UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549



Form 10-K/A

Amendment No. 1

|(Mark
        One)
        ☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13
        OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
        For the fiscal year ended December 31,
        2017                
|---------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|                             |                                                                                                                                                                          
|☐                            | TRANSITION REPORTS PURSUANT TO SECTION
        13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934.
        For the transition period from                     
        to



Commission File Number: 001-37937



XENETIC
BIOSCIENCES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified
in its charter)

|                                                                                      |                                                             
|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------
|Nevada
        (State or other jurisdiction of
        incorporation or organization) | 45-2952962
        (IRS Employer
        Identification No.)



99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230

Lexington, Massachusetts 02421

(Address of principal executive offices
and zip code)

781-778-7720

(Registrant’s telephone number,
including area code)



|Title of Each Class
        Common Stock, $0.001 par value per share | Name of Each Exchange
        on Which Registered
        The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
|-------------------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g)
of the Act:

None



Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act:    Yes   ̈    No  
x



Indicate
by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act:    Yes   ̈    No  x



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such
reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days):    Yes  x    No   ̈



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive
Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the
preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files):    Yes  x    No   ̈



Indicate
by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K (§ 229.405) is not contained
herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements
incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K/A:      ̈



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting
company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”
“smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



|Large accelerated filer                       |  ̈ | Accelerated filer         |  ̈ | 
|--------------------------------------------- | - | ------------------------- | - | 
|Non-accelerated filer                         |  ̈ | Smaller reporting company | x | 
|(Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |   |                           |   | 
|Emerging growth company                       |  ̈ |                           |   | 



If an emerging
growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with
any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 7(a)(2)(B) of the Securities Act.  ̈



Indicate
by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Exchange Act Rule 12b-2):    Yes   ̈    No  x



The
aggregate market value of the common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2017, based upon the closing
price of the registrant’s common stock on the NASDAQ Capital Market on that date of $2.76, was approximately $9,047,647.
For purposes of this computation, all officers, directors, and 10% beneficial owners of the registrant are deemed to be affiliates.
Such determination should not be deemed to be an admission that such officers, directors or 10% beneficial owners are, in fact,
affiliates of the registrant.



As of April
26, 2018, the number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock was 8,717,541.



DOCUMENTS
INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE



None.










EXPLANATORY NOTE



The Registrant is filing this Amendment
No. 1 on Form 10-K/A (this “Amendment”) to amend its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31,
2017 originally filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on March 30, 2018 (the “Original Filing”)
to include the information required by Items 10 through 14 of Part III of Form 10-K. This information was previously omitted from
the Original Filing in reliance on General Instruction G(3) to Form 10-K, which permits the information in the above-referenced
items to be incorporated in the Form 10-K by reference from our definitive proxy statement if such statement is filed no later
than 120 days after our fiscal year-end. We are filing this Amendment to include Part III information in our Form 10-K because
our definitive proxy statement will be filed later this year. The reference on the cover of the Original Filing to the incorporation
by reference to portions of our definitive proxy statement into Part III of the Original Filing is deleted by this Amendment.



Part III of the Original Filing (Items
10 through 14) is being amended and restated in its entirety by this Amendment. In addition, pursuant to Rule 12b-15 under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), Part IV, Item 15 of the Original Filing is being
amended to contain the currently dated certifications pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, which are attached
hereto as Exhibit 31.3 and Exhibit 31.4, respectively. Because no financial statements are included in this Amendment and this
Amendment does not contain or amend any disclosure with respect to Items 307 and 308 of Regulation S-K, paragraphs 3, 4, and 5
of the certifications have been omitted. Except as described above, this Amendment does not amend or otherwise update any other
information in the Original Filing. Accordingly, this Amendment should be read in conjunction with the Original Filing. In addition,
this Amendment does not reflect events that may have occurred subsequent to the date of the Original Filing.



As
used in this Amendment, unless otherwise indicated, all references herein to “Xenetic,” the “Company,”
“we” or “us” refer to Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries.
















TABLEOF CONTENTS





|PART III |                                                                                                |   
|-------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 10  | Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance                                         | 1 
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 11  | Executive Compensation                                                                         | 5 
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 12  | Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters | 10
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 13  | Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence                      | 11
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 14  | Principal Accounting Fees and Services                                                         | 14
|         |                                                                                                |   
|PART IV  |                                                                                                |   
|         |                                                                                                |   
|Item 15  | Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules                                                        | 15
|         |                                                                                                |   
|         |                                                                                                |   




























PART
III



ITEM 10 – DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE
OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE



Directors and Executive Officers



Set forth below is
the name, age, position and brief biographies of each of our executive officers and directors as of April 26, 2018.



|                         |     |                                                
|------------------------ | --- | -----------------------------------------------
|Name                     | Age | Position                                       
|                         |     |                                                
|Jeffrey Eisenberg        | 52  | Chief Executive Officer and Director           
|Dr. Curtis Lockshin      | 57  | Chief Scientific Officer                       
|James Parslow            | 53  | Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Secretary
|Dr. James E. Callaway    | 61  | Director (1), (2), (3)                         
|Firdaus Jal Dastoor, FCS | 65  | Director (1), (2)                              
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin        | 49  | Director                                       
|Roman Knyazev            | 37  | Director                                       
|Dr. Roger Kornberg       | 71  | Director (3)                                   
|Adam Logal               | 40  | Director (1), (2), (3)                         



| | (1) | Member of the Audit Committee
| | --- | -----------------------------

| | (2) | Member of the Compensation Committee
| | --- | ------------------------------------

| | (3) | Member of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee | 
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | 



Jeffrey F. Eisenbergwas appointed our Chief Executive Officer on October 26, 2017, after serving as Chief Operating Officer since December
2, 2016, and has served as a member of our Board of Directors (“Board”) since July 2016. Mr. Eisenberg previously worked
at Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (“Noven”), a subsidiary of Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical, Inc., where he held various positions
of increasing responsibility, most recently serving from 2009-2016 as Noven’s president, chief executive officer and as a
member of its board of directors. Mr. Eisenberg is also a member of the board of directors of Mabvax Therapeutics, Inc., a publicly
traded clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Eisenberg obtained his J.D. at Columbia University Law School and a B.S. in
Economics from the Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania. We believe Mr. Eisenberg’s significant life science executive
experience and leadership experience in the areas of R&D, operations, manufacturing/quality, business development, strategic
partnering, product development, commercialization, and human resources provides him with the appropriate set of skills to serve
as a member of our Board.



Dr. Curtis A.
Lockshininitially joined us on a part-time basis in March 2014 as our Vice President of Research & Operations and
was appointed our Chief Scientific Officer effective January 1, 2017. Dr. Lockshin has held several management positions at development
and commercial stage biotechnology companies, with experience including discovery, preclinical and clinical development, as well
as commercial manufacturing. Since May 2013, he has held the position of president and chief executive officer of Guardum Pharmaceuticals
LLC (“Guardum”), a wholly owned subsidiary of PJSC Pharmsynthez, our controlling stockholder, a position which he continues
to hold in addition to his position with us. Dr. Lockshin does not receive a salary for these services. He does, however, receive
medical benefits and is covered under Guardum’s health plan. In addition, Dr. Lockshin has served as an officer or consultant
of several biotechnology companies on a part-time basis, including as an officer of a series of related companies following multiple
mergers beginning as chief executive officer of SciVac Ltd. from September 2014 to July 2015, chief executive officer of SciVac
Therapeutics Inc. from July 2015 to May 2016, chief technology officer of VBI Vaccines Inc. from May 2016 to December 2016, and
Vice President of Corporate R&D Initiatives for OPKO Health from October 2011 to February 2013. Dr. Lockshin is currently serving
as a member of the board of directors of RXi Pharmaceuticals Corporation, a publicly traded clinical-stage RNAi company, a position
he has held since April 2013. He previously served as a director of ChromaDex Inc., a publicly traded natural products company,
from March 2011 to December 2013. Dr. Lockshin has a Ph.D. in Biological Chemistry from Massachusetts Institute of Technology.









