UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 

- ---

ANNUAL REPORT 1990 
The text of this Annual Report is 

printed on alkaline, recycled paper. 

The cover is printed on alkaline paper. 
GPO)s fundamental 

responsibility is to ensure 

that Government 

information products 

and services are 

produced and 

distributed with the 

highest possible quality) 

in the most timely 

mannery and at the 

lowest possible cost. 

A MEssAGE FRoM THE PuBLIC PruNrnR 

overnment information is one of our most valuable national assets. It is a tool 

for managing Government operations, a means for ensuring accountability of 

Government actions, a commodity with economic value in the open market-

?lace, and a window on Government activities that is essential to the preserva-

:ion of our self-governing society. 

The value of this window was recognized by our Founding Fathers. "A 

popular Government without popular information, or the means of acquiring it," 

said James Madison, "is but a prologue to a Farce or a Tragedy; or perhaps both. 

Knowledge will forever govern ignorance: And a people who mean to be their 

own Governors, must arm themselves with the power that knowledge gives." 

Today, the Government Printing Office (GPO) serves as the "means of 

acquiring" Government information that Madison spoke of, producing and 

procuring information products and services for Congress and more than 130 

Federal agencies, and distributing them to the public through a variety of 

mechanisms, including the popular Sales of Publications and Depository Library 

Programs. 

GPO's fundamental responsibility is to ensure that Government information products and services are produced and distributed with the highest possible quality, in the most timely manner, and at the lowest possible cost. For if 

production quality is poor, the quality of the information itself is impaired, and 

the Government's obligation to fully inform the Nation is compromised. If 

information products and services are not provided in a timely manner, the 

orderly conduct of Government business is impeded, and their value to the public is diminished. And if the cost of information products and services is too 

high, it restricts the flow of information to the public, and imposes an unreasonable burden on the taxpayer. 

Minimizing the costs and maximizing the quality and timeliness of information products and services must remain the watchwords for GPO in the 

1990s. And these watchwords must apply not only to printed products, but to 

the products and services that characterize the new Information AgeCO-ROM's, optical disks, on-line database services, and others, all of which are 

being used to reproduce and disseminate an increasing amount of Government 

information . If GPO fails to harness these technologies, the window on Government activities will slowly but certainly close. The choices we make today 

with regard to these technologies will determine how effectively GPO will 

continue to provide a "means of acquiring" Government infixmation in the 

coming years. 

GPO ended fiscal year 1990 in sound financial condition, generating a consolidated net income of $10.1 million, an increase of approximately 11 percent 

over fiscal year 1989. While total revenues decreased 9 percent to $935.6 million from the previous year, net income was achieved in every major GPO program area: plant printing, purchased printing, and sales of publications. 

GPO's financial condition at year-end, however, does not fully reveal 

what was set in motion-and achieved-during 1990. Soon after taking office 

in March, I directed a thorough review of our financial condition and program 

policies. The results of that review were incorporated into a series of goals and 

objectives for GPO, forming a blueprint of the actions we intend to pursue in 

1 
2 

There is no reason to 

believe that GPO 

cannot accomplish its 

statutory mission in 

an efficient and 

economical manner. 

the coming years to ensure that GPO remains an effective "means of acquiring" 

Government information into the next century. 

This blueprint has three principal goals. We intend to maintain and 

improve client satisfaction with our products and services by reducing costs and 

improving quality and timeliness, and by providing more responsive client services. We intend to modernize GPO's operations by establishing a program for 

acquiring cost-effective production technologies and providing the necessary 

employee training for those technologies. And we intend to determine our 

future role in the execution of Federal information policy by establishing a 

bold but workable strategic plan, and by pursuing the legislative modernization 

of GPO's statutory mandate. 

The highlights of the progress we made on these goals in the final six 

months of 1990 are worth reviewing: 

• New management initiatives have reduced controllable expenses, 

making GPO a leaner, more efficient agency; 

• Staff changes and reorganizations, including the creation of a Chief 

Financial Officer, have given GPO new management capabilities; 

• Responsiveness to Congress and Federal agencies has been re-established, and client-oriented service provision has been restored; 

• Innovative alternatives for publications pricing and distribution 

have been developed; 

• GPO's use of recycled paper in Government printing has been 

expanded; 

• A comprehensive plan for the use of alkaline paper in Government 

printing has been developed and implemented; 

• Public access to Government information in electronic formats 

through GPO's Depository Library Program has been 

improved; and 

• An effective strategic planning and equipment acquisition program 

has been revitalized. 

Considering the brief span in which these initiatives were undertaken, 

GPO compiled a substantial record of achievement in 1990, a record that 

promises to provide significant benefits for the Government and the public in 

the coming years. 

At the end of the fiscal year, the General Accounting Office released an assessment of GPO's operations that focused on data accumulated from previous 

years. The report was critical of what it characterized as costly and wasteful production systems that usc outdated equipment, insufficient printing procurement 

information systems, unresponsive relationships with client agencies, weak managerial accountability, and a lack of strategic planning. 

I testified on a draft version of this report in hearings before the Joint 

Committee on Printing in July, and I provided written comments that were 

printed with the final report. As I noted on both those occasions, the problem~ 
In 1990 we for;ged a 

new consensus on the 

leed for improvements 

to GPO)s operations. 

detailed in the report are managerial and not structural or systemic in nature. 

There is no reason to believe that GPO cannot accomplish its statutory mission 

in an efficient and economical manner. 

Nor is there any reason to believe that the dedicated men and women of 

GPO's workforce cannot rise to this challenge. Recently, two of GPO's employees were commended by President Bush for their work in achieving significant 

printing and distribution cost savings for the Government. In conveying his 

congratulations, the President observed that they "have demonstrated to an 

exceptional degree my belief that Federal employees have the knowledge, ability, and desire to make a difference." In my view, the President's words apply 

equally to all of GPO's employees who have consistently proven that they have 

the skill, the confidence, and the commitment to public service to make a difference in meeting the information needs of the Government and the Nation. 

The most appropriate remedy to the challenges confronting GPO today 

lies in effective action by GPO's management and employees alike to control 

costs and improve the quality and timeliness of our products and services, and 

to move forward aggressively to adapt our operations to electronic information 

technologies. This is the course that was set for GPO in 1990 with the issuance 

of our goals and objectives, and it has been a successful course so far. 

In 1990 we forged a new consensus on the need for improvements to 

GPO's operations. The consensus represents a re-orientation of GPO to the fulfillment of our basic mission, and a reaffirmation of GPO's responsibility to 

serve as the "means of acquiring" Government information that was envisioned 

by our Founding Fathers. This is the task we face as we enter the final decade 

of the twentieth century. 

RoBERT W. HouK 

Public Printer 

April1991 

3 
GPO achieved a 

consolidated net income 

for fiscal year 1990 of 

$10.1 million) 

compared to 

$9.1 million for 

fiscal year 1989. 

GPO's 1990 Revenue Dollar 

Where It Came From 

63.7¢ /Purchased Printing--~ 

.5¢ Reimbursements----~~ 

2. 7¢ / S&E Appropriation 

8. 9¢ /Sales of Publications 

24.2¢ /In-House Printing __ _ 

4 

FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS 

he public printing and documents chapters of Title 44, United States Code, 

require GPO to fulfill the printing and binding needs of the Federal Government and distribute Government publications to the public. 

GPO's printing and binding activities are performed by a Central Office 

printing and printing procurement facility in Washington, DC, and 6 regional 

printing plants, 14 regional procurement offices, and 6 satellite procurement 

facilities located around the Nation. 

Distribution activities are overseen by GPO's Superintendent of Documents, and include the sale of publications, distribution to depository and 

international exchange libraries, agency and statutory distribution, and the cataloging and indexing of Government documents. These activities are performed 

from centrally-located operations in Washington, DC, from distribution centers 

in Laurel, MD, and Pueblo, CO, from a Congressional Sales Outlet in Washington, DC, and from 23 GPO bookstores nationwide. 

All GPO activities are financed through a revolving fund which is reimbursed by payments from client agencies, sales to the public, and transfers from 

the Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation and the Salaries and 

Expenses Appropriation of the Superintendent of Documents. These annual 

appropriations are used to reimburse GPO for costs incurred in performing 

Congressional work and to fulfill statutory requirements associated with the distribution of Government publications. Reimbursements from these appropriations are included in GPO's total revenues. 

Results of GPO Operations 

GPO achieved a consolidated net income for fiscal year 1990 of $10.1 million, 

compared to $9.1 million for fiscal year 1989. The change is attributable to the 

increased profitability of plant production operations. Consolidated revenue 

decreased by $83 million in 1990 to $935.6 million due to a decrease in commercial printing revenue, about one-third of which was associated with Decennial Census materials that were printed in 1989. Total expenses decreased by 

$84 million to $925.5 million as the result of a commensurate decrease in 

commercial printing costs. GPO's Sales of Publications operations generated net 

income of $6.4 million. 

Consolidated Printing and Binding Operations 

In 1990, GPO's in-plant and commercially-procured products and services 

Where It Went 

60.2¢ /Procured Printing---

.6¢ /Capital Expenditures 

1.8¢/0ther _____ _../ 

3.1¢ /Sales of Publications 

3.6¢ /Rents, Comm., Utilities 

6.4¢/Supplies & Materials 

23.2¢/Labor ________ __..::: 

1.1¢/Surplus--------------' 
During the yeary GPO 

produced or procured 

1. 9 billion publications 

on 380)580 printing 

orders) an average of 

1)464 orders per day. 

GPO's 1989 Revenue Dollar 

Where It Came From 

68.1¢/Purchased Printing----, 

.5¢ /Reimbursements ____ ~ 

2.2¢ / S&E Appropriation 

7.4¢/ Sales of Publications __ _; 

21.8¢ / In- House Printing--~ 

generated revenue of$864.2 million, compared to $952.9 million in 1989, representing 92 percent of GPO's total revenue (after eliminations). Revenue from 

commercially-procured printing was $634.6 million or 76 percent of total printing and binding revenue (net of revenue from sales of blank paper and Other 

Operations). During the year, GPO produced or procured 1.9 billion publications on 380,580 printing orders, an average of 1,464 orders per day. The 

average value of an order produced in-house at the Central Office plant was 

$5,226, while for regional plants it was $727. The average revenue generated 

from a commercially-procured job was $ 1,917. GPO used or sold 93.2 million 

pounds of paper in 1990. Of this, 42 percent was sold to Government agencies 

and 58 percent was used for in-house printing. 

Central Plant Printing Operations 

GPO's Central Office plant printing operations (excluding Materials and Other 

Operations) earned $5 .6 million in net income in 1990, compared to a net 

income of $263,000 for 1989. The increase in net income was due primarily to 

an increase in the prices charged for printing products and services, as well as an 

increase in work performed. Revenue was $154.8 million, an increase of $6.2 

million over 1989. The increase in revenue attributable to the increased Scale of 

Prices was offset by the transfer in 1990 of Federal Register sales from plant production operations to the Sales of Publications Program. Expenses totaled 

$149.2 million, an increase of$900,000 from the previous year. 

Regional Printing Operations 

GPO's regional printing operations experienced a combined net loss of $4.5 

million in 1990, compared to a net loss of $3.4 million in 1989, due primarily 

to a decrease in work performed . 

Materials and Other Operations 

Materials and Other Operations, consisting of paper, materials, supplies, and the 

sale of waste and scrap, experienced a net loss of $880,000 in 1990, compared 

to a net loss of $309,000 in 1989, as the result of a decrease in blank paper and 

direct-mill shipments. Other Operations generated a net income of $1 .1 million, 

compared to a net income of$ 77 6,000 in 1989. 

Where It Went 

64.6¢ /Procured Printing __ _ 

.6¢ /Capital Expenditures--~ 

1.6¢ / Other ______ _/ 

3.0¢/Rents, Comm., 

6.2¢ /Supplies & Materials 

20.7¢/Labor _________ ....: 

.9¢ / Surplus ____________ _/ 

5 
GPO)s Sales of 

Publications Program 

generated net income of 

$6.4 million in 1990) a 

23 percent increase 

from net income of 

$5.2 million generated 

in 1989. 

6 

Central and Regional Printing Procurement Operations 

GPO's printing procurement operations generated revenue of $634.6 million 

in 1990 compared to revenue of $726.4 million in 1989. Net income was $2.7 

million, a decrease of 58 percent from last year's net income of $6.5 million, 

due to a decreased volume of commercially-procured work. Revenue from 

Central Office printing procurement activities was $390.9 million, compared to 

$462 .1 million in 1989. Expenses for Central Office printing procurement 

activities were $385.9 million, compared to $455.7 million the previous year. 

