Fossils of the 

Littleton Formation 

(Lower Devonian) of 

New Hampshire

By A. J. BOUCOT and ROBERT ARNDT

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 334-B

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1960
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 

FRED A. SEATON, Secretary

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 

Thomas B. Nolan, Director

For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office 

Washington 25, D.C. - Price 25 cents (paper cover)
CONTENTS

Abstract______ ______-_-_-_______--_-___-______--_-_

Introduction __.____^-_-________________-.______.____

Age of the Littleton formation_______________________

Geology of the Devonian fossil-collecting locality on Dalton Mountain____________________________________

Page 

41 

41 

41

43

Stratigraphy of the Littleton formation on Dalton 

Mountain. _ ______________________________________

Systematic paleontology.______________-___-_-_--___-

Summary- _______--__--__---_---_------------------

Selected references--________________________________

Index _____________________________________________

Page

45

46

50

50

51

ILLUSTRATIONS

[Plates 1-3 follow index]

PLATES 1, 2. Brachiopods from the Littleton formation.

3. Brachiopods and other fossils from the Littleton formation. 

FIGURE 3. Index map showing quadrangles cited in text-_________________________________________________________

4. Geologic map and cross-section of area adjacent to the Devonian fossil-collecting locality, Dalton Mountain, 

Whitefield quadrangle, N.H_______________________________________________________________________

TABLES

42

44

TABLE 1. Distribution of fauna from the Littleton formation of New Hampshire and the Moose River sandstone (upper 

part) of northern Maine-___-_-_-_-_-_________-_________________-___-__----_----------_-----------

in

43

SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

FOSSILS OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION (LOWER DEVONIAN)

OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

BY A. J. BOUCOT AND EGBERT ARNDT

ABSTRACT

Reexamination and study of fossils collected from 3 localities 

in New Hampshire show the presence of the brachiopods Amiriiigenia and Eofler&naria cf. E. arciiata at 2 of the localities. 

The evidence suggests a correlation of the containing strata 

with the Camden chert (Lower Devonian) of Tennessee. All 

the fossils are from slightly metamorphosed (chlorite zone) 

strata of the Littleton formation in northern New Hampshire. 

Fossils from highly metamorphosed (sillimanite zone) rocks 

correlated with the Littleton formation are determined to be of 

post-Early Ordovician age. Several thousand feet of unfossiliferous post-Silurian rocks, below the fossiliferous strata (Littleton formation) in the Littleton quadrangle, are present in part 

of the adjoining Whitefield quadrangle. The absence of these 

strata in part of the Whitefleld quadrangle may be due to 

nondeposition or to erosion prior to deposition of strata of 

Camden age.

INTRODUCTION

The slightly metamorphosed fossiliferous beds of the 

Littleton formation crop out in the Littleton, Moosilauke, and Whitefield quadrangles of northwestern 

New Hampshire (fig. 3). Devonian fossils were first 

reported from this area by F. H. Lahee (1912). A 

previous study of the fauna by Cleaves (Billings and 

Cleaves, 1934) concluded that the strata which yielded 

the fossils are of Oriskany age. Restudy of the fossils 

available to Cleaves, plus those obtained from a new 

locality located by Arnclt in the Whitefield quadrangle 

(collected by Boucot and others) demonstrates that the 

faunas are of Camden rather than of Oriskany age. 1 

The locality in the Whitefield quadrangle was visited 

in the summer of 1949 by M. P. Billings, K. FowlerBillings, and the authors.

The Littleton formation is the only formation in 

New Hampshire which has yielded generically identifiable fossils of Early Devonian age. All the speci1 The Camden chert, in Boucot's opinion, is of Early Devonian 

age, as it is a correlative at least of part of the lower Emsian portion 

of the standard section for the Devonian in the Rhiiieland. Etirtixpirifer 

atJanticus of the Littleton formation and the Moose River sandstone 

(upper part) is very similar to Euryspirifer hercyniae (Giebel) which 

characterizes the lower Emsiari.

mens are slightly metamorphosed. The Littleton has 

well-developed slaty cleavage and porphyroblasts of 

pyrite with pressure shadows of fibrous quartz (often 

in the beaks of the brachiopods). Metamorphism 

renders the specific identification of the fossils difficult. 

The nearest fossiliferous beds of similar age are to the 

northeast in Somerset County, Maine (upper part of 

the Moose Kiver sandstone).

The following fossil-collecting localities are cited 

in text:

1. Pageau Farm (Tip Top Hill, loc. 8 of Billings and 

Cleaves, 1934), Littleton quadrangle, Grafton County, 

X.H. USGS SD-3247.

2. Mormon Hill (loc. 11 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934), 

Littleton quadrangle, Grafton County. N.H.

3. Mount Clough, Moosilauke quadrangle, Grafton 

County, N.H.

4. Dalton Mountain, Whitefield quadrangle, Coo:? County, 

X.H. USGS SD-3248. Two and three-quarters miles 

northwest, of Whitefield, or one-half of a mile N. 10° 

E. of knob 2,000 feet elevation on northeast end of Dalton Mountain. (See fig. 4.)

AGE OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION

The fossils identified in the faunas collected from 

the Littleton formation and also the ones that are common to the upper part of the Moose River sandstone are 

shown on table 1. Inspection of table 1 indicates that 

the faunas from the Pageau Farm, Mormon Fill, and 

Dalton Mountain are very similar and therefore are 

concluded to be of the same age. The forms common 

to both the faunas of the Littleton formation pnd that 

of the upper part of the Moose River sandstone suggests that these two units are of the same age.

The presence of Amplugemti in three of the above 

mentioned faunas indicates that they are to b° correlated with the zone of Ampliigemn which elsewhere in 

North America (Cloud, 1942, p. 77; Cooper, 1942, 

chart) is thought to be restricted to strata of Onoiidaga 

age. In addition, the presence of highly convex speci41
42 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

FOSSILIFEROUS LOCALITIES

1 Pageau Farm

2 Mormon Hill

3 Mount Clough

4 Dalton Mountain

40 Miles

FIGURE 3. Index map showing quadrangles cited in text.
FOSSILS OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE 43

TABLE 1. Distribution, of fauna from the Littleton formation of New Hampshire and the Moose River sandstone (upper part) of northern

Maine

Fossil

Rhipidomelloides musculosa Solaris

Euryspirifer cf. E. atlanticus

Schuchertellal sp^

Amphigenia cf. A. parva _

Brachiopod?

Unidentified pterineoid pelecypod

Dalton 

Mountain

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Pageau 

Farm

X

X

X

V

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Locality

Mormon 

Hill

X

X

X

X

X

X

Species common to MOOSP 

River sandstone (upper 

part)

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

X

Mount 

Clough

X

Known stratigraphic range

Late Early Devonian.

Silurian to Mississippian.

Ordovician to Mississippian.

Late Early Devonian.

mens of Eodevona-ria^ and spiriferoids similar to 

Euryspinfer atlanticm are suggestive of a post-Oriskany age since these forms have not previously been 

reported from strata of Oriskany age or older.

The faunules obtained from the Littleton formation 

in the Littleton and Whitefield quadrangles occur in 

structurally isolated synclines from which the strata 

cannot be traced directly into the adjacent highly metamorphosed rocks with which they have been correlated.

