PUB.

(ENROUTE)

SAILING DIRECTIONS

★

★

2010

174

STRAIT OF MALACCA 

AND SUMATERA

Prepared and published by the

NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

Bethesda, Maryland

© COPYRIGHT 2010 BY THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

NO COPYRIGHT CLAIMED UNDER TITLE 17 U.S.C.

ELEVENTH EDITION

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office

Internet: http://bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512-1800; DC area (202) 512-1800

Fax: (202) 512-2250 Mail Stop: SSOP, Washington, DC 20402-0001
II

Pub. 174

Preface

0.0 Pub. 174, Sailing Directions (Enroute) Strait of Malacca and

Sumatera, Eleventh Edition, 2010, is issued for use in conjunction with Pub. 160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South

Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean. The companion volumes are

Pubs. 171, 172, 173, and 175.

0.0 Digital Nautical Charts 3 and 4 provide electronic chart coverage for the area covered by this publication. 

0.0 This publication has been corrected to 4 September 2010, including Notice to Mariners No. 36 of 2010.

Explanatory Remarks

0.0 Sailing Directions are published by the National GeospatialIntelligence Agency (NGA), under the authority of Department

of Defense Directive 5105.40, dated 12 December 1988, and

pursuant to the authority contained in U. S. Code Title 10,

Sections 2791 and 2792 and Title 44, Section 1336. Sailing

Directions, covering the harbors, coasts, and waters of the

world, provide information that cannot be shown graphically

on nautical charts and is not readily available elsewhere.

0.0 Sailing Directions (Enroute) include detailed coastal and

port approach information which supplements the largest scale

chart produced by the National Geospatial-Intelligence

Agency. This publication is divided into geographic areas

called “Sectors.”

0.0 Bearings.—Bearings are true, and are expressed in degrees

from 000° (north) to 360°, measured clockwise. General

bearings are expressed by initial letters of points of the compass (e.g. N, NNE, NE, etc.). Adjective and adverb endings

have been discarded. Wherever precise bearings are intended

degrees are used.

0.0 Charts.—Reference to charts made throughout this publication refer to both the paper chart and the Digital Nautical

Chart (DNC).

0.0 Coastal Features.—It is assumed that the majority of ships

have radar. Available coastal descriptions and views, useful for

radar and visual piloting are included in geographic sequence

in each Sector.

0.0 Corrective Information.—Users should refer corrections,

additions, and comments to NGA’s Maritime Operations Desk,

as follows: 

0.0 1. Toll free: 1-800-362-6289

0.0 2. Commercial: 301-227-3147

0.0 3. DSN: 287-3147

0.0 4. DNC web site: http://www.nga.mil/NGAPortal/

DNC.portal

0.0 5. Maritime Do0.0 main web site: http://www.nga.mil/NGAPortal/

MSI.portal

0.0

0.0 6. E-mail: navsafety@nga.mil

0.0 7. Mailing address: Maritime Domain

0.0 National Geospatial-Intelligence

0.0 Agency

Mail Stop D-44

0.0 4600 Sangamore Road

0.0 Bethesda MD 20816-5003

0.0 New editions of Sailing Directions are corrected through the

date of the publication shown above. Important information to

amend material in the publication is available as a Publication

Digital Update (PDU) from the NGA Maritime Domain website.

0.0NGA Maritime Domain Website

http://www.nga.mil/NGAPortal/MSI.portal

0.0

0.0 Courses.—Courses are true, and are expressed in the same

manner as bearings. The directives “steer” and “make good” a

course mean, without exception, to proceed from a point of

origin along a track having the identical meridianal angle as the

designated course. Vessels following the directives must allow

for every influence tending to cause deviation from such track,

and navigate so that the designated course is continuously

being made good.

0.0 Currents.—Current directions are the true directions toward

which currents set.

0.0 Dangers.—As a rule outer dangers are fully described, but

inner dangers which are well-charted are, for the most part,

omitted. Numerous offshore dangers, grouped together, are

mentioned only in general terms. Dangers adjacent to a coastal

passage or fairway are described.

0.0 Distances.—Distances are expressed in nautical miles of 1

minute of latitude. Distances of less than 1 mile are expressed

in meters, or tenths of miles.

0.0 Geographic Names.—Geographic names are generally

those used by the nation having sovereignty. Names in parentheses following another name are alternate names that may

appear on some charts. In general, alternate names are quoted

only in the principal description of the place. Diacritical marks,

such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to

specific letters in certain foreign languages, are not used in the

interest of typographical simplicity. Geographic names or their

spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political

status of an area by the United States Government.

0.0 Heights.—Heights are referred to the plane of reference

used for that purpose on the charts and are expressed in meters.

0.0 Index-Gazetteer.—Navigational features and place-names

are listed alphabetically in the back of the book. The approximate position, along with the Sector and paragraph numbers

(e.g. 1.1), facilitate location in the text.

0.0 Internet Links.—This publication provides internet links to

web sites concerned with maritime navigational safety, including but not limited to, Federal government sites, foreign Hydrographic Offices, and foreign public/private port facilities.

NGA makes no claims, promises, or guarantees concerning the

accuracy, completeness, or adequacy of the contents of the web

sites and expressly disclaims any liability for errors and omissions of these web sites.

0.0 Light and Fog Signals.—Lights and fog signals are not described, and light sectors are not usually defined. The Light

Lists should be consulted for complete information.

0.0 Ports.—Directions for entering ports are depicted where

appropriate by means of chartlets, sketches, and photos, which

facilitate positive identification of landmarks and navigational
III

 Pub. 174

aids. These chartlets and sketches are not always to scale, however, and should be used only as a general informational guide

in conjunction with the best scale chart. Specific port facilities

are omitted from the standard format. They are tabulated in

Pub. 150, World Port Index.

0.0 Radio Navigational Aids.—Radio navigational aids are not

described in detail. Publication No. 117 Radio Navigational

Aids and NOAA Publication, Selected Worldwide Marine

Broadcasts, should be consulted.

0.0 Soundings.—Soundings are referred to the datum of the

charts and are expressed in meters.

0.0 Special Warnings.—A Special Warning may be in force for

the geographic area covered by this publication. Special

Warnings are printed in the weekly Notice to Mariners upon

promulgation and are reprinted annually in Notice to Mariners

No. 1. A listing of Special Warnings currently in force is

printed in each weekly Notice to Mariners, Section III, Broadcast Warnings, along with the notice number of promulgation.

Special Warnings are also available on the Maritime Division

website.

0.0 Wind Directions.—Wind directions are the true directions

from which winds blow.

Reference List

0.0 The principal sources examined in the preparation of this

publication were:

0.0 British Hydrographic Department Sailing Directions.

0.0 Various port handbooks. 

0.0 Reports from United States Naval and merchant vessels and

various shipping companies.

0.0 Other U.S. Government publications, reports, and documents.

0.0 Charts, light lists, tide and current tables, and other documents in possession of the Agency.
Pub. 174 V

0.0SECTOR LIMITS — PUB. 174
Pub. 174 VI

Conversion Tables

Feet to Meters

Feet 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

 0 0.00 0.30 0.61 0.91 1.22 1.52 1.83 2.13 2.44 2.74

 10 3.05 3.35 3.66 3.96 4.27 4.57 4.88 5.18 5.49 5.79

 20 6.10 6.40 6.71 7.01 7.32 7.62 7.92 8.23 8.53 8.84

 30 9.14 9.45 9.75 10.06 10.36 10.67 10.97 11.28 11.58 11.89

 40 12.19 12.50 12.80 13.11 13.41 13.72 14.02 14.33 14.63 14.93

 50 15.24 15.54 15.85 16.15 16.46 16.76 17.07 17.37 17.68 17.98

 60 18.29 18.59 18.90 19.20 19.51 19.81 20.12 20.42 20.73 21.03

 70 21.34 21.64 21.95 22.25 22.55 22.86 23.16 23.47 23.77 24.08

 80 24.38 24.69 24.99 25.30 25.60 25.91 26.21 26.52 26.82 27.13

 90 27.43 27.74 28.04 28.35 28.65 28.96 29.26 29.57 29.87 30.17

Fathoms to Meters

Fathoms 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

 0 0.00 1.83 3.66 5.49 7.32 9.14 10.97 12.80 14.63 16.46

 10 18.29 20.12 21.95 23.77 25.60 27.43 29.26 31.09 32.92 34.75

 20 36.58 38.40 40.23 42.06 43.89 45.72 47.55 49.38 51.21 53.03

 30 54.86 56.69 58.52 60.35 62.18 64.01 65.84 67.67 69.49 71.32

 40 73.15 74.98 76.81 78.64 80.47 82.30 84.12 85.95 87.78 89.61

 50 91.44 93.27 95.10 96.93 98.75 100.58 102.41 104.24 106.07 107.90

 60 109.73 111.56 113.39 115.21 117.04 118.87 120.70 122.53 124.36 126.19

 70 128.02 129.85 131.67 133.50 135.33 137.16 138.99 140.82 142.65 144.47

 80 146.30 148.13 149.96 151.79 153.62 155.45 157.28 159.11 160.93 162.76

 90 164.59 166.42 168.25 170.08 171.91 173.74 175.56 177.39 179.22 181.05

Meters to Feet

Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

 0 0.00 3.28 6.56 9.84 13.12 16.40 19.68 22.97 26.25 29.53

 10 32.81 36.09 39.37 42.65 45.93 49.21 52.49 55.77 59.06 62.34

 20 65.62 68.90 72.18 75.46 78.74 82.02 85.30 88.58 91.86 95.14

 30 98.42 101.71 104.99 108.27 111.55 114.83 118.11 121.39 124.67 127.95

 40 131.23 134.51 137.80 141.08 144.36 147.64 150.92 154.20 157.48 160.76

 50 164.04 167.32 170.60 173.88 177.16 180.45 183.73 187.01 190.29 193.57

 60 196.85 200.13 203.41 206.69 209.97 213.25 216.54 219.82 223.10 226.38

 70 229.66 232.94 236.22 239.50 242.78 246.06 249.34 252.62 255.90 259.19

 80 262.47 265.75 269.03 272.31 275.59 278.87 282.15 285.43 288.71 291.99

 90 295.28 298.56 301.84 305.12 308.40 311.68 314.96 318.24 321.52 324.80

Meters to Fathoms

Meters 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

 0 0.00 0.55 1.09 1.64 2.19 2.73 3.28 3.83 4.37 4.92

 10 5.47 6.01 6.56 7.11 7.66 8.20 8.75 9.30 9.84 10.39

 20 10.94 11.48 12.03 12.58 13.12 13.67 14.22 14.76 15.31 15.86

 30 16.40 16.95 17.50 18.04 18.59 19.14 19.68 20.23 20.78 21.33

 40 21.87 22.42 22.97 23.51 24.06 24.61 25.15 25.70 26.25 26.79

 50 27.34 27.89 28.43 28.98 29.53 30.07 30.62 31.17 31.71 32.26

 60 32.81 33.36 33.90 34.45 35.00 35.54 36.09 36.64 37.18 37.73

 70 38.28 38.82 39.37 39.92 40.46 41.01 41.56 42.10 42.65 43.20

 80 43.74 44.29 44.84 45.38 45.93 46.48 47.03 47.57 48.12 48.67

 90 49.21 49.76 50.31 50.85 51.40 51.95 52.49 53.04 53.59 54.13
VII Pub. 174

Abbreviations

The following abbreviations may be used in the text:

Units

°C degree(s) Centigrade km kilometer(s)

cm centimeter(s) m meter(s)

cu.m. cubic meter(s) mb millibars

dwt deadweight tons MHz megahertz

FEU forty-foot equivalent units mm millimeter(s)

grt gross registered tons nrt net registered tons

kHz kilohertz TEU twenty-foot equivalent units

Directions

N north S south

NNE northnortheast SSW southsouthwest

NE northeast SW southwest

ENE eastnortheast WSW westsouthwest

E east W west

ESE eastsoutheast WNW westnorthwest

SE southeast NW northwest

SSE southsoutheast NNW northnorthwest

Vessel types

LASH Lighter Aboard Ship ro-ro Roll-on Roll-off

LNG Liquified Natural Gas ULCC Ultra Large Crude Carrier

LPG Liquified Petroleum Gas VLCC Very Large Crude Carrier

OBO Ore/Bulk/Oil

Time

ETA estimated time of arrival GMT Greenwich Mean Time

ETD estimated time of departure UTC Coordinated Universal Time

Water level

MSL mean sea level LWS low water springs

HW high water MHWN mean high water neaps

LW low water MHWS mean high water springs

MHW mean high water MLWN mean low water neaps

MLW mean low water MLWS mean low water springs

HWN high water neaps HAT highest astronomical tide

HWS high water springs LAT lowest astronomical tide

LWN low water neaps

Communications

D/F direction finder MF medium frequency

R/T radiotelephone HF high frequency

GMDSS Global Maritime Distress and Safety System VHF very high frequency

LF low frequency UHF ultra high frequency

Navigation

LANBY Large Automatic Navigation Buoy SPM Single Point Mooring

NAVSAT Navigation Satellite TSS Traffic Separation Scheme

ODAS Ocean Data Acquisition System VTC Vessel Traffic Center

SBM Single Buoy Mooring VTS Vessel Traffic Service

Miscellaneous

COLREGS Collision Regulations

IALA International Association of Lighthouse

Authorities

No./Nos.

PA

Number/Numbers

Position approximate

IHO International Hydrographic Office PD Position doubtful

IMO International Maritime Organization Pub. Publication

loa length overall St./Ste. Saint/Sainte
Pub. 174 IX

Contents

Preface. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . II

Chartlet—Sector Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V

Conversion Tables. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VI

Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . VII

Sector 1

The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Sector 2

The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Sector 3

The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Sector 4

The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Sector 5

The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Sector 6

West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

Sector 7

West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

Sector 8

East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait via Outer and Inner Routes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Sector 9

Singapore Strait and Approaches, including Singapore Island, Singapore Road, Keppel Harbor, and Johor Strait . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Glossaries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157

Index—Gazetteer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161
1

Pub. 174

1. 

The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang

1.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 1 — CHART INFORMATION
3

Pub. 174

SECTOR 1 

THE STRAIT OF MALACCA—KO PHUKET TO PULAU PINANG

1.0 Plan.—This sector describes the E shore of the Strait of Malacca and off-lying islands from Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang

(Penang). The descriptive sequence is N to S and W to E. 

General Remarks

1.1 Winds—Weather.—Along the N coast of Sumatera,

the Southwest Monsoon prevails from about April to November and the Northeast Monsoon from about November to April.

During the Southwest Monsoon the wind frequently holds both

day and night near Ujung Raya, while farther E it is not so permanent.

1.1 In the strength of the Northeast Monsoon, the wind blows

from E to NE from about 1000 to 1600, strengthening near the

close. It then begins to drop and is usually calm about sundown; there is a land breeze during the night. In April, SW and

W winds begin; the Southwest Monsoon is established in May.

Waterspouts are seen off the coast at times.

1.1 At the N and NE portion of Sumatra, during the Northeast

Monsoon, there is generally a swell on the coast, which gives

rise to a considerable sea in the afternoon, if accompanied by a

stiff sea breeze. Both subside quickly, so that the water is generally smooth at night and in the forenoon. 

1.1 At times, the monsoon blows strongly for some days, at

which times communication with the shore is reported impracticable. December and January, are usually the worst months.

The Southwest Monsoon is the best for landing on this portion

of Sumatera. 

1.1 Although the Strait of Malacca is within the limits of the NE

and Southwest Monsoon of the Indian Ocean, on account of

the high land on either of the strait, the winds are variable.

However, land and sea breezes are regular on both coasts. 

1.1 In the offing, the monsoons are regular when they are at their

height in the adjacent sea; even then the wind is moderate in

the strait, and only lasts during a part of the day. The monsoon

becomes more regular near Singapore.

1.1 Between Ug Raya and Ko Phuket, the Southwest Monsoon

commences in the latter part of April or the early part of May,

and ceases in October. In November there are calms and variables, and W winds frequently prevail.

1.1 The Southwest Monsoon seldom blows far into the strait. In

the middle of the strait during this season, variable winds,

chiefly those from SE and SW, prevail with long calms. On the

Sumatra side, light winds and calms prevail, and heavy squalls

from the land are experienced during the night. On the Malaya

side there are fewer calms and seldom any squalls. Variable

winds or land and sea breezes are experienced.

1.1 During the Southwest Monsoon the weather is generally

cloudy and stormy, especially when the monsoon is at its

height.

1.1 Sumatras or squalls from the SW are more common during

the Southwest Monsoon than in the Northeast Monsoon. They

generally blow during the first part of the night and are sometimes sudden and severe accompanied by thunder, lightning,

and rain. 

1.1 They are more frequently met with on the N coast of Sumatera and on the Malaya coast between Port Kelang and Karimum Island. They often blow for 6 to 8 hours at a time as a

strong or moderate gale. Their characteristic is that of an arch

squall.

1.1 Northwesters are not so frequently felt as the Sumatras; they

are most common during the Southwest Monsoon and occur in

the NW part of the strait between Ug Raya and North Sands,

but sometimes blow through as far as Singapore Strait. These

winds are sometimes severe at their commencement, but their

strength soon abates. They are generally preceded by black

cloud arch, which rises rapidly from the horizon toward the zenith. They are sometimes accompanied by lightning, thunder,

and heavy rain.

1.1 The Northeast Monsoon prevails in the W entrance of the

Strait of Malacca from November to April. The weather is

more settled then and there are seldom any hard squalls. There

is less thunder and lighting and much less rain than in the other

seasons.

1.1 In November, the winds are variable, frequently from the

NW and W, although occasionally the NE winds set in November. From this period to March the Northeast Monsoon is strongest, but at times NW and W winds of one or two days duration

have been experienced in every month when the Northeast

Monsoon should prevail. Late in March the NE and N winds

become light and variable, with strong land breeze at night. On

the Malayan side these breezes commence between 2000 and

2200 and may last 4 to 5 hours and sometimes all night.

1.1 The E coast between Tanjung Jambuair and Belawan is not

so much under the influence of the prevailing monsoon as the

direction of wind. The broad plains at the foot of the high

mountains being most favorable to the regularity of land and

sea breezes. The wind is generally NE by day and SW by night

all the year round on the coast. During the Northeast Monsoon,

NE winds are most prevalent in January, February and March. 

1.1 Northwest winds sometimes occur at night in February and

March but they are infrequent compared with the winds from

W and SW.

1.1 Throughout the year NW and SW winds are observed at uncertain periods for several days at a times and generally accompanied by fine weather. Sumatras are more frequent here than

on the N coast.

1.1 Rain occurs in every month of the year in Sumatra. The period of greater or less rainfall on the N half of the island does not

correspond with the period of the monsoons. There is, however, a certain regularity in the increase and decrease of the proportion of wet days in the course of the year.

1.1 The greatest rainfall on the N coast of Sumatera and the offlying island usually occurs in the months of October and November. The rainfall on the off-lying islands is about double

that on the N coast.

1.1 Off the E coast of Sumatera, the rainfall is heaviest in November and December.
4 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

1.1 At Ko Phuket, in the N entrance to the Strait of Malacca, the

monsoons are more regular than at the Straits Settlements. The

Northeast Monsoon sets in December, with strong gales from

the NE to NW, accompanied by lightning, and continues until

March; this is the dry monsoon. 

1.1 In March, the monsoon is reported to be considerably weak,

with occasional squalls. April is the change to winds from W to

N, with heavy squalls. 

1.1 The burst of the Southwest Monsoon occurs early in May. It

has fairly set in by June and heavy squalls and rain are frequent. It continues, with many days rain and as many days fine,

until October. November is variable with heavy squalls from all

quarters. 

1.1 The maximum daily rain per month occurs in the month of

August. In January and the early part of February there is little

or no rain.

1.1 In Pulau Pinang, the prevailing winds from January to June

are NE and NW. During the latter half of the year NW winds

predominate.

1.1 Tides—Currents.—In the Strait of Malacca to the W of the

islands N of the N Sumatera coast, there is a current setting in a

W direction, often attaining a rate of 1.5 to 2 knots, and inclining N or SW by the action of the prevailing monsoon. 

1.1 Between these islands and the Nicobars, during the strength

even of the Southwest Monsoon, there is frequently a current

that sets directly into the monsoon at a rate of 2 knots.

1.1 At the same period there is said to be a strong current between Pulau Weh and 6°30'N, setting E as far as the meridian

of Tanjung Jambuair. This current is said to continue all the

year around, but with less strength during the Northeast Monsoon. It is to be regarded as a countercurrent with reference to

the W current along the coast from the Strait of Malacca.

1.1 Through the Strait of Malacca there is a constant NW set, but

near the S, where the strait is considerably narrower, it is only

felt by its action on the tidal current, decreasing the velocity of

the flood current and almost overcoming it during neaps, and

increasing that of the ebb to the same extent.

1.1 In the NW portion the same effect is produced near the shore

on the tidal currents, but out in the middle of the strait it is fairly constant and strongest during the Northeast Monsoon; it finally makes its way seaward along the coast and affects the

tidal current there, as above mentioned. 

1.1 The tidal action is not appreciable beyond the distance of

about 8 miles off the Pedir coast and about 40 miles off the E

coast of Sumatera.

1.1 The flood sets E on the N coast of Sumatera and the ebb W,

rarely exceeding 2 knots at spring; at neaps they are sometimes

imperceptible, except at the points or over banks and narrow

channels.

1.1 The currents are also affected by the constant current out of

the Strait of Malacca, which takes a W direction along the N

coast, through the passages S of Pulau Weh, so that for the

greater part of the year the ebb current is longer and stronger

than the flood current. 

1.1 The prevailing winds as a result of which, when the water is

rising or falling during the Northeast Monsoon, there may be

no E set for a day or more; conversely, the flood or E current

runs long and stronger during the Southwest Monsoon.

The Strait of Malacca

1.2 The Strait of Malacca is defined as the area lying between the W coasts of Thailand and Malaysia on the NE and

the coast of Sumatera on the SW side. Singapore Strait is the

area lying between the S coasts of Malaysia and Singapore Island on the N side and the coast of Sumatera on the S side. 

1.2 The Strait of Malacca and Singapore Strait together form the

main seaway connecting the Indian Ocean with the South China Sea. The straits offer the shortest route for tankers between

the Persian Gulf and Japan. 

Winds—Weather.—The Strait of Malacca lies within the

equatorial region of low atmospheric pressure and has a typical

tropical climate. Typhoons are not experienced and gales are

infrequent. The climate of the region is monotonous and the

daily changes are more pronounced than seasonal variations.

The temperature and humidity are high throughout the year.

Waterspouts are common and when practicable a track well

clear of them should be chosen. 

1.2 The predominant winds over the Strait of Malacca are monsoon winds. The Northeast Monsoon blows from November to

March, reaching maximum strength and steadiness in January. 

1.2 Normal wind strength is 5 to 10 knots, but may reach 20 to

25 knots for short periods in the N part of the strait. The sea area NE of Singapore Strait is exposed, while in Singapore Strait,

it tends to be less pronounced with light and more variable

winds. The area between Sumatera and Thailand is well sheltered by the high ground to the E. The Southwest Monsoon

blows from May to September and reaches maximum strength

and steadiness in July and August. Normal wind strength is

about 10 knots, reaching 15 to 20 knots in the N approaches. 

1.2 Squalls are common in the Strait of Malacca, the most significant of which occur between April and November and are

referred to as Sumatras. These storms nearly always develop at

night and usually last between 1 and 4 hours. These squalls are

usually accompanied by thunderstorms and torrential rain.

Winds mainly between SW and NW become strong and gusty,

force 5 or 6, and may reach 7 to 8 for short periods. Southwesterly squalls occur in the N part of the Strait of Malacca during

the Southwest Monsoon. These squalls usually last longer than

Sumatras and occur during day or night. 

Tides—Currents.—The overall set in the strait is to the

NW, but from May to September there is a tendency for SE sets

to prevail in some N and central parts but the predominance is

very slight. On the average, between 50 and 60 per cent of all

current observations in the strait are 0.5 knot or less. A small

portion of these observations exceed 2 knots. 

1.2 In the N part of the strait, the general directions of the tidal

currents are SE and NW. The SE stream reaches maximum rate

about 1 hour prior to HW and the NW current reaches maximum rate about 1 hour before LW. 

1.2 In the main fairway, the spring rates are about 1.5 knots, but

may reach 2.5 to 3 knots in the more restricted channels and inshore waters. 

1.2 The tidal currents in the S end of the Strait of Malacca set SE

and NW to and from Selat Durian (1°00'N., 103°35'E.); they

are not necessarily associated with any particular currents and

may meet or separate from the latter S of Tanjung Piai

(1°16'N., 103°31'E.), the S extremity of the Malay Peninsula. 
Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 5

Pub. 174

Depths—Limitations.—The depths in the Strait of Malacca

are generally irregular and a considerable portion of the bottom

is of sand wave formation. Depths in the main shipping channels vary from 14.9 to over 100m. 

1.2 Dangerous sand banks which can restrict navigation are located in both traffic separation scheme lanes of One Fathom

Bank (2°53'N., 100°59'E.) and Fair Channel Bank (1°28'N.,

103°08'E.). 

1.2 Areas NW of One Fathom Bank and SW of Tanjung Tuan

(Cape Rachado) (2°24'N., 101°51'E.) are subject to sand wave

formation. Deep-draft vessels should, therefore, take particular

note of the latest depths over shoals lying in or near the fairway. 

1.2 The height of tides vary with the locality in the straits, as follows:

1. In the vicinity of One Fathom Bank—3.7m.

2. Off Melaka (2°12'N., 102°14'E.)—1.8m.

3. Off Pulau Iju Kecil (1°11'N., 103°21'E.)—2.6m.

4. In the vicinity of Horsburgh Light (1°20'N.,

104°24'E.)—1.6m.

1.2 Between Melaka and Pulau Iju Kecil, the range is greater on

the coast of Sumatera than on the Malaysian side. At the W entrance to the Strait of Malacca, the diurnal inequality is small,

but it increases steadily E. 

1.2 Since deep-draft vessels cannot avoid passing over certain

shoal areas, an accurate prediction of the height of the tide is

essential. 

Regulations.—An IMO-approved routing system is in effect

for the Strait of Malacca and Singapore Strait. It is comprised

of Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) and a Deep-Water Route,

as well as specific rules for navigating through the straits.

STRAITREP, a joint Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore mandatory ship reporting system, operates in the Strait of Malacca

and Singapore Strait. Further information can be found under

Singapore—Vessel Reporting System in Pub. 160, Sailing

Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian

Ocean. 

1.2 Caution.—Navigational aids are often unreliable, especially

in Indonesian waters. Risk of collision is appreciable due to

heavy traffic using the through routes, frequent crossing traffic,

and local fishing craft with nets. 

1.2 Vessels are warned that local traffic, which could be unaware

of the International Navigation Rules, may be encountered in

or near the TSS. They should therefore take the necessary precautions which may be required by the ordinary practice of

seaman or by the special circumstances of the case. 

1.2 The above factors make navigation through the straits difficult, particularly for deep-draft vessels. 

1.2 Additionally, reports continue to be received (2004) from

vessels and authorities of attacks by armed thieves in the Strait

of Malacca-Singapore Strait area, mainly in the vicinity of

Philip Channel (1°00'N., 103°40'E.). The attacks are usually

executed from fast power boats. 

1.2 Navigation through the strait is affected by a number of factors which, when combined with the increasing density of traffic, the strength of the tidal currents, and the numerous shoals,

makes navigation through the area difficult, particularly for

deep-draft vessels.

Ko Phuket

1.3 The coast between Ko Phuket and Pulau Pinang, 180

miles SSE, is generally low with some hills near the mountainous island of Pulau Langkawi. Islands and islets project widely

from the coast, fringed by a coastal bank covered by little water. The mouths of rivers are generally encumbered by bars. 

1.3 Ko Phuket, which is part of Thailand, is separated from the

W coast of the Malay Peninsula by the narrow channel Chong

Pak Phra (8°12'N., 98°17'E.). Phuket Island is irregularly

shaped, with a length of 26 miles N to S and an average width

of 8 miles E to W. Pantong Bay is located on the W side of the

island and Makham Bay is located on the SE side.

1.3 Chong Pak Phra has a length of 12 miles and a width of

about 0.4 mile at its W entrance. The land on both sides is

mostly low and wooded with several villages along both shores

of the channel. North of the channel are hills of moderate elevation. 

1.3 Tides—Currents.—The flood tide sets in from both ends of

Chong Pak Phra and meets about 3 miles E of the W entrance. 

1.3 The current is weak in the middle of the channel, but at the

W entrance, it sometimes attains a rate of 6 knots, and a velocity of 3 knots in the E entrance. 

1.3 Depths—Limitations.—The depth on the bar at the W entrance to Chong Pak Phra is subject to great changes, varying

from 1.8 to 5.5m. During the Southwest Monsoon, the sea

breaks across the W entrance, but during the Northeast Monsoon, the water is smooth. Chong Pak Phra should only be used

with local knowledge and by small craft. In the E entrance of

the strait there are several islets, with the innermost having a

height of 92m.

1.3 Anchorage.—Good anchorage may be obtained by vessels

with local knowledge, inside the bar at the W entrance, in a

depth of about 9.1m. 

1.4 The W side of Ko Phuket is indented by several bays

with anchorage depths, but none of these bays afford shelter

during the Southwest Monsoon. The N part of this coast except

for the first 7 miles, is low and wooded, and the hills immediately within it attain a height of 140 to 258m. Along the S part

of the W coast is a range of densely-wooded mountains, 305 to

559m high, sloping gradually at its N and S ends. 

1.4 Ko Waeo (8°02'N., 98°16'E.), two islets lying close together,

are located 0.75 mile W of the N entrance point of Ao Bang

Thao; the bay is entered 10 miles S of Chong Pak Phra. 

1.4 Ao Patong (7°54'N., 98°17'E.), a bay shaped like a horseshoe, is entered between two rocky peninsulas. Patong Bay offers excellent anchorage during the winter season which runs

from November through April. A Fleet Landing is established

at a temporary pier extending from the beach in the SE part of

the bay. Several hotels exist along the bay’s shores. A large hotel with a pier lies 2 miles E of the bay’s S entrance point. No

pilots are available. 

1.4 Anchorage may be taken about 1 mile W of the bay’s head,

in depths of 17 to 19m, sand and mud bottom. The several bays

on the W coast of Ko Phuket have suitable anchorage depths,

but do not afford protection during the Southwest Monsoon. 
6 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

Off-lying Islands South and East of Ko Phuket

1.5 Ko Racha Yai (7°36'N., 98°22'E.) is located 9 miles

S from Ko Phuket and the NE end is low. 

1.5 The cove located on the NW side of the island, has in its

middle part a depth of 16.5m, sand. A small cove indents the N

side of the island. Ko Racha Noi, located about 4 miles SSW of

Ko Racha Yai, are two densely wooded steep-to islands nearly

connected by a reef. The N island has a height of 176m. A reef

extends 183m S from the S extremity of the S island. 

1.5 Heavy overfalls are encountered in the passage between Ko

Racha Yai and Ko Racha Noi. A group of small islands lies

close S and SE of Ko Phuket. Ko Kaeo Yai is the island lying

about 0.6 mile S of Lam Phra Chao, the S extremity of Ko

Phuket. Ko Kaeo Noi, located 0.4 mile S of Ko Kaeo, is wooded and nearly as high as Ko Kaeo. A light is shown on Ko Kaeo

Noi. Ko Hi, an island 186m high, lies 4 miles E of Ko Kaeo

Noi. 

1.5 About 0.7 mile NE of Ko Hi is Ko Waeo (7°46'N., 98°24'E.)

and 1.7 miles WNW of Ko Hi is Ko Bon, 57m high. 

1.5 In the channels between the islands off the S side of Ko

Phuket, the tidal currents set E and W at a rate of 1 to 3 knots. 

1.5 Ko Mai Thon (7°45'N., 98°29'E.), located 6 miles ENE of

Ko Hi, is wooded and 91m high. The N extremity of the island

is low and sandy. Ko Doakmai, about 3 miles ENE of Ko Mai

Thon, is a small island rising perpendicularly to a height of

67m. This island is steep-to. Ko Kai, a small wooded island, is

located 8 miles E of Ko Mai Thon. It is steep-to, except on its E

side, where there is a depth of 14m. 

1.5 Ao Chalong, a shallow bay indenting the S side of Ko

Phuket, is 5 miles wide in the entrance. Ko Lon, an island with

a height of 267m, lies in the middle of the entrance. The channel on either side of Ko Lon can be used only by small craft. 

1.5 During the Southwest Monsoon, small vessels can obtain anchorage, in 6.9m, about 0.3 mile N of Ko Lon.

1.6 Laem Phan Wa (7°48'N., 98°25'E.), the SE point of

Ko Phuket, lies about 2 miles ESE of the E entrance point of

Ao Chalong. A light is shown about 0.2 mile SW of the point.

Makham Bay lies just NE of the point. 

Makham Bay (7°49'N., 98°25'E.) is located adjacent to the

commercial port of Phuket and is used for anchorage during

the Southwest Monsoon, which prevails during summer season

that runs from April through November. Ships anchor, in 12m,

with a soft bottom of unspecified holding quality. A Fleet

Landing is established at the NW corner of Ocean Terminal

Wharf.

1.6 Ko Taphao Yai (7°50'N., 98°25'E.), an island lying about 2

miles N of Laem Phan Wa, has a height of 112m. 

1.6 A reef fringes the island, and a rock marks the SE extremity

of this reef. Ko Taphao Noi, marked on its summit by a light

shown from a white brick tower, lies 0.2 mile NE of Ko Taphao

Yai. 

1.6 Caution.—It was recently reported that the light on Ko

Taphao Noi is obscured by trees and is difficult to see by day. 

1.6 A 4.6m rocky patch, swept to a depth of 4.3m and marked on

its NE side by a buoy, lies about 0.3 mile S of Ko Taphao Noi. 

1.7 Phuket Harbor (7°49'N., 98°24'E.) (World Port Index No. 49770) includes the deep-water Thaisarco Pier and the

new Ocean Terminal situated close N of Laem Kluei (7°49'N.,

98°24'E.) and the Shell Oil depot off Leam To Khun, about 0.5

mile further NNE. 

1.7 Phuket is a popular destination for cruise ships, debarking

450,000 passengers annually.

1.7 Winds—Weather.—The Northeast Monsoon occurs from

November to March, while the Southwest Monsoon occurs

from May to September. 

1.7 Tides—Currents.—The maximum tidal rise is reported to

be about 3.5m. Tidal currents rarely exceed 2.5 knots, although

a rate of 3 knots was reported (1998). The ebb current sets SW

and the flood current sets NE.

1.7 Depths—Limitations.—Thaisarco Pier extends E into the

channel from Laem Kluei. The pier face is 60m long, with an

alongside depth of 7.3m. The pier can accommodate a vessel

with a maximum length of 113m and a maximum draft of

Phuket Wharf

Phuket Wharf
Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 7

Pub. 174

6.7m. The new Ocean Terminal lies immediately NNW of

Thaisarco Pier. The terminal provides two berths, with a total

length of 360m and a minimum depth alongside of 9m. 

1.7 Both berthing areas are approached from the SE through a

120m wide buoyed channel which has been dredged to a depth

of 9m. A turning basin, 360m in diameter and also dredged to a

depth of 9m, lies close N of Ocean Terminal. 

1.7 Vessels with a maximum length of 190m, a maximum beam

of 25m, and a maximum draft of 9m can be accommodated. 

1.7 Vessels are normally berth and unberth during daylight hours

only. A one-way traffic system exists in the approach channel.

1.7 The Shell Oil Depot consists of two sets of mooring buoys

lying between Laem To Khun and the W end of Ko Taphao

Yai, about 0.1 mile E. The mooring buoys are 183m apart. The

terminal is approached from the S on a range with a least depth

of 7m; there is a least depth of 7m at the terminal. 

1.7 Submarine pipelines extend from the berth to Laem To

Khun. A channel marked by buoys and ranges extends NE

from the oil depot, but the controlling depth in this channel is

reported to be 4m.

1.7 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 50m in

length. Request for pilot should be sent 5 days in advance. 

1.7 Vessels should contact Phuket Port Control 3 hours prior to

ETA on VHF channel 16. Pilot boards close to the approach

buoy. The pilots monitor VHF channels 13, 14, and 16. Messages can be sent through Pinang. 

1.7 The pilot boards at Fairway Lighted Buoy.

1.7 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained, in 5.4m, in

Phuket Harbor approximately 0.7 mile NW of Ko Taphao Noi

Light. 

1.7 Working anchorages for larger vessels loading and unloading

cargo for Phuket and other parts in the vicinity are situated during the Northeast Monsoon season, about 2 miles E of Ko Lipi

(7°57'N., 98°31'E.), in a depth of 11m. 

1.7 An outer anchorage for vessels awaiting berth lies 0.8 miles

NE of Laem Phan Wa Light.

1.7 At other times, anchor about 2 miles NE of Laem Phap Pha

(7°52'N., 98°26'E.), in a depth of about 16m. Vessels up to

30,000 dwt have used these anchorages. The bottom is reported

to be sand and mud, good holding ground.

1.7 Caution.—Reports indicate that, due to inaccuracies in

charted features, tangent bearings of Ko Taphao Yai, Ko

Taphao Noi, and other points in the vicinity are unreliable. 

1.8 Tha Rua Phuket (7°51'N., 98°25'E.) is a large bay

entered between Laem Nam Bo and Laem Phap Pha, about 2.2

miles NE. 

1.8 Phuket (7°53'N., 98°23'E.), the seat of the local government,

is situated about 1 mile up a creek which discharges into the

NW corner of the bay; the mouth of the creek is silted up. The

town is a holiday resort with many hotels. A small dry dock,

91m long and 24m wide, used for the repair and construction

of tin dredges is on the NE side of the bay. 

1.8 Anchorage for small vessels, with a depth of 5.5m, mud, lies

0.7 mile NW of the light on Ko Taphao Noi. 

1.8 Cargo is reported to be loaded and unloaded from lighter

vessels. Slight surf is present during E and SE winds. The

depths in Tha Rua Phuket are subject to frequent change. 

1.8 Ao Tha Rua (7°58'N., 98°26'E.), a shallow bay indenting

the E side of Ko Phuket, is located 5 miles N of Tha Rua

Phuket. Ko Maphrao, a 193m island, is located in the S part of

the bay. A 38m rock lies 1.25 miles SE of Ko Maphrao. Ko

Rang Yai, an island 81m high, lies 0.7 mile NE of Ko Maphrao,

and the channel between them has a depth of only 3.2m. 

1.8 Ko Rang Noi, immediately N of Ko Rang Yai, has a height

of 55m. To enter Ao Tha Rua, vessels should pass first 0.5 mile

E of Ko Rang Noi and then 0.5 mile N of this island. The only

deep water available for anchoring is N of Ko Rang Noi and Ko

Rang Yai, as farther W, the bay shoals rapidly. Ko Nakha Noi,

an island 65m high, lies 3 miles NE of Laem Yamu, the N entrance point of Ao Tha Rua. 

1.8 Close N of Ko Nakha Noi is the much larger island of Ko

Nakha Yai, 87m high; the channel between them is shallow.

Between Ko Nakha Yai and Ko Phuket are several sunken

rocks and a 64m islet. About 2 miles NW of this island are the

islands lying in the E entrance of Chong Pak Phra. A 4.6m

patch lies about 1.2 miles N of Ko Nakha Yai. 

1.9 Ko Yao Yai (8°00'N., 98°36'E.), the S end of which is

located about 9 miles E of the N entrance of Tha Rua Phuket, is

a large island extending about 14 miles in a N and S direction.

The island for its entire length is traversed by a range of mountains attaining a maximum height of 374m in its N part. The E

coast of Ko Yao Yai is high and bold, and the NE coast of this

island is low and sandy. 

1.9 Foul ground with rocks above water, extends 1.5 miles E

from the NE point of the island. 

1.9 The S end of Ko Yao Yai is indented by a shallow bay. Laem

Hua Lan, the E entrance point, is high, bold, and steep-to; a

small island forms the W entrance point. Ko Khai Nok, a sandy

island, 29m high, lies 4 miles W of the S end of Ko Yao Yai. 

1.9 Two rocks, one 19.8m high, lies about 0.3 mile NNW of the

island. They are connected by shallow depths, and 0.2 mile

ESE of the island are two rocks above water. Ko Lipi, a conical

174m island, lies 3.5 miles N of Ko Khai. 

1.9 Ao Labu, a bay about 3 miles wide in its entrance, indents

the middle part of the W coast of Ko Yao Yai. The bay has

depths of 9.1 to 2.7m, the greater depths being in the NW part

of the bay. Hin Mu Sang Nua (Hin Musang Nua), a rock 2m

high, marking a dangerous wreck 1 mile E, lies 3 miles NE of

the S end of Ko Yao Yai and 2 miles off the E coast of the island. 

1.9 Between Ko Yao Yai and Ko Phuket the tidal currents set N

and S at a rate of 2 to 3 knots. 

Off-lying Islands

1.10 Ko Yao Noi, a large wooded island with a height of

242m in its N part, lies N of Ko Yao Yai, from which it is separated by a passage with a minimum width of about 0.5 mile and

a least depth of 1.4m. A rock which dries to 1m lies in the middle of the channel approximately 0.4 mile NNW of the NE extremity of Ko Yao Yai. About 4 miles SE of the S extremity of

Ko Yao Noi lies the small island of Ko Ngang. 

1.10 Between 1.5 and 5 miles N of Ko Ngang is a group of high

and steep-to islands, with the southernmost being 158m high.

Between this group of islands and Ko Yao Noi is a deep channel clear of dangers. About 1.7 miles E of the N end of Ko Yao

Noi are two high vertical rocks and 1.25 miles farther E is a
8 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

rock above-water. 

1.10 Ko Phudu Yai (8°11'N., 98°39'E.) lies 0.3 mile NE of the N

end of Ko Yai Noi. The depth between Ko Phudu Yai and Ko

Yao Noi is only 3.2m. Ko Rei, a 166m island, lies 1 mile W of

Ko Phudu Yai, and 1.25 miles NW of Ko Rei is Ko Batang,

152m high. 

1.10 About 0.6 mile NW of the W point of Ko Yao Noi is Ko Boi

Yai, having a height of 197m. Ko Boi Noi, a 146m island, lies

0.75 mile N of Ko Boi Yai, and between them are two small islets. The entire area off the NW side of Ko Yao Noi is shallow

and foul. 

1.10 In the fairway E of Ko Yao Noi, the flood current sets N and

the ebb current S, at rates of from 2 to 3 knots. The currents

turn at about the time of H and LW by the shore.

1.11 Ao Phangnga (8°10'N., 98°35'E.), a large and shallow bay is 18 miles wide in its entrance between Laem Som

(8°08'N., 98°26'E.), and a point on the mainland. On the W

side of the bay are numerous islands extending up to 3 miles

offshore. The area within is foul. Four rivers discharge at the

head of the bay.

Islands in the West and East Parts of Ao Phangnga

1.12 Ko Phanak, located 4.25 miles ENE of Laem Som is

the W entrance point of Ao Phangnga, has a height of 384m in

its S part. 

1.12 Ko Raya Ring (8°17'N., 98°30'E.), another large island, lies

4.5 miles N of Ko Phanak, and between them numerous islands. Khlong Krasom discharges about 1 mile NW of the N

end of Ko Raya Ring. Ban Krasom, a village, is situated about

5 miles up this river. Khlong Phangnga discharges about 2

miles NE of the N extremity of Ko Raya Ring. A drying bank

extends 2.25 miles SSE from the E entrance point of the river. 

1.12 Two islands, the SW of which is named Ko Nom Sao Noi, lie

close together in a position 0.75 mile S of the E entrance point;

the fairway is close W of Ko Nom Sao Noi. On the W side of

the fairway abreast Ko Nom Sao Noi is a drying shoal with a

length of 0.8 mile in a SE and NW direction. On the W side of

the fairway, abreast the E entrance point, is another drying

shoal. 

1.12 Phangnga (8°28'N., 98°32'E.) is situated 8 miles above the

entrance of Khlong Phangnga. 

1.12 Directions.—A vessel bound for Khlong Phangnga and having reached a position 1.5 miles E of Laem Phap Pha, the N entrance point of Tha Rua Phuket, should steer a mid-channel

course between Ko Lipi and Ko Rong Yai, between Ko Sup

(8°01'N., 98°32'E.) and Ko Nakha Noi, and between Ko Boi

Yai and Ko Phanak. Only small vessels with local knowledge

can proceed beyond Ko Phanak.

1.13 Ko Mak (8°17'N., 98°35'E.) is a wooded island, 49m

high, in the E part of Ao Phangnga. 

1.13 Ko Chong Lat (8°16'N., 98°38'E.), lies 1.25 miles E of Ko

Mak. 

1.13 About 0.1 mile N of Ko Chong Lat is the small islet of Ko

Ngam, and close N of the islet commences a narrow drying

sand bank trending 4 miles N to the common estuary of the

Khlong Pak Lao and Khlong Bo Saen. 

1.13 Ko Khlui (8°14'N., 98°39'E.), an island, 215m high, lies

close S of Ko Chong Lat. Ko Pai, a 80m rock, and Ko Sum, a

65m rock, lie 1.5 miles W of Ko Khlui; these two high rocks

are about 0.4 mile apart in a N and S direction. 

1.13 Anchorage.—Anchorage, in 8.7m, is available 0.5 mile

ENE of Ko Mak. Khlong Pak Lao and Khlong Bo Saen

(8°22'N., 98°37'E.), flow respectively from E and N into a

common estuary in the NE part of Ao Phangnga. 

1.13 Two islands lie 1.5 miles SSW of the point separating the

mouths of the two rivers. A bar with a depth of 2.4m encumbers the entrance of Khlong Pak Lao, but within, the depths increase to about 6m.

1.13 Directions.—Vessels bound for Khlong Pak Lao from the S

should pass E of Ko Yao Yai and Ko Yao Noi, then between Ko

Khlui Malong on the E and Ko Sum and Ko Pai on the W, and

finally between Ko Chong Lat and Ko Mak to the anchorage

NE of Ko Mak.

Southeast Coast

1.14 Laem Sak (8°16'N., 98°39'E.), on the E side of Ao

Phangnag, is low, sandy, and covered with trees. Ao Luk

(8°14'N., 98°41'E.) is a shallow bay SE of Laem Sak. 

1.14 Laem Taeng (8°13'N., 98°43'E.), a bold point, is the SE entrance point of Ao Luk. From this bay the coast takes a S trend

for 12 miles to Laem Hang Nak. Along the first 5 miles are

several high rocky islets. 

1.14 Laem Hang Nak (8°01'N., 98°46'E.), the NW entrance

point of Ao Krabi which extends 14 miles SE to Ko Pu

(7°51'N., 98°57'E.), is a rather low point. 

1.14 Ao Krabi is a large bay with only its NW half of the entrance

having depths of more than 9.1m. The greater part of the bay

has depths of less than 5.5m. 

1.14 Ko Bada, located from 3.5 to 6 miles SSE of Laem Hang

Nak, is a large group of islands lying in the NW half of the entrance of Ao Krabi.

1.14 Khlong Krabi discharges through a common estuary in the

NE part of Ao Krabi. All the estuaries are fronted by shallow

and extensive sandbanks. 

1.15 Krabi (8°04'N., 98°55'E.) (World Port Index No.

49780) is situated about 2 miles up the Khlong Krabi. Vessels

with a draft of 4m can reach the town at HW. The town has a

wharf and is a center for fish products. 

1.15 Ko Pu, another large island, is located about 12 miles S of

Krabi. The NW extremity of this island forms the SW entrance

point of Ao Krabi. 

1.15 Laem Plong (8°05'N., 98°45'E.) provides three deep-water

berths for the town of Krabi situated 10 miles E. Two berths are

used for the bulk export of gypsum;the other is used for petroleum. The depth alongside the gypsum berth is 12m. The depth

alongside the oil berth is 7m. Pilotage is available during daylight hours only.

Off-lying Islands

1.16 Hin Kong Nok (7°50'N., 98°53'E.), a rocky patch

with a depth of 4.1m, is located 3.5 miles W of the NW part of

Ko Pu. Ko Mai Phi, a low islet, lies 8.5 miles W of Ko Pu, and

1 mile farther W is Ko Yung, 157m high. 
Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 9

Pub. 174

1.16 Depths of less than 5.5m extend nearly about 0.7 mile NW

and SW from Ko Mai Phai. 

1.16 Ko Phiphi Don (7°45'N., 98°47'E.), the largest of the off-lying islands, is located 1.5 miles S of Ko Yung. This wooded island is about 335m high in the SW part. A bay is located in the

S part of Ko Phiphi Don with a depth of 20m in the middle. 

1.16 Ko Phraya Nak (7°41'N., 98°46'E.), a high and bold island,

lies 1 mile S of Ko Phiphi Don and the passage between them

has depths of 25.6 to 27.4m. Two high islets lie 1 mile S of Ko

Phraya Nak. Hin Bida, a rock awash and Ko Ma, a small islet,

lie 3 and 6.8 miles, respectively, SE of Ko Phraya Nak.

1.16 Ko Klang, a large island separated from the mainland by a

shallow stream, is also separated from the E side of Ko Pu by a

channel with a least depth of 6.9m. 

1.16 Ko Lanta Yai (7°35'N., 99°04'E.) and Ko Lanta Noi, close

NE, are separated from the S side of Ko Klang by a narrow

shallow channel. From seaward these islands appear as one. 

1.16 The N part of Ko Lanta Yai is mostly flat and low-lying with

several isolated hills. The S part consists of a narrow ridge of

steep hills which attain an elevation of 491m. 

1.16 Tides—Currents.—In the channel E of Ko Lanta Yai, the

tidal currents set N and S at a rate of 1 knot to 1.5 knots. 

1.16 Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon there is anchorage SE of the S end of Ko Lanta Yai, in depths from 15 to

20m, soft mud. During the Southwest Monsoon small craft

with a light draft can anchor, in 4.8m, W of Ko Po (7°32'N.,

99°07'E.), located 4 miles NNE of the S end of Ko Lanta Yai.

Anchorage can be obtained, in 7.8m, about 2.2 miles ENE of

the NE point of Ko Lanta Yai.

1.17 Ko Ha Yai (7°26'N., 98°54'E.), located 12 miles

WSW of the S end of Ko Lanta Yai, is a group of five small islets. These islands are of a whitish color, bold and steep-to, and

are difficult to distinguish at night. Ko Rok Nai and Ko Rok

Nok, two islets close together, lie 14.5 miles S of the S end of

Ko Lanta Yai. Both islets are wooded and steep-to. Ko Rok

Nok, the SW islet, has a height of 238m. On the E side of this

islet is a waterfall. 

1.17 Hin Daeng, located 14 miles WSW of Ko Rok Nok, is a

rocky patch of two rocks above water, one being about 3.9m

high. These rocks are dangerous, hardly being visible during

the Southwest Monsoon. There is often a strong tidal current in

their vicinity. 

1.17 A bank with a depth of 25.6m lies 1 mile S of Hin Daeng. Ko

Ngai, lies about 7 miles ESE of the S end of Ko Lanta Yai. Ko

Muk, an islet with a height of 362m in its W part, lies 4 miles

ESE of Ko Ngai; it is on the edge of the bank extending from

the mainland. Ko Kradan, lies 3.5 miles SW of Ko Muk, has a

steep-to W side. Hin Nok, a rock awash, lies 3.75 miles SE of

Ko Kradan.

1.18 Ko Talibong (7°15'N., 99°24'E.), a large island, 320m

high, lies about 7 miles SE of Ko Muk and 3 miles W of the

common estuary of the Mae Nam Trang and the Khlong Palian

Hin Samphao Chom, two rocks awash, lies 2.75 miles SW of

the SW end of Ko Talibong.

1.18 Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon good anchorage can be obtained, in 11m, about 2 miles bearing 217° from

the S end of Ko Talibong. 

1.18 During the Southwest Monsoon vessels should not seek shelter E of the S end of this island. 

1.18 Kantang (7°24'N., 99°31'E.) (World Port Index No. 49790)

is situated about 8 miles up the Mae Nam Trang. It can be

reached by small craft drawing up to 3m. The main exports are

bags of cement, fish meal, and rubber pellets. The port is serviced mainly by LASH barges. 

1.18 A concrete pier, 144m in length, has a depth of 5m along

side and can accommodate vessels up to 1000 grt. One oil

berth is also available. Small tankers limited to a draft of 4m

can be accommodated. 

1.18 Pilotage is not compulsory. Local pilots are available. Pilots

will board in the anchorage.

1.18 Vessels anchor between Ko Talibong and Ko Liang Nua in

approximate position 7°08.7'N, 99°21.5'E. 

1.18 Directions.—Mae Nam Trang and Khlong Palian are two

rivers discharging through a common estuary about 3 miles E

of Ko Talibong. 

1.18 Small craft with a light draft and local knowledge can approach the estuary either N or E of Ko Talibong. Both approaches have a least depth of 2.3m, and in the area E of Ko

Talibong are numerous dangers, some awash. 

1.18 Ko Nok, a small islet lies 1.75 miles ENE of the E end of Ko

Talibong. The channel through the bay E of Ko Talibong is

buoyed. A light is shown from Ko Nok.

South Coast

1.19 From the mouth of the Khlong Palian the coast trends

S for about 22 miles, to Laem Tanyong Lanai (6°58'N.,

99°41'E.) 94m high. It being higher than any in the vicinity,

renders it conspicuous from seaward, presenting the appearance of an island. The coast being indented with several bights

continues in a S direction, from Laem Tanyong Lanai to Ko

Khao Yai (Tanjong Duri) (6°50'N., 99°42'E.). 

1.19 The coast between Ko Talibong and Pulau Langkawi

(6°22'N., 99°48'E.) should be approached with caution, as this

area is mostly unsurveyed.

Off-lying Islands and Dangers

1.20 Ko Liang Nua (7°07'N., 99°25'E.) and Ko Laing Tai,

forms the N extremity of the chain of islands, islets and rocks,

21 miles in length about 10 miles from the coast, which are almost continuous to Ko Tarutao (6°43'N., 99°38'E.). 

1.20 Ko Liang Nua, the northernmost, is bold, precipitous and lies

6 miles S of Ko Talibong and forms the S side of the approach

to Mae Nam Trang and Khlong Palian. 

Ko Bulaobot (Goh Beng) (7°05'N., 99°42'E.) is a small islet

located 3 miles SW of Ko Liang Tai. There is a light that is

shown from Ko Bulaobot. Ko Phetra, the most conspicuous island in the vicinity, is located 5 miles SE of Ko Bulaobot. 

1.20 The island is narrow, rocky and steep-to, except off the sandy

beach on the E side. Ko Ta bai, 225m high is a steep islet lying

3 miles S of Ko Phetra. 

Ko Bulon Le (6°50'N., 99°32'E.) is the outermost of the line

of islands and rocks extending over 10 miles W from Ko Khao

Yai. It is wooded, steep and rocky, except off the E side, from

which shallow water extends 1.5 miles in a SE direction. 

1.20 Ko Ahyum, 73m high, lies about 3 miles SW of Ko Bulon

Le; two above-water rocks lie close W of the islet. To the SE
10 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

and E of Ko Bulon Le, many patches of 5.5m and less are located as the depths in the vicinity are irregular.

1.20 Ko Khao Yai (TanJong Duri), the largest of the group, is separated from the mainland by a channel about 0.1 mile wide.

1.20 Tides—Currents.—Between the mainland and the off-lying

islands the tidal currents set towards and away from the coast at

a maximum rate of less than one knot. 

1.20 Off Ko Bulon Le they are similar in character, but the W current is the stronger, attaining a rate of over one knot. Off Ko

Bulaobot the tidal current is rotary, changing direction regularly in a counterclockwise direction, its rate, less than 0.5 knot,

remaining fairly constant. 

1.20 Off Ko Phetra the NE current, setting toward Mae Nam

Trang runs from 5 hours before to 30 minutes before HW and

the SW current from 30 minutes after HW to 5 hours after. 

1.20 The maximum rate is about 2 knots, but at neaps the currents

are weak and irregular. 

1.20 Directions.—Vessels without local knowledge should pass

W of Ko Phetra and between Ko Bulaobot and Ko Liang in order to enter the approach to Khlong Palian and Mae Nam

Trang, N of Ko Liang Nua (7°07'N., 99°25'E.).

Southeastern Coast

1.21 The coast SE of Ko Bulan (6°50'N., 99°41'E.), as far

as Ko Tammalang (6°35'N., 100°00'E.), a distance of about 26

miles should be approached with caution. On the mainland, NE

of Ko Khao Yai, there are a number of steep hills of moderate

elevation. Two hilly points are located 4 miles E of the island. 

1.21 Along the coast to Tanjung Po (6°35'N., 99°57'E.) the elevation of the coast is low and consists mostly of mangrove

swamps, through which many small streams are reported to

flow into the sea. The entrances to these are often obstructed by

shifting sand bars. 

1.21 Laem Mara (6°44'N., 99°39'E.), the N extremity of Ko

Tarutao lies about 6 miles SSW of Ko Khao Yai. The island is

densely wooded and hilly, attaining an elevation of 721m in the

middle part. Close off the E side of Ko Tarutao is a channel

through which a depth of not less than 8.0m may be found. 

Talo Wao (Wanderer Bay) (6°36'N., 99°41'E.) is located on

the E side of Ko Tarutao and is entered between Ko Pulao Na

and Ko Klang, lying 1.5 miles to the S. The bay is exposed to

the Northeast Monsoon. 

1.21 Tides—Currents.—Between Ko Tarutao and the mainland,

the tidal current sets NW from 1 hour after until 6 hours before

HW at Pinang (Penang). At neaps, the tidal current is almost

negligible. 

1.21 Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be taken in Talo Wao, in

5m, about 0.1 to 0.2 mile NW of the N extremity of Ko Klang.

The anchorage should be approached with a prominent rock,

59m high, with white patches on the seaward side, on a line

bearing 250° and anchorage taken when the N extremity of Ko

Klang bears 130°.

The Butang Group

1.22 The Butang Group (6°32'N., 99°15'E.) is wooded

and appears as one large island from a distance. The group is

uninhabited, except for a small fishing village at the E end of

Ko Nipit, the southernmost island. It is reported that the group

was a good radar target up to 25 miles distance. 

1.22 A light is shown from an island located about 1 mile S of the

E extremity of Ko Butang. 

1.22 Ko Adang, the easternmost of the two large islands, has a

long sandy beach on the W side, fronted by a coral reef which

extends 183m off. A mountain on the S side of the island is

conspicuous from all directions. 

1.22 Anchorage.—During the Northeast Monsoon, the best anchorage is in about 27m, sand, 0.5 mile W of the SW end of Ko

Adang. 

1.22 During the Southwest Monsoon, the only protected anchorage is NE of Ko Butang, in a depth of about 22m, approximately 0.4 mile offshore.

1.22 Ko Tanga (6°34'N., 99°27'E.), 198m high, lies about midway between the Butang Group and Ko Tarutao, and is formed

by two portions connected at LW by a reef. The island is thickly wooded and steep-to, except on the E side, which is fringed

by a narrow reef. A light is shown about 0.3 mile E of the S extremity of Ko Tanga.

Pulau Langkawi (6°22'N., 99°48'E.), about 15 miles wide,

is mountainous, densely wooded, and formed and flanked by

towering masses of limestone.

1.23 Langkawi Port, at Teluk Ewa (6°26'N., 99°46'E.), is a

new port situated on the N side of Pulau Langkawi. It is designed to handle petroleum products, coal, and general cargo.

The major exports include cement and clinker.

Aspect.—The port is entered through a channel marked with

buoys and lighted buoys. The seaward end of the channel is

marked with a lighted buoy.

Depths—Limitations.—From W to E the port offers 4

berths, which are the Petronas Jetty, Main Jetty, Sub Jetty, and

Lada’s Barter Trade Jetty. The depths and limitations of the

port are described in the table below.

1.23 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and available 24 hours.

The pilot boarding station, best seen on chart, is situated about

1 mile WNW of Pulau Dangli.

1.23 Regulations.—The vessel’s ETA should be sent as soon as

possible advising arrival draft, date, and time. Further ETAs

should be sent 10 days, 5 days, 3 days, 2 days, and 1 day prior

to arrival. 

1.23 Anchorage.—Vessels calling on the port may request to use

the designated anchorage areas situated E of the pilot station. 

1.24 Selat Chinchin (Langkawi Sound) (6°28'N.,

99°40'E.) is the channel 4 miles wide between the S end of Ko

Tarutao and the N coast of Pulau Langkawi. The channel trends

Langkawi Port—Berthing Information

Type of cargo Pier 

length

Depth 

alongside

Max. 

vessel size

Bulk (cement) 144m 9m 10,000 dwt

Bulk (iron ore) 144m 9m 10,000 dwt

Oil tanker 124m 8m 6,000 dwt

General cargo 124m 8m 6,000 dwt

Coasters 150m 3m 1,000 dwt
Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 11

Pub. 174

SE around the NE side of Pulau Langkawi and is bounded on

the NE side by the coastal bank off the coast of Thailand. 

1.24 The E coast of Pulau Langkawi is rocky, but there are a few

sandy beaches. A chain of islets lies SW of Pulau Chorong

(6°19'N., 99°56'E.), the easternmost island of the group.

1.24 The W coast of Palau Langkawi S of Tanjung Chinchin to

Tongung Belua, 4.5 miles S, is rocky and steep-to, with a few

sandy beaches, backed by precipitous hills covered with jungle. 

1.24 The bay SE of Tanjung Belua to Pulau Borau (6°18'N.,

99°42'E.) is fronted by a long sandy beach, backed by low lying land and small hills. 

1.24 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in Selat Chinchin are

irregular and influenced by the monsoons. During the Northeast Monsoon rates of 2 knots setting WSW have been experienced. 

1.24 Depths in the channel are regular, shoaling gradually ENE

and towards each side, with depths of over 18m in the fairway. 

1.24 Anchorage.—Sheltered anchorage exists in the middle of

Teluk Datai (6°26'N., 99°40'E.), in depths of 5m, mud. The

bay is free of dangers and is backed by a sandy beach. A good

anchorage exists 1.5 miles SW of Tanjung Kemarong, in a

depth of 11m, mud. 

Pulau Tepur (6°16'N., 99°43'E.), 102m high, lies just W of

Tanjung Sawa (Sawi) (6°16'N., 99°44'E.), the southernmost

point of Langkawi. The island is small and surrounded on three

sides by a coral reef.

1.24 A cruise terminal jetty is situated just E of Tanjung Sawa.

The depth alongside is 11m. The berth is 178m in length with

dolphins extending the berthing length to 370m.

1.25 Pelabuhan Bass (Bass Harbor) (6°19'N., 99°50'E.)

(World Port Index No. 49830) formed between the S coast of

Pulau Langkawi and the N coast of Pulau Dayang Bunting, is 7

miles in length with an average breadth of 1.5 miles and a general depth of 5.5 to 7.5m, mud bottom. 

1.25 From Tanjong Sawa (6°16'N., 99°44'E.), the coast trends

NE for 6.5 miles to a long sandy beach, being a succession of

rocky points with sandy bays between them, and backed by

hills. 

Along this coast are few villages; the principal is Kuah

(6°19'N., 99°51'E.), on the E side of the head of the harbor. 

1.25 The limits of the port comprise the water area between

6°19'40"N, and 6°13'30"N, and between 99°52'52"E, and

99°46'22"E. 

1.25 A floating jetty, 144m in length, which can accommodate

small vessels, is situated N of Batu Kuah Light. A T-shaped jetty, with a depth of 2m alongside, is located just S of the floating jetty.

1.25 Tides—Currents.—It is HW, full and change, in Selat Dayang Bunting (Tyson Strait), at 0 hour; springs rise 2.4m. 

1.25 The flood tide runs to the S out of Pelabuhan Bass (Bass

Harbor) from 0.5 to 1 knot, and the ebb current the reverse

way. 

1.25 In the offing, the currents generally set to the N during the

Southwest Monsoon and to the S during the Northeast Monsoon. Caution is advised as cross sets are usually experienced

off the entrances of the various channels. 

1.25 Aspect.—The E entrance of the harbor is known as Selat

Kuah. The W entrances, Selat Dayang Bunting and that N of

Pulau Kentot Besar (Pulau Singha Kintut) have apparently not

less than 7.3m, which is found on the bar stretching E of Tanjong Sawa. They are available for craft with local knowledge. 

1.25 Anchorage.—Small craft, general purpose, and dangerous

cargo anchorage areas have been designated (2004) at Bass

Harbor. Deep-draft vessels may anchor N of Pulau Singa

Kechil (6°15'N., 99°45'E.), 97m high, about 0.2 mile E of an

islet which is almost connected with the N extremity of Pulau

Singa Kechil bearing 178°, distance 0.5 mile is a good anchorage, in a depth of 17.4m, mud.

1.25 A designated Quarantine Qnchorage, in a depth of 12m, is

situated 1.5 miles SW of Pulau Tepur.

1.25 Caution.—The following dangers lie on the W entrance of

Pelabuhan Bass (Bass Harbor): A reef, about 0.1 mile in extent

and drying in places at half ebb, N of the fairway of the SW entrance of Pelabuhan Bass, with the E extremity of Pulau Kentot

Besar (Pulau Singha Kintut), bearing 242°, distance about 2

miles. A small reef with a depth of about 0.6m at LWS, is located 018° from the above reef at a distance of about 0.4 mile.

Vessels should pass S of these dangers.

1.25 It has been reported (1995) that uncharted obstructions and

depths less than charted exist within 2 miles of the coasts of

Pulau Langkawi.

1.26 Paknam Satul (Pak Nam Satun) (6°30'N., 100°05'E.)

lies about 10 miles NE of Pulau Langkawi and is well sheltered

by the islands from the Southwest Monsoon. Kuala Perlis

(Sungai Perils) lies about 7 miles SSE of Paknam Satul; coasting vessels anchor off it, in 5.5m, SW of a group of four islands. A mud flat fronts the coast. 

1.26 The Sungai Kedah (6°06'N., 100°17'E.), the river entrance

which is about 20 miles S of Kuala Perlis, is shallow. The N

entrance point of the Sungai Kedah is marked by a light. 

1.26 There is an outer anchorage, in about 7m, 3 miles off the

Sungai Kedah entrance.

Alor Setar (Alor Star) (6°07'N., 100°20'E.) (World Port Index No. 49840), the capital of Kedah State, is situated approximately 7 miles above the mouth of the Sungai Kedah. A ferry

wharf, 55m in length with a depth of 1.2m alongside, is situated at Alor Setar. There are no deep-water berthing facilities reported in this port. 

1.26 Gunong Keriang, 213m high, is an isolated and conspicuous

mass of limestone, honeycombed with caves, located about 5

miles NE of the Sungai Kedah entrance; it is a good mark for

making that river.

Off-lying Islands

1.27 Pulau Segantang (6°03'N., 99°56'E.), consisting of

two rocky islets, 25m high, lies about 22 miles W of the Sungai

Kedah and 10 miles SE from the S extremity of Pulau Dayang

Bunting. 

1.27 There are depths of 29.3m close to its N and E sides and

34.7m about 2 miles SW. 

1.27 A Marine Park, with a radius of approximately 1 mile, encloses Pulau Segantang. Numerous restrictions and prohibitions affect this area.

1.27 Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on chart, lies 10

miles SW of Pulau Segantang.

1.28 Pulau Paya (6°04'N., 100°02'E.) lies 6.5 miles E
12 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

from Pulau Segantang, 88m high, is densely wooded and steepto, except for part of the NE side. The Pulau Paya Marine Park

has been established and special regulations may apply. Pulau

Lembu, 73m high, lies 0.5 mile NE of Pulau Paya. A rock

awash lies about 0.1 mile to the N. 

1.28 In the channel between these two islands lies Pulau Kaca, a

rock, 26m high. Near the islands of Pulau Paya and Pulau Lembu there are, with the exceptions mentioned, depths of 23.8 to

29.3m within 0.5 mile of the islands. 

1.28 A Marine Park, with a radius of approximately 1 mile, encloses Pulau Paya, Pulau Kaca, and Pulau Lembu. Numerous

restrictions and prohibitions affect this area.

1.28 Pulau Perak (5°41'N., 98°56'E.) is a barren white rock,

115m high. The rock lies nearly midway in the Strait of Malacca, between Sumatera (Sumatra) and the Sungai Kedah. It is

steep-to, with depths of from 73.1m to 91.4m within a short

distance. Pulau Perak is often taken as a point of departure and,

when the weather is cloudy during the Southwest Monsoon, it

is frequently the first land seen after entering the Strait of Malacca from the N.

South Coast

1.29 From the Sungai Kedah the coast, with an adjoining

mud flat, extends in a S direction for a distance of about 26

miles to the entrance of the Sungai Merbok (Merbau River),

and continues low and wooded until within 8 or 9 miles of that

river, where the conspicuous Gunong Jerai, 1,212m high, is located at a distance of 4 miles from the coast, in position

5°47'N, 100°26'E. 

1.29 The Bunting Islands, consisting of four small islands located

about 14 to 21 miles S of the Sungai Kedah entrance, lie 1 to 4

miles off the mainland. 

1.29 The Sungai Merbok (Merbau River), the entrance to which is

formed between the low coast on the N and the hills to the S, is

fronted by the coast mud flat, which has depths under 5.5m,

and extends nearly 3 miles to seaward. There is a depth of 2m

on the bar, with depths of 5m within. Small craft drawing 2m

can proceed about 3 miles upstream at HW. 

1.29 The Sungai Muda (5°34'N., 100°21'E.) is located about 6

miles S of the Sungai Merbok entrance. It is obstructed by a

sandy bar which dries from 0.6 to 1.2m at LW. 

1.29 Small craft, drawing 1m, can enter at half tide and proceed

about 4 miles upstream. 

1.29 Caution.—In passing between the Sungai Kedah and Pulau

Pinang (Penang Island) during the night, care must be taken to

keep clear of the numerous fishing stakes which are fixed in

places on the banks, some 6 or 7 miles from the coast.

Pulau Pinang

1.30 The island of Pulau Pinang is separated from the

mainland by a strait 1.5 to 7 miles wide, which affords sheltered anchorage. The N part of Pulau Pinang is mountainous,

and through the center of the island runs a range of hills, declining in height as it approaches the SW extremity. 

1.30 Western Hill (5°26'N., 100°15'E.), the highest point of the

island, is 834m high, a short distance to the E is Government

Hill. The W side of the island is low and wooded. 

1.30 The N side of Pulau Pinang is much indented, except near its

NE extremity, and is fringed by a shoal area with depths of less

than 5.5m extending as far as 2 miles offshore.

Pinang Harbor (Penang) (5°25'N., 100°21'E.)

World Port Index No. 49850

1.31 Pinang Harbor is one of Malaysia’s largest ports and

handles most of the trade for the cultural, industrial, and agricultural regions of Northern Peninsular Malaysia. The port

complex includes facilities on Pulau Pinang at Georgetown and

on the mainland at Butterworth and Perai (Prai). Pinang Harbor

has ample, modern, alongside berthing facilities for all classes

of vessels.

1.31 Winds—Weather.—Pinang Harbor is subject to both the

Northeast Monsoon and the Southwest Monsoon, with high

temperature, humidity, and rainfall throughout the year. Winds

are generally light or moderate in both seasons. The usual

weather pattern is for partly cloudy mornings inland with

showers and thunderstorms by the middle of the afternoon and

dispersing at night. Sumatras, which are nighttime squalls with

violent thunder, lightning, and rain, can be expected from April

to November with an average occurrence of about 3 to 4 per

month.

1.31 Tides—Currents.—At springs, the tidal currents run at a

rate of from 2 to 3 knots through the harbor anchorages (although rates of up to 5 knots have been observed), but less in

the approaches, and continue to flow N or S for about 1 hour to

1 hour 30 minutes after LW or HW. 

1.31 During the Northeast Monsoon, the tidal currents are regular; the S current runs from about 4 hours before to about 2

hours after HW by the shore, with the N current running during

the remaining period. Off the entrance to North Channel a S

current of 0.5 knot has been experienced. In November, the

current sets round Muka Head (5°29'N., 100°11'E.) and overcomes the outgoing current, sometimes for 2 or 3 days.

1.31 The main ship channel into Pinang Harbor is via North

Channel, which is 10 miles in length, has a width of 183m, and

a least depth of 10.2m. Approaches to the harbor are well

marked by navigational aids. Approach depths gradually increase from 11 to 22m in the area S of Buoy Tokong.

1.31 Depths—Limitations.—Shoaling to a least depth of 9.7m

has been reported in some areas of North Channel. The approach to Pinang Harbor via South Channel is restricted to vessels with a 6m draft and a height of 28m due to the vertical

clearance of the Pinang Bridge. A least depth over the bar of

South Channel is 5.8m. 

1.31 Pinang is equipped with modern wharves, piers, and basins

to handle practically any cargo that can be transported on water. These include facilities for container, ro-ro, dry and liquid

bulk carriers, general cargo, and passenger vessels. 

Penang Port Commission

http://www.penangport.gov.my/about/location/

Penang Port Sdn. Bhd.

http://www.penangport.com.my
Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 13

Pub. 174

1.31 Swettenham Pier is situated on Pinang Island. The T-berth

has a total length of 366m, with a depth alongside of 10m. A

berth of 46m, depth 3m alongside, is situated on the W side of

the S end of Swettenham Pier and is use by lighters and fishing

vessels. This area is referred to as the Lighter Basin. Swettenham Pier handles break-bulk cargo, as well as passenger and

naval vessels. Just S of Swettenham Pier is the Church Street

Pier; further S is the ferry terminal.

1.31 Less than 1 mile E of Swettenham Pier, across the Selat Utara, is the North Butterworth Container Terminal. The Tshaped pier is 600m in length, with a depth of 12m alongside.

1.31 Less than 1 mile S of the North Butterworth Container Terminal are the Luar Shell Pier, the Bagan Luar Esso Pier, and

the Butterworth Deep Water Wharves. A ferry terminal is situated between the Esso Pier and the Butterworth Deep Water

Wharves. 

1.31 The Butterworth Deep Water Wharves are made up of six

numbered berths. Berth 1 through Berth 3, used for conventional cargo, have a length of 549m and depths of 9m alongside. Container facilities are situated at Berth 4 through Berth

6, with a total length of 497m. Berth 6 is also equipped with a

ro-ro ramp of 8m wide and 28m long. 

1.31 The Palm Oil Tanker Berth (Berth 9) with a depth of 8.9m is

situated just S of Butterworth Pier No. 1; vessels up to 167m in

length can be accommodated.

1.31 The entrance to the Sungai Perai is located S of Berth 9. On

the S bank of the river entrance is the Perai Wharf. This wharf

is 840m in length and suitable for coasters and lighters carrying

bulk cargo. The wharf is connected to railways.

1.31 The Caltex Pier (Berth 10) consists of a mooring pontoon

and berthing dolphins 0.5 mile offshore. The berth has a depth

of 10m and is connected to the prominent oil tanks to the NE

by an underwater pipeline. 

1.31 A Bulk Cargo Terminal, for both liquid and solid cargoes, is

situated at Perai. The terminal consists of two main berths

338m long with a depth of 10m alongside and one inner berth

with 154m long with a depth of 7m. 

1.31 Vessels of more than 5m in height or 30m in length must obtain written permission from the Port Officer, Pinang, before

entering the restricted area, the limits of which are shown on

the chart.

1.31 Aspect.—The coast of the mainland being low does not

show up well from North Channel as that from Pinang Island,

consequently the latter will usually appear nearer when in the

fairway between them. Within the harbor limits of Pulau Pinang, Fort Cornwallis, with a conspicuous flagstaff, 5.7m high

lies on the NW entrance to the harbor. On the mainland, two

conspicuous radio masts lie on the E entrance of the harbor.

Numerous other prominent buildings and masts stand on the island and mainland.

1.31 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels 200 grt and

over when berthing and unberthing in the harbor, except fishing vessels. Vessels should send their ETA 3 hours in advance

to Pilots Pinang, stating their ETA at North Channel Light

Float or, in the case of South Channel, their ETA at Pulau

Rimau. 

1.31 The maximum draft of the vessel should also be included.

Pilot should be contacted on VHF channel 12. 

1.31 For vessels entering the harbor through North Channel, the pilot boarding area is NW of the North Channel Light Float. For

entry through South Channel, the pilot will be embarked in the

vicinity of Rimau Buoy.

1.31 Anchorage.—Anchoring is prohibited within the indicated

cable area on the NE side of North Channel. 

1.31 Numerous anchorages including Naval Anchorage, Petroleum Anchorage, Quarantine Anchorage, Local Anchorage,

Small Craft Anchorage, and Explosives Anchorage exist within harbor limits and are best seen on the chart.

1.31 An outer anchorage is charted about 2 miles SSW of North

Channel Light Float. 

1.31 Caution.—Fishing stakes extend all around Pulau Pinang

and the mainland coast within the 10m contour line. Bamboo

poles, singly or in groups, marking fishing nets or pots may be

encountered in this area. Large numbers of fishing boats may

be encountered in the vicinity of, and NW of Muka Head

(5°28'N., 100°11'E.).

1.32 Great Kra Flat forms the E side of South Channel, it

fronts the shore at various distances from the Sungai Perai, 18

miles N. It encumbers much of South Channel. Pulau Rimau is

nearly 5 miles in breadth, it is dry in places at LW, and tapers to

a point off the Sungai Perai. 

Perai—Bulk Cargo Terminal
14 Sector 1. The Strait of Malacca—Ko Phuket to Pulau Pinang 

Pub. 174

1.32 A channel, with depths of 5.8 to 15.5m, lies E of this extremity, leading to the Sungai Perai, the Sungai Juru, and the Sungai

Jajawi. 

1.32 Outer Kra Bank lies SW of Great Kra Flat, the N end lies

about 9 miles WNW of Tanjong Piandang (5°05'N.,

100°22'E.). A dangerous wreck lies about 5.2 miles, bearing

239° from the N portion of Outer Kra Bank.

1.32 Pulau Jerejak on the W side of South Channel is located

about 4 miles NNE of Pulau Rimau. A 6.7m shoal lies about

0.7 mile NE of the S end of Pulau Jerejak. Between the W side

of Pulau Jerejak and Pulau Pinang, there is a least depth of 4m

in the fairway. 

1.32 Middle Bank extends N from Pulau Jerejak for a distance of

4.75 miles. Its N end tapering to a point with depths under

5.5m to abreast Pinang. 

1.32 Between Middle Bank and the mud bank fronting Pulau Pinang, is the narrow Western Channel with a depth of about

5.5m. The channel is reduced to about 114m in width abreast

the W side of Pulau Jerejak. 

1.32 A curved spit, with a least depth of 4m, extends from the

shore into the channel. 

1.32 Syrang Bank lies E of Middle Bank, a portion of which

dries. Fronting Middle Bank, it forms the W side of South

Channel for a short distance. 

1.32 East and SE of Syrang Bank, and in the channel are several

detached patches with from 3.7 to 5.5m. The Sungai Perai is

located 2.5 miles SE of Pinang, and E of the N end of Great

Kra Flat. 

1.32 The Sungai Perai, the Sungai Juru, the Sungai Jajawi, and

Kuala Tengah exit on the coast abreast Pulau Pinang.

1.32 Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported (1996)

on Outer Kra Bank.

1.32 Care must be taken to avoid the wrecks off the W side of

Outer Kra Bank and not to confuse the various lighted beacons

on the N part of Great Kra Flat.
15

Pub. 174

2. 

The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang

2.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 2 — CHART INFORMATION
17

Pub. 174

SECTOR 2 

THE STRAIT OF MALACCA—TANJUNG PIANDANG TO PORT KELANG

2.0 Plan.—This sector describes the E coast of the Strait of Malacca from Tangung Piandang to Port Kelang including the various islands lying close offshore. The arrangement is S from

Tanjong Piandang.

General Remarks

2.1 There is a practically continuous strip of mangrove

forest, which varies in width from 0.5 mile to 8 miles between

Tanjung Piandang and Tanjung Batu (4°26'N., 100°36'E.),

about 41 miles S. These mangroves are generally creeping seaward as the deposits from the muddy creeks increase. 

2.1 Extensive mud banks fringe the coast between Tanjung Piandang and Tanjung Batu. 

2.1 Ships on passage from Tanjung Piandang to Tanjung Hantu

(4°19'N., 100°33'E.) normally keep outside the 20m contour

line. Along this track the hills some 10 to 15 miles inshore of

the seaward edge of the mangroves are frequently visible and

are the only reliable navigational aids between the two points.

2.1 STRAITREP, a joint Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore mandatory ship reporting system, operates in the Strait of Malacca

and Singapore Strait. Further information can be found under

Singapore—Vessel Reporting System in Pub. 160, Sailing

Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian

Ocean. 

Coastal Features

2.2 From Tanjong Piandang (5°05'N., 100°21'E.) the

coast takes a SSE direction to Selinsing Bay (4°50'N.,

100°27'E.), forming several bights fronted by flats with depths

of less than 5.5m in places. On the flats between Pulau Pinang

(5°25'N., 100°15'E.) and Kuala Larut (4°47'N., 100°34'E.)

there are numerous fishing stakes.

2.2 The Sungai Kurau (5°00'N., 100°25'E.) enters the sea about

5 miles SSE of Tanjong Piandang. The Sungai Kurau is navigable at HW by craft drawing 1.8m, about 15 miles upstream.

2.2 Selinsing Bay is shallow and forms the entrance to the Sungai

Sangga Besar, the main approach to Port Weld, and the Sungai

Selinsing. The bay is bounded by Tanjong Pasir (4°52'N.,

100°30'E.) to the N, and a point about 3 miles SW. Tanjong Pasir

may be recognized by the sandy beaches on the N and S sides of

it. The shores of the bay are fringed with wide, drying mud

banks which reduce the width of the channels into the two rivers

to 0.75 mile and the two separate river channels to 0.25 mile.

The extent and shape of these banks are subject to frequent

change.

2.2 The main bar at the entrance to Selinsing Bay lies close S of

Tanjong Pasir with depths of from 0.3 to 0.6m.

2.3 Port Weld (Kuala Sepetang) (4°50'N., 100°38'E.)

(World Port Index No. 49870) is the port for Taiping the former

capital city of Perak. Port Weld is situated about 5 miles above

the entrance of the Sungai Sangga Besar, and is connected by

rail and a good road. The port is now only used by native craft.

The port has two concrete T-headed jetties. The northernmost

jetty is the Customs Jetty, which is 27m in length. The Government Jetty is 12m in length. This jetty is mainly used by fishing

vessels.

2.3 The coast S of Tanjong Pasir to Tanjong Kerang (Tanjong

Krang) (4°48'N., 100°34'E.) is a mangrove jungle, covered for

some distance inland at HWS tide. 

2.3 Tanjong Kerang is the N entrance point of Kuala Larut

(4°47'N., 100°34'E.), a wide estuary leading E, used only by

small craft.

2.3 From Kuala Larut to Kuala Jarum Mas (4°32'N.,

100°37'E.), the coast is fronted by a mud bank extending from

5 to 9 miles offshore. 

2.3 A group of powerful white lights, visible for about 50 miles,

is occasionally shown from Gunong Kledang, a summit located

about 23 miles E of Kuala Jarum Mas.

2.3 It was reported that Pulau Talang (4°25'N., 100°35'E.), a

small island off the mainland, is a good radar target up to 18

miles distance. 

2.3 Caution.—Numerous fish traps and stakes are situated within the 10m contour line from W of Pulau Terung to Tanjung

Hantu. 

2.4 Tanjong Hantu (4°19'N., 100°33'E.), about 8 miles

SSW of Tanjong Batu (4°26'N., 100°36'E.) is a sloping point,

the summit of which is 203m in height.

2.4 The coast from Tanjong Hantu to Motts Point (4°15'N.,

100°35'E.), the N entrance point of Dinding River, is skirted by

a shallow bank having depths of less than 5.5m. 

2.4 The bank extends a distance from about 0.6 to 0.8 mile, gradually diminishing its distance from the shore as Motts Point, on

the N shore of the entrance of Dinding River, is approached. 

2.4 Bukit Sigari, 493m high, is the S peak of the Saddle which is

sometimes known as False Dining. This is good landmark from

the SW and W.

2.5 Pulau Pangkor (4°13'N., 100°34'E.) is separated

from the mainland by Selat Dinding (Dinding Channel), about

1 mile wide but navigable only over a reported width of about

0.2 mile. The island is very hilly and densely wooded.

2.5 The W coast of Pulau Pangkor is deeply indented, forming

several bights, with the largest being on the SW side. 

2.5 Telak Belanga (4°15'N., 100°32'E.), the NNW bight, affords

an anchorage in the center, in a depth of 8m, shoaling gradually

to the shore.

2.5 Western Anchorage is entered between Tanjong Nipah

(4°15'N., 100°32'E.) and the W extremity of Pulau Mentangor (4°14'N., 100°32'E.), about 1 mile SSW; near the middle of

this bay, about 0.1 mile from its head, is Pulau Giam, a steep

wooded islet. A good anchorage may be obtained in Western

Anchorage, in a depth of about 10m, 0.25 mile WNW of Pulau

Giam. 

2.5 The E coast of Pulau Pangkor trends S from Batu Jambol
18 Sector 2. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang 

Pub. 174

(4°14'N., 100°35'E.) to the shallow bay in which lies Port

Pangkor (4°13'N., 100°35'E.) (World Port Index No. 49890).

2.5 The settlement at Pangkor has a small jetty, with a depth of

6.1m alongside.

2.5 Tides—Currents.—The flood runs S, and the ebb N along

the W coast of Pulau Pangkor. taking the direction between Pulau Pangkor and Pulau Pangkor Laut (4°12'N., 100°32'E.). 

2.5 In the narrow passage between the two, the current has a rate

of 2 to 3.5 knots at springs.

2.5 Anchorage.—Abreast of Port Pangkor village, there is secure anchorage for vessels of deep draft, and sufficient space

for several vessels to moor. A good anchorage may be obtained, in depths over 16m, mud, with the W edge of East Bank

about 0.2 mile E. East Bank trends parallel to, and fronts the

coast of the mainland.

2.5 Caution.—Lesser depths than charted have been reported in

the dredged part of North West Entrance.

2.6 Lumut (4°14'N., 100°38'E.) (World Port Index No.

51615) is approached through River Passage and the Sungai

Dinding. The principal functions of the port are the Lumut Naval Base, the Malayan Flour Mill, and the small pier at the

town of Lumut used by coasters at high tide. Fishing boats and

ferries dominate the area’s traffic.

2.6 Tides—Currents.—The current through Selat Dinding sets

S at a rate of 2 to 3 knots during spring tides. In the Sungai

Dinding, both the incoming and outgoing currents have a rate

of 2 knots during neap tides and 3.5 knots during spring tides.

2.6 Depths—Limitations.—The three channels leading to the

main fairway of the Sungai Dinding and then to Lumut are,

North Channel, North West Entrance, and Selat Dinding. 

2.6 North Channel leads from Tanjong Hantu to Motts Point.

2.6 North West Entrance leads S of Beting Batu Malang and the

N coast of Pulau Pangkor. 

2.6 Selat Dinding leads from South Entrance close to the E coast

of Pulau Pangkor. Selat Dinding is the channel most used by

deep draft vessels calling at Lumut. A least depth of 11m is

charted 0.5 mile NNE from South East Point Light. 

2.6 All three channels meet at River Passage, 0.75 mile W of

Motts Point.

2.6 Lumut Naval Base (4°14'N., 100°37'E.) is surrounded by a

hilly region and is protected from high winds and seas. The

base is contained within two breakwaters, with lighted beacons

on each end and a dredged basin with numbered berths inside.

2.6 Reclamation work was in progress (2002) just S of Lumut

Naval Base.

2.6 Flour Mill Wharf (4°16'N., 100°38'E.) has 167m of berthing space, with a depth alongside of 9.3m at MLWS. On the

S side of the dock is a berth, 97m long, with a depth alongside

of 6m, used by coastal tankers.

2.6 Lumut Maritime Terminal (4°15.3'N., 100°39.6'E,.), situated on the Dinding River, is a common-user terminal. Dry

bulk, bulk liquids, containers, and general cargo are handled

here. The South Berths are 200m in length, with a depth of

10m alongside. The North Berths are 280m in length, with a

depth of 12m alongside. A barge berth can accommodate two

barges up to 8,000 dwt each.

2.6 Lekir Bulk Terminal (4°08.7'N., 100°37.3'E.) is L-shaped

and handles bulk liquids and dry bulk cargo for the adjacent

power station. The S berth is 530m long, with 20m alongside,

and can accommodate vessels up to 180,000 dwt. The N berth

is 250m long, with 18m alongside, and can also accommodate

vessels up to 180,000 dwt. 

2.6 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and is available 24 hours.

The pilot boards S of Pulau Pangkor in position 4°10.5'N,

100°35.0'E. For vessels berthing at Lekir Bulk Terminal, the

pilot boards in position 4°09'N, 100°33'E. A notice of arrival

should be sent through the agent 72 hours in advance. 

2.6 Regulations.—Entry is prohibited in the area centered on

position 4°13.8'N, 100°35.3'E, as shown on the chart, where

there is a degaussing range.

2.6 Entry is prohibited in the charted area E of Dinding Light, on

the S side of the river to the N of the Lumut Naval Base to a position close W of Lumut.

2.6 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained approximately

0.7 mile S of South East Point Light, in about 22m.

Lumutport

http://www.lumutport.com/default.asp

Lumut—Maritime Terminal

Lekir Bulk Terminal
Sector 2. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang 19

Pub. 174

2.6 A designated quarantine anchorage, located near the S edge

of the harbor limits, is centered on position 4°10.76'N,

100°34.5'E, approximately 0.75 mile SW of South East Point.

2.6 There are several submarine cable areas in the passage

through Selat Dinding and the Sungai Dinding which can be

best seen on the chart. Anchoring is prohibited.

2.6 Directions.—A vessel bound for Lumut using Selat Dinding

should steer to pass 0.2 mile E of South East Point of Pulau

Pangkor, with Tanjong Hantu open E of Batu Jambol

(4°14'N., 100°35'E.). The fairway channel (Selat Dinding) is

indicated by a lighted range, which may best be seen on the

chart.

2.6 Continue N, maintaining the same distance off Tomb Point,

Hospital Rock, and Batu Jambol. Then alter course to cross the

bar of River Passage, keeping River Passage Buoy close to port

on the inbound leg and close to starboard on the outbound leg.

2.6 Caution.—Vessels are advised not to use Northwest Entrance without local knowledge due to the numerous dangers.

Pulau Tukun Perak (Fairway Rock) (4°08'N., 100°33'E.)

5.5m high lies about 4 miles SSW of Southeast Point on Pulau

Pangkor. A wreck, with a depth of 9.5m, lies 1.75 miles ENE

of Pulau Tukum Perak. 

Kepulauan Sembilan

2.7 Pulau Agas (4°04'N., 100°35'E.), the N of Kepulauan

Sembilan, lies about 7 miles S of Southeast Point. 

2.7 The N group consists of four islets and a rock; the S group

consists of six islands and two off-lying rocks, all within a 6

mile radius. 

2.7 White Rock (4°00'N., 100°30'E.) was reported to be a good

radar target up to 13 miles. A light is shown from White Rock. 

2.7 A dangerous wreck lies about 9 miles, bearing 260° from

White Rock; a racon is situated at the light.

2.7 Caution.—If approaching from S at night between the mainland and Kepulauan Sembilan, it is advisable to give Pulau

Agas a wide berth. This is due to the tidal currents around the

islands being strong and irregular.

2.8 Pulau Jarak (3°59'N., 100°06'E.), lying near the

middle of the Strait of Malacca about 25 miles W of Kepulauan

Sembilan (Sembilan Islands), is a precipitous thickly-wooded

island. Pulau Jarak was reported to be a good radar target.

2.8 The flood current sets SE and the ebb NW, at a rate of about

1.5 knots, in the vicinity of the island. Tidal rips have been observed E of the island.

Tanjong Katak to Tanjong Beras Basah

2.9 Tanjong Katak (4°09'N., 100°37'E.) is low and continues to the entrance of the Sungai Perak (Perak River), located about 14 miles SSE of Pulau Pangkor. 

2.9 The Sungai Perak is approached through Kuala Perak, a

wide shallow estuary and a buoyed channel leading E from the

fairway lighted buoy. 

2.9 Tanjong Beras Basah (4°00'N., 100°43'E.), the S point of

the approach to the Sungai Perak, is fronted by sand banks,

partly dry at LW, to a distance of 3.5 miles in a NW direction.

The Sungai Perak is navigable to Tuluk Intan, 30 miles inland

for those vessels able to clear the shallow depth in the approach.

2.10 Bagan Datoh (Datok) (3°59'N., 100°47'E.) (World

Port Index No. 49911) is situated on the S bank of the Sungai

Perak, about 4 miles E of Tanjong Beras Basah. Bagan Datoh

and Teluk Intan are no longer ports of any significance. Most

of the traffic is confined to a few coastal tankers transporting

oil supplies from Port Dickson, which will cease when the

planned bridge is constructed across the Sungai Perak.

2.10 Tides—Currents.—At the mouth of the Sungai Perak, the

currents attain a rate of 3 to 4 knots at springs, and 1.5 knots at

neaps. 

2.10 The current changes about 1 hour before HW and LW at

Bagan Datoh. In the channel E of the sea buoy, the currents set

across the channel NW with a falling tide at Bagan Datoh, and

SE with a rising tide.

2.10 Depths—Limitations.—River and local fishing vessels use

a T-shaped concrete pier, witha depth of 3m alongside.

2.10 Pilotage.—There are no regular pilots; however the marine

department of Teluk Intan will arrange a pilot with a 24-hour

notice. The pilot boards at the fairway lighted buoy.

2.10 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be taken about 0.3 mile from

the shore off the pier at Bagan Datoh, in about 6.4m, mud.

2.11 Teluk Intan (Anson) (4°01'N., 101°01'E.) (World

Port Index No. 49910) is on the right bank of the river about

30 miles from the entrance. Above Telok Anson, the river

shoals rapidly and is used only by small craft.

2.11 The Shell Oil Company Jetty is situated 1.3 miles below the

town. The jetty is T headed with a length of 20m and a depth of

5m alongside. North of the Shell Jetty is the Railway Pontoon

Jetty.The jetty consists of two pontoons 50m in length and us

used by local vessels. The Harbormaster’s Jetty is situated in

town and has a depth of 3m alongside.

2.11 The Sungai Bernam (Bernam River) (3°51'N., 100°49'E.) is

located about 12 miles SSE of Tanjong Beras Basah. Tidal currents are strong in the river and only small craft with local

knowledge should attempt to enter. 

2.11 Between Kuala Bernam (3°50'N., 100°47'E.) and Kuala

Selangor (3°20'N., 101°14'E.), about 39 miles SE, the coast is

low and fringed with mangroves. The mud banks fronting the

coast extend for less than 0.5 mile until within 5 miles of Kuala

Selangor where they extend for a distance of 2 miles.

2.11 A chain of shoals with depths of less than 5.5m lies 5 to 7

miles offshore about midway between Tanjong Sauh (3°47'N.,

100°49'E.) and Kuala Selangor. A spit with depths of less than

5.5m, bank off Kuala Selangor, extending towards the chain of

shoals described above.

2.11 Enclosures for catching fish are situated off and along the

coast a few miles apart. They are generally found in depths up

to 11m and are therefore useful in defining the shallow water.

2.11 Kuala Selangor has an entrance depth of 1.2m. A light is

shown from the S side of the entrance. The depths within the

entrance are from 2.1 to 5.8m but the anchorage is indifferent,

the holding ground being of soft mud and the tidal currents

strong. The Sungai Selangor is usually navigable for small

craft up to 1.8m draft for about 5 miles.

2.11 Kuala Selangor (3°21'N., 101°15'E.) (World Port Index No.

49920) is conspicuous by the light structure and various small

buildings at the foot of a hill.
20 Sector 2. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang 

Pub. 174

2.11 Caution.—The banks off the mouth of the Sungai Selangor

are reported to be extending seaward.

Kuala Selangor to Port Kelang

2.12 From Kuala Selangor to abreast the N end of Selat

Kelang Utara (Kelang Strait), about 18 miles S, the coast is

low, densely wooded, and flooded in most parts at HW. It is

fringed by a mud bank, which dries, extending about 1 mile

offshore, gradually closing the coast at the S end.

Offshore Dangers

2.13 North Sands (3°05'N., 101°01'E.) comprises various

sand banks and spits lying in a general NW and SE direction

between Angsa Bank and One Fathom Bank. The ports within

these sand banks are Batu Kineing, Blenhiem Shoal, and Goldfish Bank. These three areas can be best seen on the chart; a

1.8m wreck lies about 6 miles NW of Blenheim Shoal.

2.13 One Fathom Bank (2°53'N., 100°59'E.) is a detached patch,

with depths from 3 to 10m, which extends 5 miles in a NW direction reaching 1 mile in width. One Fathom Bank Light is

situated 0.6 mile from the SE extremity of the bank. A stranded

wreck is situated about 0.7 mile NW of the light.

2.13 Caution.—Vessels are advised not to navigate within 0.5

mile of One Fathom Bank Light due to unlit obstructions.

2.13 Amazon Mara Shoal, with a least depth of 8.4m, lies about

2.2 miles S of One Fathom Bank Light.

2.13 An IMO-adopted Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) has been

established in the vicinity of the One Fathom Bank in conjunction with the adoption of the Strait of Malacca and Singapore

Routing System.

2.13 A dangerous wreck, marked by a lighted buoy (2°16.1'N.,

101°47.8'E.), lies in the southeastbound lane of the Traffic Separation Scheme. Another dangerous wreck, with a depth of

16m over it, lies 10 miles WNW of One Fathom Bank and is

situated near the N edge of the southeastbound traffic lane.

Selat Kelang Utara—North Approach

2.14 The N approach is bounded on the W side by Angsa

Bank, which extends 25 miles in a NW direction from Pulau

Kelang (3°04'N., 101°19'E.), and on the E by the extensive

mud bank with rocks above water in places, fronting the coast

S of the Sungai Selangor. Discolored water marks the edges of

these banks.

2.14 Approaching Selat Kelang Utara for Port Kelang from the N, a

vessel should keep well clear of the N extremity of Angsa Bank. 

2.14 Angsa Bank North Cardinal Light Float (3°20'N.,

101°00'E.) is moored off the NW end of Angsa Bank, about 15

miles W of Kuala Selangor Light. The bottom is soft and not

likely to damage a vessel touching, and the water is invariably

smooth. From a position about 12 miles W of Kuala Selangor

light, a vessel should steer SE into the strait. 

2.14 Upon sighting Pulau Angsa (3°11'N., 101°13'E.), the vessel

should steer for it, bearing 154° until about 4 miles from it. 

2.14 Bukit Jugra (2°50'N., 101°26'E.), a hill, just open E of Pulau Angsa, bearing 150°, will lead between the W mud bank

and Batu Penyu (3°14'N., 101°13'E.). A light is shown from

Bukit Jugra, Pulau Angsa, and Batu Penyu. 

2.14 When abreast of Pulau Angsa, the course should be altered

to about 130° to pass through the dredged channel of which ahs

a depth of 11.1m. 

2.14 The lighthouse at Pulau Angsa is linked by VHF with the

Harbormaster’s office at Port Kelang.

2.14 Fishing stakes extend into deep water on either side of the

strait but are generally within the 10m curve. They are continually being shifted, but do not extend into the main channel.

Fishing boats at times frequent the approach to Selat Kelang

Utara (North Kelang Strait) in great numbers and lay their drift

nets across the channel. These nets are marked by wooden

floats and have a boat at each end of the net.

2.14 Caution.—Uncharted drying banks lie from 2.75 miles SW

to 4.5 miles W of the E entrance point to Kuala Selangor

(3°20'N., 101°14'E.).

Selat Kelang Utara—South Approach

2.15 Selat Kelang Selatan (2°57'N., 101°18'E.), the S entrance to Selat Kelang Utara, lies between Pulau Lumut on the

E side and Pulau Pintu Gedung, Pulau Che Mat Zin, and Pulau

Kelang on the W. Its narrowest part is under 0.5 mile wide

abreast of Pulau Che Mat Zin (2°55'N., 101°16'E.). The S approach has a dredged to a depth of 15m. 

2.15 The channel is 366m wide and can accommodate two-way

traffic. Range lights have been established at Tanjong Mahang (2°55'N., 101°16'E.). The lights in line bear 011°.

2.15 Caution.—A dangerous wreck is reported to lie in approximate position 2°51'00"N, 101°11'23"E.

Port Kelang (Klang) (3°00'N., 101°24'E.)

World Port Index No. 49930

2.16 Port Kelang (Klang) is the principal port of Malaysia

and the nearest port to the capital of Kuala Lumpar, which lies

40 miles to the E. The port is situated on the W coast of the

One Fathom Bank Light Malaysian Peninsula at the N end of the Strait of Malacca. It is
Sector 2. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang 21

Pub. 174

well sheltered by surrounding islands and forms a natural enclosure. Port Kelang is the 12th largest container port in the

world (2002). The port consists of North Port, South Point, and

West Port. 

2.16 Winds—Weather.—Fog is rare although haze is present in

the Strait of Malacca from March through August. 

2.16 Visibility is reduced in dense rains, the heaviest of which occur in October and November. Severe weather at Port Kelang is

rare and both the south and N ports are protected by the natural

configuration of land. 

2.16 The tidal currents run with considerable strength, but were

found not to exceed, as a general rule, 3 knots, the maximum

velocity being attained about 2 hours before HW and LW. They

generally set parallel to the shore in both straits. 

2.16 Care must be taken when passing the various creeks and

channels. This is especially important when off Pulau Che Mat

Zin.

2.16 Off the S extremity of Pulau Pintu Gedong, at springs and

neaps, the N currents begin 2 hours 30 minutes after HW at

Port Kelang (South Port); at springs this S current starts 3

hours before, and at neaps 3 hours 30 minutes before HW at

Port Kelang (South Port). There is a period of slack water for

45 minutes at springs and 1 hour at neaps.

2.16 Off Pulau Angsa at springs the N current commences 1 hour

45 minutes after and at neaps 1 hour 15 minutes after HW at

Pulau Angsa; at springs the S current starts 5 hours 15 minutes

before and at neaps 4 hours 45 minutes before HW at Pulau

Angsa. There is a period of slack water for about 1 hour at

springs and about 1 hour 30 minutes at neaps.

2.16 At Port Kelang (South Port) the tidal currents attain a velocity of

from 2.5 to 3 knots at springs, the E and S current being stronger

than the W and N current. They attain their maximum velocity

about 2 hours before HW and LW by the shore.

2.16 Tides—Currents.—The direction of the tidal current at the

wharves at Port Kelang (South Port) is denoted by a white ball

at the signal station, at the S yardarm for the flood current, at

the N yardarm for the ebb current, and in the center for slack

water. The current at the buoys where the ocean-going vessels

lie, changes a little later, and captains of vessels when going

alongside the wharves should be guided by the signals.

2.16 Depths—Limitations.—Entry into Port Kelang is via a N

approach channel and a S approach channel. The N channel is

dredged to 11.1m over a maximum width of 152m. The S

channel is dredged to a depth of 15m over a maximum width of

366m. Both channels and the fairways leading to North Port

and South Port are well marked by navigational aids. 

2.16 There are entry restrictions for vessels calling on South Port.

Dry cargo vessels cannot exceed 183m in length and tank vessels 170m in length. The maximum draft allowable for these

vessels is 9.8m. 

2.16 Tidal conditions govern movements of all vessels that are

over 91m long. At the N extension wharves, container ships up

to 289m long can berth.

2.16 The accompanying tables provides details on the facilities at

Port Kelang.

Port Klang Authority

http://www.pka.gov.my

http://www.lpk.gov.my

Northport (Malaysia) Bhd.

http://www.northport.com.my

Westport Malaysia 

http://www.westportmalaysia.com.my

Port Kelang—Port Facilities—North Port

Berth Length Depth Type of cargo

8 213m 10.5m Containers

9 320m 13.2m Containers

10 320m 13.2m Containers

11 226m 13.2m Containers

12 176m 9.1m General cargo

13 176m 15.0m General cargo

14 176m 9.1m General cargo

15 213m 15.0m General cargo

16 213m 11.5m General cargo

17 213m 13.0m Containers

18 213m 13.0m Containers

19 213m 13.0m Containers

20 213m 13.0m Containers

21 213m 13.0m Containers

22 213m 11.6m Bulk liquid

23 213m 11.6m Bulk liquid

24 213m 11.0m Dry bulk

25 213m 11.0m Dry bulk

Port Kelang—Port Facilities—West Port

Berth Length Depth Type of cargo

DB1 200m 15.0m Dry bulk

DB2 250m 13.5m Slag terminal

Cement 285m 11.0m Cement terminal

B03 200m 15.0m Breakbulk

B04 200m 15.0m Breakbulk

B05 200m 15.0m Breakbulk

B06 200m 15.0m Breakbulk

B07 300m 15.0m Containers

B08 300m 15.0m Containers

B09 300m 15.0m Containers
22 Sector 2. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Piandang to Port Kelang 

Pub. 174

2.16 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels 28m long

and over and is available 24 hours. The vessel’s ETA should be

sent 7 days in advance.

2.16 The vessel’s agent orders pilots 2 hours before the vessel’s

arrival, stating:

1. Vessel’s ETA.

2. Length.

3. Draft.

4. Point of entry.

5. Time pilot service is required.

2.16 Pilots board, as follows:

1. Northern Approach—0.8 mile N of Pulau Angsa

Light.

2. Southern Approach—0.8 mile S of Pintu Gedong

Lighted Buoy.

2.16 Regulations.—The following regulations are in effect within the limits of Port Kelang:

1. No vessel or small craft shall anchor in the fairway of

the mouth of the Sungai Kelang.

2. All vessels equipped with VHF radio are required to

maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 12

when navigating or at anchor within the harbor.

3. No vessel shall move at an excessive speed within

port limits. Every vessel shall, when approaching or passing

any other vessel, reduce speed in sufficient time to prevent

her wash or low wave from causing any danger, damage or

inconvenience.

4. No vessel shall proceed to or depart from any wharf

or buoy owned by the Government or Port Authority unless a

licensed pilot is aboard. 

5. The master of a vessel of less than 75 tons may, on application to the Harbormaster, be granted an exception to this

regulation.

6. When two vessels are approaching the port, the one

by Selat Kelang Utara, and the other by Selat Kelang Selatan, so that both may arrive off Tanjong Gila (3°00'N.,

101°22'E.) at the same time, the vessel stemming the tide

shall give way to the vessel with the following tide and allow

it to enter Port Kelang (South Port) first.

2.16 Anchorage.—Anchorages can be obtained over all parts of

the N approach in convenient depths, the bottom being of mud

and sand. Five special purpose anchorages, best seen on the

chart, have been established and include areas for explosives,

LASH Operations, container vessels and ro-ro ships awaiting

berths, and foreign tugs and barges. Vessels awaiting a pilot,

may anchor 1 mile E of Pulau Angsa, or in the S approach, 0.5

mile S of Seaward Bar Buoy. Within the harbor limits, anchor

as instructed by the Harbormaster.

2.16 The Sungai Kelang, the mouth of which is located about 0.2

mile NNW of Port Kelang (South Port), extends 30 or 40 miles

inland. The river, which is narrow and tortuous, is used only by

small craft with a draft of 1.8m at HW, as far as the town of Kelang.

2.17 Selat Lumut (2°53'N., 101°17'E.) separates the E

side of Pulau Lumut from the mainland. It has a least width of

about 0.1 mile, with both sides of the S entrance fringed by

mud banks. Selat Lumut has not been surveyed in detail, but

appears to be navigable by vessels of not more than 3m draft. 

2.17 From Tanjong Selat Lumut (2°52'N., 101°17'E.), the S entrance point for Selat Lumut, the coast trends S and SE.

B10 300m 15.0m Containers

B11 300m 15.0m Containers

B12 300m 15.0m Containers

LB1 305m 15.0m Bulk liquid

LB2 320m 15.0m Bulk liquid

LB3 193m 10.0m Bulk liquid

Port Kelang—Port Facilities—South Point

Berth Length Depth Type of cargo

1 176m 10.5m Bulk liquid

2 176m 10.5m Bulk liquid

3 167m 10.0m Bulk liquid

4 146m 9.1m Bulk grain

5 106m 6.1m Coastal

6 91m 5.5m Coastal

7 94m 5.5m Coastal

7A 94m 5.5m Coastal

Port Kelang—Port Facilities—West Port

Berth Length Depth Type of cargo
Pub. 174

3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera

3.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 3 — CHART INFORMATION
25

Pub. 174

SECTOR 3 

THE STRAIT OF MALACCA—NORTH COAST OF SUMATERA

3.0 Plan.—This sector describes the N coast of Sumatera

(Sumatra) including the islands N. The arrangement is N to S

from the N island of Pulau Rondo to the coast, thence E from

the W extremity of the N coast. 

General Remarks

3.1 Winds—Weather.—At the N and NE portion of

Sumatera, during the Northeast Monsoon, there is generally a

swell on the coast, which gives rise to a considerable sea in the

afternoon if accompanied by a stiff sea breeze. Both subside

quickly, so that the water is generally smooth at night. At times

the monsoon blows strongly for some days, at which times

communication with the shore is impracticable. 

3.1 December and January are considered to be the worst

months. The Southwest Monsoon is the best for landing on this

portion of Sumatera. 

3.1 Rain occurs throughout the year in Sumatera. The period of

the greater or less rainfall on the N half of the island does not

correspond with the periods of the monsoons.

3.1 The greatest rainfall on the N coast of Ujung Masam Muka

(5°34'N., 95°13'E.) and the off-lying islands usually occurs in

the months of October and November, the months preceding

the change to the Northeast Monsoon. The least rainfall occurs

in February and March, the months preceding the change to the

Southwest Monsoon. The rainfall on the off-lying islands is

about double that on the N coast.

3.1 The climate of the N coast of Sumatera (NW extremity) is

damp. The temperature ranges from 25° to 35°C. It is subject

to great and sudden changes, which may vary in different localities. On the N and NW coast the months of March and April

are hot.

3.1 Tides—Currents.—The flood sets E on the N coast of

Sumatera and the ebb W, rarely exceeding 2 knots at springs. 

3.1 At neaps, they are sometimes imperceptible, except at the

points or over banks and narrow channels. 

3.1 The currents are affected by the constant current out of the

Strait of Malacca, which takes a W direction along the N coast

through Sempitan Malaka (Malacca Passage). The currents

pass through Selat Benggala (Bengal Passage); for the greater

part of the year the ebb current is longer and stronger than the

flood current.

3.1 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all the ports of the Republic of Indonesia where pilots are available. Signals for a pilot are in accordance with the International Code of Signals. 

3.1 Regulations.—An extensive prohibited area, in which fishing and other activities not associated with the innocent passage of foreign vessels are prohibited, has been established off

the coastline of NW Sumatera and is bound by lines joining the

following positions: 

a. 5°43.2'N, 94°46.5'E.

b. 5°51.0'N, 94°46.7'E.

c. 6°13.5'N, 94°59.5'E.

d. 6°16.0'N, 95°10.1'E.

e. 5°40.4'N, 96°00.5'E.

f. 5°29.0'N, 96°49.4'E.

g. 5°29.2'N, 97°33.5'E.

h. 5°01.0'N, 98°03.4'E.

i. 4°33.8'N, 98°25.9'E.

3.1 This prohibited area does not apply to foreign vessels supporting offshore terminals. Mariners should consult with local

authorities for further information.

3.1 Caution.—Indonesia has implemented the IALA Maritime

Buoyage System. In some areas, however, obsolete systems

may still exist. 

3.1 As a result of cataclysmic damage created by a major tsunami in 2004, ports in this sector may be closed; depths, sea bed

topography, and buoyage may not be as charted. Mariners are

urged to contact local authorities for the latest information. 

Islands off the North Coast of Sumatera

3.2 Pulau Rondo (6°05'N., 95°07'E.) is the northwesternmost of the islands lying off Ujung Masam Muka, the NW

point of Sumatera.

3.2 The island is 153m high, wooded, steep-to on its N side, and

about 30 miles offshore. It appears from all sides as a flattened

half sphere. Rocky islets lie on a reef which extends about 1

mile S from the islands SW side and is steep-to on its outer

edge. Ocean-going vessels bound E pass N of Pulau Rondo.

3.2 An off-lying bank, with a least depth of 51m, coral rock and

sand, lies with its center located about 13 miles NW of Pulau

Rondo.

3.2 Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of about 14m, during

the Northeast Monsoon, with the SW extremity of Pulau Rondo bearing 103° and the NW extremity bearing 044°. There are

strong tide rips off the island and up to 20 miles WNW.

3.3 Pulau Beueh (Pulau Brouch) (5°45'N., 95°04'E.),

about 20 miles S of Pulau Rondo, is the largest of the westernmost islands off Ujung Masam Muka. It attains a height of

685m at Ceumo (Tjeumo), a summit in the middle of the island. This is a rugged island, with several bays affording anchorage according to the prevailing monsoon. A light is shown

from the N extremity of the island.

3.3 The coast is generally steep and craggy from the sea, but in a

few places ledges and rocks extend 0.25 mile offshore; there

are sandy beaches within the bays and along almost all the S

coast. Vessels approaching Pulau Beueh (Pulau Breueh) from

the W are cautioned to give it a wide berth, because of the tide

rips and strong currents off Northwest Island (Pulau Benggala) (5°48'N., 94°58'E.).

3.3 Lho Leuen Bale, on the NE side of Pulau Breueh, is nearly

1.5 miles wide between its entrance points, with a depth of

about 33m on a line joining them. Ujung Puneus (Ujung Peuneu), the N entrance point, is precipitous, with a depth of

34.7m close-to. A strong tidal current usually sets N past

Ujung Puneus.
26 Sector 3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera 

Pub. 174

3.4 Fleurs Rock (5°45'N., 94°59'E.), a rock awash, lies 2

miles NW of the W point of Pulau Breueh. The water in the vicinity of Fleurs Rock is discolored, and breaks at times.

3.4 Anchorage.—Depths of 27.4 to 36.6m will generally be

found within about 1 mile off Pulau Breueh. Vessels may find

temporary anchorage during fine weather, however, the bottom

is foul in most places, consisting of coral or rock. In the bay the

bottom is mostly sand.

3.4 Good anchorage may be obtained during the Southwest

Monsoon, in a depth of 12.8m, in Lho Leuen Bale, close SW of

Ujung Puneus. Squalls from the hills are sometimes violent,

the water is smooth, but a considerable sea sets in during the

Northeast Monsoon. 

3.4 A safe anchorage may be obtained during the Northeast

Monsoon in Balken Bay (5°43'N., 95°02'E.), in depths of from

14.6 to 16.5m, fine sand; in the Southwest Monsoon there is a

considerable swell and sea. 

3.5 Lho Lam Baro (5°40'N., 95°03'E.), S of Balken Bay,

affords anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon. A good position, in a depth of 16.5m, is with the NW point of the bay bearing 292°, and the S point 190°. 

3.5 The bays on the W side of Pulau Breueh are not available

during the Southwest Monsoon. 

3.5 The passage between the N entrance point of Lhok Lam Baro and the W side of Pulau (Poelau) Klappa is not recommended even though it has adequate depths because of its seas and

currents.

3.5 Pulau Benggala (Northwest Island), bearing 295°, distance

about 5.7 miles from the light on Pulau Breueh, is a small,

rocky island fringed by a narrow reef of rocks. 

3.5 Three small, rocky islands lie off the N coast of Pulau

Breueh. The westernmost islands, known as the Hoog Islands,

fairly close together, are located about 2.7 miles 274° from the

light on Pulau Breueh. 

3.5 Pulau Lheeblah (Kegel Island), the N island, lies about 2

miles 305° from the same light. The sea will break on these islands even in moderate weather. 

3.5 There is a passage between Pulau Benggala (Northwest Island) and the inner islands but it is recommended to pass outside them all.

A depth of 34.7m was reported to lie about 13 miles WNW

of the light on the N extremity of Pulau Breueh. 

3.5 Pulau Keureuse lies about 0.6 mile off the SW end of Pulau

Breueh. A sand bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends

NE for a distance of about 0.3 mile from the NE coast.

