# OAR Box 1165 Prepped by Ollie Stewart



# Document

Number: 

# 252 ) F

. R

. February24 , 199 4 p. i



# Docket Number: 

# A-90-0 7

Printed 4/28/2008 11:52:23 AM Sheet 252 of 257P. 3

888 6 Federa l Registe r / Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24

. 199 4 / Propose dRule s Wm93m 9m m

jm 1 mmgm m m m mmmm m m a m m m nm mmgan m a mm n mmmmm l mmmmm m mBmnammmmam^ (i ) O n al l interes t

rat e reductio n refinancin g loan s guarantee dunde r Section s 3710(a)(8 ) an d3710(b)(7 ) th e fe e shal l b e 0.5 0 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amount

. (ii ) O n al l refinancin g loan s othe r tha n thos e describe di n paragrap h(e)(l)(i ) o f thi s section , th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 2.7 5 percen t

o f th e loa n amoun t

for loan s t o veteran s whos e entitlemen t i s base do n servic e i n th e Selecte dReserv e unde r th e provision s o f

sectio n 3701(b)(5 ) o f

titl e 38 , U.S.C , an d2 percen t o f tli e loa n amoun t

fo r loan s t o al l othe r veterans , provided , however , tha t i f th e vetera n i s usin g entitlemen t fo r asecon do r

subsequen t

time , th e fe e shal l b e 3 percen t

o f th e loa n amount

. (iii ) Excep t

fo r loan s t o veteran s whos e entitlemen t

i s base do n servic e i n th e Selecte dReserv e unde r th e provision s o f

sectio n 3701(b)(5 ) o f

titl e 38 , U.S.C , th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 2 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amoun t

fo r al l loan s fo r th e purchas e o r

constructio n o f ahom e o n whic hth e vetera n doe s no t mak e adow n payment , unles s th e vetera n i s usin g entitlemen t fo r asecon d o r subsequen t

time , i n whic hcas e th e fe e shal l b e 3 percent

. O n purchas e o r constructio n loan s o n whic hth e vetera n make s adow n paymen t o f 5 percen t

o r more , bu t

Jes s tha n 1 0 percent , th e amoun t o f th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 1.5 0 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amount

. O n purchas e o r

constructio n loan s o n whic hth e vetera n make s adow n paymen t o f 1 0 percen t

o r more , th e amoun t o f th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 1.2 5 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amount

. (iv ) O n loan s t o veteran s whos e entitlemen t

i s base do n servic e i n th e Selecte dReserv e unde r th e provision s o f sectio n 3701(b)(5 ) o f

titl e 38 , U.S.C , th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 2.7 5 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amoun t

o n loan s for

th e purchas e o r

constructio n o f

ahom e o n whic hth e vetera n doe s no t mak e a dow n payment , unles s th e vetera n i s usin g entitlemen t

fo r asecon do r subsequen t

time , i n whic hcas e th e fe e shal l b e 3 percent

. O n purchas e o r constructio n loan s o n whic hveteran s whos e entitlemen t

i s base do n servic e i n th e Selecte dReserv e mak e adow n paymen t o f 5 percen t

o r more , bu t

les s tha n 1 0 percent , th e amoun t o f th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 2.2 5 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amount

. O n purchas e o r constructio n loan s o n whic hsuch , veteran s mak e adow n paymen t o f 1 0 percen t o r more , th e amoun t

o f th e fundin g fe e shal l b e 2.0 0 percen t o f th e tota l loa n amount

. (v ) Al l o r par t o f suc hfe e ma y b e pai d i n cas ha t

loa n closin g o r

al l o r par t o f th e fe e ma y b e include di n th e loa n withou t regar dt o th e reasonabl e valu e o f th e propert y o r

th e compute d maximu mloa n amount , a s appropriate

. I n computin g th e fee , th e lende r wil l disregar dan y amoun t

include di n th e loa n t o enabl e th e borrowe r t o pa y suc h fee

. * aa* * 10

. Sectio n 36.433 6 i s amende db y revising paragraph s (a)(2)(i) ; an db y addin g ane w paragrap h(a)(4 ) t o rea da s follows : § 36.433 6 Eligibilit y o t loans ; reasonabl e valu e requirements

. (a ) * * * {1 ) * * * (2)(i ) Excep t

a s t o refinancin g loan s pursuan t t o 3 8 U.S.C

. 371 0 (a)(8 ) o r (b)(7 ) an denerg y efficien t mortgage s pursuan t t o 3 8 U.S.C

. 3710(d) , th e loa n includin g an y schedule ddeferre d interes t adde dt o principal , doe s no t excee dth e reasonable valu e o f th e propert y o r

projecte dreasonabl e valu e o f ane w hom e whic hi s securit y fo r a graduate dpaymen t

mortgag e loan , a s appropriate , a s determine db y th e Secretary , an d * * * * * (4 ) A loa n guarantee dunde r 3 8 U.S.C

. 3710(d ) whic hinclude s th e cos t o f Unde r

th e propose dregulations , manufacturer s o f

F/FA s woul db e require dt o conduc t

certai n test s an d submi t informatio n regarding th e compositio n o f

emission s produce db y suc hF/FA s an dth e effect s o f thes e emission s o n publi c healt han dwelfare

. EP A hel dapubli c hearin g o nth e NPR M o n Ma y 28,199 2 an daccepte d writte n comment s unti l Jun e 30 , 1992

. Subsequen t

analysi s indicate dtha t additiona l publi c notic e t o clarif y an d reconside r

afe w specifi c compliance

relate dan dtechnica l issue s woul db e helpfu l i n developin g th e final rule

. Today' s actio n present s thes e issue s an d request s comment s o n EPA' s proposal s fo r addressin g them

. Th e issue s addresse di n thi s documen t ar e th e following : Timin g o f

requirement s fo r ne w F/FAs , alternativ e testin g requirements i n lie u o f Tie r 2 , genera l emissio n generatio n methodology , mileag e accumulatio n fo r th e testin g o f atypica l F/FAs , an dbas e fue l specifications

. DATES : Writte n comment s o nth e specifi c issue s discusse di n thi s documen t

wil l b e accepte dunti l Marc h 28,1994

. ' energ y improvement s ma y excee d th e V ADDRESSES : Comment s o n tfri s reasonabl e valu e o f

th e property , provided , tha t

th e cos t o f th e energ y • efficienc y improvement s doe s no t excee d(1 ) $3,000 ; o r

(2 ) $6,000 , i f

th e increas e i n th e monthl y paymen t fo r principa l an dinteres t

doe s no t

excee d th e likel y reduction i n monthl y utilit y cost s resulting fro mth e energ y efficienc y improvements

. (F RDoc

. 94-414 5 File d2-23-94 ; 8:4 5 am ] BILLIN G COO E 8320-01- P

ENVIRONMENTA L PROTECTIO N AGENC Y
4 0 CF R Par t 7 9 [FRL-4840-7 ] Fuel s an d Fue l Additive s Registratio n Regulation s AGENCY : Environmenta l Protectio n ..Agenc y (EPA)

. ^ACTION : Notic e o f

reopenin g o f

commen t period

. SUMMARY

: O n Apri l 15,1992 , EP A publishe di n th e Federa l Registe r a Notic e o f Propose dRulemakin g (NPRM ) fo r Fuel s an dFue l Additive s (F/FAs ) Registratio n Regulation s (5 7 F R13168)

. Th e purpos e o f

th e propose dregulatio n woul db e t o establis hrequirement s fo r th e registratio n o f

moto r vehicl e F/FA s a s authorize db y section s 211(b)(2 ) an d 211(e ) o f th e Clea n Ai r

Ac t (CAA)

. documen t shoul db e submitte di n duplicat e to : EP A Ai r

Docke t (LE-131) ; Attention : Publi c Docke t No

. A-90-07 ; U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio nAgency , 40 1 M Stree t

SW. , Washington

. D C 1-^20460

. yffill othe r material s relevan t

t o thi s Vaocumen t

hav e bee n place di n Docke t No

. A-90-07 , locate di n th e EP A Ai r Docket , roo mM-1500 , 40 1 M Stree t SW. , Washington , D C 20460 ; phon e (202 ) 260-7548

. Th e docke t i s ope n fo r

= publi c inspectio n from8:3 0 a.m
. unti l noo n an dfro m1:3 0 p.m
. t o 3 p.m. , Monda y throug hFriday

. A s provide di n 4 0 CF Rpar t

2 ; areasonabl e fe e ma y b e charge db y EP A fo r

photocopyin g services

. FO RFURTHE

RINFORMATIO

N CONTACT: Ine s de l C Figueroa , Specia l Regulator y Project s Branch , U.S

. Environmenta l Protectio n Agency , 256 5 Plymout hRd. , An n Arbor , Michiga n 48105 ; phon e (313 ) 668-4575

. SUPPLEMENTAR

YINFORMATION : I

. Backgroun d Th e lega l authorit y fo r th e F/F A registratio n progra mi s provide db y sectio n 21 1 o f

th e CAA

. Sectio n 211(a) , 4 2 US C sectio n 7545

. authorize s EP A t o designat e an y fue l o r

fue l additiv e fo r registratio n an dprohibit s manufacturer s o f designate dfuel s o r

additive s fro m sellin g suc hproduct s unles s the y hav e bee n registere db y EP A i n accordanc e wit hsectio n 211(b)

. I n 1975 , EP A issue dP. 4

Federa l Registe r/

Vol . 59 , No . 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose d Rule s 

### 888 7 regulation s (4 0 CFRpart79 ) implementin g basi cregistratio n requirements , a s stipulate d b y sectio n 211(b)(1) , tha trequire d applicant s t o submi tcertai n information , suc h a s commercia l identifyin g information , rang e o f concentration , purpose-in-use , an d chemica l composition , i n orde rt o registe rafue l o rfue l additive
. Th e CA A also , gav e EPA discretionar y authorit y t o establis h additiona l registratio n requirements unde rsectio n 211(b)(2)
. Thi s sectio n authorize d EPA t o require F/F A manufacturer s "t o conduc ttest s t o determin e potentia l publi chealt h effect s o f suc h fuel[s ) o r additive(s ) (includin g bu tno tlimite d to , carcinogenic , teratogenic , o rmutageni c effects), " an d t o furnis h othe r "reasonabl e an d necessary " informatio n t o identif

y F/F A emission s an d determin e thei reffect s o n vehicula r emissio n contro l performanc e ari d o n th e publi chealt h an d welfare
. EPA di d no texercis e it s discretionar y authorit y t o requir e testin g o f F/FA s unde rsectio n 211(b)(2 ) whe n th e genera l registratio n regulation s wer e issue d i n 1975 , However , i n th e CA A Amendment s o f