1






James Parslowwas appointed our Chief Financial Officer on April 3, 2017. Mr. Parslow most recently served as Chief Financial Officer,
Treasurer and Secretary of World Energy Solutions, Inc., a publicly-traded business-to-business e-commerce company brokering energy
and environmental commodities, from 2006 until its acquisition by EnerNOC, Inc. in 2015. Since 2015, he has served as an independent
consultant providing interim chief financial officer services to multiple emerging technology companies. Mr. Parslow is a Certified
Public Accountant with 30 years of experience serving private and public companies in the biotech, alternative energy, online auction,
and high-tech manufacturing industries. He holds an A.B. in Economics and Accounting from the College of the Holy Cross and an
M.B.A. with a concentration in Finance from Bentley University.



James E. Callaway
was appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017. Dr. Callaway has over 30 years of experience in the execution of product development
operations for biotherapeutics. Dr. Callaway is a seasoned CEO within the venture-backed biotech community and over the course
of his career he has built and operated two companies, transforming each from research companies to clinical stage operating entities.
Since 2016, he has served as a Corporate Strategy Consultant at Callaway Innovations. From 2012 until 2016, Dr. Callaway was President
and Chief Executive Officer of ArmaGen, Inc. and from 2008 until 2012, served as President and CEO of CEBIX, Inc. Prior to these
efforts, Dr. Callaway held multiple senior leadership positions at Elan Pharmaceuticals, including simultaneously acting as Head
of Development and overseeing the complex partnership with Wyeth Pharmaceuticals in the Alzheimer’s disease immunotherapy
program. He has developed antibodies for a wide-range of therapeutic applications over the past two decades, including treatments
of multiple sclerosis (Tysabri®: pharmaceutical development), Alzheimer’s disease (bapineuzumab: Program Executive),
and blood-brain barrier transport, and has worked with the United States Food and Drug Administration on multiple orphan drug development
programs. We believe Dr. Callaway’s significant life sciences executive, leadership and strategic experience in the area
of biotherapeutics provides him with the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.



Firdaus Jal
Dastoor, FCS,was initially appointed as a member of our Board in January 2014 pursuant to terms of the agreement of our
acquisition of Xenetic U.K. He has been employed by the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, a conglomerate in India with interests in horse
racing and breeding, biotech, engineering and hotels, in business development strategies and operational roles since October 1981.
Mr. Dastoor is currently a Group Director in charge of Finance and Corporate Affairs and Company Secretary of the Serum Institute
of India Private Limited at the Cyrus Poonawalla Group, one of our significant stockholders. He is a Fellow Member of The Institute
of Company Secretaries of India since 1990. Mr. Dastoor is on the board of several private companies operating in the fields of
engineering products, life sciences and biotech, international trade, financial services and quality standards certifications.
Mr. Dastoor received a B.A. in Commerce from the University of Poona. We believe Mr. Dastoor’s knowledge of investments in
the life sciences and biotechnology industries, and his finance and business development background provide him with the appropriate
set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.



Dmitry Genkinwas appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017. Dr. Genkin currently serves on the Company’s Scientific Advisory Board
and previously served on the Company’s Board of Directors from 2004-2016. He has the Russian equivalent of an MD in Internal
Therapy and studied drug delivery under Professor Gregory Gregoriadis at The School of Pharmacy, University of London in 1992,
as well as the Department of Clinical Pharmacology at Karolinska Hospital, Stockholm from 1992 until 1993. Since 2005, Dr. Genkin
has served as Executive Chairman of PJSC Pharmsynthez, a public company and Xenetic’s majority stockholder. Prior to that
time, Dr. Genkin headed a number of Russia's largest pharmaceutical companies including Pharmavit, which had 27% of the Russian
pharmaceutical market. In 1998, he was awarded the silver medal by the Russian Natural Science Academy. We believe Dr. Genkin’s
significant life sciences, biotechnology and international background provide him with the appropriate set of skills to serve as
a member of our Board.



Roman Knyazevhas served as a member of our Board since April 2014. Mr. Knyazev has served in various positions at Rusnano Moscow since
2009, most recently as its Senior Investment Manager. He also serves on the board of directors of Nanolek, PETAR, PJSC Pharmsynthez,
Lipoxen Technologies, Ltd and SynBio LLC. Mr. Knyazev is a Fellow of the Kauffman Fellows Program. We believe Mr. Knyazev’s
experience investing in clinical stage biotechnology companies provides him with the appropriate set of skills to serve as a member
of our Board.













2










Dr. Roger Kornberg
has served as a member of our Board since February 2016. Dr. Kornberg is a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and
the Winzer Professor of Medicine in the Department of Structural Biology at Stanford University. He earned his B.S. in chemistry
from Harvard University in 1967 and his Ph.D. in chemical physics from Stanford in 1972. He became a postdoctoral fellow at the
Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, England and then an assistant professor of biological chemistry at Harvard Medical
School in 1976, before moving to his present position as professor of structural biology at Stanford Medical School in 1978. In
2006, Dr. Kornberg was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in recognition for his studies of the molecular basis of Eukaryotic
Transcription, the process by which DNA is copied to RNA. Dr. Kornberg is also the recipient of several awards, including the 2001
Welch Prize, the highest award granted in the field of chemistry in the United States, and the 2002 Leopald Mayer Prize, the highest
award granted in the field of biomedical sciences from the French Academy of Sciences. We believe Dr. Kornberg’s prior experience
serving on the boards of directors of large organizations as well as his scientific background provides him with the appropriate
set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.



Mr. Adam Logal
was appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017. Mr. Logal joins the Xenetic Board of Directors with over 15 years of experience
in the biopharmaceuticals industry. Since April 2014, Mr. Logal has served as Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Chief
Accounting Officer and Treasurer of OPKO Health, Inc. and from March 2007 until April 2014 served as OPKO’s Vice President
of Finance, Chief Accounting Officer and Treasurer. Mr. Logal is a director of VBI Vaccines, Inc., a publicly-traded company, and
serves as its Audit Committee Chairman. Prior to joining OPKO, Mr. Logal served in various financial management roles at Nabi Biopharmaceuticals,
a commercial stage biopharmaceutical company. Mr. Logal is a strategic finance executive with extensive experience in SEC compliance
and reporting, domestic and international finance, strategic planning, cash flow management, budgeting, taxation, treasury and
business development. We believe Mr. Logal’s extensive financial experience with public companies in the life sciences industry
provides him with appropriate set of skills to serve as a member of our Board.



There are no family
relationships among any of our directors and executive officers and, to the best of our knowledge, none of our directors or executive
officers has, during the past ten years, been involved in any legal proceedings which are required to be disclosed pursuant to
the rules and regulations of the SEC.



Board Role in Risk Oversight



Our management is principally
responsible for defining the various risks facing the Company, formulating risk management policies and procedures, and managing
our risk exposures on a day-to-day basis. The Board’s principal responsibility in this area is to ensure that sufficient
resources, with appropriate technical and managerial skills, are provided throughout the Company to identify, assess and facilitate
processes and practices to address material risk and to monitor our risk management processes by informing itself concerning our
material risks and evaluating whether management has reasonable controls in place to address the material risks. The involvement
of the Board in reviewing our business strategy is an integral aspect of the Board’s assessment of management’s tolerance
for risk and its determination of what constitutes an appropriate level of risk for the Company.