Regional printing procurement revenue was $243.7 million, compared to 

$264.3 million the previous year, while expenses decreased to $246 million 

from $264 million in 1989. 

Sales of Publications Program 

GPO's Sales of Publications Program generated net income of $6.4 million in 

1990, a 23 percent increase from net income of $5.2 million generated in 

1989. Total sales revenue increased to $83.2 million compared to $75.7 million 

in 1989, due primarily to the addition of sales of the Federal Register which previously were reported in plant production operations. Revenue from sales of 

Government publications in electronic formats exceeded $1 million in 1990, 

compared to $595,000 the previous year. Bookstore revenue increased 2 percent to $13.1 million in 1990, compared to $12.8 million in 1989. 

Agency Distribution Services 

On behalf of client agencies, GPO performs distribution of publications to 

recipients designated by those agencies. GPO charges for the cost of services 

performed. In 1990, this program received $4.9 million in revenue on $5.4 million in costs, yielding a net loss of $0.5 million, due to an unanticipated increase 

in program costs. 

Salaries and Expenses Programs 

Salaries and expenses associated with the operation of the Statutory Distribution 

Program, the Depository Library Program, the Cataloging and Indexing Program, and the International Exchange Program increased by $2.6 million over 

1989 to a total of $25.4 million in 1990. 

GPO Capital Expenditures 

Capital expenditures for all GPO operations and programs in 1990 were $5.9 

million, compared to $5.8 million in 1989. Major expenditures included the 

replacement of electrical transformers, roof replacement, and sidewalk repairs; 

new office construction for the Binding Division and Materials Management 

Service; a new microscope photometer and a Moffet passport tipping system, 

and other equipment. Other expenditures were postponed in the second half of 

1990 pending the completion of a comprehensive equipment needs profile for 

submission to the Joint Committee on Printing in fiscal year 1991. ' 
In 1990) 24 percent of 

all GPO printing 

and binding revenue 

was generated by 

Government printing 

produced in-plant. 

By comparison) 

76 percent was 

generated by work 

performed by private 

sector printers. 

Procured Printing vs. 

In-House Work 

Fiscal Year 1990 

(Dollars in Millions) 

$634.6/ Procured Printing 

$13.7 / Regional Printing __ _ 

$154.8/ Plant Printing*-----' 

*Excludes Materials and Other Operations 

PruNriNG FOR THE GoVERNMENT 

ulfillling the printing needs of all branches of the Government has been GPO's 

miss;ion since 1861. At that time, Government printing was dominated by 

Corugressional printing. Today, the vast majority of the work performed by 

GPO's Production, Printing Procurement, Customer Service, and Quality Control and Technical Departments is on behalf of approximately 130 Federal 

agencies in the Executive and Judicial Branches. In 1990, this work represented 89 percent of GPO's total billings. By contrast, printing for the Legislative Branch, including printing for GPO's Superintendent of Documents, 

represented ll percent of GPO's total billings. 

Only a printing facility of enormous size could handle the total amount of 

printing processed annually by GPO. Instead, GPO contracts out most of the 

Government's printing to commercial firms, retaining for in-plant production 

only certain work that cannot be procured from the private sector on a timely, 

cost-effective basis. In 1990, 24 percent of all GPO printing and binding revenue was generated by Government printing produced in-plant. By comparison, 

76 percent was generated by work performed by private sector printers. 

PRINTIN.G FOR CONGRE-."8 

The history of public printing in America is in large measure a history of the 

printing requirements of Congress. In 1860, during debates preceding the 

establishment of GPO, Representative John Gurley of Ohio observed that 

Congressional printing "is necessarily interwoven with the law-making power of 

each house . It is not only a leading but an essential element of national legislation." In 1990, GPO continued to perform its role as a "leading element of the 

law-making power" by employing both traditional craftsmanship and modern 

printing technology in meeting Congress' printing needs. 

Congressional printing is performed at GPO's Central Office plant, located 

four blocks north of the U.S. Capitol in Washington, DC. The plant employs 

approximately 1,800 production personnel on three shifts, with about 1,000 

employees serving on the night shifts, and is the largest industrial employer in 

the District of Columbia . Excluding Materials and Other Operations, the Central Office plant produced work valued at $154.8 million in 1990. 

Along with all other Legislative Branch work (including billings for work 

produced for the Superintendent of Documents), Congressional printing comprised approximately 38 percent of total Central Office plant billings in 1990. 

Procured Printing vs. 

In-House Work 

Fiscal Year 1989 

(Dollars in Millions) 

$726.4/ Procurcd Printing _ _ 

$148.6/ Plant Printing* ____ "-

7 
8 

Billings tor the Federal Register and U.S. passports and postal cards, which are 

also printed at the Central Office plant, comprised another 16 percent of total 

plant billings. The remaining 46 percent of Central Office plant billings was tor 

other Executive Branch work, primarily books, pamphlets, and forms, and sales 

of blank paper to Federal agencies. 

Congressional Record 

GPO's flagship Congressional publication is the Congressional Record, which 

contains the daily proceedings of the Senate and House ofRepresentatives, and 

is printed overnight at the Central Office plant. Approximately 20,400 copies are 

printed each day, of which 14,100 are charged to GPO's annual Congressional 

WA5H.INGTOH, PIJDAY. fDitUAIY U, 1!191 

~ongrrssional 1Rrcord 

PIOCUOING$ AMI) DUATU Of THI /02" CON(;IU$_ UUT SU$10"1' 

==-
The size of an average 

Congressional Record is 

approximately 220 

pages) and contains 

about the same amount 

of type as four to six 

typical metropolitan 

daily newspapers. 

Printing and Binding Appropriation for distribution to reCipients 

designated by section 906 ofTitle 44. Approximately 6,300 of these copies are 

distributed for Congressional use while the other 7,800 copies are distributed 

without charge to correspondents, former Members of Congress, Federal agencies, Federal judges, state governors, recipients designated by Members of 

Congress, and other recipients designated by law. The remaining 6,300 copies 

are requisitioned by Federal agencies and by the Superintendent of Documents 

for the Sales of Publications and Depository Library Programs. 

Mter the close of each session of Congress, the daily proceedings are consoli dated, indexed, and printed as the permanent, or bound, edition of the Congressional Record. Of the 500 bound sets usually printed, 140 sets are for Congressional use, while 135 sets are distributed to Federal agencies and other 

recipients designated by law. The remaining 225 bound sets are requisitioned by 

Federal agencies and by the Superintendent of Documents for the Sales of 

Publications and Depository Library Programs. Along with printed sets of the 

bound Congressional Record, additional sets are produced in microfiche and 

CD-ROM formats for distribution through the Sales of Publications, Depository Library, and International Exchange Programs. 

The size of an average Congressional Record is approximately 220 pages, 

and contains about the same amount of type as four to six typical metropolitan 

daily newspapers. In practice, however, actual size varies significantly from day 

to day, depending on the amount of business Congress transacts. In 1990, 

GPO printed nearly 37 ,l 00 original pages of the daily Congressional Record in 

170 separate issues. The largest Congressional Record printed totaled 632 pages, 

and during the year one other Congressional Record exceeded 500 pages, six 

exceeded 400 pages, and 18 exceeded 300 pages. 

During 1990, significant progress was made on eliminating the backlog in 

the production of the printed version of the bound Congressional Record. The 

bound Record, excluding the bound Record Index, was made current through 

calendar year 1989. A total of 47 volumes comprising approximately 1,400 

pages per volume were completed for calendar years 1987, 1988, and 1989. 

In 1990,34,195 pages ofthe daily Record were indexed. Due to the rush 

of Congressional business that prolonged the second session of the 101st 

Congress, however, an additional 4,000 pages will be indexed to close out the 

session. The 1985 Record Index, consisting of 3,893 pages, was prepared, 

reviewed, and released for publication. Work continued on the 1986 Record 

Index and initial preparation began on the 1983 and 1987 Record Indexes, all 

planned for release in 1991 . 

Bills, Resolutions, and Amendments 

GPO prints Congressional bills, resolutions, and amendments in all forms as 

they are introduced, referred, reported, and finally passed. In 1990, GPO 

printed 109,000 original pages of bills, resolutions, and amendments. Total 

billings for this work were $10.4 million. 

Hearings 

GPO prints hearings conducted before Congressional committees. In 1990, GPO 

printed 404,800 original pages of hearings. Total billings were $12.3 million. 

9 
10 

Business and Committee Calendars 

This production category covers the printing of House and Senate business and 

committee calendars which list action on pending and completed legislation . In 

1990, GPO printed 24,500 original pages of business and committee calendars. 

Total billings were $1.6 million. 

Committee Reports 

GPO prints reports of Congressional committees, including conference reports. 

In 1990, GPO printed 24,700 original pages of committee reports. Total 

billings were $2.4 million. 

Committee Prints 

These include publications printed for the internal use of committees. In 1990, 

GPO printed 25,600 original pages of committee prints. Total billings were 

$1.1 million. 

Documents 

These include all classes of Senate and House documents ordered printed by 

Congress which carry a Congressional number, such as annual reports, engineers' reports, special reports made by Federal agencies in response to 
Congressional resolutions, and supplemental and deficiency estimates of appropriations. In 1990, GPO printed 18,600 original pages of documents. Total 

billings were $1.1 million. 

Miscellaneous Publications 

These include the Congressional Directory, which is printed every two years; the 

Senate and House Journals; memorial addresses of Members; nominations; the 

United States Code, which is printed every six years, and annual supplements; 

serial sets of Congressional publications; and publications that do not carry a 

document or report number, such as laws and treaties. In 1990, GPO printed 

18,700 original pages of these publications. Total billings were $1.6 million. 

Miscellaneous Printing and Binding 

This production category covers letterheads, envelopes, blank paper, wall calendars, miscellaneous services, blank forms, and binding for the Senate and 

House. In 1990, GPO produced 156.8 million units of this work, generating 

total billings of $11.7 million. 

Document Envelopes and Document Franks 

GPO provides document envelopes to Senators and Representatives for the 

mailing of speeches and documents. Document franks are printed individually 

ll 
An important 

achievement in 1990 

was the production and 

distribution of the 1985 

bound edition of the 

Congressional Record 

in CD-ROMformat. 

l2 

or in sheets with perforations and are furnished to Members of Congress for the 

mailing of documents. In 1990, GPO provided 31.6 million envelopes and 2.1 

million franks, generating total billings of $1.0 million. 

Details to Congress 

GPO details experts in the printing crafts to Congressional committees and 

offices to assist in the preparation of Congressional printing needs. In 1990, 

approximately 86 GPO personnel were detailed to 60 Congressional sites, generating total billings of $3. 1 million. 

Equipment Modernization 

During 1990, GPO continued to modernize its Congressional printing operations to keep in step with the latest developments in printing and information 

dissemination technology. 

Congressional utilization of GPO's on-line, or "dial-up," composition 

service, which permits Capitol Hill offices to capture keystrokes on a microcomputer and transmit them to the Central Office plant over ordinary telephone lines, increased in 1990. Overall, the number of Congressional offices 

using dial-up composition rose from 36 to 44 during the year, primarily due to 

the addition of Senate clients. 

Communications with Capitol Hill were enhanced by the installation of a 

second laser printer in the House Office of Legislative Counsel and a sixth laser 

printer in the Senate Office of Legislative Counsel. House At ex systems 1 and 

2 were upgraded from Pertec tape drives to Kennedy tape drives for House 

Information Systems. Two VAX Cluster systems for testing and development 

work replaced two House Atex systems. 

A major step in upgrading the way the Cenu·al Office plant inputs data 

from manuscript was taken in 1990. The installation of27 personal computers 

(PC's) in the main Keyboard Room and 15 PC's in the Bill End Unit was completed, and PC training for virtually all GPO journeymen and apprentices was 

completed in these areas. A PC/VAX Client-Server System is now utilized for 

all legislative bills and conference reports, as well as assisting with the keyboard 

input for the daily and bound editions of the Congressional R ecord and hearings. 

The Central Office plant's Text Processing Computer Section completed 

a review of the database structure for the Morning Business of the Senate, 

which is included in the Congressional Record. Current plans call for the Senate 

to begin transmitting this data via fiber optic link starting with the 102d 

Congress. This procedure will eliminate duplicate keyboarding. 

