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UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE

GEORGE H. CARTER, Public Printer ANNUAL REPORT

OF THE

PUBLIC PRINTER

1933

UNITED STATES

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON : 1934
CONTENTS

Page

Annual report of the Public Printer 1-100

Receipts and expenditures 1 Complications under the economy acts 4

Costs and charges for work 7 Production records for the year 10

Cost of congressional printing 13 Work done for departments 23 Economies in patent printing, etc 26-32 Employees and work since July 1 32 N.R.A. printing a great task 36

Public Documents Division 47-51

Distribution of publications 47

Sales of publications 48

Depository libraries 49 Waste and duplication of publications 51

Tests and technical control 51 Procurement, stores, and delivery 61 Maintenance Division services 62 Mechanical progress of the plant '. 67 Apprentice School graduation 75 Revision of the Style Manual 81 Century of Progress exhibit 86 Permanent Conference on Printing 89 Personnel, health, and relief 92

Cafeteria and Recreation Association 96 Calendar of Harding Hall events 97

Printing of annual or special reports 99

Division of Accounts

Statistical tables 101-111

Division of Tests and Technical Control

Report of the Technical Director 113-130 Paper 115 Type metals 118

Printing inks 119 Press rollers, glues, and paste 121 Photoengraving research 122

Electrotyping research 125 Bookbinding research 126 Newsprint and news ink research 127

Publications 128 Other activities 129 n
ANNUAL REPORT OF THE PUBLIC PRINTER

United States Government Printing Office,

Office of the Public Printer,

Washington^ D.C.^ January 4, 193Jf. To the Congress of the United States:

In compliance with law, I have the honor to submit the following

report on the work of the Government Printing Office for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, and from July 1 to December 15 of the

calendar year 1933.

Resources available to the Government Printing Office, including

the Office of the Superintendent of Documents, from appropriations

and payments for work during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933,

totaled $13,709,716.44, a decrease of $1,517,756.60 from the resources

for the preceding fiscal year. During the 20 fiscal years 1914-33 the resources of the Government

Printing Office have nearly doubled, the income for 1914 having been

$7,042,607.46.

decrease of $2,837,5 74.83 IN EXPENDITURES

Expenditures from all resources available for the entire Office in

the fiscal year 1933 totaled $12,372,913.37, a decrease of $2,837,574.83

from the expenditures for the preceding fiscal year. The expenditures for the fiscal year 1933 included $740,602.38 for the Office of the

Superintendent of Documents, which sells, distributes, and catalogs

Government publications under the direction of the Public Printer.

During the 20 fiscal years 1914-33 the expenditures of the entire

Office have also about doubled, the amount for 1914 having been

$6,959,961.53.

Purchases of paper, printing materials, and machinery included in

the expenditures for the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $2,710,718.20,

which was $1,819,194.79 less than the total purchases in the preceding

year. Paper purchases in 1933 amounted to $1,680,724.73, the lowest

expenditure for that purpose since 1916. During the 20 fiscal years

1914-33 the Government Printing Office has expended $57,956,316.56

for paper used in its work and supplied to other departments and

establishments of the Government.

1
2 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The larger part of the expenditures in the fiscal year 1933 was for

labor, amounting to $10,122,859.98, but of this sum $1,055,079.94 was impounded by the Economy Act and returned to the Treasury, thus

reducing the actual compensation paid employees to $9,067,780.04.

This includes leave and holiday pay and was $1,612,542.10 less than

similar compensation in the preceding fiscal year. Payments for

wages, salaries, and leave in 1914 totaled $4,424,010.86.

Average compensation per employee in 1933 was $1,923.34, or $270.87 less than in 1932, due to Economy Act reductions. The

average compensation in 1914 was $1,113.47, or $809.87 less than in

1933.

FEWER EMPLOYEES IN FISCAL YEAR 19 33 The average number of employees on the rolls during the fiscal year

1933 was 4,754, a decrease of 239 from the 1932 average. The highest

average during the last 20 years was 5,042 for war work in 1919. The

number of employees then gradually decreased to an average of 3,985

in 1926, since which time the annual average has grown with the

work, and reached an average of 4,993 for the fiscal year 1932.

The number of employees on the rolls June 30, 1933, was 4,557, and was further reduced to 4,297 on October 1. Since then there were 63

additional separations from the rolls up to December 15. Bapidly increasing requirements of printing and binding for the

new recovery activities of the Government have necessitated the

temporary employment of 417 pressmen, bookbinders, bindery operatives, and laborers, making an enrollment of 4,651 employees on December 15, 1933.

$1,336,803.07 RETURNED TO THE TREASURY

Eeceipts from appropriations and payments for work during the

fiscal year 1933 exceeded the expenditures with an unobligated bal- ance of $1,336,803.07, which the Public Printer has returned to the

Treasury. This is the largest unexpended balance that the Government Printing Office has accumulated since 1922, when the sum of

$2,114,818.15 was returned to the Treasury by the present Public

Printer, who in the last 13 years has left in the public funds

unexpended balances totaling $9,415,921.82.

In addition to the unobligated balance of $1,336,803.07 and the

impounded wage reduction of $1,055,079.94, both of which were

returned to the Treasury out of the $13,709,716.44 of resources available for the fiscal year 1933, the Public Printer deposited to the

credit of miscellaneous Treasury receipts the sum of $233,071.68

from profits in the sales of Government publications and payments

for Waste paper and other unserviceable materials.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 3

These returns to the Treasury of unused funds for the fiscal year

1933 totaled $2,624,954.69, an increase of $2,436,033.28 over similar returns in the preceding year. During the 13 years 1921-33 unexpended miscellaneous receipts

deposited in the Treasury by the Public Printer have amounted to

$3,282,363.59, which, added to the unexpended balances for the same

period, make the savings for the 13 fiscal years total $12,698,285.41,

the largest sums ever returned to the Treasury by any Public Printer.

DRASTIC REDUCTION IN PURCHASES

The unusually large balance returned to the Treasury on June 30,

1933, was due principally to a drastic reduction in purchases during

the fiscal year, especially of paper and machinery^ For paper,

$1,033,468.56 less was expended in the fiscal year 1933 than in 1932.

Of the annual allotment of $300,000 authorized by Congress for the

purchase of new machinery, only $4,658.60 was spent in the fiscal year 1933.

In view of the decrease of approximately $3,000,000 in the regular

appropriations available to the departments for expenditure at the

Government Printing Office in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933,

it was deemed advisable to reduce the stock of paper and materials.

The inventory of paper and materials on hand June 30, 1933, totaled

$512,188.90, being $358,558.51 less than that of June 30, 1932. Paper

on hand June 30, 1933, totaled 7,705,148 pounds, a decrease of 3,625,398

pounds from the 1932 inventory.

The large unexpended balance was also partly caused by abnormal

receipts in the closing months of the fiscal year due to a settlement of

accounts with Congress and the assistance which the Public Printer

rendered at the request of various departments by completing and

charging as much work as could be done before July 1 so as to conserve their reduced appropriations for the fiscal year 1934.

CONGRESS ADJUSTS ITS ACCOUNTS

Congress adjusted its accounts with the Government Printing Office by allowing $450,000 of its printing funds for 1934 to be available in

the fiscal year 1933 and authorizing the unallotted balance of $298,800

in the $2,250,000 working capital of the Government Printing Office to be used for congressional printing and binding for 1933. As the

cost of labor and material for the work thus charged to Congress had

already been paid by the Government Printing Office, the $748,800

made available for this work was credited to the accounts of Congress with the Government Printing Office and subsequently included

in the unexpended balance returned to the Treasury on June 30, 1933.
4 Annual Report of the Public Printer

By rushing work to the limit during June, the annual " hang-over '* of uncompleted and uncharged departmental printing and binding,

which at the beginning of the fiscal year 1933 totaled $3,275,187.17, was reduced to $1,513,010.37 on July 30, 1933. Departmental printing appropriations were thereby relieved of the usual amount of

" hang-over " charges which the Director of the Budget had proposed to include in a limitation of total cash withdrawals under any

appropriations in the fiscal year 1934. The computed product for

June 1933, totaled '$1,529,236.21, an increase of $432,910.62, or 39

percent.

FINANCIAL HELP TO THE DEPARTMENTS

In further relief of departmental appropriations for 1934, the

Public Printer charged to available 1933 appropriations approximately $411,000 for labor and materials used on jobs uncompleted by

June 30. Ordinarily these charges would not have been collected

until the work was completed in the fiscal year 1934 and then placed

to the credit of the Government Printing Office for subsequent use. As a result of rendering this financial assistance to the various

departments and establishments, the Government Printing Office denied itself approximately $1,000,000 additional funds for use in the

fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933, most of which was returned to the

Treasury with the unexpended balance thus accumulated in the fiscal year 1933.

COMPLICATIONS UNDER THE ECONOMY ACTS

In addition to the impounding of wages and other restriction of

funds, the financial transactions of the Government Printing Office

have been greatly complicated by the following provisions in the two

Economy Acts which were in effect during the fiscal year 1933

1. Under the Economy Act of June 30, 1932, the Public Printer

exercised the option of adopting a 5-day (40 hours) work week for

the Government Printing Office, with a reduction of one eleventh in

the pay of employees which had been at the rate of 48 hours for a 44-hour work week under the Saturday half holiday law. The

Economy Act of March 20, 1933, effective on April 1, ended the fixed rate of wage reduction and authorized the President to determine

the impounding of wages on a percentage basis, which was set at 15

percent.

This change in the method of wage reduction, from one eleventh

of an employee's earnings in a 40-hour work week to 15 percent of

his pay in a 44-hour work week, resulted in the impounding of

$674,195.56 under the first Economy Act and $380,884.38 under the

second Economy Act for the fiscal year 1933.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 5

However, the Public Printer was able to continue the 5-day work

week for the Government Printing Office until September 9 by combining the Saturday half holidays granted by the act of 1931 with

leave restored by the Economy Act of 1933, thus giving employees a

full holiday with pay on Saturdays until their available leave was

exhausted.

SHORTER WORK WEEK AGAIN RECOMMENDED

Since September 9 the Office has been operating under the Saturday half holiday law, which is difficult of administration and disturbing to the work routine by requiring compensatory time off on

another day if employees work more than 4 hours on Saturday.

Therefore, the Public Printer's recommendation of a 5-day work

week is renewed in the interest of more efficient operation of the

Government Printing Office and in justice to its employees who are

entitled to a shorter work week in accord with the National Recovery

Act.

2. Another fiscal complication has resulted in restoration by the

1933 Economy Act of leave with pay which had been reduced from

30 to 15 days by the Economy Act of 1932 and suspended for the

fiscal year 1933. The Comptroller General decided on April 21,

1933, that, under the Economy Act effective April 1, 1933, the Public

Printer was authorized to grant 15 days' leave that employees had

earned in the .fiscal year 1932 and also pro rata leave for the

remainder of the fiscal year 1933. The new leave legislation

required the expenditure of $272,000 in the granting of leave during

the last 3 months of the fiscal year 1933. This sum was paid out of

the funds available from charges for work done in that year without

additional appropriations.

PAYMENTS FOR LEAVE AND HOLIDAYS

Payments for leave, Saturday half holidays, and other holidays

granted by law for the fiscal year 1933 totaled $1,288,279.55, all of

which had to be included in the charges for work done during the

year. On account of Economy Act restrictions, the expenditures for

leave and holiday pay in 1933 were $665,105.50 less than in 1932.

Due to the expectation that leave would not be restored during the

fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933, the regular appropriation to the

Government Printing Office for that period did not include any

specific authority for payment of leave. Therefore, when leave was

restored by the act effective April 1, 1933, it was necessary to obtain an authorization by Congress for leave payments, which was granted

in the Deficiency Act of May 29, 1933.
6 Annual Report of the Public Printer

By this act, $400,000 of the working capital of the Government

Printing Office for the fiscal year 1934 was made available for

granting 15 days' annual leave of absence with pay to employees.

Although an estimate, it was believed at the time that such a sum

would be sufficient. However, an unusual rush of work at the close

of the fiscal year ended June 30 reduced the granting and charging

of leave in that fiscal year, and a large part of this expense had to be transferred to the succeeding fiscal year with its $400,000 limitation on leave payments.

Leave granted in compliance with law during the first 5 months of

the present fiscal year has amounted to $299,567.07, which shows that

additional funds will have to be made available for that purpose

during the year. If the limitation is removed, the leave can be paid

from the regular funds received by the Government Printing Office

for work done, without any additional appropriation. Legislative

authorization therefor is recommended.

CURRENT RATE FOR LEA^^ PAY PROPOSED

To simplify and reduce the expense of leave accounts, it is recom- mended that the Public Printer be authorized to grant leave to employees at the rate of pay for their regular positions at the time

leave is taken, instead of at the rate at which it was earned. The

proposed change would conform to the method, which obtains in all other branches of the Government service, of granting leave to employees at their current rate of pay.

Under the accounting system required of this Office it has often

been necessary to compute an employee's leave pay at half a dozen

different rates at which he worked during the preceding fiscal year. Many employees are thus required to take leave at a higher or lower

rate of pay than their regular compensation at the time they are granted leave, which also causes much confusion and uncertainty in

the preparation and auditing of pay rolls. PRESENT LEAVE PAY IS COMPLICATED

The present procedure is further complicated by the fact that

under the 1932 Economy Act leave is now cumulative from year to year and may include many more different rates of pay than heretofore. Furthermore, the Comptroller General held on May 9, 1933,

that the Public Printer may grant leave with pay the same year in

which it is earned, thereby changing the old rule that leave must be

earned in one year and taken in the succeeding year. It may now be

possible to grant some employees leave at the current rate of pay and

others at the rate in which it was earned in prior years.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 7

The law for leave ought to be uniform to prevent possible discriminations, and therefore the current rate is recommended as fair to the

employee and a simpler basis of accounting.

3. The Economy Act of March 20, 1933, also increased the cost of

work done during the remainder of the fiscal year by restoring the

former night differential of 15 percent which the 1932 Economy Act

had reduced one half, and by reviving the extra rate for overtime

work. During the 9 months that these restrictions were in effect approximately $335,000 was saved in labor costs.

4. Both of the Economy Acts, 1932 and 1933, restrict promotions,

thus depressing the morale and offering little hope of reward for

efficient service. This restriction prevented promotion during the

fiscal year 1933 of 87 employees who were entitled to advancement

under Office rules and trade agreements.

COSTS AND CHARGES FOR WORK

The cost of all operations and materials required in the production

of printing, binding, and blank paper during the fiscal year 1933

amounted to $12,454,187.04, which was $1,850,584.39 less than the cost for the preceding fiscal year. In addition, approximately $400,000 was spent on uncompleted jobs for labor and materials to be charged

in the fiscal year 1934. Production costs for the fiscal year 1933 included labor, $7,685,-

569.13, a decrease of $584,043.04; paper and materials, $2,327,888.34, a decrease of $1,113,728.02; maintenance and upkeep of buildings and

equipment, $1,542,743.97, an increase of $28,247.60; administrative

and clerical, $698,277.29, a decrease of $67,444.26 ; delivery and plate

storage, $127,824.18, a decrease of $13,844.94.

Charges for work done during the fiscal year 1933 amounted to

$12,941,095.24, exceeding the total cost, including the impounded wage

reductions, by $486,908.20, or 4 percent.

PRINCIPAL ITEMS OF ANNUAL. CHARGES

In the charges for work delivered during the fiscal year 1933 were

the following principal items: Composition, $5,408,788.60; presswork,

$1,208,388.15; bindery, $2,473,121.34; platemaking, $279,773.22; illus- trations, $265,914.10; authors' alterations, $253,787.54, an increase of

$13,616.24; rush and overtime work, $170,072.57, including an extra charge of $14,943.59 on rush jobs, a decrease of $50,978.21.

Paper charges amounted to $2,081,064.11, including $412,918.74 for

blank paper, a decrease of $839,129.92 for the year. Printing and binding supplies, including inks, rollers, and glues, were sold to other Government departments at charges amounting to
8 Annual Report of the Public Printer

$38,982.85, a decrease of $90,516.63 as compared with the amount of

similar supplies sold in 1932.

The following summary of charges for all work done by the Government Printing Office during the fiscal year 1933 shows the amounts

allotted under sections 302 and 303 of the Economy Act (Public, No.

212, 72d Cong.), charges for work completed in the fiscal year 1933

under allotments and exemptions therefrom, charges to other appropriations for work ordered prior to and completed in 1933, and grand

totals of all charges by the Public Printer for printing and binding,

blank paper, and printing supplies

Summary of charges by Government Printmg Office in the fiscal year 1933

Printing, binding, blank paper, and supplies

Allotted for work at Government

Printing

Office

Charges for work completed in

1933

Charges in

1933 on orders placed in

prior years

Total charges

in 1933

Printing and binding: Under 1933 Economy Act limitation of

$8,000,000: Legislative ($2,500,000): Congress $1, 951, 200. 00 $1, 951, 200. 00

354,020. 13

138, 710. 89

$1, 951, 200. 00 Library of Congress. Superintendent of Documents

Total legislative under allotment- Departmental ($5,500,000). Congress, additional (act Feb. 28, 1933)

395,000.00

153, 800. 00

$16,014. 38

39, 163. 88

370, 034. 51

177, 874. 77

2, 600,000. 00

6, 112, 892. 60

748, 800. 00

2, 443, 931. 02

1 3, 348, 070. 23

748, 800. 00

55, 178. 26

2, 402, 095. 32

2,499, 109.28

6, 750, 165. 65

748, 800. 00 Total, legislative and departmental... Exempt from allotment: Postal cards

8, 361,692.60 6, 540, 801. 25 2, 457, 273. 58 8,998, 074.83

438, 643. 60 133,080.35

1, 274, 702. 23

203, 841. 60

53, 259. 38

50, 605. 71

315, 688. 20

1, 439. 42

180, 500. 00

3, 047. 23 36,395.46

798, 845. 87

619, 143. 60

136, 127. 58

1, 311, 097. 69

1, 002, 687. 47

53, 259. 38

51, 675. 48

315, 688. 20

1, 439. 42

Money orders. Patent OflBce Private orders Superintendent of Documents:

Miscellaneous 1,069. 77

Sales. Library of Congress: Miscellaneous

Total exempt from Economy Act

2, 471, 260. 49 1,019, 858. 33 3,491,118.82 Grand total, printing and binding

Blank paper: Under 1933 Economy Act limitation of $400,000 Exempt from allotment

8, 361, 692. 60 9, 012, 061. 74 3, 477, 131. 91 12, 489, 193. 66

380, 620. 00 2 283,065. 34

33, 771. 33

96,046. 64

35. 43

379, 111. 98

33, 806. 76

380, 620. 00 316, 836. 67 96,082. 07 412, 918. 74 Printing supplies: Inks, rollers, glues, etc 38, 982. 85 38, 982. 85

12, 941, 095. 24

> Additional obligations for printing and binding ordered but not completed in 1933 amounted to

$1,025,900.62, making total $4,373,970.85.

* Additional obligations for blank paper ordered but not delivered in 1933 amounted to $5,985.64, making-total $289,050.98.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 9

The charges for work done in the fiscal year 1933 included labor

at the normal basic rates with no allowance for decreased cost to the

Government by the wage-impounding provisions of the Economy Act. If the Public Printer had been authorized to charge for printing and

binding at the reduced labor cost instead of at the regular wage rates, the total billings for 1933 could have been reduced $999,091.53, the

impounded amount of wages and salaries for the production divisions.

IMPOUNDED FUNDS FOR CONGRESSIONAL WORK

By a provision in the Legislative Appropriation Act for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933, not to exceed $1,000,000 of Government

Printing Office funds which otherwise would be impounded during

that year under provisions of the Economy Act " relating to the

legislative furlough, compensation reductions, and reduced differential for night work " is to be credited to the working capital of the

Government Printing Office and made available for printing and

binding for Congress. Thus, for another fiscal year at least, reduced

labor costs cannot be reflected in charges for work done by the

Government Printing Office, which must continue its scale of prices

in accord with the basic wage rates that have been in effect since 1924.

However, notwithstanding the impounding of wage and salary

decreases under the Economy Act, substantial reductions were made

in charges for work done during the fiscal year 1933 and the year

beginning July 1, 1933.

On February 1, 1933, an average reduction of 10 percent was made

in the scale of charges for general printing and binding with a saving of approximately $464,000 in billings for work done during

the remainder of the fiscal year ended June 30. The charges for

postal cards were reduced 10 percent at the beginning of the fiscal year 1933. A decrease of approximately $100,000 was also made in

charges for Patent Office printing which was not included in the

general 10-percent reduction on February 1.

$500,000 REDUCTION IN PATENT PRINTING

As a result of changes in type and method of printing patent

specifications and the Official Gazette which were agreed to by

Secretary of Commerce Roper on June 2, 1933, and effective with the

issue of August 1, a reduction of approximately $500,000 will be

made in this work for the Patent Office during the fiscal year 1934, as compared with the charges for 1932.

A further reduction, effective June 1, 1933, was made in the charges

for postal cards and money orders, saving approximately $225,000 to the Post Office Department for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933.
10 Annual Report of the Public Printer

PRODUCTION RECORDS FOR THE YEAR

Copies of all kinds of printed matter, ranging from postal cards,

blank forms, and letterheads to pamphlets, patent specifications, and more pretentious publications, were produced in the fiscal year 1933

to the number of 3,098,684,889, a decrease of 304,924,547 copies from

the preceding fiscal year. The principal part of the printed matter produced in 1933 consisted of blanks, notices, schedules, and postal cards, which totaled

2,726,143,488 copies, a decrease of 237,269,712 for the year. Postal

cards printed in 1933 totaled 1,290,469,000, a decrease of 75,601,000.

Tabulating cards were printed to the number of 229,832,000, an

increase of 133,119,000 due to furnishing of cards throughout the

year to the Postal Service. Sixteen special presses are used exclusively for the printing of tabulating cards. Several of the presses are equipped with colored striping devices developed in this Office,

and 3-900,000 striped cards were printed during the year. The cost of tabulating cards furnished by the Government Printing Office is about half the prices charged by the tabulating-machine

companies, which continue to exact of the Government 18% per- cent extra rental charges if Government-made tabulating cards are used in their machines. A suit by which the Government is seeking

relief from the alleged discriminatory rentals and unfair practices of

the tabulating-machine companies is pending before the United

States District Court in New York City.

CATALOG CAEDS FOR LIBRARY USE

Included in the card production for the year was a total of

24,699,600 catalog cards printed for the use of and for sale by the

Library of Congress, an increase of 1,071,060 over the 1932 total. Of

this number of cards, 3,564,000 were reprinted by the offset process. For the printing of new cards, 98,499 titles were set during the year, an increase of 4,812.

Publications, other than the Congressional Record, printed in the

fiscal year 1933, totaled 78,100,771 copies, of which 41,512,176 were

of octavo size, a decrease of 16,380,259 copies from the preceding year. There were 2,027,092 type pages in the publications for 1933, an

increase of 33,891. Copies of publications bound totaled 1,071,229, a decrease of 134,634. The total cost of publications, other than the

Congressional Record, was $6,075,616.55, a decrease of $204,009.77.

Annual reports of the various departments and establishments of

the Government for the fiscal year 1932, printed in 1933, consisted of

19,083 type pages, a decrease of 3,098 from the reports for 1931.

There were printed of all the 1932 reports a total of 433,520 copies at

a cost of $203,072.80, a decrease in cost of $49,907.39.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 11

The annual reports for the fiscal year 1933 now in process of printing will be reduced about 40 percent in size and considerably less in

number. In 1932 there were 55 more reports printed than have been

put into type for the year 1933. Printed letterheads and envelops totaled 101,327,785 copies for the

fiscal year 1933, a decrease of 35,079,044. The cost was $178,261.55, a

decrease of $60,516.85.

REDUCTION OF EMBOSSED STATIONERY

Embossed letterheads and envelops ordered for departmental use

in 1933 cost $7,841.33 for 1,162,250 copies, a decrease of 112,300 copies.

Embossed stationery has not been furnished to Members and committees of Congress for the last 20 years except at personal expense,

and only three small cash orders were received in the fiscal year 1933.

Blank books of various kinds and sizes were produced to the number of 1,731,443 copies, a decrease of 163,808. The total cost of blank

books ordered in 1933 was $415,057.99, a decrease of $32,500.82.

With the reduced volume of work and fewer employees in the

fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, various operations of typesetting,

proofreading, platemaking, presswork, and binding likewise were

less than during the fiscal year 1932.

Ems of type set in 1933 totaled 2,383,599,100, a decrease of 406,-

645,900 ems from the record-breaking total in 1932 which included

type for the extensive reports of the 1930 census and the large

increase of patent specifications and the Congressional Kecord. Substantially all the type was machine set and cast on 174 linotypes, 100

monotype keyboards, and 130 monotype casters. Linotype composition in 1933 totaled 1,129,106,900 ems and monotype 1,203,425,400 ems. TYPE-MACHINE OPERATORS' AVERAGES

The type-machine operators' averages for 1933 were as follows:

Linotype, 5,257 ems per hour, an increase of 107 ems ; monotype, 7,002 ems per hour, a decrease of 424 ems. The monotype casting machines produced a total of 866,423,987

units in the fiscal year 1933, a decrease of 143,709,705 units. An

average of 4,306 units per hour were cast. These machines also cast 723,000 pounds of sorts during the year. The sorts supply room

issued 727,807 pounds of type, rules, slugs, leads, etc., in 1933 and had

199,750 poiands on hand June 30. A recent inventory also showed 178,000 pages of type in the Office awaiting return of proofs or orders for reprints. At the same time

23,000 galleys of type were on hand for proofreading and correction.

The standing type weighs approximately 2,500,000 pounds.
12 Annual Report of the Public Printer

A daily average of 410 proofreaders, working in pairs, read

1,104,192 galley proofs of printed matter, including patent specifications and the Congressional Record, during the year, a decrease of

128,669 from the number of galleys read in 1932,

WORK or THE PLATEMAKING DIVISION

The Platemaking Division produced 4,797,486 square inches of

stereotype plates, 3,578,867 square inches of electrotype plates, 925,914

square inches of unplated matrices and 640,033 square inches of wood

and metal blocking, making a total of 9,942,300 square inches in 1933

;

a decrease of 1,224,568 compared with 1932.

Stored in the vaults of the Platemaking Division are 2,975,621

electrotype and stereotype plates, and 500,000 stereotype matrices,

which are held subject to future orders for reprints.

In a special vault are 201,915 plates for volumes 1 to 256, inclusive,

of the United States Supreme Court Reports which were purchased

from the original publishers with a special appropriation of $50,000

by Congress in 1930. The Government Printing Office began printing Supreme Court Reports with volume 257 in 1922, and is now able

to reprint the entire series whenever there is sufficient demand for

additional copies for sale or official use. The Photo-engraving Section, which the present Public Printer

installed in 1922, produced 612,139 square inches of half-tones, line

cuts, and combinations during the fiscal year 1933. A total of 58,192

line cuts were made for the weekly issues of the Patent Gazette. The

Photo-engraving Section also made 6,262 negatives for offset plates.

PRODUCTION OF THE PRESSWORK DIVISION

The Presswork Division produced a total of 656,466,876 actual

impressions in the fiscal year 1933, an increase of 47,988,523. The

chargeable impressions for the year totaled 1,985,697,739, a decrease

of 204,811,382 owing to less number of copies per actual impression

in 1933. During the year, 161,192 forms were put to press, a decrease

of 16,156. Press-running time totaled 210,747 hours, as compared

with 230,555 hours in 1932. These figures do not include the output

of the postal-card and money-order presses, nor the 4 presses in the

Library of Congress branch.

The total number of printing presses in the Government Printing

Office is 192, made up of 24 rotary web, 114 cylinder, 8 automatic

rotary sheet feed, 10 automatic envelop, 2 embossing, 4 offset, 16

tabulating card, 2 fanfold, and 12 platen.

Bindery operations uniformly decreased during the fiscal year 1933

in company with the reduced volume of printing. The Bindery Divi-
Annual Report of the Public Printer 13

sion had a daily average of 65 fewer employees on its rolls and 77

less on June 30, when the total was 968. The principal bindery work in the fiscal year 1933, as compared

with 1932, was as follows: Sheets folded, 336,092,301, decrease of

74,465,396; signatures gathered, 130,325,878, decrease of 34,637,945;

signatures sewed, 43,394,325, decrease of 9,258,359; copies wirestitched, 39,505,927, decrease of 11,040,972; copies paper-covered,

8,860,923, decrease of 4,247,752 ; copies trimmed, 40,499,587, decrease

of 26,368,286; books cased in, 1,240,900, decrease of 7,325; sheets machine-ruled, 26,235,643, decrease of 13,052,975; copies punched and

drilled, 133,255,943, decrease of 44,688,912; tablets made, 3,182,726,

decrease of 589,701 ; books rebound, 99,287, decrease of 417.

COST OF CONGRESSIONAL PRINTING

Congressional printing during the fiscal year 1933 was most unusual

in that it included two entire sessions of Congress and part of a third

session. There was also a reorganization of both the legislative and

administrative branches of the Government.

The three sessions of Congress during the fiscal year beginning

July 1, 1932, covered 206 calendar days as follows: Seventy-second

Congress, first session, 16 days, July 1-16, 1932 ; Seventy-second Congress, second session, 90 days, December 5, 1932-March 4, 1933 ; Seventy-third Congress, first session, 100 days, March 9-June 16, 1933.

The first session of the Seventy-second Congress also covered 207

calendar days in the fiscal year 1932.

Thus, for 413 days in the last 2 fiscal years, 1932 and 1933, Congress

has required the Government Printing Office to be ready at all times

to execute its orders for printing and binding, including the publication of the daily Congressional Eecord.

DECREASE COMPARED WITH PRECEDING TEAR

Although Congress was in session in the fiscal year 1933 almost the same length of time as in the fiscal year 1932, the total charges of

$2,700,000 for its printing in 1933 were $300,000 less than in 1932.

The charges for 1933 also included $199,784.53 for work done in 1932

in excess of the funds available therefor.

Due to the extra work required for the special session of the

Seventy-third Congress from March 9 to June 16, 1933, it was neces- sary to carry over into the fiscal year beginning July 1, charges for

congressional printing and binding amounting to $295,473.44.

If the second session of the Seventy-third Congress requires the

usual amount of printing and binding, the appropriation of $2,300,000

for congressional work during the fiscal year 1934 will not be adequate
14 Annual Report of the Public Printer

especially as $1,000,000 of this sum is to be derived from the

15-percent reduction of employees' compensation under the Economy

Act, and is thus subject to change by the President.

The cost of printing and binding the Congressional Record in the

fiscal year 1933 amounted to $803,236.59, an increase of $108,774.51 over the preceding year. The 1933 cost included the bound edition

and part of the daily for the first session of the Seventy-second Congress, the daily and part of the bound for the second session of the

Seventy-second Congress, and the daily for the first session of the

Seventy-third Congress.

Daily copies of the Record printed in the fiscal year 1933 totaled

6,700,071, an increase of 2,037,916. The number of bound volumes

totaled 72,900, an increase of 34,020, due to binding for two sessions

in one fiscal year.COST OF THE RECORD FOR 7 2D CONGRESS

The daily and bound editions of the Record for the 2 sessions of the

Seventy-second Congress cost $1,257,936.95, a decrease of $324,879.29

from the charges for the 3 sessions of the Seventy-first Congress.

The daily Record for the first session of the Seventy-second Congress totaled 16,428 pages, with an average of 93 pages for the 178

issues; and for the second session, 5,914 pages, with an average of 79

for the 75 issues. The bound set for the first session of the Seventysecond Congress consists of 15 volumes, and for the second session

6 volumes.

The daily and bound Record for the first session of the Seventythird Congress cost $292,452.83. The daily Record for this session

totaled 6,541 pages, with an average of 83 for the 79 issues. The

largest daily Record for the session contained 192 pages, and the

daily average for the last 8 days of the session was 127 pages.

SPEED IN PRINTING THE DAILY RECORD

Notwithstanding unusual delays in furnishing copy, the Records

for the last session were off press before 8 o'clock every morning

except four. If copy were available, the Record could be set and

proofread at the rate of 30 pages an hour with the normal number

of machines and employees assigned to that work.

The permanent Record for the first session of the Seventy-third

Congress, which is a complete remake-up and repaging of the daily

issues to consolidate the appendixes in proper order with the proceedings, consists of 7 volumes, of which 4,825 sets were printed

and bound with complete session index and history of bills. The

final jproof of the index was returned to the Government Printing
Anmial Report of the Piihlic Printer 15

Office on October 1 and delivery of bound sets to the Capitol completed on December 13, 1933.

An average of 35,000 copies of each issue of the daily Record is printed for free distribution by Members of Congress, 59 being

allotted to each Representative and 87 to each Senator.

Receipts from the sales of the Congressional Record during the

fiscal year 1933 amounted to $9,000.30, including 339 subscribers for

the 3 months of the first session of the Seventy-third Congress.

The subscription price of the daily Record as fixed by law has been

$4 for each " short " session and $8 for each " long " session, or $1.50

per month. With the change in the annual convening of Congress the

length of a session will be uncertain, and none can be designated as short or " long." Therefore, until Congress may otherwise direct,

the Public Printer has decided to charge subscriptions for the daily

Record on a monthly basis at the rate of $1.50 per month, as fixed by

law, which is approximately the actual cost. PRIXTIXG PAID FOR BY THE MEMBERS

Senators and Representatives paid the Public Printer a total of

$40,445.99 in 1933 for printing in pamphlet form 11,880,482 copies

of their speeches which previously had been published in the Congressional Record. The 1933 receipts were $7,121.74 less than Members paid the preceding year for 1,730,768 fewer copies. The orders

covered 1,170 different speech pamphlets.

In addition, Members of Congress paid the Public Printer

$12,802.15 for extra copies of congressional documents, reports, and

bills ordered by them in the fiscal year 1933.

During the last 20 years 1914^33, private orders paid for by Senators and Members have amounted to $1,710,848.62.

STATE]MEXT ABOUT PRINTING SPEECHES

The following statement in regard to the cost of printing speeches

for Members of Congress was submitted to Hon. Raymond J. Cannon

of Wisconsin by the Public Printer under date of May 22, 1933

You are reported in the Congressional Record of Friday, May 19, as having

made the following statement in regard to the printing of speeches for Members

of Congress by the Government Printing Office

" May I say that the Printing Office has advised me that they are losing money

daily on these speeches, and that they are not receiving the actual cost of printing these speeches."

I have been unable to locate any employee of the Government Printing Office who will admit having advised you that this Office is losing money in the printing of speeches for Members of Congress. The fact is, the Government Printing

Office charges every Member of Congress the actual cost of printing extracts 21674—34 2
16 Annual Report of the Public Printer

from the Congressional Record, as required by law (title 44, see. 185, U.S. Code),

and does not lose money on speeches printed for Members of Congress. Therefore, I respectfully request that you inform me as to the source of your erroneous

information, which was unjust both to this OflSice and to Members of Congress.

I also note in your remarks of May 19 the statement that a Member of the House a very short time ago sent out 200,000 copies of a speech printed at the Government Printing OflBce at a cost of $11.30 for the first thousand and $2.30 for every additional thousand and that " a reputable union printer " in Washington had submitted an estimate to you that he could print the same speech without any profit for $40 for the first thousand and $10 for the balance. A careful examination of the records of this OflSce shows that one order for 200,000 copies of a Member's speech has been printed since July 1, 1932. That

speech consisted of one page, Record size, for which $5.70 was charged for the

first thousand and $1.38 for the additional thousands, which was based upon actual

cost exclusive of composition. Even if composition had been included, the charge

for the first thousand copies would have been only $13.92. COMPAEISON WITH COMMEECIAL CHAEGES

The nearest charge to that quoted by you would be $11.14 for the first thousand copies of an 8-page document speech and $2.31 for additional thousand. Including composition, the charge for the first thousand copies of this speech would have been $33.07. It is inconceivable in either instance that a

reputable printer would charge $10 as his added thousand rate if his price of $40 for the first thousand included the full composition charge. The Govern- ment Printing Office charge for the first thousand does not, of course, include composition, as the type for the reprinting of speeches is almost invariably

picked up from the Congressional Record. However, if new composition is required in the reprinting of speeches, the full cost thereof is properly charged

to the Member.

I am therefore pleased to advise you that the Government Printing Office is not losing money in the printing of congressional speeches and in every instance charges the actual cost thereof to the Member, who pays the bills with his own

funds. In the fiscal year 1932, Members of Congress paid the Public Printer

$47,567.73 for the cost of printing their speeches. In the fiscal year 1931 the amount so paid totaled $61,257.91. These payments fully reimbursed the Gov- ernment for the cost of the printing of speeches for Members of Congress as provided by law. In this connection I also respectfully invite your attention to the following statement in my letter to you under date of April 18, 1933:

" No profit whatever is derived by Government Printing Office in reprinting

speeches appearing in the Record. The work is done at actual cost. The prices

compare favorably with commercial charges."

FRANKED ENVELOPS FOR CONGRESSMEN

Franked envelops furnished free to Senators and Members for

mailing extracts from the Congressional Record totaled 11,185,615

and cost $27,264.55 in the fiscal year 1933, a decrease of 2,354,335 in

number and $5,711.40 in cost. The total charges for franked envelops

and document slips for congressional use during the year were

$40,336.72, a decrease of $13,182.04.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 17

Bills, resolutions, and amendments printed for the sessions of Congress in the fiscal year 1933 totaled 8,800,968 copies and consisted of

122,655 type pages, a decrease of 1,411,707 copies and an increase of

23,515 type pages as compared with the fiscal year 1932. The cost in

1933 was $396,261.44, a decrease of $138,537.74. BILLS PRINTED FOR PRESENT CONGRESS

In the first session of the Seventy-third Congress, 8,685 bills and

resolutions were introduced and printed, 6,558 being for the House

and 2,127 for the Senate. The Clerk of the House anticipated its flood of bills by having 1,487 printed in advance of the opening day

when 1,434 additional bills were introduced in Congress and ordered

printed. During the session there were 10,688 prints of bills in various

stages of legislation.

The second session of the Seventy-second Congress, which was also

held in the fiscal year 1933, had printed a total of 2,938 bills and reso- lutions notwithstanding it was the last " lame-duck " session of Congress. In the first session, 19,329 bills were introduced and printed,

bringing the total for the Seventy-second Congress up to 22,267.

Printing for committees of Congress, including hearings, calendars

of pending legislation, reports, and stationery, cost $552,265.40 in the

fiscal year 1933, a decrease of $14,630.12. The cost for Senate committees was $289,122.58 and for the House committees, $263,142.82.

Committee hearings printed in the fiscal year 1933 cost $378,467.53

for 288,041 copies, with 87,858 type pages, an increase of $94,516.86 in

cost, 151,520 in copies, and 42,548 in pages.

PRINTING OP COMMITTEE HEARINGS

For the second session of the Seventy-second Congress, 133 separate

hearings were printed, and for the first session of the Seventy-third

Congress the hearings numbered 67. The latter included extensive

proceedings relating to the national recovery legislation, banking,

stock exchanges, airships, and the 30-hour week, some of which are continuing with additional printed hearings.

Hearings at the second session of the Seventy-second Congress on

appropriation bills for the fiscal year 1934 totaled 8,906 pages, a

decrease of 4,473 from the number of pages for the preceding year. Committee reports printed in 1933 cost $66,493, a decrease of

$11,494.91. There were 781 reports printed for the second session of

the Seventy-second Congress and 416 for the first session of the

Seventy-third Congress.

Publications for Congress, exclusive of the Eecord and bills,

totaled 4,863,089 copies, an increase of 1,000,353 for the fiscal year 1933.
18 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Charges for congressional publications printed during the year

totaled $1,204,707.31, a decrease of $283,891.87 notwithstanding the

large increase of copies. However, the reduction in these charges was

due to exceeding the congressional printing allotment for 1933, which

necessitated carrying over into the fiscal year 1934 charges amounting

to $295,473.44, as heretofore noted.

Included in the publications for Congress, besides committee hearings and reports, were documents printed for distribution by Members

through the Capitol folding rooms, which in 1933 cost $479,831.41, a decrease of $105,944.99 ; Senate and House documents costing $130,-

828.42, a decrease of $140,889.54; and publications for international

exchanges costing $13,601.38, a decrease of $205.37. Senate and House

documents for the first and second sessions of the Seventy-second

Congress numbered 800, and for the first session of the Seventy-third

Congress, 189. SAVINGS BY HOUSE PRINTING COMMITTEE

The House Committee on Printing is continuing to effect a considerable saving in the printing of War Department reports on river

and harbor improvements, which, under the direction of Chairman

Lambeth, are being carefully examined with a view to eliminating

all unnecessary bulk and such charts and maps as are not deemed

essential.

As the result of a saving of $107,000 by the House Committee on

Printing, which was mentioned in the Public Printer's Report last year, the House Committee on Appropriations inserted in the War

Department Appropriation Act, approved March 4, 1933, a provision

for the printing of only such reports on river and harbor surveys as may be authorized by the House Committee on Printing. That committee is now supervising the printing of all river and harbor survey

reports and requiring that the cost shall be charged to the War Department, thereby effecting a worth-while saving in printing which

had heretofore been charged to Congress.