Our Board of Directors



Currently, the Board
consists of seven (7) members: Jeffrey F. Eisenberg, Dr. James E. Callaway, Firdaus Jal Dastoor, Dr. Dmitry Genkin, Roman Knyazev,
Dr. Roger Kornberg, and Adam Logal. Prior to August 2017, we combined the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Board Chair.
As of August 2017, we separated the roles of Chief Executive Officer and Board Chair in recognition of the differences between
the two roles. The Board of Directors is currently chaired by independent director, Adam Logal, and our Chief Executive Officer,
Jeffrey Eisenberg, is our only employee-director. The Chief Executive Officer is responsible for setting the strategic direction
for the Company and the day to day leadership and performance of the Company, while the Board Chair is responsible for leading
the Board in the execution of its fiduciary duties. The Board Chair presides over meetings of the full Board. While we recognize
that different board leadership structures may be appropriate for companies in different situations, we believe our current leadership
structure is the optimal structure for the Company at this time. Directors shall hold office for a one-year term or until their
successors have been duly elected and qualified. Vacancies on the Board resulting from death, resignation, disqualification, removal,
or other causes can be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors then in office. Any director so elected, shall
hold office for the remainder of the full term of the director for which the vacancy was created or occurred and until such director’s
successor shall have been duly elected and qualified.



Committees of the Board



The Board has five
committees: an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, an Expense Management
and Financing Oversight Committee, and a Strategic Alternatives Committee. It has adopted charters to govern the conduct, authority
and responsibilities of the Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Corporate Governance Committee.











3






Audit Committee



The Audit Committee
of the Board of Directors was established by the Board in accordance with Section 3(a)(58)(A) of the Exchange Act, to oversee the
Company’s corporate accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of its financial statements. For this purpose,
the Audit Committee performs several functions. The Audit Committee evaluates the performance of and assesses the qualifications
of the independent auditors; determines and approves the engagement of the independent auditors; determines whether to retain or
terminate the existing independent auditors or to appoint and engage new independent auditors; reviews and approves the retention
of the independent auditors to perform any proposed permissible non-audit services; monitors the rotation of partners of the independent
auditors on the Company’s audit engagement team as required by law; reviews and approves or rejects transactions between
the Company and any related persons; confers with management and the independent auditors regarding the effectiveness of internal
control over financial reporting; establishes procedures, as required under applicable law, for the receipt, retention and treatment
of complaints received by the Company regarding accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters and the confidential
and anonymous submission by employees of concerns regarding questionable accounting or auditing matters; and meets to review the
Company’s annual audited financial statements and quarterly financial statements with management and the independent auditor,
including a review of the Company’s disclosures under the “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations” section of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K.



For the fiscal year
2017, the Audit Committee was composed of three directors. Mr. Dastoor served on the committee for all of fiscal 2017. Dr. Benz
and Ms. Deptula-Hicks (former chair) each served on the Audit Committee until August 9, 2017. Dr. Callaway and Mr. Logal (chair)
were each appointed to the Audit Committee on August 14, 2017. The Audit Committee met three times during fiscal year 2017. The
Audit Committee is currently composed of three directors: Dr. Callaway, Mr. Dastoor and Mr. Logal (chair). The Board has adopted
a written Audit Committee charter that is available to stockholders on the Company’s website at http://ir.xeneticbio.com/.



The Board of Directors
reviews the NASDAQ listing standards definition of independence for Audit Committee members on an annual basis and has determined
that all current members of our Audit Committee are independent (as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605(c)(2)(A)(i)
and (ii) of the NASDAQ listing standards).



The Board of Directors
has also determined that Mr. Logal qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in applicable SEC
rules. The Board made a qualitative assessment of Mr. Logal’s level of knowledge and experience based on a number of factors,
including his formal education and experience as a chief financial officer.



Director Nominations



No material changes have been made to the
procedures by which stockholders may recommend nominees to our Board.



Code of Business Conduct and Ethics



We have adopted a code
of business conduct and ethics that applies to all of our employees, officers and directors, including our principal executive
officer, principal financial officer and principal accounting officer. The code of conduct is available on our website, www.xeneticbio.com,
under “Investors” at “Corporate Governance.” We intend to disclose any amendment to, or waiver of, any
provision of the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics by disclosing such information on our website, to the extent required by the
applicable rules and exchange requirements.



Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance



Section 16(a) of the Exchange Act requires
our directors and executive officers, and persons who own more than ten percent of a registered class of our equity securities,
to file with the SEC initial reports of ownership and reports of changes in ownership of our ordinary shares and other equity securities.
Such persons are required by SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.



To our knowledge, based solely on a review
of the copies of such reports furnished to us and written representations that no other reports were required, during the fiscal
year ended December 31, 2017, we believe that all Section 16(a) filing requirements applicable to our executive officers,
directors and greater than 10% beneficial owners were complied with, except that one report, covering an aggregate of one transaction,
was filed late by Ms. Deptula-Hicks and one report, covering an aggregate of one transaction, was filed late by Dr. Benz. Additionally,
certain reports filed in the previous fiscal year by Ms. Deptula-Hicks and Messrs. Knyazev, Dastoor and Maguire inadvertently did
not include all respective holdings on such filings and were corrected pursuant to amended reports, including: two reports, covering
an aggregate of two transactions, filed by Ms. Deptula-Hicks; two reports, covering an aggregate of two transactions, filed by
Mr. Maguire; two reports, covering an aggregate of two transactions, filed by Mr. Dastoor; and one report, covering an aggregate
of one transaction, filed by Mr. Knyazev. Initial reports on Form 3 of ownership were filed late by Messrs. Genkin and Callaway
and by PJSC Pharmsynthez and Synbio LLC.









4






ITEM 11 – EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION



This item sets forth
the compensation information for Michael Scott Maguire, our former Chief Executive Officer, Jeffrey Eisenberg, our current Chief
Executive Officer, Dr. Curtis Lockshin, our Chief Scientific Officer, and James Parslow, our Chief Financial Officer. On October
26, 2017, Mr. Eisenberg became the Company’s Chief Executive Officer in place of Mr. Maguire. We refer to Messrs. Maguire,
Eisenberg, Lockshin and Parslow herein as our “named executive officers.”



Summary Compensation Table



The following table
sets forth, for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, the compensation information for our named executive officers.



|Name and Principal Position                  |  | Year |      |  | Salary ($) |   |         | Bonus ($) |  |  | Stock
                                         Awards ($) |  |  | Option
                                         Awards(1) ($) |         |  | Non-Equity
    Incentive Plan Compensation ($) |   |         | All
    Other Compensation ($) |  |   | Total ($) | 
|-------------------------------------------- |  | ---- | ---- |  | ---------- | - | ------- | --------- |  |  | --------------------------------------------------------- |  |  | ------------------------------------------------------------- | ------- |  | ---------------------------------------------- | - | ------- | ------------------------------ |  | - | --------- | 
|M. Scott Maguire, Former Chief               |  |      | 2017 |  |            | $ | 470,589 |           |  |  | –                                                         |  |  |                                                               | –       |  |                                                |   | –       |                                |  |   | –         | 
|Executive Officer                            |  |      | 2016 |  |            | $ | 456,067 | (3)       |  |  | –                                                         |  |  |                                                               | –       |  |                                                | $ | 727,241 |                                |  | $ | 206,630   | 
|Jeffrey F. Eisenberg,                        |  |      | 2017 |  |            | $ | 300,000 | (4)       |  |  | –                                                         |  |  | $                                                             | 105,720 |  |                                                | $ | 375,389 |                                |  |   | –         | 
|Chief Executive Officer                      |  |      | 2016 |  |            | $ | 41,823  | (4)       |  |  | –                                                         |  |  |                                                               | –       |  |                                                | $ | 648,984 |                                |  |   | –         | 
|James Parslow,Chief Financial Officer        |  |      | 2017 |  |            | $ | 198,750 | (6)       |  |  | –                                                         |  |  |                                                               | –       |  |                                                | $ | 667,216 |                                |  |   | –         | 
|Dr. Curtis Lockshin,Chief Scientific Officer |  |      | 2017 |  |            | $ | 250,000 | (8)       |  |  | –                                                         |  |  |                                                               | –       |  |                                                | $ | 625,316 |                                |  |   | –         | 

