NUREG/CR-0381

SAND78-1456

RP

A Preliminary Report on Fire Protection

Research Program Fire Barriers and

Fire Retardant Coatings Tests

Leo J. Kiamerus

Prepared for

U. S. NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
NOTICE

This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored

by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the

United States Government nor any agency thereof, or any of

their employees, makes any warranty, expressed or Implied, or

assumes any legal liability or responsibility for any third party's

use, or the results of such use, of any information, apparatus,

product or process disclosed in this report, or represents that

its use by such third party would not infringe privately owned

rights.

The views expressed in this report are not necessarily those of

the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.

Available from

National Technical Information Service

Springfield, VA 22161
UNITED STATES

NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION

WASHINGTON. D. C. 20555

November 21, 1978

To Recipients of Report: "A Preliminary Report on Fire Protection

Research Program Fire Barriers and Fire Retardant Coatings Tests,"

NUREG/CR-0381 (SAND 78-1456)

The enclosed report describes the results of a series of tests on fire

retardant coatings. These tests provide a basis for measuring the

effectiveness of coatings in preventing initiation or propagation of

fires and show good reproducibility over a range of scales.

In practice, however, the prospective user of fire retardant coatings

will also need to consider other factors, such as thickness, ampacity,

durability (including aging) asbestos content, ease of application and

cost. Thus, the enclosed report represents only. one of the inputs

needed in those selecting fire retardant coatings for use in nuclear

power plants.

Finally, the Nuclear

inappropriate to use

Regulatory Commission believes that it would be

the data herein to competitive advantage.

Sau Levine, Director

Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research

Enclosure:

As stated above

NUREG/CR-0381

SAND78-1456

RP

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON

FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH PROGRAM

FIRE BARRIERS AND FIRE RETARDANT

COATINGS TESTS

Leo J. Klamerus

Manuscript Submitted: August 1978

Date Published: September 1978

Sandia Laboratories

Albuquerque, NM 87185

operated by

Sandia Corporation

for the

U.S. Department of Energy

Prepared for

Division of Reactor Safety Research

Office of Water Reactor Safety Research

U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission

Washington, DC 20555

Under Interagency Agreement DOE 40-550-75

NRC FIN No. A1010

Further evaluation of these tests is continuing. Additional tests which may affect the conclusions contained herein are underway.

3-4

ABSTRACT

An exposure fire test at Sandia Laboratories showed that the Regulatory Guide 1. 75

separation guidelines and IEEE-383 fire retardancy standards for safety cables are not

sufficient, in themselves, to protect against such fires. Additional measures have

been required by NRC to protect essential safety systems against the effects of fires.

Two of these measures are fire barriers or fire-retardant coatings on cabling. This

report describes the second phase of a small scale and full scale testing program

which has been undertaken to assess the adequacy of coatings. In addition, full scale

tests are described using exposure fires to appraise the adequacy of some fire barriers

placed between horizontal cable trays. The preliminary results show that all coatings

and barriers offer some measure of additional protection. Their relative effectiveness

is demonstrated by quantitative information obtained in the donor and donee cable trays.

An evaluation of other protective measures will be undertaken in future studies.

