# Patent

## Title
Belt package for super single truck tires

## Abstract

A medium truck tire (10) and more specifically a super single truck tire (10) includes belt plies (22, 23, 25) reinforced with steel cords which make an angle comprised between 0° and 5° with respect to the equatorial plane. Disposed between in embedded fashion between two of the belt plies (23, 25) is a pair of substantially full spiral helically wound overlays (24). The steel of the reinforcing cords comprises high elongation steel. The spliced belt plies (22, 23, 25) are in a RLL configuration making angles comprised between 45° and 75° with respect to the equatorial plane angular direction of the inwardmost ply (25) oppositely disposed relative to the outer plies (22, 23). The helically would layers (24) are disposed between the inwardmost R ply (25) and a radially outward L ply (23).

## Background
FIELD AND BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to truck tires, preferably super single radial truck pneumatic drive tires.
Super single tires, which are wide base low aspect ratio truck tires replacing two small base tires, so-called dual mounted tires, have been used for years on trailers.
Over the years these wide base tires appeared more and more on trucks in the steering position because they had a higher mileage.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,619,357 discloses a belt package for a super single truck tire having steel cords and belt plies angled with respect to the equatorial plane and a helically wound belt ply on a carcass ply.
GB-A-1 567 614 discloses a pneumatic tire particularly suitable for heavy vehicles. Radially outwards of the belt layers there is at least one layer comprising metallic cords parallel to one another and substantially parallel to the circumferential direction. The metallic cords have an ultimate elongation between 4 and 8%. In a preferred embodiment the layers of extensible metallic cord are formed by a single helically wound cord.
It is known from LU-A-85 964 to wind a ribbon reinforced with cords helically in at least two layers on top the belt plies of a passenger tire. The ribbon has a width comprised between 15 and 45 mm. The reinforcing cords are preferably of nylon and have a lateral density of about 30 EPI.
FR-A-2 285 255 discloses a crown reinforcing structure for pneumatic tires including a helically wound ribbon reinforced with steel cords. The ribbon has a width comprised between 5 and 50 mm and is directly wound on the carcass ply.
While prior art tire constructions are functional and work well, there remains a continuing need for a low-weight tire construction that can considerably increase plysteer and improve crown durability, cornering force and high speed performance. Achievement of an improved low-weight tire construction providing such enhanced performance has, heretofore, proven problematic.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A pneumatic medium truck tire of the invention comprises at least one pair of parallel annular beads, at least one carcass ply wrapped around said beads, three to six belt plies disposed over the at least one carcass ply in a crown area of the tire, a tread disposed over the belts, and sidewalls disposed between the tread and the beads. According to one aspect of the invention, at least two embedded full layers of the radially inner belt plies are obtained by helically winding a spiral overlay. According to a further aspect of the invention, the spiral layers may be achieved by a procedure in which the spiral wrap starts at center and spirals to one shoulder, wraps twice at the one shoulder, spirals back across the tread to the other shoulder, spirals twice at that shoulder, and then spirals back to the center for two substantially full layers.
Pursuant to a further aspect of the invention specific constructions of such tires are also claimed.
Definitions
As used herein and in the claims, the terms “aspect ratio” means the ratio of the tire's section height to its section width;
“axial” and “axially” refer to directions which are parallel to the axis of rotation of a tire;
“radial” and “radially” refer to directions that are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a tire;
“bead” refers to that part of a tire comprising an annular tensile member, the bead core, wrapped by ply cords and shaped, with or without other reinforcement elements to fit a designed tire rim;
“belt” or “belt ply” refers to an annular layer or ply of parallel cords, woven or unwoven, underlying the tread, not anchored to the bead;
“carcass” refers to the tire structure apart from the belt structure, tread, undertread, and sidewall rubber but including the beads, (carcass plies are wrapped around the beads);
“circumferential” refers to lines or directions extending along the perimeter of the surface of the annular tread perpendicular to the axial direction;
“crown” refers to substantially the outer circumference of a tire where the tread is disposed;
“equatorial plane (EP)” refers to a plane that is perpendicular to the axis of rotation of a tire and passes through the center of the tire's tread;
“footprint” refers to the contact patch or area of contact of the tire tread with a flat surface at zero speed and under normal load and pressure or under specified load, pressure and speed conditions;
“ply” means a continuous layer of rubber coated parallel cords;
“section height” means the radial distance from the nominal rim diameter to the outer diameter of the tire at its equatorial plane;
“section width” means the maximum linear distance parallel to the axis of the tire and between the exterior of its sidewalls when and after it has been inflated at normal inflation pressure for 24 hours, but unloaded, excluding elevations of the sidewalls due to labeling, decoration or protective bands;
“spliced belt ply” refers to a ply that has the lateral sides extending across the whole lateral width of the belt, the circumferential ends being spliced and overlapping, forming a lap-splice or a butt-splice;
“super single tire” refers to a tire which replaces dual mounted tires on a specific axle; they are low aspect ratio tires and have a section width exceeding the section width of one of the previously dual mounted tires but inferior to the dual assembly width;
“tread width (TW)” means the arc length of the tread surface in the axial direction, that is, in a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the tire.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of half a tire according to a preferred embodiment of the invention taken in a plane that contains the axis of rotation of the tire.
FIG. 2 illustrates a plan view of a portion of the crown reinforcing structure according to the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.



DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
With reference to FIG. 1, a preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated. The pneumatic tire 10 comprises a pair of substantially parallel annular bead cores 15 located in beads 17 and a carcass ply 16. The carcass ply is wrapped over bead cores 15 and over a crown region of the tire at substantially 90 degrees with respect to the equatorial plane (EP) of the tire. Each bead comprises an apex, reinforcing plies such as chippers and flippers and gum strips as is well known in the tire art. A tread 28 comprising grooves 29 is disposed over a crown reinforcing or belt structure 27 and sidewalls 26 are arranged between the tread 28 and the beads 17. The carcass ply and belt plies, as is common in the art, are reinforced with substantially parallel longitudinal reinforcing members.
The crown reinforcing structure 27 pursuant to the invention is a low weight construction RLL with at least tow embedded layers of full spiral overlay. The structure 27 comprises three spliced belts plies 22, 23 and 25 reinforced with steel cords. Generally the steel cords in the two radially outer belt plies have the same inclination angles with respect to the equatorial plane (EP). The steel grades are high tensile.
Below belt plies 22 and 23 and above belt ply 25, embedded therebetween, is a spirally wound belt structure 24 consisting of at least two spirally wound layers extending transversely at least as far as the edges of the spliced belt plies 22, 23, and 25. The layers 24 comprise strips preferably of a nylon construction or other suitable elastomeric material. The spiral convolutions of the layers 24 make an angle of 0 to 5 degrees with respect to the equatorial plane (EP) and are in abutment with any adjacent convolution, so as to form a continuous annular layer having a substantially even cord distribution across the axial width of the structure.
The layers 24 can be applied in one single operation or applied successively. By varying the amount of overlap between adjacent convolutions, different cord densities are possible throughout the axial extent of the reinforcement zone. In any case, it is preferred that the variable concentrations of the reinforcement material is symmetrical with respect to the equatorial plane EP of the tire. The strips forming layers 24 start at the center and spiral to the shoulder, wrap twice at the shoulder and spiral back across the tread to the opposite shoulder, spiraling at the opposite shoulder and then spirally therefrom back to the center, thus forming two full layers.
Below is a table representing the reinforcement layers, angle, material, width, and percent of footprint width for one preferred embodiment of the invention. The belt (reinforcement) widths are based on footprint width of 14.80′′ for the specific tire listed in the subject. The table shows belt widths as a percentage of footprint width. Such percentages may be used generally if designing and incorporating the subject invention into other sized tires. However, the percentages may be varied if desired without departing from the spirit of the invention. For example, overlay strips of 25.4 mm width may be employed if preferred.


















% OF


REINFORCEMENT

MA-
OVERALL
FOOTPRINT


LAYER
ANGLE
TERIAL
WIDTH
WIDTH







BELT 4 (TOP)
18-19L
STEEL
12.36′′
84%





(314 MM (c)


BELT 3
18-19L
STEEL
13.94′′
94%





(354 MM)


BELT 2
0
NYLON
14.72′′
99%





(374 MM)







>2 Layers - Spiral wound strips 12.7 MM wide (a)


>Similar to Subparagraph (b) below











BELT 1 (BOT)
18-19R
STEEL
13.94′′
94%





(354 MM)





(a) Note: Strips of 25.4 MM width also acceptable


(b) Starts at center and spirals to shoulder, wraps twice at shoulder and spiral back across tread to other shoulder, spirals twice at that shoulder and then spirals back to center for 2 full layers.


(c) 314 MM to 330 MM range is acceptable






From the forgoing, it will be appreciated that the subject construction is an enhanced RLL with at least two embedded full spiral layers of full spiral overlay layers. The resultant construction increases plysteer significantly and improves crown and high speed characteristics with a full width, zero-degree layer 24 and R-L-L layup. A reduction in weight may be achieved by the elimination of layer 2/3 wedge gage. The spiral layer is preferably formed from nylon material having gages that range from 0.030′′ to 0.090′′. Such a construction is particularly suited for line haul drive and trail SUSI tires similar to the 445/50R22.5 but may also be used in mixed service super single tires such as the 385, 425, and 445/65R22.5 sizes. The invention thus is not intended to be constrained or limited by tire size or application. Additionally, the subject invention may apply to wide tires such as 315/80R.22.5 or other tires where improvements for weight, fuel efficiency, wear, and handling are desired.
While the invention has been specifically illustrated and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention may be variously modified and practiced without departing from the spirit of the invention. The scope of the invention is limited only by the following claims.

## Claims

1. A pneumatic super single radial truck tire (10) having at least one pair of parallel annular beads (17), at least one carcass ply (16) wrapped around said beads, a crown reinforcing structure comprising radially spaced belt plies in a crown area of said tire, tread (28) disposed over said crown reinforcing structure, and sidewalls (26) disposed between said tread and said beads, characterized in that the belt plies comprise a least three ply layers (22, 23, 25) and a pair of helically wound layers (24) located in embedded fashion between two of the ply layers (22, 23, 25) wherein the width (EB1) of the inwardmost belt (25) is about 94% of a footprint width of the tire tread, the width (EB2) of the next inwardmost helically wound layers (24) are about 99% of the footprint width of the tire tread, the width (EB3) of the next inwardmost belt (23) is about 94% of the footprint width of the tire tread; and the width (EB4) of outermost belt (22) is about 84% of the footprint width of the tire tread.