to Chri s Brow n& USDepartme m c ^ Thonsponario n F*d«ra l Aviatio n AdmtnfstTQtto n Northwec t Mountai n Regio n Cotorado , Idaho , Montane , Oregon , Utah , Washington , W>oniin g SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Offic e 102 0 ^^orth^ye f Wa

y Sar t Lake Ctty , Uta h 84116-295 9 801-257-5100 . 600-332-279 5 Fax ; 801-257-513 8

Ma y17 , 201 1 Trackin g Number : 235 2 Christophe rC . Brow n Directo ro f Aircraf t Operation s SkyWes t Airlines , Inc . 44 4 Sout h Rive rRoa d St . George , Uta h 84790-208 6 Dea rMr . Brown : Th e SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Offic e (CMO ) ha s reviewe d you rproposa l fo r a n amendmen t t o SkyWest' s approve d weigh t an d balanc e program . W e recogniz e an d appreciat e th e tim e an d effor t spen t i n developin g ne wstrategie s t o addres s an d reduc e th e documente d issue s wit h aircraf t loadin g an d documentatio n accuracy . Throug h collaborativ e revie wwit h Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n (FAA) , Northwes t Mountai n regiona l specialists , a s wel l a s FA Aheadquarter s groups , w e hav e identifie d th e followin g issues : 1 ) Titl e 1 4 o f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulation s (1 4 CFR ) § 121.693(a ) require s th e loa d manifes t t o contai n th e weigh t o f th e aircraft , a s wel l a s carg o an d baggage . Unde rSkyWest' s proposal , th e loa d manifes t woul d no t compl ywit h 1 4 CF R § 121.693(a) , eve n r f th e airplan e wer e loade d conreclly , becaus e o f th e built-i n "error" . Additionally , 1 4 CF R § 121,66 5 states , i n part , tha t th e certificat e holde ri s responsibl e fo rth e accurac yo f th e loa d manifes t for m befor e eac h takeoff . Therefore , th e preparatio n o f th e loa d manifes t canno t begi n wit h a pre-existin g error , makin g i t impossibl e t o achiev e accuracy . 2 ) Curren t FA Aguidanc e doe s no t addres s th e concep t o f baggag e coun t o r weigh t tolerances . Latitud e i s alread ygive n i n FA AAdvisor yCircula r120-27 E fo rth e us e o f averag e ba g an d passenge rweights . Thes e weight s ar e designe d t o creat e a baselin e standar d an d establis h saf e operatin g procedure s i n th e even t o f smal l variance s i n weights . Th e concep t o f a n additiona l toleranc e woul d likel yrequir e SkyWes t t o rever t first , t o usin g actua l ba g an d passenge rweights , o rusin g highe raverag e weight s t o remov e th e additiona l smal l variance s tha t exis t wit h th e curren t statisticall yderive d FAA approve d averag e weights .

### 3 ) SkyWest' s proposa i doe s no t addres s th e underlyin g issu e o f inacx:urat e performanc e byGroun d Servic e Agent s handlin g SkyWes t flights . Absen t othe rmitigatin g strategies , SkyWes t Airiines ' proposa l woul d no t reduc e th e errors previousl yidentifie d byth e SkyWes t CMO . SkyWest' s proposal , a s i t stands , i s not a huma n facto rmitigatio n strategy , bu t a huma n facto r compensatio n strategy . Additiona l FA

Asurveii\anc e data , a s wel l a s variou s voluntar yprogra m data , continu e t o sho werrors wel l outsid e th e scop e o f toleranc e tha t SkyWes t ha s proposed . As such , SkyWest' s proposa l doe s not sho wa significan t improvemen t i n th e safet yo f curren t weigh t an d balance-relate d operations . Therefore , th e CM O canno t approv e SkyWes f s propose d amendmen t a t thi s time . Sincerely ,

- ^ Andre wJ . Ayers Principa l Operation s Inspecto r cc : Kle n P . Brooks , Vic e Presiden t o f Fligh t Operation s

# Q USDepanmen t c'lransporfcrriof i F«<torQ l Avkmo n Administratio n Norttiwes t Mountai n Regio n Cotorado , (daho , Montana , Oregon , Utah , Washtngton , W>omn g SkyWes t Certfflcat e Managemen t Offlo e 102 0 Nort h Flye rWa y Saf t Lake Ctty . Uta h 84116-295 9 801-257-5100 . 800-332-279 5 Fax ; 801-257-513 8

Ma y17 , 201 1 Trackin g Number ; 235 2 Christophe rC . Brow n Directo ro f Aircraf t Operation s SkyWes t Airlines , (nc . 44 4 Sout h Rive rRoa d St . George , Uta h 84790-208 6 Dea rMr . Brown : Th e SkyWes t Certificat e Managemen t Offic e (CMO ) ha s reviewe d you rproposa l fo r a n amendmen t t o SkyWest' s approve d weigh t an d balanc e program . W e recogniz e an d appreciat e th e tim e an d effor t spen t i n developin g ne wstrategie s t o addres s an d reduc e th e documente d issue s wit h aircraf t loadin g an d documentatio n accuracy . Throug h collaborativ e revie wwit h Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n (FAA) , Northwes t Mountai n regiona l specialists , a s wel l a s FA Aheadquarter s groups , w e hav e identifie d th e followin g issues : 1 ) Titl e 1 4 o f th e Cod e o f Federa l Regulation s (1 4 CFR ) § 121.693(a ) require s th e loa d manifes t t o contai n th e weigh t o f th e aircraft , a s wel l a s carg o an d baggage . Unde rSkyWesf s proposal , th e loa d manifes t woul d no t comp( ywrt h 1 4 CF R § 121.693(a) , eve n r f th e airplan e wer e loade d correctly , becaus e o f th e built-i n "error^ . Additionally , 1 4 CF R § 121.66 5 states , i n part , tha t th e certificat e holde ri s responsibl e fo rth e accurac yo f th e loa d manifes t for m befor e eac h takeoff . Therefore , th e preparatio n o f th e loa d manifes t canno t begi n wit h a pre-existin g error , makin g i t impossibl e t o achiev e accuracy . 2 ) Curren t FA A guidanc e doe s no t addres s th e concep t o f baggag e coun t o r weigh t tolerances . Latitud e i s alread ygive n i n FA AAdvisor yCircula r120-27 E fo rth e us e o f averag e ba g an d passenge rweights . Thes e weight s ar e designe d t o creat e a baselin e standar d an d establis h saf e operatin g procedure s i n th e even t o f smal l variance s i n weights . Th e concep t o f a n additiona l toleranc e woul d likel yrequir e SkyWes t t o rever t first , t o usin g actua l ba g an d passenge rweights , o rusin g highe raverag e weight s t o remov e th e additiona l smal l variance s tha t exis t wit h th e curren t statisticall yderive d FAA approve d averag e weights .

