R. 1. 4345 SEPTEMBER 1948

UNITED STATES

DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR

J. A. KRUG, SECRETARY

BUREAU OF MINES

JAMES BOYD, DIRECTOR

LIBRARY COPY

U. S. BureaLu -s-. 

Boulder City, Nevada

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS

CHURN DRILLING AT CAPE MOUNTAIN TIN PLACER DEPOSITS

SEWARD PENINSULA, ALASKA

4~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

BY

HAROLD E. HEIDE AND ROBERT S. SANFORD
R. I. 4345,

September 1948.

REPORT OF INVESTIGATIONS

UNITED STATES DEPARTMEWT OF THEE INTERIOR - BUREAU OF IVENES

CHURN DRILLING AT CAPE MOUNTAIN TIN PyACER DEPOSITS,

SEWARD PENINSULA, ALASKA;

By Harold E. Heide A/ nd Robert S. San ord-/

CONTENiTS

- ~~~~~Passe

Introduction and scuwary ............... 1

Acknowledgments . . 2

Location and accessibility . . 2

Physic-l features end climate ..............

History, production, and ownership .........

Water supply ................ 4

Occurrence of deposits .............. . 5

Character of' deposits ...................... 5

Placer workings ..............- 6

Investigations by Bureau of Mines . ....... 6

Bibliography ...................... ......... 14

IILUSTBATIONS

Following

Figure page

1. Index map of Alaska ...... ................... 2

2. Cape Mountain tin placer district .... ........ :2

3. Drill map of First Chance and Cape Creeks ... 6

4. Drill map of Granite Creek ... .............. 6

5. Drill map of Goodwin Creek .. *.....6

6. Drill map of Boulder Creek . .................. 6

7. Drill map ofVillage Creek ...... 6

INTRODUCTION'& SUMItARY

The United States is the world's largest consumer of tin and depends

entirely upon foreign imports for its major source of supply. Only a small

quantity of tin is produced on the North &Aerica continent. The advent of

the war in Europe in 1939 brought a threat to our foreig n sources of supply,

1/ The Bureau of Mines will welcome reprinting of this paper, provided the

following footnote acmowledgment is used, "Reprinted from Bureau of

Mines Report of Investigations 4345."1

2/ Senior mining engineer, Juneau, Alaska.

3/ Senior mining enmineor, College Park, Md.

2485
R. I. 4345--

and the Congress took steps to Forestall shortages of tin and other metals.

By authority of the Strategic Minerals Act, passed by Congress in 1939,

and subsequent legislation, the Bureau of Mines and Geological Survey

conducted investigations of domestic tin deposits.. Most of. the tin that

has been produced in North America-1came from the Seward Peninsula, Alaska.

The Cape Mountain placer'district prodticed apprcxirnately 700 tons of

tin concentrate from-1933 to 1941, inclusive. Since thon no tin has been

produced in the district. Reports that there were more tin deposits in the

area led to an examination of the district by Harold E. Heide in September

1942, which was followed in 1943 and 1944 by a pro-ram of churn drilling

in the placer area end trenching and sampling the lodo-tin dcposite.Z7

The Cape Mountain area was examined in 1939 by J. B. Mortic, Jr., of the

Geological Survey. During the period in 1943 in which the Bureau of Mines

conducted its ci)Urn-drillinry program, a Geological Survey party (Robert

Coats, chief) made plane table marps showirg the location ef the drill holes.

Exploration was begun, using two airplane-t&ypo churn drills, in June

1943 and continued until the latter part of September of the same year. All

the principal creeks of the district were prospected by the Bureau of Mines.

Owing to uncertainty concerning the exact location and extent of the

placer deposits, the work was laid out first to explore the district as a

whole. This method permitted a proliminary appraisal of total resources

from which the most favorable deposits could be' soloeted. The original plan

for closer drilling of any possible exploitable blocks found during the

preliminary phase could not bc undertaken because of the limited working

season. ACKNOWLEDGNENTS

Acknowledgment is made to the Geological Survey for the use of geologic

maps and reports of the Cape Mountain are?>. Special acknowledgment Is made

to Robert Coats, geologist of the Geological Survey, for his detailed study

and mapping in the area, and to James H. iulbert, Bureau of Mines project

foreman, from whose field. notes many data in this report were obtained.

4OCATIOI M~AND ACCESSIBILITY

The Cape Mountain plAcer'district encompassos the larger creeks heading

in the slopes of Cape Mountain. This district is on the westernmost tip of

the North American continent at approximately 650 35' north latitude and

1790 59' west longitude. The district is about 107 miles northwest of Nome,

Alaska, and within a radius of 6 miles of Wales, Alaska, the ncarest

inhabited Eskimo village. The location of the district is shown on figure 1,

4/ Heide, H. E., Wright, W. S., andi Sanford, R. S., Exploration of Cape

Mountain Lode-Tin Deposits; Seward Peninsurl,<Alask!: Bureau of Mines

Report of Investigation's 3978, i946, 16 pp.

2485 2-
/74' 1621, /50' 0'/6 /

tACA\CCE3,/ roe

;g~~~~~~~td0 -

X \ F I C D ~~~~Alo [: 

/p o/S EWARvS

