PLANTOIMPROVEAIRQUALITYINTHEWASHINGTON,DC-MD-VAREGIONMarch7,2008StateImplementationPlan(SIP)forFineParticle(PM25)StandardsAnd2002BaseYearInventoryfortheWashingtonDC-MD-VANonattainmentAreaMETROPOLITANWASHINGTONCOUNCILOFGOVERNMENTSCPLANTOIMPROVEAIRQUALITYINTHEWASHINGTON,DC-MD-VAREGIONStateImplementationPlan(SIP)forFineParticle(PM2.5)Standardand2002BaseYearInventoryfortheWASHINGTONDC-MD-VANONATTAINMENTAREAPreparedby:MetropolitanWashingtonCouncilofGovernmentsfortheDistrictofColumbiaDepartmentofEnvironmentMarylandDepartmentoftheEnvironmentandtheVirginiaDepartmentofEnvironmentalQualityonbehalfoftheMetropolitanWashingtonAirQualityCommitteeMarch7,2008CAlternativeformatsofthispublicationcanbemadeavailableforpersonswithdisabilities.Phone:202.962.3300or202-962.3213(TDD)Email:accornrnodations(mwcOg.Org.Fordetails:www.mwcog.org.ForVirginia:Phone:(804)698-4070Email:abbanksdeq.virgiflia.govLLLLii[[CTABLEOFCONTENTS1.EXECUTWESUMMARY.1-11.1IntroductionandBackground1-11.2SIPRequirementsforNonattainmentAreas1-41.3TheSIPProcess1-41.4TheMetropolitanWashingtonAirQualityCommittee(MWAQC)1-51.5InterstateAirQualityCouncil1-61.6StateCommitment/ImplementationAssurances1-61.7SubmittalofthePlans1-61.8Sanctions1-61.9BaseYear2002Emissionmv.andFY2009EmissionInv1-71.10ReductionsinPM2.5PrecursorsfromMeasures,2002-20091-91.11EstablishmentofaBudgetforTransportationOn-RoadMotorVehicleEmissions1-111.12AttainmentDemonstration1-121.13AnalysisofReasonablyAvailableControlMeasures(RACM)1-131.14ContingencyMeasures1-131.15DocumentContents1-142.0FINEPARTICLEPOLLUTION2-12.1DefinitionofFineParticlePollution2-12.2HealthandEnvironmentalEffects2-12.3SeasonalVariationofPM25ConcentrationsandConstituents2-32.4DiurnalVariationofFineParticles2-82.5TrajectoriesofFineParticles2-82.6MajorConstituentsofPM2.5intheWashingtonRegion2-102.7SourcesofFmeParticlesandConstituentsintheWashingtonRegion2-112.8DeterminationofSignificanceforPrecursors2-122.9CompliancewiththeAnnualPM2.5NAAQS2-143.0THE2002BASE-YEARINVENTORY3-13.1Backgroundandrequirements3-13.2TotalEmissionsbySource3-53.2.1PointSources3-53.2.2AreaSources3-53.2.3OnroadMobileSources3-53.2.4NonroadMobileSources3-63.2.5BiogenicSources3-73.3AnnualInventories3-74.0THE2009PROJECTEDINVENTORIES4-14.12009ProjectedUncontrolledInventories4-14.2EmissionReductionsfromControlMeasures4-84.3The2009ProjectedControlledInventories4-10iiiC F

5.0 CONTROL MEASURES. 5-1

5.1 Point Source Measures 5-2

5.2 Area Source Measures 5-7

5.3 Nonroad Source Measures 5-8

5.4 On-road Source Measures 5-16

5.5 Supplemental Control Measures 5-24

6.0 REASONABLY AVAILABLE CONTROL MEASURES (RACM) ANALYSIS 6-1

6.1 Statutory and Regulatory Requirements for RACM Analysis 6-1

6.1.1 Discussion of Reasonable Control Measures 6-1

6.1.2 Evaluation of RACM for Purposes of Achieving Attainment 6-2

6.2 Summary 6-2

6.2.1 RACM Determinaton 6-2

6.2.2 RACT Applicability 6-3

7.0 MOTOR VEHICLE EMISSION BUDGETS 7-1

7.1 Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget and the Washington Area