### 3 ) SkyWest' s proposa l doe s no t addres s th e underlyin g issu e of inaccurat e performanc e byGroun d Servic e Agent s handlin g SkyWes t flights . Absen t othe rmitigatin g strategies , SkyWes t Airlines ' proposa l woul d no t reduc e th e error s previousl yidentifie d b yth e SkyWes t CMO . SkyWest' s proposal , a s i t stands , i s no t a huma n facto rmitigatio n strategy , bu t a huma n facto r compensatio n strategy . Additiona l FA

Asurveillanc e data , a s wel l a s variou s voluntar yprogra m data , continu e t o sfio werrors wel l outsid e th e scop e o f toleranc e tha t SkyWes t ha s proposed . A s such , SkyWest' s proposa l doe s no t sho wa significan t improvemen t i n th e safet yo f curren t weigh t an d balance-relate d operations . Therefore , th e CM O canno t approv e SkyWes f s propose d amendmen t at thi s time . Sincerely ,

^ ^ Andre wJ . Ayer s Principa l Operation s Inspecto r cc : Kle n P . Brooks , Vice Presiden t o f Fligh t Operation s

### Huma n EXHIBIT 2 2 factor s yoUc},'^' ^

## Huma n Factor s Polic y FA A Orde r

9550.8 A [Rev : Augus t 10 , 2005 J 1 . PURPOSE , Thi s orde r establishe s policy , procedures , an dresponsibilitie s fo r incorporatin g an dcoordinatin g huma n facto Rconsideration s i n Federa l Aviatio n Administratio n (FAA ) program s an dactivitie s t o enhanc e aviatio n safety , capability , efficiency , an dproductivity . 2 . DISTRIBUTION . Thi s orde r i s distribute dt o th e divisio n leve l i n Washington , regions , an dcenter s wit haliniile ddistributio n t o al l fieldoffice s an dfacilities . 3 . CANCELLATIONS . Thi s orde r supercede s FA A Orde r

9550. 8 date dOctobe r

27 , i 993 , whic hi s canceled . 4 . EXPLANATIO N O FCHANGES . Thi s orde r clarifie s th e meanin g o f huma n factor s considerations , provide s th e backgroun dfor th e huma n factor s approach , an destablishe s basi c polic y an dresponsibilitie s fo r incorporatin g huma n factor s i n agenc y functions . 5 . DEFINfTIONS . a . Huma n Factors . Withi n th e FAA , huma n factor s entail s amuUidisciplinai y effort t o generat e an dcompil e infonnatio n abou t huma n capabilitie s an dlimitation s an dappl y tha t informatio n t o equipment , systems , facilities , procedures , jobs , environments , training , staffing , an d personne l managemen t

fo r safe , comfortable , an deffectiv e huma n performance . b . Appendi x 1 , Huma n Factor s Stud y Areas , provide s alis t o f element s that

fijrther identif y th e scop e o f

hiuna n fectors consideration s for study , analysis , an dresolution . c . Appendi x 2 , Definitions , provide s description s o f othe r ke y term s use di n thi s order . 6 . BACKGROUND . a . Th e huma n facto r ha s bee n widel y recognize da s critica l t o aviatio n safet y an d effectiveness . In th e Jul y 198 8 repor t entitle d"Saf

e Skie s fo r

Tomorrow, " th e U.S . Congres s Offic e o f Technolog y Assessmen t conclude dtha t

long-ter mimprovement s i n aviatio n safet y wil l com e primaril y fromhuma n factor s solutions . Further , suc hsolution s wil l b e establishe dthroug h consistent , long-ter msuppor t fo r huma n factor s researc han ddevelopment , analysts , an dth e applicatio n o f

huma n factoi dinfonnation . Subsequen t t o th e Offic e o f

Technolog y Assessmen t report . Congres s enacte dth e Aviatio n Safety Researc hAc t o f 198 8 (P L100-591 ) callin g for th e FA A t o augmen t

it s researc heffort

i n human fartor s an densur e cooniinatio n wit hothe r agencie s performin g suc hresearch . Thes e assessment s an ddirection s resulte di n th e FAA' s emphasizin g ne w an dcoordinate deffort s i n th e are ao f human factor s withth e Nationa l Aeronautic s an dSpac e Administration , Departmen t o f Defense , an damultitud e o f professiona l aviatio n an dtechnica l group s whos e member s includ e pilo t an dcontrolle r

unions , airfiramc an dpart s raanufacturcrs, a s well a s majo r

airiines . On e produc t

o f suc heffort s include s th e "Nationa l Plan fo r Civi l Aviatio n Human Factors " whic houtline dacoheren t nationa l agend aaime dat achievin g progres s towar d safety an dproductivit y goals , increase dcoordination , funding , aiu l long-term , hig hleve l Pag e 1managemen t suppor t i n governmen t

an dindustry . Subsequen t t o establishin g th e Nationa l Plan , th e applicatio n o f

huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g ha s gaine dcontinue dattentio n an demphasi s i n aviatio n certification , regulation , operations , an dacquisitions . b . Benefit s derive dfromttii s systemati c approac ht o huma n factor s researc han d engineerin g include ;