Product Improvements 

An important achievement in 1990 was the production and distribution of the 

1985 bound edition of the Congressional Record in CD-ROM format. After 

conversion of the bound Record database to Standard Generalized Markup 

Language (SGML), the database was premastered for CD-ROM, requiring 

two disks. Contained on these disks are the 29 volumes of the 1985 Congressional Record for the first session of the 99th Congress, as well as a complete 

Index, History of Bills, Daily Digest, and Lobby List. Retrieval software, which 

is included on the disks, was modified to allow users to search the Record Index 

and move to the relevant section with a single keystroke . This software also provides full browsing, downloading, and printing capabilities for all textual items. 
Purchased Printing Revenue 

(In Millions of Dollars) 

726 

648 634.6 

592 

563 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 

The complete 1985 bound Record package, including the two CD-ROM disks, 

a binder with full documentation and a user reference card, was procured and 

collated for distribution to depository libraries, the Joint Committee on Printing, and the Sales of Publication Program in 1991. 

GPO's expertise in typography and design contributed in 1990 to several 

Congressional products, most notably The United States Capitol: A Brief Architectural History, which was published to commemorate the bicentennial of the 

Congress, and Our Flag, for which the Joint Committee on Printing received 

a design award from the National Association of Government Communicators. 

PRINTING FOR FEDERAL AGENCIES 

Throughout the first 80 years of its operations, GPO fulfilled the printing 

needs of Federal agencies almost exclusively through in-plant printing. 

Although some printing for Federal agencies is still performed in-house by 

GPO's Central Office plant and regional printing plants, printing for Federal 

agencies today is provided predominately through procurement from private 

sector printers. 

GPO's Printing Procurement Program 

The authority to purchase printing from commercial contractors was granted by 

an Act of Congress on February 28, 1929, but the history of GPO's partnership 

with the private sector began in 1941 with America's involvement in World War 

II. The subsequent expansion of the Government's printing needs led to greater 

reliance by GPO on private sector printers. Thereafter, GPO's regional and 

satellite printing procurement offices were established to bring GPO's services 

closer to Federal agencies in the field and make greater use of regional commercial printing capabilities. 

As the procurement of printing grew, GPO's Printing Procurement Program evolved from an emergency measure into a specialized system that utilizes 

the competition of the marketplace, concentrated expertise, and economies of 

scale to meet Federal agency printing needs in a timely, economical manner. The 

Program allows the Government to take advantage of the latest in printing technologies without costly capital investment. In 1990, Congress recognized and 

affirmed the economies of GPO's centralized Printing Procurement Program by 

enacting a permanent prohibition against individual agencies contracting for 

their own printing in the Legislative Branch Appropriations Act of 1991. Today, 

GPO's objective is to utilize private sector contractors to the maximum extent 

possible to fulfill the Government's printing and binding needs. 

Highlights of Operations for Federal Agencies 

During 1990, 76 percent of GPO's total printing and binding revenue came 

from procured printing for Federal agencies, representing a dollar value of 

$634.6 million, a decline of 12.6 percent from 1989. The decrease was due 

largely to the concentration of several major procurements in 1989, including 

$65 million worth of procured printing for the Commerce Department in 

support of the 1990 Decennial Census. 

Overall, GPO's 685 Central and Regional Printing Procurement personnel processed 275,500 printing orders in 1990, utilizing a Master Bid List containing information on production capabilities and other data for approximately 

13 
0 GPO Regional Printing 

and Procurement Offices 

* Regional Procurement 

Offices 

14 

i::f Satellite Procurement 

Offices 

9,800 private sector printers. Total regional procurement office orders increased 

by approximately 14 percent. Increased order activity was experienced in every 

regional office except Philadelphia, which experienced a 15 percent decline. 

Approximately $168.7 million worth of Federal agency work was produced 

in-house by GPO's Central Office plant and regional printing plants, including 

3.9 million U.S. passports and 378 million postal cards. In addition, 49,600 original pages of the Federal Register, averaging 196 pages and 32,300 copies per edition, were printed by GPO in-house, generating billings of $22.7 million. 

The regional printing office workload decreased from 1.01 billion equivalent units to 886 million in 1990. Approximately 78 percent of the decrease 

was attributable to workload reductions at GPO's Rapid Response Center, 

located at the Washington, DC, Navy Yard, and to continued reductions in the 

number of subscriptions for the Commerce Business Daily, which is printed at 

the Chicago Regional Printing Office. 

Procurement Program Highlights 

The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) term contract for tax packages entered its 

third and final year with the placement of orders totaling approximately 30 million copies valued at $5 million. Another IRS program was established to 

obtain an anticipated 6 million Federal Tax Deposit coupon books per year. The 

contract, covering a 3-year term, was awarded at an estimated value of$1.4 million per year. A new contract for the Department of Agriculture to procure from 

500,000 to 1.5 million Food Redemption Certificate books per year was 

awarded for a 3-year term at an estimated annual value of $542,000. In 

addition, the Army Technical Manual program accounted for approximately 

$3.4 million in orders. 
Since the start of the 

Persian Gulf crisis last 

summer, GPO)s 

Central and Regional 

Printing Procurement 

offices around the 

Nation handled the 

processing of thousands 

of print orders in 

support of our 

Armed Forces. 

Since the start of the Persian Gulf crisis last summer, GPO's Central and 

Regional Printing Procurement offices around the Nation handled the processing of thousands of print orders in support of our Armed Forces. Orders for 

Defense agencies, labeled Desert Shield or Red Ball, covered such items as a 

guide for analyzing desert landforms, information on camouflage systems, heat 

injury prevention and desert survival pamphlets, numerous pilot aids, technical 

manuals, and tleld directives. 

Small Disadvantaged Business Program Continued 

In 1989, GPO established a 2-year test program to assist Small Disadvantaged 

Businesses (SDB's) in winning printing and binding contracts for the Department of Defense, in compliance with the 1989 National Defense Authorization 

Act. Since then, GPO has worked with the Small Business Administration and 

several State minority development agencies to publicize this program. 

In 1990, GPO extended this program to its regional procurement offices. 

The position of SDB Program Specialist was also established to provide technical assistance to SDB's doing business with any of GPO's oftices. During the 

year, approximately 650 SDB's were identified on GPO's Automated Bid List, 

206 of which were awarded contracts under this program. Overall, SDB's 

received $9.6 million worth of contracts, representing 82 percent of the $11.69 

million goal established for fiscal year 1990. 

15 
16 

GPO accelerated 

efforts to reproduce 

and disseminate 

information in 

electronic formats for 

Federal agencies 

during 1990. 

Procurement Systems Automation 

GPO continued to automate its procurement information systems in 1990 to 

reduce program costs and improve access by client agencies to job status information. By year-end, a total of 180 client agencies had the capability and 

training to access GPO's Procurement Information Control System (PICS), a 

SO percent increase from 1989. 

Cost-Savings Achieved for Agencies 

GPO achieved significant savings during 1990 while improving the utilization 

of Central Office plant resources. Under GPO's commercial binding conu·act, 

which allows fuller utilization of GPO's press capacity, 154 jobs were printed inplant and then bound commercially. GPO's negotiated price policy for printing 

agency jobs also continued during 1990, achieving a savings of approximately 

$1.6 million for Federal agencies. Under GPO's negotiated price policy for negatives, which allows GPO to produce negatives at a discounted rate for commercially-procured printing, approximately 84,900 negatives were produced inplant at a savings to client agencies. 

In addition to these savings, recommendations by GPO's printing specialists resulted in significant cost reductions for client agencies. For example, the 

implementation of a suggested design change resulted in a $240,000 savings on 

one agency job. On another job, a suggestion to paste-on-press instead of saddle-stitching a 12-page product resulted in a savings of approximately $60,000. 

Support for Electronic Formats 

GPO accelerated efforts to reproduce and disseminate information in electronic formats for Federal agencies during 1990. A Specialized Acquisition 

Office was established within the Printing Procurement Department to oversee 

the acquisition of integrated computerized printing and publishing systems, 

automated data base composition systems, data dissemination systems, and 

other electronic applications. 

GPO continued to support desktop publishing initiatives in Federal agencies through its "dial-up" composition system and continued development of 

the MICROCOMP software package. Each of these systems enables GPO's 

clients to generate on-site page or galley proofs of data bases through the use 

of microcomputers and associated printers, either transmitting through GPO's 

in-house typesetting program or using personal computer-based software compatible with GPO's composition system. 

As client interest in CD-ROM increased in 1990, so did GPO's services 

and expertise in the areas of in-house data preparation and premastering and 

commercial procurement of mastering, replication, and distribution of 

CD-ROM products. Among the publications that were successfully converted 

to the CD-ROM format in this manner were the Defense Logistics Agency's 

quarterly Hazardous Materials Information System and the EPA's Toxic Release 

Inventory. In addition, GPO is producing a prototype CD-ROM comprising 

over 20 air traffic control-related data bases for the National Oceanic and 

Atmospheric Administration. 

GPO's commitment to providing CD-ROM technology to Federal agencies resulted in the awarding of four contracts for CD-ROM indexing and 

retrieval software during 1990. These innovative contracts will allow GPO to 
In its first full year 

of operation) GPO)s 

Institute for Federal 

Printing and 

Publishing (IFPP) 

offered 15 seminars 

attended by 

654 individuals 

representing 53 

Federal departments 

and agencies. 

meet most of its client agencies' CD-ROM requirements without having to 

acquire expensive custom software. 

Increased Cooperation with Federal Agencies 

During 1990, several working groups were established comprising representatives of GPO and member agencies of the Interagency Council on Printing and 

Publishing Services (ICPPS). The objective of these groups was to develop recommendations to address 22 separate issues associated with GPO's printing and 

binding services, responsiveness to the needs of client agencies, and GPO's Sales 

of Publications Program. In July and September, these groups reported a variety of cooperative measures to resolve the issues raised by the ICPPS, and since 

then most of the measures have been implemented. 

GPO management also began a series of agency visits in 1990 with ranking 

printing and publishing officials to discuss and resolve issues of importance to 

them. Since then, several agencies have been visited, including the Departments 

of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Transportation, Justice, Interior, Health and 

Human Services, Commerce, Agriculture, and Labor; the General Services 

Administration (GSA); the Internal Revenue Service; and the U.S. Postal Service. Additional visits, including follow-up visits, are being plarmed and continued. 

As part of the agency visitation effort, discussions were held with the GSA 

to work out arrangements for continued GPO / GSA cooperation in the implementation of Brooks Act requirements for the procurement of"mixed resource" 

electronic printing and publishing systems. Discussions were also initiated to 

determine and establish parameters for the conduct of duplicating services by 

GSA's agency printing plants within the guidelines of Title 44 and the Joint 

Committee on Printing's Government Printing and Binding Regulations. 

Institute for Federal Printing and Publishing 

In its first full year of operation, GPO's Institute for Federal Printing and Publishing (IFPP) offered 15 seminars attended by 654 individuals representing 53 

Federal departments and agencies. 

Seminars previously developed by GPO, conducted under the IFPP 

umbrella, included Printing Assistant Orientation and Editorial Planning for 

Printing Production. Introduction to Regional Printing, recast and expanded, was 

offered in Denver and Atlanta, ar1d at Wright Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. 

New courses developed by GPO and JCP experts, with occasional input 

from other resources, included Paper Knowledge, in which the need for permanent paper and the need to use recycled paper were addressed; Cost Estimating, which included an on-line demonstration of the Printing Cost Calculating System (PCCS) available to client agencies from GPO; and Quality 

Assurance Through Attributes Program, in which quality levels appropriate for 

given jobs were discussed along with acceptance sampling of the completed 

shipment. To defray part of the cost of course development and delivery, the 

IFPP began charging for attendance in January 1990. By the end of the fiscal 

year, total revenue from IFPP seminars was $66,800. 

17 
Virtually all 

Congressional and 

agency printing 

performed in-plant by 

GPO in 1990) except for 

the Congressional 

Record and the Federal 

Registery was produced 

on recycled paper. 

18 

GoVERNMENT PRINTING PAPERS 

he Federal Government consumes approximately 2.2 percent of the total tonnage of printing and writing papers produced domestically in the United States 

each year-currently over 20 million tons. GPO is by far the largest single 

Government consumer of these papers, purchasing or contracting tor the purchase of approximately 55,400 tons of paper for in-plant production and sales 

to Federal agencies in 1990. It is estimated that private sector printers used over 

300,000 tons of paper in work procured by GPO in 1990. 