Transportation Conformity Process 7-2

7.2 Budget Level for On-Road Motor Vehicle Source Emissions 7-3

7.2.1 Attainment Year 2009 On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets 7-4

7.2.2 Contingency Budget 7-4

7.3 TCMs and TERMs 7-4

7.4 Trends in On-Road Motor Vehicle Emissions 7-4

8.0 1997 PM 2 . 5 NONATTAINMENT AREA PLAN COMMITMENTS 8-1

8.1 Schedules of Adopted Control Measures 8-1

8.2 New Source Review Permitting 8-7

8.3 RACT Applicability 8-8

8.4 Revision of New Source Review Regulations 8-8

9.0 ATTAINMENT DEMONSTRATION 9-1

9.1 Modeling Study Overview: Background and Objectives 9-1

9.1.1 Relationship to Regional Modeling Protocols 9-1

9.1.2 Conceptual Model 9-2

9.2 Domain and Database Issues 9-2

9.2.1 Episode Selection 9-2

9.2.2 Size of the Modeling Domain 9-3

9.2.3 Horizontal Grid Size 9-3

9.2.4 Vertical Resolution 9-3

9.2.5 Initial and Boundary Conditions 9-3

9.2.6 Meteorological Model Selection and Configuration 9-4

9.2.7 Emissions Model Selection and Configuration 9-4

9.2.8 Air Quality Model Selection and Configuration 9-5

9.2.9 Quality Assurance 9-5

9.3 Model Performance Evaluation 9-5

9.3.1 Diagnostic and Operational Evaluation 9-6

9.3.2 Summary of Model Performance 9-16 LC9.4AttainmentDemonstration.9-169.4.1ModelAttainmentTest9-179.4.2UnmonitoredAreaAnalysis9-239.4.3LocalAreaAnalysis9-249.4.4EmissionsInventories9-249.4.5SupplementalAnalysesandWeightofEvidenceDetermination9-259.4.6SummaryandConclusionsofAttainmentDemonstration9-269.4.7ProceduralRequirements9-2710.0CONTINGENCYPLAN10-110.1Background10-110.2EnforceabilityIssues10-110.3EvaluationlRequiredReductions10-110.4IdentifiedContingencyMeasures10-2GlossaryListofTablesTableA1-10Table2-1EPASIPRequirementsforPMPollutants2-13Table2-2SummaryofSignificanceDeterminationsforSIPControlsandMotorVehicleEmissionBudgets2-13Table2-3SummaryofRationaleforInsignificanceDeterminationsforVOCsandNH3forSIPControls2-14Table3-12002BaseYearAnnualPM2.5DirectInventory3-2Table3-22002BaseYearAnnualNOInventory3-2Table3-32002BaseYearAnnualSO2Inventory3-3Table3-42002BaseYearAnnualVOCsInventory3-3Table3-52002BaseYearAnnualNH3Inventory3-4Table3-62002BaseYearAnnualPM10DirectInventory3-4Table4-12002-2009GrowthFactors4-2Table4-22009ProjectedUncontrolledPM2.5DirectEmissions4-6Table4-32009ProjectedUncontrolledNOEmissions4-6Table4-42009ProjectedUncontrolledSO2Emissions4-7Table4-5FuelReidVaporPressure4-liTable4-6OtherNONROADModelInputs4-liTable4-72009ProjectedControlledPM2.5DirectEmissions4-13Table4-82009ProjectedControlledNOEmissions4-13Table4-92009ProjectedControlledSO2Emissions4-14TableASummaryofControlStrategies5-1Table8-1DistrictofColumbiaScheduleofAdoptedControlMeasures8-1Table8-2MarylandScheduleofAdoptedControlMeasures8-3Table8-3VirginiaScheduleofAdoptedControlMeasures8-5Table8-4StationarySourcePermittingRevisions8-7Table9-1EPAPM2.5ModelingPerformanceGoals9-6Table9-2VISTASPM2.5ModelingPerformanceGoals9-7VCcVTable9-3AnnualSMATResultsforWashington,D.C.MSA2009Beyond-On-The-WayControlMeasuresandVirginiaCAIRRule9-21Table9-42009AnnualSMATResultsComparisonforRegionalModelingRuns9-22Table9-524-HourModelingAttainmentTestUsingEPASMATMethodology2009Beyond-On-The-WayControlMeasuresandVirginiaCAIRRule9-22Table9-6200924-HourSMATResultsComparisonforRegionalModelingRuns9-23Table10-1ContingencyRequirementforPMandPMPrecursors10-2Table10-2ContingencyMeasuresfor2009Attainment10-3ListofFiguresFigure1-1FRMandSTNMonitoringNetwork1-3Figure1-2PM2.5EmissionsBySource1-7Figure1-3NOEmissionsBySource1-8Figure1-4SO2EmissionsBySource1-8Figure1-5AnnualPM2.5DesignValue,2001-20061-12Figure1-624-HourPM2.5DesignValue,2001-20061-13Figure2-1AtmosphericChemicalReactionsthatContributetoPM2.52-2Figure2-2SeasonalVariationofPM2.5during2002-20052-3Figure2-3SeasonalVariationofSulfatesduring2002-20052-4Figure2-4SeasonalVariationofNitratesduring2002-20052-5Figure2-5SeasonalVariationofOrganicCarbonduring2002-20052-6Figure2-6SeasonalVariationofAmmoniumduring2002-20052-7Figure2-7PM2.5DiurnalPatternBasedonDailyPM2.5Datafrom2003to20072-8Figure2-8FinePMTrajectoriesfrom2001to20032-9Figure2-9AnnuallyAveraged2001-2003ConcentrationsofPM2.5Constituents2-10Figure2-10PM2.5Composition(%byMass)DatafromMcMillanin20042-11Figure2-11AnnualPM2.5DesignValue,WashingtonRegion,2001-20062-15VFigure2-1224-HourPM2.5DesignValue,WashingtonRegion,2001-20062-15Figure9-1Washington,D.C.MetropolitanStatisticalAreaandSurroundingRegion9-2Figure9-1FRM,STN,andiMPROVELocationsUsedfortheModelEvaluation9-8Figure9-2CompositeFRMTimeSeriesacrosstheOTR+Region(264monitors)9-9Figure9-3MFEandMFBTimeSeriesforFRMPM2.5acrosstheOTR+Region9-10.-Figure9-4BuglePlotforFRMPM2.5acrossOTR+Region9-11 LFigure9-5BuglePlotforSO4acrossOTR+Region9-12Figure9-6BuglePlotforNO3acrossOTR+Region9-13Figure9-7BuglePlotforNH4acrossOTR+Region9-13Figure9-8BuglePlotforECacrossOTR+Region9-13Figure9-9BuglePlotforOMacrossOTR+Region9-14Figure9-10BuglePlotforSoillCrustalacrossOTR+Region9-14Figure9-11BuglePlotforFRMPM2.5inWashingtonDCMSA9-15Figure9-12TrendinAnnualPM2.5DesignValues(1999-01through2004-06)9-26Figure9-13Trendin24-HourPM2.5DesignValues(1999-01through2004-06)9-26V LviListofAppendicesAppendixA.MWAQCandAQPACRostersAppendixB.BaseYear2002EmissionsInventoryandDocumentationAppendixBAttachmentsAl.BY2002PointSourceEmissionsSummaryA2.BY2002PointSourceEmissionsFiles—NIF3.0Format(AvailableonaCDonrequest)B1.TechnicalMemorandumonCommercialCookingEmissionsB2.TechnicalMemorandumonCompostingEmissionsB3.BY2002EmissionsInventoryDocumentforMarylandB4.AirportEmissions(MetropolitanWashingtonAirportsAuthority)B5.PortableFuelContainerCalculationMethodologyforVirginiaCl.BY2002AreaandNonroadSourceEmissionsSummaryC2.BY2002Area&Non-NonroadModelEmissionsFiles—NIF3.0Format(AvailableonaCDonrequest)C3.BY2002NonroadModelEmissionsFiles-NIF3.0Format(AvailableonaCDonrequest)Dl.BY2002OnroadMobileSourceEmissionsInventoryandDocumentationD2.BY2002OnroadMobileModelInput_OutputFiles(AvailableonaCDonrequest)D3.BY2002OnroadMobileSourceEmissions-NIF3.0Format(AvailableonaCDonrequest)AppendixC.2009PointSourceEmissionsSummaryAppendixD.Round7.OaCooperativeForecastProjections_2009