1 ) hicreasc dpersorme l efficiency , effectiveness , an dproductivity ; 2 ) Improve dsyste mperformanc e an dusability ; 3 ) Reduce doperation s an dmaintenanc e costs ; 4 ) Increase davailabilit y o f objectiv e dat ai n formulatin g FA A policies , standards , regulations , an dbusines s cas e an dinvestmen t decisions ; an d 5 ) Enhance daviatio n safety . 7 . SCOPE : Thi s orde r establishe s apolic y t o foster an integrate dhuman factor s progra mtha t meet s FAA Itw ^ an dshort rang e need s coverin g bot hresearc han dengineerin g applications . Th e FAA Huma n Factor s Polic y Orde r

support s regulatio n an doperatio n o f th e Nationa l Airspac e Syste mby providin g a

n agend afor

th e conduc t

an dirtstitutionalizatio n o f human factor s activitie s relativ e t o achievin g regulatory goal s an dobjectives , executin g researc han ddevelopmen t programs , facilitatin g Capital Investmen t

Plan acquisitions , an drespondin g t o operationa l missio n performanc e requirements . 8 . OBJECTIVES , Th e huma n factory-orientedapproac hi s to : a . Conduc t

th e planning , reviewing , prioritization , coordination , generation , an d updatin g o f

vali dan dtimel y huma n factor s informatio n t o suppor t agenc y r>eeds ; b . Develo p an dinstitutionaliz e forma l procedure s tha t systematicall y incorporat e huma n factor s consideration s int o agenc y activiu'es ; an d c . Establis han dmaintai n organizationa l infrastructur e that provide s th e necessar y huma n factor s expertis e t o agenc y program s an dactivities . 9 . HUMA N FACTOR S COORDINATIN GCOMMITTEE . Thi s oMc r prescribe s th e organization , composition , functions , an dresponsibilitie s o f an intra-FA A committe e t o coordinat e th e generation , distributio n an dexplicatio n o f huma n facior s infontutio n throug harepresentativ e Human Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e a s state di n Appendi x 3 , Human Factor s Coordinatin g Committee . Th e committe e wil l serv e t o enhanc e th e identificatio n o f huma n factor s requirements , facilitat e th e integratio n o f huma n factor s int o activitie s withi n th e agency , promot e th e improvemen t

o f existin g policie s an dprocesses , an dmonito r th e efficac y o f

huma n factor s effort s withi n FAA . 10 . HUMA N FACTOR S POLICY . Huma n factor s shal l b e systematicall y integrate dint o th e plannin g an dexecutio n o f th e function s o f

al l FA A organizationa l element s an dactivitie s associate d withNationa l Airspac e Syste mac:quisition s an doperations . FAA organization s shal l emphasiz e huma n factor s an dusabilit y consideration s t o enhanc e syste m performanc e an dcapitaliz e upo n th e relativ e strength s o f peopl e an dmachines . Thes e considerarion s shal l l>

e integrate dat

th e earlies t

phase s o f

FA A project s an dincorporate dwithi n th e processe s for

fulfillin g OM B Exhibi t 30 0 requirements . Th e FAA' s Human Factor s Polic y Orde r i s Pag e 2achieve dthroug hahuman-eentcre demphasi s i n operations ^ research , applications , an dinfiastnictur c siq^wrt resultin g i

n saf e an deffectiv e human-syste minterfaces . Progra mmanager s shal l emplo y huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g bes t practice s t o acquir e system s tha t requir e minima l stafTmg , provid e cost-effectiv e training , allo w efficien t operatio n an dmaintenance , an dar e operationall y suitabl e withi n th e intende denvironment . Human performanc e shal l b e integrate dint o procedur e development , syste mperformanc e evaluation , rulemaking , syste macquisition s (includin g busines s an dadministrativ e systems) , architectur e engineering , an dothe r activitie s withi n th e agency . Human factor s consideration s an dhuman-syste mperformanc e dat ashal l b e a n integra l elemen t o f an dincorporate dint o activitie s aj> ddecision s relate dt o missio n analyse s an dmissio n nee d statements , performanc e baseline s an dmeasures , safety risk managemen t

analyses , investmen t analyse s an dreports , requirement s documents , progra mplans , sourc e selectio n criteria , desig n reviews , tes t

an devaluatio n plan s an dreports , implementatio n plans , an dpost-deploymen t assessmen t

plan s an dreviews . FA A organization s shal l caus e t o b e availabl e for thei r program s th e essentia l informatio n require dt o integrat e human factor s consideration s aj^ropriatel y an dsuccessfully , inte r alia :

• Ho w huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g i s organize dan daccomplishe d(e.g. , personne l an dfundin g resources ; organization , roles, an drelationships ; huma n factor s plan s o r roa d map ; roles , content , an dpurpos e o f huma n factor s workin g groups ) • (Quantitativ e human performanc e measure s an dcriteri a " Human factor s risks an dmeans/method s t o mitigat e the m • Lif e cycl e cost s an dbenefit s includin g staffin g an dtrainin g • Analytica l method s an dtechnica l tool s t o conduc t human &ctor s activitie s • Conventions , guidelines , an dstandard s neede dt o appl y human factor s * Measures , databases , an drelate dinformatio n on human-in-the-loo p operationa l performanc e • Result s fromhuman-in-thc-kx> p analyses , modeling , simulations , demonstrations , an d • Lesson s learne dabou t addressin g huma n factor s i n FA A program s (e.g. , i n requirements , investmen t

analysis , research , analysis , design , specifications , statement s o f work , sourc e selectio n criteria , tes t

