# Patent

## Title
Software method utilizing caller ID for maintaining connectivity during communications over distinct wireless networks by mobile computer terminals

## Abstract

A method of maintaining communications between a mobile, wireless terminal and a base station of a wireless local area network is performed by determining at the base station, that communications between the base station and the terminal over a first channel on the wireless local area network has been impeded; and placing a telephone call to the terminal over a separate, distinct, second channel on a public switched telephone network. The caller ID of the incoming call is then used to verify the authenticity of the base station. Further communications continue over the second channel on the telephone network.

## Background
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to portable computers, such as data collection terminals connected to wireless networks, and more particularly to maintaining communications between a terminal and a wireless network.
2. Description of the Related Art
A wireless local area network (LAN) uses infrared or radio frequency communication channels to communicate between portable computers or mobile data collection terminals and stationary access points or base stations. These access points are, in turn, connected by a wired (or possibly wireless) communication channel to a network infrastructure which connects groups of access points together to form the local area network, including, optionally, one or more servers or host computers.
One increasingly important type of mobile terminal is that which is coupled to or incorporates a bar code symbol reader which is now in very common use for portable data collection applications. Typically, a bar code symbol comprises one or more rows of light and dark regions, typically in the form of rectangles. The relative widths of the dark regions, that is, the bars, and/or the relative widths of the light regions, that is, the spaces, encode data or information in the symbol. A bar code symbol reader illuminates the symbol and senses light reflected from the light and dark regions of differing light reflectivity to detect the relative widths of the regions and derive the encoded information. Bar code reading data collection application software, executing on such mobile terminals, improve the efficiency and accuracy of data input for a wide variety of applications. The ease of data input in such systems facilitates more frequent and detailed data input, for example, to provide efficient taking of inventories, to track work in progress, and to make use of application programs that may communicate to and interoperate with other application programs operating on a remote host or server with which the mobile computer communicates through a wireless network.
Wireless and radio frequency (RF) protocols are known which support the logical interconnection of mobile terminals and roaming terminals having a variety of types of communication capabilities to host computers. The logical interconnections are based upon an infrastructure in which at least some of the remote terminals are capable of communicating with at least two of the access points when located within a predetermined range therefrom, each terminal being normally associated with and in communication with a single one of such access points. Based on the overall spatial layout, response time, and loading requirements of the network, different networking schemes and communication protocols have been designed so as to most efficiently regulate the communications between a given terminal and the network through the selected access point. One such protocol is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,029,183, 5,142,550, 5,280,498, and 5,668,803 each assigned to Symbol Technologies, Inc. of Holtsville, N.Y. and incorporated herein by reference, and in the ISO/IEC 8802-11, or ANSI/IEEE Std 802.11 entitled “Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications” (1999 edition) available from the IEEE Standards Department, Piscataway, N.J. (hereinafter the “IEEE 802.11 standard”).
There are a variety of currently deployed and emerging wireless communication standards for cellular voice and data communications, often referred to as “wide area networks” (WANs) to distinguish them from local area networks. First generation wireless systems (1G) utilized analog technology. Second generation (2G) systems, using digital technology, were introduced in the mid-1990s including GSM, or the “global system for mobile communications”, and CDPD or “cellular digital packet data”. GSM utilizes time division multiplexing over a 200 kHz channel. CDPD transmits data over dedicated 30 kHz cellular channels at speeds up to 19.2 kbps. Systems referred to as 2.5G systems offer mobile data services at rates from 56 kbps to 144 kbps, while 3G systems will operate at data rates from 144 kbps to 2 Mbps.
One of the most important technologies for wireless communications is a code division multiple access (CDMA) system. In a spread spectrum system, one can multiplex users by assigning them different spreading keys. The CDMA modulation technique is one of several techniques for facilitating communications in which a large number of system users is present in the coverage area of a base station. The use of narrowband CDMA in a digital cellular spread spectrum communications system was adopted by the Telecommunication Industry Association in 1993 as TIA/EIA standard IS-95.
Currently deployed 800, 900 MHz band systems include AMPS, TDMA /IS-136, CDMA/IS-95, iDEN, GSM, and I-mode. Other emerging network standards include CDMAONE, CDMA 1X, and 1XEV DV (in which voice and data share a 1.25 MHz channel). There are several technologies that fall under the 2.5G terminology. For example, 1XRTT is the technology for upgrading CDMA networks. Another widely discussed 2.5G technology is GPRS (the General Packet Radio Service), intended for upgrading GSM networks. GPRS was initially deployed in 2000 and operates using multiple time slots that can each carry data at 144 kbps.
Other multiple access communication system techniques, such as time division multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA) and AM modulation schemes such as amplitude companded single sideband (ACSSB) are known in the art. The use of CDMA techniques in a multiple access communication system is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307. The framing and transmission of data using the Internet Protocol (IP) over a CDMA wireless network is described in TIA/EIA/IS-707-A, entitled “Data Service Options for Spread Spectrum Systems”, referred to as IS-707.