PRINTING OF INVESTIGATION REPORTS

Several other large charges against congressional printing funds

appear to be nearing an end. The reports of the Federal Trade Commission on its investigation of electric-power and gas utility companies in compliance with a Senate resolution of May 3, 1928, which

are being printed as Senate Document No. 92, Seventieth Congress^

have cost to date $250,924.52 for 59 volumes containing 36,770 pages.

Six volumes are now in the course of printing.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 19

Investigation of the cottonseed industry, which the Federal Trade

Commission has been conducting since 1930 in compliance with

another Senate resolution, has been printed as Senate Document No.

209, Seventy-first Congress. The thirteenth volume was completed

August 2, 1933, bringing the total number of pages up to 16,032, and

the printing charge to $85,147.56.

EXECUTIVE JOUEXALS OF THE SENATE

The Executive Journals of the Senate for the Fifty-seventh to the

Seventy-second Congresses are in course of printing under authority

of a Senate resolution of February 28, 1931. Ten volumes have been

printed and delivered. Type has been set and proofs submitted for

23 additional volumes. Four other volumes are in course of printing,

and copy is to be furnished for 2 more, making 39 in all. Five hundred copies of each volume are to be printed and bound in buckram

for the exclusive use of the Senate until released by its order.

Charges for the volumes already delivered amount to $45,622.11.

The cost of printing and binding the 39 volumes of the Senate Executive Journals will amount to $155,000, it is estimated.

By order of the Senate the report of the United States Tariff Commission entitled " Economic Anah^sis of the Foreign Trade of the

United States with Special Eelation to the Tariff" was printed in

record time for the special use of the American delegation to the

London Economic Conference. The document was in three parts,

making a total of 740 pages, principally tabular matter. The edition

of 1,961 copies cost $36,199.10.

PROMPTNESS PLEASED TAROT COMMISSION

In recognition of the effort of the Government Printing Office to expedite the printing of this document for " urgent high official use

the United States Tariff Commission directed its Secretary, Maj.

Sidney Morgan, to write the following letter to the Public Printer on June 3, 1933

The special effort made by your force to finish the printing of our reply to Senate Resolution 325 (S.Doc. 180) entitled "Economic Analysis of the Foreign

Trade of the United States with Special Relation to the Tariff" in time for urgent high official use, was successful under what we realize were great

technical difficulties. As the result of willing and expert assistance from jour force it was possible for us to supply the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secre- tary of Commerce, the Assistant Secretary of State, the Assistant Secretary

of Agriculture, and others personally and at a very opportune time in advance,

with copies of this valuable information. We were also enabled, by your very
20 Annual Report of the Public Printer

special cooperation, to supply personally to the members of the American dele- gation to the London Economic Conference this useful compilation in printed

form 4 days before they sailed for London.

This Commission and others high in the interested departments wish to ex- press very real appreciation for your active and intelligent part in making this information promptly available in convenient and excellent form. Will you not

further oblige us by conveying some expression of this appreciation to workers

of all ranks who made success possible?

PUBLICATION HELPFUL TO FOEEST SERVICE

Another Senate document entitled "A National Plan for American

Forestry " received high praise from the Chief of the Forest Service,

the late K. Y. Stuart. This publication is in two parts, making a

total of 1,692 pages, of which 7,935 copies were printed at a cost of

$14,295.45. Writing to the Public Printer under date of May 6, 1933,

Mr. Stuart said

The Forest Service has naturally been deeply interested in every detail of the production of the recently published Senate Document 12, "A National Plan for American Forestry ", which originated in this Bureau. This was an unusual

publication in many ways, amounting to more than 1,600 printed pages and

because of the very general interest in its subject matter just at this time,

urgently desired at the earliest possible moment. The intelligent care and unusual speed with which the printing of these volumes was accomplished have delighted us. One expects much from so out- standing an organization as the Government Printing Office, but in this case our

expectations notably fell short of the actual performance. I would like personally to express my appreciation of all that you and those associated with you have done to produce this report in record time and in such very attractive form. COST or MEMORIAL VOLUMES REDUCED

Memorial proceedings and eulogies in honor of 18 deceased Members of Congress, which were printed and appropriately bound during

the fiscal year 1933, cost $36,038.09 for 95,742 copies.

By direction of the Joint Committee on Printing, on March 18,

1933, the type set for printing eulogies in the Congressional Record

is used again for the memorial volumes. This economy in composition, together with the committee's reduction in number of copies

printed for congressional distribution, effected a saving of approximately $15,000 in the cost of memorial volumes of the Seventy-second

Congress.

Supplement VI of the United States Code containing the laws of

the Sixty-ninth, Seventieth, Seventy-first, and first session of the

Seventy-second Congresses, with ancillaries and index, was delivered on January 18, 1933, there being 10,466 copies printed and bound as provided by law at a cost of $18,336.91.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 21

Supplement VII, which will supersede all the preceding supplements of the Code and include the laws of the first session of the

Seventy-third Congress, is now in course of printing.

Printing of the first supplement of the 1929 edition of the Code of

the District of Columbia was completed in the latter part of December

1933.

PROGRESS OF THE WASHINGTON EDITION

Progress is being made in printing the definitive edition of the

Writings of George Washington from the original manuscript sources

as prepared under the direction of the United States George Washington Bicentennial Commission and published by authority of Congress. To date, nine volumes, including the Writings from 1745 to November 1777, have been printed and delivered. Four additional

volumes, bringing the Writings up to December 1, 1778, are in process

of printing. The set will conclude with the Writings for the year

1799 and will probably consist of 25 volumes of 550 pages each.

Congress authorized the printing of 3,000 sets of the Washington

Writings, of which 2,000 sets are to be offered for sale and 1,000

reserved by the Commission for distribution to designated Government officials, including 1 set for each Member of Congress eligible

therefor up to December 31, 1935. The official distribution is being

made as the volumes are printed.

Of the 2,000 sets provided for sale, only 199 have been sold to

libraries and institutions and societies of learning at the special price

of $50 per set, as authorized by Congress if ordered before July 1, 1932. No sales have been made to the public, as the Bicentennial

Commission has not fixed the public sales price which Congress has

required shall include the cost of preparing the manuscript not yet

completed. The cost of printing the Washington Writings to date is approximately $75,350, which has been paid for by the Bicentennial

Commission.

BINDING RARE PAPERS FOR THE SENATE

Numerous rare historic papers and documents of the First Congress

which were hidden for more than a century in the files of the Senate

are now being restored by skilled bookbinders of the Government

Printing Office and made available to public view. Under the direction of Col. Edwin A. Halsey, Secretary of the Senate, Mr. James D.

Preston, its librarian, has assembled and arranged the original

records of the beginning of the Government for preservation in suit- able display cases at the Capitol. Among the treasures thus far
22 Annual Report of the Public Printer

unearthed from their crowded and dingy cubbyholes is President

Washington's first inaugural address in his own handwriting. It has

been bound in appropriate and permanent form with the most enduring materials. The original manuscript of President Monroe's message to Congress announcing his famous American Doctrine, was

preserved in similar manner several years ago. HISTORIC INAUGUKAL MANUSCRIPTS PRESERVED

By a most interesting coincidence, about the same time that Washington's manuscript of his first inaugural address was being bound

at the Government Printing Office, the White House intrusted to the

Public Printer the original manuscript and typewritten copy of

President Franklin D. Roosevelt's inaugural address, which likewise

have been mounted on permanent paper and artistically bound in full morocco. Among the other Senate records that have recently been similarly

preserved by skillful repair and restoration are the electoral certificates of the first Presidential election and the mileage certificates for the Members of the First Congress. One appropriately bound

book contains President Washington's messages to the First Congress.

In another have been preserved the resolutions of the several State

legislatures ratifying the first 10 amendments (the Bill of Rights)

of the Federal Constitution.

In the Senate collection of historical papers are also to be preserved,

by the skill of Government bookbinders, various printed bills and

joint resolutions which created the Department of the Treasury, the

Department of War, the Department of Foreign Affairs, afterward

renamed the Department of State, and other records of similar importance. This work is now well under way, and part of it is being

done by the Government Printing Office branch bindery in the Senate

Library.

APPRECIATION FROM SECRETARY OF SENATE

In appreciation of the binding of Washington's manuscript of his

first inaugural address, the Secretary of the Senate, Colonel Halsey,

addressed the following letter to the Public Printer under date of

July 10, 1933

You were so very kind to bind the original documents of George Washington

so beautifully, and I want to take this opportunity to express sincere thanks on

behalf of the Senate and myself.

The documents bound in this way will be preserved for many generations and

I know will be greatly appreciated by all.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 23

The branch bindery in the Library of Congress has bound in morocco Washington's Manuscript Diary in nine volumes and the fol- lowing Presidential papers : Jefferson's in 239 volumes, Madison's in

91 volumes, William Henry Harrison's in 8 volumes, Tyler's in 1 volume, and Cleveland's in 98 volumes. AVork is still in progress on

the Madison papers.

WORK DONE FOR DEPARTMENTS

Printing, binding, blank paper, and printing supplies charged to the various executive departments and establishments of the Government in the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $9,270,032.30, a decrease

of $872,053.81 from similar charges in the preceding fiscal year. The 1933 charges included $3,516,953.55 for printing, binding, and

blank paper ordered in previous years and furnished in 1933 ; $2,121,-

943.18 for orders exempt from the Economy Act limitation; and

$3,631,135.57 for orders placed under Economy Act allotments and

completed in 1933.

Additional departmental obligations under the Economy Act limitations for work not completed in the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $1,031,886.26, bringing the total obligations in 1933 up to $4,663,-

021.83, which were within the Economy Act limitations of $5,500,000

for departmental printing and binding and $400,000 for departmental blank paper.

PRINTING FOR POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT

Next to Congress, the Post Office Department was the best patron

of the Government Printing Office in the fiscal year 1933, with a

total expenditure for printing, binding, and blank paper of $1,607,-

460.80, a decrease of $76,903.29 from the charges for the preceding

year. The largest item of postal printing in 1933 was, as usual, postal

cards, of which 1,290,044,000 were charged, a decrease of 76,105,000.

The charges for postal cards in the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $619,143.60, a decrease of $83,141.40.

The demand for postal cards increased to 13,309,400 more for the

first 5 months of the fiscal year 1933 than for the corresponding 5 months of the preceding year, the total output from July 1 to December 1, 1933, being 582,322,480 cards.

Post Office money orders printed in the fiscal year 1933 totaled

169,041,235, which were made up into 846,666 books for distribution

direct to 50,000 post offices throughout the United States. The year's

output of money orders decreased 16,435,215, which were collated in
24 Annual Report of the Public Printer

82,328 fewer books than in the fiscal year 1932. Charges for moneyorder printing in 1933 amounted to $136,127.58, a decrease of

$14,210.66.

In view of a material saving in operating expense and reduced

paper costs, the Public Printer notified the Postmaster General on May 19, 1933, of a reduction of approximately $225,000 in the yearly

charges for postal cards and money orders, effective June 1. Postmaster General Farley, in accepting the reduced prices for postal

cards and money orders, replied to the Public Printer

The Department is appreciative of your action, which will involve a consid- erable saving.

MONEY ORDERS GOOD BUSINESS GAGE

The demand for money orders has always been deemed a reliable

gage of business conditions. For the first time in 9 years it was

necessary recently to employ an extra press force at night to assist in

supplying the urgent demands for larger quantities of money orders.

Since July 1, 1933, there has been a steady increase of requisitions

for money orders for all parts of the United States. During the

5 months to December 1, 1933, the requirements for money orders

increased 20,554,000 over the number printed in the corresponding 5 months of 1932 and more than offset the decrease for the entire

fiscal year ended June 30, 1933. The total number of money orders

printed in the 5 months beginning July 1 was 92,585,800.

Publications for the Post Office Department totaled 1,796,289 copies, a decrease of 96,845 for the year. POSTAL GUIDE AND ITS SUPPLEMENTS

The principal publication printed for the Post Office Department

is the Postal Guide and its monthly supplements. Of the 1933 Guide,

93,063 copies were printed, of which 27,724 were bound in cloth, at a

total cost of $65,261.38. The Superintendent of Documents has sold

11,097 copies of the 1933 Guide and 7,672 sets of the monthly supplements, the receipts from which up to December 13, 1933, totaled

$20,481.50. In addition, the Post Office Department had printed for

official use 15,500 copies of an abridged edition of the 1933 Postal

Guide and 8,134 copies of its State lists. Other printing for the Postal Service included the annual supply

of 200,700,000 copies of money-order application blanks, which are made up in pads of 500 each by an automatic binding machine;

125,303,000 copies of registered, insured, and c.o.d. notices ; 25,862,000

return-receipt cards; 27,350,000 undeliverable publication notices;

and 15,000,000 change-of-address orders.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 25

COMMERCE AND CEXSUS PUBLICATIONS

The Department of Commerce, exclusive of the Patent Office, spent

$1,357,038.62 for printing, binding, and blank paper procured of the

Government Printing Office in the fiscal year 1933, an increase over

1932 of $187,652.07, which was the largest and one of the few increases

of work for executive departments during the year. The number of publications printed for the Department of Commerce showed a decided decrease, with 3,107,733 fewer copies than in

1932. The total number of copies for 1933 was 3,856,019 as compared

with 6,963,752 in 1932.

The larger part of the printing for the Department of Commerce

in 1933 was ordered by the Bureau of the Census, for which 65,000

pages of reports and schedules were produced at a cost of $731,505.88.

Charges for all the other bureaus in the Department of Commerce

amounted to $625,532.74.

The total charges for printing and binding for the Fifteenth

Census (1930) in the fiscal years 1930 to 1933, inclusive, amounted to

$2,997,261.62. The final reports of the Fifteenth Census contained

approximately 33,000 printed pages in 32 volumes.

PATENT SPECIFICATIONS AND GAZETTE

Patent Office printing, including the text of specifications and the

cuts and text of the weekly Gazette, for the fiscal year 1933, cost $1,311,097.69.

Charges for printing the text of specifications for patents, trade

marks, and designs issued in the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $1,036,-

658.07, a decrease of $105,593.69, which complied with the proposal

in the Public Printer's Keport for 1932 of a $100,000 reduction in

the 1933 charges for printing specifications if the Patent Office would

effect certain economies in copy preparation and editing.

A total of 66,573 patents, trade marks, and designs were printed

in 1933, a decrease of 2,552. Type pages numbered 192,997, a de- crease of 882. The number of copies totaled 6,488,380, a decrease of

217,648. The weekly average of patent issues was 977 as compared

with 1,010 per week during the preceding year. For the weekly Gazette, the printing and binding charges in the

fiscal year 1933 amounted to $259,699.83, which included $26,841.65

for an extra month that could not be charged in 1932 on account of

lack of funds. Otherwise, the charges would have been substantially

the same as in 1932. The Gazette charges in 1933 were based on

18,527 pages and 259,522 copies, as compared with 14,789 pages and

264,448 copies in 1932, an increase of 3,738 pages and a decrease of

4,926 copies.
26 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The cost of the Patent Gazette in 1933 also included $47,063.37,

which was charged to the Superintendent of Documents for sales copies. The sale of the Patent Gazette was taken over by the Government Printing Office in March 1927, since which time the Patent

Office has been relieved of charges for sales copies. The receipt from

sales by the Superintendent of Documents in the fiscal year 1933

amounted to $62,450.60, including $5,763.40 for copies of the indexes.

ECONOMIES IN PATENT PRINTING

A notable economy in the present and future cost of printing pat- ent specifications and the weekly Gazette has been effected by the

Public Printer in cooperation with Secretary of Commerce Roper

and the Joint Committee on Printing and will reduce the charges

therefor in the fiscal year 1934 to approximately $500,000 less than in

the fiscal year 1932. The reduced charges did not become effective

until August 1, 1933, which will proportionately decrease the proposed saving for the remainder of the fiscal year. Nevertheless, it

is believed the total charges will come within the $900,000 appropriation for patent printing in the fiscal year 1934.

The saving of half a million dollars annually has been effected by

the' adoption of a new style and size of type for printing specifications which reduces the number of pages required for the same amount of matter approximately 16 percent. The saving is further

increased by reusing the type set for specifications in printing the

weekly Gazette which heretofore had to be entirely reset in a differ- ent sized type. Other typographic changes, such as using the same

headings in both the specifications and the Gazette, have added to the

substantial economies which ended double typesetting and proofreading formerly required by all new composition for the Gazette. PROPOSAL SUBMPri'ED BY PUBLIC PRINTER

In proposing the more economical methods of printing patent

specifications and the Gazette the Public Printer submitted the fol- lowing statement under date of May 18, 1933, to the Joint Committee

on Printing, which by law has jurisdiction over all printing for the

Patent Office (U.S.C., title 44, sec. 284; act of Jan. 12, 1895) : Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of May 9, soliciting the Public Printer's cooperation with the Department of Commerce in effecting economies for the

printing of patent specifications and the Official Gazette of the Patent Office as suggested in your accompanying communication of May 3 to the Secretary of Commerce.

In compliance with your request, I have submit|;ed to the Division of Publications, Department of Commerce, copies of the enclosed sample pages of patent

specifications and the Gazette, showing economies in printing that have been

propoi^ed by this Office.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 27

If these suggestions are adopted and the Patent Office continues to improve

the quality of its copy as it has done during the past year under urge by the Public Printer, the charges to the Patent Office for the printing by this Office of an equivalent quantity of patent specifications and the Gazette during the fiscal year 1934 can be reduced $506,955, as compared with the charges for the fiscal year 1932. This reduction includes 8100,000 for the decrease in charges made

effective for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1933. The total charges to the Patent Office for printing patent specifications and the Gazette during the fiscal year 1932 amounted to $1,348,257. If the economies

proposed by this Office are adopted, it is estimated that the charges for an equal

amount of printing in the fiscal year 1934 ^^11 be $841,302, or $506,955 less than

the charges for the fiscal year 1932 and well within the $900,000 appropriation

for 1934.

It is believed that the quantity of patent printing in the fiscal year 1934 will

at least equal that for 1932, as the amount of type set for patent work during

the 10 months of the present fiscal year (1933) is only 2% percent less than for the corresponding 10 months of the fiscal year 1932. EC0^-0MY TX THE CHAX'GE OF TYPE The principal economy proposed is the changing and reduction in size of the type used for the printing of patent specifications, for which 10-point roman, set

solid, is now used. It is suggested that 7iA-point Ionic type on 9-point body, as used in the Congressional Record, be adopted for patent specifications. This

would increase the amount of matter printed on each page by 21 percent and con- sequently reduce the total pages of specifications printed per year by approximately 16 percent. The change of type would effect a saving of $406,919 for the same amount of composition required in the printing of patent specifications

during the fiscal year 1932. The new type, although actually smaller in size, would, it is believed, increase the legibility of the printed specifications due to the letters being more open and

thereby more easily read than the old-style type. This improvement has been

clearly demonstrated in the case of the Congressional Record. SAVING IN COMPOSITION FOE GAZETTE Another economy essential to the proposed saving would be the adoption of the same sized type for the printing of the Official Gazette, which is now reset

in 6-point roman, leaded. By using the same sized tjT>e for both the specifica- tions and the Gazette, the claim and the heading to be reproduced in the Gazette

could be picked up and reprinted without the present additional expense of resetting in another size and style of type. Although somewhat larger and more readable, the T^/^-point type solid and

the new heading type would increase the bulk of the Gazette about 7 percent, but the saving in composition charge by picking up all this type from the specifi- cations would more than offset the additional cost for extra presswork, binding,

and paper. In fact, the net saving in the Gazette would be $100,036, based on

the 1932 charges for an equal amount of printing. In addition to the foregoing proposed reductions in charges for patent printing based on the adoption of the suggested economies, consideration should also be given to the fact that the impounding of 15 percent of the wages of employees

engaged on this work will save the Government approximately $104,000 during

the next fiscal year, making the actual cost of patent printing in 1934 total approximately $610,000 less than the charges to the Patent Office in 1932, if an

equal amount of patent printing is to be done in 1934.
28 Annual Report of the Public Printer

If relieved of the impound of wage reductions under the Economy Act, the Government Printing Office could make an additional reduction of approximately

12 percent in its charges to the Patent Office for the next fiscal year. This

additional saving to tlie Government by the impounding of 15 percent of the wage charge ought to be taken into consideration in comparing the Government

Printing Office costs with prices proposed by any commercial printer.

I, therefore, urgently recommend that the Public Printer be autliorized and

directed to print patent specifications and the Official Gazette in the form and

style proposed by the accompanying samples, the change to become effective with

the first issues for the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933. BETTER EQUIPPED TO MEET EMERGENCIES

If the suggestions meet with your approval, it will be necessary to purchase

additional matrices of the new type face and other minor equipment for 62

linotype machines in the Patents Section at a cost of approximately $12,000.

Forty-eight other machines regularly used for Congressional Record composition

are already equipped with similar matrices and would be available for whatever patent work could not be handled by the section established for that purpose. Thus, the Government Printing Office would be equipped to meet

almost any emergency or abnormal requirement of the Patent Office, such as has heretofore happened when nearly a hundred linotype machines were used

to complete the printing of patent specifications and the Gazette within the required time. Assuring you that this Office is always ready and willing to cooperate to the

fullest extent in effecting economy and efficiency in the public printing and

binding, * * * A copy of the foregoing proposal was submitted by the Public

Printer to Secretary of Commerce Roper. The following approval was received from him under date of June 5, 1933

Careful consideration has been given to your suggestions in connection with

the printing of patent specifications and the Official Gazette of the Patent Office. The suggestion that the Printing Office use a size of type which will meet the needs of both the text of the specifications and the Official Gazette so that only

the removal of the leads from the specifications would be necessary in order to print the Gazette is excellent and this Department heartily approves of the use

of 7%-point Ionic type on 9-point body and appropriate instructions have been

issued to the Commissioner of Patents. This change may take effect as soon as your Office can make the arrangements

necessary therefor.BUDGET DIRECTOR GRATIFIED BY SAVINGS

The Director of the Bureau of the Budget was also advised of the

proposed economy in patent printing, and under date of May 23,

1933, the Public Printer received the following commendation from

Mr. F. W. Lowery, technical adviser for the Director

Mr. Douglas asks me to acknowledge receipt of your letter of May 19 enclosing copy of your letter same date to Secretary Roper, and copy your letter of May 18

to Chairman of Joint Committee on Printing, together with samples of Patent

Office printing.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 29

Mr. Douglas wishes me to express his gratification with your purpose to bring

about the great savings mentioned in your letters. The 7l^-point Ionic type really makes a better appearance than the old type, and is easier to read. The new type dress for patent specifications and the Gazette was

first used in the issues of August 1, 1933, it having been necessary to procure additional linotype matrices, molds, and other equipment before the approved changes could be put into effect. Since then the

economy has progressed with evident satisfaction.

During the 5 months from July 1 to December 1, 1933, of which 4 were at the reduced cost, the charges for patent printing amounted

to $383,731.79, as compared with $609,258.74 for the corresponding 5 months in the preceding fiscal year. During the same period in 1933,

the number of patents averaged 975 per week, with a total of 72,410

type pages, and in 1932 the weekly average was 1,114 pages with

90,649 type pages.

AGRICULTURE AND FARMERS' BULLETINS

Agriculture ranked third in departmental orders for printing and

binding during the fiscal year 1933 with a total expenditure of $786,-

531.71, a decrease of $296,236.34, which took the Department of Agriculture out of the million-dollar group of Government Printing Office customers. Publications printed for the Department of Agriculture in 1933

totaled 18,620,835 copies, a drop of 11,743,678 from the number

printed in the preceding fiscal year. Part of the decrease was in

Farmers' Bulletins, of which 2,634,830 fewer copies were printed in

1933, with a total of 9,585,482, at a cost of $124,985.17, or $48,889.81

less than in the preceding year. Farmers' Bulletins are printed largely for distribution by Members

of Congress, and in the fiscal year 1933 they sent to constituents

7,309,859 copies, as compared with 14,535,897 copies required for congressional distribution during the preceding year. CONGRESSIONAL ALLOTMENT OF BULLETINS

Due to reduced funds in the fiscal year 1933, the Department of

Agriculture allotted only 5,000 copies of Farmers' Bulletins to each

Member of Congress instead of 20,000 copies which formerly had been

annually allotted for a number of years. During the 5 months from July 1 to December 1, 1933, there were

distributed by the Superintendent of Documents for Members of Congress 1,672,148 copies of Farmers' Bulletins. The copies on hand

December 1 totaled 10,637,2*44, and 1,618,189 additional copies are in
30 Annual Report of the Public Printer

process of printing, so that there evidently will be an ample supply on hand for 1934.

Another Agriculture publication of great interest to Members of

Congress and their constituents is the Yearbook, of which 247,343

copies were printed in 1933, a decrease of 143,062, the quotas for Members of Congress having been reduced accordingly. The 1933 Yearbook contained 787 pages, as compared with 975 in the 1932 book, and

200 fewer illustrations. The cost for the 1933 book was $112,642.76,

as compared with $225,191.34 for 1932, a decrease of $112,548.58.

This reduction effects a saving which the Public Printer proposed

to the chairman of the Economy Committee of the House of Eepresentatives under date of March 8, 1932, when he suggested that an economy of approximately $100,000 annually could be made by reducing the size of the Agriculture Yearbook.

AGRICULTTJEE YEARBOOK COST REDUCED

The cost of producing the Agriculture Yearbook has been materially decreased by the use of 32-page signatures, reducing the folding,

gathering and sewing formerly required by smaller signatures. The

economy was made possible with the installation of new presses constructed to print and fold 32-page signatures.

Notwithstanding the widespread free distribution of Agriculture

Yearbooks, the Superintendent of Documents in 1933 sold 1,050

copies of various issues, including 648 of the 1932 Yearbook and 167

of the 1933 edition. The sales receipts totaled $1,132.45.

Soil surveys are another activity of the Department of Agriculture

in which Members of Congress are especially interested through the

distribution of printed reports of surveys in their respective districts

and States. The distribution of these reports on orders of Members

of Congress is now handled by the Superintendent of Documents at the Government Printing Office.. SOIL SURVEY REPORTS FOR CONGRESSMEN

In the fiscal year 1933, the soil surveys of 17 areas were printed, of

which 6,375 copies were allotted to Senators, 15,250 to Representatives, and 16,810 to the Department of Agriculture. Of this number,

22,646 were distributed during the year. Each report, with a large

map of the area surveyed, costs approximately $2,000 for the number

of copies printed.

Although the Treasury Department has its own Bureau of Engraving and Printing for the production of stamps, checks, paper money,

and Government securities, its relief printing is done at the Government Printing Office, which also made 20,689 electrotype plates for

the Bureau during the fiscal year 1933.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 31

Thanking the Public Printer for cooperation in furnishing workmen and a large number of plates for the use of the Treasury

Department during the banking emergency, Hon. Alvin W. Hall,

Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing, wrote on April

13, 1933

I intended to write you before this to express my thanks and appreciation for the hearty support and cooperation rendered by you during the recent banking

emergency. The splendid response of your office in detailing pressmen and bookbinders to

this Bureau contributed very largely to the solving of a very difficult production program. DECREASE OF INCOME-TAX BLANKS

Charges for Treasury Department printing and binding in 1933

amounted to $683,458, a decrease of $205,885.98.

Publications printed for the Treasury Department during the year

totaled 2,495,229 copies, a decrease of 206,281. Income-tax blanks were printed to the number of 47,010,000, a decrease of 835,000.

The War Department obtained printing and binding of the Government Printing Office in 1933 amounting to $596,405.60, a decrease

of $94,562.85. Publications for the War Department numbered

7,489,290 copies, a decrease of 2,993,495.

Charges for the Navy Department totaled $685,165.59, an increase

of $2,016.03. Navy Department publications totaled 4,668,616 copies,

a decrease of 1,133,507.

Other departmental expenditures for printing and binding during the fiscal year 1933 were: Interior, $438,774.47, an increase of

$72,290.37; Justice, $229,468.27, a decrease of $113,893.84; Labor,

$215,172.33, a decrease of $69,832.30 ; State, $182,931.49, a decrease of

$19,657.79.

PUBLICATIONS FOR THE DEPARTMENTS

The Department of the Interior printed a total of 1,932,048 copies

of its publications in 1933, a decrease of 167,308. The output for

other departments was as follows: Labor, 1,533,638, a decrease of

961,044; Justice, 196,663, an increase of 40,640; State, 496,090, an

increase of 22,017 copies.

An attractive publication produced by offset printing for the

Department of the Interior during the year was an octavo volume

entitled " Hawaii and Its Race Problems." It contains 130 half-tones

printed on antique paper with the text. A special cover design printed

in two colors on appropriate cloth binding conforms to the charm of

the printing. The Department ordered 3,000 copies of the book, and

the Superintendent of Documents has sold 328 copies to date. State Department work for the fiscal year 1933 included the printing and binding of 164,078 passports. With the appointment of a 21674—34 3
32 Annual Report of the Publio Printer

new Secretary of State on March 4, it was necessary to supply a sufficient number of passports with his signature for immediate use. This was done to the satisfaction of the Department, as expressed by

the following letter which the Public Printer received from Assistant

Secretary of State Hon. Wilbur J. Carr, under date of March 8

I desire to express to you on behalf of the Department of State our very sin- cere appreciation of the action of the Government Printing Office in making

deliveries of the new passports on such short notice and under the pressure of work incidental to the last days of the Seventy-second Congress.

I should appreciate it very much indeed if you would also make known to Mr. Mitchell our appreciation of his successful efforts in our behalf. The pass- ports for the Department and the agencies were delivered in time to meet all our necessities and enable the issue of new passports to take place promptly on March 6. It was a very fine piece of work, and I congratulate you. APPRECIATIONS OF GOVERNMENT PRINTING

Among other expressions of appreciation of work done by the

Government Printing Office during the year the following letters are

especially gratifying as the views of well-known authorities on good

printing and efficient service

From Dr. George F. Bowerman, Librarian of the Washington

(D.C.) Public Library:

I wish to offer my thanks and congratulations on the good work of the Gov- ernment Printing Office in printing our leaflet "Art Exhibitions, 1933 and 1934." This is a piece of work of which I am proud and I trust you are proud. We

shall take great pleasure in distributing it to readers. We have already sent

copies to the prominent art magazines of the country.

From Mr. James E. West, Chief Scout Executive of the Boy

Scouts of America

I wish to take this occasion to express to you our warmest appreciation for the unusual cooperation extended to us by Mr. Mitchell and his staff. Indeed, the record of cooperation on the part of the Government Printing Office officials for many years past in our efforts has been most heartening. We are very

grateful.

EMPLOYEES AND WORK SINCE JULY 1 Computed charges for printing, binding, and blank paper furnished in the 5 months beginning July 1, 1933, amounted to $3,780,-

390.04, a decrease of $2,213,644.09, or 37 percent, compared with the

corresponding 5 months of the preceding fiscal year. A large part of this decrease was due to the greatly reduced quantity of uncompleted work carried over from the preceding fiscal year, the total on July 1, 1933, being $1,513,010.37 as compared with $3,275,-

187.17 of uncompleted work on hand July 1, 1933. In other words,

there was $1,762,176.80 less uncompleted work on hand at the begin-
Annual Report of the Public Printer 33

ning of the present fiscal year than at the ' outset of the preceding

year, and this reduction correspondingly decreased the funds available from charges during the 5 months beginning July 1, 1933.

This further drastic reduction in printing and binding since July 1 confirms the estimate made by the Public Printer at the beginning of

the present fiscal year that funds available for printing and binding

would be approximately $3,000,000 less than was expended for that

purpose in the preceding fiscal year, on account of which a reduction

had to be made at once in the Government Printing Office pay rolls. REDUCTION INCLUDED MARRIED EMPLOYEES

As required by law in effecting reductions of personnel, married

employees in the class to be reduced were first considered for dis- missal if the husband or wife was also in the service of the United

States or the District of Columbia. In such cases, married couples were permitted to decide which one would resign from the Government service. During June, July, and August, 111 married employees

of the Government Printing Office were thus separated from the

service, and 122 other married employees were permitted to retain

their positions in the Government Printing Office through the separation of the wife or husband from some other branch of the Government service. It became necessary to make additional reductions of the force at the beginning of the fiscal year, and employees who were within 5

years of the retirement age and had at least 30 years' service were

included. These employees are entitled to the maximum annuity

granted by law under the provisions of the Economy Act of June 16,

1933. Preference was given to veterans in every instance.

3 0-TEAR SERVICE EMPLOYEES RETIRED Retirements under the 30-year law numbered 121 in June and July

and totaled 138 up to December 1. Other retirements for age and

disability during the 6 months numbered 96. There were also 75 sep- arations for various causes, including 50 resignations and 10 deaths,

making a total of 420 separations for the 6 months from June to November, inclusive.

The total number of employees on the rolls June 1, 1933, was 4,663.

Owing to decreasing work and consequent lack of funds, the enrollment was gradually reduced until October 1, when the total was 4,297, a decrease of 506 from the number of employees on October 1 of the

preceding year. In the meantime the rapidly increasing emergency work required

for the various recovery and relief activities of the Government was
34 Annual Report of the Public Printer

necessitating a complete rearrangement of the production program of

the Government Printing Office to meet the new conditions. The

Office was flooded with immense orders for job printing and binding,

almost completely replacing its former principal output of book work.

This radical change of operations decreased the need for typesetting

and greatly increased the activities of the pressroom and bindery.

Accordingly, it was necessary to furlough employees of the Printing Division occasionally on account of lack of work and at the same

time increase the number of employees in the Presswork and Binding

Divisions, to which from October 1 to December 15, 1933, there were added 417 temporary and emergency employees. The emergency

appointments were authorized by the Civil Service Commission when

its lists of eligibles became exhausted.

GREAT REDUCTION IN COMPOSITION

The following typical examples show more definitely the radical

changes that have recently come about in the kind of work now being

done by the Government Printing Office to meet the present emergencies. For instance, the composition cost on one job of 6,000,000

copies was only $74.28 out of a total charge of $35,982.25 for other

labor and material; while 1,000 copies of a book of 476 pages cost $1,833.66 for composition alone out of a total charge of $2,135.86.

During the 5 months' period July-November of the present year,

typesetting decreased 281,177,400 ems in comparison with the same

period of the preceding year, the total for the 5 months in 1933 being

752,163,000 ems. On the other hand, presswork increased 31,761,185 actual impressions during the same period, and there were 25,742,632 more sheets

folded, 8,684,492 more copies wire-stitched, and 6,775,728 more copies

trimmed than during the 5 months of 1933, thus recording in definite

figures the fact that the Government Printing Office is now doing a

vast amount of job printing in place of book work.

CHANGE FROM BOOK TO JOB WORK

The great change from book to job work has been due to the constant and urgent demands by the emergency activities for great quantities of blank forms, circulars, pamphlets, and letterheads for immediate delivery. Ten or more of the vital recovery and relief administrations have been placing orders with the Government Printing

Office in steadily increasing quantities since early in July.

The total charges for this work up to December 1 amounted to $502,213.84, while the charges for work for the regular activities of

the Government have decreased 40 percent, with a total of $3,278,-

I76.20'for the 5 months.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 35

Approximately 50 percent of the work that the Office has been

doing during the past 5 months has been of an emergency nature

requiring immediate deliveries.

In the 51/2 months to December 15, 1933, a total of 502,369,916

copies of various kinds of printing matter were ordered for the new

emergency organizations, including the National Kecovery Administration, Agricultural Adjustment Administration, Public Works Administration, Civil Works Administration, Federal Emergency Relief

Administration, Emergency Conservation Work, Tennessee Valley

Authority, Reconstruction Finance Corporation, Home Owners' Loan

Corporation, and the Federal Coordinator of Transportation.

Of the vast quantity of emergency work, 400,000,000 copies were

cut to size, 74,000,000 were folded, and 14,000,000 were ruled or punched.

MILLIONS OF COPIES FOR EMERGENCIES

Included in the emergency work were 332,196,675 blank forms,

120,445,005 printed cards, 15,778,048 pamphlets, 15,727,500 letterheads,

7,163,300 envelops, and 11,059,388 miscellaneous it^ms, such as colored

posters, folders, charts, tags, circulars, etc. A total of 4,089 orders were placed for the emergency work, including orders varying from 100 to as high as 52,000,000 copies of one job.

To provide paper for the immense orders of printed matter and

blank stock, 772 carloads, weighing 27,400,000 pounds, were procured

by the Government Printing Office, in addition to the regular supply on hand, during the 5 months up to December 1, 1933. On several

occasions from 20 to 30 cars of paper were received by the Government Printing Office in 1 day. Recently 39 carloads arrived in the

Washington railroad yards the same day. In 1 week 53 cars of paper

were unloaded. All of these deliveries have been handled and stored

by the motor trucks and employees of the Government Printing Office. MILLS FILL URGENT ORDERS FOR PAPER

So urgent was the requirement for most of this paper that tele- graphic bids and orders had to be placed for large quantities which

various paper mills began making immediately so as to start shipments within 12 to 24 hours thereafter.

Paper dealers and manufacturers and the producers of other materials required in these emergencies have rendered a splendid service to the Government and made it possible for the Government Printing Office to meet promptly the tremendous demand for its products

in the last 6 months.

To keep the work moving properly and expeditiously with the

increased force of pressroom and bindery employees it has been neces- sary to establish three shifts for continuous 24-hour production, as
36 Annual Report of the Public Printer

well as to require considerable overtime, Sunday, and holiday work

whenever the emergency demanded such service. From July 1 to December 1, 1933, there were 45,741 hours of extra work, for which

employees received 50 percent additional to their regular day rates. A differential of 15 percent is paid for regular night work. In the

corresponding 5 months of 1932 overtime, Sunday, and holiday work

totaled only 1,976 hours.

N.R.A. PRINTING A GREAT TASK

The National Kecovery Administration early took the lead, which

it still maintains, in the quantity and urgency of work it has required

of the Government Printing Office, costing approximately $200,000 in

the 5 months.

Undoubtedly the hardest and fastest job ever handled by the Government Printing Office was the printing and mailing of 6,000,000

letters containing the President's Reemployment Agreement, which

required 12,000,000 pieces of printed matter within 5 days. During

that time 12,000,000 envelops were made and printed elsewhere and

delivered by motor trucks.

This job included the printing and folding of 6,000,000 copies of

the President's agreement, the printing and cutting of 6,000,000 certificates of compliance, the stuffing of these 12,000,000 enclosures and

6,000,000 return envelops into individual forwarding envelops addressed " To Every Employer ", which were sealed, counted into the

various required quantities, and mailed direct from the Government

Printing Office to more than 48,000 post offices throughout the United

States. At one time 600 employees were assigned to stuffing and seal- ing the envelops.

DELIVERIES BY EXPRESS AND AIRPLANE

This unexpected work necessitated the immediate procurement of

a score of envelop-sealing machines, most of which were generously

loaned by commercial firms and Government departments in Washington, and several sent by express from a Connecticut factory in

time for operation the same day.

At the same time the Government Printing Office printed and cut

22,000,000 N.R.A. consumers' cards and mailed them to every post

office in the United States. This order was subsequently increased

to 42,000,000 cards.

In the final 24 hours of the first rush for the N.R.A., 1,500,000

blank code letters and 7,000,000 consumers' cards were mailed. One

shipment was sent by airplane to Albuquerque, N.Mex., to complete

the entire delivery within the specified time. The Government Print-
Annual Report of the Pitblic Printer 37

ing Office thus did its part in starting the N.K.A. on the way to

success. In appreciation of this service, the Chief Clerk of the National

Recovery Administration, Mr. Bradish J. Carroll, Jr., addressed the

following letter to the Public Printer under date of August 1, 1933

I desire to acknowledge the splendid service of the Government Printing Office in completing in so short a time an order from the National Recovery Administration involving the printing of 6,000,000 copies each of 2 forms, folding

6,000,000 sheets, enclosing 3 pieces in 6,000,000 envelops, and sealing and mailing some 48,000 addresses. Concurrently with the execution of this mammoth

enterprise, the Government Printing Office printed and shipped 22,000,000 cards

5 by 3 inches in size. In fact, all of our printing needs are being cared for with

a promptness and intelligence that is deserving of special acknowledgment.

I would suggest that you express the sincere appreciation of this organization

to your very courteous and efficient assistants and the general personnel of your

Office who by their cooperation made possible the successful accomplishment of

a task that required such help as we received.

2 4-HOUR SERVICE FOR N.R.A. PRINTING

The Government Printing Office has also maintained a 24-hour

service for the printing of N.R.A. codes since the beginning of this

work. Up to December 15 there had been 1,281 prints of codes in

various forms—601 as submitted, 395 as revised, 174 as approved, and

111 reprints—making in all approximately 8,806,750 copies, with

7,955 pages of type, the codes varying from 3 to 53 pages each. The

largest edition was 145,000 copies of the Retail Code.

The N.R.A. codes have been sold to the number of 321,296 copies,

for which the Superintendent of Documents has received $14,621.46.

Another special job for the N.R.A. was the printing and mailing

of 8,000 portfolios, each containing 12 large art posters and 24

smaller display advertisements for an extensive publicity campaign.