an devaluation , post-deploymen t assessment ) fo r researc han dengineerin g program s an dapplications . 11 . RESPONSIBILITIES . IL I Al l FA A Organizations : T o ensur e that

huma n factor s ar e systematicall y include di n FAA endeavors . Assistan t an d Associat e Administrators , Executiv e Directors , an dAi r Traffi c Organizatio n Vic e President s shal l establis han dassig n responsibilitie s t o accomplis hth e polic y an dobjective s cite di n Paragraph s 8 (Objectives ) an d1 0 (Huma n Factor s Policy ) withi n thei r organizationa l purview , t o include ; a . Execution . Conduc t

activitie s to : • Appl y huma n fectors informatio n an dmethod s t o FA A syste macquisitions , operations . Pag e 3ccrtificaiioo , an dregulator y activitie s i n th e promotio n o f civi l aviatiorL Ensur e operationa l human performanc e constraint s an denhaiKemcnt s ar e routinel y irK»rporatc di

n missi< manalysi s an dcapability/requirement s determinatio n processes , lif e cycl e cos t

aiK l beoefi t analyses , risk

assessments , syste moperationa l performanc e specificaticms , syste mbaselin e measurements , solicitatio n packag e preparatio n an dsourc e evaluation , syste mcritica l operationa l issue s an dcriteri a(a s wel l a s measure s o f effectivenes s an dmeasure s o f performance) , operationa l tes t an devaluatio n plans , program reviews , post-contrac t

activities , programimplementation , arx l post-deploymen t assessments . • Acquir e necessar y huma n performanc e informatio n b y mean s o f th e research , engineering , an ddevelopmen t processes . • Asses s th e supportability an daffordabilit y o f human resourc e requirement s (e.g. , staffin g an dtraining ) t o mee t

plan s fo r th e future NA S architectur e an dsystems . • Implemen t

erro r [weventio n an dmitigatio n strategie s t o emphasiz e hiunan erro r reduction .

- Integrat e huma n factor s int o fault tre e analyse s an dothe r

risk managemen t

technique s fo

r (^>eration an dmaintenanc e activities . • Asses s an drepor t

o n usabilit y s o a s t o identif y an denabl e resolutio n o f huma n factor s issue s throughou t

aproduct' s lifecycle , t o includ e coordinatin g wit happropriat e authoritie s o n issue s relate dt o accessibilit y an daccommodatio n fo r peopl e with disabilitie s an dspecia l needs . b . Huma n Factor s Coordinator . Designat e aHuma n Factor s Coordinato r wh o wil l perform , direct , o r

assis t in : • Servin g a s th e organization' s representativ e t o th e Huma n Facior s Coordinatin g Committe e • Definin g huma n factor s risks an dmitigatio n plan s durin g missio n analysis , investmen t analysis , an drequirement s determination . • Identifyin g himian-syste minterface s an dcomputer-huma n interface s fo r marke t surveys , trad e studies , an dprototypes . • Preparin g an dupdatin g huma n factor s portion s o f acquisitio n an dengineerin g managen>ent

plans , procuremen t

packages , tes t

an devaluatio n plans , performanc e measure s an dcriteria , an ddat acollectio n efforts . Developin g an danalyzin g operationa l scenarios , human-syste mmodeling , an dhiunan
in-the-loo p simulation s for operator s an dmaintainers . • Reviewin g an dassessin g huma n factor s concept s an ddesign s (e.g. , i n requirement s reviews , syste mreviews , produc t reviews , chang e proposals) . Coordinatin g huma n factor s engineerin g effort s an duse r workin g grou p activities . Coordinatin g huma n factor s i n trainin g development , integrate dlogistic s support , safety , configuratio n management , an dothe r syste mengineerin g fimctions . C Syste mEngiQeering . Establis hmechanism s t o incorporat e huma n factor s risk consideration s i n syste mengineerin g plans , products , functions , an dactivitie s a t th e product , servic e area , an dNationa l Airspac e Syste marchitectur e level . d . Safet y Managemen t

System . Includ e huma n factor s consideration s i n safet y managemen t

syste mplans , programs , projects , fimctions , activities , an dris k assessments . Th e

Pag e Anecessar y component s t o incorporat e huma n factor s int o th e definition , development ,

implementation , an dmonitorin g o f safet y managemen t

syste mrisks irulude : • Th e scop e o f

huma n factor s area s o f

interes t • Tool s an dtechnique s used , aiK l thcrr frequency o f

us e • Dat aari ddatabase s used , an dthei r qualit y an davailabilit y • Metric s an dmeasure s used , an dho w the y ar c score d • Standard s an dconvention s used , an dcomplianc e wit hthe m • Principle s an dguideline s applied , an dbo w widel y the y ar e followe d • Polic y ar>

dprocesse s implemented , an dt o what degre e the y ar e execute d • Lesson s learne dan dbes t practice s followed , an dho w consistentl y the y ar c employe d e . Progra mPerformanc e Measuremen t Establis hmechanism s b y whic ht o continuousl y improv e th e huma n factor s progra macros s th e stakeholders , customers , interna l busines s processes , an dlearnin g an dgrowt hperspective s usin g progra mperformanc e tneasurc s an dtool s suc ha s th e huma n factor s balance dscorecar dapproach . t Processe s an dProcedures . Establis harul apply : Processe s an dprocedure s that systematicall y identif

y th e human factor s expertis e essential t o applyin g human &ctor s t o acquisition , operations , oertificaticm , an dregulatory activities . • Mechanism s b y whic hagenc y lon g rang e plannin g initiative s incorporat e forecast s wit h a human dimension . g . Educatio n an dTnuning . Support , participat e in , an dconduc t • Managerial an dexecutiv e leve l awarenes s trainin g for human factors . Programmanagemen t