The International Telecommunications Union recently made a call for proposals for methods of providing high rate data and high quality services over wireless communication channels. A first of these proposals was prepared by the Telecommunication Industry Association, entitled “The CDMA2000 ITU-R RTT Candidate Submission”, often referred to as CDMA2000. A second of these proposals was issued by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), entitled “The ETSI UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) ITU-R RTT Candidate Submission”, also known as wideband CDMA or W-CDMA. A third proposal was submitted by U.S. TG 8/1 entitled “The UWC-136 Candidate Submission”, and is referred to as EDGE.
EDGE is an acronym for “Enhanced Data for GSM Evolution”. EDGE is an enhanced modulation technique that is backward compatible with GSM networks, and provides throughput three times that of GPRS. The contents of these submissions are public record and are known in the art.
One important future network is UMTS/IMT2000. The UMTS Forum is a non-profit organization established in 1996 to increase awareness of the UMTS/IMT-2000 third-generation (3G) mobile communication systems. In establishing the forum, members intended to create a standard for 3G applications and services that would be globally interoperable and can be accessed by any mobile device from anywhere in the world. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) is a service based on the global system for mobile (GSM) communications standard.
The general concept of seamless roaming among multiple networks is known in the prior art. U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,951 describes a plurality of networks (LANs and WANs) wherein the mobile terminal is registered to at least one access point in one of the networks. The mobile terminal is assigned a first network address, and when the mobile terminal is registered to at least one access point in another of the plurality of LANs, the mobile terminal is assigned a second network address being different from the first network address. The system includes a gateway controller, coupled to the LANs, for serving as an intermediary for communications between the mobile terminal and the system backbone. In the event the mobile terminal is assigned a different network address by virtue of registering with an access point in another of the LANs, the device is able to maintain communications with the mobile terminal without requiring knowledge of a change in the network address of the mobile terminal.
More particularly, U.S. Pat. No. 6,091,951 describes a seamless communications transition involving a first mobile terminal and a device, and a second mobile terminal and the device. A first mobile terminal may suspend a previously established session between the first mobile terminal and the device. The first mobile terminal notifies the gateway through which the session is established that the first mobile terminal wishes to suspend the session. Rather than terminating the session, the gateway is configured to maintain the session in its memory and to begin buffering in memory any information received via the network intended for the first mobile terminal. In the event a second mobile terminal wishes to resume the session at a point at which the first mobile terminal suspended the session, then the second mobile terminal notifies the gateway. The second mobile terminal then notifies the gateway that it wishes to resume the session suspended by the first mobile terminal. The gateway is configured to begin to forward communications between the device and the second mobile terminal in place of the first mobile terminal.
Any information which has been buffered by the gateway is sent to the second mobile terminal together with state information regarding the state of the connection between the first mobile terminal and the gateway at the time of the suspension. As a result, the second mobile terminal can pick up where the first mobile terminal left off without completely terminating an initial session and restarting a new session.
Prior to the present invention, there has not been a simple, automatic technique which would allow a user of a mobile terminal to maintain connectivity and to continue data exchange operations of applications programs with a remote computer utilizing a cellular telephone network when communications over a wireless local area network between the terminal and the computer, and synchronization between the applications executing therein, become impeded or interrupted.
SUMMARY OF INVENTION
Objects of the Invention
It is a general object of the present invention to maintain communications connectivity between applications utilizing a public switched telephone network.
It is another object of the invention to provide a method of seamless transferring applications running on different clients to continue data transfer operations, or to suspend and resume operations, by adapting to variable network data transfer conditions by automatically establishing a public switched telephone network connection between the clients.
It is another object of the present invention to provide software in a mobile terminal for assuring that connectivity is maintained between executing applications by switching the communication channel to the public switched telephone network as may be required.
It is another object of the present invention to provide a software facility in a mobile terminal for assuring that logical connectivity is transparently maintained between applications executing in remote computers, regardless of lower level software operations, communication ports, communication channels, network paths or protocols as may be required for physical media or network reasons.
Additional objects, advantages and novel features of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure, including the following detailed description as well as by practice of the invention.
Features of the Invention
In keeping with these objects and others which will become apparent hereinafter, one feature of this invention resides in maintaining connectivity during a communications session between a mobile, data collection terminal and a base station of a wireless local area network. Initially, communication between the terminal and the base station is established over a first communications channel. If the communication over the first channel is impeded, then this is determined, preferably by the base station, and further communication over the first channel is suspended, and pending or new communications are stored until a new channel is established.
The base station places a telephone call over a cellular public switched telephone network to the terminal to establish a separate, distinct, second communications channel over the telephone network. If the terminal authenticates the call, for example, by using caller ID to identify the base station, then the second channel is established, and all stored pending messages, as well as new communications are transferred between the terminal and the base station over the second channel.
The novel features and characteristics of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as other features and advantages thereof, will be best understood by reference to a detailed description of specific embodiments, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 illustrates a block diagram of a mobile terminal;
FIG. 2 illustrates a network environment in which the present invention can be implemented;
FIG. 3 illustrates an operating system and application environment in the mobile terminal;
FIG. 4 illustrates the software architecture of a Windows® CE mobile terminal;
FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of the process for changing communication channels according to the present invention; and
FIG. 6 is a mobile terminal with a graphical user interface according to this invention.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
Details of the present invention will now be described, including exemplary aspects and embodiments thereof. Referring to FIG. 1, an operating environment for the preferred embodiment of the present invention is depicted in highly simplified block diagram form, illustrating a mobile terminal or portable computer unit 100 with a computer subassembly 120 that comprises at least one high speed processing unit 140 (CPU), in conjunction with a memory subsystem 160, input devices 180, and output devices 190. Moreover, these devices are interconnected by a bus structure or individual interface connections 101.