AreaandNonroadSourceEmissionsSummaryAppendixEl.2009OnroadMobileSourceEmissionsInventoriesandDocumentationAppendixE2.2009OnroadMobileModelInput_OutputFiles(AvailableonaCDonrequest)AppendixF.TransportationControlMeasuresandVehicle,Maintenance,orFuel-BasedMeasuresAppendixG.SupplementalMeasuresSupportDocumentationAppendixH.RACMSummaryTableAppendixI.ModelingDocumentationAttachmentA.Marama_PM25Forecasting_ReportAttachmentA.NESCAUM_PM25_Conceptual_ModelAttachmentB.OTC&ASIP_ModelingDomainsAttachmentC.HorizontalGridDefinitionsforMM5andCMAQAttachmentD.VerticalLayerDefinitionsforMM5andCMAQAttachmentE.MM5MeteorologicalModelConfigurationsAttachmentF.Hao2005_METDataAnalysis-HaoAttachmentF.HeEtAl20052002AnnualEvalofl2kmMM5SurfParams4OTCModeling-HeAttachmentF.ZhangandZhang2005_MM5report-2002dataAttachmentF.ZhangandZhengJApplMet2004_PBLschemesAttachmentG.SIPSMOKEEmissionsModelingConfigurationAttachmentG.OTCSMOKEEmissionsModelingConfigurationAttachmentH.CMAQAirQualityModelConfigurationsAttachmentI.CMAQModelPerformance(AvailableonaCDonrequest)AttachmentJ.PM25_Design_Value_Calculations(AvailableonaCDonrequest)AppendixJ.ContingencySupportDocumentationAppendixK.PublicHearingNotices/CommentSummaryandResponse•.:•Vii3.02002BaseYearInventory3.1BackgroundandRequirementsThe2002BaseYearInventoryisdocumentedindetailinAppendixB(2002BaseYearEmissionsInventoryDocumentforWashington,DC-MD-VAPM2.5NonattainmentArea)ofthePM2.5SIPdocument.ThisinventorydocumentwaspreparedfortheDistrictofColumbia,Maryland,andVirginiabytheMetropolitanWashingtonCouncilofGovernments(MWCOG)undertheauspicesofMWAQC.ItisavailableforinspectionalongwithrestofthePM2.5SiPdocumentsattheofficesoftheMWCOGandtheDistrictofColumbia,Maryland,andVirginiaairmanagementagenciesinadditiontotheMWCOGWebsite(http://sharepoint.mwcog.org/afrquality).TheemissionsinventorycoverstheWashington,DC-MD-VAPM2.5nonattainmentarea,Figure1-1,whichisclassifiedasanonattainmentareafortheannualPM2.5standardbytheEnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA).The2002emissionsinventoryisthebaselinefortrackingtheprogressforemissionsinfutureyears,suchastheattainmentyear2009.Italsoservesasthestartingpointforcalculatingtheemissionsreductionrequirement(forman-madesourcesofemissions)neededtomeetthecontingencyrequirementsincasethePM2.5standardsarenotmetintheattainmentyear2009.EmissionsreductionsforattainmentcontingencyarerequiredfornonattainmentareasbytheCleanAirActAmendments(CAAA)andEPA.AppendixB(2002BaseYearEmissionsInventoryDocumentforWashington,DC-MD-VAPM2.5NonattainmentArea)ofthePM2.5SIPdocumentaddressesemissionsofPM25Direct,oxidesofnitrogen(NO),sulfurdioxide(SO2),volatileorganiccompounds(VOC5),ammonia(NH3),andPM10.Directonanannualbasis.Includedintheinventoryareanthropogenic(manmade)sources,suchaspoint,area,nonroad,andon-roadmobilesourcesandbiogenic(naturallyoccurring)sourcesofPM2.5precursors.The2002baseyearannualinventoriesforPM2.5Direct,NOR,SO2,VOCs,NH3andPM10DirectcanbeseeninTables3-1through3-6.MWAQCPM2SIP3-1March7,2008[1Table3-12002BaseYearAnnualPM25-DirectInventory I(tons/year) I.