197 7 (Publi cLa w 95
- 95 , Augus t7,1977) , Congres s adde d sectio n 211(e) , whic h mad e implementatio n o f

sectio n 211(b)(2 ) mandatory . O n Augus t7,1990 , EPA publishe d a n Advance d Notic e o f Propose d Rulemakin g (ANPRM ) (5 5 F R 32218 ) and , o n Apri l 15,1992 , publishe d a n NPRM (5 7 FR13168 ) proposin g additiona l registration requirement s unde rsection s 211(b)(2 ) an d 211(e ) o f

th e CAA
. Th e purpos e o f th e rul e woul d b e t o provid e EPA wit h - informatio n fo ridentifyin g an d evaluatin g th e potentia l advers e healt h effect s o f

moto rvehicl e F/F A emission s an d fo rguidin g th e directio n o f relate d regulator y action s i n th e futur e a s specifie d i n sectio n 211(c)
. Th e readeri s referred t o th e NPR M an d Publi cDocke t A-90-0 7 fo rdetaile d informatio n o n th e propose d registratio n reouirements
. Subsequen tt o th e publicatio n o f th e proposal , apubli chearin g wa s hel d o n Ma y 28,1992 , followe d b y awritte n commen tperio d whic h close d o n Jun e 30,1992
. A transcrip to f th e publi c hearin g an d th e writte n comment s ar e containe d i n th e docket . Afte rcarefu l evaluatio n o f th e comment s an d additiona l technica l analysis
. EPA determine d tha t additiona l publi cnotic e t o clarif y certai n ke y complianc e issue s an d t o modif y certai n propose d technica l approache s woul d b e beneficial
. Th e next , section s o f

thi s notic e discus s th e issue s i n questio n an d reques trelevan t comment s from th e public
. EPA ask s th e : publi ct o focu s thei rcomment s o n th e ke y area s discusse d below . Comment s o n topic s addresse d i n previou s notice s an d commen tperiod s wil l b e treate d a s lat e communicatio n t o whic h EPA i s no t require d t o respond . Th e issue s t o b e addresse d ar e th e following : (1 ) Timin g o f requirement s fo rne w F/FAs , (2 ) alternativ e testin g requirement s i n lie u o f Tie r2 , (3 ) genera l emissio n generatio n methodology , (4 ) mileag e accumulatio n fo rth e testin g o f atypica l F/FAs , an d (5 ) bas e fue l specifications
. 17
. Compliance-Relate d Issue s A. Timing of

Requirements forNew F/ FAs Th e registratio n requirement s - propose d i n th e Apri l 199 2 NPRM wer e organize d withi n athree-tiere d healt h effect s evaluatio n structure . Unde rTie r 1 , F/F A manufacturer s woul d b e require d t o perfor m aliteratur e searc h o n th e healt h ari d welfar e effect s o f F / F A emissions , characteriz e th e emissions , an d provid e exposur e information
. Tie r2 woul d includ e short
ter m biologica l testin g t o scree n fo r specifi chealt h effect s endpoints , involvin g th e exposur e o f laborator y animal s t o th e whol e emission s o f fuel s o rfuel/additiv e mixtures
. Afte rreceip t an d review o f

manufacturers ' Tie r1 an d Tie r2 submittals , EPA woul d determine , o n acase-by-cas e basis , i f additiona l testin g wer e neede d unde r Tie r3 t o evaluat e th e ris ko f aparticula r F/F A (o rgrou p o f

F/FAs ) o n huma n healt h o rwelfare
. Tie r3 testin g coul d includ e an y emission s analysis , healt h effects , welfar e effects , and/o rexposur e testin g o ranalysi s deeme d necessar y b y EP A fo rthi s purpose . Th e organizatio n o f

th e F/F A program' s requirement s int o hierarchica l tier s wa s proposed , i n part , t o ensur e tha tth e rul e woul d accommodat e th e goal s o f sectio n 211(b ) withi n th e tim e restriction s o f sectio n 211(e) ! Sectio n 211(e ) require s that , fo r F/FA s registere d a s o f

th e dat e o f promulgatio n o f

th e fina l rule , th e "requisit e information " b e submitte d t o EPA withi n thre e year s o f tha tdate . O n th e othe rhand , manufacturer s seekin g t o registe rF/F A product s afte rth e dat e o f promulgatio n woul d hav e t o satisf y th e testin g requirement s befor e : registratio n woul d b e granted . EPA judge d tha tcomplianc e wit h th e Tie r1 an d Tie r2 requirements shoul d b e achievabl e within , th e three-yea rtim e limi tfo rregistere d F/FAs ; thus , thes e tw o tier s wer e propose d t o b e define d a s th e "requisit e information " fo r registratio n pursuan tt o it s authorit y unde rCA A sectio n 211(e)
. However , maintenanc e o f

suc h registratio n woul d b e conditiona l o n subsequen t satisfactio n o f an y Tie r3 requirements whic h EPA migh timpos e pursuan tt o it s authorit y unde rCA A sectio n 211(b)
. Fo r consistency , th e sam e definitio n o f "requisit e information " an d th e sam e Tie r3 arrangement s wer e propose d t o appl y t o bot h currentl y registere d an d ne w F/FAs
. EPA intend s t o maintai n thes e originall y propose d provision s i n th e cas e o f currentl y registere d F/F A products . Thus , fo rcontinue d registration o f

suc h F/FAs , complianc e wit h Tie r1 an d Tie r2 mus toccu r withi n thre e year s o f

promulgatio n o f th e final rule . A s propose d i n th e NPRM , thi s registratio n woul d b e conditiona l o n subsequen tsatisfactio n o f an y Tie r3 requirements whic h migh t b e prescribe d b y th e Agency
. Thi s mean s tha ti f

Tie r3 testin g wer e prescribe d fo rafue l o f fue l additiv e produc tregistere d a s o f th e tim e o f promulgation , th e registration woul d b e extende d fo rtha ttim e whic h EPA specifie s a s necessar y fo rcompletio n o f th e prescribe d Tie r3 requirements
. Onl y upo n satisfactor y completio n o f thes e requirement s woul d re-registratio n occur . I n th e cas e o f

product s fo rwhic h manufacturer s see kregistratio n afte r promulgatio n o f

thi s rule , EPA J s re examinin g th e appropriatenes s o f th e timin g o f

thes e Tie r3 provisions
. A s discusse d i n th e NPRM , EPA interpret s sectio n 211(b ) in'cqnjunctio n wit h sectio n 211(c) , whic h give s EP A • authorit y t o contro l o rprohibi tth e manufacture , introductio n int o confmerce , offerin g fo rsale , o rsal e o f an y fue l o rfue l additiv e i f th e Administrato rfinds tha tthe-emissio n product s o f

suc h fue l o rfue l additiv e "causes , o rcontributes , t o ai rpollutio n whic h may'reasonabl y b e anticipate d t o endange rth e publi chealt h o rwelfare. " I n ligh to f

thi s responsibility , EPA believe s tha ti tshoul d exercis e particula rcautio n i n registerin g ne w F / F A product s tha tar e significantl y differen tfrom o f

hav e ausag e patter n whic h i s significantl y differen ti n scop e o rcharacte rfro m currentl y registere d F / F A products . Th e potentia l healt h risk s associate d wit h th e us e o f ne w F/FAs
. coul d b e higher , lower , o rth e sam e a s thos e o f curren tF/FAs
. Thus , befor e permittin g th e introductio n o f thes e ' product s int o th e market , th e Agenc y mus thav e reasonabl e certaint y tha tth e publi chealt h consequence s wil l no tb e mad e worse . Clarificatio n i s therefor e neede d concernin g wha tconstitute s a"new " F / FA
. EP A believe s i ti s appropriat e t o distinguis h betwee n two-type s of '

- unregistere d product s whic h a• manufacture rmigh tsee kt o register , afte r" .H * P. 5



### 888 8 Federa l Registe r /Vol

. m, No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s

- ~" n •, —r. th e promulgatio n of

th e final rule : (l ) F / F A product s simila r

i n composition-an d usag e t o thos e alread y allowe dwid e commercia l distributio n (e.g. , registere d fo r genera l us e b y othe r

manufacturers) , an d(2 ) F/F A product s whic hdiffer significantl y i n compositio n and/o r usag e fromsuc hcurren t

products

. T o formaliz e thi s distinction , EP A I s proposin g t o mak e us e of groupin g syste mconcept s an ddefinition s previousl y discusse di n th e Apri l 199 2 NPRM

. Specifically , EP

A propose s tha t aF/F A produc t

no t registere db y it s manufacturer ' a s of

th e dat e of promulgatio n of

thi s rul e b e designate d a s "registrable " if

i t meet s th e program' s criteri afor

groupin g wit hacurrentl y registere dfuel o r

bul k additive 2 

### i n th e sam e fue l family'

. Conversely , aF/F A produc t no t registere db y it s manufacture r

a s of th e dat e o

f promulgatio n woul db e designate da s "new " i f i t doe s no t mee t th e program' s criteri afor

groupin g wit hacurrentl y registeredfuel o r

bul k additiv e i n th e sam e fue l family

. I n thes e definitions , th e term"currently " refers t o th e dat e o n whic hEP

A receive s th e registration applicatio n for

th e F/F A i n question

. Accordin g t o thes e definitions , an unregistere dF/F A whic hmeet s th e criteri afo r groupin g onl y wit ha currentl y registere daftermarke t additiv e (an dno t als o wit hacurrentl y registere d fuel and/o r

bul k additive ) woul dno t

fee registrable

. Thi s doe s no t preclud e a n

' Fo r purpose s of

thes e definitions , registratio n i s product-specifi c Thus , i

f aparticular

fue l o r additiv e produc t

ha s no t bee n registere dby it s * manufacturer , the n that"manufacturer doe s no t hav e th e right t o introduce , market , and/o r sel l thi s product , eve n if

acomposltionall y simila

r or identica l produc t

ha s bee n registere dby anothe r manufacturer

. » A "bul k additive. " sometime s calle da"general use " additive , wa s define di n th e NPR M a s a produc t adde dt o fue

l at th e refiner

y a s par t o f th * original blendin g streamo r afte r th e fue l i s transporte dfro

mth e refinery , bu t

befor e th e fue l i s purchase dfo

r introductio n int o the ' fue

l tan k o f a

. moto r vehicle

. In contrast , a

n "aftermarket additive, " sometime s calle daconsume r additive , i s an additiv e produc t

markete dfo

r introductio n directl y int o th e fuel syste mo f amoto r vehicle , » "Fue l family " refer s t o th e primary categorizatio n of

F/FA s withi n th e propose d groupin g system

. A fue

l famil y wa s define din th e NPR M a s ase t o f F/FA s whic hshare-basi c chemical an dphysica l formulatio n characteristic s an dca n b e use di n th e sam e engin e o r vehicle

. Seven suc hfue

l familie s wer e originall y define d(unleade dgasoline , leade dgasoline , diesel

. methanol , ethanol

. methane , an dpropane) , althoug hEP A no w intend s t o delet e th e leade dgasolin e famil y in vie w of

th e prohibitio n unde r

CA A sectio n 2tl(n ) o

f on-road us e o f leade dfue

l afte r Decembe r 31.1995

. I

n th e propose ddefinitio n of

"registrable. " th e restrictio n "i n th e sam e fuel family " means that th e similarity o f an applican t

F/F A t o abul k

additiv e currentl y registere dfo

r us e i n anothe r

fue l famil y woul dno t suffic e t o make th e applican t F/FA registrable

. Thi s restrictio n i s consisten t

wit hth e general principle s o f th e groupin g system , whic hpermit s groupin g o f F/FA s onl y withi n define dfue l families

. 