~~~~~~~Fgr 1.-Ideca;f lsa
/LOPP LAGOOOZ\N

0e a

5co/c~~ F0e ~~~~ Inn 

After Oeologqicol Survey gose /14o

Figure 2. - Cape Mountain tin placer district.
;. I. 4345

Nome is the distributing center for the Seward Peninsula. Tin City,

on the shore of the Bering 'Sea, is now deserted but would provid6 a suitable

base for starting operations in the district. Wales has a post office',a

small trading post, a radio station, and a population of about 50 Eskimos.

An airplane landing field suitable for small planes has been constructed

just east of Tin City. A larger air field was built by the Civil Aero-'

nautics Authority at Wales soon after the field work for this project was

completed. Weather conditions make flying an uncertain means of transpor- tation.

Steamships make two or three trips between Seattle and Nome and a like

number of trips between Seattle and Kotzebue during the season when the

Bering Sea is open to navigation. The first ship leaves Seattle about May

20 and the last about September 1. All ships are scheduled to depart from

the Bering Sea and Arctic Ocean before October 6, as the ocean may freeze

and close navigation shortly after that date. There are no harbors at

NoMe, Tin City, or Wales, and vessels must anchor off shor'6. All freight has to be lightered from ship to shore. A tug boat and barge must be

chartered and come from Teller to handle heavy freight. Eskimos with umiaks,

or skin boats, can be hired to lighter articles weighing less than 1,000

pounds at about $10.00 a ton.'

The freight rate on general cargo from Seattle, Wash., to Nome, Alaska,

is 71 cents a cubic foot, divided as follows: Seattle wharfage'3-1/2 cents;

to ship's anchorage, Nome, 45 cents;'and Nome lighterage, 22-1/2 cents.

An additional 16-porcent surcharge is still int effect.

A small motorship'carzies mail and light cargo from St. Michael to

Kotzebue every 2 weeks during'the opcn season. The ship will tow a barge

on request. Stops are made at-Nome, Teller, Tin City, Wales, and other

wayside ports.. Freight rates from Nome to Tin City are about $30.00 a ton

shore-to-shore.

Equipment and supplies can be transported from Tin City to the head of

Cape Creek and Goodwin Gulch on a road that follows these creoks.;

'PHYSICAL FEATURES AND CLIMATE

Capo Mountain is a prominent peak towering over 2,300 feet above

Bering Strait.. Five major creeks - Village, Boulder, Granite, Goodwin, and

Cape - compose the drainage system. Those creeks are stoop at their heads,

narrow and shallow;, and'flow only a few mile's to the Bering Sea or Lo'pp Lagoon. A map of the Cape Mountain area is shown on figure 2.

No timber is available in the region. The tundra furnishes an abundant

supply of moss, which is .suitable feed forreindeer but of little value to

other stock.

2485 -35
R&<.I. 4345

Land animals were once plentiful, but at present the numbers have been

greatly reduced. The partly domesticated herds of reindeer have been greatly

depleted in recent years. Whale, seal, walrus, and fish are caught in the

Bering Sea and form a large part of the Eskimos' diet.

nigh winds from the north. or south bring much fog and rain during the

suimier. Weather conditions at Cape. Mountain are somewhat similar to those

at Nome, where the closest weather station is'located anid where the records

show an average annual precipitation of 12.,29 inches. Over half of'the

rain falls during the four summer months, or from June to September, inclusive.