_____________

|(1) | The amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options granted in the applicable fiscal year, computed in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 718, excluding the effect of estimated forfeitures. Assumptions used in the calculation of this amount are set forth in Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of the Original Filing. Mr. Eisenberg, Mr. Parslow and Dr. Lockshin were granted options to purchase 250,000 shares, 175,000 shares and 175,000 shares of common stock, respectively, during 2017. In addition, Mr. Eisenberg was granted 50,000 restricted stock units in 2017.
|--- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|(2) | Includes (i) a $39,384 lump sum termination payment, (ii) $40,254 for health and welfare plans, (iii) $74,116 reimbursement for certain tax liabilities; (iv) $6,640 of director pay and (v) $4,500 of tax preparation costs.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    
|(3) | A portion of Mr. Maguire’s 2015 salary was deferred pursuant to a convertible promissory note and subsequently paid in full in 2016. As part of this arrangement, Mr. Maguire earned $13,176 of interest and was granted a warrant to purchase 37,369 shares of our common stock at the lesser of $6.60 and 120% of the price per share in our next capital raise of at least $7 million. Mr. Maguire’s compensation is denominated and paid in British pounds. The amount paid in pounds is converted to U.S. dollars at the spot exchange rate on the date of payment.                                                                         
|(4) | Mr. Eisenberg was appointed our Chief Operating Officer in December 2016 and Chief Executive Officer in October 2017. Mr. Eisenberg served as a director of the Company from July 2016 through November 2016. For fiscal year 2016, the amount represents the amount earned by Mr. Eisenberg pursuant to his written employment agreement with the Company as well as fees earned for his Board service for the period from July 2016 through November 2016 prior to his appointment as Chief Operating Officer totaling $16,823. As an employee, Mr. Eisenberg no longer receives compensation for serving as a member of our Board.            
|(5) | For fiscal year 2017, includes (i) $13,500 of contributions to our U.S. 401(k) Plan and (ii) $20,881 for health and welfare plans.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               
|(6) | Mr. Parslow was appointed our Chief Financial Officer in April 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
|(7) | Includes (i) $9,937 of contributions to our U.S. 401(k) Plan and (ii) $14,893 for health and welfare plans.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      
|(8) | Dr. Lockshin was appointed our Chief Scientific Officer in January 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|(9) | Includes (i) $1,563 of contributions to our U.S. 401(k) Plan and (ii) $960 for health and welfare plans.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         









5






Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal
Year-End



The following table
sets forth certain information with respect to outstanding equity awards held by our named executive officers at December 31,
2017.



|                     | Option Awards                                               |                                                               | Stock Awards                 
|-------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------- | -----------------------------
|Name                 | Number
ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions,Exercisable | Number
ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions,Unexercisable | Option
    Exercise Price ($)
|M. Scott Maguire     | 15,002(1)                                                   | —                                                             | 4.59                         
|                     | 212,122(2)                                                  | —                                                             | 4.59                         
|                     | 83,333(3)                                                   | 166,667(3)                                                    | 3.50                         
|                     | 37,402(4)(5)                                                | —                                                             | 11.55                        
|                     | 226,722(4)(6)                                               | —                                                             | 17.49                        
|                     |                                                             |                                                               |                              
|Jeffrey F. Eisenberg | 79,800(7)                                                   | 150,200(7)                                                    | 3.40                         
|                     | —                                                           | 250,000(8)                                                    | 2.11                         
|                     | —                                                           | —                                                             | —                            
|                     |                                                             |                                                               |                              
|James Parslow        | —                                                           | 175,000(10)                                                   | 4.57                         
|                     |                                                             |                                                               |                              
|Curtis Lockshin      | 14,546(11)                                                  | —                                                             | 4.59                         
|                     | 10,101(12)                                                  | 5,052(12)                                                     | 4.59                         
|                     | —                                                           | 175,000(13)                                                   | 4.30                         

_________________

|(1)  | Vested 100% on the date of grant.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|---- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|(2)  | Vested one-third on the date of grant, one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date and one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
|(3)  | Vests one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third on the third anniversary of the grant date. Per Mr. Maguire’s Settlement Agreement dated November 3, 2017, all unvested stock options will vest on October 31, 2018.                                                                                                                  
|(4)  | References a JSOP award. The JSOP awards do not carry an expiration date once vested. Please refer to Note 12 to our audited consolidated financial statements included in Item 8 of our Original Filing for further description of the JSOP awards.                                                                                                                                                                      
|(5)  | Vested equally over a five-year period from the date of grant.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|(6)  | Vested equally over a three-year period from the date of grant.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
|(7)  | 4,700 shares vested 100% on the date of grant. Remainder vests one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third of the remaining amount upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third of the remaining amount on the third anniversary of the grant date.                                                                                                                                  
|(8)  | 125,000 of the options granted vest one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third upon the third anniversary of the grant date. 100,000 of the options granted vest upon the achievement of key clinical milestones for XBIO-101 and 25,000 of the options granted vest upon the achievement of key development milestones related to PSA.
|(9)  | References restricted stock units (“RSUs”) granted
    on October 26, 2017. Each RSU represents the right to receive one share of the Company’s common stock at vesting. The
    RSUs vest one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and
    one-third upon the third anniversary of the grant date.                                                
|(10) | Vests one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third upon the third anniversary of the grant date.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|(11) | Vested one-third upon March 3, 2015, one-third upon March 15, 2016 and one-third upon March 15, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
|(12) | Vests one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third upon the third anniversary of the grant date.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|(13) | Vests one-third upon the first anniversary of the grant date, one-third upon the second anniversary of the grant date and one-third upon the third anniversary of the grant date.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         









6






Employment Agreements with our Named
Executive Officers



Employment Agreement with Mr. Maguire



Mr. Maguire served
as CEO of the Company and CEO of Lipoxen until October 2017, pursuant to a written employment agreement dated November 3, 2009
with Lipoxen (the “Maguire Employment Agreement”). We assumed this agreement in connection with our acquisition of
Xenetic U.K. The agreement was governed by and construed in accordance with English law. Pursuant to the Maguire Employment Agreement,
Mr. Maguire’s annual salary was set at $456,067 and was subject to periodic review by our Compensation Committee without
any obligation on the part of the Compensation Committee to increase. We were required to make contributions to the Defined Contribution
Pension Scheme of Xenetic U.K. at a rate of 12% of base salary, subject to statutory lifetime maximum contribution limits. During
2016, Mr. Maguire reached his lifetime maximum contribution limit and no further contributions were allowed. Additionally, Mr. Maguire
was provided with life insurance coverage equal to four times base salary and was entitled to participate in our permanent health
and private medical schemes. He was also eligible to participate in our bonus and share option/equity incentive options and/or
schemes in force from time to time. The Employment Agreement was terminable by us for good cause without notice or payment in lieu
of notice to Mr. Maguire. In case of termination upon change in control, Mr. Maguire was entitled for up to twelve months’
severance. As of October 26, 2017, Mr. Maguire no longer serves as the CEO of the Company, but continues serving as the CEO of
Lipoxen.