C: CDistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint126.533,497.31545.714,169.55Area495.077,479.485,692.3213,666.87Nonroad298.711,007.451,312.152,618.31On-Road156.27841.18727.251,724.70Biogenics0.000.000.000.00Totala1,076.5812,825.428,277.4322,179.44aSmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding.Table3-22002BaseYearAnnualNOInventory(tons/year)DistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint1,317.4645,829.4314,195.6761,342.56Area1,694.705,167.947,091.3813,954.02Nonroad3,535.649,972.8913,213.5826,722.11On-Road8,827.3747,640.1641,107.7897,575.31Biogenics25.91430.75301.22757.88Totala15,401.08109,041.1775,909.63200,351.88 r [[ISmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding.MWAQCPM2.5SIP3-2March7,2008CTable3-32002BaseYearAnnualSOInventory(tons/year)DistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint2,467.55164,784.0637,400.23204,651.84Area463.442,375.529,496.5912,335.56Nonroad376.46894.191,562.462,833.10On-Road289.881,734.881,515.223,539.98Biogenics0.000.000.000.00Totala3,597.33169,788.6549,974.50223,360.49aSmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding.Table3-42002BaseYearAnnualVOCsInventory11(tons/year)DistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint87.761,112.16701.941,901.86Area6,313.8831,667.7134,395.8072,377.39Nonroad2,042.8314,224.3614,225.0830,492.27On-Road4,913.2420,495.1118,495.5643,903.91Biogenics2,519.6331,126.7024,906.3858,552.71Totala15,877.3498,626.0492,724.76207,228.14aSmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding.MWAQCPM2.5SIP3-3March7,2008Table3-52002BaseYearAnnualNH3Inventory(tons/year)aSmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding. C) r r 1 L LMWAQCPM25SIP3-4March7,2008 LZ. L_DistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint11.1325.330.0036.46Area12.593,113.84543.723,670.14Nonroad0.000.000.000.00On-Road383.372,035.191,827.064,245.62Biogenics0.000.000.000.00Totala407.085,174.362,370.787,952.22aSmalldiscrepanciesmayresultduetorounding.Table3-62002BaseYearAnnualPM10-DirectInventory(tons/year)DistrictofMarylandVirginiaTotalaColumbiaPoint181.565,208.23997.636,387.42Area2,680.4523,359.8326,571.3152,611.59Nonroad310.181,057.651,380.702,748.53On-Road223.621,200.361,048.212,472.19Biogenics0.000.000.000.00Totala3,395.8130,826.0629,997.8564,219.72C C!