The illustrated CPU 140 is of familiar design and includes an ALU 141 for performing computations, a collection of registers 142 for temporary storage of data and instructions, and a control unit 143 for controlling operation of the unit. Any of a variety of processors, including those from Intel, Motorola, NEC, Cyrix, AMD, Nexgen and others are equally preferred for the CPU. Although shown with one CPU, the computer subassembly 120 may alternatively include multiple processing units.
The memory subsystem 160 includes main memory 161 and secondary storage 162. Illustrated main memory 161 is high speed random access memory (RAM) and read only memory (ROM). Main memory can include any additional or alternative high speed memory device or memory circuitry. Secondary storage 162 takes the form of long term storage, such as ROM, optical or magnetic disks, organic memory or any other volatile or non-volatile mass storage system. Those skilled in the art will recognize that memory can comprise a variety of and/or combination of alternative components.
The input and output devices 180 and 190 are also standard and well known. The input devices 180 can comprise a keyboard, keypad, touch screen, trigger switch, buttons, thumb wheel, bar code reader, digital imager, video camera, mouse, track ball device, audio device (e.g., a microphone, etc.), or any other device providing input to the computer unit. The output device 190 can comprise a display, such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a printer, an audio device (e.g., a speaker, etc.), or other device providing output for the computer unit. The input and output devices can also include network connections, radio transceivers, modems, or other devices used for communications with other computer units or devices.
FIG. 2 shows a diagrammatic representation of a typical networking environment consistent with the present invention in a preferred embodiment of the home, small office, school, or similar public or private space. The physical hardware components reside at the lowermost OSI layer, or physical layer, and include various nodes distributed along the network link or cabling. Although the term “node” broadly refers to all types of physical devices attached to the network link, only client and server nodes are depicted in FIG. 2.
More specifically, FIG. 2 illustrates clients and servers interconnected through a network link, although additional clients and servers, as well as other types of nodes, may be distributed along the network link as well. As used in this specification, the term “client” will generally denote a peripheral device or network appliance of some type associated with a user. The term “server” includes any device directed for controlling and coordinating shared usage of a network resource, such as an access point, storage unit, or printer, or website content or data.
FIG. 2 shows a data communications network according to one embodiment of the invention. A first local area network 110 is illustrated which, in a preferred embodiment, includes a host processor 10 connected by a wired communications link 11 to a number of stationary access points or base stations 12,13; other base stations 14 can be coupled to a host through the base stations 12, 13 or by an RF link. Each one of the base stations 12, 13, 14 is coupled by an RF link to a number of remote portable mobile terminals or units 15. In one embodiment, the portable mobile units 15 are hand-held, battery-operated data terminals, or voice communication handsets such as described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,029,183 and 6,119,944, both assigned to Symbol Technologies, Inc., and each incorporated herein by reference. In addition to the architecture shown in FIG. 2, wireless internet working nodes may also be used, such as described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,901,362 which is hereby incorporated by reference herein, or as an ad-hoc network without fixed or base stations.
Although hand-held, laser scanning bar code reader data collection terminals are preferred for the mobile terminals 15, the data terminals may also include bar code readers of the CCD or wand type, and may be portable or stationary or worn by the user, rather than hand-held. The mobile units 15 may also function as voice communication handsets, pagers, still image or video cameras, cellular telephones, AM/FM radio broadcast receivers, or any combination of the foregoing. Other types of data gathering devices may be utilized as terminals and use the features of the invention, such as temperature, pressure, or other biophysical or environmental measuring devices, event counters, voice or sound activated devices, intrusion detectors, etc.
Various other types of portable terminals may be advantageously employed in a network having features of the invention. These portable terminals ordinarily could utilize data entry devices such as keyboards, touch screens, floppy magnetic disks, CD ROMs, PC cards or compact flash (CF) cards, magnetic stripe cards, RFID tags, biometric ID sources, SIM devices, smart cards, electronic key (e.g., “Ving”) access cards, or the like, as well as data output devices such as displays, printers, audio speakers, buzzers, vibrators, disk drives, CD ROM “burners”, or other I/O devices for providing an alert, display, or copy on suitable media of the information detected, transmitted and/or received by the terminal. In this embodiment used as an illustrative example, there may be from one up to sixty-four of the base stations (three stations 12, 13, 14 being shown in FIG. 2) and up to several hundred of the remote portable units 15; of course, the network is scalable and may be expanded by merely changing the size of address fields and the like in the digital system. However, a limiting factor is the RF traffic and attendant delays in waiting for a quiet channel.
The first LAN 110 may be coupled to additional LANs 200, 300, 400 through controllers such as bridges 50, 60, or routers 55, 65, 75, 85, or to a WAN 500 through a gateway 51; or to a public switched telephone network (PSTN) 600 through a gateway 115. The PSTN may also couple to other LANs 700 through a gateway 52.