The work was completed in a week's time, and two subsequent orders

for 7,000 of the smaller posters and 1,000 of the large ones were filled with even greater speed.

POSTER PRINTING IS HIGHLY PRAISED

Copy for the posters was furnished by N. W. Ayer & Son, Inc., of Philadelphia, and its vice president, Mr. H. A. Batten, in express- ing appreciation of the skillful handling of this work by the Government Printing Office, wrote the Public Printer, under date of October

18, 1933, as follows:

The work your office did on the N.R.A. portfolios (the typesettings, the printing, and the very involved job of collating the various groups of materials for

special mailings) required great skill, even if unlimited time were given; but, when you consider that this work was put through in a few days, it is an
38 Annual Report of the Public Printer

achievement of which you may well be proud. The morale and enthusiasm of everyone who participated in this work are a great tribute to the management.

I have been in many printing offices during the past 20 years, but I have

never in all this experience seen a finer group of men than you have in the Government Printing Office. The Government Printing Office was able to help the Bureau of

Mines administer the new Code of Fair Competition for the Petroleum Industry by the prompt printing of forms required in that

emergency. The chairman of the Petroleum Administrative Board,

Mr. Nathan E. Margold, wrote the Public Printer on October 31

Your courtesy in having these forms delivered so promptly will enable the Bureau of Mines to go on with the work in connection with the oil code without

complications caused by the lack of necessary forms, and I assure you that your

cooperation in this respect is appreciated greatly.

PUBLIC PRINTER PLEDGES COOPERATION

The Public Printer has also cooperated with the N.R.A. in other

ways, as indicated by the following letter which he addressed to the

Administrator, Gen. Hugh S. Johnson, on August 9, 1933

In accord with your statement, as quoted in this morning's Washington

Herald, that you do not believe the Government itself will buy where the firm

is selling goods that are not under the Blue Eagle, I am pleased to advise you

that all requests for open-market purchases issued by the Government Printing

Office since August 1 have contained the following qualification

" Preference in awards will be given to members of the National Recovery

Administration who comply with the specifications and other provisions of this request for proposals. "Are you a member of the N.R.A.? "Are the goods you propose to furnish made by members of the N.R.A. ? " In accord also with the policy of the administration, as stated by the Presi- dent on August 6, this Office has requested advice of the Comptroller General as

to the application to the Government Printing Office of paragraph 12 of the

President's Reemployment Agreement, providing that prices fixed by contract before the approval of the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16, 1933,

shall be adjusted to meet any increase in cost caused by the seller having

signed the Reemployment Agreement or having become bound by any code of

fair practice approved by the President. ADJUSTMENTS OF GOVEENMENT CONTRACTS

If the Comptroller General sanctions such a modification of contracts entered

into prior to June 16, 1933, it is our purpose to make such adjustments in contract prices as may be necessary to meet any increase in cost under the operation of the National Industrial Recovery Act. Contracts for paper and other

printing materials amounting to approximately $2,000,000 may be subject to such an adjustment.

I am also pleased to report to you that the association of employees, operating a large cafeteria in the Government Printing Office and employing at their own expense about 60 persons, has subscribed to the blanket-code pledge and is heartily supporting the national industrial recovery program, as indicated by the enclosed announcement.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 39

The GoYernment Printing Office as a whole has likewise been delighted with

the opportunity to serve the National Recovery Administration in the vast amount of emergency printing and mailing which we were recently called upon

to do. In this connection, I believe you will be interested in the accompanying

statement which I issued to employees complimenting them for " a record- breaking job well done." Hoping that our efforts thus far' will assure you that the Government Print- ing Office is always ready and willing to assist the Recovery Administration

in every way possible, * * *. General Johnson expressed his thanks in the following letter to the Public Printer under date of August 10

Thank you for your letter and enclosure of August 9. I am glad to know that the Government Printing Office is backing the N.R.A. with such wholehearted

cooperation.

You did a splendid job in getting out the huge amount of printing material

which was prepared and mailed from your Office in launching the Blue Eagle.

COMPTROLLER GENERAl's DECISION ON CONTRACTS

The Comptroller General's decision referred to in the foregoing

correspondence with General Johnson was rendered to the Public

Printer on August 10, as follows, it being one of the first interpretations by the Comptroller General of the National Industrial Recovery Act and a decision of vital importance to Government contractors

affected by the increased cost of their products under code

compliances

There has been received your letter of August 7, 1933, as follows

" I respectfully request your views and advice as to the application to the Government Printing Office of paragraph 12 of the President's Reemployment

Agreement providing that prices fixed by contract before the approval of the National Industrial Recovery Act on June 16, 1933, for the purchase of goods

to be delivered during the period of such agreement, shall be adjusted to meet any increase in cost caused by the seller having signed the Reemployment

Agi-eement or having become bound by any code of fair practice approved by

the President.

" In this connection I respectfully invite yo\xv attention to the following state- ment issued by the President under date of August 6 and request your advice as

to the proper procedure thereunder as regards all contracts entered into by the Government Printing Office prior to June 16, 1933

STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE PRESIDENT

"

' The United States Government as a buyer of goods should be willing itself to take action similar to that recommended to private buyers. Therefore,

wherever adjustments can be made under existing law, I shall recommend that they be made. In other cases where such adjustments cannot be made under

authority now possessed by the executive departments, I shall recommend that the next Congress, meeting in January 1934, take action giving authority to the executive departments, under such safeguards as the Congress may approve, and making any necessary appropriations to provide for recompensing such

buyers who have in good faith and wholeheartedly cooperated with the administration of the National Industrial Recovery Act, and as a result thereof
40 Annual Report of the Public Printer

should equitably be allowed an increase in the prices of goods furnished in the

interim in accordance with the terms of contracts entered into with the Government prior to June 16, 1933.' "As practically all of the paper and other materials used in printing and bind- ing during present fiscal year were contracted for prior to June 16, 1933, any

material increase in their costs would seriously affect the charges for printing

and binding and necessitate an immediate revision of our scale of charges. It

is therefore urgent that we receive your advice in this regard as soon as possible

if adjustments of these contracts can be made under existing law."

NO POWER TO CHANGE GOYERNMEXT CONTRACTS Contracting with the United States involves problems not necessarily applicable to contracting between private parties in that officers and employees of the Government have but limited authority. Flopds Acceptances, 7 Wall., 666. When

a contract has been entered into with the United States, the terms of such con- tract may not be changed prejudicial to the United States by any officer or employee thereof without adequate consideration moving to the Government for such change and the courts have settled the proposition that the United States as a contractor is not responsible for its acts in its sovereign capacity. See 8 Comp. Gen. 25, and the cases cited therein of Horoivitz v. United States, 267

U.S. 458, and Maxwell y. United States (G.C.A.), 3 Fed. (2;d) 906. The Supreme

Court of the United States in the Horowitz case cited with approval the early Court of Claims cases of Deming v. United States, 1 Ct.Cls. 190, 191 ; Jones v. United States, id., 383, 384 ; and Wilson v. United States, 11 Ct.Cls. 513. Where a contract has been entered into with the United States at a fixed price for the delivery of material and supplies or for other purposes there is no exist- ing law authorizing any increase in price because of conditions which may have

arisen after the date of the contract, whether such changed conditions result from the operation of the terms of the National Industrial Recovery Act of June

16, 1933, referred to by you, or otherwise. Where it can be shown that there was an increase in the cost of performance

to the contractor by reason of the act of June 16, 1933, and the amount thereof,

and that such increase was not contemplated by the contractor at the time of the submission of his bid, the question whether such contractor may be allowed

any addition to the contract price is a question of policy solely for the determi- nation of the Congress.

Your question is answered accordingly.

3,00 0 EMPLOYEES MARCH IN N.R.A. PARADE

Loyalty to N.R.A. was also shown by 3,000 employees of the

Government Printing Office who constituted nearly a third of the

marchers in the Washington N.R.A. parade on August 29. The

Government Printing Office division was composed of an escort of

its uniformed guards, its own Veterans' Drum and Bugle Corps, two

companies of uniformed Veterans of American Wars, the Public

Printer and his official staff, and the other marchers with identifying

banners for each division and section of the Office. Every Government Printing Office representative in the parade carried a Blue

Eagle flag.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 41

The Government Printing Office division was headed by an attrac- tively decorated motor truck carrying the historic linotype machine

and its war-veteran operator, Corpl. J. Monroe Kreiter, who served

together at General Pershing's headquarters in France. On each

side of the float was a banner inscribed as follows

This machine and operator served General Pershing in France during World

War. Now helping General Johnson in printing of the N.R.A. Blue Eagle.

A brilliantly illuminated Blue Eagle, the insignia of the N.R.A.,

shone forth as a headlight over the driver's cab and shared the

plaudits of 150,000 spectators who lined historic Pennsylvania Avenue from the Capitol to the reviewing stand near the White House.

MAJ. GEN. FRIES ENTHUSED BY PARADE

In a letter of appreciation, Maj. Gen. Amos A. Fries (retired),

general chairman. National Recovery day celebration, Washington,

D.C., wrote the Public Printer as follows

I am an enthusiast and an optimist by nature and by training—and by desire as I grow older. I want to say, however, that my optimism was very much

stretched when I was told that you proposed to turn out more than 3,000

employees of the Government Printing Office for our parade on the night of August 29. You not only turned them out, but you tumed them out in formation and

with N.R.A. flags so that they furnished an inspiration for all who saw them,

and added to a highly successful evening. Please accept for yourself, and

convey to all employees of the Government Printing Office who took part in the parade, my deepest appreciation. My personal appreciation is added to the

appreciation of the entire committee.

The flags carried by practically everyone in your unit was a fine idea beautifully carried out.AGRICULTURAL ADMINISTRATION PRINTING

The Agricultural Adjustment Administration has also utilized

the facilities of the Government Printing Office to the fullest extent during recent months to carry on its extensive campaigns for the

relief of cotton, tobacco, wheat, corn, and hog growers. These various

undertakings were started with the printing and mailing by the

Government Printing Office of 109,239,900 copies of numerous forms

of contracts and regulations for these industries, costing $158,460.27

up to December 15. Orders for the Agricultural Adjustment Administration included

34,117,500 copies of forms for cotton growers, 32,927,500 for wheat

growers, 32,200,000 for corn-hog growers, and 9,655,700 for tobacco

growers.

To supply the required printing within the limited period specified

for this work, more than 30 presses were kept running almost con- tinuously for a number of days and nights.
42 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The folding of these jobs required 2 large machines in addition to the 18 other folders that were kept in almost continuous operation.

The additional folding machines were brought by motor truck from

Cleveland, set up, and put to work within 48 hours after they were

ordered by telephone.

THANKS FROM ASSISTANT SECRETARY TUGWEIX

Assistant Secretary of Agriculture Tugwell sent the following

letter of thanks to the Public Printer and his staff for the cooperation

which he stated " merits the thanks not only of this Department but

also of the millions of farmers who will benefit by the Government's

program "

I want personally to thank you and the members of your staff—especially

Captain Moorhead, Mr. Huse, Mr. Mitchell, Mr. Tisdel, and Dr. Benner—who

have worked overtime to secure the prompt issuance of legal forms, instructions, and leaflets urgently needed for the campaign being conducted throughout

the South this week by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration.

We have been compelled to send copy to your oflBce at all hours of the night,

and have had to make last-minute alterations in proofs. We have sent two jobs

to your office with the request that actual mailing to the field start within

18 hours. In all cases your force has responded to our needs even beyond our

expectations. I am told that yesterday (Sunday) the force in the press sections as well as in Mr. Tisdel's and Dr. Benner's section worked all day to get our forms into the mails. Your cooperation in this emergency merits the thanks not only of this Department but also of the millions of farmers who will benefit by the Government's

program. AID TO NATIONAL REEMPLOYMENT SERVICE

In recent months the National Reemployment Service of the Department of Labor has obtained 33,175,000 printed cards and forms

for its emergency work in the relief of unemployment throughout the

United States. The Director of the United States Employment Service, Mr. W. Frank Persons, in expressing his appreciation of the

attention given the jDrompt printing and distribution of an important

bulletin for the assembling of the Reforestation Army, wrote to the

Chief of the Division of Publications, Department of Labor : The copy for this 24-page document was put in your hands at 9 o'clock on the morning of Thursday, April 27. Five hundred copies were at this office at 9

o'clock on the following morning, and 10,000 copies were in the mails before even- ing of Friday, April 28.

It is very essential that documents of this character be in the hands of our

field workers throughout the United States without delay, in order to assure

uniformly, in all States, the selection of men of the highest character and in conformity with our standards of eligibility. Your help and the help of those who cooperated in this effort have advanced our work by 3 days.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 43

The Assistant Director of the Employment Service, Mr. T. G. Addison, also wrote the Public Printer the following appreciation, dated

August 30:

The United States Employment Service has found it necessary during the past

2 months to call upon you for the printing and distribution of some 16,000,000

items of printing. In spite of the numerous demands upon your service by recently established emergency organizations, you have complied with our requests with a degree of dispatch which has greatly facilitated the efforts of the United States Employment Service in establishing a national reemployment service throughout the United States. May I therefore take this opportunity of thanking you, your superintendent

of works, and your other division chiefs for the excellent cooperation you have

extended to us through our departmental division of publications and supplies?

The Commissioner of Labor Statistics, Mr. Isador Lubin, likewise

expressed his thanks to the Public Printer for the prompt printing of an important Labor bulletin, saying:

There has been a great demand for the information contained in this bulletin, and due to your cooperation the information was available to the public in record time. HELP TO EMERGENCY CONSERVATION WORK

Similar help has been rendered to the Emergency Conservation

Work in the printing of numerous publications for its activities,

including 50,000 copies of a booklet entitled " The National Parks

and Emergency Conservation " which was delivered in record time.

In acknowledging receipt of advance copies of another conservation

publication on " Eastern Forest Tree Diseases in Relation to Stand

Improvement Director Robert Fechner, of the Emergency Conservation Work, wrote the Public Printer on September 19

I wish to thank you for your cooperation in the issuance of this publication, for I realize the great strain under which your organization is now working.

The promptness with which you have been able to do this work was exceedingly

gratifying to me, while the character of the work done bespeaks the high quality

of the printer's art as developed at the Government Printing Office. MILLIONS OF CHECKS FOR CIVIL WORKERS

Assisting in the job of putting 4,000,000 men upon the pay rolls of

the Civil Works Administration, the Government Printing Office, at the special request of the President, completed the printing of the first order for the duplicate and triplicate copies of 23,225,000 checks (the

original being produced at the same time by the Bureau of Engraving

and Printing) at the rate of 2,732,353 checks daily for 17 working

days of 24 hours.

Another order for 53,672,300 similar checks was received on December 15 and handled with like expedition. The checks are numbered
44 Annual Report of the Public Printer

serially, collated, and delivered in sets. In all, 116,125,000 copies

have been printed to date.

On the day the first order was completed, large quantities of the

checks were carried by several special airplanes to the Pacific coast and the Southwestern States. Airplanes were also utilized to convey

from New York 75 new numbering machines which the Government

Printing Office needed immediately to equip additional presses for

this emergency work.

The press and bindery work in the printing and collating of the

first order for 46,450,000 copies of the checks required the services of

206 employees and the supply of 3 carloads of paper.

15,045,8 00 COPIES PRINTED IN 3 DAYS

Another recent job for the Civil Works Administration consisted

of the printing and mailing of 15,045,800 copies of 32 forms required

immediately for accounting work in various States. Copy for part

of the forms was received Saturday afternoon, December 16, and all was in type and part plated the following night. A total of 616

stereotype and electrotype plates were made for the 29 presses used

in printing the 15,045,800 copies. The presswork was started Monday morning and the entire run completed Tuesday night. The

bindery work was complicated with requirements for gathering, cutting, padding, and stitching forms of various colors and sizes. Mailing of the entire order to the designated States was completed by the

Superintendent of Documents on Thursday, December 21, the fifth day after receipt of the order. Duplicate orders were received Defcember 29 for the printing of 26,000,000 additional copies of these

:forms.

RUSH CI\T:L SERVICE EXAMINATION FORMS

Several emergency jobs of special importance to the Post Office

Department included the printing of 566,000 copies of various forms

required by the Civil Service Commission in Presidential postmaster

examinations. The President of the Civil Service Commission, Hon.

Harry B. Mitchell, conveyed its thanks to the Public Printer for this

service with the following letter of July 31

The Commission wishes to express its appreciation and thanks for the hearty

cooperation of your Office in making prompt deliveries on the forms required by

this Commission for the Presidential postmaster examinations.

The work before the Commission in connection with the Presidential post- master work is of high importance and your promptness in delivering the

desired material is very much appreciated.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 45

On November 15 the Secretary of Commerce requested the cooperation of the Public Printer in the prompt printing of approximately

1,500,000 copies of 84 forms ranging from 1 to 8 pages each, to be

used in taking the biennial census of manufactures for 1933, stating

that it would be necessary to have complete delivery by December 1. This was done.

CENSUS DIRECTOR COMMENDS SPEEDY WORK

The Director of the Bureau of the Census, Mr. W. L. Austin,

expressed his appreciation in the following letter to the Public

Printer, December 12, 1933 : We want to express to you our appreciation of the fine cooperation you are

giving this Bureau in its preparation for the Census of American Business. We have particularly in mind the speed with which you provided us with 1,000

advance copies, from type, of the main schedule or inquiry form. The speed with which this job was completed has helped us materially in our

task of preparing our men to undertake the field job. The three men named

and their assistants, with whom we came in contact, were invariably helpful,

and we wish to take this occasion to express to you our appreciation for your

organization's cooperation.

To aid in the activities of the Home Owners' Loan Corporation,

29,500,000 copies of printed matter have been produced for that

organization since July 1, a great part of the work being delivered

within 24 hours after receipt of order.

THE president's TOKEN OF APPRECIATION

The President of the United States delighted every employee of

the Government Printing Office by specifically including this Office in

the following Executive order excusing Federal employees from

duty December 23 and 30 " as an evidence of appreciation of the

splendid service " they had rendered the Government

Executive Oeder Excusing Federal Employees in the District of Columbia

FROM Duty December 23 and 30, 1933 As an evidence of appreciation of tlie splendid service of the employees of the Government, most of whom have been working under exceptional pressure

for the last 9i/^ months, it is hereby ordered that the several executive depart- ments and independent Government establishments in the District of Columbia,

including the Government Printing Office and the Navy Yard and stations, be

closed on Saturday, December 23, 1933, and Saturday, December 30, 1933, and

all clerks and other employees in the Federal service in the District of Columbia,

except those who may for special public reasons be excepted from the provi- sions of this order, or those whose absence from duty would be inconsistent with the provisions of existing law, are hereby excused from duty on those days.

FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT.

The White House,

Deceml)er 20, 1933.
46 Annual Report of the Public Printer

N.R.A. ADMINISTRATOR SATS " FINE WORK " The following letter of appreciation from General Johnson, Administrator of the National Recovery Administration, with his good

wishes for the holidays, also was posted on the office bulletin boards

for the information of employees, to all of whom the message was

most pleasing

National Recoveey Administration,

Washington, D.C., December 21, 1933. Mr. George H. Caetee,

Public Printer,

Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Carteb : For some time now, I have wanted to tell you how much

I appreciate the fine work your organization has done for the National

Recovery Administration.

I realize under what pressure your organization must work when every job

is in the nature of a rush job and how difficult the task has been. Capt. E. S. Moorhead, Production Manager, and Mr. W. A. Mitchell, Superintendent of Planning, have been of invaluable assistance and have cooperated admirably.

With every good wish to you and your associates for Christmas and the New Year, I remain,

Sincerely yours, Hugh S. Johnson, Administrator.

CURRENT PUBLICATIONS ALSO KEPT MOVING

While all the emergency printing was being handled, the current

work of the Office was progressing. Approximately 5,000,000 postal

cards were printed, packed, and shipped daily. The output of

money-order books increased 24 percent. Six dailies, 9 weeklies, some 60 monthly publications, and the weekly issues of specifications

of patents and the Official Gazette were printed on schedule time.

Bindery edition work was completed on the Agriculture Yearbook

with 250,000 copies, the bound sets of the Congressional Record

with 7 volumes averaging 4,825 copies each, and the Postal Guide

with 87,667 copies.

LARGE ORDERS PLACED WITH CONTRACTORS

In addition to the work done in its own plant, the Government

Printing Office has procured from contractors and furnished to various emergency activities since July 1 a total of 11,907,500 sets of folded forms, varying from 2 to 10 printed parts per set, at a

cost of $68,195.92.

The Office also spent $107,741.69 for lithographs and engravings

furnished by commercial printers during the year. Of this amount

$50,308.42 was for soil survey maps and $23,695 for an atlas of

American agriculture.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 47

PUBLIC DOCUMENTS DIVISION

The Public Dociiinents Division, in charge of the Superintendent of

Documents, rendered a record-breaking service in the distribution of

229,158,947 printed copies during the first 5% months of the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933. This was 160,097,822 more copies than were distributed in the entire fiscal year 1933.

The enormous increase was due to the ncAV recovery and relief activities which utilized the facilities of the Government Printing Office for mailing as well as for printing their publications. The National

Recovery Administration headed the list with a total mailing of

79,175,825 copies, followed by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration with 61,181,005 copies, the National Reemployment Service

with 15,378,990 copies, the Civil Works Administration with 15,600,-

000 copies, the Federal Emergency Relief Administration with

12,988,325 copies, the Reconstruction Finance Corporation with

8,085,500 copies, the Farm Credit Administration with 750,720 copies,

the Home Owners' Loan Corporation with 501,000 copies, and several

others ranging from 49,000 to 449,000 copies each.

1,453,766,112 COPIES IN THE 21 YEARS

During the 21 years up to December 15, 1933, the Superintendent

of Documents has handled a total of 1,453,766,112 copies of Government publications printed for free distribution on departmental

orders, for depository libraries, and for sale to the public.

With a stock of 29,635,464 copies on hand at the beginning of the

fiscal year 1933 and the receipt of 58,215,647 copies from the Public

Printer, the Superintendent of Documents had a total of 87,851,111

copies available for distribution during the fiscal year ended June

30, 1933. Of this number, 69,061,125 copies were distributed, leaving

a balance on hand June 30, 1933, of 18,789,986 copies, a decrease of

10,845,478 from the stock at the beginning of the fiscal year. MILLIONS or OBSOLETE COPIES DISCARDED

Part of the reduction was due to the discarding of 8,318,355 copies

of obsolete departmental publications, mostly leaflets and small

pamphlets, which completes the reconditioning of the stockrooms

that has been in progress for the last 2 years. The following table is a statement of publications received and

distributed by the Superintendent of Documents during the fiscal year 1933, showing the number of copies on hand July 1, 1932, the

number received during the year, the number distributed, and the

21674—34 4
48 Annual Report of the Public Printer

number on hand June 30, 1933, for the various departments and

establishments of the Government:

Department or establishment Copies on hand July

1, 1932

Copies re- ceived during year

Copies dis- tributed during year

Copies on hand June

30, 1933

Executive departments:

State 2, 346

1, 896, 873

2, 477

167, 094

8, 185, 925

63, 065

1, 457, 427

27, 806, 711

2, 257, 992

1, 882, 905

2, 909

14, 347

594, 099

29, 000

1,938

269, 785

601

71, 435

1,250

1,069, 714 876

2,346

3,003, 339

2, 427

321, 567

8, 185,925

38, 772

1, 349, 582

27, 090, 813

6, 262, 485

4, 104, 837

13, 093

47, 399

992, 936

29, 000

1,135

278, 209

Treasury 2, 052, 764 946, 29860

85, 993 War

Justice 240, 466 Post Office Navy 144

591, 049

10,912, 389

5,407,845

3, 100,920

10, 184

33, 353

1, 034, 237

24, 437

698, 894

11, 628, 287

1,403, 352 878,988

Interior. Agriculture Commerce _ Labor

Independent offices: Civil Service Employees Compensation Commission Farm Credit Administration

301

635, 400 Federal Home Loan Bank Board

Federal Power Commission 803 Federal Reserve Board 8,424 Federal Radio Commission 601

23, 350

208 Federal Trade Commission 266, 411 314, 496

1,042

1,069, 714

15, 612

1,989

198, 617

3, 720

2, 758

General Accounting Office Interstate Commerce Commission

National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics

Personnel Classification Board.

15, 864

4,202

216, 327

534

2, 312

1, 128

2, 213 Smithsonian Institution 166, 208 183, 918

3, 186 446

8, 926

340

4,000

6,585

15, 754

U.S. Tariff Commission

Veterans' Administration

Judiciary: Supreme Court of the United States 8, 926

703

6, 103 4,095

15, 251

Court of Customs and Patent Appeals

Congressional: Bicentennial Commission

548

3,996

186

1,893 2,490

503 Congress Library of Congress

Total 23,901,969

5, 733,495

45,984, 214

12, 231, 433

153, 366,891

2 15, 694, 234

16, 619, 292 Superintendent of Documents 2, 270, 694 Grand total 29, 635,464 58, 215, 647 69, 061, 125 18,789,986

> This total includes 4,069,839 copies of discarded obsolete publications, deducting which reduces the

actual distribution for the year to 49,297,052 copies,

> This total includes 4,248,516 copies of discarded obsolete publications, deducting which reduces the

actual distribution for the year to 11,445,718 copies. Sales of publications in the fiscal year 1933 totaled 8,255,490 copies, an increase of 541,096 over 1932. The sales for the first 5 months of

the present fiscal year have also increased, with a total of 3,483,430

copies up to December 1, 1933, or 697,657 more copies than were sold

in the corresponding period of the preceding fiscal year. Keceipts from the sales of publications in the fiscal year 1933

amounted to $540,532.29, a decrease of $68,615.72 owing to the purchase of less expensive publications although greater in number.

1
Annual Report of the Public Printer 49

Notwithstanding the reduced receipts, the net earnings of $222,-

130.87 on the sale of publications during the year were an increase of

$80,784.75 on account of the new sales law recommended by the

Public Printer.

Earnings of $92,316.02 for the 5 months, July-November 1933, were an increase of $28,690.55 over the corresponding period of the

preceding year.SALES RECEIPTS $3,065,135 FOR 20 YEARS

The total receipts from the sales of publications in the last 20 years

have amounted to $8,406,565.76, of which $3,065,135.09 was in excess of the printing costs and therefore deposited in the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts.

The number of orders received in 1933 was 481,295, a decrease of

38,302. In the first 5 months, July-November 1933, orders totaled

189,803, an increase of 620. Practically all of the sales are mail orders, the gross receipts of

$598,325.03 in the fiscal year 1933 being paid mostly by checks. Only

four checks, totaling $4.10, remain outstanding. Refunds on orders

for unavailable publications amounted to $44,294.90.

An average of $2,000 a month is received for over-the-counter sales by the Government bookstore maintained for the convenience of the

public in the new extension of the Government Printing Office. Expenditures for salaries, wages, and leave of the daily average of

331 employees in the Public Documents Division during the fiscal

• year 1933 amounted to $529,952.38, of which $55,988.41 was impounded

under the Economy Act, making the net cost to the Government

$473,963.97. Against this amount may be offset the sum of $222,130.87,

the earnings for return to the Treasury from the sales of publications at 50 percent above cost. PUBLICATIONS FOR DEPOSITORY LIBRARIES

Depository libraries designated by law were furnished 1,888,564

copies of selected publications during the fiscal year 1933, a decrease

of 201,535. These publications were distributed among 499 libraries,

of which only 94 selected all the classes of Government publications

available for depositories.

Distribution to libraries was also restricted by the annual appropriation for that purpose, which in the fiscal year 1933 was $76,000

In an effort to obtain information that would be helpful to the

adoption of a better plan for library distribution, a questionnaire was

submitted to all designated depositories in 1932-33. The following summary of the library replies indicates that there is still
50 Annual Report of the Piiblic Printer

considerable waste in depository distribution for which no effective

remedy has been proposed as yet

Question: Are Government publications classified? Answer: 174 libraries state that they classify all Government publications; 18 classify bound volumes only; 236 make partial classification; 49 make no

classification ; 5 did not reply to this question.

Question : Are Government publications cataloged ? Answer : 128 libraries state they catalog all ; 30 state they catalog bound

volumes only; 227 catalog in part; 90 do not catalog any; 7 failed to answer

this question.

Question: Extent of use? Answer : 229 libraries state publications are in constant use ; 88 state they are used by faculty and students only ; 77 state they are used moderately ; 58 make

no answer to this question.

Question : Is the depository privilege of real value? Answer : 460 libraries state it is invaluable ; 18 qualify their replies as follows

11 state it would be of value if they were permitted to select only those publications in the different series that would be of interest to their communities; 5

state it is of value in some respects to certain people ; 2 state it is not of value

to the general public.

VIEWS or SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS

The Superintendent of Documents submits the following views in

regard to the depository library problem

We have hoped that before this time some constructive suggestion concerning

the depository library problem might have been forthcoming from the American

Library Association, but so far no report has been received from the committee

that has been making a study of the situation. The public documents committer of the American Library Association is now

engaged in defining the needs of the various types of libraries and when such

a program is worked out a library can direct its efforts toward completing its

files on certain subjects that are of real interest to the community it is serving.

Government publications are recognized as a necessary source of material for research work on political, economical, industrial, social, and practically all other subjects, but to be of value sets must be complete. In summing up the situation, I believe there should be fewer depository

libraries and that the responsibility for proper selection and determination as to the eligibility of a library to become a depository should be imposed upon the State library commission or some other authorized body of the State. Depository libraries are provided to make Government publications available

for the use of the general public and no library should be designated unless it has an organization capable of making the publications available. BIG CATALOG OF GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS

The Documents Catalog of all publications issued by the Government during the 2 years of the Sevent3?^-first Congress, July 1, 1929,

to June 30, 1931, is in course of printing and will be ready for distri- bution early in March of 1934. A total of 60,807 entry cards were

prepared for the catalog, which is 4,670 more cards than were used

for the catalog of the Seventieth Congress.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 51

Work is progressing on the catalog for the Seventy-second Congress, and it is planned to have this additional list of Government

publications available for use in 1934. This will complete the

catalogs up to the present Congress and make the series current for

the first time in many years. With the approval of the Joint Committee on Printing, the Session

Document Index was discontinued with the completion of the index

for the second session of the Seventy-second Congress. As stated in

the Public Printer's Eeport for 1932, the session index is no longer

needed with the bringing up to date of the Documents Catalog. The

discontinuance of the session index will save approximately $10,000

annually in the expense of printing and the time of indexers who

have been transferred to other work.

DUPLICATION OF CONGRESSIONAL DOCUMENTS

In the following statement, with which the Public Printer concurs, the Superintendent of Documents again calls attention to waste and

duplication of departmental publications that are also printed as numbered congressional documents:

There is no need for printing departmental publications as Senate and House

documents, and no good reason has been advanced for including in the congressional set a few series of departmental publications, when many other series are omitted. Objections have been made in the past to taking annual reports out of the congressional set, but now some departments take advantage of the law making it discretionary whether they print consolidated reports, and, when

omitted, the reports are automatically dropped from the congressional series.

It has long been advocated that the publications bearing congressional docu- ment and report numbers should be only those that emanate from Congress,

of which no other plain title edition is printed.

The simplest and most effective way to untangle this publication duplication

is to provide that no publications issued under the authority of the executive or

judicial branches of the Government shall be printed or duplicated as numbered

congressional documents. To accomplish this the Joint Committee on Printing

could issue regulations requiring that the usual number should not be printed

of any publications having a department edition. TESTS AND TECHNICAL CONTROL

The Division of Tests and Technical Control, which was established

by the present Public Printer on February 1, 1922, as a small testing

section, now has developed into one of the most important and serviceable divisions in the Government Printing Office. Its functions correlate with all the maintenance and manufacturing units of the Office

for which material service is rendered either in the making of inks,

glues, type metals, and rollers, or in the exercise of technical control over the various chemical processes of the graphic arts. These functions, as they relate to the manufacturing units of the

Government Printing Office, are here listed to show the materials
52 Annual Report of the Public Printer

made in the Technical Division, the materials produced under it&

technical control by other divisions, and the processes that are either

all or partly under technical control; the quality of the materials

listed being maintained by technical specifications for purchase and

laboratory tests of deliveries

Purchasing:

Supplying specifications for materials Recommendation for awards, based on tests of material submitted

with bids Recommendation for rejection of materialsfor noncompliance with

specifications or accepted samples

Planning:

Furnishing information on materials for printing and binding

Testing samples submitted with

requisitions from Government

departments

Printing:

Linotype metal ^ Monotype metal ^ Detergents

Chases

Monotype keyboard paper Adhesives ^ PJatemaking:

Stereotyping:

Stereotype metal ^ Paste

Matrix paper

Matrix-releasing compound ^ Molding blankets

Felt Electrotyping:

* Backing metal * Soldering fluid ^ Depositing solutions Graphite

Copper sulphate

Nickel sulphate

Chromium trioxide Sulphuric acid Molding wax

Copper and nickel anodes

PlatemaMng—Continued.

Electrotyping—Continued.

Solder Molding lead Blocking wood

Photoengraving: ^ Copper and zinc Collodion Enamels and developers

Dragon's blood Carbons

Chemicals

Rubber solutions Brushes and detergents

Binding:

Paste, bookbinder's^

Glues, flexible compositions^'

Ruling inks^

Book-cover inks*

End paper Book cloths Muslin

Mousseline

Headbands

Sewing threads Binders board

Duck

Crash

Binding leather Imitation leather Bronze stamping leaf Marbling colors * Paper-cutting knives

Marbling gums^

Brushes

Egg albumin

Pressioork: Inks*

Rollers * Paper

Tabulating cards

Postal cards ^

1 Materials manufactured in the Division of Tests and Technical Control.

2 Materials produced under technical control by the respective divisions.

3 All or in part under technical control.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 53

Pressicorh—Continued. Maintenance—Continued. Cartons

Detergents

Adhesives ^ Rags and waste

Offset etches'

Offset felt Offset plush

Gums

Egg albumin Pipe and sheet-metal shop:

Solder

Lead, sheet, and pipe Iron pipe

Cutting oils

Machine shop:

Lubricating oils and greases Cutting oils Steel, iron, bronze, etc.

Electrical shop:

Solder

Carbon brushes Armature paper

Maintenance:

Carpenter and paint shop:

Moisture in wood

Glue

Awning materials Sanitary section: Detergents

Towels

Brushes and mops

Duck and drilling

Brushes

Paint

The total cost of operating the Division of Tests and Technical

Control, including salaries, wages, materials, and new equipment, for

the fiscal year 1933 was $152,363.08, a decrease of $7,845.30 from the

preceding year's expenditures.

The Division was credited during the year with the production of

inks, rollers, and metals amounting to $105,721.43, leaving an over- head charge of $46,641.65, which was equivalent to the cost of its laboratory tests and technical control service to all manufacturing

units and the expense of research work.

The laboratory made 6,611 tests of materials received during the

fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, of which 3,837 were of paper and

envelop deliveries. The total tests for the year were 1,229 less than were made in 1932.

In the first 5 months of the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933, the

laboratory kept pace with other emergency work in the testing of

3,244 samples of materials. Of these tests, 2,228 were of paper and

paper products, almost two thirds as many as were made during the

entire preceding year. Tests caused the rejection of 312 deliveries for noncompliance with

specifications, 259 being of paper, 16 of envelops, and 37 of other

materials.

Paper rejections amounted to 3,131,259 pounds, or 8.6 percent of

the total quantity received, as compared with 8.8 percent rejected in

LABORATORY KEPT PACE WITH EMERGENCY

^ Materials manufactured in the Division of Tests and Technical ControL

* Materials produced under technical control by the respective divisions.
54 Annual Report of the Public Printer

the preceding year. The principal causes of paper rejections was

high acidity, a new restriction in many items of paper, and deficiency

in folding endurance.

As a result of the tests a number of changes have been made in the

paper specifications adopted by the Joint Committee on Printing for

Government use. All the changes tend to improve the quality, especially as regards acidity and folding endurance, in order to insure

permanence and greater durability.

Several cooperative studies of paper problems were also carried on

during the year, including the relative rates of deterioration of

sulphite paper, a smoothness test as an aid in determining the printing quality of paper, methods of microscopic examinations, and

variations in the moisture contents of paper under varying conditions

and seasons. KEMEL.T 14 TONS OF METAL DAILY

The Metal Section is now equipped with three 9-ton and one 5-ton

furnaces operated with automatic feeders and pumps that minimize

manual labor in filling the pots and pouring the metal, formerly a most irksome task. A total of 8,522,238 pounds, or approximately 14 tons daily, of type

metal was remelted and standardized in these furnaces during the

fiscal year 1933. The metals, remelted and corrected to the required

standards with alloys, included 5,742,697 pounds of linotype, 2,020,578

pounds of monotype, 526,022 pounds of stereotype, and 171,671 pounds

of electrotype metal. These figures cover repeated remeltings of the same metals during the year. The actual amount of type metals on hand in ingots, galleys, standing forms and pages, and sorts totals 3,117,724 pounds. In addition, reserve ingots of electrotype backing and stereotype metals

weigh 136,000 pounds.

STORAGE OF METALS AND PLATES

A recent survey shows that there are approximately 10,000,000

pounds of type and plate metals in use and in storage in the Government Printing Office. Of this enormous weight, 6,970,190 pounds

were contained in 2,975,721 electrotype and stereotype plates stored

in vaults underneath the street walks adjoining the main building.

Since the inventory, a large number of dead plates have been

remelted with the consent of the departments for which they had been

stored. An effort is also being made to reduce by sale the amount

of type metal for regular use to approximately 3,000,000 pounds.
Anrnoal Report of the Public Printer 55

During the year 335,000 pounds of excess linotype metal, 164,313

pounds of electrotype plates, and 131,695 pounds of dross were sold or exchanged for needed alloys.

Production of printing inks in the fiscal year 1933 amounted to 154,498 pounds for the use of the Government Printing Office and

other establishments of the Government, exclusive of the Bureau of

Engraving and Printing which makes its own inks. The output of

ink decreased 101,328 pounds from the 1932 quantity, due to discontinuance of the manufacture of stamp-cancelation ink for the Post

Office Department.

Among the products of the ink section for the year were 42,599

pounds of mimeograph ink and 12,056 quarts of writing inks furnished to various departments of the Government.

At the request of several Government officers, new inks were made

for instrument recording, stenciling, prison laundry marking, and

other special printing requirements.

Marbling pulp colors were developed for the bindery and improvements made in striping inks for tabulating cards.

DISCARD OF WASTE INKS REDUCED

Improvements in the making and handling of printing inks during

recent years have resulted in reducing the discard of waste inks

from 13.4 percent in 1923 to 1.6 percent in 1933, with a total discard

of 2,680 pounds of waste ink in the latter year as compared with

13,650 pounds in 1923.

Press rollers manufactured during the year totaled 2,985, a decrease of 326, partly due to the purchase of complete sets of rubber

rollers for the three 64-page Congressional Record presses. Molded glue, for bindery use, totaled 76,038 pounds, including

43,605 pounds of flexible glues.

Of glucose-glycol paste, 27,000 pounds were made according to the

formula developed by the Government Printing Office, which is now

in general use by the bookbinding industry.

STUDY OF PHOTO-ENGRAVING MATERIALS

Photo-engraving research studies of the Technical Division during

the year were devoted to materials employed in the processes of photoengraving with a view to standardizing their chemical and physical

properties. Progress was made in the study of dragon's blood, collo- dion, rubber solutions, cold top developer, zinc plates, carbons for

photographic arc lamps, and various chemicals used in photoengraving and offset work.
56 Annual Report of the Public Printer^

An especially interesting development of photo-engraving research was the adaptation of trichromatic photography for the reproduction

of intricate marbled paper designs by the offset process. For this

work, which marks the introduction of color photographic process in

the Government Printing Office, special lithographic inks were made

for the first time by the Technical Division. The marbled papers

thus produced for bindery work have been highly commended for

their artistic and faithful reproductions of the original hand-made

papers.

COOPERATION WITH EMPLOYING BOOKBINDERS

Kesearch cooperation with the Employing Bookbinders of America,

through its research associate assigned to work in the Government

Printing Office laboratory, has continued throughout the year and

is still in progress. Special cooperative studies in connection with

the work of the Government Printing Office were made of binders

board, book cloth, pyroxylin-treated fabric, glue, and bronze stamping

leaf. In his fifth annual report to the convention of the Employing

Bookbinders of America at Chicago on October 26, 1933, the research

associate thus surveyed the year's cooperative work with the Government Printing Office

The 71 requests for information received during the past year far exceeded

that of any previous year. To answer these requests it was necessary to furnish information on some 30 different subjects, ranging from flat-opening

notebooks to patent information concerning the use of zippers on books. Other subjects included in the list are : Printing inks, stamping film, papercutting knives, the publications issued by the Research Division, mold on

leather, rubberized paper, shellac size, glycerine suitable for use in flexible glue,

equipment needed for making flexible glue, linen thread, and numerous other

subjects.

This information service feature of the research work is growing rapidly and

will in time become one of the more important factors in the w^ork. During the past year, a total of 129 samples, an increase of 13 over that of the preceding year, was tested at the request of members of the association. Included in this number are : 41 samples of pyroxylin-treated fabric, 29 of book

doth and buckram, 27 of imitation gold leaf, 12 of glue, 6 of book-end paper, and 12 miscellaneous samples.