At Mount Clough (fig. 3, loc. 3) two specimens were 

obtained from the. metamorphic rocks correlated with 

the immetamorphosed Littleton formation (Billings 

and Cleaves, 1935, p. 530-536). Both specimens were 

identified as brachiopocls by Cleaves, and the better 

specimen (pi. 3, fig. 26) as "tfph't'fer sp. inclet.' 1 The 

better specimen was probably a coarsely plicated 

bivalve, but no basis for reliable phyletic assignment, 

much less a generic assignment, exists. It is Boucot's 

opinion, after studying various faunas of early Paleozoic age from the northern Appalachians, that the 

specimens probably are brachiopocls rather than pelecypods, although this opinion cannot be proved on a morphologic basis. If the specimens are brachiopocls or 

pelecypods, it is probable that the containing beds are 

of post-Early Ordovician age. In Boucofs opinion 

the better specimen could be assigned to any coarsely 

plicate brachiopod, including forms such as Phdyxtrophia and HowelleUa.

More detailed assignment of the strata must be 

based on stratigraphic sequence and lithologic similarity rather than on any fossil evidence.

As recognized by Billings and Cleaves (1935, p. 534), 

these specimens from Mount Clough were not sufficiently diagnostic to date the enclosing rocks. They 

assigned the rocks to the Littleton formation on the 

basis of stratigraphic position and lithologic character.

Because beds of massive gray sandstone at locality 2 

are very poorly exposed, no attempt was made to determine their stratigraphic position within the sandy 

member. Cobbles of quartzite of the type fonnd in 

the Albee formation are present in an outcrop of conglomerate that is approximately 250 feet west of locality 2 (fig. 4). Their large size suggests that the conglomerate lies relatively close to the contact with the 

Albee formation. The relation of bedding to cleavage 

indicates that a syncline lies to the southeast as at locality 2.

GEOLOGY OF THE DEVONIAN FOSSIL-COLLECTING 

LOCALITY ON DALTON MOUNTAIN

Fossils of Camden age are found in two exposures 

on the northwest limb of the Dalton Mountain subsidiary syncline (fig. 4) (Billings, 1955). The rocks at 

both exposures are slaty sandstone of the Littleton formation. At locality 1, which has yielded the most fossils and from which all the described material has 

come, the strata lie between 65 and 170 feet ab->ve the 

base of the sandstone, depending on whether the beds 

are repeated by folding or dip uniformly toward the 

southeast, with no minor folding. Field data indicate 

the presence of some minor folding, but its extent is 

undetermined because of the small size and scattered
44 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Fossihferous locality 2

Fossiliferous locality 1

Strike and dip of axial plane of fold 

and plunge of ax's

Strike and dip of beds

Strike of vertical beds

Strike and dip of clewage

Schist

Slate

Sandstone 

Conglomerate

FIGURE 4. Geologic map and cross section of area adjacent to the Devonian fossil locality, Dalton Mountain, Whitefield' quadrangle, New Hampshire.

nature of the outcrops of essentially massive, slaty Action A of figure 4

sandstone. General structural relations are shown Extensive covered zone Feef

in the cross section (fig. 4). Conglomerate -- 2

North of locality 1, the base of the Littleton forma- G ' . , ~iateral~~ffset_Vr___ "III____________ _ 2

tion consists of quartz-pebble conglomerate, gray conglomerate________________________ 2

quartzite, and dark-gray slaty sandstone that lie on the Covered zone 15

Albee formation. The contact between the formations Albee fr>rmation___________________ ________ -

is not exposed, but at one place it occurs within a Section B of figure 4 Feet

covered zone 15 feet wide. The character of the base Conglomerate 1

of the Littleton formation is suggested in two sections Gai> ~ " ^

-, ,, , ., ,, , , ,,-, -, -,- Gray sandstone a

measured across the strike of the beds at this locality Gap and lateral offtJet_____________-__ ____ 8

and shown below : Conglomerate______________________________ 1
FOSSILS OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE 45

Feet 

Quartzite_______________________________ 3

Conglomerate____________________________ 1

Quartzite________________________________ 3

Gap and lateral offset______________________ 6 

Gray sandstone____________________________ 3

No other outcrops in this area

Because beds of massive gray sandstone at locality 

2 are very poorly exposed, no attempt was made to 

determine their stratigraphic position within the sandy 

member. Cobbles of quartzite of the type found in the 

Albee formation are present in an outcrop of conglomerate that is located approximately 250 feet west of 

locality 2 (fig. 4). Their large size suggests that 

the conglomerate lies relatively close to the contact with 

the Albee formation. The relation of bedding to 

cleavage indicates that a syncline lies to the southeast 

as at locality 1.

STRATIGRAPHY OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION ON 

DALTON MOUNTAIN

Fossils of Camden age have been found at three 

localities in the slightly metamorphosed strata of the 

Littleton formation in northern New Hampshire (fig. 

3). In the Littleton quadrangle, at the Pageau Farm 

and Mormon Hill, diagnostic fossils occur about 2,500 

to 3,000 feet above the base of the Littleton formation 

(Billings and Cleaves, 1934, p. 422), whereas on Dalton 

Mountain in the Whitefield quadrangle they occur about 

65 to 170 feet (depending on whether the beds are 

repeated by folding or dip uniformly toward the southeast) above the base of the formation. In the Littleton 

quadrangle, as pointed out by Billings (1937), no fossils have been found in the lower 2,000 feet of the 

Littleton formation (which occurs in an isolated canoeshaped syncline). Moreover, the formation rests with 

apparent conformity upon the Fitch formation, of 

Silurian age (Billings, 1937). Although older Lower 

Devonian fossils have not been found in the 2,500 feet 

of beds underlying those that contain fossils of Camden age in the Littleton quadrangle, there is no a 

priori reason to conclude that these barren beds are of 

the same age as those that contain fossils (Billings 

and Cleaves, 1934, p. 422).

The Littleton formation of Dalton Mountain occurs 

in a doubly plunging syncline. A small central anticline divides the doubly plunging syncline of Dalton 

Mountain lengthwise into two subsidiary synclines 

(Billings, 1955, geologic map).

Black slate interbedded with thin white to gray 

quartzite is most abundant in the northwestern subsidiary syncline, and at the southwestern end of Dalton 

Mountain in the southeastern subsidiary anticline. 

Slaty sandstone is abundant in the southeastern sub507220 O 60 2

sidiary syncline, especially at the northeastern end of 

Dalton Mountain, where it contains a conspicuous basal 

conglomerate that lies both on black slate of the northwestern subsidiary syncline and on the Albee formation. The sequence of beds within the Littleton formation of the northeastern part of Dalton Mountain, 

from base to top, is black slate (with thin gray to 

white quartzite), conglomerate, and slaty sandstone. 

This is similar to the sequence within the Littleton 

formation in the Littleton quadrangle except that there 

are, in addition, volcanic rocks associated with the conglomerate, which is made up largely of volcanic 

material (Billings, 1937).

Direct measurement of the thickness of the Littleton 

formation on Dalton Mountain is not possible because 

of relatively poor exposure. Billings (1937, p. 474- 

475) has shown that the ratio of apparent thickness 

to breadth of outcrop is 1 to 2 in vertical beds northwest of the Ammonoosuc thrust in the Littleton 

quadrangle. If this relation holds on Dalton Mountain, the black slate of the northwestern subsidiary syncline might be about 1,500 feet thick, for its dip 

averages 45° NW., over a zone about 4,300 feet broad. 