The annual mean temperature is 30.20 F. The winters are severe, and temperatures of minus 500 F. are frequently recorded.

The worki±g,season is confined to Juno, July,iAugust and September of

each year. The ice pack in the Bering Sea stops navigation' from early

November to late May.

Much of the unconsolidated material underlying the tundra is frozen

during the entire year.. These permanently frozen'areas must be thawed during

mining operations.

HISTORY, PRODUCTION, AND OWNNERSEIP

The first tin discoveries on Cape Mountain were lode deposits, and

prospecting was largely confined to them for many years. Later, placer tin

aroused interest, and in 1933 sporadic attempts were made to hand-mine on

Cape Creek and Goodwin Gulch. Probably 200tons of tin was produced by hand

mining up to 1935, when American Tinfields, Inc., began operating. An estimated 500 tons of tin was produced between 1935 and 1941. American Tinfields

ceased operations owing to exhaustion of economically minable tin-bearing

gravel on Cape Creek and Goodwin Gulch.'

Claim titles were not rigidly investigated in 1943; but it is believed

that title to claims on Cape Creek was held by Mrs. A. T. Peterson and

associates of Teller, Alaska, and those on Goodwin Creek by Thomas J.

Christensen of Fairbanks, Alaska) and the Boring Straits Tin Mining Co, The

claims on Granite, Boulder, and Village Creeks were held by the Bering

Straits Tin Mining Co.

,WAIER SUPPLY'

One of the chief obstacles to mining in the Cape Mountain'area is the

scarcity of water. The water supply depeiids on early seasonal thaws and

light rains. All the creeks. except Goodwin Creeok, have a highly fluctuating,

undependable, intoemittant flow.

The American Tinfields, Inc., haulod the gravels from Cape Creek and

Goodwin Gulch to a washing plant at Tin City. This washing plant was

supplied with water pumped from the Bering Sea. However, it is believed

that sea water can be pumped to the deposits on First Chance and Cape Creeks

and the sea water recirculated in a washing plant.

2485 -4-
R. I. 4145

Water conditions on Boulder Creek are analogous to those on First

Chance and Cape Creeks.

OCCURIPICE OF DEPOSITS

The main macs of Cape Mountain is chiefly a granite which has intruded

limestone. This limestone borders the foot of the mountain. Lode - tin

mineralization occurs along the granite limestone contact. It is believed

that the placer tin, in the form of cassiterite, came from this mineralized

cone.

CEARACTER OF DEPOSITS

The tin-bearing portions of the creek gravels in the Cape Mountain area

are too small to represent a large reserve of tin and were left by previous

operators for economic reasons. A few remaining bench deposits, covered by

a deep overburden, invariably contain lower values than the main channels

mined. Other deposits, occurring in low-grade portions of the channels, were

*classified-as unprofitable at the time of mining operations''

tedrock gradients in the mining sections are 4 percent and over. Granite

bedrock was encountered oii line 1 at Boulder Creek, but bedrock in all other

places is limestone. It is reported that the limestone bedrock is'decomposed

enough to permit clean mining.

Placer tin, occurring as the mineral cassiterite, ranges in size from a

small fraction of an inch up to nuggets a foot in diameter. Near the heads

of creeks much of the -cassitorite is coarse, angular, and associated with_

quartz, limestone, or granite gangues Smaller grains and nuggets are found

on theo lower deposits; less gangue adheres to the cass-tcrito, and the crystals are more worn, although still oubangular.

Variable amounts of impurities are recovered in the concentrates. Pyrite,

magnetite, garnet, and other heavy contact minerals often constitute an appreciable part of the volule. However, American Tinfieldsj Inc., demonstrated

that, by using jigs and tables, a 60-porcont tin concentrate could-be produced

without serious loss.

The deposits on First Chanibe Crook and lower Cape Creek contain a high

percentage of clay, associated with the pay streak. This clay could cause a

serious loss of tin unless adequate wash water was available.

On Boulder Creek-many boulders up to 5 feet diameter were encountered.

These often constitute 20 to 40 percent of the volume, the remainder being

clean sand and gravel. Mining operations would require equipment heavy enough

to handle boulders of this size. In all instances the gravels were found

to be unconsolidated. They contained some'ico but may be readily thawed by

stripping.