3.5 Aroih Keureuse is the passage between Pulau Breueh and

Pulau Keureuse. The passage has a least depth of 12.8m with a

least width of about 0.4 mile and is navigable. The tidal currents are strong, attaining a maximum velocity of 5 knots.

3.6 Pulau Gepon (5°37'N., 95°03'E.) is a group of four

islands 0.5 mile in length, lying about 0.5 mile off the S side of

Pulau Keureuse. The area has not been closely surveyed. The

islands may be approached close-to as all the rocks dry and are

located near the shore. The tidal currents are weak between Pulau Gepon and Pulau Kereuse.

3.6 Pulau Nasi (Peunasoe) (5°37'N., 95°09'E.) nearly joins the

SE point of Pulau Breueh, being separated by Aroih Lam Puyang. The coast line is rocky in places with sandy beaches chiefly on the W side.

3.7 Aroih Lam Puyang (5°40'N., 95°09'E.) is a rocky

channel about 183m wide, with a fairway depth of 20.1m. The

passage should only be used by small vessels as the tidal currents are uncertain and the shoals bordering the fairway are unmarked. 

3.7 Lhok Pasi Janing is on the W side of Pulau Nasi. During the

Northeast Monsoon, there is good anchorage, in depths of 11 to

14.6m, fine sand. It is not available to anchor during the Southwest Monsoon. 

3.7 On the S side, Lhok Alur Ajeum (5°36'N., 95°08'E.) is

available for temporary anchorage, in depths of about 12.8 to

18.3m. During W winds, the anchorage is not tenable. 

3.7 On the NE side of Pulau Nasi sunken rocks extend out to the

10m curve. Vessels without local knowledge should not go inside this line. 

Aroih Raya (Cedar Passage) (5°35'N., 95°09'E.) lies between Pulau Nasi on the N, and Pulau Bunta (Boenta) and Pulau Batee on the S, and is about 1.7 miles wide.

3.7 Ujung Naleueng (Ujung Batte), the SW extremity of Pulau

Nasi, is the NW point of the W entrance.

3.7 Pulau Bunta (Pulau Boenta) lies between Aroih Raya and

Aroih Cut (Aroih Tjoet) (5°32'N., 95°09'E.).

3.7 A shoal, with a depth of 3m, lies about 4 miles SW of Pulau

Nasi. A shoal with a depth of 8.5m, lies about 2 miles S of Pulau Bunta. 

3.7 Pulau Batee, lying about 1 mile NE of the E end of Pulau

Bunta, is mostly wooded, and rises to 129m. The island is long

and narrow. The mountain range runs along its NE side. 

A rock, awash, with sunken rocks N of it, lies about midway

between the entrances to Cedar Passage. A sunken wreck, dangerous to surface navigation, lies 1 mile NW of Pulau Usamlakoh and can best be seen on the chart.

3.7 Tides—Currents.—The flood sets E from about LW to

about HW at rates of from 3.5 to 4 knots and the ebb W at rates

of 4.5 to 5 knots. The ebb is usually of longer duration than the

flood and there is but little slack water. At neap tides and also

during the Northeast Monsoon there is little or no or flood or

ebb current.

3.7 In Aroih Raya, the current reaches its greatest strength along

the N coast of Pulau Batee. Vessels must beware of an eddy at

ebb tide flowing due S of the SE point of Pulau Peunasoe and a

strong current setting in between the W point of Pulau Batee.

3.7 Tides rips, at times appearing almost like breakers, form in

Aroih Raya and Aroih Cut. They are most violent during the

ebb current in the Southwest Monsoon and during the flood in

the Northeast Monsoon, that is, with the wind against the current. In the latter season they are comparatively moderate.

They are sometimes dangerous to small vessels at anchor in the

passages.

3.7 A dangerous eddy is off Lumpat; when combined with the

tidal current between Pulau Bunta and Pulau Batee, it can

cause a confused sea. Sometimes this assumes the character of

a whirlpool. 

3.7 Aroih Cut (Aroih Tjoet) is funnel-shaped and narrows from

about 2 miles in its W entrance to less than 0.2 mile at Ujung

Masam Muka (5°34'N., 95°11'E.), with depths of 16.5 to

49.3m.The flood current sets NE directly through the passage,

and the ebb in the opposite direction, at rates of 5 to 6 knots at
Sector 3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera 27

Pub. 174

springs. In the narrowest part, abreast of Lumpat (5°35'N.,

95°13'E.), the eddies make steering difficult.

3.7 Depths—Limitations.—Depths from 33 to 59m were reported to lie about 3 miles N of Ujung Bau.

3.7 Directions.—Aroih Raya should be used only by power vessels because of the strong tidal currents. 

3.7 A vessel approaching from the S should give the W point of

Pulau Bunta a berth of at least 1 mile. When the N point of that

island bears 090°, pass N, and then NE.

3.7 Aroih Cut (Aroih Tjoet) may be used by small vessels with a

speed of not less than 8 knots. A vessel approaching from S

should steer for Ujung Raya, which is difficult to identify from

a distance. 

3.7 After rounding this point steer for the NE entrance of the

strait. A good speed must be maintained when passing through

this narrow passage. 

3.7 A vessel bound W through Aroih Cut (Aroih Tjoet) should

steer for the summit of Pulau Bunta, bearing about 247°, passing midway between Ujung Masam Muka and Lumpat

(5°35'N., 95°13'E.), then closing the SE shore of the passage,

especially during the W currents. 

3.8 Pulau We (5°50'N., 95°19'E.), the NE and largest of

the islands off the N coast of Sumatera, is separated from the

coast by Sempitan Malaka (Malacca Passage) (5°45'N.,

95°23'E.), about 9 miles wide. 

3.8 Kulam, the highest point of the island, is 657m high and is

located 2 miles N of the SW point of the island. 

3.8 Except in a few places the coast is rocky, with the exception

of Karang Berduri (5°46'N., 95°20'E.) located off the S extremity of the island. Vessels can approach the island fairly

close at any point. The E and W coasts are fairly straight, with

deep water generally close to the N coast is indented by Lhok

Perialakot and Teluk Sabang, and the S coast by Teluk Balohan. 

3.8 Safe anchorage can only be obtained in the innermost portion of the large bays near the shore.

3.8 Ujung Bau, the NW extremity of Pulau We descends from

the mountain to the sea. A rock, over which there is very little

water, is reported to lie about 0.3 mile off the W coast in the vicinity of Ujung Bau. The W coast is bold, except for a sandy

bay near its center. There is an explosive dumping ground centered 7 miles WNW of Ujung Bau.

3.9 Karang Berduri, a rock small and awash, lies about

0.3 mile S of the S extremity of the island. A rock with a depth

of 5.5m lies about 0.2 mile SE of the same point. There are

usually strong tide rips or overfalls near these rocks and frequently they have been observed as breakers. 

3.9 Teluk Balohan, on the SE side of Pulau We, is nearly 2 miles

in length, and 1.5 miles in breadth across the entrance, with

depths of from 54.9 to 128m in the outer part. A reef fringes

the E and W shores of the bay for a distance of 91m. A narrow

coral bank fringes the shores of the bay. 

3.9 Anchorage may be obtained, in not less than 29.3m, about

91m off the sandy shore at the head of the bay. It can be used in

both monsoons, but most shelter is afforded during the Southwest Monsoon.

3.9 Ujung Tapagajah, the NE point of the island, is marked by a

light, from which a radiobeacon transmits.

3.9 Teluk Sabang (5°53'N., 95°18'E.) is nearly 1 mile in length,

the entrance being about 0.4 mile wide and the depths from 20

to 40m, with a bottom of sand, coral, and gravel. A light is

shown from the N side of the entrance of Teluk Sabang.

3.9 To the S of Pulau Klah (5°53'N., 95°18'E.) near the head of

Teluk Sabang, is Lho Krueng Raja, a small bay about 0.5 mile

long and 0.25 mile wide. 

3.9 It is approached by a channel less than 183m in width to the

E of Pulau Klah, with depths of about 5 to 6.9m, but inside it

deepens to 18.3m over mud.

3.9 The E side of Teluk Sabang is fronted by a bank with depths

under 5.5m to a distance of 183m.

3.10 Sabang (5°53'N., 95°19'E.) (World Port Index No.

50610) is situated at the N end of the bay and offers good shelter year round. Sabang is a free port. A small commercial port

and naval base are situated here. 

3.10 Depths—Limitations.—A general quay, 328m in length,

with a depth of 8m alongside, lies at the N end of the harbor. A

tanker berth, 15m in length, with a depth of 9m alongside, is

situated on the SE side of Tanjung Lhok Me. The naval base

has 180m of berthing, with 9m alongside. The PBS Quay is

50m in length, with 8m alongside.

3.10 Tides—Currents.—The range of the tide is 1.4m. No currents are experienced in Teluk Sabang or at the entrance. However, there is always a strong E current directly N of the

entrance off Ujung Masam (5°54'N., 95°18'E.). 

3.10 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. The signal station is on

Peunimpun Hill (5°54'N., 95°19'E.). Pilots act as harbormasters for anchoring and berthing. Vessels should request the service of a pilot as early as possible. A small tug is available if

ordered in advance.

3.10 Communications with the Peunimpun Hill Signal Station

can be carried out by signal flag during daylight and by flashing light at night. 

3.10 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained in Teluk Sabang,

about 0.3 mile E of Ujung Lho Me, on the N side of the bay. A

depth of 36.6m, good holding ground, mud, is available.

3.10 Directions.—Vessels approaching Teluk Sabang from the N

should steer for Pulau Klah, keeping at least 1 mile offshore,

especially in the vicinity of Ujung Masam, in order to allow for

the E current, until the bay is well open. 

3.11 Lhok Perialakot is the head of the bay lying between

Ujung Bau and Ujung Tapagajah, (Tapa Gadjah), 6.5 miles

apart, between which points the bay extends S for about 4

miles, with Teluk Sabang on its E shore. Lhok Perialakot is

about 2 miles in length and breadth, with good anchorage near

its head, in 16.5 to 21.9m.

3.11 Ujung Batu Meurunrun (5°52'N., 95°16'E.), the E extremity of the bight in which Pulau Rubiah is located, has above-water rocks on the reef which extends about 0.1 mile NNE.

3.11 Pulau Rubiah (5°53'N., 95°15'E.), nearly 0.9 mile in length,

in a NNW and SSE direction, consists of small wooded hillocks, the highest being 40m in height.

3.11 Tides—Currents.—The flood, or SE current, increased by

the E current which prevails N of Pulau We, sets into the strait

between Pulau Rubiah and the main island at the rate of 3 knots

at springs; the ebb current is much weaker.

3.11 Selat Benggala (Bengalen Passage), formed between Pulau
28 Sector 3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera 

Pub. 174

Breueh and Pulau We, is about 10 miles wide and deep. It is the

best approach for coastal vessels with local knowledge to the

Strait of Malacca from W. Southwest or NE winds, according

to the time of year, always prevail, and are fairly steady.

3.11 Vessels should approach the passage from E of Pulau Benggala (Northwest Island) to avoid the dangers between it and

Pulau Breueh. There is generally a NW current of from 1 to 2

knots through the fairway of Selat Benggala.

3.11 Caution.—A small area located between the SW side of Pulau Rubiah and the main island is reported to be dangerous due

to the presence mines.

North Coast of Sumatera

3.12 The coast between Ujung Masam Muka (5°34'N.,

95°13'E.) and Tanjung Jambuair is about 140 miles in length. 

3.12 At various distances inland there are several mountain ranges. Vessels can fix their positions by using these mountain

peaks. Many of these peaks are within 12 miles of the coast.

3.12 Ujung Masam Muka, with Ujung Raya (Ujung Raja) located

3.5 miles to the SSW of it, form the extremity of the island of

Sumatera. Between Ujung Masam Muka and Ujung Baka

(5°39'N., 95°26'E.), about 14 miles ENE, the coast is rocky and

steep for about 1 mile SE of the former, then it is sandy. 

3.12 Except off Ujung Masam Muka, the depths decrease gradually towards the coast. The bottom is composed of black sand

for about 3 miles offshore, and white sand and shells beyond

that. The mouth of a shallow lagoon lies close E of Ujung Pantu (Ujung Pantjoe), located about 1 mile ESE of Ujung Masam

Muka. 

3.13 Uleelheue (Oelee Lheue) (5°34'N., 95°17'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50600) is situated on a narrow spit of land separating a lagoon from the sea.

3.13 Winds—Weather.—During the Southwest Monsoon, violent gusts blow from the valley S of Ujung Masam Muka. During the Northeast Monsoon the sea and swell are heavy. The

sea almost breaks in 5.5m. Land and sea breezes often blow

during both seasons.

3.13 Tides—Currents.—The flood setting against the prevailing

W current is weak. The ebb or W current runs longer and with

greater strength than the flood. The mean rate of the flood is

0.5 knot; the ebb rate is 0.75 knot. During the Southwest Monsoon, the currents are weak.

3.13 Depths—Limitations.—A wharf 61m in length with a

depth of 5m alongside is situated here. Vessels of not more

than 500 grt can be accommodated.

3.13 Pilotage.—Pilotage is not available.

3.13 Anchorage.—Uleelheue Road affords a good anchorage, in

depths of 7 to 9m, black sand and good holding ground, off the

pier. A long scope of chain is necessary, and vessels of deep

draft should anchor farther out, a second anchor should be

ready. There is a heavy sea at times in both monsoons, and

smooth water can only be depended on for a week or two at the

change of the monsoons.

3.13 Directions.—Approaching Uleelheue roadstead from NE a

vessel should keep Pulau Tuan (5°34'N., 95°15'E.) in line with

Gle Layang (Lajang) (5°33'N., 95°13'E.), about 2 miles S of

Ujung Masam Muka, bearing 235°, which leads through in a

least depth of 9m. 

3.13 From the NW, the approach is from Selat Benggala (Bengalen Passage). The mouth of the Krueng Aceh (Acheh River) is

nearly 3 miles NE of Uleelheue. The mouth of the river is

barred and it breaks at LW. 

3.13 Caution.—In order to avoid two dangerous wrecks, vessels

should not anchor E of the bearing of 320° from the head of the

pier.

3.14 Pulau Buro (Boero) (5°41'N., 95°23'E.), a rocky

cone-shaped island, lies in Sempitan Malaka (Malacca Passage), about 4 miles WNW of Ujung Baka (Pedropunt). 

3.14 Caution is necessary when approaching the island during

light winds, as the tidal currents set strongly over the surrounding reef. A light is shown from the island. 

3.14 Ujung Baka (5°39'N., 95°26'E.), is the N point of Sumatera.

The appearance of the coast has changes at Ujung Baka. W of

it the coast is flat, but eastward it is hilly.

3.14 Ujung Pidie is about 29 miles E of Ujung Baka (Pedropunt). 

3.14 The hills are reported to approach the coast nearly the entire

distance. The flat swamp shore only attains any considerable

breadth on the W and S sides of Teluk Kruengraya (Krung

Raya Bay) (5°37'N., 95°30'E.). 

3.15 Kruengraya (Malahayati Port) (5°36'N., 95°30'E.)

has one concrete jetty in good condition.

3.15 Depths—Limitations.—The T-head jetty is 100m long and

15m wide, with a depth of 6.7m alongside. There is a mooring

dolphin on each side of the jetty head. A connecting bridge extends 100m from the shore to the T-head. One vessel up to

10,000 dwt, with a length of 80m and a draft of 8m, can be accommodated.

3.15 Aspect.—Gunung Silaw Aihagam (Seulawaih Agam)

(5°27'N., 95°39'E.), a cone shaped peak 1,810m high, may be

sighted at a considerable distance in clear weather. 

3.15 Gunung Silaw Aihinong (Seulawaih Inong), 893m in height,

is located about 7 miles E of Gunung Silaw Aihagam and about

8 miles SW of Ujung Pidie. It is easily recognized by its flattened cone, which has a slight depression in the middle.

3.15 Kruengraya Light (Malahayati Port Light) is shown, 1 mile

SW of the Krueng Raya entrance.

3.15 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot may be contacted on VHF channel 12.

3.15 Anchorage.—Anchorage is not recommended off the coast

between Ujung Baka and Ujung Pidie, in depths of less than

about 15m. The bottom is mostly rocky especially off the headlands. 

3.15 Teluk Kruengraya is deep for anchorage and the bottom on

the W side of the bay is foul. However, Teluk Kruengraya does

provide the only anchorage on the N coast of Sumatera that is

usually free from swell in both monsoons. 

3.15 The recommended position is at the head of the bay, 0.3 mile

offshore, in a depth of 32m. Temporary anchorage may be obtained on the 10m coral patch. 

3.15 Good anchorage for small vessels exist E of Pulau Kapal, in

a depth of 11m, on the alignment of the S extremity of Pulau

Kapal and Pulau Buro, in line bearing 296°.

3.16 Ujung Bateeputeh (Batu Putih) lying 10.5 miles E of

Ujung Baka, is formed of chalk and sandstone, falls steeply to

the sea and is easily recognized by a large white patch showing
Sector 3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera 29

Pub. 174

up on green land.

Lampanaih (Lam Panaih) (5°36'N., 95°40'E.), a village, has

a white building conspicuous from seaward. The village is situated on the coast 4.5 miles SE of Ujung Bateeputeh.

3.16 About 10 miles SE of Lampanaih is Blangraya (Blang Raja),

a village off which, within the 5m curve, are three detached

rocks, with a depth of about 0.5m, on which the sea always

breaks. Landing may be made on the E side of Blangraya.

3.16 Ujung Pidie (5°30'N., 95°53'E.) being the extremity of a

range of hills sloping steeply to the sea, is easily recognized;

the coral reef fronting it is steep-to, extending 91m off it, and at

a distance of 0.5 mile the depths are about 32.9m. 

3.16 The distance from Ujung Pidie to Ujung Raja (5°14'N.,

96°28'E.) is about 38 miles. The coast consists of a narrow strip

of sandy coast covered by brushwood. Small fishing villages

are scattered along this coast.

3.16 Krueng Baro (5°23'N., 95°58'E.), which flows into the sea

about 9 miles SE of Ujung Pidie, is the principal river on this

part of the coast. 

3.16 Between it and Kuala Njong, about 12 miles farther SE, and

from about 0.5 to 1 mile inland, is a series of dense coconut

forests, seaward of which the land is reported to be comparatively bare. 

3.16 Sigli (5°23'N., 95°58'E.) is situated at the SE mouth of

Krueng Baro. The port is used only by small craft. 

3.16 Good, but open anchorage may be obtained, in depths of 13

to 14.5m, mud, about 0.8 mile off Sigli, with Ujung Pidie bearing 323° and the flagstaff at Sigli bearing 243°. 

3.17 Kuala Njong (5°16'N., 96°08'E.) is situated about 10

miles SE of Sigli. Its entrance has a depth of about 1m at LW. 

3.17 There is a least depth of 1.2m to Njong village situated about

2 miles within the entrance. At about 0.5 mile offshore, depths

increase to about 18.3 to 21.9m.

3.17 Krueng Samalanga (5°13'N., 96°22'E.) is situated about 34

miles ESE of Ujung Pidie. It has very little water and is used by

small craft as far as Samalanga Village (5°12'N., 96°22'E.)

(World Port Index No. 50640) 1 mile inside the entrance. 

3.17 The anchorage for Samalanga is in depths of 22 to 27m, 1

mile offshore. There are heavy breakers off the entrance during

the Northeast Monsoon.

3.17 Ujung Raja (5°14'N., 96°28'E.), a low promontory, may be

recognized at some distant by a grove of high trees near its extremity. There is a fringing reef off Ujung Raja; it should not be

approached in depths less than 15m.

3.17 Gunung Geureudong (4°49'N., 96°49'E.) is a ring-shaped

mountain range of which the N part has crumbled away. The

ends of the part still standing, being closet to the coast, appear

higher than the rest of the range; they give the appearance of

being two peaks of the same mountain range, which is not the

case. 

3.17 The range attains a height of 2,873m at its W end. This range

is quite visible along this part of the coast of Sumatera to Tanjung Jambuair, 49 miles to the NE. 

3.17 The range to the E attains a height of 1,924m, but has no

conspicuous summit. 

3.18 Ujung Peusangan (5°16'N., 96°50'E.), located 22

miles E of Ujung Raja, is low and sandy.

3.18 Agam Agam is a very slight projection of the coast 8 miles E

of Ujung Peusangan. 

3.18 Nearly 0.75 mile off are two reefs with a depth of 1.8m.

They are steep-to on the seaward side.

3.18 In the bight between Ujung Peusangan and Agam Agam

good anchorage may be obtained, with local knowledge, in

depths from 9 to 13m. 

3.18 Kuala Geukueh (5°15'N., 97°02'E.) to Tanjung Jambuair, a

distance of 27 miles, forms a deep bight, the W part of which is

known as Teluk Lhokseumawe (5°11'N., 97°10'E.).

Lhokseumawe (5°15'N., 97°07'E.)

World Port Index No. 50650

3.19 Port Lhokseumawe is situated on the N coast of Indonesia on the Strait of Malacca. Lhokseumawe consists of several different harbors and loading areas; from W to E these are

Kruenggeukueh, Blanglancang (Arun), Ug Hago Oil Terminal,

and the Old Lhokseumawe Harbor. 

3.19 Tides—Currents.—The range of the tide is 2.1m. Strong

crossing currents towards the SE have been reported at the

mouth of the breakwater at Blanglancang Harbor.

3.19 Depths—Limitations.—Five berths in Kruenggeukueh

Harbor (5°15'N., 97°02'E.) handle bulk fertilizers and general

cargo. These berths are described counter clockwise, beginning

at the fertilizer plant situated on the W side of the harbor, as

follows:

1. Berth A is 200m long, with a depth of 10m alongside.

The berth can accommodate a vessel up to 10,000 dwt, with

a length of 169m and a maximum draft of 9.5m. This berth is

used for fertilizer. 

2. Berth B handles general cargo and is 300m long, with

an alongside depth of 10m. Vessels up to 10,000 dwt, with a

maximum length of 175m and a maximum draft 9.5m, can

be accommodated. 

3. PIM I Berth handles fertilizer; it is 200m in length,

with a depth of 10m alongside.

4. PIM II berth is only 105m in length. This berth has a

depth of 10m alongside.

5. Public Berth is 80m long, with an alongside depth of

10m, and handles general cargo. Vessels up to 150m in

length, with a draft of 9.5m, can be accommodated.

3.19 Arun Marine Terminal (5°13N., 97°06'E.) is situated at

Blanglancang Harbor. The refinery is serviced by two offshore

mooring areas, as well as berthing facilities inside the harbor.

LNG Dock No. 1 (North) and LNG Dock No. 2 (South) both

have a length of 400m and a depth of 14m alongside; vessels

with a maximum draft of 13m and a maximum length of 300m,

can be accommodated.

3.19 A General Cargo Berth is situated along the W side of the

basin between the two LNG berths. This berth is 400m long,

with a depth of 6m alongside. 

3.19 The LPG Dock, situated on the E side of the basin, is 270m

long, with a depth of 14m alongside. It can accommodate a

vessel up to 65,000 dwt, with a length of 255m and a draft of

13m.

3.19 The offshore oil-loading berths consist of a Multiple Buoy

Mooring (MBM) and a Single Point Mooring (SPM), lying 0.5

mile and 1.5 miles offshore. The MBM can accommodate

tankers up to 100,000 dwt, with a maximum length of 275m.
30 Sector 3. The Strait of Malacca—North Coast of Sumatera 

Pub. 174

The SPM will accept vessels of up to 280,000 dwt.

3.19 Ug Hago consist of a single quay with a length of 20m, a

width of 5m, and a depth alongside of 7m.

3.19 Old Lhokseumawe Harbor has a small pier 60m long, with a

2.4m depth alongside. Only barges and small vessels under 500

dwt can berth there. 

3.19 Aspect.—In the approach to Blanglancang Terminal there

are eight prominent storage tanks. About 0.8 mile to the SW of

the terminal there are four conspicuous flares. 

3.19 Old Lhokseumawe Harbor can be readily identified by a

ridge of hills, 152m high, clear of trees and grass covered.

3.19 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 88 grt

and is available 24 hours. Requests for a pilot should be sent 6

hours before arrival and 3 hours before departure. 

3.19 The vessel’s ETA should be sent 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24

hours in advance through Jakarta and Lhokseumawe. Vessels

carrying LNG should send their ETA 96 hours, 48 hours, 24

hours, and 5 hours in advance. Contact the terminal directly

when within VHF range, giving the precise ETA. 

3.19 Several pilot boarding stations are reported below, as follows:

1. For Lhokseumawe Harbor and Ug Hago Oil Terminal—in the anchorage area.

2. For Blanglancang Harbor—at the Sea Buoy or in the

LNG and Condensate Waiting Anchorages.

3. For Kruenggeukueh Harbor—in the anchorage area or

1 mile from harbor entrance at the breakwaters.

3.19 Regulations.—Vessels are restricted from berthing during

night time at Lhokseumawe/Ug Hago Wharf or Blanglancang

SBM/MBM. Blanglancang Harbor is open for 24 hour service.

Kruenggeukueh Harbor is open during daylight hours only. 

3.19 Vessels are not allowed to proceed to the Blanglancang

MBM restricted area without permission.

3.19 Anchorage.—The anchorage area for Old Lhokseumawe

and Ug Hago is situated in position 5°10.5'N, 97°09.3'E, with

Lhokseumawe Pier Head Light bearing 280°, in a depth of

20m. 

3.19 The LPG and LNG Tanker Anchorage area is situated in position 5°15.3'N, 97°07.8'E. 

3.19 A Condensate Tanker Anchorage lies about l.2 miles NE of

the refinery centered in position 5°15.3'N, 97°05.4'E. Both anchorages offer depths exceeding 60m with good holding

ground.

3.19 Caution.—Numerous bamboo poles, that are secured by

long lengths of rope, used for marking fish pots, may be encountered within about 3 miles of the shore between Teluk

Lhokseumawe and Tanjung Jambuair. 

3.19 It is strongly recommended that ships give a wide berth to

the reefs between Teluk Lhokseumawe and Tanjung Jambuair,

as there is a constant W set.

3.19 Lhokseumawe extends up to 0.2 mile seaward of its charted

position. Shallower depths than charted extend up to 1 mile

offshore from Lhokseumawe to a position about 10 miles NW.

3.19 It has been reported (1993) that the limiting depth at the

LNG and LPG facilities is 13.7m.

3.19 Significant ground swells originating in the Andaman Sea

periodically effect sea conditions in the vicinity of Lhokseumawe. 

Lhokseumawe to Tanjung Jambuair

3.20 From Lhokseumawe to Tanjung Jambuair (5°15'N.,

97°30'E.) the coast is fringed by a sand bank, with depths of

less than 5.5m, extending about 1 mile offshore, except off

Krueng Piada about 10 miles E of Lhokseumawe, where it extends about 3 miles.

3.20 Tengah, a coral reef, has a least depth of 7.5m and depths

from 21.9 to 25.6m around it. The reef lies 5 miles offshore,

with Tanjung Jambuair bearing 100°, distance 7.3 miles. Minyak, a 16.5m patch, lies 2 mile NNW of Tengah.

Krueng Jambuair (Djambo Aje) (5°15'N., 97°29'E.) flows into the sea about 1 mile WSW of Tanjung Jambuair. The sea usually breaks over the bar at LW, with discolored water from the river

sometimes extending as much as 4 miles from the mouth.
31

Pub. 174

4. 

The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi

4.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 4 — CHART INFORMATION
33

Pub. 174

SECTOR 4 

THE STRAIT OF MALACCA—TANJUNG JAMBUAIR TO TANJUNG SINABOI

4.0 Plan.—This sector describes the W shore of the Strait of

Malacca between Tanjung Jambuair and Tanjung Sinaboi. The

descriptive sequence is SE.

General Remarks

4.1 The coast between Tanjung Jambuair and Ujung

Tamiang about 69 miles SE, is plain, with few prominent features. From February through May the high mountains in the

interior are occasionally visible. During the rest of the year

they can usually be seen in the morning. Many of the peaks of

the ranges are prominent, and serve as useful landmarks.

4.1 Several small rivers flow into the strait along this section of

coast. Small, shallow draft coastal vessels use these small rivers.

4.1 Between Ujung Tamiang and Tanjung Tanjung, about 96

miles SE, and then to Tanjung Sinaboi, about 115 miles farther

SE, the low swampy coast is intersected by numerous small

rivers, few of which are navigable. High mountain ridges rise

in the interior and are clearly visible.

4.1 The depth curves generally follow the contour of the coast

with the 10m curve lying about 1 to 5 miles offshore, except in

the bays and inlets. 

4.1 The SE part of the Strait of Malacca constricts to a width of

37 miles between Pulau Sinaboi and Tanjong Ru (2°50'N.,

101°17'E.), on the Malaysian coast. The fairway is fouled by a

series of narrow detached banks with depths of 11m and less. 

4.1 Winds—Weather.—Although the Strait of Malacca is within the limits of the Northeast Monsoon and Southwest Monsoon of the Indian Ocean, the winds are variable because of the

high land on both sides. Land and sea breezes are regular on

both coasts. In the offing, the monsoons are only regular when

they are at their height in the adjacent sea area. However, the

wind is moderate in the strait and only lasts for part of the day.

The monsoons become more regular near Singapore.

4.1 Between Acheh Head and Ko Phuket, the Southwest Monsoon commences in the latter part of April or the early part of

May, and ceases in October. Calms and variable winds frequently prevail in November.

4.1 The Southwest Monsoon seldom blows far into the strait.

During this season, variable winds, chiefly from the SE and

SW, prevail in the middle of the strait, with periods of long

calms. 

4.1 On the Sumatera side, light winds and calms prevail, and

heavy squalls from the land are experienced during the night. 

4.1 Fewer calms are experienced on the Malayan side and there

are seldom any squalls. Variable land and sea breezes are usually experienced.

4.1 During the Southwest Monsoon, the weather is generally

cloudy and stormy especially when the monsoon is at its peak.

4.1 Sumatras, or squalls from the SW, are more common during

the Southwest Monsoon than during the Northeast Monsoon.

4.1 They generally occur during the first part of the night and are

accompanied by sudden severe winds, with thunder and lightning. They are more frequent on the N coast of Sumatera and

along the Malaysian coast between Parcelar Hill and the Karimum Islands. Here they usually blow for 6 to 8 hours at a time

as a strong, or moderate gale. Their characteristic is that of an

arch squall.

4.1 Northwesters are not as frequent as the Sumatras. They are

most common during the Southwest Monsoon and occur in the

NW part of the strait but sometimes are felt as far SE as Singapore Strait. Severe high winds blow at the beginning of the

storm but their strength soon abates. They are generally preceded by a black cloud arch, which rises rapidly from the horizon toward the zenith and are usually accompanied by thunder,

lightning, and heavy rain.

4.1 The Northeast Monsoon prevails in the W entrance of the

Strait of Malacca from November to April, which is considered

the fair season. The weather is more settled at this time. There

are seldom severe squalls and there is less thunder, lightning,

and much less rain than in the other season.

4.1 In November, the winds are variable, frequently from the

NW and W, although occasionally the NE winds set in November. From this period to March, the Northeast Monsoon is the

strongest, but at times NW and W winds of 1 or 2 days duration have been experienced in every month when the Northeast

Monsoon should prevail. 

4.1 Late in March, the NE and N winds become light and variable, with strong land breezes at night. On the Malaysian side

these breezes commence between 2000 and 2200 and last for 4

or 5 hours, sometimes blowing all night. 

4.1 This is generally the case between Mount Formosa and Cape

Rachado. Calm winds are less likely to exist on the Malaysian

side than on the Sumatera side of the strait.

4.1 Tides—Currents.—The Strait of Malacca is relatively shallow, with the greater part of the area having depths of less than

73m. The main movement of water is from tidal influences.

Throughout the year, there is a residual predominantly NW

current in the strait. 

4.1 During the NW monsoon, part of the S current in the South

China Sea rounds the S extremity of the Malay Peninsula and

sets NW through the Strait of Malacca. During the period of

the Southwest Monsoon, part of the current which flows

through Karimata Strait and into the South China Sea, branches off to the NW into the Strait of Malacca. This NW current is

also present during the transition months of April and October

although at these times it becomes weaker and less constant. 

4.1 As the NW monsoon becomes well established there is some

evidence in some of the winter months for an counterclockwise

circulation in the N parts of the strait, N of about 3°N. This circulation weakens during the April transition. 

4.1 When the Southwest Monsoon becomes established, a clockwise circulation probably results over the same area during the

period June to October, with a maximum effect in August. 

4.1 Though the predominant direction in the strait is NW, currents from all directions have been reported and the percentage

frequency of the predominant flow is never high. 
34 Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 

Pub. 174

4.1 The current is most constant during the period January to

April and is least constant from May to August. A number of

observations, report rates of less than 1 knot. 

4.1 Some have been reported more than 1 knot and no currents

have been reported in excess of 2 knots.

4.1 The tides on the coast of Sumatera covered by this sector are

chiefly semi-diurnal in character. However, on the N and NE

coasts the diurnal tidal system of the South China Sea is felt at

times, and when the highs and lows of both systems coincident

springs, greater highs and lows are experienced.

4.1 The flood tidal current sets E on the N coast of Sumatera; the

ebb tidal current sets W. At springs the current rarely exceeds 2

knots; at neaps they are sometimes imperceptible, except at the

points or over banks and narrow channels.

4.1 The currents are also affected by the constant current out of

the Strait of Malacca, which takes a W direction along the N

coast, through Malacca Passage, and out through Bengal Passage, so that for the greater part of the year the ebb current is

longer and stronger than the flood current. 

4.1 As a result of the prevailing wind, when the water is rising or

falling during the NW monsoon, there may be no E set for a

day or more; conversely, the flood or E current runs longer and

stronger during the Southwest Monsoon.

4.1 Regulations.—STRAITREP, a joint Indonesia-MalaysiaSingapore mandatory ship reporting system, operates in the

Strait of Malacca and Singapore Strait. Further information can

be found under Singapore—Vessel Reporting System in Pub.

160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean

and Indian Ocean. 

Off-lying Islands

4.2 Gosong Deli (Deli Bank) (3°54'N., 98°57'E.), 12

miles N of Tanjung Si Bunga, has a least depth of 7m.

Gosong Bunga (Bunga Banks) (3°45'N., 99°03'E.), which

lie near the SE end of Gosong Deli consists of two detached

parallel sandy ridges, lying between 6 and 9 miles NE of Tanjung Si Bunga. The outer ridge has a least depth of 1.5m, mud,

sand, and shells and is steep-to on its outer side. The inner

ridge has a least depth 2m. 

4.2 Both ridges are usually marked by tide rips over their shallowest parts and with any swell the sea breaks. Between the inner ridge and the coastal bank, tide rips and discoloration of the

water are frequently observed.

4.2 Gosong Berhala (Berhala Bank) (3°55'N., 99°26'E.), a narrow shoal about 7 miles long with a least depth of 11m, lies

centered about 31 miles NE of Tanjung Si Bunga. Good anchorage is provided on this shoal. During the strength of the

current the water is discolored and tide rips occur.

4.2 Pulau Berhala (3°47'N., 99°30'E.), 177m high and thickly

covered with vegetation, stands about 25 miles N of Tanjung

Tanjung and is an excellent landmark. By day, the island can be

seen for a distance of up to 30 miles during clear weather. 

4.2 By night, with good visibility, it can be seen at a fairly safe

distance. The NE and SW sides of the island are steep-to. A

light is shown from the island.

4.2 A wooded islet, 48m high, stands 137m from the SE side of

the island and is connected to it by a drying coral ridge. A similar rocky island, 43m high, stands about 0.5 mile NW of the

island. This islet appears white in places. Between Pulau Berhala and this islet there are depths of 9 to 13m.

4.2 A rectangular area, with its center on Pulau Berhala, has

been designated as a prohibited area. An ammunition dumping

site lies in the SW part of this prohibited area.

4.2 Anchorage can be taken on a ridge extending SE from Pulau

Berhala, in a depth of about 16m, with the summit of the island

bearing 302°, distant a little over 0.3 mile.

4.2 A bank, which has a least depth of 16m, lies with its NW end

about 4 miles SW of Pulau Berhala. Discolored water marks

this bank during the strength of the current. Occasionally tide

rips occur. 

4.2 Outer Mati Bank (3°28'N., 99°35'E.), about 15 miles long

in a NW and SE direction, lies with its NW end about 11 miles

NNW of Tanjung Tanjung. A depth of 8.2m lies near the center

of the bank. Some discoloration exists over this bank when the

current is strong.

4.2 An explosive dumping ground is situated approximately 5

miles NE of Outer Mati Bank.

4.2 Pulau Pandang and Pulau Salahnama, also known as The

Brothers, are two rocky islands, 64m and 89m high, respectively, which stand about 17 miles ENE and 14 miles E of Tanjung

Tanjung.

4.2 Pulau Pandang (3°25'N., 99°45'E.) is almost entirely surrounded by a coral reef with some above-water rocks. A foul

area was reported to lie about 9 miles E of the island. A light is

shown from Pulau Pandang.

4.2 Caution.—A pipe was reported to lie in position 3°25.5'N,

99°59.3'E, approximately 16 miles ENE of Pulau Pandang.

4.2 Palau Salahnama (3°20'N., 99°43'E.) is densely wooded;

its rocky sides rise steeply from the sea. An above-water rock

lies close N of the island and a similar rock lies about 0.5 mile

S of the island.

4.2 Anchorage can be taken about 1 mile from the NW and SE

sides of Pulau Pandang and Pulau Salahnama.

4.3 Pulau-Pulau Aruah (Aruah Islands) (2°52'N.,

100°36'E.) is composed of two groups of small islands and

some off-lying rocks which are located on a bank with depths

of less than 20m. The S end of the bank joins an extensive mud

bank lying adjacent to the Sumatera coast.

4.3 Batu Utara (2°55'N., 100°36'E.), the northernmost islet of

the group, is about 4.6m high and has a reef extending N.

4.3 Batu Byms (Byms Rock) (2°54'N., 100°35'E.), awash, lies

about 2 miles SSW of Batu Utara. The charted position is approximate.

4.3 Pulau Jemur (2°53'N., 100°34'E.), 22m high, flat, and treecovered, stands about 3 miles SSW of Batu Utara. Kalironggo

Islet stands on a reef about 0.3 mile NE of Pulau Jemur, and a

drying reef lies about 0.5 mile farther NE. 

4.3 A round islet, about 50m in diameter and surrounded by a

reef about the same distance in width, stands 0.3 mile SE of

Pulau Jemur Light.

4.3 A group of five islets lie on a bank, with depths of less than

10m, which lies a little over 0.5 mile WSW of Pulau Jemur and

extends in a NNW and SSE direction.

4.3 Tokong Mas (2°53'N., 100°33'E.), the northernmost of the

group, is 31m high, several drying reefs lie within 0.4 mile N

of Tokong Mas. Pasir Pandan, 20m high, and Sarong Alang,

27m high, stand on the same reef S of Tokong Mas. Labuan Bi-
Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 35

Pub. 174

lik, 20m high, stands about 137m SE of Sarong Alang. Tokong

Sipotjong lies about 0.3 mile SSE of Labuan Bilik. A drying

reef lies between the two.

4.3 Batu Berlayer (2°52'N., 100°38'E.), a group of six low

rocks, surrounded by a reef, lies about 3 miles E of Pulau Jemur.

4.3 Half Tide Rock (2°52'N., 100°40'E.), which dries 2.4m and

is steep-to, lies about 2 miles E of Batu Berlayer.

4.3 Batu Mandi (2°52'N., 100°41'E.), 2m high and steep-to, lies

7 miles E of Pulau Jemur.

4.4 Tokong Simbang (2°48'N., 100°38'E.), 38m high to

the tops of the trees, is precipitous and the highest of the Kepulauan Aruah Group. This islet lies about 6 miles SE of Pulau

Jemur and can be seen on a clear day for a distance of 15 miles.

There are several rocky islets around it. Tokong, 9m high,

stands 1.5 miles SSW of Tokong Simbang.

4.4 The large shoal area which extends about 30 miles N from

the entrance of the Sungai Rokan to within 2.5 miles S of

Tokong. 

4.4 Tides—Currents.—The SE current off Pulau-Pulau Aruah

begins about 4 to 5 hours before HW along the coast and runs

from 1 to 2 hours after, at a rate of about 2 knots at springs. 

4.4 The NW current has a rate of about 3 knots. At neaps, the SE

current being opposed by the prevailing NW current results in a

very weak set in either direction.

Tanjung Jambuair to Ujung Tamiang

4.5 Tanjung Jambuair (Diamond Point) (5°15'N.,

97°30'E.) consists of a sandy point, just above water, which is

marked by some casuarina trees. The coast in the vicinity appears to be receding to the W.

4.5 A light, from which a racon transmits, is shown from a 44m

high white framework tower situated about 0.5 mile WSW of

the point. A white framework water tower stands on the W

bank of Tangung Jambuair, about 1 mile SW of the light.

4.5 A spit, with depths of less than 5m, extends about 2.7 miles

NW from the point and is fairly steep-to on its NE side, over

which the sea breaks in places. Discolored water has been reported about 2 miles N of the lighthouse and vessels are advised not to approach in depths of less than 20m especially

during the Northwest Monsoon, when there is a heavy swell.

4.5 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set SE and NW. The

NW set, being increased by the prevailing NW current, is

stronger and of longer duration than the SE set. At springs the

current sometimes attains a rate of 3 knots, but in the offing it

seldom exceeds l.5 knots.

4.5 The tidal currents are weak near the coast W of Tanjung

Jambuair.

4.6 Between Tanjung Jambuair and Ujung Tjuram, 12

miles SE, there are several rivers and creeks.

4.6 A sandy mud bank, which dries in places, extends from 0.5

to 1.5 miles offshore between Tanjung Jambuair and Ujung

Tjuram.

4.6 The coast between Tanjung Jambuair and Ujung Tamiang,

about 69 miles SE, is a low, with a few prominent features. 

4.6 From February through May, the higher mountains are occasionally visible. During the remainder of the year they can usually be seen, especially in the morning. Some of the peaks are

good landmarks and can best be seen on the chart.

4.6 Several small rivers flow into the strait along this section of

coast. 

4.7 Ujung Tjuram (Steile Hoek) (5°06'N., 97°38'E.) is a

point that has been reported to be radar conspicuous. A tall

chimney, marked by obstruction lights, stands about 8 miles

SSW of the point.

4.7 The mouths of the rivers between Tanjung Jambuair and Teluk Langsa, about 50 miles to the SW, are difficult to approach

and have constantly shifting channels. Local knowledge is required to enter these channels safely. 

4.7 Between Tanjung Jambuair and Ujung Tjuram, during the

NW setting current, there is a distinct division between the

muddy water from the rivers and the clearer water of the strait,

extending out to the 40m curve.

4.7 Idi Village (4°58'N., 97°46'E.) stands on the right bank at

the mouth of the Krueng Idi, which flows into the strait about

13 miles SE of Ujung Tjuram. The river is available only to

small local craft. A light is shown from Idi.

4.7 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 9m, with the SE side

of the river entrance bearing 236° or, in a depth of 7.5m, with

the entrance bearing 224° and Ujung Peureulak bearing 131°. 

4.7 Vessels generally ride comfortably here and during the NW

monsoon they frequently are unable to communicate with the

shore.

Ujung Peureulak (Tanjung Peureulak) (4°54'N., 97°54'E.),

located about 9 miles SE of Idi Village, is a low sandy point

covered with high trees. Bukit Brangkat, 130m high, about 4

miles WSW of the point makes it easy to identify.

4.8 Gosong Peureula (Peureulak Bank) (4°56'N.,

97°53'E.) extends about 4 miles N and 1.5 miles E from Ujung

Peureulak. A drying patch lies close N of the point and a 0.7m

patch lies 1.25 miles N of the point. The sea usually breaks

over this bank.

4.8 Krueng Peureulak flows into the strait close W of Ujung

Peureulak and is approached over Gosong Peureulak. In the

channel at its mouth there is a depth of 0.5m and a depth of

3.5m inside the river. The large village of Peureulak stands

about 5 miles S of the entrance. Small shallow draft boats can

reach the village through Kuala Leugo Rajeu about 8 miles S

of Ujung Peureulak.

4.8 It is advisable to anchor as near as possible to the river

mouth, steering in on a W course for Ujung Peureulak.

4.9 Kuala Beukah Oil Terminal (4°53.4'N., 97°56.8'E.)

consists of a conventional mooring buoy situated 3 miles E of

Ujung Peureulak. Tankers of between 60,000 and 90,000 dwt,

with a maximum length of 240m, can be accommodated in a

depth of 17.5m. Berthing is restricted to daylight hours only.

Unberthing may occur at any time. Pilot services are available.

4.9 There is a medical clinic available for vessels calling at this

terminal.

4.9 The coast between Ujung Peureulak and Ujung Tamiang,

about 36 miles SE, continues low and is covered by fairly high

trees. Numerous unimportant creeks intersect this stretch of

coast. The coast is fringed by a mud bank, with depths of less

than 5.5m, which extends from 1 to 2 miles offshore. In the vi-
36 Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 

Pub. 174

cinity of Ujung Perolin, where the bank is steep-to, about 19

miles SSE of Ujung Peureulakit extends 3.7 miles offshore.

4.9 Bugak Village stands on the left bank of Krueng Bugak

about 3 miles S of Ujung Peureulak. A white house stands on

the S side of the entrance of this creek. Both Krueng Djeungki

and the Sungai Raja, which flow into the strait about 9.5 and 13

miles SSE of Ujung Peureulak, are navigable only by boats.

Teluk Langsa (Langsa Bay) (4°34'N., 98°103'E.) entered

between Ujung Perolin and Tanjung Langsa, about 5 miles SE,

is fouled by numerous shoals which are intersected by narrow

channels. The bay is easily identified by the rising ground SW

of it against which the island of Pulau Telagatujoh, close NW

of Telagatujoh, stands out clearly.

4.9 Ujung Perolin (4°37'N., 98°01'E.), the W entrance point of

the bay, is low, sandy, covered with casuarina trees, and easily

identified.

4.10 Telaga Tujoh (Telagatujoh) (4°33'N., 98°04'E.), the

SE entrance point of the bay, is easy to identify from the E by

its sandy beach.

4.10 There are three channels of approach into Teluk Langsa,

which is otherwise encumbered by numerous shoals, between

which there are narrow boat channels, as follows:

1. Alur Pelayaran Birim leads from NE to the mouth of

Krueng Birim. The channel is not buoyed. There are depths

of 2.7 to 3m in the fairway.

2. Alur Pelayaran Telukdalam, formerly the principal

channel to Pelabuhan Kualalangsa, leads close along the W

side of Pulau Teleagatujoh. Apart from a fairway approach

buoy, the channel is unmarked. There are least depths of

2.4m on the outer and inner bars.

3. Kuala Langsa, the principal channel, leads on the SE

side of Pulau Telagatujoh through Krueng Langsa to Pelabuhan Kualalangsa. 

This channel is marked by buoys and lighted range beacons. There is a reported least depth of 1.5m close SE of

range line. Vessels up to 100 dwt can reach Kualalangsa.

4.10 The tidal currents run with considerable strength in the

mouths of the various rivers and generally set in the direction

of the channels. The strength of the currents is sometimes felt

well outside the 10m curve.

4.10 Kuala Langsa (4°32'N., 98°01'E.), which is the port for the

town of Langsa, stands on the left bank of the Krueng Langsa

about 4 miles SW of Tanjung Langsa.

Ujung Tamiang to Tanjung Perling

4.11 Ujung Tamiang (4°25'N., 98°17'E.) may be identified

from all directions by the groups of casuarina trees standing on either side of the Sungai Tamiang, and which are visible from a considerable distance. From the NW and SE the point appears as an

islet from any distance. A light is shown from Ujung Tamiang.

4.11 The Sungai Tamiang, which discharges about 0.5 mile W of

Ujung Tamiang, has no commercial value to shipping.

4.11 The coast between Ujung Tamiang and Tanjung Tanjung,

about 97 miles SE, is low, thickly covered with vegetation, and

marshy. The numerous rivers which discharge along this stretch

of coast are available only to small craft with but few exceptions.

4.11 The appearance of the coast is very monotonous and it is not

always easy to fix a position without local knowledge.

4.11 At certain times of the year and in the early morning, many

of the mountain peaks in the interior are usually visible and

serve as valuable aids to the navigator. The positions of these

various peaks may best be seen on the chart.

4.12 Teluk Aru (Teluk Ara) (4°14'N., 98°20'E.) is entered

between Ujung Tamiang and Tanjung Bedukang about 21

miles SSE, is fronted by mud flats with the 2m contour line extending to almost 5 miles offshore. 

4.12 Two islands, Pulau Kampai and Pulau Sembilan, lie on the N

and S sides. Both islands are low but have tall trees which may

be seen from a distance of about 16 miles. The settlement of

Kumpai stands on the S end of Pulau Kampai. Several small islands stand at the head of the bay. Tanjung Bedukang, the S entrance point of the bay, is difficult to identify.

4.12 There are three buoyed channels leading into Teluk Aru

across shallow bars to rivers, waterways, and berths, as follows:

1. Alur Pelayaran Kampai leads to the river entrances on

the W side of the bay. This channel has a least depth of 2.1m

on the bar.

2. Alur Pelayaran Sembilan, the main channel, leads to

the oil loading station at the Port of Pangkalonsusu. This

channel is reported to have a least depth of 3m at the bar.

3. Alur Pelayaran Babalan leads to the oil-loading station at Pangkalanbrandan. The least depth in the channel is

0.6m on the bar.

4.12 Caution.—The buoyage of these channels is subject to alteration due to changes in the fairways.

4.12 A prohibited area extends W from Pulau Sembilan. A restricted area extends W from Pulau Sembilan across Alur Pelayaran Kumpai and SW to Panjang. Both areas are best seen on

the chart.

4.13 Pangkalan Oil Terminal (4°13'N., 98°24.6'E.) is situated 9.5 miles offshore in the outer approaches to Teluk Aru. The

terminal consists of a SPM, connected to the shore by a submarine

pipeline, which is marked by several special purpose buoys.

4.13 Winds—Weather.—The weather is normally fair with moderate variable winds. During the Northeast Monsoon, there are

often strong NE winds with heavy rain, showers, and thunderstorms.

4.13 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in Teluk Aru set generally in the direction of the channels and attain a rate of 2

knots at springs. Outside the outer bar of Alur Pelayaran Sembilan, the flood sets SW and the ebb ets NNE. The ebb often

continues to run over the outer bar for some time after the flood

has ceased in the Strait of Malacca outside the shoals.

4.13 Depths—Limitations.—The SPM can accommodate tankers up to 150,000 dwt, with a length of 275m. Depths in the vicinity vary from 18 to 25m.

4.13 Aspect.—Pulau Kumpai (4°13'N., 98°14'E.) and Pulau

Sembilan are low but have tall trees visible for a distance of 15

miles from seaward. 

4.13 Platte Hovel (4°16'N., 98°09'E.), 154m high, stands 8 miles

inland and is the highest hill in the vicinity.

4.13 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory and reported available 24

hours. 

4.13 Vessels are required to send their ETA 72 hours, 48 hours,

and 24 hours in advance, with the first message to include the
Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 37

Pub. 174

type of cargo required. 

4.13 Regulations.—Berthing may only take place during daylight; unmooring is permitted 24 hours. A restricted area encloses the SPM and undersea pipeline.

4.13 Anchorage.—The tanker anchorage area is situated approximately 2 miles E of the SPM. It is also reported that a tanker

anchorage exists in position 4°16'N, 98°25'E where vessels

await the arrival of the pilot. At this anchorage the pilot boards

with the Loading Master and the crew. Dry cargo vessels may

anchor in position 4°16'N, 98°22.3'E to await the pilot. 

4.13 Directions.—Tankers approaching the SPM from the NW or

NE can pass on either side of the buoy situated approximately

1.5 miles N of the SPM. It is reported that the approach to the

SPM is not difficult to identify as Teluk Aru presents a very good

radar picture. The SPM, however, may be difficult to identify ue

to the presence of fishing huts and boats in the vicinity.

4.14 Pangkalan (Pangkalansusu) (4°07'N., 98°13'E.)

(World Port Index No. 50700) consists of several small oil jetties, a general cargo wharf, and the offshore SPM. The port is

used primarily by small tankers operating between the port and

the offshore SPM. Tankers up to 5,000 dwt, with a length of

142m and a draft of 6m, can be accommodated. 

4.14 A vessel approaching the entrance of Alur Pelayaran Sembilian should keep outside the 20m curve until the lighted fairway

buoy is sighted. 

4.14 As the distance between the outer and inner bars is about 10

miles and HW is about 30 minutes earlier on the inner bar than

on the outer bar, vessels are advised to cross the outer bar on a

flood tide, leaving the lighted fairway buoy at least 30 minutes

before HW. The bottom generally is soft mud except on the inner bar.

4.15 The Sungai Gebang (4°02'N., 98°26'E.) and the Sungai Serapuh, two shallow rivers, flow into the strait about 3.5

and 4 miles SE of Tanjung Bedukang. The coast between the

mouths of the two rivers consists of dark mud with mangroves,

and close E of the mouth of the Sungai Serapuh are several tall

casuarina trees standing close to the sandy beach that extends

about 2.2 miles E to the entrance of the Sungai Langkat. High

trees stand behind this beach.

4.15 Between Tanjung Bedukang and the entrance of the Sungai

Langkat, a bank with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 4

to 5 miles offshore.

4.15 The Sungai Serapuh (4°02'N., 98°27'E.), which has a least

depth of 0.9m at its entrance, extends inland to the settlement

at Tanjungpura. Only small vessels with local knowledge can

enter this river.

4.15 A white wooden rectangular beacon stands near the W side

of the entrance of the Sungai Serapuh.

4.15 Small craft with local knowledge can enter the Sungai

Langkat but the depths are shallow. A remarkable tree stands

on the E entrance point of this river. The approach channel

leading to the river is marked by fishing stakes.

4.16 Kuala Tapak Kuda (3°59'N., 98°33'E.), entered

about 4 miles E of the Sungai Langkat, may be identified by

Kuda Pusung which lies on the E side of the entrance. A depth

of 1.8m exists on the outer bar but inside the river there is a

depth of 3m as far as the village of Tapak Kuda. 

4.16 Only small craft with local knowledge can enter the river. 

4.16 The entrance of the river has been reported to be a good radar target at distances up to 12 miles.

Ujung Ahu (Og Ahoe) (3°55'N., 98°39'E.), about 8 miles SE

of Kuda Pusung, can only be identified from the E by the casuarina trees.

4.16 Karang Gading (3°56'N., 98°39'E.), which has a least depth

of 4.6m, is a hard bottom ridge which extends NNW from the

coastal bank in the vicinity of Ujung Ahu. Its outer end lies

about 7 miles NNW of that point.

4.16 The entrance of the Sungai Karang Gading and the Sungai

Nipah Larangan lies about 0.5 mile SE of Ujung Ahu. A prominent clump of trees stands on the E entrance point of the rivers. 

4.16 Tanjung Beting Tjamar, which is tree-covered, stands 1.2

miles SE of this point. The coast between this point and Tanjung Belawan, about 6.2 miles SSE, has been reported to be radar conspicuous.

4.16 Between Tanjung Beting Tjamar and Tanjung Perling, about

10 miles SSE, the coast is fronted by an extensive shoal area

which extends up to 5 miles offshore. The inner part of this

shoal is bordered by mudbanks.

4.16 The entrance of the dredged channel leading to the Sungai

Deli leads through these shoals to Pulau Belawan which has

the port of Belawan on its N side. 

4.16 The Sungai Deli has two entrances separated by Pulau Belawan. The Sungai Belawan, the N channel, has the port of Belawan along its S side; the Sungai Deli, the S channel, leads S of

Pulau Belawan. The S channel is no longer in use.

4.16 Numerous fishing stakes stand on the shoal area in the approach to Belawan.

Belawan (3°47'N., 98°41'E.)

World Port Index No. 50730

4.17 Belawan, the most important port in Sumatera, lies at

the confluence of the Sungai Belawan and the Sungai Deli

about 8 miles S of the lighted approach buoy. Ample, modern

alongside berthing facilities are available for handling all classes of ocean-going vessels capable of transiting the dredged entrance channel. Belawan is a first port of entry.

4.17 Tides—Currents.—The tidal rise at Belawan is 2.4m at

MHWS, and 1.2m at MHWN. The highest level of water is

reached in about the middle of May and November. There is a

tide gauge near the W end of Ocean Quay.

4.17 Outside the entrance of the dredged channel to Belawan, the

flood sets to the SE and the ebb to the NNW, both at a maximum rate of 2 knots. 

4.17 At neaps there are periods with no currents at all. At the outer entrance of the dredged channel the current sets in the direction of the fairway, the ebb attaining a rate of 3 knots at springs

and the flood a rate of less than 2 knots.

4.17 It has been reported that the tidal current at Ocean Quay turns

about 1 hour later than at the entrance of the dredged channel.

Belawan Container Terminal

http://www.utpkbelawan.co.id/english/
38 Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 

Pub. 174

4.17 Depths—Limitations.—The approach channel to Belawan

is approximately 9 miles in length, 100m in width and has a

depth of 8.5m at LWS. The channel is well marked by navigational aids and is free of dangers. 

4.17 The channel is subject to continuous silting and therefore the

channel depths may be subject to frequent changes. 

4.17 The port can accommodate vessels up to 200m in length,

with a maximum draft of 10m. Pier information is listed in the

table below.

4.17 An offshore oil loading area is marked by a group of four

mooring buoys. The facility is connected to the coast by a submarine pipeline 3 miles SSE of Nipah Larangan Light. It lies

within a charted pipeline area 0.5 mile wide across Belawan

Channel.

4.17 Aspect.—Tanjung Perling, the SE entrance point of the river,

can only be identified from the SE. Under favorable conditions

Gunung Gulu and the adjacent mountains and the Van Heutsz

range, SE and S of Belawan, can be distinguished. 

4.17 When approaching from the NE, a vessel should steer for the

valley between the two ranges.

4.17 Other good landmarks are a group of oil tanks (3°47'N.,

98°41'E.), two chimneys with red and white bands E of Belawan,

and an adjacent orange painted building SW of the town which is

reported to be conspicuous from seaward in the afternoon.

4.17 A silo on the cement wharf on the W side of the basin (Citra

Ujung Boru) is reported to be the most prominent object in the

port area. 4.17 Pilotage.—Pilotage for vessels over 150 grt is compulsory

and is available 24 hours. Send the vessel’s ETA 48 hours in

advance. 

4.17 The pilot should be ordered through the vessel’s agent at

least 8 hours in advance, stating the ETA, cargo, length, and

draft. The pilot boards near Lighted Buoy No. 2.

4.17 Regulations.—Vessels leaving Belawan have priority over

those entering. Large vessels are not permitted to pass in the

channel. An underkeel clearance of 1m is required when transiting the approach channel.

4.17 Signals.—Traffic signals for controlling movement for the

port may be shown from the pilot vessel, the Harbor Office

Flagstaff (3°47.3'N., 98°41.5'E.), and the entrance to the Sungai Nunang (3°47.5'N., 98°41.2'E.).

4.17 Signals prohibiting movement by vessels from 1,050 to

3,500 grt are, as follows: 

1. By day—A black ball between two black cones points

up.

2. At night—White, red, white lights shown vertically

Belawan—Port Facilities

Berth Depth Length Max. size

Gabion Container 

Wharf 8.1-9.8m 850m 45,000 dwt

Conventional Wharf 8.0-9.1m 350m 45,000 dwt

Ocean Quay 8.0-9.8m 1,557m 45,000 dwt

Citra Unjung Baru 7.0m 625m 45,000 dwt

Pelabuhan Lama 5.0-8.2m 567m

Pertamina Oil Jetty 10.0m 75m 20,000 dwt

Belawan Container Terminal

Belawan

Pelabuhan Larna
Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 39

Pub. 174

signifies vessels are not to enter the harbor and that no vessel

in the anchorage is to shift its berth without the harbormaster’s approval. 

3. By day—A black cone (point up) over two black balls,

signifies that vessels may enter the harbor if their draft does

not exceed 4m.

4.17 Suction dredges are at work in the entrance channel and will

display the following signals in addition to the prescribed

lights and marks:

1. By day, if the dredges are at work, a cone at the yardarm indicates that vessels should keep to the E side of the

channel.

2. Two cones at the yardarm indicate that vessels should

keep to the W side of the channel.

3. If the dredges are anchored with the suction apparatus

on the bottom, an anchor at the yardarm indicates that vessels should pass on the side on which the anchor is shown.

4. By night, if the suction apparatus is on the bottom, a

green light at the yardarm indicates that vessels should keep

to the E side of the channel.

5. A red light at the yardarm indicates that vessels should

keep to the W side of the channel.

6. When the suction apparatus is not on the bottom, no

special signals will be made.

4.17 When two dredges are working at a distance of not more

than 0.25 mile apart, in the event of a vessel approaching, the

dredge farthest away from the approaching vessel will cross

over to the same side of the channel as the dredge nearest the

approaching vessel.

4.17 Off-lying anchors of dredges working in the channel are

marked by drums. Vessels are prohibited from passing between

the drums and the dredge.

4.17 Great care must be exercised in passing a dredge on the bar,

as the narrowness of the channel permits very little maneuvering room.

4.17 Anchorage.—The outer anchorage for Belawan is situated

in position 3°55'N, 98°46'E and is also designated as the pilot

boarding station.

4.17 Anchorage is prohibited in the following areas:

1. Within about 0.3 mile on either side of the axis of the

dredged channel leading to Belawan, S of 3°55'N.

2. Within the pipeline area extending from the coast to

the loading area in position 3°51'N, 98°47'E.

3. In Pelabuhan Belawan, E of 98°41'E.

4.17 Caution.—Numerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie in

the approaches to and adjacent waters of Belawan. Mariners

should exercise caution when approaching the port.

Tanjung Perling to Tanjung Siapiapi

4.18 The coast between Tanjung Perling and the mouth of

the Sungai Serdang, about 8 miles SE, consists of mud and

mangroves but from there to Teluk Mengkudu, about 18 miles

farther SE, there is a considerable amount of sandy beach and

high casuarina trees.

4.18 Rantau Pandjang (3°42'N., 98°50'E.), at the mouth of the

Sungai Serdang, may be identified by high trees standing about

3 miles E.

Tanjung Si Bunga (3°39'N., 99°00'E.), which stands about

17 miles SE of Tanjung Perling, may be identified by a dense

group of casuarina trees. 

4.18 The Sungai Perbaungan flows into the strait close E of the

above point. A large shed on a pier and a white house in the vicinity, are prominent when viewed from the E. 

4.18 The Sungai Bedagai, which discharges about 17 miles SE of

Tanjung Si Bunga, can be identified by a clump of high trees at

its mouth with several detached clumps of trees to the E. 

4.18 A small pier stands at the river mouth; the village of Kuala

stands on the left bank.

4.18 Between the mouth of the Sungai Bedagai and Telok-baru,

about 11 miles SE, the coast is bordered by fishing enclosures

which extend out to the 10m curve.

4.18 At Telok-baru, there are shallow depths in the channel leading inland.

4.18 The river which flows into the strait at Tanjung Tanjung has

a narrow entrance and shallow depths. Anchorage can be taken

off the river mouth, in depths of about 11.9 to 18.3m, with a

clump of casuarina trees bearing 169°. 

4.18 Tanjung Tanjung (3°21'N., 99°29'E.) is low but can be

identified by its white sandy beach and high trees. A strong

current sometimes sets here along the coastal bank. Vessels

when crossing the mouth of the river, should not shoal to a

depth of less 16.5m.

4.18 Kuala Tanjung is a minor port of Kualanjung close N of Tanjung Tanjung. There is a pier that projects out about 2 miles

from the point; its termination is marked by a light. 

4.18 Depths—Limitations.—Vessels up to 11,000 dwt, with a

maximum draft of 9m and a maximum length of 160m, can be

accommodated. The pier has three berths, as follows:

1. Berth A is 200m long, with an alongside depth of

11.5m.. It is used for shipping aluminum.

2. Berth B is 150m long, with an alongside depth of

11.6m. It is used for shipping aluminum.

3. Berth C is 80m long, with an alongside depth of 7.1m.

It is used for general cargo.

4.18 Aspect.—A racon transmits from the light. The approach to

the port is marked by a lighted beacon, standing 10m high, 2.5

miles N of the point, and by lighted buoys marking Buiten Mati

Bank. Pilotage, which is available through Belawan, is compulsory.

4.18 Anchorage.—An anchorage area has been established and

centered about 1.3 miles W of the lighted beacon. The area has

a radius of 500m.

4.19 Between Tanjung Tanjung and Tanjung Tiram, about 9

miles SE, the coast is bordered by a white sandy beach except for

a bank of mud and mangroves about 2 miles S of Tanjung Tanjung. A light is shown from Tanjung Tiram.

4.19 The Sungai Kuala Batubara (3°15'N., 99°36'E.), which

discharges on the E side of Tanjung Tiram, has shallow depths.

Fish enclosures extend up to 4 miles offshore in this vicinity.

4.19 The tidal currents set SE and NW and turn about 1 hour after

HW and LW at Tanjung Tiram.

4.19 Tanjung Tambuntulang (3°10'N., 99°45'E.), about 11 miles

ESE of Tanjung Tiram, is a low overgrown point. 

4.19 The Sungai Tambuntulang discharges close W of the point

and is marked by the village of the same name.

4.20 Tambuntulang Bank (3°12'N., 99°47'E.), with

depths of from 1.8 to 5.5m and fairly steep-to, extends about 4
40 Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 

Pub. 174

miles NE from Tanjung Tambuntulang. Numerous fishing

stakes are reported to lie near the edge of this bank.

4.20 The Sungai Asahan (3°02'N., 99°52'E.) is entered between

Tanjung Napal, 10 miles SE of Tanjung Tambuntulang, and

Tanjung Jumpul, about 2 miles to the SE. These points and the

coast in the vicinity are low, muddy and overgrown with mangroves. The channel is marked by buoys and beacons.

4.20 Jumpul Bank (3°04'N., 99°56'E.) extends about 7 miles N

from Tanjung Jumpul to the 10m curve. The bank dries up to 2

miles N from the point. The NE and E edges of the bank are

steep-to. From the SE, the bank can be picked up by soundings

but not from the NW. Fishing enclosures are erected on the

bank.

4.20 The channel in the approach to the river runs along the edge

of the drying bank extending offshore NW of Tanjung Napal

and has a least depth of 0.6m on the bar. 

4.20 Above Baganasahan about 2 miles S of Tanjung Napal, the

least depth in the channel to the wharf at Teluk Nibung is about

0.9m at LW and 4m at HWS.

4.20 Tides—Currents.—Springs rise about 3m and neaps about

1m. Outside the bar the flood sets from SE to SSE at a rate of

about 1.5 knots and the ebb NNW, but more to the N, at a rate

of about 2 knots. 

4.20 During neaps, the currents are weak and irregular and overcome by the river current. Near the outer buoy, the ebb sets

NW and the flood sets SE.

4.20 The flood begins in the entrance about 5 hours before HW;

the ebb begins about 6 hours later. The flood attains a rate of

1.5 knots and the ebb a rate of 3 knots at springs. During freshets, the rate is increased on the ebb.

4.20 Directions.—A vessel approaching the Sungai Asahan

should obtain an accurate fix by the bearings of The Brothers

and Tanjung Tambuntulang, and then steer for the outer bar

buoy. 

4.20 The channels are continually changing, only vessels with local knowledge should attempt to enter the river.

4.21 Tanjung Balai (2°58'N., 99°48'E.), the chief town of

the district, stands about 7 miles above the river entrance. It has

a 70m pier with a least depth of 0.8m alongside.

4.21 The berth at Teluknibung, about 2 miles below Tanjungbali,

an iron jetty 160m in length with a reported depth of 2m alongside. A pier 42m long lies close W of the jetty.

4.21 The coast between Tanjung Jumpul and Tanjung Siapiapi,

about 9 miles SE, is bordered by a mudbank with depths of less

than 1.8m. This bank extends up to 5.75 miles off the former

point and 2.5 miles off the latter point.

4.21 There are some fishing huts but few objects for identifying

the low, mangrove covered coast. The mountain ranges inland

are usually visible in clear weather.

Tanjung Siapiapi to Tanjung Sinaboi

4.22 Tanjung Siapiapi (2°56'N., 99°59'E.) is a low welldefined point overgrown with mangroves of moderate height

and is clearly visible up to a distance of 10 miles on SE and

NW bearings. The mud bank S of the point extends about 2.2

miles offshore and is steep-to.

4.22 The coast between Tanjung Siapiapi and Tanjung Pertandangan, about 20 miles SE, is indented by a large bay fouled by

shoals. 

4.22 Several navigable channels lead through these shoals to the

mouths of the Sungai Kuala Kualu and the Sungai Panai.

4.22 The coast forming the W side of Kualu Geul, which leads to

the Sungai Kualu, has no distinctive marks, except a customs

station on piles close off the village of Simendulang, about 7

miles S of Tanjung Siapiapa and some houses on piles off Tanjung Sibabi, about 1.7 miles farther S. 

4.22 The settlement at Ledung is difficult to make out by day, but

at night the lights of the houses can be seen and distinguished

from those on the fish stakes on the banks of the Sungai Ledung which lies S of the settlement.

4.22 A buoy is moored about 7 miles ESE of Tanjung Siapiapi.

4.22 There are four channels leading to the entrance of the Sungai

Panai but Teluk Piai Geul, which has a depth of 2.4m is the

only one now in regular use. It lies close W of the outer buoy

and close E of the mudbank extending N from Tanjung Prapat,

the W entrance point of the Sungai Panai. The channel is

buoyed on its W side.

4.22 Kualu Geul, the westernmost channel, passes W of the outer

buoy and leads to the settlement at Ledung on the W side of the

entrance to the Sungai Kualu, about 3 miles S of Tanjung Sibabi; this channel, which is not buoyed, has depths of 1.8 to 2.7m

over the bar, about 1.2 miles E of the settlement. These channels are subject to change in depth and direction.

4.22 In the inner approaches to the Sungai Kualu and the Sungai

Panai, there is a swept channel best seen on the chart. It is

198m wide and marked by buoys on its W end.

4.22 Tanjung Ledung, about 0.5 mile S of the S entrance of the

Sungai Ledung, stands out distinctly. A customs station with a

pier extending from it stands at Ledung. This pier has a depth

of 0.6m in its approach. Between Tanjung Kluang, about 3

miles S of Tanjung Ledung and Tanjung Mengedar, about 9

miles farther up, there are depths of about 1.2m.

4.22 Anchorage can be taken by vessels with local knowledge in a

depth of about 3m off Ledung. The ebb off the mouth of the

Sungai Ledung is strong, especially near the time of LW.

4.22 Vessels with local knowledge can also anchor off the settlement at Tanjung Mengedar, in a depth of about 3m.

4.22 A vessel approaching Ledung from the N should pass from

0.75 to 1 mile E of the steep-to mud bank extending SE from

Tanjung Siapiapi, and keep Tanjung Ledung well open of Tanjung Sibabi. 

4.22 When Tanjung Ledung bears 211°, it should be steered for

on that bearing, until Simendulang Customs Station bears

270°. The course should then be altered to 197° and altered as

required for the anchorage. This channel is not buoyed and

passes between shoals on either side, only vessels with local

knowledge should use it.

4.23 The Sungai Panai (2°45'N., 100°06'E.) is entered between Tanjung Datu (2°41'N., 100°06'E.) and Tanjung Bangsi, a low mangrove point, about 4.2 miles NE, about 10 miles

within the entrance the river is joined by the Sungai Bilah. The

settlement of Labuhanbilik stands on the right bank of the Sungai Panai, about 2 miles above the junction of these rivers.

4.23 Tanjung Datu has been reported to be a good radar target at

distances up to 20 miles.

4.23 There is a Customs Station and jetty at Njiri, about 3 miles S

of Tanjung Datu.
Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 41

Pub. 174

4.23 The shores of the river are mangrove covered as far as Tanjung Berembang about 7 miles SSW of Tanjung Bangsi and in

the bight N of Tanjung Berombangtunggal, the NW entrance

point of the Sungai Bila. Tanjung Berembang, an islet lying in

the middle of the Sungai Panai, about 7 miles S of Tanjung

Datu, is covered with high trees.

4.23 An overhead cable, with a vertical clearance of 13m, spans

the Sungai Barumun about 2 miles SW of Labuhanbilik.

4.23 Anchorage can be taken by vessels with local knowledge off

Berembang, about 0.5 mile N of Tanjung Berembang, in depths

of 2.4 to 3.4m, and off Labuhanbilik, in depths of 4 to 4.5m,

about 193m off the E shore.

4.23 Vessels intending to use the Teluk Piai Geul should keep a

good lookout for fishing stakes near its entrance and having

passed between the two outer lines of fishing stakes NE of Tanjung Prapat, should follow the directions given above. 

4.23 Only vessels with local knowledge should attempt to proceed to Labuhanbilik.

4.23 Tides—Currents.—Between Tanjung Siapiapi and the drying banks off the mouth of the Sungai Panai, the flood sets into

Teluk Piai Geul and follows the direction of the channel. 

4.23 The ebb sets on to Tanjung Siapiapi. Off Tanjung Pertandangan, the ebb sets to the E.

4.23 Both off and within the river mouths, for some time after the

flood begins, the surface water continues to run out while an

undercurrent sets inward. Outside the 10m curve N of the

banks, the flood sets SE. The greatest rate of the current outside the 10m curve is 2 knots; in the channels and rivers, the

greatest rate is 3 to 4 knots. There is very little slack water at

springs. 

4.23 Outside, each current runs for about 6 hours, but farther in

the ebb runs for 7 hours and the flood for 5 hours. The currents

turn about 45 minutes after HW and 30 minutes after LW.

4.23 Off Tanjung Prapat and Tanjung Datu the flood sets towards

the coast while the ebb sets strongly to the NW.

4.23 Between Tanjung Pertandangan and Tanjung Sinaboi, about

56 miles ESE, the only points of identification are the river

mouths. The mangrove covered coast is mostly muddy and low

lying. The coastal bank, as far out as the 10m curve, is marked

by fishing stakes and enclosures. Fishing boats range well offshore and at night display no lights. At times they work as far

out as close S of the Kepulauan Aruah group of islands.

4.23 Caution.—A former mined danger area exists in the approaches to the Sungai Kualoh and the Sungai Panai in which it

is reported to be dangerous to anchor, trawl, or engage in any

sea bed activity. The area is best seen on the chart.

4.23 A dangerous wreck lies approximately 15 miles NNE of

Tanjung Pertandangar.

4.24 Tanjung Pertandangan (2°42'N., 100°13'E.) is low

but shows up well from the N because of its high trees. From

Tanjung Pejudian, about 11 miles SSE of Tanjung Pertandangan, a spit with depths of less than 10m extends about 11 miles

N almost parallel with the coast. The S end of the spit is fairly

steep-to. Fishing stakes were reported to stand in the vicinity of

this spit.

4.24 Tanjung Pecudian (2°31'N., 100°20'E.) is fringed by mangroves and may be easily identified by the high trees behind it,

decreasing very rapidly in elevation upon closer approach. Panipahan Village stands 4 miles S of this point.

4.24 Between Panipahan Village and the entrance of the Sungai

Rokan, about 27 miles SE, the coast is broken by several creeks

and bordered by shoals.

4.24 Pulau Alang-besar, about 25 miles SE of Tanjung Pejudian,

lies in the entrance of the Sungai Rokan (2°18'N., 100°36'E.). 

4.24 The approach to this river is fouled by mudbanks. Off Tanjung Belanda, the E entrance point, and Tanjung Sinaboi about

16 miles ENE, the coastal bank dries out from 2.5 to 6 miles. 

4.24 A shoal, with depths of less than 10m, then extends about 26

miles NW from this section of coast and about 25 miles N from

Pulau Alang-besar.

4.25 Pulau Halang (2°11'N., 100°39'E.) is low and thickly

covered with vegetation. The channel between this islet and the

coast to the SW is suitable only for small craft.

4.25 The passage across the banks from NE of Tanjung Pertandangan to Bagansiapipi (2°09'N., 100°48'E.), at the N entrance to the Sungai Rokan, is encumbered by numerous

fishing stakes and enclosures which should be given a wide

berth.

4.25 There is no definite channel as depths are constantly changing. Only small craft with local knowledge should attempt to

navigate this estuary.

4.25 Tides—Currents.—Outside the bank extending from the

mouth of the Sungai Rokan, the flood sets SE and the ebb sets

NW. 

4.25 Near the 10m curve, the currents set along the shoals at a rate

of 3 to 4 knots at springs. 

4.25 The flood runs from about 3 hours before HW at Bagansiapipi to about 3 hours after HW.

4.25 Except for a short period of slack water, the current over the

bank’s middle is rotatory in a counterclockwise direction. 

4.25 About the time of HW at Bagansiapipi the current sets E, 3

hours after HW it sets N, at LW sets W, and 3 hours after LW, S

at a rate of 3 to 4 knots.

4.25 At neaps, the N and S currents predominate. The E and W

currents are hardly perceptible; the N current runs the longer

and at its greatest rate.

4.25 Off Bagansiapipi, both the flood and ebb follow the direction

of the mouth of the river and run at their greatest rate immediately after the turn of the tide. The maximum rate at springs being 3 to 4 knots.

4.26 Bagansiapipi (2°10'N., 100°48'E.) fronts the E shore

of the mouth of the Sungai Rokan. A pier, with a flagstaff at its

head, fronts the town. This pier is 75m long with a depth of 1m

alongside. Vessels berthed alongside ground at LW on the soft

mud which extends about 25m from the head of the pier.

4.26 From Bagansiapipi, the coast curves N and E for about 20

miles to Tanjung Sinaboi. This section of coast is bordered by

mud banks and shoals which extend up to 12 miles offshore.

4.26 Caution.—It is not advisable for vessels without local

knowledge to approach Bagansiapipi or the Sungai Rokan by

the passage W of Pulau Alang-besar, or to proceed inside the

10m curve because of the numerous fish traps and stakes in the

vicinity. 

4.26 The strong currents setting across the course make it difficult

to keep clear of these obstructions; the lighted buoys in the approach are too far apart to give proper guidance.

4.26 From 3 days before to 3 days after full and change, the flood
42 Sector 4. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Jambuair to Tanjung Sinaboi 

Pub. 174

current is usually accompanied by a tidal bore about 1m in

height. It travels at a great rate with a thundering noise and

causes damage to local craft. It usually is felt up to about 31

miles upriver.
Pub. 174

5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait

5.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 5 — CHART INFORMATION
45

Pub. 174

SECTOR 5 

THE STRAIT OF MALACCA—TANJUNG SINABOI AND TANJUNG RU TO SINGAPORE 

STRAIT

5.0 Plan.—This sector describes the S and N coasts of the Strait

of Malacca between Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait. The descriptive sequence is SE. 

General Remarks

5.1 The S coast of the Strait of Malacca between Tanjung

Sinaboi and Tanjung Medang, the N point of Pulau Medang

about 37 miles ESE, is fronted by numerous mudbanks, which

are a continuation of South Sands. Some of these banks dry

and are marked by occasional breakers.

5.1 Pulau Medang and Pulau Rupat are separated from the

Sumatera coast to the W and S by Selat Rupat, a deep passage

with the petroleum port of Dumai on its S side. Supertankers

can be accommodated alongside the berths at this port.

5.1 Between Pulau Medang and Pulau Bengkalis, about 25 miles

SE, the coast is bordered by mudbanks which extend up to 23

miles offshore. 

5.1 Selat Bengkalis passes through these banks and forms the E

entrance channel leading W to the oil port of Dumai. 

5.1 The other branch of the channel extends SE and E for about

100 miles and then about 32 miles NE to join the E end of the

Strait of Malacca. 

5.1 Pulau Bengkalis, Padang, Merbau, Rangsang and Tebing

Tinggi are separated from the coast of Sumatera by Selat

Bengkalis, Selat Lalang and Selat Pandjang and from each other by narrow channels.

5.1 The E end of Pulau Bengkalis and the N coast of Pulau

Rangsang are fronted by several long, narrow ridges of mud

and sand, which lie up to 19 miles offshore, N of Pulau Rangsang. 

5.1 The main fairway leading into and out of the Strait of Malacca lies between Long Bank (Permatang Panjang) and Fair

Channel Bank about 7 miles to the N.

5.1 The high mountain ranges inland are sometimes visible early

in the morning at certain times of the year. Some of the peaks

of these ranges are useful marks to the navigator. The navigational aids along this stretch of coast are few and far between.

5.1 The N coast of the Strait of Malacca between Tanjung Ru

and Tanjung Piai, about 166 miles SE, is only slightly indented. Most of the shoal areas which lie off this section of coast

are contained within these bights N of a line drawn between the

salient points.

5.1 Port Dickson and Melaka Road are the only two ports of any

commercial importance to shipping.

5.1 Many of the salient points and off-lying dangers found along

this section of coast are usually well marked by navigational

aids. Some of these points have been reported to be radar conspicuous. When visible, the high peaks of the mountain ridges

inland serve as good navigational aids for position fixing. 

5.1 Winds—Weather.—See paragraph 4.1.

5.1 Tides—Currents.—See paragraph 4.1.

5.1 Regulations.—STRAITREP, a joint Indonesia-MalaysiaSingapore mandatory ship reporting system, operates in the

Strait of Malacca and Singapore Strait. Further information can

be found under Singapore—Vessel Reporting System in Pub.

160, Sailing Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean

and Indian Ocean. 

5.1 Caution.—It has been reported that certain vessels carrying

hazardous cargo have been exhibiting an all round red light. 

5.1 Additionally, vessels with low freeboard use security lights

underway which mask running lights by their brilliance. The

security lights are used due to the increased potential of pirate

activity in the straits. 

5.1 Although such lighting schemes are a violation of the regulations, vessels transiting the straits should be aware of the practice and take the necessary precautions and plan accordingly. 

Off-lying Dangers

5.2 South Sands (2°35'N., 101°08'E.), similar to North

Sands, previously described in paragraph 2.13, to the NNW,

extends about 50 miles SE from a 7.4m patch about 8 miles

SW of One Fathom Bank Light and terminate between Pyramid Shoal and the Sumatera coast to the S. These shoals extend

over halfway across the strait from the Sumatera coast and are

separated by fairly deep channels. None of these dangers are

marked by navigational aids.

5.2 Pyramid Shoal (2°27'N., 101°30'E.), which lies on the N

side of the SE end of South Sands, has a least depth of 3.4m,

hard sand, and is the most dangerous shoal in the area because

of its depth and protrusion into the fairway. Bambeck Shoal,

the nearest shoal on the NE side lies on the NE side of the fairway.

5.2 A lighted buoy is moored about 7 miles SE of Pyramid

Shoal. A depth of about 10m is charted between this buoy and

the shoal. A depth of 13.6m was reported in position 2°23'N,

101°41'E.

5.2 Shoal patches of sandwave formation extend into the fairway

NE of Pyramid Shoal, the most important being depths of 12.4

and 13.1m lying about 8 miles NW of Pyramid Shoal. These

shoals reduce the width of the fairway at this point to about 7

miles and should be avoided by deep-draft vessels. A depth of

17.6m was reported in the fairway 9 miles NNW of Pyramid

Shoal and there is a depth of 19.8m 5 miles NNE of the shoal.

5.2 A wreck with a depth of 10m, whose charted position is approximate, lies 6 miles SSE of Tanjung Tuan (2°24'N., 101°51'E.).

An 8.5m patch lies about 8 miles SE of the same point.

5.3 Raleigh Shoal (2°07'N., 101°53'E.), about 4 miles

long in a NW to SE direction with a least depth of 4.8m, lies

centered about 15 miles E of Tanjung Medang (2°08'N.,

101°39'E.).

5.3 A shoal, with a depth of 19.4m, was reported to lie 3.5 miles

NNW of Raleigh Shoal. A lighted buoy is moored on the S side

of the shoal. There is a precautionary area close E of Raleigh
46 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

Shoal centered on position 2°05'N, 101°53'E.

5.3 Rob Roy Bank (1°55'N., 102°03'E.), a ridge about 15 miles

long in a NW to SE direction with a least depth of 2.1m, lies

about 27 miles SE of Tanjung Medang. A patch with a depth of

2.4m lies about 1.5 E of the 2.1m depth. The bank is steep-to

on its NE and SW sides.

5.3 A lighted beacon, exhibiting a racon, stands in the middle of

the bank.

5.3 A wreck, the exact depth which is unknown but which is

considered to have a safe clearance of 15m and whose charted

position is only approximate, lies about 11 miles E of Rob Roy

Bank. Another wreck, with a depth of 17m, was reported to lie

1.5 miles farther SE. Another dangerous wreck lies in an approximate position about 10 miles NE of the bank.

5.3 Vowler Bank (1°50'N., 102°12'E.), with depths of less than

20m, lies with its NW end about 5 miles SE of the 2.4m depth

on Rob Roy Bank. A 9.1m patch lies near the NW end of the

bank and a similar depth lies s about 3 miles SE.

5.3 Clark Bank (1°45'N., 102°20'E.) consists of two narrow

ridges, about 2 miles apart, extending in a NW to SE direction,

which lies about 4 miles SE of Vowler Bank. Depths over these

ridges range from 15.5 to 18.5m. Between these banks and the

shoals extending from the coast of Sumatera there is a deep

channel with a least width of 3 miles.

5.3 Fair Channel Bank (1°33'N., 103°03'E.) consists of two

narrow ridges, with depths of less than 18.3m and about 3

miles apart, lying almost parallel with the coast. The bank extends about 22 miles NW from a position about 14 miles

WNW of Pulau Kukup (1°19'N., 103°25'E.).

5.3 A wreck, with a swept depth of 25.5m, lies about 20 miles

WNW of Pulau Kukup and a wreck, with a depth of 23m, lies

about 10 miles WNW of the same islet. 

5.3 A long narrow shoal, about 8 miles long in a NW-SE direction, with a least depth of 9.1m, lies with its SE end about 12

miles W of Pulau Kukup. Southwest of Long Bank are numerous similar banks lying parallel with it, extending to within a

short distance of the banks fringing the Sumatera side of the

strait. An obstruction at the NW extremity of Long Bank is

marked by an lighted buoy. 

Tanjung Sinaboi to Little Karimun Island

5.4 Tanjung Sinaboi (2°17'N., 101°02'E.), low and thickly wooded, is the NE extremity of the peninsula separating the

Sungai Rokan from Selat Rupat. Pulau Sinaboi, a small lightcolored islet, lies close NW of Tanjung Sinaboi and shows up

well against the darker growth of the mainland.

5.4 The coast between Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ketam,

about 23 miles SE, is uniformly low and overgrown with mangroves. Good anchorage can be taken in the channel off this

coast. 

5.4 Between the inshore channel off the coast between Tanjung

Sinaboi and Tanjung Ketam and the fairway of the Strait of

Malacca, there are many mud banks which are a continuation

SE of South Sands, as far as and S of Pyramid Shoal.

5.4 Bakal Iba Bank (2°05'N., 101°18'E.) lies parallel to and

about 1 mile offshore close NW of Tanjung Ketam; it dries at

its SE end, and has depths of 0.3 to 1.8m, hard sand, over the

remainder. In the channel between the bank and the coast there

is a least depth of 8.8m at its SE end.

5.4 Tides—Currents.—Along the edge of the coastal bank W

of Pulau Sinaboi and in the channel between Tanjung Sinaboi

and Tanjung Ketam, the currents set generally fair with the

channel, setting SE at a maximum rate of 2 knots, and NW at 3

knots. The currents turn about 3 hours after HW and LW along

the shore. About 7 to 9 miles NW of Pulau Rupat, the currents

set from E to ENE and from W to NW at a rate of 2 knots. 

5.4 The irregular outline of the shoals, however, causes deflections of the current, so that caution is very necessary. The current turns about 3 hours after HW and LW along the

shore.Near the banks off the N entrance of Selat Rupat, the currents set diagonally across, from and to Bakal Tua Bank.

5.5 Pulau Medang (2°05'N., 101°40'E.) and Pulau Rupat

are separated from each other by a narrow, winding strait of no

importance to navigation. Both islands are heavily wooded. 

5.5 Pulau Rupat is separated from the coast of Sumatera by Selat

Rupat.

5.5 Foul ground, with numerous drying patches, extends about 7

miles offshore from the N side of Pulau Rupat and the NW side

of Pulau Medang. A shoal with a depth of 14.7m lies 6.5 miles

NNE of Tanjung Medang.

5.5 Between Tanjung Medang and Tanjung Mambul, the E entrance point of the N end of Selat Rupat, about 11 miles WSW,

the tree-covered coast is bordered by a series of shoals which

extend up to 5.2 miles offshore. 

5.5 The NE side of Pulau Medang is tree covered and marked by

some native villages. A conspicuous house with a red roof is

situated about 4 miles SE of Tanjung Medang.

5.5 A detached bank, which dries on its outer side, lies about 2

miles offshore, about 6 miles SE of Tanjung Medang.

Selat Rupat (Selat Dumai) (2°03'N., 101°21'E.) separates

Pulau Rupat from the mainland of Sumatera. Tanjung Ketam,

the W entrance point of the N end of Selat Rupat, is low and

sandy and is marked by some houses and coconut trees.

5.5 Pulau Ketam, a small islet, stands 7 miles SSE of Tanjung

Ketam and Pulau Atung, Pulau Mampu, Pulau Payung, Pulau

Rampang, and Pulau Mentelier stand up to 8.5 miles farther

SSE. All of these islets are low but tree-covered. The entire S

shore of the strait is densely wooded.

5.5 A prominent village stands on the N side of the strait about 4

miles E of Tanjung Kapal, the SW extremity of Pulau Rupat. 

Dumai (1°41'N., 101°27'E.)

World Port Index No. 50785

5.6 The port of Dumai is situated on the S side of Selat

Rupat on the mainland coast of Sumatera directly opposite

Tanjung Kapal. Dumai is an important oil loading terminal,

with facilities for loading general cargo.

5.6 Tides—Currents.—The average range of the spring tides is

about 2.4m; the average range of the neap tides is 1.7m.

5.6 The current sets parallel to the faces of the wharves with the

flood setting to the E at a rate of 3 knots and the ebb setting to

Port of Dumai

http://www.dumaiport.co.id
Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 47

Pub. 174

the W at a maximum rate of 2 knots. There is no slack period at

springs and neaps. Tidal signals are displayed from the oil

wharf at the port of Dumai. 

5.6 Two fixed red lights horizontally disposed indicate an E current; two fixed white lights, horizontally disposed, indicate a

W current. Red and white balls are used in lieu of the lights

during the day time.

5.6 Depths—Limitations.—The Dumai port area can be

reached by deep-draft vessels by proceeding from the Strait of

Malacca into Selat Bengkalis and following a buoyed channel

on a S course for about 22 miles to the junction of Selat Rupat. 

5.6 Vessels must make a turn of about 180° to enter Selat Rupat

and then follow a W course for a distance of 33 miles to Dumai. The Selat Bengkalis and the Selat Rupat fairways have

been wire-dragged to a depth of 24m and 18.3m, respectively.

5.6 Incoming ships are assigned berths in accordance with time

of arrival, product to be loaded, size of vessels, and loaded

draft.

5.6 There are many wharves available at Dumai. One wharf is

Pertamina-owned and consists of two berths. Another wharf is

the Pertamina Product Jetty and consists of four berths. The

other four wharves are Chevron-owned and operated. 

5.6 Berthing facilities at the port are described in the accompanying table titled Dumai—Berthing Facilities.

5.6 Pilotage.—Pilotage for Selat Rupat, Selat Bengkalis, and

Lalang Terminal is compulsory and is available 24 hours. The

pilot boards N of Fairway Lighted Buoy. Vessels should send

ETA through Dumai (PKP) 96 hours and 24 hours in advance,

notifying of any changes of over 3 hours immediately. 

5.6 Vessels also need to state if proceeding through Singapore

and send an amended ETA upon leaving there. Vessels should

contact Morong Pilot Station on VHF channel 16 requesting a

pilot at the fairway buoy.

5.6 Harbor pilotage is compulsory for all vessels entering the inner harbor at Dumai. The ETA must be sent 6 hours in advance.

Harbor pilots are available 24 hours. 

5.6 Pilots will board vessels at the cargo (berthing) anchorage in

position 1°42.5'N, 101°26.0'E, or on arrival at Buoy 18 if a

berth is available. Harbor pilotage is performed by government

pilots.

5.6 All vessels proceeding to Dumai should hoist the International Code Flag “H” or “PT” when passing Buoy 17 and call

Chevron on VHF channel 12. At this time the vessel will be notified if pilots are available; if not, then the vessel may proceed

directly to Dumai Harbor Anchorage Area. 

5.6 Regulations.—The Rupat Strait/Bengkalis Strait area has

been designated as a restricted maritime zone by Indonesia. A

partial exemption from the requirement to secure special Indonesian Consular clearance prior to entering this zone has been

granted by the Indonesian navy to tankers bound for Dumai

from any port in the world except Singapore. 

5.6 Vessels require only normal clearance from their last port to

obtain entry at Dumai. Vessels diverted at sea need only normal

clearance from the last port and the diversion cable. 

5.6 All vessels inbound to Dumai from abeam of Raleigh Bank

Lighted Buoy until anchored off Dumai must display the International Code Flag hoist “CAL” flown from the signal yard, by

day; and a red light, 1.8m above a white light, by night.

5.6 Anchorage.—The Dumai general anchorage is N and W of

the oil wharves. The least depth in this area is 14.6m. Holding

ground at these anchorages is good, with clay bottom. 

5.6 It is reported that this area is sufficient enough for ease of

maneuvering and will provide swinging room for several vessels of the size that are accommodated at the oil wharves.

5.7 Selat Bengkalis (1°39'N., 101°56'E.) lies between the

SW side of Pulau Bengkalis and Sumatera and is entered W of

Tanjung Jati, the W extremity of Pulau Bengkalis, which

stands about 19 miles SE of Tanjung Masim. The N approach

is deep and presents no difficulty if the buoyed channel is followed. 

5.7 The W shore of the approach, from the NE extremity of Pulau Rupat to Tanjung Masim is covered with low trees and covered at HW. Tall trees stand inland.

5.7 Shoals, with depths from 3 to 11m, extend up to 20 miles N

and NW from Tanjung Jati.

Dumai—Berthing Facilities

Berth Max. size Length Draft Least depth 

at LWS

Pertamina Berth

No. 1 100,000 dwt 275m 17.2m 18.0m

No. 2 10,500 dwt 135m 13.0m 15.0m

No. 3 35,000 dwt 200m 16.4m 16.0m

No. 4 25,000 dwt 154m 16.0m 15.0m

No. 5 35,000 dwt 200m 15.6m 16.0m

No. 6 3,000 dwt 90m 16.1m 15.0m

Chevron Oil Wharf 

No. 1 150,000 dwt 285m 17.7m 18.6m

No. 2 150,000 dwt 350m 17.7m 18.0m

No. 3 100,000 dwt 260m 17.7m
48 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

5.7 A shoal, with a depth of 7.2m, lies about 4 miles WNW of

Tanjung Jati. A shoal, with a depth of 10.6m, lies on the SW

side of the strait about 4.7 miles SW of the same point.

5.7 Southward of Tanjung Balai, about 17 miles SE of Tanjung

Jati, Selat Bengkalis becomes Selat Lalang. 

5.7 Selat Lalang leads into Selat Pandjang and this strait has

considerable depths for about 60 miles but is then fouled by islets and shoals.

5.7 The Sungai Siak (1°14'N., 102°10'E.) branches off in a S direction at Tanjung Lajang 9 miles S of Tanjung Balaidalam.

5.8 Pulau Bengkalis (1°29'N., 102°16'E.) is uniformly

covered with vegetation. Its N coast is fronted by shallow ridges running parallel to it and separated by deeper channels. The

village of Bantantengah lies about midway between Tanjung

Jati and Tanjung Parit, the NE end of the island. During May

and November numerous fishing boats frequent the waters N of

the island.

5.8 A shoal, with a depth of 3.9m, lies on a ridge about 7 miles N

of Bantantengah.

5.8 The E coast of Pulau Bengkalis is fringed by a steep-to bank

of mud and sand extending about 0.3 mile offshore. A river discharges into the strait about 2 miles S of Tanjung Senekip,

which lies 3.75 miles SSE of Tanjung Parit.

5.8 A shoal, with a depth of 8.5m, lies 2.5 miles offshore 4.5

miles SE of Tanjung Senekip.

5.8 A shoal, with depths of less than 10m, lies centered 1.5 miles

offshore between Tanjung Senekip and Tanjung Pulau Kandar.

5.9 Tanjung Palau Kandar (1°15'N., 102°30'E.), with

the village of Sekadi on it, is the SE extremity of Pulau

Bengkalis. A spit, with a depth of 0.5m, extends 0.5 mile S,

and a 4.8m depth lies about 1 mile SW of the point.

5.9 Between the E coast of Pulau Bengkalis and Long Bank,

about 29 miles to the E, there are several narrow sand ridges

separated by channels with greater depths.

5.9 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents set along the N side

of Pulau Bengkalis and Pulau Rangsang, to the SE, in an E to

ESE direction at a rate of 2 knots at springs, and from W to

NW at a rate of 3 knots. 

5.9 At neaps, both currents are weak off Pulau Bengkalis, but

have a rate of from 1 to 1.5 knots off Pulau Rangsang. 

5.9 In the bight between these two islands, the current sets in and

out.

5.9 In Selat Bengkalis, the SE current begins about 2 hours after

LW along the shore and may attain a rate of more than 2 knots.

The NW current begins 2 hours after HW and at times attains a

rate of 3 knots.

5.9 Bengkalis Settlement (1°28'N., 102°06'E.) (World Port Index No. 50790) stands on the NE side of Selat Bengkalis, about

11 miles SE of Tanjung Jati.

5.9 Pulabuhan Bengkalis is a small trading post with two small

piers. The commercial pier, 30m long, has a usable length of 50m,

with depths of 4m alongside. Vessels up to 500 grt are accepted.

5.9 Government Pier, lying approximately 0.6 mile SE, is 10m

long. A dangerous wreck (PD) lies off the pier.

5.9 Anchorage can be made anywhere in the approach channel

from NW or off the settlement, with good holding ground of

mud, sand, and stiff clay.

5.10 Sungaipakning (1°20'N., 102°10'E.) (World Port Index No. 50805) stands about 2 miles S of Tanjung Balaidalam.

A radio mast, painted red and white, stands in the town. 

5.10 A shoal, with a least charted depth of 8m, extends about 3

miles SE from a point about 1 mile NE of the charted light in

position 1°20.7'N, 102°09.5'E.

5.10 Depths—Limitations.—Wharf No. 1, reported capable of

accommodating tankers up to 259m in length, with a depth of

14.5m alongside, extends from the shore at Sungaipakning.

The T-head is 305m and is connected to the shore by a long

causeway, 213m in length. 

5.10 Wharf No. 2, which stands 0.5 mile S of Wharf No. 1, has a

central platform 55m in length and 12m wide. The wharf is capable of handling two tankers simultaneously, but vessels up to

85,000 dwt have been successively loaded alongside. 

5.10 The wharf is flanked by two large mooring dolphins; the outer dolphins are detached but the inner dolphins are connected

to the loading platform by catwalks.

5.10 Pilotage.—The harbor pilot boards in the anchorage area.

5.10 Anchorage.—The recommended anchorage lies about 1

mile NNE of Wharf No. 1, in depths of 20 to 40m, clay, good

holding ground, but mariners are cautioned that the tidal currents are strong.

5.10 Caution.—The wreck of the M/V Lestari Permai is reported

(2005) to lie 1.5 miles E of Sungaipakning and S of the charted

anchorage area.

5.11 Lalang Marine Terminal (1°11'N., 102°13'E.) consists of an SPM, to which is secured a 141,000 ton storage

barge, in a depth of 22.7m. The berth is situated on the starboard side of the barge. The barge is 284m long and painted

bright orange. There is a limiting depth of 17m in the approach.

Vessels over 140,000 dwt and with a draft greater than 16.7m

on departure will not be accepted without prior agreement with

the terminal. Pilotage is compulsory; the pilot boards E of Selat Morong (1°56'N., 101°51'E.).

5.11 The Sungai Siak, which stands about 9 miles S of Tanjung

Balai, is about 1 mile wide at its entrance and is navigable only

No. 4 55,000 dwt 210m 15.3m

Government Cargo Wharf 

No. 1 10,000 dwt 183m 10.4m

No. 2 23,000 dwt 183m 10.4m

Dumai—Berthing Facilities

Berth Max. size Length Draft Least depth 

at LWS
Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 49

Pub. 174

by small craft with local knowledge. Above Siak, about 40

miles above the entrance, the navigation of the river is difficult

for vessels exceeding 60m in length.

Islands and Channels 

5.12 Selat Padang (1°25'N., 102°13'E.), the channel between Pulau Bengkalis and Pulau Padang to the S, is in frequent use by small craft trading between Singapore and

Bengkalis. The channel is almost 1 mile wide with depths of 6

to 14m in the fairway. The channel is contracted to a width of

0.3 mile at its SE entrance by the extending shoal which has a

least depth of 4.8m.

5.12 From Tanjung Padang (1°25'N., 102°12'E.), the S entrance

point of the W end of the strait, a spit with a depth of 1.8m at

its outer end, extends 2.5 miles W from the point. The spit

dries up to 1 mile W of the point.

5.12 Dedap, a wooded islet, lies on a sandbank which extends

about 0.2 mile offshore from the SW side of the strait about 11

miles SE of Tanjung Padang.

5.12 In Selat Padang the E current has a maximum rate of 2 knots

and makes about 2 hours after LW. The W current has a maximum rate of about 3 knots and makes about 2 hours after HW.

Toward neaps the currents are very weak but the W current predominates.

5.12 Selat Asam (1°09'N., 102°29'E.), which lies between Pulau

Padang to the W and Pulau Merbau and Pulau Tebing Tinggi to

the E, has a least width of about 1 mile and a least depth of

about 12m in its N approach. 

5.12 The shores are steep-to, except off the N entrance point at its

S end where it joins Selat Lalang and Selat Pandjang. A spit,

with a depth of 8m at its outer end, extends about 1 mile S from

this point. A village stands on the SE extremity of Pulau

Padang.

5.12 Selat Lalang is about 2.2 to 4 miles wide and has a least

depth of 11m in the fairway but there is a ridge with a depth of

8m near the middle of the strait abreast Makapan Settlement

which stands on the W bank about 15 miles S of Tanjung

Lajang.

Selat Pandjang (0°50'N., 102°25'E.) has a width of 1.5 to

3.2 miles, except where it is fouled by shoals and islets.

5.12 The above passages are only used by local vessels and are of

little commercial importance.

5.12 Tides—Currents.—In Selat Lalang and Selat Pandjang the

currents turn from 2 to 2.5 hours after HW and LW along the

shore. 

5.12 The SE and E currents have a maximum rate of 3.5 knots,

and set along the coast of Sumatera into Sungi Kampar, about

14 miles SE of the E entrance of Selat Pandjang. 

5.12 The W and NW currents have a maximum rate of 4 knots,

being stronger near the E end of Selat Pandjang.

5.13 Selat Ringgit (1°00'N., 102°36'E.), between the SE

side of Pulau Merbau and the NW end of Pulau Tebing Tinggi,

has a least width of about 46m, and depths are reported to be

from about 5 to 12m. Vessels should favor the N side of the

fairway at both ends of the strait.

5.13 Directions.—A vessel bound for Bengkalis Settlement from

the Strait of Malacca may pass close along the E side of Pulau

Bengkalis, round its SE end, taking care to avoid the spit which

extends from it, and then proceed through Selat Padang. 

Pulau Merbau (1°03'N., 102°32'E.), separated from the adjacent islands by Selat Asam and Selat Ringgit, is bordered by

a shoal bank on its NE side which extends about 12 miles offshore. The inner part of this bank dries. 

5.13 Between this bank and the bank which extends from the NW

side of Pulau Rangsang is the W fairway leading into Selat

Kungkung which in turn leads into Selat Ajer Hitam. 

5.13 Several narrow banks lying in a N to S direction, with depths

of 1.2 to 5.5m lie in the N part of this fairway.

5.13 The N and NE coasts of Pulau Rangsang are fringed by a

mud bank which dries out up to 1 mile offshore. A village

stands on the NE side of the island 8 miles SE of Tanjung Kedabu, the NE point.

5.13 Numerous fishing stakes may be encountered up to 5 miles

offshore between Tanjung Kedabu and Tanjung Medang

Kaluwar (0°53'N., 103°10'E.).

5.14 Selat Kungkung (1°00'N., 102°40'E.), entered between Pulau Merbau and the W end of Pulau Rangsang, should

not be used by vessels without local knowledge, as the approaches for 20 miles to the N are fouled by long shoal ridges

some of which have depths of less than 1.2m and they are not

buoyed. 

5.14 A drying bank extends up to 1 mile from the NW coast of

Pulau Rangsang.

5.14 At Tanjung Majan (1°01'N., 102°44'E.), about 7 miles E of

Tanjung Ajung, Selat Kungkung leads into Selat Ajer Hitam,

which separates Pulau Rangsang from the N side of Pulau

Tebing Tinggi.

5.14 Close to the SE end of Pulau Tebing Tinggi there is a narrow

channel, with a least depth of 3.5m, leading into the E end of

Selat Pandjang.

5.14 The Sungai Sudur (1°02'N., 102°47'E.) and the Sungai Suwir flow into the N and S sides, respectively, of the NW end of

Selat Ajer Hitam.

5.14 Tides—Currents.—In Selat Kungkung and Selat Ajer Hitam, the SE current commences about 2 hours after LW, and

the NW current about 2 hours after HW, at rates of 2.5 and 4

knots, respectively, at springs. Both currents are weak at neaps,

the NW current being the stronger. 

5.15 Selatpandjang Settlement (1°01'N., 102°42'E.)

stands on the S shore about 5 miles E of the W entrance of Selat Kungkung. A T-head cargo pier, with a depth of about 7m

alongside, extends from the shore abreast of the settlement. A

light is shown on the pier. An oil jetty, 23m in length, with a

depth of 6m, is also situated near the village. A ferry quay, 9m

in length, with a depth of 5m, can also be found at the settlement. 

5.15 Pulau Manggung (0°49'N., 103°05'E.), Pulau Topang, Pulau Lebu, Pulau Serapung, and Pulau Mendol, which stand off

the entrances of both Selat Ajer Hitam and Selat Pandjang, are

low, thickly wooded islands. A pier extends from the SW side

of Pulau Mendol. 

5.15 Serapung Village, on the E side of the island of the same

name, may be easily identified by the red roof of the customs

station. Local knowledge of the channels can be obtained here.

5.15 A shoal area with depths of less than 5.2m extends about 3

miles E from the NE extremity of Pulau Manggung and then
50 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

curves S and SW to the S extremity of Pulau Topang. There is a

least depth of 0.9m over this shoal. 

5.15 A similar shoal area, with a depth of less than 0.6m extends

from a position about 3 miles E of the SE extremity of Pulau

Topang to Pulau Burung. 

5.15 The least charted depth in the channel between the two shoal

areas is about 5.3m.

5.16 Pulau Lalang (0°50'N., 103°17'E.), rocky, hilly, and

overgrown with brush, stands 3.75 miles SE of Pulau Burung.

It is a small reef-fringed islet surrounded by numerous rocks

and shoals within 1 mile N, S, and W its sides. Detached reefs

lie about 1.2 miles E, 1 mile SSE, and 1.5 miles SSE, respectively of Pulau Lalang.

5.16 Pulau Rusah (0°44'N., 103°16'E.), a rock topped by tall

trees, stands in the fairway of the channel leading W and S of

Pulau Kundur into Selat Durian. Pulau Turus and Batu Lanjang, awash, lie 1 mile and 2.75 miles SSE, respectively, of Pulau Rusah. 

5.16 Between Pulau Turus and Batu Lanjang to the W, and Pulau

Kundur to the E, there is a drying shoal. It extends about 3

miles NW from a position about 2 miles E of Batu Lanjang. 

5.16 Two drying rocks, and a scrub covered rocky islet, lie about

l.5, 2, and 3 miles SE of Batu Lanjang.

5.16 A clear passage, with a least depth of 5.8m in mid-channel,

lies between these dangers and the NE side of Pulau Mendol.

5.16 Tides—Currents.—In the strait between as well as outside

these islands the flood sets to the SE, and the ebb to the NW;

the ebb current being the stronger.

5.16 The current near the E coast of Pulau Bengkalis has a rate of

almost 2 knots and increases to a rate of 3.5 knots near Pulau

Belembang and Pulau Burung.

5.16 Selat Kampur (0°28'N., 103°08'E.), which rises in the

mountain ranges in W Sumatera, discharges on both sides of

Pulau Mendol but the main channel passes E of this island. 

5.16 Small local vessels navigate this river up to 18 miles above

the entrance but local knowledge is essential. 

5.17 Pulau Burung (0°51'N., 103°14'E.), which stands

about 5 miles SE of Tanjung Medang Kaluwar, the E extremity

of Pulau Rangsang, is high, densely wooded, and fringed by

above and below-water rocks.

5.17 Pulau Belembang (0°53'N., 103°14'E.) stands 1.5 miles N

of Pulau Burung and is also surrounded by above and belowwater rocks. The islet is low and covered with brush.

5.17 Drying rocks lie close NE and about 1 mile NE, respectively,

of Pulau Belembang. A 4.4m patch lies about 2 miles NE of the

islet. 

Pulau Kempaan (Kenipaan) (0°54'N., 103°20'E.), about 2

miles in length, stands 6 miles ENE of Pulau Belembang and 2

miles W of the N extremity of Pulau Kundur. The bottom between this island and Pulau Kundur is foul. Above and belowwater rocks lie in Selat Gelam between Pulau Kempaan and

Pulau Babi. Pulau Nipah, close N of Pulau Kempaan, is the

only uninhabited islet.

5.17 Pulau Babi (0°57'N., 103°22'E.), 2.5 miles NNE of Pulau

Kempaan, rises to a height of 80m. 

5.17 Pulau Tambelas (0°59'N., 103°13'E.), 80m high, stands

about 4 miles NNW of Pulau Kempaan, in the fairway between

Selat Gelam and the channels between the islands SW of it.

The island has three peaks and from a distance appears as two

islands.

The Karimum Islands

5.18 The Karimun Islands consist of Great Karimun (Pulau

Karimunbesar), Little Karimun (Pulau Karimun Ketjil), and a

number of off-lying islets. They differ in character from the

low marshy islands of the E coast of Sumatera, being hilly with

fertile soil, and are well-populated. They are surrounded by

reefs and shoals, many of which are completely or partly dry.

5.18 The islands in the Karimun group N of Selat Gelam are described below. The islands in the Karimun group S of Selat Gelam are described in paragraph 8.76.

5.19 Great Karimun (1°04'N., 103°21'E.) is mountainous

at its N end, the principal peaks being Betina, 416m high standing 1.75 miles SW of the N extremity, and Djantan, 453m high,

about 1.25 miles S of Betina. The S end of the island, except

near Tanjung Balai, consists of low, swampy ground. The surrounding islets are rocky and thickly overgrown.

5.19 On the E side of Great Karimun, a bay is formed between

Tanjung Bula Kasap, the NE point of the island, and Tanjung

Sebatak, about 5 miles SSE. This bay is fouled by a shallow

mud bank which extends about 1 mile offshore, out to the line

of its entrance points.

5.19 During the Southwest Monsoon good anchorage can be taken off the E side of Great Karimun, to the SE of Little Karimun, over a bottom of stiff gray mud with good holding

ground. The depths over the bank fronting this anchorage range

from 8.2 to 9.1m and have to be crossed to get to the anchorage

area. 

5.19 A designated anchorage area has been established in the waters E of Great Karimun just S of the eastbound traffic separation lane. All vessels anchoring in this area should comply with

the port procedures.

Selat Gelam (0°58'N., 103°26'E.), the passage between the

S end of Great Karimun and the N end of Pulau Kondur, is

used by local craft trading between Singapore and the islands

to the SW. The passage at its E end is about 3 miles wide but

about 6 miles to the W the channel is divided into two channels

by Pulau Babi. The S channel has greater depths but it is fouled

by more shoals. Neither channel is buoyed. 

5.19 Assan and Mudu, rocky and thickly-overgrown islands, 83

and 65m high, respectively, lie about 1.2 miles off the NW side

of Great Karimun. Sajuda, an above-water rock, lies 0.5 mile N

of Assan and Seal Rock lies about 0.5 mile NE of Sajuda.

Tokong Belanda, a low rock, lies about 1 mile WNW of the

NW extremity of Assan.

5.19 Mudu (1°06'N., 103°17'E.) lies about 1 mile SSW of Assan.

Reefs extend about 0.5 mile from its NW and W sides. A 5.7m

patch lies about 1.2 miles W of the N extremity of Mudu. A

drying reef extends about 0.7 mile SSW from the island.

5.20 Little Karimun (1°09'N., 103°24'E.), separated from

the NE side of Great Karimun by a deep channel about 0.5 mile

wide, is a bold island, 377m high.

5.20 In the NW approach to the channel between Great Karimun

and Little Karimun are two islets, Nangoi (1°10'N., 103°22'E.),

39m high, about 1.2 miles W of the NW end of Little Karimun,
Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 51

Pub. 174

and Tantun, a fairly steep-to islet, about 1 mile SW of Nangoi. 

5.20 In the channel close to the SW side of Little Karimun is an

above-water rock, which narrows the channel to about 0.3

mile. Petera, an islet about 9.1m high, stands in mid-channel at

the S end of the channel.

5.20 A bank, with depths of 5.5m and a least depth of 1.5m, extends about 1.2 miles SSE from the S side of Little Karimun.

This bank continues in the same direction, parallel with the

coast of Great Karimun, for an additional 15 miles with depths

of less than 10m. A 0.9m depth is near its middle.

5.20 In the passage between Great and Little Karimun, the tidal

current attains a rate of 4 knots at springs.

5.20 Pulau Iyu Besar (1°11'N., 103°21'E.) and Pulau Iyu Kecil,

each 45m high, lie about 3 miles N of Little Karimun. Pulau

Iyu Kecil lies 0.5 mile NE of Pulau Iyu Besar. The islets are

known as The Brothers.

5.20 A rock, with a depth of 2m, lies 0.3 mile NE of Pulau Iyu

Kecil, and a rock, with a depth of 2.5m, lies 0.2 mile N of the

same islet. A rock, awash, lies 0.2 mile NW of Pulau Iyu Kecil,

and a rock, with a depth of 6.1m, lies 0.5 mile S of the same islet. All of these rocks are steep-to. 

Tanjong Ru to Tanjong Piai

5.21 Taluong Ru (2°51'N., 101°17'E.) stands on the E side

of the approach to Selat Kelang. The coast between Tanjong

Ru and Tanjong Gabang, about 15 miles SE, is indented about

midway along its length by Kuala Langat. This shallow river is

not frequented by any but small local craft.

5.21 The coastal bank, which extends about 2 miles from Kuala

Langat, is steep-to and shoals rapidly from a depth of 27.4m to

0.3m, with numerous patches which dry, between the edge of

the bank and the river entrance.

5.21 Bukit Jugra (2°51'N., 101°25'E.), a thickly-wooded conspicuous hill 240m high, stands about 3 miles NNE of the river

entrance. 

5.21 This hill is the only hill near the coast and is easily identified; when seen from the NW or W it appears as an oblong

shape at both ends, but from the S it appears conical.

5.21 Kampong Morib (2°45'N., 101°27'E.), which is conspicuous, stands 3.75 miles SSE of the entrance of Kuala Langat.

All of the buildings in the town are clearly visible from the offing. A drying sand bank extends up to 1.75 miles off Kampong

Morib, the depths then increasing rapidly about 0.5 mile farther

offshore. The edge of this bank is difficult to see and should be

given a wide berth.

5.21 Taluong Gabang (2°42'N., 101°29'E.), about 4 miles SSE of

Kampong Morib, is not easily identified. Kampong Batu Laut

stands at the mouth of a small river about 2 miles SE of the

point and is clearly visible from the offing. A steep-to mud

bank extends 0.3 mile offshore at the village.

5.21 Between Tanjong Gabang and the entrance of the Sungai

Sepang Besar, about 16 miles ESE, the thickly wooded coast is

fringed by a sand and mudbank which extends up to 0.5 mile

offshore. A conspicuous tree stands about 5 miles SE of Tanjong Gabang.

5.21 Tides—Currents.—Off the coastal bank SW of Kuala Langat the SE current begins from 4 hours 30 minutes to 4 hours

before HW at the shore. At springs the rate is 1.75 knots and

0.5 knot at neaps. The NNW current begins from 1 hour 30

minutes to 2 hours after HW by the shore. At springs the rate is

2 knots and 1 knot at neaps.

5.22 The Sungai Sepang Besar (2°36'N., 101°43'E.) is

navigable by small craft with a draft of about 1.8m at HW for a

distance of about 4 miles. The Sungai Sepang Kechil discharges into the strait about 2 miles WNW of the Sungai Sepang Besar but is available only to small craft. A chimney, almost

obscured by trees but noticeable at times by its smoke, stands

1.25 miles N of the entrance of the Sungai Sepang Kechil.

5.22 The Sungai Lukut Besar (2°34'N., 101°47'E.), which discharges about 5 miles E of the Sungai Sepang Besar, is shallow. A village stands on the bank at the river entrance. A 19m

high hill stands close W of the entrance of the Sungai Lukut

Besar. It makes a good landmark on an otherwise featureless

stretch of coast.

5.22 Tanjong Kamuning (2°31'N., 101°48'E.) is steep-to with

depths of 11m about 0.5 mile SW of it. Pulau Borong, a low

densely-wooded rock-fringed islet surrounded by a shallow

bank, stands 1.5 miles N of the point. 

5.23 Bambek Shoal (2°33'N., 101°40'E.), about 4 miles

offshore, lies SW of the mouth of the Sungai Sepang Besar. It

has a depth of 0.3m near its center and is composed of hard

sand. Its NW and SE sides are steep-to with depths increasing

to over 15m. A bank with a least charted depth of 4.8m lies between Bambek Shoal and the coast. A deep channel lies between this bank and the coast.

5.23 Several detached banks, with depths of 11 to 18.3m, lie W

and NW of Bambek Shoal. The W patch, with a depth of

18.7m, lies about 6 miles WNW of the shallowest part of Bambek Shoal.

5.23 The NW extremity of a sand ridge, which extends about 10

miles SE toward Tanjong Tuan, lies about 3 miles E of the shallowest part of Bambek Shoal.

5.23 Two patches, each with depths of 1.2m, stand on the ridge

about 2 miles S and 3.5 miles SE respectively, of Tanjong Kamuning. Between the N part of this ridge and the coast there is

a channel about 0.5 mile wide with depths of 20.1 to 36.6m,

suitable for large vessels, leading NW to the anchorage off Port

Dickson. 

5.23 A narrow channel 0.3 mile wide with depths of 11 to 23.8m,

lies between the S part of the ridge and the coast and leads N to

this anchorage from Tanjong Tuan. This channel is suitable

only for small craft with local knowledge. 

5.23 On the NE side of this S approach to Port Dickson there are

several shoals and rocks, the most remarkable being a rock

which dries 0.9m, lying 1.75 miles SE of Pulau Arang Arang.

5.24 Port Dickson (2°31'N., 101°48'E.) (World Port Index

No. 49960) is situated on the W coast of the Malaysian Peninsula facing the Strait of Malacca. The town stretches along the

coast in the direction of Tanjung Tuan, located 8 miles SE.

5.24 Port Dickson is an important oil terminal operated by Shell

and Esso, and is a minor port for general cargo.

5.24 Winds—Weather.—During the period from May through

October, vessels may experience Sumatras, which usually blow

from a SW to a NW direction. The average duration is between

1 hour and 4 hours, with wind velocities between 40 and 50

knots, followed shortly thereafter by heavy rain. 
52 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

5.24 During the Southwest Monsoon, there is a continual swell

and rough sea at the anchorage. At other times, an appreciable

swell may also be experienced.

5.24 Tides—Currents.—Port Dickson tides are semi-diurnal. At

the outer anchorage, the tidal current sets SE from 3 hours 30

minutes before until 2 hours 45 minutes after HW, and NW

from 3 hours 25 minutes after until 4 hours 45 minutes before

HW at Port Dickson.

5.24 In the inner anchorage, the tidal current sets SE from 3 hours

45 minutes before until 3 hours 45 minutes after HW, and NW

during the remaining period.

5.24 The tidal current close inshore on the W side of Tanjong Kamuning at times sets in an opposite direction to that of the outer anchorage, resulting in a confused tidal condition and eddies

in the fairway S of Tanjong Kamuning.

5.24 Depths—Limitations.—There is a deep water approach

channel from NW, marked by lighted buoys, which presents no

difficulties and is clear of dangers.

5.24 Port installations comprise the following:

1. Esso-Shell Single Buoy Mooring (2°31.3'N.,

101°47.0'E.), a yellow steel buoy, 10.7m in diameter, in a

least depth of 27.4m, with a sand, mud, rock, and stone bottom. This facility will accommodate tankers up to 274m in

length with a 14.3m draft or 90,000 dwt capacity. 

2. The Railway Jetty, 182.9m long with a 46m face, is

used by dry cargo vessels and LPG carriers drawing up to

7.9m. A small boat harbor that is contained in the curve of

the stone approach to the Railway Jetty affords little shelter

against S winds and dries out at LW.

3. Shell Jetty (2°31.2'N., 101°47.6'E.) is situated about

0.1 mile W of the Railway Jetty. It is a 213m long reinforced

concrete jetty with a 51.8m long and 10.9m wide T-head and

four dolphins. The maximum distance between the outer dolphins is 304.8m. 

Alongside depths of 7.9m allow vessels up to 18,000 dwt

with a length of 152.4m and a draft of 6.4m to berth. 

Berthing maneuvers usually take place in daylight; vessels

over 121.9m in length requiring to swing are taken in on the

flood only.

4. New Shell Jetty (2°32'N., 101°47'E.) is a 430m long

T-head jetty with three berths. Berth 1 and Berth 3, on its

seaward face, can accommodate a vessel with a maximum

draft of 10.5m. Berth 2, on the SE landward face, can accommodate a vessel with a maximum draft of 7.5m.

5. Esso Jetty is situated about 0.5 mile NW of Shell Jetty. It consists of a reinforced concrete island, 64m x 7.3m,

with a distance between the outer buoys of 219.5m. The approach depth is 12.2m. There is an alongside depth of 10.3m,

which allows vessels up to 19,500 dwt, with a maximum

length of 170.7m, to berth day or night. 

Berthing is during daylight only but can be carried out on

any state of tide for vessels up to 45,000 dwt. Vessels above

this limit are berthed on the ebb only. A submarine oil pipeline is laid to the buoy from the shore, about 0.1 mile N of

Tanjong Kamuning. Two floating hoses marked by lights

may extend up to 230m from the mooring buoy.

6. The head of a T-headed jetty extending about 1 mile

WSW from the shore is situated about 1 mile N of the EssoShell SBM; a submarine pipeline connects the SBM and the

pier.

5.24 Aspect.—A large power station, with three conspicuous

chimneys, one 118m high and the other two 94m high, stands

on reclaimed land 0.7 mile N of Tanjong Kamuning. A conspicuous chimney, 94m high, with a flare, about 0.1 mile ENE

and another flare 1 mile further E, stands 1.25 miles NE of

Tanjong Kamuning.

5.24 Pilotage.—Compulsory for vessels berthing/unberthing at

Railway Jetty and for berthing/unberthing at the SBM. Private

services are operated by Shell and Esso for vessels making use

of their respective facilities. 

5.24 The mooring master boards 1 mile N of Fairway Lighted

Buoy; vessels less than 30,000 dwt may be boarded at No. 1

Buoy.

5.24 The vessel’s ETA should be sent, via Penang or Singapore

Radio, 96 hours and 24 hours in advance. Vessels should keep

a listening watch on Shell Port Dixon Radio on VHF channel

16 beginning 2 hours before arrival.

5.24 Anchorage.—Temporary anchorage for large vessels may

be obtained 1 mile N of Fairway Lighted Buoy, in a depth of

24m, or 1.25 miles WNW of No. 1 Lighted Buoy.

5.24 Small vessels may anchor NE of Palau Arang, in depths of 7

to 9m, but holding ground is poor. A prohibited anchorage area

is shown on the chart extending 1 mile W from Tanjung Kamuning and S around Palau Arang to the Railway Jetty. 

5.25 Tanjong Tuan (Cape Rachado) (2°25'N., 101°51'E.),

about 8 miles SSE of Port Dickson, is a steep bluffy headland

covered with trees. It is easily distinguished because it is the

highest hill in the vicinity. 

5.25 From a distance the cape appears as an island. It has been reported that the cape is a good radar target at distances up to 27

miles. There are considerable depths about 1 mile off the cape.

5.25 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 20m, E of the light but

care should be taken to avoid the charted 7.6m patch on Pedoman Shoal, 1.25 miles E of the light.

5.25 From Tanjong Tuan, the low wooded coast of Sumatera,

about 20 miles distant, can be seen. 

5.25 The Strait of Malacca is narrower here than at any other part

NW of Melaka (2°12'N., 102°15'E.).

5.25 The bottom area between 1 and 12 miles SW of Tanjong Tuan and extending 10 miles in either direction along the axis of

the fairway consists almost entirely of sand waves, some more

than 9.1m from trough to crest, which gives rise to very irregular depths, many of which are a danger to vessels drawing more

than 13.5m. The positions of these shoals can best be seen on

the chart. 

5.25 The main depths consist of a depth of 15.8m about 6 miles

W of Tanjong Tuan; a line of shoals lying roughly along the axis of the fairway, with depths of between 14 and 18m from a

position about 8 miles S of Tanjong Tuan; a 14m patch 10.5

miles SSW of Tanjong Tuan; and a ridge with depths of between 14.3 and 17.1m between 6 and 7.75 miles SSE of Tanjong Tuan. A rock, with a least depth of 8.5m, lies 7.5 miles SE

of Tanjong Tuan.

5.25 Off Tanjong Tuan, the tidal currents set SE and NW at a rate

of from 2 to 2.5 knots; the SE current begins from 3 to 4 hours

after HW at Penang and runs for 6 hours.

5.25 The coast between Tanjong Tuan and the entrance of the

Sungai Linggi, about 7 miles ESE, is indented by a shallow

bay. The Sungai Linggi is navigable at HW by craft drawing
Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 53

Pub. 174

1.8m as far as Pengkalan Kempas (2°26'N., 102°01'E.).

5.25 A rock located between the entrance points of the river covers when there is a depth of 3m on the bar; this danger is

marked by a beacon.

5.25 Batu Mandi, a rock, awash, marked by a beacon, lies about 2

miles SW of the S entrance point of the Sungai Linggi.

5.25 Good anchorage can be taken off the river entrance, in a

depth of 16.5m, mud, with Tanjong Tuan Light bearing 292°

and the beacon in the entrance of the river bearing 075°.

5.25 Between the S entrance point of the Sungai Linggi and Tanjong Keling, about 15 miles SE, the coast consists of irregular

rocky points interspersed with small sandy beaches. 

5.25 Batu Tengah, marked by a light, consists of three rocks just

above-water, lying about 2 miles SE of Batu Mandi and about 1

mile offshore. A shoal, with a depth of 14.3m lies about 6

miles SSW of Batu Mandi.

5.25 Pulau Batu Besar, 4.6m high, stands 1.25 miles offshore, 7

miles SE of Batu Tengah. A sandy ridge, with depths of 6.1 to

9.7m, lies from 0.5 to 2 miles NW of the rock. 

5.25 A shoal with a depth of 16.3m, lies 3.5 miles WSW of Pulau

Batu Besar. 

5.25 Two white towers, each about 34m high, stand about 2 miles

ENE of Pulau Batu Besar. 

5.25 There is no safe passage for vessels without local knowledge

between Pulau Batu Besar and the mainland as the area is

fouled by rocks, some above-water. 

5.25 The sea is discolored by rips, which do not necessarily coincide with the shoals.

5.25 A rocky shoal, with a depth of 3.4m, lies almost 1 mile E of

Pulau Batu Besar. 

5.26 Tanjong Panchor (2°16'N., 102°06'E.) stands on the

coast about 2 miles E of Pulau Batu Besar. Foul ground extends

in a general SW direction from Tanjong Panchor for a distance

of about 2 miles. The outermost danger, which has a depth of

3.4m, lies 1.25 miles SW of the point. The passages between

these dangers should only be attempted by small craft with local knowledge. 

5.26 The coast between Tanjong Panchor and Tanjong Keling,

about 5 miles SSE, is fringed by a bank of sand with depths of

less than 5.5m which extends about 1 mile offshore. A rock

which dries 0.9m lies near the outer edge of the bank almost

0.75 offshore and 1.5 miles SE of Tanjong Panchor.

5.26 Sungai Udang Port (2°15'N., 102°07'E.), a T-shaped jetty,

is situated about 3 miles NW of Tanjung Keling. There are seven berths, with alongside depths of 7.2 to 20m, on the seaward

side of the jetty; a buoyed channel, dredged to 20m, leads to

the four center berths. 

5.26 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots board at Fairway

Lighted Buoy or at the anchorage and should be requested, via

the agent, 48 hours in advance. The vessel’s ETA should be

confirmed 72 hours, 48 hours, 24 hours, and 12 hours before

arrival.

5.26 Sungai Udang Port is no longer providing the Malacca

Straits Pilotage Services to VLCCs calling at the port. VLCCs

calling at Sungai Udang Port are to proceed directly to the pilot

boarding ground located at position 2°12.3'N, 102°04.5'E.

5.26 Regulations.—The maximum drafts allowed at each berth

are, as follows: 

1. Ocean Berth 1—14.9m.

2. Ocean Berth 2—14.9m.

3. LPG berth—6.0m.

4. Bulk Cargo Jetty—5.5m.

5. Coast Berth 1—7.3m.

6. Coast Berth 2—8.1m.

7. Coast Berth 3—8.1m.

8. Coast Berth 4—6.3m.

5.26 Anchorage.—A General Purpose Anchorage has been established 5 miles NW of Tanjung Keling. The depth was reported (2001) to be 19.1m. Other designated anchorage areas

include the Ocean Anchorage, Coastal Anchorage, and the

eight LPG Anchorages.

5.27 Tanjung Keling (2°13'N., 102°09'E.), the NW limit

of Melaka Road, is a low projecting point located near the site

of the Melaka power station, a brick building flanked by palm

trees which stands almost 1 mile NW of the point. Two tall

black chimneys stand close NE of the power station. The chimneys can always be located by the smoke which constantly rises from them.

5.27 A detached rock, with a depth of 0.6m, lies 0.5 mile offshore

almost 1 mile NW of the power station. A rocky 3.7m patch

lies about 1 mile W of the station. A rock, which dries 0.9m,

lies close S of the head of the boat landing pier.

5.27 Keling Shoals, several patches of sunken rocks with depths

of 11m and considerably less over them, extend almost 1 mile

S from Tanjong Keling. The shallowest rock has a depth of

1.2m and lies 0.3 mile SSW of the point.

5.27 The tanker berth consists of head and stern mooring buoys

and can accommodate vessels of up to 10,000 dwt and 137m in

length. Vessels approaching this berth should stem the tide,

which may attain a rate of 4 knots at springs, and secure to the

seaward mooring buoys ahead and astern, then maneuver into

position using the remaining buoys; the flexible ends of the

pipelines are marked by small buoys. A mooring boat is available to assist in berthing.

5.27 A depth of 13.1m exists in this berth but vessels are limited

to a draft of 11m because of a detached 11.6m shoal patch.

5.27 Anchorage off Tanjong Keling, clear of Keling Shoals, is exposed but the holding ground of mud is good. The bottom is irregular and the water is discolored with numerous tide rips. 

Melaka Road and Approaches

5.28 The town of Melaka stands on both banks of the

Melaka River which discharges about 6 miles E of Tanjong

Keling, the two parts being connected by several bridges. St.

Paul’s Hill, which is conspicuous, stands on the left bank of the

river and is marked by the ruins of an ancient church and a disused lighthouse. A slender pointed roof stands near the coast

about 0.5 mile NW of St. Paul’s Hill disused lighthouse. 

5.28 It is conspicuous from the offing being the only structure

which rises above the buildings in the town. A white cylindrical

minaret with a pointed dome stands in a gap between the trees on

the coast about 1.2 miles NW of the lighthouse.

5.28 Aspect.—Two tall buildings about 34.7m high stand about 1

mile ESE of St. Paul’s Hill.

5.28 A conspicuous radio mast stands about 137m NNE of St.

Paul’s Hill disused lighthouse. St. John’s Hill, with the ruins of

an old battery on it, stands 1 mile E of St. Paul’s Hill. 
54 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

5.28 Bukti China, an almost bare conspicuous hill, stands almost

0.75 mile NE of St. Paul’s Hill. Bukti Bruang, an isolated hill

156m high, and Bukti Sebukor, about 64m high to the tops of

the trees, stand about 3.7 and 2.5 miles, respectively, NNE of

St. Paul’s Hill. The country a few miles inland consists of undulating hills. 

5.28 Gunong Ledang, which has a triple peak 1,275m high, stands

about 24 miles NE of St. Paul’s Hill. The coast near the town is

low and wooded.

5.28 A stranded wreck is reported to lie about 0.1 mile off the

breakwaters.

5.29 Pulau Upeh (2°12'N., 102°12'E.), a conspicuous,

densely-wooded islet, about 34m high to the tops of the trees,

stands offshore about 3 miles W of St. Paul’s Hill.

5.29 A ridge, over which there are depths of less than 5.5m, extends about 1 mile from the E and W sides of the island parallel

with the coast.

5.29 A shoal, with a depth of 6.4m, lies almost 0.5 mile SW of

Pulau Upeh. Little Shoal, with a depth of 3.3m, lies about 0.5

mile SSE of Pulau Upeh; about 0.2 mile SSE is a 5.2m patch.

An 8.2m patch is reported to lie about 2 miles SSE of the same

islet. 

5.29 Between Pulau Upeh and the mainland a bank runs parallel

with the coast. Owens Rocks, which dry 1.5m, lie near its NW

end and about 0.3 mile N of Pulau Upeh. 

5.29 Two patches which dry from about 0.3m to 0.6m lie near its

SE end.

5.29 Pulau Panjang, a narrow, rocky flat almost covered at HW,

lies 2 miles SSE of St. Paul’s Hill, and is steep-to on its S side. 

5.29 A stone beacon stands on its E end and a lighted beacon on

its W end.

5.29 Foulerton Shoal, with a depth of 10.4m, lies about 0.7 mile

SSE of the lighted beacon on Pulau Panjang. A small sandy

shoal, with a depth of 4.6m, lies about 0.2 mile NNW of the

beacon on the E end.

5.29 Pulau Jawa, consisting of two wooded islets nearly joined together, lies 0.75 mile S of St. Paul’s Hill; the W islet is 18.3m

high to the tops of the trees, and the E islet 6.1m high to the

tops of the trees.

5.30 Batu Gelama (2°10.4'N., 102°14.9'E.), a rock which

covers at HW, is marked by a lighted beacon. 

5.30 A narrow ridge with depths of less than 5.5m extends about 1

mile WNW and 0.3 mile ESE of the beacon. 

5.30 Two 4.9m patches lie between the NW end of this ridge and

the ridge extending SE from Pulau Upeh.

5.30 Anchorage.—There is no designated area for vessels to anchor. Vessels should anchor as convenient from 1 to 2 miles

offshore. A moderate sized vessel found the best berth about 2

miles offshore, in a depth of about 11m, with the disused light

house on St. Paul’s Hill bearing 038° and Pulau Panjang Lighted Beacon bearing 122°, the holding ground is reported good.

Small vessels usually anchor closer inshore.

5.30 Attention is drawn to a foul area 0.5 mile SW of the breakwater heads.

5.30 Anchorage is prohibited in the charted area extending nearly

one mile SW of Tanjong Keling.

5.30 The charted quarantine anchorage is centered about one mile

SE of Tanjong Keling.

5.30 The charted explosives anchorage lies SE of the quarantine

anchorage, its NE corner being the S extremity of Pulau Upeh.

5.30 Reclamation within an area extending up to 0.5 mile from

the shore and 1.75 miles WNW from the river mouth was reported in progress.

5.30 Directions.—A vessel approaching Melaka Road from the

W should pass not less than 2 miles S of Tanjong Keling and 1

mile S of Pulau Upeh to clear the off-lying dangers, and course

should not be altered until St. Paul’s Hill bears less than 055°.

5.30 Approaching from the E, after passing Pulau Undan and Pulau Hanyut, the course should be altered to clear Foulerton

Shoal and then altered for the anchorage. Small vessels frequently pass N of Pulau Besar and Pulau Panjang, but this

route should not be used without local knowledge.

5.30 A depth of 19m was reported about 0.5 mile SW of Pulau

Undan. There are numerous fishing stakes off the coast.

5.30 A vessel approaching from the SE at night should make Pulau Undan Light and after passing SW of it, and of Pulau

Hanyut, should steer with the light bearing 135° astern, until

the light on St. Paul’s Hill conspicuous radio mast bears 038°,

when it should be steered for on that bearing which will lead to

the anchorage. Alternatively, the breakwater head lights may

be used as leading lights. 

5.30 Pulau Undan Light will also be sighted when approaching

the road from the NW,and may be steered for from abreast Tanjong Keling. 

5.31 Melaka (2°12'N., 102°15'E.) (World Port Index No.

49970) is the seat of government of the State of Melaka. The

principal buildings stand around the base of St. Paul’s Hill. 

5.31 Melaka is a lighterage port where there is activity employing

a total of 44 wooden lighters for the loading and discharging of

ocean-going vessels. The harbormaster offices are situated in a

building along the quay. 

5.31 Tides—Currents.—The spring range of the tide is 1.8m; the

mean tidal range is 1.3m.

5.31 Depths—Limitations.—The Tanjung Bruas jetty will accommodate vessels of up to 125m in length on the seaward

side and vessels of 65m in length on the inner side. The depth

alongside is 9m at LW.

Copyright Mark Moxon

Melaka—Lighter Quays
Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 55

Pub. 174

5.31 An oil mooring, consisting of two head and two stern buoys,

provides discharge to a local power station via a submarine

pipeline.

5.31 Quays that line both sides of the Melaka River just within the

entrance are principally used by lighters loading or discharging

cargo for vessels in Melaka Roads. The landing place is the

Government Jetty, a concrete public quay, on the E side of the

river. The channel leading into the port area between two

breakwaters has a least depth of 0.6m. Small vessels drawing

up to 1.5m can enter the river at MHWN.

5.31 An area bordering the shore NW of the NW breakwater is

being reclaimed.

5.31 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all vessels. At least 4

hours notice should be given to the Melaka Port Authority. 

5.31 Vessels coming from W are boarded 2.75 miles WSW of

Tanjong Keling. Those from E are boarded 5 miles SSE of the

same point. A private pilot is used at the offshore oil mooring.

5.31 The tidal current sets SE at a rate of 2.5 knots from 3 hours before to 3 hours after HW at One Fathom Bank; for the remaining

12 hours it sets to the NW at a rate of about 1.7 knots.

5.31 Anchorage.—In this open roadstead there is good anchorage, in from 5.5 to 14.6m, about 1 to 2 miles offshore.

5.32 Between Melaka and Tanjong Seginting, about 46

miles SE, the low, thickly wooded coast is bordered by a mud

bank which extends up to 2.5 miles offshore in places.

5.32 The Water Islands (2°05'N., 102°19'E.), centered about 8

miles SE of Melaka, consists of a group of six tree-covered islands of moderate height. Pulau Besar, the largest island, is

40m high and is separated from the coast to the N by a foul,

rocky channel. The channel between Pulau Besar and Pulau

Dodol, the next island to the S, is fouled by a rock with a depth

of 0.9m, which lies 0.3 mile N of the latter island. The other

channels between the islands are deep, but they should be

avoided.

The Sungai Muar (2°03'N., 102°33'E.), a shallow river

available only to small craft, discharges into the strait about 14

miles ESE of Pulau Besar. The river is tortuous but small craft

with drafts of 1.8m can ascend to Kepong Hill about 60 miles

above the entrance. A radio mast stands on the E bank of the

river close within the entrance.

5.33 Muar (Bandar Maharani) (2°03'N., 102°34'E.)

(World Port Index No. 49980), the headquarters of the state

commissioner, is the second port in importance in Johore Province and has a considerable trade. Ocean-going vessels work

cargo at the anchorage. Small vessels and barges can be accommodated at the river wharves abreast the town. Depths

alongside these wharves are about 2m. The entrance bar has a

least depth of 1.2m.

5.33 Anchorage can be taken by small vessels, in a depth of 4m,

off the mouth of the Sungai Muar. Larger vessels can anchor

about 4 miles WSW of the lighthouse at the entrance, in a

depth of 7m, thick mud, good holding ground.

5.33 Bukit Mor (1°59'N., 102°41'E.), an isolated densely-wooded hill, 235m high, stands about 8 miles SE of the town of

Muar.

5.33 Tanjong Tohor (1°52'N., 102°41'E.), a low point covered

with jungle growth, is located about 13 miles SE of Muar.

5.33 A 17.5m shoal lies near the main fairway about 11 miles W

of Tanjong Tohor.

5.34 Formosa Bank (1°46'N., 102°48'E.) and its NW extension fronts the coast from Tanjong Tohor to Tanjong Seginting; off the latter point it merges into the 11m bank fronting the

coast. The bank has a least depth of 3.3m and is steep-to on its

NW and SW sides. 

5.34 Baker Patch, with a depth of 8.8m, lies on the NW extension

of Formosa Bank. Between these banks and the coastal bank

there is a deep clear channel. 

5.34 The bank which lies between the SE end of Formosa Bank

and the coastal bank is marked by numerous fishing stakes and

vessels are advised to navigate in this vicinity during daylight

only. 

5.34 The Sungai Batu Pahat (1°49'N., 102°53'E.) is fronted by a

shallow flat which, extends up to 3 miles offshore. A depth of

0.3m exists on this flat near the river entrance at LW. Within the

entrance there are depths of 2.5 to 5m as far as the town of Batu

Pahat (Bandar Penggaram), about 4 miles upstream. 

5.34 The river is navigable by light-draft vessels for many miles but

should only be entered by vessels that have local knowledge.

5.34 Pilotage is not compulsory. A local qualified pilot is not

available, but an experienced guide can be obtained from the

District Marine Office, Batu Pahat. 

5.35 Bukit Banang (1°49'N., 102°57'E.), 470m high, is

the summit of a range of rolling hills which terminates at Tanjong Seginting. Four radio masts stand on its summit. Several

bright white lights, visible for a considerable distance, are

sometimes shown near the radio masts. 

5.35 A light is reported to be shown from Tanjung Seginting and

Pulau Sialu.

5.35 Anchorage can be taken, in a depth of 7.3m, good holding

ground, clear of the fishing stakes, about 2 miles SW of Pulau

Sialu Light. 

5.35 The coast between Tanjong Seginting and Tanjong Piai,

about 50 miles SE, is low and thickly wooded; abreast Pulau

Pisang the coast recedes about 5 miles. The coastal bank, as defined by the 10m curve, extends about 6 miles offshore in this

bight and up to within 1 mile of Pulau Pisang. 

5.35 Within a line joining Tanjong Seginting and Pulau Pisang the

bottom is very uneven, being marked by isolated depths of 5.5

to 14.6m.

5.36 Pulau Pisang (1°28'N., 103°16'E.), tree covered and

134m high, stands about 19 miles NW of Tanjong Piai and can

be seen for a considerable distance. The island has been reported to be a good radar target at distances up to 30 miles. 

5.36 A bank, with depths of less than 10m, and a least depth of

4.8m about 4 miles within its outer end, extends about 7 miles

NW from Pulau Pisang. A narrow steep-to spit, with a depth of

3m over its extremity, extends about 6 miles SE from Pulau

Pisang. A channel about 0.7 mile wide with a least depth of

11m, lies between this spit and the coastal bank. This channel

should not be used without local knowledge. 

5.36 The Sungai Benut, entered about 8 miles N of Pulau Pisang,

is the largest river along this part of the coast. Only small vessels with local knowledge can be accommodated.

5.36 The Sungai Pontian Besar and the Sungai Pointian Kechil

are entered 8 miles and 9.75 miles SE, respectively, of the
56 Sector 5. The Strait of Malacca—Tanjung Sinaboi and Tanjung Ru to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

lighthouse at the entrance of the Sungai Benut. Both rivers are

shallow and are available only to small craft. 

5.36 A radio mast stands at the entrance of the Sungai Pontian

Kechil. 

5.36 Fair Channel Bank and Long Bank, which lie in the strait adjacent to this section of coast, have been previously described

in paragraph 5.3. 

5.36 A traffic separation scheme is entered 5 miles SW of Pulau

Pisang. This scheme continues SE into Singapore Strait; and

then E through Singapore Strait where S of Johor, there is a

precautionary area, before continuing NE into the South China

Sea through the traffic separation scheme in the Horsburgh

Light area. 

5.37 Pulau Kukup (1°19'N., 103°25'E.), a low flat wooded island, lies within the coastal bank about 5.5 miles NW of

Tanjong Piai. The trees on the NW side of the island are of a

bright green color and those on the SE end are tall like those on

the adjacent coast. 

5.37 Caution.—In passing Pulau Kukup, caution must be exercised because the E current sets strongly toward the shore and

the W current toward Long Bank on the opposite side of the

fairway.
57

Pub. 174

6. 

West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan

6.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 6 — CHART INFORMATION
59

Pub. 174

SECTOR 6 

WEST COAST OF SUMATERA—UJUNG RAYA TO UDJUNG TUAN

6.0 Plan.—This sector describes the W coast of Sumatera from

Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan, including the off-lying islands.

The arrangement is S from Ujung Raya and then W to E from

the off-lying islands. 

General Remarks

6.1 On the W coast of Sumatera there is a high, rocky

coast, or if there is a strip of sand by the sea, the land rises rapidly behind it to the neighboring hills. Numerous small streams

discharge their waters on the W coast, but most of them are

barred and only navigable by small craft. Nearly the whole

coast is inaccessible due to heavy surf.

6.1 The routes along the W coast of Sumatera may be considered as three in number, but the outer route may be said to be

free from danger. The coast is reported to be only partially surveyed. Vessels should keep to the sea until abreast the desired

port before hauling in.

6.1 The route to the W of all the islands, in the open sea, is the

best of the three, especially for vessels not intending to touch at

any of the W coast ports.

6.1 The middle route is the space between the chain of large islands in the offing and those small islands adjacent to and interspersed along the coast. It ranges from 10 to 30 miles

distance from the coast of Sumatera.

6.1 The inner route is that close along the coast and between

some of the islands and dangers off it. Like the middle route, it

should seldom be chosen; but as there are in many places moderate depths for anchoring, it is preferable in that respect to the

middle route. 

6.1 Vessels visiting many of the ports are obliged to use it, but

considerable risk is run when taking this route at night; those

using it are generally obliged to anchor at sunset.

6.1 Winds—Weather.—The influence of the Southwest Monsoon and the Northeast Monsoon are felt on the W coast of

Sumatera as far S as 2°N, S of the Indian Ocean monsoons, but

from Ujung Raya (5°32'N., 95°11'E.) to 4°N the winds are

quite different from those between 4°N and 2°N.

6.1 Between Ujung Raya and 4°N, the Southwest Monsoon prevails from May to October, and the Northeast Monsoon, from

December to March. During the height of the Southwest Monsoon, the sea breeze prevails at times during the night. Generally speaking the land winds are clearly perceptible by the

deflection of the wind to SE or N during the night. Squalls are

frequent during the monsoon, and there is often a considerable

sea along this coast. It is somewhat hazy at times.

6.1 The Northeast Monsoon period is from December to March,

and it is less strongly marked. When the monsoon has fairly set

in, there is usually a gentle S breeze in the morning, followed

by a calm, and in the afternoon a light breeze. After sunset

comes, the land wind prevails all night. Between 4°N and 2°N

is the region of calms and light variable winds.

6.1 The influence of the monsoons only appears in a W tendency

of the day wind from March to November, and an E tendency

from November to March; at night, except in January and February, there is always a N tendency in the wind.

6.1 In April, SW and NW winds are most prevalent, both night

and day. From May the NW winds become more prominent. 

6.1 During the following months they increase and reach their

maximum in October; at times these winds cause a considerable sea. August is marked by a frequency of NE winds. At

night, the winds from May to November are from NW to NE.

From November to January, the wind is variable in the daytime; at night it is generally from NE to E.

6.1 Tides—Currents.—The tides on the W coast of Sumatera

are chiefly semi-diurnal in character and of small range, rarely

exceeding 1.2m.

6.1 The current off the W coast of Sumatera sets mainly NW at a

maximum rate of 2 knots near the 200m curve. It seldom sets

SE, but may sometimes set onshore. Beyond 8 miles from the

coast, the surface current caused by the wind attains a maximum rate of 1.25 knot with NW winds and 1 knot with SE

winds.

6.1 North of the Equator, the current outside the islands may

sometimes be the reverse to that flowing between the islands

and the coast.

6.1 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for all the ports of the Republic of Indonesia at which pilots are available. 

6.1 Experience has shown that little confidence should be placed

in the natives who offer themselves as pilots on the W coast of

Sumatera for ports seldom visited. Signals for a pilot are in accordance with the International Code of Signals.

6.1 Regulations.—An extensive prohibited area, in which fishing and other activities not associated with the innocent passage of foreign vessels, has been established off the coastline

of northwestern Sumatera and is bounded by lines joining the

following positions: 

a. 2°05.6'N, 96°38.0'E. (Pulau Babi)

b. 1°55.0'N, 96°29.0'E.

c. 2°51.0'N, 95°13.9'E.

d. 2°57.0'N, 95°11.0'E.

e. 4°48.0'N, 95°10.0'E.

f. 5°43.2'N, 94°46.5'E.

g. 5°51.0'N, 94°46.7'E.

h. 6°13.5'N, 94°59.5'E.

i. 6°16.0'N, 95°10.1'E.

j. 5°40.4'N, 96°00.5'E.

k. 5°29.0'N, 96°49.4'E.

l. 5°29.2'N, 97°33.5'E.

m. 5°01.0'N, 98°03.4'E.

n. 4°33.8'N, 98°25.9'E. (Ujung Tamiang) 

6.1 This prohibited area does not apply to foreign vessels supporting offshore terminals. Mariners should consult with local

authorities for further information.

6.1 Caution.—The coastline is deeply indented, forming numerous bays, none of which, however, N of Sibolga (1°44'N.,

98°46'E.), afford complete shelter during the Southwest Monsoon. There are many visible and sunken dangers off the coast,
60 Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 

Pub. 174

but N of Ujung Raja (3°44'N., 96°31'E.), they do not extend to

any great distance. South of that point they extend from 20 to

30 miles. 

6.1 Many dangers no doubt exist that are not charted; caution is

necessary at all times. Many of them are steep-to coral reefs, so

that soundings will give no warning; a good lookout aloft

should be kept during daylight, and vessels should proceed

only at a moderate speed when navigating in the vicinity of

dangers. Soundings, however, should not be neglected.

6.1 As a result of cataclysmic damage created by the tsunami of

26 December 2004, ports in this sector may be closed; depths,

sea bed topography, and buoyage may not be as charted. Mariners are urged to contact local authorities for the latest information. 

Ujung Raya to Teluk Rigaih

6.2 Ujung Raya (Ujung Raja) (5°32'N., 95°11'E.) is a

lofty promontory rising precipitously from the sea and easily

recognized from all directions; there are depths of 21.9m at a

short distance from it.

6.2 A number of sunken dangers lie near the coast rendering it

advisable to give it a berth of 5 or 6 miles, especially at night. 

6.2 Most of the dangers are steep-to, as is the coast in most places, but they are generally seen by the surf breaking over them.

There are numerous prominent headlands and mountains by

means of which the position of a vessel is easily verified.

6.2 An indifferent bottom almost everywhere, and the heavy

ocean swell and poor shelter from W winds, render most places

on this portion of the W coast as undesirable anchorages.

6.2 The coast between Ujung Raya to Teluk Rigaih, about 57

miles SSE, is very irregular and has many prominent headlands, with bays between, none of which afford secure anchorage during the Southwest Monsoon.

Teluk Kruengraba (Kroeeng Raba Bay) (5°28'N.,

95°04'E.), lying 2.5 miles S of Ujung Raya, is about 4 miles

wide; the mountains on either side make it appear as a valley

when being a considerable distance off, and it has been mistaken for Aroih Cut (5°32'N., 95°09'E.).

6.2 There is a cement-handling pier in the bay. The pier is 125m

long. with a depth of 10m alongside; vessels with a maximum

length of 150m and a maximum draft of 9.1m can be accommodated. Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards 1.75 miles

WNW of the breakwater light. Vessels can obtain anchorage, in

22m, about 2 miles NW of the light.

6.2 Ujung Ritieng (5°26'N., 95°14'E.) is the S entrance point of

Teluk Kruengraba. The point is a precipitous headland with a

rock above-water close off it and depths of 18.3m just beyond.

Aert van Nes (Karang Rada) (5°27'N., 95°09'E.), a coral

patch with a least depth of 11.9m, lies about 5 miles WNW of

Ujung Ritieng. Coehoorn Reef, 5.5 miles S of Aert van Nes,

has a least depth of 11.9m. 

6.2 Detached banks, with depths of from 12.8 to 16.5m, lie E

and SE of Coehoorn Reef. Sindoro, a coral patch about 2 miles

in length, N and S, with depths of 11.9 to 18.3m, is steep-to,

with 54.9m close-to on its W side, and 20.1 to 27.4m on the N

and E sides.

6.2 These reefs are not marked by discoloration but can be identified at times by a heavy swell over them.

6.3 Pulau Rusa (5°17'N., 95°12'E.), 95m high and

marked by a light, is a densely wooded island with a rugged

coastline. In heavy sea, the water for a considerable distance W

of the island becomes a light green color and gives the impression of there being a reef in the vicinity.

Ujung Poedeng (Ujung Lambaroh) (5°12'N., 95°16'E.) lies

about 6 miles SSE of Rusa, and is a low coastal point with a

reef extending about 0.4 mile SE and 0.25 mile W. There is a

shoal with depths of 3.2m located about 0.6 mile S of Poedeng.

The sea usually breaks over this shoal.

6.3 Kluang Bay, entered between Ujung Sidagung (5°08'N.,

95°18'E.), located 4 miles SSE of Ujung Lambaroh, and Oedjoeng Tangkoera (5°07'N., 95°17'E.), about 2 miles farther

SW, is exposed to NW winds and does not afford a good anchorage. During the Southwest Monsoon, there is a confused

sea in the bay.

6.3 Ujung Sidagung is a steep-to and rocky point close N of

Ujung Seudheuen; the latter point is the termination of a high

and very noticeable promontory, joined to the mainland by an

isthmus covered with coconut palms.

6.3 From Ujung Seudheuen to Raja Bay, about 14 miles SSE, the

coast is indented by several small bays available for small craft

with local knowledge.

Raja Bay (Teluk Raya) (4°54'N., 95°22'E.), entered between

Ujung No and the N side of Pulau Raja, about 3 miles S, is one

of the best anchorages on this coast; although it is open to the

W, it has good holding ground, with depths of about 14.6m.

The head of the bay is fringed by a coral reef which extends a

short distance, with above-water rocks on it in places. 

6.4 Lhokkruet (Lho Kroeet) (4°52'N., 95°24'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50590) is the southernmost of the two villages

on the shore of the bay. It is one of the most important pepper

ports of the W coast of Sumatera.

6.4 Pulau Raja (4°52'N., 95°22'E.) is densely wooded and

about 53m high. A yellowish sandstone rock, about 0.9m high,

lies on a reef which extends about 0.2 mile NW from the W extremity of the island.

6.4 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained anywhere in Raja

Bay. With NW winds the best anchorage is about 0.5 mile S of

the NE part of Pulau Raja, in a depth of about 14.6m, under the

lee of the island.

6.4 The coast extending SE of Raja Bay is skirted by reefs and

above-water rocks within 1 mile of the coast, which are usually

marked by swells.

6.4 Ujung Gla (4°49'N., 95°24'E.), about 4 miles S of Lho

Kroeet, is a sparsely wooded rocky point with precipitous sides

and an above-water rock close off its N side. The shore of the

bay lying between Lho Kroeet and Ujung Gla consists of low,

red-colored hills covered by coconut palms.

6.4 Pulau Keueh (4°46'N., 95°27'E.), an island 69m high, lies

about 4 miles SE of Ujung Gla and 0.5 mile offshore. Its W

side is steep-to, and may be approached closely, but the E and

S sides have a coral reef 91m wide, with 11m close-to.

6.4 The Pejaba Islands (4°43'N., 95°28'E.), about 4 miles SSE

of Pulau Keueh, consists of two wooded islands, with a low,

rocky, barren islet, nearly always covered by surf, lying about

0.1 mile SW of the outer island. A rock, nearly awash, lies 0.3

mile S of the inner island.
Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 61

Pub. 174

6.5 Ujung Gloempang (4°43'N., 95°30'E.) is a precipitous tongue of land crowned by a green hill with a few scattered trees on it. A reef extends E from the point for about 0.1

mile and to a distance of 137m offshore. Foul ground extends

about 0.3 mile S from Ujung Gloempang.

6.5 The Tjikem Islands (4°41'N., 95°31'E.), two in number, are

located about 1.2 miles S of Ujung Gloempang. The W island

is steep-to on its seaward side. Both islands are densely wooded and joined by a reef

6.5 Ujung Baro (4°39'N., 95°32'E.), the SW extremity of the

peninsula within which is Teluk Rigaih, is a rocky headland

rising steeply from the sea, covered with vegetation, and higher

than the land within it. It is the N entrance point for Teluk

Rigaih.

6.5 Gillis Reef, with a least depth of 3.4m, is about 46m in diameter and occasionally breaks; it lies 1.5 miles NW of Ujung Baro.

6.5 Pulau Rangas (4°38'N., 95°31'E.), lying about 2 miles SW

of Ujung Baro, is a small rocky island 66m high, and covered

with trees, which are visible for a considerable distance. Two

rocks above-water lie off its SE side, and a sunken rock, which

always breaks, lies 91m off its NW side, all of which are steepto. A rock, 0.9m high, lies ESE, 0.4 mile from Pulau Rangas.

6.5 Anchorage.—There is fine weather anchorage all around the

island, in a depth of about 21.9m; small vessels may find shelter during NW winds in the same depth, with the NE extremity

of the island bearing 278°, distant about 183m.

Teluk Rigaih to Meulaboh

6.6 Teluk Rigaih (4°38'N., 95°35'E.) is nearly 2 miles

wide and about the same in length; the coast is for the most

part composed of rocky cliffs, excepting the swampy portion

on its NE side. The four islands which encumber it divide the

bay into the N and S harbors. 

6.6 There is always a heavy swell in Teluk Rigaih. South Harbor,

the larger of the two, is used by all but small craft, being about

0.5 mile in extent, with depths of 9.1 to 11m, over sand and

mud, and easy of access. It is open to the Southwest Monsoon,

rendering it advisable to moor.

6.6 North Harbor has depths of 5.5 to 7.3m over a breadth of

about 0.1 mile and is used by small trading craft; it affords fair

shelter at all seasons and, being abreast the town, is much more

convenient than the South Harbor.

6.6 Pulau Reusam (4°39'N., 95°33'E.), the largest and highest

of the four islands in the bay, is surrounded by a reef. Two

shoals, with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m, lie about 0.1 mile W of Pulau Reusam. A patch, with a depth of 5.9m, lies about 0.1 mile

E of Pulau Reusam.

6.6 Anchorage.—Vessels making any stay at Teluk Rigaih are

recommended to moor W or S of Pulau Reusam, where there

are depths of about 15m, sand and mud. 

6.6 There is an anchorage area for vessels in South Harbor, in a

depth of about 9m.

6.7 Sikawit (5°00'N., 95°42'E.), a very noticeable twin

peak summit 1,872 and 1,655m high, lies about 22 miles NNE

of Teluk Rigaih.

6.7 Between Teluk Rigaih and Meulaboh, about 47 miles SE, the

coast is low with flat land stretching a great distance inland.

There are no off-lying dangers on this part of the coast. 

6.7 The depths are regular, but it is recommended not to get inside the 20m curve at night, as within this depth soundings give

little warning of being close inshore. This part of the coast is

very uniform and without any remarkable features in the foreground.

6.7 The coast between Ujung Toeba (Ujung Tuba) (4°12'N.,

96°01'E.), a low promontory, and Ujung Kareueng (4°07'N.,

96°08'E.), about 8 miles SE, is swampy. 

6.7 Ujung Kareueng, the W extremity of Meulaboh Bay, is a low

point sparsely covered with coconut trees with buildings of a

settlement on it; a light is shown from Ujung Kareueng. Ujung

Geudong, fringed by a reef, is located about 1 mile NNE of

Ujung Kareueng.

6.7 Meulaboh Bay affords less protection, there being no reefs

seaward. The shore of the bay is fronted by a reef which extends 91m off Kuala Tjangkul (4°08'N., 96°08'E.).

6.8 Meulaboh (4°08'N., 96°08'E.) (World Port Index No.

50570), situated on the W side of the bay, is the shipping port

for copra, pepper, and forest products. 

6.8 Landing places for boats are available, but is often impossible because of heavy surf.

6.8 Tides—Currents.—The tides are inconsiderable, but occasionally rise as much as 0.3m.

6.8 Depths—Limitations.—A ferry berth, consisting of a Tshaped jetty, lies close S of the town. A quay, 52m in length,

with a depth alongside of 1.5m, lies at the head of the bay.

6.8 Aspect.—About 2 miles N of Ujung Kareueng a white conical monument stands near the coast.

6.8 The mooring buoys of an oil depot lie about 1 mile ENE of

Ujung Geudong. A submerged oil pipeline extends 0.5 mile

NNW from the mooring buoys to the shore.

6.8 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of

about 7.9m, sand and mud, with the flagstaff close NW of

Ujung Geudong bearing 268° and the light structure on Ujung

Kareueng bearing 229°. It is exposed to winds between SW

and SE, and the holding ground is bad; vessels should be ready

to leave at short notice.

6.8 Directions.—A vessel approaching from W can round the

reefs off Ujung Kareueng by eye, as they are marked by breakers. When Ujung Geudong is open to Ujung Kareueng, a vessel

may steer for the anchorage, rounding the latter point at a distance of about 1 mile. Approaching from S, the zinc roofs of

Ujung Kareueng are visible from a considerable distance.

6.8 Caution.—Several dangers, marked by breakers, lie in the

W approach to Meulaboh Bay. A reef, with a least depth of 4m,

lies about 2 miles NW of Ujung Kareueng and 0.5 mile offshore. About 1 mile SSW of this reef is a 4.9m patch. 

6.8 About 1 mile W of the same point is a 3.3m patch, with a

similar patch close N of it. Between these patches and the W

side of the peninsula lies a reef with a depth of 2.4m. Depths of

about 3m less than charted were reported to exist in the bay E

of a line joining Ujung Kareueng and Ujung Geudong.

Meulaboh to the Sungai Singkil

6.9 Between Meulaboh and Ujung Raja (3°44'N.,

96°31'E.), about 34 miles SE, the coast is low, with high trees

behind. There are no off-lying dangers until about 12 miles SW
62 Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 

Pub. 174

of Ujung Raja and the soundings give good warning of approach to the coast. The mountains lie far inland and are only

visible in the early morning.

Gunung Abong Abong (4°15'N., 96°48'E.), 2,985m high,

lies about 35 miles NNE of Ujung Raja; it is a slightly curved

dome-shaped summit, only distinguished from the other mountains in the vicinity by its great height. 

6.9 Gunung Loser (3°45'N., 97°11'E.), lying about 40 miles E

of Ujung Raja, has two sharp peaks, the NE of which is 3,381m

high; from the SW it appears as a saddle. 

6.9 The summits, which have flat tops, are 3,045 and 1,533m

high and lie 4 miles SSE and 12.5 miles S, respectively, of Gunung Loser. Near the coast, there are many smaller mountain

peaks further SE.

6.9 From a position about 13 miles SW of Ujung Raja to a position about 4 miles W of Tapa Toean (3°15'N., 97°11'E.), a distance of about 50 miles SE there are many shoal patches with

depths of from 7.6 to 12.8m close inside the 200m curve, and

then to the coast there are numerous patches with even lesser

depths reported. 

6.9 Those reefs off the coast between Ujung Raja and Ujung

Brang Bang (2°16'N., 97°46'E.) are seldom marked by breakers or discoloration.

6.9 Caution.—There are several islands off this coast; numerous

isolated dangers, many out of sight of land, which make navigation hazardous.

6.10 The nature of the bottom changes completely S of

Ujung Raja (3°44'N., 96°31'E.), whereas to the N, the depths

decrease regularly. A vessel may come suddenly into considerable and irregular depths S, which will be close to dangerous

shoals. 

6.10 Soundings, however, should not be neglected, and a good

lookout aloft should always be kept during the day. Night navigation is attended with considerable risk.

Teluk Susoh (Teluk Soesoh) (3°43'N., 96°48'E.), about 16

miles E of Ujung Raja, is entered between Ujung Pulo Kajee

(UJung Pulaukayee) and Ujung Seurangga, about 1 mile SE; it

affords some protection during the Southwest Monsoon, being

sheltered from NW winds, which sometimes blow with considerable force, when a heavy swell sets into the anchorage. Both

entrance points are fringed by a coral reef.

6.11 Ujung Seurangga (3°43'N., 96°48'E.) is a low barren

sand spit, near the inner end of which is Susoh (Soesoh)

(3°43'N., 96°48'E.) (World Port Index No. 50560). Near the E

end of Susoh, with its zinc-roofed houses, is a noticeable tree

which shows above the edge of the wood, and at the head of the

bay there is a prominent tree, painted white. 

A jetty with a length of 50m at its head, depth alongside 6m,

extends from the shoreline. Barges use a wooded jetty by the

palm oil tank farm.

6.11 Aspect.—Vessels approaching the roadstead can see some

storehouses and a palm oil tank at the settlement for a distance

of 9 miles. 

6.11 The green hills near Teluk Susoh (Teluk Soesoh) are visible

for a considerable distance. 

6.11 Susoh Light (Soesoh Light) is situated at the SW extremity

of Ujung Seurangga. Another light is situated 0.2 mile NNE of

Susoh Light. 

6.11 Anchorage.—Small vessels may obtain anchorage in Teluk

Susoh W of Susoh village, in depths of from 12 to 14m, and, in

a depth of 18m, mud, with the pier head bearing about 310°.

6.11 Large vessels should anchor in the road, which, although

sheltered to some extent by off-lying reefs, lies open to the W

swell and to winds between W and S.

6.11 Directions.—Approach from the W on the parallel of

3°40'N until Susoh Light bears 055° when it should be steered

for on that bearing until a white beacon marking the 2.3m

patch in the center of the bay, bears about 021°. This course

leads clear of all dangers at the greatest possible distance.

6.11 The coast between Teluk Susoh and Tapa Toean, about 36

miles SE, is low; the reefs lying in the vicinity of the 20m line

are occasionally marked by swell, but never by discoloration.

The chart should be referred to for the off-lying reefs between

the coast and the 200m curve.

6.11 Caution.—There are two shoal patches of 2.3 and 8.7m, respectively, near the center of Teluk Susoh. The submerged dangers S and W of Susoh do not show by discoloration owing to

the turbid water of the rivers. They are steep-to, but the sea

does not break over them and they are very small, and there

may be other dangers not yet discovered in the vicinity. 

6.12 Tapaktuan (Tapa Toean) (3°15'N., 97°11'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50550), entered between Ujung Kupiah and

Ujung Batu Itam, about 2 miles E, is entirely open S. The

shores of the roadstead are high and steep, and consist of

wooded rocks and high hills. 

6.12 It is reported to be fringed by a reef in most places, but

abreast Tapaktuan (3°15'N., 97°11'E.), on the W side of the

bay, there is a narrow channel through the reef, with a pier on

its S side. 

6.12 The NW portion of the bay is encumbered by Pakah Reef,

which is marked by breakers and rollers. 

6.12 Depths—Limitations.—The pier can accommodate vessels

up to 5,000 dwt, with a maximum length of 60m and a maximum draft of about 5m, although ships remain in the roads to

load and discharge. Cargo is conveyed to and from shore by

private barges.

6.12 Aspect.—A very prominent house stands among those on

the W shore of the bay.

6.12 Anchorage.—Good anchorage may be obtained, in a depth

of 36m, mud, with the pier head bearing 324° and Ujung Kupiah bearing 270°. The anchorage is uncomfortable with winds

between W and S.

6.12 Caution.—Batu Tungkat, a rock which dries, lies about 1

mile W of Ujung Kupiah. Batavia Rock, with a depth of 11.9m,

lies about 0.3 mile NW of Batu Tungkat. Batu Kupiah, which

dries, lies about 0.1 mile SW of Ujung Kupiah, the W entrance

point of the bay.

6.13 From a position about 8 miles W of Ujung Kupiah to

a position offshore about 13 miles SW of Ujung Pulo (2°54'N.,

97°31'E.), a distance of about 33 miles, proceed with caution as

there are shoals with depths of from 5.5 to 11.9m, lying outside

and just inside the 200m curve, and extending from 6.5 to 12

miles offshore. Between these shoals and the coast there are

many other dangers with even less depths.

6.13 Prominent hills and mountains lie 6.5 miles N, 5.5 miles

NNE, and 4 miles NE, respectively, of Ujung Pulo.
Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 63

Pub. 174

6.13 Between Ujung Pulo and the Sungai Singkil (2°16'N.,

97°47'E.) is a wide alluvial plain thickly wooded in parts with

casuarina trees. The coast is low with a sandy beach and rises

inland. Many reefs and shoals, some of which are unmarked by

surf, encumber the coast.

Off-lying Islands

6.14 Pulau Simeulue (2°45'N., 96°00'E.), the northernmost of the large islands off the W coast of Sumatera, lies

about 65 miles from the coast. It is hilly with Sibau (2°34'N.,

96°16'E.), the highest peak being 625m high. The coasts are

mostly rocky, and there are many off-lying islands, islets, and

reefs. 

6.14 The reefs close to and between the several coral islets are

steep-to and, except those near Pulau Sioemat (2°39'N.,

96°23'E.), on the NE side of the island, show up distinctly. 

6.14 The depths around the island vary greatly, so the soundings

give little warning of the approach of land; a good lookout

from aloft is advisable. Earthquakes and seismic sea waves occasionally occur, but minor shocks are frequent.

6.14 The Kokos Islands (2°59'N., 95°23'E.) are two low islands,

lying about 24 miles W of the N extremity of Pulau Simeulue;

they may be seen from a distance of about 13 miles. The southernmost island is marked by a light.

6.14 Depths of from 9 to 16.5m exist on the NW end of the bank

extending 19 miles out from the W extremity of Pulau Simeulue. These patches are usually marked by heavy rollers.

6.15 The Banjak Islands (2°10'N., 97°17'E.), consisting

of a group of islands more than 50 in number, extend from 13

miles NW to 38 miles W of Singkil. The three largest of the islands are Pulau Toeangkoe, Pulau Bangkaroe and Pulau Oedjoeng Batoe, besides which there are many islets with deepwater channels interspersed with rocks between them.

Pulau Bangkaroe (Pulau Bangkaru) (2°05'N., 97°07'E.), the

southwesternmost of Banjak, is mountainous, attaining a

height of 303m. Along the E coast, off the spurs of the mountain ridges, is a strip of low land which is overgrown with mangroves. The N, W, and S coasts are bold and the spurs of the

mountains extend to the sea.

6.15 Between Pulau Bangkaroe and Pulau Babi (2°06'N.,

96°39'E.), 23 miles to the W, the channel is deep and considered to be clear of dangers; it is recommended to keep to the

Pulau Bangkaroe side. The channel between Pulau Bangkaroe

and Pulau Toeangkoe is about 5 miles wide with deep water,

and free from danger to within 0.5 mile of either side.

Pulau Toeangkoe (Pulau Tuangku) (2°10'N., 97°17'E.), the

largest island of the group, is hilly and mountainous. The E

side is low and overgrown with mangroves, with several bays

in which there is sufficient depth of water; the channels leading

to them between outlying reefs are mostly dangerous. Two

conspicuous summits rise on the N coast and form good landmarks.

6.15 Pulau Palambak (Palambak Islands) lies off the E coast of

Pulau Toeangkoe, with numerous reefs extending to the NW. 

6.15 The N coast is fronted by numerous reefs and islands located

up to 6 miles offshore.

6.16 Pulau Oedjoeng Batoe (Pulau Udjungbatu) (2°20'N.,

97°24'E.), about 10 miles N of Pulau Palambak, is completely

surrounded by an extensive reef, and the individual islands mutually connected by coast reefs, which are largely dry at LW.

The passages between these islands are practicable for small

craft only.

6.16 Between Pulau Oedjoeng Batoe and the islands and reefs extending N from Pulau Toeangkoe is a deep channel about 3

miles wide.

6.16 East of the reef and foul ground extending about 2 miles NE

of Pulau Oedjoeng Batoe is a deep channel about 4 miles wide,

said to be one of the best passages between the Banjak Islands,

but there are several shoal heads in the E part.

Djawi Djawi (Jawi-Jawi) (2°23'N., 97°33'E.), the NE of the

Banjak Islands, lies about 9 miles E of Pulau Oedjoeng Batoe

and about 6 miles W of the Sumatera coast. It is low and sandy,

with a few shrubs, and may possibly be seen from a distance of

11 miles. It is surrounded by a large reef, of which the outer

edge is always marked by discolored water and overfalls, a few

rocks are also visible. 

6.16 On the N side, between two sand flats which show above water, is a passage through which small craft may reach the shore. 

6.16 East and W of Djawi Djawi are numerous shoals; to the W

are a few sand flats.

6.16 Vessels proceeding N from or S to Singkil can use the channel between Djawi Djawi and the drying patch located about

2.2 miles E of the island. As the reef surrounding Djawi Djawi

is always visible, vessels should favor the W side of the channel, taking care to avoid the 6.9m patch about 2 miles NNE of

the island.

6.16 Ujung Singkil (2°16'N., 97°44'E.), 8.5 miles SSE of Oedjoeng Pasir Gala (Ujung Pasirgala) (2°24'N., 97°40'E.), may

be identified by some dead trees standing in the sea close off it.

From it a spit, with depths of from 1.8 to 5.5m, extends about 3

miles SW.

North Daphne Reef (Karang Rumambi) (2°13'N.,

97°46'E.), with a depth of 1.5m, coral, and steep-to, lies about

4 miles SSE of Ujung Singkil.

Ujung Singkil to Baroes

6.17 The Sungai Singkil (Singkil River) (2°16'N.,

97°47'E.) may be entered about 3 miles ESE of Ujung Singkil,

between Ujung Brang Bang on the W side, and a drying bank

on the E side which extends nearly 0.75 mile S from the coast.

6.17 Singkil Roadstead is located off the mouth of the Sungai

Singkil and the town of Singkil (2°16'N., 97°48'E.).

6.17 Aspect.—A disused light structure is situated about 1.75

miles NE of Ujung Brang Bang.

6.17 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of

7.9m, mud, with the disused light structure bearing 000°. 

6.17 It may be also obtained off the mouth of the river in a depth

of about 14.6m, mud, with Ujung Brang Bang bearing 020°,

and Ujung Ketapan (2°16'N., 97°45'E.) located 1.25 miles W

of Ujung Brang Bang, bearing 301°. 

6.17 This berth is very exposed during the Southwest Monsoon.

A mooring buoy lies 0.8 mile S of the disused light structure.

6.17 Directions.—A vessel bound to Singkil from the N and having come through the channel E of Djawi Djawi, should keep

that island bearing N of 327°, astern, to avoid Arum Pandjang

(2°18'N., 97°38'E.), which bearing also leads clear of the spit 3
64 Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 

Pub. 174

miles SW of Ujung Singkil. Having passed the latter, steer for

the anchorage N of North Daphne Reef.

6.18 The coastal plain between the Sungai Singkil and Udjung Tuan (0°15'N., 99°08'E.), about 156 miles SE, is generally narrow, being backed by mountains with numerous peaks. 

6.18 Between the Sungai Singkil and Baroes (Barus), 40 miles

SE, the coastal plain is fairly wide, but then to Udjung Tuan,

about 116 miles farther SE, the mountains gradually approach

the coast. The rivers are generally small and of little importance.

6.18 Off the whole of this coast there are numerous reefs and islands, some of which rise steeply from the 200m curve.

6.18 Teluk Telaga is located E of Singkil, with Ujung Radja

(2°14'N., 97°52'E.) forming its W point. Teluk Telaga is open

and landing is difficult as the sea is usually breaking on the

whole of its N shore. Landing may sometimes be possible on

the E side of Ujung Radja, where the shore is clear of dangers.

6.18 Between Ujung Radja and Pulau Musala (1°38'N.,

98°32'E.), about 48 miles SE, there is a deep channel, with a

least width of 6.5 miles. 

6.18 The channel lies between a line of detached reefs, which extends about 8 miles offshore, and a group SW of them, radiating from Pulau Lakota (1°51'N., 98°01'E.) about 18 miles SW

of Ujung Silabi. 

6.19 South Pylades Reef (1°41'N., 98°01'E.) is marked by

breakers.

6.19 From Teluk Telaga the coast takes a SE direction for a distance of 25 miles to Ujung Silabi (2°02'N., 98°16'E.), where it

turns E, forming Tapues Road on the W end of the bight. 

6.19 Tapues Roads (2°00'N., 98°17'E.) lies about 3 miles E of

Ujung Silabi. Anchorage may be taken, in 7.3m, mud, close

NE of Ujung Silabi.

6.19 Baroes Road is located about 2.2 miles ENE of Tanjung

Karang (2°00'N., 98°21'E.), a peninsula forming the W side of

the road, fringed by a drying reef extending about 0.2 mile offshore. 

6.20 Baroes (2°00'N., 98°23'E.) (World Port Index No.

50520), on the E side of the entrance to the Sungai Pasar Terandam, has a landing place inside the mouth of the river. The

roadstead is open and unsafe.

6.20 Anchorage.—Large vessels should anchor, in 16.5m, about

0.5 mile E of Pulau Karang (1°58'N., 98°21'E.), protected

from W squalls.

6.20 Pulau Nias North Channel, separating the Banjak Islands

from the N end of Pulau Nias, is a deep passage about 30 miles

wide, and except for the reef extending SE from Pulau Sarang

Aloe (1°59'N., 97°23'E.), is clear of dangers.

Pulau Nias

6.21 Pulau Nias (1°32'N., 97°20'E.), the largest of the islands off the W coast of Sumatera, is hilly and from E appears

like a chain of mountains of varying height. It has hardly any

conspicuous peaks, but Maziaja Mountain, 432m high in the N

portion, is noticeable along with three somewhat lower peaks. 

6.21 From the W, the hills along the coast are seen to better advantage and afford good landmarks in conjunction with the islands fronting the coast. From S, the headlands provide the best

marks.

6.21 Pulau Sarangbaung (1°42'N., 97°27'E.) lies 10.5 miles

NNE of the N extremity of Pulau Nias. There is a break in the

reef on the SE side where boats can land at a village. The island is overgrown with coconuts and is visible for 12 miles.

6.21 The N coast of Pulau Nias, which forms the S side of Pulau

Nias North Channel, is low, but there is a range of hills extending S from Tanjung Siginingini (1°32'N., 97°21'E.), the N extremity of the island, to Maziaja Mountain.

6.21 From Tanjung Siginingini to Tanjung Tojolawa (1°25'N.,

97°03'E.), the NW extremity of Pulau Nias, the coast is in parts

fringed by a reef, with several off-lying islands. 

6.21 From Pulau Senau (1°27'N., 97°14'E.), lying about 11 miles

ENE of Tanjung Tojolawa, the coast is completely exposed to N

and NW squalls. They are prevalent here during the months of

October, November, and the first part of December; they may be

exceptionally heavy and cause a heavy swell and much sea.

6.21 Anchorage.—Good anchorage during the Northeast Monsoon can be taken off Tanjung Helacha (1°28'N., 97°19'E.), in

16.5m. 

6.21 During the Southwest Monsoon, anchorages off this coast, as

far W as Pulau Senau, are impracticable because of heavy seas. 

6.21 When anchoring on the N coast of Pulau Nias, swarms of

mosquitoes are blown on board at night with the land breeze,

and in view of the prevailing malaria it is advisable to anchor

as far as possible offshore.

6.22 The W coast of Pulau Nias is nearly inaccessible because of surf Tanjung Sosilutte (1°23'N., 97°04'E.), about 2

miles SE of Tanjung Tojolawa, is a low point with a remarkable

tree, and it is the S extremity of the Tojolawa Peninsula, on the

slopes of which are the buildings of a coconut plantation. 

6.22 Labuan Atjeh, on the E side of the peninsula, affords sheltered anchorage during N winds, in depths of from 18.3 to

21.9m, sand. A 1.2m patch lies on the E side of the bay, about

0.3 mile offshore.

6.22 Pulau Mausi (1°21'N., 97°06'E.), low and barren, lies in the

S approach to Labuan Atjeh, about 2.2 miles SE of Tanjung

Sosilutte. It has a white sandy beach, and is fringed by a reef on

which the sea always breaks, extending about 1 mile S; there is

a depth of 7.7m at the outer end of the reef. 

6.22 An extensive reef, with a depth of 8.2m, which is marked by

discoloration, lies 3.5 miles S of Pulau Mausi. 

6.22 Anchorage may be obtained, in a depth of about 35m, sand

and mud, off the E side of Pulau Mausi, partially sheltered

from the heavy swell.

6.22 Pulau Wunga (1°13'N., 97°05'E.), about 8 miles S of Pulau

Mausi, is low and covered with coconut trees. A large conspicuous tree, visible for 16 miles, is located on a small elevation

near the N end. The reef extending from the N side of the island is ordinarily marked by high rollers; on the S side is

marked by rollers or breakers.

6.23 Pulau Pulau Hinako (0°50'N., 97°22'E.) forms a

group of eight islands, of which Pulau Hinako (0°52'N.,

97°20'E.) is the most populated. They are all of coral formation, covered with coconut trees, and flat, with the exception of

Pulau Hinako, which has a small ridge on its NW side, on

which is a mission church and school. A light is shown from
Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 65

Pub. 174

Pulau Hinako.

6.23 Between and in the vicinity of the islands are numerous

reefs, for which the chart should be consulted. The 20m curve

must be considered the limit of safety at Pulau Hinako, as nearly everywhere within this curve are drying reefs or reefs with

little depth.

6.23 The W side of the four outer islands, with exception of the

coast reefs on which there are usually breakers, is clear. By

passing the islands at a distance of 1 mile, one will always carry considerable depths.

6.23 Pulau Bawa (0°50'N., 97°20'E.) is atoll-shaped. The seaward side of all of the islands consists of a raw coral mass

which is practically impassable except at Pulau Bawa, of which

the W side has been washed smooth.

6.23 Caution.—Vessels approaching Pulau Pulau Hinako from

the N must be careful to avoid the 5.9m patch about 4.7 miles

NNE of the light structure of Pulau Hinako.

6.24 Tanjung Sirombu (0°56'N., 97°24'E.), lying about 34

miles SSE of Tanjung Sosilutte, is low and wooded and may be

identified by several tall casuarina trees which stand above the

other trees. The point is marked by a light. From a distance it

resembles an island, but from closer in the low wooded sandy

isthmus joining it to the land is visible. 

6.24 From both N and S of the point, the broad flat-topped hill

Sommumme, 587m high, about 12 miles NE, is visible.

6.24 The coast S of Tanjung Sirombu is high. The hilly land extends down the coast at nearly all points. In many places, especially off the projecting rugged headland, large black abovewater rocks lie close inshore. 

6.24 The coast is indented for about 33 miles SE from Tanjung

Sirombu to Tanjung Lauju (0°34'N., 97°42'E.), the SW extremity of Pulau Nias. Tanjung Lauju is low, but rises gradually

to 110m.

6.25 A narrow, low plain extends along the S coast of Pulau Nias, but it quickly turns over into rolling land on which

various villages have been built. Lagudri provides anchorage

between Tanjung Lauju, its W entrance point, and a point about

2 miles E. Its shores are covered with coconut palms, and there

is a sandy beach at its head free from rocks, where landing may

be effected. Elsewhere, the shores are fringed by a reef extending up to 137m offshore.

6.25 The best anchorage position is in 11 to 12.8m, mud and sand,

with the entrance points bearing 170° and 218°. It is quite open

to S and SW winds and swell, which sometimes extend well up

the bay.

6.25 A reef, which dries and is marked by breakers, lies about 0.5

mile WSW of Tanjung Lauju; a spit, with depths of less than

11m, extends about 0.6 mile SE from the same point. 

6.25 Batu Mandi (0°33'N., 97°45'E.), a large black rock, lies

about 0.3 mile S of the E entrance point and is a good mark.

6.25 Directions.—A vessel approaching from W should keep

Batu Mandi bearing less than 090° until the village on the E

side of the bay, about 1 miles NNE of the E entrance point,

bears 043° and then steer for the village on that bearing. 

6.25 When Batu Ito (0°33'N., 97°44'E.), lying on the coastal reef

about 2 miles from the E entrance point, bears 164°, alter

course N for the anchorage.

6.25 Tanjung Hele (0°33'N., 97°49'E.), the S point of Telok

Dalam, lies about 6 miles E of Teluk Lagudri. A reef marked

by discolored water and very high surf, extends SE from Tanjung Hele, which should be rounded at a distance of at least 1

mile.

6.26 Telok Dalam (0°33'N., 97°49'E.) (World Port Index

No. 50860) is about 1 mile in length. It affords good shelter

from all but SE winds, which, however, do not cause much

swell, and is free from dangers. It is easily recognized by Tanjung Batu, the N entrance point, which is dark, nearly perpendicular, and 96m high, and has but little reef fronting it. A pier

at the head of the bay has a depth of 2m at its head.

6.26 Anchorage.—A good anchorage, in 18m, may be obtained

with the pier head bearing 327° and Tanjung Batu bearing

096°.

6.26 Directions.—Vessels should steer up the center of the bay

on a 297° course, passing about 0.2 mile off Tanjung Batu, to

the anchorage.

6.26 Leading beacons are situated at the head of the inlet; the

front beacon is situated on the head of the pier while the rear

beacon is situated at the head of the inlet, about 183m NW of

the front beacon. The beacons, in line bearing 324°, lead into

the inlet.

6.27 The E coast of Pulau Nias has moderate depths with

good anchorage and some streams; islets and reefs front the

coast here, as on the W side, but the sea being smoother on the

E coast renders it safer.

6.27 From Telok Dalam, the coast trends NE for about 6 miles to

Balo Todojghu (Ujung Tedu Ichu) (0°37'N., 97°54'E.), a low

point covered with coconut trees. A number of villages lie scattered along this stretch of coast. A narrow reef fronts the shore,

preventing loading in most places.

6.27 With S winds, there is quiet anchorage with good holding

ground, in from 21.9 to 23.8m, a little N of Balo Todojghu.

6.27 Between Balo Todojghu and Ujung Sumabawa (0°48'N.,

97°54'E.), about 11 miles N, the coast is high, with mountain

ranges approaching the coast. Ujung Sumabawa is marked by a

light.

6.27 A low plain begins here and extends N, gradually getting

wider; at Tanjung Lambaru (1°09'N., 97°48'E.) it has a width

of 8 miles. The coast consists of a sandy beach, off which rocks

are lying. The sea usually breaks, making landings very difficult. About 1 mile W of Ujung Sumabawa, landing may be effected with comparative ease.

6.27 Near Ujung Sumabawa, one’s attention is attracted by a very

conspicuous gap in the mountains, in the background of which

the conical Lologogo (0°55'N., 97°49'E.), 498m high, together

with the white patch 3 miles NE, are prominent features.

Tanjung Sjuani (Tanjung Syuani) (0°57'N., 97°56'E.), on

which high casuarina trees grow close to the sea, appears as a

dark steep point. Landing is very difficult. 

6.28 Sumabawa (0°54'N., 98°01'E.), an island located

about 5 miles SE of Tanjung Sjuani, is fringed by a narrow

reef. A 6.4m patch lies about 2 miles NNW of Sumabawa.

Karang Makassar (Makassar Reefs) (0°53'N., 98°01'E.) are

four isolated dangers, with depths of 3 to 8.2m, and deep channels between them. They lie from 1.75 to 7 miles S of Sumabawa, and from 6 to 7 miles offshore. They are marked by
66 Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 

Pub. 174

breakers or a heavy swell.

6.28 Ujung Onolimbu (1°03'N., 97°54'E.) lies about 6 miles NW

of Tanjung Sjuani. Onolimbu Road has good anchorage, in

depths of 21.9m to 25.6m, mud. It is close to shore, abreast a

road leading to Tagaule village (1°03'N., 97°53'E.). There is

another anchorage off Bodsyihona village (1°05'N., 97°49'E.)

to the N, in a depth of 18.3m. Local knowledge is necessary.

6.28 Onolimbu consists of two islands located about 1 mile N and

2.5 miles NE, respectively, of Ujung Onolimbu. 

6.28 There are several drying shoals about 3.5 miles NNW of

Ujung Onolimbu. 

6.28 Tanjung Lambaru (1°09'N., 97°48'E.), located about 8

miles NW of Ujung Onolimbu, is swampy and thickly overgrown; dead trees stand on it and in the water close off it.

6.29 Gunungsitoli (Gunung Sitoli) (1°17'N., 97°37'E.),

about 14 miles NW of Tanjung Lambaru, forms a deep bight; at

its head the hills approach the shore, leaving a strip of lowland

between them. 

6.29 The mouth of the river, leading to the port, will just admit

small trading craft at HW; it is always marked by surf. The port

jetty lies N of the town. An oil jetty lies 7 miles SE. Pilots are

not available.

6.29 Gunungsitoli, the chief town of the island, is the seat of government. It lies mainly on the left bank of the river. The harbor

is sheltered from W and SW winds, but to all winds from N

and SE it is completely exposed so that considerable swells

may result. It is advisable to anchor, in 40m, mud, about 0.2

mile offshore.

6.29 The main jetty, 60m in length, is T-shaped at the head and

has a depth of 12m alongside. An L-shaped town pier has a

length of 67m and a depth of only 2m alongside. Gunungsitoli

Oil Jetty provides mooring to vessels up to 5,000 dwt with a

maximum length of 90m. The berth lies at the head of a 170m

long jetty with dolphins off each end. A depth of 9.5m is reported alongside. 

6.29 North of Gunungsitoli, the coast is covered with coconut

trees for about 6 miles. Close N of Gunungsitoli is Tanjung

Mbaa (1°18'N., 97°36'E.), a rocky point from which a light is

shown.

6.29 From Tanjung Mbaa, a narrow strip of coast land extends

about 3 miles NW, then a fringing reef leads up to Tanjung

Laaja (1°28'N., 97°29'E.). Tanjung Laaja is the N end of the

slope of a hill backing the coast. It is covered with coconut

trees, steep-to, and free from dangers but is difficult to identify.

6.29 Tanjung Dowi (1°31'N., 97°25'E.) is fronted by a reef which

dries to a distance of about 0.1 mile, with depths of 5.5m at 0.4

mile from the point.

6.29 Teluk Siaba (1°31'N., 97°24'E.), the N anchorage of Pulau

Nias, is entered W of Tanjung Dowi. There are two inlets on its

W side. Anchorage may be obtained in Teluk Siaba, in depths

of 29m to 40m, giving some shelter from N or W winds.

6.30 Pulau Bintanah (1°29'N., 98°10'E.), low and fringed

by a reef, should be given a wide berth. From Pulau Bintanah, a

chain of reefs and shoals, some of which dry, extends 32 miles

to the S. The positions of these dangers may best be seen on the

chart.

6.30 Makasser (1°30'N., 98°24'E.), a steep-to reef which dries,

lies about 14 miles E of Pulau Bintanah.

6.30 Pandjang (1°03'N., 98°18'E.) is a small islet lying the S end

of the chain of reefs. A partially-submerged wreck lies on the

reef close S of the islet. Shoal water, with a least depth of 4m

lies 3 miles N of Pandjang; a depth of 11m lies 5 miles S.

6.30 As other rocks may exist in the vicinity, vessels passing E of

Pulau Bintanah should keep close over to Pulau Musala, which

is steep-to, and to the mainland S. 

6.30 If passing W of Pulau Bintanah, they should keep towards

the coast of Pulau Nias to avoid the central reefs, which extend

S to about 0°47'N.

6.30 Pulau Musala (1°38'N., 98°32'E.) lies in the W approach to

Teluk Tapanuli. At its NW end is a conical mountain, about

451m high, with a prominent tree on its summit. 

6.30 There is a remarkable waterfall at the NW end of the island

issuing from a hill with an elevation of 55m; it is a good mark

when approaching from NW.

Teluk Labuanhunik (Teluk Tanah Ronto) (1°40'N.,

98°31'E.), the largest indentation on the N side of Pulau Musala, has depths of 27.4m to 34.7m. 

Pulo Pulotalam (Teluk Mansalar) (1°37'N., 98°35'E.), at the

SE end of Pulau Musala, is sheltered W by an island, and affords safe anchorage, in depths of from 18.3 to 40.2m, soft

mud. 

6.30 From Baroes Road (2°00'N., 98°23'E.), the coast continues

SE for about 27 miles, to the N entrance point of Teluk Tapanuli.

Teluk Tapanuli (1°38'N., 98°45'E.), entered between Ujung

Karang and Ujung Batumamak (Batu Mamak), about 9 miles

S, is the most sheltered and secure anchorage on this portion of

the W coast of Sumatera. The bay is almost completely surrounded by high mountains.

6.31 Sibolga (Tapanuli) (1°44'N., 98°46'E.) (World Port

Index No. 50510), an extensive inlet on the N side of Teluk

Tapanuli, is subdivided into many coves by islands, where a

large number of vessels may lie sheltered from all winds in 11

to 16.5m. The basin NW of the head of the harbor has depths of

3.7m and could contain a considerable number of small craft.

Ocean-going vessels should remain in the roadstead anchorage.

6.31 The main berth at Sibolga is a T-shaped jetty SE of town. It

has a length of 105m. A dolphin is situated off the NE end. A

depth of 5 m is reported alongside the main berth.

6.31 Two smaller berths, the Wood Quay and the Iron Quay lie

NW of the main jetty and have lengths of 75 and 35m respectively. Alongside depths are reported to be less than 2.5m for

both.

6.31 Mooring buoys, situated in 9m of water just NW of Pulau

Sarudut, indicate the Pertamina Oil Berths. A pier extends

from the shoreline to the NE of the mooring buoys, with a tank

farm situated at its root. Vessels up to 150m in length and up to

15,000 dwt can use the offshore berths. 

6.31 A light is shown from Sibolga. Pilotage is not compulsory.

Ferry boats depart Sibolga regularly for Nias.

6.31 Anchorage.—The usual anchorage is E of Pulau PoncanKecil (Ponchang Kechil) (1°44'N., 98°45'E.), in depths of 11 to

12.8m, mud.

6.31 Directions.—The N channel to Teluk Tapanuli, between Pulau Musala and the Sumatera coast, is 7 miles wide, with

depths of 21.9 to 36.6m on either side of Banda Reef, lying

nearly in mid-channel.
Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 67

Pub. 174

6.31 The S channel, between Pulau Musala group and Pulau

Tungkus Nasi (1°35'N., 98°41'E.) is 5 miles in breadth and

free from danger, with regular depths of about 43.8m.

6.31 Caution.—Submarine cables run from Tapanuli and a point

1.5 miles N. Vessels must not anchor within 50m of them.

6.31 An area, about 1 mile in diameter, where ammunition has

been dumped, lies with its center about 2 miles SW of Ujung

Karang.

6.32 The coast from Ujung Batumamak (Batu Mamak)

(1°34'N., 98°42'E.), the SW extremity of Teluk Tapanuli,

trends in a S direction for about 49 miles to Tanjung Tabujung

(Tabu-yung). There is a reef, with a depth of 3.7m, lying about

0.75 mile offshore, 13 miles S of Ujung Batumamak. An

above-water rock lies about 1 mile offshore, 14 miles N of Tanjung Tabujung.

6.32 Tabujung Road, located N of Tanjung Tabujung, is partly

sheltered by Pulau Tangah (Pulau Tonga) and Pulau Si Dakah

(Pulau Labu) (0°51'N., 98°57'E.), about 4 and 1.5 miles, respectively, NW of Tanjung Tabujung. A light is shown from

Pulau Si Dakah.

6.33 Tabujung (Tabuyung) (0°51'N., 98°58'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50500) is situated less than 1 mile E of Tanjung

Tabujung, close within a river entrance. The bar of the river has

depths of from 5.5 to 7.3m.

6.33 Anchorage may be obtained either E of Pulau Tangah, in

depths of 18 to 20m, or E or S of Pulau Si Dakah, in depths of

7.3 to 9m, mud. Both anchorages are fairly sheltered from NW

winds, with good holding ground.

6.33 Caution.—A vessel passing W of Pulau Tangah should give

it a berth of 3 miles.

6.34 The coast between Tanjung Tabujung and Ujung

Sikarakara (0°38'N., 99°02'E.), about 14 miles S, is fronted

by many dangers, some of which lie just within the 10m curve. 

6.34 Sirene Reefs (0°43'N., 98°56'E.), one of the outermost dangers in this locality, consist of four heads, of which the westernmost and the southernmost, with 0.9m of water, sometimes

break; there are depths of 1.4 and 6.9m on the other two patches.

6.34 Natal Road (0°33'N., 99°05'E.) lies off the coast between

Ujung Sikarakara and Ujung Rakat, about 6 miles S; it is open

W and is encumbered with many dangerous shoals, rendering

it one of the worst anchorages on the coast. The shore is

fringed by a bank, with depths of less than 5.5m, extending

about 2 miles offshore. 

6.34 Mandera, a hill 109m high, lies about 5.2 miles SE of Ujung

Sikarakara, and about 1 mile NNE of Natal (0°33'N.,

99°07'E.); it is wooded, appears wedge-shaped from NW, and,

having low land on either side, is a good mark.

6.34 Anchorage may be obtained, in depths of about 7.3 to 11m,

soft clay, about 3 miles offshore, with Mandera bearing 090°.

Small craft may anchor closer inshore, in a depth of 4.9m.

6.34 Teluk Batahan (0°24'N., 99°07'E.), about 8 miles wide, is

an open bight and lies S of Natal Road between Ujung Sumur

(0°30'N., 99°05'E.), about 2 miles S of Ujung Rakat and Ujung

Palimbungan (0°20'N., 99°06'E.), about 10 miles S.

6.35 Pulau Tamang (Pulau Temang) (0°22'N., 99°05'E.) is

an easily-identified hilly island is located at the SE extremity

of Teluk Batahan, about 1 mile from the coast. It is fringed by a

reef except at its W end, where there is a depth of 11m about

0.1 mile offshore. A light is shown on the W end of Pulau

Tamang.

6.35 A shoal, with a depth of 11.9m, lies 0.75 mile W of the W

extremity of Pulau Tamang.

6.35 Anchorage.—There is good anchorage, in depths of 16.5 to

18.3m, soft clay, between the island and the mainland, with the

N point of the island bearing about 315° and Ujung Palimbungan bearing S.

6.35 From Pulau Tamang, the coast is indented by a bight and

trends S for 6 miles to Udjang Iban (0°15'N., 99°08'E.), which

is rocky.

6.36 Great Channel (0°15'N., 98°00'E.), between Pulau

Nias and Pulau Pulau Batu, is about 37 miles across and safe

with a good lookout, but caution is necessary when near any of

the islands on either side during the night, as the dangers are

not all known.

6.36 A bank, with depths of 23.8 to 36.6m, extends 23 miles S of

Pulau Nias.

Pulau Pulau Batu (Kepulauan Batu) (0°18'S., 98°28'E.),

forming the S side of Great Channel, consists of three large islands, Pulau Tanahmasa, Pulau Tanahbala and Pulau Pini, with

numerous islands fringed by extensive coral reef.

6.36 Pulau Simuk (0°05'S., 97°52'E.), the westernmost island of

the Pulau Pulau Batu group, and located about 25 miles W of

the W extremity of Pulau Tanahmasa, is low, but covered with

high trees. 

6.36 Pulau Sigata, about 17 miles E of Pulau Simuk, is 117m high

on its E side with a slight elevation reported on the W side. A

light is shown on the E side of Pulau Sigata.

6.36 Pulau Tanahmasa (0°12'S., 98°27'E.), 10 miles E of Pulau

Sigata, is the central and largest island of Pulau Pulau Batu. 

6.36 The N coast of Pulau Tanahmasa is low and fringed by a

reef, which extends about 0.3 mile W from Tanjung Seropi

(0°01'S., 98°17'E.), the W extremity of the island. This island

is moderately elevated and hilly, covered with trees, but its

summits are not conspicuous, with the exception of one 270m

high, which is visible from the SE and E for a considerable distance.

6.36 Many small islands line its coasts, both on the E and W

sides, with moderate depths among them, forming safe bays or

harbors.

6.37 Pulau Tanahbala (0°25'S., 98°25'E.) is the southernmost large island of the Pulau Pulau Batu group. On its N part

is a hill, 270m high, which appears pyramidal in shape from

the E and NW. 

6.37 Tanjung Hatik (0°30'S., 98°17'E.), its W extremity, is visible from a considerable distance from the N, appearing as a

separate island.

6.37 The E coast of Pulau Tanahbala trends N for a distance of 22

miles to its N extremity. The N part, for a distance of 10 miles,

forms the W side of Selat Tanahbala, which lies between Pulau

Tanahmasa and leads to Telo Roadstead (0°03'S., 98°17'E.) in

smooth water. Local knowledge is necessary.

6.37 Pulau Pini (0°08'N., 98°40'E.), located between Pulau

Tanahmasa and the coast of Sumatera, has no distinguishing
68 Sector 6. West Coast of Sumatera—Ujung Raya to Udjung Tuan 

Pub. 174

features. It is densely overgrown, sparsely populated, and has

no navigable streams. 

6.37 The island is surrounded by a coral reef, excepting the SW

extremity where it may be approached. Landing, however, is

difficult because of the mangroves.

6.37 Laut (0°17'N., 98°42'E.), with a depth of 3.4m and difficult

to distinguish, lies about 6 miles N of the N coast of Pulau Pini.

6.37 There are numerous detached shoals and patches lying up to

6 miles off the N, E, and SE coasts of Pulau Pini, for which the

chart should be consulted. Several islets and a large number of

reefs lie off the S side of Pulau Pini. Within the 20m curve,

which is 2 miles off the W coast, the depths are very irregular

and numerous patches from 4.6 to 9.1m surrounded by deeper

water are found.

6.38 The S coast of Pulau Tanahbala forms the N shore of

Selat Siberut, which lies between Pulau Bodjo (0°38'S.,

98°31'E.) and Pulau Siberut, about 22 miles SE. Selat Siberut

is the passage usually taken by vessels bound to Teluk Bayur

(1°00'S., 100°22'E.) from N. 

6.38 Low-powered vessels from the Indian Ocean bound to Selat

Sunda (6°00'S., 105°45'E.) between May and September, and

all vessels bound N from Selat Sunda between November and

March, use this passage.

6.38 There is generally a long line of surf on the shores of the

strait, particularly on its N and W portions. In the E portion,

and under the Pulau Siberut shore, there is shelter from the sea

which causes heavy surf on the N shore, where all the dangers

lie within the 5.5m line.

6.38 Winds—Weather.—From November to May, when the

Northeast Monsoon prevails S of the Equator, the weather is

fine in Selat Siberut, with light S and SW winds. The wind is

rarely stronger than force 2; in March and April strong W

squalls lasting about 10 minutes may be experienced. In the

other months of the monsoon rain, squalls with little wind may

be expected.

6.38 If the wind shifts to S during the Southwest Monsoon period,

which usually occurs between June and September, hard NW

and W winds prevail in Selat Siberut, accompanied by heavy

squalls.

6.38 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents are reported to be irregular. Sometimes a W set is experienced for several successive days; at other times, an E set is experienced, with the latter

being generally the weaker. 

6.38 After a few days of light winds the currents turn at about HW

and LW. The strongest currents are found close to the shores,

where, N of Tanjung Sigep (0°54'S., 98°54'E.), the N extremity of Pulau Siberut, and between Pulau Bodjo (0°38'S.,

98°31'E.) and Pulau Tanahbala, they sometimes attain a rate of

from 2 to 3 knots. In the latter vicinity the flood sets ENE and

the ebb WSW.

6.39 Pulau Bodjo (0°38'S., 98°31'E.), lying about 2 miles

S of the SE extremity of Pulau Tanahbala, is densely wooded

and about 150m high. It is fringed by a steep-to reef which

nearly dries, extending about 0.3 mile offshore in places. A

light is shown from the S side of the island.

Van Bylandt Reefs (Karang Posumah) (0°37'S., 98°40'E.)

consists of two patches, located about 7 miles ENE and E, respectively, of Pulau Bodjo; they have depths of 4.9 to 5.5m.

The SW side of the bank is very steep-to, but the NE side is

more shelving. The shallowest parts may occasionally be distinguished by the swell, but seldom by breakers.

6.39 Makasser Reef (0°48'S., 98°37'E.), with a depth of 0.6m,

lies about 12 miles SSE of the S extremity of Pulau Bodjo. It is

easily recognized in the daytime by the high breakers on its

shallow portion. The reef extends 1 mile beyond the breakers.

6.39 Directions.—Vessels approaching Selat Siberut from the W

should steer to pass about 2 miles S of the W point of Pulau

Tanahbala, and will sight Pulau Bodjo with its lighthouse. 

6.39 The best course is to pass between Pulau Bodjo and Makasser Reef, which is clear of all danger; the reef is nearly always

to be seen by the breakers. 

6.39 The island should be passed at a distance of 2 miles, steering

about 090°, until Tanjung Sigep bears 155°, when a course may

be shaped for the desired port.
69

Pub. 174

7. 

West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa

7.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 7 — CHART INFORMATION
71

Pub. 174

SECTOR 7 

WEST COAST OF SUMATERA—UDJUNG TUAN TO TANJUNG BALIMBINGPAMANCASA

7.0 Plan.—This sector will be divided into two parts. The W

coast of Sumatera from Udjung Tuan SE to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa (Vlakke Hoek) will be described first. The offlying islands between the two above-mentioned points will

then be described.

Udjung Tuan to Padang

7.1 Udjung Tuan (Ujung Tuan) (0°15'N., 99°08'E.) is a

rocky point. A 175m hill, with a remarkable broad conical

summit, lies close SE of the point.

7.1 Ujung Biang (0°14'N., 99°10'E.), another rocky point, lies

about 3 miles SE of Udjung Tuan. Bukit Bargambar, 4 miles E

of Ujung Biang, shows up well from the S; it appears as a

blunted knoll rising from an extensive mountain ridge.

7.1 The coast from Udjung Tuan to Ujung Biang and then continuing E to Airbangis Road is mountainous.

7.1 Airbangis Road (0°10'N., 99°20'E.), about 9 miles across, is

entered between Ujung Bukit and Ujung Sawang Puding; the

road contains several isolated islands and shoals. 

7.1 The village of Airbangis is situated on the E shore of the

bay; the government representative here acts as the harbormaster.

7.1 Pulau Pangkal (0°08'N., 99°17'E.), the SW island off Airbangis, has a small, sharp pointed hill, 53m high, on its SW

side. The island is marked by a light.

7.1 Pulau Talur (0°07'N., 99°21'E.), the SE island, is low and

covered with coconut trees.

7.1 Pulau Pugago (0°10'N., 99°17'E.), about 2 miles NW of Pulau Pangkal, is oblong and covered with coconut trees.

Pulau Panjang (Pandjang) (0°11'N., 99°18'E.), 75m high,

about 2 miles NE of Pulau Pugago, is a similar island but larger.

7.2 Pulau Kasi (0°12'N., 99°19'E.), which dries, lies

about 1 mile NE of Pulau Panjang and is easily distinguished.

7.2 Sichangang (0°10'N., 99°24'E.), a flat-topped hill, rises

about 3 miles S of Airbangis and forms the SE extremity of

Airbangis Road; from it, the coast trends in a general SE direction for about 28 miles to Ujung Katiagan (0°08'S., 99°45'E.).

A rocky hill rises immediately over Ujung Katiagan.

7.2 Ujung Masang (0°18'S., 99°48'E.), about 10 miles SSE of

Ujung Katiagan, is low, with a reef stretching out about 0.5

mile and should not be approached in depths of less than 31m.

The Sungai Masang enters the sea at the point.

Tiku Road (Tikoe Road) (0°25'S., 99°55'E.), about 9 miles

SE of Ujung Masang, is in some measure protected by the low

islands off it, which are overgrown with coconut trees, but nevertheless a heavy swell sets into the anchorage during NW and

SW winds. 

7.2 The Tapi Peninsula (0°24'S., 99°55'E.), formerly an island,

is now joined to the mainland by a bare sand ridge, but has the

appearance of an island when seen from a distance along the

shore. 

Tiku (Tikoe) (0°24'S., 99°55'E.) (World Port Index No.

50470) is situated within the Tapi Peninsula at the mouth of the

river. This roadstead is partially protected by low offshore islands. NW or SW winds cause heavy seas to set into the roadstead.

7.2 Three islands extend in a SW direction from Tiku. From N,

they are Karsik, Tangah, and Pulau Ujung; the latter islands lie

about 2 miles SW of the Tapi Peninsula. Each of these islands

is fringed by a reef. These islands should not be confused with

the islands of the same name located in the vicinity of Pariaman Road.

7.2 A dangerous wreck is reported (2004) to lie 6.5 miles W of

Pulau Ujung.

7.3 Pariaman Road (Priaman Road) (0°38'S., 100°06'E.)

is located about 18 miles SE of Tiku Road. The town of Pariaman (Priaman) (0°38'S., 100°07'E.) (World Port Index No.

50460) is situated on the S point of a small river and is the

headquarters of an administrator.

7.3 The Pariaman Islands (0°39'S., 100°06'E.), three in number, are low and wooded; they lie in a NNW-SSE direction

abreast the town.

7.3 Pulau Anso, the northernmost island, is surrounded by a reef

Tangah, the middle islet, lies about 0.7 mile from Pulau Anso;

a reef surrounds it mostly on its W side. 

7.3 Oedjoeng. the S islet, lies about 1 mile from Tangah and is

surrounded by a reef; Tangah and Oedjoeng should not be confused with the islands of the same name located near Tiku

Road.

7.3 Pulau Karsik (0°36'S., 100°04'E.) lies about 3 miles NW of

the town of Pariaman and about 2 miles offshore; it is small,

covered with trees, and encircled by a reef. It should not be

confused with the island of the same name located near Tiku

Road.

7.3 The coast from Pariaman Road to Padang Road, a distance

of about 24 miles, is said to be free of dangers near the shore. 

7.3 Sao (0°52'S., 100°17'E.), about 8 miles N of Padang Road, is

separated from the mainland by a clear channel about 1.3 miles

wide. The island is overgrown with coconut trees and surrounded by a narrow reef.

7.4 Padang Road (0°59'S., 100°18'E.), the anchorage of

Padang, is exposed and of little importance since construction

of the breakwater at the head of Teluk Bayur (see paragraph

7.9). The road is dependent on weather conditions; the operation of discharging or loading cargo is very difficult for the native lighters when a strong W or NW wind gets up, as the

entrance to the Batang Arau (0°58'S., 100°21'E.) becomes

dangerous on account of the breakers; all communications with

the shore at such times ceases, and it takes as much as 2 hours,

rowing, to cover the 2 miles to the roadstead.

7.4 In the N approach to Padang Road (0°59'S., 100°18'E.), the

Pading Islands, seven in number, interspersed with numerous

reefs which can best be seen on the chart, lie from 6 to 13 miles
72 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

off the town of Padang and the coast N; they are all covered

with coconut trees. 

7.4 Apenberg (0°58'S., 100°20'E.), the S point of entrance to the

Batang Arau, is a bluff headland, 108m high, and thickly

wooded. Whale Rock lies close W of the head. In approaching

from the offing Apenberg will easily be known by its bluff aspect and the coast S of it being bold high land; the land near the

sea to the N of the river is low, and all the coast is low then to

Pariaman, but far back from the coast the land is generally

high.

7.4 Pisang (1°00'S., 100°20'E.), an island lying about 2 miles S

of Apenberg, is hilly, 0.4 mile in length in a N-S direction, and

0.3 mile in breadth, with two landing piers on its E side. 

7.4 A coral reef encircles the island to the distance of 137m in

places. Pisang Kechil lies between Pisang and the shore; it is

connected with the shore by a sunken rocky ridge.

Padang to Teluk Bayur

7.5 Padang (0°57'S., 100°21'E.), the principal town and

trading center of the W coast of Sumatera, is situated on a flat

coastal strip on the N bank of Batang Arau. The town is also

the semi-permanent seat of the Governor of Central Sumatera,

as well as being a garrison town and railway headquarters. 

7.5 Padang (0°57'S., 100°21'E.) is easily identified in clear

weather, as it affords good landmarks to vessels approaching it. 

7.5 The town, of rectangular layout, with a radical pattern to the

S, covers an area of 2 square miles and is protected in the N

and E by flood canals. Teluk Bayur is the port of Padang.

7.5 In Padang Road, the flood sets to the NW and ebb sets to the

SE, at a rate of not more than 1 knot.

7.5 Ujung Biang Reef (0°13'N., 99°08'E.), with a depth of

2.7m, which sometimes breaks and is marked by discoloration,

lies 2.5 miles S of Udjung Tuan.

7.5 Labuang Lulu Reef (0°10'N., 99°10'E.), lying about 3 miles

S of Ujung Biang, has a depth of 6m; it is not marked by discoloration.

7.5 Makasser Reef (0°07'N., 99°13'E.), with a depth of 2.7m,

lies about 4.3 miles WSW of Pulau Pangkal.

7.5 Van Speijk Reef (0°01'S., 99°20'E.), with a depth of 3.2m,

lies 10 miles SSE of Pulau Pangkal; this reef sometimes

breaks.

7.5 Moller Reef (0°04'S., 99°24'E.), marked by a light, lies 5

miles SE of Van Speijk Reef. The least depth is a rock with less

than 1.8m of water; depths of less than 11m extend almost 0.5

mile N of the rock.

7.5 Gosong Satu (0°01'N., 99°27'E.), awash, lies about 7 miles

NE of Moller Reef and 7 miles offshore.

7.5 Dua Reef (0°04'N., 99°26'E.) consists of two reefs about 0.2

mile apart, which are awash and always breaking; they lie

about 3 miles NNW of Gosong Satu.

7.5 Sikarbau Reef (0°06'N., 99°23'E.), consisting of two reefs,

the NE of which is awash and breaks, is located about 2.2 miles

ESE of Pulau Talur. The SW reef has a depth of less than 1.8m,

and is difficult to distinguish.

7.5 Sylph Reef (0°06'N., 99°25'E.), with a least depth of 0.9m,

lies 2 miles E of Sikarbau Reef, and seldom breaks. 

7.5 A reef with a depth of 0.9m and a 6.9m patch close SE of it,

are located about 0.9 mile N of Pulau Talur (0°07'N.,

99°21'E.).

7.5 A reef with a depth of 3.2m lies 0.3 mile E of the S point of

Pulau Pangkal. A drying reef lies nearly 1 mile W of the N

point of Pulau Pugago.

7.5 To the S of the shoals lying in the S approach to Airbangis

Road (0°10'N., 99°20'E.), and W and S of Ujung Masang

(0°18'S., 99°48'E.), are many outlying reefs for which the chart

is the best reference; some of these reefs occasionally break.

Others may exist, and a constant lookout from aloft should be

kept when in this vicinity. 

7.5 From Fabhool Mobarak Reef (Fatahool Marak) (0°20'S.,

99°08'E.) and the 4.6m patch about 2 miles NW, these numerous reefs extend in an ESE direction.

7.5 A reef in Tiku Road, steep-to, lies in the fairway between

Pulau Ujung (0°25'S., 99°53'E.) and Tangah; it dries in places

and is marked by discoloration. A drying patch lies 0.2 mile N

of Tangah. Between Pulau Ujung and Tangah there is a channel

with depths of 14.6m on either side of the drying reef.

7.5 Doerian Reef (0°37'S., 100°01'E.) lies about 4 miles WSW

of Pulau Karsik. 

7.5 Kajoe Poetih (0°38'S., 100°02'E.), which often breaks, with

a depth of 3.7m, lies about 2 miles ESE of Doerian Reef.

7.5 Three Reefs, with depths of 2.3 to 3.7m lie within 1 mile N

to E of Kajoe Poetih. 

7.5 Sepulu Reef (0°38'S., 100°05'E.), steep-to, with a depth of

7.8m, fronts the town of Priaman. 

7.5 Sibarat Reef (0°40'S., 100°06'E.), which dries at LW, lies

about 1 mile SW of Oedjoeng.

7.6 Pulau Bando (0°46'S., 99°59'E.), the northernmost

islet, is small, encircled by a reef, and lies about 25 miles NW

of the town of Padang. A conspicuous tree, visible for about 12

miles, stands on Pulau Bando.

Pulau Nyamuk (Njamoek) (1°16'S., 100°18'E.), about 20

miles SSW of the town of Padang, is the southernmost islet. It

is low, sandy, covered with coconut palms, and has reefs extending a short distance from it. It is necessary to keep a careful lookout from aloft when navigating this area; the chart is

the best guide.

7.6 A bank, with less than 5.5m of water, fronting the coast between Apenberg and Ujung Jungut Batu Pati (Oedjoeng

Djoengoet Batoe Pati) (1°00'S., 100°22'E.), the W limit of Teluk Bayur, extends about 0.5 mile off these points, and to about

0.2 mile from Pisang.

7.7 Gunung Talakmau (0°05'N., 99°59'E.) rises to a

height of 2,912m about 19 miles NE of Ujung Katiagan; it appears like a cone, separated from the chain of other mountains,

and is visible 110 miles in clear weather. It is the highest

mountain on Sumatera visible from the sea. 

7.7 Gunung Pasaman (0°03'N., 99°57'E.) rises to a height of

2,190m about 3 miles SW of Gunung Talakmau.

7.7 Gunung Singgalang (0°23'S., 100°20'E.) rises to a height of

2,877m about 36 miles SE of Gunung Pasaman.

7.7 Marapi (0°23'S., 100°28'E.) rises to a height of 2,891m

about 8 miles E of Gunung Singgalang.

7.7 Within Ujung Masang (0°18'S., 99°48'E.) there is marshy

land, with several hills rising out of it, offering good landmarks

for coasting vessels. They are Masang (0°16'S., 99°53'E.),

224m high, the easternmost and highest, with a flat summit;

Antokan (0°17'S., 99°52'E.), 173m high, the southernmost;
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 73

Pub. 174

Laboehan (0°15'S., 99°50'E.), 146m high, the westernmost;

and Pandji (0°15'S., 99°51'E.), 103m high, the northernmost,

which is crowned by high trees.

7.7 Gunung Tiga (0°29'S., 100°14'E.) rises to a height of 494m

NE of the town of Pariaman, about 10 miles from the coast;

when seen from the W it is somewhat conical in shape and has

three tops, with the S being the lowest.

7.7 Dolok Sulasih (0°35'S., 100°14'E.), 198m high, rises about

5 miles S of Gunung Tiga, about 8 miles from the coast; it appears conical in shape when seen from the W.

Tjoebadak (Tjubadak) (0°48'S., 100°21'E.), 487m high, rises about 4 miles from the coast.

7.7 Talang (0°58'S., 100°40'E.), 2,597m high, is located in the

W portion of the Padang Highlands, about 20 miles E of Apenberg (0°58'S., 100°20'E.). It has three craters; one is extinct,

another emits thick sulphurous fumes, and the last is filled with

a burnt-up lava lake. 

7.8 Gadoet (0°54'S., 100°31'E.), 1,859m high; Gantang

(1°00'S., 100°30'E.), 1,370m high, between Tadang and the

coast; Padang Berg (0°58'S., 100°22'E.), 322m high on which

there is a signal staff, near Apenberg; and Mount Pangilun

(Pangeleon) (0°55'S., 100°22'E.), 92m high, N of it, are also

conspicuous objects; the islets mentioned in the approaches

should be all easily identified. 

7.8 On a nearer approach the lighthouse and flagstaff of Ujung

Batumandi (1°03'S., 100°22'E.) will be seen.

7.8 A light is shown from a skeleton iron tower, 31m high, on

the E side of Pulau Nyamuk (1°16'S., 100°18'E.).

7.8 Directions.—Bargambar Mountain (0°13'N., 99°13'E.),

open N or S of Ujung Biang, clears the Pylades Reefs

(0°21'N., 98°51'E.).

7.8 If intending to take the inshore route from Pulau Tamang

(0°22'N., 99°06'E.) anchorage S to Airbangis Road, pass between Pulau Tamang and the coast, keeping on the island side;

then in mid-channel between the island and Ujung Palimbungan, and when the latter bears 079°, steer toward Udjung Tuan

to avoid the two reefs lying WNW of that point.

7.8 The 10m curve passes about 2 miles from Ujung Palimbungan and Udjung Tuan, but between these points, and sometimes outside, the depths are less, and the shore, which in this

space contains some bays, is safe to approach to depths of 10.1

to 11m.

7.8 When Udjung Tuan bears about 090° steer to pass N of

Ujung Biang Reef, marked by a beacon; when entering Airbangis Road N of Pulau Pugago and Pulau Pandjang pass between the latter island and Pulau Kasi to the anchorage. 

7.8 This passage is undesirable for large vessels, but vessels of

every description, by whatever channel they enter Airbangis

Road, must keep a good lookout aloft for shoals.

7.8 Proceeding S from Airbangis Road, bearings of Pulau Talur

and other objects will enable a vessel to pass between Moller

Reef and Gosong Satu, then for Ujung Masang and Tiku Road

(0°25'S., 99°55'E.). It may be approached from Tiku Road by

reversing these directions.

7.8 The following clearing marks are useful for vessels using the

inshore route:

1. The N point of Pulau Pandjang in range with Ujung

Batu Barlayar, the point about 3 miles W, leads N of Ujung

Biang Reef.

2. Sichangang, in range with the N point of Pulau

Pugago, leads between Ujung Biang Reef and Labuang Lulu

Reef, but right across the reef about 1 mile W of Pulau

Pugago. This range leads from the anchorage in the bay to

the offshore route.

3. The N point of Pulau Pandjang, in range with the N

point of Pulau Pugago, leads S of Labuang Lulu Reef.

4. The light structure on Pulau Tamang bearing 350°

leads W of Ujung Biang Reef.

7.8 The usual inshore route from Airbangis to Natal is to steer

296° with Pulau Pangkal bearing 116° astern. This course leads

between Labuang Lulu Reef and the shore. 

7.8 When the W point of Pulau Tamang bears 337° alter course

to clear Ujung Biang Reef. When Ujung Biang Reef bears 270°

steer a little outside of Pulau Tamang. 

7.8 After passing Pulau Tamang, steer for a position 2 miles W

of Kapal Reef, then steer for Bukit Sikarakara (0°38'N.,

99°05'E.) bearing about 038°, until Bukit Mandera (0°34'N.,

99°07'E.) bears 090°, then proceed for the anchorage.

7.8 If intending to use the outer routes within Kepulauan Batu

(0°10'S., 98°30'E.), vessels from the N proceeding to Airbangis

Road, outside the shoals, or to the S, should from abreast Pulau

Tamang, distance 7 or 8 miles, steer about 175°, passing about

2 miles W of Bajang Reef (0°17'N., 99°00'E.); when Ujung

Biang bears 090°, alter course to 130°.

7.8 When Bukit Sikarakara is in range with the W point of Pulau

Tamang bearing N, course may be altered more to the E, to

pass N or S of Makasser reef, lying about 4.3 miles WSW of

Pulau Pangkal (0°08'N., 99°17'E.), on a bearing of the light

on that island.

7.8 The sea breaks on some of the shoals off Airbangis Road

when there is much swell, and between most of them there are

safe channels, but the shoals are not always discernible when

the sea is smooth. Pulau Pangkal, bearing 090°, leads N of

Makasser Reef, and between it and Labuan Lulu Reef

(0°10'N., 99°10'E.), lying 5 miles to the NW. 

7.8 Then pass on either side of Pulau Pangkal to the anchorage,

avoiding the shoals in the road. The best channel is N of Pulau

Pangkal, where the depths are 18.3 to 20.1m over soft bottom.

Pulau Ujung Light (Oedjoeng) (0°25'S., 99°53'E.) should

be approached bearing more than 090° to avoid the numerous

shoals in the offing S and SW, over some of which the swell

may be seen to roll if there is any sea. Pass S and E of it to the

anchorage at Tiku Road.

7.8 Approaching Pariaman Road from the N along the shore,

bring Pulau Ujung Light to bear 315°; keeping it astern on that

bearing will lead between Gosong Reefs (0°28'S., 99°58'E.)

and Soengai Bamban (0°32'S., 99°59'E.) direct for Pulau Karsik off Pariaman. 

7.8 Pass W of that islet; then steer 161° to pass W of Sepula

Reef (0°38'S., 100°05'E.) and then between Pulau Anso and

Pulau Tangah to the anchorage.

7.8 To pass outside the Batik Reefs (0°32'S., 99°56'E.) bring

Pulau Ujung (0°25'S., 99°53'E.) bearing N, astern, and keep it

so for 9 miles, leaving Ingaris Reef (0°29'S., 99°51'E.) about 2

miles to starboard, and Batik Kechil about the same distance to

port; when Pulau Karsik bears 105° it may be steered for on

that bearing.

7.8 Vessels bound for Padang to the SE and not entering Pariaman Road, about 4 miles SW of Pariaman, may steer to pass
74 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

about 1 mile E of Pulau Air (0°53'S., 100°12'E.) and the shoal

SE. Pass 1 mile E of Sipakal (0°56'S., 100°15'E.), there being

no known danger inshore of this except the reef lying more

than 1 mile SW of Pulau Sao (0°52'S., 100°17'E.).

7.8 There is a channel on either side of Pulau Sao, but that to the

W is the best and most direct; care must be taken to avoid the

shoal already mentioned. 

7.8 When S of that islet a direct course may be steered for Apenberg (0°58'S., 100°20'E.); should unfavorable weather be

present, steer for the anchorage under Pisang (1°00'S.,

100°20'E.), where vessels are sheltered from NW winds, or for

Teluk Bayur within Pisang, where there is complete shelter.

7.8 Approaching Padang from the W and after passing well clear

of Stort Reef (0°55'S., 99°59'E.), pass close S of Pulau Pandan (0°57'S., 100°08'E.) and then between Siboentar (0°57'S.,

100°13'E.) and Pulau Bindalang (0°59'S., 100°12'E.). Steer

for a position close S of Pisang (1°00'S., 100°20'E.) from

where course may be shaped into the anchorage.

7.8 If bound for Teluk Bayur, follow the directions for Pisang

anchorage above to a position 2 miles W of Pisang and from it

steer to pass W of Marlbro Light (1°02'S., 100°21'E.) and

then between it and Ujung Batumandi (1°03'S., 100°22'E.). 

7.8 A vessel from Pariaman bound for Teluk Bayur may take the

inshore route, pass W of Pisang, then as directed above.

7.8 Approaching Padang from the S, a vessel should make Pulau Nyamuk Light (1°16'S., 100°18'E.), a low islet 9.1 to

15.2m high. The island should not be brought to bear W of

343°, nor approached within 1 mile, as reefs extend about 0.5

mile from it. 

7.8 Having passed Pulau Nyamuk at about 1 mile distant, on either side, course should be shaped to pass the same distance W

of Bintanggor (1°09'S., 100°19'E.) and Sirandah (1°07'S.,

100°20'E.).

7.8 There is also a narrow and safe passage E of Bintanggor and

Sirandah, with depths of 37 to 55m and which is generally considered the best.

7.8 Having passed Sirandah by either channel, it should then be

brought to bear 180° astern, until Marlbro Light bears 090°. 

7.8 Then set course directly for the anchorage S of Pulau Pisang.

This will lead between the two shoals NW of Sinjaroe.

7.8 If bound to Teluk Bayur a direct course for the outer end of

the breakwater may be steered with the whole of Pulau Marak

well open E of Sirandah astern, bearing 194° which leads between Marlbro Shoal and Ujung Batumandi, and W of the dangerous wreck lying S of the 7.3m patch on the E side of the

fairway.

7.8 Anchorage.—The anchorage in Airbangis Road (0°10'N.,

99°20'E.) is E of Pulau Panjang, as close to the fringing reef as

convenient, in depths of 11 to 12.8m, soft mud, about 4 miles

from the village of Airbangis. 

7.8 The best anchorage in Tiku Road (0°25'S., 99°55'E.) is in

depths of 12.8 to 14.6m E of Tangah, with the S point of the island bearing 278° and the W side of the Tapi Peninsula

(0°24'S., 99°55'E.) bearing 020°. 

7.8 Small vessels may anchor, in 5.5m, sheltered from NW

winds, E of the reef extending about 0.3 mile S of the Tapi Peninsula; the reef always breaks.

7.8 Vessels can anchor in Pariaman Road (0°38'S., 100°06'E.)

to the E of Oedjoeng or Tangah, in 5.5 to 12.8m, mud bottom,

sheltered from NW and W winds.

7.8 Anchorage in the S approach to Padang Road may be taken

within the islets of Anggo, Pagang, Bintanggor, Sirondjong,

Sikowai, and Sirandah which lie between 1.25 to 4 miles N of

Pulau Marak (1°12'S., 100°18'E.), in depths of 18.3 to 37m,

sheltered from NW and W winds.

7.8 Anchorage in Padang Road (0°59'S., 100°18'E.) to the E of

Pisang, affords fair shelter, in 9.1 to 11m, soft blue mud, with

the extremities of the island bearing about 236° and 240°.

7.8 Caution.—An ammunition dumping ground is centered in a

position about 6.7 miles SE of Bando Islet (0°46'S., 99°59'E.).

7.8 An area previously dangerous due to mines, but now considered safe for surface navigation, lies in the approaches to Teluk

Bayur. 

7.8 Should a vessel wish to avoid this area, she is advised to

make for Pulau Nyamuk (1°16'S., 100°18'E.) then proceed N,

passing W of Pulau Marak, then through the passage between

Bintanggor (1°09'S., 100°19'E.) and Pagang, and Sirandah

and Sikowai (1°08'S., 100°21'E.), then steer for Marlbro

Light (1°02'S., 100°21'E.) and proceed as for Teluk Bayur. 

Teluk Bayur (Telukbayur) (Emmahaven) 

(1°00'S., 100°22'E.)

World Port Index No. 50450

7.9 This bay is located about 3 miles S of Padang. At its

head is the town of Teluk Bayur protected by a breakwater extending for a distance of 0.5 mile in a SE direction from the W

shore, and enclosing an area of about 0.5 mile.

7.9 Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents set NW and SE at a maximum rate of 1 knot. The tidal range at neaps is 0.3m while the

range at springs is 0.9m.

7.9 During the Northwest Monsoon, there is often a considerable

swell in the anchorage.

7.9 Depths—Limitations.—Vessels up to 22,000 dwt, with a

maximum length of 180m, can be accommodated.

7.9 The explosives pier is situated on the side of the breakwater

and has a least depth of 6.3m alongside.

Port of Teluk Bayur

http://www.telukbayurport.com

Wharf Length Depth

1st Wharf 108m 10.0m

2nd Wharf 108m 10.0m

3rd Wharf 96m 10.0m

No. 1 Quay 150m 10.0m

No. 2 Quay 150m 10.0m

Coal Terminal 225m 7.5m

Cement Terminal 1 150m 9.0m

Cement Terminal 2 150m 10.0m

Special Quay 98.5m 10.0m
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 75

Pub. 174

7.9 The petroleum jetty, also situated on the NE side of the

breakwater, is 183m NW of the explosives pier, and has a

length of 9m, with an alongside depth of 5.8m.

7.9 On Karsik Reef (Karang Terlana) (1°00'S., 100°22'E.),

which occupies the center of the harbor, a breakwater about 0.1

mile in length, built parallel to and about 0.2 mile from the

main wharves, shelters the space within from all winds. 