Similarly, the thickness of slaty sandstone of the southeastern subsidiary syncline might be approximately 

1,200 feet, and the total thickness of the Littleton formation here at the widest part of the zone of outcrop 

might be about 2,700 feet.

The Littleton formation of Dalton Mountain lies on 

top of rocks of pre-Silurian and Silurian age. Rocks 

of pre-Silurian age include the Albee formation, which 

consists of interbedded quartzite, slate, and phyllite; 

and overlying Ammonoosuc volcanics of slaty, phyllitic, and schistose tuffs, flows, breccia, conglomerate, 

slate, and quartzite. Small patches of conglomerate, 

arkose, and dolomitic slate, assigned to the Fitch formation of Silurian age on the basis of similar lithology, 

lie tmconformably on the pre-Silurian rocks in scattered localities. The black slate of the Littleton 

formation lies on the Albee formation in the western 

subsidiary syncline; on Ammonoosuc volcanics at the 

southwestern end of Dalton Mountain; and locally on 

rocks of the Fitch formation. At the north end of 

Dalton Mountain gray, slaty sandstone and basal 

conglomerate (consisting of pebbles of vein quartz plus 

quartzite similar to that of the Albee formation, embedded in a dark-gray, slaty sandstone matrix) of the 

Littleton formation lie on the Albee formation.

Whereas fossils date the slaty sandstone as of Camden ae;e, the black slate, lacking fossils, is undated & / * 

except that it is younger than the beds assigned to 

the Fitch formation and could be either of Silurian 

age or Early Devonian age.
46 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

The patchy occurrence of the Fitch formation in 

the Dalton Mountain area requires either that uplift 

and erosion, renewed after deposition of the Fitch formation, stripped most of it; or that the Fitch formation 

was accumulated here only in locally inundated areas 

during the Silurian, prior to the widespread deposition 

of the black muds of the Littleton formation.

The widespread distribution of the Littleton formation over rocks of pre-Silurian age indicates that the 

older rocks were uplifted and eroded before Littleton 

time began.

It has been recognized that the basal beds of the 

Littleton formation are contrastingly black slate, conglomerate, or slaty sandstone in different areas and 

that the conglomerate and slaty sandstone on Dalton 

Mountain and elsewhere are of Camden age. The 

close proximity on Dalton Mountain of areas in which 

slaty sandstone and conglomerate are the basal beds 

of the Littleton formation with those in which black 

slate is the basal part (fig. 4) requires explanation. 

Three possible interpretations are suggested:

The area at the northeast end of Dalton Mountain 

was one of nondeposition during the accumulation of 

the black mud of the Littleton formation elsewhere.

While black argillaceous sediment accumulated elsewhere, older rocks in a positive area at the northeast 

end of Dalton Mountain were being eroded and 

produced coarse clastic sediment which was deposited 

to the southeast.

Local uplift and erosion followed widespread deposition of the black muds of early Littleton time and 

exposed the underlying Albee formation at the northern end of Dalton Mountain. Rock debris eroded from 

the Albee formation and black mud from the lower 

part of the Littleton formation were incorporated in 

the conglomerate and slaty sandstone of Camden age.

Of these three possible explanations the writers 

prefer that which explains the black slate and conglomerate belonging to the lower part of the Littleton 

formation on Dalton Mountain as facies equivalents 

of the same age. However, until fossils are found in 

the black slate, or until more detailed fieldwork reveals 

an actual intertoiiguing relation between the two, the 

above conclusion cannot be considered to have been 

proved. It would be very desirable to restudy the 

stratigraphic relations existing within the fossiliferous 

Early Devonian rocks of northern New Hampshire 

with a view toward solving this question.

SYSTEMATIC PALEONTOLOGY

The specimens studied by Cleaves (Billings and 

Cleaves, 1934) were reexamined, and his specimens are 

refigured in this paper. Plate and figure numbers in

the following discussions are those, of this paper. 

Catalog numbers of the Museum of Comparative 

Zoology, Cambridge, Mass., are cited as MCZ ; those of 

the U.S. National Museum as USNM.

Genus RHIPIDOMELLOIDES Boucot and AmsHen, 1958

Rhipidomelloides musculosa (Hall, 1857) Solaris (Clarke, 1907)

Plate 1, figures 2-14

RliipidomcJhi musculosa Hall, var. Solaris Clarke, 1907, New

York State Mus. Bull. 107, p. 284, figs. 1, 3 [not fig. 2]. 

Clarke, 1909, New York State Mus. Mem. 9, pt. 2, p. 88, pi.

21, figs. 8, 10-11 [not fig. 9]. 

Platyortliis circularis Cleaves, 1934, [not Sowerbv], Am. Jour.

ScL, v. 28, p. 427-430, pi. 1, figs. 2, 3, 6.

Chonctes canaa'cHsis Cleaves, 1934, [not Billings, 1874], p. 431- 

432, pi. 1, figs. 5, 7, 8.

sp. inclet. Cleaves. 1934. p. 433.

Exterior. Subcircular to transversely elliptical, 

unequally biconvex, the brachial valve with greater 

degree of convexity than the almost flat pedicle valve, 

which may be weakly silicate. Hinge line short. 

Anterior commissure rectimarginate. Notothyrium 

filled by stout cardinal process. Pedicle interarea 

short. Surface multicostellate, increase in number 

of costellae by bifurcation and implantation. Pedicle 

interarea apsacliiie, brachial interarea orthocline.

Pedicle interior. Delthyrial cavity shallow, dental 

plates anterolaterally merging with low ridges surrounding posterior half of muscle area and diverging 

at an angle of 60° to 110°. Hinge teeth short, stout, 

and diverging at same angle as dental plates. Muscle 

area very large and flabellate; may extend anteriorly 

almost to anterior margin. Anterior and lateral margins delicately crenulated with flat, usually grooved 

crenulations. Flabellate, paired adjustor-diductor 

scars, separated in median line by low, sharp myophragm, enclose small posteromedian adductor scars. 

Adductor scars paired, elongate, elliptical, anterior of 

pedicle callist, medially divided by myorJiragm.

Brachial Interior. Dental sockets op°n, brachiophores diverging at angle corresponding to that of 

hinge teeth. Ponderous cardinal process extends to 

posterior margin; posterior face tilted anteriorly; 

anterior face tilted steeply posteriorly. Muscle area 

quadripartite, divided by low rounded septa. Muscle 

area extends anteriorly about two-fifthf of length; 

anterior scars the larger. Brachiophores long, supported anteriorly by secondary material, tips pointed.