2485 -5-
R. I. 4345

PLACER WORKINS

Cape Creek was worked from near the beach to a point approximately 500

feet below First Chance Creek. About 2,000 feet of ground above the bend

was also worked on Cape Creek.

Goodwin Gulch was also mined a length of 4,500 feet upstream from its

Junction with Goodwin. Creek. Most of the mining was done by American Tinfields, Inc., withpower shovel and trucks hauling gravel to the mills.

Practically all mining was in a narrow strip following the main channels,

although some recovery was made ifrom shallow benches on the left limit of

Goodwin Gulch.

Operations of American Tinfields, Inc., on Cape Creek and Goodwin Gulch

utilized power shovel, trucks, and a mill first located at Tin City, later at

Goodwin Creek. With the light equipment used, only a small yardage was

mined. 9,OOO to 10,000 cubic yards each working season - and total costs

are reported to havo been about $2.50 a cubic yard.

The tin-bearing gravel can be concentrated in movable plants using

washers, jigs, and sluices. A variable amount of impurities, such as pyrite,

magnetite, garnet,'and other contact minerals occurs in the concentrate.

.Specifications as to type and. size of equipment must be determined by

the character of the deposits.

INIESTIGATIONS BY BUREAU OF MINES

Bureau of Mines investigations were conducted on-First Chance, Cape,

Goodwin, Granite, Boulder and Village Creeks, the principal tin-boaring

creeks of the district. A bulldozer trench and numerous test pits were

excavated on the beach at Tin City. Only' traces of tin were found in these

excavations.

Two airplane churn drills mounted on skids and moved with a tractor

were'used for drilling. One hundred thirty-eight holes wore drilled, totaling 1,739.85 feet. The location of drill holes is shown in figures 3 to 7,

inclusive.'

Originally it was planned to accomplish part of the exploration by means

of bulldozer trenches. This provoe impractical, as in most cases the

ground was either too soft or bedrock too deep.

The drill bits used had 3-5/8-inch cutting edges. Area represented by

cutting edge of drive shoo,.using 4-inch casing, was 0.150 square foot.

Length of core was measured boefore-and after each pumping. Loose

volumes from each pumping were measured in calibrated buckets. Water

measurements were taken in holes drilled in frozen ground. Logs were kept

at the drill by the drillers, frequent checks being made by the sample foreman.-

2485 -6-
V ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ .

-~~~~~~~~~~~~~ \xmfsLf OCKAe

41~~~~~.

/Mole: Ho/es numbered consecufivel/y a 500 Moo /imols of Old Pit

17/,less shown o/herwise SCale ln Peer'

Alfoified frot Alpsh y 6eolopceal S4rvey

Figure 3. Drill map of First Chance and Cape Creeks.
aa~r

0 /000 2000

5ca/e in Fe e

LModzifled fron-m m A ,o by 6eo/og3ica/ Survey

Figure 4. - Drill map of Granite Creek.
Line e

Line 4

Line S

Line 2

Wod,/ied fro-77 Mw y N|

Ceo/c ~ cal/ur VSey

0 500 /000 /500 1

Figure 5. - Drill map of Goodwin Creek.
80

Reserves

/00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~0

jZO

to~~6

0~~~~~~~~~*

AO1cd 7

fea' 7'rL2,77 ' LI~S 

Oeo/o~',cQ/ SurveyA

Figure 6. -Drill map of Boulder Creek.
-- L. ir7its of 2em er5evs 5ca/e n c

AVfodif/cd Arorn Mops by 6eol/o91c/ Survey

Figure 7. - Drill map of Village Creek, Cape Mountain placer district.
R. I.i 4345

Preliminary panning was done -at the drills by skilled Eskimo panners. High.recovery was obtained onl a low-grade concentrate. Final cleaning of

the concentrate was done by the sample Nforeman, who panned the rejected

portions of the tailing to see that no tin was lost. TWo composite samples of all concentrates above and below average weights were made for each creek.

Tin analyses for the two composite samples were used for reducing weights of

concentrates to weights of tin., Tablq I nnarizes the results of concentrate analyses.t

TABLE 1. Tin Analyses of Composite Placer Samples

- (Analy sis at Bureau of, MIiije Laboratory, Rolla, Mo.)