On November 3, 2017,
the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, Xenetic U.K. and Lipoxen, entered into a Settlement Agreement with Mr. Maguire (the
“Settlement Agreement”), which terminated the Employment Agreement. Pursuant to the terms of the Settlement Agreement,
Mr. Maguire will continue to receive his then-current base salary and benefits for a period of 12 months, received a lump sum termination
payment of £30,000 and will be reimbursed for certain tax liabilities as described in the Settlement Agreement. Additionally,
Mr. Maguire’s unvested stock options will vest on October 31, 2018, upon the terms and conditions specified in the Settlement
Agreement and Mr. Maguire will have until June 10, 2020 to exercise the vested options (unless the terms of the options provide
for a longer period). Mr. Maguire continues to serve the Company during the management transition.



Employment Agreement with Mr. Eisenberg



We entered into an
employment agreement with Mr. Eisenberg effective as of December 1, 2016 for him to serve as Chief Operating Officer (the “Original
Agreement”). The Original Agreement was for an initial term of one year, and automatically renewed for successive one year
periods unless either party gave notice to the other no later than 90 days prior to the expiration of the then-applicable term;
provided, however, that we could terminate the Original Agreement at any time. Mr. Eisenberg’s annual salary under the Original
Agreement was $300,000, and was subject to annual review and upward adjustment only by the Compensation Committee of the Board.
Mr. Eisenberg was also eligible to receive a bonus equal to 35% of his annual salary based on the attainment of certain individual
and/or Company goals established by the Board or a committee thereto. Mr. Eisenberg was also eligible to participate in our employee
benefit, welfare and other plans, as may be maintained by us from time to time, on a basis no less favorable than those provided
to other similarly situated executives of the Company. Mr. Eisenberg was also subject to certain customary confidentiality, non-solicitation
and non-competition provisions.



Under the Original
Agreement, if Mr. Eisenberg’s employment was terminated by us without “Cause” (as defined in the Original Agreement)
or if he resigned for “Good Reason” (as defined in the Original Agreement), he was entitled to receive (i) six months
of his then current base salary, paid over time in accordance with our payroll practices then in effect if he had been employed
by us for six months or less, (ii) 12 months of his then current base salary, paid over time in accordance with our payroll practices
then in effect if he had been employed by us for more than six months, (iii) a pro-rated annual bonus and (iv) payment of premiums
for continued health benefits under COBRA for up to six months.



On October 26, 2017,
the Company amended and restated the Original Agreement in order to employ Mr. Eisenberg as the Chief Executive Officer of the
Company, effective as of the same date (the “Amended Agreement”). The terms of the Amended Agreement were substantially
similar to the terms of the Original Agreement, except for Mr. Eisenberg is now eligible to receive a bonus equal to 50% of his
annual salary based on the attainment of certain individual and/or Company goals established by the Board or a committee thereto,
and if Mr. Eisenberg’s employment is terminated by us without “Cause” (as defined in the Amended Agreement) or
if he resigns for “Good Reason” (as defined in the Amended Agreement), he will be entitled to receive (i) within thirty
days following the date of termination, an amount equal to one times his then current base salary, (ii) a pro-rated annual bonus
and (iii) payment of premiums for continued health benefits under COBRA for up to twelve months.









7






Employment Agreement with Mr. Parslow



We entered into an
employment agreement with Mr. Parslow effective as of April 3, 2017 (the “Parslow Employment Agreement”). The
Parslow Employment Agreement does not provide for a specified term of employment and Mr. Parslow’s employment will be
on an at-will basis. Mr. Parslow will receive an initial annual base salary of $265,000 and is eligible to earn an annual
cash incentive bonus, which is initially set at a target aggregate bonus amount of 35% of Mr. Parslow’s base salary, upon
achievement of certain individual and/or Company performance goals set by the Compensation Committee. Mr. Parslow is also
eligible to participate in the Company’s employee benefit, welfare and other plans, as may be maintained by the Company from
time to time, on a basis no less favorable than those provided to other similarly-situated executives of the Company. Mr. Parslow
is also subject to certain customary confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition provisions.



If Mr. Parslow’s
employment is terminated by the Company without “cause” (as defined in the Parslow Employment Agreement) or Mr. Parslow
resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Parslow Employment Agreement), after six months of employment but before
his first anniversary with the Company, he will be entitled to receive (i) six months of his then current base salary, paid over
time in accordance with the Company’s payroll practices then in effect and (ii) payment of premiums for continued health
benefits under COBRA for up to six months. If Mr. Parslow’s employment is terminated by the Company without “cause”
(as defined in the Parslow Employment Agreement) or Mr. Parslow resigns for “good reason” (as defined in the Parslow
Employment Agreement), after his first anniversary with the Company, he will be entitled to receive (i) one year of his then current
base salary, paid over time in accordance with the Company’s payroll practices then in effect and (ii) payment of premiums
for continued health benefits under COBRA for up to one year.



Employment Agreement with Dr. Lockshin



We entered into an
employment agreement with Dr. Lockshin effective as of January 1, 2017 (the “Lockshin Employment Agreement”). The Lockshin
Employment Agreement does not provide for a specified term of employment and Dr. Lockshin’s employment will be on an
at-will basis. Dr. Lockshin will receive an initial annual base salary of $250,000 and is eligible to earn an annual performance-based
cash incentive bonus, which is initially set at a target aggregate bonus amount of 35% of Dr. Lockshin’s base salary, upon
achievement of certain individual and/or Company performance goals established by the Board or a committee thereto. Dr. Lockshin
is also eligible to participate in the Company’s employee benefit, welfare and other plans, as may be maintained by the Company
from time to time, on a basis no less favorable than those provided to other similarly-situated executives of the Company. Dr.
Lockshin is also subject to certain customary confidentiality, non-solicitation and non-competition provisions.



If Dr. Lockshin’s
employment is terminated by the Company without “Cause” (as defined in the Lockshin Employment Agreement) or Dr. Lockshin
terminates his employment for “Good Reason” (as defined in the Lockshin Employment Agreement) and Dr. Lockshin executes
and does not revoke a general release of claims against the Company, then he will be entitled to receive (i) one year of his then
current base salary, paid over time in accordance with the Company’s payroll practices then in effect and (ii) payment of
premiums for continued health benefits under COBRA for up to twelve months.



Potential Payments Upon Termination
or Change of Control



Our named executive
officers may be entitled to payments upon termination or change in control. The details of such payments are included in the description
of their employment agreements above.









8






Director Compensation Table



As our employee directors
during fiscal 2017, each of Mr. Maguire and Mr. Eisenberg did not receive any compensation for his Board service during the last
completed year. Mr. Maguire resigned from the Board effective August 9, 2017. The following table sets forth information for the
year ended December 31, 2017 regarding the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our non-employee directors:



|Name                     |  | Fees Earned or Paid in Cash
        ($) |        |  | Stock Awards
        ($) |  |   | OptionAwards(1)(2)
        ($) |  |   | All Other Compensation
        ($) |  |  | Total($) |       
|------------------------ |  | --------------------------------------- | ------ |  | ------------------------ |  | - | ------------------------------ |  | - | ---------------------------------- |  |  | -------- | ------
|                         |  |                                         |        |  |                          |  |   |                                |  |   |                                    |  |  |          |       
|Dr. James E. Callaway(3) |  | $                                       | 18,750 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | 62,553                             |  |  |          | –     
|Firdaus J. Dastoor       |  | $                                       | 26,920 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | 45,895                             |  |  |          | –     
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin(4)     |  | $                                       | –      |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | –                                  |  |  | $        | 49,980
|Roman Knyazev            |  | $                                       | 1,950  |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | –                                  |  |  |          | –     
|Dr. Roger Kornberg       |  | $                                       | 50,000 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | 45,895                             |  |  |          | –     
|Mr. Adam Logal(6)        |  | $                                       | 18,750 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | 62,553                             |  |  |          | –     
|Dr. Edward J. Benz(7)    |  | $                                       | 36,413 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | –                                  |  |  |          | –     
|Darlene Deptula-Hicks(8) |  | $                                       | 42,935 |  |                          |  | – |                                |  | $ | –                                  |  |  |          | –     