### waegistere daftermarke t additiv e from fceteg registrabl e (sinc e aftermarke t additive s ca n grou p wit hfuel s an dbul k gddkives) , ao r

doe s i t affect th e Registratio n statu s of

currentl y registere d afteraaarke t

additives

. Fo r example, ' a n unregistere d deteigen t additiv e (eithe r

bul k o r aftermarket ) intende dfo

r us e i n unleade dgasolin e an dconformin g t o th e "substantiall y similar " criteri afo r ftrdeadedgasolin e (5 6 F

R5352 ) woul d l e regisfrahte, sinc e i t

woul db e abl e t o grou p wit hcurrentl y registere dbaselin e unleade dgasolin e fuel s an dbul k additive s « . O n th e othe r

hand , a n unregistere dchromium-containin g additiv e intende dfo

r us e i n unleade d gasolin e woul db e considere d"new " tethe r tha a"registrable, " becaus e ther e tap © n o currentl y registere dchromium

coRtainin g fuel s o r

bul k additive s i nth e Unleade dgasolin e family wit hwhic h th e applican t

additiv e coul db e grouped

. Uve aif achromium-containin g produc t ha dpreviousl y bee n registere da s a n aftermarke t

additiv e for

unleade d gasolin e (prio r

to th e ba n o n suc h aftermarke t

additive s unde r

CA A seatie n 211$)(U(B) 5 

### o r

a s abul k additiv e fo

r us e i nanothe r

fuel family (e.g. , leade dgasolin e o r

diese l fuel) , th e applican t additiv e woul dstil l b e considere d"sew"

. Unde r th e origina l proposal , ne w F / BA product s woul dautomaticall y b e ailewe do n th e marke t

after submissio n c f Tie r 1 an dTie r

2 data , whethe r

o r no t significan t

heal| heffect s concern s ha d arise n an dwhethe r

o r no t EP A ha d sufficien t informatio n t o determin e if actio n unde r

sectio n 211(c ) wer e appropriate

. However , t o addres s th e concern s describe dabov e i nrelatio nt o sectie n 211(c)

. EP

A i s no w proposin g t o requir e tha t

manufacturer s of

ne w F/FA product s (i.e. , F/F A product s no t
••The ability t o joi n th e unleade dgasolin e baselin e grou p assume s that th e detergent

additiv e dee s ne t excee doxygen an dsulfur limit s applicabl e t O th e baselin e unleade dgasolin e category

. ' Unti l th e *99 8 CA

A Amendment s wen t

int o effeet

. th e statutory languag e o f sectio n 211(f

) wa s interprete du s applyin g onl y t o unleade dgasolin e fuel s an drelate dbuH

c additives

. Thus , prio r

t o November

15 , 199 0 £b e effective dat e o f th e CA A Amendments) , aftermarket additive s intende dfo

r us e i n unleadedgasolin e an dcontainin g element s ottie t tha n earlier) , hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , an d sulfa ? wer e allowe dt o b e registered

. Unde r th e lfiQ^CA A amendments , al l type s o f moto r vehicl e F/SFA s wer e place dunde r

sectio n 211(f

) jurisdiction

. Al l aftermarket additive s that

wer e no t "substantiall y similar " an dwer e introduce do n o r a£ter.Nevembe

r 15 , 199 0 wer e banned

. However

. trJS s t>a,' n doe s no t

appl y t o product s firs t

introduce d irtto Commerc e prior

t o Novembe

r 15.199 0 (CA

A scmito'ilKfJtlHB),

. Thus , "non-sub-sim " gasolin e afiiewnarke

t additive s whic hha dbee n registere d p$ot t o tha t dat e wej e allowe dt o retai n thei r registrations. Thes e ar e so-calle d"grandfathered " aftermarket

additives

. 

### registere db y thei r specifi c manufacturer s a s of

th e dat e of promulgatio n an dno t

fittin g th e registrabl e criteria ) submi t al l testin g requirement s prio r

t o registration , includin g Tie r

3 whe nprescribe db y th e Agency

. Thi s mean s tha t if EP A wer e t o identif y anee dfor

additiona l testin g at th e Tie r 3 leve l fo

r ane w F/FA , registratio n woul dno t

b e grante dunti l satisfactory completio n o f al l suc h requirements

. O n th e othe r

hand , EP A i s proposin g t o gran t registratio n t o "registrable " F / FAs upo n th e manufacturer' s submitta l of th e basi c registratio napplicatio n an d othe r pro-Tie r 1 notificatio n
. requirement s (se e NPRM)*

. Onc e registered , thes e product s woul db e legall y abl e t o ente r

th e market

. Furthermore , thes e product s woul d hav e th e sam e testin g an dcomplianc e requirements a s thos e specifie dfo r currentl y registere dproducts , i.e. , thre e year s fromth e dat e o

f promulgatio n fo

r th e completio n of

th e Tie r 1 an dTie r

2 requirement s and , if

Tie r 3 testin g wer e prescribed , additiona l tim e consisten t wit hth e incrementa l testin g requirements

. Manufacturers ' complianc e wit hthes e requirements coul db e accomplishe dindependentl y o r a s amembe r

of a nexistin g group
. EP A believe s tha t

th e propose d distinction s betwee n registrabl e an d ne w F/FAs , bot hi nterm s o f thei r definition s an dthei r

respectiv e complianc e requirements , reflec t reasonable regardfo

r th e publi c healt h an dwelfare withou t

undu e interferenc e i n th e F/F A marketplace

. Becaus e registrable F/FA s ar e define dsuc htha t the y mus t

b e reasonabl y similar

i n compositio nan dusag e t o curren t F / FAs , thei r entr y ont o th e marke t

woul d generall y no t

b e expecte dt o increas e th e healt ho r welfar e risks potentiall y relate dt o curren t

F/FA emissio n exposures
. I n determinin g whethe r a manufacturer' s produc t

i s registrable , th e omissio n of

aftermarke t

additive s fromth e relevant

populatio n of currentl y registere dF/FA s i s intende d t o preven t

apotentiall y larg e increas e i n
«Even if a n unregistere dF/FA were "registrable" , however

. EP

A coul dinvok e othe r

availabl e regulatory authorit y unde r Federal law t o provent it s commerical distributio n i f EP A wer e t o determin e that

suc hactio n wa s necessar y t o protoc t th e publi c healt ho r

welfare

. For

example , applicabl e section s o

f th e Toxi c Substance s Contro l Act (TSCA)(1 5 U.S. C sectio n 260 1 e t seq.), suc ha s th e Significan t

New Us e rul e or

th e Premanufacturin g Notificatio n process , coul db e invoke dt o requir e healt heffect s testin g prior t o commerical distributio n o f an F/F A produc t il , amon g othe r

factor s specifie di n TSCA

. ther e i s a chang e i n th e us e of

th e produc t

o r a n increas e in th e magnitud e and/o r

duratio n o

f exposur e to th e produc t b y huma n being s o r

th e environmen t

(1 5 U.S.C

. sectio n 200 1 (a)(2))

." T. f aara^rTra^* - P. 6



### Federa l Registe r/

Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s 888 9 publi c exposur e t o generall y unteste d product s whic hha dpreviousl y bee n relativel y limite di n distributio n an d usage ; It als o ensure s tha t

th e abilit y t o grou p wit ha"grandfathered " aftermarke t

additiv e woul dno t

confe r "registrability " o n a n unregistere dF / FA

. Thi s i s consisten t

wit hth e congressiona l inten t

i n CA A sectio n 211(f)(1)(B ) t o preclud e introductio n int o commerc e of

ne w aftermarke t additive s whic hd o no t

fit th e "substantiall y similar " criteria

. Th e omissio n o f

F/FA s i n differen t

fuel familie s fromth e relevant populatio n of curren t F/FA s i s als o intende dt o preven t potentia l increase s i n exposur e t o unteste dproducts

. Expandin g th e us e o f a nadditiv e fromon e fuel famil y t o anothe r (e.g. , fromdiese l fuel t o gasoline ) woul dsignificantl y increas e th e overal l siz e of

th e potentia l marke t fo r th e produc t

an dthu s th e potentia l exposur e t o it s emissions

. Becaus e o f thes e safeguards , EP

A believe s tha t

additiona l protectio nt o th e publi c healt hwoul dgenerall y no t b e achieve db y prohibitin g registrable F / FA s fromenterin g th e marke t whil e testin g o f thes e product s (o r

group s of similar products ) proceeds

. I nth e cas e o f 'new " F/FAs , however , EPA ha s n o suc hassurances
. B y definition , thes e F / FA s woul db e dissimila r

i n compositio n and/o r usag e t o currentl y registere d products , an dallowin g thei r introductio n coul dno t reasonably b e assume dt o hav e n o advers e effect s o n th e healt ho r

welfare o f th e genera l population

. Fo r

thes e F/FAs , therefore , EP A believe s tha t

i t mus t protec t th e publi c healt han dwelfare b y requiring complianc e wit hal l dat arequest s i t deem s necessar y before exposin g th e publi c t o potentiall y increase drisk

. Figur e 1 summarize s th e decisio n proces s fo

r determinin g whethe r

a n unregistere dF/F A produc t woul db e "registrable " (an dthu s handle dmuc h lik e acurrentl y registere dproduct) , o r whethe r an unregistere dF/F A produc t woul dno t

b e "registrable " an dmus t complet e al l testin g requirement s befor e registration i s granted

.P. 7



### 889 0 

### Federal Register/ Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , February 24 , 199 4 7 Propose dRule s
Figur e 1 Determinatio n o f F/F A Rsgtstrablrt y an d Complianc e Tim * Requirement *