Recycled and Alkaline Paper 

During 1990, there was increased interest in the Government's use of recycled 

paper to reduce the amount of solid waste placed in landfills, and to permit 

greater conservation of national forest resources. There also was increased interest in the use of alkaline, or acid-free, paper in Government printing to ensure 

the longevity of Government publications with enduring research and educational value. GPO responded to the growing demand for recycled and alkaline 

papers in 1990 with a number of signitlcant actions. 

GPO Purchases of Recycled Paper 

Fiscal year 1990 was GPO's tl.rst full year of operation under the recycled paper 

guidelines issued by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), pursuant to 

the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. The guidelines establish minimum recycled content standards for most grades of paper used by the Government. 

In August 1989, under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing 

(JCP), GPO implemented the guidelines for the various categories of paper purchased for in-plant printing and sales to Federal agencies except newsprint (see 

Recycled NeJVsprint Tested, p.19). During 1990, GPO's quarterly paper contracts, excluding copier paper and other papers not covered by the EPA guidelines, achieved 97 percent coverage of paper with recycled content. In addition, 

84 percent of all envelopes purchased and 79 percent of all shipping cartons 

purchased had recycled content. 

As a result, virtually all Congressional and agency printing performed inplant by GPO in 1990, except for the Congressional Record and the Federal 

Register which arc printed on newsprint, was produced on recycled paper. 

Recycled paper also represented the majority of the paper sold to Federal agencies by GPO in 1990. 

Recycled Paper in Printing Procurement 

Fiscal year 1990 was also the tl.rst full year of operation for GPO's Printing 

Procurement Program under the EPA recycled paper guidelines. 

All term contracts are now solicited and bids are evaluated on the basis 

that offset, writing, or newsprint paper to be supplied in contract performance 

will contain recycled content. When bids are determined not to be reasonable 

as to price or when no bids are received, the order is resolicited without a recycled paper requirement. To date, however, less than 1 percent of term contracts 

have had to be resolicited. During 1990, approximately 1 ,300, or 50 percent, 

of all term contracts residing in the Central and Regional Procurement Offices 

included recycled paper. These contracts generated nearly 139,900 print orders, 

valued at $169.7 million . Of that amount, approximately $84 million was for 

paper containing recycled content. 
GPO now operates the 

most comprehensive 

Government program 

for the procurement 

of recycled papers. 

In addition, one-time sealed bid contracts awarded with recycled content 

totaled $3.9 million. While procurements made under small purchase procedures are administratively exempted by GPO from recycled paper requirements, 

further increases in the supply of recycled paper will allow GPO to phase in recycled requirements in small purchases. 

Recycled Requirements Were Expanded 

When GPO's recycled paper program began late in 1989, certain categories of 

paper were excluded from recycled requirements because the EPA had determined that there was not enough industry capacity to ensure their availability. 

In June 1990, however, the JCP instituted major changes to GPO's recycled 

paper program as the result of GPO's proven success in finding adequate quantities of recycled papers and the increased presence of recycled paper on the 

paper market. These changes made recycled paper available in categories of 

paper that were excluded from the EPA's guidelines, most notably copier paper 

and forms bond. The changes also included new paper specifications permitting 

the use of groundwood fibers obtained directly from the post-consumer waste 

stream. As a result, GPO now operates the most comprehensive Government 

program for the procurement of recycled papers. 

Recycled Newsprint Tested 

GPO uses a significant amount of newsprint each year, primarily for the Congressional Recm'd and the Federal R egister. In 1990, approximately 6,800 tons 

19 
In 1990 

GPO developed a 

comprehensive plan for 

the increased utilization 

of alkaline paper in 

printing Government 

publications with 

enduring research and 

educational value. 

20 

of newsprint were purchased for in-plant production use. Although the EPA 

guidelines cover newsprint, the guidelines were not applied to GPO's newsprint 

purchases when GPO's recycled paper program was implemented in August 

1989 because newsprint purchases were already covered by an annual contract 

in effect at that time. 

In 1990, however, the JCP directed GPO to aggressively pursue the possibility of obtaining newsprint that is consistent with the recycled content standards established by the EPA guidelines, for use in the production of the Congressional Record and the Federal Register beginning in 1991. Accordingly, 

GPO conducted a series of tests to assess the availability, technical performance, 

level of competition, and the cost of newsprint containing post-consumer waste. 

The production tests included 25-lb. recycled newsprint as well as 28-lb. 

recycled newsprint (25-lb. virgin newsprint is currently used to produce the 

Record and the Register). It was determined that recycled newsprint would be 

an acceptable product and a solicitation was issued. After analysis of the bids, 

however, it was apparent that the least expensive option was to continue using 

25-lb. virgin newsprint rather than the 28-lb. recycled newsprint. The 28-lb. 

basis weight paper required additional tonnage to obtain the same printing 

capacity versus the 25-lb. weight. The higher basis weight would also have 

required increased costs for shipping, storage, and mailing. Consequently, the 

decision was made to postpone the implementation of recycled newsprint for inplant use until such time as a price comparison is more favorable. 

Alkaline Paper Use Increased 

In response to the mounting costs of paper preservation efforts, as well as the 

increased availability of alkaline paper at competitive prices, in 1990 GPO 

developed a comprehensive plan for the increased utilization of alkaline paper 

in printing Government publications with enduring research and educational 

value. Alkaline paper has a much longer life than acid paper (typically up to 200 

years, compared to the 50-year average life of acid paper), because the chemicals that tend to cause degradation at acid pH values have either been significantly reduced or totally removed from the paper production process. GPO's 

plan, prepared in April 1990 in consultation with the JCP and entitled Use of 

Alkaline Paper in Government Printing, details actions for identifYing those 

Government publications of enduring value that should be printed on alkaline 

paper, and for matching available alkaline stocks with the production of such 

publications. The plan will be fully implemented in 1991. 

During the year, a user survey of depository libraries was conducted, pursuant to GPO's alkaline paper plan, to determine the categories of Government 

publications deemed to have enduring research and educational value. Over 400 

libraries responded to this survey. Their responses indicated that legal materials, 

monographs, statistics, journals and periodicals, catalogs and bibliographies, 

maps and atlases, proceedings, and reports are the most likely candidates for 

printing on alkaline paper. 

In 1990, approximately 64 percent of the paper purchased by the pound 

for in-plant production and sales to Federal agencies was alkaline, compared to 

57 percent in 1989. For paper purchased by the sheet, approximately 57 percent was alkaline, compared to just 3 percent in 1989, due to the increased presence of alkaline copier paper on the market today. 
In 1990) GPO)s sales 

inventory comprised 

approximately 16) 000 

titles) including 

single-copy publications 

and subscriptions. 

DISfRIBUflNG GoVERNMENT INFORMATION 

he principle of public access to Government information is as old as the Nation 

itself, and a policy for disseminating this information soon emerged as a rutural corollary to public printing policy. 

Providing public access to Government information began with distribution to depository libraries. In 1813, Congress authorized the distribution of 

Congressional documents to the libraries of colleges and universities, and to the 

incorporated historical societies of each State, which served as Federal depositories for the use of the public. Other distribution mechanisms developed in the 

ensumg years. 

A wholesale reform of the Government's information distribution functions was made in the Printing Act of 1895 . Significantly, the Act placed the 

Government's distribution functions at GPO. By relocating the Superintendent 

of Documents, Congress created a system that facilitated the eHicient selection 

of publications for public distribution fi·om the comprehensive body of documents printed by GPO. 

Today, GPO's Superintendent of Documents operation continues to serve 

as the Government's largest single information distribution operation. Comprising the Documents Sales Service and the Library Programs Service, this 

operation is responsible for the sale of publications, the compilation of catalogs 

and indexes, the distribution of publications to depository and international 

exchange libraries, distribution required by law, and distribution performed 

for and reimbursed by other Federal agencies. 

Funding for Superintendent of Documents programs in 1990 included 

$83.2 million in revenue fi·om sales of publications, $24.2 million made available 

by the Superintendent of Documents' annual Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, and $4.9 million in reimbursements from other Federal agencies tor distribution services. Employing approximatdy 975 personnel by year-end, Superintendent of Documents operations distributed a total of 102.4 million copies 

of Government publications in 1990, compared to 112 .2 million in 1989. 

SALES OF PUBLICATIONS PROGRAM 

As the largest of the Superintendent of Documents programs, the Sales of Publications Program operates primarily by mail and telephone order, but publications are also sold by the Laurel, MD, distribution outlet and the Congressional 

Sales Office in Washington, DC, through a net\vork of 23 GPO bookstores 

nationwide, and by 59 consigned agents in other Federal agencies. 

Best-Selling Publications 

In 1990, GPO's sales inventory comprised approximately 16,000 titles, including single-copy publications and subscriptions. In terms of revenue, the bestselling titles for the year included the Dictionary of Occupational Titles, the 

1989/90 U.S. Government Manual, the 1990 Statistical Abstract, and the 1990 

U.S. Industrial Outlook. Popular titles included Government Auditing Standards> the Nautical Almanac 1990, the Standard Industrial Classification 

Manual> and the 1990-1991 Occupational Outlook Handbook. The prices at 

which publications are sold are established by law, at cost as determined by the 

Public Printer plus 50 percent. 

21 
22 

Financial Performance 

In 1990, the Sales of Publications Program produced revenues of $83.2 million 

at a cost of $76.8 million, resulting in net income of $6.4 million, a 23.6 percent increase over 1989. This was the first year that all revenues and costs for 

sales of the Federal Register and associated products were reported within the 

Sales of Publications Program. Previously, they were reported within the results 

of plant production operations. Fiscal year 1990 was also the ninth consecutive 

year that the Program generated net income. 

Order Activity 

During 1990, approximately 62 percent of Sales of Publications Program customers were businesses. The remainder were private individuals (28 percent) 

and various government and academic customers (10 percent). Single-copy 

publications comprised 53 percent of total Sales Program orders, while subscriptions made up the remaining 47 percent. About 81 percent of all orders 

came in by either telephone or mail. The remaining 19 percent were walk-ins at 

GPO's bookstores and the Retail Sales and Congressional Sales outlets. 

Total order activity for the Sales Program was relatively stable in 1990. 

Order activity was particularly strong in the subscription and Low-Priced Publications areas. GPO's Low-Priced Publications Program, which provides small, 

consumer-oriented publications to the public at a price of 50 cents each, 

increased orders from 288,000 in 1989 to 354,000 in 1990. The total number 

of copies sold by the Sales Program continued to decrease, however, falling 

from 31 million in 1989 to 28.5 million in 1990. 

New Approaches for the Commerce Business Daily 

For the third consecutive year, subscriptions to the Commerce Business Daily 

declined, falling from 39,000 in 1989 to 33,000 in 1990, the result of increased 
Sales of Government 

publications in 

magnetic tape and 

diskette formats rose to 

over $1 million in 

1990) the result of . . 

zncreastng consumer 

interest in electronic 

information products. 

GPO Bookstores 

competition from tailored, commercially-printed products and commercial online database services, and reduced Government contracting due to declines in 

defense outlays. In response, a GPO task force was formed to identifY opportunities for addressing this trend. Late in the year, the task force's tl.nal report 

recommended the development of options to improve the nature and scope of 

marketing for the Commerce Business Daily, the subscription renewal process, 

telephone-order procedures, delivery mechanisms, and the potential for spin-off 

products. Substantive recommendations for addressing these issues will be completed in 1991. 

Sales of Electronic Formats Increased 

Sales of Government publications in magnetic tape and diskette formats rose to 

over $1 million in 1990, the result of increasing consumer interest in electronic 

Government information products. In 1990, 7 subscription products and 21 

monographs were offered in these formats, including the Congressional Record, 

the Federal Register, the Budget of the United States Government, and the 

Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications. The Sales Program offered its 

first publication in CD-ROM format during the year, the EPA's Toxic Release 

Inventory. This publication is being sold for $23, a low price by both Government and commercial standards. Several new CD-ROM titles are expected to 

be added to the Sales Program in 1991, including the 1985 edition of the 

bound Congressional Record. 

Bookstore Revenues Increased 

Total sales revenue for all GPO bookstores increased in 1990, to $13.1 million, 

compared to $12.8 million in 1989. Fourteen of the 23 stores reported 

increased sales, with the Birmingham, AL, store achieving break-even status for 

the first time since it was relocated. The number of customers served by the 

bookstores declined by 7 percent, however, to approximately 327,000. 