_______________

|(1) | The amounts represent the aggregate grant date fair value of stock options granted during 2017. For a discussion of the assumptions and methodology used to calculate the value of our stock options, see Note 12 to our audited financial statements included in Item 8 of the Original Filing.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|(2) | The table below shows the aggregate number of option awards outstanding for each of our non-employee directors as of December 31, 2017:                                                                                                                                                         



|Name               | Option Awards (#)
|------------------ | -----------------
|Dr. James Callaway | 25,000           
|Firdaus J. Dastoor | 70,455           
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin  | 37,389           
|Roman Knyazev      | 37,879           
|Dr. Roger Kornberg | 50,000           
|Adam Logal         | 25,000           



|    | In addition to the option awards described above, Mr. Dastoor holds a warrant to purchase 48,485 shares of our common stock at $7.92 per share. These warrants are fully vested and expire in December 2019. In addition, Dr. Genkin holds a warrant to purchase 30,304 shares of our common stock at $13.86 per share. These warrants are fully vested and expire in November 2020.
|--- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|(3) | Dr. Callaway was appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                         
|(4) | Dr. Genkin was appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                           
|(5) | These amounts represent fees paid for scientific services rendered to the Company by Dr. Genkin during 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
|(6) | Mr. Logal was appointed to the Board on August 14, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            
|(7) | Dr. Benz resigned from the Board effective August 9, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                          
|(8) | Ms. Deptula-Hicks resigned from the Board effective August 9, 2017.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
|    |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     



See “Certain Related Person Transactions”
below for compensation arrangements involving specific members of the Board.











9






ITEM 12 – SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF
CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS



The following table
and footnotes set forth certain information known to us regarding beneficial ownership of our capital stock as of March 31, 2018
for:



| | · | each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of our capital stock;
| | - | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| | · | our named executive officers;                                                           
| | · | each of our directors; and                                                              
| | · | all executive officers and directors as a group.                                        



The number of shares
beneficially owned by each entity, person, director or executive officer is determined in accordance with the rules of the SEC,
and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any other purpose. Under such rules, beneficial ownership
includes any shares over which the individual has sole or shared voting power or investment power as well as any shares that the
individual has the right to acquire within 60 days through the exercise of any stock option, warrants or other rights. Except as
otherwise indicated, and subject to applicable community property laws, the persons named in the table have sole voting and investment
power with respect to all shares of common stock held by that person or entity.



The percentage of shares
beneficially owned is computed on the basis of 8,717,541 shares of our common stock outstanding as of March 31, 2018, on an as-converted
basis. Shares of our common stock that a person has the right to acquire within 60 days after March 31, 2018 are deemed outstanding
for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of the person or entity holding such rights, but are not deemed outstanding
for purposes of computing the percentage ownership of any other person, except with respect to the percentage ownership of all
directors and executive officers as a group. Unless otherwise indicated below, the address for each beneficial owner listed is
c/o Xenetic Biosciences, Inc., at 99 Hayden Ave, Suite 230, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421.



|Name of Beneficial Owner                                    | Number of SharesBeneficially Owned(1) |      | PercentageBeneficially Owned
|----------------------------------------------------------- | ------------------------------------- | ---- | ----------------------------
|Fiscal Year 2017 Named Executive Officers and Directors     |                                       |      |                             
|Jeffrey F. Eisenberg                                        | 79,800                                | (2)  | *                           
|James Parslow                                               | 58,333                                | (3)  | *                           
|Dr. Curtis Lockshin                                         | 82,981                                | (4)  | *                           
|Dr. James E. Callaway                                       | 12,500                                | (5)  | *                           
|Firdaus J. Dastoor                                          | 106,440                               | (6)  | 1.2%                        
|Dr. Dmitry Genkin(7)                                        | 99,693                                | (8)  | 1.1%                        
|Roman Knyazev(9)                                            | 37,879                                | (10) | *                           
|Dr. Roger Kornberg                                          | 37,500                                | (11) | *                           
|Adam Logal                                                  | 12,500                                | (12) | *                           
|All executive officers and directors as a group (9 persons) | 527,626                               | (13) | 5.7%                        
|5% Current Stockholders                                     |                                       |      |                             
|PJSC Pharmsynthez(7) (9)                                    | 7,880,614                             | (14) | 70.2%                       
|Serum Institute of India Private Limited                    | 842,519                               | (15) | 9.4%                        

|   
|---
|*  
|(1)
|(2)
|(3)
|(4)
|(5)
|(6)











10






|     |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
|---- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|(7)  | Dr. Genkin is the Chairman of the Board of Directors of Pharmsynthez.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             
|(8)  | The total beneficial ownership consists of 32,000 shares of common stock owned directly and 67,693 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants and options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   
|(9)  | Mr. Knyazev is the Deputy Chairman of the Board of Directors of Pharmsynthez.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     
|(10) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 37,879 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
|(11) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 37,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
|(12) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 12,500 shares issuable upon exercise of options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 
|(13) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 32,000 shares of common stock owned directly and 495,626 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants and options that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                  
|(14) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 5,365,455 shares of common stock owned directly or indirectly through SynBio, including 145,455 held in escrow, 1,454,545 shares issuable upon the conversion of Series B Preferred Stock and 1,060,614 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018. The address of PJSC Pharmsynthez is Office Center IT Park, 25 Liter ZH, Krasnogo Kursanta St., St. Petersburg, 197110, Russia.
|(15) | The total beneficial ownership consists of 630,396 shares of common stock owned directly and indirectly by related affiliates of Serum Institute of India Private Limited and 212,123 shares issuable upon exercise of warrants that are exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 2018. The address of Serum Institute of India is S. No. 212/2, Off Soli Poonawalla Road, Hadapsar, Pune, 411028, Maharashtra, India.                                                             



Equity Compensation Plan Information



The following table
sets forth information as of December 31, 2017 with respect to compensation plans under which equity securities are authorized
for issuance:



|Plan Category                                              |  | Number of Securities to be Issued upon Exercise
        of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights |           |     | Weighted Average Exercise Price of Outstanding
        Options, Warrants and Rights |   |      | Number of Securities Remaining Available
        for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans | 
|---------------------------------------------------------- |  | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------- | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | - | ---- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | 
|Equity compensation plans approved by security
    holders |  |                                                                                                     | 1,887,088 | (1) |                                                                                     | $ | 4.02 |                                                                                                      | 
|Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders |  |                                                                                                     | –         |     |                                                                                     |   | –    |                                                                                                      | 
|Total                                                      |  |                                                                                                     | 1,887,088 |     |                                                                                     | $ | 4.02 |                                                                                                      | 



|(1) | Consists of 1,887,088 shares of our common stock to be issued upon the exercise of outstanding stock options and restricted stock units under the Xenetic Biosciences, Inc. Amended and Restated 2014 Equity Incentive Plan.
|--- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------



ITEM 13 – CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS
AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE



During the fiscal year
ended December 31, 2017 and the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, there was not, nor is there any currently proposed transaction
or series of similar transactions to which Xenetic was or is to be a party in which the amount involved exceeded or exceeds the
lesser of $120,000 or 1% of the average of our total assets at year end for the last two completed fiscal years and in which any
executive officer, director or holder of more than 5% of any class of voting securities of Xenetic and members of that person’s
immediate family had, has or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than as set forth in “Executive Compensation”
and “Director Compensation Table” above and disclosed below.



Policy Regarding Related Party Transactions



Our Board adopted a
written related party transaction policy prior to our Nasdaq Uplist on November 1, 2016 to set forth the policies and procedures
for the review and approval or ratification of related party transactions. Any transaction between the Company and its officers,
directors, principal stockholders or affiliates is required to be on terms no less favorable to us than could be reasonably obtained
in arms-length transactions with independent third-parties, and any such material related party transactions must also be reviewed
and approved by a majority of the Board of Directors. All of the actions described in this section occurred prior to the adoption
of this policy.