### YE S Registora d a s of dat e



### tf promulgation o

f fina l rul e



### YE S 

# I N

O

Fit s criteri a fo r groupin g wit h a currentl y registere d fue l o r bul k

additive i n th e same fue l famil y 

## N O



# I Registere d an d 'Registrable * F/FAs : Tier s 1 & 2 complianc e wfthin3yearso f promulgatio n

* Additiona l tim e provide d fo r Tie r 3, 1 prescribe d

•Conditiona l registratio n continue s durin g thes e oompKanc

e period s Ne wf No t Registrable' ) F/FAs

. 'Complianc e wit h al l testin g requirement s (includin g Tie r 3, 9 prescribed ) prio r t o registratio n

' An y fue l o r additive (bul k o r aftermarket)



## 1 5

BILLIN G COD E S560-60- PP. 8

Federa l Registe r/

Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s 889 1

A s aresult

o f thes e modification s t o th e origina l proposal , EP A woul dhav e a n opportunit y t o evaluat e full y th e potentia l healt heffect s o f trul y ne w product s befor e the y ente r th e marketplace

. O n th e othe r hand , F/FA s simila r t o thos e alread y registere d woul dno t

b e arbitraril y kep t

fromth e marke t durin g th e complianc e perio d simpl y becaus e o f

th e relationship betwee n thei r

dat e o f introductio n an d th e effectiv e dat e o f

thi s rule

. EP A interpret s sectio n 211(e ) t o suppor t th e approac hcontaine di n thi s notice

. EP A believe s tha t th e referenc e i n CA A sectio n 211(e)(2)(A ) an d(B ) t o a"fue l o r

fue l additiv e whic hi s registered" o r

"whic hi s no t

registered " i s ambiguou s a s t o whethe r i t refer s f o th e F/F A generall y o r

t o aparticula r product-specifi c registration

. Give n thi s ambiguity , EP A believe s tha t i t i s reasonabl e t o interpre t th e phras e "fue l o r fue l additiv e whic hi s registered " t o refe r t o th e F/FA s generally

. Further , EP A believe s i t

i s reasonabl e t o interpre t th e phras e "registered " t o includ e bot h F/FA s tha t

ar e eithe r

"registered " o r "registrable. " "Registrable " F/FA s ar e sufficientl y simila r

i n compositio n an d us e t o existin g F/FA s tha t on e woul d no t expec t the mt o hav e dissimila r healt heffects ; an dtherefore , i t i s reasonabl e t o interpre t

th e phras e "registere dfue l o r

fue l additive " t o includ e no t

onl y thos e F/FA s tha t ar e identical , bu t

als o thos e tha t

ca n grou p wit hexistin g F/FAs

. Alternatively , EP A believe s tha t th e approac hi n thi s notic e i s consisten t wit hsectio n 21 1 becaus e EP A interpret s sectio n 211(e)(3 ) (A ) an d(B ) i n conjunctio n wit hsectio n 211(e)(3)(C) , whic hgive s EP A authorit y t o exemp t an y F/F A fromduplicativ e testing

. Thus , eve n i f

on e interpret s th e phras e "fue l o r fue l additiv e whic h[is/i s not ] registered " t o mea n eithe r tha t a n identica l F/F A mus t

alread y hav e a registration , o r

t o refer t o aproduct

specifi c registration, EP A believe s i t i s reasonabl e t o interpre t

sectio n 211(e)(3)(C ) t o allo w F/FA s tha t ar e simila r i n compositio n an dusag e t o thos e alread y o n th e marke t t o grou p wit hthos e simila r

F/FA s an dcomplet e tli e testin g wit hth e othe r F/FA s i n thei r group
. A t

th e sam e time , EP A believe s tha t for F/FA s tha t

diffe r significantl y i n compositio n o r

usag e fromcurrentl y registere dF/FAs , suc htestin g woul dno t b e duplicativ e o f

testin g o f

group s o f registere dF/FAs ; an dtherefore , EP A i s authorize dunde r

sectio n 211(e ) t o requir e thi s informatio n prio r t o registration

. Unde r eithe r theory , EPA' s authorit y t o obtai n informatio n i s no t limite dt o Tie r 1 an dTie r

2 data , becaus e sectio n 211(b)(2)(B ) give s EP A authorit y t o require an y informatio n necessar y t o asses s th e effect s o f

emission s o n publi c healt ho r welfare

. Therefore , EP A interpret s sectio n 21 1 (e ) an d(b ) t o giv e i t th e authorit y t o require an y necessar y healt ho r welfar e effect s informatio n fo r F/FA s tha t

ar e significantl y differen t i n compositio n o r

usag e fro mcurrentl y registeredproducts

. EP A solicit s comment s o n it s interpretatio n o f

CA A sectio n 21 1 a s i t applie s t o th e approac houtline di n thi s notic e an do n th e propose dcomplianc e requirements fo r

F/F A product s whic h manufacturer s ma y see k t o registe r

afte r promulgatio n o f

thi s rule

. EP A is"

. proposing : (1 ) T o allo w thos e product s fittin g th e definitio n o f "registrable " t o becom e registeredan dthu s subjec t t o th e sam e complianc e an dtimin g requirement s a s currentl y registered products , an d(2 ) t o requir e manufacturer s o f

"new " F/FA s (i.e. , thos e no t

i n conformanc e wit hth e definitio n o f

"registrable" ) t o submi t an y informatio n EP A requires , potentiall y includin g Tie r 3 , prio r t o registration

. Base do n it s analysi s o f th e publi c comment s o n thes e propose d provisions , EP A ma y adop t bot h proposals , adop t

on e proposal , o r

reject bot hproposals

. B. Alternative Testing Requirements in Lieu of Tier 2 A s explaine di n th e NPRM , th e mai n purpos e o f

th e propose drul e i s t o obtai n informatio n fo r

th e identificatio n an d

. evaluatio n o f

potentia l healt heffect s o f F/F A emission s i n orde r t o guid e EP A i n futur e regulatory actions

. CA A sectio n 211(b)(2)(A ) give s EP A th e authorit y t o requir e th e manufacture r o f an y fue l o r

fue l additiv e "t o conduct

test s t o determin e potentia l publi c healt heffect s o f

suc hfue l o r

additiv e (including , bu t

no t limite dto , carcinogenic , teratogenic , o r mutageni c effects). " Thus , th e statut e give s EP A discretio n t o requir e th e examinatio n o f othe r endpbint s o f

concer n i n additio n t o th e mandator y area s o f testin g describe dabove

. Th e Tie r 2 progra mi n th e NPR M propose dt p establis hatestin g framewor k

tha t incorporate dth e screenin g o f

severa l healt heffect s endpoint s relevan t

t o th e assessmen t

o f th e publi c healt himpact s o f F/F A emissions , includin g thos e endpoint s mandate db y th e statute

. I n general , EP A stil l intend s t o maintai n astandar dTie r 2 biologica l testin g progra ma s a requiremen t

fo r registration

. Thus , th e prescribe dTie r

2 test s t o bcinclude dii i th e fina l rul e woul dappl y t o nearl y al l F/FA s seekin g complianc e wit h registratio n requirements , t o th e exten t tha t th e results o f

th e dat asearc h activitie s i n Tie r

1 d o no t includ e comparabl e existin g informatio n fro m adequatel y performe dan dproperl y documente dpreviou s studies

. However , EP A i s no w proposin g a specia l provisio n whic hwoul dgiv e EP A discretio n t o require differen t testin g requirements i n lie u o f th e standar dTie r

2 program , i norde r

t o addres s specifi c healt hconcern s fo r a particula r

fue l o r fue l additiv e product

. EP A recognize s that , i n som e specia l cases , mor e exhaustiv e o r specificall y focuse dtest s migh t

b e warrante di n lie u o f th e screenin g Tie r

2 tests , base do n alread y availabl e healt heffect s information

. Fo r

example , fo r

a
. . particula r

fue l o r fue l additiv e product , informatio n coul dalread y b e availabl e t o EP A (independen t

o f thi s propose d program ) whic hindicate s tha t testin g shoul db e targete dt o a n identifie d healt hconcer n tha t

i s no t specificall y addresse di n Tie r

2 o r tha t call s fo r mor e definitiv e testin g tha n woul dordinaril y occu r unde r Tie r 2

. Th e currentl y propose dtestin g progra mstructur e certainl y allow s EP A t o requir e suc h test s unde r

Tie r 3 afte r th e evaluatio n o

f th e previou s tiers

. However , i nthi s specia l case , requirin g mor e definitiv e test s o r othe r appropriat e endpoin t

test s earlie r i n the

. testin g progra mwoul d resul t i n overal l saving s t o th e manufacture r

whil e providin g EP A wit h th e neede ddat aearlie r t o assess , th e potentia l healt hrisks fo r th e particula r fue l o r fue l additiv e i n question

. Unde r thi s specia l provisio n EP A woul dals o b e abl e t o prescrib e additiona l test s t o b e performe dalon g wit hth e standar d Tie r 2 progra ma s wel l a s substitutin g differen t tests

. EP A ask s fo r

comment s o n thi s propose dprovisio n tha t woul d allo w EP A t o prescrib e alternativ e test s i n lie u o f (o r i n additio nto ) th e standar d Tie r 2 test s i n specia l cases
. I f EP A decide dt o exercis e it s authorit y unde r

thi s specia l provision , EP A woul dallo w a n appropriat e tim e for completio n o f

th e prescribe dtests

. Fo r instance , i f

ancillar y test s t o Tie r

2 wer e prescribe dfo r

aregistere dF/FA , th e usua l three-yea r

timefram e fo r completin g Tie r

1 an dTie r

2 requirement s woul dn o longe r apply

. Instead , EP A woul dallo w additiona l tim e fo r completio n o f

th e alternativ e testin g progra m(i.e.