Discussion. This subspecies was first described by 

Clarke (1907), as a variety of "RhipidomeUa"'1 musculosa (Hall, 1857), from material collected by Olof 

Nylander. In the original description, uMoosehead 

Lake, Baker Brook Point; Brassua Lal'e east side;
FOSSILS OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE 47

Moose River at Stony Brook, Maine 1 ' are listed as localities (Clarke, 1907, p. 284). Clarke later gave the same 

locality list as above (Clarke, 1909, p. 88) ; on page 208 

of the same volume, however, localities were assigned to 

four figured specimens (three of which had previously 

been figured in Clarke, 1907) figures 8, 10, and 11 

cited as from Tomhegaii Point, Moosehead Lake, and 

figure 9 from Jackman Farm. Since rocks and fossils 

of only Oriskany age occur on Tomhegaii Point and R. 

mmculosa Solaris is limited in both Maine and New 

Hampshire to beds of Camden age, it seems clear that 

the specimens represented by figures 8, 10, and 11 were 

collected from beds of Camden age probably on 

Baker Brook Point. Figure 9, representing a brachial 

valve, possesses the cardinalia and other characters of 

Platyorthls; it is, therefore, reasonable that it was collected from beds of Oriskany age at Jackman Farm.

darkens original description indicates that he 

founded his variety, considered here a subspecies, upon 

the characters of the pedicle valve: "These are all 

small shells with the enormous adductor (sic diductoradductor) scar in a state of high development. These 

shells are somewhat less circular, more transverse 

than the New York and Grande Greve Oriskany 

specimens of R. muxculoxa, but their specific identity 

is not greatly veiled" (Clarke, 1907, p. 284). It is 

recommended that Clarke's name UR. nw\sculosa 

zolaris" be retained for the forms whose pedicle valves 

are figured in accordance with his implied intent.

Restudy of Cleave's collections shows that the specimens figured by him as Platyorthix circularly (pi. 1, figs. 

9, 12, 13) are actually Rhipidomelloides. In addition 

several specimens figured by him as C fhon.etes canadensis (pi. 1, figs. 7, 8, 10) are also Rhipidomelloides, as is 

another assigned to '{/Schizophort'a sp. indet. (pi. 1, 

fig. 14).

The crenulations on the internal margins of 

Platyorthix are very distinctive owing to their branching character, as opposed to the unbranched crenulations present in rhipidomellids. "Chonetes" canadens-i-8 Billings, 1874, does not have internal margin crenulations, a subcircular outline or nearly so large a deeply 

impressed, flabellate muscle field in the pedicle valve. 

On the other hand it does have, a short posterior median 

septum in the pedicle valve which is absent in 

Rhipidom,elloldex. Chonetids of the "> £V canademis 

type do not possess dental plates, whereas Rhipidomelloides has prominently developed dental plates.

Holoti/pe: The impression of a pedicle interior as figured by 

Clarke (1907, p. 284, right side of page, New York State Mus. 

type No. 8505) is here selected as the holotype.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Dalton Mountain.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation in 

the Littleton quadrangle and base of the Littleton formation 

in the adjoining Whitefield quadrangle.

Geographic distribution: Somerset County, Maine (up^er part 

of the Moose River sandstone of Camden age) ; northern New Hampshire; the Green Pond area of New Jersey, 

("tichisophoria sp. cf. S. striatitla (Schlotheim)" of Weller 

[1903] from the Kanouse sandstone of Camden age) : 

possibly the "7?. alual Hall" of Dunbar (1919) from western 

Tennessee (Camden chert of late Early Devonian age).

Figured specimens: MCZ 8666; 8667, 8668; 8675; 8677; 8680; 

USNM 125503, 125518 A, 125519, 125526, 125528.

Unfigurcd specimens: MCZ 8669 A, B, D.

Unidentified orthoid brachiopod

Plate 1, figure 1 

Chonetex sp. indet. Cleaves, 1934, Am. Jour. Sci., v. 28 p. 433.

Remarks. A single impression of the interior of a 

pedicle valve was referred by Cleaves to Chonetes sp. 

indet., but the presence of a cordate muscle field laterally 

bounded by short dental lamellae and the impress upon 

the internal impression of radial costellae are indicative 

of an orthoid. The material is too poorly preserved to 

be generically identified.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation.

Figured specimen: MCZ 8679B.

Genus COSTELLIROSTRA Cooper, 1942 

Costellirostra sp.

Plate 1, figures 15-16

Remarks. A few specimens from Dalton Mcuntain 

possess the generic characters of Costellirostra. They 

are somewhat fragmentary but exhibit the form given 

in the following descriptions.

Exterior. The exterior is not well enough preserved 

to ascertain its ornamentation. Biconvex, well-developed sulcus on pedicle valve that extends into a prominent tongue anteriorly and corresponds to the prominent 

U-shaped anterior margin of the brachial valve. Outline subcircular.

Brachial interior. Short median septum present at 

posterior end of valve. Cardinalia not preserved in 

specimens studied.

Pedicle interior. Short hinge teeth, muscle field 

deeply impressed, consisting of large diductor scars 

surrounding small pair of partly covered adductor impressions. Posterior half of muscle field divided by 

median septum.

Occurrence: Dalton Mountain. 

Geologic fora^/OH: Base of Littleton formation. 

Geographic distribution: Eastern North America. 

Figured specimens: USNM 125513,125686.
48 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

Genus ATRYPA Dalman, 1828 

Atrypa "reticularis" (Linnaeus, 1767)

Plate 1, figure 17

?Atrypa reticularis (Linnaeus), Cleaves, 193-1, Am.

Jour. Sci., v. 28, p. -433.

Remarks. A single impression of the brachial interior from the Pageau Farm has the characters of A. 

ireticularis"1 including the characteristic muscle field 

and impression of the external ornamentation. On the 

same piece is an impression of the interior of an 

Amphigenia pedicle valve.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation.

Geographic distribution: World-wide.

Figured specimen: MCZ 8681.

Genus EURYSPIRIFER Wedekind, 1923 

Euryspirifer cf. E. atlantieus (Clarke, 1907) 

Plate 1, figures 18-20, plate 2, figures 1-4

Spirifer primaecus Steininger atlanticus Clarke, 1907, New York

State Mus. Bull. 107 p. 260-262. 

Spirifer gaspensis Williams and Breger, 1916 [not Billings, 1874]

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 89, p. 107-113, pi. 4, fig. 7. 

ftpirifer murchisoni Cleaves, 1934, [not Castelnau] Am. Jour.

Sci., v. 28, p. 433-435, pi. 2, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4. 

Leptocoelia sp. indet Cleaves, 1934, Am. Jour. Sci., v. 28, p. 436,

pi. 1, figs. 10-13.

Exterior. External fine ornamentation destroyed 

during metamorphism, biconvex, outline subcircular to 

alate, strongly developed angular fold on brachial valve, 

well-developed sulcus on pedicle valve, pedicle interarea 

apsacline and concave, brachial interarea orthocline to 

gently apsacline, bordered by 6 to 14 lateral plications. 

Anterior commissure uniplicate and crenulate.

Pedicle interior. Short, stout dental plates support 

stubby hinge teeth and laterally enclose deeply impressed muscle field. Impression of muscle field projects posteriorly well behind hinge line. Impression of 

external plications pronounced.

Brachial interior. Cardinalia consist of comblike 

structure sunk into the floor of the notothyrial cavity, 

discrete hinge plates whose posterior face forms one 

side of dental sockets. Impression of lateral plications 

like those of pedicle valve.

Comparison. Small specimens of Euryspirifer and 

Acrospmfer have almost identical form, as it is only 

among the larger specimens that the increased number 

of lateral plications characterizing Euryspirifer becomes evident. It is not surprising therefore that the 

hysterolitids from the Pageau Farm were mistakenly 

associated with Acrospirifer murchisoni. The destruction of fine ornamentation in these shells prevents the 

generic identification from being positive. Note the 

absence of crural plates in the brachial valve (pi. 2,

fig. 2), these structures being characteristic of the howellellids. E. intermedhis (Hall, 1859) has fewer lateral 

plications than/?, atlanticm (Clarke, 1907).