RESOLUTION OF BOOKBINDERS' ASSOCIATION

The 1933 convention of the Employing Bookbinders of America

adopted the following resolution expressing appreciation of the

assistance rendered by the Government Printing Office in research

work:

Whereas the Government Printing Office, through Hon. George H. Carter, the United States Public Printer ; Mr. B. L. WehmhofC, former Technical Director,

.and his successor Mr. M. S. Kantrowitz ; and Mr. Martin R. Speelman, Superin-
Annual Report of the Public Printer 57

tendent of the Bindery of the Government Printing OflSce, have extended many

courtesies to the Employing Bookbinders of America and have rendered great assistance to our research associate; and

Whereas, without the aid of these gentlemen and the Government Printing

Office, it would not have been possible for the association to maintain a research

division : Therefore be it Resolved, That the Employing Bookbinders of America, in fourteenth annual

-convention assembled, do sincerely thank Mr. Garter, Mr. Wehmhoff, Mr.

Kantrowitz, and Mr. Speelman and the Government Printing Oflace for all the

^courtesies and assistance rendered the association during the past year. REPORT ON NEWSPRINT AND NEWS INK

The final report on newsprint and news ink by the mechanical

department of the American Newspaper Publishers Association and

the Division of Tests and Technical Control of the Government

Printing Office was published during the year. It has been widely

commended as a most helpful and valuable service to the newspaper

printing industry.

The report contains 86 pages of text and numerous technical

illustrations and charts. It is based on several years of cooperative research studies by B. L. Wehmhoff, former Technical Director,

-and D. P. Clark, associate chemist, of the Government Printing

Office, and D. H. Boyce, research associate of the American Newspaper Publishers Association.

Upon completion of the report, Mr. Boyce returned to the A.N.P.A.

headquarters in New York, but the Government Printing Office is continuing to assist the mechanical department and members of the

A.N.P.A. with tests of newsprint, inks, and type metals, and studies

of other problems submitted from time to time by newspaper publishers. From April 1 to December 15, 1933, 68 tests of newsprint, news ink, type metals, and flux were made for newspapers by the

laboratory of the Government Printing Office. PUBLIC PRINTER ON A.N.P.A. COMMITTEE

Mr. L. B. Palmer, general manager of the American Newspaper

Publishers Association, on May 24, 1933, sent the Public Printer the

following invitation to continue as a member of its mechanical committee, a privilege that was accepted as an opportunity to render

further service to the newspaper industry

This association has always appreciated your kindness in cooperating, in your

-capacity as Public Printer of the Government Printing Office, with our mechanical department, and naturally your advice and assistance to us has been particularly valuable in the work our mechanical department is doing because of your direction of similar work in the Government.

President Davis has therefore asked me to learn from you if you will not continue as a member of our mechanical committee, which, as you know, directs
58 Annual Report of the Public Printer

the affairs of the mechanical department, during your tenure of oflBce, and to President Davis' hope that you will accept this reappointment, I add that of Mr. S. H. Kauffmann, chairman of the committee, and of Mr. Wines and myself.

I shall hope to receive word from you at your convenience that you will accept this appointment.

NEWSPRINT AND INK REPORT SUMMARY

The final report on newsprint and news ink, of which 1,800 copies

have been distributed and a number sold, was printed as Technical

Bulletin No. 18 of the Government Printing Office. The report contains the following summary and statement of its scope

Cooperative research on newsprint and news ink by the United States Govern- ment Printing Office and the mechanical department of the American Newspaper

Publishers Association was started in 1928 pursuant to the following resolution adopted at the Mechanical Conference of the American Newspaper Publishers

Association in Cleveland, June 5-7, 1928:

'* Whereas there is a dearth of mechanical information concerning materials

used in the printing industry, particularly the basic materials, ink and paper;

and

" Whereas a more complete knowledge of printing materials is needed by those engaged in the printing of newspapers; and

" Whereas Public Printer George H. Carter has offered the services and equipment of the Technical Division of the United States Government Printing Office in cooperating with the American Newspaper Publishers Association in a technical investigation of paper, ink, type metals, and other printing materials:

Therefore be it " Resolved, That this offer of the Public Printer should be, and is hereby, ap- proved and accepted by the mechanical division of the American Newspaper

Publishers Association." The association was represented in the laboratory of the Government Printing

Office by a research associate, under the direction of Mr, W. E. Wines, manager

of the mechanical department. PURPOSE OF THE COOPERATIVE RESEARCH

The purpose of the work was to determine those qualities of newsprint and news ink which should be evaluated and controlled in order to obtain the best and most economical results from a printing standpoint and also develop tests by which the publishers could assure themselves that deliveries of paper and

ink were of the desired quality.

Progress reports were presented at the annual conferences of the mechanical

department in 1929, 1930, 1931, and 1932. The 1931 conference was held in the Government Printing Office. A conference of news ink and newsprint paper manufacturers with representatives of the mechanical department of the American Newspaper Publishers

Association and the Government Printing Office was also held at the Govern- ment Printing Office on October 12, 1932. Methods of analysis, value of different

tests, and means of conveying the results to nontechnical men were discussed and a tentative program was prepared for a uniform system of testing news

inks and reporting the results.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 59

The first report was reprinted in part in the Annual Report of the Public

Printer for the fiscal year 1929, the other three were printed as Government

Printing Office Technical Bulletins Nos. 9, 13, and 16. All were printed separately by the mechanical department as Mechanical Bulletins Nos. 30, 43, 60, and 72 for distribution to the members of the American Newspaper Publishers

Association. Most of these reports and bulletins are now out of print, and since the labora- tory research has been brought to a close it is deemed advisable to make a full report, covering all phases of the work done on both newsprint and news ink. The laboratory studies were completed in March 1933, and the American

Newspaper Publishers Association transferred its research associate from the Government Printing Office to headquarters in New York, where he will be in a position to assist members in applying the results of the laboratory work.

Further progress in this work depends on the cooperative efforts of the paper maker, ink maker, and publisher in applying the results of this research work

in actual practice. PUBLIC PRINTER OFFEIRS FURTHER AID In a letter to Mr. L. B. Palmer, general manager of the American Newspaper

Publishers Association, relative to concluding the work. Public Printer Garter wrote

"Although your research associate has been withdrawn from the Government

Printing Office, I wish to assure you and your associates that this Office will be

glad to continue assisting in your technical work in any way that you may deem we can be of service from time to time, and shall be as keenly interested as ever

in your problems." Mr. Palmer replied:

I want to thank you very much for your kind letter of April 21 and to say

that I really appreciate your offer to assist in our technical work from time to time." NEWSPRINT

The study of materials used in the manufacture of newsprint, together with

a study of the paper itself, yielded considerable information concerning the

characteristics to be desired in newsprint which would give good printing results on newspaper presses. It is fully realized that it may not be practicable for the paper maker to meet all these requirements, due to problems which might

arise in the paper mill or to increased manufacturing costs. Fiber composition.—Tests on papers containing various percentages of sul- phite pulp indicate that if the sulphite content is reduced the opacity, surface,

oil absorption, and general printing qualities are improved without serious loss of tensile strength. It is believed that if newsprint can be successfully manufactured entirely of good quality ground-wood pulp, such paper would be much

superior in printing qualities to that of the usual fiber composition.

Smoothness.—This is a most important property from the printing standpoint, and until recently, no method of measuring this property has been available. Results of tests made with the Bekk Smoothness Tester on many samples

of newsprint are reported in this bulletin. They show variations in the surface

of commercial newsprint ranging from 23 seconds to 160 seconds. The average

of over 500 samples was 43 seconds on the wire side and 51 seconds on the

felt side. Such checks on these tests as we were able to make with the printed
60 Annual Report of the Public Printer

sheets indicate that papers giving the higher tests with the Bekk instrument

gave the better printing.

Now that a method of measuring smoothness of paper is available, newsprint

manufacturers will be enabled to measure the smoothness of their product ia

numerical terms. It is hoped that it may be possible in the future to establish a smoothness range for newsprint within which the best printing may be- expected.

It has been established that there is a relationship between the smoothness

of newsprint and the rate of ink absorption as measured by the oil absorptioni

test.Oil aJ)SorpUon.—The rate of oil absorption of newsprint is important sinceit is directly related to offset, ink drying, penetration, smudging, show-through,,

and strike-through. As the smoothness increases, the rate of oil absorption^ decreases (oil absorption time increases). There is, therefore,* an upper limit for smoothness which should not be exceeded. Beyond this point offset and

smudging may be expected. It is also possible that the rate of oil absorption

may be too rapid, which will result in excessive strike-through and show-through..

A proper balance between smoothness and oil absorption, which would yield paper having the greatest smoothness consistent with proper oil absorption, is highly desirable. Strength.—It is believed that the tensile strength test is more informative

than the bursting strength test. The average tensile strength of newsprint in the machine direction is approximately 11 pounds per inch of width. Such data as

are available show that the tension to which paper is actually subjected while

running through the press is about % to 1 pound per inch. It appears that newsprint as now manufactured has a strength factor of safety between 10 and 20. Opacity.—High opacity is obviously a desirable property and it has been found

that the opacity of commercial newsprint varies over rather wide limits. A

number of instruments for measuring this property have recently been devel- oped. It was found that the same papers when tested on instruments of differ- ent design yielded numerical results which varied greatly. Until there is some- agreement as to the most desirable type of instrument, no definite recommendation on this point is possible.

Filler.—Inasmuch as very little commercial newsprint contains clay or filler,, it has not been possible to reach any conclusions as to its effect on the printing,

quality of such paper. It is believed that no definite conclusions can be drawn

from an ash determination. NEWS INK The study of news ink and its relationship to newsprint shows that improvement along some lines would overcome to a considerable extent many of the- present-day complaints on the quality of newspaper printing.

Vehicle.—Mineral oil, the vehicle used in news ink, must possess the requisite

characteristics of length and flow. The results obtained with an experimental

ink indicate, however, that possibly too much attention has been paid to these

characteristics in the past, and that a somewhat shorter ink may be more

desirable. The amount of yellow stain produced by the oil has a marked

effect on the quality of the printed sheet, and should be kept at the minimum.

Pigment.—The grade of carbon black ordinarily used as news ink pigment is of satisfactory quality, but the amount used should be the minimum required to give a good black print. Toner.—Whether or not toner is to be used in a news ink is largely a matterof personal preference. The toner and toner solvent, although present in but:
Annual Report of the Public Printer 61

small amounts, exert a definite effect on the printed work. Excessive amounts

of toner carry the color through the paper to a degree that makes the printing

plainly visible from the reverse side. This is due primarily to the penetrating

effect of oleic acid, the most commonly used toner solvent. Our work indicates that other fatty acids are equally as good as oleic acid in dissolving the dye

toner and do not have as much penetrating effect. General.—Apart from the quality or proportions of the various materials used, the manufacturing processes such as grinding, etc., exert a marked effect on

the working properties of the finished ink. This, of course, has a definite effect on the quality of printing. The users of ink are more interested in the working qualities of the ink and the results obtained than in the actual ingredients

used in its manufacture.

TRIBUTE TO FORMER TECHNICAL DIRECTORS

Although regretting the loss of their valuable services to the Government, the Public Printer is pleased and proud of the recognition

that has been deservedly accorded the ability of Mr. Edward O. Keed

and Mr. B. L. Wehmhoff, the first two Technical Directors of the

Di^dsion of Tests and Technical Control.

Mr. Keed, who had assisted the Public Printer in the organization

and operation of the Technical Division during the first 7 years of

its service to the Government Printing Office and the printing industry, resigned on October 15, 1929, to become director in charge of

technical control of the paper mills of Crane & Co., at Dalton, Mass.

Mr. Wehmhoff, who was Mr. Reed's assistant and successor as Technical Director, resigned on July 5, 1933, to take charge of the

newly created technical division of the W. F. Hall Printing Co., at Chicago.

Thus, two great organizations in the paper and printing industrieSy

respectively, have expressed appreciation of the work of the Government Printing Office by selecting in succession as their technical

directors men whose experience and knowledge in the application of

scientific research to the printing industry was acquired under the

direction of the Public Printer.

PROCUREMENT, STORES, AND DELIVERY

Purchasing, hauling, and storage of the vast amount of materials

required in the work of the Government Printing Office and the

delivery of its multitudinous products are important activities requiring capable management and efficient service, which was rendered as usual during the fiscal year 1933. The Purchasing Agent placed 6,138 purchase orders, a decrease

of 2,581, and issued approximately 16,750 requests for open-market

proposals, a decrease of 3,000. The total expenditures for purchases

for the fiscal year 1933 amounted to $2,710,718.20, a decrease of

$1,819194.79.
62 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The work of the Purchasing Division i,s further shown by 151,000

entries on stock cards during the year. The Division reports a saving of $29,582.29 for the year in the

advantageous placing of its orders and in the transfer of surplus

materials.

Contracts for paper and envelops awarded by the Joint Committee on Printing for the year beginning March 1, 1933, showed a reduction of approximately $450,000 based on the .same quantity as purchased in the preceding year. CHANGE OF TIME FOR PAPER CONTRACTS

With the regular sessions of Congress beginning in January hereafter, the Public Printer has recommended to the Joint Committee

on Printing that the paper contract year be changed from March 1 to July 1 so as to conform to the standard fiscal year of the Government and simplify the cost accounting and scale of prices for the

Government Printing Office. The Delivery and Stores units received 973 carloads of paper and

materials which, with the less-than-car lots and commercial truck

deliveries, totaled 41,196,820 pounds gross weight.

Local deliveries by the fleet of Government Printing Office trucks

carried 110,710 orders, or approximately 360 daily.

Outgoing freight, principally rejected paper, returned cores, and

type metals, totaled 8,594,794 pounds, a decrease of approximately

1,000,000 pounds, due principally to smaller shipments of paper to Government field services.

The principal task of the Stores Division, aside from the receipt

and storage of all materials and supplies delivered to the Government Printing Office, is filling orders for the thousands of items

carried in stock for every activity of the entire establishment. Storekeeper's orders for paper numbered 59,500 and for other materials

30,738, as shown by entries for the year on the control cards of the

Purchasing Division.

The Stores Division also issued 9,667,428 copies of standard printed

forms from its stock for departmental use. MAINTENANCE DIVISION SERVICES

The work of the Maintenance Division includes

Maintaining buildings and equipment in an efficient operating condition ; Handling all problems of an engineering character

;

Preparing specifications for new machinery and equipment

;

Carrying through with its own units, or by contract, building alter- ations and repairs;
Annual Report of the Public Printer 63

Designing, constructing, and installing special machinery and

equipment to meet unusual requirements

;

Operating all machinery and equipment for power conversion and

distribution, emergency electric generating, heating, lighting, ventilating, refrigerating, compressed-air service, signal systems, elevators, conveyors, laundry, and cleaning of buildings.

DECREASE OF EXPENSES FOR MAINTENANCE

A decrease of $358,456.40 was made in the gross operating cost of

the Maintenance Division for the fiscal year 1933, which totaled

$932,289.38, as compared with $1,290,745.78 for the preceding year. Deducting payments to the Capitol Power Plant of $112,562.08 and

direct charges of $260,989.17 for services to other divisions and the

City Post Office, the net cost of maintenance applied to all productive

divisions was $671,300.21, a decrease of $305,033.08.

A further decrease of $72,316.92 was made in the operating ex- penses of the Maintenance Division for the first 5 months of the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1933, with a total of $338,882.41, of which

$27,369.60 was paid to the Capitol Power Plant and $85,485.59

charged for services to other divisions and the City Post Office. The value of work completed by the Maintenance Division, including general upkeep of buildings, new projects, and routine jobs, was

$372,609.01, a decrease of $89,090.64 for the year. Contract work, including alterations to buildings, cost $27,704.83, a decrease of $120,335.38.

The total charges for all maintenance work, including alterations

and repairs to buildings, machinery, etc., was $400,313.84, a decrease

of $209,426.02.

The daily average number of employees on the rolls of the Mainte- nance Division, including the carpenter, painting, electrical, machine,

power, pipe, sheet-metal, buildings, elevator, and cleaning units, was

375, a decrease of 20. REDUCTION IN MAINTENANCE LABOR COSTS

The compensation of these employees totaled $708,362.82 for the

year, a decrease of $73,568.40. Of the total compensation, $74,424.20 was impounded by the Economy Act as a further saving to the

Treasury, making the actual labor cost for the Maintenance Division

$147,992.60 less than for the preceding year. After several years of active building operations, including the new extension completely and fully occupied in 1932, the work of

the Maintenance Division has resumed a somewhat normal routine,

but now has approximately 20 percent additional floor space and

correspondingly more machinery and equipment to maintain in

proper condition.

21674—34 5
64 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The gross floor space occupied by the Government Printing Office totals 974,777 square feet, including 14,417 square feet of space used

by branches in the Capitol and the Library of Congress.

The principal building improvement during the year was the construction of a one-story warehouse extension, for which Congress

authorized an expenditure of not to exceed $25,500 as requested hy

the Public Printer. The new extension contains 5,494 square feet of floor space, w^ith a basement room for oil tanks, and has an auto- matic elevator giving access to the basement of the main building.

The brick, steel, and concrete work was completed on September 8, 1933.

NEW WAREHOUSE EXTENSION FACILITIES

The warehouse extension provides much-needed facilities for the

storage and issue of gasolines, oils, and building materials, and the

storage of unserviceable equipment and refuse awaiting disposal.

Gasolines and oils are issued from 25 measuring pumps. All the

highly inflammable or explosive items are stored in underground

tanks which have outdoor filling connections, while the nonexplosive

items are stored in tanks directly under the pump room. An adjacent room has been provided for the storage of acids.

Among the new activities of the Maintenance Division during the

year were several surveys for the purpose of improving conditions

in the old buildings. These surveys had been delayed by the more

important construction work and the accompanying movement of

equipment.

A survey was completed of electrical equipment. The power

demand of each one of the 2,200 motors has been recorded for use in

determining operating .schedules in any emergency requiring temporary reduction of power.

ELECTRICAL EIRE HAZARDS ARE REDUCED

The Electrical Section also overhauled all the wiring throughout

the old buildings and power plant, removing unused power circuits

and modernizing active circuits to reduce the fire hazards. During

the year the Electrical Section handled 31,189 jobs, of which 283 were new installations.

The removal of a large amount of dead plumbing and piping in the

basements and numerous service shafts was the result of another

survey which improved conditions in the main and old buildings.

The Pipe and Sheet Metal Section, which had charge of this work^

reported a total of 5,805 jobs during the year, including the installation of automatic temperature controls on the steam-heated wax

kettles and case-stripping table in the Platemaking Division.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 65

A survey of every machine in the plant was made to ascertain

whether additional safeguards were needed to protect the operators

from unnecessary hazards. In the survey of 3,741 machines and

motors, 3,558 were found to be properly guarded. Eecommenclations were submitted for added safety devices on 183 other machines. The

surve}' was also of value in pointing out hazardous features to operators so that the}^ may be on their guard against possible injurj^

Machinists are likewise constantly at work reconditioning and improving machinery and equipment throughout the Office. Repairs to machinery and equipment in 1933 cost $104,972.68, an increase of

$7,402.29 over the preceding year. A total of 47,302 jobs of all kinds were done during the year by the Machine Section.

4 4 NEW ALL-METAL. IMPOSING TABLES

The Machine Section recently built 44 all-metal imposing tables of

uniform size and design to replace old wooden tables, the iron tops

of which were reground for further use. The new imposing " stones " are also fitted with metal drawers and suspensions made by the

Sheet Metal Section.

Another good job that the Machine Section did for the Printing

Division was the construction of a number of skeleton chases for

vertical presses on which several hundred discarded Gordon chases can now be used. This economical plan was proposed by the foreman

of the job composing section, who had found the unused chases in a general overhauling of his section.

Important improvements were made during the year on a number

of machines by redesigning troublesome parts and adding devices to do work for which the machine was not originally designed.

Radical changes were made in the operations of the " perfect

binder, insuring firmer gluing of the covers and more careful delivery

of the books to the specially designed carrier, which reduces handling

and insures a better product.

in^t:ntive w^ork of mechanics

Other examples of the inventive work done by Government mechanics may be seen on recently installed web presses, which have

been equipped with effective roller oil-wiping devices to prevent ink

smudges or smears, and with guards to protect the pressmen while

feeding sheets into the folders. A number of folding machines have been equipped with " tipping " devices to paste any size sheet from the minimum to the maximum

capacity of the machines. The devices have effected a saving of

approximately 25 percent in the cost of this work, owing to faster

production. The idea was suggested by the bindery and worked out

by the machine shop.

J
66 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The carpenter, paint, and building sections also performed their

full share of the work of the Maintenance Division during the year. The Carpenter Section handled a total of 36,117 jobs, notwithstanding a 50 percent reduction in its force during the last 2 years. In- cluded in the carpenter work was the making of 10,057 boxes, for

which 160,608 board feet of lumber was reclaimed from other boxes

received with shipments of paper and materials. The carpenter

shop also built and repaired numerous work cabinets, tables, and

racks and made all the wooden " furniture " used in the Printing

Division.

SERVICES RENDERED BY POWER SECTION

A vital part of the Maintenance Division, and, indeed, of the

entire plant, is the Power Section, which operates as a substation of

the Capitol Power Plant where the electric current for light and

power and steam for heating and industrial purposes are produced.

The current and steam are conveyed through a tunnel 7,014 feet in

length to the Government Printing Office for conversion and distri- bution by the substation.

The electric current used in the fiscal year 1933 decreased 599,969

kilowatt-hours, with a total of 6,612,302 kilowatt-hours. The cost of

electric current decreased from $113,355.38 to $80,205.18, a difference

of $33,150.20, or 29.3 percent. The lower cost was partly due to a material reduction in the rate of charges by the Capitol Power Plant

and to a decrease in cost of substation operations. The installation

of an additional converter obtained as surplus from the Bureau of

Engraving and Printing aided in the reduced cost. Steam consumption decreased 6,124,811 pounds, with a total of

54,982,866 pounds, costing $23,697.62 for the year, a saving of

$2,639.77, or 10.02 percent.

Gas consumption likewise decreased, amounting to 6,381,700 cubic

feet, or 937,000 cubic feet less than were consumed in the preceding

year. The expenditure for gas in 1933 totaled $4,472.44. It is used largely for heating metal furnaces.

SANITARY SECTION KEEPS PLANT CLEAN

To complete the record of the Maintenance Division for the year

requires mention of the Sanitary Section, which operates a laundry

in addition to the daily cleaning of the entire plant. The laundry

washed and ironed 1,138,446 hand towels during the year so as to provide a clean towel daily for every employee. In addition, 41,341

pounds of greasy rags were washed; a worth-while saving in the

large quantity of wiping rags necessary to a printing plant.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 67

MECHANICAL PROGRESS OF THE PLANT

Supplementing his annual report, the Mechanical Superintendent

has submitted the following comprehensive and informative state- ment of the mechanical progress that has been made by the Government Printing Office, nearly all in the last 12 years:

Rapid progress lias been made in recent j^ears in the mechanization of many

operations between the starting and finishing of a printing job in the Govern- ment Printing Ofiice. To realize what has been accomplished, it will be of inter- est to note facilities and equipment available when tlie Office was established. A 5-year-old plant, evidently well equipped for its period, was taken over on March 4, 1861. It contained a job composing room, proofreading room, press room, wetting and drying rooms, bindery room, folding room, machine shop, and

oflace. There were also a boiler house and a stable. Among the items listed in the inventory were 1 timepiece, 5 wrenches, one

40-horse engine, 104 press boards, 2 wetting tubs, and a fair assortment of book

and job type. The proofreading room had 8 armchairs, 2 pine desks, and 1 mahogany desk. The bindery had a few machines, with only 2 ruling and 2 cutting machines.

The bindery inventory included 10 pairs of shears, 4 bodkins, and other minor

equipment.

The pressroom had 23 Adams presses and 3 cylinder presses. With the stable came 2 horses, 1 wagon, and 1 carry-all. The boiler house

had one 60-horsepower boiler, 525 feet of fire hose, 5' buckets, etc. As the demands for printing increased, several additional buildings were

erected which ranged in height from four to seven stories. In 1904 an eightstory building, now called the main building, was completed. An extension to this building was completed in 1930 at a cost of $1,250,000. The total floor- area of the group is now 960,360 square feet, exclusive of space occupied in the Capitol and Library of Congress. The present plant valuation including

equipment is $10,575,000.

IMPRO\'T^MEINTS IN THE POWER HOUSE

The present power house, centrally located in the group of buildings, provides

and distributes service essential to every one of the 1,586 pieces of productive

machinery and equipment, and 2,155 motors. The only prime movers in the power house are two diesel engines which were

obtained by transfer from the Navy Department. These units were installed for standby service and have sufficient capacity to carry the load for producing

the Congressional Record and other rush printing. By distributing the work

over 24 hours it would be possible to carry on all the normal office production. For regular operation, however, the steam and electricity for heating, lighting, and industrial purposes are supplied by the Government-owned Capitol

Power Plant, located a mile and a quarter away. Steam mains are carried through a tunnel system adjacent to which are ducts carrying the 6,600-volt

electric feeders. Transformers in the power house step down this voltage, and

converters change part of it into 115- and 230-volt direct current. Alternating current is used for most electric heating and some motor applications, while

direct current operates most of the machinery and equipment throughout the

plant.
68 Annual Report of the Public Printer

In addition to tlie power transforming, converting, and distributing equipment, the power bouse contains air compressors, beating system vacuum

pumps, water-service pumps, water heaters, refrigerating machines, and storage

batteries. Compressed air is distributed throughout the buildings at 50-ponnds gage

pressure which is suflScient for most work. It is reduced by automatic valves where lower pressures are required. There are, however, a few isolated appli- cations for which this pressure is not sufficient or not economical, and these are taken care of by small automatic compressors. For example, the 50-pound

pressure is not adequate on book presses and for this application a small auto- matic machine is provided at the point where this service is needed. A small automatic compressor also supplies air for door operation of a group

of elevators where 24-hour service is maintained. This small machine obviates the need for running one of the large compressors in the power house and

keeping service on the whole system when the office is not working.

Another special compressed-air application is that of agitating electroplating

solutions. Here a multistage blower supplies a large quantity of air at a few

pounds pressure, at a considerable saving as compared w^tb the cost of supplying reduced high-pressure air. The multistage blower also has the important

advantage, in this instance, of delivering air free from oil, which the conventional type of air compressor cannot do. A battery of pumps supplies and circulates cooled water for drinking purposes, hot water, also water for industrial applications, and direct high-pressure

service to the Cafeteria,

The new water-supply systems have been installed with a view tO' economy of operation, both in the matter of reusing water for industrial purposes which

has passed through cooling jackets of air compressors, refrigerating machines,

typesetting machines, molds, casting boxes, etc., and in the matter of economy

in the use of power. The latter has been accomplished by careful selection of pump sizes, using small pumps for night service, automatic pressure control on

continuous service, and automatic start and stop control on service supplying

storage tanks. Recent installation of the latter control shows a saving in

electric power of more than $5,000 per year. From the power house is also supplied refrigeration for drinking water, and

electric power from storage batteries to operate fire-alarm and guard-patrol

systems, time stamps, and work bells, HANDLING AND STORING MATERIALS Handling and storing materials, and particularly paper, is an important part

of the work in the operation of Uncle Sam's big print shop. Items carried in regular stock, including materials entering directly into the product and other

materials, supplies, and repair parts, total approximately 20,000 different stock

items. There are 700 items of paper, ranging from 100 percent rag stock to newsprint and kraft wrapping paper. Included in this number of items are

necessarily a variety of stock sizes to meet various requirements.

Daily average of incoming shipments has been approximately 5 carloads, but it is not uncommon to have as many as 20 carloads in the freight yards at the beginning of a work day following the closing for a holiday and week-end.

Until recent years all material was handled by manual labor. A few two- wheeled and four-wheeled trucks in addition to horse-drawn wagons formed the material-handling equipment. Block-and-fall was used for lifting heavy loads, and bajes of waste paper w^ere loaded by use of a team of horses hitched to a rope carried over a series of pulleys. Then a hand block-and-fall was attached
Annual Beport of the Public Printer 69

to a carrier which rolled along an I-beam. After an object had been raised it could be moved along the I-beam to a desired position and lowered. Next came

the electric hoist ; first it was in a fixed position, then attached to a carriage

moved by hand, and finally to the motor-propelled type. The traveling bridge crane operated from a cab is a full development of this particular material- handling device. The first outstanding labor-saving equipment consisted of hand-operated tier- ing machines, which to some are known as " stackers " or " portable elevators." The hand-operated machine was superseded by the electrically operated one, the modern types of which are telescoping.

During the last 10 years several other modern and novel material-handling

devices have been added to the equipment. The Printing Office was one of the

early users of lift trucks and skids for hauling sheet paper around the plant.

Our earliest lift trucks were cranked up and down. These have been superseded

by the conventional types in which the load is lifted by means of the truck

handle. For the longer hauls, bringing new stock from stores, electric lift trucks are

used. For long hauls in the basement an electric tractor with a fleet of

trailers have replaced the use of hand-propelled stevedore trucks. Much of the stacking of rolls and cases of paper which was formerly done

by use of tiering machines is handled with electric crane trucks. Booms and

tongs for this work have been specially devised for operation in low headroom.

The tongs which are necessarily heavy have a latching arrangement so that as soon as the roll or case of paper has been deposited in the desired place the tongs are latched open and no manual labor is required to lift the tongs

clear of their load. Since a large part of the heavy paper stock is stored in the basement of the main building, the length of which together with the extension is nearly 600

feet, special arrangements were made in the recently completed extension to receive paper shipments. FEEIGHT ELEVATOR FOR LOADED MOTOR TRUCKS A large freight elevator with a capacity of 32,000 pounds carries loaded automobile trucks to the basement. Here the trucks drive ofC into a pit the depth of which brings the floor of the truck level with the basement floor. A three-motor bridge crane picks rolls or boxes ofC the truck and places them

on trailers which are hauled away by the tractor and stacked by equipment

previously mentioned. The truck floor being at the level of the basement floor means that very little hoisting and lowering is necessary. It also makes

possible the easy loading or unloading of any heavy machinery.

The buildings have 29 elevators, including modern high-speed passenger cars with automatic floor leveling. Freight elevators in general have 5,000 pounds

capacity, but one can carry loads up to 20,000 pounds.

Several automatic dumb waiters are installed for special services. One

pair carries all forms between the composing rooms and press rooms.

Several belt conveyor systems are also used. One of these is used for carrying mail sacks from the Government Printing Office to the City Post Office, a distance of 1,000 feet. Loading points are conveniently located, so that no

hauling of mail sacks is necessary within the building.

Another of these belt conveyor systems provides 2-way service between

several points on different floors in different buildings. On this system all material is carried in boxes which are automatically switched to go to the

station for which intended. The principal service of this system is to carry
70 Annual Report of the Public Printer

publications from stockrooms to the Superintendent of Documents' salesroom,

and records from the file room to the Accounts Division. A belt conveyor is also used to carry galleys of type from the monotype cast- ing room to the assembling room. The feature of this conveyor is the smooth

motion of the canvas belt obtained by its sliding over a solid wood bed. Belts

carried on rollers always produce an up and down rocking motion when small

objects are carried. IMPROVED HANDLING OF WASTE PAPER

Great improvements have been effected in the handling of waste paper. Trim

from cutting machines is collected in box trucks and dumped in chutes which

terminate near the baling presses in the basement. Waste paper from all con- tinuous trimmers is conveyed pneumatically from hoppers in each machine to roomlike bins adjacent to the baling presses. A separate duct runs from each

machine to the baling room, where a switching arrangement is provided so that

the trim from any machine can be discharged into any desired bin. In this way the different classes of waste paper are kept separate. The

market price thus exceeds what it would be if all classes were mixed together.

Receipts for" waste paper thus separated amounts to approximately $35,000

annually, whereas if it were all mixed it would sell for much less. Baling press operators are kept informed of the class of paper coming from

each machine by means of light signals. They are likewise warned when the

class is to be changed and what change is to be made. Thus, one or more machines may be cutting the same class of paper and all discharging the trim into the same bin, or they may be cutting different kinds of paper, in which case

the trim goes into different bins. The baling presses have been equipped with pneumatic tampers which avoid

the former unhealthy task of tramping by foot the paper into the baling hopper.

With the same baling presses one man can now produce a bale of about 60O

pounds weight in about a fourth of the time formerly required by two men to produce a bale weighing between 400 and 500 pounds.

Pneumatic tube systems are used to carry copy and proofs between the proof

and composing rooms, and in the Office of the Superintendent of Documents to carry correspondence and stock cards between clerical groups located in different buildings. Duct systems of conventional design also collect and convey sawdust and

shavings from woodworking machines in the carpenter shop, box shop, and

wood-blocking room of the Platemaking Division. DUST-COLLECTING SYSTEM FOE PRESS A specially designed dust-collecting system, the first in this country, has been

installed within the past year on one of the double-deck rotary magazine printing presses. This system is operated by a 3-stage centrifugal exhauster having

6-inch pipe connections and driven by a direct connected. 3,600 r.p.m. 20-horse- power motor. These figures show that it is truly a high-powered system. A

lower powered system first tried out which followed standards used in sawdust

collecting proved inadequate.

The system as now in operation removes dust which originates at the rotary

disks which slit the web longitudinally, and at the cutting cylinder which shears

the paper. Collecting orifices or nozzles are also provided which collect dust along the edges of the product as it moves on tapes to the press delivery. No

provision is made for removing dust from the unwinding stock roll, this having

been considered unnecessary. The , collecting system on the press consists of standard pipe with vacuum

cleaner fitting for readily applying and removing the dust-collecting attach- ments so as to make all parts of the press accessible for adjustment and repair.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 71

Dust-collecting attachments are only put in place for slitters actually in use on any particular run, thus providing a maximum of vacuum and cleaning for the

points at which dust is actually originating. Clean-outs and convenient outlets are also provided for the attachment of flexible hose for use with hand tools for general clean-up. All collecting orifices have been most carefully designed. The

disk slitters are almost completely enclosed. The whole system is very effective, removing probably more than 90 percent of the dust created. MECHANIZATION OF THE METAL BOOM

The remelting and reconditioning in the metal room of a daily average of 14

tons of linotype and monotype metal required arduous manual labor until a mechanical system was worked out and installed to load and pour the metal. Linotype metal and, to a lesser degree, monotype metal do not lend themselves to handling by such standard equipment as bucket elevators, nor if stored in bins

will they flow out by gravity unless they are allowed to move in a single mass. An arrangement tried out for elevating hand trucks carrying a thousand

pounds of metal and dumping directly into a metal pot was found objectionable because of the danger of splash from this quantity dropping into already

molten metal. Bottom pouring of metal pots was also tried out with unsatis- factory results. Valves and swivel joints subjected to the heat of the furnace and molten metal gave much trouble. Hand ladling of the molten metal was

therefore the standard practice.

Filling the pots by hand shoveling and emptying by hand ladling have now

been replaced by successful mechanical means. A balcony has been installed above the metal pots to which trucks, each

containing 1,000 pounds of type metal, are carried by one of the building ele- vators. When a pot is ready for filling, these trucks are dumped one at a time on a slowly moving apron-type conveyor. Dumping of the trucks is accomplished by engaging the hook of an electric hoist with the handle of the box

truck. The box trucks, built of heavy angle-iron frames with sheet-steel plates,

have swivel casters at the handle end and stationary casters at the other end. The end opposite the handle is hinged and has a sturdy latch, which is released when the truck is ready for dumping. Elevating the handle end causes the type metal to flow out on the slowly moving apron conveyor. As the metal

reaches the end of the conveyor it falls off in a fairly steady stream into a chute and into the metal pot. Three 9-ton metal pots each with a separate loading conveyor are in service. They are heated by efficient gas burners having automatic control. Molten

metal is pumped out of the pots into water-cooled ingot molds arranged in an

arc about the pots. These pumps are of the sump well type, electrically driven,

and discharge through a swiveling spout which the operator moves from mold

to mold. An electric switch mounted in the handle of the swiveling spout controls the flow of metal. The metal room is operated under direction of the Technical Director and

each pot of metal is analyzed and any necessary corrections made before it is poured into ingots. DEVELOPMENTS OF PEODUCTION DIVISIONS Reference has here been made to the early history of the Government Printing

Office and some engineering developments, more particularly in the material

handling field, have been described. Advances in the crafts specifically applying

to the production of printed matter also have been outstanding.

The largest division in the Office is the Printing Division, which performs

all work necessary to put manuscripts or copy into type form. All typesetting
72 Annual Report of the Public Printer

was done by hand until 1904 when the first typesetting machines were installed

in the OflSce. Now there are in use 406 such machines, including 174 linotypes, 100 monotype keyboards, 130 monotype and 2 Ludlow casting machines. During

the fiscal year 1932 they produced 2,790,245,000 ems of type, also necessary leads,

rules, slugs, and spacing material. By comparison this would fill 78,550 pages of an 8-column newspaper set in 7-point type. The Platemaking Division is equipped to cast stereotype plates and to produce

copper, nickel, and chromium electrotypes. The quantity of each is in the order named. New copper electrotyping equipment has features of especial interest. Two semiautomatic tanks each have a capacity of 30 cases and 1,250 gallons of

solution. Each contains a conveyor system which carries cases to be plated from

the loading point at one end to the rear and back to the loading point. Conveyors

are set to operate at a speed such that when a case has made one complete

circuit around the tank it has received the proper deposit and is ready for removal. The solution is agitated by air supplied by multistage blowers, insuring freedom

from oil, and the temperature is automatically controlled by thermostats which

admit steam or cold water into lead coils in the bottom of each tank. Current

for plating is supplied by a generator for each of these tanks having a capacity

of 7,500 amperes, at 6 to 8 volts. Many platemaking processes have been mechanized. Improved machinery has

replaced many hand operations and crude machinery formerly used. Plate

straightening is done partly with machines having power-driven hammers. The

chisel and hammer operation of removing surplus material is now done quicker,

better, and safer with the routing machine. The shaving of backs of plates, once performed on a crude machine having a knife driven by a hand-turned

wheel, is now performed on motor-driven combination roughing and shaving

machines.

Electrotypers will recall that it was necessary to keep the wheel turning and

knife moving on the old shaving machines, as any stop produced a ridge on back

of the plate being shaved. Beveling was performed by means of a hand plane

set in a groove. Sometimes the knife was set at the proper angle, but in most

cases the plate was tilted to the approximate angle and frequent accidents cut

off letters. Beveling machines now have saw-cutting heads capable of beveling

accurately and rapidly plates of either copper or nickel. The process called " bumping " came into use about 10 years ago. Subjecting

the plates to a high pressure in what is called a " solidifying " press removes many inequalities wiiich were formerly left to the finisher to remove by hand. The blocking room has also seen improvements in woodworking machinery,

including saws, planers, and nailing machines, and an efficient dust collecting

system for removing shavings and sawdust which formerly filled the air. GREAT INCKEIASE IN PRINTING PRESSES

Since 1861, when the inventory showed " 23 Adams presses and 3 cylinder presses ", the improvements in printing have been truly marvelous. The Gov- ernment Printing Oflice now operates a total of 192 presses, including 24 rotary

web presses. Three of the latter are of special design to print the daily proceedings of Congress—the Congressional Record. This daily publication varies from 8 pages up to more than 200 pages. The Record presses have web dampening

boxes with electrically operated valves which automatically turn steam on and

off. Web dampening saves ink, and produces better printing with less strike through. The presses can paste or wire stitch and deliver stitched copies up
Annual Beport of the Public Printer 73

to 64 pages. Larger editions are gathered and wire stitched on a separate

machine. These presses are each capable of printing and stitching up to 64 pages at the rate of 12,(X)0 copies per hour. Four other latest design magazine web presses print long runs of half-tone work. They are equipped with rolls and oiling rollers to prevent offset or smear. A wire-stitching attachment is part of the press. Capacity of each,

10,000 copies per hour. Several offset presses are used, including a perfecting press to print on both

sides of the sheet at the same time. Money orders and postal cards are also printed on web presses, three of the

postal card presses having a capacity of 384,000 cards per hour or 6,400 per

minute.

Statistical tabulating cards are printed on a battery of 16 special presses, each baving a capacity of 12,000 impressions per hour. Horizontal and vertical presses of recent design form important groups for job work.

Several envelop presses, which open envelop flaps, print the envelops, then

close the flaps and deliver at the rate of 15,000 per hour, are of particular

Interest because of the high capacity of a remarkably small press. Until these

presses were installed this work was done on larger presses at much lower

speeds.

MANY NETW MACHINES IN THE BTNDEKY A greater variety of operations is found in the Bindery than in any other pro- duction division of the Government Printing Office. During the past 12 years 111 new machines have been installed in that division. Some of these have replaced worn-out or obsolete machines, but a great many have replaced hand operations.

The majority of these new machines are standard equipment. A few, however,

have special interest. Two tjTpes of three-knife trimmers for trimming books and pamphlets have

been improved by added air attachments to clear the knives running certain kinds of paper. Extension of the feeding trough on one of these types makes

possible better jogging and increased production.