. Tie r 2 a s wel l a s th e ancillar y test s prescribe dunde r thi s provision ) i n thi s specia l case
. Simila r complianc e allowance s woul db e mad e i f differen t test s (e.g. , chroni c tests ) wer e prescribe di n lie u o f

th e standar dTie r 2 screenin g tests

. Fo r

registere dF/FAs , EP A woul dnotif

y th e manufacture r

(o r group ) b y certifie dmai l letter , withi n eightee n month s o f

promulgationo f

th e

### P. 9

889 2 Federa l Registe r / Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 /Propose dRule s ^- »
fina l rule , of th e specifi c test s t o b e don e i n lie u of th e standar dTie r

2 regimen , alon g wit haschedul e fo

r complianc e an dsubmitta l o f

tes t results. A Federa l Registe r notic e woul dals o b e publishe d t o giv e th e publi c opportunit y t o commen t o n th e intende dtestin g regimen

. A publi c hearin g woul dno t b e held , however

. Th e responsibl e manufacture r

(o r grou p of manufacturers ) woul dhav e 6 0 day s t o commen t o n th e prescribe dtest s an d timin g requirements

. I

f th e responsible manufacture r

di dno t provid e an y comments , EP

A woul dassum e tha t

th e manufacture r

ha dconsente di n full wit h th e prescribe dtestin g program
. Similar notificatio n arrangement s woul dappl y t o manufacturer s of

currentl y unregistere dF/FAs

. I n thi s instance , EP A woul dnotif

y th e ne w applican t

(b y certifie dmai l letter ) of

th e nonstandar d requirement s withi n eightee n month s of EPA' s learnin g of

th e manufacturer' s inten t t o registe r

aproduct

. EP

A welcome s comment s o n th e propose d notificatio n an dcommen t procedure s fo r thi s specia l provision

. In general , EP

A consider s th e norma l Tie r 2 testin g regime n t o b e applicable , appropriate , an dvaluabl e fo r th e health effect s evaluatio n of

F/FA emissions , . eve n if higher-leve l testin g i s late r require dunde r

th e provision s o

f Tie r 3

. Thus , EP A woul dexercis e th e special authorit y t o prescrib e othe r testin g requirements i n additio n t o o r i n lie u of th e standar dTie r

2 regime n onl y i n exceptiona l cases
. Th e exercis e o f thi s authorit y woul db e don e wholl y at EPA' s discretion

. F/F A manufacturer s woul db e specificall y discourage dfrom submittin g application s o r requests t o EP A fo r Tie r 2 substitutions , an dEP

A woul db e unde r

n o obligatio n t o conside r o r respondt o an y suc h requests

. III

. Technica l Issue s A. General

Emission Generation Methodology Th e NPR M propose dtha t

F/F A manufacturer s woul db e require dt o conduc t adetaile dcharacterizatio n o f th e emission s of

thei r products , a s wel l a s biologica l test s i n whic hanimal s ar e expose dt o thes e emissions

. Th e us e of applicabl e portion s o

f th e standar d Federa l Tes t

Procedur e (FTP) wa s propose dfo

r generatin g exhaus t emission s for

thes e purposes
. Fo r biological testin g of

product s predominantl y use di n light-duty vehicl e applications , EP

A propose dth e us e of on e light-dut y vehicl e operatin g ove r continuous , repeatedUrba n Dynamomete r

Drivin g Schedul e (UDDS ) cycle s (i.e. , atransien t

spee ddrivin g sequenc e use dt o simulat e typica l urba n

driving ) performe do n achassi s dynamometer

. A n engin e dynamomete r operate do nth e Engin e Dynamomete r Schedul e (EDS ) wa s presente da s a n option

. Th e ED S i s atransien t engin e 6pee dversu s torqu e tim e sequenc e commonl y use di n heavy-dut y engin e evaluation

. I

t wa s propose dtha t

th e ED S woul db e use dt o generat e emission s i n heavy-duty applications

. EP A als o propose dtha t

al l tes t vehicle s an d engine s shoul dposses s al l o f th e emissio ncontro l equipmen t normall y recommende db y th e manufacturer

. I n thei r comment s o n th e NPRM , th e regulatedindustr y questione dth e appropriatenes s of

usin g th e FTPt o generat e emission s fo

r biologica l testing , give n th e inheren t

variabl e natur e of FTP-generate demissions

. I nrespons e t o thes e comments , EP

A i s considerin g severa l alternativ e approache s a s discusse dbelow

. EP

A ask s fo r comment s o n th e suitabilit y of thes e proposal s an do nalternativ e method s suitabl e fo

r th e generatio no

f emission s t o b e use di n th e biologica l testin g o f F / FAs

. T o b e mos t

useful , suc hcomment s shoul dinclud e adetaile ddiscussio n o n th e recommende dmethodology , includin g advantage s an d disadvantages

. 1

. Non-Transien t

Method s EP A i s considerin g th e us e o f non
transien t method s a s analternativ e approac ht o FT Po r

othe r transien t cycle s t o reduc e th e potentia l variabilit y i n th e emissio n stream

. Th e rational e behin dthi s approac hi s discusse d below

. Th e determinatio n o

f a n exposure / healt heffec t

relationship requires a constant , well-controlled , an d measurabl e exposur e environment

. A hig hdegre e of

variabilit y i n emissio n propertie s suc ha s heat , pressure , wate r vapor , CO , NOx , C0 2 

### , tota l hydrocarbons , an dspecifi c chemica l compositio ncoul dcomplicat e th e measuremen t

an ddeterminatio n of

th e actua l exposur e level s tha t occu r durin g toxicolog y testing

. Durin g transien t cycles , physica l an dchemica l propertie s o f th e exhaus t

strea mcan var

y significantly

. I n addition , ahig h percentag e o

f emission s ar e produce di n concentrate dspike s (relate dt o th e enriche dcondition s presen t durin g accelerations ) tha t

resul t i n aserie s of alternatin g hig han dlo w leve l exposures
. Thi s variabilit y coul db e difficul t t o accommodat e i nth e contex t o f th e inhalatio n toxicolog y test s propose di n thi s rule

. Therefore , EP A i s considerin g th e us e o

f single-mod e (stead y state ) operatin g condition s fo r generatin g emission s i n th e F/F A testin g program
. In additio n t o reducin g variability , non-transien t

method s might

als o provid e abette r

simulatio n o

f ambien t conditions

. Ambien t

ai r contain s emission s fro

mman y thousand s o

f vehicle s o

f varyin g technologies , age , an dstat e of

maintenance

. A

t an y poin t i n time , thes e vehicle s ar e i n different stage s o f operatio n unde r

variou s engin e loads

. A s acollectiv e averag e o f th e emission s fromthes e sources , th e ambien t ai r typicall y varie s graduall y ove r aperio dof

hour s o r days

. I n contrast , UDD S emission s vary significantl y fromsecon dt o second

. Fo r thes e reasons , th e ambien t ai r actuall y resembles astead y stat e conditio n mor e closel y tha natransien t

state

. Anothe r potentia l advantag e of runnin g th e tes t

vehicl e or

engin e unde r single-mod e condition s i s that i t woul d permi t les s sophisticate dan dles s ' expensiv e dynamomete r

equipmen t (e.g. , water-brak e dynamometers ) t o b o used , fo r emissio n generation

. Thi s coul dhel p t o encourag e additiona l biological testin g laboratorie s t o obtai n th e equipmen t

necessar y fo

r conductin g th e tes t exposure s require din thj s program , an dmigh t

als o increas e th e •feasibilit y of usin g portabl e dynamometer s fo

r thes e purposes
. O n th e othe r

hand , th e us e o

f anon
transien t rathe r tha natransien t

cycl e fo r generatin g emission s raise s legitimat e concern s tha t

th e emissio n streamcoul db e missin g certai n toxicologicall y activ e specie s whic h woul dordinaril y b e generate di n appreciabl e amount s onl y durin g accelerations

. However , thes e concern s migh t b e allaye dt o som e exten t b y tw o othe r emissio ngeneratio n specification s whic hEP A i s considering : th e us e o f engine-ou t

(non-catalyzed ) rathe r

tha n tailpip e catalyze demission s (se e sectio n III.A.2 , below) an dth e us e of high-load , fuel-enriche doperatin g conditions

. T o maximiz e th e emissio n specie s occuring i n th e exhaus t

streamdurin g non-transien t

operation , EP

A i s considerin g differen t

vehicle/engin e operatin g specification s o r emissio n performanc e requirements

. On e approac hunde r

consideratio n i s t o specif y th e spee dan dthrottl e requirements, e.g. , 2 5 percen t o f full throttl e at aconstan t

spee dof 2 0 mp h (th e averag e spee dof

th e FTP)

. A

n alternativ e metho dwoul db e t o specif y ahig hloa drequirement

directl y (e.g. , 5 0 percen t loa dat 2 0 mph)

. On e factor

t o conside r i s tha t th e vehicle/engin e operatin g condition s mus t b e achievabl e withou t exceedin g th e loa dwhic ha typica l well-maintained , modern engin e canhandl e fo

r prolonge dperiod s o

fP.1 0



### tim e withou t

breakin g down

. EP

A request s comment s an dadvic e o n thi s practica l constraint

. A differen t approac hwoul db e t o requir e th e modificatio n of

electroni c compute r control s t o manag e fuel injectio n s o a s t o achiev e asuitabl y enriche dair/fue l rati o unde r

steady-stat e operation

. Programmin g avehicl e t o operat e i n open-loo p mod e i s on e exampl e o f thi s approach

. Rathe r tha n specifyin g th e operatin g condition s t o b e use ddurin g non
transien t vehicle/engin e operation , EP A coul dchoos e t o specif

y performanc e criteri awhic hwoul dachiev e suitabl e emissio n levels

. Thes e criteri awoul db e base do n selecte dexhaus t o r exposur e concentration s of

ke y emission s fo

r biologica l testin g (e.g. , CO , tota l HC)

. Thi s approac hwoul dallo w operator s th e flexibility t o determin e th s mos t appropriat e vehicle/engin e condition s and/o r compute r

control s neede dt o obtai n a n exhaus t

strea mcontainin g th e requiredconcentratio n range s o f specifi c emissions

. Fo r

example , EP

A coul drequir e tha t

th e concentratio n o

f tota l hydrocarbon s i n th e exhaus t mus t excee daspecifie damoun t and/o r tha t th e C O concentratio n b e les s tha n a specifie dmaximum

. Becaus e different tes t vehicles/engine s woul db e require d t o mee t th e sam e criteria , thi s approac h migh t reduc e th e potentia l test-to-tes t variabilit y whic hmigh t

resul t i f EP A wer e t o specif

y aparticula r

se t of operatin g condition s an drequir e tha t se t t o b e applie dacros s al l vehicle/engin e technologies

. EP A invite s comment s o n th e possibilit y of

usin g anon-transien t

cycl e rathe r tha n th e FT Pfo

r generatin g emission s fo

r biologica l testing

. Specifi c comment s ar e requeste do n th e effectivenes s o

f th e variou s approache s discusse dabov e fo

r achievin g th e desire demissio n enrichmen t durin g steady-stat e operation

. Comment s o n th e specifi c speed , throttle , loa d specifications , compute r

controls , and / o r performanc e criteri amentione d abov e ar e als o requested, an d suggestions a s t o suitabl e alternativ e method s o r

specification s ar e welcome

. Suc hsuggestion s wil l b e particularl y helpfu l if supportin g dat aan drational e ar e provided