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Mormon Hill.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littletor formation.

Geographic distribution: Somerset County, Maine (upper part 

of the Moose River sandstone of Camden age, and northern 

New Hampshire.

Figured specimens: MCZ 8662, 8663, 8664, 8682 A, 8682 B, 

8682 C, 8682 D.

Unfigured specimens: MCZ 8661, 8760 A-D.

Genus BRACHYSPZRIFER Wedekind, 1923

Brachyspirifer cf. B. perimele Clarke, 1907

Plate 2, figures 5-7

Spirifer perimele Clarke, 1907, New York State Mus. Bull. 107, 

p. 253-254.

Remarks. The collections from Daltoii Mountain 

contain a few hysterolitids possessing the form of B. 

perimele. They have a relatively broad sulcus bordered 

by numerous, low, rounded costellae, and have a deeply 

impressed pedicle muscle field. Unfortunately the material is too poorly preserved to be specifically identifiable.

Occurrence: Dalton Mountain.

Geologic location: Base of Littleton formation.

Geographic distribution: Somerset County, Maine (upper 

part of Moose River sandstone of Camden ag«), and northern New Hampshire.

Figured specimens: USNM 125508 A, 125510, 125524 A.

Genus PROTOLEPTOSTROPHIA Caster, 1939 

Protoleptostrophia cf. P. blainvillei (Billinps, 1874)

Plate 2, figures 8-12 

titropliomena blainrillei Billings, 1874, Paleozoic fossils: Canada

Geol. Survey, p. 28, pi. 2, fig. 1. 

Leptostrophia magnified, Cleaves, 1934 [not Hall], Am. Jour.

Sci., v. 28, p. 430-431, pi. 1, fig. 1. 

Chonetes canadensis Cleaves, 1934 [not Billirgs], Am Jour.

Sci., v. 28, p. 431-432, pi. 1, fig. 4.

Remarks. Most of the available specimens consist 

of pedicle valves that are indistinguishable from Leptoxtrophia, but the presence of a brachial interior (pi. 

2, fig. 8) showing the absence of either socket plates or 

a swollen chilidium demonstrate that the leptostrophids 

from the Littleton formation belong to Protoleptostrophia. The specimen assigned by Cleaves (pi. 1, fig. 4) 

to ^Chonetes" canadensis has the characteristic radial 

ornamentation of a ieptostrophid rather than the interrupted radial ornamentation present in "^V 

canadensis.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Mormon Hill. 

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

Geographic distribution: Eastern North America. 

Figured specimens: MCZ 8671, 8671 A, 8674; USNM 125501, 

125520 A.

Unfigured, specimens: MCZ 8672 A-D.
FOSSILS OF THE LITTLETON FORMATION, NEW HAMPSHIRE 49

Genus SCHUCHERTELLA Girty, 1904 

Schuchertella? sp.

Plate 3, figure 1

Remarks. A single specimen from Mormon Hill apparently belongs to fichuchertella. It has the form and 

ornamentation of an orthotetacid. It is not possible to 

indicate the specific affinities of this shell.

Occurrence: Mormon Hill.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation.

Geographic distribution: Worldwide.

Figured specimen: MCZ 8670.

Genus LEPTAENA Dalman, 1828 

Leptaena "rhomboidalis" (Wilckens, 1769)

Plate 3, figure 2

Remarks. A few fragments from Mormon Hill and 

the Pageau Farm possess the wrinkled ornamentation 

and geniculate form of L. "rhomboidaUs.'"

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Mormon Hill. 

Geologic location: Upper part of Littleton formation. 

Geographic distribution: Worldwide. 

Figured specimen: MCZ 8673.

Genus CHONETES Fischer, 1837 

"Chonetes" cf. <C." nectus Clarke, 1907

Plate 3. figures 3-9

Chonetes nectus Clarke. 1907, New York State Mus. Bull. 107,

p. 263-264, 4 figs. 

Chonetes hitch cock i Cleaves, 1934, Am. Jour. Sci., v. 28, p. 432-

433, pi. 1, fig. 15.

Chonetes sp. indet Cleaves, 1934 idem, p. 433, pi. 1, fig. 14. 

Chonetes vicinus deflect us Williams and Breger, 1916 [not Hall],

U.S. Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 89, pp. 49-52, pi. 3, fig. 8.

Remarks. The relatively coarsely costellate chonetid 

from the Pageau Farm and Dalton Mountain is similar in form, as far as can be determined from the poor 

specimens available, to "Chonetes" nectus. Unfortunately, Cleaves' material is too poor to enable one to 

demonstrate statistically that his "Chonetes hitchcocki' 

is not a synonym of "T." neetux, but the morphology 

of the specimens is similar, as is their stratigraphic 

position; therefore, it seems most reasonable to consider 

them as synonymous.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Dalton Mountain.

Geologic location,: Upper part of Littleton formation in Littleton quadrangle, and base of Littletou formation in Whitefield 

quadrangle.

Geographic distribution: Somerset County, Maine (upper part 

of Moose River sandstone of Camden age), northern New 

Hampshire.

Figured specimens: MCZ 8678 A, C, 8679 A, H. USNM 125509, 

125514 A, 125514 B.

Unfigurcd specimens: MCZ 8679 C-G.

Genus EODEVONARIA Breger, 1906 

Eodevonaria cf. E. arcuata (Hall, 1857) 

Plate 3, figures 10-13

Remarks. Highly convex chonetids possessing finely 

costellate radial ornamentation and a denticulate hinge 

line occur in the Littleton formation. The form, in 

addition to the denticulate hinge line, indicates that 

this material should be assigned to Eode-vonaria, the 

most similar species being E. arcuata.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm, Mormon Hill, and Dalton 

Mountain.

Geologic location: Upper part of Littleton formation in Littleton quadrangle, and base of Littleton formation in Whitefield 

quadrangle.

Geographic distribution: Eastern North America.

Figured specimens: MCZ 9412, USNM 125515, 125521.

Genus AMPHIGENIA Hall, 1867

Amphigenia cf. A. parva Clarke, 1907 

Plate 3, figures 14-20

Exterior. Smooth, biconvex, elongate to subcir^ular 

in outline, brachial valve gently convex, pedicle valve 

carinate.

Pedicle interior. Well-developed spondylium supported by a median septum composed of medially convergent dental plates evident in material from New 

Hampshire.

Brachial interior. Long crural plates support a perforate cardinal plate. Adductor muscle field narrow 

and split into four subparallel impressions, separated 

by low ridges.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm and Dalton Mountain.

Geologic location: Upper part of Littleton formation in Littleton quadrangle, and base of Littleton formation in Whitefield 

quadrangle.

Geographic distribution: Eastern North America.

Figured specimens: MCZ 8681; USNM 125506, 125508 B, 

125511, 125517 A, 125522, 125523 B.

Genus PRIONOTHYRIS Cloud, 1942

Prionothyris? sp.. 

Plate 3, figures 21-25

Exterior. Subcircular outline, surface smooth except for concentric growth lines, subequally biconvex 

with pedicle valve having greater convexity, anterior 

commissure rectimarginate.

