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| a. | Designed                    such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure                    controls                    and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure                    that                    material information relating to the small business issuer, including                    its                    consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within                    those                    entities,                    particularly during the period in which this report is beingprepared; |
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| b. | Designed                    such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such                    internal                    control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,                    to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability offinancial                    reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external                    purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles; |
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| c. | Evaluated                    the effectiveness of the small business issuer's disclosure controls                    and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about                    the                    effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of                    the end                    of                    the period covered by this report based on such evaluation;                    and |
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| d. | Disclosed                    in this report any change in the small business issuer's internal                    control                    over financial reporting that occurred during the small business                    issuer's                    most recent fiscal quarter (the small business issuer's fourth                    fiscal                    quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materiallyaffected,                    or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the small business                    issuer's                    internal control over financial reporting;                    and |
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| a. | All                    significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design                    or                    operation                    of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably                    likely                    to adversely affect the small business issuer's ability to record,                    process,                    summarize and report financial information;                    and |
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| b. | Any                    fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other                    employees                    who have a significant role in the small business issuer's internal                    control over financial                    reporting. |
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