7.9 However, that portion of the bay E of the breakwater is open

to S winds. Within this enclosed area, the depths are about 7.8

to 8.7m.

7.9 Marlbro (1°02'S., 100°21'E.), a submerged rock marked by

a light and a racon, has a depth of 1.2m and lies about 2 miles

W of Ujung Batumandi.

7.9 Pasir Gedang (1°01'S., 100°21'E.), marked by a beacon, lies

about 1 mile NNE of Marlbro; on its E side is a sand cay on

which coconut trees have been planted.

7.9 Aspect.—The limits for the roadstead for Teluk Bayur are a

line joining the S part of the bay and Pisang (1°00'S.,

100°20'E.), the meridian through the W point of Pisang, and a

line 045° to 25° through Whale Rock (0°58'S., 100°20'E.).

7.9 To the N of Ujung Batumandi (1°03'S., 100°22'E.), conspicuous by a lighthouse, the lightkeeper’s house, and a signal

staff, a high ridge of hills forms the E shore of the bay, with

Tampat, the village of Baramas, and Taloek Niboeng near the

coast. 

7.9 When the bay opens up, Teluk Bayur will appear on a background entirely closed by a high, overgrown ridge of hills.

7.9 Lights are shown from the head of the main breakwater and

from each end of the breakwater on Karsik Reef.

7.9 There are several mooring buoys in the harbor and off the

wharves to assist vessels in securing alongside and to keep vessels off the wharves when a swell is running in the harbor.

7.9 Pilotage.—Pilotage in Teluk Bayur is compulsory. Pilots

board 0.5 mile S of the end of the main breakwater. 

7.9 Vessels approaching the harbor can communicate by flag or

morse code with the harbor office and should keep the pilot

signal if necessary, the quarantine signal, displayed until answered by the harbor office. 

7.9 Pilotage is available 24 hours and should be requested 6

hours in advance. The vessel’s ETA should be sent 48 hours

and 24 hours in advance. The harbormaster also is reported to

perform the duties of harbor pilot. 

7.9 By day, the pilot boat flies a blue flag with a white star; at

night, the pilot boat carries a white light above a red light.

7.9 The signal for a pilot is in accordance with the International

Code of Signals; such signal must be shown until the pilot is

aboard or until an answering signal has been made.

7.9 A fine is assessed on vessels engaging a pilot and then not

taking the pilot at the stated time.

7.9 Regulations.—The usual quarantine regulations for vessels

from infectious ports, and for the control of the harbor, are in

force in all harbors in the Republic of Indonesia.

Teluk Bayur
76 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

7.9 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be taken inside Teluk Bayur

roadstead limits as near the breakwater as safe navigation permits.

7.9 Anchoring is reported to be prohibited in the area best seen

on the chart.

Teluk Bayur to Mokko Mokko

7.10 Teluk Bungus (Boengoes Baai) (Bungus Bay)

(1°03'S., 100°23'E.), in which there are several villages, is separated from Teluk Bayur by Ujung Batumandi. A small pier

and landing place lie about 0.2 mile E of the signal staff standing on the point. Karsik is a small islet lying near the middle of

the N arm of the bay.

7.10 Sungi Pisang Bay (1°07'S., 100°22'E.), lying close S of Teluk Bungus, is about 1 mile across and open to W winds. 

7.10 Two rocks lie in the entrance, with depths of 1.8 and 3.7m;

abreast the rocks, close to the N shore, there is a narrow passage, with depths of 27 and 31m, decreasing to 12.8 and

16.5m. There is also a narrow passage between the S point of

the bay and Sikowai Islet, lying off the bay’s entrance.

7.10 Sungi Pinang Bay (1°10'S., 100°22'E.) lies S of Sungi

Pisang Bay, and is free from off-lying dangers.

Taroesan Bay (Tarusan Bay) (1°13'S., 100°25'E.), fronted

by the island of Tjoebadak (Chubadak) (1°13'S., 100°23'E.),

is about 5 miles in extent and safe, with general depths of 12.8

to 29m, over soft blue clay. 

7.10 There are two passages into the bay on either side of Tjoebadak, South Ngalo Strait (1°11'S., 100°23'E.) to the N and

Sirondjong Strait (1°14'S., 100°24'E.) to the S.

7.10 Telok Dalam indents the N coast of Tjoebadak for a distance

of about 0.7 mile and has general depths of 27m. 

7.10 In the entrance is the islet of Tradjoe, W of which is the wider and deeper passage into the inlet. 

Tanjung Taloek Lamboe (Tanjung Taluk Lambu) (Ujung

Taluk Lambu) (1°16'S., 100°24'E.), the extremity of a prominent peninsula partly forming Taroesan Bay, lies about 3 miles

S of the entrance to that bay. 

Tjingkoek Bay (Chingkuk Bay) (1°19'S., 100°32'E.) lies

about 11 miles SE of Tanjung Taloe Lamboe and is the northernmost of four bays indenting the coast within a distance of

about 8 miles to the S of that bay. 

7.11 Painan Bay (1°22'S., 100°34'E.), the next bay SSE,

has fairway depths of 12.8 to 18.3m and depths of 7.3 to 12.8m

in the bay. 

Batoeng Bay (Teluk Batung) (1°23'S., 100°35'E.), the next

bay SSE, affords good anchorage in moderate depths, open to

W winds. 

7.11 Batoe Dandang (1°22'S., 100°33'E.), a reef with above-water rocks, extends off the N point of Batoeng Bay. 

7.11 Soengeo Boeng in Bay (1°26'S., 100°34'E.), the southernmost of the four bays, is similar to Batoeng Bay. 

Oedjoeng Taloek Kasai (Ujung Taluk Kasai) (1°27'S.,

100°33'E.), 110m high, is a prominent point forming the SW

end of the bay.

7.11 Batang Kapas Bay (1°30'S., 100°37'E.), which affords good

anchorage, in depths of 12.8 to 18.3m,, lies about 5 miles SE of

Oedjoeng Taloek Kasai but is open to W winds. 

Oedjoeng Radja (Ujung Raja) (1°36'S., 100°38'E.) lies

about 7 miles S of Batang Kapas Bay; it has a hill 124m high

immediately over it with Batu Mandamai (1°37'S.,

100°38'E.), 80m high, over the coast about 1 mile SSE.

7.11 The coast between Oedjoeng Radja and Tanjung Inderapura,

about 35 miles SSE, forms a bight in which the Air Indrapoera

and some minor streams discharge.

7.12 Air Indrapoera (2°00'S., 100°52'E.), the most important river S of Padang, is located about 10 miles N of the point

of the same name. There is generally a heavy surf at the entrance, but small native craft can enter during the greater part

of the year except at LW. It takes a very tortuous course to the

town of Inderapura (Indrapoera) (2°04'S., 100°56'E.) and has

its rise near Rasa (2°00'S., 101°00'E.), 270m high.

Tanjung Inderapura (Oedjoeng Tandjoeng) (Ujung Tanjung) (2°09'S., 100°49'E.) is low and its extremity covered with

trees; it is steep-to.

7.12 Numerous islets and reefs, for which the chart is the best reference, lie off the coast between Tanjung Taloek Lamboe

(1°16'S., 100°24'E.) and Mokko Mokko, about 90 miles SE.

Kurinchi Peak (Gunung Kerinci) (Indrapura Peak) (1°41'S.,

101°15'E.), which rises to a height of 3,805m about 27 miles E

of Oedjoeng Radja, is the highest in Sumatera. 

7.12 Gunung Patah Sambilan (1°41'S., 101°08'E.) rises to a

height of 2,591m about 8 miles W of Kurinchi Peak.

7.12 A light is shown from the middle of Pulau Katangkatang

(Katang Katang) (1°52'S., 100°34'E.) which lies about 18

miles SSW of Oedjoeng Radja.

7.13 The entrance to Air Hadji, which is not easily made

out, may be identified by Lenggok (1°52'S., 100°53'E.), a remarkable sugarloaf hill covered with trees, which rises to a

height of 329m about 5.2 miles NNE of the river entrance.

7.13 Batu Tiga (1°36'S., 100°40'E.), 261m high, and Sugirik,

271m high, rise about 2 miles within Oedjoeng Radja. 

Djalamoe (Jalamu) (1°43'S., 100°46'E.), 105m high, rises

about 8 miles to the SE. 

7.13 Baringit (1°43'S., 100°56'E.), 1,387m high, rises about 11

miles E of Djalamoe. 

7.13 Pandan Gadang (1°54'S., 101°08'E.), 1,847m high, rises

about 12 miles SE of Baringit; these peaks, with others of less

height back the coast some 17 miles inland and will be of much

assistance in fixing the position of a vessel when navigating in

this locality.

7.13 Anchorage.—There are no ports or anchorages that are safe

during the Northwest Monsoon period between Tanjung Inderapura and Vlakke Hoek (5°55'S., 104°33'E.), at the entrance to

Selat Sunda. Landing is always dangerous because of heavy

surf.

7.13 There is safe anchorage in Teluk Bungus (1°03'S.,

100°23'E.), with depths of 26 to 27m in the entrance and 11 to

18.3m farther in. 

7.13 Anchorage can also be taken in the E side of the bay in the N

bight in 16.5m, mud, and in the S bight, in 18.3 to 22m, open to

W winds.

7.13 Anchorage in Sungi Pinang Bay (1°10'S., 100°22'E.), shelters vessels from almost every wind, is only open to the SSW;

anchorage may be found, in 46m, mud bottom, in the NW part

of the bay, SW of the charted rocks.

7.13 Directions.—The directions for approaching Padang from
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 77

Pub. 174

the S apply here to Teluk Bungus (1°03'S., 100°23'E.). When

in the entrance, bear toward the N side to avoid the shoals off

Karsik, and anchor between it and the point, or nearer to the

head, where there is good shelter. Shallow water extends off

the point and island that form the NE side of this anchorage.

7.13 Approaching Tjingkoek Bay (1°19'S., 100°32'E.) from the

N, vessels may pass on either side of Pulau Nyamuk (1°16'S.,

100°18'E.), then steer for Koembang (Kumbang) (1°19'S.,

100°26'E.) to avoid the shoals SE of Koembang. 

7.13 Between Koembang and Aoer Gedang (Aur Gedang)

(1°23'S., 100°29'E.), the depths are 29 to 46m; and from between these islands steer to pass S of the Simangke Group

(1°21'S., 100°31'E.) and then into the bay.

7.13 The directions for approaching Painan Bay (1°22'S.,

100°34'E.) are the same as those for Tjingkoek Bay given above.

7.14 Tjingkoek Bay (1°19'S., 100°32'E.) has regular

depths and good anchorage near Salida village, in depths of 7.3

to 11m, at its NW part.

7.14 Anchorage may be obtained in Painan Bay (1°22'S.,

100°34'E.) in a depth of 146m, good holding ground; small

craft can go nearer to the NE corner of the bay in depths of 5.5

to 9.1m, off the village, where there is better shelter from NW

winds.

7.14 Anchorage.—Small vessels can anchor, in 7.3m, W of the

mouth of Air Indrapoera (2°00'S., 100°52'E.), with the peak

of Lenggok (1°52'S., 100°53'E.) bearing 017°. 

7.14 Large vessels should not approach to within a depth of

14.6m or within 2 miles of the shore. Vessels should only anchor off this coast if necessary, as it is unsafe in W winds. 

7.14 Anchorage may be obtained off Air Indrapoera, in a depth of

7.3m, with the S point of the river mouth bearing 097°. A

mooring buoy is situated in the roadstead of the river.

7.14 Caution.—The numerous off-lying islets, rocks, and reefs

lying between Tanjung Taloek Lamboe(1°16'S., 100°24'E.)

and Tanjung Inderapura, about 59 miles SSE, are steep-to and

should be given a wide berth. 

7.14 Vessels should pass well W of a line joining Pulau Nyamuk

(1°16'S., 100°18'E.) and Panjoe (Panyu) (1°30'S., 100°26'E.), lying about 16 miles SE. Proceeding S from abreast Oedjoeng Radja (1°36'S., 100°38'E.) it will be prudent, if coasting, to keep 4 to 5

miles offshore, in order to avoid Gosong Soemedang (Sumedang)

(1°50'S., 100°46'E.), an above-water rock.

7.14 In the daytime, with a good lookout aloft, most of the dangers will be visible; at night, a vessel should keep well outside

all these islets.

Mokko Mokko to Bengkulu

7.15 Mokko Mokko (2°34'S., 101°07'E.), the only settlement not visible from seaward on this coast, is situated about

31 miles SE of Ujung Tanjung.

7.15 Pasar Bantal (2°45'S., 101°20'E.), about 17 miles SE of

Mokko Mokko, may be identified by two white rocks a little N

of it; the village stands on the S side of the entrance.

Pasar Ipuh (Pasar Ipu) (3°01'S., 101°29'E.), about 18 miles

SSE of Pasar Bantal, may be identified by three red cliffs to the

S and three green hills near the sea.

Ketahun (Ketaun) (3°23'S., 101°49'E.), the buildings of

which have conspicuous roofs, is situated about 30 miles SE of

Pasar Ipuh.

7.15 Sarang Alang (2°33'S., 100°59'E.), about 0.4 mile long and

183m wide, has a least depth of 5.5m and lies about 6 miles W

of the mouth of the Slagan River (2°33'S., 101°05'E.). With a

heavy sea, the sea breaks on it.

7.16 Swallowfield Rock (2°59'S., 101°27'E.), with a depth

of 4.6m, lies about 2.7 miles NW of Air Ipuh. A 3.7m patch

lies about 2 miles SW of Air Ipuh, and a rock, with a depth of

5.5m, lies about 0.7 mile S of the 3.7m patch.

7.16 Northwestward of Pasar Ipuh there are no reefs under the

coast, but between Pasar Ipuh and Bengkulu (3°47'S.,

102°15'E.) are numerous reefs and shoals, mostly off the rivers. 

7.16 In a swell the 7.3m and 9.1m patches are marked by rollers,

and shoals with 5.5 or less always break.

7.16 The coast S of Pasar Ipuh is fronted by a coral bank which

stretches out 4 or 5 miles, with depths of 11 to 18.3m on its

outer edge; it extends from Pasar Ipuh to Ketahun, a distance of

about 30 miles, and should not be approached in depths of less

than 18.3m as it is steep-to.

7.16 The coast between Ketahun and Bengkulu, a distance of

about 36 miles, is safe to approach in depths of greater than

22m.

7.16 Coming from the N to Mokko Mokko, the high trees on the

high S point of Plokang Bay (2°33'S., 101°05'E.) form the second easily distinguishable mark after Tanjung Inderapura, 32

miles to the N.

7.16 Talang (2°06'S., 101°15'E.) rises to 1,377m about 27 miles

E of Tanjung Inderapura.

7.16 Raya (2°13'S., 101°26'E.), 2,550m high and conspicuous,

rises SE of Talang. 

7.16 Pandan (2°44'S., 101°51'E.), 2,168m high, and Seblat

(2°53'S., 102°09'E.), 2,383m high, lie farther to the SE.

7.16 Kaba (3°30'S., 102°35'E.), 1,952m high, lies NE of Bengkulu. 

7.16 Gedang Ulu Lais (3°15'S., 102°14'E.) and Ulu Palik

(3°24'S., 102°20'E.), 2,130m and 2,500m high, respectively,

rise to the N of Bengkulu.

7.16 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained off Mokko Mokko, in 18.3m, soft ground, about 3 miles WSW of the Slagan

River (2°33'S., 101°05'E.). 

7.16 Small vessels may anchor nearer the shore, in a depth of

about 9.1m. The native boats must be employed in landing on

account of the surf. The coast in the neighborhood is a sandy

beach onto which a heavy swell is generally setting, as is usually the case on this coast S of the Equator.

7.16 There is an anchorage off the mouth of Kali Aer Dikit

(2°41'S., 101°14'E,.) in depths of 14.6 to 18.3m.

7.16 The best anchorage in the road off Pasar Bantal (2°45'S.,

101°20'E.) is in depths of 14.6 to 16.5m, over ooze and sandy

bottom, with the white rocks just N of Pasar Bantal bearing

024° and the river entrance 045°.

7.16 Large vessels may anchor off Pasar Ipuh (3°01'S.,

101°29'E.), in depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, with the central of three

red cliffs near the sea bearing 057°; here the roadstead is tolerably clear, while farther in the bottom is foul. 
78 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

Bengkulu (Benkulen) (3°47'S., 102°15'E.)

World Port Index No. 50440

7.17 Bengkulu is the capital of the Bengkulu district and

the headquarters of an administrator. The Bengkulu River

mouth (3°46'S., 102°16'E.) discharges into the bay about 2

miles NE of the town.

7.17 Bengkulu Road (3°47'S., 102°14'E.) may be considered as

lying between Ujung Coko (Ujung Parit) (3°43'S., 102°14'E.),

4.5 miles N of Bengkulu and Ujung Teluk Punggur (3°55'S.,

102°16'E.), about 8 miles S of Bengkulu, forming a large bay

on either side of the town.

7.17 The inner road, with depths of 7.3 to 11m, lies NW of

Bengkulu and within Pata Sambilan Reef (3°47'S.,

102°14'E.). 

7.17 The NW winds which prevail from October to April, when

strong, cause a heavy swell and breakers in the roadstead; during the Southeast Monsoon the inner road is perfectly safe.

7.17 Pulo Tikus (3°50'S., 102°11'E.) lies about 5 miles SW of

Bengkulu, and is surrounded by a coral reef about 2 miles in

extent in a NW and SE direction. It is partly dry at LW and affords shelter from SW winds.

7.17 Pulo Tikus Basin, an excellent basin on the NE side of the

reef, has depths of 11 to 14.6m, over soft mud, and 4.6 to 5.5m

at its upper end. The passage is close to the edge of the reef on

the W side; several detached patches lie off the E side, with

12.8 to 14.6m of water close-to.

7.17 Depths—Limitations.—The boat harbor is protected by two

breakwaters; the W breakwater is 0.2 mile long while the E

breakwater is only 183m long. The depth in the channel to the

basin is 2m. Ocean-going vessels discharge cargo into lighters

in the roads about 3 miles offshore.

7.17 A bank with a depth of 18.3m lies about 18 miles W of

Ujung Coko.

7.17 Pata Sambilan (3°47'S., 102°14'E.), two reefs which dry in

parts at LW, lie from 0.5 to l.5 miles off Bengkulu. They do not

always break, but as they are liable to do so suddenly, boats

should not attempt to cross them.

7.17 A 6.9m shoal lies about 0.5 mile NNE of the N edge of Pata

Sambilan. A buoy is moored about 0.7 mile NW of the boat

harbor and marks a 0.9m shoal.

7.17 Numerous other reefs and shoals, which can best be seen on

the chart, lie in the approaches to Bengkulu. These reefs are

avoided by keeping in depths above 20m.

7.17 A shoal, with a depth of 10.1m, lies about 2 miles NW of

Ujung Teluk Punggur.

7.17 Aspect.—To the NE of Bengkulu, the land is high and rugged; one of the hills, Bungkuk (Suikerbrood) (3°35'S.,

102°25'E.), 1,034m high, is a conspicuous mark in some directions from seaward and rises about 16 miles from Bengkulu.

The roadstead will be easily made out by the clump of coconut

trees on Pulo Tikus, which are visible from 12 to 15 miles. The

mouth of the river is not easily recognized, with a fort and a

few roofs of houses being the only objects visible from any distance seaward.

7.17 Anchorage.—The usual anchorage in the outer roadstead of

Bengkulu is in 22 to 24m, about 2 miles NNE of Pulo Tikus. 

7.17 The bottom is generally rocky and in some places reported to

be foul. During S winds vessels may anchor, in 24m, under the

shelter of Tikus Reef, mud bottom.

7.17 The best anchorage in the inner roadstead is just outside the

0.9m patch lying about 0.2 mile NW of the boat harbor, in a

depth of 8.2m, mud and sand, good holding ground.

7.17 During N winds, vessels that do not go into Pulo Tikus Basin

should anchor within 1 mile E of Pulo Tikus Light, in about

27m, where the sea will be partly broken by the reef. 

7.17 Loading and discharging cargo may be done in favorable

weather in this position .

7.17 Directions.—The approach to the harbor of Bengkulu from

N is between the buoys already mentioned above; the S entrance, approach, pass W of the Pata Sambilan (3°47'S.,

102°14'E.) and the reefs extending from the shore W of the

town and then to the anchorage.

7.17 Approaching Bengkulu Road from the N, bring Pulo Tikus

to bear S of 125° to avoid the reefs W of Tikus Reef. Bungkuk

bearing 056°, or E of that bearing, until Pulo Tikus Light bears

135°, leads N of them, where course may be taken for the anchorage in the road or for Pulo Tikus Anchorage.

7.17 Coming from the W, the trees on Pulo Tikus will be seen before Bungkuk, which is much more conspicuous on a near approach.

7.17 Approaching the road from the S, Pulo Tikus should not be

brought to bear to the W of 000° until within 3 miles of it,

which will lead W of Lebar Reef (3°56'S., 102°12'E.), then

steer 022° for the road. 

7.17 From abreast Pulo Tikus, if bound for the inner road, haul to

the N, passing W of the 6.9m shoal lying about 0.2 mile NNE

of the N edge of the N of Pata Simbilan.

7.17 There is a channel 3 miles wide within Lebar Reef, with general depths of 27m. Vessels using this channel should keep

within 2 miles of Ujung Teluk Punggur (3°55'S., 102°16'E.)

until it bears 090°, and may then steer for Pulo Tikus Anchorage, and then for the inner road; Lebar Reef may be seen by the

overfalls on its edges.

7.17 Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies sunk in a position about

0.4 mile NNW of the head of the W mole at Bengkulu. A buoy

is moored on the SW side of this wreck.

Bengkulu to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa

7.18 Pulau Bay (Pulau Baai) (Teluk Ujung Pulau)

(3°55'S., 102°17'E.) is located 8 miles SE of Bengkula. The

bay is completely separated from the sea by a tongue of land,

making it an excellent anchorage for shipping.

7.18 Depths—Limitations.—The middle of the harbor has a

dredged depth of 10m. The dredged channel opening out to the

sea has a depth of 10m, with its entrance protected by two

breakwaters. Lights are shown from the end of each breakwater. The port can accommodate vessels up to 15,000 dwt, with a

maximum length of 150m and a maximum draft of 9m. There

are three separate berthing areas in the basin.

7.18 Situated E of the entrance channel and range lights are the

Pertamina Oil Company and the Liquid Bulk Terminal areas.

The oil jetty has a depth of 8.8m at its head. Dolphins extend

on each side. Situated adjacent to the Liquid Bulk Terminal is

the domestic berth. This berth is sometimes refered to as the local wharf. This berth is 124m long and has 4m of water alongside. 

7.18 Situated W of the entrance and range line is the Coal Open
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 79

Pub. 174

Storage area. Here the international berth extends 165m in

length, with 10m alongside, and can accommodate a maximum

draft of 9m. 

7.19 Ujung Genting (Tanjong Genting) (3°58'S.,

102°17'E.), a round bluff headland covered with high trees, is

discernible in Bengkulu Road and lies about 3 miles SSE of

Ujung Teluk Punggur.

7.19 From Ujung Genting, the coast of Sumatera extends in a SE

direction for a distance of 183 miles to Vlakke Hoek (5°55'S.,

104°33'E.), at the N side of the entrance to Selat Sunda. 

7.19 Throughout its extent it is almost entirely without shelter,

and being beaten by heavy surf, the few frequented places are

dangerous for landing. It is in most places bold and safe to approach; the land is mountainous a short distance inland.

7.19 Pasaralas (Pasar Alas) (Alas) (4°19'S., 102°45'E.), lying

about 35 miles SE of Ujung Genting, is a small pepper port.

Mana (Tanjung Manna) (4°29'S., 102°54'E.), lying about 14

miles SE of Pasaralas and marked by a light, projects considerably and may be identified by a hill covered with coconut

palms. The coastal reef extends about 1 mile S of the point. A

stranded wreck (PA) is charted close S of the point. 

7.19 The town of Mana (Manna) lies in the bight to the NE of the

point. The dwellings are conspicuous. A cascade falls perpendicularly from steep cliffs which line the shore near Mana, but

landing should not be attempted.

7.20 Pasarpinoh (Pasar Pinoh) (4°24'S., 102°50'E.), another pepper port, lies about 6 miles NW of Tanjung Mana and

Padang Guchi (4°35'S., 103°08'E.) lies about 15 miles SE.

7.20 Teluk Sambat (4°50'S., 103°22'E.), entered between Tanjung Bandar and Tanjung Linau, is about 5 miles wide. On its

SE side is Linau village, situated on the N side of a bight 0.5

mile wide, where small craft find shelter from S winds.

7.20 The coast for about 30 miles SE of Tanjung Linau is steepto; reefs lie off the coast in places on this stretch.

7.20 Teluk Pugung (5°00'S., 103°42'E.), 18 miles SE of Tanjung

Linau, is deep; the 200m curve penetrates deeply into the bay.

7.20 Pulau Pisang (5°07'S., 103°51'E.), quartz rock, 41m high

and densely overgrown with coconut palms, is almost 1 mile in

extent and lies about 11 miles SE of Teluk Pugung and I mile

offshore; the intermediate coast is steep-to. It is surrounded by

a narrow coastal reef with deep water about 0.2 mile off, with

the exception of the NE side, where it is connected to the mainland by a ledge with a greatest depth of 73m. 

7.20 On this ledge and to the N of the island, are patches with

depths from 1.8 to 5.5m.

7.21 Teluk Kroe (Krui) (5°09'S., 103°54'E.) lies about 3

miles SE of Pulau Pisang; at the head of the bay there is about

55m less than 0.5 mile offshore in places. The town of Kroe is

situated on the bank of a small river which is entered close E of

Tanjung Salobu (5°11'S., 103°56'E.), the S point of the road,

which is visible for some distance from the offing.

7.21 Karang Jati, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies 0.8 mile NNW

of Tanjung Salobu and about 0.4 mile offshore. 

7.21 Foul ground extends from Tanjung Salobu for a distance of

0.2 mile, with deep water close-to. A buoy is charted on the W

edge of Karang Jati. There is a boat basin protected by two

moles at Kroe.

7.21 Labuan Tapokan (5°16'S., 103°58'E.) indents the coast

about 9 miles SE of Teluk Kroe. A reef with a least depth of

4.1m, coral and sand, lies in the middle of the bay; the reef always breaks.

7.21 Labuan Jambu (5°20'S., 104°01'E.) lies immediately SSE

of Labuan Tapokan and is completely clear of dangers.

7.21 Anchorage can be taken immediately off the small river of

Jambu, but no shelter is afforded against the SE swell.

7.21 Labuan Siging (5°31'S., 104°12'E.) affords good shelter

against SE and S swell and landing can almost always be

effected immediately N of Ujung Siging (5°32'S., 104°13'E.),

the S point of the bay. Anchorage can be taken, in 9.1 to 11m,

over sand, with Ujung Siging bearing about 170°.

7.21 Off the bay are patches of 8.2m and 18.3m, with a sand

bottom. A distinct rocky shoal of 5.4m extends S from Ujung

Siging. A reef extends about 0.3 mile offshore from Ujung

Siging. There is always a heavy swell at this shoal. 

7.21 There are also occasionally heavy swells on the shoal patches W of the bay.

7.21 Teluk Bengkunat (5°37'S., 104°18'E.) lies about 7 miles SE

of Ujung Siging. 

7.22 Ujung Cukubatuberagam (5°37'S., 104°18'E.), the

S extremity of the bay, is fringed by a coral reef; a 3.6m patch

lies 0.5 mile N of the point and a shoal, upon which there is a

rock with a depth of 0.6m, lies 1.5 miles NNW of the point.

7.22 The coast from Ujung Cukubatuberagam trends about 23

miles SE to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa (Vlakke Hoek)

(5°55'S., 104°33'E.), the S point of Teluk Balimbing and the

NW entrance point of Selat Sunda; the coast is generally low

and densely overgrown, but inland the country is mountainous.

7.22 Teluk Balimbing (5°54'S., 104°34'E.) indents the coast just

N of Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa. The village of Balimbing

is situated close E of the SW entrance point of Teluk Balimbing. To the N of this same point the 10m curve is about 0.5 mile

offshore and the depths shoal quickly to 5.4m. The depths in

the bay shoal gradually.

7.22 Pulau Batu Kecil (5°54'S., 104°27'E.) lies about 7 miles

WNW of Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa; it is low, wooded,

about 0.7 mile in extent, and surrounded by a reef. A shoal

bank extends NW and SE of the island.

7.23 Regular depths over a sandy bottom are found between Bengkulu (3°47'S., 102°15'E.) and Mana, about 57

miles SE. Farther to the S the coast becomes more steep, moderate depths extending out only a short distance, until Pulau

Batu Kecil is approached where they extend 8 miles from the

coast of Sumatera.

7.23 A few shoals, which can best be seen on the chart, lie off the

coast between Pasaralas (4°19'S., 102°45'E.) and Mana, about

14 miles SE.

7.23 A shoal, about 2 miles in extent and with a least depth of 5.9,

lies 1.5 miles SW of Ujung Cukubatuberagam (5°37'S.,

104°18'E.), with a 10.1m patch about 1.7 miles S of the shoal.

7.23 Two patches, with depths of 4.1 and 5.4m, lie 3 and 1.75

miles NNW, respectively, of Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa

(5°55'S., 104°33'E.); other shoal patches may exist in the vicinity. 

7.23 Off the coast W of Langgar Peak (5°49'S., 104°33'E.) are

several patches with depths of 5.9 to 8.7m; the outer patch,
80 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

with a least depth of 7.3m, lies about 2 miles offshore and 5

miles W of the peak.

7.23 Gunung Dempo (4°01'S., 103°07'E.) rises to a height of

3,159m about 31 miles NNE of Tanjung Mana. Dingin

(3°59'S., 102°56'E.) rises to 2,020m about 11 miles WNW of

Gunung Dempo. These two peaks are apparently useful marks

for identifying the locality.

7.23 Pandan (4°34'S., 103°31'E.), 1,811m high, rises about 16

miles NNE of Teluk Sambat.

7.23 Pugung (4°59'S., 103°51'E.) rises to a height of 1,964m,

about 8 miles E of Teluk Pugung, there are many other high

peaks in the vicinity.

Tanggamus (Keizerspiek) (5°26'S., 104°40'E.), 2,102m

high, rises about 24 miles ENE of Teluk Bengkunat.

7.23 A light is shown on Tanjung Bandar (4°49'S., 103°20'E.).

7.23 A light is normally shown from the highest point on the SE

side of Pulau Pisang (5°07'S., 103°51'E.).

7.23 A light is normally shown on Tanjung Salobu (5°11'S.,

103°56'E.).

7.24 Langgar (5°49'S., 104°33'E.), a conspicuous peak,

rises to a height of 158m about 29 miles NNE of Teluk Balimbing.

7.24 A light, from which a racon transmits, is shown from a white

dwelling on Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa.

7.24 A light is shown from a structure on the NW part of Ujung

Walor.

7.24 Directions.—In approaching Teluk Kroe, the high and conspicuous mountain, Pugung, which rises about 9 miles N of

Pulau Pisang (5°07'S., 103°51'E.), may be discerned a considerable distance from the offing. 

7.24 Vessels should approach the anchorage under Pulau Pisang

from the S; there appear to be no dangers to avoid excepting

the reef extending a short distance from the island.

7.24 Small craft may enter by the N channel by keeping at about

0.2 mile distant from the island shore.

7.24 In approaching the town of Kroe from the S, the houses

should be kept open of Tanjung Salobu to avoid the reef off

Ujung Walor (5°14'S., 103°54'E.).

7.24 Anchorage.—The best anchorage off Pasaralas (4°19'S.,

102°45'E.), a small pepper port, is in 22m, mud. In lesser

depths, the ground is foul and rocky.

7.24 Anchorage may be taken in the N part of Teluk Sambat, W

of Aer Sambat (4°48'S., 103°23'E.) off the village of Bintuhan

(Bandar), where there is good shelter from NW and W winds,

in 14.6 to 18.3m, sand and mud bottom. 

7.24 Anchorage can also be taken off Tanjung Linau (4°52'S.,

103°24'E.).

7.24 Anchorage may be taken in Teluk Pugung (5°00'S.,

103°42'E.), in 18.3m, off the village of Penengahan, sheltered

from the swell; however, landing is only practicable during

good weather.

7.24 Anchorage may be taken in Teluk Kroe, between Pulau

Pisang (5°07'S., 103°51'E.) and the coast of Sumatera, sheltered from NW and W winds, in about 14.6 to 31m, sand, E of

the island. 

7.24 Large vessels may anchor about 0.2 mile N of the lighthouse

on Tanjung Salobu (5°11'S., 103°56'E.), in about 11.9m, hard

sand bottom. It is safe in the Southeast Monsoon, being well

sheltered from these winds by the reef off the S of the bay; but

during the Northwest Monsoon there is but little shelter in any

of these bays, and craft must be prepared to leave at any time.

7.24 Anchorage may be obtained in Labuan Topokan (5°16'S.,

103°58'E.), off the village of Pager Dalem, where landing can

always be effected except in strong NW winds.

7.24 Anchorage may be obtained in Teluk Bengkunat (5°37'S.,

104°18'E.) and is really the only good anchorage between

Ujung Walor (5°14'S., 103°54'E.) and Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa, about 57 miles SE.

7.24 Anchorage, though completely exposed to NW winds, may

be taken in Teluk Balimbing, in 7.2m, sand, with Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa Light bearing 192° and the entrance of a river lying about 2 miles NE of the light, bearing 084°.

7.24 Anchorage is available off a village on the NE side of Pulau

Beta Kecil, in depths of 14.6 to 22m.

7.24 Caution.—Off Tanjung Mana (4°29'S., 102°54'E.) during

the East Monsoon period, heavy rollers get up in 7.3m, and a

break may occur in depths of 5.5m after the sea breeze sets in,

thus preventing any communication with the shore. It is therefore not a desirable anchorage. 

Off-lying Islands—Selat Siberut to Selat Sunda 

7.25 The chain of islands that are parallel to the W coast of

Sumatera between Selat Siberut and Selat Sunda, lie off the

coast at a distance of about 60 miles; they are for the most part

unsurveyed.

7.25 Selat Siberut (0°50'S., 98°45'E.), between Pulau Bojo and

Pulau Siberut, is about 21 miles wide. This strait, together with

its dangers therein, is described in paragraph 6.38.

Kepulaun Mentawai (Mentawei Islands) (2°00'S.,

99°30'E.) consists of four large inhabited islands, namely Siberut, Sipura, Pagai Utara, and Pagai Selatan, and of several

smaller islands, which are not inhabited. They are of volcanic

formation and earthquakes occur from time to time. They are

hilly. 

7.25 The temperature and climatic phenomena vary considerably

on the E and W coasts. When the wind is blowing hard from

the W or NW on the W coasts there are sometimes fresh E

winds on the E coasts. There are no definite wet or dry seasons.

The W and NW winds usually bring rain, but the rainfall is also

heavy in the Southeast Monsoon period. At these times the

weather is very variable, and days of rain are succeeded by

bright and clear weather. 

7.25 The E coasts are particularly unhealthful. Discolored water

is often met with off the E coasts of Kepulaun Mentawai, although during surveys of this area no bottom was found with

183m of wire out.

7.25 The villages of Kepulaun Mentawai are small and rarely exceed 100 inhabitants. Siberut, situated on Pulau Siberut, at its

SE end, is the only village of any importance. A Government

official resides here. The inhabitants of the islands live mostly

in the interior as the coastal areas are generally swampy. In language, customs and appearance, the people are unlike those of

Sumatera and their origin is uncertain. They are very primitive

and wear little clothing. Both sexes are generously tatooed.

The people are peaceful and honest, but very shy. 
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 81

Pub. 174

Pulau Siberut

7.26 Pulau Siberut (1°20'S., 99°50'E.) is about 60 miles in

length and from 15 to 24 miles in breadth. It is the northernmost large island of Kepulaun Mentawai.

7.26 It is a fairly high island, wooded, without any conspicuous

points, and with low stretches of foreshore which the constant

accumulation of stone deposits have formed. These flat stretches along the coast are covered by the rising tide and farther inland become extended marshes which dry sufficiently to be

walked over after persistent droughts, but which are submerged

in the rainy season. 

7.26 The E coast is almost entirely overgrown with mangroves

and has a few sandy beaches. The W and S coasts are nearly all

sandy beaches, on which there is a constantly breaking surf,

making landing difficult. 

7.26 All the rivers of any importance discharge on the east coast

and have bars at their mouths. They are passable only to boats.

7.26 Several small islands lie close to the coast on the E side; others interspersed with shoals lie off the SW and S sides.

7.26 The N coast of Pulau Siberut forms the S side of Selat Siberut. It is low but covered with tall trees.

7.26 Tanjung Siopa (0°59'S., 98°40'E.), the NW extremity, is a

rocky point, from which a sandy beach, fronted by a reef to a

distance of 0.3 mile, trends NE to the double point Tanjung

Amongorun (Boompjeshoek) (0°57'S., 98°43'E.), a distance

of 3 miles. A conspicuous white rock, located on the W head of

Tanjung Amongorun, is visible from some distance N. With the

exception of Tanjung Amongorun, the whole shore is sandy. 

7.26 Tanjung Sigep (0°54'S., 98°54'E.), the E extremity, is low

and thickly wooded.

7.26 Anchorage may be taken anywhere in Selat Siberut, in moderate depths, sand, from 1 to 2 miles off the N coast of Pulau

Siberut.

7.26 Directions.—A course may be steered by day along the N

coast of Pulau Siberut by passing 2 miles N of Tanjung Amongorun and 1 mile N of Tanjung Sigep.

7.26 By night, vessels approaching from the W should steer for

the light of Pulau Bodjo (0°38'S., 98°31'E.) and then pass S of

it at a distance of 2 miles. Then bring the light to bear 276°

and, while steering 096°, use it as a stern mark. From the E,

steer for the light bearing 276°.

7.26 Caution.—A bank, with general depths of under 37m, extends for a distance of 14 miles from the N end of Pulau Siberut halfway across the strait and has a breadth of 12 miles.

7.26 Vessels from Padang or elsewhere passing W through Selat

Siberut in thick weather may be affected by a cross current

whose directions can not be given, but they usually follow that

of the wind, with the consequence that a vessel may be swept

onto the shoals on the ridge. The lead should be used constant

use until the position of the vessel is assured.

7.26 There are a number of islets and reefs lying 1 to 1.5 miles

offshore between Tanjung Sigep and Tabekat Bay.

7.27 Labuan Badjau (0°56'S., 98°55'E.), close S of Tanjung Sigep, is deep but the entrance to the inner part is very difficult due to reefs, difficult to distinguish, and nearly drying at

LW. 

7.27 Anchorage, sheltered from W winds, for vessels with local

knowledge, is available, in a depth of about 46m, with Pulau

Masien, a low and wooded islet lying 4 miles SE of Tanjung

Sigep, bearing about 128°. 

7.27 Anchorage is also possible, with local knowledge, about 0.7

mile S of Pulau Masien, in a depth of 11m, with the S entrance

point of Labuan Badjau and Tanjung Sigep in line bearing 321°.

7.27 Tabekat Bay (1°03'S., 98°57'E.) lies about 6 miles SE of Labuan Badjau. Tabekat, 285m high, is the highest hill on the NE

part of the island and lies close W of the bay. 

7.27 Anchorage may be obtained, in 14.6 to 18.3m, in the S basin

of the bay.

7.27 Approaching the N entrance of the bay, steer for Tabekat in

range with the S extremity of Pulau Umana (1°03'S.,

98°57'E.) bearing 283° until Pulau Karang (1°01'S., 98°57'E.)

comes into range with the sand cay about 1 mile S of it, bearing

339°. 

7.27 A course of 260° should then be steered between the drying

reef S of Pulau Umana and the drying spot on the N end of Pulau Langeirak (1°04'S., 98°57'E.). This passage is about 0.3

mile wide and the reefs on either side are steep-to. 

7.27 When the whole of Pulau Limo (1°05'S., 98°57'E.) is open

W of Pulau Langeirak, a vessel may anchor or proceed into

Tabekat Bay, keeping along the coast of Pulau Langeirak to

avoid the spit off the mouth of the river and anchor as desirable. Approaching the S entrance of the bay is not recommended.

7.27 Ujung Sikabalun (1°07'S., 99°00'E.), about 4.5 miles SE of

Tabekat Bay, is very conspicuous from the N as well as from

the S. The long row of high casuarina trees suddenly ends N of

it and the mangroves that border S. A large house, which is

very conspicuous, stands among several smaller houses in the

vicinity of the point. 

7.27 Anchorage may be obtained under the shore of the point, in a

depth of about 27m.

7.28 Telok Silogui (1°14'S., 99°02'E.) lies about 7 miles

SSE of Ujung Sikabalun. It is about 1 mile long, E and W, and

the entrance about 0.8 mile wide; it has general depths of 33 to

51m. A reef, with a depth of 2.3m, steep-to, lies in the entrance

about 0.5 mile S of the N entrance point. The Silogui River discharges into this bay. Anchorage may be obtained off the

mouth of the river, in 36.5m.

7.28 Telok Sipompong (1°17'S., 99°04'E.), about 5 miles SSE of

Telok Silogui is about 1 mile long. 

7.28 Off the entrance is the low, overgrown island, Tabanan

(1°17'S., 99°05'E.), which, if entering the bay, is best left to the

N. A conspicuous hill, rising to a height of 260m, lies about 4

miles W of Teluk Sipompong; the S summit of the hill is a

sharp cone.

7.28 Saibi Road (1°20'S., 99°07'E.) lies about 4 miles SSE of Telok Sipompong. 

7.28 To the W of Pulau Panjang Saibi (1°22'S., 99°07'E.), which

has a peculiarly-shaped shallow cove with a narrow entrance, is

a well-sheltered anchorage. The island may be passed on either

side.

7.28 Off the village of Maara Saibi (Muarasaibi) (1°20'S.,

99°05'E.), where there is a settlement of traders, is a wide,

steep-to bank of mud and sand. 

7.28 Small vessels may obtain anchorage on the E point of the

bank, in a depth of 9.1m.

7.28 Gosong Saibi di Tangah (1°19'S., 99°06'E.), located in Sai-
82 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

bi Road, is reported visible. 

7.29 Kasih Gosong Saibi (1°20'S., 99°07'E.), also located

in the roads, is a drying reef with a sand patch; it was formerly

an overgrown island.

Telok Saribua (Teluk Sarabua) (1°29'S., 99°09'E.) indents

the coast about 6 miles in a NW direction, with the depths and

width decreasing regularly. 

7.29 The bay affords sheltered anchorage for vessels with local

knowledge.

Laki Laki (Gunung Lagilagi) (1°26'S., 99°09'E.) rises near

the coast to a height of 198m, it is conspicuous from both N

and S.

7.29 Teluk Simalepet (1°34'S., 99°12'E.) affords a sheltered anchorage behind Pulau Simalepet in very bad weather. The N

entrance is clear and safe. The S entrance is narrow. On the S

side of the bay are two small mangrove islands, each surrounded by a reef.

Siberut Bay (Teluk Siberut) (1°36'S., 99°14'E.) may be recognized from a considerable distance by a gap between two

ridges of hills located behind the bay. 

7.29 The town of Muarasiberut (Siberut) is the headquarters of

the Government Official of Kepulauan Mentawai subdivision. 

7.29 Anchorage, sheltered from all winds except those between N

through E, is available behind Ujung Sikabai, the S entrance

point of the bay.

7.29 A vessel approaching anchorage in Teluk Siberut should

steer for the N side of the gap in the hills behind the town,

bearing about 211°; when abeam of Kasih di Tengah, keep the

pier head in line with the light green tree on the same bearing,

which will lead into the anchorage.

7.30 From Ujung Sikabai (1°36'S., 99°15'E.), the coast

trends SE for about 3 miles to Ujung Pinang Pinang (Ujung

Rugurugut) (1°38'S., 99°17'E.), about 1 mile S of which is the

entrance to Teluk Pinang Pinang. The latter is clear, affords

sheltered anchorage to vessels with local knowledge, and can

be entered without difficulty.

7.30 Between Ujung Sikabai and Ujung Sibajau (Tanjung Sibajau) (1°45'S., 99°17'E.), about 10 miles SSE, are several bays

which can best be seen on the chart. Ujung Sibajau, the N entrance point of Telok Katurei, has some high trees. 

7.30 Gosong Sibabui, a sunken coral reef marked by discoloration, lies from about 0.4 to 0.7 mile SE of Pulau Sibabui

(1°44'S., 99°18'E.).

Telok Katurei (Teluk Katorai) (1°45'S., 99°15'E.) is limited

to the S by two islands. Off the entrance are a few reefs which

make entry more difficult, but they are, however, usually

marked by rollers or breakers. The bay penetrates deeply into

the land in a N direction; about 5 miles within the entrance the

bay is divided into two arms.

7.30 To enter Telok Katurei, it is easiest and safest to enter by

steering 270° for Ujung Sibajau and then shaping a course to

pass just S of the reef extending about 0.7 mile WSW from this

point. This reef may always be distinguished and nearly dries.

When farther inside, keep along the E side of the channel; that

is, close along the islands. Vessels of light draft may go into the

inner reach of the bay. 

7.30 To the W and just N of Masehee Island (1°43'S., 99°15'E.),

the channel is difficult on account of the shoal depth and the

drying reef S of Ujung Masipehe (1°41'S., 99°14'E.). There is

always a little current setting out from the bay. 

7.30 Coming from the S, the channel W of Siloina (1°47'S.,

99°17'E.) is not advisable on account of the reef located SSE

from it, which can be distinguished only on very rare occasions. The 3.2m reef S of the above is never seen.

7.31 The S and W coasts of Pulau Siberut are densely overgrown. In the morning, a thick mist hangs over the shore.

7.31 Near the SE end of Pulau Siberut are four large islands, as

well as several smaller islands; all are uninhabited. 

Pulau Karangmajat (Pulau Karamajet) (1°55'S., 99°18'E.),

the S island, has a hill 41m high in the center with dark high

trees, and is one of the few landmarks visible from Selat Bungalaut (1°55'S., 99°25'E.); on the SE point of the island are

some dead trees. There are always heavy breakers on the S and

W coasts.

7.31 Pulau Botiek (1°53'S., 99°16'E.), 1 mile NW of Pulau

Karangmajat, is low and overgrown; on the shallowest patches

of the reef on the W side of the island, there are usually rollers

or breakers. 

Pulau Mainu (Simaimu) (1°51'S., 99°18'E.), about 2 miles

NE of Pulau Botiek, is low with high trees; there are dead trees

on the E end, at which the sea always breaks. 

Pulau Masokut (Nyang Nyang) (1°51'S., 99°14'E.), the

largest of the four large islands and of which Ujung Pulanggajet (1°51'S., 99°14'E.) is the SW end, lies 1.25 miles NW of

Pulau Mainu; the SW end of the island is overgrown with dark,

high trees and the sea always breaks on this point.

7.31 There is somewhat sheltered anchorage in a bay that indents

the S coast of Pulau Masokut; anchorage may be taken, in

18.3m, SE of Muara Masausuh, a river that empties into the

bay.

Telok Taileleo (Teluk Taileleu) (1°48'S., 99°11'E.), on the S

coast, is clear and shoals regularly, but one is not sheltered

against the swell which trends around. 

Pulau Koraniki (Pulau Dodiki) (1°50'S., 99°08'E.) lies 2

miles S in the bay. There is a small settlement at the W end of

the bay; the village of Taileleo (1°45'S., 99°08'E.) is situated

about 2 miles N of it.

7.32 Tobow (1°47'S., 99°07'E.), a hill, rises to the W of Teluk Taileleo and is conspicuous from Selat Bungkalaut.

7.32 Pulau Koraniki, Pulau Ngiau (Si Nyau Nyau) (1°52'S.,

99°05'E.), and Pulau Jujuat (1°48'S., 99°02'E.) are low,

densely overgrown, and uninhabited islands.

Selat Bungalaut (Seaflower Channel) (1°55'S., 99°25'E.) is

formed between the islands off the S side of Pulau Siberut and

Pulau Sipura. The channel is deep and about 15 miles wide. It

is clear of dangers except for a 11m patch, which is not marked

by discoloration, and located about 2 miles NW of Pulau Pototogat (2°01'S., 99°33'E.). There is no suitable anchorage in the

channel.

7.32 A current setting to the E at the rate of 2 knots has been reported in Selat Bungalaut at 1 hour 30 minutes after HWS

tides.

7.32 Due to the mud carried into the sea by the rivers, the sea

along the W and S coasts of Pulau Siberut is not clear and the

reefs are not marked by discolored water, although they are

marked by rollers or breakers, this being dependent upon the
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 83

Pub. 174

direction and height of the swell. 

7.32 The rock 1 mile S of Pulau Koranik (1°50'S., 99°08'E.) is

always marked by heavy breakers. 

7.32 At the larger rivers, and also at Simalubek (1°37'S.,

98°50'E.) and Kali Simatalu (1°27'S., 98°45'E.), but especially from Kali Simaleki (1°09'S., 98°38'E.) to near the N coast

of Pulau Siberut, there are frequently strong discolorations

caused by the river water.

7.33 Tanjung Simansih (1°41'S., 98°52'E.) lies 18 miles

WNW of the W entrance point of Telok Taileleo. 

7.33 Both points are low and projecting, are overgrown with casuarina trees, and always stand out from a distance.

7.33 On the steep coast N of Tanjung Simansih are a few white

and yellow spots, a result of slides of rocks and trees which

have carried with them the vegetation, either completely or in

parts. New patches appear from time to time and old spots become less prominent.

7.33 At Kali Simatalu (1°27'S., 98°45'E.), about 11 miles NW of

Tanjung Simasuket, is a gap plainly visible when abeam.

7.33 Tetekuku (1°33'S., 98°50'E.), a fairly conspicuous hill rising

to a height of 375m, stands about 7 miles SE of Kali Simatalu.

7.33 Tanjung Sakaladat (1°12'S., 98°35'E.) is the W extremity

of Pulau Siberut. A cone-shaped hill rises to a height of 406m

about 10 miles ENE of the point. A 246m hill and a 298m hill

lie 6 and 17 miles, respectively, SE of Tanjung Sakaladat.

7.33 At Kali Simaleki (1°09'S., 98°38'E.) is a rocky headland;

the sea breaks heavily on a rock off this headland.

7.33 Chinambeleo (1°07'S., 98°39'E.) is a conspicuous 145m

high hill rising about 6 miles NE of Tanjung Sakaladat. About

2.2 miles N of Chinambeleo is a 186m high hill that is also

conspicuous, especially when viewed from the N.

7.33 A depth of 24m lies about 7 miles WNW Tanjung Sakaladat.

7.34 Pulau Sipura (Pulau Sipora) (2°10'S., 99°38'E.) is a

densely overgrown island; the W coast is low, with numerous

bays. The ridges of hills are not high and present no conspicuous landmarks; the S point of the island is low.

Siburu Bay (Teluk Siburu) (2°01'S., 99°35'E.) is formed by

the N coast of Pulau Sipura and Pulau Siburu, Simakakak, and

Pototogat. There are a few low hills on the islands. The depths

in the bay range from 37 to 73m over a sandy bottom. The bay

affords good anchorage, sheltered from swell and all winds, for

vessels with local knowledge.

7.34 In navigating the E entrance of the bay S of Pulau Siburu,

care must be taken to avoid the reefs extending S of the island.

Reefs are also located NW of a line joining the SE points of

Pototogat and Pulau Siburu.

7.34 To the SE of Siburu Bay, for a distance of about 7 miles, the

coast forms deep, narrow inlets, which are not inhabited.

Siuban Bay (Teluk Siuban) (2°11'S., 99°43'E.) is the only

bay of importance on the E coast. A detachment of armed police is encamped here and this bay is the greatest shipping point

for coconuts. The bay is clear and is easily navigated without

aids. The S side may be recognized from a considerable distance on account of the cleared tongue of land on which the police camp buildings are situated. In the inner part of the bay is a

landing pier for small vessels.

Telok Semebai (Teluk Simabai) (2°17'S., 99°47'E.), about 7

miles SE of Siuban Bay, is easily navigated. Near the middle of

the bay is a small drying sandbank which may be passed on either side. To the S of this bank, the bottom is mud and the

depths from 18.3 to 37m.

Tanjung Kinapet (Tanjung Batu Kinapat) (2°24'S.,

99°51'E.) is the S point of Pulau Sipura and is fringed by a narrow reef.

7.35 Teluk Siberimanua (2°08'S., 99°33'E.) indents the W

coast of Pulau Sipura in a SE direction; it has a good anchorage

ground. 

7.35 The bay is sheltered by Pulau Pitoyat (2°08'S., 99°31'E.),

which is low and thickly wooded, and another island on the

same reef lying to the NW.

Pulau Noko Pulau (Muko) (2°13'S., 99°32'E.), a low and

densely overgrown island, lies about 5 miles S of Pulau

Pitoyat; it is separated from the shore by a clear passage with a

least depth of 12.8m in the middle.

7.35 Simailipit (2°14'S., 99°35'E.) and Trait are two deep bays

SE of Pulau Noko. The depths decrease regularly and the

coastal reef in each bay always breaks, so that they may be entered without difficulty. The vessel, however, is apt to roll considerably, as there is no shelter against the prevailing SW swell.

7.35 Pulau Siduamata (2°22'S., 99°43'E.), about 7 miles W of

Tanjung Kinapet, is low and densely overgrown. Off the SW

and SE sides is a fairly broad fringing reef. There is a small bay

on the N coast where the Malay traders load produce. 

7.35 There is a depth of 12.8m through the channel between Pulau Siduamata and Pulau Sipura. 

7.35 Under the shore of Sipura, NW of Pulau Siduamata, is Tobo

(2°20'S., 99°43'E.).

7.36 Selat Sipura (Sipora Strait) (2°30'S., 99°50'E.) is

about 10 miles wide between the S extremity of Pulau Sipura

and the N extremity of Pulau Pagai Utara. The ridge on which

Kepulaun Mentawai lies is about 8 miles wide between the

200m curves and is steeper on the NE side than on the SW.

Generally speaking, the highest part of the ridge has depths of

from 37 to 55m.

7.36 On the E side of Pulau Sipura the current was reported setting to the SSE between the N end of the island and Selat Sipura from 1 hour before LW to 3 hours before HW; the current

was setting W between the S extremity of Pulau Sipura and

the N extremity (2°30'S., 100°00'E.) of Pulau Pagai Utara from

3 hours to 1 hour before HW.

7.37 Pulau Setan (1°58'S., 99°34'E.) consists of several

small, steep rocks. About 1 mile NW of Pototogat is a coral

shoal with a least depth of 11m; this shoal is not marked by discoloration.

7.37 A reef, with a depth of 4.6m, lies about 3 miles ESE of the

SE end of Pulau Siburu (1°59'S., 99°35'E.).

7.37 Three drying patches, the middle of which is a sand cay and

visible at HW, lie about 3 miles SE of the S entrance point of

Telok Semebai (2°17'S., 99°47'E.).

7.37 About 2 miles N of Pitoyat (2°08'S., 99°31'E.) and about 1

mile offshore is a shoal with a least depth of 6.4m; there is a

clear channel into Teluk Siberimanua on either side of Pitoyat.

7.37 A ridge with depths under 18.3m extends to the NW from

Pulau Noko (2°13'S., 99°32'E.) up to a distance of 1.5 miles. 

7.37 A detached patch with a depth of 16.5m is located about 2
84 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

miles SW of the island.

7.37 In Selat Sipura, a shoal, with a least depth of 11m and about

1 mile in extent, lies about 4 miles W of the N end of Pulau Pagai Utara; otherwise the strait is clear of any known dangers.

Simangkocho (Gunung Simakoyo) (2°19'S., 99°47'E.), a

plain, solitary cone, rises to a height of 234m about 6 miles

NNW of the SE end of Pulau Sipura. 

7.37 When viewed from the NW and SE this hill appears as a

sharp cone; from the NE and SW it is not so sharp, but well-defined on account of the surrounding low land. It is also visible

from the W coast.

7.37 A 313m high hill stands on the NE coast of Pulau Sipura,

about 7 miles SE of Pulau Siburu; when seen from the N or SE,

it appears as a level ridge extending in an E and W direction.

Along the E coast, close behind the beach, are many small

hills. 

Kepulauan Pagai

7.38 These two islands, Pulau Pagai Utara and Pulau Pagai

Selatan, are separated by the deep and narrow Sikakap Strait.

7.38 When passing down the E coasts of Pulau Pagai Utara and

Pulau Pagai Selatan at an average distance of 3 miles from the

shore, no current was found on ebb tide. After LW at Selat

Sipura, a N current was experienced for 4 hours, running at a

rate of 3.5 knots.

Pulau Pagai Utara (North Pagi) (2°40'S., 100°05'E.) is

hilly, but the peaks are difficult to distinguish. The hilly land

lies in the middle of the island and extends in a NW and SE direction. The coast is flat practically throughout. Only the N

part of the W coast is hilly and rocky in places; the SW, S, and

E coasts are low and marshy. The island is fringed by a very

narrow coast reef and the 20m curve runs close along the shore.

Taluung Simapinang (Pinang Pinang) (2°30'S., 100°00'E.),

the NE point of the island, is overgrown with casuarina trees

and stands out sharply. The entire E coast is low and marshy

with few coves and heights.

7.38 Saumanganyo Road (2°36'S., 100°07'E.) is located about

10 miles SE of Tanjung Simapinang.

7.38 Tanjung Simatobe (2°39'S., 100°10'E.) lies about 4 miles

SE of Saumanganyo Road; the entrance to Selat Sikakap lies

about 8 miles further SE.

7.38 Tanjung Takarimau (2°34'S., 99°58'E.), on the W coast of

the island, is a rocky point. 

7.39 Tanjung Sigogoa (2°37'S., 99°58'E.) stands out

sharply as a steep, solitary rock which is connected to the shore

by a narrow tongue of land. Batu Malai indents the coast between the two points.

7.39 Si Labulabu Bay (2°45'S., 99°59'E.) indents the coast about

8 miles S of Tanjung Tumale; it is most easily entered by passing N of Si Labulabu Gedang and then continuing to the anchorage NE or E of Silabulabu Kechil, the narrow channel

between the two islands, which has depths of 10.5 to 17.8m.

Betumonga Bay (Teluk Betumongo) (2°49'S., 100°00'E.) to

the S of Si Labulabu Bay, and Sabeo Guguk (2°50'S.,

100°03'E.), on the S coast of the island, are both clear but open

to SW swell.

Sikakap Strait (Selat Sikakap) (2°48'S., 100°10'E.) separates Pulau Pagai Utara and Pulau Pagai Selatan. In the middle

of the E entrance is the island of Tonggo (2°47'S., 100°14'E.),

which, although hilly, with a conspicuous tree in the middle, is

difficult to distinguish from the offing against the shore behind

it. The passage S of this island reportedly could not be used. 

7.39 The E part of the strait, about 0.2 mile wide, is deep and

clear, with hilly and densely-overgrown shores. 

7.39 In the W entrance of the strait are the islands of Nusa (Siruso) (2°51'S., 100°08'E.), Siopa Besar, and Siopa Kechil; Nusa

is marked by a light.

7.39 Tides—Currents.—Along the N coast of Pulau Pagai Utara,

in the vicinity of position 2°30'S, 99°54'E, a current with a velocity of 1.5 knots is occasionally encountered, probably

caused by irregular depths.

7.39 In Selat Sipura, there is seldom more than a 2 knot current,

even at springs; the current changes at the times of HW and

LW.

7.40 Si Jau Jau (2°31'S., 100°03'E.) and Kiki (2°33'S.,

100°04'E.) are the largest of some low sand banks lying about

1 mile offshore and 3 to 5 miles SE of Tanjung Simapinang.

Vessels should keep outside of them as there are several shoals

between them and the shore.

7.40 A 5.5m patch lies in Saumanganyo Road, about 0.5 mile N

from the N end of Saumanganyo Islet (2°36'S., 100°07'E.); a

reef with a depth of 1.4m lies about 0.2 mile SSW from the

same point. A group of shoals lies about 2 miles N of Tonggo.

7.40 Togut (2°46'S., 100°12'E.) rises to a height of 243m, close to

the N shore of the E entrance to Selat Sikakap; it is an excellent

landmark from any place on the E coast.

7.40 A small hill with a conspicuous tree on Siopa Besar

(2°53'S., 100°10'E.), and the 315m hill, also with a conspicuous tree, on Pulau Pagai Selatan are good landmarks when approaching Selat Sikakap from the W.

7.40 Anchorage.—Good anchorage can be obtained between Si

Jau Jau and Kiki, lying about 1.2 miles SE. Vessels should

keep outside of them as there are several shoals between them

and the shore.

7.40 Si Labulabu Bay (2°45'S., 99°59'E.) affords a calm anchorage.

7.41 Pulau Pagai Selatan (South Pagi) (3°00'S.,

100°20'E.) is also hilly, especially in the N part, and presents

the appearance of a high dune landscape. 

7.41 The ridge, about 368m high, which practically extends

across the island and slopes toward the sea E of Bitojat Besar,

is conspicuous from the NW as well as from the SE. The ridge

is nearly as flat as a table. 

7.41 The hill, 315m high, with a conspicuous tree, is conspicuous

from the W, N, and E. 

7.41 The hills located on the S promontory are detached and visible from the W coast as well as from the E coast.

7.41 The islands near the W coast are all low, densely overgrown,

and uninhabited. The two N islands, Bitojat Besar (Pulau Pitojetsabeu) (3°01'S., 100°09'E.) and Bitojat Kechil, close E, are

separated by a narrow channel with a depth of 9.1m in midchannel.

7.41 Pulau Sibigau (3°04'S., 100°11'E.), about 2 miles SE of Bitojat Besar, and on which there is a conspicuous tree, is connected to Pulau Pagi Selatan by a ridge with less than 18.3m of

water. 
Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 85

Pub. 174

7.41 On this ridge is the island of Ragi (3°03'S., 100°13'E.),

which is fringed by a wide coastal reef. Elsewhere the depths

are not less than 11m.

7.42 Tanjung Beritarikap (Bio) (3°21'S., 100°27'E.), the

S end of Pulau Pagai Selatan, is a tongue of land about 2 miles

wide on which there is nearly always heavy breakers. On the E

side of this land, close under the shore, are several islands

which, from seaward, are difficult to distinguish from the

coast.

Veeckens Bay (Teluk Veeckens) (3°10'S., 100°27'E.) is spacious and formed between the coast of Pulau Pagi Selatan and

a group of low islands, all of which are densely overgrown and

uninhabited. The depths in the bay range from 26 to 55m, sand

and mud, but one may pass deep into the NW part of the bay,

between the islands, in depths not less than 14.6m. Shoals and

rocks are easily distinguished so that navigation presents no

difficulty.

Pulau Taitaitanopo (Tinopo) (3°10'S., 100°30'E.) lies on

the E side of Teluk Taitaitanopo, and Pulau Siumang (Saumang) (3°14'S., 100°31'E.) lies about 2 miles to the S. 

Pulau Simonga (Simungguk) (3°16'S., 100°34'E.) lies about

2.7 miles SE of Pulau Siumang.

Tanjung Laggaisao (Sibelua) (3°01'S., 100°28'E.) about 8

miles N of Veeckens Bay, stands out sharply, and from the S

and N is made conspicuous by an obliquely overhanging tree. 

7.42 About 1 mile S of this point is a cove about 1 mile in length,

which is foul with rocks and islets.

7.43 Labajau (3°05'S., 100°28'E.) lies close to the coast

about 4 miles S of Tanjung Laggaisao; it is fringed by a reef on

its E side.

7.43 The coast N of Tanjung Laggaisao is low with a few small

hills in the interior. Farther N the coast is hilly and in some

places rocky, with plantations here and there on the slopes and

some villages by the rivulets. About 4 miles SE of the entrance

to Selat Sikakap the coast line becomes irregular, and there are

many small islets, of which the outer and larger are known as

Si Jau Jau (2°46'S., 100°17'E.). The passage between these islands and the coast is not navigable.

7.44 Selat Sanding (Sanding Strait) (3°25'S., 100°35'E.),

between the S end of Pulau Pagai Selatan and Pulau Sanding,

is clear, 12 miles wide, with depths of 37 to 82m. The only obstructions are Europa Reef and some rocks extending from the

N side of Pulau Sanding.

7.44 Pulau Sanding (3°28'S., 100°39'E.), the southwesternmost

of Kepulaun Mentawai and lying about 13 miles SE of Pulau

Pagai Selatan, is low and densely overgrown. It is inhabited by

a few Malays who gather coconuts. The coastal reef is very

narrow along the S and W coasts; it is about 3 miles wide on

the N side of the island. The entire edge of the coastal reef, except on the SW side, is lined with small, overgrown islets.

7.44 A wreck, best seen on the chart, lies 6 miles NE of Pulau

Sanding on the 50 fauthom line.

7.44 Stupai Islet (3°27'S., 100°41'E.), NE of Pulau Sanding, is the

largest. A channel in the coastal reef, W of this island, forms a

good but narrow road for small vessels. The island on the NW

point of the coastal reef is difficult to distinguish from the shore.

7.44 Between Libuat Island (3°07'S., 100°14'E.) and Silau Island, about 6 miles SE, is a reef on which the sea always

breaks; it lies about 2 miles SE of Libuat Island. 

7.44 The reef between Silau Island and Pulau Sibarubaru (Si

Baru Baru) (3°17'S., 100°20'E.) is also nearly always marked

by breakers.

7.45 Si Jau Jau (3°09'S., 100°31'E.), lying E of the N end

of Pulau Taitaitanopo (Tinopo), has reefs extending about 0.3

mile N and about 0.375 mile S from it. A 5.5m patch lies about

1 mile SSE of the S extremity of the island, with a 9.1m patch

between. 

7.45 There are also two patches with depths of 3.7 and 5.5m N of

Si Jau Jau.

7.45 Pulau Simonga (Simungguk), S of Pulau Taitaitanopo,

should not be approached closer than 2 miles on the SW side as

there are frequently rollers which would indicate that the depth

is less than 5.5m. 

7.45 The reefs NW and SE of Pulau Simonga have depths less

than about 3.7m and are frequently marked by rollers or breakers.

7.45 A rock, which dries, lies about 0.45 mile E of Labajau; another rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, lies about 0.2 mile S

of Labajau. Another rock, which dries, lies about 2 miles E of

the S extremity of Labajau.

7.45 Europa Reef (3°31'S., 100°33'E.), which breaks, lies about

4.2 miles WSW of Pulau Sanding and consists of two detached

patches separated by deep water. 

7.45 From the highest point of Sanding, the two patches bear 255°

and 245°, respectively, from the summit on the S end of Pulau

Pagai Selatan, they bear 147°. These patches are frequently

marked by rollers or breakers, and the least depth is probably

not more than 7.3m.

7.45 Directions.—Veeckens Bay is most easily and safely entered

from the S. The channel depth ranges from about 18.3 to 37m.

7.45 The bay is also easily reached from Tinopo Strait (3°08'S.,

100°29'E.), but the E side of this strait should be avoided. By

steering 216° through the middle of the strait, one passes between the drying reef E of Labajau and the 5.5m shoal N of Si

Jau Jau. 

7.45 One may also make Tanjung Laggaisao (Sibelua) and then

steer close under the shore through the strait, avoiding a drying

rock E of Labajau. The reefs in this vicinity are not very well

marked by discolored water.

7.45 Tio Bay (Teluk Tiop) (3°13'S., 100°21'E.), E of Silau Island,

affords good anchorage, sheltered against ocean swell, for vessels with local knowledge.

7.45 Veeckens Bay offers a safe anchorage, but as all islands are

infested with mosquitoes, it is not advisable to anchor close under the shore.

7.45 Pulau Mega (4°00'S., 101°02'E.), lying about 38 miles SE

of Pulau Sanding, is 2 miles in length and surrounded by a reef 

7.45 It is low and densely overgrown, and should be visible for a

distance of about 15 miles in clear weather.

7.45 Anchorage may be taken, in 22m, sand and coral, about 0.5

mile off the E coast of the island, with the extremities of the island bearing 225° and 315°.

7.46 Pulau Enggano (Engano) (Telanjang) (5°23'S.,

102°15'E.), the southernmost of the large islands fronting the

W coast of Sumatera, lies about 60 miles W of Sumatera. Pulau
86 Sector 7. West Coast of Sumatera—Udjung Tuan to Tanjung Balimbingpamancasa 

Pub. 174

Enggano is about 20 miles long and about 10 miles wide.

A range of hills runs through the island from NW to SE. The

hills extend down to the sea along the SW and S but the island

is lower and more level toward the NW and NE sides. It is

densely wooded, unbroken by a field of grass or a trace of cultivation; it can not be said to have a beach, as the trees reach to

and overhang it. A quantity of coconut trees are seen along the

coasts; the sea breaks furiously on the drying coral reefs which

fringe the island.

There are heavy breakers on the reefs even in the calmest

weather. The island forms part of Benkulen Province.

7.46 Teluk Enggano (Engano Bay) (5°28'S., 102°24'E.), the principal anchorage, is on the E side of the island, and has in its entrance three small islands surrounded by reefs, which always

break heavily. 

7.46 Pulau Dua (5°27'S., 102°24'E.) is inhabited and covered

with trees; except for a small opening on the W side, it is surrounded by a coral reef of considerable extent, partly dry at

LW, but having depths of 7.3 to 18.3m close-to. 

7.46 Marbau, an island about 2 miles S of Pulau Dua is also covered with trees and surrounded by a reef, which on the W side

extends but a short distance. 

7.46 There is a deep, narrow passage apparently between the reef

off the S side of Marbau and the reef which extends SE of Tanjung Kahoabi (5°29'S., 102°23'E.). 

7.46 Bangkei, the middle island of the three and the smallest, is

conspicuous from the sea, having a high sandy beach, with a

tuft of trees near the center. It is located on the outer detached

reef which lies off Eumo Point (5°27'S., 102°23'E.), the NE

point of Telok Kiowa, a deep cove in the S part of Teluk Enggano. 

7.46 A 3.2m patch lies about 0.5 mile NE of Bangkei and a 3.7m

patch lies about 0.2 mile N of Bangkei.

7.46 The coastal reef on the NW side of Pulau Dua is extending to

the NW. Telok Labuho, uninhabited, lies within Tanjung Labuho (5°31'S., 102°17'E.).

7.46 On the SW side of Pulau Enggano, there is a small bay between Pulau Satu (5°28'S., 102°14'E.) and the shore.

7.46 At Tanjung Kioyo (5°25'S., 102°12'E.), about 4 miles NNW

of Pulau Satu, the coastal reef extends in a rocky spit and forms

a deep cove.

7.46 Tanjung Kooma (5°21'S., 102°06'E.), the W extremity of

Pulau Enggano, lies about 8 miles NW of Tanjung Kioyo.

7.47 Tanjung Lakoaha (5°17'S., 102°10'E.), the N extremity of the island, lies about 6 miles NE of Tanjung Kooma. 

7.47 The coast reef along the NE coast is narrow; the sea bottom

is steep-to and clear, except at Malakoni, where close under the

shore there are a few detached rocks and shoals. 

7.47 Malakoni (5°21'S., 102°17'E.) is the principal settlement of

Pulau Enggano. It is situated about 9 miles ESE of Tanjung Lakoaha. It is a port of call for local steamers and a Native Administrator resides here; a light is shown from Malakoni.

7.47 Two detached reefs, with depths of 4.1 and 4.6m, lie about

0.5 mile SW of Pulau Dua. In the channel N and W of Pulau

Dua other shoal patches exist. A depth of 11m was reported to

lie about 0.6 mile N of the W end of Pulo Pulau.

7.47 A 16m patch lies about 4 miles S of Tanjung Kahoabi

(5°29'S., 102°23'E.).

7.47 Black Rock (5°31'S., 102°16'E.), 2.4m high, lies about 0.5

mile off Tanjung Labuho, the S point of Pulau Enggano. About

2 miles SE of the same point are some shoal patches with a

least depth of 3.5m.

7.47 For navigation around Pulau Enggano at greater distances,

the hilltops of the main chains are sufficiently good objects for

bearings. 

7.47 Buabua (5°25'S., 102°17'E.), 281m high, is the highest and

most conspicuous. 

7.48 Nanuua (5°27'S., 102°20'E.), 195m high, on account

of its saddle shape, is also fairly conspicuous from the NE, W,

and SW. The 107m hill on the SE point stands out sharply

above the low, sloping promontory. 

7.48 Anchorage.—In Teluk Enggano, the best anchorage is 327°,

distant about 0.3 mile, from the W point of Pulau Dua, in 26m,

sand. There is also anchorage between Marbau and Bangkei, in

16.5 to 33m, sand, NW of Marbau; both these are fairly-sheltered anchorages. 

7.48 Anchorage can also be obtained,in about 20m, NW of Pulau

Dua, with the conspicuous 107m high hill, located about 2

miles W of Tanjung Kahoabi, bearing 219° and the N tip of Pulau Dua bearing 105°.

7.48 There is anchorage in a small bay between Pulau Satu and

the shore for small craft, in about 14.6m, sand, with the S end

of the island bearing 281°, distant 0.3 mile.

7.48 Directions.—To approach Teluk Enggano, steer 248° N of

Pulau Dua and anchor as directed above.

7.49 Barohia Anchorage (5°18'S., 102°08'E.), a little W

of the N point of Pulau Enggano, is a narrow inlet in the fringing reef, extending E and W nearly 0.8 mile and having in midchannel a depth of 11 to 14.6m, except near the head, where

there are shallow patches near the landing place. This anchorage is not safe in the West Monsoon period.

7.49 Excellent anchorage is obtained off the settlement of Malakoni (5°21'S., 102°17'E.). Vessels are advised to veer about

24m of cable and to steer 235° towards the mouth of the river,

continuing on that course until the anchor holds. The mouth of

the river is easily distinguished.
87

Pub. 174

8. 

East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait via 

Outer and Inner Routes

8.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 8 — CHART INFORMATION
89

Pub. 174

SECTOR 8 

EAST COAST OF SUMATERA—SELAT BANGKA TO SINGAPORE STRAIT VIA OUTER AND 

INNER ROUTES

8.0 Plan.—Selat Bangka (Banka Strait) to Singapore Strait is

described, first via the Outer Route and then via Selat Riau (Riouw Strait), the Inner Route. Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait

by Selat Berhala (Berhala Strait) is then described, followed by

describing Selat Durian (Doerian Strait), the Alternate Inner

Route. 

General Remarks

8.1 Vessels bound from Selat Bangka to Singapore now

seldom use the outer route to the E of Kepulauan Lingga (Lingga Archipelago) and Kepulauan Riau (Riouw Archipelago).

Most vessels prefer to proceed by Selat Riau or Selat Berhala.

8.1 Selat Berhala and Selat Durian, its continuation N, form the

inner and alternative route to Selat Riau when bound to Singapore from S. Its fairway is deep throughout, the least water,

of 10.1 to 11.9m, lying SW of Pulau Mutyi (Moetji) (0°30'S.,

104°00'E.), about 30 miles NW of Pulau Berhala. Since it has

been marked with lights and buoys, this channel is equally

available for all classes of vessels.

8.1 Selat Berhala forms the S part of this route and Selat Durian

the N part. The intermediate portion has not received a specific

denomination. 

8.1 The entire route is about 120 miles long from Pulau Berhala (0°52'S., 104°24'E.) to the Karimun (Karimon) Islands

(1°05'N., 103°30'E.) in Singapore Strait. It is bound on the W

side by the coast of Sumatera (Sumatra), Pulau Sanglang Besar (False Doerian) (0°37'N., 103°41'E.), and the contiguous

islands, and on the E side by Pulau Singkep (0°30'S.,

104°30'E.) and other islands of the S and W coast of Pulau

Lingga (0°10'S., 104°35'E.), and by Pulau Durian-kecil (Little Doerian) (0°44'N., 103°40'E.) and Pulau Durian (Great

Durian) (0°44'N., 103°43'E.) and the adjacent islands. 

8.1 Tides—Currents.—Between the N end of Selat Bangka,

Kepulauan Riau, Kepulauan Lingga, and Singapore, the average rate of the tidal currents in the Southwest Monsoon is

greater than in the Northeast Monsoon on account of the prevalent winds from that direction; nevertheless, in the later monsoon greater rates have been observed than in the former.

8.1 The greatest rates observed were 2 knots in the Northeast

Monsoon and 1.25 knots in the Southwest Monsoon, whereas

the average rates, on the contrary, were only 0.5 and 0.75 knot,

respectively. 

North to Singapore Strait from Selat Bangka—

Outer Route

8.2 The coast of Sumatera (Sumatra) from Batakarang

Point (2°00'S., 104°45'E.) trends NNW for about 65 miles to

Tanjung Jabung (1°00'S., 104°22'E.). The entire coast is very

low, covered with wood, and fronted by a mud bank that, within a depth of 9.1m, in places, extends about 13 miles offshore.

It may be approached to a depth of 9.1m, except off Tanjung

Jabung, where the 10m curve is barely 1 mile offshore, with

less than 3.7m close to its edge. 

8.2 Vessels bound for Selat Berhala, when approaching Tanjung

Jabung should keep about 8 miles offshore until it bears 270°.

8.2 Tanjung Batakarang was reported to have extended nearly 1

mile E of its charted position.

Pulau-pulau Tuju (Tudju Eilanden) (1°10'S., 105°18'E.) lie

in the NE approach to Selat Bangka, in a position about 20

miles from the N coast of Bangka. These islands are generally

visible at a distance of about 25 miles and are surrounded by

reefs. Many shoals in the area are not marked by discoloration.

8.2 Pulau Saya (0°47'S., 104°56'E.), located about 30 miles NW

of Pulau-pulau Tuju, is steep-to, of granite formation, covered

with wood, and has a double-peaked 210m high summit; the N

peak is about 18.3m less in elevation than the S one, and both

peaks are in range on a 180° and opposite bearing. A small village is situated on the NW side of the island.

8.2 Nyamuk (0°48'S., 104°56'E.) is the N of two steep granite

rocks lying 0.75 mile N of Pulau Saya. A rock, awash at LW,

lies between the islets. 

8.2 Caution.—Less water than charted has been reported (1995)

about 7 miles SSW of Pulau Saya.

8.3 Pulau Singkep (0°30'S., 104°30'E.) is located about

20 miles N of Tanjung Jabung on the Sumatera coast. The island, about 20 miles in length and the same in breadth, is much

indented on its N and S sides.

8.3 North of Pulau Singkep is Pulau Lingga, with Pulau Selayar

(0°18'S., 104°26'E.) in the channel between. Off the W end of

Pulau Singkep is a group of islands separated from Pulau

Singkep by Selat Sebayur (0°25'S., 104°15'E.). 

8.3 From Tanjung Malang (Perpat) (0°39'S., 104°30'E.), the SE

point of Pulau Singkep, the coast has a NE direction for 10

miles to Tanjung Tengku (0°30'S., 104°35'E.), with Tanjung

Tija (Tidja) (0°28'S., 104°36'E.) about 2 miles farther N. 

8.3 The coast between these two points is fairly thickly populated; the most important village is Dabo (0°30'S., 104°34'E.). 

8.3 Pulau Lingga (0°10'S., 104°35'E.), lying about 4 miles N of

Pulau Singkep, is about 35 miles long, in a NW and SE direction; it largely consists of alluvial flats. 

8.4 Kotadaik (0°14'S., 104°38'E.), the principal village,

is situated on the W side of a shallow bay on the S coast of the

island. 

8.4 Tanjung Goroh (0°20'S., 104°55'E.), the SE point of Pulau

Lingga, may be known by a saddle hill. Between Tanjung Goroh and Tanjung Jang (0°18'S., 105°00'E.) is a shallow bight

named Tolo Bay (0°18'S., 104°57'E.). 

8.4 On the W side of the entrance is Pulau Kokau (0°20'S.,

104°56'E.), a small hilly islet; 0.3 mile to the S of the islet is

Batu Maresoh (0°19'S., 104°56'E.), a rock just above HW.

8.4 Pulau Sunsa (0°19'S., 105°00'E.), about 0.5 mile S of Tanjung Jang, has a hill 99m high; a small wooded rock lies close
90 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

W, and 0.7 mile WSW of the islet there is a rock awash at LW.

A rock, with a depth of 2m, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Pulau

Sunsa. The outer end of the coastal reef on the W side of Pulau

Sunsa is located 1.4 miles from Tanjung Jang Light. 

8.4 Pulau Merati (0°18'S., 105°01'E.), lying 1.5 miles E of Tanjung Jang Light, is surrounded by a reef; nearly midway between it and Tanjung Jang is a rock above-water. 

8.4 The NE coast of Pulau Lingga is formed of numerous hillocks, from 61 to 91m high, which gives it a uniform appearance, but neither it nor the adjacent islets are safe to approach

at night. The hills near the N end of the island are 202m and

226m high.

8.5 Pulau Selentang (0°07'S., 105°00'E.), called “Pulo

Semat” by the natives, is a sandy islet 24m high and covered

with high trees. Pulau Selentang lies about 11 miles N of Tanjung Jang. 

8.5 It is surrounded by a reef which extends as much as 0.75

mile from its N side. Two rocks, with depths of 1.2 and 2.7m,

lie, respectively, about 0.3 mile and 183m S of the islet.

8.5 Pulau Bujang (0°08'S., 104°55'E.), about 5 miles W of Pulau Selentang, is hilly and wooded, with a peaked hill 111m

high near its center; it is steep-to on the NE side but elsewhere

is surrounded by a reef which dries. On the SE side, are two

wooded rocks. 

8.5 Bulu (0°08'S., 104°55'E.) is a small village situated on a

bight on the SE side. Between the island and the coast the

depths are from 10.1 to 12.8m. 

8.5 Tjawan Reef (0°07'S., 104°53'E.), which dries, lies about

0.5 mile NW of Pulau Bujang.

8.5 Pulau Gojong (0°11'S., 104°54'E.), lying between Pulau

Bujang and Tanjung Liang (0°12'S., 104°53'E.), is low and

wooded, it is surrounded except on its SW side, by a reef that

dries and extends for a distance of 0.4 mile.

Pulau Malangbilang (Malang Bilang) (0°11'S., 104°55'E.),

a rock 4.3m high, and Pasir Pandjang (0°10'S., 104°55'E.), a

sandbank which dries, lie about 1 mile SE and NE, respectively, of Pulau Gojong.

Pulau Kongka-besar (Kongka Besar) (0°03'S., 104°51'E.)

lies about 4 miles NW of Pulau Bujang and is hilly throughout

its length, with some remarkable peaks; the E coast is rocky

and steep-to. A drying rock lies about 2 miles W of the NW

point of the island.

8.5 Maras Rocks (0°05'S., 104°53'E.), two wooded rocks, lie

about 1 mile SE of Pulau Kongka-besar, with a narrow channel

between and a depth of 11m. Midway between Maras Rocks and

Tjawan Reef, to the SE, there is a reef with rocks above HW.

8.6 Kongka Kecil (Ketjil) (0°04'S., 104°50'E.), 116m

high, close W of Pulau Kongka-besar, is separated from it by a

narrow channel, with depths of 4.6m and used by small vessels;

a village is situated on its E side. 

8.6 Two detached reefs lie SE of Kongka Kecil; on the N one is

Penoh Island (0°05'S., 104°51'E.), and on the S there are rocks

above-water which lie within the 10m curve around the larger

islands. About 1 mile SSW from Kongka Kecil is Penoh Laoet

(0°05'S., 104°50'E.), on the S end of a reef. 

8.6 For other islets, depths, and dangers between Kongka Kecil

and the NE coast of Pulau Lingga, the appropriate chart is the

best guide.

8.6 Blading (0°01'S., 104°50'E.) is the largest of a group of islets and rocks of which are lying about 2 miles N of Pulau

Kongka-besar. Reefs with rocks above-water extend about 1

mile NW.

8.6 Krokodil (0°00'N., 104°53'E.), about 4.6m high lies 3.5

miles Blading Island, with a reef 0.3 mile W. Depths of 5.9 to

8.7m lie between it and Pulau Kentar to the WNW.

8.6 Pulau Kentar (0°02'N., 104°46'E.), located 1.5 miles E of

Tanjung Gantong, the SE point of Pulau Sebangka, is hilly, the

highest point near its SE point being 120m high. 

8.6 When coming from the N and before the adjacent islands to

the S are visible, this high point resembles the hill on the SE

end of Pulau Lingga. From the S side of the island, a bank,

with less than 5.5m of water, extends about 1 mile. 

8.6 Nearly 1 mile beyond, a narrow reef stretches 2.5 miles in an

E and W direction, with a least depth of 3m, and W of this

there is a sand bank nearly always dry. 

8.6 Between the E end of the narrow bank and the bank extending from Pulau Kentar there is a small reef with a rock abovewater named Anak Langoe (0°01'N., 104°47'E.).

8.7 Bakau (0°05'N., 104°45'E.), lying about 1 mile N of

Pulau Kentar, is surrounded by a reef; Tjandur and Beringin

(0°06'N., 104°44'E.), two small islets, are located on the reef

about 1 mile N of Bakau.

8.7 Kapas (0°08'N., 104°42'E.), a rock, 0.6m high, on the N end

of the reef, lies nearly 3.5 miles NW of Bakau.

8.7 Pulau Sebangka (0°08'N., 104°35'E.) lies between Pulau

Lingga and Pulau Temiang to the NW. It is 19 miles long between Tanjung Gantong (0°01'N., 104°42'E.), its SE end, and

Oetan Besar (0°15'N., 104°29'E.), its NW end, with a maximum breadth of about 3 miles.

8.7 Reefs, dry at LW, front the N side of Tanjung Gantong; they

are visible from the discoloration of the water.

8.7 Alut (0°04'S., 104°42'E.), 156m high, lies about 4 miles S of

Sebangka.

Teluk Limbung (Limboeng Bay) (0°10'S., 104°47'E.), a

shallow bay, indents the E coast of Pulau Lingga W of Tanjung Takih (0°08'S., 104°50'E.); it is only available for small

craft. 

8.7 Numerous islands and shoals, best be seen on the chart, lie

between the NE coasts of Pulau Lingga and the Bakung Islands

(Bakong Islands) and Pulau Sebangka to the NE.

8.8 Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.), located 7 miles

N of the N end of Pulau Sebangka, has the form of an elbow, of

which the long arm extends 4.5 miles in a N and S direction,

and the short arm 3 miles E and W. Ridges of hills extend the

whole length of both arms, the highest point, 107m high, being

where the arms meet. 

8.8 On the E side of Pulau Mesanak, the coastal reef extends for

a distance of 0.7 mile; close to the rocky E point, and connected to it, is Koejoe Island (0°24'N., 104°34'E.), small but moderately high. 

8.8 Two rocks which cover at HW lie nearly 0.5 mile off the N

side of the island and about 1 mile E of Observation Point

(0°26'N., 104°31'E.), the NW extremity of the island. 

8.8 Patches of 6.9m lies about 0.1 mile NW of the above-mentioned rocks and about 0.2 mile N of Observation Point. 

8.8 West of the island, foul ground extends W of Merodong Is-
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 91

Pub. 174

land and other islands.

Pulau Nyamok (Njamok) (0°20'N., 104°33'E.), 56m high,

and lying about 2 miles SE of the S end of Pulau Mesanak, is

surrounded by a reef which extends about 1 mile NE, with drying rocks, and is generally breaking. 

8.8 In the channel between Pulau Nyamok and Pulau Mesanak,

there is a sandy islet with some trees; the channel is apparently

choked with rocks. 

8.8 The Merodong group of islands lie to the W of Pulau Mesanak, between it and the Temiang group. The former group comprises six islands, separated by channels unsuitable for

navigation and there is no reason in venturing among them or

between them and Pulau Mesanak. 

8.8 Merodong (0°24'N., 104°27'E.), the N island, is 186m high

and its conical peak is one of the principal landmarks for making Selat Riau (Riouw Strait). Rocks, dry at LW, extend 0.8

mile NNE from the NW end of Merodong, on the S side of Selat Merodong (Selat Merodong). 

8.8 Numerous islands and dangers extend for a distance of 20

miles off the E coast of Pulau Bintan (1°00'N., 104°34'E.). 

8.8 Vessels making the passage between Selat Bangka and Singapore Strait should generally pass outside, or to the E, of the

whole of these islands and dangers. The whole coast and the islands off it are, as a rule, fringed by coral.

8.9 Selat Kijang (Kidjang Strait) (0°50'N., 104°37'E.) is

a narrow passage between the SE coast of Pulau Bintan and

several small islands immediately off that coast. 

8.9 Tanjung Tili (0°49'N., 104°36'E.), the S extremity of Pulau

Bintan, marks the W side of the S entrance of Kijang Strait. 

8.9 The distance from Tanjung Tili to the N entrance of Selat Kijang is about 8 miles. The N part of the strait is unmarked and

used only by small vessels with local knowledge. 

8.9 The S part is suitable for use by vessels inbound for Sungei

Kolar, a port situated on the W side of the strait about 3 miles

NNE of Tanjung Tili. 

8.9 A bar, with depths of 5.6m extends across the S entrance to

Selat Kijang from Tanjung Tili to the SW extremity of Pulau

Koyang. A lighted buoy is moored 0.6 mile ENE of Tanjung

Tili.

8.9 Range lights are shown l.25 miles SSW of Tanjung Tili. The

front light stands close off Tanjung Maga, the NW extremity of

Pulau Siulung; the rear light stands on the N coast of Pulau

Mantang, 700m from the front. The entrance channel is marked

by buoys. 

8.9 An overhead cable, with a clearance of 45m, crosses the

channel about 0.2 mile S of the berth at Sungei Kolar. 

8.9 Vessels leaving Sungai Kolar pass N of Pulau Mana, a small

island in the middle of Selat Kijang about 0.5 mile NNE of

Sungei Kolar, then E and S through Selat Dendang

(0°51'36"N., 104°37'18"E.) and S and SW through Selat Kelong (0°49'N., 104°38'E.). 

8.9 These channels are marked by buoys and beacons. It is reported that ships drawing 8.7m have cleared Sungei Kolar via

these channels.

8.9 A channel, which is marked by beacons, leads into Selat Kijang from SE of Pulau Kelong (0°50'N., 104°39'E.). It passes

N of two drying reefs lying a little less than 0.5 mile N and NW

of Pulau Kambat (0°48'N., 104°40'E.), an islet located about

1 mile SE of Pulau Kelong. 

8.9 A beacon marks the NW drying reef. From there, it passes N

of Pulau Rusa Besar (0°47'30"N., 104°38'30"E.). An 8.2m

shoal lies in mid-channel about 0.3 mile WSW of the SW point

of Pulau Kelong. Caution is advised in the navigation of this

channel, as it has not been thoroughly examined in recent

years. A buoy is moored about 0.3 mile NNE of Pulau Rusa

Kechil (0°47'30"N., 104°38'54"E.).

8.9 A swept channel from Selat Kijang, dragged to a least depth

of 12.8m, leads E and then N to a position NE of Pulau

Mapur (1°00'N., 104°49'E.).

8.9 From a position about 0.5 mile NW of Pulau Kambat, proceed ENE for 4 miles until Pulau Borus (Boroes) (0°48'N.,

104°45'E.) bears 150°. Then steer E for 7 miles until Pulau

Merapas (0°56'N., 104°55'E.) bears 038°. Then steer NNE until Pulau Marapas bears 112°. From there the swept channel

leads to the N for about 8 miles to its seaward end.

8.10 Kijang (0°51'N., 104°36'E.) (World Port Index No.

50045), a bauxite port, is situated about 3 miles N of the S

entrance of Selat Kijang. Timber products and general cargoes

are also handled.

8.10 Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents can be strong by Tanjung

Tili at the S entrance to Selat Kijang, setting across the channel

towards Pulau Siulung. A rate of 3.5 knots has been observed.

Off the bauxite terminal the rate can reach 6 knots.

8.10 Depths—Limitations.—There is noquay at the bauxite terminal; ships moor alongside dolphins and two jetties. Vessels

up to 180m long, with a maximum beam of 27m and a maximum draft of 10m, can be accommodated. There are tidal currents of up to 6 knots at the berth. Numerous wrecks lie

stranded on the foreshore within 0.5 mile N and S of the jetties.

8.10 The Sea Communication Wharf is 50m in length, with a

depth of 8m alongside. The wharf is used for passenger and

general cargo vessels.

8.10 Plywood is worked at the Korindo Abadi Wharf, which has a

length of 200m and a depth alongside of 8m.

8.10 Granite barges are worked at the Wirah Indah Kencana

Wharf, which is situated 1 mile N of the bauxite terminal. This

wharf has a depth alongside of 7m.

8.10 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Vessels should send their

ETA 48 hours and 24 hours in advance. The pilot station for

vessels approaching from the W is situated close SSE of No. 4

Lighted Buoy, S of Tanjung Tili. Vessels should arrive no later

than 1800. 

8.10 For vessels approaching from the E, the pilot is embarked 1

mile ESE of Pulau Temborah Laut. Vessels arriving from the E

should arrive before 1600.

8.10 Permission must be obtained to enter Selat Kijang (0°50'N.,

104°37'E.).

8.10 Signals.—The following tidal signals are shown from the

wharf at Kijang:

1. A cylinder, with a cone, point up, above it, indicates

that the tidal current is flowing in.

2. A cylinder, with a cone, point up, above it, and a cone,

point down, below it, indicates that the tidal current is flowing out.

8.10 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be taken, in 29m, with the

tangents of Pulau Saya (0°47'S., 104°56'E.) bearing 095° and

187°; the holding ground is poor.

8.10 On the N side of Tanjung Jang (0°18'S., 105°00'E.) are two
92 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

small shallow bays with sandy beaches. 

8.10 The E bay affords good anchorage during the Southwest

Monsoon to vessels drawing up to 3.7m of water.

8.10 Temporary anchorage may be taken on the W side of Pulau

Selentang (0°07'S., 105°00'E.), in about 20m of water.

8.10 At some distance off the NE coast of Pulau Sebangka

(0°08'N., 104°35'E.), good anchorage may be obtained, in

depths of 12.8 to 14.6m, sand.

8.10 East of Aloet Island (0°04'S., 104°42'E.), between it and the

Kongka Islands, there is a wide space in which there is good

anchorage, in depths of about 7.3 to 9.1m, mud and sand.

8.10 Good anchorage may be obtained about 2 to 5 miles E of the

E end of Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.), in depths of 11

to 14.6m, mud and sand.

8.10 On the E side of Pulau Mapor (0°56'N., 104°55'E.) is a

small sandy bay where vessels may anchor, in 9.1 to 11m,

about 0.7 mile offshore. As the bottom in parts of this bay is

foul, care must be taken to keep Bare Rocks (0°57'N.,

104°52'E.) open E of Lee Islet (0°59'00"N., 104°51'30"E.),

18m high, off the S end of the bay. 

8.10 Directions.—Heluptan Reef lies in the direct track of vessels, and the utmost care is necessary to avoid it. A vessel will

keep E of it by not going into less than 48m and to the W of it

by keeping Gunung Koeas (0°52'N., 104°35'E.) on Pulau Bintan and Pulau Beruan (0°46'N., 104°49'E.), 90m high, well in

sight, until the latter bears 290°, which leads well N. 

8.10 Pulau Teroti (0°42'N., 104°47'E.), bearing 270°, leads S of

Gosong Ara (0°47'N., 104°57'E.) and other shoals. 

8.10 Pulau Kayuara (0°49'52"N., 104°56'20"E.) in range with

Pulau Beruan (0°46'N., 104°49'E.) leads N, and Pulau Merapas (0°56'N., 104°55'E.), bearing 333°, leads E of them. 

8.10 Caution.—In light winds Heluptan Reef (0°37'N.,

105°09'E.) may be distinguished by the discoloration of water,

but with a fresh breeze it is difficult to distinguish breakers

from the swell except when the tidal current is setting against

the wind with a comparatively smooth sea.

8.11 Pulau Sentut (1°03'N., 104°50'E.), with Middle

Rock (1°04'N., 104°47'E.), Black Rock (1°05'N., 104°44'E.),

and Pulau Berlangkap (1°06'N., 104°40'E.) lying N and NW

of Pulau Mapor, form a sort of chain stretching from outside

the dangers off the N coast of that island to the shore of Pulau

Bintan. Though there is a wide channel within Pulau Mapor, no

vessel without local knowledge should attempt it. 

8.11 Pulau Gin Besar, Pulau Gin-kecil, and Pulau Numbing

(Noembing) (0°45'N., 104°44'E.) are three islands, which together are about 5 miles in extent, lying from 8 to 13 miles SE

of Gunung Kaus (0°52'N., 104°35'E.), and separated from

each other by narrow channels; the channel along the S side of

Pulau Gin Besar has depths of 6.9 to 15.5m but its entrances

are foul.

8.11 Selat Sendara (0°44'N., 104°40'E.) is the channel between

Pulau Gin Besar and Pulau Gin-kecil on the E and Pulau Telan

on the W. In it are some banks with less than 3.7m, and off the

coast reef of Pulau Telan are some drying patches. 

8.11 At its N end off Pulau Gin Besar is Pulau Rinti (Rienti)

(0°45'N., 104°40'E.), with a small islet N of it, both surrounded

by reef.

8.11 These obstructions and tidal currents combine to make the

passage unsafe except to those acquainted with it. 

8.11 Pulau Teroti (0°42'N., 104°47'E.), the S of a cluster of islets

lying to the SE of Pulau Numbing, is 34m high and 2.25 miles

SE of Pulau Numbing. 

Pulau Rusah (Roesah) (0°42'N., 104°45'E.), composed of

two rocks on a small drying reef, lies about 2 miles W of Pulau

Teroti, and there are several rocks above and below-water between these islets and rocks. 

Pulau Beruan (Beroean) (0°46'N., 104°49'E.) lies 5.5 miles

NNE of Pulau Teroti; being 90m high and saddle-shaped, it is

conspicuous and easily recognized. 

8.11 Pulau Merapas (0°56'N., 104°55'E.) is the outer and E island off the E side of Pulau Bintan. It is 63m high, covered

with trees, and steep-to 0.3 mile offshore.

Pulau Mapor (Pulau Mapur) (1°00'N., 104°49'E.) lies with

its S extremity about 10 miles N of Pulau Beruan. A prominent

107m high hill stands on the NW point of the island.

Pulau Sentut (Sentoet) (1°03'N., 104°50'E.), 44m high and

of sugarloaf form, lies about 2 miles NW of the NE end of Pulau Mapor. It is steep-to on the N side, but a reef extends about

0.5 mile from its S end.

8.11 Pulau Berlangkap (1°06'N., 104°40'E.) is an islet 27m high,

lying about 9 miles NW of the NW end of Pulau Mapor and

nearly 2 miles off Tanjung Berlangkap (1°06'N., 104°38'E.). 

8.12 From Tanjung Berlangkap to Tanjung Berakit

(1°14'N., 104°34'E.), about 8 miles N, the NE coast of Pulau

Bintan forms a bay indented with bights and coves. The coast

of this part of Pulau Bintan is for the most part fronted by a reef

which projects in some places to a distance of 0.5 mile; just N

of Tanjung Berlangkap is a ledge of rocks.

8.12 Tides—Currents.—The tides at Tanjung Boetoen (0°15'S.,

104°36'E.) within the islets are reported to be diurnal and subject to irregularities. 

8.12 Springs occur about 3 days after the moon’s greatest declination, with a rise of 2.1m; neaps occur at a similar period after

the moon has no declination, with a rise of 0.3m. 

8.12 During the second half of June and December springs rise

2.6m and neaps rise 0.8m; about the same time in March and

September springs rise 1.7m, with no perceptible rise at neaps. 

8.12 The flood current at Tanjung Boetoen runs to the W at a velocity of 2 knots.

8.12 The flood current runs in a NNW direction, parallel to Pulau

Lingga, Pulau Sebangka, and the other islands, entering the

channels between those islands and continuing N. 

8.12 Off Selat Riau, it meets the flood current which comes S

along the E coast of Pulau Bintan and enters the strait.

8.12 This flood current passes through Selat Temiang, Selat Merodong, Selat Dempo, and Selat Abang. West of these straits the

flood current takes a general SSE direction, or in the opposite

direction to the flood currents E of Lingga, passing S through

Chempa Strait and along the W coast of Lingga. About 10

miles W of these islands there is not much current.

8.12 The flood currents through Selat Temiang, Selat Merodong,

and Selat Pangelap meet off Kebat, at the NW end of Temiang,

and cause heavy tide rips and eddies in that locality at certain

times which it is dangerous to pass through. 

8.12 The flood current also passes N between Mesanak and Doejoeng (0°21'N., 104°28'E.), joining that coming W through Selat Merodong. 

8.12 The flood current sets NNW between Sebangka and Pulau
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 93

Pub. 174

Bakung (Bakong), and also passes W through Selat Dasi (Dasi

Strait), and at times can attain a velocity of 4 knots in that

strait.

8.12 The ebb current through all the channels of straits referred to

runs in the opposite direction to that given above, except where

two or more currents meet or divide, when the general direction may differ.

8.12 In the very narrow channels, which are of no consequence to

navigation, the currents often attain a rate of 3 to 4 knots, but in

the wider channels they do not exceed 2 to 2.5 knots. 

8.12 Off Pulau Bintan at the change of the monsoon in April, the

flood current runs S for 18 hours, while the ebb runs N for 6 hours.

In June the periods are reversed; consequently a current against the

Southwest Monsoon will only take place a few hours each day.

8.12 During the shifting months of the monsoons the tidal currents are regular, but during their strength the surface current

will be always more or less governed by the wind.

8.12 The flood current comes from the N, and runs nearly parallel

to the E coast of Pulau Bintan, along its S side toward Selat

Abang, and to the N in Selat Riau, meeting another flood current from Singapore Strait, near the town of Rhio.

8.12 The flood sets to the S along the E coast of Pulau Lingga,

and close to Tanjung Jang, its SE end, then it runs W to Selat

Penuba (Penoeba), and obliquely across Lingga Bay to Selat

Berhala. From Tanjung Jang to Pulau Saya and onward to Selat

Bangka its direction is nearly S; another current from about 2

miles S of Pulau Saya sets toward Selat Berhala.

8.12 The ebb current is reported to set in the opposite or N direction.

Gosong Castor (Castor Bank) (0°40'S., 105°03'E.) is a ridge

with a hard sandy bottom lying with its S end about 6 miles

ENE of Pulau Saya. A post stands 1.5 miles E of the N extremity of Gosong Castor. It has a least depth of 10.7m, and from 20

to 27m around it. 

8.12 The bank is 10.5 miles long in a NE-SW direction and 0.25

to 0.5 mile in width within a depth of 18.3m, except at the S

end, where it widens to about 3 miles. The bank is famous for a

species of red fish, named “Ikan Merah,” from their color.

8.12 Caution.—A depth of 14.1m has been reported (2007) to lie

2 miles N of Gosong Castor in position 0°32S, 105°0'E. There

are several other areas extending from this position which have

been reported to have depths of up to 3m less than charted. 

8.12 A dangerous wreck, the position of which is approximate,

lies sunk about 19 miles off the coast in a position about 40

miles N of Batakarang Point (2°00'S., 104°45'E.).

8.12 Wrecks lie 15.5 miles S and 6 miles ESE of Pulau Saya

(0°47'S., 104°56'E.).

8.12 A wreck lies 2.5 miles SSW of Pulau Berhala (0°52'S.,

104°24'E.).

8.13 Cowmans Bank (0°38'S., 104°56'E.) lies about 6

miles W of Gosong Castor and parallel to it. It is a narrow bank

of hard sand and shells, with mud scattered here and there. It is

10 miles long and has a width of 0.25 to 0.75 mile within the

20m curve and is steep-to; the least depth is 10.7m near its center.

Karang Alangkalam (Ilchester Bank), (0°27'S., 104°58'E.)

is 6 miles in length within the 20m curve, beyond which it is

steep-to. The shallowest spot, 2.3m near its center, lies nearly 9

miles SSW of Tanjung Jang Light (0°18'S., 105°00'E.).

8.13 A narrow bank, 4 miles in length, lies S of Karang

Alangkalam; its shallowest spot of 8.8m lies about 12.7 miles

SSW of Tanjung Jang Light. 

8.13 Tanjung Jang Light is obscured over this bank and over the

W portion of Karang Alangkalam. 

Kepulauan Singkeplau (0°42'S., 104°28'E.) lies SW of

Tanjung Malang (Tanjung Perpat); a shoal extends NE within

the 10m curve to a position 10 miles NE of Tanjung Malang. 

8.13 The central portion, with depths of 1.8 to 5.5m, is 8 miles

long, and its N end lies 5.5 miles SSE of Tanjung Pasingkep

(Pa Singkep) (0°30'S., 104°35'E.). 

Tanjung Buku (Boekoe) (0°41'S., 104°22'E.), the SW point

Pulau Singkep, in range with the N end of Keling Island

(0°41'30"S., 104°28'00"E.), bearing 270°, leads S of these

shoals. 

8.13 At Tanjung Tija (Tidja) (0°28'S., 104°36'E.), the E point of

Pulau Singkep, the 10m curve is about 2 miles offshore, but E

of the point a drying bank extends from the coast, and the 10m

curve is 5 miles NE of Tanjung Tija. About 5 miles N of that

point lies a bank nearly 4 miles long, in an E and W direction,

with depths of 2.7 to 5.5m; its E edge is about 5 miles from the

coast. The patch on its W edge dries at LW.

8.13 On the S side of Pulau Lingga, between Tanjung Bliung(0°16'S., 104°31'E.) and Tanjung Boear (0°19'S.,

104°51'E.), the coast forms a shallow indentation, known as

Lingga Bay (0°15'S., 104°40'E.); the bay is about 20 miles

wide, with the 5m curve running almost straight across between the points. There are various islets and reefs in the W

part of the bay. The NW point of the reef surrounding Kelombok Islet is marked by a beacon. 

8.14 Megalang (0°17'S., 104°39'E.), the outermost islet in

the bay, is overgrown. A few rocky patches lie S of Megalang

Islet; among them are Titi Mengalang (0°19'00"S.,

104°39'30"E.), Ular and Sebangga (0°19'12"S., 104°38'30"E.)

and Sebangga Laut (0°19'45"S., 104°38'15"E.). For other

shoal patches in the vicinity, the appropriate chart is the best

guide. 

Batu Kapal (De Hes Rock) (0°21'S., 104°52'E.), a reef on

which there is a depth of 1.8m, lies 2 miles offshore, about 3

miles W of Tanjung Goroh (0°20'S., 104°55'E.); it is marked

by tide rips. Tanjung Jang Light is obscured over it. 

8.14 A shoal, with a depth of 7.8m, lies nearly 1 mile SSE of Kapas (0°08'N., 104°42'E.). 

Karang Busung (Boesoeng) (0°08'45"N., 104°41'30"E.), a

reef about 1 mile in length in a NE and SW direction, lies about

1 mile NW of Kapas. An 8.7m patch lies about 3 miles W of

Karang Busung.

8.14 A shoal, with a least depth of 4.1m, lies about 2.7 miles E of

Bakau (0°05'N., 104°45'E.).

8.14 Karang Pollux (0°10'N., 104°47'E.), with a least depth of

0.5m, lies about 5 miles NNE of Bakau, on the S side of the E

approach to Selat Temiang (Temiang Strait). An obstruction is

charted 5.5 miles N of Karang Pollux.

8.14 Soundings give no indication of this rock; there is no discoloration in the vicinity. 

8.14 A 4.1m patch lies 0.75 mile offshore, about 6 miles NNW of

Kelombang Rocks (0°09'N., 104°36'E.). 

8.15 Limas (0°15'N., 104°30'E.), a 79m high island at the
94 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

N extremity of Sebangka, is connected with it by a reef. A

depth of 7.9m lies about 1 mile N of the N point of Limas, and

there are rocks above and below-water extending about 1 mile

W of the N point. 

8.15 Madgeburg Shoal (0°26'N., 104°35'E.), with a least reported depth of 4.5m, lies about 2 miles NE of the E end of Pulau

Mesanak. A depth of 10.1m lies about 4.2 miles ENE of the

same point.

8.15 An extensive shoal, about 0.5 mile long and with a least

depth of 9.1m, lies with its outer edge about 2 miles E of the E

end of Pulau Nyamok (0°20'N., 104°33'E.).

8.16 Heluptan Reef (Admiral Stellingwerf Reef) (0°37'N.,

105°09'E.), marked by a light, is the outermost of the reefs lying off the SE coast of Pulau Bintan. It is a rock covered with

coral, nearly 0.3 mile long, with a least depth of 0.4m and is

steep-to. 

8.16 There are depths of 34.7 to 36.6m fairly close, except at the

NE side, where irregular depths of 18.3 to 20.1m extend 2

miles off. A depth of 29m lies about 9.2 miles ENE of Heluptan Reef, and an obstruction lies 33 miles NNE.

8.16 The N end of a narrow sand ridge, with depths of 11.9 to

18.3m, steep-to on its E side, lies about 9 miles NW of Heluptan Reef. From the SW end, the bank trends in a SW and W direction for about 33 miles to Pulau Mesanak, at the entrance to

Selat Merodong and Selat Riau. In the Northeast Monsoon,

when rain and thick weather are experienced, obtaining soundings on this bank will afford a good guide to clear Heluputan

Reef and Gosong Ara. 

Gosong Ara (Geldria Bank) (0°47'N., 104°57'E.) is the outermost danger, lying 13 to 14 miles E of Pulau Gin-besar. 

8.16 Its NE end lies about 14 miles of the ENE of Numbing,

where the bank extends in a SW direction for about 3 miles,

having rocky heads with depths of 5.5 to 9.1m, and 27 to 37m

close to the E or seaward side. 

Gosong Raleigh (Raleigh Bank) (0°46'N., 104°54'E.), lies

about 3 miles W of the SW end of Gosong Ara, and has a depth

of 5.9m over coral bottom. Several shoal patches lie to the NE

and SSW. Vessels should pass E of Gosong Ara and Gosong

Raleigh. 

8.16 A patch of coral and sand nearly 1 mile long, with a depth of

6.9m, lies about 5 miles SE of Pulau Beruan (0°46'N.,

104°49'E.).

Kayu Ara (Kaju Ara) (0°50'N., 104°56'E.), lying about 2.2

miles WNW of the N end of Gosong Ara, are three low rocks,

the highest of which is 4m above HW.

8.16 A rocky patch, with a depth of 10.1m, lies about midway between Kayu Ara and the N end of Gosong Ara; there are eddies

or tide rips near these dangers.

8.16 A sandy shoal, with depths of 8.2 to 11m, lies with its N end

about 5 miles W of the W end of Pulau Merapas (0°56'N.,

104°55'E.) and extends about 5 miles SSW.

8.16 Rocks extend about 1 mile off the NE end of Pulau Mapor

(1°00'N., 104°49'E.). There are others, some above-water, off

its SE end; the outer one, named Bare Rocks (0°57'N.,

104°52'E.), are 16.8m high. 

8.16 Melibon (1°01'53"N., 104°46'32"E.), a pyramidal-shaped islet 26.8m high, lies 0.6 mile NW of the NW end of Pulau

Mapor.

8.16 Passage Rock (1°01'30"N., 104°51'15"E.), 7.9m high, lies

about 0.7 mile N of the NE end of Pulau Mapor; there is a rock

about 0.5 mile ENE of the same point. 

8.17 Middle Rock (1°03'54"N., 104°46'37"E.), a pinnacle,

awash at LW, and with depths of 20m close-to, lies 3.25 miles

WNW of Pulau Sentut.

8.17 Black Rock (1°05'16"N., 104°44'23"E.), 6.7m high, with a

smaller rock close to its S side and depths of 24 to 31m around,

lies about 6 miles WNW of Pulau Sentut.

8.17 A dangerous sunken rock, withdepths of less than 4.9m, lies

about 1.7 miles to the ENE of Pulau Berlangkap (1°06'24"N.,

104°39'40"E.). A wreck is stranded on this rock.

8.17 Pulau Saya (0°47'S., 104°56'E.), 210m high, is a good radar

target at a distance of 19 miles.

8.17 Pulau Singkep is of considerable elevation, having on its NE

side a range of hills, the summit of which, Gunung Landjoet

(0°25'45"S., 104°30'38"E.), is 515m high. 

8.18 Laboe (0°30'S., 104°29'E.), the S end of the range, is

437m high. Farther S is Manindjoet (0°34'30"S.,

104°27'45"E.), 170m high. On the W side of the island is Gunung Bidei (0°29'30"S., 104°20'30"E.), 209m high. The remaining portion is low, with an isolated hill here and there.

8.18 A radio mast, 6.7m high, from which an obstruction light is

shown, stands about 0.5 mile NNW of the root of the pier at the

village of Dabo (Kotadabok) (0°30'S., 104°34'E.); a buoy

marks a wreck which lies off the above pier. A TV mast

marked by three lights (fixed yellow) stands close to the coast

at Dabo. 

8.18 The N portion of Pulau Lingga is hilly, the peaks attaining

heights of 202 to 226m. On the island’s SW part is Gunung

Daik (Piek van Lingga) (0°12'S., 104°33'E.), a remarkable

mountain attaining an elevation of 1,206m and split in two; it is

visible from a considerable distance in clear weather.

Gunung Sepincan (Gunung Sepintjan) (0°09'30"S.,

104°34'45"E.), with a flat top, 1,028m high, rises about 3 miles

NE of Gunung Daik. 

Batu Gajah (Batoe Gadjah) (0°09'30"S., 104°35'15"E.) lies

on its E slope, the E side of which has a gray Y-shaped patch.

8.19 Tanjung Jang (Djang) (0°18'S., 105°00'E.), the E end

of Pulau Lingga, is conspicuous, and visible in clear weather

from a distance of about 30 miles. A light is shown from an

iron framework near a stone dwelling, 20m high, on the point. 

8.19 A light is shown from an iron frame structure, 33m high, on

a hill at the SE end of Pulau Kentar (0°02'N., 104°46'E.); the

island is a good radar target at a distance of 20 miles.

8.19 The summit of Pulau Sebangka, near the center of the island,

is 156m high, and the hill NE of Tanjung Gantong (0°01'N.,

104°42'E.), the SE extremity of Pulau Sebangka, is 134m high.

8.19 Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.) is a good radar target

at a distance of 10 miles.

8.19 It was reported that Pulau Nyamok (0°20'N., 104°33'E.)

was a good radar target at a distance of 12 miles.

8.19 Gunung Kidjang (0°55'N., 104°38'E.), a number of variously-shaped hills, are located on the SE side of Pulau Bintan;

the southeasternmost is 242m high. 

8.19 Gunung Koeas (0°52'15"N., 104°34'45"E.), a blunt cone

233m high, about 4 miles SW of Gunung Kidjang, has a summit in the form of a truncated cone. 
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 95

Pub. 174

8.19 Temborah (0°50'N., 104°39'E.), 141m high, rises on the E

side of Pulau Kelong.

8.19 Several hills on the islands of Gin-Besar, Ginkecil, and

Numbing (0°45'N., 104°44'E.) are from 61 to 77m high, and

one rising about the center of Gin-Besar, is 77m high and has a

solitary tree on it; it is a prominent mark when making Selat

Riau (Riouw Strait). 

8.20 Pulau Merapas (0°56'N., 104°55'E.) is a good radar

target at a distance of 18 miles.

8.20 Pulau Mapor (1°00'N., 104°49'E.) is a good radar target at a

distance of 17 miles.

8.20 There are several islets off and near the coast of Pulau Bintan. The most conspicuous of these is Pulau Nikoi (Nikvi)

(1°03'N., 104°43'E.), 61m high. It forms the W side of the N

entrance to the channel within Pulau Mapor.

8.20 A hill, 110m high, lies about 2.7 miles WNW of Tangung

Berlangkap (1°06'N., 104°38'E.), and another hill, 100m high,

rises about 2 miles W of the first-mentioned hill.

Selat Riau (Riouw Strait)

8.21 The route from Selat Bangka to Singapore, E of Pulau

Lingga and through Selat Riau (0°55'N., 104°18'E.) is the one

commonly used by vessels proceeding either way between Selat Sunda (Soenda Strait) and Singapore; the route is safe, sheltered, and easily navigable, with lights and beacons on many of

the dangers. The route E of Pulau Bintan is exposed in both

monsoons, and the fairway is encumbered with many dangers,

which renders it necessary for vessels to keep off a considerable distance from land. Selat Riau is available for all classes

of vessels, both by day and by night.