. Detaile demissio n speciatib n data/profile s contrastin g engine/vehicl e operatin g condition s (e.g. , transien t

versu s non-transient , especiall y unde r

engine-ou t

conditions ) ar e als o solicited

. 2

. Alternativ e Approache s Althoug hEPA

. i s considerin g stead y stat e condition s fo

r th e generatio n o

f emission s i n th e final rule , i t ha s no t exclude dth e possibilit y of usin g th e previousl y propose dFT Pmetho dor

othe r transien t o r semi-transien t

(e.g. , multi-modal ) methods

. EP A solicit s detaile dcomment s o n whethe r transien t method s ar e necessar y t o ensur e tha t toxicologicall y significan t specie s wil l no t b e unintentionall y omitte dfromth e emissio n stream

. EP A i s considerin g th e us e of emissio n conditionin g technique s tha t coul dpotentiall y accommodat e transien t cycl e emissio ngeneratio n withi n th e contex t

of th e F/F A inhalatio ntoxicit y testin g program
. On e optio n bein g considere dwoul dus e constan t dilutio n rati o equipmen t (e.g. , th e mini-dilute r

o r variabl e flo w rat e "constan t volum e sampling " (VFR

CVS ) systems ) bein g develope dan d evaluate di n th e America nIndustry / Governmen t

Emission s Research , Cooperativ e Researc han dDevelopmen t Agreemen t

(AIGE RCRADA

) t o limi t th e transien t variabilit y characteristic s of classica l CV S (variabl e dilutio nratio ) ^exhaust

. Withthi s equipment , th e diluen t ca n b e manage dt o achiev e desire dCO , CO

2 an dwate r

vapo r concentration s (e.g. , t o avoi danima l asphyxiatio no r

wate r condensation ) an dsampl e temperature s prio r t o bein g directe dt o th e biologica l exposur e chambers

. Concentratio n swing s wil l occu r whe nth e engin e air/fue l rati o diverge s fromstoichiometri c combustion , bu t

fo r onl y shor t

duration s of time. EP A recognize s tha t

thi s i s a developin g technolog y an dinvite s comments , suggestions , an dsupportin g dat ao n it s possibl e applicatio ni n th e F / F A biologica l testin g program
. Anothe r alternativ e tha t

woul dallo w

. managemen t

of th e variabilit y of transien t vehicl e exhaus t

i s us e of a mixin g chambe r

betwee nth e classica l CVS sourc e an dth e exposur e chamber

. Th e transien t

exhaus t woul db e injecte d int o alarg e dilution/mixing/integratio n chambe r prio r t o it s deliver y t o th e anima l exposur e chamber

. Thi s woul d allo w necessary adjustmen t o f th e exhaus t concentration s an dintegratio n of th e larg e concentratio n swing s typica l o f CVS exhaust , prio r

t o exposin g th e animals

. Th e mixin g chambe r woul db e charge dfromth e CV S at

aconstan t

rat e determine db y th e exposur e chambe r purg e rate

. Th e exposur e chambe r flo w coul dbegi nat

th e conclusio nof

th e initia l transien t

cycl e wit hth e associate dmixin g chambe r charge

. EP

A request s comment s o n th e feasibility of usin g mixin g chamber s t o conditio n dilute dtransien t

exhaus t fo r anima l exposur e i n th e contex t

of th e F/FA testin g program
. 3

. Engine-Ou t Emission s EP A i s als o considerin g th e us e o f engine-ou t

(i.e. , non-catalyzed ) rathe r tha n catalyze dtailpip e emission s fo r biologica l testing , t o assur e tha t th e tes t animal s wil l b e expose dt o th e full rang e o f emissio nspecie s potentiall y resulting fro mth e combustio no

f F/FAs

. With •modern emissio ncontro l technolog y i n place , mos t

of th e ambien t

ai r pollutan t specie s attributabl e t o automobil e exhaus t com e fromtw o sources : malfunctionin g vehicle s ("hig h emitters" ) an dnorma l vehicle s durin g thei r col dstar t

period , whe n thei r engine s ru n richan dthei r catalyti c converter s hav e no t

yet reached effectiv e operatin g temperatures

. Th e variety of emission s fromthes e tw o importan t source s ar e no t

wel l represente db y hot , catalyze dexhaus t generate dfromwell-maintained , moder nvehicles

. Emission s durin g th e cold-star t includ e hundred s of

organi c chemica l specie s whic har e generate d before th e catalyti c converte r reache s it s effectiv e temperature

. Onc e th e catalyti c converte r i s warmed-up , it s efficienc y increase s t o th e poin t

wher e onl y a doze n o r s o simpl e compound s remain i n readily measurabl e amount s i n th e catalyze dexhaust.-Thus , th e us e of treate dexhaus t

i nth e biologica l testin g programwoul dexpos e th e laboratory animal s t o onl y avery fe

w o f th e organi c emissio nspecie s associate dwit hth e combustio no

f th e fuel o r

additiv e o

f interest

. In vivo testin g require s continuou s ai r change s i n th e anima l chamber s t o avoi dconfoundin g healt heffect s (e.g. , lun g an dski n irritations , hypoxia , bacteria l infections , hea t exhaustion , . etc. ) cause db y abuild-u p of metaboli c by-product s (e.g. , CO2 ; ammonia , humidit y an dbod y heat ) of th e anima l tes t population

. Becaus e of

th e nee dfo

r frequen t ai r changes , th e initia l cold

star t emission s woul dremai n i nth e exposur e chambe r

fo r onl y afew minute s before bein g flushe dout

. Assumin g catalyze demission s wer e used , th e remainin g hour s o f eac hday' s tes t perio dwoul dexpos e th e animal s onl y t o th e relatively few specie s tha t remai n i n hot , treate dexhaust

. Thus , th e us e of catalyze dexhaus t

fo r biologica l exposure s coul dexclud e fromth e test s relevan t emissio n specie s tha t

coul d potentiall y b e harmfu l t o huma nhealt h or th e environment

. I ncontrast , th e ambien t ai r normall y contain s th e full rang e of combustio nemissions , sinc e cold-star t emission s ar e continuousl y re
introduce dan dsom e "hig hemitters " ar e alway s i noperation

. Sinc e human s experienc e continuou s exposur e t o thes e emissions , EP

A believe s i t

i s

...JUtl*M..*^iiM IP.1 1



### 889 4 Federa l Registe r / Vol

. 59

. No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s importan t that the y b e include di n th e tes t exposur e atmosphere

. Severa l possibl e method s hav e bee n considere dfo

r increasin g th e frequenc y and/o r duratio n of

biologica l exposure s t o actua l cold-start

emissions

. Thes e include dth e us e of

emissio n storag e an dretrieva l systems , us e of a n enhance dengin e an dexhaus t coolin g system , an dth e us e of

afleet of identica l vehicle s tha t

coul db e interchange dt o provid e natura l coolin g periods

. However , eac hof thes e method s coul dintroduc e stil l mor e technica l challenges

. Thus , EP A believe s tha t

productio n of

aconstan t suppl y o f genuin e cold-star t

emission s coul db e a n impractica l requirement fo r th e typ e of

toxicolog y test s require di n thi s program
. Comment s an d suggestion s o n thes e issue s ar e welcome.

- Instea dof attemptin g t o produc e a constan t suppl y of

cold-start emissions , EP A i s considerin g th e possibilit y of requirin g manufacturer s t o us e engineou t emission s a s asurrogat e fo r cold

start emissions

. Recognizin g tha t a n ineffectiv e catalyti c converte r i s th e majo r (thoug hno t

only ) vehicle-relate d factor whic hdifferentiate s th e col dstart , EP A ha s compare dcold-start emission s an dhigh-emittin g vehicl e emission s t o engine-ou t

emission s usin g availabl e emissio n data

. Thi s analysi s 7 

### showe d that , i n term s of

bot hchemica l compositio n an drelativ e concentrations , engine-ou t organi c emission s closel y resembl e cold-start an dhigh-emittin g vehicl e emissions

. I n addition , acompariso n of FT P composit e emission s showe dtha t engine-ou t

an dtailpip e organi c emissio n specie s wer e nearl y th e sam e o n aqualitativ e basis , althoug hth e engine-ou t

emission s appeare dat

a greate r overal l concentration

. Thus , bypassin g th e catalys t

produce d emission s representin g acomprehensiv e aggregate o f

characteristi c combustio n product s at

enriche dconcentrations , includin g th e specie s whic har e otherwis e emitte donl y durin g th e col d star t Th e enrichmen t

of organi c emission s i s a n importan t sid e benefi t fo r th e biologica l testin g program becaus e riche r

hydrocarbo n stream s will b e availabl e fo

r toxicolog y testin g fo

r an y give n leve l of

OO? an dwate r

vapor
. (I t shoul db e noted , however , tha t C O level s ar e als o raised , an dmay themselve s becom e alimitin g factor. ) EP A request s comment s o n th e us e of engine-ou t

emission s fo

r th e F/F A biologica l testin g programan d

' See memorandu mt o th e docke t fromStephe n Mayotte

. entitle d"Engine-ou t versus Tailpip e Emission s in Ligh

t -dut y Vehicles"

. 