23 
Net Income from Sales 

of Publications 

(In Millions of Dollars)* 

11.4 

5.5 

6.4 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 

*Excludes Agency Distribution Services 

24 

Sales Pricing Panel Recommendations 

During the year, GPO's Panel on the Pricing of Sales Publications was reconfigured and charged with devising alternative pricing and distribution methods 

to increase the distribution of publications through the Sales Program. Following a five -month study, the Panel validated the application of GPO's current 

publications pricing formula and found that there is a high rate of satisfaction 

among publishing agencies with GPO's Sales Program. The Panel 

nevertheless recommended that the Sales Program: 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

Modify the current pricing formula to reduce the distribution costs 

for publications sold on a wholesale basis to commercial bookdealers 

and other quantity purchasers; 

Seek Congressional approval for increasing the statutory discount 

rate of 25 percent to quantity purchasers to a level consistent with 

industry practice; 

Increase the use of multi-year subscriptions to stabilize subscription 

prices over longer periods; 

Expand the use of "consolidated shipments" directly from the printer 

to the consumer to reduce GPO's handling charge; 

Amend GPO's long-standing policy to dispose of excess but otherwise usable publications by offering overstocks to bookdealers and 

other quantity purchasers as surplus Government property, allowing 

them to be priced below the current statutory pricing formula; 

• Accelerate the process for converting GPO sales titles to International 

Standard Book Number (ISBN) and International Standard Serial 

Number (ISSN) systems to conform to industry practice; 

• Formalize an existing panel of Federal publishing agencies to provide 

advice for the Sales of Publications Program; 

• Establish a specific task force to examine pricing issues related to 

publications in electronic formats; and 

• Establish a council of Federal publishing agencies to address the 

issue of "dual distribution," whereby the same Government documents sold by GPO are simultaneously distributed free of charge by 

the publishing agency. 

These recommendations were transmitted to the Superintendent of Documents for review and development of implementation plans. 

Experimental Pricing Methodology Developed 

At the urging of the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS), a test of the price elasticity of the Occupational Outlook Handbook was initiated in 1990. When the 

new 1990/91 Handbook was released, the prices of the hardcover and paperback versions were lowered to $22 and $17, respectively, from the formuladerived prices of$30 and $24. The price reductions were achieved through arecalculation of handling costs. In addition, the sales inventory of the Handbook 

was increased in anticipation of increased sales. Aggressive marketing promotions were undertaken for the new edition, and an extra direct mail promotion 
GPO and NTIS agreed 

to establish a working 

group to examine a 

broad range of 

cooperative efforts that 

could result in the 

improved delivery 

of Government 

information products 

and services 

to consumers. 

was performed. The full test spans the two-year life cycle of the Handbook edition, ending in March/ April 1992, but reliable results should be predictable by 

the fourth quarter of fiscal year 1991. 

Congressional Hearing on Sales Program Conducted 

For the first time in recent memory, legislative oversight hearings on the Sales 

Program were conducted by Congress in 1990, focusing on pricing issues and 

the disposal of overstocked Government publications. Appearing before the 

Subcommittee on Procurement and Printing of the House Administration 

Committee in July, the Public Printer discussed the Sales Program in depth, providing data comparing the relatively low average prices of Government publications sold by GPO with the prices of books and publications sold commercially, 

and discussing the work of the Sales Pricing Panel which was pending at that 

time. No further Congressional action was taken subsequent to the hearing. 

Sales Program Improvements 

An automated inventory control system was installed in the Congressional Sales 

Office in 1990. This bar-code-based system tracks a publication throughout its 

life cycle and generates reports indicating whether its inventory should be 

increased or reduced. 

In addition, the Sales Program initiated an ambitious program to improve 

its service to major institutional customers in 1990, when the STAR* Account 

Section was formed . The product of a long development effort, the STAR* 

Account concept consists of providing regular, high-volume customers with a 

single account representative who provides all necessary services to a short list 

of customers. The advantages of the STAR* Account system to the customer 

are one-name, one-phone number service for all sales matters and personal 

monitoring of order fulfillment. The advantages to the Sales Program are centralization of records for each STAR* account, greatly reducing research times 

and virtually eliminating complaints from these accounts. 

New Cooperation with NTIS 

During the year, GPO and the National Technical Information Service (NTIS) 

agreed to establish a working group to examine a broad range of cooperative 

efforts that could result in the improved delivery of Government information 

products and services to consumers. By year-end, progress was made toward 

making arrangements for GPO to procure microfiche duplication services from 

NTIS for GPO's International Exchange Program. In addition, the working 

group began examining the feasibility of operating a joint GPO/ NTIS bookstore, and the possibility of transferring surplus GPO sales stocks to NTIS. 

Other issues will be explored in 1991. 

Marketing Activities Continued 

GPO's Marketing specialists continued to increase public awareness of Government information available through the Sales Program in 1990. A total of 

495,000 copies of the U.S. Government Books catalog of new and popular sales 

publications were produced during the year. 

To direct attention to new publications, the bimonthly New Books list 

continued to inform both librarians and Government information consumers 

25 
GPO)s Depository 

Library Program 

received major 

attention in 1990) the 

result of efforts to 

re-invest this oldest 

of Government 

information 

dissemination programs 

with the capability to 

perform its mission 

effectively today. 

26 

about all new sales titles, with 330,000 copies produced and distributed. In 

addition, 42 Product Publicity Release notices were produced and distributed 

to subject-field journals, and 29 major direct mail promotions were produced, 

with a total mailing to 960,000 targeted prospects. Approximately 150,000 customers were also informed by 217 Priority Announcements of new publications 

in the fields they specified . The Sales Program's Mail List User Program saw a 

76 percent increase in rentals of GPO subscriber lists during 1990. 

Marketing also undertook an in-depth cost-effectiveness evaluation of the 

various elements of its promotional programs in 1990. One result of this evaluation was to increase emphasis on the use of multipliers-persons and organizations willing to distribute Marketing promotional pieces-in order to counter 

rising printing, postage, and mailing list rental costs. This new direction was 

implemented in 1990 with the distribution of over 118,000 copies of a special 

flyer offering a free U.S. Government Books catalog from GPO bookstores. Distribution was accomplished through supermarket literature racks, and resulted 

in nearly 16,000 mail and in-store requests for the catalog, a response rate of 

over 13 percent. Another area of the evaluation focused on the declining public response to GPO's broadcast and print Public Service Announcements 

(PSA's), which dropped 61 percent in 1990 due primarily to a growing reluctance by television stations to air 3-year-old PSA's. 

DEPOSITORY LIBRARY PROGRAM 

GPO's Depository Library Program received major attention in 1990, the 

result of efforts to re-invest this oldest of Government information dissemination programs with the capability to perform its mission effectively today. 

By year-end, the Program included 1,398 public, academic, law, and Federal agency libraries nationwide that were designated as depositories for Government publications by Senators and Representatives, and by law. GPO sends 

these libraries copies of any Government publication not of purely administrative or "cooperative" nature, or classified for reasons of national security. Eight 

libraries were added to the Program during the year and six were dropped. 

The publications printed for depository libraries are funded by the Superintendent of Documents' Salaries and Expenses Appropriation, and are distributed without charge to the libraries. In return, the libraries are required to 

make these publications available for the free use of the public. Fifty-four 

regional depository libraries receive every distributed publication, and provide 

inter-library loan and other services to the depositories in their regions. The 

remaining selective depositories tailor their Government publications to local 

needs, choosing from among 7,000 organization and series categories. A survey 

conducted in 1990 indicated that on the average, approximately 167,000 persons utilize the Nation's depository library collections each week. 

GPO Distribution to Libraries Increased 

During the year, GPO distributed more than 24.6 million copies of 54,000 

titles in both paper and microfiche formats to depository libraries, increases of 

5 and 7 percent, respectively, over the distribution performed in 1989. Including distributions to depository libraries performed by the Department of Energy 

and the U.S. Geological Survey, which operate under agreements with GPO, a 

total of 26.9 million copies of approximately 69,000 titles were distributed to 
To meet the public)s 

expanding need 

for Government 

information) in 1990 

GPO incorporated an 

increased number and 

variety of Government 

publications in 

electronic formats into 

the Depository Library 

Program. 

Federal Depository Libraries, 

by State and Territory, as of 

September 30, 1990 

(total=1)398) 

Alaska/9 

Hawaii/11 

American Samoa/1 

Panama Canal Zone/1 

Guam/2 

Micronesia/ I 

Puerto Rico/4 

Virgin Islands/2 

Northern Mariana Island/1 

depository libraries in 1990, compared with 27 million copies of 68,000 titles 

in 1989. GPO itself distributed a total of 14.4 million copies of over 31,600 

microfiche titles, up from 13.7 million copies of29,000 titles in 1989. 

Key Publications in Paper Formats Restored 

In 1990, GPO received Congressional approval to restore the distribution of 

two major Government publications-the bound Congressional Record and the 

State Department's Foreign Relations of the United States-in paper formats 

through the Depository Library Program. The distribution of these publications 

in paper formats was halted several years ago in favor of distribution in 

microfiche, in response to budget reductions. 

With the new Congressional approval, GPO will restore distribution of 

paper copies of the bound Congressional Record for the years 19 8 5 and forward 

to regional depository libraries and one library in each State without a regional 

depository-a total of 60 libraries in all. Foreign Relations of the United States 

will now be offered in both microfiche and paper formats to depository libraries. 

Distribution of Electronic Formats Expanded 

To meet the public's expanding need for Government information, in 1990 

GPO incorporated an increased number and variety of Government publications in electronic formats into the Depository Library Program. 

GPO took a major step in this direction in 1990 through its selection as a 

participant in Project Hermes, the Supreme Court's 2-year experiment with 

electronic dissemination of its slip opinions. GPO was chosen for this project 

along with wire services, legal publishers, legal databases, consortiums of 

legal/news education organizations, and an electronic information network. 

Under this project, GPO receives the slip opinions electronically from the 

Supreme Court moments after they are issued. GPO then converts the electronic 

files from ATEX to ASCII format, and makes them available through an 

WA/22 

OR/21 

CA 

109 

NV 

9 

ID 

11 

UT 

11 

AZ 

15 

MT/8 

WY 

10 

co 

25 

NM 

11 

ME 

ND/10 12 

MN -VTJ,8 26 WI NY -..N /9 

SD/10 93 -w33 31 MI "-RI 12 

48 PA/63 ~ / 22 

IA/21 NE/14 OH -~42 IL IN ~D /5 

57 36 62wv VA~MD/24 MO 14 37 DC/49 

KS/17 32 KY/21 

TN/25 

NC/34 

OK/20 AR sc 

18 MS AL GA 20 

12 23 28 

TX/62 LA 

26 • ... _.. FL 

' 38 

~ 

lliiiili 

27 
28 

electronic bulletin board network to depository libraries dialing-in from around 

the Nation. Transmitting at speeds of up to 9600 baud, the libraries can download the information rapidly, providing library users with timely access to this 

important information. The system began full operation early in fiscal year 1991. 

Significant progress was also made in the tl.ve pilot projects which are 

being used to test the feasibility and costs of making Government information 

in electronic formats available to depository libraries. The Depository Library 

Program expedited progress on these pilot projects, in order to accelerate the 

inclusion of electronic publications into regular depository distributions. 

During 1990, GPO continued to work with the General Accounting 

Office and the Census Bureau on an evaluation of the distribution of Census Test 

Disk No. 2, which was completed in 1989. GPO distributed the EPA's Toxic 

Release Inventory CD-ROM to all depository libraries in 1990, and initiated 

access by 100 depository libraries to the Commerce Department's Economic 

Bulletin Board. Final work was also completed on the preparation of the 1985 

bound Congressional Record CD-ROM for distribution to all depository 

libraries, and on the provision to 20 depository libraries of online access to the 

Department of Energy's Integrated Technical Information System. 

GPO's Information Technology Program (ITP) was given the mandate to 

move forward with plans to identifY and obtain additional Government information in electronic formats for distribution to depository libraries. During the year, 

as more electronic publications-primarily in CD-ROM and diskette formatsbecame available from such agencies as the Departments of Commerce, Defense, 

Energy, Interior, and Health and Human Services, and the EPA, successful efforts 

were made to include them as part of regular Depository Library Program services. By year-end, the ITP had distributed 12 new electronic products to depository libraries, and had plans to distribute an additional 200 products in 1991. 
During 1990) 

GPO undertook a 

coordinated effort to 

raise the visibility of 

the Depository Library 

Program among 

Federal publishing 

agenctes. 

A maJor improvement 

in cataloging services 

was achieved as the 

result of a one-year 

direct-hire authority 

granted by the Office of 

PersonnelAfanagement 

for certain librarian 

positions. 