A recently installed one-knife trimmer for trimming and gang cutting has a novel feature in a belt-conveyor delivery, which carries the work away from the

cutting knife and directly to wrappers without any intermediate handling.

Two pamphlet-wrapping machines of a new design are in operation, the novel feature of which is their ability to fold-wrap thin or flexible pamphlets and

flat-wrap thick or stiff pamphlets. They are capable of delivering 6,000 to 8,000

pamphlets with wrappers per hour. Five cutting machines are equipped with spacing devices by which the back

guides may be set to automatically space cuts of any desired width. Eight single-arm, straight-needle book-sewing machines have automatic

pasting devices. A folding machine with two feeders folds two 16-page signatures, inserts for one 32-page signature, and stitches the same into a paper cover. A rounding and backing machine has been successfully connected to a crashing, lining, and head banding machine in such a way that each machine can be

operated separately, or the two operated as a single unit performing six different operations.

A forwarding machine attaches crash and lining paper to books, pastes end

papers, attaches cases or book covers to books, and piles the books into air presses.
74 Annual Report of the Public Printer

A book cover stamping press is self-feeding and lias attachment for using

roll stamping materials. The disc paper-ruling machine rules sheets both sides, one way, in one operation. It is equipped with a self-feeder for sheets and a roll feeder with cut-off to cut sheets to required widths, also with an inserter or feeder by which

separating sheets of paper or card may be inserted. A perforating machine using one set of punch tools for a line of perforations, or a multiple of tools for several lines, carries sheets through the machine

automatically. It is also arranged for struck or part-line work.

A " perfect " binding machine has been improved in several important details since its installation. An additional book clamp, new roughers, and new glue

rollers mounted in such a way as to first bend the back of the book to one side and then to the other forcing glue down between leaves, produces a far superior gluing job. A new feeder cover trip was also devised. A new side deliv- ery holds books squarely on their backs, preventing ill-shaped books. These

improvements increased production with stronger binding and a better-shaped

book. BUILDING PROJECT FOR PUBLIC WORKS BOARD

The need of replacing the older buildings of the Government

Printing Office with modern fireproof structures, as stated in prior

reports of the Public Printer, becomes more urgent every year. The Public Printer therefore availed himself of an opportunity to present this project to the Special Board of Public Works through

its chairman, Hon. Harold L. Ickes, and the Secretary of Commerce, Hon. Daniel C. Koper, to whom the following letter was

addressed on June 30, 1933

In reply to the letter of June 29, 1933, from Mr. Fred E. Schnepfe, Assistant

to the Temporary Administrator of Public Works, suggesting that the Govern- ment Printing Office submit projects for the program of construction and reconditioning, I am pleased to submit the following

New 'building to be located at North Capitol and H Streets NW., to replace

antiquated buildings, $3,500,000.

Enclosed extracts from my annual reports of 1930 and 1931 state in detail the need for a new building. Briefly, the requirement is for a modern fireproof

building to replace a group of old buildings, dating back to 1856, which have

highly inflammable wooden interiors and inadequate capacity. Structural conditions are such that tierods have had to be installed to support walls and

intermediate posts placed to strengthen floors, the loading of which have been

greatly restricted as the result of an inspection made by Army engineers many

years ago. These old buildings house Important workrooms and provide storage space for approximately 20,000,000 Government publications ; also large stocks of paper and other materials used in the daily production of the Government Printing

Office. From preliminary plans, the Supervising Architect's Office reported, in February 1931, that $4,000,000 would be adequate for this project. With reduced construction costs, $3,500,000 is now considered adequate.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 75

A bill was introduced into the Seventy-first Congress by Hon. Frank Murphy,

of Ohio, chairman of the subcommittee of the House Committee on Appropriations, for this amount. Members of the committee and officials of the Treasury

Department expressed their approval of the project, but due to the approaching

adjournment of Congress it failed of further consideration.

I earnestly urge the approval of this project, as it is not only needed to pro- vide proper protection for millions of dollars' worth of Government publications,

materials, and supplies but also for important workrooms.

APPROVED BY JOINT COMMITTEE CHAIRMAN

The Public Printer's proposal was approved by the chairman of

the Joint Committee on Printing, Hon. Duncan U. Fletcher, in the

following letter addressed to the Secretary of the Interior under date

of October IT, 1933, for consideration by the Special Board of

Public Works

The Public Printer has submitted to the Joint Committee on Printing

copies of certain correspondence with the Special Board of Public Works and

the Secretary of Commerce, including extracts from the Annual Report of the Public Printer for 1930 and 1931, relative to an allotment of $3,500,000

from the Public Works program for the erection of a new fireproof building

for the use of the Government Printing Office, to replace the old dilapidated storehouse constructed in 1856 which is located at North Capitol and H Streets NW.

The letter of June 30, 1933, addressed to you by the Public Printer fully

sets forth the needs for the construction of this fireproof building, and I might

add that this matter has been discussed among the individual members of the

Joint Committee on Printing for a number of years. This committee heartily endorses and approves of this project because the old building has beeu regarded as a menace to public safety for many years.

It is hoped that your board will give the matter serious and prompt con- sideration in order that the necessary steps may be taken to conform to the requirements of the Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works.

APPRENTICE SCHOOL GRADUATION

The principal event of the year for the Apprentice School was the

graduation of the class of 1933, for whom appropriate exercises were

held in the Government Printing Office Auditorium on the evening of

August 3. More than a thousand persons were present to express

their interest in the graduates and the school. Twentj^-seven j^oung

men who during the year had completed the prescribed courses of

training were presented by the Public Printer with certificates as qualified journeymen in their respective trades, entitling them to- appointments in the Government Printing Office. The Secretary of Commerce, the Hon. Daniel C. Roper, graciouslyaccepted an invitation to address the graduates and their friends and

gave a most encouraging talk in support of technical training for
76 Annual Report of the Public Printer

the Government service. Mr. Koper related how, as Commissioner

of Internal Revenue, he had started a somewhat similar training

school to promote the efficiency of the work then under his supervision. The continued interest which Mr. Roper as Secretary of

Commerce manifested in adequate and proper training for public

service was especially encouraging to the graduates who have endeavored to qualify through the prescribed technical training to become

efficient employees of the Government Printing Office. PROGRAM FOR THE APPRENTICE GRADUATION

The program for the graduation of the class of 1933, was as follows

Washington and Lee Swing Allen Government Printing Office Orchestra

Invocation , Rev. Dr. John Carpenter Palmer

Pastor Washington Heights Presbyterian Church

Remarks of Chairman Mr. John Greene, Deputy Public Printer

1st Scherzo in B Flat Schubert

Piano solo by Miss Jean Guaragna

Address Hon. Daniel C. Roper, United States Secretary of Commerce

A Song of India Rimsky-Korsakoff

Saxophone solo by Alfredo Guaragna

Raleigh W. Christie, accompanist

Remarks of Class President Mr. Charles G. McMahan

Class Prophecy Mr. Milton A. Smith

Selections from the Student Prince Romberg

Government Printing Office Orchestra

Presentation of Diplomas Hon. George H. Carter, Public Printer All-American Girl Lewis

Government Printing Office Orchestra

GRADUATES PRINT AN ARTISTIC BROCHURE

In honor of the occasion an artistic brochure was printed and pre- sented to the guests of the evening and other friends of the graduates.

The booklet attracted special attention on account of its novel cover

of green-white marbled paper, a new offset product recently developed by the Government Printing Office. The typographic lay-out

by a graduate apprentice, Harry W. Kichards, likewise received high

commendation.

In addition to the program and an individual half-tone of each

member of the graduating class, the souvenir booklet gave expression to the following "Appreciation":

To>Ir. Carter, for his efforts in making possible our training through the estabUshment of the apprentice school, for his intense devotion to the cause of
Annual Report of the Public Printer 77

3^oiitla, and for his persistence in ciiampioning good citizenship among those

studj^ing the various crafts ; to Mr, Greene, for his excellent supervision of the

activities of this school; to our instructors, for their painstaking efforts to make of us capable craftsmen; and to the members of the alumni and other journeymen of the office, whose encouragement and assistance have been of great value

:

It is difficult to capture in a few phrases the spirit of gratitude which has an embodiment in the person of everj- member of this class.

Still, embarked as we are upon a new phase of our careers, in the preparation for which you have each and all been important factors, we feel some ex- pression of this appreciation should be forthcoming.

Therefore, it is our earnest hope that in the years to come this spirit will find expression in the excellence of our respective contributions to the product of this greatest of all printing establishments. INLAND PRINTER COMMENDS THE PUBLICATION

It is pleasing to note that the Christmas number (1933) of the

Inland Printer, in its review of notable specimens of printing,

reproduced in colors the cover and title pages of the Government

Printing Office graduation booklet for 1933 with the following

comment

Attractive cover of souvenir booklet issued by Government Printing Office for graduation of apprentices. The label is printed in black on light green stock, pasted to a darker green marbled paper, French folded. This program is typical

of much of the fine printed matter inspired by George H. Carter, Public Printer. Another interesting contribution to the graphic arts by the apprentice school was an eight-page insert of Specimens of Typography in

colors, which was printed for the February (1933) issue of the

American Printer. The lay-out and typography were the products

of printer apprentices, and the presswork was done by Apprentice

Guy O. Long. One of the pages, by Apprentice Orville C. Barchet, was selected by the principal of the New York School of Printing,

Mr. J. Henry HoUoway, for demonstration and instruction in his

school.

APPRENTICE SCHOOL WINS HIGH AWARD

An honor that also came to the printer apprentices of the Government Printing Office during the year was the winning of second

place for a cover page submitted in a Nation-wide competition of

vocational schools held in connection with the Twelfth Annual Conference on Printing Education at Columbia University in New York,

June 26, 27, and 28, 1933. An " award of merit " was granted to the Apprentice School of the

Government Printing Office, with an engrossed certificate signed by

the chairman of the exhibit committee, Mr. Allan Kobinson, principal of the Mergenthaler School of Printing, Baltimore, and
78 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Mr. Fred J. Hartman, director of education, United Typothetae of

America. The winning cover page was the product of Apprentice

William H. Weed.

Included in the report of the Columbia University conference,

published in the November 1933 number of Printing Education, is the

following paragraph

As a tribute to the importance of the conference and because of his interest

in education, Mr. George H. Carter, Public Printer of the Government Printing

Office, flew from Washington and was one of the guests of honor. Bookbinder apprentices have likewise demonstrated their skill as craftsmen with beautiful specimens of their art for the Century of

Progress Exposition at Chicago. The original designs and the

artistic hand-tooling on the fine leather bindings by the apprentices

received high praise by the many visitors to the Government Printing

Office exhibit.

SCHOOL HAS TRAINED 48 8 APPRENTICES

Since the establishment of the Apprentice School by the present

Public Printer on July 5, 1922, a total of 488 apprentices have been

appointed. The number of appointments ranged from 29 the first year to 78 in 1931, the total at any one time being limited by law to

200. No apprentices have been appointed in the last 2 years owing to the large number of journeymen out of work in the printing trades.

Graduates of the school, including the class of 1933, number 283, of

whom 224 are printers, 27 bookbinders, 12 pressmen, 8 electrotypers,

4 stereotypers, 4 photo-engravers, and 4 machinists. Practically all of the graduates are .still employed in the Government Printing

Office, and a number of them have received substantial promotions in

recognition of their outstanding ability and service.

The school enrollment on December 1, 1933, was 117, of whom 83

are printer, 12 bookbinder, 8 pressman, 6 electrotyper, 3 stereotyper,

1 photo-engraver, and 4 machinist apprentices. Of this number,

22 are in their fourth and final year of training.

PRODUCTIVE WORK REDUCES SCHOOL COST

Expenditures for the Apprentice School, including wages, materials, and its share of maintenance and administrative overhead,

amounted to $253,702.05 for the fiscal year 1933, a decrease of

$64,813.88.

In return for their training, the apprentices assisted in work for

which the Office received a total of $191,469.28 during the year. The

net cost of training a daily average of 147 apprentices during the

fiscal year 1933 was thereby reduced to $55,187.25, or an average cost of $37*5 for each apprentice.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 79

Included in the chargeable productive work of the apprentices for

the year were the setting of 68,537,200 ems of type, 155,546 hours of

printing operations, 26,533 hours of presswork, 7,078 hours of bindery

operations, 12,879 hours of platemaking, 2,282 hours of photoengraving, and 7,750 hours of machine shop work.

ACADEMIC STUDIES FOR THE APPRENTICES

Apprentice training in the Government Printing Office also requires

special instruction in certain academic studies, including grammar,

English composition, syllabication, spelling, arithmetic, American

literature, and history of printing, which are deemed essential knowledge for a competent craftsman.

The beneficial results of the additional academic instruction is shown in the better workmanship of the apprentices. Better spelling has resulted in cleaner proofs and consequent saving of correction

time, the school average in spelling for the year being 95.5 percent.

Apprentice Kenneth L. Eomjue has maintained a perfect record

for spelling 2,425 test words since his admission to the school on January 12, 1931. The spelling tests include syllabication, indication

of ligatures and accents, and capitalization.

The academic ratings of the entire school averaged 90.8 percent

for the year, high-school graduates averaging 95.1 percent, and the

others 86.6 percent. The highest average rating for all required

subjects was 96.6 percent, attained by Apprentice George Yates. TEXTBOOK ON " THE MAKING OF A BOOK " The series of apprentice instruction books received a valuable addition during the year with the publication of information on The

Making of a Book, which was prepared under the direction of the

Deputy Public Printer, Mr. John Greene. Succeeding sections of

the textbook are devoted to a typical example of progressive printing operations, planning, illustrations, preparation of copy, composition, platemaking, imposition, presswork, offset printing, binding,

and lay-outs for flat-bed and web presses. The purpose of the book, which is useful to apprentices and

journeymen alike, is stated in the following foreword

This book is designed primarily for the information of students in the Apprentice School of the United States Government Printing Oflace. It is the story of the progressive making of a book, from the receipt of the requisition

to the delivery of the finished product, by the Government Printing Office. The

technical operations required in the making of a book are described in the orderly sequence of its progress through the various manufacturing divisions. Analyses of its physical elements and other related data explain the multitude

of details involved in the production of a modern publication.

21674—34 6
80 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Particular attention is directed to the cliapter on imposition, and tlie relation

wliicli that work bears to subsequent printing and binding operations. This and

similar subjects emphasize the necessity for cooperation and correlation, since a complete understanding between the various manufacturing units is essential

to harmonious production under the most economical methods.

This compilation may also serve the journeyman, as well as be of value to authors, editors, and others who want to familiarize themselves with the manifold phases of the making of a book. COMMENDED BY NEW YORK SCHOOL PRINCIPAL

" The Making of a Book " has been commended as an excellent source of information by many experts and educators in the printing

industry, whose expressions of approval are in accord with the fol- lowing letter from Principal J. Henry Holloway, of the New York

School of Printing, to Deputy Public Printer Greene under date of

April 7, 1933

I was indeed very happy today to receive a copy of the Making of a Book,

no. 10 in the apprentice series. This book will be a very valuable help in the

instruction given in this school, and I am very grateful to you for having sent

it to us. The Apprentice School enjoyed the privilege of greeting a group

of 3 instructors and 8 students of the London School of Printing,

who made a tour of important American printing centers in August

1933 and devoted several days to an inspection of the Government

Printing Office. In honor of the visitors, a special convocation of 500 members of

the school and its alumni and the official staff of the Government

Printing Office was held in Harding Hall on August 18, when inspiring talks were made by the instructors from the London school in

response to their welcome by the Public Printer.

LONDON SCHOOL PARTY VISITS THE OFFICE

As a token of appreciation of the courtesy extended to its representatives, the London School of Printing, through its distinguished

principal, Mr. J. R. Riddell, who likewise has visited the Government

Printing Office in recent years, sent to the Public Printer the following " Greetings ", printed with artistic borders on a large folio of

hand-made paper and enclosed in a handsome cover with appropriate

design

It is desired to place on record our Appreciation and Thanhs for the enthusiastic welcome, and the kindness, extended to the members of the party from the

School, who had the privilege and the esteemed honour of meeting you, during

their recent tour in North America.

They wish to express to you their gratitude for the G-reat Courtesy with

which^ they were greeted ; and the reception accorded to them will remain a memorable and pleasant incident of the tour.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 81

It is their Especial Desire that I should ask your acceptance of this Token of App7'eciation, as an expression of thanks to a friend, who helped to make the

visit not only interesting and informative, but most enjoyable.

The visit will form a closer bond of Fraternal Understanding between us and our fellow craftsmen of Canada and the United States. REVISION OF THE G.P.O. STYLE MANUAL

A new and thoroughly revised Style Manual of the Government

Printing Office was issued by the Public Printer on March 1, 1933,

with the publication of the text unanimously recom^mended by the

Department Advisory Board and the permanent Style Board of

the Government Printing Office. The Manual has already proven so popular and useful that a third

edition is now in process of printing. Of the first two editions,

issued in March and April 1933, the Superintendent of Documents

sold 2,350 copies, and additional orders have necessitated another

reprint. Each reprint is revised to date. An abridged edition of the Style Manual for departmental use was also printed in April with the approval of the Permanent Conference on Printing. Of the abridgment, 4,086 copies were requisitioned by various departments and establishments of the Government,

and 998 copies have been sold to the public.

The new Style Manual was accorded special recognition by the

President of the United States in an Executive Order of August

10, 1933, requiring that the punctuation, capitalization, orthography,

and other matters of style for draft Executive orders and proclamations " shall conform to the most recent edition of the ' Style

Manual of the Government Printing Office.' " An important innovation of the new Style Manual is that, for the

first time in the more than 40 years during which Manuals have been

issued at irregular intervals by the Government Printing Office, representatives of other departments were invited by the Public Printer

to participate in its preparation and requested to make a thorough

revision based upon general principles and modern American usages. TWO BOARDS SUBMIT NEW MANUAL

In transmitting to the Public Printer the text proposed for the new

Style Manual, the two boards subscribed to the following statement

under date of February 7, 1933

Transmitted herewith is the proof of the proposed text of the new Manual of

Style. Your Style Board and the Departmental Advisory Board unanimously

lecommend its adoption and publication.

The draft as recommended comprises certain prior decisions by yoa, general

principles governing each element of style, a few simple rules based upon these

principles, and examples illustrating the application of the principles and rules.
82 Annual Report of the Public Printer

In compliance with your request, a thorough revision has been attempted.

That agreement upon details was not always unanimous is to be expected as long as style usages are in an experimental stage, in which basic principles are

incomplete or do not fully recognize purpose as the determining factor. The English language is changing, and your advisory groups have not ignored

obvious trends in American usages, such as reducing punctuation consistently

with clearness ; rationalizing word formation, especially of compound words

;

wider use of the explicit arable numerals as found desirable in technical text; reduced capitalization of common nouns derived from proper nouns and liberal- ization of capitalization in titles where a distinct purpose is served ; and other

trends. General principles constitute a novel element in style-manual practice. It was found wise to base rules of style on fundamental principles found or formulated as criteria for case decisions. Established practice, however, may

resist change even where the rational decision is clear. We emphasize the belief that rational principles based upon purpose to be

served will bring about an enduring regularization of style to the extent possible

in a developing language. It is believed that such principles should eventually

replace personal judgment, even of experts, and case decisions based on arbi- trary rules. The new Manual of Style hereby submitted will, it is believed, be

a step in this direction. The individual members of your advisory boards in reaching unanimity in recommending the new Manual as a whole necessarily gave up personally pre- ferred usages to gain a more logical basis or a more nearly perfect agreement.

It is hoped that all changes in usage will be found clearly in the direction of an improved style. Respectfully submitted.

Members of Advisory Board : Henry D. Hubbard, Chairman, Assist- ant to the Director, Bureau of Standards, Department of Commerce; Alice M. Ball (with reservations). Office of Historical Adviser, Department of State ; Bernard H. Lane, editor. Geological Survey, Department of the Interior ; Frank D. Smith, Assist^ ant Chief of Publications, Department of Agriculture; W. P. True, editor, Smithsonian Institution. Members of Style Board : H. B. Barnhart, Chairman, Superintendent

of Printing, Government Printing Office; Roscoe E. Baber,

Assistant Foreman Proof Section, Government Printing Office; M. E. Bullock, Foreman Proof Section, Goveniment Printing

Office; V. M. Gifieen, Foreman Proof Section (night), Govern- ment Printing Office ; William Graf, copy editor. Government

Printing Office; E. A. Huse, Night Production Manager, Govern- ment Printing Office; Frank W. Kihlbom, proofreader, Govern- ment Printing Office ; W. A. Mitchell, Superintendent of

Planning, Government Printing Office. The report of the joint boards on Style Manual revision was ac- cepted by the Public Printer with a few modifications deemed essential to preserve uniformity and simplicity in Government printing

as regards geographic names and a definite authority for spelling.

MANUAL PREFACE BY THE PUBLIC PRINTER

The new revision was published March 1, 1933, with the following

preface by the Public Printer, as a historical review of Government
Annual Report of the Public Printer 83

Printing Office Style Manuals and an appreciation of the work of

the members of the Government boards in making the latest edffion

the best of all the Manuals

Section 12 of the act of Congress of June 25, 1S64 (13 Stat. L., 186), provided

that—

The forms and style In which the printing or binding ordered by any of the departments shall be executed, the materials and size of type to be used shall be determined by the Superintendent of Public Printing, having

proper regard to economy, workmanship, and the purposes for which the work is needed. The same language was repeated in section 51 of the Printing Act of January

12, 1895 (U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 216), except the title of Superintendent of Public Printing was changed to Public Printer. In compliance with the law, numerous editions of Style Manuals containing

information and rules concerning uniformity in Government printing have been

issued at various times during the last half century. In earlier years of the Government Printing Office, rules of style were posted

for the information of compositors and proofreaders. Rules governing the printing of patent specifications, with a list of words and technical terms used by

the Patent Office, were published in 1887 by the Government Printing Office. This Style Manual was revised and reissued in 1896. In the meantime, a Manual of Style Governing Composition and Proofreading in the Government

Printing Office was prepared under the direction of the Public Printer and published in 1894. This book was the beginning of the regular series of Style

Manuals for Government printing.

The Manual issued in 1894 contained 40 pages of rules relating to orthography,

capitalization, compounding, tabular work, bills and other congressional publications, and suggestions for compositors, readers, and revisers. The preface to the first Style Manual stated that " clear and positive rules for composition and

proofreading are needed in printing offices to prevent confusion and unnecessary

delay and expense." Department editors were requested to make their copy conform as nearly as possible to the style presented in the Manual.

The Style Manual issued in 1900 contained 194 pages, the greater part of which consisted of decisions of the United States Board on Geographic Names.

It is interesting to note that the 1903 Manual retained the names of type sizes instead of using the point system, which it prophetically stated " is apparently

destined to entirely supersede the old system."

The 1908 Manual of Style was " for use of copy editors, proofreaders, operators, and compositors engaged in the production of executive, congressional, and

departmental publications." The list of Geographic Board decisions was omitted

from this edition. The Style Book of 1911 was designated as " a compilation of rules governing

executive, congressional, and departmental printing, including the Congressional

Record ", and this language was repeated in subsequent revisions. The revision of the Style Manual in 1922 was formally approved by the Joint Committee on Printing and was also approved and adopted by the Permanent

Conference on Printing as " the style to be followed in all Government depart- ments and independent bureaus on and after February 15, 1922." Revised

editions were printed in 1924 and in 1926. Heretofore all compilations and revisions of the Style Manuals have been made

by a board composed exclusively of members chosen from the personnel of the Government Printing Office. An innovation was undertaken by the Public Printer

in the preparation of the present Manual. By letter of September 23, 1929, the
84 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Public Printer invited tlie heads of several Government departments and estab- lishments to appoint representatives on an advisory board to cooperate with the- permanent Style Board of the Government Printing Office in a complete revision

of the Manual. In acceptance of this invitation, the Secretary of State, the Sec- retary of Commerce, the Secretary of Agriculture, the Secretary of the Interior,

and the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution kindly designated especially

competent representatives to cooperate with the board of the Government

Printing Office. The two boards have worked diligently for many months in assembling

data, studying authorities, formulating rules, and making decisions for this comprehensive Manual which, it is hoped, will materially improve the style of Government printing, as well as effect necessary economies in copy editing

and authors' alterations.

It is gratifying to note that the letter transmitting the text of the new Style

Manual has been signed by all the members of the two boards with a notation

of reservations by only one member.

The Public Printer has accepted the report as submitted with the exception

of a few modifications which he believes are essential to preserve the necessary uniformity in Government printing and to secure essential economies. The

modifications of importance relate to the use of diacritical marks in geographic names and to a definite authority for spelling. The Public Printer believes that diacritical marks in geographic names are not essential to general printing for the American people and that their adoption would unnecessarily in- crease the cost of Government printing. The Public Printer is also of the opinion that, following the uniform requirement of all Style Manuals issued

in the last 40 years, a definite authority for spelling must be recognized by the

Style Manual.

In submitting the new Manual for determining the forms and style in which

printing or binding ordered by any of the departments shall be executed, as

required by law, the Public Printer desires to express his thanks to the members of the departmental and the Government Printing Ofllce boards whose

diligent and efficient efforts made this book possible, and to the heads of the Government establishments who so generously cooperated with the Public

Printer in the designation of members of the Advisory Board.

COMMENTS ON THE NEW STYLE MANUAL

Among the many favorable comments on the new Style Manual,,

the following are especially appreciated

From the Yale University Press, New Haven, by Mr. George T.

Bailey, manufacturing manager

I have looked this (the Style Manual) through carefully and with great interest. It will prove to be, I feel sure, an invaluable reference for our work.

From The Conde Nast Press, Greenwich, Conn., by Mr. John A.

Croft:

So complete a reference book will undoubtedly be of frequ-ent and valuable

assistance. From the Oregon State School of Journalism, Corvallis, by Prof.

C. J. Mcintosh

We liave found the book very valuable in our class work, and greatly appreciate your making possible our using it.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 85

From the California State Bureau of Printing, Sacramento, by

Supt. J. M. Welsh

This Manual is indeed very interesting and will prove very helpful to us at

this time. From the International Bureau of the Federations of Master

Printers, Berlin, by Mr. E. Kopley, secretary

I am exceedingly pleased with the copy of the Style Manual of the United

States Government Printing Office which you were so kind to send me. This

useful book will be very helpful for my bureau, as it not only contains a wealth

of information about the English language but also comparative tables of weights, measures, and typographical measurements used in different countries

of the world. From the May issue of The Caxton Magazine, London

If the United States Government Printing Office can produce such a thorough

and exhaustive guide as the one under review, surely some of the printing trade

organizations in this country could equally well compile one that would meet

with general acceptance.

It is believed by the compilers of this American Style Manual that " rational

principles based upon purpose to be served will bring about an enduring regularization of style to the extent possible in a developing language. It is believed that such principles should eventually replace personal judgment, even of

experts, and case decisions based on arbitrary rules." The Style Manual is indeed a step in this direction and is an example that

British printers would do well to urge their trade organizations to cooperate in following.

From the March issue of the Graphic Arts Monthly, Chicago:

This is a well-bound book of over 300 pages giving the style employed on all printing and binding ordered by any of the Government departments and exe- cuted by the Public Printer. It goes into all those matters dear to the heart of a proofreader, and in addition to the chapters on general instructions, capitalization, spelling, compound words, abbreviations, etc., it also contains a considerable bit of statistical information doubtlessly used in Government printing.

This book contains what many technical books do not contain and should

namely, an index. FOREIGN LANGUAGE SUPPLEMENT TO MANUAL

A foreign language supplement to the Style Manual is now in process of printing for the use of printers and translators. The

foreign language supplement will contain about 150 pages of transliterations, syllabications, and other information useful in the printing of more than 50 foreign languages. The manual is intended

merely as a guide and not a textbook.

The supplement has been prepared by Mr. George F. von Ostermann,

head foreign reader in the Government Printing Office and an authority on many languages. Several leading university presses have

assisted in revising the proofs and a number of Washington authorities have generously aided in perfecting the text of languages in which they are especially well versed.
86 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The foreign language manual will be especially useful in the

Government Printing Office when typesetters and proofreaders are required to handle copy and proofs in many languages. There are proofreaders now in the office capable of translating or insuring

the correct printing of 20 foreign languages. The foreign readers

are frequently called upon to make translations for other branches

of the Government service; during the past year they translated

1,718 folios of various languages, in addition to their regular work

as proofreaders.

CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXHIBIT

An attractive and instructive display of the work and products of

the Government Printing Office was made at the Century of Progress

Exposition in Chicago during the summer and fall of 1933. The

Government Printing Office exhibit had one of the best locations in

the Government Building and was highly commended by thousands

of visitors. The specimens of Government Printing Office products were shown

in four double cabinets, each side having a glass-enclosed horizontal

and upright display case with individual electric lights. Eight double display frames, glass enclosed, provided additional space for

showing photographs of workrooms, . posters, placards, and other

large specimens of printing. The cabinets and frames were also the

products of the Government Printing Office, having been constructed

in Washington by the Carpenter Section and finished in aluminum

and black to conform to the modernistic motif of the exposition.

VOLLBEHR FOLIO ATTRACTS MUCH ATTENTION

Among the specimens of typography which attracted much atten- tion were copies of the Vollbehr folio designed by the Public Printer

in honor of the acquisition of the Gutenberg Bible and the other

incunabula purchased for the Library of Congress at a cost of $1,500,-

000. The publication is in the style and form of the first printed

book and presented a marked contrast to the examples of ultramodern printing and binding which were also products of the Government Printing Office, typifying the spirit of the Century of

Progress Exposition.

Another interesting comparison was a copy of the Directory

printed for the Twentieth Congress in 1827, alongside which was

a Directory of the Seventy-second Congress printed in 1933. The exhibit also contained an original plate used in printing the

Congressional Globe, the predecessor of the Record, of February 4, 1858. The old plate was made of 68 percent silica, 27 percent gum
Annual Report of the Public Printer 87

shellac, 4.2 percent tar, and 0.8 percent linseed oil, while the modern

stereotype plate shown contained T percent tin, 13 percent antimony,

and the remainder of lead. FIXE BOOK BINDINGS ARE DISPLAYED

The display of fine book bindings of inlaid and hand-tooled leather was highly praised, special commendation being given to the skill- ful work of the bookbinder apprentices in designing and finishing

books according to their own modernistic ideas. Other features of

the bindery section of the exhibit were illustrative of methods of

repairing manuscripts, the splitting of a sheet of newspaper to make

both sides available for separate mounting, and the artistically marbled papers of various colors and hand-made designs.

ileprints of original woodcuts showed the various workrooms and

the primitive machines of the Government Printing Office in 1861,

when it was established by Congress. In comparison were exhibited

half-tone illustrations of the modern workrooms and up-to-date

machinery in the Government Printing Office of 1933. The Apprentice Section of the exhibit was also in keeping with the

excellent showing made by all the other activities of the Government

Printing Office and covered every branch of the printing trades

with fine typographic, platemaking, presswork, and bookbinding

specimens.

EXHIBITS BY THE TECHNICAL DIVISION The functions of the Division of Tests and Technical Control were

graphically explained by its comprehensive part of the exhibit.

Photographs, accompanied by descriptive cards, showed the extensive

laboratory with chemists and physicists engaged in research and

testing work ; the ink plant with the latest type of mills ; the roller and glue section, with its up-to-date equipment; and the metal

furnace room, with its automatic conveyors and other modern methods of handling metal designed by direction of the Public Printer.

A display of diagrammatic charts portrayed the Technical Division's

functions as related to the manufacturing divisions of the Government Printing Office. For the display of paper fibers, six photomicrographs with the

magnification of 75 diameters were printed on polygraphic films and

so arranged that by pressing a button they were illuminated and dis- closed the various types of hand-colored fibers as if viewed through

a microscope. Progressive samples showed paper-making materials

and their finished products. Numerous tubes contained the stains

used in making fiber analysis.
88 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The ink-making exhibit included various raw materials used in the

manufacture of ink, also a chart showing the interrelation of the

various ingredients of black and colored printing inks.

Samples of metals and alloys used in the manufacture of printing

types and plates were also included in the technical display. Photomicrographs (magnification 220 diameters) showed the crystalline structure of various metals by a push-button control of illumination.

The photo-engraving exhibit included chemicals and other materials required in the production of half-tones and line cuts, with

a description of their functions.

The laboratory specimens of bookbinding materials included book

cloths, buckrams, leathers, threads, cords, glue, etc. The permanence to light of book cloths was technically demonstrated, and tensile strength and stretch tests were illustrated by a chart on which

had been automatically recorded the performance of actual tests. OFFICE PRODUCTS ALSO IN OTHER EXHIBITS

Products of the Government Printing Office were also displayed in

connection with several other Government exhibits at the Chicago

exposition. The Department of Agriculture had an especially

conspicuous showing of Government publications relating to agriculture. The exhibits of the Departments of State, Interior, Commerce,

and Labor also included pamphlets and books produced by the Government Printing Office. Likewise, the Library of Congress showed

a number of books made by the Government Printing Office and dis- played attractive broadsides designed by the Planning Division.

ARTISTIC BROADSIDES FOR LIBRARY EXHIBIT

Mr. M. A. Eoberts, superintendent of the reading rooms of the

Library of Congress, addressed the following letter of appreciation

to the Public Printer:

I am sending this note of keen appreciation for the aid rendered by members

of your staff in the preparation of the printed broadsides which formed an

important part of our exhibit at the Chicago " A Century of Progress."

As in many instances of the past, Mr. Mitchell, the Chief of the Division of Planning, again gave us the benefit of his highly trained and efficient service. His associate, Mr, Halluin, vs^as also especially helpful from the beginning to the end—the choice of type, the composition and arrangement, and all the many

details that contributed so much to make the printed broadsides so attractive and artistic are due chiefly to his efficient and constructive efforts—all his aid given with most commendable enthusiasm.

Numerous letters expressing admiration of the Government Printing Office exhibit at Chicago have been received. The following
Annual Report of the Public Printer 89

commendation came from John J. Pleger, widely known writer of

several authoritative textbooks on bookbinding

I had occasion to visit tlie World's Fair and was certainly surprised at the splendid exhibit of the bindery. When we talk about the superiority of the

ancient craftsmen and look at the work displayed and executed under your

supervision, I must confess that I have seen nothing in Europe done by our

ancient brethren of the craft that compares with it. Modem methods and design are so far ahead of the past efforts that we might

as well admit that real progress has been made which outdistances work of past centuries.

I take this opportunity to congratulate you and through you the craftsmen

who produced the beautiful bindings. Let no one tell you that for beauty,

harmony, and consistency they can be surpassed.

The Franklin Institute of Philadelphia has requested that ,some of

the material exhibited at Chicago by the Government Printing Office be placed in its permanent museum as a tribute to Franklin, the

printer. The Smithsonian Institution of Washington has also asked

the Public Printer to allow certain parts of the material shown at 'Chicago, especially the ink-making display, to be transferred to the

collections in the ?N^ational Museum illustrating various chemical arts. PERMANENT CONFERENCE ON PRINTING

The Permanent Conference on Printing, which held its monthly

meetings at the Government Printing Office for the past 13 years, was

included in the Federal Coordinating Service abolished by an Executive order of June 10, 1933. The conference was the first coordinating agency of the Bureau of the Budget and was organized at the suggestion of the Public Printer, which the Director of the Budget

approved on July 22, 1921.

The Printing Conference consisted of representatives from each of

the executive departments and independent establishments of the Government, including the District of Columbia, making a membership

of approximately 33, each of whom was actively concerned with the

printing and publications for his respective department or establishment.

CHAIRMANSHIP FOR THE PUBLIC PRINTER

At the first meeting of the conference on August 4. 1921, the Public

Printer was selected as permanent chairman and served as such

throughout the entire period of the Coordinating Service.

The purpose of the Printing Conference, as laid down by the

Bureau of the Budget, with the approval of the President, was to investigate and propose uniform standards, businesslike methods,
90 Annual Report of the Public Printer

and proper economies in the public printing and binding and the

distribution of Government publications."

Immediately upon its organization the Printing Conference con- cerned itself with the following major subjects: The preparation

of copy by issuing offices and the limitation of authors' corrections

in proof ; the standardization of grades, sizes, weights, and colors of

papers used in printing ; the standardization of form, size, and binding

of Government publications; the standardization of blank forms

and letterheads; the avoiding of "rush work"; the prevention of

duplication in publications between Congress and the departments;

the distribution of reports and documents ; and numerous other matters pertaining to printing and binding for the Congress and for the

executive branch of the Government.

The conference was of necessity more active in the earlier years of

its organization, as then there were many economies to be effected

that were self-evident and needed prompt attention. The first annual

report of the conference shows that it participated in printing econo- mies amounting to more than $326,000, most of which savings have

continued from year to year. ACHIEVEMENTS OF THE PRINTING CONFERENCE

The annual report of the Printing Conference for 1924 enumerates the following principal achievements during the first 3 years of

its organization

Approved revised Style Manual prepared by the Government Printing Office. Standardized letterheads as to paper stock and size. Use of embossed sta- tionery restricted. Estimated saving, $15,000 a year. Saved $43,000 by restricting duplication in the printing of annual reports. Standardized wall calendars for all departments at a saving of approximately

$5,000 a year. Cooperated with the Joint Committee on Printing in restricting the printing

of journals, magazines, periodicals, and similar publications, and aided in the enactment of Public Resolution No. 57, approved May 11, 1922. Limited free distribution of Government publications, many of which are now

being sold by the Superintendent of Documents.

Appointed member to serve annually on the committee to prepare paper speci- fications for the Joint Committee on Printing.

Approved legislation for direct appropriations for printing and binding instead

of former allotment plan.

Approved discontinuance of the printing of the Official Register (Blue Book)

for 1923. Issue dated 1921 cost $21,000. Since revived in abridged form.

Assisted the Government Printing Office in relieving the congestion of obsolete and useless public documents. More than 2,000,000 worthless publications

disposed of in 1923-24 to provide room for new publications.

Standardized printing of various Government forms in cooperation with Bureau of the Budget and General Accounting Office.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 91

Authorized by President to consider all proposed changes in standard forms

before recommendation to Director of the Bureau of the Budget.

Recommended plan adopted by Congress for centralizing paper standardization, purchase, and supply under the Government Printing Office. Cooperated with Public Printer in remelting of useless electrotype and

stereotype plates, thereby making 624,000 pounds of metal, valued at $68,000, available in 1 year for future use. Continued effort to reduce cost of authors' alterations in copy, unnecessary

rush work, and voluminous annual reports. STAXDAKDIZATIOX OF MANY PRINTED FORMS

Perhaps the most outstanding accomplishment of the Permanent

Conference on Printing was the standardization of printed forms in

cooperation with the Interdepartmental Board on Simplified Office Procedure, the Interdepartmental Board on Contracts and Adjustments, and the General Accounting Office. During the period of

Coordinating Service 172 Government forms were standardized for

common use by the various departments, establishments, and the

General Accounting Office. The standardization of these forms greatly decreased the number

and variety of printed blanks used by the various departments and

establishments of the Government and effected much-needed uniformity in the transaction of Government business, as well as materially reducing the cost of printing. In the fiscal year 1933 a total of 5,957,214 copies of standard forms were issued from the stocks

maintained by the Government Printing Office. In this connection attention is invited to the fact that the Government standard of 8 by 10% inches for printed forms and letter- heads has effected a saving of approximately $50,000 annually in

paper that would be wasted by the use of other sizes, especially the

commercial 8% by 11 size of forms and letterheads.

STANDARD SIZES OF ENVELOPS ARE REDUCED

The sizes of envelops printed by the Government Printing Office were reduced from more than a dozen varieties to four standards.

Publications have been reduced from more than fifty-odd sizes to eight standards, and approximately three fourths of the books and

pamphlets now printed by the Government are either octavo or quarto.

In effecting these economies and standardizations the Kequisition

Review Board of the Government Printing Office, organized by the

Public Printer on July 25, 1921, with the approval of the President

and the Director of the Budget, has been of excellent service. The

duties of the Board, which is under the direction of the Production

Manager and part of the Planning Division, are to examine all orders
92 Annual Report of the Public Printer

for printing and binding to determine: (1) Whether the job ordered

is authorized by law ; (2) whether it will occasion waste or unnecessary duplication; and (3) whether any real economj^ can be effected

by adopting a more businesslike method of handling the particular

job in question.

Since its organization the review board has effected economies in

the cost of printing and binding for Congress and the departments

amounting to more than $400,000. This large saving was made possible through the standardizing of sizes of publications and blank

forms, substituting cheaper stock for certain classes of work whenever possible without impairing the usefulness of the finished product,

changing the size and style of type, providing for the numbering

and perforating of forms at time of printing instead of having

this work performed as a separate bindery operation, eliminating

stereotype and electrotype plates for short runs, and numerous other

printing and binding changes that simplified the production of a given job and resulted in worth-while economy.