The network may also include a server 95 which may be associated with an Internet site, and may include a plurality of software components that can be accessed by an agent program. Such components may include one or more object classes including applets, servlets, Java BeansTM, or in general any executable unit of code.
The server may be a directory server or standard database management system. The server 95 may include facilities for address translation, formatting, storage, and encryption key management, among others.
These larger or more complex communications networks, as seen in FIG. 2, would ordinarily be used in a manufacturing facility, office building complex, warehouse, retail establishment, shopping malls, or like commercial or public facility, or combination of these facilities, where the data-gathering terminals or mobile units 15 would be used for inventory control in stockroom or receiving/shipping facilities, at checkout (point of sale) counters for reading forms or invoices of the like, for personnel security checking at gates or other checkpoints, at time clocks, for manufacturing or process flow control, for providing information to customers (such as location, and directions to a site or person) and many other such uses.
The steps carried out by a mobile unit 15, which is not currently associated with an access point, in selecting an access point according to the IEEE 802.11 standard are described as follows: The mobile unit (MU) sends out a probe packet to all access points (APs), typically at the lowest data rate it is otherwise able to use with the network. The probe packet contains the mobile unit source address but has no destination address and, hence, any access point that detects the probe packet and is capable of responding at the same data rate must send a response. Accordingly, the probe packet is detected by all access points within range and a subset of those access points sends out a probe response packet. An evaluation of the signal quality and possibly other factors of the communications is made by the MU with the most eligible access point (if any) at the highest data rate. If such communications are acceptable, the MU will associate with the selected AP.
If the MU is already associated with an AP and operating at a data rate lower than the highest data rate, then depending upon the performance statistics, it will carry out an update probe at predetermined intervals to see if it can operate at a higher data rate, and associate with a new AP at the higher data rate. Such association with a different AP, known as roaming, is typically encountered when the MU is moved in and out of range, e.g., to and from the periphery of the range of the original AP, but may occur even if the mobile unit is motionless during conditions of fluctuations in traffic on the AP with which the MU is associated.
The MU can be used for a variety of information retrieving and computing purposes including, but not limited to, Internet access, data base lookup, order entry, messaging, document preparation and word processing, scheduling, mathematical computation, and the like. For these purposes, each MU is provided with operating system software. In an embodiment, the operating system can be Windows CE®, Windows 9x®, Windows 2000®, or NT® platforms or the Stinger version of Windows CE®. In other embodiments, the operating system can be Mac OS, Palm OS, Symbian Generic Technology, VRTX RTOS, or Linux. In one embodiment, the memory 161 can be random access memory into which the operating system is loaded. In another embodiment, the memory 161 can be any type of firmware such as EPROM or EEPROM into which the operating system is “burned”.
Each base station 12, 13, 14 utilizes an RE transceiver connected to an antenna for RF transmission and reception from the remote units 15 using a transmit/receive exchange protocol. In one embodiment, the exchange protocol is similar to a collision-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol. An additional RF transceiver can be used as an RF link to and from other base stations, if necessary.
Base stations 12, 13, 14 are typically stationary units that use line power and are often not accessible to an operator. The RF signal path in a typical environment is changeable because equipment in the environment may move around as well as the locations of the remote units 15. As a result, the particular base station that is in communications with the remote unit 15 can change. In an implementation, a “hand-off” protocol is used to change the base station that is designated to communicate with the remote unit 15. In this manner, a remote unit 15 has a confirmed virtual link with only one base station at a time, although other base stations may be in range. The base stations 12, 13, 14 act as intermediaries for the communication link between the remote unit 15 and the host computer 10. The main function of the base stations 12, 13, 14 is to relay data between the remote units 15 and the host computer 10.
FIG. 3 illustrates an operating system having an application environment. As discussed above, the operating system 430 can be one of the various Windows® environments. The operating system 430 provides software to manage, configure, enable and allocate physical resources of the MU 15. For example, the operating system 430 may include a memory allocation algorithm to allocate the memory 161 among various software tasks. Additionally, the operating system includes instructions from the memory to control the RF transmissions and receptions as well as data flow between the data acquisition device and the RF transceiver.
Since the present invention is implemented in software, a more detailed background discussion of standard operating system features is in order. The Windows® client/server operating system provides shareable resources, such as files, memory, processes and threads, which are implemented as “objects” and are accessed by using “object services.” As known in the art, an “object” is a data structure whose physical format is hidden behind a type definition. Data structures, also referred to as records or formats, are organization schemes applied to data so that it can be interpreted, and so that specific operations can be performed on that data. Such data structures impose a physical organization on the collection of data stored within computer memory 161 and represent specific electrical, magnetic or organic elements.
An “object type,” also called an “object class,” comprises a data-type service that operates on instances of the data type, and a set of object attributes. An “object attribute” is a field of data in an object that partly defines that object's state. An “object service” implements and manipulates objects, usually by reading or changing the object attributes. “Object oriented design” is a software development technique in which a system or component is expressed using objects.