Source of sample 1Tin, percent

Boulder Creek composite of samples under 1.50 oz. ........... 46.45

Boulder Creek composite-of samles over 1.50. oz.. ............. 59.77

First Chance Creek cozposite of samples under' 0.45 oz.

(under average) ..... 56.60

First Chance Creek composite of oamplos over 0.45 oz.

(above average) .... ....... 62.25

Cape Creek composite'of samples xnder 0.90 oz. (undbr average) 54.95

Cape Creek composite of samples over 0.90 oz. (above average). 62.75

Goodwin Creek composite of samples above average .... ......... 59.80

Goodwin Creek composite of samples below average ... ,........ 57.25

Formulas Hs used, in calculating the 'churn-drill holes are as follows:

(Wt. of concentrate, grams)(27) tin in conc.,percent lb. of tin a cu. yd.

(Volwrb bf P.H..) (P.53.6)

Where, ff_ = 0.0595,

27 = number of cubic feet in a.cubic yard,

455.6 .b number of grams in 1 pound avoidupois.

The term "pay horizon" (P.H.) used herein is the vertical section of

each drill hole in which concentrckta~blz tin was f'ound.

The term "mining section" (M.S.) is used herein to designate the material

in the vertical section of each drill ho le that would-be sluiced to obtain

en efficient recovery of tin concentrate. The mining section, in this case, includos all the gravel and a miniom of l-foot of bedrock.

The value of the mining section for each drill hole was calculated as

follows:

(Depth of P.IH.)(lb. of tin a cu. yd. in pay horizon) = lb. of tin a cu. yd. M.S.

(Depth of M.S.)

Where casing was used, the area of the drive shoe was used to calculate

volumes. No adjustments of thawed volumes to frozen volumes were madeA Water

measured volumes were used for calculating frozen holes.

2485 7-
R. I. 4345

APPENDIX I

T-ABLE 3. - Sumaaxy of DrilJ.ing Results

GAPE CRE:

(Fig. 2)

Total Over- Bedrock ,Tin.in z Con. a. Tin a Thawed

Line R Hole j depth, ' burden, Gravel, P.H.,' M.S., M.S.) COrc.,' CU. yd,, Cu. yd., or

numnber or ofiet I foet J.eet feet feet, f'et perentri lb. lb. .'rozen

A I 18.5 1 5. 2.0 1.1 3 50 9 0.10 Tb.

2 11.0 .0 9.5 10.0 1.0 10.5 f2.75 1.11 .70 mb.

i1 1 !7.75 5.0 .o . -.0 w' .o 00- .00 .00 Fr.

2 |f5jo , *5 0 f 3.° | .0 .0 4.Qo 54.95, ,23 .13 Th.

3 7.5 ! 4. 3.01 .0 5.5 1 54.- t..55 .30 Tb 4 1 10.0 .0 8.5 1 ,.o 1.0. 9.-S 62.75 1.80 1.13 Th. - 5 |}18.o0 2.5 14.5 14.0 "1.0 15.5 . 62.75 1 3.74 2.35 - Thb.

:- .6 1 20.5 *. 2.5 17.0 i 13.5 1.0 ,18.0 !54.95 I 39 .21 Th.

2 1 } 13.0 3.0 i 8.0 9.1g .o 9.0 54.95 .235 .13 Th, i 2 1 17.5 8.5 7.5 5.5 1.0 8.5 62.75 ! 24.82 115.57 Tb. . 3 } 19.5 12.5 4.5 , 4. .o ;.1i 62.75 6,69 4.20 Th.

-4 1 20.0 3.0 01.O 9.0 1.0 17.0 54.95 -. 38 .21 I T.

3 t 1 , 25.0 . 17.0. 22.0 54. .42 .23 Th.

: 21 : 24.0 1 4.0 18.5 18.0l.0 .19515 4 1 .95i .37 .20 Th.

s t I 24.2 2.0 22.0 16.0 11.0 2,.0 ,62.73 .53 -.33 Tb.

.4 1 4 j 3 5 ,° 3.5 ! 7.0 1 6 .o 1.o clay 8.0 62.751 2.87 1.80 Th.

{ 5- { 22.0 . o 5.0 11.0 clay 6.5 54.95 1 83 | *46 Tb.