8.21 Selat Riau, the S limit of which is between Pulau Mesanak

(0°25'N., 104°31'E.) and Pulau Telan (Telang) (0°44'N.,

104°38'E.), is bounded on the E by Pulau Bintan and on the W

by the chain of islands, of which Galang (0°45'N., 104°15'E.),

Rempang (0°52'N., 104°09'E.), and Batam (1°05'N.,

104°02'E.) are the main ones.

8.21 Numerous smaller islands and shoals front the main shores

on each side of the strait. The strait is about 50 miles in length,

in a NW and SE direction, and has depths ranging from 10 to

55m in the fairway, with the least depths being in the S portion

of the strait.

8.21 The S entrance of the strait is about 17 miles wide for a distance of 11 to 12 miles and then contracts to a width of 3.5

miles between Pulau Karas-kecil (Karas-ketjil) (0°44'N.,

104°22'E.) and the shoals to the S of Pulau Tapai (0°46'N.,

104°27'E.). 

8.21 About the middle of the strait, and 3.5 miles N of Pulau

Karas-besar (0°45'N., 104°20'E.), is Pulau Pangkil (0°50'N.,

104°22'E.), with dangers extending 5 miles SE; between these

and the dangers N of Pulau Karas-besar is the principal channel, about 2 miles wide, with fairway depths of 18.3 to 37m

bounded on the W by Pulau Mubut Laut (0°49'N.,

104°18'E.), and the islets and dangers within it, off the NE end

of Pulau Galang. 

8.21 The principal dangers are marked by buoys or beacons. The

shores of the strait are, for the most part, sparsely populated,

the greater portion of the population consisting of Malays, with

the remainder being Chinese.

8.21 At Pulau Lobam (0°59'N., 104°15'E.), about 10 miles NW

of Pulau Pangkil, the strait is about 2 miles wide between Johannes Shoal (0°57'27"N., 104°11'32"E.) and Orion Rock

(0°58'42"N., 104°13'24"E.); this is the narrowest part of the

strait.

8.21 North of Tanjunguban(1°04'N., 104° 13'E.), the W extremity of Pulau Bintan, the strait rapidly widens to its N entrance,

where it is about 10 miles in breadth. 

8.21 Less water than charted was reported (2001) in an area approximately 2 miles E of Pulau Tundjuk (0°56'N., 104°12'E.).

Selat Riau—West Side

8.22 Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.) forms the S side

of the entrance to Selat Merodong, and the W side of approach

to Selat Riau.

8.22 Benan (0°29'N., 104°27'E.), 3.5 miles NW of Pulau Mesanak, is the easternmmost island of a group which separates Selat

Merodong and Selat Pengelap. It is 2 miles long, tapering at

both ends, and is 0.75 mile wide near the middle. The island is

easily recognized by a conspicuous hill, it is 67m high, at its

SE end. A reef fronts the greater part of Benan, extending from

0.25 to 0.5 mile off the N and NE sides.

8.22 Pulau Katanglingga (0°30'N., 104°25'E.), l.5 miles NW of

Benan, is a bold bluff-looking island 1 mile long and 50m high

at the N end; the S end is low. A reef fronts the greater part of

it, extending in some places to a distance of about 0.2 mile.

With onshore winds, a heavy sea runs up on the E side of

Benan and Pulau Katanglingga.

8.22 Pulau Galang (0°45'N., 104°14'E.) and Pulau Galang Baru (Galang Baroe) (0°40'N., 104°16'E.), S of it, both hilly and

thickly wooded, are separated by Selat Penjabung. On the E

side of these islands are numerous islands and reefs terminating E in Pulau Karas-besar. 

8.22 Tanjung Maralagan (0°42'30"N., 104°18'48"E.), the SE

end of Pulau Galang, is high and thickly wooded. 

8.23 Dempo Point is the E end of Korek Rapat (0°40.5'N.,

104°21.1'E.), which lies nearly 3 miles SE of Tanjung Maralagan, and is the easternmost islet of those lying in and fronting

the bay formed between the two Galang Islands.

Selat Penjabung (Penjaboeng Strait) (0°42'N., 104°14'E.),

with shores overgrown with mangroves, is only available to

small craft with local knowledge. 

8.23 Pulau Dempo (0°35'42"N., 104°18'42"E.), 45m high, lies

about l.3 miles SE of the S end of Pulau Galang Baru, and on

the N side of the E entrance to Selat Dempo; it is a conspicuous

thickly-wooded islet, showing round and bold against the adjacent land, and is one of the most useful objects for recognizing

the entrance to both Selat Riau and Selat Dempo when coming

from the S.

Pulau Ngual (Ngoeal) (0°39'N., 104°15'E.), lying close off

the W side of Pulau Galang Baru, is a narrow island 1.5 miles

long, fringed by a reef.

Pulau Labun (Laboen) (0°39'54"N., 104°13'36"E.), fringed

by a reef, lies about 0.5 mile NW of Pulau Ngual, and about the

same distance offshore.

8.23 Kepulauan Melor (0°44'N., 104°11'E.), two in number, lie

near the coast of Pulau Galang, about 5 miles NW of Pulau Labun.
96 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

8.23 Pulau Pandjang (0°48'N., 104°09'E.), 2 miles long, lies

with its S end about 4 miles NW of Kepulauan Melor.

8.23 The W coast of Pulau Rempang (0°52'N., 104°09'E.), N of

Pulau Pandjang, forms the E side of the approach to Selat Bulan, and is fronted by shallow flats to a distance of 4 miles.

8.24 Pulau Karas-besar (0°45'N., 104°20'E.), lying about

4 miles N of Korek Rapat, is 3.5 miles long and about 0.7 mile

wide; it is hilly, with a flat summit, wooded, and has a reef encircling it extending in places for a distance of 0.25 mile. 

Pulau Karas-Ketjil (Karas-Kecil) (0°44'N., 104°22'E.), an

island marking the SW end of the narrow part of Selat Riau, is

26m high and about 0.3 mile long, E and W, formed by two

small hills, and fringed by a reef. On its SW side is a sandy

beach with a good landing place. 

Tanjung Semandur (Semandoer) (0°47'36"N.,

104°16'48"E.), the NE end of Pulau Galang, lies 2.75 miles

NW of the W end of Pulau Karas-besar, and has on its N side a

bight in which there is a village. A reef fronts the point to a distance of 0.25 mile.

Penika Islet (Steen) (0°46'15"N., 104°17'15"E.), consisting

of some wooded rocks, is surrounded by a reef and lies about

1.3 miles NW of the W end of Pulau Karas-besar.

8.24 Pulau Mubut Laut (0°49'N., 104°18'E.) and Mubut Darat,

about 0.5 mile W, lie about 3.7 miles N of the W end of Pulau

Karasbesar. Pulau Mubut Laut is 56m high and inhabited; it is

the larger and higher of the two islands, and easily distinguished by its prominent position. 

8.24 It rises to a round peak, with the greatest slope on the E side,

while Mubut Darat is considerably lower toward its center and

thickly wooded. 

Tanjung Sembulang (Semboelang) (0°51'30"N.,

104°16'06"E.), the E end of Pulau Rempang, is a rather precipitous point overgrown with trees on the W side of the main

channel of Selat Riau; the hill within it is 75m high. The point

is fronted by a reef to a distance of about 0.1 mile, close to

which are depths of 11 to 14.6m.

Pulau Cemara (Tjemara) (0°55'N., 104°13'E.), the southernmost of the chain of islands, lies between Pulau Rempang

and Pulau Bintan. It is hilly, partially covered with trees, 62m

high, about 2 miles long and 0.75 mile wide and fringed by a

reef.

8.25 Pulau Tunjuk (Tandjuk) (Toendjoek) (0°56'36"N.,

104°12'24"E.), lying about 1.25 miles N of Pulau Cemara, is

flatter than the latter and is entirely covered with vegetation. It

is 0.3 mile in extent and surrounded by a reef which projects

about 0.2 mile off the E side; a ridge, with rocky patches, some

of which dry, connects these two islands.

Pulau Subangmas (Soebang Mas) (0°57'N., 104°10'E.) lies

about 2 miles NW of Pulau Cemara; Pulau Airradja (Airaja)

(Ajer Radja) (0°58'N., 104°10'E.), lies close N and is separated

by a narrow drying channel at LW. It is the northernmost of the

islands lying between Pulau Cemara and the E entrance of Selat Bulan (1°00'N., 103°56'E.). Both these islands are hilly and

covered with tall trees. 

Pulau Pentjaras (Pencaras) (0°58'21"N., 104°10'48"E.) is a

small, round islet lying on the shore reef close to the NE end of

Pulau Airradja. 

Pulau Nginang (Ngenang) (1°00'N., 104°10'E.), a hilly island, located about 2 miles N of Pulau Airradja, with Selat Bulan between, is about 3 miles long, N and S, tapering to the N.

A reef fringes the S and E sides of the island, extending to a

distance of 0.25 mile.

Pulau Tandjung Sau (Tanjungsau) (Tandjoeng Saoe)

(1°03'N., 104°10'E.) lies close N of Pulau Ngenang; a hill rises

to a height of 70m about 1 mile WNW of its E end. A reef of

coral and sand, S of the island's E end, fronts the shore to a distance of 0.2 to 0.3 mile; its S portion forms the N side of Pedissa Strait (1°01'N., 104°10'E.), the narrow channel between

Pulau Tandjung Sau and the Ngenang Islands.

8.25 A reef, with a depth of 2m, lies 1.5 miles SE of Pulau Tandjung Sau Light. The reef is marked on its E side by a buoy.

Pulau Sau (Saoe) (1°03'48"N., 104°10'54"E.) lies on the NE

part of the reef that surrounds Pulau Tandjung Sau; there is a

conspicuous red patch on the E side of the island. A flat, with

3.6 to 4.6m of water, extends about 0.5 mile NW of the island.

8.25 The E coast of Pulau Batam, from abreast Pulau Tandjung

Sau to Tanjung Babi (1°12'N., 104°06'E.), the W point of the

N entrance to Selat Riau, is hilly and completely overgrown,

with a few scattered villages; it is fronted by a reef, extending

in some places to a distance of 0.75 mile and having on it some

large, above-water, and reddish-colored rocks. There are also

several fishing enclosures on this reef. 

8.26 Karang Leman (Rifleman Shoal) (0°28'30"N.,

104°28'15"E.), lying about 1 mile E of Benan, is a patch of

hard sand 0.3 mile in extent, with a least depth of 4.9m.

Terumbu Haai (Haai Reef) (0°35'30"N., 104°18'42"E.),

with a least depth of 2.4m, lies 0.25 mile SSE of Pulau Dempo;

there is an above-water rock about 0.3 mile inshore of the islet.

It is well W of the track to Selat Riau.

8.26 A depth of 7.3m lies between the S end of a reef that fringes

Pulau Ngual (0°39'N., 104°15'E.) and Tanjung Koko

(0°37'12"N., 104°16'06"E.); a rock, with less than 1.8m, is reported between the above depth and the point. 

8.26 Penyabung Rock (0°38'57"N., 104°13'44"E.), awash, lies

about 0.5 mile SW of the N end of Pulau Ngual. 

8.26 The channel between Pulau Ngual and Pulau Galang Baru is

encumbered by several islets and reefs and should not be attempted without local knowledge.

8.26 Kepulauan Penjabung (0°43'N., 104°13'E.) lie in the W entrance to Selat Penjabung (Penjabung Strait) (0°42'N.,

104°14'E.), with a dry rock at LW, about 0.6 mile to the W of

the islets, a sunken rock and a 0.9m shoal lie 183m N and about

0.2 mile SW, respectively, of the drying rock. There are no

known dangers outside the 10m curve. 

8.26 A rock, awash at LW, lies 0.5 mile S of Pulau Pandjang

(0°48'N., 104°09'E.). A 5m depth lies about 1 mile SE of the

rock. About 0.6 mile S of the rock is the end of a shoal with

depths under 9.1m extending SW from the S point of the W entrance to Selat Tiung (0°48'N., 104°14'E.). A wreck, dangerous to navigation, lies nearly 1 mile S of the rock.

8.26 Hangop Rock (0°52'42"N., 104°01'51"E.) lies on the N end

of the outer flat about 4 miles W of Tanjung Klingking

(0°52'N., 104°06'E.). 

8.26 Great Bank (0°38'N., 104°19'E.) is located off the E side of

Pulau Galang Baru, between Pulau Dempo and Pulau Batubelobang (Batu Belobang) (Batoe Belobang) (0°40'N.,

104°19'E.), within the 10m curve fronting the bight; the bank is
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 97

Pub. 174

1.5 miles long.

8.26 A shoal, with a least depth of 7.9m, lies a little less than 4

miles SE of Pulau Karas-Ketjil (0°44'N., 104°22'E.); its SW

side is marked by a lighted buoy. 

8.26 About 2 miles N of this buoy, with an intervening depth of at

least 10.1m, lies the S tip of another shoal which extends about

4 miles SSW from Pulau Tapai (0°46'N., 104°27'E.). 

8.26 A shoal, with a least depth of 8.8m, lies about 2.7 miles SSE

of Pulau Karas-Ketjil.

8.26 A drying reef, 0.2 mile long, lies about 0.5 mile N of the W

extremity of the island, with a similar reef close E. From

abreast the latter reef, and extending nearly halfway along the

N coast of the island, is flat with depths of from 3.8 to 5.5m,

projecting 1 mile from the island; for 0.5 mile farther in the

same direction the depths are under 9.1m. 

8.26 Vessels, when abreast it, should keep the whole of Pulau

Karas-Kebil well open of Pulau Karas-besar.

8.26 A reef, with a depth of 1.5m, lies 1.5 miles SE of Pulau

Tandjung Sau Light. 

8.27 Tjassens Bank (0°44'N., 104°20'E.) is triangular in

shape, with its base, about 4 miles long, on the S side of Pulau

Karas-besar; it has depths of from 0.9 to 5.5m. A drying reef

lies 1.5 miles SSW of the SE end of the island.

8.27 There is a channel on each side of Tjassens Bank, but the N

one, crossing the neck of the shoal, has a depth of 3.8m, and is

only available for small vessels, the S channel, between Tjassens Bank and Pulau Tandjung Dahan (Tandjoeng Dahan)

(0°41'N., 104°20'E.), is nowhere less than 0.75 mile wide, with

depths of from 11 to 14.6m. 

8.27 Care is necessary, however, when avoiding Tjassens Bank, to

give a safe berth to a small reef which lies about 0.3 mile off

the NE part of Pulau Tandjung Dahan; when the W end of Pulau Karas-besar bears about 045° steer to pass midway between

the W extremity of that island and Penika Islet (0°46'15"N.,

104°17'15"E.) to avoid reefs S of the latter. 

8.27 A dangerous wreck lies about 0.5 mile E of Pulau KarasKetjil. A spit, with a least depth of 1.5m, extends about 0.3

mile N of Pulau Karas-Ketjil; a depth of 6.7m lies 0.15 mile S

of the E end of the islet.

8.27 A shoal, with a least depth of 9.5m, lies about 0.75 mile

NNE of Pulau Karas-Ketjil. Two 10.1m patches and an 8.7m

patch lie, respectively, about 2 miles E, 1.75 miles ENE, and 2

miles NE of Pulau Karas-Ketjil. 

8.27 Fish stakes are reported to be situated in the vicinity of the

8.7m patch. 

8.27 The main channel, previously described, is deep and about

1.2 miles wide between these patches and the islet. Depths of

7.8 to 11m are found between these patches and Terumbu

Rotterdam (Rotterdam Reef) (0°46'N., 104°26'E.).

8.28 Karang Segutji (0°43'24"N., 104°22'30"E.) lies 0.9

mile S of Pulau Karas-Ketjil and uncovers. Shoals of 4.9m and

4.6m, steep-to on their E sides, extend about 0.2 mile SW and

NNW, respectively, from Karang Segubi.

8.28 There is a shoal, with a least depth of 0.2m, about 1 mile E of

Penika Islet (0°46'N., 104°17'E.).

8.28 A reef, with depths of less than 3.7m, on which there are

some rocks drying at LW. it extends 2 miles S of Pulau Mubut

Laut (0°49'N., 104°18'E.), which will be avoided by keeping

the W end of Pulau Karas-besar bearing 192°. 

8.28 A shoal with depths of 0.9 to 8.7m extends nearly 2 miles N

from both islands. Fishing stakes encumber the area.

8.28 A drying reef lies about 1.3 miles S of the W end of Pulau

Mubut Laut. The N extremity of Tanjung Sembulang, open of its

E extremity, leads E of it, but the W end of Pulau Karas-besar

well open of Pulau Mubut Laut, bearing 185°, is a better mark

according to the chart, and it also leads E of the 8.5m patch lying

about 2.2 miles E of Tanjung Sembulang (0°52'N., 104°16'E.).

The E side of the 8.5m patch is marked by a lighted buoy. 

8.28 Gosong Cemara (0°54'N., 104°14'E.), lying about 4 miles

NW of Tanjung Sembulang and 1.5 miles E of Pulau Cemara,

is about 1.3 miles long, NW and SE, with a least depth of 3m. 

8.28 The E end of Pulau Mubut Durat (0°49'N., 104°18'E.)

open of Tanjung Sembulang leads well E. A beacon marks

Gosong Cemara.

8.28 A flat, with less than 5.5m, extends for a distance of nearly 1

mile from the SE side of Pulau Cemara; between it and Gosong

Cemara the depths are from 6.1 to 9.1m.

8.28 An above-water rock, of a reddish color and having on it a

conspicuous tree, lies on the shore reef off the NE point of Pulau Subangmas (0°57'N., 104°10'E.).

8.29 Johannes Shoal (0°57'27"N., 104°11'32"E.), lying on

the E edge of the 5m curve fronting the bay between the E end

of Pulau Subangmas and Pulau Pencaras (0°58'N.,

104°11'E.), has a depth of 3.6m, with 12.8m close outside it. 

8.29 Tanjung Sembulang, kept open E of Tanjuk (0°57'N.,

104°12'E.), leads E of Johannes Shoal and of the reef extending from Pulau Pencaras.

8.29 Nginang Reef (0°59'33"N., 104°11'18"E.), small, awash,

and usually marked by fishing stakes, lies on the N side of the

E entrance to Selat Bulan, about 0.7 mile from the SE side of

Pulau Nginang. Depths of 7.3 and 9.1m lie about 0.3 mile SW

and NE, respectively, of the reef. The lighthouse on Pulau

Tandjung Sau, bearing 354°, leads E of Nginang Reef; a dangerous wreck lies about 2 miles NNE of the reef. 

8.29 A shoal, with a depth of 1.5m, lies about 2 miles SSE of the

lighthouse on Pulau Tandjung Sau. 

8.29 A dangerous wreck, position approximate, lies close SSE of

the shoal. The light, bearing 338°, leads between Nginang Reef

and the 1.5m shoal. 

8.29 Tanjung Uban (1°03'51"N., 104°13'06"E.), bearing N of

012°, leads E of it.

8.29 Another dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart, lies about

2 miles ENE of the lighthouse on Pulau Tandjung Sau.

8.29 An islet, consisting of several rocks above-water, largely

overgrown with brushwood, lies 0.5 mile NW of Pulau Tandjung Sau, and is surrounded by a reef which extends SW of it

nearly 0.5 mile; the reef dries at LW, and has a rock on it above

HW. About 0.5 mile NW of the islet is the S extremity of a narrow steep-to coral reef with a least depth of 0.3m; the N edge

of the reef, which has a depth of 3m, lies about 3 miles NNW

of the E extremity of Pulau Tandjung Sau. 

8.29 A depth of 7.3m lies NW of this extremity, between it and

the shore reef, in the fairway of the inshore passage. A 3.7m

shoal 0.5 mile in extent is located NE of the islet.

8.29 The depths decrease rather quickly under a depth of 18.3m

near the dangers just described.
98 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

8.30 Malang Orang (Karang Passo) (1°08'N., 104°10'E.),

an isolated reef, 0.5 mile in extent and which dries at LW, has

depths of 9.1 to 14.6m close-to, and is 0.5 mile offshore, with a

narrow channel, with depths of 7.3 to 11m between it and the

coastal reef; the drying portion lies 0.7 mile SE of Tanjung Sabang (1°08'27"N., 104°09'15"E.). A beacon is situated on Malang Orang.

Karang Galang (Pan Reef) (1°09'N., 104°11'E.), lying in

the N entrance of Selat Riau about 3 miles NE of Sabang, is

marked by a light; it is visible at LW, when it appears as a ridge

of black stones. The reef is 0.6 mile long NE-SW, 0.2 mile

wide, and steep-to in most places, with depths of 9.1 to 12.8m

close-to.

8.30 A shoal, with a least depth of 7.4m, lies about 0.2 mile E of

the light on Karang Galang; two 10m depths lie 0.3 mile ESE

and 183m S, respectively, of the same light. 

8.30 A wreck lies on the NW side of Karang Galang; two other

wrecks lie 2.5 and 6.5 miles WNW, respectively, of the light on

Karang Galang.

8.31 Pasop Reef (1°11'07"N., 104°09'07"E.), lying 2.5

miles NW of the light structure on Karang Galang and 1.3

miles offshore, is a coral patch, with a least depth of 1.8m and

with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m.

8.31 Batu Betata, a small islet, lies on the coastal reef about 2

miles W of Pasop Reef. 

8.31 There is a passage on either side of Karang Galang; on the W

side between the reef and the coast of Pulau Batam, although

not so wide as the E or main passage, has general depths of 11

to 14.6m. Vessels with a draft of less than 7.9m can safely use

this passage by day. Native pilots seldom use the E passage,

where the depths are much greater. 

8.31 An 8.2m shoal lies about 0.7 mile SW of the beacon on the

SW side of Karang Galang. A rocky patch of small extent, with a

depth of 7.3m, lies 2 miles SSW of the light on Karang Galang.

8.31 Mariners will find no difficulty in proceeding by either channel aided by the chart. The depths in the E channel are too irregular to admit of any useful description here, but the light

structure on Karang Galang will always point out the position

of that danger in time to give it a proper berth. 

8.31 Aspect.—Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.) and the

186m peak on Merodong (0°24'N., 104°27'E.) are useful

marks from the offing in making Selat Riau. 

8.31 The peak on Merodong, when seen from the S, presents a

conical appearance, and, being the only hill of this feature in

the vicinity, is conspicuous. It is one of the principal objects

which will enable a stranger to identify the entrance to Selat

Riau, for it can nearly at all times be seen over Pulau Mesanak

as the strait is approached. 

8.31 The hill, from the peak, forms a shoulder to the NW and

gradually slopes in that direction, so that after Pulau Mesanak

is passed the conical shape disappears.

8.31 Pulau Gin-Besar, Pulau Gin-Ketjil, and Pulau Numbing

(0°45'N., 104°44'E.), on the opposite side of the approach to

Selat Riau, are also good marks.

8.31 The shores of Selat Riau are heavily wooded and at various

places small villages are situated.

8.31 Another good mark is Tafelberg (Bukit Peg Datar)

(0°41'28"N., 104°13'26"E.), a table-topped mountain rising to

a height of 182m, on the W coast of Pulau Galang-Baru.

8.31 A light is shown on the SE side of Pulau Karas-Kebil

(0°44'N., 104°22'E.).

8.31 Range lights situated on Pulau Tunjuk, lead through the N

entrance of Selat Riau, but the beacons on which the lights are

shown are difficult to recognize.

8.31 A light is shown on the E end of Pulau Tandjung Sau

(1°03'N., 104°10'E.).

8.31 A light is shown on the NE end of Karang Galang (1°09'N.,

104°11'E.). 

8.31 Anchorage.—Good anchorage may be obtained on the bank

that extends about 4 miles E of Benan (0°29'N., 104°27'E.), in

depths of 10.1 to 18.3m.

8.31 Temporary anchorage may be obtained on and within Great

Bank (0°38'N., 104°19'E.) for vessels of light draft; the bank

has a least depth of 3.2m.

8.31 Good anchorage may be obtained S of Cemara Bank

(0°54'N., 104°14'E.) during the Southwest Monsoon, in 9.1m,

with the E end of Pulau Mubut Laut (0°49'N., 104°18'E.) just

open of Tanjung Sembulang (0°52'N., 104°16'E.), bearing

135°, and Pakaul Islet (0°52'06"N., 104°14'42"E.) bearing

180°.

8.31 Directions.—The E end of Pulau Karas-Ketjil (0°44'N.,

104°22'E.) open off Dempo Point (0°40'37"N., 104°20'57"E.),

the E end of Korek Rapat bearing 020°, leads E of Terum Haai

(0°35'N., 104°39'E.).

8.31 The lighthouse on Pulau Tandjung Sau (1°03'N.,

104°10'E.) in range with the E end of Pulau Sau (1°04'N.,

104°11'E.), bearing 174°, leads E of the dangers in the vicinity

of Van Goghs Islet (1°04'N., 104°10'E.), and Malang Djarum

(1°05'52"N., 104°13'15"E.), an islet off the E shore bearing

104°, leads N.

8.31 The lighthouse on Pulau Tandjung Sau, in range with the E

end of Pulau Sau, bearing 174°, is a good mark for passing between Karang Galang and Pasop Reef. 

Tandjung Butan (Tandjung Boetan) (1°07'N., 104°09'E.),

on the E coast of Pulau Batam, bearing 192°, also leads E of

Batu Betata. The lighthouse on Pulau Tandjung Sau, bearing

186°, leads E of Karang Galang and Batu Betata, and when

Pulau Nongsa (1°12'N., 104°05'E.) is open of Tanjung Babi

(1°11'N., 104°06'E.), a vessel will be N of them and in Singapore Strait.

Selat Riau—East Side

8.32 Pulau Telan (Telang) (0°44'N., 104°38'E.), the SW

point of which forms the SE limit of Selat Riau, is irregularlyshaped and nearly 5 miles long, NE and SW, and about 1 mile

wide. It is divided into two parts and may be identified by a

square hillock on its S end, 63m high, which, with a sharper

peak W of it, forms a saddle; the land from here to the W end is

the same elevation.

8.32 Pulau Mantang (0°47'N., 104°33'E.) and Pulau Senajolong (0°47'N., 104°37'E.), separated by the narrow channel

Selat Mara Limau (0°47'N., 104°35'E.), are together about 8

miles long, E and W, 1.5 miles wide, and lie NW of Pulau Telan. The channel is navigable only by small craft as the entrance is shallow. 

8.32 Pulau Mantang, the W island, is low, overgrown with mangroves, especially on the S coast, and encircled by a reef that

dries. The W side of the island is foul to a distance of about 0.2
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 99

Pub. 174

mile. On the N side of the island are the villages of Baru, Mantang, and Riouw.

8.32 Between Tanjung Punggung, the SW end of Pulau Mantang,

and the SW end of Pulau Senjolong, is a bay fronted by a

fringe of reef and a shallow bank extending in places nearly

0.75 mile upon which the latter lie detached patches of reef. 

Selat Telan (Selat Telang) (Telang Strait) (0°45'N.,

104°37'E.), between Pulau Senjolong and Pulau Telan, is about

2 miles wide. Another channel lies between Pulau Mantang

and Pulau Senjolong on the S and the coast of Pulau Bintan to

the N. These channels should only be used by vessels with local knowledge.

8.32 Pulau Ranggas (0°45'N., 104°29'E.), a small rock island,

thickly wooded and 50m high, is about 0.7 mile long and 0.2

mile wide; it lies about 2 miles WNW of Tanjung Punggung. 

8.32 From a distance this island looks very much like Southwest

Hill on the SW end of Pulau Mantang. There is a channel between Pulau Ranggas and Pulau Mantang, but it is not advisable to use it without local knowledge.

8.33 Pulau Belading (0°47'45"N., 104°29'15"E.), lying

about 2.2 miles N of Pulau Ranggas, is small, conspicuous, and

covered with trees; it is surrounded by a reef which extends

about 0.2 mile S.

8.33 Eastward of Pulau Ranggas and Pulau Belading are several

other islands lying off Pulau Mantang; they are wooded, but

lower than Pulau Belading. 

Pulau Tapai (Tapai Islands) (0°46'N., 104°27'E.) are a cluster of five round islets, covered with vegetation and lying on

coral ledges, between 2 to 3 miles W of Pulau Ranggas, on the

E side of the entrance to Selat Riau. The E group, consisting of

three and the W of two, both lying on drying reefs, are separated by a channel. 

8.33 When approached from the S these islets, as they rise above

the horizon, present very much the appearance of the hats in

use among the Malays. 

8.33 The NW and the E islands are the largest of the group; the

former is 25m high while the latter is 40m high.

8.33 Pulau Pangkil (0°50'N., 104°22'E.), attaining an elevation

of 48m, is about 2 miles in length in a N and S direction and

0.5 mile in breadth; it is hilly, wooded, and lies on the E side of

the main channel of Selat Riau, abreast Pulau Mubut Laut. 

8.33 It is surrounded by a reef which extends from 0.25 to 0.5

mile from the shore; near its SW point there is a narrow, sandy

beach and a village. A light is shown from the SW point of Pulau Pangkil.

8.34 Pulau Soreh (0°51'22"N., 104°23'27"E.), lying NE

about 2 miles ENE of the NE end of Pulau Pangkil, is a small,

low islet inhabited and covered with coconut trees; it is surrounded by a narrow sandy beach and a reef which extends to

the distance of 0.25 mile in places.

8.34 Pulau Dompak (0°53'N., 104°27'E.), 4 miles long and about

2 miles wide, is separated from the W coast of Pulau Bintan by

Selat Dompak (Dompak Strait) (0°53'N., 104°28'E.), a narrow

channel only available to boats. 

8.34 The land in the vicinity of the channel is quite hilly and surrounded with tall trees, as opposed to low land at the W extremity of the channel. Dompak Village is situated at the E extremity of the channel near Tanjung Rambut (0°52'03"N.,

104°29'24"E.). Dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie to

seaward of this point.

8.34 Pulau Basing (0°51'24"N., 104°25'36"E.) and Pulau

Sekatap (0°51'12"N., 104°27'30"E.), two low and wooded islets, lie off the S shore of Pulau Dompak, both being on a reef;

the former islet is inhabited.

8.34 Tanjung Pinang (0°55'N., 104°27'E.), located N of Pulau

Dompak, was formerly Rhio Island. The town and harbor of

Tanjungpinang are situated at its NW end. 

8.35 Pulau Penyengat (Pulau Penjengat) (0°56'N.,

104°25'E.) is a hilly thickly-wooded island located 1 mile W of

Tanjungpinang; it is about 1 mile in length, 0.3 mile in breadth,

and surrounded by a reef to the distance of 0.2 mile. 

8.35 A conspicuous tree, the top of which is 38m in height above

HW, stands on a hill at the W end of Pulau Penyengat

(0°56'N., 104°25'E.).

8.35 The island is connected with Senggarang, N of it, by a flat

with a depth of about 0.3m at LW, within which is Tanjungpinang inner roadstead.

8.35 A 2.2m patch lies 1.25 miles SW of the SW extremity of Pulau Penyengat, with a 3.3m patch about 0.1 mile E.

8.35 An obstruction lies about 2 miles SSW of the SW end of Pulau Penyengat.

8.35 Senggarang (0°58'N., 104°26'E.) is separated from Pulau

Bintan by a narrow channel filled up with mud and overgrown

with mangroves. The W end of Senggarang projects some 3

miles NW of Tanjungpinang. 

8.35 There is a large Chinese village on the S part of Senggarang,

opposite the town of Tanjungpinang. An obstruction lies 0.75

mile NNW of the town. 

8.36 Tanjungpinang (Rhio Town) (Riouw) (0°55'45"N.,

104°26'45"E.) (World Port Index No. 50040), the chief town of

the district, and the head of the government division of Bintan,

is situated on the NW point of the peninsula. Fort Crown

Prince (Krooprins) stands on a 71m high hillock located S of

the town. 

8.36 A pier extends about 0.15 mile NW of the town, with a flagstaff standing on the end of the pier head. At the root of this

pier lies the harbor master office. Two other piers extend into

the Sungai Carang just E of the flagstaff pier.

8.36 A pier, 750m in length with a T-head, projects WSW from

the shore at Tanjung Batuhitam (0°54'N., 104°26'E.), which

is located 1.5 miles S of the flagstaff.

8.36 A light is shown on the N side of Tanjung Batuhitam

(0°54'N., 104°27'E.).

8.36 Pilotage is compulsory. The pilot boards 2.5 miles WSW of

the Tanjung Batuhitam pier.

8.36 Vessels exceeding 3.7m in draft may anchor SW of Pulau

Penyengat (0°56'N., 104°25'E.), in about 6.4m ,with the whole

of Pulau Los (0°57'N., 104°25'E.) open W of Penyengat and

the town pier open eastward of Penyengat. 

8.36 The depths decrease gradually to the 5m curve; the bottom

consists of soft mud. 

8.36 With S and W winds, a considerable sea sets into the outer

roadstead, and it becomes difficult to load or discharge cargo

there. Toward the middle of the day, the wind generally goes

down except in July, August, December, and January.

8.36 Two lighted beacons, in range 004°, are shown near a wharf
100 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

(0°56'30"N., 104°26'30"E.) on the S side of Senggarang.

8.36 Pulau Los (0°57'21"N., 104°24'30"E.), about 0.5 mile W of

the W end of Senggarang, is small, wooded, and low at the

sides, but in the center is a hill 41m high; the islet is surrounded by a narrow reef on which there are some rocks.

8.37 Pulau Ujan (1°00'N., 104°23'E.), 18.3m high, is a

somewhat flat island, overgrown with trees; it is separated from

the S coast of Pulau Bintan by a narrow boat channel. On the

SE side of the island is the village of Pengudjan. A bank of

mud, sand, and drying rocks extends about 0.5 mile S of the island; a sandy spit extends nearly the same distance E from the

SE end. 

Teluk Bintan (Bintan Bay) (1°01'N., 104°26'E.) indents the

coast to the E of Pulau Ujan, into which several small rivers

discharge. Kapal and Ketir (1°00'N., 104°26'E.) are two low,

wooded islets lying on a bank that dries on the E side of the entrance to the bay. 

8.37 The S coast between Pulau Ujan and Pulau Lobam, about 7

miles W, is low and wooded; a bank extending off it dries at

LW for a distance of 1 mile in places.

Pulau Terkulai (Terkoelai) (0°57'N., 104°21'E.), lying

about 3 miles SW of Pulau Ujan, is low, flat, sandy, and surrounded by a reef which in places extends nearly 0.5 mile; it is

about 0.6 mile in length in an E and W direction, overgrown

with trees, and has coconut palms on its W side.

Pulau Loban (Pulau Lobam) (0°59'N., 104°15'E.), located

about 0.5 mile off the SW part of Pulau Bintan and separated

from it by a channel with depths of 9.1 to 29.3m, is highest on

the W side. A group of trees stand on the NW hill, the highest

of which, with a conspicuous wide flat top, is above the water. 

8.37 The middle and E parts are lower and partly covered with

mangroves, with mangrove lined channels running through

them.

Pulau Lobam-Ketjil (Lobam-Kecil) (0°58'51"N.,

104°13'51"E.), W of Pulau Loban, is hilly and wooded; the island appears as three peaks when viewed from N. 

8.37 A reef, which is steep-to, almost surrounds the islands and

extends in places to the distance of 0.3 mile. On the N side

there is a narrow sandy beach and a village; another village, the

houses of which may be seen from the strait, is situated on the

S side of the island.

8.38 Pulau Buan (Pulau Buau) (Pulau Boeau) (1°03'N.,

104°14'E.), flat at its N end and rising to an elevation of 28m

near its S end, fronts the bight between Tanjung Talu

(1°01'N., 104°14'E.) and Tanjung Uban, about 3 miles NNW; it

is thickly wooded and with the exception of a round lump

which rises in its center. It is reported to be lower than the adjacent land. There is a white rock on the reef on its W side. 

8.38 The island is bordered by a reef to a distance of about 0.1

mile. A light is exhibited from the N end of the island. 

8.38 There is a reef, with a depth of 2.1m, 0.5 mile N of Pulau

Buan. 

Tanjung Uban (Tanjunguban) (1°04'N., 104°13'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50030) is situated on the W coast of Pulau Bintan at the N entrance of Selat Riau. Tanjung Uban is primarily

an oil terminal for trans-shipping oil owned by P. T. Stanvac Indonesia. 

8.38 There are six T-headed berths which accommodate vessels

up to 243m in length. These jetties, numbered 1 through 6 from

the N, vary in length. Jetty 1 and Jetty 2 can handle LPG products and have 17.4 and 11.7m alongside, respectively. 

8.38 The naval base at Mentigi, S of the above berths, comprises

two jetties, each 100m in length, and lying perpendicular to the

shoreline.

8.38 Some oil tanks, with a boiler house, stand close N of Tanjung Uban (1°04'N., 104°13'E.); three tall chimneys are plainly visible when approaching from either N or S; radio masts

stand about 0.5 mile S of the chimneys. 

8.38 An unofficial light is shown from the head of each of the petroleum piers at Tanjung Uban. 

8.38 A beacon, with a red cylindrical topmark, stands on the shore

reef about 1 mile N of Tanjung Uban. 

8.38 Pilotage for berthing is reported to be compulsory for all vessels. Advanced notice of 72 hours must be given. Vessels berth

between the hours of 0600 and 1800 and unberth at any time.

The pilot boards 1.25 miles SW of the S pier. For vessels arriving from the N the pilot boards in position 1°15.1'N,

104°12.0'E. 

8.38 There is good anchorage, but currents are strong. Anchorage

is inadvisable W of the piers at Tanjung Uban because of poor

holding ground in the vicinity, the existence of a telegraph cable in

the area, and the fact that the line of range lights on Tanjuk

(0°57'N., 104°12'E.) lies close to the Bintan coast here. 

8.38 Quarantine formalities should be carried out at Sambu Road

(1°10'N., 103°53'E.) before arrival at Tanjung Uban (1°04'N.,

104°13'E.).

8.38 Caution is necessary when docking at Tanjung Uban as a

reef lies parallel to the dock, and an undercurrent frequently

sets in the opposite direction to the main surface current. 

8.39 Malang Djarum (1°06'N., 104°13'E.) is a small islet,

covered with low trees, lying about 2 miles N of Tanjung Uban,

on the edge of the reef fronting the shore, which extends about

0.4 mile off.

8.39 Sekerah (1°07'15"N., 104°14'40"E.), a wooded islet about

24m high, lies 2 miles NE of Malang Djarum and close off

Tanjung Sebung (1°07'N., 104°15'E.).

Copyright Bjorn Grotting

Tanjungpinang—Ferry Teminal
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 101

Pub. 174

8.39 The shore reef which fronts the coast from Tanjung Uban extends about 0.3 mile outside Sekerah. To the NE it blocks the

whole of Teluk Sebong (Sebung Bay) (1°09'N., 104°17'E.),

between Sekerah and Tanjung Tondang, about 6 miles ENE;

the bay is encumbered with reefs.

8.39 Tanjung Tondang (1°11'N., 104°19'E.), the NW end of Pulau Bintan and the NE limit of Selat Riau, is a rocky, wooded

point. 

8.39 Pulau Tondang (1°10'45"N., 104°18'37"E.) lies a little more

than 183m W of Tanjung Tondang and S of this islet there is a

rock on which there are palms. Panjang islets or rocks lie on

the shore reef SE of Tanjung Tondang.

8.39 Tides—Currents.—The tidal currents in Selat Telan

(0°45'N., 104°37'E.), the channel S of Pulau Mantang and Pulau Senjolong, and the channel N of the same islands run with

considerable strength; there are overfalls or tide rips.

8.39 The current runs at the rate of about 5 knots in the channel in

the vicinity of Tanjung Uban, and about 2 to 5 knots at the

berths at the loading station.

8.39 The tide in the China Sea comes from the N; and being divided by Pulau Bintan, sweeps around its shores and flows into

Selat Riau at both entrances, the current from Singapore Strait

at the N end meeting that from the S, NE of Terumbu Soreh

(0°53'N., 104°23'E.).

8.39 The tidal currents in the S approaches to Selat Riau E of Pulau Lingga and the other islands has the flood current running

NNW more or less parallel to the islands, with indrafts into the

several straits, and the ebb in the opposite direction.

8.39 In the N entrance, on the W side, a portion of the flood current

entering the strait is deflected between Malang Orang and

Karang Galang (1°09'N., 104°11'E.) and runs as an eddy to the

NW, with the flood to Singapore, or in the reverse direction to

the flood current entering the main passage of Selat Riau. 

8.39 The ebb takes the reverse direction, circling S of Karang Galang, where it joins the main current ebbing NE. This must be

guarded against when near Karang Galang.

8.39 The main body of the S current follows the trend of the W

shore past the Karas Islands (0°44'N., 104°22'E.) and turns

gradually to the W into Selat Dempo, much of it diverging to

the S through the channels dividing the several groups of islands lying between Pulau Mesanak (0°25'N., 104°31'E.) and

Selat Dempo, and a portion turning off to the NW in the direction of the Karas Islands. 

8.39 This is joined by the currents flowing through Selat Telan

and adjacent channels.

8.39 To the E of Pulau Pangkil, between it and the Pulau Tapai,

the flood current from the N entrance is met by the flood current coming around the E side of Pulau Bintan and through Selat Telan and adjacent channels, which curves around Pulau

Mantang, and thence taking a NW direction. 

8.39 The direction of the flood current at Tanjung Pinang and N

into Teluk Bintan is N. The flood current at Pulau Terkulai runs

SE, toward Tanjung Pinang. The current sets W through Selat

Bulan and Selat Tiung, on the W shore of Selat Riau.

8.39 The monsoons and currents of the China Sea very much affects

the regularity of the currents, which are strong, and at springs rush

with considerable velocity through the channels among the islands, forming numerous eddies and stirring up the mud. 

8.39 In the narrow N part of Selat Riau, abreast Tanjung Uban,

this is particularly the case, the current running from 3 to 4

knots, and sometimes even 4.5 and 5 knots.

8.39 A reef fringes the W end of Telang Besar (0°44'N.,

104°38'E.) to a distance of about 0.2 mile, with depths of 11 to

12.8m close-to; a patch of 6.9m lies 0.35 mile W of the W extremity of the island.

Terumbu Hendrik Jan (Hendrik Jan Rock) (0°41'15"N.,

104°37'45"E.), a small but dangerous pinnacle, with a depth of

3.2m, and 14.6 to 18.3m close-to, lies 0.3 mile SSE of the SE

point of Pulau Telan. A patch with a depth of 8.2m lies about

0.4 mile SW of the rock.

8.39 A rock, which dries at LW springs, lies about 0.5 mile E of

the E end of Pulau Senjolong (0°47'N., 104°37'E.).

Gosong Thomas (Thomas Bank) (0°44'18"N.,

104°34'39"E.), a patch 0.4 mile in extent, with a depth of 5m,

lies about 0.7 mile WSW of Pulau Serai (0°44'45"N.,

104°35'21"E.).

8.39 There is a ridge with 7.3m of water lying 0.6 mile W of Gosong Thomas.

8.40 Selat Telang (0°45'N., 104°37'E.) has varying depths

of 26 to 44m in mid-channel and from 9.1 to 16m near the

shore on either side. Some reefs lie at the E end of the channel

N of the E extremity of Telang Besar, rendering it somewhat

intricate; it should only be used by those thoroughly acquainted

with it. 

8.40 The channel N of Pulau Mantang (0°47'N., 104°33'E.) and

Pulau Siulung, and the coast of Pulau Bintan N of Pulau Bunut (0°47'45"N., 104°35'00"E.) has several islands and reefs

lying in places 2.5 miles from Pulau Mantang. 

8.40 The farthest W of these are Pulau Belading (0°48'N.,

104°29'E.) and Alligator Reef, about 1.2 miles S. Vessels

should not pass E of a line drawn from them to Pulau Ranggas

(0°45'N., 104°29'E.). 

8.40 Two reefs, Malang Berdaun and Karang Pasir, lie on the N

side of the channel. The entrance to this channel, between

Karang Pasir and Pulau Belading, is 1.5 miles wide, with

depths of from 7.3 to 9.1m, but E of Pulau Antu (0°48'12"N.,

104°31'51"E.), the reported depths in mid-channel increase to

about 12.8 to 26m. 

8.40 Enam Village and the river of that name are situated on the

Bintan coast N of Pulau Bunut, and a rock that dries lies about

0.2 mile SW of the river entrance. 

8.40 All the coast is wooded but not high and at the E end of the

channel are several islands and reefs, which makes local

knowledge required. A number of the reefs are marked by fishing stakes.

8.40 A 5.5m patch lies about 0.6 mile WNW of the N end of Pulau Ranggas; another 5.5m patch lies about 0.5 mile SW of the

same point.

8.41 Alligator Reef (0°46'27"N., 104°29'06"E.), dry at

LW, lies about 1 mile N of Pulau Ranggas, and is about 0.25

mile in extent, with depths of 7.3 and 9.1m close-to. A shoal,

with a least depth of 1.5m, lies between the reef and Pulau

Mantang. 

8.41 Several reefs, drying at LW, lie S of a line joining Pulau Belading and Pulau Antu; their positions are sometimes indicated

by fishing stakes. North of the line joining the above islands,

the channel is clear.

8.41 Eastward of Pulau Antu are Pulau Kekip (0°47'45"N.,
102 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

104°33'45"E.) and Pulau Bunut (0°47'30"N., 104°35'00"E.),

separated from Pulau Mantang by a narrow channel, in which

there are depths of less than 7.3m; the two islands are entirely

overgrown. A 7.3m shoal, marked by a black conical buoy, lies

nearly 1 mile ENE of the E end of Pulau Antu. 

8.42 Malang Berdaun (0°49'54"N., 104°28'54"E.), lying

on the N side of the N channel about 2 miles N of Pulau Belading on the S side, is awash at LW, about 0.3 mile in extent, and

forms, with that island, the W entrance to the channel between

Pulau Mantang and the coast of Pulau Bintan. It lies on the outer edge of the shallow bank which extends nearly 1 mile from

the coast of Pulau Bintan at Tanjung Motjoh (Tandjoengmotjoh) (0°50'N., 104°30'E.). Karang Landjut (0°50'21"N.,

104°29'12"E.), which dries, lies between Malang Berdaun and

the shore. 

8.42 Karang Pasir (0°49'30"N., 104°29'48"E.), lies 1 mile ESE

of Malang Berdaun, with a spit having depths of 2.7 to 3.7m,

extending 1 mile E from it. To the W of these reefs there are

several large fishing enclosures, erected on the edge of the

shore bank, which can be seen from some distance.

8.42 A small coral reef, which dries at very LW, lies 0.5 mile

NNW of the W islet of Pulau Tapai (0°46'N., 104°27'E.). A

shoal, about 0.5 mile long, N and S, with a least depth of 5m,

lies with its outer edge lying 0.75 mile SE of the E islet of Pulau Tapai. 

8.42 A shoal, with depths of 6.9 to 9.1m, extends SSW for about 4

miles from Pulau Tapai; this shoal lies near the E side of the

fairway of Selat Riau and should be given a wide berth by vessels of deep draft, as less water might exist.

8.42 A 7.8m shoal, marked by a lighted buoy, lies about 5 miles

SW of Pulau Renggas (0°45'N., 104°29'E.).

8.43 Terumbu Rotterdam (Rotterdam Reef) (0°46'15"N.,

104°25'30"E.), about 0.75 mile W of the W islet of Pulau

Tapai, is the southernmost of the shallow dangers bounding the

S entrance of Selat Riau. It consists of sand and rocks, and has

a least depth of 2.7m, with 5.5 to 9.1m around it; it is not

marked by discoloration. 

8.43 A beacon, surrounded by two red cylinders, stands on the W

side of the reef.

8.43 A 7.8m shoal lies about 2 miles to the N of Terumbu Rotterdam.

8.43 A shoal composed of sand and stones, with a depth of 5.6m,

lies about 0.3 mile WNW of Terumbu Rotterdam with the N

end of the W islet of Pulau Tapai bearing 101°, distant 2 miles,

and the light structure on Pulau Karas-Ketjil bearing 214°.

8.44 Dutch Shoal (0°47'48"N., 104°24'15"E.), 0.25 mile

in extent, with 5.5m, and 11 to 12.8m close to its W side, lies

about 1.3 miles SE of the SE end of Pulau Pangkil. 

8.44 An 8.5m shoal lies about 1 mile W of the middle of the W

side of Pulau Pangkil. A flat, with less than 5.5m, extends

about 0.7 mile off the NW part of Pulau Pangkil; the 10m curve

is nearly 1.3 miles from the island.

8.44 Pangkil Reef (0°51'24"N., 104°21'57"E.), a patch of rocks

which dries at LW, is about 0.25 mile in diameter and lies about

0.6 mile N of Pulau Pangkil.

8.44 Rupels Reef (0°49'40"N., 104°23'09"E.), which dries at LW,

is about 0.2 mile in extent and lies 1.5 miles SE of the NE end

of Pulau Pangkil. A narrow ridge on which the depths are less

than 5.5m extends about 0.7 mile S from Rupels Reef.

8.44 A flat, with depths of 3.7 to 9.1m, extends about 2 miles SE

of Pulau Soreh (0°51'N., 104°23'E.). A lighted buoy marks the

E side of a 5.5m shoal lying about 0.7 mile ESE of the same island; a dangerous wreck lies off the NE side of Pulau Soreh. 

8.44 One of the reefs of Terumbu Soreh (Soreh Reefs) (0°53'N.,

104°23'E.) lies about 1.3 miles NNW of Pulau Soreh; it is

about 0.3 mile in diameter, with depths 7.3 to 14.6m in the passage between. About 1 mile NW from this detached reef is the

SE end of the largest of Terumbu Soreh; it is a narrow strip of

sand and coral about 1.3 miles in length in a NW and SE direction, and surrounded by a flat with depths of 3.7 to 5.5m, with

9.1 to 12.8m close-to. They are covered at HW.

8.44 Patches of less than 5.5m extend 1 mile SE of Pulau Basing

(0°51'N., 104°26'E.); E of it there is a reef which dries at LW.

8.44 From Pulau Basing, a bank with 2.7 to 5.5m near its edge,

and 12.8 to 16.5m at a short distance, extends in a N direction,

trending about 0.3 mile W of Tanjung Setumu (0°52'24"N.,

104°25'15"E.), and then to Pulau Penjengat. A buoy is moored

about 1 mile S of Tanjung Setumu. This buoy marks the edge

of the coastal bank which extends from the W side of Setumu. 

8.44 The navigable channel between Setumu and Pulau Soreh is

about 0.7 mile wide, and is used by vessels bound to Tanjungpinang from the S. 

8.44 An obstruction, marked by a beacon, lies about 0.5 mile S of

the SW extremity of Pulau Penjengat.

8.44 A wreck, with a depth of 2.2m and marked by a buoy, lies

sunk in the outer roadstead in a position 2.5 miles W of the

light at Tanjung Batuhitam (0°54'18"N., 104°26'33"E.).

8.45 Teluk Bintan (1°01'N., 104°26'E.) is shallow, with

the exception of a narrow channel from 0.25 to nearly 0.5 mile

in breadth with a depth of over 5.5m, that commences abreast

Pulau Penjengat, and runs for a short distance into it.

8.45 An isolated shoal, with a depth of 3.2m, lies nearly 0.5 mile

outside the 5m curve, about 2 miles SE of the light structure on

Pulau Terkulai (0°57'N., 104°21'E.); several patches, on

which there are depths of 8.7m, lie within 1 mile W of the

shoal. A buoy marks the SW side of the 3.2m shoal.

8.45 An isolated shoal, with a depth of 7.8m, lies about 4 miles

SW of the light on Pulau Terkulai.

8.45 Two piles are situated about 1.7 miles SW of the light on Pulau Terkulai.

8.45 An isolated shoal, with a depth of 6.9m, lies about 6 miles

SSW of the light on Pulau Terkulai; a lighted buoy is moored

close E of the shoal.

8.45 A rock, always visible, lies on the reef extending NW of Pulau Lobam-kecil (0°59'N., 104°14'E.); outside it are two

rocks, awash.

8.45 Isabella Bank (0°57'N., 104°16'E.), located S of Pulau Lobam, is 0.7 mile in length, E and W, 0.2 mile in breadth, and

has 1.8 to 3.7m. A spit, with 5.5 to 7.3m, stretches from its E

extremity nearly 1 mile in an ESE direction. 

8.45 The depths at a short distance from the S side of the bank are

about 11m but its SW edge is steep-to, there being 20m at a

short distance. A beacon stands near the center of the bank.

8.46 Orion Rock (0°58'42"N., 104°13'24"E.), lying on the

E side of the fairway of Selat Riau, W of Pulau Lobam, is
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 103

Pub. 174

about 30m in extent, with a least depth of 4.6m and 11 to

14.6m close around it. It lies 0.4 mile W of the W end of Pulau

Lobam-Ketjil.

8.46 Plasit Reef (1°01'N., 104°14'E.), which dries, lies about 0.5

mile SW of Tanjung Talu, on the S side of a shoal 0.25 mile in

extent. Two patches of reef, together nearly 1 mile in length

and dry in places at LW, lie with their W extremity about 0.2

mile S of Plasit Reef; between these reefs and a reef with 1.8m,

NW of Pulau Lobam, there are charted depths of 8.2 to 16.5m.

A rocky patch, dry at LW, lies 0.3 mile N of Plasit Reef and the

same distance offshore. 

8.46 These dangers, which consist of sand and rock, are dry at

LW and steep-to; between them and Pulau Bintan there is a

channel about 0.2 to 0.3 mile in width, with depths of about

18.3m, then continuing NE of Pulau Lobam with depths of

about 9.1 to 27m. 

8.46 This channel leads S into Selat Riau, passing between the

reef extending E of Pulau Lobam and Irene Bank (0°59'N.,

104°17'E.). 

8.46 Malang Senggera (1°04'45"N., 104°13'00"E.) is a ledge of

flat rocks, which only covers at the highest tides, lying 0.2 mile

offshore, about 1 mile N from Tanjung Uban. The reef fronting

the shore extends 183m outside them, and at LW dry heads of

rocks will be seen on this reef extending nearly as far as Tanjung Uban.

8.46 Malang Ladi (1°05'12"N., 104°13'00"E.) a group of rocks on

the shore reef at 0.5 mile N of Malang Senggera, are above HW.

8.46 A patch of rock, with less than 1.8m of water, lies almost 1

mile NNE of Malang Djarum (1°05'52"N., 104°13'15"E.),

which here lies 1 mile off the shore and is steep-to; it should be

given a good berth.

8.46 There is a 12.8m patch lying 1.75 miles NW of Tanjung Sebong; an 11.9m patch lies 1.75 miles NNW of the same point. A

10.1m shoal lies 2.75 miles NNW of Tanjung Sebong. 

8.46 Netscher Shoal (1°09'N., 104°15'E.), the outer part of which

lies about 1 mile outside the edge of the shore reef, is about 0.5

mile in diameter, composed of hard sand and coral, and has a

patch, with less than 1.8m on its NW edge. 

8.46 This shoal spot lies 1.5 miles NNE of the W extremity of

Sekerah. Close to the W side of this danger there are depths of

11.0 to 14.6m; it should be given a wide berth.

8.47 Crocodile Shoal (1°11'N., 104°17'E.), a small patch

of hard sand, with a depth of 5.5m, lies about 2 miles W of

Tanjung Tondang. A rocky patch, consisting of three rocks,

0.75 mile SW of Crocodile Shoal; the westernmost rock lies 3

miles WSW of the N extremity of Tanjung Tondang. The two

W rocks, are 183m apart, have depths of 2.1 to 2.4m. The E

rock, which is smaller, has a depth of 3.7m. About 0.2 mile S

of the W rock, there is a patch of 7.3m.

8.47 Batu Senukuh (1°09'22"N., 104°16'E.), the farthest offshore

of the above rocks in Teluk Sebong, is 3m high and lies about 3

miles SE of the W end of Sekerah. 

8.47 Batu Bunung (1°08'37"N., 104°15'58"E.), a rock which

dries 1.8m, lies 0.75 mile S of Batu Senukuh. 

8.47 There are other isolated rocks in Teluk Sebong, which can

best be seen on the chart.

8.47 Southwest Hill (0°44'36"N., 104°30'56"E.) rises to a height

of 81m on the SW end of Pulau Mantang; it is wooded and appears as a double-peaked hill when seen from the S.

8.47 A light is shown from Tanjung Punggung (Poenggoeng)

(0°44'30"N., 104°30'45"E.), the SW end of Pulau Mantang; the

point is a good radar target at a distance of 10 miles.

8.47 Siulung Hill (0°45'24"N., 104°35'15"E.) rises to a height of

126m near the SW end of Pulau Siulung. It rises abruptly on its

N side and terminates S in a bluff point. 

8.47 Pulau Serai (0°45'N., 104°35'E.), 20m high and inhabited,

lies close S of the SW end of Pulau Siulung.

8.47 At a distance of 12 miles to the S, both Siulung and Southwest Hills, owing to the land between them being low, appear

as islands.

8.48 Gunung Bintan-besar (1°04'N., 104°27'E.) and Gunung Bintan-ketjil (1°07'N., 104°27'E.), N of Teluk Bintan,

are useful landmarks in approaching Singapore Strait from the

China Sea and are visible over a large portion of Selat Riau.

8.48 A light is shown near the W end Pulau Terkulai (0°57'N.,

104°21'E.).

8.48 A light is shown on the SW end of Pulau Lobam-Ketjil

(0°59'N., 104°14'E.).

8.48 Directions.—The summit of Pulau Lobam (0°59'N.,

104°15'E.) open of the W end of Pulau Pangkil, bearing 328° is

a good mark to clear the W edge of the triangular-shaped bank

that lies SE of Pulau Pangkil ( 0°50'N., 104°22'E.). 

8.48 The lighthouse on Pulau Terkulai (0°57'N., 104°21'E.), bearing 085°, leads to the S of Isabella Bank (0°57'N., 104°16'E.);

the lighthouse on Tanjungsau (1°03'N., 104°10'E.), in range

with, or open of, the W end of Pulau Lobam-Ketjil, about 330°,

leads well to the W of Isabella Bank. 

8.48 For clearing Orion Rock (0°59'N., 104°13'E.), the light

structure on Pulau Tanjungsau bearing N of 338°, or Tanjung

Uban (1°04'N., 104°13'E.), bearing 002°, leads W, and the SE

extremity of Pulau Lobam, bearing N of 090°, leads S of the

rock. 

8.48 Tanjuk (0°57'N., 104°12'E.) front range light, in sight at

night, leads W of Orion Rock through the fairway of Selat

Riau. 

8.48 For clearing Plasit Reef (1°01'N., 104°14'E.), Pulau Lobam-Ketjil, bearing 161°, or E of that bearing, or Tanjunguban,

bearing E of 000°, leads W of the reef and all dangers. 

8.48 For clearing Crocodile Shoal (1°11'N., 104°17'E.), Sekerah,

bearing 192°, leads W of the shoal and the patches SW; the N

end of Tanjung Pergam (1°11'24"N., 104°20'24"E.), bearing

088°, leads N of the shoal and the 5.9m patch 0.6 mile ENE.

8.48 For clearing all the dangers N of Malang Djarum (1°06'N.,

104°13'E.), Pulau Tanjungsau Light, bearing S of 209°, leads

W of the dangers.

8.49 Transiting Selat Riau from S presents few difficulties.

The normal care and prudence required in narrow waters

should suffice in the fairway. Some difficulty has at times been

experienced by strangers in recognizing the entrance to Selat

Riau on account of the numerous islands in its vicinity. 

8.49 The high conical peak of Merodong (0°24'N., 104°27'E.)

should be made out as soon as possible, that being the first conspicuous object on approaching the strait. If this can be discerned no difficulty will be found in making out the other

points as the vessel is on its way to proceed.

8.49 Pulau Dempo (0°36'N., 104°19'E.), and Tafelberg Hill on

that island, on the W side of the strait, the prominent hill on the
104 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

SW end of Pulau Mantang, Pulau Telang (0°44'N., 104°38'E.),

and Pulau Gin-besar (0°45'N., 104°44'E.), with a flat peak

near its center, on the E side of the strait, will, at a distance of

14 miles, readily show the approach to the strait, while at a

nearer distance Pulau Karas-kecil Light (0°44'N., 104°22'E.),

Pulau Tapai (0°46'N., 104°27'E.), Pulau Ranggas (0°45'N.,

104°29'E.), and other islands can not fail to point out its entrance.

8.49 A vessel intending to proceed through the strait should, from

a position about 13 miles E of Tanjung Jang (0°18'S.,

105°00'E.), the E end of Pulau Lingga and from which a light

is shown, steer 329° for about 39 miles to a position about 8

miles NE of Pollux Rock (0°10'N., 104°47'E.). From this position a course of 312° leads into the middle of the S entrance of

Selat Riau.

8.49 Care should be taken to guard against the strong tidal currents often encountered in this area.

8.49 From a position in the middle of the S entrance, about 6

miles SW of Tanjung Punggung (0°45'N., 104°31'E.), steer to

pass W of the spit extending into the swept channel from the

east shore. 

8.49 The outer edge of this spit is marked by a lighted buoy situated about 4 miles SE of Pulau Karas-kecil Light in a depth of

about 7.8m. From close W of the outer end of the spit shape a

course to pass about 1 mile off Pulau Karas-kecil Light.

8.49 From abreast Pulau Karas-kecil Light, shape courses through

the fairway to pass about 1.2 miles W of Pulau Labam-Ketjil, a

distance of 17 miles, observing that the E end of Pulau Mubut

Laut, bearing 183°, with the W end of Pulau Karas-besar

(0°45'N., 104°20'E.) just open, astern, until the N extremity of

Tanjung Sembulang (0°52'N., 104°16'E.) bears S of 259°,

leads E of the 8.7m patch near the fairway.

8.49 Tanjuk Light structures in range astern lead W of Orion

Rock and E of a 1.5m shoal and wreck, situated on the W side

of the channel about 1.2 miles E of the N end of Pulau

Ngenang (1°00'N., 104°10'E.) and E of Karang Galang

(1°09'N., 104°11'E.), but they are not easily picked up from a

distance when approaching from the N and are obscured by coconut trees when approaching from the S.

8.49 From abreast Orion Rock, steer with Tanjung Uban bearing

002° until abreast the S end of Pulau Buan (1°03'N., 104°14'E.)

to pass between it and the 1.5m shoal off the N end of Pulau

Ngenang; then alter course to pass from 0.5 to 0.75 mile W of

Tanjung Uban, steering to pass E of Karang Galang Light.

8.49 A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 0.6 mile W of

Tanjung Uban.

8.49 The mark used for passing E of Karang Galang is Pulau Tanjungsau Light, bearing 186°, or Bukit Pelali (1°24'N.,

104°12'E.) on the Malay Peninsula, W of 000°. 

8.49 A vessel will be clear of Batu Betata (1°11'N., 104°09'E.)

when Pulau Nongsa (1°12'N., 104°05'E.) opens N of Tanjung

Babi (1°12'N., 104°06'E.), bearing 279°, and may then shape

course for Singapore Road or the China Sea.

8.49 The channel W of Karang Galang is used sometimes in preference to the channel to the E. 

8.50 Pulau Tanjungsau Light (1°03'N., 104°10'E.), in

range with the E end of Pulau Sau, bearing 173°, leads through

nearly in mid-channel W of Karang Galang and E of Batu Betata (1°11'N., 104°09'E.).

8.50 At night, sufficient lighted aids exist to permit negotiation of

Selat Riau at night with no untoward difficulty. Frequent cross

bearings should enable the navigator to remain in the swept

channel, which is more than 1 mile wide throughout, and to

follow directions given above. 

8.50 The Tanjuk Range Lights (0°57'N., 104°12'E.) indicate a

course clear of dangers near the fairway in the N section of the

strait.

8.50 Selat Riau from N, for vessels leaving Singapore at HW, or

about the first quarter of the ebb or E current, and taking about

4 hours to reach the entrance of Selat Riau, will probably carry

a fair tidal current through both straits, but no dependence can

be placed on it.

8.50 The directions previously given in paragraph 8.49 for proceeding N through Selat Riau, if reversed, will suffice for proceeding S. Deep draft vessels should pass E of Karang Galang.

8.51 Eastern Channel through Selat Riau can be used by

small vessels proceeding through a swept channel in the S part

of the E side of the strait. The least depth in the fairway of this

channel is 6.9m.

8.51 Pilotage.—Pilots for Sungei Kolak (0°51'N., 104°36'E.) are

embarked about 2 miles NW of the W end of Setumu (0°53'N.,

104°27'E.). The pilot boat is reported to be a small black

launch.

8.51 There is a port radio station at Tanjungpinang. There is frequent sea communication with Singapore. Kijang Airport is

situated 5.5 miles E of the town. 

8.51 Anchorage.—There is good anchorage between Gosong

Thomas (0°44'N., 104°35'E.) and Southwest Hill, about 4

miles W, in depths of 11 to 14.6m, with shelter from N winds,

but vessels should not anchor in depths of less than 9.1m, as

within that depth the bottom becomes irregular.

8.51 The usual anchorage for a large vessel is in about 25.6m,

sand and good holding ground, with Pulau Tanjungsau Light

bearing 248° and the head of the northernmost pier bearing

008°. 

8.51 Care must be exercised to anchor with a long scope of chain

due to the strong currents in the channel.

8.51 There is safe anchorage in Teluk Sebong, in 7.3m, sand and

mud, about 1 mile ENE of Batu Senukuh (1°09'22"N.,

104°16'00"E.). 

8.51 Caution.—Several shallow patches lie in Selat Sendara

(0°44'N., 104°40'E.), between Pulau Telan and the Gin Islands

but they all, except for Terumbu Hendrik Jan (0°41'N.,

104°38'E.), lie out of the ordinary track of vessels, and are dangerous only in the event of this channel being mistaken in thick

weather for the entrance to Selat Riau. 

8.51 Vessels should give these islands a berth of 2 miles in passing and not bring Pulau Teroti (0°42'N., 104°47'E.) E of 080°

until Southwest Hill on Pulau Mantang comes well open of Pulau Telan, bearing about 304°, or N of that bearing.

North to Singapore Strait from Selat Bangka via

Selat Berhala and Selat Durian—Alternate Inner

Route

8.52 Tanjung Jabung (Djaboong) (1°00'S., 104°22'E.),

the SW limit of the Inner Route, is conspicuous, and partly

overgrown with trees. Like most other parts of the Eastern
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 105

Pub. 174

coast of Sumatera, it is low land and is fronted by a mud bank

to various distances, as best seen on the chart. A light is shown

from Tanjung Jabung. 

8.52 Pulau Berhala (0°52'S., 104°24'E.) is a rocky island largely

covered with high trees. Two bare peaks, each 91m high, rise

on the W side of the island; the island is inhabited. It lies in the

middle of Selat Berhala, nearly between Tanjung Jabung and

Tanjung Buku, the SW end of Pulau Singkep. Except on the W

side, the island is surrounded by a reef which dries at LW, and

extends for a distance of 0.2 mile from the E side. A light is

shown from Pulau Berhala. 

8.52 Anak Berhala (0°51'S., 104°25'E.), a wooded islet, lies

about 0.5 mile NE of Pulau Berhala.

8.52 Anchorage is available 0.5 mile N and W of Pulau Berhala,

in depths of 13 to 15m. If anchoring N of the island, care must

be taken not to go to far to the E as a drying rock lies 0.4 mile

N of the NE point of the island.

8.52 The channel N of Pulau Berhala to Pulau-pulau Singkeplaut,

10 miles NE, is not recommended; it is not safe, on account of

uncharted dangers that probably exist and the rocks in it. Pulau

Berhala Light, which is situated on the S side of the island, is

not visible throughout the channel transit.

8.52 A stranded wreck lies on a previously uncharted pinnacle of

rock approximately 3.5 miles NE of Pulau Berhala Light.

8.52 Several dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, lie NE of

Tanjung Jabung and SW of Pulau Berhala.

8.53 Selat Berhala (Berhala Strait) (0°57'S., 104°24'E.),

the channel S of Pulau Berhala, being generally free from danger, is consequently more frequented; the least depth charted is

6.9m. The shallow mud fronting the coast W of Tanjung

Jabung extends some 4 miles N of Berbak (1°03'S.,

104°14'E.), an island lying about 9 miles W of the point. It is

steep-to beyond the 5m curve, and must be given a wide berth.

8.53 Pulau Singkep (0°30'S., 104°30'E.) forms the N side of the

entrance to Selat Berhala, N of Pulau Berhala. The island’s E

portion extending E of Tanjung Malang (0°39'S., 104°30'E.)

has been described in paragraph 8.3.

8.53 Petro China Marine Terminal (0°55'S., 104°05'E.) consists

of the FSO vessel Federal 1 and is situated just SW of Selat

Berhala. Pilotage is compulsory unless proceeding to the anchorage; pilotage is provided by a Mooring Master, who

boards in either a position agreed to by both parties or at the

anchorage in vicinity of position 0°53'S, 104°06'E. 

8.53 The vessel’s ETA should be sent 72 hours, 48 hours, and 24

hours prior to arrival at the terminal. The Mooring Master

should be advised of any change in ETA of more than 2 hours.

Berthing is only available during daylight hours and is subject

to weather conditions. Vessels are to monitor VHF channels 16

and 71.

8.53 Caution.—A restricted area, with a radius of 1,000m, has

been established centered on position 0°55.8'S, 104°04.0'E. 

8.53 Teluk Baruk (Baroek Bay) (0°38'S., 104°26'E.) lies between Tanjung Malang and Tanjung Buku, the S extremities of

Pulau Singkep. It is about 6 miles wide and 4 miles in length to

its head from abreast the 10m curve, within which line the

depths are reduced to 3.7m and less over the greater portion of

it.

8.53 Tanjung Buku (0°41'S., 104°22'E.) has the prominent hill

Gunung Buku, 137m high, on it. Bukit Porok, about 2.7 miles

N of Tanjung Buku, has a sharp peak about 149m high.

Kepulauan Singkeplaut (Singkep Laoet Islands) (0°42'S.,

104°28'E.), lying on a drying reef E of Tanjung Buku and

fronting Teluk Baruk, consists of Pulau Keling, Pulau Tengah,

Pulau Lalang, and Pulau Singkeplaut, as well as a few abovewater rocks. A conspicuous tree is reported to stand on Pulau

Singkeplaut.

8.53 The coast from Tanjung Buku to Tanjung Sebayur (Sebajoer) (0°29'S., 104°15'E.) trends NNW and NW for 14 miles; the

latter point is on the E side of the entrance to Selat Sebayur,

and is also the W end of Pulau Singkep. 

8.53 Mentigi (0°30'S., 104°15'E.), on the S side of Tanjung Sebayur, is 110m high. Gunung Bidei, 209m high, lies 5 miles further E. Between Tanjung Buku and Tanjung Sebayer, above

and below-water rocks extend up to 1 mile from the coast.

8.53 James Rock (0°39'S., 104°19'E.), a pinnacle with a least

depth of 0.3m, lies 3.5 miles NW of Tanjung Buku.

8.54 Pulau Serak (0°40'S., 104°14'E.), a low and wooded

islet, lies about 7 miles WNW of Tanjung Buku, it is located on

a shoal, which, under the depth of 9.1m, extends 2 miles SE, 1

mile N, and about 0.7 mile off either side. Oekol (Pulau Ukol),

located about 0.5 mile W of the S end of Pulau Serak, lies on

this shoal, as do also several rocks, both awash and above-water.

8.54 Pulau Pengelap (0°37'S., 104°15'E.), low and wooded, lies

about 2.7 miles NNE of Pulau Serak, on the E edge of a reef

which is steep-to, extending 2 miles NW and 1 mile SE; the islet is surrounded by rocks and stones and is overgrown with

vegetation. Shoal depths of 5.9 and 8.7m, lie, respectively, 2.3

miles W and 3.5 miles NW of Pulau Pengelap. 

8.54 Pulau Alangtiga (0°31'S., 104°02'E.), 79m high, lying

about 30 miles NW of Pulau Berhala, is the central of a group

of three small thickly-wooded islands fringed by reef, and

some rocks above-water.

8.54 Pulas Beralas (0°30'S., 104°02'E.), 69m high, lies about 1

mile N of Pulau Alangtiga.

Pulau Muci (Mubi) (0°32'S., 104°02'E.), 81m high, lies 1

mile S of Pulau Alangtiga. These islands may be passed at a

prudent distance on their W side. A light, from which a racon

transmits, is shown from Pulau Muci.

8.54 A small coral reef, with a least depth of 4m, lies 6.5 miles

NE of Pulau Muci. Shoals, with depths of 5 and 10.1m lie, respectively, 1 mile ENE and 6.5 miles NNW of Pulau Muci.

8.54 Posik (0°23'S., 104°12'E.) is the central and principal island

of a group which lies off the NW side of Pulau Singkep, and is

separated by Selat Sebayur. 

8.54 Other islands in the vicinity of Posik include Bandahara,

Sempeng, Rusukbuaya (Roesoek Boeaja) (0°21'S.,

104°09'E.), Nibung, Pajang, and Noja, as well as smaller islets

and above and below-water rocks. The whole group is located

on the same triangular reef, with boat passages between some

of them; they are of little importance, and sparsely populated.

Pulau Silenseng (Pulau Silinseng) (0°18'S., 104°07'E.),

nearly 3 miles NW of Rusukbuaya, consists of two islets connected by a reef, dry at LW; it is surrounded by a reef which extends about 0.5 mile from its W side.

8.54 A shoal, with a least depth of 7.3m, lies midway between

Ruskbuaya and Pulau Silenseng. Another shoal, with a depth
106 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

of 10m, lies 3 miles ENE of Pulau Silenseng.

8.54 Pulau Bunta (0°16'S., 104°07'E.), a small, wooded islet, lies

2 miles N of Pulau Silenseng and is surrounded by a reef which

extends about 0.2 mile in places; it is steep-to beyond.

8.55 Selat Sebayur (Sebajoer Strait) (0°25'S., 104°15'E.),

between the NW side of Pulau Singkep and the Posik group of

islands, is a fairly good but narrow channel, requiring local

knowledge or the assistance of a native pilot; it is entered from

the S between Tanjung Sebayur and a flat that extends about 4

miles S of Bandahara, on which are some patches that dry. 

8.55 Tanjung Irat (0°24'S., 104°16'E.), on the E side, is located

5.5 miles N of Tanjung Sebayur. The strait is divided by a long,

steep sandbank on the N point of which lie two rocks, named

Malang Bang (0°24'S., 104°16'E.) which are only visible at

LW; a patch that dries lies on the W elbow of the bank, about

midway between the two points. 

8.55 Both channels are navigable; the W is the broader of the two.

The E, being straight, is stated to be the easier navigated. 

8.55 About 1 mile S of Tanjung Irat is Tjoekas (0°26'S.,

104°16'E.) and the river of that name, the bar of which is nearly

dry at LW; it is used only by junks or boats. 

8.55 Rapang (0°23'S., 104°16'E.), a small islet with a sharp,

wooded hill, lies 1 mile NW of Tanjung Irat; near it is the narrowest part of the strait. A steep-to bank, as defined by the 5m

curve, forms the W side of the channel. It extends about 5

miles SW from Rapang and joins the flat, described above,

which extends S of Bandahara. 

8.55 From Tanjung Jabung (1°00'S., 104°22'E.), the coast of

Sumatera trends sharply to the W, forming the delta of the

Djambi River and Djambi Bay (1°00'S., 104°00'E.); this coast

is fronted by a mud bank which in places extends 5 miles off.

The Djambi River (Batang Hari) (1°16'S., 104°05'E.), the

largest river in Sumatera, has two principal mouths used by

shipping, named Kuala Berbak (1°04'S., 104°12'E.) and Kuala Niur (1°01'S., 103°49'E.). 

8.55 Vessels should not enter Kuala Niur without local knowledge; the buoys and beacons may be shifted in accordance with

the changes in the channel and therefore it is advisable to employ a pilot.

8.55 Pilotage in Kuala Niur is compulsory for vessels between

Muarasabak (1°08'S., 103°51'E.) and Djambi (1°35'S.,

103°37'E.). Requests for pilotage should be made at least 24

hours before arrival at Muarasabak. 

8.55 The coast W of Kuala Niur is low and marshy; several

streams of no importance to shipping run into the sea, and the

coast is sparsely populated.

8.55 The entrance to the Sungai Tungkal (Soengei Toengkal) is

located about 24 miles NW of Kuala Niur. 

8.55 Caution.—Underwater gas pipelines, best be seen on the

chart, are located E of Tanjung Bakau. These pipelines originate in the vicinity of Tanjung Tungkallabu (0°48'S.,

103°30'E.) and extend N for a distance of 80 miles towards the

vicinity of Petong Island.

Tanjung Labu (Tandjoeng Laboe) (0°47'S., 103°29'E.), the

N point of the entrance, has a drying mud flat that extends

about 2 miles off.

The Sungai Retih (Reteh River) (0°40'S., 103°25'E.) disharges by four mouths, 8 to 12 miles NW of Tanjung Labu. 

8.55 These mouths are formed by three islands; the middle and

largest is Pulau Kijang (Kidjang) (0°40'S., 103°21'E.). Off

these mouths the 5m curve is 6 miles from the coast, and the

channels which lead to them are between or over drying mud

banks extending to the E from the islands; there is not more

than 1.2m at LW.

8.56 Selat Indragiri (Indragiri River) (Batong Kwantan)

(0°20'S., 103°18'E.) penetrates in its upper reaches far into the

Padang uplands. 

8.56 Its principal mouth is the Kuala Lajau (0°25'S., 103°36'E.),

which is the most serviceable channel for larger vessels. 

8.56 Vessels with a maximum length of 60m and a maximum

draft of 4m can be taken across the bar of the Kuala Lajau; this

depth can be maintained for about 30 miles upriver. An abandoned customs station stands on the S side of the entrance to

Kuala Lajau; a village, built on piles, stands on the N side.

Teluk Kualacenaku (Amphitrite Bay) (0°08'S., 103°42'E.)

is about 20 miles wide between Tanjung Bakau (0°20'S.,

103°47'E.) and Tanjung Dato (0°00', 103°49'E.), a low headland, and about 17 miles long to the mouth of the several rivers

of which it is the estuary. The coast is everywhere low and

marshy, and the greater portion of the bay is very shallow. 

8.56 The coast affords no conspicuous landmarks, being completely overgrown by trees, which are all of one kind. 

8.56 Vessels approaching the bay from the E, when Tanjung Dato

or Tanjung Bakau are not visible, may be set considerably N or

S by the tidal currents; these tidal currents may attain a rate of

2.5 knots.

8.56 The outer edges of the mud banks extending from the entrance points of the bay are steep-to, having depths of 18.3 to

20.1m within 0.5 mile of the 5m curve in places; these mud

banks should be given a wide berth. Fishing enclosures may be

seen on the shallow banks in various parts of the bay. 

8.56 From Tanjung Dato the coast trends N for 11.5 miles to the

SE end of Kateman Island (0°16'N., 103°41'E.), which is

about 13 miles long in a NW and SE direction, and is separated

from Sumatera by Selat Pedada, the mouth of which is about

64m wide and dry at LW.

8.56 The entrance to the Sungai Kateman (0°21'N., 103°37'E.),

which lies at the NW end of Kateman Island, is entered between Tanjung Jongkir and the coast of Sumatera; however,

this river is of no importance to general shipping.

8.57 Pulau Burung (Boeroeng) (0°26'N., 103°34'E.), 4

miles NNW of the entrance of the Sungai Kateman, is low,

wooded, and separated from the Sumatera coast by a narrow

channel; a drying bank extends from 1 to 2 miles from the ends

of the island. Kateman Island and Pulau Burung are difficult to

distinguish from offshore.

8.57 An obstruction was reported to lie about 4 miles ENE of the

SE extremity of Pulau Burung. 

8.57 On the E shore, Pulau Selayar (0°18'S., 104°26'E.) is about

6 miles long, E and W, and 2.5 miles wide. 

8.57 It lies between Pulau Singkep and Pulau Lingga, dividing the

passage into two channels, named Selat Penuba and Selat Lima. A reef extends about 1 mile SE of Penuba, a village at the

SE end of Pulau Selayar. A hill rises to a height of 300m on the

W side of the island. 

Selat Penuba (0°20'S., 104°26'E.) is deep, but is obstructed
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 107

Pub. 174

at its W end and is not used by shipping.

8.57 Tengah Islet (0°20'S., 104°31'E.), about 30m high, is located on a reef in the E fairway of Selat Penuba, about 1 mile SE

of the E point of Pulau Selayar. 

8.57 Serang Islet (0°21'S., 104°31'E.), about the same height as

Tengah, lies about 1 mile SE, just within the 5m curve off the S

side of the strait.

8.58 Selat Lima (Lima Strait) (0°16'S., 104°26'E.), between the N side of Pulau Selayar and the S coast of Pulau

Lingga, is a deep channel; parts of the shores are steep-to.

8.58 Pulau Pandan (0°15'S., 104°21'E.), a wooded mass of ironstone, lies off the W entrance of Selat Lima. Sunken rocks extend about 0.2 mile S and E of the islet; otherwise the water

around it is deep.

8.58 Kepulauan Lima (0°16'S., 104°27'E.), lying nearly in the

middle of the strait, consists of Yu, Panjang, Buntar, and Lima;

they are hilly and wooded. Only Lima is inhabited. 

8.58 About 0.5 mile ENE of Lima is a small, low, stony cay,

which is overgrown with brushwood, and is steep-to.

8.58 Tanjung Labuandadong (0°12'S., 104°25'E.), the NW

point of the entrance to Selat Lima, is fairly steep-to; Pulau Labuandadong lies close off the point.

8.58 Entering Selat Lima from W, pass on either side of Pulau

Pandan and to the N of Keputauan Lima, taking care to avoid

the cay ENE of Lima. 

8.58 The cay, in range with Tanjung Labaundadong bearing 305°,

astern, leads SW of the reef extending SW of Tanjung Bliung

(0°16.5'S., 104°31.5'E.).

8.58 The W coast of Pulau Lingga trends N about 4 miles from

Tanjung Labuandadong to Pulau Pulon (0°09'S., 104°27'E.);

the latter point is very conspicuous, and from it the coast trends

NNE for 12 miles to Selat Dasi. 

8.58 Pulau Pulon (0°09'15"S., 104°27'00"E.) lies about 2 miles

NE of Tanjung Datuk; the islet is prominent with a sharp peak. 

Selat Dasi (Dasi Strait) (0°00'30"N., 104°29'30"E.) is a passage 4 miles long, separating Pulau Lingga from Pulau Bakung

N of it. There are several islets and rocks in the fairway of the

strait, and it is only available to vessels with local knowledge.

Pulau Bakung (Bakong) (0°06'N., 104°26'E.) lies close to

the NW end of Pulau Lingga, from which it is separated by Selat Dasi, and has some fairly high hills. The SW coast of the island trends in a NW direction, the shore being fronted to a

short distance by a reef. 

8.58 Close to the NW extremity of Pulau Bakung lie a number of

islets and reefs, extending about 8 miles NW, of which Karoti

(0°13'N., 104°19'E.) is the northwesternmost. 

8.58 The space between that island and Pangele (0°09'38"N.,

104°24'07"E.), the N end of Pulau Bakung, is blocked by islets

and reefs.

Pulau Cempah (Tjempah) (0°09'N., 104°19'E.) is irregularly shaped, hilly and about 5 miles long and 2 miles wide. It is

separated from the NW part of Pulau Bakung and Blandok Besar (0°11'N., 104°20'E.) and Karoti by Selat Cempah (Tjempah Strait) (0°09'N., 104°20'E.), 2 miles wide, which has

general depths of about 24m. 

8.58 Pulau Cempah is fairly steep to on its E and SE sides; the

summit of the island, 116m high, is to be found in its N part.

8.59 Pulau Laut (0°11'N., 104°17'E.) lies close NW of the

N end of Pulau Cempah, and Pulau Gentong (0°09'N.,

104°17'E.), fringed by a reef, lies near the NW side of Pulau

Cempah. 

Pulau Buaya (Boeaja) (0°11'N., 104°13'E.) lies about 3

miles W of Pulau Cempah; in the channel separating them are

several islets which can best be seen on the chart. 

8.59 Pulau Buaya has the shape of an alligator when seen from

the N; it is surrounded by a narrow reef. The summit of the island, located in its SE part, rising to a height of 228m, has been

seen in clear weather at a distance of 30 miles.

Pulau Sikeling (Si Keling) (0°08'N., 104°14'E.), 91m high

and about 1 mile long, lies 1 mile S of Pulau Buaya.

8.59 Blanding (0°09'N., 104°12'E.) lies about 1 mile NW of Pulau Sikeling; it is the S of three islands located on a reef that

extends about 4 miles NW. 

8.59 Lobam (0°10'N., 104°11'E.), 84m high, lies on the N part of

this reef. Turka lies between Blanding and Lobam. 

8.59 The Temiang group of islands, with the other islands and

dangers between Pulau Buaya and the Merodong Islands, lie

far to the E of the usual track of vessels bound through Selat

Durian. This group is composed of four large and several small

islands, lying to the NW of Pulau Bakung and Pulau Sebangka,

and separated from those islands by a narrow channel, which

appears to be obstructed by rocks, best seen on the charts.

8.60 Pulau Temiang (0°20'N., 104°23'E.), the largest and

northernmost of the group, is 7.5 miles in length, 3 miles in

breadth, and irregularly-shaped, with the NE side being nearly

straight; at the NW end there is a deep inlet, and there is also

one at the SE end; in the latter there are two small villages. 

8.60 This island is mostly composed of high hills, and near the W

end on some tableland is Mount Benaya, with three tops close

together, the middle one being 224m high. Mount Piang, with

two conspicuous peaks, is on the S portion of the island; the

ridges of hills on the NE side are 156 to 174m in height. 

8.60 The three other principal islands, which lie close SW and W

of Pulau Temiang are Pulau Batang, Pulau Benku, and Pulau

Saga. An isolated 195m high hill stands on the NW end of Pulau Batang. 

8.60 Middle Rock (0°20'N., 104°27'E.), which dries and generally breaks, lies in the SE entrance of Selat Temiang, about 1.7

miles NE of the E extremity of Pulau Temiang. It is generally

marked by tide rips and may be passed on either side, but it is

preferable to pass to the N.

8.60 Ompak (0°15'N., 104°19'E.), 66m high, about 2 miles SW

of Pulau Saga, is the largest of the chain of islets and reefs running roughly parallel to the SW coast of Pulau Saga. The chain

extends for about 1.2 miles SE and 0.75 mile NNW.

8.60 A rock, with a depth of less than 2m, was observed to lie 1

mile S of the S extremity of Ompak and was marked by a mast.

8.61 Pintu (Pintoe) (0°23'N., 104°19'E.), 125m high, lies

close off the NW end of Pulau Temiang; beyond it is Kebat

(0°23'N., 104°18'E.), 65m high.

8.61 Pompong (0°22'N., 104°15'E.) lies about 2.25 miles WSW

of Kebat; it is about 0.5 mile in diameter, is surrounded by a

reef, and has a 124m high hill in its center. An above-water

rock, surrounded by a reef lies 1 mile SE of the island; an isolated reef lies 0.4 mile S of the SE extremity of the island.

Dua (Doea) (0°24'N., 104°22'E.), located about 3 miles E of
108 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

Pintu, lie at the junction of Selat Merodong and Selat Temiang.

They are two islands, each circled by a reef extending 0.25

mile from the shore in places. The S island, the higher of the

two, rises to 35m.

8.61 The Titampan group of islands, located NW of the Merodong group, occupies an oval space about 6 miles in length, E

and W, and nearly 5 miles in breadth. It comprises several islands, islets, and rocks, which are separated from each other by

narrow channels which are obstructed by reefs. 

8.61 Titapan (0°27'N., 104°23'E.), the SW island and most conspicuous of the group, is rocky on its N and S sides and has two

hills; the N hill is sharp and 108m high. 

8.61 Benan (0°29'N., 104°27'E.) and Katanglingga (0°30'N.,

104°25'E.) form the E limit of the group. A 5.5m patch, which

is steep-to, lies about 0.4 mile SW of Titapan.

8.61 The Selanga Islets (0°30'N., 104°21'E.), three in number, lying on the SE of Selat Pengelap, are small but elevated and

conspicuous; the S islet is 35m high. With an opposing wind

and current, a troublesome sea may arise in this area. 

8.61 The Pangelap group of islands separates Selat Pangelap from

Selat Abang. 

8.62 The Alor Islands (0°28'N., 104°18'E.), the southernmost of the Pengelap group, consist of some rocky islets lying

on a reef; the southernmost islet is 46m high. 

8.62 Pengelap (0°30'N., 104°17'E.), the largest of the group, is about

3.3 miles long, N and S, 0.5 mile wide, wooded, and moderately

elevated, attaining a height of 80m in the N part; the island is

fringed by a reef, which projects in places on the E coast to a distance of 0.25 mile, but on the W coast to a less distance. 

Udiep (Oediep) (0°32'N., 104°18'E.), an islet 39m high,

thickly wooded, and surrounded by a reef, lies about 1.3 miles

E of the N end of Pengelap, and in the channel of Selat Dempo. 

8.62 Dedap (0°30'N., 104°16'E.), about 2 miles long, NW and

SE, and about 0.3 mile wide, lies about 1 mile W of Pengelap.

8.62 The Sawang Islets (0°30'30"N., 104°14'45"E.) lie in Selat

Abang, about 0.5 mile NW of Dedap.

8.62 Off Pulau Mutyi (0°32'S., 104°02'E.), the prevailing winds

cause great irregularity in the tidal current; the rate was observed to be 2 knots. 

8.62 Outside Teluk Kualacenaku (0°08'S., 103°42'E.), the flood

current sets to the S and ebb to the N. 

8.62 In the bay, to about 4 miles from the shore, the flood sets to

the W, S of Tanjung Dato (0°00', 103°49'E.), and continues

from S to SW between Pulau Busung (Boesoeng) (0°08'S.,

103°36'E.) and Pulau Jawang (Tjawang) (0°06'S., 103°33'E.)

into Batang Toeaka (0°12'S., 103°27'E.), but S of Pulau

Busung this current sets SW into Batang Terboeng (0°17'S.,

103°29'E.). 

8.62 The flood also sets SW, or on to the NE edge of the 5m

curve, 9 miles S of Tanjung Dato. The ebb from abreast Pulau

Busung sets to the N and then continues to the E along the

coast to the S of Tanjung Dato. In the middle of the bay, the

ebb sets to the E. The greatest rate of the tidal current observed

was 3 knots. 

8.62 In Selat Lima (0°16'S., 104°26'E.) the flood sets W and the

ebb E. On the W coast of Pulau Singkep and Pulau Lingga the

flood current runs to the S and W and the ebb to the N and E,

but near the SW coast of Pulau Singkep between Tanjung

Buku (0°41'S., 104°22'E.) and Tanjung Sebayur (0°29'S.,

104°15'E.) the flood sets N as an eddy and the ebb S at the rate

of 1.75 knots. The greatest rates of the tidal currents observed

were, as follows:

1. Near Pulau Mutyl (0°32'S., 104°02'E.) and at the Pulau Alangtiga—1.75 knots, with the flood setting S and the

ebb setting N.

2. Selat Sebayur—2.25 knots.

3. Selat Penuba and Raja Bay—0.25 knots.

4. Selat Lima—1.5 knots.

5. South coast of Pulau Lingga—1.75 knots, with the

flood setting W and the ebb setting E.

8.62 In Selat Dasi, the tidal currents run at a rate of 4 to 5 knots,

with the flood setting to the W.

8.62 In Selat Cempah, the flood current sets N and the ebb sets S.

8.63 Depths of 5.5m and 5.9m lie as far as 12 miles SE and

13 miles SSE of Tanjung Jabung (1°00'S., 104°22'E.), in positions as far as 6.75 miles offshore. A 10.1m patch lies 7 miles

NE of the same point.

8.63 Caution.—A wreck, with 6.9m, and a wreck, with 9.6m, lie

5.75 and 10 miles ENE, respectively, of Tanjung Jabung; numerous dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart, exists SE of

the same point.

8.63 A reef, numerous rocks, islets, and depths under 9.1m, which

can best be seen on the chart, surround Pulau Berhala

(0°52'S., 104°24'E.). An 8.7m patch lies 2 miles SE of Pulau

Berhala; a 5.5m shoal lies 1.25 miles NW of the same island. 

8.63 A 9.6m shoal lies 5.5 miles SE of the light shown on the

southernmost islet S of Pulau Berhala.

8.64 Middle Rocks (0°48'S., 104°26'E.), partly dry at LW,

lie 3.75 miles NE of Pulau Berhala; a small rock, with 3.7m of

water, and steep-to, is located about 0.3 mile NW of Middle

Rocks. Another rock is reported to lie a considerable distance

E of Middle Rocks, but its position has not been determined.

8.64 Pollux Rocks (0°48'S., 104°28'E.), consisting of two heads,

nearly awash at LW, and steep-to, lie in an E and W direction,

0.2 mile apart. The E rock is located about 2 miles NE of Middle Rocks. They are not distinguishable by breakers, but only

by ripples during the strength of the tidal currents. 

8.64 A stranded wreck 0.4 mile S of the E of the two Pollux

Rocks is reported to be conspicuous. 

8.64 Sikh Shoal (0°46'S., 104°11'E.), with a depth of 4.6m, lies

about 15 miles WNW of Pulau Berhala Light. To the S of this

shoal are depths of 7.8m and 9m. A partially-submerged wreck

is reported to lie about 8.7 miles W of Sikh Shoal.

Karang Speke (Speke Rock) (0°37'S., 104°06'E.) lies 8.5

miles WNW of the N end of Pulau Serak; it is circular, about

91m in diameter, and dries. The rock is marked by a lighted

beacon. A 5.5m shoal lies about 5 miles WSW of the rock.

8.64 Tanjung Buku (0°41'S., 104°22'E.), in range with Pulau Serak bearing 100°, leads S of Karang Speke. 

8.64 Pulau Muci (0°32'S., 104°02'E.) bearing 330° leads W of

Karang Speke. 

8.64 Atkin Rock (0°33'S., 104°02'E.), 1 mile ESE of Pulau Muci

Light, is a small pinnacle, circular in form, about 27m in extent, which dries and is steep-to; when covered, unless the tidal

current is running strongly, there is no indication of it.

8.64 Two wrecks lie stranded in a position about 5 miles NW of

the W entrance to Kuala Berbak (1°04'S., 104°12'E.).
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 109

Pub. 174

8.64 A dangerous wreck, position approximate, with a mast

showing, lies about 8 miles NNW of Tanjung Solok (1°00'S.,

103°49'E.), the W entrance point of Kuala Niur. 

8.65 Karang Cuhoorn (0°26'S., 103°41'E.), a narrow drying bank about 2 miles long, lies on the bar across the mouth of

Kuala Lajau. A dangerous wreck, position approximate, lies E

of Karang Cuhoorn and is best seen on the chart. The wreck of

a sailing vessel with part of the mast showing lies about 11

miles NNE of Tanjung Bakau (0°20'S., 103°47'E.). 

8.65 The W end of Selat Penuba (0°20'S., 104°26'E.) is obstructed by a bar over which there are depths of 4 to 5.8m about 2

miles SSE of the W end of Pulau Selayar. Sunken rocks extend

about 1 mile NW of Pelang (0°21'S., 104°26'E.). 

8.65 A beacon marks the outer rock, which has a depth of 0.9m.

Because of the numerous obstructions in Selat Penuba, Selat

Lima, N of Pulau Selayar, is preferred. 

8.65 A bank, with depths of less than 9.1m, lies offshore between

Tanjung Labuandadong (0°12'S., 104°25'E.) and Pulau Pulon; there is a least depth of 4.6m on the N part of the bank.

8.65 A 6.8m patch lies about 6 miles N of Pulau Pulon (0°09'S.,

104°27'E.); depths of less than 9.1m extend about 2 miles

NNW of this patch. A 7.7m patch lies about 0.8 mile E of the

above patch; there are patches of 9.1m, steep-to and best seen

on the chart, near Selat Dasi.

8.65 Depths of 0.5 to 9.2m extend about 2 miles W of the SW part

of Pulau Cempah (0°09'N., 104°19'E.).

8.65 Leda Rock (0°11'30"N., 104°09'45"E.), with very little water over it, and steep-to, lies about l.2 miles NW of Lobam

(0°10'N., 104°11'E.); another rock, awash, is located between

them. Near these reefs there are reports of strong tide rips. 

8.65 A rock, with a depth of less than 1.8m, was reported (1972)

to lie about 1 mile S of the S end of Ompak (0°15'N.,

104°19'E.).

8.65 A dangerous wreck, with its mast showing, lies about 2.2

miles S of Pulau Pompong (0°22'N., 104°15'E.). 

8.66 Batu Belayar (0°25'N., 104°16'E.) lies 2.5 miles

NNE of the N end of Pulau Pompong, and consists of two

rocks several feet high, a rock awash lies 0.25 mile to the W. 

8.66 A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 2.5 miles ENE of

Batu Belayar.

8.66 A small reef, with a depth of 2.7m, lies about 1 mile SSE of

the South Dua (0°24'N., 104°22'E.) nearly in the middle of Selat Temiang. This reef is probably not marked by breakers or

discoloration and was struck by a vessel many years ago.

8.66 A 10.1m patch is reported to lie about 0.6 mile NW of North

Dua Island. A reef of stones and coral having an islet at its S end

and an above-water rock at its N end, is located about l.2 miles

NW of North Dua Island. There are often heavy tide rips in the

channel between them. A rock awash lies close NE of the reef.

8.66 Close N of this reef is another similar reef on which Boom

Rock (0°25'45"N., 104°20'15"E.) is located. This rock is 4.3m

high, bare, and prominent.

8.66 A coral patch, with a depth of 5.5m, and from 20.1 to 25.6m

around, lies 1 mile NW of Boom Rock, and on the E side of

Selat Pengelap. Other shoals are reported in this area. Caution

is necessary when navigating in the vicinity. 

8.66 Daleh Islet (0°25'30"N., 104°24'30"E.), surrounded by a

reef, lies 1 mile S of Senimpan on the N side of Selat Merodong. Drying reefs, usually marked by tide rips or surf, lie 0.3

mile SE and 0.6 mile SW, respectively of Daleh Islet.

8.66 A rock, above-water, lies on the reef 0.2 mile N of the N Selanga Islet (0°30'N., 104°21'E.). A large white rock, abovewater, on a reef which dries at LW, lies between the S Selanga

Islet and Tokong (0°29'N., 104°23'E.), which is 68m high.

8.66 A patch of 6.9m is charted off the E coast of Pulau Pengelap

(0°37'N., 104°15'E.); an above-water rock lies 0.2 mile off the

S end of the island.

8.66 About midway between the Selanga Islets and the center of

Pulau Pengelap is Midden Rock (0°30'N., 104°20'E.), a rock

awash at LW, with depths of 14.6 to 20.1m around, lies 2.5

miles ENE of the S end of Pengelap, not always marked by tide

rips.

8.66 Two shoal spots of 10.1 to 11m lie 3.5 and 4.5 miles, respectively, SSW of Pengelap.

8.66 Midway between Midden Rock and the Alor Islands

(0°28'N., 104°18'E.) to the S is a patch with a depth of 4.9m.

8.66 Three rocks above-water are located on the reef extending

0.5 mile SE of Dedap Island (0°30'N., 104°16'E.). Detached

rocks, dry at LW, lie about 0.6 mile SE of the reefs; these rocks

are generally marked by tide rips. 

Passages Leading from Outer Route and Selat

Riau into Selat Durian and Selat Berhala

8.67 The navigation of these channels should present no

difficulties. The flood current runs W and the ebb E in the directions of the channels, and is somewhat affected when passing wide openings.

Selat Temiang (Tamiang Strait) (0°22'N., 104°23'E.), the

southernmost of the four wide and deep channels leading from

the outer route to Selat Durian and other straits adjacent, is

about 14 miles in length, NW and SE, and 2 miles in breadth at

its narrowest part; on its S side are the islets off the NW end of

Pulau Sebangka. In the strait, the flood current sets NW and the

ebb current sets SE.

Selat Merodong (Merodong Strait) (0°26'N., 104°27'E.),

between Pulau Mesanak and the Merodong group of islands on

the S and the Titampan group on the N, is also navigable. It has

a general depth of 22m over a fairway, with a minimum

breadth of about 2 miles abreast Daleh Islet (0°25'30"N.,

104°24'30"E.). 

8.67 Selat Merodong is continued NW between Tiampan group of

islands, and the Dua Islands (0°24'N., 104°22'E.), and Boom

Rock (0°25'45"N., 104°20'15"E.) abreast that group, joining

Selat Pengelap. Selat Merodong connects Selat Temiang between the Dua Islands and the Medang Islands. Both channels

are deep in their fairways.

8.67 Batu Belayar (0°29'N., 104°16'E.), well open S of the islet

lying NW of the N Dua island, bearing 270°, leads in the fairway of Selat Merodong. 

8.67 In Selat Merodong, the flood current sets W and the ebb current sets E.

Selat Pengelap (Pengelap Strait) (0°29'N., 104°20'E.) is bordered on the E by the Tiampan group and the Selanga Islets

(0°30'N., 104°21'E.), and on the W by the Alor Islands and the

sunken dangers E of Pulau Pengelap. It is not less than 1.5

miles in width in the main fairway, with depths of 22 to 55m.

8.67 In Selat Pengelap, owing to the uneven nature of the bottom,
110 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

the currents, near springs, cause eddies and overfalls which are

somewhat alarming to strangers, but no dangers, other than

those charted, are known to exist. 

8.67 The flood current runs S and meets the currents from Selat

Teminang and Selat Merodong near Kebat Island (0°23'N.,

104°18'E.). 

Selat Abang (Abang Strait) (0°32'N., 104°16'E.) is reduced

by the rocks extending from Sepintu Islet (0°31'22"N.,

104°14'21"E.) and Sawang Islets to a breadth of about 0.7 mile,

with a fairway depth of 22m. In the strait, the flood current sets

W and the ebb current sets E.

Pulau Abang-Kecil (Abang-Ketjil) (0°33'N., 104°14'E.),

forming the N side of Selat Abang, is hilly and about 1.3 miles

in extent. 

8.68 The Nijur Islets (0°32'N., 104°15'E.), four in number

and surrounded by reefs, lie nearly 1 mile from the E side of

Pulau Abang-kecil.

8.68 The Sepintu Islets (0°31'23"N., 104°14'15"E.), on the N

side of Selat Abang are two wooded rocks on the same reef.

8.68 The Sawang Islets (0°30'30"N., 104°14'45"E.), on the S side

of Selat Abang and located about 0.5 mile NW of Dedap, are

two wooded islets lying NE and SW from each other and connected by a reef.

8.68 Pulau Abang-Besar (0°35'N., 104°12'E.), 90m in height, 4

miles long, N and S, and 2.5 miles wide, is hilly, thickly wooded, and located NW of Pulau Abang-Kecil. The channel between is contracted near the center to 183m or less by a low

island near Pulau Abang-Besar; it is used only by native canoes. 

8.68 Pulau Tortel (0°35'N., 104°11'E.), steep-to, lies about 0.3

mile off the W side of Pulau Abang-Besar.

Batu Hipomenes (Hipomenes Rock) (0°35'N., 104°09'E.),

with 1.5m, lies about 1.3 miles W of Pulau Tortel.

8.68 Karang Kameleon (0°31'N., 104°08'E.), a small rock,

awash, lies about 5 miles SW of Pulau Abang-Besar. A bank,

with a least depth of 7m, extends about 0.5 mile N of this rock. 

8.68 The summit of Pulau Petong bearing 348° or greater leads

well to the W of Karang Kameleon.

8.69 Pulau Petong (0°38'N., 104°05'E.), lying 6 miles

WNW of Pulau Abang-Besar, has several hills, one of which,

the summit, at the S end, is 154m high.

8.69 Several islets and rocks extend about 0.75 mile from the SE

side of Pulau Petong; the outer rock is Observation Rock

(0°36'N., 104°06'E.). A 5.5m shoal was reported to lie about

0.8 mile SSE of the SW end of Pulau Petong. Above and below-water rocks also extend 1 mile W of Pulau Petong.

8.69 Pulau Anakpetong (0°38'N., 104°02'E.), two islets on a reef

nearly 1 mile in extent, lies 2.5 miles W of Pulau Petong; the E

of these islets is 57m high, the W islet is lower.

8.69 Cucupetong (0°39'N., 104°01'E.), about 19m high, lies

nearly 1.5 miles WNW of Pulau Anakpetong.

8.69 Caution.—In Selat Abang, there is no safe passage between

the Sawang Islets and Dedap. 

8.70 Selat Dempo (0°38'N., 104°13'E.), about 7 miles

long, NW and SE, and 3 miles wide, lies between the Abang

Islands and Pulau Galang Baru (0°40'N., 104°16'E.) to the

NE, and affords easy navigation. 

8.70 The channel between Pulau Abang-Besar and Pulau Petong

is the best route for vessels proceeding W to Selat Durian, well

S of East Bank (0°41'N., 103°52'E.), or southbound to Selat

Berhala. 

8.70 Selat Durian (0°45'N., 103°37'E.), entered from the S between Great Durian (0°43'N., 103°43'E.) and Pulau Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar) (0°37'N., 103°41'E.), is nearly 4

miles wide, and bounded on either side by a number of islands

of various sizes. It has a NW direction in the S part, then turns

toward the N and E between Pulau Buru (0°53'N., 103°30'E.)

and Mantaras-Besar (0°52'N., 103°38'E.); Kepulauan Rukan

lies in its S approach and may be passed on either side. 

8.70 The strait, which is deep and well-lighted, is available at all

times for all classes of vessels.

8.70 The main channel of Selat Durian has been wire-dragged to

a depth of 14m. The channel S and W of Rukan Selatan has

been wire-dragged to a depth of 14m. The channel SE of Rukan Selatan has been wire-dragged to a depth of 11.9m. 

8.70 Caution.—A dangerous wreck, best seen on chart, has been

reported approximately 2.2 miles SW of Mantaras-Besar. Another dangerous wreck lies in the N approaches to Selat Durian, approximately 7.3 miles W of Pulau Jangkat (0°58'N.,

103°43'E.) and 6 miles ENE of Pandan Kecil.

8.71 Kepulauan Rukan (0°35'N., 103°47'E.), consisting

of three islands named Rukan Selatan, Rukan Tengah, and Rukan Utara, extends over a distance of 5 miles, N and S. 

Rukan Selatan (South Brother) (0°33'N., 103°46'E.), 43m

high, the largest and highest of the Kepulauan Rukan, is located in the S approach to Selat Durian; it is 1 mile long, N and S,

about 0.3 mile wide, and may be seen from a distance of 17 to

18 miles in clear weather. 

Rukan Tengah (Middle Brother) (0°35'N., 103°46'E.), 47m

high, lies about 1.3 miles N of Rukan Selatan. 

Rukan Utara (North Brother) (0°37'N., 103°46'E.), 24m

high, is a wooded rock, lying about 3 miles N of Rukan Tengah. A light is shown from a 22m high tower on the S hill of

Rukan Selatan; a wide cliff on the NE side makes the island

conspicuous at times. A light is also shown from Rukan Utara.

8.71 Caution.—Many dangerous wrecks, best seen on the chart,

lie in the vicinity of Kepulauan Rukan. 

8.72 East Bank (0°41'N., 103°52'E.), ridges of hard sand,

with depths of 2.3 to 9.1m, lies E of Kepulauan Rukan; they are

not marked by surf or discoloration. The shallowest part of the

W ridge, with a depth of 4.1m, lies about 5 miles ENE of Rukan Utara. The ridges are best seen on the chart.

8.72 The Durai Islands, several low mangrove islands, lie with

their S extremity about 4 miles NE of Pulau Burung, near the

coast of Sumatera. 

8.73 Pulau Sandam Laut (0°28'N., 103°40'E.), the southeasternmost of the group, is small, 32m high, and surrounded

by rocks. 

Pulau Durai (Doerai) (0°31'N., 103°36'E.), the largest of the

group, lies 3 miles NW of Pulau Sandam Laut; it is 4.5 miles

long and rises to a height of 71m near its N end. 

8.73 Numerous other islands, which can best be seen on the chart,

lie E of Pulau Durai and form the W side of Southeast Channel.

Pulau Segal Besar (Segal-besar) (0°34'N., 103°40'E.), on
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 111

Pub. 174

the E side of Southeast Channel, is 1.5 miles long and 36m

high; numerous islands, which can best be seen on the chart, lie

NW of Pulau Segal-besar.

Southeast Channel (Alur Pelayaran Tenggara) (0°34'N.,

103°39'E.), which lies between the Durai group of islands and

Pulau Segal-besar, can best be seen on the chart; these passages

should only be used by vessels with local knowledge during

daylight.

Pulau Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar) (False Doerian)

(0°37'N., 103°41'E.), an irregularly-shaped island with a peak

159m high, is thickly wooded and about 3 miles in extent, and

with adjacent islands forms the SW limit of Selat Durian.

Pulau Sanglang-kecil (Sanglang-Ketjil) (0°36'N.,

103°43'E.), nearly 1 mile long, E and W, is 65m high, and separated from the SE side of Pulau Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar) by a narrow channel.

8.73 Richardson Reef (0°37'N., 103°43'E.), a small reef with a

depth of 5m, lies about 1 mile N of the SE end of Pulau Sanglang-kecil.

8.74 Pulau Timun (0°38'23"N., 103°37'45"E.), the northernmost of four islands lying W of Pulau Sanglang Besar, is

46m high; the W peak of Pulau Kas (0°37'N., 103°39'E.) is

49m high.

8.74 Pulau Peropos (0°40'N., 103°35'E.), 124m high, and Pulau

Ngal (0°41'N., 103°35'E.) lie about 6 miles WNW of Pulau

Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar).

8.74 A number of islets extend S of Pulau Peropos, nearly to the

Durai group, and form the W side of the N approach to Southeast Channel.

Pulau Durian Besar (Great Durian) (0°43'N., 103°43'E.),

on the N side of the fairway of Selat Durian, is a triangularshaped island, nearly 4 miles in extent; it is mountainous, and

Djora Peak, near its center, is 309m high. The SW side of the

island is fairly steep-to.

8.74 Tiga (0°41'N., 103°44'E.), comprised of three rocky islets

surrounded by reefs, lies about 0.5 mile S of the S end of Pulau

Durian Besar. Carnbee Reef, a drying steep-to coral reef, lies

about 0.5 mile SW of Tiga.

Pulau Durian Kecil (Little Durian) (Little Doerian)

(0°44'N., 103°40'E.), 171m high, and 2 miles long, is separated

from Pulau Durian Besar by a narrow channel in which there

are three islets.

South Passage Island (Pulau Perasi Besar) (0°43'N.,

103°39'E.), lying about 0.5 mile SW of Pulau Durian Kecil, is

bare and 66m high. It can be passed fairly close.

Perasi Island (Pulau Perasi Kecil) (North Passage Island)

(0°46'N., 103°38'E.), 46m high, lies about 3 miles NNW of

South Passage Island; both of these islands lie on the E side of

the fairway of Selat Durian.

8.74 Pulau Pelangkat (0°45'N., 103°35'E.) lies about 3 miles

WSW of Perasi Island, on the W side of the fairway, and is

marked by a light. It is low, partly inundated at HW, of coral

formation, covered with trees, the tops of which are about 30m

above HW, and has a round and conspicuous appearance.

8.75 Selat Sanglang (0°44'N., 103°42'E.), the strait lying

N of Pulau Durian Besar and Pulau Durian Kecil, may be considered as one of the S entrances to Selat Durian. 

8.75 It does not offer any advantages to vessels to proceed

through it, but, on the contrary, is inferior to and less direct

than the main strait. Three islands, with Moro Laut (0°46'N.,

103°40'E.) being the westernmost, form the N side of the W

end of Selat Sanglang.

Pulau Sugibawah (Soegi Bawah) (0°47'N., 103°48'E.) lies

N of Selat Sanglang and Pulau Durian Besar; it is about 6 miles

long, NW and SE, and about 2 miles wide at the S part, narrowing to 0.5 mile near the N end. 

8.75 There is a range of hills on the N portion of the island which

attain an elevation of 145m. The W coast is low and consists in

a great part of morass on which are mangrove bushes. A low islet lies close SW of the N end of the island.

Pulau Belukar (Beloekar) (0°50'30"N., 103°39'30"E.) lies

about 0.4 mile from the N end of Pulau Sugibawah; it is about

0.7 mile long. A steep-to drying reef lies about 1.2 miles W of

the S end of the island.

Pulau Pandjang (Pulau Panjang) (0°51'N., 103°41'E.),

about 2 miles E of Pulau Belukar, is hilly, about 4 miles in

length, and 0.5 mile in breadth. The hills at the N end rise to a

height of 104m; the hills at the S end rise to a height of 135m.

8.75 Pulau Itik (0°53'N., 103°39'E.) consists of two small, round,

overgrown islets, 50m high, lying about 1 mile NW of Pulau

Pandjang. Itik Reef, which dries, lies about 1 mile NW of Pulau Itik. A dangerous wreck lies 0.7 mile WNW of the reef,

while a 5m coral patch lies about 3.7 miles NNE of the reef. 

8.75 The summit of Perasi Island, in range with the E side of

Mantaras-Besar, bearing 179°, leads W of Itik Reef. 

8.75 Mantaras-Besar (0°52'N., 103°38'E.), lying 1.5 miles SW

of Pulau Itik, is about 0.4 mile in diameter, covered with trees,

and 75m high; it should be visible from a distance of 15 miles

in clear weather, and is conspicuous on account of its reddishcolored rocks rising almost perpendicularly from the sea.

8.75 Mantaras-Kecil (0°52'38"N., 103°37'22"E.), nearly 0.3

mile NNW of Mantaras-Besar, is a rocky islet with trees and is

fringed by a drying reef.

8.76 Melvill Reef (0°52'N., 103°37'E.), a drying reef

marked on its W side by a light, lies about 0.5 mile WSW of

the W end of Mantaras-Besar. Middelburg Reef, a drying coral

reef also marked by a light, lies about 3 miles W of Melvill

Reef. 

8.76 The summit of Pulau Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar), in

range with the summit of Perasi Island, bearing 159°, leads in

the fairway of Selat Durian between Melvill Reef and Middelburg Reef.

8.76 The N group of the Karimun Islands has been described beginning in paragraph 5.19. These islands are located on the W

side of Selat Durian, and separated from each other by narrow

channels with varying depths. Some of these islets are hilly and

others are low. Most of these islands are inhabited; a representative of the native self-government resides on the SW side of

Pulau Buru. 

Pulau Kundur (Koendoer) (0°45'N., 103°26'E.), the largest

of these islands, is about 16 miles long, N and S, and 10 miles

wide; its coasts are low and marshy. 

8.76 Gading, 141m high, is located on the S end of the island;

Salah, which is 101m high, is located on the N end of the island.

Pulau Ungar (Onggoet) (0°40'N., 103°30'E.), separated

from Pulau Kundur by a channel about 0.5 mile wide, is 5.5
112 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

miles long, N and S, and 1.75 miles wide.

8.76 Pulau Degong (0°47'N., 103°32'E.), 4 miles N of Pulau Ungar and 1.3 miles E of the E end of Pulau Kundur, is about 3

miles long, N and S, and 1.5 miles wide.

Pulau Bilat (Belat) (0°49'N., 103°30'E.) lies close W of Pulau Degong and separated by a narrow channel. The coast of

Pulau Bilat, from Pulau Degong, is fronted by several islands.

Pulau Buru (Boeroe) (0°53'N., 103°30'E.) is a low island

about 4 miles long, N and S, crowned with high trees and having a few inhabitants. The E shore of the island is fronted by a

shallow bank to distances of 0.5 to 1 mile.

8.76 Pulau Papan (0°53'N., 103°27'E.) lies W of Pulau Buru. Papan, 199m high, is located near the W side of Pulau Papan.

8.76 Pulau Parit (0°57'N., 103°27'E.) lies close N of Pulau Buru

and forms the S side of Selat Gelam.