11






PJSC Pharmsynthez



PJSC Pharmsynthez (formerly,
OJSC Pharmsynthez) (“Pharmsynthez”) is our largest and controlling stockholder with a share ownership of 52.1% of the
total issued and outstanding common stock at March 31, 2018. Pharmsynthez was a related party of SynBio, which is related party
of ours, and acquired 100% of SynBio in February 2017. The combined ownership of Pharmsynthez and SynBio was 61.5% at March 31,
2018. In addition, one of our directors, Dr. Dmitry Genkin, is the Chairman of the board of directors of Pharmsynthez, a second
director of ours, Mr. Roman Knyazev, is also a director of Pharmsynthez and one of our executive officers, Dr. Curtis Lockshin,
is an officer of a wholly-owned subsidiary of Pharmsynthez. In November 2009, the Company entered into a collaborative research
and development license agreement with Pharmsynthez (the “Pharmsynthez Arrangement”) pursuant to which the Company
granted an exclusive license to Pharmsynthez to develop, commercialize and market six drug candidates based on the Company’s
PolyXen and ImuXen technology in certain territories. In exchange, Pharmsynthez granted an exclusive license to the Company to
use any pre-clinical and clinical data developed by Pharmsynthez, within the scope of the Pharmsynthez Arrangement, and to engage
in further research, development and commercialization of drug candidates outside of certain territories at the Company’s
own expense.



Financing Agreements



In July 2015, we entered
into a Securities Purchase Agreement with Pharmsynthez providing for the issuance of certain promissory notes and certain warrants
to purchase shares of our common stock.



In November 2015, we
entered into the Kevelt APA with AS Kevelt and Pharmsynthez. The Kevelt APA provided for the transfer to us of certain intellectual
property rights with respect to the immunomodulatory drug candidate XBIO-101 held by AS Kevelt. In April 2016, we completed the
purchase of the intellectual property rights associated with the Kevelt APA and issued 3.0 million shares of common stock pursuant
to the agreement.



The Kevelt APA also
provided for our issuance of certain convertible promissory notes and warrants to purchase shares of our common stock. During the
quarter ended March 31, 2016, we issued $3.5 million of convertible promissory notes to Pharmsynthez receiving $3.5 million in
cash proceeds. In April 2016, Pharmsynthez converted all of its convertible promissory notes (both the July 2015 note and the Q1
2016 notes) and associated interest of approximately $12.3 million into 1.4 million shares of common stock. As such, we issued
to Pharmsynthez 1.3 million shares of common stock in connection with conversion of the convertible notes, which amount, together
with the 3.0 million shares of common stock in connection with the closing of the Kevelt APA, resulted in an aggregate of 4.4 million
new shares of common stock being issued to Pharmsynthez.



During the quarter
ended September 30, 2016, we issued $1.0 million of convertible promissory notes to Pharmsynthez, receiving $1.0 million in cash
proceeds of which $0.5 million of the notes was applied toward our November 2016 offering. On November 1, 2016, Pharmsynthez purchased
1,454,545 shares of Convertible Series B Preferred Stock in our initial public offering for $6.0 million.



SynBio LLC



SynBio is one of our
largest stockholders and owns approximately 9.4% of our total issued and outstanding common stock as of March 31, 2018 and all
of our outstanding Series A Preferred Stock. Effective February 27, 2017, Pharmsynthez acquired 100% of SynBio.



In August 2011, SynBio
and the Company entered into a stock subscription and collaborative development of pharmaceutical products agreement (the “Co-Development
Agreement”). The Company granted an exclusive license to SynBio to develop pharmaceutical products using certain molecule(s)
based on SynBio’s technology and the Company’s proprietary technology (PolyXen, OncoHist and ImuXen) that prolongs
the active life and/or improves the pharmacokinetics of certain therapeutic proteins and peptides (as well as conventional drugs).
In return, SynBio granted an exclusive license to the Company to use the pre-clinical and clinical data generated by SynBio in
certain agreed products and engage in the development of commercial candidates.



SynBio and the Company
are each responsible for funding their own research activities. There are no milestone or other research-related payments due under
the agreement other than fees for the supply of each company’s respective research supplies based on their technology, which,
when provided, are due to mutual convenience and not representative of an ongoing or recurring obligation to supply research supplies.
Serum Institute of India Limited (“Serum Institute”) has agreed to directly provide the research supplies to SynBio,
where the Company is not liable for any failure to supply the research supplies as a result of any act or fault of Serum Institute.
Upon successful commercialization of any resultant products, the Company is entitled to receive royalties on sales in certain territories
and pay royalties to SynBio for sales outside those certain territories.









12






Through December 31,
2017, the Company and SynBio continued to engage in research and development activities with no resultant commercial products.
The Company did not recognize revenue in connection with the Co-Development Agreement during the years ended December 31, 2017
and 2016.



On September 23, 2016,
SynBio exchanged 970,000 shares of our common stock for an equal number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock.



Effective October 26,
2016, we entered into a voting agreement with SynBio whereby SynBio agreed to vote their shares of common stock in the same proportion
as the shares of common stock held by non-affiliates on all matters subject to stockholder approval for a period of one year.



Loan Agreement



In May 2011, we received
a short-term unsecured loan facility of up to $1.7 million from SynBio, of which none was outstanding as of December 31, 2017 and
2016, respectively. In connection with the Kevelt APA, we made a series of payments during 2016 totaling $323,640 to creditors
of Kevelt. Pursuant to the Kevelt APA such payments are considered direct offsets to the loan with SynBio. The loan had an interest
rate of 8.04% per annum as of the date of grant, with interest payable upon repayment of the loan, which was to be seven months
after the closing date of the loan. In December 2016, we entered into an agreement with SynBio, Pharmsynthez, and Kevelt, which
settled all amounts owed by us on the SynBio loan; for services provided by Kevelt to us in connection with the XBIO-101 Phase
2 project; and the purchase of drug candidate supply from Kevelt sufficient to meet the needs of the XBIO-101 Phase 2 clinical
trial. Pursuant to the agreement, we transferred $620,387 to the counterparties. We repaid the remainder of the loan facility with
proceeds from our November 1, 2016 offering.



Serum Institute



Serum Institute owns
approximately 7.2% of our total issued and outstanding common stock at March 31, 2018. One of our directors, Firdaus Jal Dastoor,
is currently a Group Director in charge of Finance and Corporate Affairs and Company Secretary of Serum Institute. In the period
from 2004 through 2011, we entered into certain amended license and supply agreements with Serum Institute. The original license
agreement with Serum Institute was a collaborative Development and Manufacturing Arrangement to develop agreed upon potential commercial
product candidates using our PolyXen technology. Following the 2011 amendment, which is still in effect, Serum Institute retained
an exclusive license to use our PolyXen technology to research and develop one potential commercial product, Polysialylated Erythropoietin
(PSA-EPO) in territories excluding the United States of America, European Economic Area and Japan, among certain other territories.
Serum Institute will be responsible for conducting all pre-clinical and clinical trials required to achieve regulatory approvals
within the certain predetermined territories at Serum Institute’s own expense.



Manufacturing Agreement



The 2011 amendment
with Serum Institute also provides for the supply of PSA by Serum Institute to us and our collaborative partners. Serum Institute
has the non-exclusive right to supply PSA to us, and our collaborative partners and customers on a cost-plus basis. On an individual
basis, Serum Institute may enter into separate supply agreements with us and/or our collaborative partners for the purpose of providing
a supply of PSA directly to the collaborative partners. Further, any agreement between Serum Institute and a collaborative partner
shall not create any obligation or liability for us. In September 2016, we issued 211,486 shares of common stock to Serum in exchange
for $750,000 of research and development and clinical PSA supply as well as settlement of approximately $163,000 of prior purchases
of PSA supply.