6 14.5 3.0 1 3.0 3.0 1.0 Oclayl 4.0 54.95 .44 .24 Th.

7 12.0 . 6.o s5.o . 0o .0 i race .00 Fr.

2485 -8 -

a ...~~~~
.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.

R. I. -4345

TABLE 3. - Summary of Drilling Results (Contc,'cd)

'- ' . ' ,CAPE CPJM

* ~ . . (Figs 2 - cont'.d.)

! ,\Tota2l Ov.er- Bedrockj Tin in Conc. a Tin a Thawed

Eine , Eole I depth, burierni , Gravel, P.H., i M.. .,I conc., cu. yd., cu. yd., or

number number eet ieet - *eet *.feet e f eeteet percent ! lb. lb. frozen

5 t 1 16.5. t .0 15.5 11.0 1.01 16.5 54.95 .42 1 .23 ' Fr.

| 2 14.5 j 4.5 475 7.5 i 1.0 , 8.5 62.75 1.99 1.25 Fr4

I 3 1440 3.0 9.5 7.0 .0- 10.5 62.75 i 1.04 .65 Th.

4 16.5 15.5 8.5 12.0 13.5 .12. 62.75 1.11 .70 Fr.

5 13.01 4.0 | 8.0 7-0 I 0| 9.0 | 54.95 .27 . .15 Th.

6 1 20.0 , 4.5 .14.0o, 14.5 ! .0 15.0 62.75 2.64 1.65 Th.

2 23.2 3.5 j17.5 I 17.25 1.0 18.5 62.75 3.28 2.06 IF.

3 13.5 7.0 5,5 5.5 1.0 6.51 54.95 i 33 .18 Th.

2485 -9-
R.I . 4345

TPBLE 4. - Summary of Drilling Results

GPANITE 0PEEK

(Fig. 3)

Total I Over- I Bedrock Tin in Cone. a i Tin a Thawed

Line Hole depth, burden Gravel, P.H., M.S., 4.8., !conc., cu. yd., cu. yd., or

number number feet feet feet feet feet ,et percent lb. lb. frozen

1 1 1aI< 8.0 0.0 7.0 00.o I 0.0 .o 0.0 0.0 Th,

RL 90 . 8.0 i .0 0 .0 G | 0 Th.

30 P.0 .0 .0 .0 0 ,v Fr;

1 4ML g 6.: t s.o .o 0 .0 ,o .o - *0 .0 Th.

1 IL lo 10.5 , . ,I .o Tr. .0 Th. 7.0 8s5 2-IL .0 1 8.0 1 . 0 .0 Tr. I ..0 Th.

3 bLL 7-0 . ot . b. o ' . 1 Th.

.0~~~~. i 4 ILi . 6.5 -3.0 I 2.0 .0 'O -.,0 . .0 ; .P Th.;

2 1 LLI lO4Sf .0 8.5 .0 .0 .0, j Tri Fr.-

1 2 LL 9 0 .0 30 .0 I i .Q .0 Tr. .0 j Th.

l E !18.0 4.0 | 3.0 0 .0 .0 . ! Fr.

i 2 iKL | 6.5 i 6.0 j .0 i .° .0 , .01 i| .0 , .0 I Fr. .. ! I l . x l! I j . .

3 11 6.5 , 4.C 2.0 .0 | .0 .0° .0 .0 Fr.

2RL 10.0 5.5 4.0 .0 ,0 .0 ! Tr. .0 Fr,

, i LI 9.5 4.t5 I 4.0 , .o0¢ .o0 '.o Tr. I .0 1 Fr. .0~~~~~~~~- . r 2LL 10.0 5 .0 0 .0 ..0 Tr. .0 Fr.

70 4.0 .0 .0 .0 LL 11.0 20 !0 3.0 i . .0 .0 .0 Fr. 

4 j1 R: l.0 2. . '70 .0 .C .0 'Tr. .C Fr.

1Ll 8.0 .0 70 i .O .0 .0 Tr. 0 Fr. .0~~~~~~~~. r j 2 LL I 14.5 4.0 3 0 .0 0 .0 Fr.

35L L i 9.0 4.0_4.0 .0 .o0 ' .0o .. Fr.