tea man dengineerin g staf f technical trainin g for

managemen t

o f human factor s i n acquisitio n an doperations . Operationa l leve l huma n factor s familiarizatio n training . Academic-Industry-Govemmcn t coordinatio n an dtechnolog y transfe r o n th e applicatio n o f human factors . Professional trainin g an deducatio n fo r human factor s coordinator s an dsupport employee s o n topic s an dissue s relate dt o th e human factor s discipline . h . Staffing , Facilities , an dFunding . Plan an dconduc t resourc e activitie s t o ensure : • Accessibility o f

huma n Victor s specialist s fo r analysis , design , evaluation , an d implementatio n activitie s throu^rou t th e agency . Availability o f

huma n factor s quality contro l persorme l for oversight , direction , an dsuppor t Adequat e hmdin g fo

r huma n factor s technical suppor t • Sufficienc y o f

fundin g fo

r huma n performanc e research , engineering , an ddat acollectio n projects . • Availability o f

sufficien t

researc hsubject s an dacces s t o facilitie s s o a s t o ensur e th e scientifi c validity o f

a^^Hovedresearc han dstudies . 1 1 ^ Huma n Factor s Researc han dEngineerin g Division . Th e Huma n Factor s Researc han d Engineerin g Divisio n enhance s th e safet y an defficienc y o f th e NationaJ Airspac e Syste mb y managin g huma n factor s aviatio n researc hfo r th e agency , coordinatin g activitie s fo r th e huma n factor s "communit y o f

practice " acros s th e agency , an dprovidin g hum^ i factor s suppor t t o researc h Pag e 5an dengineerin g activitie s withi n th e Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Operation s Plannin g servic e are aan d othe r organizationa l element s a s appropriate . Th e Progra mDirecto r fo r Huma n Fetor s serve s a s th e principa l adviso r

o n huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g t o th e Administrator , th e Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Chie f Operatin g Officer , an dth e Federa l Acquisitio n Executive . Th e function s o f

th e Huma n Factor s Researc han dEngineerin g Divisio n ar c organize da s follows :

. Principa l adviso r

an dfocal poin t

t o th e FA A Administrator , Ai r Traffic Organizatio n Chie f Operatin g Officer , an dth e Federa l Acquisitio n Executiv e o n huma n factor s agenc y researc han dai r 

## i Operatin g traffi c managemen t

engineering . a . Act s a s th e huma n factor s foca l poin t withi n an doutsid e th e agenc y fo r FA A huma n factor s researc hmanagemen t

huma n factor s policy , an dbroa dAi r Traffi c Organizatio n huma n fetor s engineerin g applicatioas . b . Provide s recommendation s an dadvic e o n huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g t o th e FAA Administrator , Ai r

Traffi c Organizatio n Chie f Operatin g Officer , an dFedera l Acquisitio n Executiv e a s rcquired . c . Provide s huma n factor s guidaiKC , direction , sponsorship , an drepresentatio n t o interna l an d external , nationa l an dinternationa l FA A work groups , committees , symposia , an dconferences . d . Ensure s huma n factors ar e integrate di n othe r FAA organizations ' activitie s a s appropriate . n . Manage s FAA Huma n Factor s Research , Engineering , an dDevelopmen t Program . e . Serve s a s Huma n Factor s Researc hProgra mManage r an dprovide s strategic , budgetary , an d technica l directio n fo r

agenc y resourc e Research , Engineering , & Developmen t plannin g an d executior L f Performs technica l qualit y assuranc e fo r huma n factor s research . g . Ensure s coordinatio n an dintegratio n betwee n researc han dapplicatio n area s (Le. , acquisition , certification , regulation, an dstandards) . h . Serve s a s [wimar

y inlerfec e o n human factor s for Research , Engineering , & Developmen t ai r traffi c managemen t

an dsafet y program s wit

hdomesti c an dinternationa l agCTcie s suc ha s Departmen t o f Defense , Nationa l Aeronautica l Spac e Administration, an dEurocontrol . i . Serve s a s th e Designate dFederal Official for th e Researc han dDevelopmen t Advisory Committe e Sutjcommittc e o n Human Factors . Also , provide s human factor s programmati c su{^K>r t t o Researc h an dDevelopmen t

Advisory Committe e Subcommitte e o n Aircraf t Safety , an dSufxxMnmittee o n Ai r Traffi c Services . 111 . Conduct s suppor t

activitie s fo r

th e huma n factor s ''communit y o f practice " acros s th e agency . j . Cl^airs , directs , an dorchestrate s activitie s o f th e FA A Huma n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e a s se t fort hunde r Appendi x 3 (Huma n Facior s Coordinatin g Committee ) o f thi s order . Pag e 6k . Coordinate s fo r th e aget>cy th e communication , evaluation , advice , an dsupport for th e human factor s communit y o f

(wacric e o n strategi c planning , risk management , an dorganizationa l infrastructurc requirement s arx l capabilitie s for human factor s activitie s an dexpertise . 1 . Support s education , training , an dprofessiona l developmen t program s t o mee t

th e huma n factor s communit y o f

practic e needs . m . Advise s an dprovide s researc han dengineerin g assistance , consultatiort , o r augmentatio n t o agenc y program s fo r

huma n factor s product s an dservices . n . Fo r Ai r Traffi c Organization , assesse s an dsupport s developmen t o f quantitativ e measures , analytica l methods , convention s aitdguidelines , technical tools , dat aaiK l databas e availability , human performarK e criteria , lif e cycl e cost*; , human-in-tbe-bo p analyses , an d"lesson s leamod " for human Actor s researc han dengineerin g applications . o . Fo r Ai r Traffi c Organization , serve s a s clearinghouse , quality assurance , an ddocumen t contro l for hunm n Victors polic y an dstandards . IV . Provide s huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g suppor t t o activitie s withi n th e Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Ot>cration s Plannin g (ATO-P ) servic e are aan dothe r organizationa l element s a s appropriate . p . Serv e a s ainembe r

o f th e ATO- P sponsore dSyste mEngineerin g Counci l t o ensur e incorporatio n o f