8.76 Pulau Pandan-besar (0°57'N., 103°29'E.), the S of two

small islands lying about 1 mile N of Pulau Buru, is low and

covered with trees about 30m high; Pulau Pandan-Ketjil lies

close NE. A wreck lies 2.25 miles E of Pulau Pandan-Ketjil.

8.77 The Bulan Archipelago (1°04'N., 103°48'E.), of

which Pulau Kapaladjernih (1°00'N., 103°47'E.) is the westernmost and largest, forms the E side of the N approach to Selat Durian and more particularly of Selat Tjombol (0°49'N.,

103°53'E.). 

8.77 Pulau Djangkat (0°58'N., 103°43'E.) lies about 5 miles W

of the S end of Pulau Kapaladjernih, with numerous islets and

reefs between and in the direction of Tanjung Djernih

(1°02'N., 103°45'E.); numerous islets and reefs also lie between Pulau Djangkat and Pulau Tjombol (0°50'N.,

103°52'E.). Some of these islands are inhabited.

8.77 Only the outermost islands and dangers which concern the

ordinary navigator will be described. 

Selat Sugi (Soegi Strait) (0°48'N., 103°44'E.) lies between

Pulau Durian Besar, Pulau Sugibawah, and Pulau Pandjang on

the W and Pulau Sugi on the E. 

8.77 The W side of the strait is more encumbered by reefs and

small islets than the E side, which during daylight is fairly easy

of navigation. It is used by local steamers and by small craft

plying between Singapore and the Indragiri River.

8.77 In Selat Sugi, the flood current runs S and the ebb current

runs N; the current attains a velocity of 3 knots about 2 days after springs.

Pulau Sugi (Soegi) (0°50'N., 103°47'E.) is 10 miles long,

NW and SE, and has an average width of about 3 miles. A

range of hills extends through the island, the highest point being a saddle-shaped peak near its center, named Bekaka

(0°49'42"N., 103°47'30"E.), which is 306m high. There are

hills 137 to 183m high N and S. 

8.77 The peak named Sugi (Soegi)(0°48'36"N., 103°48'12"E.),

about 1.2 miles SE of Bekaka, is 190m high, and the hill within

the S end of the island is 160m high. 

8.77 On the W coast near Tanjung Malang Tiang (0°48'N.,

103°46'E.) is a precipitous hill, 170m high. The E shore of the

strait is formed by the W coast of Pulau Sugi; the S half is free

of known dangers.

8.78 Tanjung Riouw (0°45'N., 103°49'E.), the S end of

Pulau Sugi forms the E side of the S entrance of the strait, it is

a bold point, the land rising within it to a height of 160m.

Banks, with depths of 1.8 to 5.5m, extend 5.5 miles E of Tanjung Riouw, nearly connecting with East Bank and obstructing

the S fairway of Selat Sulit.

8.78 Pulau Telumas (0°47'N., 103°46'E.), on the E side of Selat

Sugi, lies about 3.2 miles WNW of Tanjung Riouw. It is about

0.5 mile long with a 79m high steep hill at its N end; the S end

is low.

8.78 Pulau Tjonding-besar (0°47'N., 103°45'E.), 31m high, and

Pulau Tjonding-kebil, two wooded islets, each surrounded by a

drying reef, lie about 1 mile W of Pulau Telumas.

8.78 Tanjung Tello (0°51'N., 103°43'E.), located about 5 miles

NW of Tanjung Malang Tiang, is rendered prominent by some

trees on the coastal reef. 

8.78 Pulau Djangka, a narrow islet, surrounded by a reef, lies

about 0.2 mile N of Tanjung Djangka (0°52'24"N.,

103°42'54"E.). Pulau Manis, also surrounded by a reef, lies

about 0.7 mile W of Pulau Djangka.

8.78 On the W shore of Selat Sugi is Pulau Pau (Paoe)

(0°47'30"N., 103°42'30"E.); to the S and E are Pulau Sugi

Darat (0°47'18"N., 103°43'15"E.), 47m high; Selerang

(0°47'30"N., 103°43'03"E.), and Pulau Sugi Laut

(0°48'03"N., 103°43'18"E.). 

8.78 Farther N are Kelontjing (0°49'18"N., 103°42'30"E.) and

Murei (0°49'30"N., 103°41'48"E.), with Pulau Jaga (0°51'N.,

103°42'E.) and Pulau Pandjang (0°51'N., 103°41'E.). 

8.79 Selat Sulit (Soelit Strait) (0°50'N., 103°50'E.), between Pulau Sugi and Pulau Tjombol (0°50'N., 103°52'E.), is

of little importance for navigation, as its S entrance is almost

closed by sand banks.

8.79 Pulau Passai (0°54'N., 103°45'E.), about 1.7 miles long,

NW and SE, is separated from the N end of Pulau Sugi by a

narrow channel. 

8.79 Pulau Sepatu (0°55'N., 103°46'E.) lies about 1.2 miles NE

of Pulau Passai. 

8.79 Selat Tjombol (0°54'N., 103°52'E.) lies between Pulau

Tjombol, Pulau Tjitlim, and Pulau Serandjau on the SW, and

the S end of Pulau Bulan and the Luing islands on the NE. Its S

approach, which is common to Selat Bulan, is obstructed by

sandbanks; its N approach is obstructed by numerous reefs. 

8.79 Though there is ample water, none of these dangers are

buoyed, and the strait is not available for navigation except to

vessels with local knowledge.

8.79 Pulau Tjombol (0°50'N., 103°52'E.) is 7.5 miles long, NW

and SE, with its greatest breadth being a little over 3 miles. A

range of hills, the highest point of which is 212m high, trends

through the center of the island; it is also hilly near the coast,

but the land between is flat. The island is thinly populated.

8.79 Pulau Tjitlim (0°47'N., 103°55'E.), SE of Pulau Tjombol

and separated from it by a narrow channel, the shores of which

are marshy on each side, is also hilly, reaching a height of 159

and 162m on its S and E sides, respectively.

8.79 The Serandjau group of islands consists of Pulau Serandjau,

the largest, rising to a height of 108m, and Katip, Kelawa, Sebai, Resam, and Pandan.

8.80 Pulau Pisang (0°52'N., 103°54'E.) with above-water

rocks close SE, lies about 0.7 mile off the NE side of Pulau

Tjombol, and is the most prominent islet in the strait. It is

spherical in shape, with two smaller islets lying off its E side.
Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 113

Pub. 174

8.80 Pulau Semangka (0°54'N., 103°50'E.) lies 1 mile off the N

coast of Pulau Tjombol and 1.5 miles E of Tanjung Kakong

(0°54'N., 103°48'E.), the N end of Pulau Tjombol.

8.80 Pulau Badas (0°55'N., 103°48'E.), 37m high, lies about 2

miles W of Pulau Semangka.

8.80 Pulau Duku (0°54'N., 103°48'E.), 48m high, lies about 0.5

mile W of Tanjung Kakong, with Terang lying between Pulau

Duku and Pulau Badas.

8.80 Pulau Sepatu (0°55'N., 103°46'E.), a small islet located near

the E end of a drying reef, lies about 1 mile W of Pulau Duku.

8.80 Paloi (0°55'N., 103°49'E.) lies about 1 mile NE of Pulau Badas. Northwest of Paloi are Telan, Pulau Telukbakau (Telok

Bakau) (0°57'N., 103°46'E.), Terong, and other islets forming

the W side of Selat Tjombol. There are many reefs between

them and Pulau Sepatu.

Pulau Bulan (Boelan) (0°59'N., 103°53'E.), forming the

greater portion of the E side of Selat Tjombol, is generally low,

except the SE part, which is hilly. 

8.80 Bulan (0°58'30"N., 103°55'42"E.), a 224m high hill, is conspicuous.

Luing (Loeing) (0°52'N., 103°58'E.) a group of islands, on

the SE side of the entrance to Selat Tjombol, consists of a number of very low islets, on the N of which there are some trees.

Luing Laut is the southernmost of the islets.

8.80 Pulau Tepekong (0°53'N., 103°56'E.),18m high, lies W of the

Luing group, about 2 miles NE of Pulau Pisang. The fairway of

Selat Tjombol lies between them, and has depths of 27m.

8.81 Pulau Djangkat (0°58'N., 103°42'E.), 32m high, lies

WSW of Pulau Kapaladjernih, in the N entrance to Selat Durian; the island is steep-to. 

Selat Bulan (Boelan Strait) (1°01'N., 103°56'E.), about 15

miles in length and separating the Bulan Archipelago from Pulau Batam, is the shortest route to Singapore from ports in Berhala or from Selat Dempo, W side of approach to Selat Riau. It

is available for light-draft vessels but from its intricate nature it

seems improbable that it will come into general use, and therefore will not be described. 

8.81 Selat Durian is slightly longer and is quite safe at all times,

there being no risk of going aground. Springs rise at 3m, while

neaps are reported to rise at 1.8 to 2.1m.

8.81 A submarine water pipeline water crosses Selat Bulan between Pulau Sambu and Sekupang. This pipeline passes close

NE of Palau Mariam and close SW of two lighted shoal patches lying to the SE.

8.81 Tides—Currents.—In Selat Durian, Selat Tjombol, and the

other minor straits, the flood usually sets to the S and the ebb to

the N, but this can not be relied upon, for frequently the currents run for 24 hours in the same direction. 

8.81 The ripplings met with in the straits in certain places might

be alarming to a stranger; they appear to be caused by the uneven bottom and the resistance the currents meet with from the

steep reefs and numerous small islands.

8.81 The flood current, setting NW through Selat Dempo runs

through Selat Abang in a W direction, a portion being deflected to the S between Pulau Pengelap (0°30'N., 104°17'E.) and

Pulau Dedap.

8.81 West of Selat Abang, the flood runs to the S between the islands near Pulau Buaya (0°11'N., 104°13'E.); farther along the

coast of Pulau Lingga the flood runs in a S direction. 

8.81 At the N entrance to Selat Cempah (0°09'N., 104°20'E.),

NW of Karoti, the flood current setting to the W turns to the

SSE in the strait.

8.81 The ebb current sets in an opposite direction in all the straits

except where currents meet or separate; in the fairways the currents do not attain a velocity of more than 2 to 2.5 knots, but

can run from 3 to 4 knots in the narrower channels.

8.81 The tidal currents in Selat Durian usually have a velocity of

2.5 knots at springs, but sometimes may have a velocity of 3 to

4 knots at springs. This irregularity appears to be produced by

the prevailing winds in the N or S entrance of the straits, forcing the currents through in one direction for 12 or 18 hours at a

time, although the rise and fall on the shore was regular.

8.81 Directions.—In Selat Merodong, according to the chart, Kebat (0°23'N., 104°18'E.) in range with the N extremity of Dua

Island (0°24'N., 104°22'E.), bearing 258°, leads between the

reefs off Daleh and those off the N end of Merodong.

8.81 In Selat Pengelap, navigation from either direction is easy.

From the E steer in with Batu Belayar (0°25'N., 104°16'E.)

well open S of the Alor Islands, bearing 222°, which leads

about 0.5 mile W of the Selanga Islets (0°30'N., 104°21'E.);

pass about 0.5 mile E of the Alor Islands, and the same distance or more N of Batu Belayar.

8.81 In Selat Abang, the N end of Pulau Pengelap bearing 075°

and with Udiep(0°31'45"N., 104°18'30"E.) just shut in, leads

in the fairway.

8.81 Pulau Karsogu (0°43'N., 103°39'E.), well open E of Pulau

Sanglang-kecil bearing W of 329°, or Djoria Peak (0°43'N.,

103°43'E.), on Pulau Durian Besar, W of 355°, leads E of the

patches S of Pulau Sanglang Besar (Sanglang-besar); it is advisable for vessels not to steer W of that bearing, for uncharted

shoal depths may exist in that area.

8.81 Djora Peak, bearing 000°, leads W of Tiga and Carnbee

Reef (0°41'N., 103°44'E.), the peak on Pulau Sanglang Besar

(Sanglang-besar), bearing W of 230°, leads SE of Tiga and

Carnbee Reef.

8.82 Directions for Selat Bangka through Selat Berhala

and Selat Durian to Singapore.—A vessel can proceed nearly

direct from light to light from abreast and S of Pulau Berhala

(0°52'S., 104°24'E.), passing about 3 miles W of the light on

Pulau Muci (0°32'S., 104°02'E.); then steer about 353°, to

pass the same distance E of the light on Rukan Selatan

(0°33'N., 103°46'E.), from where a course may be shaped to

pass about 1 mile N of Rukan Utara Light (0°37'N.,

103°46'E.). 

8.82 Vessels may also pass W of Kepulauan Rukan. From N of

Rukan Utara, steer to pass W of South Passage Island and

Perasi Island, between them and Pulau Pelangkat Light

(0°45'N., 103°35'E.); from then N between the lights on

Melvill Reef and Middelburg Reef (0°51'N., 103°34'E.), and

into Singapore Strait between Pulau Karimun and Pulau Nipa

Light (1°09'N., 103°40'E.). 

8.82 In Selat Sugi, Pulau Telumas (0°47'N., 103°46'E.) can be

passed on either side, avoiding the reefs off its extremities; then

keep along the Pulau Sugi side, giving a berth to the shoals N

and S of Tanjung Tello, then passing between Pulau Jaga

(0°51'N., 103°42'E.) and Pulau Manis or between Pulau Manis

and Djangka (0°53'N., 103°43'E.). 
114 Sector 8. East Coast of Sumatera—Selat Bangka to Singapore Strait 

Pub. 174

8.82 In either of these fairways keep in mid-channel in order to

avoid the reefs extending from the islands. 

8.82 The channel W of Tjonding Islets (0°47'N., 103°45'E.) may

be taken, if advisable, instead of passing E of Pulau Telumas. 

8.82 The summit of Rukan Selatan in range with Tanjung

Batubelobang (0°44'N., 103°45'E.), the E end of Pulau Durian

Besar, bearing 173°, leads in the fairway and E of the reef E of

Sugi Laut (0°48'N., 103°43'E.). 

8.82 When abreast this reef steer along the Pulau Sugi coast, as

described above.
Pub. 174

9. Singapore Strait and Approaches, including Singapore Island, Singapore Road, 

Keppel Harbor, and Johor Strait

9.0Additional chart coverage may be found in NGA/DLIS Catalog of Maps, Charts, and Related Products (Unlimited Distribution).

SECTOR 9 — CHART INFORMATION
117

Pub. 174

SECTOR 9 

SINGAPORE STRAIT AND APPROACHES, INCLUDING SINGAPORE ISLAND, SINGAPORE 

ROAD, KEPPEL HARBOR, AND JOHOR STRAIT

9.0 Plan.—This sector describes Singapore Strait, West Johor

Strait, Keppel Harbor, and East Johor Strait. The sector is generally described from W to E, with the exception of East Johor

Strait, which is described from E to W. 

General Remarks

9.1 This strait is bounded on the N by the Malay Peninsula and Singapore Island, and on the S by Kepulauan Riau (Riouw Archipelago) (1°00'N., 105°00'E.), S of which is the

Kepulauan Lingga (Lingga Archipelago) (3°05'N.,

105°00'E.). The entire length of Singapore Strait is about 60

miles; its breadth, at the W entrance, is about 10 miles. 

9.1 The E entrance is about 20 miles wide, but S of Singapore,

between Pulau Sakijang Bendera and Batu Berhanti, it is only

about 2.5 miles wide; however, but the fairway is deep

throughout. 

9.1 Because adequate aids to navigation exist, passage through

Singapore Strait by day or night is comparatively simple for a

prudent navigator. 

9.1 Heavy rain squalls, during which visibility is moderate or

poor, occur frequently in the strait. 

9.1 The IALA Maritime Buoyage System “A” is used for buoys

and beacons within the waters under the control of the Port of

Singapore Authority. 

9.1 Radar reflectors are not normally fitted to buoys in waters

within the control of the Port of Singapore Authority. 

9.1 An IMO-adopted routing system has been created for the

Strait of Malacca and Singapore. This system is comprised of

Traffic Separation Schemes (TSS) and a Deep-Water Route, as

well as rules for its use. 

9.1 It has been reported that numerous small boats loiter in the

TSS; these vessels do not exhibit proper lights. Numerous

small vessels and tugs cross the TSS at other than a right angle.

9.1 The Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore (MPA) has

advised of the need to put measures in place to combat piracy

and armed robbery against ships. Owners and operators are advised to provide guidance and supervision to masters to draw

up anti-piracy plans for their vessels. The plan, among other

things, should cover:

1. The need to enhance surveillance and the use of lighting and surveillance or detection equipment.

2. Crew responses if a potential attack is detected or an

attack is underway.

3. Radio and alarm procedures to be followed.

4. Reports to be made after an attack or attempted attack.

9.1 Vessels navigating close to port limits are advised to exercise

extra vigilance. In the event of an attack, masters are advised to

report to the Singapore Authorities, as follows:

1. Singapore Police Coast Guard:

a. VHF radio: VHF channel 7 or 16

b. Telephone: 6377-5540/6377-5539

c. Telefax: 276-1627

2. The MPA Port Operations Control Center:

a. VHF radio: VHF channel 5, 12, 18, 21, 22, or 68

b. Telephone: 6325-2493/6325-2494

c. Telefax: 224-5776

9.1 Masters are also advised to report any suspicious-looking

craft to the above authorities.

9.1 The International Maritime Bureau has established a Piracy

Countermeasures Center at Kuala Lumpur. The center operates

for the Southeast Asian region and is able to receive reports

from vessels concerning attacks and can advise of danger areas.

9.1 For furthur details the IMB Center can be contacted, as follows:

IMB Piracy Reporting Center

ICC International Maritime Bureau

P.O. Box 12559

50782 Kuala Lumpur

9.1Malaysia

9.1Telephone: 60-3-2031-0014

9.1Facsimile: 60-3-2078-5769

9.1Telex: MA31880 IMBPCI

9.1E-mail: imbkl@icc-ccs.org.uk

9.1 STRAITREP, a joint Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore mandatory ship reporting system, operates in the Strait of Malacca

and Singapore Strait. Further information can be found under

Singapore—Vessel Reporting System in Pub. 160, Sailing

Directions (Planning Guide) South Atlantic Ocean and Indian

Ocean. 

Pilotage

9.2 Requests for pilotage service should be placed directly with the pilot service provider, giving a minimum of 12

hours notice; the vessel’s ETA at its pilot boarding area should

be confirmed 2 to 3 hours in advance on VHF channel 20 (3

hours in advance if boarding at the East Johor Strait Boarding

Ground). The following information should be stated:

1. Vessel’s name and call sign.

2. ETA and pilot boarding location.

3. Direction of approach—“arriving from the East” or 

“arriving from the West.”

9.2 The Pilotage District, within the limits of the port of Singapore, is divided into four areas, named A, B, C, and D, in

Maritime and Port Authority of Singapore

http://www.mpa.gov.sg/index.html

IMB Piracy Reporting Center Home Page

http://www.iccwbo.org/ccs/menu_imb_piracy.asp
118 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

which differing rules apply for compulsory pilotage. These areas are reported to lie within the port limits, as follows: 

1. Area A.—West of a line joining the following positions:

a. 1°16.3'N, 103°51.4'E.

b. 1°15.0'N, 103°51.8'E.

c. 1°14.7'N, 103°52.2'E.

d. 1°14.7'N, 103°52.7'E.

e. 1°13.3'N, 103°51.8'E.

f. 1°12.7'N, 103°52.0'E. 

g. then extending to the N in the W part of Johor Strait

to the Causeway (1°27.0'N., 103°46.0'E.). 

Pilotage in Area A is compulsory for all vessels of 300 grt

or more.

2. Area B.—East of the E limit of Area A and the S limit

of the Area D, excluding Area C. Pilotage in Area B is compulsory for all vessels of 5,000 grt or more.

3. Area C.—The approach to and within Kallang Basin

(1°18'N., 103°52'E.). Pilotage in Area C is compulsory for

all vessels of 300 grt or more and for all vessels of 45m in

length or greater.

4. Area D.—East Johor Strait.—North of the N limit of

Area B and N of a line joining the following positions: 

a. 1°20.5'N, 104°00.7'E.

b. 1°20.0'N, 104°02.7'E.

c. 1°20.1'N, 104°03.2'E.

d. 1°18.8'N, 104°04.3'E.

e. 1°17.4'N, 104°05.2'E.

f. 1°17.8'N, 104°07.3'E.

g. then to the Causeway (1°27.0'N., 103°46.0'E.).

Pilotage in Area D is compulsory for all vessels of 300 grt

or more and for all vessels with a height above the waterline

of 30m or more.

9.2 Vessels are required to use certain pilot boarding grounds, as

follows:

1. Southern Boarding Ground—For vessels from E or W

proceeding directly to Singapore Cruise Center with advanced Health and Immigration clearance or with Immigration boarding at the pilot boarding ground. This boarding

ground is to be used only through prior arrangement with the

Port Operations Center.

2. Eastern Boarding Ground A—For vessels from W

proceeding directly to anchorages in the E sector, with advanced Health and Immigration clearance.

3. Eastern Boarding Ground A, Western Boarding

Ground A, or Western Boarding Ground B—For vessels

from W proceeding directly to berths and anchorages, with

advanced Health and Immigration clearance.

4. Eastern Boarding Ground A or B, as arranged with

the Pilotage Section—For vessels from E proceeding directly to berths and anchorages, with advanced Health and Immigration clearance. The Eastern Boarding Ground B is to

be used by all tankers when proceeding to pick up pilots in

the Eastern Sector.

5. Eastern Boarding Ground A—For vessels from E or

W requiring Health and Immigration clearance.

9.2 In all areas for all liquefied gas or chemical carriers which

are loaded or which have not been certified as gas free, pilotage

is required.

9.2 The pilot boarding grounds are best seen on the chart.

9.2 It is reported that pilots board between the positions of Eastern Boarding Ground A and Eastern Boarding Ground B. 

9.2 Anchoring is prohibited in Eastern Boarding Ground B due

to the presence of submarine cables.

Vessel Traffic Information Service

9.3 The Vessel Traffic Information Service (VTIS) will

assist vessels within the Singapore Strait TSS, bounded by

103°25'E, and 104°23'E. 

9.3 The VTIS is divided into VTIS East, VTIS Central, and

VTIS West. The boundary between VTIS East and VTIS Central is longitude 104°02.1'E. The boundary between VTIS Central and VTIS West is longitude 103°44.5'E. The calling and

working frequency of each VTIS sector is, as follows:

1. VTIS East—VHF channel 10.

2. VTIS Central—VHF channel 14.

3. VTIS West—VHF channel 73.

9.3 All vessels transiting Singapore Strait must maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 12. 

9.3 The following vessels are required to report to the VTIS:

1. Vessels of 300 grt and over.

2. Tugs engaged in towing or pushing if combined grt of

tug and tow or vessel being pushed is 300 grt or over.

3. Passenger vessels carrying more than 12 passengers

intending to call at Singapore.

9.3 Vessels transiting Singapore Strait but not calling at Singapore are requested to report to the VTIS.

9.3 Vessels arriving at the port of Singapore must report their

name, call sign, and position to VTIS East (Sector 9 of STRAITREP) on VHF channel 10 when entering the VTIS operational area and at the following positions: 

1. If approaching from the E via the South China Sea,

report when abeam of Horsburgh Light (1°19.8'N.,

104°24.4'E.). 

2. If approaching from the S via Selat Riau, report when

abeam of Karang Galang Light (1°10.0'N., 104°11.5'E.). 

3. If approaching from East Johor Strait, report when

abeam of Eastern Lighted Buoy (1°17.9'N., 104°06.0'E.). 

9.3 Vessels intending to join the traffic lane of the TSS in Singapore Strait between longitudes 103°44.6'E and 104°02.1'E

after departing from the port or anchorages N or S of the TSS

must report to VTIS Central (Sector 8 of STRAITREP) on

VHF channel 14.

Pilot Boarding Grounds

Eastern Boarding Ground A 1°13.52'N, 103°53.45'E.

Eastern Boarding Ground B 1°15.65'N, 103°57.40'E.

Western Boarding Ground A 1°12.92'N, 103°36.08'E.

Western Boarding Ground B 1°12.03'N, 103°39.48'E.

Southern Boarding Ground 1°11.70'N, 103°49.67'E.

Gusong Boarding Ground 1°10.48'N, 103°46.90'E.

East Johor Boarding Ground 1°17.65'N, 104°06.40'E.
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 119

Pub. 174

9.3 Vessels arriving at the port of Singapore must report their

name, call sign, and position to VTIS West (Sector 7 of

STRAITREP) on VHF channel 73 when entering the VTIS operational area and at the following positions: 

1. If approaching from the S via Selat Duran, report

when abeam of Pulau Jangkat (0°57.9'N., 103°42.7'E.). 

2. If approaching from the W via the Strait of Malacca,

report when abeam of Pulau Iyu Kechil (1°11.5'N.,

103°21.2'E.).

9.3 A VLCC (greater than 150,000 dwt) or a deep-draft vessel

(draft greater than 15m) intending to cross traffic lanes should

also report its approximate crossing location and the estimated

time of crossing.

9.3 A Confirmation of Arrival Report should be made when the

vessel is at any of the above reporting points and should include the following information:

1. Vessel name.

2. Call sign.

3. Present location, with reference to any of the abovedesignated reporting points.

4. Number of passengers and crew (passenger vessels

only).

5. ETA at first destination in the port or name of the pilot

boarding ground for vessels using the services of a pilot.

6. For vessels requiring a pilot on arrival:

a. Name of the pilot boarding ground.

b. ETA at the pilot boarding ground.

7. Height of vessel above waterline, if different from

that provided in the Notification of Arrival Report.

9.3 Vessels approaching from a location not mentioned above

must contact VTIS East or VTIS West, as appropriate, and provide the vessel’s position by bearing and distance from one of

the following reference points:

9.3 Vessels departing the port of Singapore must report to Port

Operations on VHF channel 18.

9.3 Reporting requirements.—Vessels required to participate

in the VTIS are also required to submit the following reports:

1. Notification of Arrival Report.

2. Clearance Report.

3. Arrival Report.

4. Underway Report.

9.3 Notification of Arrival Report.—Vessels of 500 grt and

over should send this report to the Singapore Portmaster 12

hours before arrival, stating:

1. Vessel name.

2. Call sign.

3. Draft (in meters).

4. Height of highest point above waterline (in meters).

5. ETA (date, month, year, and time).

6. Direction from which vessel is approaching (E, W, or

S).

7. Track-Chem Indicator (Y or N).

8. Slop/Sludge Indicator (Y or N).

9. Remarks (leave blank if not applicable).

9.3 Clearance Report.—This report is made by vessels arriving

from sea before entering the port, by vessels maneuvering from

a berth or anchorage to another location within the port, or by

departing vessels. Vessels shall seek clearance from the appropriate Sector Control Station before entering the port or commencing the movement. The report will contain the following

information:

1. Vessel name.

2. Call sign.

3. Present location.

4. Destination (location in port or bound for sea).

5. Draft.

6. Height.

7. Remarks, if any.

9.3 Arrival Report.—When a vessel has arrived at a berth or an

anchorage either from sea or from another location in the port,

the vessel shall report on VHF, as soon as practicable, to the

appropriate Sector Control Station, as follows:

1. Vessels berthing alongside—the report contains the

following information:

a. Vessel name.

b. Call sign.

c. Arrival date and time.

d. Name of the berth or location.

2. Vessels at anchor—the report contains the following

information:

a. Vessel name.

b. Call sign.

c. Arrival date and time.

d. Name of the anchorage.

e. Bearing and distance of vessel from one of the listed Position Reference Points, as follows:

9.3 The clearance and arrival reports shall be made by VHF radiotelephone to the appropriate control station. For these reports the port has been divided into six sectors. Each sector has

a Sector Control Station, which operates on a designated VHF

channel. 

9.3 All vessels at anchor should maintain a continuous listening

watch on the VHF channel for the appropriate Sector Control

Pulau Iyu Kechil 1°11.5'N, 103°21.2'E. 

Sultan Shoal Light 1°14.4'N, 103°39.0'E.

Raffles Light 1°09.6'N, 103°44.6'E.

Sakijang Lighted Beacon 1°13.3'N, 103°51.4'E.

Bedok Light 1°18.6'N, 103°56.1'E. 

Tanjung Setapa Light 1°20.6'N, 104°08.2'E.

Horsburgh Light 1°19.8'N, 104°24.4'E. Sector Position Reference 

Point

Timor Amber Lighted Beacon

Jurong Rimau Lighted Beacon

Sultan Shoal Light

Sembawang Control Eastern Lighted Buoy
120 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

Station, as follows: 

9.3 Vessels proceeding to the Sudong Bunkering Anchorages are

required to confirm the anchorage availability with the VTIS at

least 4 hours prior to arrival.

9.3 Underway Report.—After clearance has been granted under the Clearance Report, vessels shall report to Port Operations East or Port Operations West, as appropriate, when

underway and entering the fairway. The report shall be made

when abeam of any of the Reporting Points listed below, and

shall contain the vessel’s name, call sign, and present location.

9.3 Vessels make the report to Port Operations East on VHF

channel 12 (back up channel is VHF channel 18) when E of

longitude 103°51.2'E, or to Port Operations West on VHF

channel 68 (back up channel is VHF channel 18) when W of

longitude 103°51.2'E.

9.3 Vessels bound for Eastern Anchorage by way of Corridor

should contact Port Operations Control East concerning any

traffic movements. 

9.3 All underway vessels must maintain a continuous listening

watch on VHF channel 12 or 68, as appropriate.

9.3 In the event that the VTIS radar system is inoperable, vessels

will also report, as appropriate, at the following reporting

points: 

Regulations

9.3 By direction of the Port Master, passenger ships (including

high speed craft), cargo ships greater than 500 gross tons, and

mobile offshore drilling units must complete the Pre-Arrival

Notification of Security (PANS) form and send it to the Maritime Security Department (facsimile: 65-6221-3036), at least

24 hours before the ship’s arrival in Singapore. 

Sector Sector Control 

Station

VHF 

channel

Timor Timor 12

Keppel Keppel 18

Cruise Bay Cruise Bay 5

West Jurong Jurong 22

West Johor Strait Jurong 22

East Johor Strait Sembawang 21

Cyrene Cyrene 25

Sinki Sinki 68

Eastern East 12

Western West 68

Reporting Points E of Longitude 103°°51.1'E

Reference Point Position

Airway Lighted Buoy 1°17.7'N, 104°01.2'E.

Lagoon Beacon 1°16.6'N, 103°57.5'E.

Forward Lighted Buoy 1°16.1'N, 103°56.0'E.

Rear Beacon 1°17.4'N, 103°55.1'E

Approach Lighted Buoy 1°17.0'N, 103°54.0'E.

Timor Beacon 1°16.1'N, 103°54.9'E

NE Corridor Lighted Buoy 1°15.4'N, 103°53.8'E.

Sirdhana Lighted Buoy 1°14.7'N, 103°52.7'E.

Outer Shoal Beacon 1°15.0'N, 103°51.9'E.

Ro Ro Lighted Buoy 1°15.9'N, 103°51.5'E

Buran Buoy 1°15.1'N, 103°51.0'E

Tembakul Lighted Beacon 1°13.3'N, 103°51.8'E.

Reporting Points W of Longitude 103°°51.1'E

Reference Point Position

Rimau Lighted Beacon 1°15.6'N, 103°48.5'E.

West Panjong Approach Buoy 1°16.2'N, 103°47.2'E.

Selegi Lighted Beacon 1°13.6'N, 103°49.7'E.

Sisters Lighted Buoy 1°13.0'N, 103°48.3'E.

Sebarok Lighted Buoy 1°11.8'N, 103°48.4'E.

East Cyrene Lighted Buoy 1°15.6'N, 103°45.9'E.

Pusing Lighted Buoy 1°17.2'N, 103°44.3'E.

Sawa Lighted Buoy 1°15.1 N, 103°44.0'E.

Serebut Lighted Beacon 1°14.8'N, 103°42.2'E.

Ajax Shoal Buoy 1°13.7 N, 103°39.8'E.

Salu Lighted Buoy 1°12.5'N, 103°40.6'E.

Esso No. 3 Buoy 1°16.3 N, 103°41.1'E.

Triton Lighted Beacon 1°16.4'N, 103°39.4'E.

Eastbound Vessels

Reporting Point Station VHF channel

Racon D VTIS West 73

Sakijiang Light VTIS Central 14

Tanjung Setapa Light VTIS East 10

Horsburgh Light VTIS East 10

Westbound Vessels

Reporting Point Station VHF channel

Tanjung Setapa Light VTIS East 10

Sakijiang Light VTIS Central 14

Raffles Light VTIS West 73

Pulau Iyu Kechil VTIS West 73

Reporting Points E of Longitude 103°°51.1'E

Reference Point Position
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 121

Pub. 174

9.3 To avoid delays to the ship and cargo operations, it is recommended that International Ship and Port Facility Security Code

(ISPS)-compliant ships implement the security measures, declare it in the PANS form, and retain onboard the completed

checklist before calling at the port of Singapore. 

9.3 Ships calling at Singapore’s port will be subject to control

and compliance measures. These may include the assessment

of ship security information provided by the ship’s master in

the PANS prior to entering port. 

Caution

9.3 Several hovercraft are operating along the Singapore coast

and in Johor Strait. 

9.3 The Director of Marine, Singapore, advises that ships in Singapore Strait between the area W of Sultan Shoal (1°14'N.,

103°39'E.) and Horsburgh Light (1°20'N., 104°24'E.) proceed

at slow speed consistent with safe navigation standards in view

of the traffic likely to be encountered. Engines should be ready

to maneuver instantly.

9.3 A dangerous wreck, best seen on the chart and marked

(2004) by racon buoys, lies approximately 2.3 miles S of Eastern Boarding Ground A, placing it on the outer edge of the

eastbound lane of the Traffic Separation Scheme.

Singapore Strait—West Part of South Shore

9.4 The Karimun Islands (1°06'N., 103°27'E.), on the S

side of the W approach to Singapore Strait, have been previously described begining in paragraph 5.18. Little Karimun’s N

point lies about 9 miles SW of Tanjong Piai (1°16'N.,

103°30'E.). Great Karimun extends about 33 miles Southward.

Eastward of these islands is the N entrance to Elat Durian.

Pulau Nipa (Tree Island) (1°09'N., 103°40'E.) is the NW of

a chain of islands extending about 5 miles in a NW and SE direction and forming the S side of Singapore Main Strait. The

islet is 0.9m high and lies near the SE end of a coral reef which

dries from 0.3 to 2.4m. A sand bank extends from the N side of

the islet along the NE edge of the reef. There are a few trees on

the reef. A light is shown from the NE side of the reef.

9.4 The Nipa Transit Anchorage has been established in the area

immediately SW of Pulau Nipa between the traffic separation

lanes. This anchorage is for the emergency anchoring of vessels, including damaged vessels proceeding for repairs, prior to

entry into a shipyard or similar matters. Another designated anchorage area lies SW of the Nipa Transit Anchorage on the opposite side of the traffic lane. 

9.4 Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies in position 1°11.7'N,

103°32.8'E.

9.4 To keep in the fairway N of this shoal and S of the shoals lying SW of Pulau Pawai (1°11'N., 103°44'E.) keep Raffles

Light on Pulau Satumu (1°10'N., 103°45'E.) between the

bearings of 100° and 104°. 

9.4 About 8 miles NW of the NW extremity of Pulau Nipa is an

area where the tidal currents from the various straits and channels in the vicinity converge. It is impossible to give the exact

limits of the area; therefore, it must be treated with caution.

The W entrance to Singapore Strait must be approached very

carefully as a relatively small difference in position may mean

a great difference in the direction and strength of the tidal current. 

9.4 Kent Rocks (1°09'N., 103°41'E.), about 1.2 miles ESE of

the light on Pulau Nipa, lie in a NW-SE direction from each

other, about 0.5 mile apart. They are steep-to and their positions are usually marked by tidal rips. From the S rock, which

is the larger of the two and has a depth of 2.3m, the center of

Pulau Pelampong is in range with the E extremity of Pulau

Takong Besar, bearing 125°, the former island distant 1 mile.

The N rock has a depth of 1.2m. 

Pulau Pelampong (Red Islet) (1°07'N., 103°42'E.), a sandy

12.5m high islet located about 3 miles SE of Pulau Nipa, is

about 119m long and 64m wide; it is a peculiar red color, with

a few trees. The reef surrounding Pulau Pelampong extends

about 0.5 mile NW, with a breadth of about 0.2 mile. 

9.4 Five small reefs, which uncover 0.6 to 0.9m, lie from 0.5 to

1.5 miles SW of Pulau Pelampong. A wreck, with a depth of

21.5m, lies in Singapore Main Strait 1.3 miles NE of Pulau

Pelampong. Another wreck lies 0.75 mile due W of Pulau Pelampong.

9.4 Pulau Takong Besar (1°07'N., 103°43'E.) is 26m high to the

tops of the trees. The rock off the N end is 1.2m high, and a

small detached reef lies about 183m SW of the SW edge of the

surrounding reef.

9.4 Between Pulau Pelampong and Pulau Takong Besar is a

channel used by local vessels. 

9.4 Pulau Takong Kecil (1°06'N., 103°43'E.), 25m high to the

tops of the trees, is small, thickly overgrown, and lies about 0.5

mile SSE of Pulau Takong Besar. There is a red cliff, about

12m high, that rises at its S extremity. A light is shown from

Pulau Takong Kecil.

9.4 The reef surrounding this islet is narrow on the E side, but is

about 0.2 mile wide on the W and S sides. 

9.4 A small detached reef is located about 183m from the shore

reef on the S side; a lighted beacon stands on the reef. Two detached reefs lie N and NE from the islet at 0.2 mile distant; the

E of these reefs is about 0.2 mile in extent. 

9.5 Phillip Channel (1°05'N., 103°45'E.) lies between

Horsburgh Light
122 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

Pulau Takong Besar and Pulau Takong Kecil to the NW, and

the numerous islands fronting Pulau Batam and Pulau Bulan to

the SE. The channel is about 3 miles wide and lies within the

deep water and general E traffic lane of the Singapore Strait

Traffic Separation Scheme. 

Tanjung Jernih (Steep Cape) (Tanjong Djernih) (1°02'N.,

103°45'E.), the NW point of Pulau Kapalajernih, is 64m high,

precipitous, and conspicuous; it forms the SE side of Phillip

Channel.

9.5 Islets and rocks extend SW of Tanjung Jernih to Pulau Jangkat (Djangkat) (0°58'N., 103°43'E.), encumbering the N entrance to Selat Combol (0°54'N., 103°52'E.). 

Pulau Cula (Tjupla) (1°02'N., 103°43'E.), in the S approach

to Phillip Channel, about 3 miles WNW of Tanjung Jernih, is a

bare rock of yellowish color, 11m high, with a flat top and perpendicular sides; it is surrounded by a reef to a distance of

about 0.2 mile, with depths of 7.3 to 9.1m lying 0.3 mile off the

islet. Vessels should not pass between it and Tanjung Jernih. A

dangerous wreck lies about 0.5 mile E of the above islet. The

islet is marked by a light.

9.5 Karang Tangah (1°02'N., 103°44'E.), located in the fairway

between Pulau Cula and Tanjung Jernih, is 0.6 mile long in a N

and S direction, about 0.1 mile wide, and dries. 

9.5 The channel between Karang Tangah and Pulau Cula is deep

but is not recommended; a dangerous wreck lies 0.5 mile E of

Pulau Cula. A drying reef lies between Karang Tangah and

Tanjung Jernih. An obstruction lies about 2 miles NE of

Karang Tangah. 

9.5 Pulau Pemping Besar (1°06'N., 103°48'E.), the largest of the

NW islands of the Bulan Archipelago (1°04'N., 103°48'E.), and

forming the E side of Phillip Channel, is about 2 miles long and

fully 1 mile wide. It is composed of a number of moderately-elevated hills, with the greatest elevation being 60m high. 

9.5 Several above-water rocks lie on the reef which encircles the

island to a distance of 0.2 to 0.3 mile; a wooded rock lies close

to its N extremity. 

9.5 Pulau Labon (1°06'N., 103°47'E.), two small islets lying

about 0.5 mile W of Pulau Pemping Besar, are connected to it

by reefs; a detached reef about 0.5 mile long lies W of the islets. The larger N islet is fringed with mangroves, above which

is a bare conical hill, 29m high. 

9.5 A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 0.7 mile W of the

N islet. 

9.5 A reef, about 0.2 mile in extent and which dries, lies almost

1.5 miles S of Pulau Labon, with another reef midway between; another reef lies about 0.5 mile off the NE extremity of

Pulau Kapalajernih. 

9.5 East of these reefs lies Pulau Ampar (1°03'N., 103°49'E.),

27m high, with Pulau Kera (1°04'N., 103°48'E.) on the W extremity of the former island’s reef. A rock, which dries, lies

about 0.5 mile farther W. A great number of islets and rocks lie

NE of the above, and can best be seen on the chart.

9.6 Helen Mar Reef (1°07'N., 103°46'E.), marked by a

light, is the outer and NW of the dangers which lie off the NW

end of Pulau Batam and the turning point from Phillip Channel

into Singapore Main Strait for eastbound vessels. The reef consists of two drying patches; both are steep-to and lie within the

20m curve. A wreck, the hull or superstructure of which is visible, was reported at Helen Mar Reef in 2003.

9.6 A coral patch with a depth of 1.3m lies about 0.3 mile SSE

of Helen Mar Reef; drying reefs lie between the 1.3m coral

patch and Pulau Pemping Besar to the SE. A rock, with a depth

of 0.9m, lies about 1.2 miles E of Helen Mar Reef.

Djantan (Jantan) (1°06'N., 103°22'E.), the 437m high S

peak on Pulau Karimunbesar, in range with Pulau Pelampong

bearing 266°, leads about 0.4 mile N of Helen Mar Reef; Tanjong Jernih, bearing 190°, leads the same distance W. 

9.6 Pulau Nirup (1°08'N., 103°50'E.), with a flat hill 47m high,

lies about 2 miles NE of Pulau Pemping Besar. 

9.6 Kapal Islets (1°08'N., 103°50'E.), from 13.1 to 36m high, lie

about 0.7 mile NE of Pulau Nirup; farther NE is Pulau Belakangpadang. 

9.6 A flat with depths of less than 5.5m extends about 0.7 mile

W of Pulau Nirup. The drying reef N of Pulau Nirup extends to

a distance of about 0.2 mile. 

9.6 Pulau Subar (1°09'N., 103°50'E.), a rock 18.3m high, lies

just N of the Kapal Islets, within the 20m curve fronting the

above islands. 

9.6 Buffalo Rock (1°09'N., 103°49'E.), marked by a lighted beacon, 1.5m high, with a patch which dries 0.6m about 91m S of

it, lies about 1.3 miles NW of Pulau Subar, well out toward the

fairway of Singapore Main Strait. There is a depth of 17m

about 2 miles NW of Buffalo Rock. 

Pulau Tolop (Pulau Telup) (1°10'N., 103°52'E.) and Pulau

Senang, encircled by the same common reef, lie about 0.5 mile

off the W coast of Pulau Belakangpadang. 

9.6 Caution.—Submerged dangers lie up to 0.5 mile NW of the

islands. A dangerous reef, extending about 0.2 mile in a NE

and SW direction, lies about 0.5 mile W of Pulau Telup. 

9.6 Depths of 10.5m lie close to the reef on its W and SE sides,

but near the N and S ends of the reef are depths of 0.7 to 4.1m. 

9.7 Pulau Belakangpadang (1°09'N., 103°53'E.), 30m

high and about 2 miles in diameter, is the largest of the islands

on the S side of Singapore Main Strait and fronts the entrance

of Selat Bulan (1°09'N., 103°55'E.). 

9.7 The island is generally low, covered with jungle, and encircled by a reef which projects nearly 0.5 mile in places. 

9.7 It is separated from Pulau Sambu (1°10'N., 103°54'E.) to

the E by Sambu Road, a channel about 0.5 mile wide, which

has depths of 13.7 to 29m and is described in paragraph 9.8.

9.7 The N entrance of Selat Bulan lies between Pulau Miriam

and Tanjung Pinggir. The fairway lies on the W side of the entrance and is clear of the dangers off Tanjung Pinggir. 

9.7 There is a pier on the E side of Pulau Belakangpadang, about

183m long, with a T-head about 33m long. 

9.7 A detached reef, marked at its N end by a light, lies close N

of the encircling reef that contains Pulau Belakangpadang. A

depth of 11.4m lies about 0.2 mile NE of the detached reef.

9.7 Indonesian quarantine and immigration stations are located

on Pulau Belakangpadang. Vessels requiring inspection for entry into Indonesian ports in the area may receive such inspection here. 

9.7 Tanjong Pinggir (1°08'N., 103°55'E.), the NW extremity of

Pulau Batam, is the E side of the N entrance of Selat Bulan.

The point is easily identified by a 47m high bare conical hill. 

9.7 Detached drying reefs and foul ground extend up to 0.6 mile

NW of Tanjung Pinggir and encumbers the E side of the N entrance of Selat Bulan. 
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 123

Pub. 174

9.7 A small reef, with a least depth of 1.8m, lies about 0.5 mile

N of Tanjung Pinggir. 

9.8 Sambu Road (1°10'N., 103°53'E.) lies between the

islands of Anaksambu, Sambu and Mariam on the NE and Pulau Belakangpadang and Pulau Lengkana on the SW. 

9.8 The road has a least width of about 0.2 mile between Pulau

Sambu and Pulau Belakangpadang, and extends in a NW and

SE direction for about 2 miles.

9.8 Anchorage.—Vessels arriving at night should anchor off the

NE side of Pulau Sambu, in 20 to 35m. Large vessels awaiting

a berth should anchor about 0.8 mile WSW of the light on Batu

Berhanti, in a depth of about 42m. 

9.8 Except for Government and small local vessels, all navigation and fishing within the limits of the roadstead is prohibited

at night between 2100 and 0600.

9.8 A prohibited anchorage area, best seen on the chart, lies S of

Batu Berhanti.

9.8 Vessels should not enter or leave at night, as the current is

strong and full of eddies. 

9.8 Batu Berhanti (1°11'N., 103°53'E.) are two rocky ledges

about 0.2 mile apart, the centers of which are above-water. A

light, shown from a conspicuous structure, stands on the W

rocky ledge of Batu Berhanti. 

9.8 A depth of 2.5m lies about 0.2 mile NE of the W rock of

Batu Berhanti. Within about 0.2 mile NW and SE of the same

rock are depths of 5.5 to 8.8m. 

9.8 A bank, about 4 miles long, lies E of Batu Berhanti, with

depths varying from 8.2 to 18.3m.

9.8 A shoal bank, as defined by the 30m curve, extends about 1

mile NNW of Batu Berhanti. Least depths of 13.7 to 14.9m are

found on the outer part of the shoal.

9.9 Pulau Anaksambu (1°10'N., 103°54'E.), about 0.3

mile long, lies about 0.7 mile SSE of Batu Berhanti. Karang

Sambu extends about 0.5 mile NW of Pulau Anaksambu; about

0.2 mile further NW is a 6.5m shoal with a dangerous wreck at

its SE end. 

9.9 Pulau Sambu (1°10'N., 103°54'E.), about 0.3 mile SE of

Pulau Anaksambu, is fringed by a reef, except on its SW side.

The port of Sambu is described in paragraph 9.10. 

9.9 Pulau Mariam (1°09'N., 103°54'E.), an islet marked by a

light, lies about 0.2 mile S of Pulau Sambu. 

9.9 Foul ground and three drying patches lie in the fairway between Pulau Mariam and Tanjung Pinggir. A reef extends from

the N and NE sides of Pulau Mariam. A depth of 6.5m lies

close S of the island. 

9.9 Depths of 3.2 to 7.5m lie 0.8 mile SW and 0.6 mile SSW, respectively, of the island.

9.9 Caution.—Owing to the strong tidal currents which prevail

in this part of the strait, and the rocky and uneven nature of the

bottom, violent eddies and overfalls are usually encountered, it

is therefore advisable to keep on the N side of the strait.

Sambu (1°10'N., 103°54'E.)

World Port Index No. 50060

9.10 An oil terminal and its facilities are situated on the

SW side of Pulau Sambu. 

9.10 Winds—Weather.—The terminal may be affected by sudden heavy squalls, usually occurring during the night.

9.10 Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents generally parallel the

wharves. The flood current sets NW while the ebb current sets

SE; velocities may reach 2 to 3 knots.

9.10 An eddy extends along the SW side of Pulau Sambu, occasionally being felt as far as the SE extremity of the island.

9.10 Depths—Limitations.—Pier facilities, which are described

below, are situated on the SW side of Pulau Sambu.

9.10 The Dolce Berth has a depth alongside of 40m. It is used for

oil and can accommodate vessels up to 120,000 dwt, with a

maximum vessel length of 175m.

9.10 Berth No. 1 has a depth alongside of 10.5m. It is used for oil

and can accommodate vessels up to 29,000 dwt, with a maximum vessel length of 270m.

9.10 Berth No. 2 has a depth alongside of 11.3m. It is used for

fresh water and can accommodate vessels up to 400 dwt, with a

maximum vessel length of 56m.

9.10 Berth No. 3 has a depth alongside of 10.6m. It is used for oil

and can accommodate vessels up to 6,500 dwt, with a maximum vessel length of 125m.

9.10 Berth No. 4 has a depth alongside of 5.6m. It is used for oil

and can accommodate vessels up to 400 dwt, with a maximum

vessel length of 270m.

9.10 Berth No. 5 has a depth alongside of 3m. It is used for general cargo and fresh water. It can accommodate vessels up to 200

dwt, with a maximum vessel length of 31m.

9.10 Aspect.—Numerous petroleum storage tanks are conspicuous from various directions. A flagstaff stands on a hill about

0.2 mile from the SE end of Pulau Sambu. A beacon stands on

a reef at the SE end of the island. 

9.10 Radar ranges obtained from Pulau Sambu and surrounding

islands should be regarded with caution since all the islands are

surrounded by drying reefs. 

9.10 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory. Pilots require 6 hours notice of arrival and 3 hours notice of departure.

9.10 The pilot vessel flies a blue flag with a white star and meets

vessels approximately 0.7 mile SW of Batu Berhanti Lighted

Beacon, as best seen on chart. 

9.10 Pilots are forbidden to proceed during thick or foggy weather

or when navigational marks are not visible. Berthing and unberthing are permitted during daylight hours only.

Regulations.—Vessel movements are limited to daylight

hours. The terminal usually takes one tanker at a time and

therefore it is unlikely tankers will meet outbound vessels with

this arrangement. 

9.10 Signals.—The following signals are shown for vessels requiring a pilot. 

1. By day—Flags “UC,” International Code, pilot jack,

or the vessel’s national flag at the fore.

2. By night—A blue light every 15 minutes or a white

light shown over the stern at short frequent intervals for

about 1 minute at a time. 

9.10 The above signal should be made only until the pilot is onboard. 

9.10 Anchorage.—For information, see Sambu Road in paragraph 9.8.

9.10 Directions.—When approaching from the W, steer for the

middle of the entrance to Sambu Road bearing 141°. If approaching from the E, steer to pass N of Batu Berhanti, and
124 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

then for the entrance as directed for a vessel approaching from

the W. 

9.10 The channel between Pulau Anaksambu and Pulau Sambu is

suitable only for small craft.

Caution.—Due to the reclamation of land, Temasek Fairway

must be traversed to access West Jurong Channel. The fairway

lies between Sultan Shoal Light on the W and Jurong Island on

the E.

9.10 A dangerous wreck lies 1mile WSW of Batu Berhanti Lighted Beacon.

West Jurong Channel

9.11 Tanjong Gul (1°17.7'N., 103°39.9'E.) is a fairly high

bluff, steep-to from seaward, and generally sloping gradually

toward the interior. It is covered with timber, though there has

been some attempt at clearing on the E slope. Two radio towers

stand about 4 miles N of the point. 

9.11 Long Shoal (1°17'N., 103°39'E.) lies on the N side of West

Jurong Fairway about 0.4 mile SW of Tanjong Gul. A least

depth of 1m lies over an obstruction situated on the shoal. The

shoal is marked close NE by a lighted buoy. 

9.11 From Tanjong Gul, the coast extending E to Sungi Pandan

(1°18'N., 103°45'E.), a distance of about 6 miles, consists of

mangrove swamps, backed by hills 30 to 61m high and fronted

by reefs, on which lies Pulau Samulun and Pulau Damar Laut,

both of which are described later. 

9.11 Gul Channel (1°18'N., 103°40'E.), a basin with general

depths of 4.3 to 6m, lies close ENE of Tanjung Gul. Repair

berths, with alongside depths of 7 to 10m, occupy the NE side

of the basin. There are also two dry docks, the largest of which

can accommodate vessels up to 300,000 dwt. The controlling

depth of the fairway approaching the berths is 5.8m 

9.11 Benoi Basin (1°18'N., 103°41'E.), whose depths are best

seen on the chart, lies close E of Gul Channel. 

9.11 The Exxon/Mobil Asia Pacific (1°17.9'N., 103°41.3'E.) oil

depot is close E of Benoi Basin. The tidal rise at the oil depot is

3.4m at springs and 0.6m at neaps. The currents parallel the

pier faces with the ebb flowing E and the flood flowing W.

9.11 Depths—Limitations.—The T-head pier provides four

berths, while an L-head pier provides two berths, the locations

of which can best be seen on the chart, as follows:

1. Berth No. 1 is 360m long, with an alongside depth of

13.1m. It can accommodate vessels up to 120,000 dwt.

2. Berth No. 2 is 270m long, with an alongside depth of

about 12.8m. It can accommodate vessels up to 50,000 dwt.

3. Berth No. 3 is 270m long, with an alongside depth of

11.9m. It can accommodate vessels of 30,000 to 50,000 dwt.

4. Berth No. 4 is 145m long, with an alongside depth of

9.4m, although caution is necessary as an obstruction, with a

charted depth of 7.4m, lies close N of the berth. The berth

can accommodate vessels up to 5,000 dwt.

5. Berth No. 5 is situated on the NE extremity of Pulau

Pesak, on the S side of Selat Jurong. The berth is 300m long;

it has an alongside depth of 14.8m and can accommodate

vessels up to 50,000 dwt.

6. Berth No. 6 is 130m long, with an alongside depth of

7.7m.

7. Berth No. 7 situated about 0.4 mile W of Berth No. 6

is 286m long, with an alongside depth of 14.7m.

8. Berth No.8 is 132m long, with an alongside depth of

14.0m.

9. Berth No. 9 is 132m long, with an alongside depth of

12.5m.

9.12 Pulau Samulun (1°18'N., 103°42'E.), 21m high, lies

E of the Exxon/Mobil Asia Pacific oil depot. The Jurong Shipyard is situated at the S end of Pulau Samulun.

 Dry Dock 1 will accomodate vessels up to 90,000 dwt; Dry

Dock 2 will accommodate vessels up to 300,000 dwt. There is

also a floating dry dock of 2,000 tons lifting capacity.

East Jurong Channel

9.13 Pulau Damar Laut (1°18'N., 103°43'E.), 17m high,

lies about 1 mile E of Pulau Samulun. A causeway joins Pulau

Damar Laut with Jurong Island separating West Jurong Channel from East Jurong Channel. A prominent chimney, which

sometimes shows a flare, stands about 2 miles WNW of Pulau

Damar Laut; another chimney, marked by obstruction lights,

stands 0.8 mile NNW of the same island.

9.13 The S side of Pulau Damar Laut is composed of a continuous

quay, consisting of six berths, each with a depth of 18m alongJurong Shipyard PTE Limited

http://www.jspl.com.sg/index.htm

Jurong Shipyard PTE (Repair Division)

Dry Dock/Quay Length Width Depth 

alongside

No. 1 270m 40m 10.0m

No. 2 350m 56m 12.0m

East Quay—North 174m - 5.6m (2000)

East Quay—South 60m - 2.6m (2000)

South Quay—East 354m - 6.2m (1999)

South Quay—West 80m - 5.3m (1999)

West Quay 403m - 4.3m (2000)

Jurong Shipyard PTE (New Ship Division)

Dry Dock/Quay Length Width Depth 

alongside

No. 3 380m 80.2m 14.0m

No. 5 335m 56m 11.5m

North Quay 160m - 4.3m (2000)

East Quay—North 200m - 5.5m (2000)

East Quay—South 365m - 8.3m (1999)

South Quay—West 240m - 5.0m (1999)

South Quay—East 330m - 6.2m (2005)

West Quay 250m - 4.6m (1999)
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 125

Pub. 174

side. A directional light stands close to the E of the easternmost

berth.

9.13 Port Jurong (1°18'N., 103°44'E.), abreast the NE side of Pulau Damar Laut, has a total berthing length of 1,517m, with

alongside depths of 6.4 to 13m. The Pulau Damar Laut Basin,

which lies adjacent to Port Jurong, has a dredged depth of

13.3m (2002).

9.13 The Sungai Jurong (1°18'N., 103°44'E.), entered close E of

Port Jurong, is the designated fishing harbor, and has a least

depth of about 3.4m in the fairway. Many oil pipelines, best

seen on the chart, lie in Selat Jurong.

9.13 The Vopak Terminal (Tanjong Penjuru) (1°17.8'N.,

103°43.8'E.), a T-head wharf, lies SE of the entrance to the

Sungai Jurong. Berth 1, is 183m in length with alongside depth

of 14.5m and Berth 2, with alongside depth of 14m, can accommodate vessels up to 85,000 dwt, with a maximum length

of 180m. Berth 3, with an alongside depth of 13.7m, can accommodate a vessel up to 5,000 dwt, with a maximum length

of 116m. 

9.13 The Caltex Singapore Terminal (1°17.7'N., 103°44.3'E.),

which consists of five sets of breasting dolphins, with a total of

seven berths, is close SE of the GATX Terminal. Berth 1, 402m

in length with an alongside depth of 13.9m, can accommodate

vessels up to 100,000 dwt and/or a maximum length of 335m.

Berth 2, 314m in length with an alongside depth of 14.5m can

accommodate vessels up to 132,000 dwt and/or a maximum

length of 300m. The remaining berths are best seen on the chart.

The controlling depth of the fairway approaching the berths is

12.8m. 

9.13 Caltex Singapore has installed a real-time current meter to

give indication of tidal strength at the time of berthing activities.

9.13 The Sungai Pandan (1°18'N., 103°45'E.) is entered close E

of Tanjung Penura. The coast for 2 miles S and E of the Sungai

Pandan is fronted by drying sand banks, and sometimes

marked by pile beacons, extending up to 1 mile offshore.

9.13 East of these sand banks, the coast trends 2 miles SE to Tanjong Berlayar (1°16'N., 103°48'E.). 

9.13 A tower stands about 0.2 mile NW of Tanjong Berlayar.

9.14 Pasir Panjang Terminal (1°17.2'N., 103°46.1'E.) has

2,000m of berthing space, with alongside depths of

approximately 15.0m, between Berth PO1 through Berth PO6.

The controlling depth of the fairway approaching the berths is

15.0m. 

Port Jurong Home Page

http://www.jp.com.sg

Tanjong Penjuru—Vopak Terminal

Pasir Panjang Terminal

http://www.psa.com.sg/container/5-4.html

Pasir Panjang Wharves—Berthing Limitations

Berth Length of 

berth

Depth 

alongside

Controlling 

depth in 

approaches

PW1A 195m 3.7m (1995) —

PW1 250m 11.0m (2002) 10.7m

PW2 190m 10.1m (2002) 10.7m

PW3 450m 7.0m (2002) —

PW4 360m 6.9m (2002) —

PW5 135m 11.0m (2003) 10.6m

PW6 315m 11.0m (2003) 10.6m

PW7 175m 11.5m (2003) 10.6m

PW8 95m 11.5m (2003) 10.6m

PO1 364m 15.0m (2005) 15.0m

PO2 364m 15.1m (2005) 15.0m

PO3 364m 15.0m (2005) 15.0m

PO4 363m 15.0m (2006) 15.0m

PO5 364m 15.0m (2005) 15.0m

PO6 326m 15.0m (2006) 15.0m

PO7 326m 15.0m (2006) 15.0m

PO8 326m 15.0m (2006) 15.0m

P09 326m 15.0m (2007) 15.0m

P10 326m 15.0m (2007) 15.0m

P11 328m 15.0m (2008) 15.0m

P18 326m 16.0m (2008) —

P19 326m 16.0m (2008) 16.3m

P20 326m 16.1m (2008 16.3m

P21 360m 16.0m (2006) 16.6m

P22 360m 16.0m (2005) 16.6m

P23 360m 16.0m (2005) 18.1m

P24 360m 16.0m (2005) 15.7m
126 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.14 Pasir Panjang Wharves (1°16.6'N., 103°46.8'E.) lie just E

of the Pasir Panjang Terminal on the West Keppel Fairway.

Berthing information is given in the accompanying table.

Jurong Island

9.15 Jurong Island is formed by reclaimed land. At one

time it consisted of six islands (Pulau Pesek, Pulau Ayer Chawan, Pulau Merlimau, Pulau Seraya, Pulau Ayer Merbau, and

Pulau Sakra). A causeway now bisects Selat Jurong, connecting Jurong Island with Singapore, forming West Jurong Channel and East Jurong Channel.

9.15 Regulations.—A prohibited area encircles Jurong Island.

All vessels are restricted and prohibited from entering, anchoring, mooring, transiting or being in the area for any other purposes unless specific approval had been obtained from the Port

Master. In granting approval, the Port Master may impose further time or location specific restrictions and conditions. 

9.15 The oil wharf situated on the N side of Jurong Island W of

Pesek Basin is part of the Exxon/Mobil Asia Pacific complex

and has been previously described in Benoi Basin in paragraph

9.11. Another T-headed pier, with an alongside depth of 14.7m,

extends NW close W of the Exxon/Mobil piers.

Three T-headed jetties are situated on the NE corner of Pesek

Basin, with 10 to 15m alongside. 

9.15 The Vopak Terminal (Banyan) (1°16.5'N., 103°41.5'E.) is

an oil and chemical transfer facility. It is comprised of two

jetties capable of handling vessels up to 120,000 dwt. The

depth alongside is 15.5m. 

P25 260m 15.0m (2005) 15.0m

P26 260m 15.0m (2005) 15.0m

Pasir Panjang Wharves—Berthing Limitations

Berth Length of 

berth

Depth 

alongside

Controlling 

depth in 

approaches

Jurong Island—Vopak Terminal

Pasir Panjang Terminal
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 127

Pub. 174

9.15 The Esso Refinery (1°16.8'N., 103°41.5'E.), a bunkering terminal, is situated on the S side of Pesek Basin. The tidal range

at the terminal is 2.1m at springs and 0.9m at neaps. 

9.15 A jetty provides six berths, five of which are T-head projections. Each berth is capable of stern loading to conventional

service. 

9.15 The berths are numbered from S to N; limiting dimensions

are given below:

1. Berth No. 1, with a length of 110m and a depth alongside of 9.0m, accommodates vessels up to 35,000 dwt.

2. Berth No. 2, with a length of 198m and a depth alongside of 12.5m, accommodates vessels up to 25,000 dwt.

3. Berth No. 3, with a length of 244m and a depth alongside of 12.6m, and accommodates vessels up to 48,000 dwt.

4. Berth No. 4, with a length of 305m and a depth alongside of 15.7m, accommodates vessels up to 80,000 dwt.

5. Berth No. 5, with a length of 305m and a depth alongside of 15.4m, accommodates vessels up to 90,000 dwt.

6. Berth No. 6, with a length of 210m and a depth alongside of 13.6m.

9.15 The Singapore Refining Company (1°17.6'N.,

103°43.0'E.), situated at the head of East Jurong Channel, and

the N side of Jurong Island, has a T-headed pier extending

about 0.3 mile N.

9.15 Power Seraya Pier (1°17.1'N., 103°43.5'E.), a T-headed oil

pier, extends about 0.2 mile NE, from the NE side of the island.

The controlling depth in the approach is 12.8m. Oil Tanking

Limited Pier (1°16.8'N., 103°44.1'E.) lies close SE of the

power company pier. Seraya Chemical Pier (1°16.2'N.,

103°44.1'E.) is situated on the SE side of the easternmost point

of Jurong Island. Berthing information is given in the

accompanying table.

9.16 Sakra Basin (1°16'N., 103°43'E.), has been

established on the S coast of the island; berthing facilities are

described below:

1. Berth No. 1 has a depth alongside of 2.5m and is used

by barges. 

2. Berth No. 2, with an alongside depth of 9.5m, can accommodate vessels up to 165m long.

3. Berth No. 3, used by tankers, has an alongside depth

of 8.6m and can accommodate vessels up to 130m long. 

4. Berth No. 4 and Berth No. 5 are used by tankers. They

each have a depth alongside of 11.8m and can accommodate

vessels up to 140m long.

9.16 PSA Marine PTE Ltd and Exxon/Mobil Asia Pacific PTE

Ltd each operate VLCC berths located on the S coast of Jurong

Island at the edge of the recent land reclamation; each berth is

445m in length. VLCC Berth 1 (PSA) has an alongside depth

of 24.5m. VLCC Berth 2 (Exxon/Mobil) has an alongside

depth of 23.5m.

9.16 Vopak Terminal (Sakra) (1°16'N., 103°43'E.), a T-headed

chemical pier, has three berths available with a maximum

depth of 13m alongside. It can handle vessels up to 218m in

length. 

Selat Sinki

9.17 Selat Sinki (1°15'N., 103°44'E.) is the deep channel

Singapore Refining Company—Berthing 

Limitations (2004)

Berth Length of 

berth

Depth 

alongside

Controlling 

depth in 

approaches

1 290m 15.7m -

2 290m 15.4m -

3 160m 10.7m 9.8m

4 50m 8.8m -

5 115m 10.9m 7.3m

6 110m 11.4m -

7 228m 12.4m -

Berthing Facilities (2004)

Berth Length Depth Remarks

Power Seraya Pier

1 260m 14.8m Maximum vessel length of 

250m

2 200m 12.6m Maximum vessel length of 

250m

Oil Tanking Limited Pier

MJ1 140m 15.2m E side Jurong Island

MJ2 384m 15.5m

MJ3 124m 13.7m

MJ4 312m 14.6m

MJ5 140m 12.8m

MJ6 180m 12.4m

11 235m 14.4m SE side Jurong Island

12 226m 13.4m SE side Jurong Island

Seraya Chemical Pier

1 171m 15.1m Maximum vessel length of 

162m

2 220m 15.7m Maximum vessel length of 

216m

Sempec Terminal

1 13.6m WSW of Van Ommeran 

Terminal; has a T-head pier.

Oil Tanking Limited Home Page

http://www.oiltanking.com/singapore.htm

Berthing Facilities (2004)

Berth Length Depth Remarks
128 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

by which Keppel Harbor (1°16'N., 103°51'E.) is approached

from the Strait of Malacca; it is bounded on either side by islands and reefs.

9.17 Between Sultan Shoal and Cryene Reef, the channel is about

7 miles long, at its E and narrowest part, it is about 0.5 mile

wide, with irregular depths of 12.8 to 29.3m. 

9.17 Vessels going both to and from Europe now use Selat Sinki

as the direct route. The channel is available at all times, but

night navigation requires local knowledge. 

9.17 The maximum velocity of the current is 3 knots; the flood

current sets W and the ebb current sets E. 

9.17 Pilotage is compulsory; see paragraph 9.2 for further information. 

9.17 Sultan Shoal (1°14'N., 103°39'E.), circular and about 0.7

mile in diameter, lies on the N side of the W entrance to Selat

Sinki; a short pier extends NE from the lighthouse that stands

on the shoal. Close W of the shoal are depths of 5.5 to 7.3m,

but the E side of the shoal is steep-to. 

9.17 A light, which is equipped with a racon, is shown from a

tower rising from a small dwelling. A wreck, with a depth of

9.3m, lies about 0.3 mile SE of Sultan Shoal. 

9.17 The N shore of Selat Sinki is formed by Jurong Island. 

9.17 Terumbu Serebut (1°15'N., 103°42'E.), a drying reef, lies

about 0.6 mile S of the S side of Jurong Island. The S side of

the reef is marked by a lighted beacon. 

9.17 Cyrene Reefs (1°15'30"N., 103°45'00"E.) lie 0.9 miles SE

of Jurong Island. The reefs are about 1 mile in extent, consisting of four patches partly drying at LW, with deep water

around them. Shoal depths within and in the vicinity of the reef

may best be seen on the chart.

9.17 Esso/Mobil SBM(1°14'N., 103°41'E.), a spherical lighted

buoy, 12m in diameter, is connected to the SW side of Jurong

Island by a pipeline extending about 3.2 miles SSW from the

island. The controlling depth in the approach is 21m. Vessels

up to 285,000 dwt can be accommodated. The mooring has a

457m swing radius.

9.17 PSA SPM (1°13'N., 103°40'E.) lies about 2 miles SW of Esso/Mobil SBM. The controlling depth in the approach is

22.8m. Vessels up to 320,000 dwt can be accommodated. 

9.17 Mariners are advised to give a wide berth when passing this

area at slow speed consistent with safe navigation.

9.17 Directions.—Raffles Light, standing on Pulau Satumu, both

of which are described in paragraph 9.21, bearing 248°, leads S

of all dangers off the N shore of Singapore Main Strait situated

E of Raffles Light.

9.17 Raffles Light bearing 101° leads in the best water W of the

light, between the 8.5m and 10.5m patches on either side.

9.17 Caution.—The narrowest part of Singapore Main Strait is S

of Raffles Light, where it is 1 mile wide. Vessels with a draft of

up to about 19.8m can navigate in this area.

9.18 Pulau Salu (1°13'00"N., 103°42'30"E.), a small islet

on a reef about 0.5 mile in extent, forms the SW side of the W

entrance, and is steep-to. 

9.18 Pulau Busing (1°14'N., 103°45'E.), about 10.4m high, lies

nearly 2.5 miles NE of Pulau Salu; it is a small islet covered

with mangroves and surrounded by a reef. The oil piers on the

N side of the island(P.B. Tankers Limited), consists of five

berths, with depths of 12.5 to 17.0m alongside, that can accommodate a vessel up to 360m long. 

9.18 Drying reefs lie up to about 0.1 mile NW and about 0.2 mile

WSW of the island.

9.18 Pulau Hantu (1°13'30"N., 103°45'03"E.), 19m high, lies

about 0.5 mile SSE of Pulau Busing. Drying reefs extend up to

1.8 miles WNW of the island.

9.19 Pulau Bukom (Bukum) (1°14'N., 103°46'E.) (World

Port Index No. 50010) bounds the S side of the E entrance to

Selat Singkeh; its N extremity, which borders the channel, lies

about 1 mile ENE of Pulau Busing. The island, about 1.2 miles

long, is 40m high near its S end and fringed by a reef.

9.19 Tides—Currents.—During the E current in Selat Sinki, an

eddy forms along the NE side of Pulau Bukom. The inshore

current sets NE for most of the time, and sets SE only from 1

hour after the main current in Selat Sinki turns E until about the

time of maximum E current. Tidal ranges are 2.4m at springs

and 1m at neaps.

Sakru Basin—Vopak Terminal

Pulau Bukom—Berthing Limitations 

Berth

Maximum 

vessel

length

Depth 

alongside Vessel size

1 E 135m 10.8m (2005) 33,000 dwt

2 150m 9.8m (2005) 33,000 dwt

3 170m 11.3m (2005) 33,000 dwt

4 170m 11.8m (2005) 43,000 dwt

5 170m 12.9m (2005) 45,000 dwt

6 245m 15.6m (2005) 135,000 dwt

7 200m 13.5m (2005) 65,000 dwt

8 240m 16.2m (2005) 84,000 dwt

9 170m 13.0m (2005) 33,000 dwt

10 245m 15.8m (2005) 84.000 dwt

10A Ferries/tugs 3.9m (2005) —
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 129

Pub. 174

9.19 Depths—Limitations.—The NE side of the island is almost

entirely fronted by deep water oil berths. Berthing information

for the Shell Refinery is given in the accompanying table.

9.19 The berths are easy to approach at slack water, but currents

are often experienced at other times and care is necessary when

berthing. 

9.19 Aspect.—A water tower stands about 0.5 mile NW of the SE

end of the island. Range lights stand on the NW end of the island.

9.19 A conspicuous house, with a cupola and a red roof, stands on

the SE peak of the island. A conspicuous flare stands close S of

Berth No. 7. A prominent 83m high chimney stands near the

center of the island. A number of conspicuous tanks stand on

the N part of the island.

9.19 Drying rocks and reefs, best seen on the chart, lie NE of the

berths. Drying rocks and reefs also lie from 0.2 mile SE to 0.2

mile SSW of the SE point of Pulau Bukom.

9.19 Regulations.—A restricted area encircles Pulau Bukom, Pulau Bukom Kechil, Pulau Ular and Pulau Busing. All vessels

are restricted and prohibited from entering, anchoring, mooring, transiting or being in the area for any other purposes unless specific approval had been obtained from the Port Master.

In granting approval the Port Master may impose further time

or location specific restrictions and conditions. 

9.19 Caution.—Heavy cross traffic may be encountered NE of

Pulau Bukom, at the intersection of Selat Sinki, Jong Fairway,

and West Keppel Fairway.

9.20 Pulau Ular (1°13'04"N., 103°45'27"E.) and Pulau

Bukom Kechil (1°13'45"N., 103°46'00"E.) lie between Pulau

Bukom and Pulau Busing to the W, but are of no importance to

navigation.

9.20 A group of islands, described below, lies to the S of Selat

Sinki; those bordering the strait have been described with it. 

9.20 They are separated by deep water, but so encumbered with

reefs as to render them unavailable for anything but small craft.

9.20 Pulau Sudong (1°12'24"N., 103°43'48"E.), with a treetop

height of about 32m, lies about 2 miles ESE of Pulau Salu, on

the E end of an extensive drying reef. 

9.20 A wreck, with a depth of 1.1m and marked by a buoy, lies

about 0.6 mile N of the E end of the island. A drying reef,

marked at its W end by a buoy, lies 0.3 mile SE of the wreck. 

9.20 Monggok Gerita, a rock with 1.8m and marked by a lighted

beacon, lies about 0.5 mile NW of the wreck.

9.20 Caution.—A military maneuver area is situated in the W

part of Selat Pauh, close NNE of Pulau Sudong. The area is

closed to vessel traffic during military maneuvers.

9.20 A mooring buoy, best seen on the chart, has been inserted in

Pauh Strait.

9.21 Pulau Pawai (1°11'18"N., 103°43'36"E.), 0.8 mile in

extent and fringed by reefs, lies about 1 mile S of Pulau Sudong. The summit is conspicuous, being bare, except for a clump

of trees, the tops of which are about 62m high on the W side of

the islet. 

9.21 Several detached reefs lie in the channels around the islet,

the largest being a drying reef midway between Pulau Sudong

and Pulau Pawai.

9.21 Pulau Senang (1°10'18"N., 103°44'18"E.), about 0.5 mile

SE of Pulau Pawai, is about 1 mile in extent, 48m high at its S

extremity, and covered with trees. A 6.4m shoal lies about 0.4

mile WNW of the W end of the islet.

9.21 Pulau Biola (1°09'54"N., 103°44'37"E.) lies about 0.2 mile

SE of the SE end of Pulau Senang and is fringed by a reef extending as much as 0.2 mile to the NE. It is about 137m long in

a general N to S direction and about 21m high.

9.21 Pulau Satumu (1°09'36"N., 103°44'33"E.) is the S islet of

the group and borders Singapore Main Strait; it lies about 0.2

mile SSW of Pulau Biola. There is a small pier for the use of

the lighthouse staff on its E side.

9.21 Raffles Light is shown from a lighthouse on Pulau Satumu;

prominent clumps of trees cover the island, but the lighthouse

is visible above the trees.

9.21 Regulations.—A restricted area, 300m in radius centered on

Raffles Light, encircles Pulau Satuma. All vessels are prohibited from entering, anchoring, mooring, transiting, or being in

the area unless specific written approval had been obtained

from the Port Master. In granting approval, the Port Master

may impose further time or location specific restrictions and

conditions. 

9.21 Caution.—A steep-to reef, with a sunken rock close off its S

end, extends about 183m offshore from the lighthouse.

9.22 Pulau Semakau (1°12'30"N., 103°45'45"E.), 27m

high to the tops of the trees and about 1 mile in extent, lies near

the center of the islands. 

9.22 The island is separated from the adjacent islands by narrow

channels of deep water, encumbered with shoals. The vegetation is mangroves and coconut palms. A village, which is the

best landing place, is on the SW point of the island. 

9.22 Other houses stand on the W shore of the island. The SE extremity of the island is marked by a lighted beacon.

9.22 Pulau Semankau is surrounded by drying reefs. Three drying

reefs, each marked by a lighted beacon, lie 0.5 mile SE, about

0.7 mile S, and about 0.6 mile SSW of the SE point of the island. Other drying reefs and submerged dangers lying N of a

line joining Pulau Biola and Pulau Sebarok can best be seen on

the chart.

9.22 Pulau Sakeng (1°12'30"N., 103°46'42"E.), 32m high to the

tops of the trees, lies between Pulau Semakau and Pulau Sebarok to the E and is surrounded by reefs. The island is almost

completely surrounded by mangroves and covered with jungle.

The land generally is very low. There are a+ few coconut palms

close to the N end of the island.

9.22 Shell SBM (1°11'N., 103°47'E.) lies about 1.2 miles SE of

Pulau Sakeng. A submarine pipeline extends to Pulau Bukom

Kechil. The SBM, which has a controlling depth of 23m, can

accommodate tankers up to 350,000 dwt.

10B 60m 5.6m (2005) —

10C 90m 5.9m (2005) —

11 100m 5.7m (2005) —

12 110m 13.2m (2005) —

Pulau Bukom—Berthing Limitations 

Berth

Maximum 

vessel

length

Depth 

alongside Vessel size
130 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.23 Pulau Sebarok (1°12'24"N., 103°47'45"E.), the easternmost island of the group, is about 0.4 mile long and about

17m high. 

9.23 The island is fringed by a reef which extends about 0.3 mile

from its SE extremity; fish stakes stand on the SE edge of the

reef. An obstruction, with 17.8m, lies about 0.5 mile SE of the

SE end of the island. A detached reef about 0.2 mile long and

drying in places lies parallel to the SE side of Pulau Sebarok

and 0.1 mile offshore.

9.23 Tides—Currents.—The tidal current off Pulau Sebarok sets

NW and SE, with a maximum velocity of 2.5 knots at springs.

9.23 Depths—Limitations.—The Singapore Petroleum Terminal

includes Piers 1A-1C. Pier 1A is the longest, with a length of

357m and a depth alongside of 17.1m. Pier 1C is the deepest,

with a depth of 17.5m alongside and a length of 108m. 

9.23 Vopak Terminals (1°12.3'N., 103°47.8'E.), an oil facility on

the NE side of Pulau Sebarok, has five piers. Vessels are berthed during daylight hours only. Berthing limitations are, as

follows:

1. Pier No. 3 has a depth of 16.9m alongside and can accommodate vessels with a maximum length of 370m.

2. Pier No. 4 has a depth of 12.9m alongside and can accommodate vessels with a maximum length of 250m.

3. Pier No. 5 has a depth of 17.6m alongside and can accommodate vessels with a maximum length of 280m.

4. Pier No. 6 has a depth of 10.3m alongside and can accommodate vessels with a maximum length of 116m.

5. Pier No. 7 has a depth of 10.1m alongside and can accommodate vessels with a maximum length of 110m. 

9.23 Pulau Sebarok Slop Reception Center (Pulau Sebarok

SRC) (1°12.5'N., 103°47.7'E.) is a concrete pier situated off the

NE side of Pulau Sebarok; from its head arms extend NW and

SE to form three dolphin berths. Pier 1, with a controlling

depth of 12.8m, can accommodate vessels up to 65,000 dwt,

with a maximum length of 174m. Pier 2, with a controlling

depth of 11.7m, can accommodate vessels up to 26,000 dwt,

with a maximum length of 264m. The barge pier has a controlling depth of 5.2m and a length of 72m. 

9.23 These berths are used for tank cleaning and the admission of

slops from oil tankers; no other facilities are available. Ships

are berthed during daylight hours only.

9.23 Pulau Jong, about 23m high to the tops of the trees, lies about

0.5 mile NW of Pulau Sebarok. A reef, marked at its SE extend

by a lighted beacon, extends about 0.4 mile SE from the island.

9.23 Construction of two new tanker jetties SW of Pulau Sebarok

began in 2005.

9.23 The Sisters (1°13'N., 103°50'E.), lying about 2.2 miles ENE

of Pulau Sebarok, is composed of Pulau Subar Darat, the N island, and Pulau Subar Laut, the S island. The islands are surrounded by reefs to a distance of about 183m; close to the

edges are irregular depths of 9.1 to 16.5m.

9.23 Pulau Subar Darat, about 27m high to the tops of the trees, is

steep-to, cliffy, and covered with rock and small jungle; Pulau

Subar Laut is about 21m high to the tops of the trees. 

9.23 The channel between The Sisters and the islands to the E is

deep and free of known dangers. Mariners are warned of frequent ferry crossings in the approaches to Sisters Fairway. 

9.23 The use of this channel is not recommended during the flood

current and should never be used by low-powered vessels.

9.23 A shoal area, with depths under 18.3m, extends about 1.7

miles W of The Sisters; on the S edge is a shoal nearly 1 mile

long with a least depth of 3m charted in several places. A shoal,

with a depth of 10.7m, lies about 1 mile SE of Pulau Subar Laut.

9.24 Terumbu Selegi (1°13'36"N., 103°49'36"E.), a coral

reef which dries 0.6m, and is about 183m in extent, lies about

0.7 mile NW of Pulau Subar Darat. 

9.24 Depths of 5.5 to 11m lie within about 0.1 mile N and SE of

the reef. A light stands on the E side of the reef.

9.24 Selat Pauh (1°13'N., 103°44'E.), an anchorage, is situated N

of Pulau Sudong. Within the anchorage are several dangers

best observed on the chart.

9.24 Regulations.—A Traffic Separation Scheme has been established by the local authorities for Sinki Fairway, which leads

through Selat Sinki, and may best be seen on the chart. 

9.24 Vessels should take note that a Precautionary Area encompasses almost the entire S lane of the scheme. 

9.24 The regulations governing traffic within the scheme are, as

follows:

1. All vessels intending to proceed W to Sultan Shoal area via Sinki Fairway shall as far as practicable, join the outward lane which commences at the E extremity of Selat

Pandan.

2. Vessels when using the Precautionary Area are to navigate with caution as there may be vessels berthing or unberthing at Pulau Busing Terminal or deep draft vessels

navigating against the recommended direction of traffic flow.

3. Deep draft vessels proceeding W and unable to proceed via the outward lane (Selat Pandan) due to insufficient

depth of water may proceed via the Precautionary Area. 

In addition, such vessels should inform Jurong Control on

VHF channel 22 of their intention before entering the Precautionary Area or immediately before unberthing from the

Esso SBM as the case may be. This information would be

conveyed to other vessels using the Sinki Fairway.

4. Vessels navigating in the Sinki Fairway are advised to

establish communications with Jurong Control and report

their intended movements so that other users of the fairway

may be kept informed. They are also advised to navigate

with caution and avoid impeding the safe passage of a deep

Pulau Sebarok—Vopak Terminal
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 131

Pub. 174

draft vessel in the Sinki Fairway.

9.24 Selat Sinki is available for all classes of vessels.

9.24 Danger bearings on Raffles Light (1°09'36"N., 103°44'33"E.)

are useful in avoiding dangers when approaching Selat Sinki

from W.

9.24 Pulau Jong (1°12'54"N., 103°47'18"E.), bearing 304° and

open well NE of Pulau Sebarok, leads NE of the small detached reef lying about 0.6 mile SE of Pulau Sebarok, and SW

of the 13.5m shoal lying about 0.4 mile NE of the reef.

9.24 Vessels are warned not to anchor in the vicinity of the cable

area in Selat Sinki, which extends about 12 miles E from a position about 3 miles W of Sultan Shoal Light (1°14'23"N.,

103°38'59"E.).

9.24 The boundaries of the prohibited anchorage areas in the vicinity of Singapore are charted.

9.24 Signals.—When vessels are going against the recommended

direction of traffic flow, they are to display the following signals: 

1. By day—A black cylinder as prescribed in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

2. By night—Three red lights in a vertical line as prescribed in the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea.

9.24 Traffic signals are occasionally displayed from a steel framework tower, 36m high, standing 91m N of Raffles Light

(1°10'N., 103°45'E.). The signals are intended to warn vessels

that a VLCC is crossing Singapore Main Strait bound for Shell

SBM, situated about 4 miles NE of Raffles Light. 

9.24 The VLCC may approach either through West Raffles Fairway or through Phillip Channel.

9.24 The day signal is a black cone point up over a black cylinder.

The night signal is a white isophase light shown in the shape of

an X.

9.24 Vessels should keep a good lookout for these signals and

should avoid impeding the passage of a VLCC by reducing

speed or stopping if necessary and should in no circumstances

cross ahead of such a vessel.

9.24 Caution.—In order to avoid damage to vessels berthed at

Pulau Bukom vessels passing N of that island must not exceed

a speed of 8 knots in Selat Singkeh between the E extremity of

Cyrene Reefs (1°15'30"N., 103°45'00"E.) and the entrance to

Keppel Harbor.

9.24 Mariners are warned to keep outside of the shoal area that

extends about 1.7 miles W of The Sisters (1°13'N., 103°50'E.)

because depths of 4.6 to 11m lie along the 20m curve between

position 1°13'05"N, 103°48'15"E, and position 1°12'45"N,

103°49'35"E. 

Singapore Road

9.25 Singapore Road (1°16'N., 103°53'E.), lying E of

Keppel Harbor, is approached between Pulau Sakijang Bendera (1°13'N., 103°51'E.) and Tanjong Katong (1°17'36"N.,

103°53'38"E.), about 5 miles NE. 

9.25 At the head of the bay is the town and river of Singapore,

with the Gelang River, within Tanjong Rhu (1°17'39"N.,

103°52'09"E.), to the E.

9.25 Malay Point and Malay Spit (1°16'10"N., 103°51'07"E.),

located N of Tanjong Pagar (1°15'45"N., 103°50'48"E.), are

mostly absorbed by the reclamation of the land on which there

is a container and ro-ro terminal.

9.25 Heavy squalls during the Southwest Monsoon occasionally

impede cargo operations in Singapore Road.

9.25 Telok Ayer (1°16'30"N., 103°51'09"E.) used mainly by

small craft, lying with its S end about 0.7 mile NNE of Tanjong

Pagar. The basin is protected from E winds by a large land reclamation to the E. Telok Ayer basin is used by small craft.

9.25 Tanjong Rhu (1°17'39"N., 103°52'09"E.) is the W end of a

peninsula. The peninsula, about 1 mile long together with Tanjong Katong (1°17'36"N., 103°53'38"E.), forms the N shore of

Singapore Road; it is separated from the W shore of the bay by

a channel about 0.2 mile wide.

9.25 Reclamation has been carried out along the coast E of Tanjong Rhu. Shoals with depths of less than 5m extend over 0.5

mile S of the reclaimed area, between Tanjong Rhu and Tanjong Katong.

9.25 Depths—Limitations.—The depths in Singapore Road are

only from 3.7 to 7m for over 1 mile seaward of the river and

from about 0.2 to 0.7 mile seaward of the reclaimed areas. 

9.25 Southwest, S, and SE of Tanjong Katong, and within the

10m curve, are several detached depths of 0.9 to 5.8m. 

9.25 Seaward of the 10m curve and within Outer Shoal (1°15'N.,

103°52'E.) there are depths of 11 to 22m, mud and sand bottom, from 1.3 to 2 miles SE of the town and river of Singapore,

available for all classes of vessels. 

9.25 The water shoals somewhat abruptly within the 10m curve in

most places, as will be seen on the chart requiring caution in

vessels of deep draft when selecting an anchorage.

9.26 Outer Shoal (1°15'N., 103°52'E.), the SW end of

which lies about 1.2 miles SSE of the S end of the land reclamation project above, is, within the 10m curve, about 2.2 miles

long NE and SW, and from about 0.5 to 1 mile wide. A least

depth of about 5.7m is reported to lie on the SW end of the

shoal. 

9.26 Obstructions, with a least charted depth of 4.6m and marked

by a light, also lie on the SW end of the shoal. Less water than

charted was reported on Outer Shoal.

9.26 A shoal, with depths of 9.4 to 10m, lies between the SW end

of Outer Shoal and the reef extending NE from Pulau Seringat

(1°13'42"N., 103°51'09"E.).

9.26 A tall lattice radio mast, about 79m in elevation, stands on

Fort Canning, about 1.7 miles N of Tanjong Pagar

(1°15'45"N., 103°50'48"E.). Close NE there is a disused lighthouse, a white iron tower, about 66m high.

9.26 Close SW of Telok Ayer (1°16'30"N., 103°51'09"E.) is the

Singapore Polytechnic, surrounded by a lattice radio mast, and

near the N end is the Asia Insurance Building, 77m high and

prominent.

9.26 Katong Lighted Beacon stands about 1 mile E of Tanjong

Rhu (1°17'39"N., 103°52'09"E.). A light is shown at Bedok, a

little over 4 miles ENE of Tanjong Rhu.

9.26 Considerable reclamation work has been carried out along

the coast E of Tanjong Rhu. Shoals, with depths of less than

5.5m, extend more than 0.5 mile S from the reclaimed area, between Tanjong Rhu and a position about 2.2 miles E.

9.26 Signals.—The following signals should be made, when necessary, by vessels lying in the Inner Harbor or Outer Road:

1. When in need of customs, use Flag “C” of the International Code of Signals when requiring clearance, or a green
132 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

light above a red light at night.

2. When in need of police assistance use Flags “CB3” of

the International Code of Signals, or two red lights above a

white light, vertically disposed at night, when requiring immediate police assistance; at the same time a ship should

sound three long blasts on the siren, repeated at intervals of

one minute.

3. For fresh water needs, use Flags “CDZero” of the International Code of Signals, or a green light above a white

light at night.

9.26 Fullerton Signal Station (1°17'10"N., 103°51'16"E.) maintains constant visual watch, but can accept day signals only. It

can receive signals at night, but can not reply. It does not repeat

traffic or berthing signals for Keppel Harbor. Local signal

codes may be obtained from the Director of Marine’s office,

near the mouth of the Singapore River.

9.26 Moored dredges will display, by day, a black ball at the masthead and a similar ball at the yardarm on the side on which it is

safe to pass. A red, flag will be displayed on the side on which

it is dangerous to pass. At night, white lights will be displayed

in place of the black balls, and a red light in place of the red

flag.

9.26 Anchorage.—Within the Singapore Port Limits, no vessel

shall, except in an emergency, anchor in an area outside its appropriate designated anchorage.

9.26 The following special purpose anchorages are situated W

and SW of Singapore:

1. Western Anchorage—General purpose. For general

purposes such as receiving stores, water, bunkers, or awaiting a berth. Depths range from 13 to 34m. A wreck with a

depth of 25m lies in the SE part close to the E boundary.

2. Western Petroleum Anchorage A—For vessels of

10,000 gross tons or less loaded with petroleum and non gasfree vessels. Depths range from 15 to 33m.

3. Western Petroleum Anchorage B—For vessels of over

10,000 gross tons loaded with petroleum and non gas-free

vessels. Depths range from 14 to 22m. A wreck with a depth

of 19.4m lies close to the SE boundary. Tankers exceeding

50,000 gross tons shall use Eastern Petroleum Anchorage A.

4. Western Quarantine and Immigration Anchorage—

For vessels seeking quarantine and immigration clearance.

Depths range from 10 to 32m.

5. Pasir Panjang Holding Anchorage—For vessels as directed by the Port Master. Depths range from 13 to 22m.

6. Selat Pauh Anchorage—For vessels under arrest, laidup vessels, and other vessels with permission of the Port

Master. Depths range from 10 to 26m.

7. Raffles Reserved Anchorage—For LASH vessel operations, damaged vessels, vessels requiring emergency repairs, or as directed by the Port Master. Depths range from

10 to 23m.

8. Tuas Petroleum Holding Anchorage—For tankers

waiting to service vessels at anchorages in the Jurong Sector,

waiting for berthing facilities in the West Jurong Fairway

and Pesek Basin, or as directed by the Port Master. Depths

range from 12 to 22m.

9. West Jurong Anchorage—For vessels awaiting a

berth, vessels under repair, special vessels, or for immigration and quarantine clearance. Depths range from 6 to 25m.

10. LPG/LNG/Chemical Gas Carriers Anchorage—For

non gas-free LPG, LNG, and chemical carriers. Depths

range from 10 to 23m. A wreck with a depth of 10.7m lies

near the E limit.

11. Very Large Crude Carrier Anchorage—Temporary

anchorage for loaded VLCCs. Depths range from 23 to 32m.

12. Sudong Holding Anchorage—Temporary holding anchorage used with prior permission of the Port Master. The

depth is 23m. A wreck, least known depth 21m, was reported

(2003) in the vicinity of Sudong Holding Anchorage and can

be best seen on the chart.

13. Sudong Special Purposes Anchorage—Temporary

holding anchorage for VLCCs over 75,000 grt requiring immigration clearance or with prior permission of the Port

Master. Depths range from 22 to 23m.

14. Sudong Explosive Anchorage—Replaces the Tuas

Explosive Anchorage and the Tuas Explosive Lighter Anchorage. This anchorage is used for vessels and small craft

loading or discharging explosives and Group 1 dangerous

goods or vessels in transit with such cargo on board. Depths

range from 19 to 41m. The maximum height of vessels permitted at this anchorage is 47m.

15. Sudong Bunkering Anchorages A and B—Located at

the fringe of the port limit in the W sector of the port, these

areas have been allocated for bunkering activities. They can

accommodate one vessel at a time and complement the bunkering anchorages located in the E sector of the port.

Pilotage exemption may be granted for vessels (excluding

LNG, LPG, and chemical tankers) over 20,000 gross tons

with arrival drafts of less than 11.5m when using Sudong

Bunkering Anchorages A and B. Masters not familiar with

the waters in these areas are advised to engage the services

of a pilot.

9.26 The following special purpose anchorages are situated SE of

Singapore:

1. Changi General Purpose Anchorage—For vessels

over 20,000 grt wishing to remain in port for not more than 8

hours for the purpose of exchanging crew or loading ship’s

stores, under the special anchorage scheme, upon prior permission of the Port Master. Depths range from 13 to 23m.

2. Changi Holding Anchorage—For vessels over 20,000

grt wishing to remain in port for not more than 8 hours for

the purpose of exchanging crew or loading ship’s stores, under the special anchorage scheme, upon prior permission of

the Port Master. Depths range from 18 to 20m.

3. Eastern Special Purposes Anchorage C—For vessels

over 20,000 grt other than LPG/LNG vessels, oil rigs, and

drill ships, for the purpose of taking on bunkers, under the

special anchorage scheme, upon prior permission of the Port

Master. Depths range from 25to 51m. 

4. Eastern Special Purposes Anchorage D—Is centered

on 1°17.9'N, 104°59.5'E. For vessels under arrest, damaged

or requiring repairs, or upon prior permission of the Port

Master. Depths range from 19 to 35m.

5. Changi Special Purposes Anchorage—For vessels

over 20,000 grt other than LPG/LNG vessels, oil rigs, and

drill ships, for the purpose of taking on bunkers under the

special anchorage scheme and upon prior permission of the

Port Master. Depths range from 17 to 32m.

6. Eastern Special Purposes Anchorage B—For vessels

under arrest, damaged vessels or vessels requiring repair, and
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 133

Pub. 174

other vessels, under the special anchorage scheme, upon prior permission of the Port Master. Depths range from 11 to

27m.

7. Eastern Petroleum Anchorage B—For non gas-free

vessels and vessels loaded with petroleum. Depths range

from 16 to 31m.

8. Eastern Special Purposes Anchorage A—For vessels

under arrest, damaged vessels, deep draft vessels, vessels requiring repairs, and other vessels, upon prior permission of

the Port Master. Depths range from 24 to 38m.

9. Laid-up Vessels Anchorage—For vessels laid-up in

port. Depths range from 16 to 30m.

10. Small Craft Anchorage—For harbor tugs, pontoons,

barges, and other small craft, including fishing vessels.

Depths range from 15 to 22m. A wreck with a depth of

19.2m lies SE of the center of the anchorage.

11. Man-of-War Anchorage—For visiting warships. Permission from Changi Port Control is required to anchor in

this area. Depths range from 6 to 9m.

12. Eastern Explosives Lightering Anchorage—For small

craft loaded with explosives. A wreck with a depth of 7.3m

lies in the W part.

13. Eastern Anchorage—General purpose. Depths range

from 5 to 24m. Charted wrecks and fouls are best seen on the

chart.

14. Eastern Petroleum Anchorage A—For non gas-free

vessels and vessels loaded with petroleum. Depths range

from 21 to 56m. A wreck with a depth of 31m lies in the center of the anchorage.

15. Eastern Holding Anchorage A—For waiting vessels

or as directed by the Port Master. Depths range from 34 to

53m. A wreck, marked by a lighted buoy on its N side, lies in

the middle of the anchorage. A wreck with a depth of 42m

over it lies on the SE boundary. 

16. Eastern Holding Anchorage B—For vessels as directed by the Port Master. Depths range from 19 to 41m.

17. Eastern Holding Anchorage C—For tankers waiting

to service vessels in Keppel Harbor. The depth is 5m.

18. Changi Barge Temporary Holding Anchorage—For

barges loaded with sand/granite for discharge and proceeding to an approved aggregate terminal. Depths range from 13

to 23m. A dangerous wreck, with a depth of 9.7m over it, lies

in the SE corner of the anchorage area and can best be seen

on the chart.

9.26 Certain anchorage areas in the eastern sector qualify as special anchorage schemes for bunkering, storing, and crew

changes. The maximum stay in these anchorages is 24 hours

for bunkering or 8 hours for storing and crew changes. The

schemes are only applicable to vessels over 20,000 grt and do

not apply to LPG and LNG vessels. Vessels proceeding to the

designated anchorages are exempt from compulsory pilotage.

Anchorages will be designated by the VTIS.

9.26 Anchoring is prohibited within the area of the submarine cables that are laid SE from a position about 2 miles E of Tanjong

Rhu.

9.26 Vessels over 15m high are not permitted to enter, transit, or

anchor in the area S and SE of Changi International Airport

and on the W side of Kuala Johor. This area includes Eastern

Special Purposes Anchorages B and D. This height restricted

area is bounded, as follows:

a. 1°23.34'N, 103°59.94'E.

b. 1°23.29'N, 104°00.29'E.

c. 1°21.09'N, 104°03.01'E.

d. 1°17.64'N, 104°01.09'E.

e. 1°17.49'N, 103°58.97'E.

f. 1°18.42'N, 103°56.33'E.

9.26 No vessel whose height, measured vertically from the waterline of the vessel to the highest point of the vessel, including its

cargo, structure, or equipment on board, exceeds 49m shall enter, transit, or anchor in the height restricted area in the Eastern

Special Purposes Anchorage A, Eastern Petroleum Anchorage

B, or Eastern Special Purposes Anchorage C. This height restricted area is bounded, as follows:

a. 1°18.29'N, 103°56.51'E.

b. 1°18.29'N, 103°56.70'E.

c. 1°17.49'N, 103°58.97'E.

d. 1°17.64'N, 104°01.09'E.

e. 1°17.15'N, 104°01.66'E.

f. 1°16.62'N, 103°58.97'E.

g. 1°16.62'N, 103°56.51'E.

9.26 Directions.—The lattice radio mast that is on Fort Canning,

bearing 345°, leads over the W part of the shoal lying between

Outer Shoal and Pulau Renget, but W of Outer Shoal. 

9.26 The greater and shallowest part of this shoal, and the SW

part of Outer Shoal, are covered by the fixed red sector of Tanjong Pagar Light. The whole of Fort Canning radio mast, bearing about 298° and open NE of Superior Court Dome

(1°17'22"N., 103°51'10"E.), leads NE of Outer Shoal.

9.26 Caution.—It was reported that less water exists over Outer

Shoal than charted.

9.26 Numerous dangerous wrecks, some of a shifting nature, lie

in Singapore Road. Information as to positions and markings

can best be obtained from the chart.

9.26 It is suspected that the wreck buoys are used as moorings by

native craft and their positions must therefore be considered

unreliable. Vessels should navigate with caution in this area.

9.26 Deviation from recommended tracks within harbor limits requires cognizance of and careful regard for charted dangers. 

9.27 Pulau Sakijang Bendera (St. John Island) (1°13'N.,

103°51'E.), a coral island lying about 0.7 mile E of The Sisters,

is about 30m high. Hospital buildings and fumigating sheds of

the quarantine station stand on the island. A conspicuous chimney stands about 200m W of the pier situated on the E side of

the island.

9.27 Tanjong Lokos is the SE extremity of the island; two lattice

radio masts stand about 183m N and about 0.1 mile NW, respectively, of Tanjong Lokos. A 10.7m shoal lies about 0.7

mile SSW of Tanjong Lokos.

9.27 Pulau Sakijang Pelepah (Lazarus Island) lies E of Pulau Sakijang Bendara. The islands are separated by Cooper Channel,

with a least width of 183m and a least charted depth of 15.5m.

Cooper Channel is closed to through traffic by a low bridge

joining the two islands. The summit of the island is marked by

a light; an aviation light stands close W of the summit.

9.27 Reclaimation work (2004) is joining Pulau Sakijang

Pelepah (1°13.4'N., 103°51.4'E.) with Pulau Seringat to the N. 

Pulau Tembakul (Peak Island) (1°13'N., 103°52'E.), lying E

of Pulau Sakijang Pelepah, is wooded, 33m high to the tops of

the trees, and surrounded by a reef which extends about 0.2
134 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

mile from its NW extremity and about 0.1 mile from its S extremity. A small village, with a temple on a rock close W of it,

stands on the NW end of the island. A white stone obelisk

stands near the SE end of the island.

9.27 Pulau Renget Kechil, a small islet, lies close N of Pulau Sakijang Bendera on the S side of a reef about 0.7 mile long and

about 0.2 mile wide.

9.27 Pulau Tekukor (1°13'51"N., 103°50'21"E.), a narrow island

about 0.3 mile long and 23m high, lies between Pulau Sakijang

Bendera and the S extremity of Sentosa.

9.27 An unused explosives magazine complex is situated on Pulau Tekukor. There is a concrete jetty, with a depth of 4.3m

alongside, on the SW side of the island.

Sentosa (Blakang Mati Island) (1°15'N., 103°50'E.) lies S of

the S part of Singapore Island, from which it is separated by

Keppel Harbor. The island is about 2 miles long in an ESE and

WNW direction, and its W end terminates in Tanjong Rimau,

the S point of the W entrance to Keppel Harbor. The point is

formed of cliffs and patches of shelving rock projecting from

their bases. A light is shown close NW of Tanjong Rimau.

9.27 Mount Siloso, 47m high, lies about 0.1 mile ESE of Tanjong

Rimau. A summit is covered by a clump of high fir trees.

9.28 Mount Imbiah (15°23'N., 103°49'E.), 68m high to

the tops of the trees, is 0.5 mile ESE of Tanjong Rimau. Other

small hills, covered with scrub and small trees, are in the vicinity.

9.28 Terembu Palawan (1°15'N., 103°49'E.) is an approximately

0.1 mile long steep-to drying reef lying about 183m off the

coast of Sentosa, about 0.8 mile SE of Tanjong Rimau. The

reef is marked by a light. Shoal depths, best seen on the chart,

lie close WNW and ENE of the reef.

9.28 Tanjong China (1°14'N., 103°50'E.) is the S extremity of

Sentosa. 

9.28 Mount Serapong (1°15'N., 103°50'E.), rising to a height of

83m, is about 0.6 mile to the N of Tanjong China. It is wooded

on its N side but barren on its S side; a number of buildings

stand on its summit. It is a prominent mark from the E. A conspicuous radio mast stands about 0.2 mile SE of the summit.

9.28 Drying reefs extend up to about 0.1 mile off the SW and SE

sides of Sentosa.

9.28 Berhala Spit (1°15'N., 103°50'E.) is the NE extremity of

Sentosa. Tanjong Berhala, a wooded peninsula, 23m high, to

the tops of the trees, lies about 0.2 mile W of Berhala Spit. 

9.28 Tanjong Berhala is connected to the 12m high cliffs of Sentosa by a narrow concrete causeway.

9.29 Buran Darat (1°15'N., 103°51'E.), off the E side of

Sentosa, is a coral reef, with occasional patches of sand, about

1 mile long, and 0.3 mile wide at its N end, tapering to a point

at its S end; rocky heads dry in places 1.2 and 1.5m. A shoal,

with a depth of 1.8m, lies close N of the NW end of the reef.

9.29 A disused spoiling ground extends about 183m NE from the

NE end of Buran Darat. A number of reefs, some of which dry

at LW, lie between the S end of Buran Durat and Pulau Dakijang Bendera and may best be seen on the chart.

9.29 Tides—Currents.—Tidal currents in the W approaches to

Singapore, within a line joining the W end of Selat Jurong

(1°18'N., 103°43'E.), Raffles Light (1°09.6'N., 103°44.5'E.),

Pulau Tembakul (1°13.4'N., 103°51.7'E.), and the E end of

Keppel Harbor (1°15.5'N., 103°50.5'E.) are described below.

9.29 In this area the current is mainly diurnal; that is to say, the

portion which varies with the declination of the moon and sun,

and which is slack twice only in each lunar day, runs at a greater rate than the portion which varies with the moon’s phases

and which is slack four times in each lunar day.

9.29 The current usually follows the direction of the channels,

with the flood running to the W, NW, or SW and the ebb running to the E, NE, or SE; the rate at any moment is approximately the same over the whole area, and the current turns

everywhere at approximately the same moment. 

9.29 The strength of the current may be increased off salient

points and slack water may be found, or eddies occur, on the

lee side of these; when the current is strong, overfalls and

swirls may be formed, due to inequalities of the bottom. 

9.29 In Selat Sinki (1°15'N., 103°44'E.) the W approach to Singapore, there is a confused sea during W winds when the current is running to the W.

9.29 Noticeable eddies and swirls occur between The Sisters

(1°13'N., 103°50'E.) and Pulau Sakijang Bendera (1°13'N.,

103°51'E.); a vessel at anchor in this channel, obtaining tidal

current observations, was frequently swung rapidly through an

arc of 60°, and as rapidly back again, during the strength of the

current.

9.29 There are also eddies and swirls between Pulau Sakijang

Bendera and Pulau Tekukor (1°13'51"N., 103°50'21"E.) and

between Pulau Tekukor and Sentosa (1°15'N., 103°50'E.).

9.29 The E current is not strong N of Pulau Sakijang Pelepah

(1°13'N., 103°51'E.) and Pulau Tembakul where there may be

eddies during the strength of this current.

9.29 In Selat Sinki (Keppel Harbor), there are swirls and eddies at

the E entrance and on the spit extending from the military pier.

9.29 In Keppel Harbor, the E current runs strongly and causes

somewhat dangerous swirls and eddies. 

9.29 There are eddies close to the telegraph company’s wharves

in Selat Chermin (1°16'N., 103°49'E.) and at both ends of the

P. and O. Company’s wharf.

9.29 It was reported that the E current sets on the oil wharf immediately E of King’s Dock and the W current causes an offset.

9.29 The W current runs with great strength between the W entrance points, where the rate may reach 4 knots. It is weak

along the Port of Singapore Authority wharves from the dry

dock as far as W wharf, but increases then toward the W entrance, and is hardly felt along the wharf at Pulau Brani

(1°15'30"N., 103°50'00"E.). There is, during this current, slack

water on the W side of Tanjong Pagar (1°15'45"N.,

103°50'48"E.); this should be remembered when approaching

the docks, for with the bow in slack water and a strong current

on the quarter, an awkward sheer might be experienced.

9.29 The average directions and rates of the tidal currents in a position about l.3 miles S of Tanjong Piai (1°16'N., 103°31'E.) at

each hour before and after HHW at Singapore are given in the

accompanying table.

9.29 The rates are increased, without material change in direction,

at springs and when the moon is in high declination; the increase may be as much as 75 per cent when the moon is in

maximum declination at springs. The rates are reduced and directions become less regular at neaps and when the moon is in

low declination; when the moon is on the Equator at neaps, the

current is weak and irregular.
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 135

Pub. 174

9.29 The currents off Tanjong Piai differ materially both in character and time from those in Singapore Main Strait (1°09'N.,

103°45'E.).

9.29 The average conditions for a strong E current is 10 hours after to 9 hours before HHW. For a strong W current, it is 8 hours

before to 2 hours before HHW.

9.29 The average conditions for a weak E current is 1 hour before

to 4 hours after HHW. For a weak W current, it is 5 hours after

to 9 hours after HHW.

9.29 Within the Singapore Main Strait, the weak W current is 10

hours after to 10 hours before HHW. For the strong W current,

it is 9 hours before to 2 hours before HHW. For the strong E

current, it is 1 hour before to 7 hours after HHW and for the

weak E current, it is 8 hours after to 9 hours after HHW. 

9.29 Caution is therefore required in navigating the W approach

to Singapore Main Strait, for a comparatively small change in

position may cause a great change in the direction and rate of

the currents.

9.29 It should be noted that, as the current in Singapore Main

Strait is mainly diurnal, average conditions occur only when

the moon is in average declination 3 or 4 days after springs and

neaps; at all other times conditions may differ widely from the

average. 

9.29 Off Tanjong Piai the current, being mainly semidiurnal, is

more constant.

9.29 Directions.—In proceeding E through the W part of Singapore Strait, from a mid-channel position between KarimunKecil (1°09'N., 103°24'E.) and Tanjong Piai (1°16'N.,

103°31'E.), where there are depths of about 35m, no directions

are necessary for a vessel beyond keeping in the fairway other

than observing that Raffles Light (1°09'36"N., 103°44'33"E.),

bearing 101°, midway between the 8.7m and 10.5m shoals on

either side of the fairway. 

9.29 Having passed Pulau Nipa Light (1°09'N., 103°40'E.), steer

to round Raffles Light from 0.5 mile to 1 mile distant; or if the

wind and tidal current be adverse, or from other circumstances

it may be desirable to anchor to the W of Pulau Senang

(1°10'18"N., 103°44'18"E.), out of the strength of the current. 

9.29 Having rounded Raffles Light, steer to pass Pulau Sakijang

Bendera about 0.5 mile distant, passing about 1 mile S of

Lighted Beacon No. 45 (1°11'51"N., 103°48'27"E.), so as to

avoid the rocks SW of Pulau Sebarok (1°12'24"N.,

103°47'45"E.). 

9.29 After passing Pulau Sakijang Bendera (1°13'N.,

103°51'E.), if a vessel is bound for Singapore Road, round Pulau Tembakul at a distance of about 0.2 mile and steer NNW to

pass between Outer Shoal (1°15'N., 103°52'E.) and the shoals

SE of Sentosa (1°15'N., 103°50'E.). 

9.29 A least depth of 9.1m can be carried through this channel,

but caution is necessary if the tide is setting strongly across the

track. When Tanjong China, the S end of Sentosa, bears 235°,

course may be changed NE for the anchorage.

9.29 If bound through the E part of Singapore Strait, set a course

to pass N of Horsburgh Light (1°20'N., 104°24'E.), and then

into the South China Sea.

9.29 Caution.—Numerous dangerous wrecks, some of a shifting

nature, lie in Singapore Road, and may best be seen on the

chart.

9.30 Singapore (1°17'N., 103°51'E.) is built on each side

of the Singapore River, which is a small stream only navigable

by small craft. The river is barred by a flat, with about 0.3 to

0.9m at LW, which fronts the shore to a distance of about 0.2

mile. Several bridges span the river. The lower one at the

mouth is Anderson Bridge and the next above it is Cavanagh

Bridge. 

9.30 The river is always crowded with cargo boats, the central

part being kept dredged and clear for those under way.

9.30 Marina Bay, formerly Inner Roads, lies SE of the mouth of

the Singapore River. Reclamation continues between Marina

wharf and the entrance to Marina Bay. 

9.30 Marina South (1°16.5'N., 103°52.0'E.) has a harbor on the

SE side formed by three breakwaters marked by lights. Marina

South and Marina East are large areas of reclaimed land. 

9.30 A new International Cruise Terminal, being constructed at

Marina South, would be able to handle the largest cruise ships.

The two-berth facility will have the capacity to handle vessels

up to 220,000 gross tons, with a maximum length of 360m and

a maximum draft of 11.5m. There will be no turning circle or

vessel height restrictions at Marina South. The estimated completion date is 2011. 

9.30 Another reclaimed area fronts the shore between the entrances to the Singapore River and Kallang Basin. Further improvements are being made E of Tanjong Rhu, the E entrance point

to Kallang Basin, for about 2 miles and up to 0.8 mile from the

shore. A large part of the area is enclosed by sea walls and prohibited areas surround them.

9.30 Kallang Basin and Marina Bay are closed to marine traffic.

A barrage under construction will cross the mouth of Marina

Channel, creating Marina Reservior. South Kallang Light

marks the entrance on the NE side. Since these waters are no

longer part of the port limits, any vessels wanting to enter Marina Reservior should contact the Public Utilities Board. 

9.30 The commercial area of the town is situated on the S side of

the river. The banks on either side are lined with quays and go

downs for the landing and receiving of goods. Singapore is a

free port. 

New Cruise Terminal—Marina South (Planned)

Marina Barrage

http://www.pub.gov.sg/marina/index.htm
136 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.30 Several conspicuous buildings stand on the reclaimed

ground. 

9.30 Among the most conspicuous objects in the vicinity, when

seen from seaward, is the Victoria Memorial Hall

(1°16'50"N., 103°51'08"E.) a yellow stone building, surmounted by a dome and clock tower, the clock being illuminated at

night; the crown surmounting this building is 57.3m above

HW, and conspicuous when the sun is shining on the clock

tower.

9.30 From the open square in front of the Victoria Memorial Hall

a fine esplanade extends for 0.3 mile along the sea front; behind this esplanade is situated the Recreation Ground fronting

St. Andrews Cathedral, (1°17'32"N., 103°51'13"E.) which is

reported to have a tower surmounted by a spire about 65m

high.

9.30 The Ocean Building is very tall, with a conspicuous green

roof. 

9.30 The Fullerton Building (1°17'10"N., 103°51'16"E.) has a

red roof and is one of the more conspicuous buildings on the

water front. 

9.30 There are numerous tall buildings which are constantly being

added to on the S side of the entrance to Singapore River. 

9.30 The War Memorial stands on the shore opposite the Recreation Grounds, a lattice radio mast and a disused lighthouse are

situated on Fort Canning Hill (1°17'33"N., 103°50'56"E.),

which rises gradually above the center of the town to a height

of about 47m. 

9.30 The Director of Marine’s Pier is situated close eastward of

Fullerton Building.

Keppel Harbor (1°16'N., 103°50'E.)

World Port Index No. 50000

9.31 Keppel Harbor, between Singapore and Sentosa, is

about 3 miles long in an E and W direction, but the main channel takes a somewhat serpentine course; its width is about 0.2

mile, but in several places is not more than about 0.1 mile

wide. Situated as it is, Keppel Harbor is of considerable importance and possesses extensive dock and wharf accommodation. 

Tides—Currents

9.31 Tidal currents in Selat Sengkir (1°15'21"N., 103°50'00"E.)

have considerable strength, the flood flowing to the W and the

ebb to the E. 

9.31 With no slack water; there are swirls and eddies at the E entrance. Tidal ranges are about 2.3m at springs and 1.1m at neaps.

9.31 In the E approach to Keppel Harbor, the tidal currents are

very irregular in the passages among these islands, running

sometimes 4 knots.

9.31 In Keppel Harbor the currents run strongest at the W entrance points off the N end of Pulau Brani (1°15'30"N.,

103°50'00"E.), at the rate of 3 knots, but in the W entrance, at

times it reaches 4 knots.

9.31 The E current commences about 1 hour before HHW, and

runs until about 2 hours after LLW. 

9.31 The W current is reported to commence about 2 hours after

LLW, and runs until about 1 hour before HHW at varying

strength.

9.31 The ebb or E current at springs running through Keppel Harbor causes somewhat dangerous swirls and eddies; the flood or

W current is more uniform, with eddies only occurring between the points of the W entrance.