### welcome s suggestions regardin g thi s

proposa l o r

othe r alternativ e approaches

. T o b e mos t

useful , suc h comment s shoul dinclud e supportin g emissio ndata

. Wit hth e exceptio nof

exhaus t after

treatmen t devices , EP

A propose s tha t

al l normall y require demissio n contro l equipmen t

b e presen t

an dfull y operationa l o n al l tes t

vehicle s an d heavy-duty engine s use di nth e generatio n of

engine-ou t

emissions

. Thi s ma y require replacin g catalyti c converter s an dparticulat e trap s wit h othe r device s capabl e of

simulatin g th e bac k pressure , residenc e time , an d mixin g characteristic s usuall y provide d b y thes e devices

. Anothe r approac h coul db e t o instal l ablan k catalys t (n o catalyti c was hcoat ) i nth e exhaus t syste mwher e th e productio n catalys t woul dnormall y b e installed

. EPA requests comment s an dsuggestion s o n thi s or othe r suitabl e alternativ e method s tha t

woul densur e th e appropriat e operatio n of

th e exhaus t system

. B. Mileage Accumulation for the Testing of Atypical F/FAs In th e NPRM , EP

A propose d25,00 0 mile s a s th e minimu mmileag e whic h mus t b e accumulate do nth e emission

generatio n vehicl e before generatin g emission s fo

r characterizatio n an d anima l testin g purposes
. Fo r fuel s an d fuel additive s containin g atypica l elements , mileag e accumulatio nwa s propose dt o continu e after 25,00 0 miles , if needed , unti l th e emission s of th e
. . atypica l element(s ) reachedstead y stat e o r unti l th e vehicl e o r

engin e ha s bee n operate dfo

r 8 0 percen t

of it s estimate d usefu l lif e (e.g. , 80.00 0 mile s fo

r light

dut y vehicles)

. "Stead y state " wa s define di n th e proposa l a s th e poin t at whic hth e mas s of

th e atypica l element s emitte ddurin g th e performanc e of on e o r mor e UDD S o r

engin e dynamomete r schedule s i s withi n1 0 percen t o f th e mas s of th e atypica l element s tha t entere dth e combustio nchambe r durin g th e drivin g cycles

. Base di n par t

o n comment s receive d fromth e regulate dindustry , EPA i s no w considerin g different

mileag e accumulatio n approaches

. I n th e cas e of afue l o r fuel/additiv e mixtur e meetin g baselin e o r

non-baselin e criteria , EPA believe s tha t

a n accumulatio nof

4,00 0 - mile s o n alight-duty vehicl e o r light

dut y truc k

o r 12 5 hour s o naheavy-dut y vehicl e (fuele dexclusivel y wit hth e fuel o r fuel/additiv e mixtur e t o b e tested) , shoul db e sufficien t

t o stabiliz e emissions

. Th e 4,00 0 mile/12 5 hou r mileag e accumulatio nrequirement s ar e consisten t wit hth e emissio n stabilizatio n procedure s use dfor emission-dat avehicle s i nEPA' s ne w vehicl e certificatio nprogram. 8 

### In th e cas e of

F/FA s wit hatypica l elements , EP

A i s concerne dtha t

th e requiremen t

t o reac hamass-balanc e stead y state-prio r

t o generatin g emission s fo

r testin g migh t

b e to o stringent

. I n fact , i n som e cases , a measure dinput-outpu t

mos s balanc e might neve r b e reached

. Thus , EP

A i s considerin g adifferent

approac hfo

r atypica l F/FAs

. Th e minimu mmileag e accumulatio n tha t

vehicles/engine s testin g atypica l F/FA s woul db e require dt o underg o woul db e 4,00 0 miles , th e sam e mileag e accumulatio n no w propose dfo

r th e testin g of

baselin e an dnon-baselin e F/FAs

. Afte r completio n of

th e 4,00 0 miles , th e F/FA manufacture r

woul db e require dt o identif y an dmeasur e th e atypica l - element(s ) i n th e exhaust , if possible

. Becaus e th e presenc e o

f th e atypica l specie s i n specifi c emissio nfraction s wil l b e dependen t

o nth e natur e o f

th e particula r atypica l element , EP

A woul d recommendexaminatio n of al l emissio n fractions (i.e. , vapor , semi-volatile , an d particulate)

. I

f th e atypica l element(s ) of interes t ar e no t detecte di nat

leas t on e of th e emissio n fractions after 4,00 0 miles , th e manufacture r

woul dthe n nee dt o continu e mileag e accumulatio n unti l th e atypica l element(s ) ar e at hig h enoug hlevel(s ) fo

r accurat e identificatio n an dmeasurement

. Th e interval s a t

whic hth e emission s shoul d b e examine dfo

r detectio n of

th e atypica l element(s ) i s propose dt o b e lef t t o th e manufacturer' s discretion

. Onc e th e atypica l element(s ) of interes t ar e detecte di nat

leas t on e emissio n fraction, a n additiona l 10,00 0 mile s woul db e require dprio r

t o generatio n of emission s fo

r purpose s o f

emissio n characterizatio nan dbiologica l testing

. EP A solicit s comment s an d suggestion s o n th e propose dmileag e accumulatio n requirements fo r baseline , non-baseline , an datypica l F/FAs

. I f alternativ e approache s ar e provided , EP A request s commenter s t o includ e supportin g dat aan dadetaile d discussio ns o a s t o allo w a nappropriat e analysi s of

th e options

. C.Base Fuel

Specifications Th e NPR M propose dth e us e of

bas e fuel s t o represent

theoretica l "industr y average " o r

normativ e formulation s fo r eac hdefine dfuel family

. EP A wa s t o develo p chemica l an dphysica l

• specification s t o defin e aspecifi c bas e fue l (includin g aminimu mrequired additiv e package ) fo

r eac hfuel family

. Th e bas e fuel s wer e propose dt o serv e

• 4 0 CF R86.094-26

. Mileag e an dservic e accumulation ; emissio n requirements

.P.1 2



### Federa l Registe r

/ Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s 

### 889. 1

e s th e grou p representative s i n complianc e wit htestin g requirements fo r baselin e F/FA groups
. Th e bas e fuel s wer e als o propose dt o serv e a s th e fuel substrate s int o whic hadditive s whic h wer e undergoin g evaluatio n woul db e mixe dprio r

t o emissio n generatio n an d testing

. Test s conducte do n th e emission s of

th e bas e fuel woul dthe n serv e a s control s agains t

whic htest s o n th e emission s o

f th e additive/bas e fuel mixtur e woul db e compared

. Althoug hbas e fue

l definition s fo

r th e conventiona l fuel familie s (gasolin e an d diesel ) wer e discusse di n a memorandu mt o th e docke t ("Bas e Fue l Determinatio n Procedure s fo r th e Propose dFuel s an dFue l Additive s Rulemaking, " se e Publi c Docket No

. A

90-07) , EP

A di dno t specif y at tha t tim e th e require dadditiv e packag e fo r conventiona l fuel s or

th e bas e fuel specification s fo

r alternativ e fuels

. Th e propose dspecification s fo r th e unleade dgasolin e an ddiese l bas e fuel s ar e show n i n Tabl e 1 an dTabl e 2 , respectively

. Comment s ar e requeste d o n thes e specifications , wit hparticula r emphasi s o n th e additiv e function s propose dt o b e include di n eac hbas e fuel

. Th e bas e additiv e package s ar e intende dt o includ e onl y thos e additiv e function s tha t

ar e essentia l fo

r fuel productio n o r

engin e operatio n and/o r thos e require db y law

. Selectio n of th e specifi c produc t

withi n eac hspecifie d additiv e functiona l category woul db e u p t o th e formulato r

of th e bas e fuel and/o r th e tes t operator

. However , additiv e product s whic hinclud e element s othe r

tha n carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , an dnitroge n woul dno t b e allowe da s par t

of th e bas e fuel/additiv e formulation

. Th e bas e additive s woul d b e require dt o b e use dat thei r minimu m effectiv e concentration s i n th e bas e fuel

.
TABL E 

### 1.—Unleade

d Gasolin e Base Fue l Propertie s
AP I Gravit y Sulfur , ppi m Benzene , vol %

.. . RVP

. ps i Octane , (R+M)/

2

. 57.4+0. 3 3 3 ±2 5 1.53+0. 3 8.7+0. 3 87.3+0. 5 Distillatio n parameter s IBP,-? F 10% , ° F 50% , ° F

. „ 90% , ° F '.

. En d Point , ° F

... . Aromatics , vol % „. . Olefins , vol % Saturates , wol

%

... . Additive 1 Deposi t Contro l Corrosio n Inhibito

r Demuteifie r „ 91± 5 128± 5 218± 5 330+. 5 415± 5 32.0+0. 5 9.210. 3 58.811. 0 Allowable rang e 12-20 0 pp m 4-4 0 pp m 0.4-10. 0 pp m Additiv e <

Anti-oxidarr i Meta l deactivato r Allowabl e rang e 12-2 0 pp m 4-1 2 pp m 'Additive s use d i n th e bas e fue l ma ycon tai n n o element s othe rtha n CHON

. TABL E 2.—DIESE L BAS E FUE L

PROPERTIE S Specifi cGravit y Sulfur , wt % Cetan e Numbe r Cetan e Inde x

... . 0.86±0.0 1 0.05±0.002 5 45.21 2 45.71 2 Distillatio n parameter s IBP

. " F 10% , ° F .'

. 50%

. ° F 90% , ° F En d Point

. " F

. Aromatics , vol %

. Olefins , vol % Saturates , vol %

.

Additive ' Deposi t Contro l Corrosio n Inhibito r

. . Demulsifie r Biocid e Antt-oxtdan t Meta l deactivato r 351+ 5 4331 5 516+ 5 6061 5 6511 5 38.410. 5 1.510. 3 60.111. 0 Allowabl e rang e 33-8 4 pp m 3-3 3 pp m 0.3-0. 8 pp m 135-100 0 pp m 17-2 6 pp m 4-1 6 pp m

• Additive s use d i n th e bas e fue l ma ycon tai n n o element s othe rtha n CHON

. 

### EP A ha s als o develope dpropose d bas e fuel specification s fo r alternativ e fuels , base do n Californi aAi r Resource s Board(CARB ) definition s an dothe r availabl e information

. EP A request s comment s o n th e propose dbas e fuel specifications , discusse dbelo w for eac h alternativ e fue

l family

. A

t thi s time , muc hles s in-us e dat ai s availablefo r alternativ e fuel s tha n fo

r conventiona l fuels , an dsom e of

thes e fuel s an dthei r associate dvehicle/engin e technologie s ar e stil l unde r

development

. EP

A thu s propose s t o allo w som e flexibility (with specifi c EP

A approval ) i n th e bas e fue l formulation s specifie dfo r th e alternativ e fuel families , if necessitate d b y technologica l change s occurrin g after final promulgatio n o f

th e specifications

. Suc hchange s migh t

b e particularl y necessary i n regardt o th e additive s specifie dt o b e use da s par t of th e bas e fuels

. Fo r example , th e propose dM10 0 bas e fuel (se e below ) i s specifie dt o contai n n o additives

. Thi s propose d specificatio n reflects EPA' s understandin g tha t

M10 0 fuel i s currentl y use dwithou t

additive s i n heavy-dut y buse s i n California

. However , a s experienc e accumulate s • and/o r if othe r M10 0 vehicl e technologie s becom e predominant , th e nee dfo r aminimu mcomplemen t o f additive s (suc ha s agent s t o increas e th e lubricit y o r auto-ignitio n characteristic s of M100 ) may becom e evident