huma n factor s consideration s i n NA S Enterpris e Architectur e development s an dnx)dification s an dt o enhanc e human-syste mintegratio n i n othe r syste mengineerin g crxleavors . q . Ensure s huma n factor s i s coordinate dan dintegrate di n Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Operation s Plannin g servic e are aplanning , analysis , development , an dimplementatio n activities . r . Provide s huma n factor s researc han dengineerin g support t o Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Operation s Plannin g activities . s . Provide s huma n factor s leadershi p arn l service s i n suppor t o f othe r Ai r Traffic Organization s a s required . 11 3 Checklis t

fo r Huaia aFactor s Researc han dEngiaeering . Appendi x 2 , Organizationa l Checklis t fo r Huma n Factor s Research , Applications , an dIn&asiructur e Suppor t provide s an outlin e o f ke y item s fo r

tailorin g an dreview withi n al l FAA organizations . Administrato r

Pag e 7APPENDI X I HUMA N FACTOR S STUD Y AREA S 1 . Allocatio n o f

Function : Assignin g thos e roles/functions/task s fo r whic hth e huma n o r equipmen t

perfonn s bette r

whil e enablin g th e human t o maintai n awarenes s o f th e operationa l situation . 2 . Anthropometric s an dBiomechanics : Accommodatin g th e physica l attribute s o f it s use r populatio n (e.g. , fromttw : 1st throug h99t hpercentil e levels) . 3 . CH I (Computer-Huma aInteractioa) : Employin g effectiv e an dconsisten t use r dialogues , interfaces , an dprocedure s acros s syste mfunctions . 4 . Communication s an dTeamwork : Applyin g syste mdesig n consideration s t o enhanc e require duse r

commimicarion s an dteamwork . 5 . Culture : Addressin g th e organizationa l aru l sociologica l environmen t int o whic han y change , includin g ne w technologie s an dprocedures , wil l b e introduced . 6 . Display s an dControls : Designin g an darrangin g display s an dcontrol s t o b e consisten t with th e operator' s an dmaintainer' s task s an dactions . 7 . Documentation : Preparin g use r documentatio n an dtectmica l manual s i n asuitabl e format

o f informatio n presentation , at th e appropriat e readin g level , an dwithth e require ddegre e o f technica l sophisticatio n an dclarity . 8 . Environment : Accommodatin g environmenta l factor s (includin g extremes ) t o whic hth e syste mwil l b e subjecte dan dunderstandin g th e associate deffect s o n human-syste m performance . 9 . Functiona l Design : Applyin g hurrwn-centereddesig n for usabilit y an dcompatibilit y with operationa l an dmaintenarK C coiKepts . 10 . Huma n Error : Examinin g desig n an dcontextua l condition s (includin g supervisor y an d organizationa l influences ) a s catLsa l factor s contributin g t o huma n error , an dconsideratio n o f objective s fo r

erro r tolerance , erro r

prevention , an derro r

correction/recovery . 11 . Informatio n Presentation : Enhancin g operato r an dmaintaine r

performanc e throug hth e us e o f effectiv e an dconsisten t

lat>els , symbols , colors , terms , acronyms , abbreviations , formats , an d dat afields. 12 . Inrormatio n Requirements : Ensurin g th e availabilit y an dusabilit y o f informatio n neede db y th e operato r

an dmaintaine r

fo r aspecifi c tas k

whe n i t i s needed , an di n aformtha t i s directl y usable . 13 . I/ O Devices : Selectin g inpu t an doutpu t

(I/O ) method s an ddevice s tha t allo w operator s o r maintainer s t o performtasks , especiall y critica l tasks , quickl y ar> daccurately . 14 . KSA s (Knowledge , Skills , Abilities) : Measurin g di e knowledge , skills , an dabilitie s (KSAs ) require dt o perfor mjob-relate dtasks , an ddeterminin g appropriat e selectio n requirement s fo r users . 15 . Operationa l Suitabilit>' : Ensurin g that th e syste mappropriatel y support s th e use r i n performin g intende dfimction s whil e maintainin g interoperabilit y an dconsistenc y withothe r syste melement s o r

suppor t systems . 16 . Procedures : Designin g operatio n an dmaintenanc e procedure s for simplicity , consistency , an d eas e o f use . 17 . Safet y an dHealth : Preventing/reducin g operato r an dmaintaine r

exposur e t o safet y an dhealth hazards . 18 . Situationa l Awareness : Enablin g operator s o r maintainer s t o perceiv e an dunderstan d Pag e 8element s o f th e curren t

situation , an dprojec t

the mt o future operationa l situations . 19 . Specia l Skill s an dTools : Minimizin g th e nee dfor specia l o r

uniqu e operato r

o r maintaine r skills , abilities , tools , o r

characteristics . 20 . Stalling ; Accommodatin g constraint s an defficiencie s for staffin g level s an dorganizationa l structures . 21 . Training : Applyin g method s t o enhanc e operato r o r maintaine r

acquisitio n o f

th e knowledg e an dskill s neede dt o interfac e with th e system , an ddesignin g tfia t syste ms o tha t

thes e skill s ar e easil y learne dan dretained. 22 . Visual/Aaditor^ ' Alerts : Designin g visua l an dauditor y alert s (includin g erto r messages ) t o invok e th e necessar y operato r an dmaintaine r

response . 23 . Workload : Assessin g th e ne t demand s o r

impact s upo n th e physical , cognitive , an ddecision
makin g resource s o f

an operato r

o r maintaine r

usin g objectiv e an dsubjectiv e performanc e measures . 24 . Wor k

Space : Designin g adequat e wor k spac e fo r

personne l an dthei r

tool s o r equipmen t

an d providin g sufficien t

spac e fo r

th e movement s an daction s tha t personne l perfor mdurin g operationa l an dmaintenanc e task s unde r normal , adverse , an demergenc y conditions .