9.31 In Selat Chermin (1°16'N., 103°49'E.), the currents sweep

around Pulau Hantu (1°15'51"N., 103°48'49"E.) with considerable force, but close to the wharves at the head of that bay is

an eddy current on both sides. 

9.31 There is also a slight eddy at each end of the Port of Singapore Authority wharves.

9.31 Alongside the wharf at Pulau Brani, it is quite slack water on

the flood, but the ebb runs strongly.

9.31 The flood current sweeps W along the harborboard’s

wharves from the dry docks as far as West Wharf, with very little strength, but then it runs strongly. On the flood, on the W

side of Tanjong Pagar, the projecting line of wharves causes

slack water on that side. 

9.31 Approaching Tanjong Pagar, if unaware of this fact, the bow

being in slack water with a strong current on the quarter, an

awkward sheer might be experienced.

Depths—Limitations

9.31 Keppel Harbor, and both entrances to it, have sufficient

water for all classes of vessels; there are depths of 5.2 to 11.3m

or more alongside the wharves at LW.

9.31 The W entrance, with a least depth of 11.6m in the fairway,

is a little more than 183m wide and lies between Tanjong

Rimau (1°15'35"N., 103°48'30"E.) and Tanjong Berlayar,

about 0.1 mile NW. 

Keppel Terminal

http://www.psa.com.sg/container/5-2.html

Tidal currents S of Tanjong Piai

Hours before 

HHW Direction Rate (knots)

Hours after 

HHW Direction Rate (knots)

12 093° 1.1 0 100° 0.3

11 098° 1.0 1 093° 0.5

10 103° 0.7 2 104° 0.4

9 115° 0.3 3 114° 0.3

8 230° 0.2 4 163° 0.1
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 137

Pub. 174

9.31 The E entrance between Tanjong Pagar (1°15'45"N.,

103°50'48"E.) and the E extremity of Pulau Brani to the SW is

about 0.4 mile wide.

9.31 Keppel Harbor is divided into two parts by a causeway linking West Wharf (1°15.8'N., 103°49.5'E.) with Tanjong Risim,

the W extremity of Pulau Brani. 

9.31 Vessels are prohibited from transiting through Keppel Harbor.

9.31 Tanjong Pagar Terminal, which handles container and ro-ro

vessels, has a total berthing length of 3,600m, with alongside

depths of 8.9 to 14.8m.

9.31 Keppel Terminal, situated W of Tanjong Pagar Terminal, has

15 berths, with depths of 9.8 to 14.6m alongside.

7 264° 0.5 5 249° 0.2

6 280° 1.0 6 254° 0.4

5 280° 1.3 7 278° 0.4

4 282° 1.3 8 279° 0.5

3 284° 1.0 9 282° 0.3

2 295° 0.3 10 283° 0.2

1 106° 0.2 11 086° 0.7

0 100° 0.3 12 093° 1.0

Courtesy of Lloyd’s List

Brani Causeway from W with Keppel Terminal in background

Tidal currents S of Tanjong Piai

Hours before 

HHW Direction Rate (knots)

Hours after 

HHW Direction Rate (knots)
138 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.31 There are three berths for cruise ships situated on the N side

of Keppel Harbor close W of the causeway. Berth CC1, Berth

CC2, and Berth CC3 have depths alongside of 12m, 11m, and

9m, respectively. Berth B1, Berth B2, and Berth B3 have reported depths (2002) alongside of 11.0m, 11.4m, and 11.5m,

respectively.

Pilotage

9.31 Pilotage information is found in paragraph 9.2.

Regulations

9.31 Cruise Bay (1°16'N., 103°49'E.) is the W part of Keppel

Harbor. Vessels with a length of over 30m or whose height exceeds 30m should obtain permission from Cruise Bay Control

on VHF channel 5 before entering, leaving, or maneuvering in

Cruise Bay. 

9.31 All vessels maneuvering within Cruise Bay should maintain

a listening watch on VHF channel 5.

9.31 Entry into Cruise Bay is prohibited to vessels over 52m high.

Vessels between 48 and 52m high must obtain written permission from the Port Master to enter or remain in the area. 

Anchorage

9.31 Anchorage is prohibited in the whole of Keppel Harbor, in

Selat Sengkir, and in the E entrance.

Caution

9.31 Both sides of Keppel Harbor are reported to be fringed with

drying reefs.

9.31 Reclamation work is being done in the Keppel Harbor area

and mariners are advised to use caution.

9.32 Tanjong Berlayar (1°15'48"N., 103°48'24"E.), the

NW entrance point to Keppel Harbor, is formed of cliffs about

18.3m high. Tanjong Rimau, about 0.1 mile SE of Tanjong

Berlayer, is the SE entrance point to Keppel Harbor. A white

obelisk stands 46m NW of Tanjong Berlayer.

9.32 A T-headed oil terminal, flanked by concrete dolphins, is 0.1

mile ENE of Tanjong Berlayar. A military pier, with 7.6m at its

extremity, is 119m NE of Tanjong Berlayar; mooring buoys are

situated E of the pier head.

9.32 Berlayar Rock (Blayer Rock), lying about 91m WSW of

Tanjong Berlayar, has a least depth of 1.8m and is steep-to on

its S side.

9.32 A depth of 5.2m lies about 0.3 mile W of Tanjong Berlayar;

it is the shallowest part of a ridge with depths of 5.5 to 14.6m. 

9.32 There are depths of 9.1 to 11m between the ridge and Pasir

Panjang (1°16'N., 103°48'E.).

9.32 A reef, with 2.7 to 4.9m, extends almost 91m W from Tanjong Rimau (1°15'35"N., 103°48'30"E.). A fishtrap is situated

about 165m SSW of the same point. A military pier, with 8.8m

at its extremity, stands 0.2 mile E of Tanjong Rimau.

9.32 Caution.—Due to the existence of submarine cables, vessels

should not anchor within 1 mile of Tanjong Berlayar or N of a

line joining that point and the lighted beacon on Cyrene Reefs

(1°15.5'N., 103°45.0'E.).

9.32 A submarine cable extends from Tanjung Rimau NNW to

the military pier standing NE of Tanjong Berlayar.

9.32 To the E, between Tanjong Berlayar and Bukit Chermin

(1°15'58"N., 103°48'39"E.), there is an impassable mangrove

swamp, into which Berlayar Canal (Blayer Canal)

(1°16'00"N., 103°48'28"E.) discharges, off the mouth of which

a reef extends up to about 200m seaward.

9.33 Pulau Hantu (1°15'51"N., 103°48'49"E.), the small

round densely-wooded island lying in front of Selat Chermin,

is about 0.1 mile in diameter and 45m high to the tops of the

trees. A reef fringes the E and N sides of the island. 

9.33 The channel between the island and the coast is about 91m

wide and has charted depths of 6.8 to 13.6m. Berthing facilities

in the vicinity of Pulau Hantu can best be seen on the chart.

9.33 Pulau Renggis (1°15'37"N., 103°48'59"E.) is the central

portion of a coral reef, covered with mangroves, the tops of

which are 5.5m above HW; it lies about 0.5 mile E of Tanjong

Rimau and 91m from the S shore. The reef, which dries, extends about 119m W and about 64m N and E from the islet,

with shallow water extending 91m beyond the E part.

9.33 Pulau Brani (1°15'30"N., 103°50'00"E.), on the S side of

Keppel Harbor, forms the N side of Selat Sengkir; it is nearly

0.6 mile in length, in an E and W direction, with an extreme

width of 0.4 mile. On its NE side are three hills; the middle

one, which is the highest, is 48m high and covered with trees. 

9.33 Tanjong Risim (1°15'34"N., 103°49'40"E.), from which a

fringing reef extends W about 0.2 mile, is the W end of Pulau

Brani. The NW coast of Pulau Brani is fronted by a reef which

ends about 0.2 mile NE of Tanjong Risim. A pier is situated

close NE of Tanjong Risim. A submerged pipeline extending to

Singapore is laid in the vicinity. Mooring buoys are laid close

off the NW coast of Pulau Brani.

9.33 Brani Terminal (1°15.7'N., 103°50.2'E.) is situated on the S

side of Keppel Harbor, along the N shore of Pulau Brani; it has

nine berths that are best seen on the chart.

9.33 A concrete wharf, 15m long, with 2.7 to 4.6m alongside, is

situated on the S side of Pulau Brani close ESE of Tanjong

BP Dock—Tanjong Berlayar

Brani Terminal

http://www.psa.com.sg/container/5-3.html
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 139

Pub. 174

Risim.

9.33 Caution.—An aerial tramway, with a vertical clearance of

56m, crosses the channel between Sentosa and Singapore

about 0.4 mile W of Tanjong Risim. The tramway, which is

about 1 mile long, has a conspicuous tower and two conspicuous cable car stations on Singapore and a conspicuous tower

and cable car station on Sentosa. 

9.33 Submarine cables, the locations of which can best be seen on

the chart, lie in the W part of Selat Sengkir.

9.34 Tanjong Tereh (1°15'49"N., 103°49'57"E.), the N

end of Pulau Brani, is a bold red point rising within to a height

of 29m, with many buildings on its grassy slopes, and is conspicuous from either entrance to Keppel Harbor.

9.34 Selat Singkir (1°15'21"N., 103°50'00"E.), the channel between Pulau Brani and Sentosa, with a least depth of 3m in

mid-channel but greater depths elsewhere, is navigable for vessels of light draft.

9.34 Directions.—Vessels proceeding into Keppel Harbor

through the W entrance, which is little more than 183m wide,

should keep in mid-channel.

9.34 Inbound from Singapore Main Strait toward Keppel Harbor

W entrance, the channel that is between Pulau Sebarok

(1°12'24"N., 103°47'45"E.) and The Sisters (1°13'N.,

103°50'E.) is very recommended. 

9.34 Between the shoals W of The Sisters and the sunken rock,

lying about 0.6 mile SE of the SE end of Pulau Sebarok, the

channel is about 0.7 mile wide. 

9.34 When approaching this channel from SE, Pulau Jong

(1°12'54"N., 103°47'18"E.), bearing 304° and kept well open

of Pulau Sebarok, leads E of the rock.

9.35 Terumbu Selegi (1°13.6'N., 103°49.6'E.), marked by

a beacon, lies about 0.7 miles NW of the Sisters and should be

given a wide berth.

Terumbu Palawan (1°15'N., 103°49'E.), marked by a beacon and near the coast of Sentosa, should be given a berth of

183m; then to the W entrance to Keppel Harbor there are no

dangers beyond 0.3 mile offshore.

Deep-draft vessels should avoid the ridge with 7.8m extending W of the 5.5m depth W of The Sisters, and the ridge with

the same depths E of Pulau Bukom (1°14'N., 103°46'E.).

East of The Sisters, and between them and Pulau Sakijang

Bendera (1°13'N., 103°51'E.), is a good and deep channel

about 0.5 mile wide, for which the chart is sufficient guide.

9.36 East Keppel Fairway (1°14'N., 103°52'E.) is the relatively wide fairway leading NE of the islands and reefs forming the E part of Port Singapore for 3 miles to the E entrance to

Keppel Harbor.

9.36 East Keppel Fairway has been dredged to a depth of 15m;

the dredged limits are best seen on the chart. The controlling

depth (2004) in East Keppel Fairway Deep Channel is 15.4m.

9.36 Caution.—Anchorage in the vicinity of the port of Singapore and areas which anchorage is prohibited are charted.

9.36 Vessels may not anchor in Keppel Harbor except in an emergency or when berthing or unberthing.

9.36 A prohibited area exists at the E entrance to the Selat Sengkir, the limits of which are best shown on the chart. 

9.36 No vessel of any description, except vessels authorized by the

Port Captain or the Commander, Republic of Singapore Navy,

shall enter the area for anchorage, passage, or any other purpose. 

9.37 The E part of Singapore Strait, E of Pulau Sambu

(1°10'N., 103°54'E.), is formed by Pulau Batam, on the W side

of the N entrance to Selat Riau (1°10'N., 104°13'E.), and by

Pulau Bintan on the E side of the strait.

9.37 Teluk Jodoh (1°10'N., 103°58'E.), lying close E of Pulau

Sambu, is 6.5 miles wide between it and Tanjung Sengkuang

(1°11'N., 104°02'E.) to the E. The depths in the outer part of

the bay vary from 18.3 to 47.5m but close to the shore reefs,

there are depths of 10.9 to 12.8m; caution is necessary when

working toward them.

Pulau Dongas (Pulau Dangas) (1°09'N., 103°57'E.) lies

close off the shore of Teluk Jodoh. A wreck lies about 2 miles

NNE of the island.

9.37 Caution.—A floating storage tanker is reported to be

moored about 2 miles N of Pulau Dongas.

9.37 The bight between Pulau Dongas and Pulau Bakor (Pulau

Bokur) affords anchorage, in depths of 6.1 to 7.3m. 

9.37 Vessels may anchor, in about 7.3m, with Pulau Bokor bearing 135°, distant 0.5 mile. The depths decrease sharply to 5.5m

toward the island, but decrease more regularly towards the

reefs on the E side of Teluk Jodoh.

Pelabuhan Batuampar (Pelabuhan Batu Ampar) (1°10'N.,

104°00'E.), on the E shore of Teluk Jodoh, consists of a squareshaped basin about 0.2 mile wide. The center of the channel

leading into the basin is marked by a range light. The basin,

which has a controlling depth of 4.9m, has a total berthing

length of 1,000m. A ferry terminal is situated in the SE corner.

9.37 McDermott Basin, with a controlling depth of 3.4m, lies

about 0.3 mile N of the main basin.

9.38 Tanjung Sengkuang (1°11'N., 104°02'E.) is the NE

extremity of a peninsula that separates Teluk Jodoh from Teluk

Tering to the E.

9.38 Teluk Tering (1°11'N., 104°04'E.) is about 3 miles wide between Tanjung Sengkuang and Tanjung Kapur (1°11'N.,

104°05'E.) and is about 4 miles in length.

9.38 Pulau Nongsa (1°12'15"N., 104°04'54"E.) is about 0.2 mile

Brani Terminal (PSA Corporation Ltd.)

Berth Length of 

berth Depth alongside

B1 205m 10.7m (2003)

B2 258m 10.5m (2003)

B3 258m 11.4m (2003)

B4 314m 14.5m (2004)

B5 320m 13.4m (2005)

B6 320m 14.7m (2003)

B7 320m 14.2m (2003)

B8 330m 14.4m (2003)

B9 249m 12.4m (2003)
140 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

in extent and surrounded by a reef. It is rocky, wooded, and

26m high to the tree tops and lies about 0.5 mile off Tanjong

Batubelah (1°11'36"N., 105°05'09"E.) shore reef.

9.38 On the S edge of the islet is a sand cay, overgrown with low

trees. A wreck is charted about 0.5 mile E of the islet. The islet

is reported to be marked by a light.

Rosa Rock (1°12'23"N., 104°05'53"E.), which uncovers,

lies nearly 1 mile E of Pulau Nongsa. Vessels should not stand

S of the line of Pulau Nongsa bearing 262°.

9.38 The best anchorage in Teluk Tering is on the E side of its approach, in 11m, about 1 mile WSW of Pulau Nongsa; small

vessels may go further in.

9.38 The N entrance to Selat Riau lies between Tanjung Babi

(1°11'51"N., 104°06'04"E.), the N point of Pulau Batam, and

Tanjong Sebong about 9.7 miles ESE. 

9.38 East of Tarjong Babi the shore reef, to the N entrance of Selat Riau, projects about 0.7 mile in places.

9.38 Pulau Bintan (1°14'N., 104°34'E.), of which Tanjong Berakit is the NE end, is the largest island on the S side of Singapore Strait. 

9.38 Like most of the other land forming Singapore Strait, it is

covered with trees, and, except for the hills inland, is not much

elevated.

9.38 Vessels should not venture in by the curve, as the depths are

very irregular, with shallow patches which are difficult to approach by the lead, though they may frequently be distinguished by tide rips.

9.39 Gunung Bintan-besar (1°04'N., 104°27'E.), located

about 7 miles within the N coast of Pulau Bintan, is 348m high;

it may be seen in clear weather from a distance of about 40

miles and is a good mark in approaching Singapore Strait from

the N. 

9.39 When viewed from the N it shows up as a saddle-shaped

summit. Lying 3 miles N and appearing to be joined to Gunung

Bintan-besar is Gunung Bintan-ketjil, a 195m high conical hill.

9.39 Tanjong Tondang (1°11'N., 104°19'E.) lies about 7 miles

NE of Tanjong Sebong; Tanjong Pergam lies about 1.6 miles

farther E. Teluk Sebong indents the coast E of Tanjong Sebong.

9.39 Lagoi Reef (1°12'N., 104°21'E.), consisting of several rocky

heads with depths of less than 1.8m, lies between 0.9 mile and

about 1.8 miles NE of Tanjong Pergam.

9.39 Karang Manjang (1°12'N., 104°22'E.), a narrow ridge

about 0.5 mile in length, lies between Lagoi Reef and the

shore, along with other shoals.

9.39 Diana Reef (1°14'N., 104°27'E.), consisting of several ridges

of sand, with depths of 4.9 to 5.5m, lies from 4 to 5.5 miles ENE

of Lagoi Reef. Vessels should keep outside the 20m curve.

9.39 Between Lagoi Reef and Diana Shoal are several patches, on

which lie depths of as little as 6.2m. More isolated rocks are

found between Diana Shoal and the shore.

9.40 Tanjong Sambang (1°11'52"N., 104°22'48"E.), a

prominent point on the N coast of Pulau Bintan having a hill,

lies about 3 miles E of Tanjong Pergam. 

9.40 Between Tanjong Sambang and Tanjong Sading (1°12'15"N.,

104°23'37"E.), a bluff, is a bight about 1 mile in extent.

9.40 Small vessels can obtain temporary anchorage, in 7.3m, in

the middle of a bight between Tanjong Said and Tanjong Sambang, about 1.6 miles E, being careful to avoid Lagoi Reef and

Karang Manjang.

Teluk Sumpat (Sumpat Bay) (1°12'N., 104°29'E.) lies between Tanjong Sading and the W end of Tanjong Berakit, 9.5

miles distant. The head of the bay and its E shore are fronted

by coral reefs to distances of from 0.5 to 1 mile offshore. Anchorage can be taken in the bay, in depths of 12.8 to 18.3m.

9.40 Pulau Sumpat (1°11'45"N., 104°31'40"E.), a rocky wooded

islet, 70m high, and located on the E side of Teluk Sumpat,

may be readily identified by its saddle shape. Sumpat Village is

situated on the coast S of the islet. 

9.40 A rock of small extent, with a depth of 4.9m, lies near the

center of the bay, about 2.7 miles NW of the summit of Pulau

Sumpat; a wreck lies close SE of the rock.

9.41 Tanjong Berakit (1°14'N., 104°34'E.), the NE end of

Pulau Bintan, is marked by a light. Some hills, with elevations

of up to 39m, lie on the E side of the island about 2 miles S of

the point. Some trees grow on the point. Reefs and foul ground

extend up to 1.8 miles off the point. Dangerous wrecks may

best be seen on the chart.

9.41 Pulau Berakit (1°14'N., 104°35'E.), about 12m high to the

tops of the trees, small, and wooded stands on the shore reef, at

about 0.5 mile N of Tanjong Berakit; the reef is covered with

large stones, several of which uncover at half tide. Black Rock

lies about 0.3 mile W of the island above.

9.41 Pulau Koko (1°13'N., 104°35'E.), 12m high, is narrow and

about 0.5 mile long; it lies close-to and appears to form the E

side of Tanjong Berakit.

9.41 Tanjong Lokan (1°13'N., 104°35'E.), the E point of the peninsula, lies about 1 mile S of Pulau Koko and is fronted by a

reef to a short distance.

9.41 Karang Bebek (1°15'N., 104°33'E.), with a least depth of

3.6m, lies near the W end of a bank, with depths of less than

11m, lying about 1.7 miles NNW of the N end of Tanjong Berakit.

9.41 Karang Berakit (1°16'N., 104°36'E.), with a least depth of

0.9m, lies about 3 miles NE of Tanjong Berakit. A coral patch,

with a depth of 5.8m, lies about 0.2 mile NW of the reef; the

depths in the vicinity are irregular. A dangerous wreck lies

close SW.

9.41 Directions.—The E summit of Gunung Bintan-besar in

range with the NW extremity of Tanjong Berakit, bearing 211°,

leads W of Karang Berakit.

9.41 The N end of Tanjong Berakit, bearing S°, leads N of Diana

Reef.

9.41 A conspicuous double tree, on a hill 4 miles S of Tanjong

Lokan (1°13'N., 104°35'E.), kept well open of Tanjong Lokan,

bearing 192°, leads E, and Horsburgh Light (1°20'N.,

104°24'E.), in range with the highest coast hill on Tanjong

Penyusok (Datok) (1°22'N., 104°17'E.) bearing 285°, leads N.

9.41 Caution.—The whole of the N coast of Pulau Bintan is

fronted with dangers, and it is advisable that vessels should not

attempt to come inside Diana Reef (1°14'N., 104°27'E.) and

Lagoi Reef (1°12'N., 104°21'E.). 

9.41 These will be guarded against by keeping Pulau Sekerah

(1°07'27"N., 104°14'30"E.) well open of Tanjong Kalumpang,

bearing 227°, until the N extremity of Tanjong Berakit bears

097°. Pulau Sumpat, bearing 165°, will lead W of the shoals in

the vicinity of Tanjong Berakit. 

9.41 An ammunition dumping ground, about 5 miles square, is
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 141

Pub. 174

centered about 22 miles ENE of the Horsburgh Light.

Singapore Strait—North Shore

9.42 The N shore of the E part of Singapore Strait is

formed by the SE part of Singapore Island (1°20'N.,

103°55'E.), Johor Shoal (1°19'N., 104°03'E.), and Tanjong

Penyusop (1°22'N., 104°17'E.), the SE part of the Malay Peninsula. 

9.42 The Lima Islands (1°22'N., 104°18'E.), with several rocks

and dangers near them, together with Ramunia Shoals

(1°27'N., 104°26'E.), North Patch (1°29'N., 104°27'E.) and

Eastern Bank (1°31'N., 104°31'E.), extend E of Tanjong

Penyusop nearly as far as the meridian of Tanjong Berakit

(1°14'N., 103°34'E.) on the opposite shore. 

9.42 From Tanjong Takong, the NE limit of Singapore Road, the

coast trends NE about 5 miles to Tanjong Bedok (1°20'N.,

103°58'E.); about midway between is the village of Siglap.

9.42 Tanjong Changi (1°23'N., 104°00'E.), the E end of Singapore Island, is low land with a white sandy beach and is the S

point of the E entrance of Johore Strait.

9.42 The airport is situated at the NE end of Singapore Island. Its

runway extends about 2 miles SSW from a position within 0.5

mile W of the reclamation of Tanjong Changi. The flight path

of aircraft taking off and landing passes over Kuala Johor.

9.42 Regulations.—The Civil Aviation Authority of Singapore

(CAAS) has requested that shipyard operations and masters,

owners, or agents of vessels with heights exceeding 100m intending to conduct intraport movements (within port limits)

which require to transit, leave, or move between longitudes

103°54'E, and 104°05'E, S and E of Changi Airport, to notify

CAAS at least 3 working days in advance of such movements.

This is to allow CAAS to issue a NOTAM (Notice to Airmen)

in order to keep aircraft pilots informed of such tall ship movements.

9.42 Masters of vessels with heights exceeding 100m above the

waterline intending to enter, transit, or leave the area described

above are also required to report to Sembawang Control on

VHF channel 21 when passing either longitudes, or if entering

or leaving the Traffic Information Area of Serangoon Harbor.

9.42 An extensive sea area in the vicinity of the airport, best seen

on the chart, is prohibited to vessels whose height measured

from the waterline to the highest point of the ship’s structure,

including its cargo and equipment on board, exceeds 15m.

9.42 In addition to the above reporting procedures, shipyard operators, masters, owners, or agents are reminded that every vessel

2,000 grt or more or with a height of more than 30m above its

waterline are to comply with the Traffic Information System

for vessels navigating in Serangoon Harbor.

Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal (TMFT) (1°19'N.,

103°59'E.) is situated E of Singapore Changi Airport and S of

Tanjong Changi. All vessels should obtain permission from the

TMFT before entering, leaving, or maneuvering within the

TMFT and its approaches. Vessels maneuvering within the

TMFT and its approaches should maintain a continuous listening watch on VHF channel 5.

9.43 Changi Naval Base (1°19'N., 104°01'E.) is situated

on the SE corner of Singapore Island, 2 miles E of Tanah Merah Ferry Terminal, adjacent to Johor Shoal. The base lies entirely on reclaimed land. The newly-constructed basin is large

enough to accommodate an entire carrier battle group. The basin has depths ranging from 9 to 17m. The S side of the South

Breakwater Pier is reserved for aircraft carriers.

9.43 A tidal range from 2.4 to 3m was reported in the basin. Currents and effects of tides inside the harbor are negligible. The

ebb current from Johor Strait into Singapore Strait can be significant, with an average velocity of 2.5 knots. Land reclamation in the area may be accelerating the current in this area with

a speed of 5 knots reported in 2003.

9.43 Berth No. 6 can accommodate vessels up to 183m in length

with a draft of 11m. 

9.43 No marked channel nor range markers exist leading to Changi Naval Base. Good water is found in all areas S of the breakwater entrance. The Changi Special Purpose Anchorage is

situated directly in front of the entrance to the base. Anchored

vessels can easily foul a planned approach to the base. 

9.43 A large control tower situated at the S end of the East Breakwater is an excellent aid to navigation.

9.43 Singapore Port Operations can be contacted on VHF channel

10 to confirm mooring and pilot boarding times. Pilots can be

contacted on VHF channel 20 to confirm pilot boarding arrangements. It is recommended that this call be made 3 hours

prior to pilot pick-up. The fleet operations center (call sign: 88)

can be contacted via bridge-to-bridge radio to request harbor

clearance.

9.43 A prohibited area surrounds the naval base. No vessels of

any description except those authorized by the Commander,

Republic of Singapore Navy, shall use the area for anchorage,

passage, or other purposes.

9.44 Kuala Sungai Johor (Kuala Johor) (1°20'N.,

104°05'E.) lies between the dangers extending over 1 mile S of

Tanjong Pengelih (1°22'N., 104°06'E.), a bluff promontory on

the E, and Johor Shoal and Red Cliff Bank on the W. It is about

3 miles wide abreast Johor Shoal, with irregular depths of 10.1

to 23.8m in the fairway, decreasing toward Tanjong Pengelih. 

9.44 Between Red Cliff Bank and the bank extending S from Pulau Tekong Besar the channel 12.8 to 23.8m in the fairway. 

9.44 Farther in, between Pulau Ubin Bank (1°24'N., 104°00'E.),

Changi Naval Base
142 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

and Pulau Sajahat and Pulau Tekong Kechil to the E, the width

is about 0.7 mile with depths of 12.8 to 21.9m.

9.44 Red Cliff Shoal (1°20'N., 104°00'E.) and Red Cliff Bank

form an extensive flat of mud and sand, with patches of rock

and coral, extending from the E part of Singapore Island, between Tanjong Bedok (1°20'N., 103°58'E.) and Tanjong

Changi (1°23'N., 104°00'E.). 

9.44 Its apex, with a depth of 5.5m is 3 miles E of Large Red

Cliffs, with a detached shoal, known as Angler Bank (1°21'N.,

104°03'E.) extending from 0.2 to 0.8 mile further E; there are

depths of less than 1.8m on Red Cliff Bank.

9.44 Caution.—A dangerous wreck, with a depth of 9.9m, lies

about 0.5 mile ESE of Angler Lighted Buoy.

9.45 Johor Shoal (1°19'N., 104°03'E.), fronting Kuala Sungai Johor, the E entrance of Johor Strait, is 3 miles long and

about 0.2 mile wide. It is composed of hard sand and has a least

depth of 2.3m and depths of 3.7 to 5.5m elsewhere, which may

best be seen on the chart. A light situated on the W end of the

shoal. 

9.45 The Sungai Johor (1°28'N., 104°02'E.) entered between Pulau Tekong Kechil and Tanjong Kopok (1°26'N., 104°00'E.),

about 2 miles NW, is navigable for vessels with local knowledge drawing up to 6.1m as far as Pulau Layang (1°36'N.,

103°59'E.), about 10 miles above Tanjong Kopok.

9.45 Pulau Tekong (1°25'N., 104°04'E.) and Pulau Tekong

Kechil (1°25'N., 104°01'E.) are two islands lying NW of Tanjong Pengelih, at the entrance of the Sungai Johor and dividing

it into two branches. Pulau Tekong, 53m high, is about 4 miles

long, E and W and 2.3 miles wide, N and S. 

9.45 Pulau Tekong Kechil, lying close to the W side of the larger

island, is nearly round, its diameter being about 0.6 mile.

9.45 Pulau Sajahat (1°24'N., 104°01'E.), consisting of three conspicuous vegetation-covered rocks, lies about 0.7 mile S of Pulau Tekong Kechil. A drying rock lies 0.2 mile NW of Pulau

Sajahat. A bank, steep-to in places, extends 1.5 miles S of Pulau Tekong and 2.5 miles N of Pulau Tekong Kechil. 

9.45 A bank, with depths of less than 5.5m and on which there are

many above and below-water rocks, extends about 2 miles SE

of Pulau Sajahat.

9.45 Malang Tiga (1°23'N., 104°02'E.), three rocky heads,

awash, lies 1.3 miles SSE of the S point of Pulau Tekong

Kechil; a shoal, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends 0.6 mile

further SE. A ruined masonry beacon stands on the easternmost rocky head.

9.45 A reef, on which there is a drying coral patch, lies close W of

the N end of Pulau Tokong, a depth of 5.5m lies about 0.6 mile

W of the same point.

9.46 Tanjong Pengelih (1°22'N., 104°06'E.), lying about 2

miles SE of the SE side of Pulau Tekong, is the end of the W

slope of Bukit Pengerang (1°23'N., 104°06'E.). This hill,

which lies about 0.9 mile NE of the point and is 186m high, is

of a regular oblong sloping form and has been planted with

trees. It is one of the most conspicuous objects in Singapore

Strait.

9.46 The tidal range at Tanjong Pengelih is 2.2m at springs and

1m at neaps.

9.46 Calder Harbor (1°23'N., 104°05'E.) is the space between

Pulau Tekong and the coast extending N of Tanjong Pengelih.

The harbor, which is about 0.7 mile wide, affords anchorage, in

depths of 9.1 to 14.6m. The Sungai Santi, with a depth of 1.8m

in its entrance, is on the E side of the harbor.

9.46 Merlin Rock (1°23'N., 104°05'E.), with a least charted

depth of 5m, lies about 0.8 mile N of Tanjong Pengelih.

9.46 Malang Berdaun (1°21'N., 104°06'E.), a rocky islet 3m high

to the tops of the trees, lies about 0.7 mile SE of Tanjong Pengelih, within the edge of the drying bank which extends about 0.7

mile from the coast; shallow water extends further from the islet.

A drying reef lies 0.6 mile S of Tanjong Pengelih.

9.46 Anchorage.—Four special purpose anchorages are designated between Tanjong Pengelih and Tanjong Stapa, about 3.3

miles ESE. 

9.47 There are several villages between Tanjong Pengelih

and Tanjong Bulat. The whole area between the shore and the

10m curve is so crowded with fishing stakes and traps as to

render navigation impossible.

Tanjong Stapa (Langkah Blak) (1°20'N., 104°08'E.), lying

about 3 miles ESE of Tanjong Pengelih, is a somewhat prominent point. A light is shown from the point. 

9.47 The coast between Tanjong Stapa and Tanjong Ayam should

not be approached in a depth of less than 12.8m. 

9.47 A wreck, with a depth of 26m, lies about 4 miles SSE of Tanjong Stapa.

9.47 Tanjong Ayam (1°20'N., 104°12'E.), the S point of this part

of the Malay Peninsula, lies nearly 4 miles E of Tanjong Stapa,

with Tanjong Kapal (1°20'N., 104°10'E.) between. 

9.47 Tanjong Bulat (1°21'N., 104°14'E.) lies nearly 2 miles E of

Tanjong Ayam. The 5.5m edge of the shore bank is rather more

than 0.5 mile off Tanjong Bulat but from the head of the bight

between it and Tanjong Penyusop, it extends 1.3 miles off Two

rocks, with less than a 1.8m depth, lie 0.4 mile and 0.5 mile S

of Tanjong Bulat.

9.47 Pulau Che Kamat (1°21'N., 104°14'E.), about 0.5 mile NE

of Tanjong Bulat, is a round island, 31m high and about 0.3

mile in extent, with an islet 15.2m high off its SW part.

9.47 Telok Ramunia (1°22'N., 104°15'E.) is an open roadstead

Pulau Tekong
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 143

Pub. 174

where there is anchorage about 2 miles offshore. Several facilities for loading bauxite into lighters are situated along the bay’s

shoreline. The harbormaster of Johor is responsible for Telok

Ramunia. 

9.47 Vessels usually anchor between the 10 and 20m curves,

smooth mud bottom with good holding ground. 

9.47 There is no protection during the Northeast Monsoon. Fishermen often completely enclose the anchorage with their nets.

9.48 Tanjong Penyusop (1°22'N., 104°17'E.), the SE extremity of the Malay Peninsula, and the N side of the E entrance to Singapore Strait, is level land covered with trees, with

some small hills behind. Coral reefs extend 0.1 to 0.3 mile off

the point, with the Lima Islands in the offing.

9.48 Bukit Pelali (1°24'N., 104°12'E.), 191m high and located

about 5 miles WNW of Tanjung Penyusop, is a regular pyramid rising from the low land and a useful object in making Singapore Strait from the N. It is completely wooded but is conspicuous by its height. Another hill, 100m high, is located 1

mile W of Tanjong Penyusop.

9.48 Bukit Iwatow (1°30'N., 104°15'E.), 139m high to the tops of

the trees, is located near the coast about 6 miles NNE of Bukit

Pelali. It has a group of trees on its summit and is a little more

elevated than the coast, which is all rather low and wooded to

the N of the hills over Tanjong Penyusop. 

9.48 It is discernible during hazy weather much sooner than Bukit

Peloli and is a useful mark when approaching Singapore Strait

from the N.

9.48 Tanjong Punggai (1°26'N., 104°18'E.) lies about 4 miles N

of Tanjong Penyusop; the summit of the point is conspicuous,

wooded, and 61m high to the tops of the trees. 

9.48 Pulau Punggai, 22m high to the tops of the trees, lies about

0.1 mile S of Tanjong Punggai.

9.48 Tanjong Penawan (1°30'N., 104°07'E.) lies about 5 miles N

of Tanjong Punggai; foul ground extends about 0.7 mile off the

point. A wreck, with a mast showing, lies about 3 miles E of

the point.

9.49 The S and SE coasts of Singapore Island are level and

wooded. The most conspicuous objects are Tanah Merah

Kechil (Small Red Cliffs) (1°20'N., 103°57'E.), SW of Tanjong

Bedok, and Tanah Merah Besar (Large Red Cliffs) (1°21'N.,

103°59'E.), about 3 miles NE of them. 

9.49 Tanah Merah Besar is visible from a considerable distance. 

9.49 A conspicuous prison tower with a flagstaff stands about 0.7

mile WNW of Tanah Merah Besar.

9.49 Directions.—In approaching Kuala Sungai Johor (1°20'N.,

104°05'E.) from E, Tanjong Changi should be steered for, bearing 302°, which leads E of Johor Shoal and Red Cliff Bank in

not less than 12.8m. 

9.49 When abeam of Angler Bank Lighted Buoy (1°21'N.,

104°03'E.), distant about 0.2 mile, the light structure on Tanjong Chek Jawa (1°25'N., 104°00'E.), the SE end of Pulau

Ubin, should be brought into range with the beacon standing

about 183m SE. 

9.49 When appropriate, alter course for Serangoon Harbor or the

Sungai Johor. At night, a vessel should keep in the white sector

of Tanjong Chek Jawa Light.

9.49 Reclamation in progress on the bank fringing the coast in the

vicinity of Tanjong Bedok (1°20'N., 103°58'E.) and NE toward Tanjong Changi (1°23'N., 104°00'E.). 

9.49 An area in which navigation is prohibited extends up to 3

miles SE from the coast of Singapore Island between these two

points; its limits are indicated on the charts.

9.49 Caution.—Unmarked obstructions may be encountered inshore of the 20m curve between Singapore Approach Lighted

Buoy and Johor Shoal Lighted Buoy.

9.49 A disused ammunition dumping ground lies about 8 miles

ESE of the E extremity of Johor Shoal. Another disused dumping area lies about 4.5 miles SE of the same point.

9.49 Obstructions exist in Kuala Sungai Johor (1°20'N.,

104°05'E.) in the passage between Pulau Sajahat (1°24'N.,

104°01'E.) and Singapore Island. 

9.49 Malang Tiga Lighted Buoy, about 1 mile WSW of Tanjong

Batu Koyok (1°24'N., 104°02'E.) and marks the E side. 

9.49 Paku Lighted Buoy, about 1 mile W of the same point, marks

the W side of Johore Channel. 

Singapore Strait—East Entrance

9.50 The E entrance to the strait lies between Tanjong

Penyusop (1°22'N., 104°17'E.), off which are the Lima Islands, and Ramunia Shoals extending about 13 miles NE of the

point on the N, and Tanjong Berakit (1°14'N., 104°34'E.),

about 19 miles SE of Tanjong Penyusop on the S. 

9.50 Near the fairway between these points is Pedra Branca, with

a deep channel on either side.

9.50 The Lima Islands (1°22'N., 104°18'E.), together with many

dangers around and among them, front Tanjong Penyusop; they

extend nearly 3 miles in a NNE to SSW direction.

9.50 Pulau Lima (1°22'00"N., 104°17'42"E.), 34m high, is the

westernmost and largest of the group; it lies about 0.7 mile off

Tanjong Penyusop, is barely 183m in extent, and is conspicuously covered with trees. 

9.50 Pulau Besar, NE of Pulau Lima, is wooded and 27m high,

with the summit cleared, except for a single tree; it is about

137m in extent and located about 91m from Pulau Lima with

which it is connected by a ridge of rocks, drying at LW.

9.50 Pulau Mungging (1°21'45"N., 104°18'00"E.), about 0.3

mile SE of Pulau Lima, is 24m high, wooded, and, being the

southernmost of the group, is easily recognized. The island is

marked by a light and a racon, although the light structure is

difficult to see and is obscured by trees on N bearings. 

9.50 Dangerous wrecks lie 3.5 miles SW and 2.3 miles E of the

island. A stranded wreck lies 0.3 mile SE of the island.

9.50 Pulau Geruda (1°22'N., 104°18'E.), 32m high and covered

with trees, lies about 0.5 mile NE of Pulau Besar.

9.50 Lima Channel (1°21'N., 104°17'E.), between Tanjong

Penyusop and the Lima Islands, is used by coastal vessels, but

as it is narrow and encumbered by shoals, it should not be used

without local knowledge.

9.50 Tides—Currents.—In making Singapore Strait from the N,

vessels should always be prepared to meet with a current running to the S in the Northeast Monsoon, and the N in the opposite season, the strength of which is governed by the strength of

the monsoon. In fine weather its rate is usually from 1.5 to 2

knots, but the rapidity of the current is also accelerated or retarded by the tidal currents near the coast. 

9.50 Between Horsburgh Light (1°20'N., 104°24'E.) and a position 40 miles to the E it has been known to set at the rate of
144 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

from 3 to 4 knots.

9.50 In the neighborhood of Horsburgh Light, the main directions

of the current are NE and SW, the current being of similar type

to that found in the W approaches to Singapore and running at

about the same velocity; the NE current near Horsburgh Light

corresponds to the E current in the W approaches, but commences about 30 minutes later. 

9.50 No exact information regarding the duration of the NE current, or the commencement and duration of the SW current,

can be given.

9.50 The direction of the current is, for some hours before and after

slack water, considerably influenced by a cross current running

in a NW or SE direction; this current is of similar type to the

main current and commences to run to the NW about 5 hours 30

minutes before the commencement of the NE main current, but

its velocity is only about 0.3 that of the main current. It will be

seen that, as the currents are of diurnal type and as the times of

commencement of the NE and NW currents differ by about 5

hours 30 minutes, the cross current will be running at its greatest

velocity when the main current is slack, and vice versa.

9.50 The current near Horsburgh Light runs in the direction toward which the prevailing wind is blowing; the velocity may

reach 2 knots during gales or strong and long-continued monsoon winds, but during calms there may be no current.

9.50 From the above remarks it will be seen that near the summer

solstice, if strong SW winds occur at about the time when the

new moon is in maximum declination, a set of as much as 4

knots to the NE may be found during the period of the NE current, with no corresponding SW set; whereas near the winter

solstice, if strong NE winds occur at about the time when the

full moon is in maximum declination, a set to the SW of about

4 knots may be experienced during the period of the SW current, with no corresponding NE set.

9.50 It should be particularly remarked that, in Singapore Main

Strait generally, as in all places where the currents are of diurnal type, the strongest currents in each month occur a day or

two after the moon reaches maximum declination, not after

new or full moon, and the strongest currents of the year occur

near the solstices, when the moon is in maximum declination

near new and full moon, and the sun is also in maximum declination, not near the equinoxes.

9.51 A rock 3.7m high lies near the S end of Pulau Mungging (1°21'45"N., 104°18'00"E.), with a reef of straggling

rocks extending to the E.

9.51 A rock 0.6m high lies about 0.2 mile SW of Pulau Mungging

and a rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about 0.5 mile ESE

of the 0.6m rock. A rock, with a least depth of 2.7m, lies about

183m SW of the above 0.6m rock.

9.51 The southernmost danger of the Lima Islands is a rock with a

depth of 3.7m lying about 2 miles SSW of the summit of Pulau

Lima; a buoy lies close SW. A depth of 7.6m lies about 0.5

mile N of this rock.

9.51 Peak Rock (1°21'57"N., 104°18'24"E.), 11.3m high, is a

barren rock of reddish color and easily recognized; it lies about

0.6 mile E of Pulau Lima.

9.51 Stork Reef (1°21'36"N., 104°18'56"E.) is about 0.3 mile in

extent; it dries 0.9m and lies about 0.6 mile SE of Peak Rock.

9.51 Falloden Hall Shoal (1°21'04"N., 104°18'59"E.) is about

0.2 mile in extent, with a depth of 4.3m; it lies about 0.5 mile S

of Stork Reef and on the NW part of a bank about 2 miles in

extent, on which there are depths of 12.8 to 16.5m. 

9.51 The water over this bank becomes very disturbed and discolored when the tide is running, often giving the impression of

less water than actually exists. A stranded wreck is situated on

the shoal.

9.51 Congalton Skar (1°21'56"N., 104°19'20"E.), a rocky patch

with a depth of 1.2m, and steep-to, lies about 0.7 mile E of

Peak Rock. A shoal area, with a least depth of 8.5m, lies about

1.2 miles ENE of Congalton Skar.

9.51 Whale Rock (1°22'24"N., 104°18'54"E.), which dries 2.1m,

lies about 0.7 mile NE of Peak Rock; it is a small ledge on

which the sea generally breaks, and which is steep-to; the

depths around are irregular.

9.51 Jones Reef (1°22'30"N., 104°19'12"E.), with a least charted

depth of 1.2m, lies about 0.2 mile ENE of Whale Rock and

nearly 1 mile NE of Peak Rock.

9.51 North Rock (1°23'15"N., 104°18'21"E.), small, 10m high,

and with a few bushes on it, lies about 0.7 mile N of Pulau Geruda. 

9.51 A small barren rock, 0.3m high, lies about 0.3 mile SSW of

North Rock, with a patch of sunken rocks between them. A

reef, about 0.5 mile in extent, and with rocks which dry, lies

between Pulau Geruda and North Rock; there are several

patches between it and Pulau Geruda.

9.51 Between Jones Reef and North Rock are two shoals of 5.9m

and 6.9m; these are steep-to with depths of 12.8 to 16.5m of

water.

9.51 Caution.—An aircraft bombing range lies within a 1 mile

radius of North Rock.

9.52 Rumenia Shoal (Ramunia Shoals) (1°27'N.,

104°26'E.) are a number of detached patches of coarse sand

and gravel, extending NE and then N from the Lima Islands toward North Patch. They are steep-to on their E and S sides,

there being depths of 21.9 to 36.6m nearby; between the patches there are depths of over 11m. 

9.52 The shallowest spot, over which there is a depth of 4.6m, lies

about 5 miles NNW of Horsburgh Light (1°20'N., 104°24'E.).

The N extremity of the shoal lies about 11 miles NNE of Horsburgh Light. 

9.52 Rumenia Shoal is connected with North Patch by a ridge on

which the depths are 9.1 to 16.5m, with many isolated patches

of 6.4 to 9.1m; between Rumenia Shoal and the Lima Islands

are similar patches. Large vessels should pass E of this ridge

and North Patch.

9.52 The S part of the shoal is ridged with sandwaves, over which

the least depth may vary from time to time, and depths less

than charted may be encountered. The water over the shoal becomes very disturbed and discolored when the tide is running,

often giving the impression of less water than actually exists.

9.52 Several dangerous wrecks have been reported in the vicinity

of the charted Dumping Ground on Rumenia Shoal; the area

should be avoided by deep draft vessels.

9.52 North Patch (1°29'N., 104°27'E.), lying between 6.5 and 7.5

miles NE of the shallowest part of Rumenia Shoal, is a little

more than 11 miles in length, in a N-S direction, with depths of

6.4 to 8.5m. Its N end lies almost 12 miles E of Bukit Twatow

(1°30'N., 104°15'E.) and about 10.7 miles NNE of Horsburgh

Light.
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 145

Pub. 174

9.52 Eastern Bank (1°32'N., 104°31'E.), the outermost of the

known banks off Tanjong Penyusop in the approach to Singapore

Strait, is nearly 2 miles in extent, with depths of 18.3m at the extremities. Depths of 7.3 and 14.6m lie within the bank. The bank

itself lies about 6 miles within the range of Horsburgh Light,

which from its N edge bears SSW, distant 14 miles.

9.52 Caution.—It was reported at least one oil company recommends that VLCCs ensure that there be an underkeel clearance

of 4m in the area about 12 miles NE of Horsburgh Light due to

the possibility of an E swell on Eastern Bank.

9.52 A dangerous wreck was reported (2003) to lie 7 miles SE of

Eastern Bank. 

9.53 Pedra Branca (1°20'N., 104°24'E.), lying in the middle of the E entrance to Singapore Strait, 8 miles from either

shore, is about 7m high. It lies on the W edge of a bank with

depths of 11 to 18.3m, which extends about 0.7 mile E.

9.53 Horsburgh Light, a 22m high white round tower with black

bands, stands on the islet. A conspicuous lattice mast stands

close N of the light. The light is equipped with a racon; a radiobeacon transmits from the light.

9.53 A drying rock lies 0.3 mile ENE of the light. A steep-to 8.2m

patch lies about 0.4 mile N of the light.

9.53 A dangerous wreck is reported to lie about 1.7 mile NW of

the light.

9.53 Anchorage.—During the Southwest Monsoon, small vessels

can anchor, in a depth of 18.3m, hard bottom, good holding

ground, about 0.2 mile NNE of Horsburgh Light.

9.53 At this anchorage, during the E current, slack water continues; during the W current overfalls are not experienced until

the lighthouse bears about 192°.

9.53 Middle Rocks (1°19'N., 104°25'E.), S of Pedra Branca, are

of a whitish color, from 0.5 to 1.2m high, and stand on the S

edge of the surrounding bank, about 0.6 mile from the lighthouse.

9.54 South Ledge (Karang Selatin) (1°18'N., 104°24'E.)

consists of three rocks, the N of which dries 1.8m; the others

do not uncover. 

9.54 They are steep-to, with depths of 29 to 37m being contained

within a short distance, and are almost always marked by

heavy tide rips or the sea breaking over them. 

9.54 The N rock lies a little over 2 miles SSW of Horsburgh

Light. Rocky heads, having depths of 18.3m, lie between the

lighthouse and South Ledge.

9.54 Caution.—A dangerous wreck lies along the N ledge. 

9.54 Carter Shoal (1°16'N., 104°22'E.) is a pinnacle rock with a

depth of 3m; it is steep-to on its E side and has depths less than

18.3m extending from its W side for a distance of 91m. It is

marked by heavy overfalls. This rock lies about 5 miles SSW

of Horsburgh Light.

9.54 To the S of Carter Shoal, at a distance of nearly 1 mile, are

several coral patches covering an area of over 0.5 mile; the

least depth is 9.1m lying about 0.7 mile SSE of Carter Shoal.

9.54 A bank with depths of 16.5 to 18.3m, about 0.7 mile in extent, lies about 6 miles WSW of Horsburgh Light. It is marked

by overfalls and eddies. There are overfalls and eddies between

this bank and Carter Shoal.

9.54 An IMO-adopted Traffic Separation Scheme (TSS) is established in the vicinity of Horsburgh Light as part of the Routing

System in the Straits of Malacca and Singapore.

9.54 Depths—Limitations.—The significant depth in the westbound lane of the TSS at Horsburgh Light is 21m.

9.54 Directions.—Tanjong Stapa (1°20'N., 104°08'E.), in range

with Tanjong Ayam (1°20'N., 104°12'E.) bearing 274°, leads

S of all the dangers S of the Lima Islands.

9.54 The S extremity of Pulau Mungging, bearing 256° leads S of

Rumenia Shoal (1°27'N., 104°26'E.) and Horsburgh Light, in

range with the center of the W slope of Gunung Bintan-besar

(1°04'18"N., 104°27'27"E.), bearing 169° leads E of them in a

depth of about 11m, but a patch of 9.1m lies about 183m on

each side of this range line. 

9.54 Eddies bringing up sand and mud from the bottom make the

whole shoal quite visible and is disconcerting for a mariner using this range line, or the one for North Channel (1°30'N.,

104°23'E.) giving the impression that there is less water than

there really is. It is recommended only for light-draft vessels.

9.54 On Pulau Bintan, the W summit of Gunung Bintan-besar

(1°04'18"N., 104°27'27"E.), in range with the foot of the E

slope of Gunung Bintanketjil bearing 182°, leads E of North

Patch (1°29'N., 104°27'E.) and the shoals to the S, and between Eastern Bank (1°31'N., 104°31'E.) and North Patch.

9.54 In thick weather, the land is seldom obscured for any length

of time, so that a vessel is generally able to fix its position; but

if not able to do so the soundings will show whether the vessel

is within the 40m curve, which should be avoided, and course

altered as necessary to keep in the deep channel, passing in

preference over the 16.5m bank W of Horsburgh Light, and

avoiding the area within the 40m curve off the Lima Islands. 

9.54 If in any doubt, the vessel should haul toward the N shore, by

sounding, and anchor. This shore may be approached to depths

from 20.1 to 21.9m.

9.55 Middle Channel (1°21'N., 104°23'E.), the passage

generally used by vessels passing through the straits, has an average width of 4 miles between Horsburgh Light and the 20m

curve off Rumenia Shoal. There are no known dangers within

this area, but a vessel should, when approaching from the E,

steer so as to comply with the Traffic Separation Scheme. A

submarine cable lies in Middle Channel.

9.55 The entrance may be easily recognized, if the weather is

clear, by Gunung Bintan-Besar, a remarkable saddle-shaped

hill on Pulau Bintan and Bukit Pelali (1°24'N., 104°12'E.), the

sharp peaked hill on the opposite side of the strait. Bearings of

these objects will serve to determine the vessel’s position when

shaping a course to sight Horsburgh Light.

9.55 Directions.—Departing from Pulau Aur (2°26'N.,

104°32'E.), steer to bring it to bear 000° when disappearing; if

the weather is clear, Gunung Bintan-Besar and Pulau Aur may

be seen together, but this seldom happens. The W summit of

Gunung Bintan-Besar in range with the foot of the E slope of

Gunung Bintan-Ketjil, bearing 182°, leads nearly 1 mile E of

the 6.4m depth of North Patch.

9.55 In slightly hazy weather, having Pulau Aur disappearing

bearing about 000°, a course between 192° and 203° may be

required if the NE current is running out of the strait. 

9.55 The depths will decrease regularly in steering S, and the low

land will probably be seen to the W when in depths of 32.9 to

36.6m; if so, steer along the coast at a distance of about 13
146 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

miles, until Bukit Twatow (1°30'N., 104°15'E.), a low sloping

hill, is discerned, appearing like a clump of trees more elevated

than the others. 

9.55 When this hill bears 248°, a depth of 27.4m is the best track;

with it bearing 265°, overfalls in 29.3 to 23.8m of water may be

experienced, or probably less water, the vessel being then on

about the parallel of the North Patch and Eastern Bank.

9.55 If there is any doubt about the position, the vessel should either haul off into deep water or anchor.

9.55 With Bukit Twatow bearing 265°, if depths of 14.6 to 18.3m

are obtained, and being uncertain whether these soundings are

near the North Patch, or on the shallow part of Eastern Bank,

haul to the SE until in 25.6 to 18.3m. 

9.55 Then steer 180° until the hill bears 270°, when the vessel

will be to the S of Eastern Bank, and may haul in 248°, when

depths of 18.3 to 20.1m will show that these soundings are on

the outer edge of Rumenia Shoal.

9.55 If less than 18.3m is obtained, haul out directly E into depths

of 27.4 to 29.3m, and then steer along the SE edge of the shoals

in depths of 29.3 to 31.1m. 

9.55 A course should be steered to make Horsburgh Light, bearing about 205°, distant about 6 miles. This is the start of the

Traffic Separation Scheme.

9.55 At night it is necessary to keep a good outlook for Horsburgh Light (1°20'N., 104°24'E.), which should be in sight before a vessel can get near the dangers at the entrance of the

strait. It is a sufficient guide for navigating Middle Channel.

9.55 The light bearing about 215° will lead well E of the ridge between Rumenia Shoal and North Patch.

9.55 In the event of the lights in and around the Inner Harbor not

being distinctly made out by the time Bukit Pengerang

(1°23'N., 104°06'E.) bears 012°, care is necessary not to sail in

depths of less than 29m toward Johor Shoal; if a depth of

18.3m is obtained the course should be altered quickly to the S,

for this shoal is steep-to and cannot be approached with safety

under that depth.

9.56 South Channel (1°16'N., 104°25'E.) is not recommended for deep draft vessels, and there is no advantage

gained by using it. Generally, South Channel is cluttered with

several dangerous shoals; the bottom generally rocky and uneven. The principal dangers are South Ledge (1°18'N.,

104°24'E.) and Carter Shoal (1°16'N., 104°22'E.), both previously described in paragraph 9.54.

9.56 If a vessel find itself in the South Channel, the vessel should

steer to the NW along the line of Bukit Pelali (1°24'N.,

104°12'E.) open W of the highest coast hill, bearing 303°,

which leads between Carter Shoal and South Ledge in not less

than 18.3m; when Horsburgh Light bears between 076° and

084° a vessel may shape course within the Traffic Separation

Scheme for Singapore Road. 

9.56 At LW, when both South Ledge and Middle Rocks (1°19'N.,

104°25'E.) are plainly visible, it is often preferable to pass between them instead of getting on to the range line just mentioned, especially when, as frequently happens, rain clouds

obscure Bukit Pelali. Submarine cables lie in South Channel.

9.57 North Channel (1°30'N., 104°23'E.), lying between

Rumenia Shoal and the dangers outlying the Lima Islands, has

a fairway with more than 11m. The channel is encumbered at

its S end with shoals, with depths from 5.2 to 10m. The lack of

good aids to navigation requires great care in maintaining a position in the fairway. Vessels without local knowledge should

use this passage during daylight only, and with caution.

9.57 Caution.—Mariners are warned that North Channel should

not be used for navigation, as no advantage is gained by passing through it, and it is possible that more dangers exist there

than are shown on the chart.

9.57 Mariners are warned that firing and bombing practices take

place in the following areas:

Johor Strait

9.58 Johor Strait (1°28'N., 103°50'E.), the channel between Singapore Island and the Malay Peninsula, was formerly

the passage by which all vessels proceeded between India and

China when Singapore Main Strait presently in use was not

known to be navigable. There is no passage through except for

small craft on account of the railway causeway E of Johor Baharu (1°28'N., 103°46'E.).

1. Singapore (China Sea) North Range comprises all that

area of the high seas within 5 miles of position 1°35'N,

104°25'E, and position 1°50'N, 104°25'E, and within 5 miles

of a line joining these positions.

2. Singapore (China Sea) South Range comprises all that

area within 4 miles of Tanjong Punggai (1°26'N.,

104°18'E.).

Numerous uncharted stilt houses and boat houses protrude

into Johor Strait, especially in the vicinity of Serangoon Harbor (1°24'N., 103°57'E.).

9.58 Considerable reclamation has been carried out off Tanjong

Gul and along the coast for about 4 miles NW to Tanjong

Karang (1°20'42"N., 103°38'18"E.).

9.58 The Tuas Shipyard (1°18'N., 103°39'E.) has two dry docks,

the largest of which can accommodate a vessel of up to

330,300 dwt; this dry dock is 355m long, 60m wide, and has a

sill depth of 9.4m. The shipyard has six repair berths, with a total length of 1,690m and alongside depths of 6 to 8.5m. The

shipyard is approached from the SE via Tuas Channel, which

has a least depth of 5.5m.

Johor Strait—West Entrance

9.59 The W approach is barred by a sand bank which

stretches across from Tanjong Pia ( 1°16'N., 103°31'E.) to

Tanjong Gul (1°18'N., 103°40'E.), with depths under 5m. A

narrow channel, with a least depth of about 6.1m, is shown on

the chart S and E of Pulau Merambong (1°19'N., 103°37'E.).

9.59 Vessels drawing more than 5.5m or exceeding 106m in

length should not use the W entrance. From Tanjong Piai to

Tanjong Kupang, about 7 miles NE, the coast on the W side of

the entrance is low with no conspicuous features.

9.59 The Sungai Pulai (1°20'N., 103°33'E.) flows out between

Tanjong Bin, about 4.8 miles NNE of Tanjong Piai, and Tanjong Kupang. 

9.59 The N shore of the entrance to the river W of Tanjong

Kupang is reported composed of mud and sand backed by

mangroves. 

9.59 There is a depth of 16.5m in the narrows at the entrance to

the river, but there is a bar across it to the S and entrance should
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 147

Pub. 174

not be attempted without local knowledge. 

9.59 Tanjong Kupang (1°21'N., 103°36'E.) can be identified by a

red-roofed building standing close W of the point.

9.60 Tanjung Pelepas (1°22'N., 103°33'E.), a new port in

the SW part of Malaysia, lies about 8 miles W of Singapore, on

the W side of Johor Strait at the mouth of the Sungai Pilai. The

port opened in March, 2000. The Port of Tanjung Pelepas is being developed in five phases and is expected to be completed

by 2020.

9.60 Depths—Limitations.—The port is approached from a position in the Cross Traffic Area on the Traffic Separation

Scheme S of Tanjung Piai (1°15.9'N., 106°30.6'E.) and entered through a channel dredged to a depth of 14m. The channel is marked by lighted buoys, the centerline of which is

marked by range lights. The channel can handle two-way traffic.

9.60 There are a total of eight berths available, with depths of

15m alongside. Each berth has a length of 360m.

9.60 Berth 9 and Berth 10 should be completed by the end of

2007. These berths are scheduled to accommodate vessels up

to 250,000 dwt, with a maximum draft of 19m.

9.60 The turning basin has a width of 600m. 

9.60 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory within port limits and is

available 24 hours. The pilot boards about 2 miles SE of Tanjung Piai. Vessels awaiting pilotage may anchor 1 mile E of the

pilot station. Port Control monitors VHF channel 83.

9.60 Anchorage.—There are two designated anchorage areas,

best seen on the chart, as follows:

1. General Purposes Anchorage—3.5 miles E of Tanjung Piai.

2. Explosives and Hazardous Cargo Anchorage—4.5

miles E of Tanjung Piai.

9.60 Anchorage is prohibited within the port area outside the designated anchorages.

9.61 North of Tanjung Kupang is a range of hills, the highest of which is Woody Hill; it is conspicuous and is 119m high

to the tops of the trees on its summit. Bukit Kupang, 84m high,

stands about 0.4 mile NNW of Woody Hill. Sentinel Hill, 58m

high, well-wooded and conspicuous, rises about 0.8 mile SW

of Woody Hill. On the E side of the entrance to the strait are

similar but lower hills; many of these hills are cleared, but

those near the coast are densely wooded.

9.61 From close E of Pulau Merambong, the most conspicuous

landmarks are Woody Hill and a conspicuous 29m high hill on

the N side of the entrance to the Sungai Pendas (1°23'N.,

103°38'E.).

9.61 Tanjong Teritip (1°18'N., 103°40'E.), a low point with coconut palms, lies about 0.6 mile NW of Tanjong Gul.

9.61 Tanjong Iluas (1°19'N., 103°39'E.) lies about 1 mile NW of

Tanjung Pelepas

Port of Tanjung Pelepas

http://www.ptp.com.my
148 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

Tanjong Teritip.

9.61 Alert Shoal (1°17'N., 103°37'E.), with a depth of 4.9m, lies

close SW of the reclaimed land in the vicinity of Tanjung Gul

and is marked by a light on its W edge.

9.61 Pulau Merambong (1°19'N., 103°37'E.), marked by a light,

is an islet 23m high to the tops of the trees. A ridge, which dries

in places, extends about 2 miles NNE of the islet. Kolek Rocks, a

group of drying boulders, lie about 0.2 mile NE of the islet.

9.62 West Reach (1°20'N., 103°37'E.) extends from Pulau

Merambong to the entrance of the Sungai Perfat (1°26'N.,

103°41'E.), on the W side of the strait, about 9 miles NNE. In

places the channel is narrow and intricate, and great care is

necessary, since the current is strong and the shoals numerous,

the least depth in the reach is 5.5m about 0.5 mile above Kolek

Rocks.

9.62 The W shore of the strait between Tanjong Kutang and the

entrance to the Sungai Pendas (1°23'N., 103°38'E.), 2.8 miles

NE, is composed of mud and sand, backed by mangroves.

9.62 Tanjong Karang (1°20'42"N., 103°38'18"E.), the N entrance point of Sungai Blukang, is a narrow promontory, with a

red cliff, 7.6m high on its W face. A drying rocky patch lies 0.3

mile N of the point. A buoy is situated about 0.3 mile NW of

the point.

9.62 Tanjong Pasir Laba (1°21'24"N., 103°38'36"E.) lies about

0.7 mile NNE of Tanjong Karang; the headland is bare and rises on its N face to a white cliff with an elevation of 17m. 

9.62 The hills E of the point art densely wooded. The entrance to

the Sungai Tengeh lies between the two points. 

9.62 Foul ground, with depths of less than 5.5m, extends about

0.2 mile from the shore at a point about 0.3 mile NE of Tanjong

Pasir Laba.

9.62 The hills in the SW part of Singapore Island are conspicuous.

Bukit Chao Kang, a cleared hill 87m high, rises about 3 miles E

of Tanjong Pasir Laba.

Tanjong Chenting (Tanjong Bajau) (1°22'N., 103°39'E.)

lies about 1 mile NE of Tanjong Pasir Laba. It is a red cliff 7m

high, with the entrance to the Sungai Bajau lying between the

two points; the shore of the bay has some low, red cliffs. 

9.62 A 3.5m patch lies about 0.3 mile N of Tanjong Chenting; this

patch nearly joins a long sand spit which fronts the shore between the Sungai Berih and Pulau Pergam.

Tanjong Berih (Tanjong Skopek) (1°23'N., 103°40'E.) lies

about 0.7 mile NE of Tanjong Chenting, with the entrance to

the Sungai Berih lying between the two points.

9.62 Tanjong Murai (1°24'33"N., 103°40'01"E.) lies about 2

miles NNE of Tanjong Berih. Bukit Pergam, 85m high, is a

fairly conspicuous bare hill located about 0.6 mile E of Tanjong Murai.

9.63 Pulau Pergam (1°24'N., 103°40'E.), about 21m high,

lies on a mud bank on the E side of the strait about 1.7 miles N

of Tanjong Berih. Lucy Rock (1°24'N., 103°39'E.), with a

depth of 5m, lies in the center of the fairway about 0.3 mile

WSW of Pulau Pergam, a buoy lies close SW of the rock.

9.63 Tanjong Gedong (1°25'32"N., 103°40'34"E.) lies about 1.2

miles NNE of Tanjong Murai; the coast between the two points

is steep-to. 

9.63 In Putri Narrows (1°26'N., 103°41'E.), from Tanah

Runtoh (Tanjong Tebing Runtoh) (1°25'22"N., 103°40'12"E.)

for a distance of about 1.7 miles NE to a point about 0.3 mile

beyond Tanjong Setajam (Tanjong Tajam) (1°26'36"N.,

103°41'28"E.), on the N side of the strait, the bottom is very

foul and great caution is necessary.

9.63 Three channels are reported to lead through the Putri Narrows, as follows:

1. North Channel is considered the most direct and the

easiest but should not be used by vessels with a draft of

greater than 4.3m.

2. Middle Channel is considered the principal channel. It

is narrow and tortuous, but has the greatest depth in it..

3. South Channel is a channel that is not recommended.

9.63 On the W side of the strait at Tanah Runtoh are 61m high

cliffs. There is a jetty close S of the point, with a village 0.4

mile N of the point. 

9.63 A white bungalow with a red roof, and with a jetty near it, is

situated about 0.5 mile NNE of the point.

9.63 Bukit Tajam (Bukit Setajam), 44m high and cultivated, rises

about 0.6 mile ENE of Tanjong Anak Datok (1°26'N.,

103°41'E.), the E entrance point of the Sungai Perfat, and is a

prominent landmark.

9.63 Caution.—Between Tanjong Setajam and Pulau Sarimbun,

about 0.5 mile SSW, confused eddies exist. Currents up to 3.5

knots can be expected.

9.63 An ammunition dumping ground is situated about 0.2 mile

SE of Tanjong Setajam.

9.64 The entrance area going into the Sungai Karang

(1°25'26"N., 103°40'40"E.), on the E shore lies close N of Tanjong Gedong, and about 0.5 mile farther NE is the entrance to

the Sungai Sarimbun (1°25'54"N., 103°41'12"E.).

9.64 Pulau Sarimbun (1°26'04"N., 103°41'12"E.), 39m high to

the tops of the trees and densely wooded, lies on the S side of

the strait, close off the mouth of the Sungai Sarimbun. 

9.64 Foul ground extends 91m SE and 137m E, respectively, from

the island. 

9.64 Batu Addis, with a depth of 1.2m, lies close to the end of the

latter foul ground, but elsewhere the island is steep-to.

9.64 May Rock (1°26'N., 103°41'E.), with a depth of 5.5m, lies

about 0.3 mile W of Pulau Sarimbun.

9.64 Sarimbun Rocks, two drying patches, lie on an extensive area of foul ground NE of Pulau Sarimbun. The W rock is

marked by a beacon while the E patch is marked S by a buoy. 

9.64 An isolated rocky patch, with a depth of 3.2m, lies about 0.1

mile NE of the beacon.

9.64 An ammunition dumping ground, 179 with a radius of 114m,

lies with its center about 0.3 mile ENE of the beacon.

9.64 Herald Rock, with 5m, lies 0.3 mile E of Pulau Sarimbun

and 160m from the S shore of Johore Strait.

9.64 Horseshoe Reef, over which there are depths of 3.2 to 5m; is

a narrow ridge of rocks extending across the middle of Johor

Strait near the NE end of Sarimbun Rocks. 

9.64 Between the N end of this reef and the N end of the strait are

several patches with depths of 3.8 to 5m.

9.64 The Sungai Melaya (1°27'N., 103°42'E.) flows into the NW

side of the strait. On Tanjong Melaya (1°27'N., 103°42'E.),

the SW entrance point of the river, there is a cliff 6m high, and

a village. 

9.64 Pulau Buloh (1°27'N., 103°44'E.) lies at the mouth of the

Sungai Buloh, on the SE side of the strait about 2 miles E of
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 149

Pub. 174

Tanjong Melaya.

9.65 Town Reach (1°26'N., 103°44'E.) extends from Putri

Narrows E to the causeway. About 1.2 miles ENE of the Sungai Melaya is Tanjung Danga (1°28'N., 103°43'E.), on which

there is a bungalow and a pier that dries. Tanjong Danga is the

S and W entrance points, respectively of the Sungai Danga and

the Sungai Sekudai.

9.65 An extensive bank, with depths of less than 5.5m and on

which there is a drying patch, extends across the mouth of the

Sungai Danga; the channel into the Sungai Sekudai is well over

on the E shore.

9.65 The land on the N side of Town Reach, E of the Sungai

Sekudai, is from 37 to 61m high, and consists of two ranges of

hills, on which are the houses and bungalows of the residents

of Johor Bahru. 

9.65 The most conspicuous object in Johor Strait is the tower of

the government offices, 88m high, standing about 0.5 mile

WNW of the N end of The Causeway; this tower can be seen

from a great distance. 

9.65 Other conspicuous objects on the N shore are the two white

water towers; the mosque, with four domes, about 0.5 mile W

of the government office tower; and the tower of the Sultan’s

Palace. A hotel lies about 0.8 mile WNW of the mosque; close

W of the hotel is the wharf of the Marine Department Depot.

9.65 On the S side of the strait, between Tanjong Buloh (1°27'N.,

103°44'E.) and the mouth of the Sungai Kranji (Kranji Reservoir) (1°26'21"N., 103°44'33"E.), about 0.7 mile SE, the shore

is bordered by dense mangroves and swamps.

9.65 The mouth of the Sungai Kranji is closed by a dam, within

which is a reservoir.

9.65 Kampong Kranji (1°26'09"N., 103°45'30"E.) stands about

1 mile ESE of the mouth of the Sungai Kranji.

9.65 Woodlands (1°27'N., 103°46'E.), about 1.2 miles NE of Kampong Kranji, is situated at the S end of the causeway. The

land in the vicinity has been partly cleared. 

9.65 The railway station is situated very close to The Causeway

area. There is a village close SW of the railway station.

9.65 The Causeway, which extends across the strait close E of Johor Baharu, carries the railroad and highway. A lock at the N

end of The Causeway is closed to navigation.

9.65 Shoals, with depths of 10.7 and 11m, lie about 0.6 mile and

0.5 mile WSW, respectively, of the Marine Department Depot. 

9.66 Causeway Shoal (1°27'N., 103°45'E.), with a least

depth of 4.3m, lies in mid-channel S of Istana Garden. 

9.66 The E end of the shoal is connected to the N shore of Johor

Strait by a spit, which has depths of 4 to 7m. A 4.9m patch lies

about 0.2 mile W of the N end of The Causeway; a 6.4m rocky

patch lies about 183m W of the S part of The Causeway.

9.66 Tides—Currents.—In Johor Strait, before the construction of

The Causeway, the tidal currents were mainly diurnal, as in the

approach to Singapore, but they are now mainly semi-diurnal. 

9.66 Slack water generally occurs four times in each lunar day

and the greatest variations in rate follow the moon’s phases.

9.66 Owing to the number of sizable rivers flowing into the strait,

the rate of the ebb current is increased, and the flood current

decreased, during and after heavy rains.

9.66 The ebb current runs from about 1 hour after HW at Singapore until about 5 hours before the following HW, at an average maximum rate of 1.6 knots at springs and 0.8 at neaps. 

9.66 The flood current runs from about 5 hours before HW at Singapore until about 1 hour after HW, at an average maximum

rate of 1.4 at springs and 0.7 knots at neaps. 

9.66 No appreciable differences were found in the rates of the

current at the two positions where observations were obtained. 

9.66 In Town Reach the rate of the current, especially if the flood,

decreases as the causeway is approached.

9.66 Pilotage.—Pilots can be obtained at Singapore, but their

knowledge of the W portion of Johor Strait is limited.

9.66 Directions.—Directions for North Channel and Middle

Channel are, as follows:

1. Middle Channel.—After passing Tanah Runtoh, keep

slightly over to the NW side of the strait and bring Sarimbun Rocks Beacon (about 1°26'18"N., 103°41'24"E.) in line

with Johor water tower bearing 058°. 

Steer on this line until abreast Pulau Sarimbun, then alter

course to 093°, to pass S of Sarimbun buoy, allowing for the

tidal current. 

When the S point of Pulau Sarimbun bears 239° and is just

open of the land on the Singapore Island side SW of it, alter

course to 060° to clear Horseshoe Reef.

After passing Horseshoe Reef, alter course to the N and

steer for the water tower, bearing 060°, until the Sultan’s

bungalow on Tanjong Danga (1°28'N., 103°43'E.) bears

348°, then haul gradually to the E and steer 103° for the S

part of the causeway, anchoring off the Istana.

2. North Channel.—Follow directions for Middle Channel until clear of May Rock (1°26'06"N., 103°40'52"E.),

then haul to the N, and pass midway between Sarimbun

Rocks Beacon and Tanjong Setajam (1°26'36"N.,

103°41'28"E.), with the water tower bearing 059°. Caution is

necessary to guard against a set toward the foul ground to the

S.

9.66 Anchorage.—Anchorage may be obtained anywhere in Johor Strait S of Tanah Runtoh, except that near Pulau Merambong, there is at times a heavy sea.

9.66 The holding ground is generally good, consisting of stiff

mud and sand. 

9.66 Anchorage between Tanah Runtoh (1°25'22"N.,

103°40'12"E.) and Horseshoe Reef (1°26'N., 103°41'E.) is not

recommended, but farther E it can be obtained anywhere in

stiff mud.

9.66 A convenient anchorage to Johor Baharu is in 13.7m, about

0.1 mile S of the Istana. Anchorage should not be made E of this

point, because of eddies and tide rips made by the causeway.

9.66 Caution.—The directions for the W portion of Johor Strait,

described above, should be used with caution. It was reported

that the range marks are no longer visible.

Johor Strait—East Entrance

9.67 This entrance between Tanjong Changi (1°23'N.,

104°00'E.) and Tanjong Kopok, about 3 miles N, is divided into two channels by Pulau Ubin. Serangoon Harbor, the S channel, is deeper and better. Nenas Channel is the N channel. 

9.67 That part of Johor Strait between Tanjung Punggol and the

mouth of the Sungai Tebrau is known as Tebrau Reach. From

there to The Causeway, it is known as Ordnance Reach.

9.67 The general harbor area between the E entrance point of Jo-
150 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

hor Strait N and W to The Causeway, which includes Naval

Dockyard, Nenas Channel, Serangoon Harbor, Tebrau Reach,

and Ordnance Reach, is known as Port of Singapore North.

9.67 Pulau Ubin (1°25'N., 103°58'E.), the island that divides the

E entrance to Johor Strait into two channels, has a length of 4

miles in an E and W direction and a maximum width of 1 mile.

The island consists of hills, most of which are thickly wooded,

fronted and intersected by extensive mangrove swamps. The

soil on the high parts of the island has a red color. 

9.67 Nenas Channel (1°25'N., 103°58'E.), located on the N side

of Pulau Ubin, is entered from the E between Tanjung Balai,

the NE extremity of Pulau Ubin, and Tanjung Kopok, about 1.2

miles NE. Foul ground, with depths of as little as 3.9m, extends

up to about 0.3 mile NNE of Tanjung Balai.

9.67 Henderson Shoal (1°25'N., 103°59'E.), with a least depth of

6.7m, lies NW of Tanjung Balai.

9.68 Pulau Nenas (1°25.6'N., 103°58.7'E.), on the N side

of the channel, 1.3 miles W of Tanjung Kopok, is intersected

with granite quarries and becomes conspicuous from the SE

when it opens clear of the NE point of Pulau Ubin, because of

the red soil covering the quarry.

9.68 A drying bank extends about 0.2 mile E of Pulau Nenas; at

its outer end is a rock 0.9m high. Drying rocks also lie close off

the SW side of the island.

9.68 Dawes Rock, which dries, is located on a sunken coral reef

about 2 miles W of Pulau Nenas and about 0.1 mile off the N

shore. The rock is marked by a light.

9.68 Tanjung Gemok (1°26'N., 103°56'E.), the N point of The

Narrows, is located about 2.2 miles W of Pulau Nenas. The

point, with a conspicuous red cliff on its W side, rises steeply

to a round hill 18m high to the tops of the trees.

9.68 An obstruction, with 9.1m, lies about 0.5 mile SE of Tanjung

Gemok. 

9.68 Tanjung Tajam (1°25'N., 103°56'E.), the W extremity of

Pulau Ubin, is marked by a lighted beacon.

9.68 Fan Shoal (1°26'N., 103°56'E.) extends from the NW side of

Pulau Ubin across the W end of Nenas Channel. Depths of less

than 5.5m, with a small drying patch, extend up to 0.3 mile

NW of Tanjung Tajam. There are general depths of 7.3 to 9.1m

on the shoal, except for a 5.5m patch lying in mid-channel on

the E end of the shoal.

9.68 Directions.—If entering Johor Strait through Nenas Channel, steer 340° for Tanjung Kopok, which leads to the entrance

of Nemas Channel. Pass N of Henderson Shoal and then keep

in mid-channel, passing S of Dawes Rock and Tanjung Gemok.

The N side of Pulau Ubin is marked by four beacons, the positions of which may best be seen on the chart.

9.68 Caution.—Fishing stakes are reported in both entrances to

Nemas Channel. Shoaling has also been reported in both entrances.

9.69 Serangoon Harbor—North shore.—Tanjung Chek

Jawa (1°25'N., 104°00'E.), the SE extremity of Pulau Ubin, is

the N entrance point of Serangoon Harbor. The point is marked

by a light; a beacon stands 183m SE of the light.

9.69 Pulau Sekudu, a 5.5m high rocky islet with some bushes on

it, lies on a drying reef about 0.2 mile SW of Tanjung Chek Jawa. Malang Papan, a drying rock marked close SW by a light,

lies about 0.1 mile S of Pulau Sekudu.

9.69 Tanjung Jelutong (1°24'N., 103°57'E.), the E point of the S

entrance to Ketam Channel, lies about 2 miles ESE of Tanjung

Chek Jawa. 

9.69 Squance Bank (1°24'N., 103°58'E.), on which there is a

least depth of 1.4m and which is marked close S by a lighted

buoy, extends S and then E of Tanjung Jelutong.

9.69 Pulau Ketam (1°24'N., 103°51'E.), a mangrove island about

18m high to the tops of the trees, is separated from the SW side

of Pulau Ubin by Ketam Channel. Both entrances to Ketam

Channel are obstructed by bars with depths of 3 to 4m.

9.69 Off the NW side of Pulau Ketam, drying rocks form the SE

edge of the N entrance to Ketam Channel; drying rocks extend

0.2 mile offshore from the NW edge of the channel.

9.69 The N shore of Serangoon Harbor continues 1.5 miles NW

from the NW end of Pulau Ketam to Tanjung Tajam. The drying mud flats and reefs along this stretch of shoreline may best

be seen on the chart.

9.69 Caution.—There is considerable shoal water on the N side

of the E entrance of Serangoon Harbor, formed by a bank extending E from the E end of Pulau Ubin. Depths of 1.8m and

less extend 0.5 mile E of Tanjung Chak Jawa.

9.70 Serangoon Harbor—South shore.—Tanjung

Changi (1°23'N., 104°00'E.) is the S point of the E entrance to

Serangoon Harbor.

9.70 Fairy Point (1°23'N., 103°58'E.) is located about 2 miles W

of Tanjung Changi. A conspicuous water tower, 38m high, and

from which four red lights are shown, stands about 0.7 mile

SSW of Fairy Point. 

9.70 A conspicuous radio tower stands on a hilltop about 0.4 mile

E of Fairy Point; a radar scanner stands on another hilltop

about 0.2 mile further E.

9.70 Batu Puteh, marked by a light, is a group of gray granite

rocks, about 2.4m high, lying about 0.1 mile NNW of Fairy

Point. The rocks have deep water around and between them. 

9.70 Two drying rocks, about 46m apart, are located about 0.1

mile SSE of Batu Puteh.

9.70 Tidal currents, especially E, are strong in the vicinity of Batu

Puteh.

9.70 In Serangoon Harbor (1°24'N., 103°57'E.) (World Port Index No. 49995), there are depths of at least 12.8m. The fairway

has a least width of 0.2 mile and as much as about 0.4 mile between the 10m curves.

9.70 Loyang Jetty extends about 0.2 mile NNW from a position

on shore about 0.5 mile SW of Fairy Point. There are depths of

7.2 to 8.1m at its head. There are depths of 6.6m and 5.7m on

the N and S sides of the inner arm, respectively. Numerous

small craft moorings lie in the vicinity of the jetty.

9.70 From Loyang Jetty, an extensive bank, which contains many

obstructions, foul areas, marine farms, and other hazards to

navigation which are best seen on the chart, extends W and

then NW to Tanjung Punggol. On this bank, extending 1.5

miles SE from Tanjung Punggol, is a strip of reclaimed land.

9.70 Serangoon Harbor affords excellent anchorage in any convenient depth. The holding ground is stiff mud.

9.71 Tebrau Reach (1°28'N., 103°51'E.) is E of a line

joining Tanjung Punggol to Pulau Tukang, about 0.7 mile

NNE. A least depth of 11.3m can be carried from abreast Tanjung Punggol to The Causeway. 
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 151

Pub. 174

9.71 The W part of this reach, W of the entrance to the Sungai

Tebrau (1°29'N., 103°48'E.), is known as Ordnance Reach.

9.71 Pasir Gudang Port (Johor Port) (1°26'N., 103°54'E.) is located on the N side of Tebrau Reach. 

9.71 Depths—Limitations.—The depth in the main channel E of

Johor Straits permits a maximum draft of 11.6m.

9.71 There is no limitation imposed on the size of vessels passing

through the fairway except the draft. The main channel in the East

Johor Strait has a depth of water up to approximately 12.5m. 

9.71 The port covers over an area of more than 500 acres and is surrounded by a vast industrial complex.

9.71 The two coastal berths have a total length of 220m, with

alongside depths of 5.5m, and can accommodate vessels up to

20,000 dwt.

9.71 The two general cargo berths have a total length of 732m,

with an alongside depth of 11m, and can accommodate vessels

up to 30,000 dwt.

9.71 The Container Terminal situated at the W end of the port has

three berths. The berths, numbered CT1 through CT3, are

253m in length and have an alongside depth of 15m. Each can

accommodate vessels up to 140,000 dwt.

9.71 The Hazardous Bulk Liquid Terminal lies close SE of the

container terminal. The berths, numbered DCJ 1 through DCJ

4, range from 105 to 405m in length and have alongside depths

of 9 to 13m. 

Serangoon Harbor—Loyang Jetty

Johor Port
152 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.71 The Edible Oil Terminal lies close E of the hazardous cargo

jetty and has four berths. The berths, numbered OJT 1 through

OJT 4, range from 130 to 215m in length and have alongside

depths of 10 to 11m.

9.71 Situated between the Edible Oil Terminal and the Multipurpose Terminal is the Dry Bulk Terminal. The terminal has three

berths, numbered W3 through W6, and have lengths ranging

from 192 to 217m. There depths from 12.7 to 13.0m alongside.

9.71 The Dry Bulk Berth is 410m long, with an alongside depth

of 12.8m, and can accommodate vessels up to 60,000 dwt.

9.71 The Oil Berth has an outer face, 179m long with 9m alongside, and an inner face, 179m long with about 11m alongside.

Tankers up to 30,000 dwt can be accommodated.

9.71 The Dangerous Cargo Jetty is 216m long, with 11m alongside, and can accommodate vessels up to 35,000 dwt.

9.71 The Setia Jaya Woodchip Jetty is 200m long, with a depth of

10.8m alongside.

9.71 The Sultan Iskander Power Station Jetty is 250m long, with a

depth of 11.3m alongside.

9.71 The Malaysia Shipbuilding Drydock, close NW of the Power

Plant Jetty, can accommodate a vessel of up to 400,000 grt.

9.71 Pilotage.—Pilotage is compulsory for vessels over 45m in

length and is available 24 hours. Pilotage exemption may be

granted to vessels over 45m by application to the Marine Manager. All vessels are required to notify the port authority 24

hours before arrival at the pilot station. Pilot boards 2 miles

SW of Tanjung Setapa Light.

9.72 Tanjung Punggol (1°25'N., 103°55'E.) is marked

close N by a light. The remains of a conspicuous building stand

about 0.7 mile W of the point.

9.72 The tidal range of Tanjung Punggol is 2.5m at springs and

0.9m at neaps.

9.72 A bay is formed on the S shore of Tebrau Reach from Tanjong Punggol to a point about 4 miles NW. 

9.72 Pulau Seletar (1°26'N., 103°52'E.), a mangrove island about

24m high to the tops of the trees, lies at the NW end of the bay.

From the NE side of the island, Alang Perimbi, a narrow shoal

of sand and mud, which dries in places, extends SE to within 1

mile of Tanjong Punggol and fronts the bay.

9.72 Tides—Currents.—In Johor Strait before the construction

of the causeway, the tidal currents were mainly diurnal, as in

the approach to Singapore, but they are now mainly semi-diurnal. Slack water occurs about four times in each lunar day and

the greatest variations in rate follow the moon’s phases.

9.72 Owing to the number of sizable rivers flowing into the strait,

the rate of the ebb current is increased, and that of the flood

current decreased, during and after heavy rains.

9.72 Calder Harbor, in mid-channel off Tanjong Pengelih

(1°22'N., 104°06'E.), the ebb current runs from about the time

of HW at Singapore until about 6.2 hours after HW, at an average maximum rate of about 1.2 knots. The flood current runs

from about 6.2 hours after HW until the time of the following

HW at an average maximum rate of about 1 knot.

9.72 The Sungai Johor, in mid-channel between Tanjong Surat

(1°28'N., 104°02'E.) and the shoal W, the ebb current runs

from about 30 minutes after HW at Singapore until about 5

hours 30 minutes before the following HW at an average maximum rate of about 1.2 knots. The flood current runs from about

5 hours 30 minutes before HW until 30 minutes after HW at an

average maximum rate of 1 knot.

9.72 In Kuala Johore, in a position about 2 miles WSW of Tanjong Pengelih, the tidal current is chiefly rectilinear. The ebb

current runs SE from about 30 minutes after until about 5 hours

before HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate of about 1.2

knots at springs and 0.7 knot at neaps is reached about 4 hours

after HW at Tebrau Reach. 

9.72 The flood current runs NW from about 5 hours before until

about 30 minutes after HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate

of about 1.3 knots at springs and 0.7 knot at neaps is reached

Pasir Gudang Port (Johor Port)—Berthing 

Limitations 

Berth

Maximum 

vessel

length

Depth 

alongside Vessel size

Container Terminal

CT1 253m 15.0m 104,000 dwt

CT2 253m 15.0m 104,000 dwt

CT3 253m 15.0m 104,000 dwt

Hazardous Liquids Bulk Terminal

DCJ1 200m 11.0m 40,000 dwt

DCJ2 105m 9.0m 7,000 dwt

DCJ3 405m 13.0m 120,000 dwt

DCJ4 240m 13.0m 95,000 dwt

Edible Oil Terminal

OJT1 215m 11.0m 32,000 dwt

OJT2 215m 10.0m 2,660

OJT3 195m 11.0m 53,300

OJT4 130m 10.0m 2,660

Dry BulkTerminal

W4 192m 12.7m 78,000 dwt

W5 217m 12.9m 78,000 dwt

W6 214m 13.0m 78,000 dwt

Multipurpose Terminal

W7 195m 12.8m 80,000 dwt

W8 195m 13.5m 80,000 dwt

W9 195m 13.5m 80,000 dwt

W10 195m 13.5m 80,000 dwt

W11S 230m 11.0m 13,000 dwt

W11N 120m 5.0m 13,000 dwt

Pasir Gudang Port (Johor Port)—Berthing 

Limitations 

Berth

Maximum 

vessel

length

Depth 

alongside Vessel size
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 153

Pub. 174

about 2 hours before HW at Tebrau Reach.

9.72 Off Loyang (1°23'N., 103°58'E.), in a position about 0.3

mile W of Fairy Point, the tidal current is chiefly rectilinear. 

9.72 The ebb current runs ENE from about 30 minutes after until

about 6 hours after HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate of

1.2 knots at springs and 0.6 knot at neaps is reached about 3

hours after HW at Tebrau Reach. 

9.72 The flood current runs WSW from about 5 hours 30 minutes

before until 30 minutes before HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate of about 1.4 knots at springs and 0.7 knot at neaps is

reached about 2 hours before HW at Tebrau Reach.

9.72 Off Tanjung Punggol, in a position about 0.4 mile N of

Punggol Light, the tidal current is chiefly rectilinear. The ebb

current runs E from about 30 minutes after until about 6 hours

after HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate of about 1.6

knots at springs and 0.9 knot at neaps is reached about 3 hours

30 minutes after HW at Tebrau Reach. 

9.72 The flood current runs W from about 5 hours 30 minutes before until the time of HW at Tebrau Reach. Its maximum rate

of about 1.6 knots at springs and 0.9 knot at neaps is reached

about 2 hours before HW at Tebrau Reach.

9.72 Off Singapore Naval Base, in a position about 0.5 mile SW

of Kanan Lighted Beacon (1°28'39"N., 103°50'30"E.), the

tidal current is chiefly rectilinear. The ebb current runs ESE

from about 30 minutes after until about 6 hours after HW at

Tebrau Reach. It reaches a maximum rate of about 0.4 knot at

springs about 3 hours 30 minutes after HW at Tebrau Reach. 

9.72 The flood current runs WNW from about 6 hours before until about the time of HW at Tebrau Reach. It reaches a maximum rate of about 0.3 knot at springs about 2 hours 30 minutes

before HW at Tebrau Reach.

9.73 Felkin Spit (1°27'N., 103°52'E.), with depths of 5.2

to 9.1m, is an extension of the shore bank NE of Pulau Seletar. 

9.73 Its SE end lies about 0.6 mile to the NE of the S end of the island. A lighted buoy is moored on the NE side of Felkin Spit,

about 0.6 mile ENE of the NW end of Pulau Seletar.

9.73 Off the N shore of Johor Strait, ENE of the N end of Pulau

Seletar, is a rocky patch with depths of 3 to 5.2m, extending

about 0.2 mile offshore. 

9.73 About 0.7 mile farther NW is a narrow shoal bank, fronting

the Sungai Masai (1°28'N., 103°52'E.), with depths of 7.3 to

9.1m, about 0.4 mile from the coast.

9.73 Lavis Shoal (1°28'N., 103°51'E.), with depths of 1.2 to

5.5m, extends about 0.2 mile from the S shore between a position about 0.7 mile NW of Pulau Seletar and the West Stores

Basin. A lighted buoy is moored about 0.7 mile NNW of the N

end of Pulau Seletar.

9.73 Beaulieu Shoal (1°28'N., 103°50'E.) fringes the shore immediately E of the entrance of the Naval Stores Basin; a lighted

buoy is moored off the shoal.

9.73 Between the NW end of Pulau Seletar and Beaulieu House, a

conspicuous house is situated on the S shore close SE of the

shipyard. The approach to the drying coastal bank is foul and

encumbered by numerous stranded wrecks, fish traps and piles.

There is an obstruction with a depth of 0.3m that lies about

91m NE of a pier situated close by the conspicuous house. Two

more obstructions with depths of 2.7 and 1.5m lie within a distance of about 0.1 mile SE of this pier.

9.74 Sembawang Shipyard (Sembawang Terminal)

(1°28'N., 103°50'E.) is situated on the S shore of Tebrau

Reach, about 2 miles NW of Pulau Seletar. The multi-basin

complex encompasses numerous berths, dry docks, floating

dry docks, and graving docks. Alongside depths range from 9.2

to12m.

9.74 The Bethlehem Steel Company Jetty, which extends 0.1 mile

from shore, has depths of 6 to 6.7m along its E side. This jetty

is situated on the far W side of the complex.

9.74 There are four floating docks, which can accommodate vessels from 9,000 to 150,000 dwt. King George VI graving dock

can accommodate a vessel up to 100,000 dwt. Primier dry dock

can accommodate vessels up to 400,000 dwt. Range lights,

which are shown if required, lead to the dry docks. 

Sembawang Shipyard

http://www.sembship.com

Sembawang Shipyard—Berthing Limitations (2010)

Dry Docks

Berth Length Width Max. depth

Premier Dock 384m 64.0m 5.5m

George VI 319m 39.6m 10.3m

Floating Dock

Berth Length Width Max. depth

Republic 202m 42.0m

President 290m 48.0m

Berths

Berth Length Depth 

alongside Remarks

No. 8 350m 9.0m

No. 9 240m 9.0m

No. 10/11 250m 9.1m

Finger Pier 350m 8.7m

No. 12 — 8.7m

No. 12A 250m 10.2m

No. 14 250m 10.9m

No. 16 220m 9.6m

Service Piers

Berth Length Depth 

alongside Remarks

No. 17 230m 10.4m With dolphins

No. 18 190m 10.6m

No. 19 230m 12.7m

No. 20 290m 11.6m
154 Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 

Pub. 174

9.74 Sembawang Terminal lies within an open basin consisting

of seven berths numbered S1 through S7. Berth S6 and Berth

S7 have been dredged to 11.6m and frequently accommodate

naval vessels. Berth S7, which is the longest berth, has a length

of 230m. A container yard lies along the E wall.

9.74 The controlling depth (2004) in the navigational channel between Sembawang Shipyard and Ordinance Reach is 9.8m. 

9.74 The pilot will board vessels, proceeding to Sembawang, in

the vicinity of Changi Naval Base and remain onboard until the

vessel is pierside.

9.74 The tidal range is about 2.5m at springs and about 1.1m at

neaps.

9.74 Regulations.—A prohibited area encloses the Sembawang

wharves and the approach to it. All vessels are restricted from

entering, anchoring, mooring, transiting or being in the area for

any other purposes unless specific approval had been obtained

from the Port Master. In granting approval, the Port Master

may impose further time or location specific restrictions and

conditions. 

9.74 Caution.—Less depths than those charted have been reported

in the vicinity of the terminal.

9.75 Rumah Merah (Red House) (1°28'N., 103°49'E.), a

house with a red roof, is conspicuous and stands on piles close

off the S shore, about 0.5 mile W of the shipyard. A shoal, with a

depth of 0.6m, lies 137m offshore about 0.2 mile WNW of Rumah Merah.

9.75 A group of six radio towers, each 61m high and marked by a

light, is situated about 1 mile SSW of Rumah Merah. Several

other radio towers, each 37m high, are situated N and S of the

main towers.

9.75 Denman Shoals, swept to 7m but reported (1994) to have

depths of as little as 6.3m, is a rocky area W of Rumah Merah;

it extends as far as about 0.3 mile off the S shore. A lighted

buoy is moored on the NW edge of Denman Shoals, 0.9 mile

WNW of Rumah Merah.

9.75 Red Cliff (1°29.0'N., 103°49.5'E.), a conspicuous red bluff,

11m high and covered with scrub and bush, rises on the N

shore opposite Rumah Merah. Close within the bluff is a large

dome-shaped tree and a white house with a green roof.

9.75 A bank, with depths of 8.5 to 11m, extends about 0.2 mile S

from Red Cliff. Another bank, with a depth of as little as 8.2m,

extends WSW from Red Cliff almost to mid-channel.

9.75 Range lights, which lead through Dockyard Reach, are situated at the mouth of the Sungai Tebrau, about 2 miles W of

Red Cliff.

9.75 Anchorage.—Anchorage can be obtained in any part of

Tebrau Reach where the depth is convenient, except in the vicinity of submarine cables and pipelines.

9.76 Ordnance Reach (1°28'N., 103°47'E.) extends SW

from the Sungai Tebrau to The Causeway. Range beacons,

which lead through the fairway, stand about 0.6 mile W of Red

Cliff.

9.76 The Estana Pasir Plangi, a prominent chocolate-colored

house with a small water tower reported nearby, is situated

about 1 mile SW of the rear range beacon at the mouth of the

Sungai Tebrau.

9.76 The Sultan Ismail Power Station (1°27.5'N., 103°46.5'E.)

jetty stands at the end of Ordnance Reach about 0.5 mile NE of

The Causeway. The T-head, which is occasionally marked at

each end by a light, is 366m long with a depth of 10.9m alongside. Vessels up to 183m long, with a maximum draft of 9.45m,

can be accommodated. An 8.2m depth, marked S by a lighted

buoy, lies off the jetty.

9.76 The Senoko Power Station (1°28'N., 103°48'E.), on the S

side of Ordnance Reach, stands about l.2 miles WSW of Rumah Merah and is marked by three conspicuous chimneys.

9.76 Armament Jetty (1°27.7'N., 103°47.5'E.), about 0.3 mile

SW of the Senoko Power Station, is a T-headed jetty with a

depth of 7.3m alongside. Lights are shown from each end of

the T-head.

9.76 The RMN Jetty (1°27.2'N., 103°46.7'E.), an L-shaped pier,

with an outer arm 215m long and marked at each end by a

light, stands about 1 mile SW of Armament Jetty.

9.76 Woodlands Oil Pier (1°27.2'N., 103°46.5'E.), close SW of

the RMN Jetty, is a T-headed jetty with a dolphin on each side

of its head. The jetty is 175m long and has a depth of 8.8m

alongside. A mooring buoy lies about 0.3 mile NW of the jetty.

9.76 A buried gas pipeline extends from the power station NNE

across Ordnance Reach to a point close E of the entrance to the

Sungai Tebrau.

9.76 The coastal bank, with depths of 3.7m and less, extends for

about 0.1 mile between the S end of The Causeway and a point

located about 0.9 mile NE of the S end of The Causeway. 

9.76 Obstructions, with depths of as little as 1.5m and which may

best be seen on the chart, lie on this bank.

9.76 Directions.—If proceeding through Serangoon Harbor, keep

the summit of Bukit Mandai (1°24'15"N., 103°46'12"E.) on

Singapore Island, bearing 272° and open just S of the S extremity of Pulau Ketam. 

9.76 When the Pavilion (1°22'58"N., 103°56'54"E.) on the pier

about 2 miles WSW of Fairy Point bears 247°, alter course toward it to bring Malang Papan Lighted Beacon (1°24'06"N.,

103°59'21"E.) to bear 065°, astern, and pass S of Squance

Lighted Buoy. 

9.76 Course should be altered NW to bring Loyang Lighted Beacon (1°22'58"N., 103°57'56"E.) bearing 131°, astern, and at

night keeping within the white sector of the directional light. 

9.76 On approaching Serangoon Lighted Buoy (1°24'03"N.,

103°56'22"E.), course should be altered to pass SW of Tanjung

Tajam, until the conspicuous water tower at Sembawang Terminal bears 291°. 

9.76 The vessel should then steer on this mark, and pass NE of

Perimbi Lighted Buoy. 

9.76 When Siniop Light (1°28'15"N., 103°51'12"E.) bears 317°

steer for it on that bearing. Having passed NE of Felkin Lighted Buoy and Lavis Lighted Buoy steer in mid-channel until

Tebrau Range Lights come in range. This range leads in midchannel abreast Sembawang Terminal.

9.76 If proceeding to an anchorage off the causeway and having

reached a position abeam of Rumah Merah (1°28'15"N.,

103°49'53"E.), steer to pass N of Denman Lighted Buoy. 

9.76 Then steer with the range beacons situated about 0.5 mile W

of Red Cliff (1°29'00"N., 103°49'30"E.) bearing astern. This

course leads through the fairway of Ordnance Reach, passing

SE of the 8.2m patch, marked by Ordnance Middle Ground

buoy, moored about 1 mile from the causeway.

9.76 Anchorage.—Due to the existence of telegraph cables, anchorage is prohibited in Kuala Sungai Johor(1°20'N.,
Sector 9. Singapore Strait and Approaches 155

Pub. 174

104°05'E.) within the limits indicated by dashed lines on the

chart.

9.76 Caution.—The maximum vessel speed permitted in East Johor Strait is 12 knots; however, vessel speed shall not exceed 6

knots in the vicinity of the following facilities:

1. Changi Sailing Club (1°23.6'N., 103°58.8'E.).

2. Pasir Gudang Port.

3. Malaysia Shipbuilding and Engineering Yard. 

4. Sembawang Shipyard.

9.76 Vessels elsewhere reduce speed as necessary to avoid damage to boat moorings, ferry terminals, etc.

9.76 The N shore of the strait from close W of Pasir Gudan Port to

within 1 mile of The Causeway, and the S shore from the Sungai Seletar to Sembawang Terminal, is heavily encumbered

with large bamboo fish traps which extend as much as 0.4 mile

offshore in places as far as the 10m curve. A number of these

fish traps cover at HW.

9.76 Less water than charted has been reported in the basin at the

SE end of Sembawang Shipyard.

Traffic Information System for Vessels Transiting 

Serangoon Harbor

9.77 The following vessels are required to participate in the

Traffic Information System (TIS) when entering, leaving, or

transiting the Traffic Information Area (TIA) in East Johor

Strait:

1. Vessels of 2,000 grt and over.

2. Vessels with a height above the waterline of 30m.

3. Tugs, when engaged in towing or pushing, when the

combined gross tonnage of the tugs and tows or vessels being pushed is 2,000 grt or more; or when any of the tug’s or

tow’s height exceeds 30m.

9.77 The approximate boundaries of the TIA are, as follows: 

a. Punggol Lighted Beacon. 

b. 1°24.22'N, 103°55.95'E. 

c. Loyang Lighted Beacon. 

d. Fairy Lighted Beacon. 

e. Changi Lighted Buoy.

f. 1°23.2'N, 104°00.4'E. 

g. Angler Lighted Buoy. 

h. 1°21.40'N, 104°04.15'E. 

i. Malang Tiga Lighted Buoy. 

j. 1°25.10'N, 104°01.13'E.

k. Tanjung Todak.

l. 1°25.00'N, 103°59.57'E.

m. Chek Jawa Lighted Beacon.

n. 1°23.90'N, 103°57.97'E.

o. 1°23.90'N, 103°57.37'E.

p. 1°24.60'N, 103°56.45'E.

q. Tajam Lighted Beacon.

r. Punggol Lighted Beacon.

9.77 The call sign for the Port of Singapore Authority (PSA) Control Station, Changi is Sembawang Control.

9.77 All VHF traffic is to be conducted on VHF channel 21 and

vessels will keep a continuous watch on this channel when entering, leaving, transiting, or when anchoring in the traffic information area. The reserve channel is VHF channel 13. In the

event that VHF channel 21 is inoperative, vessels shall check

with Port Operations Control Center on VHF channel 12 for instructions. 

9.77 Every vessel shall report, giving the following information,

and obtain clearance from Sembawang Control before entering, leaving, or maneuvering within Johor Strait:

1. Vessel name.

2. Call sign.

3. Present location.

4. Destination (i.e., the location in the port or bound for

sea).

5. Draft.

6. Height.

7. Remarks, if any (i.e., any other relevant information

on the vessel which would affect its navigation).

8. The ETA, used for the coordination of air traffic, at

the following locations:

a. The line joining Tanjong Todak (1°25.5'N.,

104°01.2'E.) and the NE point of Pulau Ubin (1°25.0'N.,

103°59.6'E.) or longitude 103°59.6'E, extending N of the

E end of Pulau Ubin.

b. Malang Tiga Lighted Buoy.

c. Paku Lighted Buoy.

d. Malang Papang Lighted Beacon.

e. Seletar Lighted Buoy.

9.77 Vessels update and confirm the above ETAs to Sembawang

Control when passing the following locations:

1. Northbound or westbound vessels—Angler Lighted

Buoy.

2. Eastbound vessels—Punggol Lighted Beacon and

Squance Lighted Buoy.

3. Eastbound vessels entering the TIA via Nenas Channel—before entering Nenas Channel.

4. Southbound vessels from the Sungai Johor—when underway.

9.77 Vessels shall monitor their ETAs and immediately report to

Sembawang Control, as follows:

1. When the ETA for Malang Tiga Lighted Buoy, Paku

Lighted Buoy, Malang Papang Lighted Beacon, Tanjong

Todak, or N of Pulau Ubin differs by 2 minutes.

2. When ETA for Seletar Lighted Buoy differs by 15

minutes.

9.77 Caution.—No vessel is permitted to stop or anchor within the

TIA. If a vessel has to stop or anchor in an emergency situation,

the vessel shall report immediately to Sembawang Control.

9.77 No vessel should proceed S of the line between the CAAS

Lighted Buoy No. 1 and CAAS Lighted Buoy No. 2. 

9.77 These reporting procedures for East Johor Strait are in addition to the general reporting procedures for the Singapore Vessel Traffic Information Service (VTIS) found in paragraph 9.3.
Pub. 174

Glossaries 157

Glossaries

Indonesian

INDONESIAN English

A

ack, aer, air, ajer ................................... ...water, steam, river

adian.......................................................................mountain

air masin................................................................ salt water

alangan.............................................................................bar

arus............................................................................ current

B

bandar.......................................................port, trading town

bantjah.........................................................................marsh

barat ................................................................west, western

batang............................................................................ river

batu.................................................................................rock

besar....................................................................large, great

beting ................................................................. shoal, bank

biru.................................................................................blue

bukit ................................................................................ hill

D

dalam............................................................................. deep

darat ........................................................... land, the interior

deleng.....................................................................mountain

dolok ......................................................................mountain

G

gosong......................................................... shoal, reef, islet

gunung ...................................................................mountain

H

hidjau ...........................................................................green

hili ..........................................................................mountain

hitam ...................................................................black, dark

hulo ............................................................................. island

hutan.................................................................jungle, forest

I

indano.........................................................................stream

K

kali ................................................................................ river

kampung.....................................................................village

karang................................................................... coral, reef

kitjil.....................................................................small, little

kering .............................................................................. dry

koho ................................................................................ hill

kuala................mouth of a river or confluence of two rivers

kuning ........................................................................yellow

L

labuhan................................................................. anchorage

laut ....................................................................sea, seaward

lumpur............................................................................mud

M

mas.............................................................................golden

merah ...............................................................................red

muara .......................................................... mouth of a river

N

negeri ...................................................................town, state

P

paja ................................................................marsh, swamp

pamatang, pematang ..................................................hillock

pangkalan........................................................ landing place

pantai ................................................ coast, seaboard, beach

parit.................................................................. ditch, stream

pasir ................................................................... sand, beach

pekan................................................................town, market

perahu ............................................................................boat

pohon ..............................................................................tree

propinsi ...................................................................province

pulau ........................................................................... island

putih.............................................................................white

R

rawang ........................................................................ marsh

rehdah .............................................................................low

rimbo............................................................................forest

rumah...........................................................................house

S

selat................................................................ channel, strait

selatan .......................................................... south, southern

sungai............................................................................ river

T

talu ......................................................................... bay, inlet

tanah ................................................................land, country

tangah ........................................................................central

tanjung, tandjung ...........cape, headland, point, promontory

teluk ....................................................... bay, bend of a river

tepi laut ........................................................ coast, seaboard

terusan....................................................connecting channel

timur ...............................................................................east

tinggi..............................................................................high

tjetek .........................................................................shallow

tjukah .............................................................................cape

tohor..........................................................................shallow

tor...........................................................................mountain

INDONESIAN English
Pub. 174 

158 Glossaries

tua.....................................................................................old

ture ...................................................................... point, cape

U

utara ............................................................................. north

INDONESIAN English

W

wai ................................................................................ river

INDONESIAN English
Pub. 174

Glossaries 159

Malay

MALAY English

A

alangan.............................................................................bar

arus............................................................................ current

ayer....................................................................water, steam

ayer masin............................................................. salt water

B

bagan............................................................... landing place

baharu............................................................................. new

bandar.......................................................port, trading town

barat ................................................................west, western

batang............................................................................ river

batu.................................................................................rock

besar....................................................................large, great

beting ................................................................. shoal, bank

biru.................................................................................blue

bukit ............................................................................... .hill

C

changkat.......................................................... hillock, shoal

chetek....................................................................... shallow

D

dalam............................................................................ .deep

darat ........................................................... land, the interior

G

gosong, gusong ........................................... shoal, reef, islet

H

hijau .............................................................................green

hitam ...................................................................black, dark

hutan.................................................................jungle, forest

K

kampong.....................................................................village

karang................................................................... coral, reef

kechil...................................................................small, little

kering .............................................................................. dry

kuala................mouth of a river or confluence of two rivers

kuning ........................................................................yellow

L

labuan................................................................... anchorage

laut ....................................................................sea, seaward

M

malang ....................................................rock, reef, or shoal

mas.............................................................................golden

merah ...............................................................................red

muara .......................................................... mouth of a river

N

negri.....................................................................town, state

P

paya................................................................marsh, swamp

pangkalan........................................................ landing place

panjang ..........................................................................long

pantai ................................................ coast, seaboard, beach

pari................................................................... ditch, stream

pasir ................................................................... sand, beach

pekan................................................................town, market

pohon ..............................................................................tree

prau ................................................................................boat

pulau ........................................................................... island

puteh ............................................................................white

R

rendah .............................................................................low

rumah...........................................................................house

S

selat................................................................ channel, strait

selatan .......................................................... south, southern

sungai............................................................................ river

T

tanah ................................................................land, country

tanjong ...........................cape, headland, point, promontory

telok ....................................................... bay, bend in a river

terumbu........................................... dangerous hidden shoal

terusan....................................................connecting channel

timor ...............................................................................east

tinggi..............................................................................high

tohor..........................................................................shallow

tua ....................................................................................old

tukun ................................................................. sunken rock

U

utara ............................................................................. north

MALAY English
Pub. 174

160 Glossaries

Thai

THAI English

A

ao.......................................................................... bay, creek

B

ban...........................house, or, if with a place name, village

bo ...................................................................................lake

bung .......................................................................... swamp

C

chiang............................................................................town

chong.............................................................................strait

chong khaep .............................................................. narrow

D

dam...............................................................................black

deng..................................................................................red

din-nieo ..........................................................................clay

din-sapong....................................................................chalk

doi ................................................................................... hill

don .........................................................................high land

F

fai ...........................................................................fire, light

fang ..............................................................................shore

H

hard ............................................................................. beach

hardzai.................................................................sand beach

hin ..................................................................................rock

hlaem.............................................................cape, headland

ho .................................................................................tower

hoioy ........................................................................... steam

hyai................................................................................great

K

kao....................................................................................old

kaho..............................................................................white

khlon ..............................................................................mud

khlong ............................................................ canal or creek

khok ................................................................................ hill

ko ................................................................................ island

L

laem...............................................................cape, headland

lang...............................................................................lower

lek.................................................................................small

lom................................................................................wind

luang .............................................................................large

lueng .......................................................................... yellow

M

mae ............................................................................... river

mai ................................................................................. new

monthol, monthon...................................... province or state

muang ...........................................................................town

N

nai-kwa .........................................................................inner

nakhon ..........................................................................town

noi ..................................................................................little

nok-kwa ........................................................................outer

P

pa dong ........................................................................forest

pak ..............................................................................mouth

pak nam ...................................................... mouth of a river

phra-chedi ................................................................. pagoda

phukhao .................................................................mountain

pom ................................................................................. fort

S

sai.......................................................................sand, gravel

so-cloke..........................................................................rock

T

tam ..................................................................................low

thale .................................................................................sea

thale sap ......................................................................... lake

thi samo ............................................................... anchorage

thit nua ......................................................................... north

thit tai........................................................................... south

thit tuan ok......................................................................east

thit tuan tok....................................................................west

tong koong ............................................................river bend

W

wa...............................................................................temple

Y

 yot ...................................................................................top

THAI English
161

Pub. 174

How to use the Index—Gazetteer

Geographic names of navigational features are generally those used by the nation having sovereignty and are listed

alphabetically. Diacritical marks, such as accents, cedillas, and circumflexes, which are related to specific letters in certain foreign

languages, are not used in the interest of typographical simplicity.

Geographic names or their spellings do not necessarily reflect recognition of the political status of an area by the United States

Government. Positions are approximate and are intended merely as locators to facilitate reference to the charts.

To use as a Gazetteer note the position and Sector number of the feature and refer to the Chart Information diagram for the

Sector. Plot the approximate position of the feature on this diagram and note the approximate chart number.

To use as an Index of features described in the text note the paragraph number at the right. To locate this feature on the best

scale chart use the Gazetteer procedure above. 