5-6

CONTENTS

Page

SUMMARY 9

Introduction 11

Preparations for Testing 12

Small Scale 12

Full Scale 12

Small Scale Test Description 13

Full Scale Test Description 13

Single-Tray Tests 13

Two-Tray Tests 15

Spilled Fuel Fire Tests 17

Small Scale Test Results 19

Test Narrative 19

Heat Release Data 19

Full Scale Test Results 20

Single-Tray Tests 20

Coating G 22

Nonvented Solid Top on Ladder Tray 23

Vented Top Covers on Solid Bottom Tray 24

Summary of Single-Tray Tests 26

Two-Tray Tests with Propane Exposure Fire 28

Coating G 29

Coating B 32

Coating A 33

Coating C 34

Solid Bottom Trays 37

Coating C 37

Vented Top Covers Solid Bottom Trays 39

Nonvented Top Covers, Ladder Trays 40

Ceramic Board Barrier Between Ladder Trays 41

Summary of Two-Tray Tests with Propane Ignition 43

Two-Tray Tests with Diesel Fuel Exposure Fire 43

Coating E 43

Coating B 46

Coating G 46

Coating A 47

Coating C 48

7
CONTENTS (cont)

Page

Summary of Diesel Fuel Exposure Fires 51

Conclusions 51

References 54

APPENDIX A 55

APPENDIX B -- Temperature and Voltage Versus Time Plots for Test 22 57

(3-Conductor PE/PVC Non-qualified Cable, Single-Tray Test,

Open Ladder Tray, Ceramic Wool Blanket on Top of Tray) 57

APPENDIX C -- Temperature and Voltage Versus Time Plots for Test 44 69

(Diesel Fuel Exposure Fire, 3-Conductor PE/PVC Non-qualified

Cable, Two-Tray Test, Open Ladder Tray, Coating B)

a
SUMMARY

Previous electrically initiated fire tests of IEEE-3831 qualified cable loaded into trays

revealed a margin of safety in the spatial separation distances of Regulatory Guide 1.752 for such 3

fires. An exposure fire on July 6, 1977 at Sandia indicated that the Regulatory Guide 1.75 separation guidelines and IEEE-383 fire-retardant standards for safety cables are not sufficient in

themselves to protect against such an exposure fire. 4 Thus additional measures have been required

by NRC to protect essential safety systems against the effects of fires. Two of these additional

measures are fire barriers and fire retardant coatings applied on the cabling. Previous small

scale and full scale tests were performed to assess the adequacy of coatings. 5 The tests showed

that all coatings offer some measure of additional protection; however, there was a wide range of

relative effectiveness of the different coatings.

This report describes additional small scale and full scale test results which were obtained

for one fire-retardant coating not included in the series of tests previously reported. It also describes additional tests performed on fire-retardant coatings and fire barriers using two types of

exposure fires. One exposure fire, using propane, was used in the previous coatings tests and

described in SAND78-0518 and SAND77-1424. Well known IEEE-383 ribbon burners were used

for this fire source. The second type of exposure fire used diesel fuel and was included for comparison with propane fire.

The preliminary results show that a11 coatings and barriers offer some measure of additional

protection. The wide range in relative effectiveness of the different coatings is once again demonstrated. As in the previous work, small scale correlated well with full scale tests in the determination of relative effectiveness of the fire retardant coatings.

9-10

A PRELIMINARY REPORT ON

FIRE PROTECTION RESEARCH PROGRAM

FIRE BARRIERS AND FIRE RETARDANT

COATINGS TESTS

Introduction

Tests In the first phase of the Fire Protection Research Project evaluated the adequacy of

cable tray spacing as designated in Regulatory Guide 1. 75, Physical Independence of Electrical

Systems Section 5.14, "General Plant Areas." This section of the guide concerns separation of

protective systems In areas of the plant where power cables are included and no source of fuel

exists except as provided by the cable materials. Specifically, the first phase tests examined

protective systems In large open areas of the plant.

In the second phase tests, the separation distance between cable trays was varied. The

third phase tests involved stacked trays and conduits. Fourteen closely stacked trays, representing

one division of cables, and three trays, representing the second division, were displaced by separation distances specified RG 1. 75. Fires were electrically initiated in all of these tests.

The phase four test employed the same stacked tray arrangement as the third but was Initiated

by an exposure fire, a fully developed fire in a single electrical cable tray. A series of 12 singletray tests ignited by exposure to propane burner flames was performed earlier to optimize cable

fill and Ignition time for this type of fire. A barrier was placed over the donor tray to shield the

upper trays until after the propane burners were turned off. Then the barrier was removed to

allow the single-tray fire, with only the cable as fuel, to act as a propagation source. The fire

spread not only through the closely stacked trays of one division, but also ignited the cables in a

redundant safety division.