Program Visibility Raised 

During 1990, GPO undertook a coordinated effort to raise the visibility of the 

Depository Library Program among Federal publishing agencies. This effort 

was directed at making publishing agencies better aware of their responsibilities 

to provide for distribution of publications to the depositories, and to combat 

the continuing problem of "fugitive" publications-Government publications 

printed or produced by agencies other than through GPO, and not included in 

the publications made available by GPO to depository libraries. 

Chief among these efforts was the publication and distribution of the 

Guidelines for the Provision of Government Publications for Depository Library 

Distribution, to assist publishing agencies in determining which publications are 

required to be made available to the Depository Library Program. Other efforts 

included a continuing series of presentations before each session of the Printing 

Assistant Orientation Program and a series of invited tours and meetings with 

agency publishers. 

Depository Library Inspections 

GPO inspects the Government documents collections of depository libraries to 

assure that accessibility, maintenance, and retention are adequate. In 1990, 

227 depositories were visited by GPO's inspectors. As a result, 14 libraries 

were placed on probation, 7 were removed from probationary status, and 1 

library's depository status was terminated. 

CATALOGING AND INDEXING PROGRAM 

The Superintendent of Documents indexes and classifies Government publications and prepares the Monthly Catalog of U.S. Government Publications, which 

is a comprehensive listing of these documents. 

During 1990, approximately 98,500 publications were received for classification, compared with 107,000 publications in 1989. Of the work received, 

35,800 publications were identified as duplicates and removed from processing, 

and 62,700 were assigned classification numbers. Approximately 33,100 publications were received for cataloging during the year, a record number compared to 29,400 publications in 1989. A total of 27,900 were cataloged and 

350 duplicates were identified and removed from processing. 

Staffing Improvements 

A major improvement in cataloging services was achieved as the result of a oneyear direct-hire authority granted by the Office of Personnel Management for 

certain librarian positions. Eight catalogers were added during 1990 under this 

authority, increasing cataloging personnel strength by over one-third. While cataloging production was slow during the first two quarters of 1990 due to 

recruitment and training, a 23 percent increase in output was recorded in the 

final months of the year. 

Abridged Cataloging Implemented 

The approval of abridged cataloging for low-priority items also increased cataloging production in 1990. Abridged cataloging requires 30 percent less time 

than preparation of full-level records. Despite this improvement and increased 

29 
30 

staffing, however, the cataloging backlog stood at 12,900 publications by yearend, up from 8,100 at the end of 1989. The increase was primarily due to the 

record number of publications received in 1990. 

Federal Information Locator System 

During 1990, GPO participated in a study requested by the Office of Management and Budget's Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, to 

determine the feasibility, costs, and potential systems architecture of a comprehensive Federal Information Locator System (FILS). The need for such a system, which would provide information to both the public and Federal agencies 

on how and where to locate Government information products and services in 

both conventional ink-on-paper and electronic formats, has been widely discussed in recent years. Because of its statutory mandate to provide for a comprehensive index of Government publications, GPO will continue to participate 

in future FILS efforts. 

STATL'TORY AND AGENCY DISTRIBUfiON PROGRA."\<IS 

The Superintendent of Documents distributes publications which are required 

by law to be distributed free of charge to designated recipients, and provides 

distribution services on a reimbursable basis for Federal agencies. 

During 1990, the Superintendent of Documents received 4.8 million 

copies of publications which were distributed free in accordance with statutory 

requirements, compared to 4.7 million copies in 1989. In addition, approximately 38.4 million copies of publications were received and mailed on behalf 

of other Federal agencies, compared to 45 .5 million copies in 1989. 

Consumer Information Center 

GPO's largest reimbursable operation is the Consumer Information Center 

(CIC), which is located at GPO's Public Documents Distribution Center in 

Pueblo, CO. In 1990, 15 .9 million free and paid consumer publications were 

distributed on behalf of the General Services Administration through this facility, compared to 19.7 million copies in 1989. 

International Exchange Program 

Under international treaty, the International Exchange Program provides for 

the distribution of U.S. Government publications to foreign libraries around the 

world, in exchange for sets of the publications produced by their governments, 

which they ship directly to the Library of Congress. The Library of Congress 

administers this program and the Superintendent of Documents distributes the 

publications. Approximately 325,000 publications were distributed to 67 foreign libraries in 1990, compared to a total distribution of 661,000 publications 

to 66 foreign libraries in 1989. 
Engineering continued 

to take actions in 

1990 to improve 

GPO)s compliance 

with environmental 

regulations. 

ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPPORT ACTIVITIES 

PO's in-plant printing, printing procurement, and publications distribution 

operations are supported by materials management, engineering, financial , personnel, data systems, and other functions, each of which contributed in 1990 to 

GPO's goals and objectives. 

Materials Management Service 

For 1990, the total value of GPO's procurement activities other than for printing was $110.6 million, compared to $96.7 million in 1989 . Of this amount, 

$50.6 million was for paper and paper products; $42.6 million was for services, 

transportation, communications, and travel; $12.4 million was for materials and 

supplies, and $5 million was spent on machinery, equipment, and building 

appurtenances. Some of the major projects contracted for during the year 

included the replacement of transformers in the Central Office complex ($2.6 

million); installation of a new switch to upgrade the local service telephone system ($750,000); and the replacement of GPO's WATS long distance telephone 

service ($700,000). 

GPO's Materials Management Service (MMS) buys paper by the pound 

and by the sheet. Paper purchased by the pound totaled 75.4 million pounds, 

while paper purchased by the sheet-primarily copier paper-totaled 1.8 billion 

sheets. MMS also purchased 116.8 million envelopes and 1.3 million cartons 

and other containers. During the year, GPO's monthly average inventory of 

paper was 29.4 million pounds, with a high of 32 .l million pounds in October 

1989, and a low of 27.9 million pounds in March 1990. A cumulative price 

increase of 0.8 percent was reflected for all categories of paper in the four quarterly contract periods during the year. 

Income to GPO from surplus sales conducted by MMS included 

$428,900 for wastepaper, $265,800 tram various spot sales of scrap and surplus 

property, $98,700 for non-ferrous metals, and $500 for scrap iron. Sales 

through salvage operations involved 16.3 million pounds of wastepaper, 

460,000 pounds of scrap iron, and 596,000 pounds of scrap metal and dross. 

Engineering Service 

During 1990, GPO's Engineering Service processed over 25,500 service calls in 

addition to completing structural improvements and equipment installations for 

the Central Office plant. Engineering constructed new office space for the 

Materials Management Service and the Superintendent of the Binding Division, 

provided a new complex for the Office of Information Resources Management, and renovated an area for the Binding Division to prepare work to be 

contracted out for commercial binding. A letterpress was relocated, a new adhesive binder as well as cutters and lifts were installed in the bindery, a passport 

laminating machine was installed in the GPO's passport and postal card production area, and security cameras were installed in the Central Office complex. 

Engineering continued to take actions in 1990 to improve GPO's compliance with environmental regulations. A plan was developed to remove existing underground storage tanks to meet EPA requirements. A test of emissions 

from GPO's web presses was made to determine the nature and quantities of 

pollutants being discharged into the atmosphere. The results of this test will be 

used to design pollution control equipment. GPO's asbestos abatement project 

continued in 1990, involving 20,000 feet of pipes. 

31 
GPO Appropriations 

(In Millions of Dollars) 

Salaries • Congressional 

and Expenses Printing 

and Binding 

102.5 

100 96.5 95.0 97.2 95.3 

90 

80 

70 

60 

50 

40 

30 

20 

10 

0 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 

A new Scale of Prices 

for Central Office 

plant work was 

developed and delivered 

with an effective date 

of January 1> 1990> 

the first full revision of 

the scale in about 

three years. 

32 

Maintenance and renovation work on GPO's aging Central Office complex 

also continued in 1990. A detailed survey of the cornice of the older buildings 

in the Central Office complex indicated extensive problems with the terra-cotta 

clements of the cornice and parapet that will require repairs in the near future, 

if these historic features are to be preserved. Elevator repairs and renovations 

continued throughout the year. In addition, a contract was awarded and completed for concrete repairs and painting of GPO's Building 4 paper warehouse. 

Office of Financial Management 

A new Scale of Prices for Central Office plant work was developed and delivered 

with an effective date ofJ anuary 1, 1990, the first full revision of the scale in 

about three years. The rates were increased approximately 22 percent to reflect 

increased labor costs resulting from wage negotiations over the last three years. 

All-inclusive hourly rates were also developed for GPO's Engineering Service to 

recover operating costs, and new rates were established for equipment purchased in GPO's bindery modernization effort. In addition, sales prices for publications in CD-ROM format were established. 

In the area of cash management, direct deposit through Electronic Funds 

Transfer (EFT ) was implemented for all GPO pay and savings allotments in 

1990 without any interruption in payments. Along with the conversion to 

EFT, GPO's payday was changed from the first Thursday to the second Tuesday following the close of the pay period, permitting a reduction in overtime 

used by GPO's Payroll Section. Significant progress was also made in reducing 

the amount of unpaid invoices owed to GPO by the Department of Defense. 

During 1990, the value of invoices over 60 days old was decreased from $5.7 

million to $3.7 million. In addition, the value of outstanding travel advances 

owed by GPO employees was reduced from $193,300 to $3,900 by year-end . 

Cash discounts taken on commercial printing totaled $8.9 million by year-end, 

compared to $10 million in 1989. 

The automation of financial systems continued during 1990, with the 

implementation of the first phase of the transition to a common database for 

receiving EFT payments for commercially-procured printing. GPO's program 

to supply client agencies with electronic billing data instead of paper invoices 

also progressed. By year-end, approximately 22 percent of GPO's total volume 

of billings was being performed electronically. 

A variety of new financial initiatives were also begun in 1990, most notably 

the development of a plan for providing firm fixed prices for the majority of 

printing work accomplished through GPO. This change will enable GPO to bill 

client agencies in advance of the completion of printing work, thereby reducing 

the time required for the recovery of working capital and simplifying client 

agencies' accounting procedures. GPO also is nearing completion of a modification of the billing system to automatically compute billings to client agencies, 

reducing the time it takes to produce an invoice by about 15 days. In addition, 

a cost/benefit study f(:>r options for replacing GPO's current payroll system with 

participation in a Government-wide system was completed by an inter-departmental task force . 

· During 1990, the General Accounting Office (GAO) completed its audit 

of GPO's fiscal year 1989 financial statements and issued an unqualified opinion on the consolidated balance sheet. GAO did not express an opinion on the 

other financial statements because the consolidated statements for 1988 were 

not audited. 
Efforts to recruit college 

graduates were highly 

successful during the 

yea1) with 23 college 

graduates appointed. 

GPO Staffing Levels 

(FTE's at yearend) 

1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 

In August 1990, the Public Printer established the new position of Assistant Public Printer (ChiefFinancial Officer), in order to centralize control over 

all aspects of GPO's financial and other related activities. 

Personnel Service 

GPO's Personnel Service obtained management and union approval in 1990 to 

pilot a revised GPO Merit Promotion Program which has reduced the time 

required to fill vacancies by 50 percent. Efforts to recruit college graduates were 

highly successful during the year, with 23 college graduates appointed. Personnel also worked with Office of Personnel Management to establish GPO's 

first Delegated Examining Unit to recruit candidates for Printing Assistant/ Specialist positions. In addition, Personnel supported the Office of Equal Employment Opportunity in its efforts to improve GPO's cooperation with historically 

black colleges and universities, and in establishing and soliciting management 

participation in cooperative education programs. 

Personnel made significant progress in the use of automation technology 

for training and other purposes. GPO was able to accomplish two-thirds of its 

individual training needs with an expenditure of only one-third of the training 

budget in 1990. A considerable part of this training was focused on areas of special agency interest, including word processing skills and performance management training. 

Labor and Employee Relations Service 

GPO's Labor and Employee Relations Service administers GPO's labor-management and employee relations programs. The Labor-Management Relations 

Branch, which administers labor relations policies and programs involving 17 

unions and representing 4,000 employees in 24 bargaining units across the 

Nation, negotiated five labor-management agreements. The most significant personnel policy negotiated by the Branch was GPO's Drug-Free Workplace Program, which provides for the drug testing of an employee when there is a reasonable suspicion that he/she is under the influence of illegal drugs while at work. 