An object typically has two components: a function table, containing a pointer to each object member function (i.e., sometimes known as an object method) defined in the object's class, and a data block, containing the current values for each object variable (i.e., data members, sometimes known as an object property). An application has some reference to the object components through an object pointer. An application obtains this object reference by using a function call (direct or implied) in which that function allocates the object block in memory, initializes the function table, and returns the reference to the memory to an application.
Processes are implemented as objects. A process object comprises the following elements: an executable program; a private address space; system resources (e.g., communication ports and files) that the operating system allocates to the process as the program executes; and at least one “thread of execution.” A “thread” is the entity within a process that the operating system kernel schedules for execution. As is well known in the art, each thread has an associated “context”, which is the volatile data associated with the execution of the thread. A thread's context includes the contents of system registers and the virtual address belonging to the thread's process. Thus, the actual data comprising a thread's context varies as it executes.
As shown in FIG. 3, an application environment 410 contains one or more software application processes 411, 414. The applications 411, 414 can be any variety of applications for use on the remote unit 15. For example, the application 411 can be a browser for connecting to a network such as the Internet, or for data collection and entry into a form or template by bar code scanning. The application 414 can be a configuration program that configures the remote unit 15 for use with the network to which the remote unit 15 connects.
Many computer application programs such as those used in data collection, inventory control, databases, word processors, spreadsheets and the like employ graphical user interfaces (GUIs) which make the use of the application “user friendly”. A graphical user interface provides simple interactive tools for the input, manipulation and display of data as well as program execution control through the use of windows, icon, menus, tool bars, scroll bars, command button, option button, text input boxes, dialog boxes and the like. By providing a graphical user interface, the applications developer enables the operator to run the application intuitively and with minimal or no training.
Standard development tools exist which facilitate the development of graphical user interface applications. Using a typical forms-based GUI design tool, a GUI application is divided into screens called forms which represent the major subdivisions of the user interface. Each form is composed of objects or controls with associated fields which allow data entry by the operator, display data from the program, provide instructions to the operator, allow operator control of the program, and the like. Types of controls available in commercially available GUI development tools include text boxes for alphanumeric data entry by the operator, check boxes for yes/no data entry by the operator, option buttons for choice selection by the operator, command buttons to facilitate predefined event procedures, object frames for display of a graphical object to the operator, and labels for displaying information on the form such as operator instructions.
Each control type is defined by a particular subset of properties taken from a set of standard properties which are common to all control types. Property values determine the look and behavior of the control. For example, every control has a control name property, a control type property, and a caption property. In addition, certain control types have may have unique properties not used by the other control types.
Applications developers implement their programs by selecting controls from a menu of control types and by placing the controls in the desired locations on the form. The properties associated with the control type selected are then defined by the developer in order for the control to behave in a desired fashion. Each control type is implemented by a code module that defines the behavior for that control type which can be adjusted by setting the values of the properties defined for that control type. For example, a text box control type accepts data input into its associated field from the keyboard. In a calculation application, a text box allows the operator to enter numbers from the keyboard for subsequent arithmetic computation. Other types of control types execute specified routines selected. Thus, in the bar code scanning application, the operator would use key, trigger switch, or scan icons to select a command label SCAN DATA ENTER, which calls a subroutine to activate a bar code reader and receive data input.
By using predetermined control types, an operator can learn to use different graphical user interfaces quickly since they appear to operate in the same fashion. That is, a command button will appear the same to the operator for different applications, and the operator will expect it to operate in the same fashion regardless of the particular application. A prime example of this are programs written for operation in the Windows® environment, where different programs have similar elements such as pull-down menus, window size control buttons, help menus and dialog boxes which operate in a similar fashion in all applications.
It is desired to be able to develop such graphical user interfaces for use in applications associated with data collection terminals and similar devices having automatic data input capabilities such as bar code scanning. Data terminals have many applications where an operator desires to collect data either by keyboard entry or by automatic entry such as by scanning a bar code resident on a parcel package, product label, shelf tag or the like. In particular, it is desired to be able to allow the operator to have the option of either scanning a bar code with the target data encoded therein, or to enter data directly into the application if the bar code is damaged and unreadable. By providing a graphical user interface which allows both manual keyboard data entry, as well as automatic bar code scanning data entry, into the same field, data terminal operators can benefit from the user friendliness and intuitive features of such graphical user interfaces.
Programmers who desire to implement automatic data entry such as bar code scanning with the feature of selecting communication links, or attributes of such links, into a single application have been heretofore constrained to develop routines on a case-by-case basis, which is time consuming, tedious, and costly. Most often, the applications so developed were different every time, so that operators always had to re-learn each new application.
The present invention furnishes applications developers with a standard methodology in an applications development environment for integrating multiple communications channel capabilities in a convenient manner as is currently available with local area and cellular communications networks, with other features of graphical user interfaces for maintaining communications connectivity in local area, wide area, or cellular network environments with hand-offs between the channels.
The present invention also provides a custom control for a graphical user interface which is communications channel aware in that it utilizes the caller ID signaling channels of a cellular telephone call to facilitate transfer of a communication session from a local area network to a cellular telephone network.