Pag e 9APPENDI X 2 DEFINTION S Huma n Factor s Engineering . Huma n factor s engineerin g entail s th e applicatio n o f huma n ^tor s consiffcratiiMi s concurren t wit h<«he r engineerin g discipline s durin g th e analysis , (ksign , development , testing , an dfielding o f

asystem , service , o r

fecility i n whic hhuman performaiK e i s essentia l i n meetin g safet y an dcapabilit y objectives . Huma n Factor s Research . Huma n factor s researc hentail s th e sciendfi c acquisitio n o f informatio n ahou l huma n capabilitie s arxl limitation s relatedl o hardware , software , facilities , procedures , jobs , organizations , environments , training , staffing , errors , situati<Hia l awareness , workload , pct^Mine l nianagcmen t

decisio n support

tools , an dothe r

performar>c e implication s i n whic hth e huma n i s a componen t

i n n>eeting safet

y an dcapability objectives . Human -Ce n tered . Th e concep t an dstructure dproces s o f concep t an drequirement s definition , design , devclofMnent , an dimplementatio n that identifie s th e use r

a s th e focal poin t

o f th e effort fo r whic hprocedures , equipmen t facilities , an dothe r

component s serv e t o suppor t huma n capabilitie s an dcompensat e fo r

huma n limitatiotis ; sometime s als o calle d"user-centered. " Hinnan-Svstc mIntegration . Th e concep t an dprocesse s associate dwit hoptimizin g tota l syste m performanc e vi afull y incorporatin g huma n factor s consideration s (includin g manpowe r levels , personne l attributes , traiiung , safet y an doccupationa l health , ergonomic s an dhuma n engineering ) i n progra mdefinition , analysis , desigp , developmen t testing , an dimplerticntation . Q M B Exhibi t

30 0 Requirements . Th e analyses , information , an ddocumentatio n associate dwit h OM B Circula r

J I , Part 7 , Exhibi t

30 0 requirement s an dal l attachment s necessar y t o initiate , baseline , develop , an dmanag e aprogra meffectivel y an defficiently . Syste mAcquisitions . Syste macquisition s encompas s function s relate dt o al l FA A majo r an dnon majo r acquisition s includin g developmenta l items , non-developmcnta l items , commercial-off-the
shel f procurements , researc han dtechnica l services , hardwar e an dsoftwar e acquisitions , an d facilities . Syste mOperations . Syste moperation s encompas s al l function s relatedt o th e operation , maintenance , an dregulation o f th e Nationa l Airspac e Syste munde r th e purvie w o f

FAA .

Pag e 1APPE\D1 X 2 ORGANIZATIONA LCHECKLIS T FO RHUMA N FACTOR S RESEARCH ,

APPLICATIONS , AN D INFRASTRUCTUR E SUPPOR T Th e followin g checkhs t

item s support

th e implementatio n an dcomplianc e wit hthi s orde r Fo r Research : Plan , review, an dprioritiz e huma n factcH ^ researc hwhic hsupport s th e organization' s needs . • Are human factor s effort s responsiv e an dsynchrwiize dt o you r organizationa l need s i

n atimel y basis ? Ar c you provide dwit

ha n adequat e strateg y t o conduc t human fact<M

s effort s at

th e appropriat e locatio n (e.g. , contractor , laboratory) ? Are human factor s effort s communicate dan dcoordinate dacros s othe r Research , Engineerin g & Developmen t

effort s an dwit horganization s outsid e th e FAA t o maximiz e leveraging ? Doe s th e prope r

mi x exis t

betwee n short-termv s long-term , in-hous e v s extra-mural , an dcontrac t v s university t o satisf

y specifi c himian factor s requirements? Are mechanism s adequat e t o transfe r an dappl y informatio n generate dfromhuman factor s researc ht o organizatifflia

l fimctitms ? Fo r Applications : Develo p an dinstitutionaliz e forma l mechanism s that

systematicall y incorporat e huma n fectors considCTation s int o th e cw^anization' s activities . Arc human rescHirce constraint s aru l human-syste mperformanc e consideration s identifie deari y i n organizatio n progra mactivities ? Are human resourc e impact s o f th e progra midentified ? D o syste moperationa l performaric e specification s (includin g syste mintegratio n requirements ) conside r huma n factors ? I s human performanc e fo

r th e program/projec t

quantitativel y measured ? I s huma n performanc e an dusability an explici t itemi n contiact^veiKlo r

evaluatio n criteri aan d contrac t award ? Hav e analyse s bee n dor

K an ddat abee n mad e availabl e t o addres s huma n performance ? Doe s use r

involvemen t

i n th e program/projec t

follo w astructured , performanc e data-drive n strategy ? D o critical operationa l issue s an dcriteri ai n requirement s an dtestin g reflect huma n performanc e i n operational terms ? D o lif e cycl e cost s reflect

tota l huma n resourc e commitments ? Ha s th e syste mbee n stresse dt o it s performanc e limit s (incliKlin g human-in-the-Io< ^ analysis) ? D o program-'projec t

decision s us e human performanc e data ? Arc huma n performanc e issue s an d"lesson s learned " capture dfo r subsequen t

applications ? Fo r Infrastructur e Sopport : Establis han dmaintai n th e infrastructiu e that provide s th e organizatio n wit hth e necessary human facior s expertis e an dcapabilities . Arc huma n factor s expert s availabl e an dinvolved ? I s ther e appropriat e representatio n an dcoordinatio n o f organizationa l huma n factor s efforts ? I s there continuity o f

human factor s effort ? Are ther e adequat e fund s for require dhuman factor s tasks ? Arc th e aj^ropriat e human fectors tools , techniques , an dtechnical capabilitie s available ? • Doe s trainin g provid e th e prope r leve l o f huma n factor s awareness/imderstarKting ? Pag e 2D o policies , processes , an dprocedure s enhanc e th e consideratio n o f huma n performance ? • Are jo b aid s an dpractitione r tool s availabl e t o support an daj^l y huma n factor s considerations ? Fo r Progra mReviews : Ar c sufficient

huma n factw s resource s availabl e t o ensur e th e program' s success ? • I s th e responsibility fo r huma n factor s centrall y directe dfor coordinatio n an defficiency ? I s human factor s expertis e integra l t o th e tea mdecisio n makin g an dprocesses ? I s human factor s integrate dint o syste mengineerin g activities ? Ar c human factor s issue s regularl y raise darxl resolve di n program/projec t deliberations , functions , activities , an ddecisions ? • Are syste mrequirements , speciflcarions , an devaluation s replet e wit hoperator

an dmaintaine r performanc e parameters ?