After the results of the exposure fire tests were analyzed, other fire-protection measures

which might prevent propagation were Investigated. Fire-retardant coatings were the first of these

measures to be investigated experimentally and was the subject of SAND78-0518. The Water

Reactor Safety Research Directorate of the NRC had provided the list of fire-retardant coatings

being approved by Factory Mutual as of June 1977. One additional coating, which gained approval

in July 1977, was "small cable"t tested and funl scale tested in Sandia's fire test facility. The

results of these tests are reported here. Additionally, information was sought on the adequacy of

fire-retardant coatings as applied to non-IEEE-383 qualified cables. Certain fire barriers used to

prevent fire propagation between horizontal cable trays were included in the full scale testing.

Finally, in answer to questions concerning the comparison of the propane-fueled exposure fires to

a realistic fire which could possibly occur in a nuclear power plant, each fire-retardant coating

was tested in a two tray stacked configuration over a hydrocarbon fuel fire.

11
These and previous tests were aimed at determining some measure of combustibility and

propagation but did not include characteristics which may be of equal or greater importance to the

user industry in choosing a method of assuring fire safety. Some of these considerations include

the impact of ampacity derating, durability when exposed to hostile environments, and asbestos

content.

Preparations for Testing

Small Scale

In the small scale tests performed at Smithers Scientific Services, Akron, Ohio, Coating G

was applied to two types of electrical cable, supplied by two manufacturers (I and II). The cables

were the same types used in the electrically initiated fire tests and exposure fire tests at Sandia.

These were: (1) a three-conductor No. 12 AWG, 30 mil (0. 76 mm) crosslinked PE, silicon glass

tape, 65 mil (1.65 mm) crosslinked PE jacket, 600 V (Supplier I) and, (2) a single-conductor No.

12 AWG, 30 roil (0.76 mm) crosslinked PE, no jacket. 600 V (Supplier IM). The cables were cut

into 6-inch pieces and placed in wood forms lined with plastic, (a 6 inch (15.2 cm) x 6 inch sample

size). The coatings were then troweled to the manufacturer's specified wet thickness and allowed

to cure at least 30 days. Each sample was mounted in the holding fixture fronted by 1-inch (2. 54-

cm) wire mesh and backed by one layer of aluminum foil and cement board.

Coating G was applied at a wet thickness of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm). The coating was easily

applied and dried very hard and flat on both the large and small cables. There was no cracking

in the coating after curing.

Full Scale

In the full scale tests performed at Sandia Laboratories, Albuquerque, coatings A, B, C, E,

and G were applied to the cables previously described. The cables were loaded into galvanized

steel, open-laddei trays, 18 inches (45.7 cm) wide and 12 feet (3.7 m) long. Although the trays

were filled to approximately the tops of the 4-inch siderails of the cable trays; the loading technique

allowed maximum air passage through the cables. The cables formed a figure 8 with the crossing

point advancing progressively up and down the tray. This resulted in a 25% fill by cross-sectional

area for three-conductor cables and a 15% fill by cross-sectional area for the single-conductor.

(Ninety three-conductor cables per tray and 450 single-conductor 6ables per tray). Non-IEEE-383

qualified cable to be included in the testing was loaded into additional cable trays. The type of

cable used was three-conductor, 20/10 Poly-PVC, polyethylene insulation, 45 mil (1.14 mm) PVC

jacket. The number of cables per tray and percent filled by cross-section were the same as the

qualified three-conductor cables previously described.

At the Sandia fire site, coatings A, B, C, E, and G were sprayed onto the loaded cable trays

by their respective manufacturers. The nominal wet thickness applied to the tops and bottoms of

12
the loaded cable trays was to the manufacturerst specifications. At least six top and six bottom

measurements of each cable tray were made by Sandia personnel in the area of the fire zone to

determine this wet thickness. Wet thicknesses applied were: Coatings A, B, C, and G -- 1/8 inch

(3.22 mm); Coating E -- 5/32 inch (4.0 mm).