2485 -10-
P.r Iw 4345

TABLE 5. -Sunm~±ry of Drilling Results

GOODWIN C PI22

(Fig. 4+)

Total~ Over- Bec3droc Tin in Cone. a TiajThawed.

Line Hlole I depth, burden, Gravel, .. M.S., M.S, coflc. 3 C.yd., c. , o

numaber Inumb er f Cet feet 1feet -feet ifeet feet .percent, lb, lb. f fro zen,

2 ~~64.5 - .0,1-I 1. *0 .5.5 F .>Q..0 0.05- Fr.

2. 57.25 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~1.5Th. 6.5s 5.0o 212.5 -.1o 5.30 59. 8012 ,7.74 T.

4 6.O~ 5.0' 0 .0 .03 0 .t.Tr'..0 Fr.

s 4.,o' ?sfoj -..O 0..0 .O . 1Tr., .00Th I I 0 Th..1 

2 F1 I5.0! .0 4.o 1 4.0 1. .:5.5 16 09 Th 9.0 . O i 5 4.0 . O~~~~~, .0 ' . .O'0 .5-0 I0'~ 1.5 j6..o 5.0O 2.0 V.0' .0T. 0 F

6.0 2.01 :"K :.0!.~ .0 Fr.

11.'O 10.01 .0., 0 ,*O '0.00 Fr.

5 1 ~~~~~~12.0 1 9.0~ 1.0 .0 10 0 -Tr. K 00 'Fr.

2 11~l.~5 70A4.0 I.20 10 5.0 721.0 .921 Fr.

5 '(.0 .014~~~ ~~~~ .0 ~~~~ 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~4.0 501503 '4241*~5 r

4 ~~~7.5 2.,5. " rDo .5.ois7.2I:2 'Fr Th

4 1 1 10~~~~~0~~ 2.50 0.0 I I~ 200 Ti57 Fr 4 ~75! 525 2.0 .0 0 4.0 T.2 .00 hr

7.50 5 .5 2.1 ' o Tr. .00 Fr.

s 1 75~ s5 2.0TrFr

2 9.017e 3.0 2.0.01 :0 :0 1 T'I .00 Fr,

3 79 5 .00 2j .O .0 Tr., .00 Th.-

7-5 3 5 2.0 0O F0rT' b 9~.Of 4.0, I .0 .00 Fr- F I~~~~~~~~- I0 I r

6 1 7,of 2.0~ 5.0 1s*3 1.0 4.0157.25; ,45 26 jTh,

2 i10.0~ 2. 2,5I5 . 0 .0 .01 Tr. .00 Th.

3 9.0 I 5.01 3.0 2.0 io 4.0 57.25 *731 .421 Fr.