Brachial interior. Short crural plates suppor^ cardinal plate which is surmounted by terminally bifid 

cardinal process. Detailed form of cardinal process not 

known, but suggests Prio-nothyris; is similar to an undescribed species from upper part of Moose River sandstone, Cardinal plate imperforate, Narrow, medial
50 SHORTER CONTRIBUTIONS TO GENERAL GEOLOGY

adductor Held weakly impressed and divided medially 

by low myopliragm.

Pedwle interior. Dental plates obsolete. Muscle 

field elongate, subovate, divided into a small pair of 

medial adductor scars entirely surrounded by large, 

more deeply impressed diductor field. Myopliragm divides muscle field medially.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm.

Geologic location: Upper part of Littleton formation in Littleton quadrangle.

Geographic distribution: Eastern North America and 

Colombia.

Figured specimens: USNM 125500 B, 125504 A, 125512 B, 

125516, 125527.

Unidentified pterineoid pelecypod 

Plate 3, figures 29-31

Pterinea radialis Cleaves, 1934 [not Clarke], Am. Jour. Sci., 

v. 28, pp. 436-437, pi. 2, figs. 5-7.

ins. A few left valves of a pterineoid pelecypod have the external ornamentation and form of 

Actinopterm teytilis, but the material is too poorly preserved for positive identification. Pelecypods of similar aspect have been found in the upper part of the 

Moose River sandstone.

Occurrence: Pageau Farm.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation.

Figured specimens: MCZ 15056, 15057, 15058.

Unidentified pelecypod 

Plate 3, figure 28

Remarks. A single impression of the interior of a 

right valve belonging to a strongly keeled pelecypod 

with prominent growth lines, and a subrect angular outline was found at Dalton Mountain. The general form 

is goniophorid, but the specimen is too poorly preserved 

to be generic ally identified.

Occurrence: Dalton Mountain.

Geologic location: Base of the Littleton formation.

Figured specimen : USNM 125502 B.

Genus TENTACTTLITES Schlotheim, 1820

Tentaculites sp.

Plate 3, figure 27

Tentaculites scltlotJieimi Cleaves, 1934 [not Koken], Am. Jour. 

Sei., v. 28, p. 437.

Remark*. A single poorly preserved tentaculitid 

was found in the beds at Mormon Hill, but it is too 

poorly preserved to be specifically identifiable.

Occurrence: Mormon Hill.

Geologic location: Upper part of the Littleton formation.

Figured specimen: MCZ 27907.

SUMMARY

The slightly metamorphosed slaty sandstone and 

conglomerate of the Littleton formation, which rests 

unconformably upon pre-Silurian strata at the northeastern end of Dalton Mountain, in the Whitefield 

quadrangle are of Camden age as is the upper 

part of that unit in the adjacent Littleton and Moosilauke quadrangles. The lower 2,000 feet of the Littleton formation in the Littleton and Moosilauke quadrangles is unfossiliferous but is bracketed between 

strata of Silurian and late Early Devonian (Camden) 

age as are equivalent black slates on the northwest side 

and southwest end of Dalton Mountain. Paleoiitologic 

evidence suggests that the metamorphosed rocks assigned to the Littleton formation on Mount Clough are 

of post-Early Ordovician age. The correlation of the 

unmetamorphosed Littleton formation with the metamorphosed rocks assigned to this unit must be made 

wholly on the basis of similar stratigraphic sequence 

and lithology as Billings concluded (1937).

SELECTED REFERENCES

Billings, Elkanah, 1874, Paleozoic fossils, v. 2, pt. 1; Canada

Geol. Survey, 144 p. 

Billings, M. P., 1934, Paleozoic age of the rocks of central New

Hampshire: Sci., n. ser., v. 40, Jan. 19, 1934, p. 55-56.

 1937, Regional metamorphism of the Litt'eton-Moosilauke 

area: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 48, no. 4, p. 463-566.

 1955, Geologic Map of New Hampshire: U.S. Geol.

Survey.

Billings, M. P., and Cleaves, A. B., 1934, Paleontology of the Littleton area, New Hampshire: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 28, p. 412- 

438.

 1935, Brachiopods from mica schist, Mount Clough, New 

Hampshire: Am. Jour. Sci., v. 30, p. 530-536.

Clarke, J. M., 1907, Some new Devonic Fossils: New York State 

Mus. Bull. 107, p. 153-291.

 1909, Early Devonic history of New York and eastern 

North America: New York State Mus. Mer\ 9, pt. 2, 250 p.

Cloud, P. E., Jr., 1942, Terebratuloid brachiopod^ of the Silurian 

and Devonian: Geol. Soc. America Spec. Pa per 38, 182 p.

Cooper, G. A., 1942, Correlation of the Devonian sedimentary 

formations of North America: Geol. Soc. America Bull., v. 

53, p. 1729-1793.

Dunbar, C. O., 1919, Stratigraphy and correlation of the Devonian of western Tennessee: Tennessee Geol. Survey Bull. 

21,127 p.

Hall, J., 1857, Descriptions of Paleozoic fossils: New York State 

Cabinet Natural History, 10th Ann. Rep., p. 39-180.

Lahee, F. H., 1912, A new fossiliferous horizon on Blueberry 

Mountain in Littleton, New Hampshire: Science, new ser., 

V. 36, p. 275-276.

Weller, S., 1903. Report on Paleontology: Geol. Survey of New 

Jersey, v. 3, 462 p.

Williams. H. S., and Breger, C. L., 1916, The fauna of the Chapman sandstone of Maine including descriptions of some 

related species from the Moose River sandstone: U.S. 

Geol. Survey Prof. Paper 89, 347 p.
INDEX

[italic numbers indicate descriptions]

Page 

Acrospirifer- _____ _ ____________________________________________ _ ___________ 48

m urch isoni..-.-..............................................._.__......__ 48

Actinopteria textilis _-----_-_____-______-_________________--_----_-----__------_ 50

Albee formation............._..-__.__.-_..._-_......._--_..._._ 43,44,45,46

also, Rhipidomella ---_____-_-_____________________________ _ __________________ 47

Ammonoosuc thrust --------------------.--------____.._____._.__ ..______ 45

Ammonoosuc volcanics. ---__-- _______-------__-____________ _.___________ 45

Amphigenia___ - __ ___ __ _ __ _ _ ___ . . 41,49

parra . - _ __ __ 43, 49, pi. 3

arcuata, Eodevonaria-.-,................................ _________________ 43, 49, pi. 3

atlanticus, Euryspirifer------ ______________________________________ 41,43, 48, pis. 1, 2

Spirifer primaevus.-............................................._........ 48

.4.rypa------- ------------------ ___.--_- ________ 48

reticularis..- _ _______________________________ _ ______________________ 43,48, pi. 1

Baker Brook Point -____-__ _____ ____________ _ ____________________________ 46,47

blainvillei, Protoleptostrophia--...-. ____________________________________ 43, .8, pi. 2

Strophomena ____ _ ________ _ ____________ _ ________________________________ 48

Brachiopod, orthoid, unident-fied_________-_-___________________________ 43, 47, pi. 1

Brack yspirifer perimele- 43, ^8, pi. 2

Camden age_--____ ________________________________________ 43,45,46,47,48,49,50

Camden chert __ _ __ _ ____________________________ _ ________________________ 41,47

