#### Catharine S. A. Salmon, Respondent, Appellant, *v.*M. E. Blasier Manufacturing Company, Appellant, Respondent.

Fourth Department,

January 8, 1908.

Trespass — forcible entry and eviction — damages subsequent to action — appeal — errors reviewable on demand for new trial — treble damage.

In an action brought solely to recover money damages for trespass or for forcible entry and eviction, without demand for equitable relief, only such damages as. accrued; prior to the commencement of the action can be recovered.

Although there is no objection and exception to the admission of evidence of such subsequent damage, nor objections and exceptions to a charge relating thereto, the error is raised by the denial of a motion for a new trial, and can be reviewed by the Appellate Division.

When the injury to a tenant by the landlord's grantee, who excavated upon an adjoining vacant lot, merely consists in taking down a"piece of fence and causing a clothes post to fall, the damages are nominal, and the tenant, suing to recover for such trespass, is not entitled to recover for other injuries to the’ demised premises inflicted subsequent to the commencement of the action.

In an action for forcible entry and eviction, a claim that the verdict included treble damages as authorized by section 1669 of the Code of Civil Procedure cannot be raised for the first time after verdict rendered, when the complaint did not ask treble damages and the jury were not instructed in regard thereto.

Appeal by the defendant, the M. E. Blaster Manufacturing Company, from a judgment of the Supreme Court in favor of the plaintiff, entered in the office of the clerk of the county of Oneida on the 9th day Of February, 1907, upon the verdict of a. jury, and also from an order entered in said clerk’s office on the 29th day of January, 1907, denying the defendant’s motion for a new trial made ■ upon the minutes.

Also an appeal by the plaintiff, Catharine S. A. Salmon, from an order entered on the 7th day of February, 1907, denying the plaintiff’s right to treble damages.

*W. L.*Goodier, for the appellant.

*Timothy Curtin,*for the respondent.

*172Williams, J.:

The judgment and order appealed from by defendant should be reversed and a new trial granted, and the order appealed from by plaintiff should be vacated, without costs of this appeal to either party.

The action was brought to recover damages for a trespass upon real property, or for forcible entry and eviction from such.property. The parties are not agreed as to the real cause of action alleged or proved. ■

The questions raised by defendant relate entirely to the measure of damages and the proof given thereof.

The plaintiff occupied the property in the first instance as the tenant of Dr. Clark, her term commencing in April, 1902. She claimed she was all the time in possession under a lease from year to year, and her last year terminated in April, 1906 ; that she had a legal right to remain on the property until that time, and never consented to leave before that time. Clark claimed that she was a tenant at will, under an agreement to leave whenever he sold the property. Clark sold and conveyed the property to the defendant in October, 1905; Both Clark and the defendant claimed the plaintiff agreed to leave the property about November 1, 1905, whenever they desired to commence the work of removing the old buildings and-constructing new ones; that .they would want to commence work on- the vacant lot, and she could stay in the house a few days after they so began the work.- About November 1, 1905, defendant’s contractors and employees went upon the vacant lot and took down a piece of fence and began picking up things so as to commence excavating for the new cellar. A clothes post was broken and some clothes fell upon the ground. The plaintiff came out, a wordy conti-oversy arose, plaintiff ordered defendant’s workmen off the premises, and they went away. • A few days later defendant’s workmen went upon the vacant lot and continued the work, excavated for the cellar, and constructed the cellar wall, and continued their work until this action was commenced November 18, 1905, and afterwards until November twenty-sixth, when the plaintilf moved out of the house. She was not removed by force, but went out of her own accord. In excavating for the cellar .the workmen tore down an old shed attached to the house, in which the *173plaintiff had some little articles of personal property. This was done after the action was commenced, but while the plaintiff still occupied the house. The plaintiff objected to the work being done ■on the vacant lot, all the time insisting she was entitled to the exclusive occupancy of the whole property until April, 1906.

The action, whether for a mere trespass or for forcible entry and eviction, was one at law purely to recover damages, and no equitable relief was demanded. In such an action only such damages as had been suffered prior to the commencement of the action could be recovered.. *(Stowers*v. Gilbert, 156 N. Y. 600, 604; *Mott*v. Lewis, 52 App. Div. 558, 560, and cases therein referred to,)

It is quite apparent that the damages in this case were not limited in accordance with the rule stated. When the action was commenced there had been no trespass upon or forcible entry or eviction as to the house. The plaintiff was still occupying the house, and no effort had been made to enter that, or to remove the plaintiff therefrom, by force or otherwise. The damages for trespass upon and forcible entry and detainer of the vacant lot adjoining the house were merely nominal, the value of the use thereof for eighteen days or so, and damage to the clothes which fell upon the ground, and perhaps some other small items. The plaintiff’s business had not then been materially'interfered with, and yet she was permitted to recover damages for eviction from and the loss of use of the premises, and injury to her business, and loss of profits, down to the 1st of May, 1906, when her lease expired according to her theory, and the destruction of personal property that was not interfered with until after the commencement of the action. The verdict was not proper, and should have been set aside upon the motion made for a new trial under section 999 of the Code of Civil Procedure. There did not seem to be any serious objections to the evidence of these damages when given on the trial, nor exceptions thereto, nor objections or exceptions to the charge as to damages, but we think the question was raised on the motion for a new trial, so that we can review the same. The verdict ought not to be permitted to stand.

If the whole transactions as to the property from October 30, 1905, down to May 1, 1906, were properly before the jury, very likely the recovery could have been regarded as one under section 1669 of the Code of Civil Procedure, entitling the plaintiff to have *174the damages trebled, if the claim had been set up-in the complaint. The .jury were not-instructed as to treble damages, and could not in the awarding of damages have had the fact in mind that their verdict in reality would enable plaintiff to recover $810, The complaint did not demand judgment for treble damages. We think' this question could not bo raised first after the verdict was rendered.

All concurred.

Judgment and order reversed and new trial ordered, with costs to appellant to abide event, upon questions of law and of fact.