Pag e 3APPENDL X 3 HUMA N FACTOR S COORDINATIN G COMMITTE E Th e Huma n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e shal l continu e i n forc e t o facilitat e FA A huma n factor s endeavor s constroctivel y an denhanc e th e us e o f huma n factor s information . Compositio n aiK J function s o f

th e Hiuna n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e ar c a s follows : 1 . Organization . Th e conmiitte e shal l b e organize da s asteerin g an dcoordinatin g bod y that i s facilitate db y temporar y o r permanen t

subcommittee s o r

workin g group s a s required . 2 . Composition . Th e committe e shal l b e sponsore dan dchaire db y th e FA A Huma n Factor s Researc han dEngineerin g Progra mDirector . Th e compositio n o f th e Huma n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e wil l b e a s deeme dnecessar y t o promot e an dsuppor t th e executio n an dimplementatio n o f huma n factor s bes t

practice s withi n th e FA A an dt o ensur e th e bes t

intercst s o f

th e government . Unde r th e provision s o f

Paragrap h1 1 (Responsibilities ) o f

thi s order , candidat e organization s shal l eac hdesignat e on e numbe r (o r mor e i f necessary ) wh o shal l hav e th e authorit y t o represen t tha t organizatio n i n huma n factor s matters . A recordin g secretar y shal l b e appointe db y th e committe e fo r th e purpos e o f

preparin g minute s o f

th e meetings . Th e Huma n Factor s Cxx>rdinattn g Committe e shal l encourag e participatio n i n it s activitie s b y other s withsignifican t huma n fectors responsibilities . Candidat e organization s include :

- Ai r Traffi c Organizatio n Servic e Area s

- Associat e -Administrato r fo r Aviatio n Safet y

- Associat e Administrato r for Airport s

- Associat e Administrato r f<H " Commercia l Spac e Transportatio n

- Assistan t

Administrato r

for Informatio n Service s

- Assistan t

Administrato r

fo r Regio n an dCente r

Operation s

- Researc hDevelopmen t & Huma n Factor s Laboratory , Willia mJ . Hughe s Technica l Cente r

- Huma n Resource s Researc hDivision , Civi l Aeromcdica l Institute , Offic e o f Aerospac e Medicin e

- Aeromedica l Researc hDivision , Civi l Aeromedica l Institute , Offic e o f Aerospac e Medicin e 3 . Fimctions . Th e Huma n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e shal l fiinction a s a n intra-FA A committe e t o coordinat e huma n factor s information , matters , an dactivitie s amon g th e executives , associat e administrators , an dassistan t administrator s an dthei r organizations . Specifi c fimction s o f th e Huma n Factor s Coordinatin g Committe e ar e to : a . Enhanc e th e identificatio n o f human factor s researc hrequirement s an dth e coordinatio n o f

researc hresults ; b . Foste r

th e disseminatio n an dexchang e o f huma n factor s informatio n amon g agenc y organizations ; Pag e 4c . Facilitat e th e integratio n o f huma n factor s int o procedur e development , syste mperformanc e evaluation , rulemaking , syste macquisitions , an dothe r activitie s withi n th e agency ; d . Identif

y th e nee dfo r

change s t o existin g policies , processes , researc h programs , regulations , o r othe r huma n factors-relate dactivitie s an dprograms ; an d c . Monito r

th e efficac y o f

huma n factor s effort s an dprogram s withi n FAA . 4 . Administration . Th e HFC C shal l develo p interna l operatin g procedure s tha t defin e th e frequency o f

meetings , th e structur e an drelationship o f workin g group s an d subcommittees , an dth e processe s an dprocedure s b y whic hit s activitie s ar e t o b e carrie d out . 5 . Responsibilities . a . Th e Chairperson . Th e chairperso n shal l b e responsibl e for : (1 ) Ensurin g tha t

th e fimctions o f

th e committe e ar e accomplished ; (2 ) Establishin g agenda , schedules , an dlocation s fo r meetings ; (3 ) Reviewin g committe e documentatio n prio r t o publicatio n o r distribution ; and ,

(4 ) Ensurin g appropriat e representation, organization , documentation , an dadministratio n t o suppor t th e committee . b . Committe e Members . Committe e member s shal l b e responsibl e fo r (1 ) Supportin g subcommittees , workin g groups , an dothe r mean s o f coordinatin g huma n factor s progra mactivitie s withi n an dacros s thei r organizations ; (2 ) Supportin g thei r

re^xxtiv e huma n factor s researc han d engineerin g program s withi n thei r organizations ; (3 ) Monitorin g thei r

respectiv e huma n factor s researchrequirement s developmen t

processe s withi n thei r

organizations ; (4 ) Providin g information , briefings , an ddocumentatio n t o th e committe e o n huma n factor s matter s withi n thei r organizations ; (5 ) Atterwiin g committe e meeting s o r designatin g a n aHemat e i f attendanc e i s no t

possible ; an d Pag e 5(6 ) Participatin g i n committe e an dothe r activitie s suc ha s workshops , seminars , an dhuma n factor s researc han dengineerin g progra mreviews, a s appropriate .

Pag e 6