Each application 411, 414 can have one or more processes 412, 413 and processes 415,416 respectively, associated with them. These processes can serve a variety of purposes related to the applications 411, 414. For example, one or more of the processes can be a dynamic link library (DLL) 412, 413, and 415, 416 respectively associated with it. A DLL is a feature of the Windows® platform that allow executable code modules to be loaded on demand and dynamically, and linked at run time. Library code can be updated, transparent to the applications 411, 414, and unloaded when no longer needed.
The operating system 430 can include an application program interface 490 (API). The API 490 is the software that the application processes 411, 414 use to request and carry out lower level services performed by the operating system 430. For Windows®, the API also helps applications 411, 414 manage windows, menus, icons and other graphical user interface (GUI) elements. The API 490 includes a set of standard software interrupts, calls and data formats which applications 411, 414 use to initiate contact with device drivers.
The operating system 430 can include one or more device drivers 450, 460. The device drivers 450, 460 provide control functionally specific to a particular physical device or class of devices. Additionally, the device drivers 450,460 provides standard software interfaces allowing other system components to access the controlled device. For example, one device driver 450 can control the code data acquisition device or remote unit 15 and provide data to and from applications 411, 414 through the API 490. The other device driver 460 can control the RF transceiver that allows data to be transferred from operating system 430 to the RF transceiver through device driver 460. Operating system 430 also includes a BIOS 402 to run standard start-up routines for the remote unit 15.
A variety of application programs can be included in the operating system. One such application is a WLAN autoconfiguration program. Since the remote unit 15 can be associated with a single WLAN having base stations 12, 13, 14, or multiple unrelated WLANs having multiple unrelated base stations, it is necessary for the mobile unit 15 to be able to configure itself to adapt to and communicate with one or more of several possible WLANs within range. This autoconfiguration program can enable a user to store configurations for numerous WLANs such that when a user turns on the mobile unit 15, the program automatically loads the correct configuration for each of the WLANs that the mobile unit 15 detects that it is near. As the number of WLANs increases, it is very useful for the user to be able to connect to the WLAN where he is physically located without being required to use the time to manually change the computer's configuration settings to associate with the WLAN and Internet.
FIG. 4 illustrates the software architecture of a Windows® CE mobile unit (see FIG. 6) according to the present invention in which the Virtual Socket layer is implemented between a standard communications API, such as Winsock and the applications. This mobile unit is a first computer that collects data and communicates with a second computer or base station. Data from the mobile unit that is intended for transmission to the second computer is temporarily stored during such time that the communication session between the computers is suspended. Subsequently, the stored information is transferred to the second computer upon resuming the communication session. Following the step of resuming communications, a communications interface software module forwards all data received from the mobile unit and intended for the second computer to the second computer.
FIG. 5 depicts a flowchart of the process steps according to the present invention. It is assumed that there are software applications in both computers, which are executing and communicating with each other over a communication link or first channel. In one embodiment, at some point, the communication link between both computers is impeded, or lost, and communication from one application to the other is interrupted. The software application in the base station notices at block 502 that the data stream to or from the mobile unit has been impeded or lost, and immediately sends an interruption signal at block 504 to a software module in the mobile unit which initiates the recovery process by storing and queuing pending messages prior to establishing a new channel (block 506). In another embodiment, the link does not have to be lost, but some other criteria is tested periodically. The software module in the base station making such a determination then initiates the channel changing process according to the present invention. Such module could reside in the mobile unit.
The software module in the base station dials a cellular telephone call over a public switched telephone network to the mobile unit (block 508) and sets up an alternative cellular communication channel meeting certain criteria (e.g., bandwidth, reliability, coverage, quality of service, security, etc.). Simultaneously, the application which was running on the base station is suspended due to the fact that data is no longer being received. With the application program properly suspended, the base station can function over as long a period of time as is necessary in order to complete the new link. Such a search for an alternative cellular communication channel can be made according to techniques known in the art by using different communication programs searching for different channels, different frequencies, or different networks. Preferably, the mobile unit has a calling ID feature which recognizes the identity of the base station that initiated the call. If the correct caller ID number is not identified at block 510, then the base station tries again to establish the cellular network channel. If the correct caller ID number is identified, then, as shown in block 512, the new link is established between the mobile unit and the base station, and the applications resume their operation using the new link. Assuming that a new channel is found which re-establishes communication to the mobile unit, an acknowledgment is received by the base station, that the new channel is acceptable to the mobile unit, and the alternate link is established.
If no acknowledgment has been received, then an interrupt may be received that a signal has come in on an alternative communication channel, indicating that the normal communications channel between the communicating applications has been impeded or lost. In either event, the application running on each of the remote computers is suspended and put into a temporary state pending reconstruction of the new communication channel.
At this point, the virtual socket API, as further provided in the present invention, enables re-establishment of communication between application programs through a new socket and new physical communications channel. More specifically, a new or virtual socket is established in the remote computer which replaces the physical socket over which the application program had utilized formerly for communication. The new or virtual socket, therefore, transfers data over the higher levels of the protocol stacks directly to the new communication channel, thereby bypassing or ignoring the first physical socket.
Meanwhile, at the other computer, a corresponding virtual socket has been set-up and communication is established between the application program running on such computer and the virtual socket. The virtual socket is in communication with the new communicating channel and an initialization routine is set-up in order to re-establish communication between the application programs over the new communication channel utilizing the two corresponding virtual sockets. Once such a reinitializing program has been completed, the pending application programs in each respective computer can be taken out of the suspend mode, and communication re-established at the point at which the application programs were suspended.