PERSONNEL, HEALTH, AND RELIEF

The following table shows the number of employees on the rolls of the Government Printing Office, by principal divisions and units, on June 30 of the fiscal years 1932 and 1933 and on December 1, 1933^

the number actually working, and the total pay roll for each day:

Government Printing Office employees

Division

Printing Binding-. Presswork Platemaking

Planning . —

Maintenance

Tests and Technical Control Purchasing

Stores Delivery Section Administrative and Clerical- Chief Clerk - Accounts - Apprentice Section Guards-. - Miscellaneous units Total printing and binding roll Superintendent of Documents

Total, Government Printing OflBce Total number actually working-—

Total pay roll this day

June 30, 1932

1,632 1,045

585

14255

34040

22

116

5134

23 106

17356

4, 489

356

4, 845

4, 554

$34, 008. 18

June 30, . Dec. 1, 1933 1933

1, 585 968

540

136

51 32138

21 109

23

129

51

4, 214

343

4, 557

4, 041

$31, 468. 73

1,481

1, 100 6oa

12846

30632

20

10944

3123

87

119

51

4,237 330

4, 567

4, 157

$30, 587. 39
Annual Report of the Public Printer 93

The enrollment of 4,567 on December 1, 1933, included 295 emer- gency and temporary employees required for extra work of the present

national recovery activities. The number of employees on the per- manent rolls December 1 was 285 less than on June 30, 1933. and 573

kss than on June 30, 1932.

It may be noted that the pay roll on June 30, 1933, was $881.34 more than on December 1, 1933, although there Avere 116 fev^^er employees actually working on the former date. The larger pay roll of June 30 was due to more employees on night work, for which the

rate is 15 percent extra. WAGES FIXED BY COLLECTIVE BARGAINING

The compensations of all employees in the Government Printing

Office, except office positions under the Superintendent of Documents,

are determined by collective bargaining and arbitration as provided

in the act of June 7, 1924, proposed by the present Public Printer.

The Classification Act determines the grades and rates of pay of 193

employees in the Office of the Superintendent of Documents.

There were only 11 appointments of employees during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, by far the smallest number obtained from

the civil service registers in more than 20 years. Of these appointments, three were printers. No bookbinders, pressmen, or other

printing-trades men were appointed during the fiscal year 1933. Separations from the service during the fiscal year 1933 totaled 299,

of which 146 were on account of age and disability retirements.

Among those who left the service of the Government Printing Office during the year were 65 printers, 26 bookbinders, 11 pressmen, 7

platemakers, 9 mechanics, 34 laborers, and 30 clerks. EMERGENCY APPOINTMENTS SINCE JULY 1 From July 1 to December 15, 1933, there were 419 appointments,

of which 413 were emergency and temporary. Of these appointments

98 were pressmen, 14 press feeders, 93 bookbinders, 13 bookbinder

machine operators, 102 bindery operatives, 93 skilled laborers, 3

guards, and 1 each of cataloger, junior messenger, and junior office helper. No additional printers were appointed during the period

as the emergency work required enlarging only the bindery and

pressroom forces. From July 1 to December 15, 1933, there were 322 separations from

the rolls of the Government Printing Office, of which 175 were on

account of a necessary reduction of the force at the beginning of the

fiscal year. All of these removals were either married persons who
94 Annual Report of the Public Printer

had a husband or wife in some other branch of the Government service, or employees who had 30 or more years' service and were eligible

for the maximum annuity provided by law. The retirements during

the period numbered 77 and resignations 48. The total enrollment on December 15, 1933, was 4,651, as compared

with 4,766 on the same date last year. The number of women employees on December 15, 1933, was 875,

compared with 880 on June 30, 1933, and 966 on June 30, 1932.

Women employees receive the same rate of pay as men for similar

classes of work. A number of women have been promoted by the

Public Printer to supervisory positions with highly important duties.

ANNUITIES GRANTED UNDER RETIREMENT LAW

Since the Retirement Act became effective on August 20, 1920, the

number of employees granted annuities on account of age or disability up to June 30, 1933, totaled 1,318. Due to deaths the number

of Government Printing Office employees on the annuitant rolls of the Government June 30, 1933, was reduced to 948, of whom 663

had been retired for age, 130 for disability, 66 by involuntary separation, and 89 by their own option after 30 years' service. Of the

retired employees, 818 were mechanics, 80 laborers, and 50 clerks;

720 were men and 228 women.

Deductions from employees' compensation for the retirement fund

at the rate of 3% percent as required by law amounted to $337,723.34

for the fiscal year 1933. The total contributions by Government

Printing Office employees since the retirement law became effective

amounted to $3,083,304.03.

TREATMENTS BY THE OFFICE HOSPITAL STAFF

There were 16,829 treatments given to employees during the year

by the emergency hospital staff of the Government Printing Office, a decrease of 637, including 368 fewer injuries received while on duty.

Surgical treatments for injuries numbered 2,703, and for conditions

other than injuries, 1,749. Re-treatments of these cases totaled 4,573.

Medical care was given on 7,806 occasions. Employees of the nearby

city post office were given 177 treatments. Time lost by employees on account of personal or family illness during the year amounted to 11,635 hours, a decrease of 7,983 hours

from the time similarly lost in the preceding fiscal year. Twenty claims were made for compensation for time lost due to

injuries, and seven were disallowed by the United States Employees'

Compensation Commission. Claims paid Government Printing Office employees during the year totaled $2,685.57 for the loss of 818% days'

work. The largest compensation was $986.20.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 95

The Medical and Sanitary Director concluded his report for the

year with the following statement of conditions in the Government

Printing OfSce

Throughout the year sanitation and good working conditions have been maintained to secure maximum comfort and contentment of employees. Careful

consideration is now being given in planning work to avoid unnecessary manual

efforts in handling heavy and difficult tasks ; use of labor-saving machinery and

modem methods not only increases efficiency but minimizes hazard. Physical

qualification is the determining factor in fitting the employee to the task. GROUP LITE INSURANCE OF EMPLOYEES

The Employees Group Life Insurance Association, organized on May 1, 1931, with 1,845 members, now has 2,717 members, 1,231 of

whom have taken out a second unit of insurance in the same amount

as their first-unit policies. The total amount of insurance for both

units is $3,283,250, or an average of $831 per policy. Up to December 27, 1933, there were paid 59 death claims, amounting to $42,750.

In addition to cordially supporting numerous charitable and relief organizations of their own membership, employees of the Government Printing Office have always contributed generously to the

assistance of others, annually raising substantial funds for the Red

Cross, the Community Chest, and aiding other organizations in

various ways. To the Washington Community Chest they have

pledged approximately $100,000 in the last 4 years, and at the same

time have given many thousands of dollars to other charitable and

relief funds.

ASSISTANCE RENDERED WAR VETERANS

Department Commander O. W. Hollingsworth, of the Veterans of

Foreign Wars, in expressing appreciation for the assistance which

the Government Printing Office annually gives to the veterans' poppy

campaign, wrote the Public Printer on April 29, 1933:

* * * It is impossible for me to estimate the appreciation of the Veterans

of Foreign Wars for what you have done for this organization.

You can rest assured that this organization appreciates the cooperation that you have given us, and I want to say to you as department commander of the

District of Columbia that you will always be considered as one of the most

treasured friends of the Veterans of Foreign Wars. War veterans employed in the Government Printing Office on December 1, 1933, numbered 860, of whom 717 served in the World

War, 64 in the Spanish American, 15 in both wars, and 53 in the

Regular Army or Navy. Eleven women employees have civil service

preference for military service. 21674—34 7
96 Annual Report of the Public Printer

There are two units of the United Veterans of American Wars

composed of Government Printing Office employees, one having 402

members and the other 60. The units render both benevolent and

patriotic service in aiding fellow employees and conducting the

annual Memorial and Armistice Day programs. Recently a uniformed drum and bugle corps was organized among the veterans, and

they made a fine showing in the Washington N.R.A. parade.

The Public Printer has also encouraged employees in National

Guard service. Military leave granted by authority of law in the

fiscal year 1933 amounted to $15,715.08, of which $3,156 was paid to apprentices who are enlisted in the National Guard of the District of

Columbia.

CAFETERIA AND RECREATION ASSOCIATION

Owing to furloughs, wage reductions, and fewer employees, the

patronage of the cafeteria operated by a voluntary association of

employees decreased 25 percent during the 12 months ended September 30, 1933. The cafeteria served a total of 591,768 meals as compared with 770,424 the preceding year, and 982,220, 3 years ago. The gross receipts of the Cafeteria and Recreation Association for

the past year were $109,895.50, a decrease of $86,738.18 from the total for the preceding year, and $156,396.70 less than for 1930.

For the first time since the cafeteria was opened 11 years ago, the

annual receipts were less than the expenditures ; but, with a reserve fund for such an emergency, the association decided to sustain the

loss rather than increase prices for foodstuffs at a time when the

incomes of employees were also decreased.

It was found necessary, however, to effect other economies in the

operation of the cafeteria; and its staff of employees, all of whom

are compensated by the association, was reduced from 67 to 48, and

the annual pay roll decreased from $58,000 to $43,300.

I CAFETERIA CONFORMS TO THE N.R.A. CODES

Nevertheless, the association promptly subscribed to and has complied with the President's Reemployment Agreement and the restau- rant code and also operates its bowling alleys in accordance with an N.R.A. code.

Among the recreational activities under the supervision of the

association are bowling, baseball, basket ball, golf, and tennis. The

basket-ball team won the championship trophy of the Government

League for 1932-33. The golf club also added a winner's cup to the well-filled trophy case. The senior baseball team was the runner- up for the Departmental League championship, an honor that it had

held for several years.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 97

The association also assists in sponsoring an orchestra of 25 members and a chorus of 40, all employees of the Government Printing

Office. These musical organizations entertain with concerts on vari- ous occasions and assist in the customary holiday programs throughout the 3^ear. The orchestra also gives concerts in the Auditorium

during the lunch period every Friday except during the summer

months.

The orchestra is under the leadership of Mr. William C. Buckingham and the chorus of Mr. Gerald L. Whelan, both accomplished

musicians and able directors to whom the Office is especially grateful

for the good music that they and their talented associates have so graciousl}^ rendered for the enjoyment of their fellow employees.

CALENDAR OF HARDING HALL EVENTS

The following calendar of the principal events in Harding Hall

under the auspices of the Cafeteria and Recreation Association completes the record of the Government Printing Office for 1933

January 10: Meeting of Association of Government Buildings Superintendents. Lecture and demonstration on progress of electric illumination by A. C. Knudstrup, of Potomac Electric Power Co., and William R. Flounders, of the General Electric Co., with stereopticon views. January 11 : Annual banquet, business meeting and entertainment of United

Veterans of American Wars, Government Printing Office Unit No. 1. A

beautiful ship bell on marble base was presented by the unit to the Cafeteria and Recreation Association. January 20 : Concert by Government Printing Office chorus. Guest soloist, Miss

Dorothy Edythe Davenport, accompanied by Mrs. Elizabeth Coombs.

January 27 : Annual meeting of Columbia Lodge No. 174, International Association of Machinists, for presentation of honor service badges. Master of ceremonies, James J. O'Connell, of Columbia Lodge. Guest speakers : Mr. Walter L. Desbrow, president of Columbia Lodge No. 174; Hon. George H.

Carter, Public Printer ; and Commander O. M. Hudspeth, of the Washington

Navy Yard. Entertainment and dancing.

January 31 : Government night of Washington Club of Printing House Crafts- men. Guest speaker, Mr. Theodore R. McKeldin, of Baltimore. Guests of honor : Hon. Alvin W. Hall, Director of the Bureau of Engraving and Printing

Hon. Geor.cre H. Carter, Public Printer of the United States ; and Mr, Joseph

D. Ashby, president of the Washington Typothetae. Guests : Mr. Clark R. Long, third international vice president ; Mr. James J. Fulton, district repre- sentative ; Maj. W. W. Kirby, honorary member. Dinner and stage entertain- ment. February 7 : Dinner and meeting of Government Buildings Superintendents.

February 10: Entertainment by Col. Charles Young Unit, United Veterans of American Wars. February 17 : Joint concert, Government Printing Office chorus and orchestra. Guest artists, Mrs. Flora M. Weber and William J. Weber, piano duet. March 4 : Roosevelt-Garner inaugural ball under auspices of Committee ori Special Entertainment, Prof. G. David Houston, chairman ; Woolsey W. Hall, executive secretary ; Frederick D. Wilkinson, chairman of subcommittee on

inaugural ball. Attended by several hundred inauguration visitors from

various parts of the United States.
98 Annual Report of the Public Printer

March 10: Deaf employees of Government Printing Office entertained members

of the National Fraternal Society of the Deaf, with an evening of bowling

and bridge in the Green Room.

March 31 : Concert by Government Printing Office orchestra. Vocal solos by

Miss Dorothy Edythe Davenport, accompanied by Mrs. Elizabeth Coombs.

April 21 : Concert by Government Printing Office orchestra. Vocal solos by

Miss Marguerite Latham, accompanied by J. D. Dowd.

April 28: Concert by Government Printing Office orchestra. Trumpet solos by

Edward F. McCarthy, Jr. ; Lawrence I. McCarthy, accompanist.

May 2: Annual ladies' night and dinner by Government Buildings Superin- tendents ; welcome by R. L. Swenson, president ; Representative Will Rogers,

of Oklahoma, was guest of honor and speaker. Stage presentation.

May 4 : Government Printing Office chorus broadcast over Station WMAL

;

directed by Gerald L. Whelan, accompanied by William J. Weber ; incidental

solo by Harry F. Bateman. May 5 : Concert by Government Printing Office orchestra. May 12 : Joint concert, Government Printing Office orchestra and chorus. May 15 : Presentation of trophy to Government Printing Office basket-ball team,

championship of Government League for 1932-33. Presentation by Mr. Luther

C. Stewart, president National Federation of Federal Employees; acceptance

by Hon. George H. Carter, Public Printer, on behalf of the team, Harry L. Merold, manager, and Carl Miller, captain.

May 19: Concert by Government Printing Office orchestra. May 29 : Memorial Day services under the auspices of United Veterans of American Wars. Invocation by Capt. Frank L. Miller, chaplain, Walter Reed

General Hospital. Speakers—Judge John H. Shepherd, department com- mander, Department of Potomac, G.A.R. ; P. J. Callan, department commander,

United Spanish War Veterans ; O. W. Hollingsworth, department commander,

Veterans of Foreign Wars. Music by United States Navy Band, Government

Printing Office chorus, and Radiotone quartet. June 2 : United Veterans of American Wars, Government Printing Office Unit

No. 1, gave a minstrel show for the drum and bugle corps. Jack Mullane,

producer and director; Howell K. Stephens, business manager; Charles S. Hawkins, arrangement chairman ; William J. Weber, director. Entire cast

of Government Printing Office employees.

July 20 : Luncheon by members of the Permanent Conference on Printing to Mr.

Shelby Smith, retiring member for the Department of Labor. Remarks by

Mr. Frank Smith, secretary of the conference, and presentation of gift by

Hon. George H. Carter, Public Printer. August 3 : Graduation exercises, apprentice class of 1933. Speaker, Hon. Daniel

C. Roper, Secretary of Commerce. The exercises were preceded by a class dinner served by the Government Printing Office cafeteria. August 14 : The Public Printer entertained at luncheon a party of instructors and students from the London School of Printing.

August 17 : The convocation of Apprentice School and alumni in Harding Hall

to greet party of instructors and students from the London School of

Printing.

September 29 : Concert by the Government Printing Office orchestra and chorus. October 6: Entertainment by Capital Branch No. 142 of the National Association of Letter Carriers. October 20: Concert, Government Printing Office orchestra. November 3 : Concert, Government Printing Office orchestra. November 10: Joint concert. Government Printing Office orchestra and chorus.
Annual Report of the Public Printer 99

November 17 : Concert, Government Printing OfRce orchestra ; guest soloists, Senora Aurelia C. de Alfaro, soprano, Mr. Albert Bell, baritone; Miss Eliza- beth Gardner Coombs and Mrs. Leslie W. Bell, accompanists.

November 24: Concert, Government Printing OfRce orchestra. November 29: Annual Thanksgiving program. Address by the Most Reverend

John M. McNamara, D.D., auxiliary bishop of Baltimore and pastor of St. Gabriel's Church, Washington. Music by Calvary Quartet and Government

Printing Office orchestra and chorus. December 1 : Concert by the Government Printing Office orchestra. December 7 : Benefit minstrel show by the drum and bugle corps of the United Veterans of American Wars, Government Printing Office Unit No. 1. December 8 : Joint concert at noon by the Government Printing Office orchestra and chorus. Evening, entertainment by the United Veterans of American Wars, Col. Charles Young Unit No. 2. December 15: Concert, Government Printing Office orchestra. December 22 : The Government Printing Office chorus, led by Gerald L. Whelan,

and assisted by members of the Government Printing Office orchestra, sang Christmas carols in the Green Room and in the workrooms throughout the

building.

December 27-28: Christmas entertainment for 2,600 children of employees of the Government Printing Office. Christmas music by the office orchestra; motion pictures, and stage show. A beautifully decorated Christmas tree was set in a mountain village scene with running water wheel and falls, brook

with live fish, moving trains, tunnels, railway station " Le Mars ", Govern- ment Printing Office airport with beacon light, houses, church, mill, fountain,

and automobiles with headlights ; a complete village in miniature. Each child received a present, ice cream, and cake.

Under authority of the following provision in the act approved

February 28, 1933 (Public, No. 381, 72d Cong.), the Public Printer

has discontinued the printing of such other and additional reports of

the Government Printing Office for the fiscal year ended June 30,

1933, as have been prepared for transmission to Congress, the original copies of which are on file for public inspection

In order to keep the expenditures for printing and binding for the fiscal year

1934 within or under the appropriations for such fiscal year, the heads of the various executive departments and independent establishments are authorized

to discontinue the printing of atmual or special reports under their respective

jurisdictions: Provided., That where the printing of such reports is discon- tinued the original copy thereof shall be kept on file in the offices of the heads

of the respective departments or independent establishments for public

inspection.

The foregoing authorization for discontinuance of the printing of

annual or special reports was first included in an appropriation act for the fiscal year 1921 and has since been repeated annually. In

compliance therewith, the heads of various executive departments

and independent establishments of the Government have effected a saving of more than $2,000,000 in the printing of annual reports for

the last 13 fiscal years.
100 Animal Report of the Public Printer

Annual reports for the fiscal year 1920, before their discontinuance was authorized, contained 58,940 type pages ; while the reports for the

fiscal year 1932 were reduced to 19,083 type pages, a decrease of 39,857

pages as compared with the reports for 1920. The cost of printing

and binding the reports for the fiscal year 1920 totaled $360,436.65,

and for 1932 the total was $203,072.80, a decrease of $157,363.85.

The reports recently printed for the fiscal year 1933 were further

reduced approximately 40 percent as compared with the reports for

The reports of the present Public Printer for the 13 fiscal years

1921-33, inclusive, cost $13,241.80 for printing and binding, as compared with a cost of $64,752.88 for the 13 preceding fiscal years, 1908-20, a decrease of $51,511.08.

1932.
DIVISION OF ACCOUNTS

STATISTICAL TABLES

STATISTICAL TABLES

Compiled by the Supebintendent of Accoxjnts and Budget Officer Table 1.

Resources and liabilities under appropriations for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933

eesoueces

Appropriation for working capital.. $2, 250, 000. 00 Public Act 381, 72d Cong., approved Feb. 28, 1933.. 450, 000. 00 Repayments from all sources for printing and binding.. 10, 163,446. 74 Refunds from various sources 1, 441. 98

Bills receivable July 1, 1933, for printing and binding fur- nished 77,648.50

$12, 942, 537. 22 Appropriations for salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents 550, 000. 00 Appropriation for general expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents.. 210, 800. 00 Balance of appropriation for equipment. Government Printing Office Building (appropriated in 1929; available until expended).. 1, 379. 22 Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration, 1933-34 5,000.00 Total resources available for fiscal year 1933 $13, 709, 716. 44 liabilities Working capital and repayments for printing and binding: Disbm-sed to June 30, 1933 $9, 544, 024. 27 Impounded and credited to surplus fund i 999, 091. 53 Outstanding obligations July 1, 1933 1, 087, 110. 10 Total disbursed and outstanding obligations $11, 630, 225. 90

Salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Disbursed to June 30, 1933 454, 977. 17 Impounded and credited to surplus fund. 55, 988. 41 Outstanding obligations July 1, 1933 18, 986. 80 Total disbursed and outstanding obligations 529, 952. 38 General expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Disbursed to June 30, 1933... 172, 863. 67 Outstanding obligations July 1, 1933 37, 786. 33 Total disbursed and outstanding obligations 210, 650. 00 Equipment, Government Printing Office BuDding:

Disbursed to June 30, 1933 174. 19 Outstanding obligations July 1, 1933 Total disbursed and outstanding obligations 174. 19 Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration 1933-34: Disbursed to June 30, 1933 850. 18 Outstanding obligations July 1, 1933.— 1, 060. 72 Total disbursed and outstanding obligations 1, 910. 90 Total disbmsed to June 30, 1933 10, 172, 889. 48 Total impounded and credited to surplus fund 1, 055, 079. 94 Total outstanding obligations July 1, 1933 1, 144, 943. 95 Total disbursed, impounded, and outstanding obligations 12, 372, 913. 37 Unobligated balance, subject to 10 percent over and under on outstanding orders (includes

$1,205.03, equipment Government Printing Office Building, available until expended, and

$3,089.10 Chicago World's Fau: Centennial Celebration, available in 1934) 1, 336, 803. 07 Total 13,709,716 44

1 Does not include $177.92 on deceased employees' accounts, handled entirely by General Accounting

Office. 103
104 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Table 2.

Summary of financial transactions in fiscal year ended June SO, 1933,

covering appropriations Jor fiscal years 1931, 1932, 1933

APPROPRIATION FOR 1931

•

Resources Disburse- ments Unexpended

balance July 1, 1933

Public printing and binding: Appropriation balance, July 1, 1932 <t4.Q 94.1 V)

196. 56

Credits to appropriation by payments from all sources

for printing and binding and other receipts from

miscellaneous sources Disbursed for material and supplies $7, 481. 65 Total.. 49, 438. 08 7, 481. 65 $41, 956. 43

Salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation balance, July 1, 1932 25, 004. 25 25, 004. 25 General expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation balance, July 1, 1932.. 21, 753. 78 Disbursed 12,891.04 Total 21, 753. 78 12, 891. 04 8, 862. 74 Grand total appropriation.. Unobligated balance of 1931 appropriation on June 30, 1933.

96, 196. 11 20, 372. 69 75, 823. 42

75, 823. 42 APPROPRIATION FOR 1932

Public printing and binding: Appropriation balance July 1, 1932... $607, 239. 34

911, 556. 36

Credits to appropriations by payments from all sources

for printing and binding and other receipts from

miscellaneous sources Disbursed for labor $455, 808. 92

698, 692. 25

49, 373. 04

301, 547. 45

Disbursed for paper. Disbursed for lithographing and engraving. Disbursed for material and supplies Total 1, 518, 795. 70 1, 505, 421. 66 $13, 374. 04

Salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation balance, July 1, 1932 34, 163. 10 Disbursed 22, 443. 50 Total 34, 163. 10 22, 443. 50 11, 719. 60 General expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation balance, July 1, 1932 57, 932. 59 Disbursed 57, 370. 91

\ Total.. 57, 932. 59 57, 370. 91 561. 68 Grand total appropriation Deduct for outstanding obligations

1, 610, 891. 39 1, 585, 236. 07 25, 655. 32

8, 670. 48 Unobligated balance of 1932 appropriation on June

30, 1933 16, 984. 84 APPROPRIATION FOR 1933

Public printing and binding: Appropriation for working capital, legislative act of June 30, 1932 $2, 250, 000. 00

450, 000. 00

10, 242, 537. 22

Public Act 381, 72d Cong., approved Feb. 28, 1933 Addition to appropriation by repayments and bills receivable from all sources for printing and binding, and other receipts from miscellaneous sources Disbursed for labor. $8, 134, 550. 45

982, 032. 48

44, 823. 63

382, 617. 71

999, 091. 53 Disbursed for lithographing and engraving Disbursed for material and supplies

Total 12, 942, 537. 22 10, 543, 115. 80 $2, 399, 421. 42
Statistical Tables 105

Table 2.

Summary of financial transactions in fiscal year ended June 30, 1933,

covering appropriations for fiscal years 1931, 1932, 1933—Continued

APPROPRIATION FOR 1933—Continued

Resources

Disburse- ments Unexpended

balance July 1, 1933

Salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation, legislative act of June 30, 1932 Disbursed. . ... ._ $550, 000. 00

$454, 977. 17 Impounded and credited to surplus fund 00, yso. 'ii Total oou, uuu. uu oiu, yoo. oo <t9n f\*^A AO Cteneral expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents:

Appropriation, legislative act of June 30, 1932 210, 800. 00 Disbursed 1 /Z, oOO. D/ Total 210, 800. 00 172, 863. 67 07 QQfl 00 0 / , yoo. 00 Equipment, Goveriunent Printing Office Building: Appropriation balance July 1, 1932, available until ex- pended 1, 379. 22 Disbursed to June 30, 1932 174. 19 Total 1, 379. 22 174. 19 1, 205. 03 Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration, 1933-34: Public Act 14, 72d Cong., approved Feb. 8, 1932 5, 000. 00

• Disbursed 850. 18 Total.... 5. nno. no 4, 149. 82 Grand total appropriation

1 ...

13, 709, 716. 44 11, 227, 969. 42 2, 481, 747. 02 Deduct for outstanding obligations -- 1, 144, 943. 95 Unobligated balances of 1933 appropriations on June

30, 1933 (includes balances on equipment. Govern- ment Printing Office Building, available until expended, and on Chicago World's Fair Centennial

Celebration, 1933-34, available 1934) 1, 336, 803. 07 Total unobligated balances (subject to change by 10 per- cent over and under on outstanding obligations)

:

1931 75, 823. 42

16, 984. 84

1, 336, 803. 07

1, 429, 611. 33

1932

1933

RECAPITULATION—ALL APPROPRIATIONS

Total paid for labor 1 $8, 590, 359. 37 Total paid for material and supplies 691, 646. 81 Total paid for lithographing and engraving 94, 196. 67 Total paid for paper 1, 680, 724. 73 Total impounded and credited to surplus fund 999, 091. 53 Total paid for printing and binding 12, 056, 019. 11 Total paid for salaries, office of Superintendent of Documents 2 477^ 420. 67 Total paid for general expenses, office of Superintendent of Documents 243, 125. 62 Total paid for equipment, Government Printing Office Building 174. 19 Total paid for Chicago World's Fair Centennial Celebration 850. 18 Total impounded and credited to surplus fund 55, 988. 41 Grand total .

^ 12, 833, 578. 18

1 Includes $319,927.99 paid into retirement fund.

' Includes $17,795.35 paid into retirement fund.

» Includes $337,723.34 paid into retirement fund.
106 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Table 3.Moneys received during fiscal year 1933, the source, and Treasury deposit

1930 Deposited to the credit of appropriation for public printing and binding; Refund $1. 10 1931 Deposited to the credit of appropriation for public printing and binding: For miscellaneous printing and binding $91. 90 Refunds 100.66 Total 192.56 1932 Deposited to the credit of appropriation for public printing and binding: For printing and binding for departments and bureaus $902, 464. 52 For miscellaneous printing and binding 7, 748. 52 Refunds 241.42 • Total - $910,454.46

1933 Deposited to the credit of appropriation for public printing and binding: For printing and binding for derartments and bureaus 10, 003, 219. 29 For miscellaneous printing and binding 50, 045. 56 Auditor disallowance 21.41 Total 10,053,286.26 Deposited to miscellaneous receipts: Sale of waste paper 22, 759. 93 Salvage, waste wood, metal, etc 8, 332. 13 Surplus from sale o( documents 201, 966. 22 Telephone messages 13.40 Total 233,071.68 Grand total 11,197.006.06 Table 4.

Production of principal items entering into printing and binding in

fiscal years 1931, 1932, 1933

Main oflBce and Congressional Library branch:

Total charges for printing and binding

Jackets written number.-

Estimates made do

Bills computed do

Total ems set do Timework in composing sections hours..

Electrotypes, stereotypes, and matrices square inches.. Postal cards printed number.

.

Money-order books shipped do Forms sent to press do

Actual impressions do

Chargeable impressions do

Sheets folded do

Signatures gathered do

Tips made do

Copies wire-stitched do

Copies paper-covered do Books and pamphlets trimmed do Books rounded and backed do Books marbled and edged do Stamping impressions do Books cased in do

Indexes cut do

Sheets passed through ruling machine do

Signatures sewed do

Copies punched and drilled do

Sheets and lines perforated ..do Tablets made do

Miscellaneous rebinding, etc do

$14, 546, 440. 75

" 64, 938

59, 661

86, 303

2, 507, 813, 400

282, 197

11,

1, 485,

1, 588,

2, 393,

396,

150,

23,

49,

13, 55,

1,

2,

1, 40,

51, 169,

11,

4,

438, 314

384, 120

060, 127

163, 558

768, 017

483, 181

746. 323

538, 801

627, 442

371, 739 582,217

809, 139

131, 092

243, 804

711, 569

474, 904

135, 809

335, 332

873, 305

093, 892

979, 426

656, 283

101, 536

1 $14, 333, 380. 35

62, 455 56,417

79, 741

2, 790, 245, 000

268, 912

11,

610,

2, 216, 410,

164,

20,

50,

13,

2,

1, 39,

62, 177,

8,

3,

166, 868

070, 600

928, 994

181, 800 621,912

059, 261

557, 697

963, 823

714, 194

546, 899

108, 675

867, 873

178, 720

243, 084

456, 972

248, 225

168, 970

288, 618

652, 684

944, 855 611,419

772, 427

99, 704

1933

2 $12, 941, 095. 24

55, 268

48, 466

74, 105

2, 383, 599, 100

249, 913

9, 942. 300

1, 290, 469; 580

846, 666

165, 428

658, 750, 722

2, 013, 499, 936

336, 092, 301

130, 325, 878

13, 929, 809

39, 505, 927

8, 860, 923

40, 499, 587

1, 164, 972

183, 037

2, 645, 351

1, 240, 900

109, 135

26, 235, 643

43, 394, 325

133, 255, 943

6, 335, 548

3, 182, 726

99, 287

1 Does not include estimated $800,000 labor and material on imcompleted jobs.

» Does not include estimated $400,000 labor and material on uncompleted jobs.
Statistical Tables 107

Table 5.

Charges for work and to whom delivered during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1933

Congress: Congressional Record $803,236.59 Publications for folding rooms 479, 831. 41 Publications for international exchange 13, 601. 38 Franked envelops and document fraiiks 40, 336. 72

Bills, resolutions, and amendments 396, 261. 44 Committee reports 66, 493. GO Documents 130,828.42 Hearings 378,467.53 Miscellaneous publications 31, 264. 64 Miscellaneous printing and binding 359, 678. 87 Total congressional printing and binding $2, 700, 000. 00 Private orders by Members of Congress: Documents, reports, bills, etc 12, 802. 15 Speeches 40,445.99 Private Orders for electrotypes 11. 24 Superintendent of Documents 545, 238. 45 Library of Congress 372, 565. 11 Agriculture 786,531.71 Commerce 1,357,038.62

Interior 438, 774. 47 Justice 229,468.27 Labor 215,172.33 Navy - 685,165.59 Post Office 1, 607, 460. 80

State 182, 931. 49 Treasury 683, 458. 00 War , 596,405.60 Alien Property Custodian 1, 605. 17 American Battle Monuments Commission 91.40 Arlington Memorial Bridge Commission 12. 13 Board of Mediation 1, 077. 43 Board of Tax Appeals 29, 223. 70 Bureau of the Budget. . 33,061.89 Bureau of Efficiency 300. 89 Chicago World's Fair Centennial Commission 213. 23 CivU Service Commission 21,971.96 Commission of Fine Arts 212.28 Court of Claims 21, 498. 68 Court of Customs and Patent Appeals , 5, 230. 08 Customs Court 212.04

District of Columbia 99, 308. 34 Emergency Conservation Work 981.01 Employees' Compensation Commission 5,926.83 Farm Credit Administration 6, 571. 98 Federal Board for Vocational Education 11,205.94 Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works 667.90 Federal Emergency Relief Administration. 700.35 Federal Farm Board 15, 900. 72 Federal Home Loan Bank Board 8, 516. 99 Federal Power Commission 4,910.72 Federal Radio Commission 6,512.27 Federal Reserve Board 40, 508. 02 Federal Trade Commission 23, 666. 54 General Accounting Offi ce 56, 709. 94 Geographic Board 7, 641. 30 George Rogers Clark Sesquicentennial Commission 9. 75 George Washington Bicentennial Commission 35, 849. 66 Home Owners' Loan Corporation 932.54 Inland Waterways Corporation 453. 23 Interstate Commerce Commission 165, 568. 50 Mount Rushmore National Memorial Commission 20.25 National Academy of Sciences 203. 89 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics - 19, 658. 49 National Capital Park and Planning Commission 575. 10 National Forest Reservation Commission 294.13 National Recovery Administration... 213. 73 Pan American Sanitary Bureau - 13,604.56 Pan American Union 26, 251. 16 Panama Canal 15, 210. 70 Patent Office 1,311,097.69 Personnel Classification Board 143.55 Public Buildings and Public Parks 3, 821. 67 Railroad Administration 151.85 Reconstruction Finance Corporation -— 170,486.93 Shipping Board 18, 870. 69 Smithsonian Institution 97, 673. 63 Supreme Court, District of Columbia 4, 979. 54 Supreme Court, United States. .._ 6, 015. 48

Tariff Commission 23, 151. 05 Tennessee Valley Authority 166. 84 Veterans' Administration 156, 375. 02 War Finance Corporation 25.45 White House.. 11, 480. 61 Total. 12.941.095.24
108 Annual Report of the Public Printer

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Statistical Tables 109

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110 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Table 8.

Inventory of quantity and cost of paper and envelops, material and

supplies, and machinery and equipment on hand June SO, 1933

[Compiled by the Purchasing Division]

Paper:

Printing Mimeograph

United States money-order writing. Safety writing Writing —

Map.--

Manifold Bond

Ledger

Index Cover Manila

Kraft-. Manila tag board. Cardboard.-

Bristol board

Miscellaneous Binders board - Total. Enveloi

'otal paper and envelops. Other material and supplies: Miscellaneous supplies Book cloth Buckram

Leather. Ink ingredients. Ink (made in Government Printing Office). Gold leaf.- Imitation leather Cartons and containers

Total, material and supplies

Total, material and supplies, paper and envelops. Machinery and equipment Grand total

Pounds

,828,000 329,000

79, 000

5, 839

646, 897

98, 284

114, 276

819, 602

463, 000

146, 000

163, 000

168, 000

242, 000

372, 000 46,000

556,000

115.000

513, 250

7,705, 148

Cost

$72, 013. 06

12, 299. 98

4, 851. 50

575. 42

23, 192. 11 8,424. 28

16, 730. 61

59, 848. 06

37, 351. 55

11, 209. 24 9,462.84

7,386.88

5,971.94

23, 325. 96

2, 108. 65

15, 037. 82

11, 146. 30

12, 066. 36

333,002.54

9, 254. 88

342, 257. 42

126,922.70

12,017.54

8, 630. 06

8, 450. 63

3, 556. 49

3, 193.97

3, 038. 95

2, 187. 26

1,933.98

},931.48

612, 188. 90

5, 433, 068. 31

5, 945, 257. 21
4

Statistical Tables 111

Table 9.Publicaiions, including annual reports and documents, printed on

requisition during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, for Congress and Govern- ment departments and independent establishments

Copies Congress (does not include Congressional Record, bills, or private orders) 4, 863, 089 Superintendent of Documents 7, 861, 678 Library of Congress 129, 652 Agriculture 18, 620, 836 Commerce 3,866,019

Interior 1,932,048

Justice - 196,663 Labor 1,533,638 Navy 4,668,616 Post Office 1,796,289 State 496,090 Treasury 2, 495, 229 War 7,489,290 Alien Property Custodian 1,867 American Battle Monuments Commission 2

Board of Mediation 2, 021 Board of Tax Appeals 57, 655 Bureau of the Budget 790 Bureau of Efficiency 510

Civil Service Commission 148, 17& CommissionofFineArts 6, 523 Court of Claims 47,943 Court of Customs and Patent Appeals 3,565

District of Columbia 268, 549- Emergency Conservation Work 8, 500 Employees' Compensation Commission 15,703 Farm Credit Administration 133,060 Federal Board for Vocational Education 81, 127 Federal Emergency Administration of Public Works 23, 70O Federal Emergency Relief Administration. _ 2, 000 Federal Farm Board 395, 252 Federal Home Loan Bank Board. 61,300 Federal Power Commission 4,408 Federal Radio Commission 20,668 Federal Reserve Board.. 541,388 Federal Trade Commission 86, 161 General Accounting Office 16,271 Geographic Board 22,002 George Washington Bicentennial Commission 12,000 Home Owners' Loan Corporation 50,000 Inland Waterways Corporation .- 3, 000

Interstate Commerce Commission 1, 591, 277 National Academy of Sciences 4, 000 National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics... 40,959 National Capital Park and Planning Commission 1,000 National Forest Reservation 5,000 National Recovery Administration .- 20,000 Pan American Sanitary Bureau 53,900 Pan American Union 134, 314 Panama Canal - 2,611 Public Buildings and Public Parks... - 1, 560 Reconstruction Finance Corporation 369,801 Shipping Board - 22,842 Smithsonian Institution 148,890 Supreme Court, D.C - 13,830 Supreme Court, U.S 7,640

Tariff Commission 43, 004 Veterans' Administration 139, 173 War Finance Corporation 100 White House - - 22, 127 Total 60,564,305 Table 10.

Receipts from miscellaneous sales during the fiscal year ended June

30, 1983

Condemned material, machinery, etc - - $4, 256. 70 Waste wood... 630.80 Waste metal 1,796.91 Waste gold -•- 1,647.72 Waste paper 22,759.93 Telephone 13. 40

Total .1 31,105.46

21f^74—.S4——

8

DIVISION OF TESTS AND TECHNICAL CONTROL

REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

113

REPORT OF THE TECHNICAL DIRECTOR

To the Public Printer : The report of the Division of Tests and Technical Control for the

fiscal year ended June 30, 1933, is herewith submitted.

The total number of samples tested during the year was 6,611, a decrease of 15.7 percent from the number tested last year. Following

is a tabulation of the various materials tested during the fiscal years

1932 and 1933

Materials tested Samples

1932 1933

Paper and envelops - 4,990

776

74 1,031

50 24682

43

77 102 369

3, 837

60041 808

61 288

13242

82

352

368

Textiles Bookbinding leather... Metals Olue

Ink-making materials Inks - . Oils and greases Gasoline Chemicals

Miscellaneous Total samples 7,840 6, 611 Three hundred and twelve deliveries were rejected for noncompliance with specifications. Of these rejections, 259 were of paper,

16 of envelops, and 37 of miscellaneous materials.

PAPER

As a result of tests on deliveries of paper to the Office during the

past 2 years, a number of changes have been made in the paper

specifications, all tending toward the improvement in the quality

of the paper. Definite limits for acidity have been included for the

first time in a number of the specifications for book, lithographic,

manifold, bond, ledger, and index papers. The folding endurance

requirement has been increased on the writing, bond, and ledger

papers, and has been added to the specifications for several other

grades in order to insure greater durability of these papers.

The total amount of paper received during the year was 36,266,791

pounds, a decrease of 23 percent from last year. Of this amount,

3,131,259 pounds, or 8.6 percent, were rejected.

As in previous years, the greatest amount of paper rejected was

between March 1, the beginning of the fiscal year for paper purchases, and June 30. There were 270,804 pounds, or 0.75 percent, of paper rejected for

deficiency in folding endurance as compared with 235,636 pounds, or

0.50 percent, rejected last year.
116 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Some difficulty Avas encountered this year with newsprint not

conforming with specifications in tensile strength, although this

requirement was fully complied with in previous years. The trouble

experienced last year with dirty paper and lack of opacit}^ has

decreased considerably, due no doubt to greater care by the contractors to comply with specifications and standard samples. Rejections

for deficiency in stock, bursting strength, unsatisfactory color or

finish also decreased to some extent. The principal cause for the rejection of paper during the year was high acidity. There were 709,463 pounds, or 1.9 percent, rejected

for noncompliance with specifications in this respect. This requirement was included in the specifications for the first time on raany

items, and the rejections were therefore due either to lack of or

limited technical control in the mill or unfamiliarity of some of the

new contractors with the more accurate methods of testing for

acidity.

Requests for details of the quinhydrone electrometric method for

determining acidity used by the Government Printing Office were

received from the contractors experiencing trouble in meeting this

requirement. After furnishing them full details of procedure subsequent deliveries by most of these contractors fully complied with

specifications.

DETERMINATION OF PAPER ACIDITY

As stated in last year's report the section of the work assigned to the Government Printing Office in the cooperative research on methods of determination of pH values and total acidity in paper has been

completed. Issuance of the final report is still being held up waiting

the completion of the work at the other laboratories. Acidity requirements are now included in the specifications for 36 grades of pajDer

as compared with 14 grades last year. The quinhydrone method for

determining the pH value of paper was prepared in detail, and many

requests for this method have been received.