Director Fees and Consulting Services Agreement with Dr.
Dmitry Genkin



We previously had entered
into an agreement with Dr. Dmitry Genkin under which he was entitled to an annual fee of £750 paid in quarterly installments
for his services as director of the Company. During 2016 Dr. Genkin was paid approximately $1,000 in respect of director services
provided in each year. In addition, Dr. Genkin provides research and consulting services to the Company, for which he was paid
approximately $50,000 and $129,000 during the years ended December 31, 2017 and 2016, respectively. The agreement was terminated
on July 31, 2017. In May 2016, Mr. Genkin resigned from the Board and was reappointed to the Board in August 2017.









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Deferred Salary Arrangement with Mr. M. Scott Maguire



Mr. Maguire is our
former Chief Executive Officer and current Chief Executive Officer of Lipoxen. Mr. Maguire’s current annual salary is $456,067
pursuant to his written employment agreement with us. Of Mr. Maguire’s 2015 salary amount and 2016 salary through June 30,
2016, fifty percent (50%) had been paid in cash and fifty percent (50%) had been deferred and accrued pursuant to an unwritten
arrangement between us and Mr. Maguire. In July 2016, we issued a 10% Junior Secured Collateralized Convertible Promissory Note
in the amount of $369,958 and warrants to purchase 37,369 shares of our common stock at the lesser of $6.60 per share and 120%
of the price per share in our next capital raise of at least $7 million to Mr. Maguire for the deferred salary. We also entered
into a Deferred Salary Security Agreement with Mr. Maguire, pursuant to which Mr. Maguire agreed to continue to defer fifty percent
(50%) of his salary until the earlier to occur of: (i) the closing of a public offering of our securities concurrent to a NASDAQ
listing, or (ii) September 30, 2016 (the “Deferral End Date”). All deferred salary became due and payable on the Deferral
End Date. As security for the payment of the deferred salary, we granted Mr. Maguire a continuing security interest in our assets,
including all inventory, accounts, accounts receivable, equipment, trademarks, contracts, copyrights and general intangibles, provided,
however, that pursuant to a Debt Subordination Agreement between Mr. Maguire and Pharmsynthez, the payment of such deferred salary
is subordinate to the prior payment in full in cash of any and all of our indebtedness and liabilities to Pharmsynthez. Upon completion
of our public offering on November 7, 2016, we settled this note and related interest in cash and the Debt Subordination Agreement
was subsequently terminated.



Director Independence



As required under the
NASDAQ Stock Market (“NASDAQ”) listing standards, a majority of the members of a listed company’s board of directors
must qualify as “independent,” as affirmatively determined by the Board of Directors. The Board consults with advisors
to ensure that the Board’s determinations are consistent with relevant securities and other laws and regulations regarding
the definition of “independent,” including those set forth in pertinent listing standards of NASDAQ, as in effect from
time to time.



Consistent with these
considerations, after review of all relevant identified transactions or relationships between each director, or any of his or her
family members, and the Company, its senior management and its independent auditors, the Board has affirmatively determined that
the following directors were independent directors within the meaning of the applicable NASDAQ listing standards for the period
during which they served as a member of the Board during fiscal year 2017: Dr. Callaway, Mr. Dastoor, Dr. Kornberg, Mr. Logal,
Dr. Benz and Ms. Deptula-Hicks. On August 14, 2017, Dr. Callaway and Mr. Logal were appointed to the Board replacing two former
independent directors - Dr. Edward Benz and Ms. Deptula-Hicks - who resigned as members of the Board on August 9, 2017.



During fiscal year
2017, all members of our Audit Committee, Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, and Compensation Committee were independent
(as independence is currently defined in Rule 5605 of the NASDAQ listing standards).



ITEM
14 – PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES



The following table represents aggregate
fees billed to the Company for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2016, by Marcum LLP, the Company’s
principal accountant.



|                   |  | 2017 |         |  | 2016 |  
|------------------ |  | ---- | ------- |  | ---- | -
|Audit Fees         |  | $    | 167,824 |  |      | $
|Audit-Related Fees |  |      | 8,005   |  |      |  
|Tax Fees           |  |      | –       |  |      |  
|Other Fees         |  |      | –       |  |      |  
|                   |  | $    | 175,829 |  |      | $



Audit Fees



Audit fees include
the total fees incurred in connection with the audit of our annual consolidated financial statements for each of the years ended
December 31, 2017 and 2016.









14






Audit-Related Fees



Audit related fees
during the year ended December 31, 2017 include fees incurred in connection with SEC filings related to our Amended and Restated
Equity Incentive Plan. Audit-related fees during the year ended December 31, 2016 include fees incurred in connection with
consulting services provided for review and analysis of financial accounting and reporting requirements related to the Company’s
NASDAQ uplisting and reverse stock split.



Audit and Non-Audit Services Pre-Approval
Policy



The Audit Committee
pre-approves all audit and non-audit accounting services provided by our independent, registered accounting firm. All audit and
non-audit fee services described above were pre-approved by the Audit Committee.



Pursuant to the Board
of Directors’ policy, to help ensure the independence of our independent registered public accounting firm, all auditing
services and permitted non-audit services (including the terms thereof) to be performed for us by our independent registered public
accounting firm must be pre-approved by the Audit Committee, subject to the de-minimus exceptions for non-audit services described
in Section 10A(i)(1)(B) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which are approved by the Audit Committee prior to the commencement
of services.



Our Audit Committee
approved and retained Marcum LLP to audit our consolidated financial statements for 2017. Our Audit Committee reviewed all services
provided by Marcum LLP in 2017 and concluded that the services provided were compatible with maintaining its independence.



PART IV



ITEM 15 – EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL
STATEMENT SCHEDULES



| | (a) | The following financial statements, schedules and exhibits are filed as part of this report:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                
| | --- | ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| |     | Consolidated Financial Statements:The consolidated financial statements and report of independent registered
        public accounting firm required by this item are included in Part II, Item 8 of the Original Filing;                                                                                                                                                   
| |     | Financial Statement Schedules:Schedule
        II, Valuation and Qualifying Accounts, is included in Part II, Item 8 of the Original Filing. All other schedules were omitted
        because they are not applicable, not required under the instructions, or the requested information is shown in the consolidated
        financial statements or related notes thereto.
| | (b) | Exhibits: The exhibits required to be filed by Item 15 are set forth in, and filed with or incorporated by reference in, the “Exhibit Index” of the Original Filing. The attached list of exhibits in the “Exhibit Index” sets forth the additional exhibits required to be filed with this Amendment and is incorporated herein by reference in response to this item.     



EXHIBIT INDEX



|ExhibitNo. |  | Exhibit Index                                                                                 |  | Form |  | Filing Date |  | ExhibitNumber |  | FiledHerewith
|---------- |  | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |  | ---- |  | ----------- |  | ------------- |  | -------------
|31.3       |  | Certification of Principal Executive Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) |  |      |  |             |  |               |  | X            
|31.4       |  | Certification of Principal Financial Officer, as required by Rule 13a-14(a) or Rule 15d-14(a) |  |      |  |             |  |               |  | X            





















15






SIGNATURES



Pursuant to the requirements
of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf
by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.





|                     |     | XENETIC BIOSCIENCES, INC.
|-------------------- | --- | -------------------------
|                     |     |                          
|Date: April 30, 2018 | By: | /s/ JEFFREY F. EISENBERG 
|                     |     | Jeffrey F. Eisenberg     
|                     |     | Chief Executive Officer  







































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