Thus, according to the present invention and in contrast with the prior art, re-establishment of the communication channel through new sockets is implemented in each of the corresponding computers without making use of a central controller or other type of intermediate controller or gateway. Such software applications allow communication between two computers to be re-established regardless of the specific type of communication network, or the facilities available in such networks.
Other than reading and transferring bar code information, another important application on the mobile unit is a web browser. The web browser communicates with a client-side intercept module. The web server communicates with a server-side interrupt module. The client-side interrupt module then communicates with the server-side interrupt module over the communication link. The web browser and the client-side intercept module are contained in the mobile computer. The server-side intercept module and the web server may be contained in a host computer on the network. The first mobile computer and the second computer communicate over the wireless network, and an external communication link.
Preferably, the web browser is an Internet web browser utilizing hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) and hypertext markup language (HTML) to communicate with an Internet web server which also uses HTTP and HTML. In operation, the web browser would output an HTTP data stream which is intercepted by the client-side intercept module. The intercept of the HTTP data stream by the client-side intercept module may be accomplished through the use of the TCP/IP loop-back feature where the client-side intercept module resides at an IP address having a network number of 127, such as 127.0.0.1. The client-side intercept module then converts or transforms the HTTP data stream into a client/server specific protocol and transmits the client/server specific data stream onto the external communication link. The server-side intercept module receives the client/server specific data stream and reconstructs the original HTTP data stream corresponding to the web browser originated communication. This reconstructed HTTP data stream is then transferred to the web server. The web server responds to the HTTP data stream in the normal manner of the Internet web server. As will be appreciated by one of skill in the art, the web server may also be a proxy which allows multiple browsers to connect to the server.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the web browser communicates to the client-side intercept module using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). TCP may also be used for a communication between the client-side intercept module and the server-side intercept module over the external communication link. Finally, TCP may be used for communication between the server-side intercept module and the web server. While TCP may be used for communication between the various components that make up the system of the present invention, the HTTP protocol does not provide the most efficient means for communication over an external communication link. One embodiment of the present invention creates what are referred to herein as “virtual sockets” which are utilized in the connection between the web browser and the client-side intercept module and the web server.
In a Windows® implementation, the program includes a window in the Windows® environment similar to control panel or Dial-Up networking. The program seamlessly blends into the operating system. The Windows® shell uses a single hierarchical name space to organize all objects such as files, storage devices, printers, network resources, and anything else that can be viewed using an application such as Windows Explorer®.
An Internet protocol address (IP address) contained in the packet header is exemplary of an identification address which can be used to address packets of data which are to be routed over a network using TCP/IP protocol to a network station. The IP address is, of course, utilized when transmissions are made pursuant to the Internet Protocol. Analogous network addresses are used when data is to be transmitted pursuant to other protocols, such as the Novel IPX protocol, or the X.25 protocol, or GSM protocols for cellular channels.
One aspect of the present invention is to be able to provide the current network address of a specific wireless mobile unit that communicates with the server following a period of time when it has been off the network, based upon the name or identity of the user, and a database look-up. This feature is particularly useful in applications and environments in which the wireless mobile units are moved from network to network. Such applications are also important in wireless network environments to control entry into a network and authorize association of wireless terminals on the network. Since the communications protocols for wireless networks are typically open standards, interoperable terminals belong to unauthorized users in range of a network access point may be able to communicate with or listen to the network traffic, or utilize the network to communicate over private network facilities and channels. In the case of a network using the IP protocol, the network address would be the IP address. For full generality, the term “network address” is used in the discussion that follows, although in the preferred embodiment, the network address would be the IP address.
The process of assigning a network address to a wireless terminal may be performed by a domain name server (DNS) or a dynamic host configuration protocol (DHCP) server connected to the network. Such services provide domain name to network address translation and temporary assignment of a network address to the mobile unit. Alternatively, the set of available network addresses may be stored internally in a memory in the terminal itself, and a specific network address released to the user that is associated with the user's identification.
The formation and maintenance of an ESS makes use of a registration service that is accessed via the Service Location Protocol (SLP, RFC 2608). The registration service for each ESS maintains a list of all the APs in the ESS and a mapping of their BSSIDs to their IP addresses on the DSM. To become part of an ESS, an AP must register itself and provide both its BSSID and DSM IP address to the registration service. This action is performed in response to an IAPP-INITIATE request at the IAPP SAP.
An ESS is a set of Basic Service Sets (BSSs) that form a single LAN, allowing an IEEE 802.11 mobile station to move transparently, from one BSS to another, throughout the ESS. The establishment of the first AP in the DS accomplishes the formation of an ESS. The AP is started, and an IAPP-INITATE request is issued. The use of IEEE 802.1X is required to authenticate with the DS. A search is made in the registration service for the SSID. If this is the first AP in the ESS, the AP will use the SSID that was passed into the service to initialize the registration service for the ESS. The AP provides its BSSID (MAC address) and UDP port number, as well as its IP address to the registration service. If an AP is behind a NAT, the address registered is the incorrect address, i.e., the private address rather than the globally reachable address, except if there is more than one AP behind a NAT, in which case the other APs behind the NAT require the private address and the APs on the global site of a NAT require the global address.