DETERIORATION OF SULPHITE PAPERS

The study of relative rates of deterioration of papers containing

varying percentages of bleached and unbleached sulphite pulp con- ducted in cooperation with the Bureau of Standards has been

continued during the year. Two years of natural aging of the samples stored and of the samples exposed to light in the laborator}^ office and in the constant temperature and humidity room has been completed and the physical

tests have been made to determine the amount of deterioration. Tests after 2 years of natural aging by storing in the laboratory

office indicate that the loss in strength of the papers containing

unbleached sulphite pulp as determined by bursting strength and

folding endurance is greater than in the 100 percent bleached sulphite

paper. The loss in folding endurance of the papers exposed to natural light for 2 years in the same room is about the same for all papers.
Report of the Technical Director 111

The deterioration of papers exposed to natural light is greater than

the corresponding papers stored under normal conditions. Of the

papers hung and stored in the paper humidity room under controlled

atmospheric conditions the samples containing 50 and 75 percent

unbleached sulphite jDulp showed greater deterioration than the samples containing 25 percent unbleached and no unbleached sulphite

pulp. The papers which were stored showed greater deterioration

than the papers which were hung in the room. The deterioration of the papers exposed to natural light and stored

in the laboratory office is greater than that of the corresponding

papers hung or stored in the paper humidity room under controlled

atmospheric conditions.

PAPER-SMOOTHXESS TESTER

A study was made of the value of the Bekk smoothness tester in

evaluating printing papers. This tester was found to be the first practical instrument for measuring the smoothness of paper surfaces,

giving results in numerical terms. The results of the study indicate

that smoothness limits or smoothness range can be determined for cer- tain classes of printing papers.

A report of this study entitled " The Bekk Smoothness Tester as an Aid in Studying the Printing Quality of Paper " was presented

at the annual meeting of the Technical Association of the Pulp and

Paper Industry in New York, February 13-16, 1933, and was published in the Paper Trade Journal, volume 96, no. 4, January 26, 1933. PAPEK-WEAKING TESTER

Owing to difficulty in obtaining representative samples of paper for

test, and also due to work on more urgent problems, the study of the

paper-wearing tester developed in this office has not been completed

as contemplated. The data so far obtained tend to show that at 50

percent relative humidity and 70° F. temperature the wear test, as determined with this instrument, grades paper in the same general

order as the folding-endurance and tensile-strength tests. The data

also show that the wearing test is greatest at 50 percent relative humidity, decreasing from this point with either increasing or decreasing

relative humidity.

MICROSCOPICAL EXAMINATION

This work was carried out in conjunction with the microscopic

subcommittee of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper

Industry. In view of the fact that the official Bright method for

determining the amount of unbleached fiber in paper consumes too great a time for making an analysis, a study was made of this method

with a view of shortening the time for the determination.

A modified method of procedure in which an analysis can be

completed in approximately 15 minutes instead of 1 hour will be

recommended to the microscopic subcommittee for adoption by the

Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry.
118 Annual Report of the Public Printer

An article entitled " Kapid Methods for Determining Unbleached

Fibers in Paper " is ready for publication. In addition to the modified method of procedure of the official method, there is described in

this paper a procedure employing a malachite green stain which can

be used by experienced analysts when quick and only approximate

results are desired.

Work was also done on the Shaffer method for distinguishing

bleached sulphate from bleached sulphite fibers, and comments on the same were submitted to the microscopic subcommittee.

MOISTURE IN PAPER

At the request of the chairman of the paper-testing committee of

the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, the per-

€entage of moisture in paper as received in this office is being determined on all papers. This is done in order to obtain information as to the variations in moisture content of papers shipped by different

mills and the amount at different seasons of the year. ENVELOPS

Envelops purchased during the year totaled 30,936,533, a decrease

of 17,413,669, or 36 percent. Of these, 951,975 were rejected. There

v^ere 16 rejections, comprising 3.1 percent, as compared with 30

rejections, or 7.9 percent, last year. The physical requirements of the specifications for envelops

remained the same as last year, and no great difficulty was experienced by any contractor in furnishing envelops conforming with

specifications.

There were only 155,350 envelops rejected for deficiency in folding

endurance, of which 10,000 were also rejected for noncompliance with

specifications in stock and bursting strength.

TYPE METALS

During the fiscal year 1933 a total of 8,522,238 pounds of type

metal was standardized for the use of the Government Printing

Office, a decrease of 379,528 pounds, or 4.3 percent.

A comparison of the amount of the various alloys standardized

during the fiscal years 1932 and 1933 is given below

Kind of metal 1932 1933 Decrease Decrease

Pounds Pounds Pounds Percent Linotype 6, 079, 524 5, 742, 697 336, 827 5.5 Monotype 2, 118, 897 2, 020, 578 98, 319 4.6 Stereotype . 402, 735 626, 022 1 123, 287 1 30.6 Electrotype 300, 610 171, 671 128, 939 42.8

Slug. 61, 270 1100.0 Total 8, 901, 766 8, 522, 238 379, 528 4.3

» Increase. Following is a detailed tabulation showing the correction of linotype, monotype, stereotype, and electrotype metals for the fiscal
Report of the Technical Director 119

year 1933, including the quantity returned for remelting, correction

metals, dross, percentage increase due to correction, and percentage

loss due to dross, calculated on the quantity of metal remelted.

Metal corrections

Returned for remelting .pounds. . Correction metal used: Lead-antimony alloy 3 do Tin-antimony alloy .do Tin do Lead do

Total correction metal used. ..do

Total corrected metal do

Dross do

Increase due to correction percent.. Dross do

Linotype Monotype Stereotype Electro- type Slug

5, 715, 642 2, 023, 729 504, 913 I 170, 459 2 61, 270

3,58040

390

59, 955

10, 970

26, 055

3, 549 1,360

2,700

315

225

20, 065

75

1,675

63, 965

5, 742, 897

36, 910 1.12

.65

41, 934

2, 020, 578

45, 085

2. 07

2. 22

23. 305

526, 022

2, 196 4.61

.43

1, 750

171, 671 538

1.02

.31

1 Electrotype metal consists chiefly of shavings and trimmings which are remelted, pigged, and returned

to the Electrotype Section without being corrected.

2 Remelted only. Xo correction required as it is used for "solid body" work (metal base).

3 Lead-antimony alloy consists of approximately 60 percent lead and 40 percent antimony.

* Tin-antimony alloy consists of approximately 33 percent tin and 67 percent antimony.

The percentages of dross in linotype and monotype metals were

0.65 and 2.22, respectively, as compared with 0.38 and 1.83 last year. These increases over the previous year are due to interruption of use

of the dross renovator during the remodeling of the metal room.

Fifty thousand pounds of electrotype metal were obtained during

the year by exchange for old electrotype plates. Due to accumulation

of excess reserve linotype metal, 100,000 pounds of linotype slugs were

sold. Fourteen thousand seven hundred and twenty pounds of lino- type slugs were converted into monotype metal ; 6,300 pounds of old

electrotype plates were converted to stereotype metal, and 5,940

pounds of old electrotype plates to monotype metal.

During the fiscal year 101,959 pounds of electrotype shavings and

trimmings were melted, separated from the copper scraps and dross,,

pigged, and delivered to the Electrotype Section. N'o correction

metals were required in this work. This small total is accounted for

by the fact that remodeling of the metal room made it necessary to remelt most of the shavings and trimmings in the Electrotype Section.

For the Ludlow machines, 7,970 pounds of metal containing 6.5 percent tin and 11.5 percent antimony were made.

Forty-three thousand four hundred and twenty-nine pounds of

correction alloy were bought and 70,000 pounds of dross and 14,31^

pounds of electrotype shells were accepted as part payment thereon.

Included in the total amount of monotype metal corrected are

115,481 pounds of metal containing 10 percent tin, 19 percent antimony, and the remainder lead, which is used in rule casting and other

special monotype work.

PRINTING INKS

The production of printing inks for the fiscal year 1933 was 154,49&

pounds, a decrease of 101,328 pounds, or 39.6 percent, from last year. There were also produced 9,867 pounds of blue toner, 2,006 quarts of

ruling inks, 12,056 quarts of blue and red writing inks, and 316 quartsof striping ink for tabulating cards.
120 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The decrease in the production of printing inks was largely due to discontinuance of the manufacture of stamp-cancelation ink for the

Post Office Department.

Fifty-six special colors were matched by the staff of the ink plant

for the illustration section of the pressroom. Fourteen special colors were also matched for the Offset Section.

As a result of technical standardization of the inks used in this

office, standard inks for single- and four-color process work were

adopted. A process black was also developed and is now being used.

The work on ruling inks was continued during the year with the

development of waterproof ruling inks in colors as well as a jet black

waterproof ruling ink.

Considerable improvement of striping inks for tabulating cards was made by the purchase of better quality dyes. A new solvent was

found to permit the use of a larger range of colors. At the request of the Offset Press Division a denser black offset ink was made without the use of toner to be used on text only when an

extra strong ink is required.

In cooperation with the marbling section of the bindery a full line

of marbling pulp colors was developed, resulting in more uniform

quality products. Two hundred and five pounds of pulp colors were

manufactured.

At the request of various Government departments a number of new

inks were made, including instrument recording ink, laundry marking

ink, blue and black stencil ink, and special writing inks.

Work was done on the standardization of the raw materials enter- ing into the manufacture of printing inks. The specifications for sev- eral of the materials were revised and some materials formerly used were discontinued. Since the requirements of certain materials can- not be specified in chemical or numerical terms, a practical test has

been included in order to obtain satisfactory products.

A number of new pigments including blue, violet, and green tungstic toners and Hansa yellow w^ere added to replace the older and less suit- able dry colors. A new varnish was added for use in rotary press

inks.

The methods of news ink analyses were improved to give greater

accuracy and to shorten the time of analysis. A procedure for analyzing writing inks was developed for both research and routine

work.

An improvement was also made in the method for making photomicrographs of cross-section paper to show ink penetration.

A device was developed for determining the drying time of finished

printing inks. Its use, however, is limited to testing half-tone black

inks, but it is believed that by modification of the instrument its scope can be enlarged to include other classes of inks.

Examination of a large number of ink-making varnishes indicates

the need for standardization of this class of material. The work was

undertaken by the National Association of Printing Ink Manufacturers and recently by the American Paint and Varnish Manufacturers Association.

The amount of waste ink discarded during the year was 2,680

pounds. This waste ink as compared with that of 1923, before the
Report of the Technical Director 121

ink section was placed under the direction of the Division of Tests and Technical Control, was reduced from 13.4 percent to 1.6 percent

of the total production.

The following tabulation gives the amount of waste ink returned

to the ink section or discarded during the 11 years, together with the

percentage of the total production for each year:

fiscal year— Waste ink

Percent of waste to production

Fiscal year- Waste ink

Percent of waste to production

1923 -

Pounds

13, 650

14, 785

12, 350

9, 896

5, 520

5, 606

13.4

13.1 9.2

8.4

3.7

3.7

Poundf

3, 710 4,116

3, 830

2, 440

2, 680

2.3 2.3

2.1 1.0

1.6

1924 mo

1925 1931 1926 1932

1927 1933 1928The cooperative research work on news ink, which was completed

this year and published in Technical Bulletin No. 18, was conducted

under the supervision of the chemist in charge of ink work.

Since the withdrawal of the research associate of the American

Newspaper Publishers Association from the Government Printing

Office, samples of news ink submitted by members of the association are analyzed by the ink chemist of the Government Printing Office. PRESS ROLLERS, GLUES, AND PASTE

Press rollers manufactured during the year totaled 2,985, as compared with 3,311 for 1932, a decrease of 326, or 9.8 percent. A number of rubber rollers also were purchased for use on the Congressional

Record presses. A total of 76,038 pounds of molded glue was manufactured during

the fiscal year 1933, as compared with 76,367 pounds last year. Due to satisfactory service of the rollers and molded glue, there was no need for any change in the formulas or composition of these

materials.

During the past year 27,000 pounds of glucose-glycol paste were

prepared under the direction of the Division of Tests and Technical

Control. This paste was made in accordance with the modified for- mula developed by this office in cooperation with the Employing

Bookbinders of America.

The revised formula for glucose-glycol paste is as follows

Percent Water (added at the start) 35.0

Diettiylene glycol 10. 0 Glucose (43 percent Baume corn sirup) 20.0

Beta naphthol • 1 Ammonium alum • 3 Flour (soft winter wheat) 19-6 Water (condensation of cooking steam) 15.0 SUPPLIES FOR GOVERNMENT AGENCIES

As in previous years other Government agencies were furnished

with miscellaneous materials manufactured by the Government Printing Office.
122 Annual Report of the Public Printer

The total charge for such materials this year was $19,280, as compared with $38,129 last year. The estimated savings to the departments for the year were $15,000.

The following tabulation gives a comparison of the amounts of the

different materials furnished the Government agencies in the fiscal years 1932 and 1933

Materials furnished Governnient agencies 1932 1933

Mimeograph ink, black Pounds

49. 852

6, 886

283

J 11, 743

5, 929

59, 200

2, 756

19, 964

Pounds

46, 650

4, 791 135

1 12, 349

1.460

Printing inks, black and colored (including multigraph) Addressograph ink, blue and black Writing ink, blue, black, and red Stamp-pad and numbering-machine inks

Post-office stamp-canceling ink Molded glue, including canceling stamp composition - 2, 859 Paste 10, 516

J Quarts. PHOTO-ENGRAVING RESEARCH

An intensive study of the chemical substances employed in photoengraving processes has been made with a view to standardizing their

chemical and physical properties. A continuation of the research

outlined in last year's report has been extended to include the introduction of trichromatic photography in the reproduction of intricate

marble paper designs.

dragon's blood

The fundamental study of synthetic resins with a view to their

adoption as substitutes for the chemically more complicated natural

resins employed in the manufacture of commercial brands of dragon's

blood has been continued intermittently as the greater pressure of

other problems permitted.

Approximately 25 different synthetic resin mixtures have been

made and their characteristics studied in the experimental laboratory

etching plant with the aid of a stereoscopic binocular microscope.

Supplementing this laboratory study, these mixtures were given practical tests in the deep etching of zinc plates in the Photo-engraving

Section. The results obtained are promising, and, in some cases, these mixtures proved superior in certain respects to dragon's blood,

but none have yet been made to combine in a single mixture all of the

desirable characteristics. It is planned to continue this investigation

to incorporate all of the required physical properties into a single

composition.

COLLODION

Iodized collodion for wet-plate photography has been purchased

throughout the year on the basis of the specifications developed and

defined in the preceding annual report of the Public Printer. Collodion emulsion has been satisfactorily prepared and employed in

experimental trichromatic photography.

Stripping collodion is made in the Photo-engraving Section by dissolving nitrocellulose in an ether-alcohol solution. The nitrocellulose
Report of the Technical Director 123

used for this purpose is obtained in metal containers and is wetted

with water in order that it may conform to the safety requirements

for transportation and storage. It was found that the action of the

water on the container contaminated the nitrocellulose with rust, which was detrimental to the printing qualities of negatives flowed

with solutions made from such material.

To overcome this condition, the following specification has been pre- pared, through which a satisfactory nitrocellulose has been obtained

Nitrocellulose (low nitrogen content) —

Shall have a viscosity of 15-20 seconds when dissolved in sufficient quantity in a 50-50 ether-alcohol mixture to form a 12.2 percent solution (by weight) ; Shall be colorless and free from organic impurities, insoluble solids, or other

foreign matter

;

Shall be dehydrated with pure ethyl alcohol and contain at least 30 percent by

weight of pure ethyl alcohol when delivered in airtight metal containers. RUBBER SOLUTIONS

Commercial rubber solutions, employed in flowing negatives to pre- vent the solvent action of stripping collodion on the original film,

frequently present a rippled pattern upon evaporation of the solvent

benzol from the plate. This pattern interferes with the printing of

fine screen half-tones upon copper enamel. A technical study was

instituted to d'scover the cause of this pattern.

The data so far obtained indicate that an unequalized rate of evaporation of the benzol, due to the presence of traces of water or insoluble suspended matter, was a contributing cause in the formation of this

pattern.

A number of similar solvents in the same chemical series, such as toluene and xylene, jDossessing higher boiling points than benzol, were added in small amounts to control the evaporation rate. These substances tended to reduce the ripple pattern but did not completely

eliminate it. The following specification was drawn to cover the satisfactory

purchase of this commodity:

Rubber solution for photo-engraving use

Shall contain not less than 1,5 percent by weight of pure, pale, crepe rubber

dissolved in water-free benzol. Shall be free from insoluble suspended matter and without turbidity.

Viscosity : Not less than 425 millipoises.

The viscosity of a rubber solution of any given percentage by

weight is dependent upon the characteristics of the rubber, its degree

of milling, the action of time, light, and contact with certain' metals.

The decrease in the viscosity of rubber solutions in storage is greatly

accelerated by the presence of small amounts of acetic acid. For

these reasons it is well to avoid storage of large quantities of this

material and to standardize its use upon the basis of a desired vis- cosity for the type of work required rather than its rubber content. COLD TOP DEVELOPER

Experimental work indicated that a dilution with water of the

previous formula to an 80-82 percent alcoholic content speeded up

:the time of development of the enamel print. The dyestuff employed
124 Annual Report of the Public Printer

in this developer was changed from purple, formerly used, to a

basic green, which facilitates the observation of the action of the- dragon's blood during the etching process due to the contrasting^^ colors. This type of developer has been successfully prepared by the laboratory and employed in the Photo-engraving Section with several

brands of commercial cold top enamels throughout the year. POLISHED ZINC

An extensive study was made of photo-engraving zinc to determine

the chemical and physical structure of the metal most suitable to the

etching and routing processes. A technical discussion of the data

accumulated during this investigation lies outside the scope of the

present report. The conclusions drawn from this investigation

served to determine the limits of chemical composition of zinc best

adapted for producing fine line work on deep etched plates.

The following specification was drawn to cover the purchase of

this material:

Cadmium, not more than percent 0. 30

Lead, not more than do . 40

Iron, not more than do . 016

Zinc, not less than do 99. 3 Thickness (tolerance, plus or minus 0.002 inch) inch— .065

It should here be noted that the above specification does not constitute a formula for any particular brand of commercial zinc, nor

a recipe for the preparation of an engraving zinc of optimum quality. However, deliveries made in conformance with this specification,

have proven satisfactory.

CARBONS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC ARCS

A study was made in both the Photo-engraving and Offset Sections

of the electrical resistances across carbon arcs while in use. It was

found that a particular type of chemical cored carbon produced the

steadiest rate of burning and the maximum amount of actinic light,

giving most satisfactory photographic records. As a result of this

study, five of the six varieties of carbons formerly thought indispensable have been eliminated, and the supply carried in stock has

been reduced to a single suitable type.

CHEMICALS

Various chemicals used in photo-engraving and offset processes have

been studied and the effects of their impurities determined. Specifications for some of these materials have been developed, resulting in

improved operating conditions. Of such is the specification for

sodium sulphide used in finishing wet-plate negatives to increase their

opacity to light. Dark colored technical grades frequently contain

iron salts in such proportion as to cause yellow streaks or stains which

impair the printing quality of the negative by requiring a longertime of exposure to light to penetrate the stain.

Specification for sodium monosulphide

Shall consist of not less than 99 percent by weight of Na2S.9H,0 crystals-, which do not deliquesce at ordinary temperatures.
Report of tlie Technical Director 125

Water solution shall be colorless and free from insoluble matter.

Shall contain no iron, lead, or other metals. Shall be free from calcium salts. Delivery in 5-pound glass containers. SCKEEX SWEATING

By maintaining a silver nitrate bath temperature below that of the

half-tone screen, " fogging " and " sweating " of the screen was

entirely eliminated. Glass tubes, packed with ice, are immersed in

the silver nitrate baths to obtain this effect. Because of the satisfactory results obtained, the installation of an efficient and flexible temperature control is contemplated.

TjaCHROMATIC PHOTOGRAPHY

A laboratory investigation was made of the possibility of reproducing, by means of three-color photography, marbled paper, used

for end sheets in the bindery to match marbled book edges.

Formerly such designs were reproduced from hand-drawn copies of

the original marbled paper. Irregularities of form and color were

apparent in the offset prints made from such negatives.

A set of 60 experimental gelatine color filters of the "Wratten

type was obtained and their properties of separation of spectral wave lengths tested against the original colored hand-marbled patterns. Collodion emulsion, hypersensitized with dyestuffs appropriate to those parts of the spectrum to be photographically recorded, was used in connection with these absorption filters to produce the

color-record negatives without the use of an intervening screen. The " medium comb " marbled paper design was first used as copy

and satisfactorily reproduced by experimental test plates printed by

the lithographic process. Subsequent to this experimental test, regular negatives were prepared by the Photo-engraving Section and

printed to full sheet sizes, 25 by 30 inches, from zinc plates by the

Offset Section.

For this work, special yellow, red. and blue lithographic inks were made for the first time by the Division of Tests and Technical

Control, and were used successfully.

The results obtained were commended by the bindery for artistic appearance and faithful reproduction of the original.

This work marks the introduction of the three-color photographic

process into the Government Printing Office. No satisfactory^ equipment is at hand at present to adapt this three-color process to screen

sejDarations. Only line negatives, which are eminently suited to the

reproduction of marbled designs, have been attempted.

ELECTROTYPING RESEARCH

The study of applying silver films to electrotype molds has been

continued. The difficulty encountered last year in the tendency of the

sih'er film to peel from the wax in one place soon after the copper

deposition starts has not been overcome. However, some improvement in the adhesion of the silver film was obtained by brushing the wax mold before silvering on tj'pe, rule, and figure work.
126 Annual Report of the Public Printer

Another source of trouble was the occurrence of porous shells ; that

is, shells with side and type face holes. A probable cause of these

side holes was the use of talc as a dusting powder over the form in

molding instead of graphite. The former being a nonconductor, any

particle forced into the wax and not removed by subsequent " pumping

out " resulted in a hole in the shell when the copper was deposited

thereon. Apparently the success of eliminating porous shells depends

upon a fine molding releaser with the conductive properties of graphite.

It is hoped to find such a material.

New equipment consisting of an electrically heated wax-case storage

cabinet holding 105 cases, 13 by 24 inches in size, a case-stripping

table and two additional wax-melting kettles, all steam heated, were

installed in the Molding Section in January 1933. All the wax-melting equipment, consisting of case-stripping table and the five waxmelting kettles, were equipped with automatic temperature-control

devices.

The use of the new equipment resulted in the production of cases of

uniform quality, eliminating difficulties due to differences in the temperature of the wax at the time of molding and preventing overheating

of the wax. The semiautomatic copper electrotyping equipment has now been

in satisfactory use for 2 years. There were no further changes made

in the equipment from that reported last year.

Strict control was maintained over the copper, nickel, and chromium solutions and no changes were made in the operation of the

plating systems.

BOOKBINDING RESEARCH

The work on bookbinding research was conducted in cooperation

with the Employing Bookbinders of America.

BINDERS BOARD

Studies on binders board have been continued during the year. The work was confined chiefly to substitutes for binders board and

to other types of boards used by bookbinders for cover stiffening.

Tentative specifications for various classes and grades of paper

board used for bookbinding purposes have been submitted to the

research committee of the Employing Bookbinders of America.

BOOK CLOTH

The study of the qualities of book cloth made in cooperation with

the Employing Bookbinders of America was completed during the

year. There were tested 255 samples, representing 69 commercial

grades of material.

The information obtained from this investigation was used in

revising the specifications of some of the book cloths purchased by

this Office. Tentative specifications for the more competitive grades of book

cloth have been submitted to the research committee of the Employing Bookbinders of America by their research associate and are now

und^r consideration by a joint committee of the Employing Bookbinders of America and the manufacturers of book cloth.
Beport of the Technical Director 127

PYKOXYLIN-TREATED FABRICS

Within the past 2 years a new pyroxylin-treated fabric for cover- ing books has been placed on the market. This material differs from

pyroxylin-coated fabrics in that the fabric is impregnated with a pyroxylin base instead of being merely coated. The impregnated

fabrics often resemble in appearance the starch-filled fabrics generally designated as book cloth. The research associate of the Employing Bookbinders of America

has made numerous tests on the pyroxylin-impregnated fabrics obtained from various manufacturers and has submitted a report of this

work to the research committee of his association.

GLUE

The research associate of the Employing Bookbinders of America

made a study during the year of the glues used by various members

of the association. The data obtained indicate that the grades of glue

used varied widely even for the same type of work. In a report to the association the research associate pointed out the need of a better

understanding by some bookbinders of the quality of glue used and

submitted specifications for three grades of glue. It was recommended that glue be purchased according to definite

specifications for jell strength, viscosity, and pH value and that where

only one grade of glue is used, glue of relatively high jell strength

should be purchased. This type of glue absorbs more water than the

lower grades and can be thinned to any desired consistency depending

upon the type of work.

As a result of tests of deliveries to this office the requirements for

viscosity and jell strength of the specifications for glue were modified this year to conform to the limits adopted by the National

Association of Glue Manufacturers.

BRONZE STAMPING LEAF

Technical Bulletin No. 17, entitled " Evaluation of Bronze Stamping Leaf ", published last year, furnished valuable information as to the quality of the various brands of bronze stamping leaf offered to the trade, and described the various tests used in evaluating this

material. As a result of the information furnished in this bulletin

the manufacturers improved the quality of some of their brands and

also placed new brands on the market.

The research associate of the Employing Bookbinders of America

obtained and tested 30 samples of bronze stamping leaf from 10

manufacturers and dealers. The tests described in Technical Bulletin

No. IT were repeated with some slight modifications. The testing

procedure as modified during the course of the investigation is now

used by this Office in testing deliveries of bronze stamping leaf. NEWSPRINT AND NEWS INK RESEARCH

The cooperative study of newsprint and news ink with the mechanical department of the American Newspaper Publishers Association

which was started in 1928 was brought to a close April 30, 1933, as 21674—34 9
128 Annual Report of the Public Printer

the laboratory work had reached the point where practical applications could be made of the laboratory experiments.

A report on the whole program was presented at the seventh

mechanical conference of the American Newspaper Publishers Association at Pittsburgh on June 6, 7, and 8, 1933. The report was

printed as Government Printing Office Technical Bulletin No. 18. Favorable comments on the newsDrint and news-ink bulletin were

received from technical experts of foreign countries as well as of the

United States. The following are excerpts from some of the letters received

From Prof. K. H. Broum, technical director, money-printing plant

of the Austrian National Bank, Vienna, June 19, 1933

This work in particular has a very great value and gives information in many

matters on printing and ink. I congratulate you sincerely on this valuable

contribution. From Dr. G. L. Riddell, technical director, British Printing

Industry Research Association, London, June 23, 1933

I should like to thank you for sending me this valuable publication and I shall be grateful if you will convey to all those connected with this work my

congratulations on a good piece of work w^ell done. In my opinion the printing

industry needs more research work of this nature. From W. N. Bacon, consulting chemist, Sindall & Bacon, London,

June 28, 1933

Like all the others you have sent me, it appears very interesting and is well worth keeping for future reference. From Dr. Ludwig Clemm of the J. W. Zanders Paper Mills,

Bergisch-Gladbach, Germany, June 27, 1933

It has been of special interest to us to learn which methods and apparatus you have found best for practical use. From Dr. Ir. L. DeWeerd, chief chemist, John Enschede en Zonen,

Haarlem, Holland, July 3, 1933

We have received your bulletin no. 18 on newsprint and news ink and beg to say that we appreciate very much your kindness. By your former bulletins we could follow the development of your research from year to year. Now^ that you have finished and summarized the work, w^e believe you have given a valuable contribution to the knowledge of technologic

printing factors, for which we ourselves and every other printer in the world

lias to be very thankful. From Dr. Harry F. Lewis, professor of organic chemistry, the

Institute of Paper 'Chemistry, Appleton, Wis., June 13, 1933:

There is an enormous amount of data accumulated and I can appreciate the

fact that it represents a big job.

PUBLICATIONS

During the year the following publications were prepared by the

Division of Tests and Technical Control

The Bekk Smoothness Tester as an Aid in Studying the Printing Quality of Paper.

Newsprint and News Ink, Technical Bulletin No. 18. Technical Bulletin No. 18 is the final report of the cooperative re- search conducted by the mechanical department of the American

Newspaper Publishers Association and the Division of Tests and
Report of the Technical Director 129

Technical Control of the Government Printing Office. Owing to the

great demand for this bulletin not more than one copy can be supplied

gratis on request. Additional copies may be obtained from the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C., at 15 cents each.

The following is a complete list of Technical Bulletins issued by

the Government Printing Office

*No. 1. Determination of Fiber Content of Paper. 1923. *No. 2. Tentative Specifications for Bond and Ledger Papers. (Superseded by- no. 4.) 1925. *No. 3. Technical Investigations. 1927. No. 4. Proposed Specifications for Bond and Ledger Papers. 1928. *No. 5. Training and Research at the Government Printing OflSce. 1929'. *No. 6. The Necessity for Research in the Printing Industry. 1929. No. 7. Analysis of Some English Bookbinding Leathers. 1929. No. 8. Preliminary Report on the Determination of pH Values and Total

Acidity in Paper. 1930. *No. 9. Progress Report on Study of News Ink and Newsprint. ( Superseded by

no. 18.) 1930. No. 10. Technical Specifications for Paper Users. 1980'. *No. 11. Progress Report on the Determination of pH Values and Total Acidity

in Paper. 1930. No. 12. A Study of Methods of Evaluation of Kraft Paper. 1931. No. 13. Second Progress Report on Study of News Ink and Newsprint. ( Super- seded by no. 18.) 1931. No. 14. Bindery Adhesives. 1931. No. 15. Standard Mimeograph Ink and Paper. 1932. No. 16. Third Progress Report on Study of News Ink and Newsprint. (Super- seded by no. 18.) 1932. No. 17. The Evaluation of Bronze Stamping Leaf. 1933. No. 18. Newsprint and News Ink. (Supersedes nos. 9, 13, and 16.) 1933. OTHER ACTIVITIES

The Division of Tests and Technical Control has rendered valuable

assistance to other Government departments, including Interior,

Agriculture, Commerce, Navy, Veterans' Administration, and Library

of Congress, on problems pertaining to paper, ink, glues, tabulating

cards, etc. Technical service was rendered the Folger Shakespeare Library

in furnishing specifications and testing of paper and boards for per- manent file and mountings, and testing of leather for compliance with

specifications for durable bookbinding leather. The Division has also been consulted on numerous occasions by

headquarters staff of the United Typothetae of America in regard to various problems pertaining to ink and paper.

CENTURY OF PROGRESS EXPOSITION

In the exhibit of the Government Printing Office at the Century of

Progress Exposition in Chicago is a display of the various activities of the Division of Tests and Technical Control. Photographs show

the laboratory with the chemists engaged in research and technical

work, an ink plant with the modern equipment including high-speed

four-roller ink mills, the roller and glue room with mechanically

agitated pots for the production of composition rollers and molded

* Out of print.
130 Annual Report of the Public Printer

glues, and the metal room with its four melting furnaces and new

semiautomatic system for handling metal and ingots.

At the Chicago exposition were also shown samples and charts of

the materials that enter into bookbinding and the manufacture of

paper, ink, and type metal. Photomicrographs show the crystalline structure of type metals and stained paper fibers as they appear under

a microscope.

A chart shows the functions of the Division of Tests and Technical Control as related to the various divisions of the Government

Printing Office. CORRESPONDENCE

Approximately 1,800 letters were received during the year. These

letters requested information relating to the printing, binding, and

allied industries. Eequests for Government Printing Office bulletins were so numerous that the stock of some of the bulletins was quickly

depleted, necessitating reprints.

COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP

The Technical Director is a member of the paper specifications

committee of the Joint Committee on Printing; executive committee

of the Federal Specification Board; the pulp and paper committee

of the Printing Industries Division of the American Society of

Mechanical Engineers ; the paper-testing committee, permanence and

durability subcommittee, and chairman of the subcommittee on ink

resistance of printing papers of the Technical Association of the

Pulp and Paper Industry; the Standards Council of the American

Standards Association; the advisory committee on lithographic

papers for the Lithographic Technical Foundation ; and the advisory

committee on permanent papers for the National Research Council.

Respectfully submitted.

M. S. Kantrowitz,

Acting Technical Director.

o
INDEX

TO

ANNUAL REPORT OF THE

PUBLIC PRINTER

1933

131

21674—34 1

INDEX

A

A.A. A. See Agricultural Adjustment Administration.

Abolishment. See Discontinuance. Absence: Page

Furloughs 34

Illness, time lost on account of 94

Leave:Complications under Economy Acts 5-7

Decisions of Comptroller General 5, 6- Military leave 96/ See also Economy Acts; Pay; Public Documents Division. Accidents. See Hospital.

Accounting Division. See Superintendent of Accounts and Budget

Officer. Accounts: Deposit of miscellaneous receipts in Treasury 2, 3 Expenditures 1 Moneys received, the source, and Treasury deposit, table 106 Operating expenses for fiscal year, table 108

See also Finances; Statistical tables; Superintendent of Accounts and

Budget Officer; Unexpended balances. Accounts Division. See Superintendent of Accounts and Budget Officer. Accounts, Superintendent of. See Superintendent of Accounts and

Budget Officer. Acidity. See Paper. Acts of Congress. See references under Laws.

Addresses. See Eulogies.

Adjustment Administration. See Agricultural Adjustment Administration. Adoption of 5-da3- work week. See Hours of labor. Advisory Board. See Department Advisory Board.

Age. See Retirement.

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (A. A. A.): Printing matter ordered 35, 41-42

Publications mailed 47

Agriculture Department, printing and binding for 29, 30

See also Agriculture Yearbook; Farmers' bulletins; Soil Surveys.

Agriculture Yearbook, printing, binding, cost, etc 30, 46

Air. See Compressed air. Allotments. See Appropriations.

Alloys. See Metal.

Alterations. See names of divisions, etc. American National Red Cross, contributions from employees 95 American Newspaper Publishers Association: Cooperation with Tests and Technical Control Division 57, 127 Membership of Public Printer 57 Report in cooperation with

Tests and Technical Control Division 57, 128

Same, summary of report 58

Annual leave. See Absence. Annual reports. See Reports.

Annuities. See Retirement.

Appointments. See Apprentices; Employees, Number.

Appreciation. See Commendation; Public Printer. 133
Index

Apprentices: I'age Academic studies required 79 Apprentice School established by PubKc Printer 78 Commendation:

Binding work on exhibit at Century of Progress 78, 87 Deputy Public Printer Greene's supervision of apprentices 77

Public Printer Carter's interest in apprentices 76 Work of apprentices 77 Graduation exercises for class of 1933 75, 98 High award in Nation-wide competition of vocational schools 77 National Guard enhstment 96 Number

Appointed since July 5, 1922 78 Enrollment on December 1, 1933 78

Graduates, including 1933 78

Supervision by Deputy Public Printer 75-81 Textbook prepared under direction of Deputy Pubhc Printer Greene. _ 79

Appropriations: For fiscal years 1931, 1932, and 1933, tables 104

Recapitulation 105 Resources and liabilities 103

See also Unexpended balances; also subject or division, etc., for which

appropriation is made.

Approval. See Commendation.

Arbitration. See Wages.

Arcs. See Carbons.

Assemblies. See Harding Hall. Associations. See Organizations; also name of association.

Athletics: Baseball 96 Basket ball 96 Bowling 96

Golf 96 Tennis 96 Attorney General. See Justice Department.

Auditorium. See Harding Hall. Automobiles. See Motor vehicles. B

Baseball. See Athletics. Basket ball. See Athletics. Bekk smoothness tester. See Paper.

Benefit associations, in Government Printing Office 95

Bibliographies. See Catalogs of Government publications; Indexes. Bicentennial Commission. See Washington Bicentennial Commission.

Bills (publications). See Congress.

Binders board. See Bookbinding materials. Bindery:

New equipment 73

" Tipping " devices on folding machines 65 Work of 12, 34, 35, 44

See also Bookbinding materials. Bindery glue. See Glues. Binding. See Bookbinding materials; Public printing and binding.

Binding Division. See Bindery.

Blank books 11 Blank forms. See Forms.

Blocking room, improvements 72 Bookbinders of America, Employing. See Employing Bookbinders of America.

Bookbinding materials: Binders board 56, 126 Book cloth 56, 126 Bronze stamping leaf ^ 56, 127

Pyroxylin-treated fabrics 56, 127

See also Glues.
Index 135

Books: Page

Job printing in place of book work 34 Textbook prepared under the direction of Deputy Public Printer Greene 79

See also Blank books; Bookbinding materials; Government publications; Offset work.

Bowling. See Athletics. Boy Scouts of America, appreciation of printing 32 Bronze leaf. See Bookbinding materials. Buckingham, William C. See Orchestra. Budget. See Accounts. Budget Bureau, letter relative to proposed economy in patent printing 28 Budget Officer for Government Printing Office. See Superintendent of Accounts and Budget Officer. Building Section, work of 66

Buildings. See Building Section; Government Printing Office; Mainte- nance Division.

Bulletins. See Farmers' bulletins. Bureau. See name of bureau. Bush, Dr. Daniel P. See Medical and Sanitary Director. Business. See Government Printing Office. C

C.W.A. See Civil Works Administration.

Cafeteria: Conformance with N.R.A. codes 96 Number of employees 96 Number of meals served 96

Receipts and expenditures 96

Service 96

See also G.P.O. Cafeteria and Recreation Association. Calendar of Harding Hall events 97-99

Cannon, Raymond J. (Representative from Wisconsin):

Printing of speeches, statement and reply of the Public Printer ^ 15

Capitol: Floor space used by Government Printing Office 64 Power plant, connection with Government Printing Office 66 Carbons 55, 124

Cards. See Catalog cards; Forms; Postal Service; Tabulating cards. Carpenter Section: Cabinets and frames constructed for displavs at Century of Progress- _ 86 Work of I 66

Carter, George H. See Public Printer. Casting machines. See Type-casting machines.

Catalog cards: Printing and sale 10 Reproduction by offset process 10 Catalogs of Government publications, compiled in Office of Superintendent

of Documents, status of Document Catalog 50, 51 Census Bureau:

Fifteenth Census (1930), printing and binding 25

Printing and binding for 25, 45 Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, 1933: Binding work of apprentices at Century of Progress praised 78, 87

Exhibits of'

Apprentices 78, 87 Government Printing Office 86-89

Government Printing Office in connection with other department

exhibits 88

Tests and Technical Control Division 87-88, 129 Changes in personnel. See Employees, Number.

Charges (cost). See Cost. Checks, printing of 43-44

Chemicals 55, 124

Chicago, HI. See Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, 1933. Chorus 97

Civil Service Commission, printing for 44

Ii
136 Index

Civil-service pensions. See Retirement.

Civil Works Administration (C.W.A.): Page

Printing matter ordered 35, 43-44

Publications mailed : 44, 47

Claims, of Government Printing Office employees allowed by United States Employees' Compensation Commission 94

See also Death.

Cloth. See Bookbinding materials. Codes. See Codes of laws; National Recovery Administration.

Codes of laws:

District of Columbia Code, 1929 edition, first supplement 21 United States Code, supplements 20, 21 Cold top developer 55, 123

Collecting system. See Dust-collecting system.

Collective bargaining. See Wages.

Collodion 55, 122, 125

Colors. See Marbling.

Commendation

Binding work of apprentices on exhibit at Century of Progress 78, 87 Comments on Style Manual 84, 85 Government boards participating in revision of Style Manual 83

Letters, etc., to

Public Printer 19, 20, 22, 31, 32, 37, 38, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 76, 80, 88, 89, 95

Public Printer, Deputy 77, 80

Technical Director 128

Service rendered Government by Federal employees 45 Work of apprentices 77

See also Resolutions. Commerce Department:

Economies in patent printing 26-28

Printing and binding for 25

Publications, number printed 25 Commercial printing:

Large orders placed with contractors 46 Lithographs and engravings ^ 46 Commission. See name of commission.

Committees, of Congress, printing of hearings, etc 17 See also Congressional documents and reports; also names of committees or subject involved. Community Chest. See Washington, D.C. Compensation. See Pay, and references. Compensation Commission. See United States Employees' Compensation

Commission,

Compliments. See Commendation,

Composition, reduction 34

See also Type.

Compressed air 68 Comptroller General:

Decisions: Contracts 39-40 Leave 5, 6 Concerts, in Harding Hall 97 Condemned stock, machinery, and material sold 111 Conference, See name of conference. Confidential publications. See Executive Journals of Senate, Congratulations, See Commendation.

Congress:

Adjustment of accounts with Government Printing Office 3 Appreciation of Senate of binding of original documents of George

Washington 22

Bills and resolutions, printing 17 Charges for work executed for Congress, tables 8, 107

Printing and binding for 15, 17 Cost 13 See also Committees; Congressional documents and reports; Congressional Record; Eulogies; Executive Journals of Senate;

Speeches.
Index 137

Page

Congressional documents and reports, duplication 51 See also Governmeni publications; Indexes. Congressional Record:

Free distribution 15

Printing, binding, etc ^ 14, 46

Sales 15 Subscription price 15 Conservation Work. See Emergency Conservation Work.