The Employee Relations Branch processed 202 adverse actions during 

1990, including 37 employees who were removed or discharged either for disciplinary or performance reasons. The Merit Systems Protection Board did not 

reverse the agency on any of the 15 cases that were appealed. The Employee 

Programs Branch administered the highly successful Combined Federal Campaign, in which GPO exceeded its goal of $200,000 by $46,000. 

Occupational Health and Environmental Services 

Environmental compliance issues were a major focus for GPO's Occupational 

Health and Environmental Services (OHES) in 1990. Key among these were 

efforts associated with clean air and water regulations, hazardous waste management, asbestos removal, planning for removal ofPCB-containing electrical 

transformers, and underground storage tank removal. 

Preventive health efforts for GPO's employees were expanded during the 

year with the implementation of a comprehensive Medical Surveillance Program. New programs included a Safety and Health Committee and a National 

Commercial Driver Licensing program. Programs still under development 

include an ergonomics program, a behavioral safe workplace program, and a 

Workmen's Compensation Review Program. The position of interpreter to 

33 
34 

assist GPO's hearing-impaired employees was created, and a Hearing Impaired 

Task Force was formed. 

Office of Equal Employment Opportunity 

GPO's Office of Equal Employment Oppornmity (EEO) administers GPO's discrimination complaint system, provides counseling services, and assists GPO 

management in adhering to laws, regulations, and policies regarding equal 

employment opportunity f(>r all employees and applicants for employment. During 1990, EEO completed its second tiill year of cyclical evaluations of field installations, which included training on sexual harassment awareness and prevention. 

EEO's recruitment efforts included an exhibition booth at the Fifteenth 

Annual National Conference on Blacks in Higher Education, sponsored by the 

National Association for Equal Opportunity in Higher Education, and a full-page 

advertisement in the magazine Black Excellence depicting the role of GPO and the 

impact of Workforce 2000. In addition, an EEO staff member was assigned to 

coordinate and monitor the historically black colleges and universities initiative. 

EEO also continued its community outreach activities, including the Career 

Awareness, Adopt-A-School and Summer Youth Employment Programs. 

Security and Support Services 

GPO's Security and Support Services are responsible for GPO's law enforcement, physical and information security, and administrative support fi.mctions. 

New security alarms were added to the GPO-wide cardkcy alarm system during 

1990, and security at the Laurel Complex and Union Center Plaza locations 

was upgraded and integrated into the cardkey system. The GPO police communications system was upgraded, a comprehensive security survey was conducted in the Passport Unit, and several computer security surveys were conducted. The Personal Computer Security Handbook for GPO Managers and 

End-Users was published and distributed, and computer security guidelines and 

recommendations were provided to managers following the discovery of two 

computer viruses in GPO during the year. 

The Office of Support Services was instrumental in negotiating an interagency agreement between GPO and the U.S. Postal Service, effective March 

1, 1990, that assures GPO-wide postage accountability. In addition, this office 

coordinated the mailing of 6.5 million 1990 Advance Census Reports which 

were printed by GPO. 

Office of Information Resources Management 

GPO's Office oflnformation Resources Management (OIRM) provides GPOwide information automation services. In 1990, OIRM continued development of the GPO corporate database . The documentation of existing systems, 

business processes, and GPO-level data is nearing completion; development will 

be completed early in fiscal year 1991. In addition, the emphasis of the GPOWide Data Automation Plan was changed from tactical to strategic planning in 

order to proyide more control and to ensure the efficient use of resources. 

Operational accomplishments included implementation of a common 

database for procurement and payment information, enabling GPO to better 

serve its clients and reduce costs by taking additional prompt payment discounts by expediting the vendor payment process. The specifications function 
for small purchases in Central Office printing procurement was automated. 

The cash collection operation (lock box service) implemented last year for the 

Sales of Publications Program was streamlined. Application of OIRM's laser 

printer technology enabled a reduction in the number of GPO mailing labels 

from nine to two. OIRM also completed conversion of GPO's long distance 

telephone service to MCI VNET. Annual cost savings from this conversion are 

expected to be over $500,000. 

I 

, r 

" 

35 
36 

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

Consolidated Balance Sheet 

As of September 30, 1990, and 1989 (Notes 1 and 2) (in thousands of dollars) 

Assets 

Current Assets: 

Cash: 

On-hand and in-transit 

Revolving fund 

Appropriations 

Accounts receivable (Note 3) 

Inventories: 

Publications for sale, net (Note 4) 

Paper 

Materials and supplies 

Prepaid expense 

Total Current Assets 

Property, Plant, and Equipment (Note 5 ): 

Land and buildings 

Equipment and building improvements 

Less: accumulated depreciation 

Net Property, Plant, and Equipment 

Total Assets 

1990 

$ 845 

101,452 

28,437 

233,462 

12,451 

14,978 

10,512 

120 

$402,257 

18,633 

119,076 

137,709 

(85,155) 

52,554 

$454,811 

1989 

$ 1,024 

128,420 

34,258 

250,954 

13,006 

17,918 

10,768 

$456,348 

18,648 

113,980 

132,628 

(79,520) 

53,108 

$509,456 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 
Liabilities and Investment 1990 1989 

Current Liabilities: 

Accounts payable (Note 6) $ 70,028 $ 101,922 

Advances from customers (Note 7) 34,950 69,261 

Accrued salaries, wages, benefits and 

other withholdings 13,245 4,371 

State and local payroll taxes 820 2,188 

Total Current Liabilities $ll9,043 $177,742 

Other Liabilities: 

Accrued annual leave 10,707 10,354 

Excess receipts from sales of publications, 

due U .S. Treasury (Note 8) 8,686 2,262 

Total Other Liabilities $ 19,393 $ 12,616 

Total Liabilities $138,436 $190,358 

Investment of U.S. Government: 

Appropriations: 

Unliquidated obligations 34,469 33,357 

Revolving Fund: 

Contributed capital (Note 9) 109,952 110,051 

Retained earnings 171,954 168,313 

Reserved for intra -office funding 7,377 

Total Revolving Fund $281,906 $285,741 

Total Investment $316,375 $319,098 

Total Liabilities and Investment $454,811 $509,456 

37 
38 

Consolidated Statement of Revenue and Expenses 

by Function and Retained Earnings 

Fiscal Years 1990 and 1989 (Notes 1 and 2) (in thousands of dollars) 

Printing and Binding 

Revenue: 

Printing and Binding 

Sales of Publications 

Appropriations 

Reimbursements 

Total Revenue 

Expenses: 

Personal compensation and 

benefits 

Travel and transportation 

Rents, communications and 

utilities 

Printing and reproduction 

Other services 

Supplies and materials 

Depreciation 

Publications sold 

Surplus publications 

Total Expenses 

Net Income or (Loss) 

In-House 

Printing 

$ 229,617 

$229,617 

$ 150,707 . 671 

10,899 

3,531 

57,137 

5,312 

$228,257 

$ 1,360 

Retained Earnings, Beginning of Fiscal Year 

Retained Earnings Before Payable to U.S. Treasury 

Less: 

Purchased 

Printing 

$ 634,610 

$634,610 

$ 32,778 

2,690 

2,712 

591 ,156 

787 

1,112 

628 

$631,863 

$ 2,747 

Excess receipts from sales of publications, due U.S. Treasury 

Retained Earnings, End of Fiscal Year 

Total 

$864,227 

$864,227 

$ 183,485 

3,361 

13,611 

591 ,156 

4,318 

58,249 

5,940 

$860,120 

$ 4,107 

The accompanying notes arc an integral part of these financial statements. 
Information Dissemination 

Agency Salaries Total GPO 

Sales of Distribution and 

Publications Services Expenses Total Eliminations 1990 1989 

($ 41,744) $ 822,483 $ 916,024 

$83,245 $ 83,245 83,245 75,695 

$25,433 25,433 (495) 24,938 22,499 

$4,907 4,907 4,907 4,821 

$83,245 $4,907 $25,433 $113,585 ($42,239) $935,573 $1,019,039 

$27,109 $2,764 $ 7,674 $ 37,547 ($ 2,504) $ 218,528 $ 212,101 

872 73 472 1,417 4,778 4,872 

15,792 2,158 2,875 20,825 (487) 33,949 30,430 

791 69 13,076 13,936 (38,508) 566,584 662,641 

916 90 669 1,675 (597) 5,396 5,118 

1,707 198 510 2,415 (143) 60,521 63,900 

193 21 157 371 6,311 6,491 

24,572 24,572 24,572 19,851 

4,869 4,869 4,869 4,533 

$76,821 $5,373 $25,433 $107,627 ($42,239) $925,508 $1,009,937 

$ 6,424 ($ 466) $ 5,958 $ 10,065 $ 9,102 

$168,313 $ 164,4ll 

$ 178,378 $ 173,513 

(6,424) (5,200) 

$171,954 $ 168,313 

39 
40 

Consolidated Statement of Changes in Financial Position 

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1990, and 1989 (Notes 1 and 2) 

(in thousands of dollars) 

1990 1989 

Funds Provided: 

Net Income $ 10,065 $ 9,102 

Add expenses not requiring capital: 

Depreciation 6,311 6,491 

Total Funds Provided by Operations 16,376 15,593 

Book value of retired assets 19 67 

Appropriations 87,473 85,731 

Sale of land 513 

Increase in accrued annual leave 353 290 

Total Funds Provided $104,734 $101,681 

Funds Applied: 

Purchase of fixed assets 5,875 5,804 

Funds returned to U.S. Treasury from appropriations 

Expended Appropriations (Note 10) 94,251 97,794 

Total Funds Applied $100,126 $103,598 I 

Increase (Decrease) in Working Capital $ 4,608 ($ 1,917) 

Changes in Working Capital 

Current Assets: 

Cash: 

On-hand and in-transit ($ 179) ($ 126) 

Revolving fund (26,968) 13,511 

Appropriations (5,821 ) 1,462 

Accounts receivable (17,492) 32,807 

Publications for sale (555) 821 

Paper (2,940) 2,508 

Materials and supplies (256) 1,999 

Prepaid expense 120 

Current Liabilities: 

Accounts payable 31,894 (19,459) 

Advances from customers 34,311 (34,267) 

Accrued salaries, wages, benefits and other 

withholdings (8,874) (217) 

State and local payroll taxes 1,368 (956) 

Increase (Decrease) in Working Capital $ 4,608 ($ 1,917) 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 
Status of Appropriated Funds 

Fiscal Years Ended September 30, 1990, and 1989 (Notes 1 and 2) 

(in thousands of dollars) 

Total 

Congressional Salaries Appropriated Funds 

Printing and and 

Binding Expenses 1990 1989 

Status of Appropriations, 

Beginning of Fiscal Year $13,042 $21,216 $ 34,258 $ 32,796 

Funds Provided: 

Appropriations 74,149 13,324 87,473 85,731 

Intra-Office Funding 7,890 7,890 11,424 

Total Funds Available $87,191 $42,430 $129,621 $129,951 

Funds Applied: 

Obligated appropriations: 

Current Fiscal Year 64,299 17,959 82,258 75,904 

Prior Fiscal Years 11,481 7,445 18,926 19,789 

Funds Returned to 

U.S. Treasury 

Total Funds Applied $75,780 $25,404 $101,184 $ 95,693 

Status of Appropriations, 

End of Fiscal Year $11,411 $17,026 $ 28,437 $ 34,258 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements. 

41 
42 

NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS 

As of September 30, 1990, and September 30, 1989 

( l) Organization 

The Government Printing Office (GPO) provides printing, binding, and 

distribution services to the Congress and Federal agencies and distributes publications to the public. Title 44 of the U.S. Code authorizes the GPO Revolving 

Fund to finance these operations. The Revolving Fund is reimbursed by payments 

from agencies, receipts from sales of publications, and by transfers from the 

Salaries and Expenses and Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriations. 

The Congressional Printing and Binding Appropriation is for printing 

and binding performed directly for Congress and for printing and binding of 

publications authorized by law to be distributed without charge to recipients. 

The Salaries and Expenses Appropriation is for necessary expenses incurred 

by the Superintendent of Documents for depository library, international 

exchange, and other statutory distribution of publications, and for the cataloging and indexing of Government publications. 

(2) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies 

Principles of Consolidation-The consolidated financial statements 

include all GPO funds. Inter-fund and inter-operational transactions and balances have been eliminated. 

Basis of Accounting-Assets, liabilities, revenue, and expenses arc recognized on the accrual basis of accounting following generally accepted 

accounting principles ( GAAP); the associated principles of fund accounting; and 

Title 2, "Accounting," of the General Accounting Office's (GAO ) Policy and 

Procedures Manual for Guidance of Federal Agencies, with one exception. GAO 

Title 2 requires capitalizing all software valued at $5,000 or more. GPO's policy for purchased software was revised during fiscal year 1990 to comply with 

Title 2. A policy for in-house developed software will be implemented during 

fiscal year 1991 to bring GPO into full compliance with Title 2. 