24,85 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ -1
IRI. 4345

* ~~~~TABLE 6. - umnmary Og Drilling IResults

BOULDER CBEM

* - ~~~~~~~(Fig;~5

I Total Over-1 Bedrock iTin in Cono. a Tin a Thawed.

Line Hole Idepth, burden, Gravel,l! P.H. . 1 , MS, oe~Ic.y.. ou. yd.., or

nuaab er ntumber. Leet .eetj feeot. f Leet feet feet percent lb. _lb. frozen

-- H~~3R .13.8. 4 .0. 8 2f 6.5' l. 9.5 46 4~~ 0.91! 0 Th.

Pai 14.5 55 Q 0 59.77 5.30 Tb..

1 ~~~ A ).O 80' ~~~~~~ 6.~ 1.0 . 97 2.19 1.1 Th.

15.5 3.0 8' 9I 97

:19.62 C.OJ ~~~6.o . . . 46 45 .85h .

2 5~~~L 16.61 92.0< 46 . 1.0 7;; 6;8 5 .

2 ~~ 5.0 17.5 10:0 I 9.5 1.0 11.0 ~~~~46.,59.. 4.4 28 Th..

lEL'18.5 2~~5,.5 1. 128 .0 11.0j 4977 .84 .2

PI6.1 0< 150 1.0 .1 6 59 ;77 1.57 89 Th. I lLL 114.8 .1 5. 00 9.5. 104~~.2i .5 r

I I.~50<~6 . .0 66164 1.22 1l12 Th.

~/1 a 83 2.5 l21. 10.8 1.o 14.o504.-777) .4! m

4: F2 21.5 60< 140 1l2.0 1.0 15.0! 594-77 1.'0 I3 '87 Tb.

5PL 19.,) 50 10 116.0 46i45 12.6 .03 Th.

'2 L .24.'00 5.5' 16 18 C2 1.0 60.65 46.45~ .~222 Th.

2-1/ 6 2.5 ~~125. 14. 0Ci 1.9 14.0 46 1.07 ! .54 Th.

PIL 16.0 1.0 10 15?0.. I 3~ i6.45~ 64193f b

'i 20.2 5.0 14.2 4.~~~~~~1 G 1.0 150464.42 .20 Th.

2L 22.5 I6.0 1I . 1.0 17.0 .60.299Tb

15. 6 15.6 . 60 5 h

3 R 19o 4-.0 25.8.050 5,9.77.8.0 T.

2 L 21.5 i K 1J... 15 1.0 22.,5 465.77 1.70 1.02 '1 Th.

6 19.5 17.5!~0 17.5 1.0 18. 5' 59.7 159 . 9 Thm.

_____ 7~L 186 40 14.0 j 10.0 1'.0 15.0 o46.7 i 1.59 .95 Th.

2485 0215 4- . -12- 5 -6,4 2 2 h

p 15
R. i. 4345

TABLE 7. - Summary of Drilling Results

VILLAGE CREE1:

-(Fig. 6)

Total Over Bedrock Tin in Cone. a Tin a Thawed

Line Role depth, burden, Gravei P.E., M.S.,j cone., cu. yd.., cu. yd.,' or

nu mber1 number! feet I feet feet eet feet percent lb. lb. frozen

1 1 24.0 1 RL 1 3.0 20.0 18.0 1.0 P12.0 - . 0.18 1.. i Th.

i 1 22,5 .0 21.5 j 21.5 1.0 22.5 .24. Th.

1LL1 22.5 .0 16.0 .17.0 1.0 1 17.0 .35 1T

2 1 0 1156.0 0 9155 .9.0 1.0 16.5: .10 .

l LL 1530 .0 13.0. 12.0 1.0 1 14.0 .12! Th.

2LL 14,0 4.0: 8.0 9.0 1.0 . . .35 Th*

5 0G 12.0! .0 11.0 11.0 1.0 12.0k .16I I Th.

I 1 L1 18.0 7.0 10.0 10.0 - i.0 11.0 .20 j Th.

2 LL 15.0 14.0 .0 .0 0 U ,0 .00 i F r.

4 0 : 13.0 .0 12.0- 12.0 K 1.0 13.0 .09 - r I Th.

2485 -.135-
R. I. 4345

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. CHAPIN, THEODORE. Placer Mining on Seward Peninsula, Alaska.

Geol,- Survey Bull. 592, 1913, pp. 385-395.

2. COLLIER, A. J. Recent Development of Alaskan Tin Deposits. Geol,

Survey Bull. 259, 1905, pp. 120-127.

3. EAKIN, H. M. Tin Mining in Alaska. Geol. Survey Bull 622, 1915

pp. 81-94.

4. HARRINGTON, G. L. Tin Mining in Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Gool.

Survey Bull. 692, 1919, pp. 353-361.

5. HEIDE, H. E. Lost River Tin Mine, Seward Peninsula, Alaska, Bureau

of Mines R. I. 3902, 1946, 57 pp.

6. HEIDE, H. E., WRIGHT, W. S., and SANFORD, R. S., Exploration of Cape

Mountain Lode-Tin Deposits, Seward Peninsula, Alaska. Bureau of Mines

Rept. of Investigations 3978, 1946, 16 pp.

7. HESS, F. L. The York Tin Region. Geol. Survey Bull.. 284, 1996,

pp. 145-157.

8. XNOOPF ADOLPH. Geology of the Seward Peninsula Tin Deposits, Alaska.

Gool. Survey ftll. 358, 1908, 71 pp.

9. MERTIE, J. B., JR. Lode Mining and Prospeoting oh Seward Peninsula,

Alaska. Geol. Survey Bull. 662 1917, pp. 425-449, Placer Mining on

Seward Peninsula, pp. 451-458.

10. STEIDTMANN, EDWARD, AND PATHPART, S. H. Geology of the York Tin Depostis,

Alaska. Geol. Survey Bull. 733, 1922, 130 pp.

2485 -14