Camden faunas_- ___----_-______-_____--______-________ _________________ 41

canadensis, Chonetes - - - -. ___________________________________________ ______ 46,47,48

Chonetes. --------------_______________________________________________________ 49

canadensis ----------__----_____ __--_-______________________________ 46,47, 48

hitchcocki -.--.............-.................................._.__......__ 49

nee?us 43, 49, pi. 3

»i cinus deflectus-- - ___-_-____-________-__________ ___________________ 49

sp. indet --. --- -_-._------ ---_- ---_---_ 47,49

circularis, Platyorthis.--. ____ _ __________________ _ _________________________ 46, 47

Coos County, N.H-_____________________ ____________________________________ 41

Coftellirostra-. ______________________________ ________________________________ 47

sp_______.___________________________________________________________ 43,^7,pi. 1

Dalton Mountain. ______________________________________ 41,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50

deflect, Chonetes vicin ««___________________ _ ___________ _ _________________ 49

Devonian fossil-collecting locality on Dalton Mountain, geology of----------- 43

Eodevmaria --------------____-______--________________________________-_____ 43,49

arcuata.............................................................. 43, 49, pi. 3

Euryspirifer. ___________________ _____________________________________________ 48

a..o7!f.cii/i-------------- _______________________________________ 41,43, 48, pis. 1,2

hercyniae.--- ______________________________________________________________ 41

intermedium-------------------- __________________________________________ 48

Fitch formation._______________________________ _____________________________ 45. 46

gaspensis, Spirifer-. ..-.----......-................._............__..__.

Geology of the Devonian fossil-collecting locality on Dalton Mountain. 

Grafton County, N.H_______________________________________

hercyniae, Euryspirifer. 

hitchcocki, Chonetes -___ 

Howellella _____________

48

43

41

41

49

43

48

47

47

49 

rhomboidalis- ________________________________________________________ 43, 48, pi. 3

Leptocoelia sp. indet_--_--_-___-______________________________________________ 48

48 

48 

41 

45

Littleton quadrangle-_______________________________ _______________ 41,43,45,49,50

intermedius, Euryspirifer - 

Jackman Farm __________

Kanouse sandstone. _______

Leptaenamagnifica. _____________

Littleton formation, age of_ 

stratigraphy of_____. __

Page 

magnifica, Leptostrophia--- ---------------------------------------------- -- 48

Moosehead Lake. ------------------------------------------------------------ 46,47

Moose River sandstone--.-- ------------------------- 41,43,47,48,49,50

Moosilauke quadrangle - --- - --- ---- -- ------- 41, 50

Mormon Hill-__ ______--.-..-_.-.-______..----------------------_ 41,43,45,48,49,50

MountCloi^h---.. --. -.. --------------------------- 41,43,50

m urchison i, Acrospirifer-- ----------------------------------------------------- 48

fifpjrj/er --- - -..--- --------- -- - - . -- 48

m usculosa Solaris, Rhipidomella .-._.______- _____--__--__----____--____------ 46, 47

Solaris, Rhipjdomelloides musculosa __________________________________ 43, 46, pi. 1

nectus, Chonetes-------------------------------------------------------- 43, 4S pi. 3

O nondaga age ___ _--__--_--_ __---_,------------- ------------------- 41

Oriskany age --------------------------- -- - -_ - 41 , 43, 47

Pageau Farm ---------------------------------------------- 41,43,45,47,48,49,50

parva, Amphigenia..-.. -------------------------------------------------- 43, 48 pi. 3

Pelecypod, unidentified __ .__ -- 43, SC, pi . 3

perimele, Brachyspirifer-.------.----------------------------- --------- 43, .5 pi. 2

Spirifer. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 48

Platyorthis------ ------------------------------------------------------------- 47

circularis ----- ------------------------------------------------------------- 46, 47

Platystrophia-- --------------------------------------------------------------- 43

primaevus atlanticus, Spirifer-------------------------------------------------- 48

Prjonothyris- --------------------------------------------------------------- 49

sp__- - -- -- ------- ---- - --- - 43, .ff pi. 3

Protoleptostrophia.------------ ------------------------------------------------ 48

WainP.«e»- ---------------------------------------------------------- 43,46. pi. 2

Pterinea radialis. ------------------------------------------------------------- 50

Pterineoid pelecypod, unidentified --- ----- - - -- 43, SC, pi. 3

radialis, Pterin ea ------- 50

reticularis, Atrypa..-- --------------------------------------------------- 43, .S- pi. 1

/?A ipidomella alsa .._ ._ - - - - 47

musculosa Solaris. ._. _ - - - _ - 46, 47

/?/i.pi<.omfWo.<.e«------------- ------------------------------------------------- 46, 47

musculosa Solaris...------------------------------------------------- 43, 46, pi. 1

rhomboidalis, Leptaena.. ------------------- ----------------------------- 43, $?, pi. 3

Schizophoria striatula. -- 

yp.ndrf. ---------

schlotheimi, Tentaculites ,

43,

Selected references. . -

Silurian age. _ _--__----__-_____-_-_--------------------------------------

Solaris, Rhipidomella musculosa .___ _ _- - - - 

Rhipidomelloides musculosa----.------------------- ---------------- 43, ^6

Somerset County, Maine__ ___- ____..______-------------------------_- 41,47,

Spirifer gaspensis ------------------------------------------------------------

m « rcAj'gon i . - - - - - - -- 

perimele ----------------------------------------- ------------------------

primaevus atlanticus----.----- ---------------------------------------------

sp. indet------------------------------------------------------------------

Stratigraphy of the Littleton formation on Dalton Mountain. _ __ _ ____________

striatula, Schisophoria.,- -----------------------------------------------------

Strophomena blainvillei-- ------------------------------------------------------

Summary. _ -------------------------------------------------------------------

Systematic paleontology ----------------------------------------------------

47

46,47

50

49 

, pi. 3

50 

45

46, 47

, pi. 1

48,49

48

48

48

T.n.ac«./feg ----- 

schloth eimi---- - 

sp_ --------

teitilis, Actinopteria

Tip Top Hill-.----

Tomhegan

_ 45

- 47

- 48

- 50

- 46-50

50

- 50

0, pi. 3 

50

. .__------------ - ------------------------------------ 47

vicinus deflectus, CAone-eg-_- - --- ------ -- 49

Whitefleld quadrangle. -__--____--_------_-------------------- 41,43,44,45,47,49,50

51

PLATES 1-3
PLATE 1

FIGURE 1. Unidentified orthoid brachiopod (p. 47).

Impression of the interior; probably of a brachial valve (X 2). This specimen is too fragmentary to be assigned 

generically with any degree of assurance. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 

8679 B. 

2-14. Rhipidomdloides musculosa (Hall, 1857) Solaris (Clarke) (p. 46).

2. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 1). Note the flabellate diductor impressions, and the paired 

adductor impressions located toward the posterior of the specimen. A median septum divides the muscle 

field. Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 125526.

3. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (XI). Note the nature of the muscle field and the impression 

of the crenulations on the anterior margin. Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 

125518 A.

4. Impression of the exterior of a pedicle valve (XI). Note the origin of the costellae largely by bifurcation. 

Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 125519.

5. Impression of the interior of a brachial valve (X 1). Note the quadrilobate impressions of the adductor 

muscles. Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 125503.