Expense Allocations-General and administrative expenses have been 

distributed among the various expense categories. To the extent practicable, 

general and administrative expenses were allocated to the various programs 

based on the estimated level of effort associated witl1 each program. 

Revenue Recognition-Printing and binding revenue is recognized on 

the basis of work performed by GPO due to the fact that all printing and binding 

work is required by law to be reimbursed on the basis of services rendered. At the 

end of fiscal year 1990, there was an estimated $13,568,000 shortfall in the 

Congressional Printing and Binding appropriation of which the majority was for 

the bound Congressional R ecord. The value of this work, if not funded, would be 

absorbed as a loss by the GPO Revolving Fund. However, it is anticipated that this 

work will be funded in future appropriations. Revenue from commercially-procured printing and binding is recognized on the constructive-receipt concept. 

Revenue from distributing and selling publications to the public is recognized 

when publications have been shipped, or when services have been performed. 

Inventories-Publications tor sale arc valued using the first-in, first-out cost 

method. The allowance for surplus publications is established to estimate the value 

of potentially obsolete or excess publications held in inventory at fiscal year end: 

Paper, materials, and supplies are valued using tl1e moving-average cost method. 
Property, Plant and Equipment-Property, plant, and equipment are 

carried at cost. Expenditures which substantially increase the useful life of the 

assets are capitalized. Maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred. Depreciation is computed using the straight-line method with estimated useful lives 

ranging from 42 to 50 years for buildings and from 3 to 30 years for machinery and equipment and building improvements is recovered from billings to 

client agencies. Buildings and structures have been paid from Legislative appropriations. Accordingly, depreciation is recorded but not reimbursed on these 

items. Retirements of assets, valued at $837,000 in fiscal year 1990, are 

removed from the accounts. 

Intragovernmental Financial Activities-GPO's financial activities interact with and depend on those of the Federal Government as a whole . Thus, 

GPO's financial statements do not reflect the results of all financial decisions and 

activities applicable to GPO's operations, as if it were a stand-alone entity. 

GPO's financial statements are not intended to report GPO's proportionate share of the Federal deficit or of public borrowing, including interest 

thereon. Financing for appropriations reported on GPO's statements could 

derive from tax revenues or public borrowing or both; the ultimate source of 

this financing, whether from tax revenues or public borrowing, has not been 

specifically allocated to GPO. 

Pensions-During fiscal year 1990, the majority of GPO's employees participated in d1e contributory Civil Service Retirement System (CSRS); the Federal Old-Age, Survivor, and Disability Insurance Fund; and/ or the Federal 

Employees Retirement System (FERS), to which GPO made contributions of 

$14,696,000 and $13,723,000 in fiscal years 1990 and 1989, respectively. Such 

contributions are recognized as expenses in the statement of operations. GPO 

does not report CSRS and FERS liabilities, if any, applicable to its employees 

since this data is only reported in total by the Office of Personnel Management. 

Contingencies-GPO is a party in various administrative proceedings, legal 

actions, and clain1s brought by or against it at September 30, 1990. These include: 

-Various personnel actions, suits, or claims brought against GPO by employees 

and others. 

-Claims against commercial contractors as a result of contract default or other 

less-than-satisfactory performance in which GPO is likely to prevail. The 

value of these claims is recorded as accounts receivable. 

-Claims by commercial contractors brought against GPO. One contingency 

related to denying a contractor's claim will probably result in a loss of approximately $270,000. This amount has been recorded as a liability in the yearend financial statements. Another contingency, classified as reasonably possible, also exists. The amount of loss to GPO, should the contractor prevail, 

would be approximately $250,000. This claim is disclosed but not recorded 

in the financial statements, in accordance with GAAP guidelines on reasonably possible contingencies. 

Intra-Office Funding-In fiscal year 1990, the Salaries and Expenses 

Appropriation was funded in part by excess receipts derived from sales of publications. Pursuant to Public Laws 101-163 and 101-164, this type of funding 

provided $7,377,000 from the sale of publications and $513,000 from the 

sale of land. For fiscal year 1991, there is no public law which authorizes this 

type of intra-office funding. 

43 
44 

(3) Accounts Receivable, Net 

Accounts receivable, net, comprised the following: 

U.S. Government agencies 

Unbilled completed work 

Unbillcd work in progress 

The public 

Other 

Subtotal 

Allowance for doubtful accounts* 

Accounts receivable, net 

September 30 

1990 

$ 26,679,000 

137,605,000 

66,909,000 

350,000 

2,976,000 

1989 

$ 34,548,000 

161,499,000 

51,517,000 

435,000 

2,955,000 

$234,519,000 $250,954,000 

(1,057,000) 

$233,462,000 $250,954,000 

*The allowance for doubtful accounts, established in fiscal year 1990, is based 

on recent bad debt experience. 

(4) Inventory-Publications for Sale, Net 

Publications for sale, net, comprised the following: 

September 30 

Publications for sale 

Allowance for surplus publications 

Publications for sale, net 

1990 

$ 16,551,000 $ 

(4,100,000) 

$ 12,451,000 

1989 

16,506,000 

(3,500,000) 

$13,006,000 
( 5) Property, Plant, and Equipment 

Property, plant, and equipment at September 30, 1989, consisted of the following: 

Acquisition Accumulated Net 

Value Depreciation Book Value 

Land $ 9,992,000 $ 9,992,000 

Buildings 8,656,000 $ 8,631,000 25,000 

Building improvements 41,305,000 21,188,000 20,117,000 

Leasehold improvements 1,346,000 548,000 798,000 

Plant machinery and 

equipment 61,162,000 42,134,000 19,028,000 

Office machinery and 

equipment 8,305,000 5,835,000 2,470,000 

Computer software 420,000 315,000 105,000 

Furniture and fixtures 349,000 205,000 144,000 

Motor vehicles 746,000 664,000 82,000 

Capital improvements 

m progress 347,000 347,000 

Totals $132,628,000 $79,520,000 $53,108,000 

During fiscal year 1990, several assets were reclassified from Plant Machinery and 

Equipment to Building Improvements and from Building Improvements to 

Leasehold Improvements. Fiscal year 1989 amounts have been restated to reflect 

this change, for comparison purposes. The acquisition value of these assets was 

$6,728,000 and their book value was $2,462,000 at September 30, 1989. 

Property, plant, and equipment at September 30, 1990, consisted of the following: 

Acquisition Accumulated Net 

Value Depreciation Book Value 

Land $ 9,977,000 $ 9,977,000 

Buildings 8,656,000 $ 8,656,000 

Building improvements 43,607,000 22,824,000 20,783,000 

Leasehold improvements 1,394,000 764,000 630,000 

Plant machinery and 

equipment 63,259,000 45,106,000 18,153,000 

Office machinery and 

equipment 9,095,000 6,608,000 2,487,000 

Computer software 562,000 365,000 197,000 

Furniture and fixtures 347,000 233,000 114,000 

Motor vehicles 757,000 599,000 158,000 

Capital improvements 

m progress 55,000 55,000 

Totals $137,709,000 $85,155,000 $52,554,000 

45 
46 

( 6) Accounts Payable 

Accounts payable comprised the following: 

September 30 

Category 1990 1989 

Commercial printing $ 53,605,000 $ 88,770,000 

U.S. Government agencies 10,588,000 7,649,000 

Other 5,835,000 5,503,000 

Totals $ 70,028,000 $101,922,000 

(7) Advances from Customers 

Advances from customers comprised the following: 

September 30 

Category 1990 1989 

Advanced billings to customer agencies* $ 2,636,000 $ 38,222,000 

Customer deposits for publication orders 8,964,000 8,308,000 

Deferred subscription revenue 21,882,000 20,338,000 

Undelivered publication orders 1,468,000 2,393,000 

Totals $ 34,950,000 $ 69,261,000 

*Fiscal year 1989 includes $33,304,000 advanced from the Bureau of the Census for printing and reproduction services related to the 1990 Decennial Census. 

( 8) Amount Due U.S. Treasury 

Title 44 requires GPO to deposit in the U.S. Treasury excess receipts from sales 

of publications. The amount due the U.S. Treasury as of September 30, 1990, 

was determined as follows: 

Amount due U.S. Treasury, September 30, 1989 

Fiscal Year 1990 Excess Receipts 

Amount due U.S. Treasury, September 30, 1990 

$ 2,262,000 

6,424,000 

$ 8,686,000 
(9) Contributed Capital 

Contributed capital was derived from the following: 

September 30 

Contributed Capital 1990 1989 

Beginning net worth when the 

Revolving Fund was established $ 33,807,000 $ 33,807,000 

Book value of contributed 

buildings and land 415,000 454,000 

Appropriations for improvements to 

air conditioning and electrical systems 12,900,000 12,900,000 

Appropriations for working capital and 

site acquisition 

Donated equipment 

Totals 

( 10) Expended Appropriations 

Expended appropriations were as follows: 

Programs 

Congressional Printing and Binding 

Depository library distribution 

Cataloging and Indexing 

By-law distribution 

International exchange 

Totals 

62,600,000 

230,000 

$109,952,000 

62,600,000 

290,000 

$ll0,051,000 

September 30 

1990 1989 

$ 68,846,000 $ 74,953,000 

21,230,000 19,332,000 

2,664,000 2,103,000 

988,000 924,000 

523,000 482,000 

$ 94,251,000 $ 97,794,000 

47 
48 

( ll) Reconciliation to Budget Report 

The following schedule reconciles the total expenses as reported on the Statement of Revenue and Expenses by Function and Retained Earnings, with outlays 

as reported in the Office of Management and Budget Report, SF-133, "Report 

on Budget Execution," and other supplemental reports at September 30, 1990. 

Total Expenses per Statement of Revenue and 

Expenses by Function and Retained Earnings 

Add: Congressional Printing and Binding 

Appropriation Expenditures not included above 

Total Operating Expenses 

Budgetary Outlays Not Included 

as Expenses: 

Capital Expenditures 

Net Decrease in Accounts Payable 

Increase in Prepaid Expenses 

Subtotal 

Items Not Requiring Outlays: 

Depreciation 

Change in Allowance Accounts: 

Bad Debts 

Surplus Publications 

Increase In Annual Leave 

Accrual Adjustment 

Decrease in Inventories 

Book Value of Retired Assets 

Subtotal 

Gross Disbursements 

Less Offsetting Collections: 

Total Revenue per Statement of 

Revenue and Expenses by 

Function and Retained Earnings: 

In-House Printing 

Purchased Printing 

Sales of Publications 

Agency Distribution 

Salaries and Expenses 

Less Eliminations 

Total Revenue 

Less: Salaries and Expenses 

Sales to Depository Library Program 

Sale ofLand 

Subtotal 

Net Outlays . 

$ 5,875 ,000 

42,265,000 

120,000 

(6,311,000) 

(1,057,000) 

( 600,000) 

(353,000) 

(3,151,000) 

(19,000) 

229,617,000 

634,610,000 

83,245,000 

4,907,000 

25,433,000 

(42,239,000) 

$935,573,000 

(25,433,000) 

29,000 

513,000 

$ 925,508,000 

68,846,000 

$ 994,354,000 

$ 48,260,000 

($ 11,491,000) 

$1,031,123,000 

$ 910,682,000 

$ 120,441,000 
United States Government Printing Office 

(as of September 30, 1990) 

PUBLIC PRINTER 

-----------------

Assistant Deputy ;--- DEPUTY PUBLIC Chief of Staff Public Printer 

PRINTER 

General Office of Inspector 

Counsel Planning General 

Office of Office of 

Administrative Workforce Congressional Public 

Law Judge Planning and and Legislative Off

Training Mfairs 

I I l 

ASSISTANT PUBLIC PRINTER ASSISTANT PUBLIC PRINTER ASSISTANT PUBLIC PRINTER ASSISTANT PU

(Administration and Resources 

Management) (Chief Financial Officer) (Superintendent of Documents) (Operations and 

Equal Office of Library Printing 

Personnel Employment Financial Documents Programs Procurement 

Service Opportunity Management Sales Service Service Department 

Service 

Occupational Security and Quality Health and Control and 

Environmental Support Technical 

Services Services Department 

Labor and Office of 

Employee Information Engineering 

Relations Resources Service 

Service Management 
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