. I n suc h cases , EP A woul drevie w an d(if justified ) approv e request s from alternativ e fuel manufacturer s t o modif y th e bas e fuel (and/o r

additive ) specifications

. Suc hrequest s woul d generall y b e deeme dt o b e justifie di f consisten t

wit hth e associate dvehicl e manufacturer' s recommendation s fo r operatio n o

f th e vehicle

. Publi c notic e of an y approve dchange s t o th e bas e fuel s (and/or , thei r

additiv e components ) woul db e publishe di n th e Federa l Register

. 1

. Methano l A s propose di n th e NPRM , th e baselin e category withi n th e methano l fuel famil y woul dcontai n tw o F/F A groups : th e M10 0 grou p (to includ e methano l formulation s witha t leas t 9 6 percen t methano l b y volume ) an dth e M8 5 grou p (to includ e methano l formulation s wit h50-9 5 percen t methano l b y volume)

. Eac hof thes e baselin e methano l group s woul dhav e it s ow n bas e fuel

. Thes e bas e fuel s woul dcontai n n o element s othe r tha n carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , sulfur , an dchlorine

. Th e chlorin e (a s chloride ) woul db e permitte da s a

. contaminan t

remaining frommethano l production , an dwoul db e limite dt o n o mor e tha n 0.000 1 percen t b y mass
. Th e sulfu r conten t ma y no t excee d0.00 2 percen t b y mas s i n th e M10 0 bas e fuel ' an dmay
. no t

excee d0.00 4 percen t

b y mas s i n th e M8 5 bas e fuel

. Th e M10 0 bas e fuel woul db e require dt o consis t

of 10 0 percen t

b y voluin e chemica l grad e methanol

. Th e M8 5 bas e fuel woul dcontai n 8 5 percen t b y volum e chemica l grad e methanol , blende dwit h1 5 volum e percen t unleade dgasolin e bas e fue l (a s describe di n Tabl e 1)

. N o additive s othe r tha n thos e containe di n th e gasolin e base'fue l componen t woul db e allowed

. Specification s fo r th e methano l bas e fuel s ar e presente di n Tabl e 3

. TABL E 3.—METHANO L BAS E FUE L

PROPERTIE S '

Chemica l grad e MeOH , vpl % Gasolin e bas e Fuel , vof % Chlorin e (a s chloride) , wt%

. max Water , wt% , max Sulfur , wt% , ma x M8 5

85. 0 15. 0
0.000 1 0. 5 0.00 4 

# JP.1 3



### 889 G Federa l Registe r / Vol

. 59 , No

. 3 7 /

Thursday , Februar y 24 , 199 4 / Propose dRule s
TABL E 

### 4.—E85 BAS E FUE L PROPERTIE S
Chemica l grad e ethanol , vol % Gasolin e bas e fuel , vol % Chlorin e (a s chloride) , wt% , max

.. . Copper , mg/L , max Sulfur , wt% , max Water , wt% , max 85. 0 15. 0 0.000 4 0.0 7 0.00 4 0.5 0
TABL E 5.—METHAN E BAS E FUE L SPECIFICATION S
Methane , mole% , mi n Ethane , mole% , max Propan e an d highe rHC , mole%

. ma x C 6 an d highe rHC , mole% , max

. Oxygen , mole% , max Inert gases : Su m o f CO j an d N 2 , mole% , max

. . Sulfu r(odoran t additive) , ppmv , max

. 89. 0 4. 5 2. 3 0. 2 0. 6 4. 0 1 6
TABL E 6.—PROPAN E BAS E FUE L

SPECIFICATION S
RVP , psig , max Evaporativ e temperature , 95% , "F , ma x Propane , vol% , mi

n Propylene , vol% , ma

x Butane , vol% , ma

x Sulfu r(odoran t additive) , ppmw , ma x -3 7 92. 5 5. 0 2. 5 12 0 Th e E8 5 bas e fue l woul dcontai n n o element s othe r

tha n carbon , hydrogen , oxygen , nitrogen , sulfur , chlorine , an d copper
. Th e chlorin e (a s chloride ) woul db e permitte da s acontaminan t remaining fromethano l production , an d woul db e limite dt o n o mor e tha n 0.000 4 percen t

b y mass
. Th e sulfu r conten t i n th e E8 5 bas e fue l ma y no t excee d0.00 4 percen t

b y mass
. Copper , als o acontaminan t

fromethano l production , woul db e limite dt o 0.0 7 mg/L

. Th e E8 5 bas e fue l woul dcontai n 8 5 percen t b y volum e chemica l grad e ethanol , blende dwit h1 5 volum e percen t unleade dgasolin e bas e fuel

. N o additives , beyon dthos e include di n th e gasolin e bas e fue l portio n o f th e ethano l blends , woul db e include di n th e E8 5 bas e fuel

. Additive s use di n th e gasolin e componen t

o f E8 5 shoul db e ethanol

compatible

. A summar y o f th e ethano l

. bas e fue l specification s i s provide di n • Table " 4

. 20 8 3

. Methan e (CNG , LNG )

Som e gasolin e detergent s hav e bee n show n t o caus e intak e syste mdeposit s whe n use di n M8 5 applications

. Likewise , lubricatin g oil s containin g calciu mhav e bee n show n t o caus e injecto r ti p deposit s i n M10 0 applications

. Therefore , EP A recommend s tha t

F/F A producer s determin e th e methano l compatibilit y o f lubricatin g oil s a s wel l a s fue l additive s use di n th e gasolin e portio n o f th e M8 5 bas e fuel

. EP A requests comment s o n thi s issue

. 2

. Ethano l I n th e NPRM , EP A propose dtw o baselin e group s fo r

th e ethano l fue l family : E10 0 grou p an dE8 5 group
. However , EP A i s no w considerin g definin g onl y on e grou p fo r baselin e ethano l formulations

. Thi s singl e baselin e ethano l grou p woul db e representedb y E8 5 bas e fuel

. Th e rational e behin dthi s proposa l i s tha t fue l ethano l i s require dt o contai n a t leas t 5 percen t

denaturant , whic hmean s that , i n actuality , E10 0 formulation s contai n onl y 9 5 percen t ethano l (i.e. , E95)

. Furthermore , gasolin e i s normall y use da s th e denaturan t fo r ethano l fuels

. EP A believe s tha t

ther e woul db e littl e incrementa l valu e i n requirin g test s o f E9 5 i n additio n t o E85 , an dthu s propose s t o creat e a-singl e baselin e ethano l grou p represente db y a n E8 5 bas e fuel

. Th e methan e fue l famil y woul db e represente db y anatura l ga s bas e fue l whos e elementa l compositio n i s limite d t o CHONS , wit hth e sulfu r presen t onl y a s a n odoran t

fo r lea k detectio n purpose s an dlimite dt o 1 6 part s pe r millio n (b y volume)

. Th e adde dodoran t shoul db e use da t

aleve l suc htha t

at

. ambien t condition s th e fue l mus t hav e adistinctiv e odo r

poten t enoug hfo r

it s presenc e t o b e detecte ddow n t o a concentratio n i n ai r

o f no t ove r 1/ 5 (one

fifth) o f th e lowe r

limi t o f flammability

. N o othe r additive s woul db e include di n th e bas e fuel

. Th e propose dmethan e bas e fue l specification s ar e presente di n Tabl e 5

. 4

. Propan e (LPG ) Special-dut y propane , a s define di n AST M specificatio n D-1835 , i s propose dt o serv e a s th e propan e bas e fuel

. Th e propan e bas e fue l ma y contai n n o element s othe r

tha n CHONS , wit h th e sulfu r

presen t a s a n adde dodoran t fo r lea k detectio n purpose s an dlimite d t o 12 0 pp m(b y weight)

. Th e adde d odoran t shoul db e use da t

aleve l suc h tha t a t ambien t condition s th e fue l mus t hav e adistinctiv e odo r poten t enoug h fo r it s presenc e t o b e detecte ddow n t o aconcentratio n i n ai r

o f no t ove r V s (one-fifth ) o f

th e lowe r

limi t o f flammability

. N o othe r additiv e woul d b e allowe dinclude di n th e bas e fuel

. Th e propose dbas e fue l specification s fo r propan e ar e presente di n Tabl e 6

. IV

. Publi c Participatio n EP A desire s ful l publi c participatio n i n arrivin g a t

it s final decisions , an d therefor e solicit s comment s o n al l aspect s o f thi s notic e fro mal l intereste d parties

. However , EP A doe s reques t tha t comment s b e limite dt o th e specifi c ' issue s identifie dan ddiscusse di nthi s notice

. EP A doe s no t

inten dt o respon d t o comment s submitte da t thi s tim e whic hconcer n othe r

aspect s o f

th e propose dprogram
. Ampl e opportunit y fo r suc hcomment s wa s alread y provide da t

th e publi c hearing s an d durin g th e commen t

period s whic h followe dpublicatio n o f th e ANPR M an d NPRM

. Fo r

thos e submittin g comments , wheneve r

applicable , ful l supportin g rationale , data , an ddetaile danalysi s shoul db e submitte dt o allo w EP A t o mak e maximu mus e o f th e comments

. Al l comment s shoul db e directe dt o th e EP A Ai r Docket

. Docke t

No

. A-90-0 7 (se e ADDRESSES)

. Comment s wil l b e accepte dunti l Marc h28,1994

. V

. Statutor y Authorit y Th e statutor y authorit y fo r thi s proposa l i s provide db y section s 205(b ) • an d(c) , 211 , an d301(a ) o f th e Clea n Ai r Ac t a s amende d(4 2 U.S. C 7524(b ) an d (c) , 7545

. an d7601(a)

. Publi c La w 95

- 951

. Lis t o f Subject s i n 4 0 CF RPar t 7 9

' Environmenta l protection , Fuels , Fue l additives , Gasoline , Moto r vehicl e -pollution , Penalties

. Dated : February 15,1994

. Mar y D

. Nichols , Assistant Administrator

for Air and Radiation. (F RDoc ; 94-404 7 File d2-23-94 ; 8:4 5 am i Bit-UN O COO E S36O-60- P

DEPARTMEN TO F COMMERC E Nationa l Oceani c an d Atmospheri c Administratio n 5 0 CF R Par t 66 3 [Docke t No

. 940255-4054 ; I.D

. 01 2894 A ) RI N 0648-AF9 5 Pacifi c Coas t Groundfis h Fisher y AGENCY: Nationa l Marin e Fisherie s Servic e (NMFS) , Nationa l Oceani c an d Atmospheri c Administratio n (NOAA) , Commerce

. ACTION: Propose drule ; reques t fo r comments

. SUMMARY

: Th e Secretar y o f

Commerc e (Secretary ) request s publi c comment s o n apropose drul e tha t

woul dannuall y allocat e th e U.S

. Pacifi c whitin g harves t guidelin e o r

quota , i n 199 4 throug h 1996 , between : Fishin g vessel s tha t eithe r catc han dproces s a t

se ao r catc h an ddelive r

t o at-se aprocessors ; an d