6. Impression of the interior of a brachial valve (XI). Note the disposition of the cardinal process, brachiophores and median septum impressions. Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 

125528.

7. Partially exfoliated brachial valve (X 2). Note the crenulations along the anterior margin and the impression of the broad median septum. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8677. 

PI. 1, fig- 8 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

8. Anterior three-quarters of impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Note the median septum and the 

crenulation of the anterior margin. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8675. 

PL 1, fig. 5 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

9. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 1). Note the flabellate impression of the mmcle field and 

the elongation due to deformation. Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ 8667. 

PI. 1, fig. 3 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

10. Anterior three-quarters of impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Note the crenulations on the 

anterior margin, and the impression of the pyrite porphyroblast. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the 

Littleton formation. MCZ 8676. PI. 1, fig. 7 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

11. Interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Note the dental plates and the secondary material extending anteriorly from 

them. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8666. Counterpart of fig. 12.

12. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the impression of the pedicle callist and the paired 

adductor scars. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8666, PL 1, fig. 6, of 

Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

13. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the impression of the dental lamellae. Pageau 

Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8668. PL 1, fig. 2 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

14. Impression of the exterior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the origin of the costellae largely by bifurcation.

Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8680. 

15, 16. CosteUirostra sp. (p. 47).

15. Impression of the interior of a brachial valve (X 2). Note the thin median septum. Dalton Mountain. 

Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 125686.

16. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the elliptical diductor impressions surrounding the

minute adductor impressions. Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 125513. 

17. Atrypa "reticvlaris" (Linnaeus) (p. 48).

Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (V 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littletcn formation.

MCZ 8681. 

18-20. Euryspirifer cf. E. atlanticus (Clarke) (p. 48).

18. Internal impression of a pedicle valve (X 2). The lateral portions of this specimen are missing. Pageau 

Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ S682 B. PL 1, fig. 10 of Billings and C'eaves, 1934.

19. Internal impression of a brachial valve (X 2). Note the lack of crural plates. Pageau Farm. Upper part 

of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8682 D. PL 1, fig. 11 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

20. Internal impression of a brachial valve (x 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

MCZ 8682 A. PL 1, fig. 13 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 384 PLATE 1

BRACHIOPODS FROM THE LITTLETON FORMATION
PLATE 2

FIGURE 1-4. Euryspirifer cf. E. atlanticus (Clarke) (p. 48).

1. Internal impression of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the presence of about six lateral plications. Pageau Farm. 

Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8682 C. PI. 1, fig. 12 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

2. Impression of the interior of a brachial valve (X 2). Note the absence of crural plates and the presence of 

10 lateral plicae. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8664. PI. 2, fig. 4 of 

Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

3. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

MCZ 8663. PI. 2, fig. 3 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

4. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the flabellate muscle field which bears the impress 

of the external ornamentation. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8662. PL 2, 

fig. 2 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934. 

5-7. Brachyspirifer cf. B. perimele (Clarke) (p. 48).

5. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 1). Note the nearly obsolete dental lamellae and the sharply 

demarcated outline of the muscle impressions. Dalton Mountain. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 

125510.

6. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the deeply impressed muscle field. Dalton Mountain. 

Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 125508 A.

7. Impression of the interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Note the relative width of the sulcus and first lateral 

plication as contrasted with those of Euryspirifer cf. E. atlanticus. Base of the Littleton formation. USNM 

125524 A. 

8-12. Protoleptostrophia cf. P. blainvillei (Billings) (p. 48).

8. Impression of the interior of a brachial valve (X 1). Note the cardinal process lobes, the deeply impressed 

adductor scars, the pustulose genital areas, the absence of socket plates, and the absence of a large 

chilidium. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. USNM 125520 A.

9. Partially exfoliated pedicle valve (X 1). Note the flabellate impression of the muscle field and the pustulose 

genital area. Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8671. PL 1, fig. 1 of Billings 

and Cleaves, 1934.

10. Impression of the exterior of a pedicle valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

MCZ 8671 A.

11. Impression of the exterior of a pedicle valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

USNM 125501.

12. Exterior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ 8674. PI. 1, 

fig. 4 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 334 PLATE 2

BRACHIOPODS FROM THE LITTLETON FORMATION
PLATE 3

FIGURE 1. Schuchertellaf sp. (p. 49).

Internal impression of a brachial valve (X 2). Mormon Hill. Upper part of the Littleton formation. MCZ

8670. PL 1, fig. 9 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934. 

2. Leptaena "rhomboidahs" (Wilckens) (p. 49).

Impression of the exterior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Mormon Hill. Upper part of the Littleton formation.

MCZ 8673. 

3-9. "Chonetes" cf. "C." nectus Clarke (p. 49).

3. Impression of interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of the Littleton formation. 

MCZ 8679 A.

4. Impression of exterior of a brachial valve (X 3). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 

125514 B.

5. Impression of exterior of a brachial valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

8678 C.

6. Impression of exterior of a brachial valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

8679 H. PI. 1, fig. 14 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

7. Impression of exterior of a brachial valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ 

8678 A. PI. 1, fig. 15 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

8. Impression of interior of a pedicle valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125509.

9. Impression of interior of brachial valve (X 3). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM

125514 A. 

10-13. Eodevonaria cf. E. arcuata (Hall) (p. 49).

10. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 

125515.

11. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125521.

12. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (posterior view) (X 2). Note denticulations on left part of figure. 

Mormon Hill. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ 9412.

13. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (XI). Mormon Hill. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

9412. 

14 20. Amphigenia cf. A. parva Clarke (p. 49).

14. Impression of exterior of brachial valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125517 A.

15. Impression of interior of brachial valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125523 B.

16. Impression of interior of brachial valve (X 1). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 

125506.

17. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 

125508 B.

18. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (XI). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125511.

19. Impression of interior of brachial valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125522.

20. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

8681. 

21 25. Prionothyrisf sp. (p. 49).

21. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (XI). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125504 A.

22. Impression of interior of brachial valve (XI). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125527.

23. Silicified cardinalia (X 3). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 125516.

24. Impression of interior of pedicle valve (XI). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

125512 B.

25. Impression of interior of brachial valve (X 1). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. USNM 

12550 B.

26. Brachiopod? (p. 47).

Impression of exterior of questionable brachiopod (X 2). Elevation of 2,670 feet, northern slide, on the 

east slope of Mount Clough, Moosilauke quadrangle, New Hampshire. Littleton formation. MCZ 8709.

27. Tentaculites sp. (p. 50).

Impression of interior (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ 27097. PI. 2, fig. 6 

of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

(CONTINUED)
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 834 PLATE 3

28 31 

BRACHIOPODS AND OTHER FOSSILS FROM THE LITTLETON FORMATION
PLATE 3 Continued

FIGURE 28. Unidentified pelecypod (p. 50).

Impression of interior of right valve (X 1). Dalton Mountain. Base of Littleton formation. USNM 125502 B. 

29-31. Unidentified pterineoid pelecypods (p. 50).

29. Impression of interior of left valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ 

15058. PL 2, fig. 7 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

30. Impression of interior of left valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

15056. PI. 2, fig. 5 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

31. Impression of interior of left valve (X 2). Pageau Farm. Upper part of Littleton formation. MCZ

15057. PL 2, fig. 6 of Billings and Cleaves, 1934.

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