Management entities can query the registration service to obtain information about each of the APs in the registration service. The registration service may be able to manage one or more ESSs, but only one registration service manages a given ESS. The SSID may reflect the nature/boundaries of the ESS. As each AP deregisters, the registration service removes the entry for that AP. When the last AP is removed for an ESS, the registration service removes the SSID entry as well.
Similar registration services may be provided on the cellular network side as well, and need not be elaborated here.
The automatic data capture of information through bar code reading, automatic establishment of a communications link, and the automatic, transparent reconfiguration of the wireless data link at times selected by the user at the mobile terminal is a key aspect of the present invention which is believed to provide simplicity of use, efficiency of use of bandwidth and cost effective savings in the data capture, database browsing and information transfer processes contemplated for many different user applications.
As shown in FIG. 6, another aspect of the present invention is to utilize a graphical user interface on the mobile unit which enables a user to select between different types of data entry 601, different types of data links 602, different types of data 603, different times 604, or other operational parameters for a mobile unit through the use of icons, buttons, meters, slides, or other objects implemented on an interactive display. For example, for the data link selection 602, the present invention may also provide an interactive display to the user depicting a graph or list of the carriers, servers, networks, or users, wherein points represent mobile units, network nodes, gateways, service providers, radio paging services, or other well known designated network units, while lines represent channels, links, or other connectivity media. The list of networks includes a LAN, a WAN, or one of three cellular telephone networks, each having a further choice of whether the quality of signal (QOS) is high or low. The user may define the message delivery architecture by pointing and clicking, or drag and dropping, on such objects on the display as is well known in the art so as to achieve the desired notification schedule. Once such architecture is specified by a user, it may be implemented as a software file and sent to the actual various network elements represented, along with activation schedules, to indicate the duration, context, or other bounds with which the message service is to be configured.
Various aspects of the techniques and apparatus may be implemented in digital circuitry, or in computer hardware, firmware, software, or in combinations thereof. Apparatus of the invention may be implemented in computer products tangibly embodied in a machine-readable storage device for execution by a programmable processor, or on software located at a network node or website which may be downloaded to the computer product automatically or on demand.
The foregoing techniques may be performed, for example, on a single central processor, a multiprocessor, one or more digital signal processors, gate arrays or logic gates, or hardwired logic circuits for executing a sequence of signals or program of instructions to implement aspects of the invention by operating on input data and generating output. The methods may advantageously be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. Each computer program may be implemented in a high-level procedural or object-oriented programming language, or in assembly or machine language if desired; and, in any case, the language may be compiled or interpreted language.
Suitable processors include, by way of example, both general and special purpose microprocessors. Generally, a processor will receive instructions and data from read-only memory and/or random access memory. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and data include all forms of non-volatile memory, including by way of example, semiconductor devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks; magneto-optical disks; and CD-ROM disks. Any of the foregoing may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, specially designed application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs).
It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, also may find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above.
While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a software module for use in a data collection terminal in a wireless communications network, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention.
Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention and, therefore, such adaptations should and are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalence of the following claims.
What is claimed as new and desired to be protected by Letters Patent is set forth in the appended claims.

## Claims

1. A method of maintaining communications between a mobile, wireless terminal and a base station of a wireless local area network (LAN), comprising the steps of:
determining when the communications between the terminal and the station over a first communications channel on the LAN have been impeded;
placing a telephone call from the station to the terminal over a public switched telephone network (PSTN) upon the determination that the communications over the first channel were impeded;
establishing a second communications channel on the PSTN; and
transferring further communications between the terminal and the station over the second channel on the PSTN.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the determining step is performed by the station.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the placing step is performed by having the station make a telephone connection to the terminal.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the establishing step includes the step of authenticating the station making the telephone connection.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein the station transmits an identifier to the terminal, and wherein the terminal verifies the identifier prior to performing the transferring step.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the identifier is a caller ID telephone number.

7. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of suspending communications between the terminal and the station during the performance of the placing step and the establishing step.

8. The method of claim 7, and further comprising a step of storing the communications suspended during the suspending step.

9. The method of claim 8, and further comprising a step of queuing the stored communications.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the placing step is performed over a cellular PSTN.

11. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of collecting data in the terminal by electro-optically reading coded indicia, and wherein the maintaining of communications between the terminal and the station includes a step of transferring the collected data from the terminal to the station.

12. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of retrieving data from the station, and the step of displaying the retrieved data on the terminal, and wherein the maintaining of communications between the terminal and the station includes a step of transferring the retrieved data from the station to the terminal.

13. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of initiating the placing step by manually selecting a type of the network on which the second channel is to be established.

14. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of manually selecting a type of data to be transferred between the terminal and the station.

15. The method of claim 1, and further comprising a step of manually collecting data, and the step of automatically collecting data, and the step of manually selecting whether data to be transferred between the terminal and the station is to be manually or automatically collected.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the second channel is performed by changing radio frequency drivers.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the establishing of the second channel is performed by changing channel modulation.