3.2 Total Emissions by Source

3.2.1 Point Sources

For emissions inventory purposes, point sources are defined as stationary, commercial, or

industrial operations that emit more than 10 tons/year. The point source inventory consists of

actual emissions for the base year 2002 and includes sources within the geographical area of the

Washington, DC-MD-VA PM 2 . 5 nonattainment area. The states of Maryland and Virginia and the

District of Columbia are responsible for compiling and submitting point source emission

estimates.

In 2002, the State of Maryland also included all types of Andrews Air Force Base (AFB)

emissions in their point source emissions. These sources are called quasi-point source emissions.

3.2.2 Area Sources

Area sources are sources of emissions that are too small to be inventoried individually and that

collectively contribute significant emissions. Area sources include smaller stationary point

sources not included in the states’ point source inventories such as printing establishments, dry

cleaners, and auto-refinishing companies as well as nonstationary sources such as evaporative

emissions during transport of petroleum tank trucks and portable fuel containers.

Area source emissions typically are estimated by multiplying an emission factor by some known

indicator of collective activity for each source category at the county level. An activity level is

any parameter associated with the activity of a source, such as production rate or fuel

consumption that may be correlated with the air pollutant emissions from that source. For

example, the total amount of VOC emissions emitted by commercial aircraft can be calculated

by multiplying the number of landing and takeoff cycles (LTOs) by an EPA-approved emission

factor per LTO cycle for each specific aircraft type.

Several approaches are available for estimating area source activity levels and emissions. These

include apportioning statewide activity totals to the local inventory area and using emissions per

employee (or other unit) factors. For example, solvent evaporation from consumer and

commercial products such as waxes, aerosol products, and window cleaners cannot be routinely

determined for many local sources. The per capita emission factor assumes that emissions in a

given area can be reasonably associated with population. This assumption is valid over broad

areas for certain activities such as dry cleaning and small degreasing operations. For some other

sources an employment-based factor is more appropriate as an activity surrogate.

3.2.3 Onroad Mobile Sources

Motor vehicles constitute onroad mobile sources. Emissions from mobile sources were derived

from the use of the National Capital Region Transportation Planning Board (TPB) travel demand

forecasting procedure, which simulates vehicle travel across the region’s transportation system.

Travel was simulated on all highways in the region, including both volume and speed of travel

for each hour of the day. An EPA emissions model, MOBILE 6.2.03, was used to determine the

emissions characteristics of the vehicle fleet in place in the year 2002. Input for this emissions

model includes locally specific information such as age distribution of registered vehicles,