Construction and Maintenance Division. See Maintenance Division. Contractors. See Commercial printing.

Contracts, decision of Comptroller General 39-40

See also subject involved, e.g.. Paper.

Contributions

Of employees to

American National Red Cross 95 Community Chest 95 Other charitable organizations 95

See also Retirement fund. Cooperation:

Public Printer and National Recovery Administration 38-39

Tests and Technical Control Division and

American Newspaper Publishers Association 57, 127 Employing Bookbinders of America 56, 126 Standards Bureau 116 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 117 Correspondence. See Letters. Cost:Charges for work 7 Tables 8, 107 Itemized cost of work, table 109

See also subject involved, e.g.. Public printing and binding.

Cottonseed industry reports. See Federal Trade Commission.

Credit. See references under Appreciation.

Credit Administration. See Farm Credit Administration.

Cuts. See Photo-engraving Section. D

Death:

Claims paid by Group Life Insurance Association 95 Number of deaths 33

See also Benefit associations. Death benefit associations. See Benefit associations; Government Print- ing Office Group Life Insurance Association. Decisions

Of Comptroller General: Contracts 39-40 Leave 5, 6 Delivery. See Hauling and delivery.

Department Advisorv Board, recommended publication of text of Stvle Manual 81, 82 Departments. See Executive departments and independent establish- ments; also names of departments.

Depository libraries. See Libraries. Deputy Public Printer (John Greene):

Supervision of apprentices 75-81 Textbook prepared for apprentices 79

See also Commendation.

Designated depository librarfes. See Libraries. Designs. See Patent Office. Dining room. See Cafeteria. Director of Bureau of the Budget. See Budget Bureau.

Disability annuties. See Retirement.

Disbursements. See Accounts. Discarded publications. See Government publications.

Discontinuance, of Document Index 51
138 Index

Distribution. See Government publications; Selection plan for depository library distribution. District of Columbia. See Washington, D.C.

Divisions. See names of divisions. Document Catalog. See Catalogs of Government publications.

Document Index. See Indexes. Document slips. See Franks. Documents. See Congressional documents and reports; Government

publications.

Documents, Superintendent of. See Public Documents Division. Page Dragon's blood 55, 122, 124

Dross. See Metal. Drum and bugle corps 96

Dust-collecting system 70, 72 E

E.C.W. See Emergency Conservation Work.

Earnings. See Pay, and references. Economy. See Economy Acts; Savings and economies.

Economy Acts: Amounts impounded by Economy Acts and returned to the Treasury. _ 2, 4

Complications under 4-7

Electric power reports. See Federal Trade Commission.

Electrical equipment, survey 64

Electrical Section, work of 64

Electricity: Electric current used 66

Savings in 66, 68

See also Capitol, Power plant; Government Printing Office, Power

plant.

Electrotype backing metal. See Metal. Electrotype plates:

Made for Bureau of Engraving and Printing 30 Output 12 Electrotyping, research 125

Elevators, freight, for loaded motor trucks 69

Embossed stationery. See Stationery.

Emergency activities. See Recovery and relief activities. Emergency Conservation Work (E.C.W.)

:

Printing matter ordered 35, 43

Emergency employees. See Employees.

Emergency hospital. See Hospital.

Emergency Relief Administration. See Federal Emergency Relief Administration. Emergency work. See Recovery and relief activities. Employees:

Number 2, 92, 93

Appointments 93 Married employees retained in the service 33 Married employees separated from the service 33, 93 Number, changes in personnel, etc 2, 33, 93, 94

Temporary and emergency employees necessitated bv recovery and

relief activities 1 2,33,34,93

Turn-over. See, above, Number.

War veterans, number employed 95

See also Absence; Claims; Economy Acts; Pay; Promotions; Public Documents Division; Retirement; Retirement fund; Women.

Employees' Compensation Commission. See United States Employees'

Compensation Commission.

Employees Group Life Insurance Association. See Government Printing

Office Group Life Insurance Association. Employing Bookbinders of America:

Cooperation with Tests and Technical Control Division 56, 126 Recommendation of research assistant, quality of glue 127

Resolution expressing appreciation of assistance rendered in research

' work 56
Index 139

Employment. See Hours of labor. Page

Employment Service, letters of appreciation to the Public Printer 42-43

See also National Reemployment Service. Endorsements. See Resolutions. Engraving. See Photo-engraving.

Engraving and Printing Bureau:

Appreciation of cooperation of Public Printer rendered during the banking emergency 31

Relief printing done at Government Printing Office 30 Engraving Section. See Photo-engraving Section. Engravings, furnished by commercial printers 46

Envelop-sealing machines 36

Envelops. See Stationery.

Equipment. See Machines and machinery; Maintenance Division;

also name of division or special subject.

Eulogies, printing, binding, cost, etc 20 Executive departments and independent establishments: Appreciation of participation in revision of Style Manual 83 Appropriations for printing and binding 4 Charges for work executed for departments, etc., tables 8, 107

Exhibits at Centurv of Progress included Government Printing Office exhibits ' 88 Government publications, printing as Senate and House documents 51 Participation in preparation of Stvie Manual revision 81 Printing and binding

10,

11, 23, 99

Printing and binding for executive departments:

Agriculture 29, 30 Commerce 25

Interior 31

Justice 31 Labor 31 Navv 31 Post Office (Postal Service) 23, 24

State 31 Treasurv 31 War___: 18,31

Technical service rendered by Tests and Technical Control Division 129

See also Government publications; Permanent Conference on Printing; Recovery and relief activities; Reports; Supplies; also names of departments, commissions, etc. Executive Journals of Senate, Fifty-seventh to Seventy-second Congresses,

inclusive 19

Exhibits. See Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, 1933. Expenditures. See Accounts; Finances; also names of divisions, offices,

etc., and subjects for which expenditures are made.

Expositions. See Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, 1933. Extension to Government Printing Office. See Government Printing

Office, Buildings. Extra hours. See Hours of labor, F

F.C.A. See Farm Credit Administration. F.C.T. See Federal Coordinator of Transportation. F.E.R.A. See Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

Fabrics. See Bookbinding materials. Farm Credit Administration (F.C.A.)

:

Publications mailed 47 Farmers' bulletins, number printed, congressional allotment, etc 29

Federal Coordinator of Transportation (F.C.T.)

:

Printing matter ordered 35

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (F.E.R.A.):

Printing matter ordered 35

Publications mailed 47

Federal Government. See Government.

Federal Trade Commission:

Reports chargeable to Congress:

Cottonseed industry 19

Electric power and gas utility companies 18
140 Index

Fifteenth Census. See Census Bureau. Finance Corporation. See Reconstruction Finance Corporation.

Finances:

Tables: Page

Charges for work 8, 107

Financial statement, 3-year period 104 Itemized cost of work 109 Moneys received 106 Operating expenses, productive only 108

Receipts from sales of wastes 111 Resources and liabilities 103 Working capital 3, 6, 9 See also Accounts.

Fire, old buildings, fire hazard reduced 64

Five-and-one-half-day work week. See Hours of labor. Five-day work week. See Hours of labor. Flexible glues. See glues. Floor space. See Government Printing Office, buildings.

Folding machines. See Bindery.

Folger Shakespeare Library, technical service rendered by Tests and

Technical Control Division 129 Food. See Cafeteria. Force. See Employees.

Foreign countries, comments on Newsprint and News Ink Bulletin 128

Foreign language supplement to Style Manual. See Style Manual.

Foreign Wars, Veterans of. See Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Forest Service: Care and speed in printing praised by 20

Printing of A National Plan for American Forestry 20

Forestry, printing of A National Plan for American Forestry 20 Forms:

Issued from stock of Stores Division 62

Printed for

Biennial census of manufactures for 1933 45

Civil Service Commission 44

Civil Works Administration 44

Standardization of printed forms 91 See also Income-tax blanks; Job printing.

Forty-four hour work week. See Hours of labor. Forty-hour work week. See Hours of labor. Franked envelops. See Stationery.

Franks, charges for document slips 16 Free distribution. See Government publications.

Freight, outgoing 62

Freight elevators. See Elevators. Funds. See Appropriations; Contributions; Finances; Retirement fund; Treasury; Unexpended balances. Furloughs. See Absence. G Street extension. See Government Printing Office, buildings. G.P.O. Cafeteria and Recreation Association, receipts, expenditures, etc_ _ 96 G.P.O. Style Manual. See Style Manual.

Gas, consumption 66 Gas utility reports. See Federal Trade Commission.

Gazette. See Patent Office. General Accounting Office. See Comptroller General. George Washington Bicentennial Commission. See Washington Bicentennial Commission.

Glucose-glycol paste. See Glues.

Glues:Bookbinding materials 56, 127

Glucose-glycol paste 55, 121

. Manufacture of 55, 121
Index 141

Golf. See Athletics. Page

GovernmeDt, suit with tabulating-machine companies 10

See also Economy Acts Government contracts. See Contracts. Government employees. See Employees.

Government establishments. See Executive departments and independent

establishments. Government printing. See Public printing and binding.

Government Printing Office: Appropriations. See Appropriations.

Buildings: Alterations and repairs 62, 64

Floor space 64 Maintenance and upkeep 7

Buildings (new warehouse extension)

Facilities 64

Buildings (old buildings)

Fire hazard reduced 64 Replacement recommended 74-75

Surveys for improvements 64

Business: Printing of reports discontinued 99

Statistical tables 103

See also Accounts.

Cooperation. See Cooperation.

Exhibit at Century of Progress 86-89

In connection with other department exhibits 88

Expenditures. See Accounts. London School of Printing, inspection of office 80 Mechanical progress made in recent years 67-74

Power plant:

Connection with Capitol power plant 66 Improvements 67

Production, costs and records 7, 10 Resources 1 Sanitation 66, 95

See also Economy Acts; Employees; Public Printer; Work; also subject involved, e.g., Hours of labor; Public printing and binding.

Government Printing Office Cafeteria and Recreation Association. See G.P.O. Cafeteria and Recreation Association. Government Printing Office Group Life Insurance Association, information concerning 95 Government publications: Distribution 47,48

Distribution (free) 47

Distribution to libraries. See Libraries. Number of copies discarded 47

Printed and bound 10 Printed for Congress, departments, and independent establishments,

number printed upon requisition, table 111 Received and distributed by Superintendent of Documents 47, 48

Restoration of old documents 21, 22, 23

Sales 2,48-49

See also Catalogs of Government publications; Congressional docu- ments and reports; Congressional Record; Indexes; Libraries; Offset work; Public Documents Division; Public printing and binding;

Selection plan for depository library distribution. Graduation. See Apprentices. Green Room. See Rest and recreation rooms.

Greene, John. See Deputy Public Printer. Group Life Insurance Association. See Government Printing Office Group Life Insurance Association. Guide. See Postal Guide.

Gutenberg Bible. See VoUbehr folio.
142 Index

H

H.O.L.C. See Home Owners' Loan Corporation.

Half holidays. See Holidays.

Halftones. See Photo-engraving Section. Hanson, Alfred E. See Maintenance Division. Harbors. See Rivers and harbors. Harding Hall: Pa?e Calendar of events during 1933 97-99

Convocation in honor of London School of Printing 80 Graduation exercises, apprentice class of 1933 75, 98 HauKng and delivery 61, 62

Hearings. See Committees.

Heat. See Capitol, Power plant; Government Printing Office, Power

plant. Historic papers, restoration, binding, etc 21, 22, 23

Holidays:

Employees excused from duty Dec. 23 and 30, 1933, Executive order__ 45 Saturday half holiday, complications under Economy Acts 4, 5 Work 36

See also Economy Acts; Pay.

Home Owners' Loan Corporation (H.O.L.C):

Printing matter ordered 35, 45

Publications mailed 47

Hospital: Cases treated, etc 94

Service extended to city post-office employees 94 Hours of labor: Five-and-one-half-day week ^ 4, 5 See also Economy Acts. Five-day week 4, 5 See also Economy Acts. Hours of extra work 36

See also Economy Acts; Holidays; Overtime; Sunday.

House of Representatives. See Congress.I

Illness. See Absence; Benefit associations; Hospital.

Impounding. See Treasury.

Impressions, increase- 34 Income-tax blanks, printing of 31 Independent establishments. See Executive departments and independent establishments.

Indexes, Document Index compiled in Office of Superintendent of Documents discontinued 51 Indorsements. See Resolutions. Information requested. See Questionnaire.

Injured employees. See Hospital.

Ink section, work of 55

Inks:Information concerning

News ink 57, 121, 127

Printing inks 55, 119 Stamp-cancelation inks 55, 120 Waste inks 55, 120, 121 Writing inks 55,119

Standardization of inks and ink materials 120 Inland Printer, article commending work of apprentices 77

Inquiries. See Questionnaire.

Installation of equipment. See Maintenance Division. Instruction books. See Books.

Insurance. See Government Printing Office Group Life Insurance Association. Interior Department:

Printing and binding for 31 Publications printed, number 31 Inventive work. See Mechanics.
Index 143

Inventory: Page

Paper and materials on hand 3 Quantity and cost of paper, envelops, material and machinery on hand J I 110

Investigations. See Tests and Technical Control Division; also subject

involved, e.g., Paper.

J

Job printing, in place of book work

Jobs. See Government Printing Office, Production; Large jobs; also names of divisions, etc. Johnson, Gen. Hugh S., N.R.A. Administrator:

Letter from the Public Printer pledging cooperation

Letters of General Johnson to the Public Printer

Joint Committee on Printing:

Approved:

Discontinuance of Document Index

Public Printer's recommendation for replacing old buildings

Directed that type set for printing eulogies in Congressional Record

be used again for memorial volumes

Interest in patent printing economies

Paper contracts Journals of Senate. See Executive Journals of Senate.

Justice Department:

Printing and binding for Publications printed, number

K

Kantrowitz, Morris S. See Tests and Technical Control Division. L

Labels. See Franks. Labor, expenditures, etc 2, 9 See also Hours of labor. Labor Department:

Printing and binding for 31 Publications printed, number 31 Labor-saving equipment 69 Labor turn-over. See Employees, Number.

Laboratory work. See Tests and Technical Control Division. Large jobs, Immense orders for recovery and relief activities. 34, 35, 36-38, 41-46

Laundry, operation of 66 Laws. See Codes of laws; Economy Acts; also subject. Leave of absence. See Absence. Leave pay. See Pay.

Legislation. See Congress, Bills and resolutions; also subject. Letterheads. See Stationery.

Letters. See Commendation; Tests and Technical Control Division.

Libraries: Depository libraries: Distribution of Government publications to . 47

Distribution of Government publications to, questionnaire 49, 50 Views of Superintendent of Documents 50

See also Catalog cards; Folger Shakespeare Library; Library of Congress; Public Library; Selection plan for depository library

distribution. Library of Congress:

Appreciation of service rendered in preparation of printed broadsides Floor space used by Government Printing Office See also Catalog cards. Life Insurance Association. See Government Printing Office Group Life Insurance Association. Line cuts. See Photo-engraving Section. Linotype metal. See Metal.

34

38-39

39, 46

517520

26

62

31

31

64
144 Index

Linot3-pe operators. See Operators. Page

Lithographs, furnished by commercial printers 46 Loan Corporation. See Home Owners' Loan Corporation.

London School of Printing:

Token of appreciation sent to Public Printer 80

Visit to Government Printing Office 80 M

Machine Section: Inventive work of mechanics 65 New equipment 65 Work of 65 Machines and machinery:

Condemned machinery sold 111 Inventory, cost of machinery, etc., on hand 110 Purchases 1, 3 Survey for safeguards on machines 65

See also Maintenance Division; Printing presses; Type-casting machines; Woodworking machinery.

Maintenance Division: Employees, number 63

Increase in floor space and equipment 63 Report of mechanical progress made in recent years 67-74

Work of 62-74

Manual of Style. See Style Manual.

Manuscripts. See Historic papers. Marbling:

Pulp colors 55, 120 Trichromatic photography 56, 125 Married employees. See Employees, Number.

Materials. See Supplies.

Matrices 12 Meals. See Cafeteria. Mechanical progress of Government Printing Office made in recent years. 67-74

Mechanical Superintendent. See Maintenance Division. Mechanics, inventive work 65 Mechanization. See Metal Section. Medical and Sanitary Director: Report, extract from 95 Work of 94

See also Hospital.

Medical cases. See Hospital.

Members of Congress. See Congress.

Memorial addresses. See Eulogies. Metal:Electrotype backing metal 54, 118

Linotype, monotype, and stereotype metal 54, 55, 118 Remelted 54

Slug metal 118

Standardization 118 Storage 54 Type-metal dross 55, 118 Metal Section: Equipment 54 Mechanization of metal room 71 Work of 54

Military leave. See Absence.

Military preference. See Veteran preference.

Mimeograph ink. See Inks. Miscellaneous receipts. See Accounts. Moisture in paper. See Paper.

Molded glue. See Glues. Molding Section, new equipment 126 Money-order work. See Postal Service. Moneys received. See Accounts. Monotype casting machines. See Type-casting machines.

Monotype keyboard operators. See Operators.

Monotype metal. See Metal.
Index 145

Motor vehicles: Page

Deliveries by fleet of trucks 62

Freight elevators for loaded motor trucks 69

Music. See Chorus; Concerts; Orchestra. N

N.R.A. See National Recovery Administration. N.R.A. codes. See National Recovery Administration. Nation-wide competition of vocational schools, high award won by Apprentice School 77 National Government. See Government.

National Guard:

Apprentices enlisted 96

Military leave 96 National recovery activities. See Recovery and relief activities. National Recovery Administration (N.R.A.): Codes:G.P.O. Cafeteria and Recreation Association complies with 96

Printing of 37

Sales 37 Cooperation of the Public Printer with 38-39

Letters of appreciation to the Public Printer 37, 39, 46

Printing matter ordered 35, 36-39, 46

Publications mailed 47 Washington N.R.A. parade 40-41, 96 National Red Cross. See American National Red Cross. National Reemployment Service: Printing for 42

Publications mailed 47 Navy Department:

Printing and binding for 31

Publications printed, number 31 News ink. See Inks. Newspapers. See American Newspaper Publishers Association. Newsprint, research 57, 127 Newsprint paper. See Paper.

Night work 36, 93 O

Obsolete publications. See Government publications.

Official Gazette. See Patent Office. Official Postal Guide. See Postal Guide.

Offset plates, negatives for 12

Offset presses. See Printing presses. Offset Section, research 124

Offset work, Hawaii and Its Race Problems, printed for Department of Interior 31 See also Catalog cards. Old age. See Retirement.

Operators:

Linotype operators, production 11 Monotype keyboard operators, production 11 Opinions, of Superintendent of Documents, depository library problem- _ 50

See also references under Recommendations.

Orchestra 97

Orders. See Commercial printing; Contracts; Large jobs; Purchasing

Division; Speeches.

Organizations

In Government Printing Office: Group insurance 95 Voluntary relief associations 95

See also Benefit associations; also name of organization.

Ostermann, George F. von, foreign language supplement to Style Manual.

[In press.] 85-86
146 Index

Outstanding printing and binding work. See Public printing and binding. Page

Overtime, work 36

See also Economy Acts. P

P.W.A. See Public Works Administration.

Paint Section, work of 66

Paper:

Acidity 54, 116 Contracts 62

Inventory:

Paper and materials on hand 3 Quantity and cost of paper on hand 110

Investigation:

Microscopical examination 54, 117 Moisture in paper 54, IIS Newsprint paper 57, 127 Paper-wearing tester 117 Smoothness tester (Bekk) 54, 117

Purchases, etc 1, 3, 35

Rejections 53, 115

Sulphite papers 54, 116 Work of Tests and Technical Control Division 115

See also Marbling; Public printing and binding; Stationery.

Paper board. See Bookbinding materials. Paper-smoothness tester. See Paper.

Paper-wearing tester. See Paper.

Papers. See Historic papers; Waste papers.

Passports, printing of 31, 32

Paste. See Glues. Patent Gazette. See Patent Office. Patent Office: Printing and binding for 9, 12, 25-29, 46

Economies in patent printing 26

Publications sold, receipts 26

Patent specifications. See Patent Office. Patents. See Patent Office. Pay:

Average compensation per employee 2 Complications under Economy Acts 4-7 For—

Extra work and night work 36 Leave and holidays, complications under Economy Acts 4-7

Saving in compensation paid employees 2, 4 See also Claims; Pay rolls; Salaries; Speeches; Wages.

Pay rolls 93

Pensions. See Retirement. Permanent Conference on Printing:

Achievements 90-91

History and work of ^ 89-91

Personnel. See Economy Acts; Employees.

Photo-engraving, research 55, 122 Photo-engraving chemicals. See Chemicals.

Photo-engraving Section: Establishment by Public Printer 12 Work of 12, 122 Photo-engraving zinc. See Zinc. Photographic arcs. See Carbons.

Photography, trichromatic process 56, 122, 125 Pipe and Sheet Metal Section, work of 64, 65 Platemaking Division: Equipment 64, 72 Storage of

Electrotype and stereotype plates and matrices 12 United States Supreme Court Reports (plates) 12 Work of 12
Index 147

Plates. See Offset plates; Printing plates. i^age Pleger, John J., commendation of exhibit at World's Fair 89 Plumbing. See Pipe and Sheet Metal Section. Polished zinc. See Zinc. Poppy campaign. See Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Post office, city. See Washington, D.C.

Post Office Department:

Printing and binding for 23, 24

Publications, number printed 24

See also Postal Guide; Postal Service. Postal cards. See Postal Service. Postal Guide, printing, binding, and sales 24, 46

Postal Service, printing of postal cards, money-order work, etc 23, 24, 46

See also Post Office Department.

Posters for National Recovery Administration 37 Power. See Capitol, Power plant; Government Printing Office, Power

plant; Power Section. Power plants. See Capitol; Government Printing Office; Power Section. Power Section: Connection with Capitol power plant 66 Equipment 66

Service rendered 66

Preservation of historic papers 21, 22, 23

President of United States (Franklin D. Roosevelt)

:

Employees excused from duty December 23 and 30, 1933, Executive

order 45

Recognition of Style Manual in an Executive order 81

Press rollers. See Printing presses. Presses. See Printing presses. Presswork. See Impressions; Presswork Division. Presswork Division, work of 12, 34, 35, 44

Prices. See Cost. Printed forms. See Forms.

Printer, Inland. See Inland Printer.

Printers, number of appointments 93

See also Commercial printing.

Printing and binding. See Commercial printing; Public printing and

binding.

Printing Bureau. See Engraving and Printing Bureau.

Printing Committee, House:

River and harbor survey reports 18 Printing Committee, Joint. See Joint Committee on Printing.

Printing Conference. See Permanent Conference on Printing.

Printing Division: Development of 71 Employees furloughed 34 New equipment 65, 66

Printing ink. See Inks. Printing, London School of. See London School of Printing.

Printing materials. See Tests and Technical Control Division. Printing Office. See Government Printing Office. Printing plates, storage 54

See also Electrotype plates; Platemaking Division; Stereotype plates.

Printing presses: Dust-collecting system 70

Increase 72 Manufacture of rollers 55, 121

See also Presswork Division. Private bills. See Congress.

Private orders. See Speeches.

Proceedings of Congress. See Congressional Record.

Proceedings of Senate. See Executive Journals of Senate. Procurement. See Purchasing Division. Production. See Government Printing Office; also names of divisions, etc. Promotions:

Restricted by Economy Acts 7 Women I 1 94 21674—34 -n
148 Index

Page

Proof, galley proofs 12 Proofreaders 12

Proposals. See references under Recommendations.

Public bills. See Congress.

Public documents. See Government publications.

Public Documents Division (Superintendent of Documents):

Appropriations. See Statistical tables. Employees:

Expenditures for salaries, wages, and leave 49

Grades and rates of pay 93 Recommendations of Superintendent of Documents:

Duplication of publications could be avoided 51 Fewer depository libraries 50

Service

1,

47-51

See also Catalogs of Government publications; Government publications; Indexes. Public funds. See Unexpended balances. Public Library, appreciation of work of Government Printing Office 32

Public Printer (George H. Carter):

Appreciation of services of

Reed, Edward O 61 Wehmhoff, Byron L 61 Cooperation with National Recovery Administration 38-39

Established

Apprentice School 78 Photo-engraving Section 12 Requisition Review Board 91 Tests and Technical Control Division 51 Guest of honor at Columbia University conference 78 Member:

American Newspaper Publishers Association 57 Permanent Conference on Printing 89

Offered services of Technical Division in cooperation with American

New^spaper Publishers Association 58

Preface of Style Manual by Public Printer 82-84

Recommendations

:

Duplication of publications could be avoided 51 Five-day work week 5 Paper contracts, changing time for 62 Patent Office printing 26-29

Pay for leave 6-7

Permanent Conference on Printing 89 Replacing of older buildings of Government Printing Office with

fireproof structures 74-75

Report 1 Reports, cost of printing, etc., 1921-33 compared with 1908-20 100

Statements, printing of speeches 15 Vollbehr folio designed by 86 Welcome to London School of Printing 80

See also Commendation; Government Printing Office. Public Printer, Deputy. See Deputy Public Printer. Public printing and binding:

Binding rare papers

21,

22, 23

Classified statement, table 109

Cost, etc 7, 9, 10 Computed charges for 5 months beginning July 1, 1933 32 Current work kept moving while emergency work was being handled. _ 46

Exhibit of bindings, etc., at Century of Progress 78, 86, 87

Outstanding printing and binding work:

Economic Analysis of Foreign Trade of United States 19 Executive Journals of Senate 19 Federal Trade Commission reports 18, 19 Hawaii and Its Race Problems 31 National Plan for American Forestry 20

Writings of George Washington 21
Index 149

Public printing and binding—Continued.

Production of principal items entering into printing and binding, Page

table 106 Purchase of printing materials 1 See also Bookbinding materials; Congress; Engraving and Printing Bureau; Executive departments and independent establishments; Government publications; Job printing; Large jobs; Offset work; Permanent Conference on Printing; Savings; Tests and Technical Control Division; also names of departments, bureaus, etc. Public Works Administration (P.W.A.):

Printing matter ordered 35

Publications. See Books; Government publications; Tests and Technical Control Division. Pulp and Paper Industry Association. See Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry.

Pulp colors. See Marbling.

Purchases. See subject.

Purchasing Division, work of 61-62

Pyroxylin-treated fabrics. See Bookbinding materials. Q

Questionnaire, sent to depository libraries 49, 50 Quinhydrone method for determining paper acidity 116

R

R.F.C. See Reconstruction Finance Corporation. Rare papers. See Historic papers. Recapitulation. See Appropriations.

Receipts. *See Accounts; aZso subject involved. Recommendations. See Department Advisory Board; Employing Bookbinders of America; Public Documents Division; Public Printer; Style

Board; Tests and Technical Control Division. Reconstruction Finance Corporation (R.F.C):

Printing matter ordered 35

Publications mailed 47

Record. See Congressional Record. Recovery Administration. See National Recovery Administration.

Recovery and relief activities: Emergency organizations:

Agricultural Adjustment Administration 35, 41-42, 47

Civil Works Administration 35, 43-44, 47 Emergency Conservation Work 35, 43 Farm Credit Administration 47

Federal Coordinator of Transportation 35

Federal Emergency Relief Administration 35, 47 Home Owners' Loan Corporation 35, 45, 47

National Recovery Administration 35, 36-39, 40-41, 46, 47, 96

National Reemployment Service 42, 47

Public Works Administration 35

Reconstruction Finance Corporation 35, 47 Tennessee Valley Authority 35 Large orders for

Commercial printing 46

Public printing and binding 34, 35, 36-38, 41-46

Publications mailed 47 Temporary and emergency employees necessitated by 2, 33, 34, 93

Recreation. See Athletics. Recreation Association. See G.P.O. Cafeteria and Recreation Association. Recreation rooms. See Rest and recreation rooms. Red Cross. See American National Red Cross. Reduction in force. See Employees, Number.

Reductions. See Savings and economies.
150 Index

Page Reed, Edward O., appreciation of service rendered 61 Reemployment Service. See National Reemployment Service. Rejection of materials. See Supplies.

Relief activities. See Recovery and relief activities. Relief Administration. See Federal Emergency Relief Administration.

Relief and recovery activities. See name of service, etc. Relief associations. See Benefit associations. Reports:

Annual reports: Business of Government Printing Office, printing discontinued-- 99 Executive departments, etc., printing 10, 11, 99

Printing in congressional series 51 Printing of 10-11,99-100

Saving effected in the last 13 years 99 Annual reports of

Public Printer 1 Public Printer, cost of printing, etc., 1921-33 compared with

1908-20 100

Technical Director (acting) 113

See also Congressional documents and reports; also subject.

Representatives. See Congress.

Requisition Review Board:

Duties 91 Economies in cost of printing and binding 92

Requisitions. See references under Orders. Research work. See Cooperation; also subject involved. Resignations. See Employees, Number.

Resolutions

Of—

American Newspaper Publishers Association 58 Employing Bookbinders of America 56

Resolutions (publications). See Congress. Resources. See Appropriations; Government Printing Office. Rest and recreation rooms, meeting in Green Room, March 10, 1933 98

Restoration of old documents 21, 22, 23 Retirement

Of employees 33 Number 33, 93, 94 Number granted annuities since August 20, 1920 94

Thirty-year service employees, number 33, 94 Retirement fund: Contributions by employees since August 20, 1920 94 Deductions from compensation of employees, fiscal year 1933 94 Review Board. See Requisition Review Board.

Rivers and harbors, reports on surveys 18

Rollers. See Printing presses. Roosevelt, Franklin D. See President of United States. Rubber rollers. See Printing presses. Rubber solutions 55, 123 Ruling ink. See Inks. S

Safeguards on machinery. See Machines and machinery.

Safety of operators. See Machines and macTiinery.

Salaries, employees in Office of Superintendent of Documents, grades and

rates of pay 93

See also Economy Acts; Pay; Public Documents Division; Wages.

Sales. See Government publications; Supplies; Waste papers; Wastes.

Sanitary Director. See Medical and Sanitar}^ Director. Sanitary Section, work of 66

See also Laundry,

Sanitation. See Government Printing Office. Saturday half holidays. See Holidays.
Index 151

Savings and economies

In— Page

Agriculture Yearbook, production and allotment 30 Annual reports, printing of 10-11, 99-100

Apprentice School 78 Bindery work 12-13 Blank books, production of 11 Blank forms, envelops, etc 91 Charges for printing, binding, paper, and supplies. 3, 4, 7-9, 23, 32, 122 Composition work 34

Compressed-air distribution 68

Costs and charges for work 7-9, 32-33

Decreased number of employees 2, 33, 93-94

Discontinuing Document Index 51

Electric current 66, 68 Expenditures for salaries, leave, etc., in Public Documents Division 49 Farmers' bulletins, allotment 29 Folding machine work, machines equipped with " tipping " devices, 65 Franked envelops and franks (document sKps) 16 Gas consumption 66 Income-tax blanks, printing 31

Inks, printing inks 119-120

Inks, waste inks 55, 120-121 Labor-saving equipment 69 Leave and holiday pay 5 Maintenance 1 1 63 Memorial volumes, composition and distribution of 20 Outgoing freight 62 Payments for waste paper and unserviceable materials 2 Permanent Conference on Printing work 90

Press rollers 55, 121

Presswork 12

Printed matter, production of 10-11

Publications distributed to depository libraries 49 Purchases of paper, machinery, etc 1, 3, 115, 118 Purchasing Agent's orders 61-62

Requisition Review Board work 92

Sales of Government publications in excess of cost 2, 49

Stationery, production of 11 Steam consumption 66

Tests and Technical Control Division 53 Total expenditures of Government Printing Office 1 Total resources of Government Printing Office 1 Typesetting, proofreading, and platemaking 11-12 Unexpended balances from available funds 2, 3 Wages and salaries 2, 4

Water-supply systems 68^ In printing

For Congress 13-18 For Patent Office 9, 25, 26, 29

In printing and binding:

Agriculture Department 29 Commerce Department 25

Interior Department 31

Justice Department 31 Labor Department 31 Navy Department 31 Post Office Department 9, 10, 23-24

State Department 31 Treasury Department 31 War Department 18, 31 See also Economy Acts; Unexpended balances; also subject involved. Screen sweating 125

Selection plan for depository library distribution, publications furnished 49

Senate. See Congress.
152 Index

Senate Executive Journals. See Executive Journals of Senate.

Senators. See Congress.

Separations from the service. See Employees, Number; Retirement.

Shakespeare Library. See Folger Shakespeare Library.

Sheet Metal Section. See Pipe and Sheet Metal Section. Short work week. See Hours of labor. Sick benefit associations. See Benefit associations. Sickness. See references under Illness. Slug metal. See Metal. Page

Soil Surveys, printing, distribution, etc 30, 46

Sorts, production 11 Specifications of patents. See Patent Office. Speeches:

Paid for by Members of Congress out of their personal funds 15 Statements regarding printing of speeches 15

Sports. See Athletics. Stamp-cancelation ink. See Inks. Standardization

Of—

Inks and ink materials 120

Printed forms, letterheads, and envelops 91 Type metal 118 Standards Bureau, cooperation with Tests and Technical Control Division _ 116

State Department:

Appreciation of promptness in delivery of passports to 32

Printing and binding for 31

Publications printed, number 31 Statements. See Commendation; Opinions; Public Printer. Stationery:

Embossed letterheads and envelops 11 Envelops: Contracts 62 Franked envelops 16 Received and rejected 53, 118

Inventory, quantity and cost of paper and envelops on hand 110

Letterheads and envelops printed 11 Standardization of letterheads and envelops 91

Statistical tables: Charges for work 8, 107

Financial statement, 3-year period, appropriations 104 Inventory 110 Itemized cost of work 109 Moneys received 106 Operating expenses, productive only 108

Production, printing and binding 106

Publications printed for Congress, departments, etc 111 Receipts from sales of wastes 111 Resources and liabilities 103 Steam consumption 66

Stereotype metal. See Metal. Stereotype plates, output - 12

Storage. See Warehouses; aUo subject involved, e.g., Printing plates. Stores (supplies). See Supplies. Stores Division, work of 62

Striped cards. See Tabulating cards. Striping ink. See Inks. Stvle Board, recommended pubHcation of text of Style Manual 81, 82

Style Manual 81-86

Abridged edition 81 Comments on 84, 85

Foreign language supplement, prepared by George F. von Ostermann.

[In press.] 85-86

Participation of other departments in preparation of revision 81

Preface b}^ the Public Printer 82-84

Recognition accorded in an Executive order 81

Suggestions. See references under Recommendations.

Suits, Government and tabulating-machine companies 10
Index 153

Sulphite paper. See Paper. Page

Sunday, work 36

See also Economy Acts. Superintendent of Accounts and Budget Officer, statistical tables, compilation 103 Superintendent of Documents. See Public Documents Division. Supplement to Style Manual. See Stjde Manual.

Supplies:

Condemned materials sold 111 Cost of materials 7 Handling and storage of materials 61, 68

Inventory: Cost of material and supplies on hand 110 Paper and materials on hand 3 Materials produced in Tests and Technical Control Division 52

Miscellaneous materials furnished to other Government agencies by

Government Printing Office 121 Payments for waste paper and other unserviceable materials 2 Rejection of materials 53

See also Stores Division; aZ.so subject, e.g., Paper.

Supreme Court. See United States Supreme Court Reports.

Surgical cases. See Hospital.

Surveys. See Electrical equipment; Government Printing Office, Buildings (old buildings) ; Machines and machinery; Soil Surveys.

T

T.V.A. See Tennessee Valley Authority.

Tables. .See Finances; Statistical tables. Tabulating cards, printing of 10 Tabulating-machine companies, suit with the Government 10

Tariff Commission:

Economic Analysis of Foreign Trade of United States with Special

Relation to the Tariff, printing of report 19 Promptness in printing praised by 19 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry, cooperation with

Tests and Technical Control Division 117 Technical Control Division. See Tests and Technical Control Division. Technical Director (acting). See Tests and Technical Control Division. Temporary employees. See Employees.

Tennessee Valley Authority (T.V.A.)

Printing matter ordered '. 35

Tennis. See Athletics. Testimonials. See Resolutions.

Tests. See Tests and Technical Control Division. Tests and Technical Control Division: Appreciation of services of former Technical Directors 61

Articles prepared for publication, list 128 Committee memberships of Technical Director 130 Cooperation with

American Newspaper Publishers Association. 57, 127 Employing Bookbinders of America 56, 126 Standards Bureau 116 Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry 117 Correspondence 130 Establishment by the Public Printer 51 Exhibit at Century of Progress Exposition 87-88, 129

Materials produced under technical control, list 52 Operating expenses 53 Recommendation, microscopical examination of paper 117 Report in cooperation with

American Newspaper Publishers Association 57, 128 Same, summary of report 58 Report of Technical Director (acting) 113

Service rendered

Folger Shakespeare Library 129 Other departments 129 United Typothetae of America 129
154 Index

Tests and Technical Contro] Division—Continued. Page

Work of 51-61

See also Commendation; also name of commodity tested or investi- gated, e.g., Paper,

Textbooks. See Books.

Tha-nks. See references under Appreciation.

Thirty or more years' service. See Retirement.

Three-color photographic process. See- Photography.

"Tipping" devices. See Bindery.

Tisdel, Alton P., Superintendent of Documents. See Public Documents

Division. Trade Commission. See Federal Trade Commission.

Trade marks. See Patent Office. Training. See Apprentices.

Treasury:

Amounts impounded by Economy Acts and returned to the Treasift-y_ 2, 4

Deposit of miscellaneous receipts 2, 3 Moneys received, the source, and Treasury deposit, table 106 Unexpended balances 2, 3, 4 Treasury Department:

Printing and binding for 31 Pubhcations printed, number 31 Trichromatic photography. See Photography.

Trucks. See Motor vehicles. Turnover. See Employees, Number.

Twenty-four-hour service 35, 37, 43- Type, number of ems set 11, 34. See also Composition; Metal. Type-casting machines, monotype casting machines, production 11 Type metal. See Metal. Typography. See Public printing and binding.

Typothetae of America. See United Typothetae of America.

U

Unexpended balances, in Treasury 2, 3, 4 United States Code. See Codes of law. United States Employees' Compensation Commission, claims allowed to Government Printing Office employees 94

United States Supreme Court Reports 12 United Typothetae of America, technical service rendered by Tests and

Technical Control Division 129

United Veterans of American Wars, Government Printing Office: Drum and bugle corps 96 Membership 96- Useless papers. See Waste papers. V

Vehicles. See Motor vehicles. Veteran preference: In retirement cases 33

Women entitled to 95

Veterans. See Employees; United Veterans of American Wars, Govern- ment Printing Office. Veterans of Foreign Wars, appreciation for assistance in veterans' poppy

campaign 95

Veterans' poppy campaign. See Veterans of Foreign Wars.

Views. See Opinions.

Vocational schools. Nation-wide competition of. See Nation-wide competition of vocational schools. Vollbehr folio, in honor of acquisition of Gutenberg Bible, etc., displayed at Century of Progress 8(> Von Ostermann, George F. See Ostermann, George F, von.
Index 155

w

Page

Wages, fixed by collective bargaining and arbitration 93

See also Economy Acts; Pay; Public Documents Division; Salaries. Wallace, James K. See Superintendent of Accounts and Budget Officer. War Department:

Printing and binding for 18, 31 Publications printed, number 31 See also Rivers and harbors. W^ar veterans. See Employees; Veteran preference.

Warehouses, new one-story extension 64

See also Supplies.

Washington, George, bicentennial celebration of birth, status of writings, 21 Washington, D.C.: City post office: Electric light and power furnished by Government Printing Office power plant 108 Emergency treatments given employees in Government Printing

Office hospital 94 Communitv Chest pledges 95 N.R.A. parade 40-41, 96 National Guard enlistment 96

Public Library, appreciation of work of Government Printing Office- 32

See also Codes of laws. Washington Bicentennial Commission, writings of George Washington,

status 21 Washington Community Chest. See Washington, D.C. Waste ink. See Inks. Waste papers: Improvements in handling waste paper 70

Receipts from sale of waste paper 111 See also Government publications.

Wastes, receipts from sales 111 See also Inks. Water-supply systems 68 Web presses. See Printing presses. Week. See Hours of labor. Wehmhoff, Byron L., appreciation of service rendered 61 Welfare of employees. See Cafeteria; Harding Hall; Hospital; Rest and

recreation rooms. Whelan, Gerald L. See Chorus. Women:

Married employees 33,93

Number^

Employed 94

Entitled to war-service preference 95 Retired 94 Promotions 94 Woodworking machinery, dust-collecting system 72 Work, uncompleted work carried over 32

See also Cost; Economy Acts; Hours of labor; Large Jobs; Night work;

Savings; also names of divisions, etc. Work week. See Hours of labor. Workday. See Hours of labor. Working capital. See Finances. World's Fair. See Century of Progress Exposition, Chicago, 1933. Writing ink. See Inks. Y

Yearbooks. See Agriculture Yearbook.

Z

Zinc 55, 124 o



i

1