Index—Gazetteer

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

A

ABANG STRAIT 0 32 N 104 16 E 8.67

ABANG-KETJIL 0 33 N 104 14 E 8.67

AER SAMBAT 4 48 S 103 23 E 7.24

AERT VAN NES 5 27 N 95 09 E 6.2

AIR INDRAPOERA 2 00 S 100 52 E 7.12

AIRAJA 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

AIRBANGIS ROAD 0 10 N 99 20 E 7.1

AJER RADJA 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

ALERT SHOAL 1 17 N 103 37 E 9.61

ALLIGATOR REEF 0 46 N 104 29 E 8.41

ALOET ISLAND 0 04 S 104 42 E 8.10

ALOR ISLANDS 0 28 N 104 18 E 8.62

ALOR SETAR 6 07 N 100 20 E 1.26

ALOR STAR 6 07 N 100 20 E 1.24,

1.25, 

1.26

ALUR PELAYARAN TENGGARA 0 34 N 103 39 E 8.73

ALUT 0 04 S 104 42 E 8.7

AMPHITRITE BAY 0 08 S 103 42 E 8.56

ANAK BERHALA 0 51 S 104 25 E 8.52

ANAK DATOK 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.63

ANAK LANGOE 0 01 N 104 47 E 8.6

ANGLER BANK 1 21 N 104 03 E 9.44

ANGLER BANK LIGHT BUOY 1 21 N 104 03 E 9.49

ANGSA BANK N CARDINAL LIGHT 3 20 N 101 00 E 2.14

ANJONG MAHANG 2 55 N 101 16 E 2.15

ANSON 4 01 N 101 01 E 2.11

ANTOKAN 0 17 S 99 52 E 7.7

AO LUK 8 14 N 98 41 E 1.14

AO PATONG 7 54 N 98 17 E 1.4

AO PHANGNGA 8 10 N 98 35 E 1.11

AO THA RUA 7 58 N 98 26 E 1.8

AOER GEDANG 1 23 S 100 29 E 7.13

APENBERG 0 58 S 100 20 E 7.4

ARA 4 14 N 98 20 E 4.12

ARMAMENT JETTY 1 28 N 103 48 E 9.76

AROIH CUT 5 32 N 95 09 E 3.7

AROIH LAM PUYANG 5 40 N 95 09 E 3.7

AROIH RAYA 5 35 N 95 09 E 3.7

ARUAH ISLANDS 2 52 N 100 36 E 4.3

ARUM PANDJANG 2 18 N 97 38 E 6.17

ARUN MARINE TERMINAL 5 13 N 97 06 E 3.19

ATKIN ROCK 0 33 S 104 02 E 8.64

AUR GEDANG 1 23 S 100 29 E 7.13

B

BAGAN DATOH 3 59 N 100 47 E 2.10

BAGANSIAPIPI 2 10 N 100 48 E 4.26

BAJANG REEF 0 17 N 99 00 E 7.8

BAKAL IBA BANK 2 05 N 101 18 E 5.4

BAKAU 0 05 N 104 45 E 8.7

BAKONG 0 06 N 104 26 E 8.58

BALKEN BAY 5 43 N 95 02 E 3.4

BALO TODOJGHU 0 37 N 97 54 E 6.27

BAMBEK SHOAL 2 33 N 101 40 E 5.23

BANDO ISLET 0 46 S 99 59 E 7.8

BANJAK ISLANDS 2 10 N 97 17 E 6.15

BARE ROCKS 0 57 N 104 52 E 8.16

BARGAMBAR MOUNTAIN 0 13 N 99 13 E 7.8

BARINGIT 1 43 S 100 56 E 7.13

BAROEK BAY 0 38 S 104 26 E 8.53

BAROES 2 00 N 98 23 E 6.20

BAROES ROAD 2 00 N 98 23 E 6.30

BAROHIA ANCHORAGE 5 18 S 102 08 E 7.49

BASS HARBOR 6 19 N 99 50 E 1.25

BATAKARANG POINT 2 00 S 104 45 E 8.2

BATAM 1 05 N 104 02 E 8.21

BATANG ARAU 0 58 S 100 21 E 7.4

BATANG HARI 1 16 S 104 05 E 8.55

BATANG KAPAS BAY 1 30 S 100 37 E 7.11

BATANG TERBOENG 0 17 S 103 29 E 8.62

BATANG TOEAKA 0 12 S 103 27 E 8.62

BATIK REEFS 0 32 S 99 56 E 7.8

BATOE BELOBANG 0 40 N 104 19 E 8.26

BATOE DANDANG 1 22 S 100 33 E 7.11

BATOE GADJAH 0 09 S 104 35 E 8.18

BATOENG BAY 1 23 S 100 35 E 7.11

BATONG KWANTAN 0 20 S 103 18 E 8.56

BATU BELAYAR 0 25 N 104 16 E 8.66

BATU BELAYAR 0 29 N 104 16 E 8.67

BATU BELOBANG 0 40 N 104 19 E 8.26

BATU BERHANTI 1 11 N 103 53 E 9.8

BATU BERLAYER 2 52 N 100 38 E 4.3

BATU BETATA 1 11 N 104 09 E 8.50

BATU BUNUNG 1 08 N 104 15 E 8.47

BATU BYMS 2 54 N 100 35 E 4.3

BATU GAJAH 0 09 S 104 35 E 8.18

BATU GELAMA 2 10 N 102 15 E 5.30

BATU HIPOMENES 0 35 N 104 09 E 8.68

BATU ITO 0 33 N 97 44 E 6.25

BATU JAMBOL 4 14 N 100 35 E 2.5

BATU KAPAL 0 21 S 104 52 E 8.14

BATU MAMAK 1 34 N 98 42 E 6.32

BATU MANDAMAI 1 37 S 100 38 E 7.11

BATU MANDI 0 33 N 97 45 E 6.25

BATU MANDI 2 52 N 100 41 E 4.3

BATU MARESOH 0 19 S 104 56 E 8.4

BATU PENYU 3 14 N 101 13 E 2.14

BATU SENUKUH 1 09 N 104 16 E 8.47

BATU TIGA 1 36 S 100 40 E 7.13

BATU UTARA 2 55 N 100 36 E 4.3

BEAULIEU SHOAL 1 28 N 103 50 E 9.73

BEKAKA 0 49 N 103 47 E 8.77

BELAT 0 49 N 103 30 E 8.76

BELAWAN 3 47 N 98 41 E 4.17

BELOEKAR 0 50 N 103 39 E 8.75

BENAN 0 29 N 104 27 E 8.22

BENGKALIS SETTLEMENT 1 28 N 102 06 E 5.9

BENGKULU 3 47 S 102 15 E 7.17

BENGKULU ROAD 3 47 S 102 14 E 7.17

BENKULEN 3 47 S 102 15 E 7.17

BENOI BASIN 1 18 N 103 41 E 9.11

BERBAK 1 03 S 104 14 E 8.53

BERHALA BANK 3 55 N 99 26 E 4.2
162 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

BERHALA SPIT 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.28

BERHALA STRAIT 0 57 S 104 24 E 8.53

BERINGIN 0 06 N 104 44 E 8.7

BERLAYAR CANAL 1 16 N 103 48 E 9.32

BERNAM RIVER 3 51 N 100 49 E 2.11

BEROEAN 0 46 N 104 49 E 8.11

BETUMONGA BAY 2 49 S 100 00 E 7.39

BINTAN BAY 1 01 N 104 26 E 8.37

BINTANGGOR 1 09 S 100 19 E 7.8

BIO 3 21 S 100 27 E 7.42

BITOJAT BESAR 3 01 S 100 09 E 7.41

BLACK ROCK 1 05 N 104 44 E 8.17

BLACK ROCK 5 31 S 102 16 E 7.47

BLADING 0 01 S 104 50 E 8.6

BLAKANG MATI ISLAND 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.27

BLANDING 0 09 N 104 12 E 8.59

BLANDOK BESAR 0 11 N 104 20 E 8.58

BLAYER CANAL 1 16 N 103 48 E 9.32

BODSYIHONA VILLAGE 1 05 N 97 49 E 6.28

BOEAJA 0 11 N 104 13 E 8.59

BOEKOE 0 41 S 104 22 E 8.13

BOELAN 0 59 N 103 53 E 8.80

BOELAN STRAIT 1 01 N 103 56 E 8.81

BOENGOES BAAI 1 03 S 100 23 E 7.10

BOERO 5 41 N 95 23 E 3.14

BOEROE 0 53 N 103 30 E 8.76

BOEROENG 0 26 N 103 34 E 8.57

BOESOENG 0 08 N 104 41 E 8.14

BOESOENG 0 08 S 103 36 E 8.62

BOOM ROCK 0 25 N 104 20 E 8.66

BOOMPJESHOEK 0 57 S 98 43 E 7.26

BOROES 0 48 N 104 45 E 8.9

BRANI TERMINAL 1 16 N 103 50 E 9.33

BROUCH 5 45 N 95 04 E 3.3

BUABUA 5 25 S 102 17 E 7.47

BUFFALO ROCK 1 09 N 103 49 E 9.6

BUKIT BANANG 1 49 N 102 57 E 5.35

BUKIT CHERMIN 1 15 N 103 48 E 9.32

BUKIT IWATOW 1 30 N 104 15 E 9.48

BUKIT JUGRA 2 50 N 101 26 E 2.14

BUKIT JUGRA 2 51 N 101 25 E 5.21

BUKIT MANDAI 1 24 N 103 46 E 9.76

BUKIT MANDERA 0 34 N 99 07 E 7.8

BUKIT MOR 1 59 N 102 41 E 5.33

BUKIT PEG DATAR 0 41 N 104 13 E 8.31

BUKIT PELALI 1 24 N 104 12 E 9.48

BUKIT PENGERANG 1 23 N 104 06 E 9.46

BUKIT SIKARAKARA 0 38 N 99 05 E 7.8

BUKIT TWATOW 1 30 N 104 15 E 9.55

BULAN 0 58 N 103 55 E 8.80

BULAN ARCHIPELAGO 1 04 N 103 48 E 8.77

BULU 0 08 S 104 55 E 8.5

BUNGA BANKS 3 45 N 99 03 E 4.2

BUNGKUK 3 35 S 102 25 E 7.17

BUNGUS BAY 1 03 S 100 23 E 7.10

BURAN DARAT 1 15 N 103 51 E 9.29

BUTANG GROUP 6 32 N 99 15 E 1.22

BYMS ROCK 2 54 N 100 35 E 4.3

C

CALDER HARBOR 1 23 N 104 05 E 9.46

CALTEX SINGAPORE 1 18 N 103 44 E 9.13

CAPE RACHADO 2 25 N 101 51 E 5.24

CARNBEE REEF 0 41 N 103 44 E 8.81

CARTER SHOAL 1 16 N 104 22 E 9.54

CASTOR BANK 0 40 S 105 03 E 8.12

CAUSEWAY 1 27 N 103 46 E 9.2

CAUSEWAY SHOAL 1 27 N 103 45 E 9.66

CEDAR PASSAGE 5 35 N 95 09 E 3.7

CEMARA BANK 0 54 N 104 14 E 8.31

CHANGI NAVAL BASE 1 19 N 104 01 E 9.43

CHINAMBELEO 1 07 S 98 39 E 7.33

CHINGKUK BAY 1 19 S 100 32 E 7.10

CHONG PAK PHRA 8 12 N 98 17 E 1.3

CHUBADAK 1 13 S 100 23 E 7.10

CLARK BANK 1 45 N 102 20 E 5.3

CONGALTON SKAR 1 21 N 104 19 E 9.51

COWMANS BANK 0 38 S 104 56 E 8.13

CROCODILE SHOAL 1 11 N 104 17 E 8.47

CRUISE BAY 1 16 N 103 49 E 9.31

CUCUPETONG 0 39 N 104 01 E 8.69

CYRENE REEFS 1 15 N 103 45 E 9.17

D

DABO 0 30 S 104 34 E 8.18

DALEH ISLET 0 25 N 104 24 E 8.66

DASI STRAIT 0 00 N 104 29 E 8.58

DATOK 0 11 S 104 25 E 8.58

DATOK 1 22 N 104 17 E 9.41

DATOK 3 59 N 100 47 E 2.10

DE HES ROCK 0 21 S 104 52 E 8.14

DEDAP 0 30 N 104 16 E 8.62

DEDAP ISLAND 0 30 N 104 16 E 8.66

DEMPO POINT 0 40 N 104 20 E 8.31

DIANA REEF 1 14 N 104 27 E 9.39

DINGIN 3 59 S 102 56 E 7.23

DJALAMOE 1 43 S 100 46 E 7.13

DJAMBI 1 35 S 103 37 E 8.55

DJAMBI BAY 1 00 S 104 00 E 8.55

DJAMBI RIVER 1 16 S 104 05 E 8.55

DJAMBO AJE 5 15 N 97 29 E 3.20

DJANG 0 18 S 105 00 E 8.19

DJANGKA 0 53 N 103 43 E 8.82

DJANTAN 1 06 N 103 22 E 9.6

DJAWI DJAWI 2 23 N 97 33 E 6.16

DJORIA PEAK 0 43 N 103 43 E 8.81

DOEA 0 24 N 104 22 E 8.61

DOEJOENG 0 21 N 104 28 E 8.12

DOERAI 0 31 N 103 36 E 8.73

DOERIAN REEF 0 37 S 100 01 E 7.5

DOLOK SULASIH 0 35 S 100 14 E 7.7

DOMPAK STRAIT 0 53 N 104 28 E 8.34

DUA 0 24 N 104 22 E 8.61

DUA ISLAND 0 24 N 104 22 E 8.81

DUA ISLANDS 0 24 N 104 22 E 8.67

DUA REEF 0 04 N 99 26 E 7.5

DUMAI 1 41 N 101 27 E 5.6

DUTCH SHOAL 0 47 N 104 24 E 8.44

E

EAST BANK 0 41 N 103 52 E 8.72

EAST KEPPEL FAIRWAY 1 14 N 103 52 E 9.36

EASTERN BANK 1 32 N 104 31 E 9.52

EMMAHAVEN 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.9

ENGANO BAY 5 28 S 102 24 E 7.46

ESSO REFINERY 1 17 N 103 42 E 9.15

ESSO/MOBIL 1 14 N 103 41 E 9.17

EUMO POINT 5 27 S 102 23 E 7.46

EUROPA REEF 3 31 S 100 33 E 7.45

EXXON/MOBIL ASIA PACIFIC 1 18 N 103 41 E 9.11

F

FABHOOL MOBARAK REEF 0 20 S 99 08 E 7.5

FAIR CHANNEL BANK 1 28 N 103 08 E 1.2

FAIR CHANNEL BANK 1 33 N 103 03 E 5.3

FAIRWAY ROCK 4 08 N 100 33 E 2.6

FAIRY POINT 1 23 N 103 58 E 9.70

FALLODEN HALL SHOAL 1 21 N 104 18 E 9.51

FALSE DOERIAN 0 37 N 103 41 E 8.1,

8.73

FAN SHOAL 1 26 N 103 56 E 9.68

FATAHOOL MARAK 0 20 S 99 8 E 7.5

FELKIN SPIT 1 27 N 103 52 E 9.73

FLEURS ROCK 5 45 N 94 59 E 3.4

FLOUR MILL WHARF 4 16 N 100 38 E 2.6

FORMOSA BANK 1 46 N 102 48 E 5.34

FULLERTON BUILDING 1 17 N 103 51 E 9.30

FULLERTON SIGNAL STATION 1 17 N 103 51 E 9.26

G

GADOET 0 54 S 100 31 E 7.8

GALANG 0 45 N 104 15 E 8.21

GALANG BAROE 0 40 N 104 16 E 8.22

GANTANG 1 00 S 100 30 E 7.8
Index—Gazetteer 163

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

GATX 1 18 N 103 44 E 9.13

GEDANG ULU LAIS 3 15 S 102 14 E 7.16

GELDRIA BANK 0 47 N 104 57 E 8.16

GLE LAYANG 5 33 N 95 13 E 3.13

GOH BENG 7 05 N 99 42 E 1.20

GOSONG ARA 0 47 N 104 57 E 8.16

GOSONG BERHALA 3 55 N 99 26 E 4.2

GOSONG BUNGA 3 45 N 99 03 E 4.2

GOSONG CASTOR 0 40 S 105 03 E 8.12

GOSONG CEMARA 0 54 N 104 14 E 8.28

GOSONG RALEIGH 0 46 N 104 54 E 8.16

GOSONG REEFS 0 28 S 99 58 E 7.8

GOSONG SAIBI DI TANGAH 1 19 S 99 06 E 7.28

GOSONG SATU 0 01 N 99 27 E 7.5

GOSONG SOEMEDANG 1 50 S 100 46 E 7.14

GOSONG THOMAS 0 44 N 104 34 E 8.39

GREAT BANK 0 38 N 104 19 E 8.26

GREAT CHANNEL 0 15 N 98 00 E 6.36

GREAT DURIAN 0 43 N 103 43 E 8.1,

8.74

GREAT KARIMUN 1 04 N 103 21 E 5.19

GUL CHANNEL 1 18 N 103 40 E 9.11

GUNUNG ABONG ABONG 4 15 N 96 48 E 6.9

GUNUNG BIDEI 0 29 S 104 20 E 8.18

GUNUNG BINTAN-BESAR 1 04 N 104 27 E 9.39,

9.54

GUNUNG BINTAN-KETJIL 1 07 N 104 27 E 8.48

GUNUNG DAIK 0 12 S 104 33 E 8.18

GUNUNG DEMPO 4 01 S 103 07 E 7.23

GUNUNG GEUREUDONG 4 49 N 96 49 E 3.17

GUNUNG KAUS 0 52 N 104 35 E 8.11

GUNUNG KERINCI 1 41 S 101 15 E 7.12

GUNUNG KIDJANG 0 55 N 104 38 E 8.19

GUNUNG KOEAS 0 52 N 104 34 E 8.19

GUNUNG KOEAS 0 52 N 104 35 E 8.10

GUNUNG LAGILAGI 1 26 S 99 09 E 7.29

GUNUNG LANDJOET 0 25 S 104 30 E 8.17

GUNUNG LOSER 3 45 N 97 11 E 6.9

GUNUNG PASAMAN 0 03 N 99 57 E 7.7

GUNUNG PATAH SAMBILAN 1 41 S 101 08 E 7.12

GUNUNG SEPINCAN 0 09 S 104 34 E 8.18

GUNUNG SEPINTJAN 0 09 S 104 34 E 8.18

GUNUNG SILAW AIHAGAM 5 27 N 95 39 E 3.15

GUNUNG SIMAKOYO 2 19 S 99 47 E 7.37

GUNUNG SINGGALANG 0 23 S 100 20 E 7.7

GUNUNG TALAKMAU 0 05 N 99 59 E 7.7

GUNUNG TIGA 0 29 S 100 14 E 7.7

GUNUNGSITOLI 1 17 N 97 37 E 6.29

H

HAAI REEF 0 35 N 104 18 E 8.26

HALF TIDE ROCK 2 52 N 100 40 E 4.3

HANGOP ROCK 0 52 N 104 01 E 8.26

HARBOR OFFICE FLAGSTAFF 3 47 N 98 41 E 4.17

HELEN MAR REEF 1 07 N 103 46 E 9.6

HELUPTAN REEF 0 37 N 105 09 E 8.16

HENDERSON SHOAL 1 25 N 103 59 E 9.67

HENDRIK JAN ROCK 0 41 N 104 37 E 8.39

HIN KONG NOK 7 50 N 98 53 E 1.16

HIPOMENES ROCK 0 35 N 104 09 E 8.68

HORSBURGH LIGHT 1 20 N 104 24 E 9.3

HORSESHOE REEF 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.66

I

IDI VILLAGE 4 58 N 97 46 E 4.7

ILCHESTER BANK 0 27 S 104 58 E 8.13

INDERAPURA 2 04 S 100 56 E 7.12

INDRAGIRI RIVER 0 20 S 103 18 E 8.56

INDRAPOERA 2 04 S 100 56 E 7.12

INDRAPURA PEAK 1 41 S 101 15 E 7.12

INGARIS REEF 0 29 S 99 51 E 7.8

IRENE BANK 0 59 N 104 17 E 8.46

ISABELLA BANK 0 57 N 104 16 E 8.45

J

JALAMU 1 43 S 100 46 E 7.13

JAMES ROCK 0 39 S 104 19 E 8.53

JANTAN 1 06 N 103 22 E 9.6

JAWI-JAWI 2 23 N 97 33 E 6.16

JOHANNES SHOAL 0 57 N 104 11 E 8.29

JOHOR BAHARU 1 28 N 103 46 E 9.58

JOHOR PORT 1 26 N 103 54 E 9.71

JOHOR SHOAL 1 19 N 104 03 E 9.45

JOHOR SHOAL LIGHTED BUOY 1 18.9 N 104 05.0 E 9.3

JOHOR STRAIT 1 28 N 103 50 E 9.58

JONES REEF 1 22 N 104 19 E 9.51

JUMPUL BANK 3 04 N 99 56 E 4.20

K

KABA 3 30 S 102 35 E 7.16

KAJOE POETIH 0 38 S 100 02 E 7.5

KAJU ARA 0 50 N 104 56 E 8.16

KALI AER DIKIT 2 41 S 101 14 E 7.16

KALI SIMALEKI 1 09 S 98 38 E 7.33

KALI SIMATALU 1 27 S 98 45 E 7.33

KAMPONG KRANJI 1 26 N 103 45 E 9.65

KAMPONG MORIB 2 45 N 101 27 E 5.21

KANAN LIGHTED BEACON 1 28 N 103 50 E 9.72

KANTANG 7 24 N 99 31 E 1.18

KAPAL ISLETS 1 08 N 103 50 E 9.6

KAPAS 0 08 N 104 42 E 8.7

KARANG ALANGKALAM 0 27 S 104 58 E 8.13

KARANG BEBEK 1 15 N 104 33 E 9.41

KARANG BERAKIT 1 16 N 104 36 E 9.41

KARANG BERDURI 5 46 N 95 20 E 3.8

KARANG BUSUNG 0 08 N 104 41 E 8.14

KARANG CUHOORN 0 26 S 103 41 E 8.65

KARANG GADING 3 56 N 98 39 E 4.16

KARANG GALANG 1 09 N 104 11 E 8.30

KARANG GALANG LIGHT 1 10.0 N 104 11.5 E 9.3

KARANG KAMELEON 0 31 N 104 08 E 8.68

KARANG LANDJUT 0 50 N 104 29 E 8.42

KARANG LEMAN 0 28 N 104 28 E 8.26

KARANG MAKASSAR 0 53 N 98 01 E 6.28

KARANG MANJANG 1 12 N 104 22 E 9.39

KARANG PASIR 0 49 N 104 29 E 8.42

KARANG PASSO 1 08 N 104 10 E 8.30

KARANG POLLUX 0 10 N 104 47 E 8.14

KARANG POSUMAH 0 37 S 98 40 E 6.39

KARANG RADA 5 27 N 95 09 E 6.2

KARANG RUMAMBI 2 13 N 97 46 E 6.16

KARANG SEGUTJI 0 43 N 104 22 E 8.28

KARANG SPEKE 0 37 S 104 06 E 8.64

KARANG TANGAH 1 02 N 103 44 E 9.5

KARANG TERLANA 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.9

KARAS ISLANDS 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.39

KARAS-KECIL 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.24

KARAS-KETJIL 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.21

KARIMON ISLANDS 1 05 N 103 30 E 8.1

KARIMUN ISLANDS 1 05 N 103 30 E 8.1

KARIMUN-KECIL 1 09 N 103 24 E 9.29

KAROTI 0 13 N 104 19 E 8.58

KARSIK REEF 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.9

KASIH GOSONG SAIBI 1 20 S 99 07 E 7.29

KATANG KATANG 1 52 S 100 34 E 7.12

KATANGLINGGA 0 30 N 104 25 E 8.61

KATEMAN ISLAND 0 16 N 103 41 E 8.56

KAYU ARA 0 50 N 104 56 E 8.16

KEBAT 0 23 N 104 18 E 8.81

KEBAT ISLAND 0 23 N 104 18 E 8.67

KEBAT 0 23 N 104 18 E 8.61

KEIZERSPIEK 5 26 S 104 40 E 7.23

KELING ISLAND 0 41 S 104 28 E 8.13

KELOMBANG ROCKS 0 09 N 104 36 E 8.14

KELONTJING 0 49 N 103 42 E 8.78

KENIPAAN 0 54 N 103 20 E 5.17

KENT ROCKS 1 09 N 103 41 E 9.4

KEPPEL HARBOR 1 16 N 103 50 E 9.31

KEPULAUAN BATU 0 10 S 98 30 E 7.8

KEPULAUAN BATU 0 18 S 98 28 E 6.36

KEPULAUAN LIMA 0 16 S 104 27 E 8.58

KEPULAUAN LINGGA 3 05 N 105 00 E 9.1

KEPULAUAN MELOR 0 44 N 104 11 E 8.23

KEPULAUAN PENJABUNG 0 43 N 104 13 E 8.26

KEPULAUAN RIAU 1 00 N 105 00 E 9.1

KEPULAUAN RUKAN 0 35 N 103 47 E 8.71
164 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

KEPULAUAN SINGKEPLAUT 0 42 S 104 28 E 8.53

KEPULAUN MENTAWAI 2 00 S 99 30 E 7.25

KETAHUN 3 23 S 101 49 E 7.15

KETAUN 3 23 S 101 49 E 7.15

KETIR 1 00 N 104 26 E 8.37

KETJIL 0 04 S 104 50 E 8.5

KHLONG BO SAEN 8 22 N 98 37 E 1.13

KIDJANG 0 40 S 103 21 E 8.55

KIDJANG STRAIT 0 50 N 104 37 E 8.9

KIJANG 0 51 N 104 36 E 8.10

KIKI 2 33 S 100 04 E 7.40

KLANG 3 00 N 101 24 E 2.16

KO BULAN 6 50 N 99 41 E 1.21

KO BULAOBOT 7 05 N 99 42 E 1.20

KO BULON LE 6 50 N 99 32 E 1.20

KO CHONG LAT 8 16 N 98 38 E 1.13

KO HA YAI 7 26 N 98 54 E 1.17

KO KHAO YAI 6 50 N 99 42 E 1.19

KO KHLUI 8 14 N 98 39 E 1.13

KO LANTA YAI 7 35 N 99 04 E 1.16

KO LIANG NUA 7 07 N 99 25 E 1.20

KO LIPI 7 57 N 98 31 E 1.7

KO MAI THON 7 45 N 98 29 E 1.5

KO MAK 8 17 N 98 35 E 1.13

KO PHIPHI DON 7 45 N 98 47 E 1.16

KO PHRAYA NAK 7 41 N 98 46 E 1.16

KO PHUDU YAI 8 11 N 98 39 E 1.10

KO PO 7 32 N 99 07 E 1.16

KO PU 7 51 N 98 57 E 1.14

KO RACHI YAI 7 36 N 98 22 E 1.5

KO RAYA RING 8 17 N 98 30 E 1.12

KO SUP 8 01 N 98 32 E 1.12

KO TALIBONG 7 15 N 99 24 E 1.18

KO TAMMALANG 6 35 N 100 00 E 1.21

KO TANGA 6 34 N 99 27 E 1.22

KO TAPHAO YAI 7 50 N 98 25 E 1.6

KO TARUTAO 6 43 N 99 38 E 1.20

KO WAEO 7 46 N 98 24 E 1.5

KO WAEO 8 02 N 98 16 E 1.4

KO YAO YAI 8 00 N 98 36 E 1.9

KOEJOE ISLAND 0 24 N 104 34 E 8.8

KOEMBANG 1 19 S 100 26 E 7.13

KOENDOER 0 45 N 103 26 E 8.76

KOKOS ISLANDS 2 59 N 95 23 E 6.14

KONGKA BESAR 0 03 S 104 51 E 8.5

KONGKA KECIL 0 04 S 104 50 E 8.5

KOREK RAPAT 0 40 N 104 21 E 8.23

KOTADABOK 0 30 S 104 34 E 8.18

KOTADAIK 0 14 S 104 38 E 8.4

KRABI 8 04 N 98 55 E 1.15

KRANJI RESERVOIR 1 26 N 103 44 E 9.65

KROEENG RABA BAY 5 28 N 95 04 E 6.2

KROKODIL 0 00 N 104 53 E 8.6

KRUENG BARO 5 23 N 95 58 E 3.16

KRUENG JAMBUAIR 5 15 N 97 29 E 3.20

KRUENG SAMALANGA 5 13 N 96 22 E 3.17

KRUENGGEUKUEH 5 15 N 97 02 E 3.19

KRUENGRAYA 5 36 N 95 30 E 3.15

KRUNG RAYA BAY 5 37 N 95 30 E 3.14

KUAH 6 19 N 99 51 E 1.25

KUALA BERBAK 1 04 S 104 12 E 8.55

KUALA BERNAM 3 50 N 100 47 E 2.11

KUALA BEUKAH OIL TERMINAL 4 53 N 97 57 E 4.9

KUALA GEUKUEH 5 15 N 97 02 E 3.18

KUALA JARUM MAS 4 32 N 100 37 E 2.3

KUALA JOHOR 1 20 N 104 05 E 9.44

KUALA LAJAU 0 25 S 103 36 E 8.56

KUALA LANGSA 4 32 N 98 01 E 4.10

KUALA LARUT 4 47 N 100 34 E 2.3

KUALA NIUR 1 01 S 103 49 E 8.55

KUALA NJONG 5 16 N 96 08 E 3.17

KUALA SELANGOR 3 20 N 101 14 E 2.11

KUALA SUNGAI JOHOR 1 20 N 104 05 E 9.44

KUALA TAPAK KUDA 3 59 N 98 33 E 4.16

KUALA TJANGKUL 4 08 N 96 08 E 6.7

KUMBANG 1 19 S 100 26 E 7.13

KURINCHI PEAK 1 41 S 101 15 E 7.12

L

LABAJAU 3 05 S 100 28 E 7.43

LABOE 0 30 S 104 29 E 8.18

LABOEHAN 0 15 S 99 50 E 7.7

LABOEN 0 39 N 104 13 E 8.23

LABUAN BADJAU 0 56 S 98 55 E 7.27

LABUAN JAMBU 5 20 S 104 01 E 7.21

LABUAN LULU REEF 0 10 N 99 10 E 7.8

LABUAN SIGING 5 31 S 104 12 E 7.21

LABUAN TAPOKAN 5 16 S 103 58 E 7.21

LABUAN TOPOKAN 5 16 S 103 58 E 7.24

LABUANG LULU REEF 0 10 N 99 10 E 7.5

LAEM HANG NAK 8 01 N 98 46 E 1.14

LAEM KLUEI 7 49 N 98 24 E 1.7

LAEM MARA 6 44 N 99 39 E 1.21

LAEM PHAN WA 7 48 N 98 25 E 1.6

LAEM PHAP PHA 7 52 N 98 26 E 1.7

LAEM PLONG 8 05 N 98 45 E 1.15

LAEM SAK 8 16 N 98 39 E 1.14

LAEM SOM 8 08 N 98 26 E 1.11

LAEM TAENG 8 13 N 98 43 E 1.14

LAEM TANYONG LANAI 6 58 N 99 41 E 1.19

LAGOI REEF 1 12 N 104 21 E 9.39

LAJANG 5 33 N 95 13 E 3.13

LAKI LAKI 1 26 S 99 09 E 7.29

LALANG MARINE TERMINAL 1 11 N 102 13 E 5.11

LAM PANAIH 5 36 N 95 40 E 3.16

LAMPANAIH 5 36 N 95 40 E 3.16

LANGGAR 5 49 S 104 33 E 7.24

LANGGAR PEAK 5 49 S 104 33 E 7.23

LANGKAH BLAK 1 20 N 104 08 E 9.47

LANGKAWI SOUND 6 28 N 99 40 E 1.23,

1.24

LANGSA BAY 4 34 N 98 103 E 4.9

LAUT 0 17 N 98 42 E 6.37

LAVIS SHOAL 1 28 N 103 51 E 9.73

LEBAR REEF 3 56 S 102 12 E 7.17

LEDA ROCK 0 11 N 104 09 E 8.65

LEE ISLET 0 59 N 104 51 E 8.10

LEKIR BULK TERMINAL 4 09 N 100 37 E 2.6

LENGGOK 1 52 S 100 53 E 7.13

LHO LAM BARO 5 40 N 95 03 E 3.5

LHOK ALUR AJEUM 5 36 N 95 08 E 3.7

LHOKKRUET 4 52 N 95 24 E 6.4

LHOKSEUMAWE 5 15 N 97 07 E 3.19

LIBUAT ISLAND 3 07 S 100 14 E 7.44

LIGHTED BEACON NO.45 1 11 N 103 48 E 9.29

LIMA CHANNEL 1 21 N 104 17 E 9.50

LIMA ISLANDS 1 22 N 104 18 E 9.42

LIMA STRAIT 0 16 S 104 26 E 8.58

LIMAS 0 15 N 104 30 E 8.15

LIMBOENG BAY 0 10 S 104 47 E 8.7

LINGGA ARCHIPELAGO 3 05 N 105 00 E 9.1

LINGGA BAY 0 15 S 104 40 E 8.13

LITTLE DOERIAN 0 44 N 103 40 E 8.74

LITTLE DURIAN 0 44 N 103 40 E 8.74

LITTLE KARIMUN 1 09 N 103 24 E 5.20

LOBAM 0 10 N 104 11 E 8.59

LOBAM-KECIL 0 58 N 104 13 E 8.37

LOEING 0 52 N 103 58 E 8.80

LOLOGOGO 0 55 N 97 49 E 6.27

LONG SHOAL 1 17 N 103 39 E 9.11

LOYANG 1 23 N 103 58 E 9.72

LOYANG LIGHTED BEACON 1 22 N 103 57 E 9.76

LUCY ROCK 1 24 N 103 39 E 9.63

LUING 0 52 N 103 58 E 8.80

LUMIT MARITIME TERMINAL 4 15 N 100 39 E 2.6

LUMPAT 5 35 N 95 13 E 3.7

LUMUT 4 14 N 100 38 E 2.6

M

MAARA SAIBI 1 20 S 99 05 E 7.28

MADGEBURG SHOAL 0 26 N 104 35 E 8.15

MAKASSAR REEFS 0 53 N 98 01 E 6.28

MAKASSER 1 30 N 98 24 E 6.30

MAKASSER REEF 0 07 N 99 13 E 7.5

MAKASSER REEF 0 48 S 98 37 E 6.39

MAKHAM BAY 7 49 N 98 25 E 1.6

MALACCA PASSAGE 5 45 N 95 23 E 3.8

MALAHAYATI PORT 5 36 N 95 30 E 3.15

MALAKONI 5 21 S 102 17 E 7.47

MALANG BANG 0 24 S 104 16 E 8.55
Index—Gazetteer 165

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

MALANG BERDAUN 0 49 N 104 28 E 8.42

MALANG BERDAUN 1 21 N 104 06 E 9.46

MALANG BILANG 0 11 S 104 55 E 8.5

MALANG DJARUM 1 06 N 104 13 E 8.39

MALANG LADI 1 05 N 104 13 E 8.46

MALANG ORANG 1 08 N 104 10 E 8.30

MALANG PAPAN LIGHTED BEACON 1 24 N 103 59 E 9.76

MALANG SENGGERA 1 04 N 104 13 E 8.46

MALANG TIGA 1 23 N 104 02 E 9.45

MALAY POINT AND MALAY SPIT 1 16 N 103 51 E 9.25

MANA 4 29 S 102 54 E 7.19

MANINDJOET 0 34 S 104 27 E 8.18

MANTARAS-BESAR 0 52 N 103 38 E 8.75

MANTARAS-KECIL 0 52 N 103 37 E 8.75

MARAPI 0 23 S 100 28 E 7.7

MARAS ROCKS 0 05 S 104 53 E 8.5

MARINA SOUTH 1 16 N 103 52 E 9.30

MARLBRO 1 02 S 100 21 E 7.9

MARLBRO LIGHT 1 02 S 100 21 E 7.8

MASANG 0 16 S 99 53 E 7.7

MASEHEE ISLAND 1 43 S 99 15 E 7.30

MAY ROCK 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.64

MEGALANG 0 17 S 104 39 E 8.14

MELAKA 2 12 N 102 15 E 5.31

MELIBON 1 01 N 104 46 E 8.16

MELVILL REEF 0 52 N 103 37 E 8.76

MENTAWEI ISLANDS 2 00 S 99 30 E 7.25

MENTIGI 0 30 S 104 15 E 8.53

MERLIN ROCK 1 23 N 104 05 E 9.46

MERODONG 0 24 N 104 27 E 8.8

MERODONG STRAIT 0 26 N 104 27 E 8.67

MEULABOH 4 08 N 96 08 E 6.8

MIDDELBURG REEF 0 51 N 103 34 E 8.82

MIDDEN ROCK 0 30 N 104 20 E 8.66

MIDDLE BROTHER 0 35 N 103 46 E 8.71

MIDDLE CHANNEL 1 21 N 104 23 E 9.55

MIDDLE ROCK 0 20 N 104 27 E 8.60

MIDDLE ROCK 1 03 N 104 46 E 8.17

MIDDLE ROCK 1 04 N 104 47 E 8.11

MIDDLE ROCKS 0 48 S 104 26 E 8.64

MIDDLE ROCKS 1 19 N 104 25 E 9.53

MOETJI 0 30 S 104 00 E 8.1

MOKKO MOKKO 2 34 S 101 07 E 7.15

MOLLER REEF 0 04 S 99 24 E 7.5

MORO LAUT 0 46 N 103 40 E 8.75

MOTTS POINT 4 15 N 100 35 E 2.4

MOUNT IMBIAH 15 23 N 103 49 E 9.28

MOUNT PANGILUN 0 55 S 100 22 E 7.8

MOUNT SERAPONG 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.28

MUAR 2 03 N 102 34 E 5.33

MUARASABAK 1 08 S 103 51 E 8.55

MUARASAIBI 1 20 S 99 05 E 7.28

MUBI 0 32 S 104 02 E 8.54

MUDU 1 06 N 103 17 E 5.19

MUKA HEAD 5 28 N 100 11 E 1.31

MUKO 2 13 S 99 32 E 7.35

MUREI 0 49 N 103 41 E 8.78

N

NANGOI 1 10 N 103 22 E 5.20

NANUUA 5 27 S 102 20 E 7.48

NATAL 0 33 N 99 07 E 6.34

NATAL ROAD 0 33 N 99 05 E 6.34

NENAS CHANNEL 1 25 N 103 58 E 9.67

NETSCHER SHOAL 1 09 N 104 15 E 8.46

NEW SHELL JETTY 2 32 N 101 47 E 4.

NGENANG 1 00 N 104 10 E 8.25

NGINANG REEF 0 59 N 104 11 E 8.29

NGOEAL 0 39 N 104 15 E 8.23

NIJUR ISLETS 0 32 N 104 15 E 8.68

NIKVI 1 03 N 104 43 E 8.20

NJAMOEK 1 16 S 100 18 E 7.6

NJAMOK 0 20 N 104 33 E 8.8

NOEMBING 0 45 N 104 44 E 8.11

NORTH BROTHER 0 37 N 103 46 E 8.71

NORTH CHANNEL 1 30 N 104 23 E 9.57

NORTH DAPHNE REEF 2 13 N 97 46 E 6.16

NORTH PAGI 2 40 S 100 05 E 7.38

NORTH PASSAGE ISLAND 0 46 N 103 38 E 8.74

NORTH PATCH 1 29 N 104 27 E 9.52

NORTH ROCK 1 23 N 104 18 E 9.51

NORTH SANDS 3 05 N 101 01 E 2.13

NORTHWEST ISLAND 5 48 N 94 58 E 3.3

NUMBING 0 45 N 104 44 E 8.19

NUSA 2 51 S 100 08 E 7.39

NYAMUK 0 48 S 104 56 E 8.2

NYANG NYANG 1 51 S 99 14 E 7.31

O

OBSERVATION POINT 0 26 N 104 31 E 8.8

OBSERVATION ROCK 0 36 N 104 06 E 8.69

OEDIEP 0 32 N 104 18 E 8.62

OEDJOENG 0 25 S 99 53 E 7.8

OEDJOENG DJOENGOET BATOE PATI 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.6

OEDJOENG PASIR GALA 2 24 N 97 40 E 6.16

OEDJOENG RADJA 1 36 S 100 38 E 7.11

OEDJOENG TALOEK KASAI 1 27 S 100 33 E 7.11

OEDJOENG TANDJOENG 2 09 S 100 49 E 7.12

OEDJOENG TANGKOERA 5 07 N 95 17 E 6.3

OETAN BESAR 0 15 N 104 29 E 8.7

OG AHOE 3 55 N 98 39 E 4.16

OMPAK 0 15 N 104 19 E 8.60

ONE FATHOM BANK 2 53 N 100 59 E 2.13

ONGGOET 0 40 N 103 30 E 8.76

ORDNANCE REACH 1 28 N 103 47 E 9.76

ORION ROCK 0 58 N 104 13 E 8.46

OUTER MATI BANK 3 28 N 99 35 E 4.2

OUTER SHOAL 1 15 N 103 52 E 9.26

P

PA SINGKEP 0 30 S 104 35 E 8.13

PADANG 0 57 S 100 21 E 7.5

PADANG BERG 0 58 S 100 22 E 7.8

PADANG GUCHI 4 35 S 103 08 E 7.20

PADANG ROAD 0 59 S 100 18 E 7.4

PAINAN BAY 1 22 S 100 34 E 7.11

PAK NAM SATUN 6 30 N 100 05 E 1.26

PAKAUL ISLET 0 52 N 104 14 E 8.31

PAKNAM SATUL 6 30 N 100 05 E 1.26

PALAU SALAHNAMA 3 20 N 99 43 E 4.2

PALOI 0 55 N 103 49 E 8.80

PAN REEF 1 09 N 104 11 E 8.30

PANDAN 2 44 S 101 51 E 7.16

PANDAN 4 34 S 103 31 E 7.23

PANDAN GADANG 1 54 S 101 08 E 7.13

PANDJANG 0 11 N 99 18 E 7.1

PANDJANG 1 03 N 98 18 E 6.30

PANDJI 0 15 S 99 51 E 7.7

PANGELE 0 09 N 104 24 E 8.58

PANGELEON 0 55 S 100 22 E 7.8

PANGKALAN 4 07 N 98 13 E 4.14

PANGKALAN OIL TERMINAL 4 13 N 98 25 E 4.13

PANGKALANSUSU 4 07 N 98 13 E 4.14

PANGKIL REEF 0 51 N 104 21 E 8.44

PANJOE 1 30 S 100 26 E 7.14

PANYU 1 30 S 100 26 E 7.14

PAOE 0 47 N 103 42 E 8.78

PARIAMAN 0 38 S 100 07 E 7.3

PARIAMAN ISLANDS 0 39 S 100 06 E 7.3

PARIAMAN ROAD 0 38 S 100 06 E 7.2

PASAR BANTAL 2 45 S 101 20 E 7.15

PASAR IPU 3 01 S 101 29 E 7.15

PASAR IPUH 3 01 S 101 29 E 7.15

PASARALAS 4 19 S 102 45 E 7.19

PASARPINOH 4 24 S 102 50 E 7.20

PASIR GEDANG 1 01 S 100 21 E 7.9

PASIR GUDANG PORT 1 26 N 103 54 E 9.71

PASIR PANDJANG 0 10 S 104 55 E 8.5

PASIR PANJANG 1 16 N 103 48 E 9.32

PASIR PANJANG TERMINAL 1 17 N 103 46 E 9.14

PASIR PANJANG WHARVES 1 16 N 103 47 E 9.14

PASOP REEF 1 11 N 104 09 E 8.31

PASSAGE ROCK 1 01 N 104 51 E 8.16

PATA SAMBILAN 3 47 S 102 14 E 7.17

PATA SAMBILAN REEF 3 47 S 102 14 E 7.17

PAVILION 1 22 N 103 56 E 9.76

PEAK ISLAND 1 13 N 103 52 E 9.27

PEAK ROCK 1 21 N 104 18 E 9.51
166 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

PEDISSA STRAIT 1 01 N 104 10 E 8.25

PEDRA BRANCA 1 20 N 104 24 E 9.53

PEJABA ISLANDS 4 43 N 95 28 E 6.4

PELABUHAN BASS 6 19 N 99 50 E 1.25

PELABUHAN BATU AMPAR 1 10 N 104 00 E 9.37

PELABUHAN BATUAMPAR 1 10 N 104 00 E 9.37

PELANG 0 21 S 104 26 E 8.65

PENANG HARBOR 5 25 N 100 21 E 1.31

PENCARAS 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

PENGELAP 0 30 N 104 17 E 8.62

PENGELAP STRAIT 0 29 N 104 20 E 8.67

PENGKALAN KEMPAS 2 26 N 102 01 E 5.25

PENIKA ISLET 0 46 N 104 17 E 8.24

PENJABOENG STRAIT 0 42 N 104 14 E 8.23

PENOH ISLAND 0 05 S 104 51 E 8.6

PENOH LAOET 0 05 S 104 50 E 8.6

PENYABUNG ROCK 0 38 N 104 13 E 8.26

PERASI ISLAND 0 46 N 103 38 E 8.74

PERPAT 0 39 S 104 30 E 8.3

PETRO CHINA MARINE TERMINAL 0 55 S 104 05 E 8.53

PEUNASOE 5 37 N 95 09 E 3.6

PEUNIMPUN HILL 5 54 N 95 19 E 3.10

PHANGNGA 8 28 N 98 32 E 1.12

PHILLIP CHANNEL 1 05 N 103 45 E 9.5

PHUKET 7 53 N 98 23 E 1.8

PHUKET HARBOR 7 49 N 98 24 E 1.7

PIEK VAN LINGGA 0 12 S 104 33 E 8.18

PINANG HARBOR 5 25 N 100 21 E 1.31

PINANG PINANG 2 30 S 100 00 E 7.38

PINTOE 0 23 N 104 19 E 8.61

PINTU 0 23 N 104 19 E 8.61

PISANG 1 00 S 100 20 E 7.4

PITOYAT 2 08 S 99 31 E 7.37

PLASIT REEF 1 01 N 104 14 E 8.46

PLATTE HOVEL 4 16 N 98 09 E 4.13

PLOKANG BAY 2 33 S 101 05 E 7.16

POENGGOENG 0 44 N 104 30 E 8.47

POLLUX ROCK 0 10 N 104 47 E 8.49

POLLUX ROCKS 0 48 S 104 28 E 8.64

POMPONG 0 22 N 104 15 E 8.61

PONCHANG KECHIL 1 44 N 98 45 E 6.31

PORT DICKSON 2 31 N 101 48 E 5.24

PORT JURONG 1 18 N 103 44 E 9.13

PORT KELANG 3 00 N 101 24 E 2.16

PORT KLANG 3 00 N 101 24 E 2.16

PORT PANGKOR 4 13 N 100 35 E 2.5

PORT WELD 4 50 N 100 38 E 2.3

POSIK 0 23 S 104 12 E 8.54

PRIAMAN 0 38 S 100 07 E 7.3

PRIAMAN ROAD 0 38 S 100 06 E 7.2

PSA 1 13 N 103 40 E 9.17

PUGUNG 4 59 S 103 51 E 7.23

PULAS BERALAS 0 30 S 104 02 E 8.54

PULAU ABANG-BESAR 0 35 N 104 12 E 8.68

PULAU ABANG-KECIL 0 33 N 104 14 E 8.67

PULAU AGAS 4 04 N 100 35 E 2.7

PULAU AIR 0 53 S 100 12 E 7.8

PULAU AIRAJA 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU AIRRADJA 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU AJER RADJA 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU ALANGTIGA 0 31 S 104 02 E 8.54

PULAU AMPAR 1 03 N 103 49 E 9.5

PULAU ANAKPETONG 0 38 N 104 02 E 8.69

PULAU ANAKSAMBU 1 10 N 103 54 E 9.9

PULAU ANGSA 3 11 N 101 13 E 2.14

PULAU ANTU 0 48 N 104 31 E 8.40

PULAU AUR 2 26 N 104 32 E 9.55

PULAU BABI 0 57 N 103 22 E 5.17

PULAU BABI 2 06 N 96 39 E 6.15

PULAU BADAS 0 55 N 103 48 E 8.80

PULAU BAKONG 0 06 N 104 26 E 8.58

PULAU BAKUNG 0 06 N 104 26 E 8.58

PULAU BANDO 0 46 S 99 59 E 7.6

PULAU BANGKAROE 2 05 N 97 07 E 6.15

PULAU BANGKARU 2 05 N 97 07 E 6.15

PULAU BASING 0 51 N 104 26 E 8.34

PULAU BATOE BELOBANG 0 40 N 104 19 E 8.26

PULAU BATU BELOBANG 0 40 N 104 19 E 8.26

PULAU BATU KECIL 5 54 S 104 27 E 7.22

PULAU BATUBELOBANG 0 40 N 104 19 E 8.26

PULAU BAWA 0 50 N 97 20 E 6.23

PULAU BELADING 0 48 N 104 29 E 8.33

PULAU BELAKANGPADANG 1 09 N 103 53 E 9.7

PULAU BELAT 0 49 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU BELEMBANG 0 53 N 103 14 E 5.17

PULAU BELOEKAR 0 50 N 103 39 E 8.75

PULAU BELUKAR 0 50 N 103 39 E 8.75

PULAU BENGGALA 5 48 N 94 58 E 3.3

PULAU BENGKALIS 1 29 N 102 16 E 5.8

PULAU BERAKIT 1 14 N 104 35 E 9.41

PULAU BERHALA 0 52 S 104 24 E 8.52

PULAU BERHALA 3 47 N 99 30 E 4.2

PULAU BERLANGKAP 1 06 N 104 40 E 8.11

PULAU BERUAN 0 46 N 104 49 E 8.11

PULAU BEUEH 5 45 N 95 04 E 3.3

PULAU BILAT 0 49 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU BINDALANG 0 59 S 100 12 E 7.8

PULAU BINTAN 1 00 N 104 34 E 9.38

PULAU BINTANAH 1 29 N 98 10 E 6.30

PULAU BIOLA 1 09 N 103 44 E 9.21

PULAU BODJO 0 38 S 98 31 E 6.39

PULAU BOEAJA 0 11 N 104 13 E 8.59

PULAU BOEAU 1 03 N 104 14 E 8.38

PULAU BOELAN 0 59 N 103 53 E 8.80

PULAU BOEROE 0 53 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU BOEROENG 0 26 N 103 34 E 8.57

PULAU BOESOENG 0 08 S 103 36 E 8.62

PULAU BORAU 6 18 N 99 42 E 1.24

PULAU BORUS 0 48 N 104 45 E 8.9

PULAU BOTIEK 1 53 S 99 16 E 7.31

PULAU BRANI 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.33

PULAU BUAN 1 03 N 104 14 E 8.38

PULAU BUAU 1 03 N 104 14 E 8.38

PULAU BUAYA 0 11 N 104 13 E 8.59

PULAU BUJANG 0 08 S 104 55 E 8.5

PULAU BUKOM 1 14 N 103 46 E 9.19

PULAU BUKOM KECHIL 1 13 N 103 46 E 9.20

PULAU BULAN 0 59 N 103 53 E 8.80

PULAU BULOH 1 27 N 103 44 E 9.64

PULAU BUNTA 0 16 S 104 07 E 8.54

PULAU BUNUT 0 47 N 104 35 E 8.40

PULAU BURO 5 41 N 95 23 E 3.14

PULAU BURU 0 53 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU BURUNG 0 26 N 103 34 E 8.57

PULAU BURUNG 0 51 N 103 14 E 5.17

PULAU BUSING 1 14 N 103 45 E 9.18

PULAU BUSUNG 0 08 S 103 36 E 8.62

PULAU CEMARA 0 55 N 104 13 E 8.24

PULAU CEMPAH 0 09 N 104 19 E 8.58

PULAU CHE KAMAT 1 21 N 104 14 E 9.47

PULAU CHE MAT ZIN 2 55 N 101 16 E 2.15

PULAU CHORONG 6 19 N 99 56 E 1.24

PULAU CULA 1 02 N 103 43 E 9.5

PULAU DAMAR LAUT 1 18 N 103 43 E 9.13

PULAU DANGAS 1 09 N 103 57 E 9.37

PULAU DEGONG 0 47 N 103 32 E 8.76

PULAU DEMPO 0 36 N 104 19 E 8.23

PULAU DJANGKAT 0 58 N 103 43 E 8.81

PULAU DODIKI 1 50 S 90 08 E 7.31

PULAU DOERAI 0 31 N 103 36 E 8.73

PULAU DOMPAK 0 53 N 104 27 E 8.34

PULAU DONGAS 1 09 N 103 57 E 9.37

PULAU DUA 5 27 S 102 24 E 7.46

PULAU DUKU 0 54 N 103 48 E 8.80

PULAU DURAI 0 31 N 103 36 E 8.73

PULAU DURIAN BESAR 0 43 N 103 43 E 8.74

PULAU DURIAN KECIL 0 44 N 103 40 E 8.74

PULAU ENGANO 5 23 S 102 15 E 7.46

PULAU ENGGANO 5 23 S 102 15 E 7.46

PULAU GALANG 0 45 N 104 14 E 8.22

PULAU GALANG BARU 0 40 N 104 16 E 8.22

PULAU GENTONG 0 09 N 104 17 E 8.59

PULAU GEPON 5 37 N 95 03 E 3.6

PULAU GERUDA 1 22 N 104 18 E 9.50

PULAU GIN-BESAR 0 45 N 104 44 E 8.49

PULAU GOJONG 0 11 S 104 54 E 8.5

PULAU HALANG 2 11 N 100 39 E 4.25

PULAU HANTU 1 13 N 103 45 E 9.18

PULAU HANTU 1 15 N 103 48 E 9.33

PULAU HINAKO 0 52 N 97 20 E 6.23

PULAU ITIK 0 53 N 103 39 E 8.75

PULAU IYU BESAR 1 11 N 103 21 E 5.20

PULAU IYU KECHIL 1 11.5 N 103 21.2 E 9.3

PULAU JAGA 0 51 N 103 42 E 8.82
Index—Gazetteer 167

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

PULAU JANGKAT 0 58 N 103 43 E 8.70,

9.3

PULAU JARAK 3 59 N 100 06 E 2.8

PULAU JAWANG 0 06 S 103 33 E 8.62

PULAU JEMUR 2 53 N 100 34 E 4.3

PULAU JONG 1 12 N 103 47 E 9.24

PULAU JUJUAT 1 48 S 99 02 E 7.32

PULAU KAMBAT 0 48 N 104 40 E 8.9

PULAU KAPALADJERNIH 1 00 N 103 47 E 8.77

PULAU KARAMAJET 1 55 S 99 18 E 7.31

PULAU KARANG 1 01 S 98 57 E 7.27

PULAU KARANG 1 58 N 98 21 E 6.20

PULAU KARANGMAJAT 1 55 S 99 18 E 7.31

PULAU KARAS- KEBIL 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.31

PULAU KARAS-BESAR 0 45 N 104 20 E 8.24

PULAU KARAS-KECIL 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.21

PULAU KARASKECIL LIGHT 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.49

PULAU KARAS-KETJIL 0 44 N 104 22 E 8.24

PULAU KARSIK 0 36 S 100 04 E 7.3

PULAU KARSOGU 0 43 N 103 39 E 8.81

PULAU KAS 0 37 N 103 39 E 8.74

PULAU KASI 0 12 N 99 19 E 7.2

PULAU KATANGKATANG 1 52 S 100 34 E 7.12

PULAU KATANGLINGGA 0 30 N 104 25 E 8.22

PULAU KAYUARA 0 49 N 104 56 E 8.10

PULAU KEKIP 0 47 N 104 33 E 8.41

PULAU KELANG 3 04 N 101 19 E 2.14

PULAU KELONG 0 50 N 104 39 E 8.9

PULAU KEMPAAN 0 54 N 103 20 E 5.17

PULAU KENTAR 0 02 N 104 46 E 8.6

PULAU KERA 1 04 N 103 48 E 9.5

PULAU KETAM 1 24 N 103 51 E 9.69

PULAU KEUEH 4 46 N 95 27 E 6.4

PULAU KIDJANG 0 40 S 103 21 E 8.55

PULAU KIJANG 0 40 S 103 21 E 8.55

PULAU KLAH 5 53 N 95 18 E 3.9

PULAU KOENDOER 0 45 N 103 26 E 8.76

PULAU KOKAU 0 20 S 104 56 E 8.4

PULAU KOKO 1 13 N 104 35 E 9.41

PULAU KONGKA-BESAR 0 03 S 104 51 E 8.5

PULAU KORANIKI 1 50 S 99 08 E 7.31

PULAU KUKUP 1 19 N 103 25 E 5.37

PULAU KUMPAI 4 13 N 98 14 E 4.13

PULAU KUNDUR 0 45 N 103 26 E 8.76

PULAU LABON 1 06 N 103 47 E 9.5

PULAU LABU 0 51 N 98 57 E 6.32

PULAU LABUN 0 39 N 104 13 E 8.23

PULAU LAKOTA 1 51 N 98 01 E 6.18

PULAU LALANG 0 50 N 103 17 E 5.16

PULAU LANGEIRAK 1 04 S 98 57 E 7.27

PULAU LANGKAWI 6 22 N 99 48 E 1.22

PULAU LAUT 0 11 N 104 17 E 8.59

PULAU LAYANG 1 36 N 103 59 E 9.45

PULAU LIMA 1 22 N 104 17 E 9.50

PULAU LIMO 1 05 S 98 57 E 7.27

PULAU LINGGA 0 10 S 104 35 E 8.3

PULAU LOBAM 0 59 N 104 15 E 8.37

PULAU LOBAM-KECIL 0 59 N 104 14 E 8.45

PULAU LOBAM-KETJIL 0 59 N 104 14 E 8.37

PULAU LOBAN 0 59 N 104 15 E 8.37

PULAU LOS 0 57 N 104 24 E 8.36

PULAU LOS 0 57 N 104 25 E 8.36

PULAU MAINU 1 51 S 99 18 E 7.31

PULAU MALANGBILANG 0 11 S 104 55 E 8.5

PULAU MANGGUNG 0 49 N 103 05 E 5.15

PULAU MANTANG 0 47 N 104 33 E 8.32

PULAU MAPOR 1 00 N 104 49 E 8.11

PULAU MAPUR 1 00 N 104 49 E 8.11

PULAU MARAK 1 12 S 100 18 E 7.8

PULAU MARIAM 1 09 N 103 54 E 9.9

PULAU MASOKUT 1 51 S 99 14 E 7.31

PULAU MAUSI 1 21 N 97 06 E 6.22

PULAU MEDANG 2 05 N 101 40 E 5.5

PULAU MEGA 4 00 S 101 02 E 7.45

PULAU MENTANGOR 4 14 N 100 32 E 2.5

PULAU MERAMBONG 1 19 N 103 37 E 9.61

PULAU MERAPAS 0 56 N 104 55 E 8.11

PULAU MERATI 0 18 S 105 01 E 8.4

PULAU MERBAU 1 03 N 102 32 E 5.13

PULAU MESANAK 0 25 N 104 31 E 8.8

PULAU MUBI 0 32 S 104 02 E 8.54

PULAU MUBUT DURAT 0 49 N 104 18 E 8.28

PULAU MUBUT LAUT 0 49 N 104 18 E 8.24

PULAU MUCI 0 32 S 104 02 E 8.54

PULAU MUNGGING 1 21 N 104 18 E 9.50

PULAU MUSALA 1 38 N 98 32 E 6.30

PULAU MUTYI 0 30 S 104 00 E 8.1

PULAU MUTYI 0 32 S 104 02 E 8.62

PULAU NASI 5 37 N 95 09 E 3.6

PULAU NENAS 1 25 N 103 58 E 9.68

PULAU NGAL 0 41 N 103 35 E 8.74

PULAU NGENANG 1 00 N 104 10 E 8.49

PULAU NGIAU 1 52 S 99 05 E 7.32

PULAU NGINANG 1 00 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU NGUAL 0 39 N 104 15 E 8.23

PULAU NIAS 1 32 N 97 20 E 6.21

PULAU NIKOI 1 03 N 104 43 E 8.20

PULAU NIPA 1 09 N 103 40 E 9.4

PULAU NIPA LIGHT 1 09 N 103 40 E 8.82

PULAU NIRUP 1 08 N 103 50 E 9.6

PULAU NOKO 2 13 S 99 32 E 7.35

PULAU NONGSA 1 12 N 104 05 E 9.38

PULAU NUMBING 0 45 N 104 44 E 8.11

PULAU NYAMOK 0 20 N 104 33 E 8.8

PULAU NYAMUK 1 16 S 100 18 E 7.6

PULAU NYAMUK LIGHT 1 16 S 100 18 E 7.8

PULAU OEDJOENG BATOE 2 20 N 97 24 E 6.16

PULAU ONGGOET 0 40 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU PAGAI UTARA 2 40 S 100 05 E 7.38

PULAU PANDAN 0 15 S 104 21 E 8.58

PULAU PANDAN 0 57 S 100 08 E 7.8

PULAU PANDAN-BESAR 0 57 N 103 29 E 8.76

PULAU PANDANG 3 25 N 99 45 E 4.2

PULAU PANDJANG 0 48 N 104 09 E 8.23

PULAU PANDJANG 0 51 N 103 41 E 8.75

PULAU PANGKAL 0 08 N 99 17 E 7.1

PULAU PANGKIL 0 50 N 104 22 E 8.33

PULAU PANGKOR 4 13 N 100 34 E 2.5

PULAU PANGKOR LAUT 4 12 N 100 32 E 2.5

PULAU PANJANG 0 11 N 99 18 E 7.1

PULAU PANJANG 0 51 N 103 41 E 8.75

PULAU PANJANG SAIBI 1 22 S 99 07 E 7.28

PULAU PAOE 0 47 N 103 42 E 8.78

PULAU PAPAN 0 53 N 103 27 E 8.76

PULAU PASSAI 0 54 N 103 45 E 8.79

PULAU PAU 0 47 N 103 42 E 8.78

PULAU PAWAI 1 11 N 103 44 E 9.21

PULAU PAYA 6 04 N 100 02 E 1.28

PULAU PELAMPONG 1 07 N 103 42 E 9.4

PULAU PELANGKAT 0 45 N 103 35 E 8.74

PULAU PELANGKAT LIGHT 0 45 N 103 35 E 8.82

PULAU PEMPING BESAR 1 06 N 103 48 E 9.5

PULAU PENCARAS 0 58 N 104 11 E 8.29

PULAU PENGELAP 0 30 N 104 17 E 8.81

PULAU PENGELAP 0 37 S 104 15 E 8.54

PULAU PENJENGAT 0 56 N 104 25 E 8.35

PULAU PENTJARAS 0 58 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU PENYENGAT 0 56 N 104 25 E 8.35

PULAU PERAK 5 41 N 98 56 E 1.28

PULAU PERASI BESAR 0 43 N 103 39 E 8.74

PULAU PERASI KECIL 0 46 N 103 38 E 8.74

PULAU PERGAM 1 24 N 103 40 E 9.63

PULAU PEROPOS 0 40 N 103 35 E 8.74

PULAU PETONG 0 38 N 104 05 E 8.69

PULAU PINANG 5 25 N 100 15 E 2.2

PULAU PINI 0 08 N 98 40 E 6.37

PULAU PISANG 0 52 N 103 54 E 8.80

PULAU PISANG 1 28 N 103 16 E 5.36

PULAU PISANG 5 07 S 103 51 E 7.20

PULAU PITOJETSABEU 3 01 S 100 09 E 7.41

PULAU PITOYAT 2 08 S 99 31 E 7.35

PULAU POMPONG 0 22 N 104 15 E 8.65

PULAU PONCAN-KECIL 1 44 N 98 45 E 6.31

PULAU POTOTOGAT 2 01 S 99 33 E 7.32

PULAU PUGAGO 0 10 N 99 17 E 7.1

PULAU PULAU BATU 0 18 S 98 28 E 6.36

PULAU PULAU HINAKO 0 50 N 97 22 E 6.23

PULAU PULON 0 09 S 104 27 E 8.58

PULAU RAJA 4 52 N 95 22 E 6.4

PULAU RANGAS 4 38 N 95 31 E 6.5

PULAU RANGGAS 0 45 N 104 29 E 8.32

PULAU REMPANG 0 52 N 104 09 E 8.23

PULAU RENGGAS 0 45 N 104 29 E 8.42

PULAU RENGGIS 1 15 N 103 48 E 9.33
168 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

PULAU REUSAM 4 39 N 95 33 E 6.6

PULAU RINTI 0 45 N 104 40 E 8.11

PULAU RONDO 6 05 N 95 07 E 3.2

PULAU RUBIAH 5 53 N 95 15 E 3.11

PULAU RUSA 5 17 N 95 12 E 6.3

PULAU RUSA BESAR 0 47 N 104 38 E 8.9

PULAU RUSA KECHIL 0 47 N 104 38 E 8.9

PULAU RUSAH 0 42 N 104 45 E 8.11

PULAU RUSAH 0 44 N 103 16 E 5.16

PULAU SAJAHAT 1 24 N 104 01 E 9.45

PULAU SAKENG 1 12 N 103 46 E 9.22

PULAU SAKIJANG BENDERA 1 13 N 103 51 E 9.25

PULAU SAKIJANG PELEPAH 1 13 N 103 51 E 9.29

PULAU SALU 1 13 N 103 42 E 9.18

PULAU SAMBU 1 10 N 103 54 E 9.9

PULAU SAMULUN 1 18 N 103 42 E 9.12

PULAU SANDAM LAUT 0 28 N 103 40 E 8.73

PULAU SANDING 3 28 S 100 39 E 7.44

PULAU SANGLANG BESAR 0 37 N 103 41 E 8.73

PULAU SANGLANG-KECIL 0 36 N 103 43 E 8.73

PULAU SAO 0 52 S 100 17 E 7.8

PULAU SARANG ALOE 1 59 N 97 23 E 6.20

PULAU SARANGBAUNG 1 42 N 97 27 E 6.21

PULAU SARIMBUN 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.64

PULAU SATU 5 28 S 102 14 E 7.46

PULAU SATUMU 1 10 N 103 45 E 9.21

PULAU SAU 1 04 N 104 11 E 8.25

PULAU SAYA 0 47 S 104 56 E 8.2

PULAU SEBANGKA 0 08 N 104 35 E 8.7

PULAU SEBAROK 1 12 N 103 47 E 9.23

PULAU SEBAROK SRC 1 12 N 103 48 E 9.23

PULAU SEGAL BESAR 0 34 N 103 40 E 8.73

PULAU SEGANTANG 6 03 N 99 56 E 1.27

PULAU SEKATAP 0 51 N 104 27 E 8.34

PULAU SEKERAH 1 07 N 104 14 E 9.41

PULAU SELAYAR 0 18 S 104 26 E 8.3

PULAU SELENTANG 0 07 S 105 00 E 8.5

PULAU SELETAR 1 26 N 103 52 E 9.72

PULAU SEMAKAU 1 12 N 103 45 E 9.22

PULAU SEMANGKA 0 54 N 103 50 E 8.80

PULAU SENAJOLONG 0 47 N 104 37 E 8.32

PULAU SENANG 1 10 N 103 44 E 9.21

PULAU SENAU 1 27 N 97 14 E 6.21

PULAU SENJOLONG 0 47 N 104 37 E 8.39

PULAU SENTUT 1 03 N 104 50 E 8.11

PULAU SEPATU 0 55 N 103 46 E 8.80

PULAU SERAI 0 45 N 104 35 E 8.47

PULAU SERAK 0 40 S 104 14 E 8.54

PULAU SERINGAT 1 13 N 103 51 E 9.26

PULAU SETAN 1 58 S 99 34 E 7.37

PULAU SI DAKAH 0 51 N 98 57 E 6.32

PULAU SI KELING 0 08 N 104 14 E 8.59

PULAU SIBABUI 1 44 S 99 18 E 7.30

PULAU SIBARUBARU 3 17 S 100 20 E 7.44

PULAU SIBERUT 1 20 S 99 50 E 7.26

PULAU SIBIGAU 3 04 S 100 11 E 7.41

PULAU SIBURU 1 59 S 99 35 E 7.37

PULAU SIDUAMATA 2 22 S 99 43 E 7.35

PULAU SIKELING 0 08 N 104 14 E 8.59

PULAU SILENSENG 0 18 S 104 07 E 8.54

PULAU SILINSENG 0 18 S 104 07 E 8.54

PULAU SIMEULUE 2 45 N 96 00 E 6.14

PULAU SIMONGA 3 16 S 100 34 E 7.42

PULAU SIMUK 0 05 S 97 52 E 6.36

PULAU SINGA KECHIL 6 15 N 99 45 E 1.25

PULAU SINGKEP 0 30 S 104 30 E 8.3

PULAU SIOEMAT 2 39 N 96 23 E 6.14

PULAU SIUMANG 3 14 S 100 31 E 7.42

PULAU SOEGI 0 50 N 103 47 E 8.77

PULAU SOREH 0 51 N 104 23 E 8.34

PULAU SUBANGMAS 0 57 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU SUBAR 1 09 N 103 50 E 9.6

PULAU SUDONG 1 12 N 103 43 E 9.20

PULAU SUGI 0 50 N 103 47 E 8.77

PULAU SUGI DARAT 0 47 N 103 43 E 8.78

PULAU SUGI LAUT 0 48 N 103 43 E 8.78

PULAU SUGIBAWAH 0 47 N 103 48 E 8.75

PULAU SUMPAT 1 11 N 104 31 E 9.40

PULAU SUNSA 0 19 S 105 00 E 8.4

PULAU TAITAITANOPO 3 10 S 100 30 E 7.42

PULAU TAKONG BESAR 1 07 N 103 43 E 9.4

PULAU TAKONG KECIL 1 06 N 103 43 E 9.4

PULAU TALANG 4 25 N 100 35 E 2.3

PULAU TALUR 0 07 N 99 21 E 7.1

PULAU TAMANG 0 22 N 99 05 E 6.35

PULAU TAMBELAS 0 59 N 103 13 E 5.17

PULAU TANAHBALA 0 25 S 98 25 E 6.37

PULAU TANAHMASA 0 12 S 98 27 E 6.36

PULAU TANDJOENG DAHAN 0 41 N 104 20 E 8.27

PULAU TANDJOENG SAOE 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU TANDJUK 0 56 N 104 12 E 8.25

PULAU TANDJUNG DAHAN 0 41 N 104 20 E 8.27

PULAU TANDJUNG SAU 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU TANJUNGSAU 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25

PULAU TANJUNGSAU LIGHT 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.50

PULAU TAPAI 0 46 N 104 27 E 8.33

PULAU TEKONG 1 25 N 104 04 E 9.45

PULAU TEKONG KECHIL 1 25 N 104 01 E 9.45

PULAU TEKUKOR 1 13 N 103 50 E 9.27

PULAU TELAN 0 44 N 104 38 E 8.21

PULAU TELANG 0 44 N 104 38 E 8.49

PULAU TELANJANG 5 23 S 102 15 E 7.46

PULAU TELUKBAKAU 0 57 N 103 46 E 8.80

PULAU TELUMAS 0 47 N 103 46 E 8.78

PULAU TELUP 1 10 N 103 52 E 9.6

PULAU TEMANG 0 22 N 99 05 E 6.35

PULAU TEMBAKUL 1 13 N 103 52 E 9.27

PULAU TEMIANG 0 20 N 104 23 E 8.60

PULAU TEPEKONG 0 53 N 103 56 E 8.80

PULAU TEPUR 6 16 N 99 43 E 1.24

PULAU TERKOELAI 0 57 N 104 21 E 8.37

PULAU TERKULAI 0 57 N 104 21 E 8.37

PULAU TEROTI 0 42 N 104 47 E 8.11

PULAU TIMUN 0 38 N 103 37 E 8.74

PULAU TJAWANG 0 06 S 103 33 E 8.62

PULAU TJEMPAH 0 09 N 104 19 E 8.58

PULAU TJITLIM 0 47 N 103 55 E 8.79

PULAU TJOMBOL 0 50 N 103 52 E 8.79

PULAU TJONDING-BESAR 0 47 N 103 45 E 8.78

PULAU TJUPLA 1 02 N 103 43 E 9.5

PULAU TOEANGKOE 2 10 N 97 17 E 6.15

PULAU TOENDJOEK 0 56 N 104 12 E 8.25

PULAU TOLOP 1 10 N 103 52 E 9.6

PULAU TONDANG 1 10 N 104 18 E 8.39

PULAU TORTEL 0 35 N 104 11 E 8.68

PULAU TUAN 5 34 N 95 15 E 3.13

PULAU TUANGKU 2 10 N 97 17 E 6.15

PULAU TUKUN PERAK 4 08 N 100 33 E 2.6

PULAU TUNGKUS NASI 1 35 N 98 41 E 6.31

PULAU TUNJUK 0 56 N 104 12 E 8.25

PULAU UBIN 1 25 N 103 58 E 9.67

PULAU UBIN BANK 1 24 N 104 00 E 9.44

PULAU UDJUNGBATU 2 20 N 97 24 E 6.16

PULAU UJAN 1 00 N 104 23 E 8.37

PULAU UJUNG 0 25 S 99 53 E 7.8

PULAU ULAR 1 13 N 103 45 E 9.20

PULAU UMANA 1 03 S 98 57 E 7.27

PULAU UNGAR 0 40 N 103 30 E 8.76

PULAU UPEH 2 12 N 102 12 E 5.29

PULAU WEH 5 50 N 95 19 E 3.8

PULAU WUNGA 1 13 N 97 05 E 6.22

PULAU-PULAU ARUAH 2 52 N 100 36 E 4.3

PULAU-PULAU TUJU 1 10 S 105 18 E 8.2

PULO PULOTALAM 1 37 N 98 35 E 6.30

PULO SEMAT 0 07 S 105 00 E 8.5

PULO TIKUS 3 50 S 102 11 E 7.17

PUTRI NARROWS 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.63

PYLADES REEFS 0 21 N 98 51 E 7.8

PYRAMID SHOAL 2 27 N 101 30 E 5.2

R

RAFFLES LIGHTHOUSE 1 10 N 103 45 E 9.24

RAGI 3 03 S 100 13 E 7.41

RAJA BAY 4 54 N 95 22 E 6.3

RALEIGH BANK 0 46 N 104 54 E 8.16

RALEIGH SHOAL 2 07 N 101 53 E 5.3

RAMUNIA SHOALS 1 27 N 104 26 E 9.52

RANTAU PANDJANG 3 42 N 98 50 E 4.18

RAPANG 0 23 S 104 16 E 8.55

RASA 2 00 S 101 00 E 7.12

RAYA 2 13 S 101 26 E 7.16

RED CLIFF 1 29 N 103 49 E 9.75
Index—Gazetteer 169

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

RED CLIFF SHOAL 1 20 N 104 00 E 9.44

RED HOUSE 1 28 N 103 49 E 9.75

RED ISLET 1 07 N 103 42 E 9.4

REMPANG 0 52 N 104 09 E 8.21

RETEH RIVER 0 40 S 103 25 E 8.55

RHIO TOWN 0 55 N 104 26 E 8.36

RICHARDSON REEF 0 37 N 103 43 E 8.73

RIENTI 0 45 N 104 40 E 8.11

RIFLEMAN SHOAL 0 28 N 104 28 E 8.26

RIOUW 0 55 N 104 26 E 8.36

RIOUW ARCHIPELAGO 1 00 N 105 00 E 9.1

RIOUW STRAIT 0 55 N 104 18 E 8.21

RMN JETTY 1 27 N 103 47 E 9.76

ROB ROY BANK 1 55 N 102 03 E 5.3

ROESAH 0 42 N 104 45 E 8.11

ROESOEK BOEAJA 0 21 S 104 09 E 8.54

ROSA ROCK 1 12 N 104 05 E 9.38

ROTTERDAM REEF 0 46 N 104 25 E 8.43

RUKAN SELATAN 0 33 N 103 46 E 8.71

RUKAN TENGAH 0 35 N 103 46 E 8.71

RUKAN UTARA 0 37 N 103 46 E 8.71

RUKAN UTARA LIGHT 0 37 N 103 46 E 8.82

RUMAH MERAH 1 28 N 103 49 E 9.75

RUMANIA SHOAL 1 27 N 104 26 E 9.52

RUPELS REEF 0 49 N 104 23 E 8.44

RUSUKBUAYA 0 21 S 104 09 E 8.54

S

SABANG 5 53 N 95 19 E 3.10

SABEO GUGUK 2 50 S 100 03 E 7.39

SAIBI ROAD 1 20 S 99 07 E 7.28

SAKRA BASIN 1 16 N 103 43 E 9.16

SAMALANGA VILLAGE 5 12 N 96 22 E 3.17

SAMBU 1 10 N 103 54 E 9.10

SAMBU ROAD 1 10 N 103 53 E 9.8

SANGLANG-BESAR 0 37 N 103 41 E 8.73

SANGLANG-KETJIL 0 36 N 103 43 E 8.73

SAO 0 52 S 100 17 E 7.3

SAOE 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25

SARANG ALANG 2 33 S 100 59 E 7.15

SAUMANG 3 14 S 100 31 E 7.42

SAUMANGANYO ISLET 2 36 S 100 07 E 7.40

SAUMANGANYO ROAD 2 36 S 100 07 E 7.38

SAWANG ISLETS 0 30 N 104 14 E 8.68

SEAFLOWER CHANNEL 1 55 S 99 25 E 7.32

SEBAJOER 0 29 S 104 15 E 8.53

SEBANGGA 0 19 S 104 38 E 8.14

SEBANGGA LAUT 0 19 S 104 38 E 8.14

SEBLAT 2 53 S 102 09 E 7.16

SEBUNG BAY 1 09 N 104 17 E 8.39

SEGAL-BESAR 0 34 N 103 40 E 8.73

SEKERAH 1 07 N 104 14 E 8.39

SELANGA ISLET 0 30 N 104 21 E 8.66

SELANGA ISLETS 0 30 N 104 21 E 8.61

SELAT ABANG 0 32 N 104 16 E 8.67

SELAT ASAM 1 09 N 102 29 E 5.12

SELAT BENGKALIS 1 39 N 101 56 E 5.7

SELAT BERHALA 0 57 S 104 24 E 8.53

SELAT BULAN 1 01 N 103 56 E 8.81

SELAT BUNGALAUT 1 55 S 99 25 E 7.32

SELAT CEMPAH 0 09 N 104 20 E 8.58

SELAT CHERMIN 1 16 N 103 49 E 9.29

SELAT CHINCHIN 6 28 N 99 40 E 1.24

SELAT COMBOL 0 54 N 103 52 E 9.5

SELAT DASI 0 00 N 104 29 E 8.58

SELAT DEMPO 0 38 N 104 13 E 8.70

SELAT DENDANG 0 51 N 104 37 E 8.9

SELAT DOMPAK 0 53 N 104 28 E 8.34

SELAT DUMAI 2 03 N 101 21 E 5.5

SELAT DURIAN 0 45 N 103 37 E 8.70

SELAT DURIAN 1 00 N 103 35 E 1.2

SELAT GELAM 0 58 N 103 26 E 5.19

SELAT INDRAGIRI 0 20 S 103 18 E 8.56

SELAT KAMPUR 0 28 N 103 08 E 5.16

SELAT KELANG SELATAN 2 57 N 101 18 E 2.15

SELAT KELONG 0 49 N 104 38 E 8.9

SELAT KIJANG 0 50 N 104 37 E 8.9

SELAT KUNGKUNG 1 00 N 102 40 E 5.14

SELAT LIMA 0 16 S 104 26 E 8.58

SELAT LUMUT 2 53 N 101 17 E 2.17

SELAT MARA LIMAU 0 47 N 104 35 E 8.32

SELAT MERODONG 0 26 N 104 27 E 8.67

SELAT MORONG 1 56 N 101 51 E 5.11

SELAT PADANG 1 25 N 102 13 E 5.12

SELAT PANDJANG 0 50 N 102 25 E 5.12

SELAT PAUH 1 13 N 103 44 E 9.24

SELAT PENGELAP 0 29 N 104 20 E 8.67

SELAT PENJABUNG 0 42 N 104 14 E 8.23

SELAT PENUBA 0 20 S 104 26 E 8.65

SELAT RIAU 0 55 N 104 18 E 8.21

SELAT RIAU 1 10 N 104 13 E 9.37

SELAT RINGGIT 1 00 N 102 36 E 5.13

SELAT RUPAT 2 03 N 101 21 E 5.5

SELAT SANGLANG 0 44 N 103 42 E 8.75

SELAT SEBAYUR 0 25 S 104 15 E 8.3

SELAT SENDARA 0 44 N 104 40 E 8.11

SELAT SENGKIR 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.31

SELAT SIBERUT 0 50 S 98 45 E 7.25

SELAT SIKAKAP 2 48 S 100 10 E 7.39

SELAT SINGKIR 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.34

SELAT SINKI 1 15 N 103 44 E 9.17

SELAT SIPURA 2 30 S 99 50 E 7.36

SELAT SUGI 0 48 N 103 44 E 8.77

SELAT SULIT 0 50 N 103 50 E 8.79

SELAT SUNDA 6 00 S 105 45 E 6.38

SELAT TELAN 0 45 N 104 37 E 8.32

SELAT TELANG 0 45 N 104 37 E 8.32

SELAT TEMIANG 0 22 N 104 23 E 8.67

SELAT TIUNG 0 48 N 104 14 E 8.26

SELAT TJOMBOL 0 49 N 103 53 E 8.79

SELATPANDJANG SETTLEMENT 1 01 N 102 42 E 5.15

SELERANG 0 47 N 103 43 E 8.78

SELINSING BAY 4 50 N 100 27 E 2.2

SEMANDOER 0 47 N 104 16 E 8.24

SEMBAWANG SHIPYARD 1 28 N 103 50 E 9.74

SEMBOELANG 0 51 N 104 16 E 8.24

SEMPITAN MALAKA 5 45 N 95 23 E 3.8

SENGGARANG 0 58 N 104 26 E 8.35

SENOKO POWER STATION 1 28 N 103 48 E 9.76

SENTOET 1 03 N 104 50 E 8.11

SENTOSA 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.27

SEPINTU ISLET 0 31 N 104 14 E 8.67

SEPINTU ISLETS 0 31 N 104 14 E 8.68

SEPULA REEF 0 38 S 100 05 E 7.8

SEPULU REEF 0 38 S 100 05 E 7.5

SERANG ISLET 0 21 S 104 31 E 8.57

SERANGOON HARBOR 1 24 N 103 57 E 9.70

SERANGOON LIGHTED BUOY 1 24 N 103 56 E 9.76

SERAYA CHEMICAL PIER 1 16 N 103 44 E 9.15

SETUMU 0 53 N 104 27 E 8.51

SEULAWAIH AGAM 5 27 N 95 39 E 3.15

SHELL SBM 1 11 N 103 47 E 9.22

SI BARU BARU 3 17 S 100 20 E 7.44

SI JAU JAU 2 31 S 100 03 E 7.40

SI JAU JAU 2 46 S 100 17 E 7.43

SI JAU JAU 3 09 S 100 31 E 7.45

SI KELING 0 08 N 104 14 E 8.59

SI LABULABU BAY 2 45 S 99 59 E 7.39

SI NYAU NYAU 1 52 S 99 05 E 7.32

SIBARAT REEF 0 40 S 100 06 E 7.5

SIBAU 2 34 N 96 16 E 6.14

SIBELUA 3 01 S 100 28 E 7.42

SIBERUT BAY 1 36 S 99 14 E 7.29

SIBOENTAR 0 57 S 100 13 E 7.8

SIBOLGA 1 44 N 98 46 E 6.31

SIBURU BAY 2 01 S 99 35 E 7.34

SICHANGANG 0 10 N 99 24 E 7.2

SIGLI 5 23 N 95 58 E 3.16

SIKAKAP STRAIT 2 48 S 100 10 E 7.39

SIKARBAU REEF 0 06 N 99 23 E 7.5

SIKAWIT 5 00 N 95 42 E 6.7

SIKH SHOAL 0 46 S 104 11 E 8.64

SIKOWAI 1 08 S 100 21 E 7.8

SILOINA 1 47 S 99 17 E 7.30

SIMAILIPIT 2 14 S 99 35 E 7.35

SIMAIMU 1 51 S 99 18 E 7.31

SIMALUBEK 1 37 S 98 50 E 7.32

SIMANGKE GROUP 1 21 S 100 31 E 7.13

SIMANGKOCHO 2 19 S 99 47 E 7.37

SIMUNGGUK 3 16 S 100 34 E 7.42

SINGAPORE 1 17 N 103 51 E 9.30

SINGAPORE ISLAND 1 20 N 103 55 E 9.42
170 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

SINGAPORE MAIN STRAIT 1 09 N 103 45 E 9.29

SINGAPORE REFINING COMPANY 1 17 N 103 43 E 9.15

SINGAPORE ROAD 1 16 N 103 53 E 9.25

SINGKEP LAOET ISLANDS 0 42 S 104 28 E 8.53

SINGKIL 2 16 N 97 48 E 6.17

SINGKIL RIVER 2 16 N 97 47 E 6.17

SINIOP LIGHT 1 28 N 103 51 E 9.76

SIOPA BESAR 2 53 S 100 10 E 7.40

SIPAKAL 0 56 S 100 15 E 7.8

SIPORA STRAIT 2 30 S 99 50 E 7.36

SIRANDAH 1 07 S 100 20 E 7.8

SIRENE REEFS 0 43 N 98 56 E 6.34

SIRONDJONG STRAIT 1 14 S 100 24 E 7.10

SIRUSO 2 51 S 100 08 E 7.39

SISTERS 1 13 N 103 50 E 9.34

SIUBAN BAY 2 11 S 99 43 E 7.34

SIULUNG HILL 0 45 N 104 35 E 8.47

SLAGAN RIVER 2 33 S 101 05 E 7.15

SOEBANG MAS 0 57 N 104 10 E 8.25

SOEGI 0 50 N 103 47 E 8.77

SOEGI BAWAH 0 47 N 103 48 E 8.75

SOEGI STRAIT 0 48 N 103 44 E 8.77

SOELIT STRAIT 0 50 N 103 50 E 8.79

SOENGAI BAMBAN 0 32 S 99 59 E 7.8

SOENGEO BOENG IN BAY 1 26 S 100 34 E 7.11

SOESOH 3 43 N 96 48 E 6.11

SOREH REEFS 0 53 N 104 23 E 8.44

SOUTH BROTHER 0 33 N 103 46 E 8.71

SOUTH CHANNEL 1 16 N 104 25 E 9.56

SOUTH DUA 0 24 N 104 22 E 8.66

SOUTH LEDGE 1 18 N 104 24 E 9.54

SOUTH NGALO STRAIT 1 11 S 100 23 E 7.10

SOUTH PASSAGE ISLAND 0 43 N 103 39 E 8.74

SOUTH PYLADES REEF 1 41 N 98 01 E 6.19

SOUTH SANDS 2 35 N 101 08 E 5.2

SOUTHEAST CHANNEL 0 34 N 103 39 E 8.73

SOUTHWEST HILL 0 44 N 104 30 E 8.47

SPEKE ROCK 0 37 S 104 06 E 8.64

SQUANCE BANK 1 24 N 103 58 E 9.69

ST. ANDREWS CATHEDRAL 1 17 N 103 51 E 9.30

STEEN 0 46 N 104 17 E 8.24

STEEP CAPE 1 02 N 103 45 E 9.5

STEILE HOEK 5 06 N 97 38 E 4.6

STORK REEF 1 21 N 104 18 E 9.51

STORT REEF 0 55 S 99 59 E 7.8

STUPAI ISLET 3 27 S 100 41 E 7.44

SUGI LAUT 0 48 N 103 43 E 8.82

SUIKERBROOD 3 35 S 102 25 E 7.17

SULTAN ISMAIL POWER STATION 1 27 N 103 47 E 9.76

SULTAN SHOAL 1 14 N 103 39 E 9.17

SULTAN SHOAL LIGHT 1 14 N 103 38 E 9.24

SUMABAWA 0 54 N 98 01 E 6.28

SUMEDANG 1 50 S 100 46 E 7.14

SUMPAT BAY 1 12 N 104 29 E 9.40

SUNGAI ASAHAN 3 02 N 99 52 E 4.20

SUNGAI BATU PAHAT 1 49 N 102 53 E 5.34

SUNGAI BERNAM 3 51 N 100 49 E 2.11

SUNGAI GEBANG 4 02 N 98 26 E 4.15

SUNGAI JOHOR 1 28 N 104 02 E 9.45

SUNGAI JURONG 1 18 N 103 44 E 9.13

SUNGAI KARANG 1 25 N 103 40 E 9.64

SUNGAI KATEMAN 0 21 N 103 37 E 8.56

SUNGAI KEDAH 6 06 N 100 17 E 1.26

SUNGAI KRANJI 1 26 N 103 44 E 9.65

SUNGAI KUALA BATUBARA 3 15 N 99 36 E 4.19

SUNGAI KURAU 5 00 N 100 25 E 2.2

SUNGAI LUKUT BESAR 2 34 N 101 47 E 5.22

SUNGAI MASAI 1 28 N 103 52 E 9.73

SUNGAI MELAYA 1 27 N 103 42 E 9.64

SUNGAI MUAR 2 03 N 102 33 E 5.32

SUNGAI MUDA 5 34 N 100 21 E 1.29

SUNGAI NUNANG 3 47 N 98 41 E 4.17

SUNGAI PANAI 2 45 N 100 06 E 4.23

SUNGAI PANDAN 1 18 N 103 45 E 9.13

SUNGAI PENDAS 1 23 N 103 38 E 9.62

SUNGAI PERFAT 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.62

SUNGAI PULAI 1 20 N 103 33 E 9.59

SUNGAI RETIH 0 40 S 103 25 E 8.55

SUNGAI ROKAN 2 18 N 100 36 E 4.24

SUNGAI SARIMBUN 1 25 N 103 41 E 9.64

SUNGAI SEPANG BESAR 2 36 N 101 43 E 5.22

SUNGAI SERAPUH 4 02 N 98 27 E 4.15

SUNGAI SIAK 1 14 N 102 10 E 5.7

SUNGAI SINGKIL 2 16 N 97 47 E 6.17

SUNGAI SUDUR 1 02 N 102 47 E 5.14

SUNGAI TEBRAU 1 29 N 103 48 E 9.71

SUNGAI UDANG PORT 2 15 N 102 07 E 5.26

SUNGAIPAKNING 1 20 N 102 10 E 5.10

SUNGI PANDAN 1 18 N 103 45 E 9.11

SUNGI PINANG BAY 1 10 S 100 22 E 7.10

SUNGI PISANG BAY 1 07 S 100 22 E 7.10

SUPERIOR COURT DOME 1 17 N 103 51 E 9.26

SUSOH 3 43 N 96 48 E 6.11

SWALLOWFIELD ROCK 2 59 S 101 27 E 7.16

SYLPH REEF 0 06 N 99 25 E 7.5

T

TABANAN 1 17 S 99 05 E 7.28

TABEKAT BAY 1 03 S 98 57 E 7.27

TAFELBERG 0 41 N 104 13 E 8.31

TAGAULE VILLAGE 1 03 N 97 53 E 6.28

TAILELEO 1 45 S 99 08 E 7.31

TALANG 0 58 S 100 40 E 7.7

TALANG 2 06 S 101 15 E 7.16

TALO WAO 6 36 N 99 41 E 1.21

TALUONG GABANG 2 42 N 101 29 E 5.21

TALUONG RU 2 51 N 101 17 E 5.21

TALUUNG SENGKUANG 1 11 N 104 02 E 9.37

TALUUNG SIMAPINANG 2 30 S 100 00 E 7.38

TAMBUNTULANG BANK 3 12 N 99 47 E 4.20

TAMIANG STRAIT 0 22 N 104 23 E 8.67

TANAH MERAH BESAR 1 21 N 103 59 E 9.49

TANAH MERAH FERRY TERMINAL 1 19 N 103 59 E 9.42

TANAH MERAH KECHIL 1 20 N 103 57 E 9.49

TANAH RUNTOH 1 25 N 103 40 E 9.63

TANDJOENG DAHAN 0 41 N 104 20 E 8.27

TANDJOENG LABOE 0 47 S 103 29 E 8.55

TANDJOENG SAOE 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25

TANDJOENGMOTJOH 0 50 N 104 30 E 8.42

TANDJUK 0 56 N 104 12 E 8.25

TANDJUNG BOETAN 1 07 N 104 09 E 8.31

TANDJUNG BUTAN 1 07 N 104 09 E 8.31

TANGGAMUS 5 26 S 104 40 E 7.23

TANGUNG BERLANGKAP 1 06 N 104 38 E 8.20

TANJONG AYAM 1 20 N 104 12 E 9.47

TANJONG BAJAU 1 22 N 103 39 E 9.62

TANJONG BATU 4 26 N 100 36 E 2.4

TANJONG BATU KOYOK 1 24 N 104 02 E 9.49

TANJONG BATUBELAH 1 11 N 105 05 E 9.38

TANJONG BEDOK 1 20 N 103 58 E 9.49

TANJONG BERAKIT 1 14 N 104 34 E 9.41

TANJONG BERAS BASAH 4 00 N 100 43 E 2.9

TANJONG BERIH 1 23 N 103 40 E 9.62

TANJONG BERLAYAR 1 16 N 103 48 E 9.32

TANJONG BULAT 1 21 N 104 14 E 9.47

TANJONG BULOH 1 27 N 103 44 E 9.65

TANJONG CHANGI 1 23 N 104 00 E 9.42

TANJONG CHEK JAWA 1 25 N 104 00 E 9.49

TANJONG CHENTING 1 22 N 103 39 E 9.62

TANJONG CHINA 1 14 N 103 50 E 9.28

TANJONG DJERNIH 1 02 N 103 45 E 9.5

TANJONG DURI 6 50 N 99 42 E 1.19

TANJONG GEDONG 1 25 N 103 40 E 9.63

TANJONG GUL 1 18 N 103 40 E 9.11

TANJONG HANTU 4 19 N 100 33 E 2.4

TANJONG ILUAS 1 19 N 103 39 E 9.61

TANJONG KAMUNING 2 31 N 101 48 E 5.22

TANJONG KAPAL 1 20 N 104 10 E 9.47

TANJONG KARANG 1 20 N 103 38 E 9.62

TANJONG KATAK 4 09 N 100 37 E 2.9

TANJONG KATONG 1 17 N 103 53 E 9.25

TANJONG KERANG 4 48 N 100 34 E 2.3

TANJONG KOPOK 1 26 N 104 00 E 9.45

TANJONG KRANG 4 48 N 100 34 E 2.3

TANJONG LOKAN 1 13 N 104 35 E 9.41

TANJONG MELAYA 1 27 N 103 42 E 9.64

TANJONG MURAI 1 24 N 103 40 E 9.62

TANJONG NIPAH 4 15 N 100 32 E 2.5

TANJONG PAGAR 1 15 N 103 50 E 9.31

TANJONG PANCHOR 2 16 N 102 06 E 5.26

TANJONG PASIR 4 52 N 100 30 E 2.2

TANJONG PASIR LABA 1 21 N 103 38 E 9.62
Index—Gazetteer 171

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

TANJONG PELEPAS 1 22 N 103 33 E 9.60

TANJONG PENAWAN 1 30 N 104 07 E 9.48

TANJONG PENGELIH 1 22 N 104 06 E 9.46

TANJONG PENYUSOK 1 22 N 104 17 E 9.41

TANJONG PENYUSOP 1 22 N 104 17 E 9.48

TANJONG PIAI 1 16 N 103 31 E 9.4

TANJONG PIANDANG 5 05 N 100 21 E 2.2

TANJONG PIANDANG 5 05 N 100 22 E 1.32

TANJONG PINGGIR 1 08 N 103 55 E 9.7

TANJONG PUNGGAI 1 26 N 104 18 E 9.48,

9.57

TANJONG RHU 1 17 N 103 52 E 9.25

TANJONG RIMAU 1 15 N 103 48 E 9.32

TANJONG RISIM 1 15 N 103 49 E 9.33

TANJONG RU 2 50 N 101 17 E 4.1

TANJONG SADING 1 12 N 104 23 E 9.40

TANJONG SAMBANG 1 11 N 104 22 E 9.40

TANJONG SAUH 3 47 N 100 49 E 2.11

TANJONG SAWA 6 16 N 99 44 E 1.25

TANJONG SELAT LUMUT 2 52 N 101 17 E 2.17

TANJONG SETAJAM 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.63

TANJONG SKOPEK 1 23 N 103 40 E 9.62

TANJONG STAPA 1 20 N 104 08 E 9.47

TANJONG SURAT 1 28 N 104 02 E 9.72

TANJONG TAJAM 1 26 N 103 41 E 9.63

TANJONG TEBING RUNTOH 1 25 N 103 40 E 9.63

TANJONG TEREH 1 15 N 103 49 E 9.34

TANJONG TERITIP 1 18 N 103 40 E 9.61

TANJONG TOHOR 1 52 N 102 41 E 5.33

TANJONG TONDANG 1 11 N 104 19 E 9.39

TANJONG TUAN 2 25 N 101 51 E 5.24

TANJUK 0 57 N 104 12 E 8.29

TANJUK RANGE LIGHTS 0 57 N 104 12 E 8.50

TANJUNG AMONGORUN 0 57 S 98 43 E 7.26

TANJUNG BABI 1 11 N 104 06 E 9.38

TANJUNG BAKAU 0 20 S 103 47 E 8.65

TANJUNG BALAI 2 58 N 99 48 E 4.21

TANJUNG BALIMBINGPAMANCASA 5 55 S 104 33 E 7.22

TANJUNG BANDAR 4 49 S 103 20 E 7.23

TANJUNG BATU 4 26 N 100 36 E 2.1

TANJUNG BATU KINAPAT 2 24 S 99 51 E 7.34

TANJUNG BATUBELOBANG 0 44 N 103 45 E 8.82

TANJUNG BATUHITAM 0 54 N 104 27 E 8.36

TANJUNG BERAKIT 1 14 N 104 34 E 8.12

TANJUNG BERITARIKAP 3 21 S 100 27 E 7.42

TANJUNG BERLANGKAP 1 06 N 104 38 E 8.11

TANJUNG BLIUNG 0 16 S 104 31 E 8.58

TANJUNG BOEAR 0 19 S 104 51 E 8.13

TANJUNG BOETOEN 0 15 S 104 36 E 8.12

TANJUNG BUKU 0 41 S 104 22 E 8.13

TANJUNG CHANGI 1 23 N 104 00 E 9.70

TANJUNG CHEK JAWA 1 25 N 104 00 E 9.69

TANJUNG DANGA 1 28 N 103 43 E 9.65

TANJUNG DATO 0 00 103 49 E 8.56

TANJUNG DATU 2 41 N 100 06 E 4.23

TANJUNG DJABOONG 1 00 S 104 22 E 8.52

TANJUNG DJANGKA 0 52 N 103 42 E 8.78

TANJUNG DJERNIH 1 02 N 103 45 E 8.77

TANJUNG DOWI 1 31 N 97 25 E 6.29

TANJUNG GANTONG 0 01 N 104 42 E 8.7

TANJUNG GEMOK 1 26 N 103 56 E 9.68

TANJUNG GOROH 0 20 S 104 55 E 8.4

TANJUNG HANTU 4 19 N 100 33 E 2.1

TANJUNG HATIK 0 30 S 98 17 E 6.37

TANJUNG HELACHA 1 28 N 97 19 E 6.21

TANJUNG HELE 0 33 N 97 49 E 6.25

TANJUNG INDERAPURA 2 09 S 100 49 E 7.12

TANJUNG IRAT 0 24 S 104 16 E 8.55

TANJUNG JABUNG 1 00 S 104 22 E 8.52

TANJUNG JAMBUAIR 5 15 N 97 30 E 3.20

TANJUNG JANG 0 18 S 105 00 E 8.19

TANJUNG JELUTONG 1 24 N 103 57 E 9.69

TANJUNG JERNIH 1 02 N 103 45 E 9.5

TANJUNG KAHOABI 5 29 S 102 23 E 7.46

TANJUNG KAKONG 0 54 N 103 48 E 8.80

TANJUNG KAPUR 1 11 N 104 05 E 9.38

TANJUNG KARANG 2 00 N 98 21 E 6.19

TANJUNG KELING 2 13 N 102 09 E 5.27

TANJUNG KINAPET 2 24 S 99 51 E 7.34

TANJUNG KIOYO 5 25 S 102 12 E 7.46

TANJUNG KLINGKING 0 52 N 104 06 E 8.26

TANJUNG KOKO 0 37 N 104 16 E 8.26

TANJUNG KOOMA 5 21 S 102 06 E 7.46

TANJUNG LAAJA 1 28 N 97 29 E 6.29

TANJUNG LABU 0 47 S 103 29 E 8.55

TANJUNG LABUANDADONG 0 12 S 104 25 E 8.58

TANJUNG LABUHO 5 31 S 102 17 E 7.46

TANJUNG LAGGAISAO 3 01 S 100 28 E 7.42

TANJUNG LAKOAHA 5 17 S 102 10 E 7.47

TANJUNG LAMBARU 1 09 N 97 48 E 6.28

TANJUNG LAUJU 0 34 N 97 42 E 6.24

TANJUNG LIANG 0 12 S 104 53 E 8.5

TANJUNG LINAU 4 52 S 103 24 E 7.24

TANJUNG MAJAN 1 01 N 102 44 E 5.14

TANJUNG MALANG 0 39 S 104 30 E 8.3

TANJUNG MALANG TIANG 0 48 N 103 46 E 8.77

TANJUNG MANA 4 29 S 102 54 E 7.24

TANJUNG MANNA 4 29 S 102 54 E 7.19

TANJUNG MARALAGAN 0 42 N 104 18 E 8.22

TANJUNG MBAA 1 18 N 97 36 E 6.29

TANJUNG MEDANG 2 08 N 101 39 E 5.3

TANJUNG MEDANG KALUWAR 0 53 N 103 10 E 5.13

TANJUNG MOTJOH 0 50 N 104 30 E 8.42

TANJUNG PADANG 1 25 N 102 12 E 5.12

TANJUNG PALAU KANDAR 1 15 N 102 30 E 5.9

TANJUNG PASINGKEP 0 30 S 104 35 E 8.13

TANJUNG PECUDIAN 2 31 N 100 20 E 4.24

TANJUNG PERGAM 1 11 N 104 20 E 8.48

TANJUNG PERTANDANGAN 2 42 N 100 13 E 4.24

TANJUNG PEUREULAK 4 54 N 97 54 E 4.7

TANJUNG PIAI 1 16 N 103 31 E 1.2

TANJUNG PINANG 0 55 N 104 27 E 8.34

TANJUNG PO 6 35 N 99 57 E 1.21

TANJUNG POENGGOENG 0 44 N 104 30 E 8.47

TANJUNG PUNGGOL 1 25 N 103 55 E 9.72

TANJUNG PUNGGUNG 0 45 N 104 31 E 8.47

TANJUNG RAMBUT 0 52 N 104 29 E 8.34

TANJUNG RIOUW 0 45 N 103 49 E 8.78

TANJUNG SABANG 1 08 N 104 09 E 8.30

TANJUNG SAKALADAT 1 12 S 98 35 E 7.33

TANJUNG SALOBU 5 11 S 103 56 E 7.21

TANJUNG SAWA 6 16 N 99 44 E 1.24

TANJUNG SEBAJOER 0 29 S 104 15 E 8.53

TANJUNG SEBAYUR 0 29 S 104 15 E 8.53

TANJUNG SEBUNG 1 07 N 104 15 E 8.39

TANJUNG SEMANDUR 0 47 N 104 16 E 8.24

TANJUNG SEMBULANG 0 52 N 104 16 E 8.24

TANJUNG SENGKUANG 1 11 N 104 02 E 9.38

TANJUNG SEROPI 0 01 S 98 17 E 6.36

TANJUNG SETUMU 0 52 N 104 25 E 8.44

TANJUNG SI BUNGA 3 39 N 99 00 E 4.18

TANJUNG SIAPIAPI 2 56 N 99 59 E 4.22

TANJUNG SIBAJAU 1 45 S 99 17 E 7.30

TANJUNG SIGEP 0 54 S 98 54 E 7.26

TANJUNG SIGININGINI 1 32 N 97 21 E 6.21

TANJUNG SIGOGOA 2 37 S 99 58 E 7.39

TANJUNG SIMANSIH 1 41 S 98 52 E 7.33

TANJUNG SIMATOBE 2 39 S 100 10 E 7.38

TANJUNG SINABOI 2 17 N 101 02 E 5.4

TANJUNG SIOPA 0 59 S 98 40 E 7.26

TANJUNG SIROMBU 0 56 N 97 24 E 6.24

TANJUNG SJUANI 0 57 N 97 56 E 6.27

TANJUNG SOLOK 1 00 S 103 49 E 8.64

TANJUNG SOSILUTTE 1 23 N 97 04 E 6.22

TANJUNG SYUANI 0 57 N 97 56 E 6.27

TANJUNG TAJAM 1 25 N 103 56 E 9.68

TANJUNG TAKARIMAU 2 34 S 99 58 E 7.38

TANJUNG TAKIH 0 08 S 104 50 E 8.7

TANJUNG TALOEK LAMBOE 1 16 S 100 24 E 7.10

TANJUNG TALU 1 01 N 104 14 E 8.38

TANJUNG TALUK LAMBU 1 16 S 100 24 E 7.10

TANJUNG TAMBUNTULANG 3 10 N 99 45 E 4.19

TANJUNG TANJUNG 3 21 N 99 29 E 4.18

TANJUNG TELLO 0 51 N 103 43 E 8.78

TANJUNG TENGKU 0 30 S 104 35 E 8.3

TANJUNG TIJA 0 28 S 104 36 E 8.13

TANJUNG TILI 0 49 N 104 36 E 8.9

TANJUNG TOJOLAWA 1 25 N 97 03 E 6.21

TANJUNG TONDANG 1 11 N 104 19 E 8.39

TANJUNG TUAN 2 24 N 101 51 E 5.2

TANJUNG TUNGKALLABU 0 48 S 103 30 E 8.55

TANJUNG UBAN 1 04 N 104 13 E 8.38

TANJUNGPINANG 0 56 N 104 27 E 8.36

TANJUNGSAU 1 03 N 104 10 E 8.25
172 Index—Gazetteer

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

TANJUNGUBAN 1 04 N 104 13 E 8.38

TAPA TOEAN 3 15 N 97 11 E 6.9

TAPAI ISLANDS 0 46 N 104 27 E 8.33

TAPAKTUAN 3 15 N 97 11 E 6.12

TAPANULI 1 44 N 98 46 E 6.31

TAPI PENINSULA 0 24 S 99 55 E 7.2

TAPUES ROADS 2 00 N 98 17 E 6.19

TAROESAN BAY 1 13 S 100 25 E 7.10

TARUSAN BAY 1 13 S 100 25 E 7.10

TEBRAU REACH 1 28 N 103 51 E 9.71

TELAGA TUJOH 4 33 N 98 04 E 4.10

TELAK BELANGA 4 15 N 100 32 E 2.5

TELANG 0 44 N 104 38 E 8.21

TELANG BESAR 0 44 N 104 38 E 8.39

TELANG STRAIT 0 45 N 104 37 E 8.32

TELO ROADSTEAD 0 03 S 98 17 E 6.37

TELOK AYER 1 16 N 103 51 E 9.25

TELOK BAKAU 0 57 N 103 46 E 8.80

TELOK DALAM 0 33 N 97 49 E 6.26

TELOK KATUREI 1 45 S 99 15 E 7.30

TELOK RAMUNIA 1 22 N 104 15 E 9.47

TELOK SARIBUA 1 29 S 99 09 E 7.29

TELOK SEMEBAI 2 17 S 99 47 E 7.34

TELOK SILOGUI 1 14 S 99 02 E 7.28

TELOK SIPOMPONG 1 17 S 99 04 E 7.28

TELOK TAILELEO 1 48 S 99 11 E 7.31

TELUK ARU 4 14 N 98 20 E 4.12

TELUK BALIMBING 5 54 S 104 34 E 7.22

TELUK BARUK 0 38 S 104 26 E 8.53

TELUK BATAHAN 0 24 N 99 07 E 6.34

TELUK BATUNG 1 23 S 100 35 E 7.11

TELUK BAYUR 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.9

TELUK BENGKUNAT 5 37 S 104 18 E 7.21

TELUK BETUMONGO 2 49 S 100 00 E 7.39

TELUK BINTAN 1 01 N 104 26 E 8.37

TELUK BUNGUS 1 03 S 100 23 E 7.10

TELUK DATAI 6 26 N 99 40 E 1.24

TELUK ENGGANO 5 28 S 102 24 E 7.46

TELUK EWA 6 26 N 99 46 E 1.23

TELUK INTAN 4 01 N 101 01 E 2.11

TELUK JODOH 1 10 N 103 58 E 9.37

TELUK KATORAI 1 45 S 99 15 E 7.30

TELUK KROE 5 09 S 103 54 E 7.21

TELUK KRUENGRABA 5 28 N 95 04 E 6.2

TELUK KRUENGRAYA 5 37 N 95 30 E 3.14

TELUK KUALACENAKU 0 08 S 103 42 E 8.56

TELUK LABUANHUNIK 1 40 N 98 31 E 6.30

TELUK LANGSA 4 34 N 98 103 E 4.9

TELUK LHOKSEUMAWE 5 11 N 97 10 E 3.18

TELUK LIMBUNG 0 10 S 104 47 E 8.7

TELUK MANSALAR 1 37 N 98 35 E 6.30

TELUK PUGUNG 5 00 S 103 42 E 7.20

TELUK RAYA 4 54 N 95 22 E 6.3

TELUK RIGAIH 4 38 N 95 35 E 6.6

TELUK SABANG 5 53 N 95 18 E 3.9

TELUK SARABUA 1 29 S 99 09 E 7.29

TELUK SEBONG 1 09 N 104 17 E 8.39

TELUK SIABA 1 31 N 97 24 E 6.29

TELUK SIBERIMANUA 2 08 S 99 33 E 7.35

TELUK SIBERUT 1 36 S 99 14 E 7.29

TELUK SIBURU 2 01 S 99 35 E 7.34

TELUK SIMABAI 2 17 S 99 47 E 7.34

TELUK SIMALEPET 1 34 S 99 12 E 7.29

TELUK SIUBAN 2 11 S 99 43 E 7.34

TELUK SOESOH 3 43 N 96 48 E 6.10

TELUK SUMPAT 1 12 N 104 29 E 9.40

TELUK SUSOH 3 43 N 96 48 E 6.10

TELUK TAILELEU 1 48 S 99 11 E 7.31

TELUK TANAH RONTO 1 40 N 98 31 E 6.30

TELUK TAPANULI 1 38 N 98 45 E 6.30

TELUK TERING 1 11 N 104 04 E 9.38

TELUK TIOP 3 13 S 100 21 E 7.45

TELUK VEECKENS 3 10 S 100 27 E 7.42

TEMBORAH 0 50 N 104 39 E 8.19

TENGAH ISLET 0 20 S 104 31 E 8.57

TEREMBU PALAWAN 1 15 N 103 49 E 9.28

TERKOELAI 0 57 N 104 21 E 8.37

TERUM HAAI 0 35 N 104 39 E 8.31

TERUMBU HAAI 0 35 N 104 18 E 8.26

TERUMBU HENDRIK JAN 0 41 N 104 38 E 8.39

TERUMBU PALAWAN 1 15 N 103 49 E 9.35

TERUMBU ROTTERDAM 0 46 N 104 26 E 8.43

TERUMBU SELEGI 1 13 N 103 49 E 9.24

TERUMBU SELEGI 1 14 N 103 50 E 9.35

TERUMBU SEREBUT 1 15 N 103 42 E 9.17

TERUMBU SOREH 0 53 N 104 23 E 8.44

TETEKUKU 1 33 S 98 50 E 7.33

THA RUA PHUKET 7 51 N 98 25 E 1.8

THE SISTERS 1 13 N 103 50 E 9.23

THOMAS BANK 0 44 N 104 34 E 8.39

TIDJA 0 28 S 104 36 E 8.13

TIGA 0 41 N 103 44 E 8.74

TIKOE 0 24 S 99 55 E 7.2

TIKOE ROAD 0 25 S 99 55 E 7.2

TIKU 0 24 S 99 55 E 7.2

TIKU ROAD 0 25 S 99 55 E 7.2

TINOPO 3 10 S 100 30 E 7.42

TINOPO STRAIT 3 08 S 100 29 E 7.45

TIO BAY 3 13 S 100 21 E 7.45

TITAPAN 0 27 N 104 23 E 8.61

TITI MENGALANG 0 19 S 104 39 E 8.14

TJASSENS BANK 0 44 N 104 20 E 8.27

TJAWAN REEF 0 07 S 104 53 E 8.5

TJAWANG 0 06 S 103 33 E 8.62

TJEMARA 0 55 N 104 13 E 8.24

TJEMPAH 0 09 N 104 19 E 8.58

TJEMPAH STRAIT 0 09 N 104 20 E 8.58

TJIKEM ISLANDS 4 41 N 95 31 E 6.5

TJINGKOEK BAY 1 19 S 100 32 E 7.10

TJOEBADAK 0 48 S 100 21 E 7.7

TJOEBADAK 1 13 S 100 23 E 7.10

TJOEKAS 0 26 S 104 16 E 8.55

TJOET 5 32 N 95 09 E 3.7

TJONDING ISLETS 0 47 N 103 45 E 8.82

TJUBADAK 0 48 S 100 21 E 7.7

TJUPLA 1 02 N 103 43 E 9.5

TMFT 1 19 N 103 59 E 9.42

TOBO 2 20 S 99 43 E 7.35

TOBOW 1 47 S 99 07 E 7.32

TOENDJOEK 0 56 N 104 12 E 8.25

TOGUT 2 46 S 100 12 E 7.40

TOKONG 0 29 N 104 23 E 8.66

TOKONG MAS 2 53 N 100 33 E 4.3

TOKONG SIMBANG 2 48 N 100 38 E 4.4

TOLO BAY 0 18 S 104 57 E 8.4

TONGGO 2 47 S 100 14 E 7.39

TOWN REACH 1 26 N 103 44 E 9.65

TREE ISLAND 1 09 N 103 40 E 9.4

TUAS SHIPYARD 1 18 N 103 39 E 9.58

TUDJU EILANDEN 1 10 S 105 18 E 8.2

U

UDIEP 0 32 N 104 18 E 8.62

UDJANG IBAN 0 15 N 99 08 E 6.35

UDJUNG TUAN 0 15 N 99 08 E 6.18

UJUNG AHU 3 55 N 98 39 E 4.16

UJUNG BAKA 5 39 N 95 26 E 3.14

UJUNG BARO 4 39 N 95 32 E 6.5

UJUNG BATU MEURUNRUN 5 52 N 95 16 E 3.11

UJUNG BATUMAMAK 1 34 N 98 42 E 6.32

UJUNG BATUMANDI 1 03 S 100 22 E 7.8

UJUNG BIANG 0 14 N 99 10 E 7.1

UJUNG BIANG REEF 0 13 N 99 08 E 7.5

UJUNG BRANG BANG 2 16 N 97 46 E 6.9

UJUNG COKO 3 43 S 102 14 E 7.17

UJUNG CUKUBATUBERAGAM 5 37 S 104 18 E 7.22

UJUNG GLA 4 49 N 95 24 E 6.4

UJUNG GLOEMPANG 4 43 N 95 30 E 6.5

UJUNG JUNGUT BATU PATI 1 00 S 100 22 E 7.6

UJUNG KAREUENG 4 07 N 96 08 E 6.7

UJUNG KATIAGAN 0 08 S 99 45 E 7.2

UJUNG KETAPAN 2 16 N 97 45 E 6.17

UJUNG LAMBAROH 5 12 N 95 16 E 6.3

UJUNG MASAM 5 54 N 95 18 E 3.10

UJUNG MASAM MUKA 5 34 N 95 13 E 3.12

UJUNG MASANG 0 18 S 99 48 E 7.2

UJUNG MASIPEHE 1 41 S 99 14 E 7.30

UJUNG ONOLIMBU 1 03 N 97 54 E 6.28

UJUNG PALIMBUNGAN 0 20 N 99 06 E 6.34

UJUNG PARIT 3 43 S 102 14 E 7.17

UJUNG PASIRGALA 2 24 N 97 40 E 6.16

UJUNG PEROLIN 4 37 N 98 01 E 4.9
Index—Gazetteer 173

Pub. 174

Position

° ' ° '

Position

° ' ° '

Sec.

Para

Sec.

Para

UJUNG PEUREULAK 4 54 N 97 54 E 4.7

UJUNG PEUSANGAN 5 16 N 96 50 E 3.18

UJUNG PIDIE 5 30 N 95 53 E 3.16

UJUNG PINANG PINANG 1 38 S 99 17 E 7.30

UJUNG POEDENG 5 12 N 95 16 E 6.3

UJUNG PULANGGAJET 1 51 S 99 14 E 7.31

UJUNG PULO 2 54 N 97 31 E 6.13

UJUNG RADJA 2 14 N 97 52 E 6.18

UJUNG RAJA 1 36 S 100 38 E 7.11

UJUNG RAJA 2 14 N 97 52 E 6.18

UJUNG RAJA 5 14 N 96 28 E 3.17

UJUNG RAYA 5 32 N 95 11 E 6.2

UJUNG RITIENG 5 26 N 95 14 E 6.2

UJUNG RUGURUGUT 1 38 S 99 17 E 7.30

UJUNG SEURANGGA 3 43 N 96 48 E 6.11

UJUNG SIBAJAU 1 45 S 99 17 E 7.30

UJUNG SIDAGUNG 5 08 N 95 18 E 6.3

UJUNG SIGING 5 32 S 104 13 E 7.21

UJUNG SIKABAI 1 36 S 99 15 E 7.30

UJUNG SIKABALUN 1 07 S 99 00 E 7.27

UJUNG SIKARAKARA 0 38 N 99 02 E 6.34

UJUNG SILABI 2 02 N 98 16 E 6.19

UJUNG SINGKIL 2 16 N 97 44 E 6.16

UJUNG SUMABAWA 0 48 N 97 54 E 6.27

UJUNG SUMUR 0 30 N 99 05 E 6.34

UJUNG TALUK KASAI 1 27 S 100 33 E 7.11

UJUNG TALUK LAMBU 1 16 S 100 24 E 7.10

UJUNG TAMIANG 4 25 N 98 17 E 4.11

UJUNG TANJUNG 2 09 S 100 49 E 7.12

UJUNG TEDU ICHU 0 37 N 97 54 E 6.27

UJUNG TELUK PUNGGUR 3 55 S 102 16 E 7.17

UJUNG TJURAM 5 06 N 97 38 E 4.6

UJUNG TOEBA 4 12 N 96 01 E 6.7

UJUNG TUBA 4 12 N 96 01 E 6.7

UJUNG WALOR 5 14 S 103 54 E 7.24

ULAU PARIT 0 57 N 103 27 E 8.76

ULU PALIK 3 24 S 102 20 E 7.16

V

VAN BYLANDT REEFS 0 37 S 98 40 E 6.39

VAN GOGHS ISLET 1 04 N 104 10 E 8.31

VAN SPEIJK REEF 0 01 S 99 20 E 7.5

VEECKENS BAY 3 10 S 100 27 E 7.42

VICTORIA MEMORIAL HALL 1 16 N 103 51 E 9.30

VLAKKE HOEK 5 55 S 104 33 E 7.22

VOPAK TERMINAL (BANYAN) 1 17 N 103 42 E 9.15

VOPAK TERMINALS 1 112 N 103 48 E 9.23

VOWLER BANK 1 50 N 102 12 E 5.3

W

WANDERER BAY 6 36 N 99 41 E 1.21

WATER ISLANDS 2 05 N 102 19 E 5.32

WEST REACH 1 20 N 103 37 E 9.62

WEST WHARF 1 16 N 103 49 E 9.31

WESTERN HILL 5 26 N 100 15 E 1.30

WHALE ROCK 0 58 S 100 20 E 7.9

WHALE ROCK 1 22 N 104 18 E 9.51

WHITE ROCK 4 00 N 100 30 E 2.7

WOODLANDS 1 27 N 103 46 E 9.65

WOODLANDS OIL PIER 1 27 N 103 46 E 9.76