MWAQC PM 25 SIP 3-5 March 7, 2008C:evaporationcharacteristicsofmotorfuel,andtemperaturedata.ThegeneralequationfortheestimationofmobilesourcesisEmissions=(TravelComponent)x(EmissionFactor).Emissionsaccountedforinthemobilesourceinventoryinclude [Origin:Emissionsinclude“coldstart”and“hotstart”emissionsoccurringduringthefirstfewminutesofvehicleoperation.Running:Emissionsoccurringonlocalstreetsandontheregion’snetworkofarterialstreets,freeways,andnonrampfreeways.RunningLoss:Emissionsduetotheheatingoffuelandfuellines.Crankcase:Emissionsduetoblow-by.Destination:Evaporativeor“hotsoak”emissionsoccurringattheconclusionofavehicletripaftertheengineisturnedoff.Diurnal:Evaporativeemissionsoccurringwhenthevehicleisatrestduetotemperaturefluctuations.RestingLoss:Emissionsduetothepermeationoffuelthroughhosesandfittings.AutoAccess:EmissionsattributabletoautotripstoMetrorailstationsortopark-and-ridelots.Bus:Busemissions,i.e.,Metrobus,Ride-on,etc.3.2.4NonroadMobileSourcesEmissionsforallnonroadvehiclesandenginesexceptairport[aircraft,groundsupportequipment(GSE),andauxiliarypowerunits(APUs)],locomotives,anddieselmarinevesselswerecalculatedusingEPA’sNONROAD2005modelversion2005a(February8,2006).ThismodelwasrunwithitsassociatedgraphicuserinterfaceNONROAD2005.1.0(June12,2006),reportingutilityversion2005c(March21,2006),andallgeographicalallocationdatafilesupdateduntilFebruary1,2006.Emissionsfromthe“nonroadvehiclesandengines”categoryresultfromtheuseoffuelina I‘diversecollectionofvehiclesandequipment,includingvehiclesandequipmentinthefollowingLcategories:•Recreationalvehicles,suchasall-terrainvehiclesandoff-roadmotorcycles;•Loggingequipment,suchaschainsaws;•Agriculturalequipment,suchastractors;•Constructionequipment,suchasgradersandbackhoes;•Industrialequipment,suchasforkliftsandsweepers;•Residentialandcommerciallawnandgardenequipment,suchasleafandsnowblowers;and•Aircraftgroundsupportequipment.Thenonroadmodelestimatesemissionsforeachspecifictypeofnonroadequipmentbymultiplyingthefollowinginputdataestimates:•Equipmentpopulationforbaseyear(orbaseyearpopulationgrowntoafutureyear),distributedbyage,power,fueltype,andapplication; LiMWAQCPM25SIP3-6March7,2008CC•Averageloadfactorexpressedasaveragefractionofavailablepower;•Availablepowerinhorsepower;•Activityinhoursofuseperyear;and•Emissionfactorwithdeteriorationand/ornewstandards.Theemissionsarethentemporallyandgeographicallyallocatedusingappropriateallocationfactors.Aircraft(military,commercial,generalaviation,andairtaxi)andauxiliarypowerumts(APU)operatedatairportsalongwithlocomotivesanddieselmarinevesselsarealsoconsiderednonroadsourcesandareincludedinthenonroadcategoryMetropolitanWashingtonAirportsAuthority(MWAA)providedalltypesofairportemissionsforDulles(FairfaxandLoudoun)andReaganNational(Arlington)airports,whicharedocumentedinAirPollutionEmissionInventoriesforWashingtonDullesInternationalAirportandRonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirportforCalendarYears2002200820091(seeAttachmentB4ofthe2002BaseYearInventorydocument)Nonroadmodel-generatedgroundsupportequipmentemissionsforLoudounandArlingtoncountieswerereplacedbyemissionsprovidedbyMWAA.WhileMWAAGSEemissionsforDullesairportwereequallydivided1betweenFairfaxandLoudouncounties,ReaganNationalemissionswereputmtoArlingtonJCountyAircraftandAPUemissionsforothercountieswereprovidedbytherespectivestatesEmissionsfromlocomotivesandcommercialdieselmarinevesselswerealsoprovidedbythestates.3.2.5BiogenicSourcesAnimportantcomponentoftheinventoryisbiogenicemissions.Biogenicemissionsarethoseresultingfromnaturalsources.BiogenicemissionsareprimarilyVOCsthatarereleasedfromvegetationthroughouttheday.BiogemcemissionsofNOincludelightningandforestfires.EPAusedabiogeniccomputermodel(BEIS3.12)toestimatebiogenicemissionsforeachcountyinthecountryforall12monthsoftheyear2002.EmissionsdataforWashington,DCPM2.5nonattainment-areacountieswereacquiredfromtheEPAWebsite(ftp:1/ftp.epa.gov/Emislnventory/2002finalneilbiogenic_sector_data/).EPAhasrecommendedthatstatesusetheseemissionsincasetheydonothavetheirownestimatedbiogenicemissions.TheWashington,DC-MD-VAPM2.5nonattainmentareadecidedtousetheinventoriesprovidedbytheEPA.3.3AnnualInventoriesThe2002baseyearinventoriesforPM25-Direct,NON,SO2,VOCs,NH3andPM,0-DirectinTables3-1through3-6arefortheannualemissions.AsummaryoftheannualinventoriesforPM2.5Direct,NON,SO2,VOCs,NH3andPM,0DirectisalsofoundinTable1-1ofAppendixB.‘MetropolitanWashingtonAirportsAuthority,AirPollutionEmissionInventoriesforWashingtonDullesInternationalAirportandRonaldReaganWashingtonNationalAirportforCalendarYears2002,20082009,preparedbyURSCorporation,Washington,DC.,March2006.MWAQCPM25SIP3-7March7,2008