Small Scale Test Description

The Ohio State University Release Rate Apparatus at Smithers Scientific tested the two types

of IEEE-383 qualified cables, previously described. These were covered with fire-retardant

coating G and tested to varying levels of radiant heat flux to determine the ignition time and smoke

and heat release rates. The apparatus uses a flow system in which a known and constant rate of

air enters an environment chamber. Rate of heat release is monitored by changes in temperature

of air leaving the chamber. Rate of smoke release is monitored by optical density of gas leaving

the chamber. The sample is placed into the environmental chamber and a small pilot flame Is

placed to impinge on the center of the lower edge of the vertically placed sample. A radiant panel

provides a heat flux exposure to the sample. The test conditions provided air flow of 84 ft 3/mn

(0.04 m3 Is) with tests at room temperature and at radiant heat flux levels of 1. 0 W/cm2

2 2 2 2.0W/cm , 3.0W/cm , and 4.0 W/cm

Full Scale Test Description

Single-Tray Tests

The test described here was designed to reproduce the ignition tray conditions of the full

scale stacked-tray test of July 6, 1977 as reported in A Preliminary Report on Fire Protection

Research Program, SAND77-1424. An important difference, of course, is that only the ignition

tray itself was used in this phase.

The test procedure and set-up were essentially identical to those used in the July 6 fire test.

An insulated barrier was placed 9.5 inches (24.1 cm) over the ignition tray. The twin burner

assembly was centered beneath the tray so that rungs of the cable tray were not directly over

either burner. The distance between the top of each burner and the bottom of the cable was 4.75

inches (12.1 cm) (see Figure 1). Thermocouple and calorimeter placement was made as shown

in Figure 2. Note that cable thermocouples were in place before spraying of coatings began.

For each burn cycle, propane and air were turned on for five minutes. Previous tests had

shown five minute periods as optimum for creating the largest donor fire in a cable tray loaded

with IEEE-383 qualified cable, provided an open or random cable fill pattern was maintained. If

a fully developed cable tray fire was not achieved after applying this ignition source for five minutes,

additional five-minUte ignition cycles were repeated, at five-minute intervals, to a maximum of

six cycles.

13
Figure 1. Typical Full Scale Single-Tray Fire Retardant

Coating Test Setup

THERMOCOUPLE PLACEMENT

EAS I I

6, I TOP VIEW

#50 '' OF CABLE TRAY

J, Li I LJ,

8.. 14. *9 & #10UNDER BARRIER

#0B *#1 # 0 & f I IN BURNER FLAME fl fl 4 2& #4 IN MIDDLE OF CABLE

BUNDLE OVER BURNERS

BURFNER BURNER # 3 IN TOP LAYER OF CABLES

EAST WEST UNDER COATING (IF PRESERT)

CALORIMEIER PLACEMENT

3" x Y/16"

BARRIER NORTH*

f 14

8" 9.5" ,]3 # 12•

3.15"

CABLE TRAY

Figure 2. Thermocouple and Calorimeter Placement

for Single-Tray Tests

14
Ten single tray tests were conducted consisting of the following:

Two ladder cable trays with IEEE-383 qualified cable (one with single-conductor, one

with the three-conductor), each with Coating G applied

Three solid bottom cable trays with no cover (one with single-conductor IEEE-383

qualified, one with three-conductor IEEE-383 qualified, one with three-conductor

non-qualified PE/PVC), no coatings

Three solid bottom cable trays with vented cover (one with single-conductor IEEE-383

qualified, one with three-conductor IEEE-383 qualified, one with three-conductor

non-qualified PE/PVC), no coatings

One ladder cable tray with ceramic wool 1-inch blanket over three-conductor nonqualified PE/PVC, no coating

One ladder tray with an unvented solid tray cover over three-conductor non-qualified

PE/PVC, no coating.

Electrical resistance measurements of the cable and cable-to-ground were made before and

after each test. Current measurements were made before and after each test and recorded

throughout each test.

Figure 3 shows the fire site facility. Each test began with the rear-vent fan off and one

front door 6-ft x 3-ft (1.8-m x 0.9-m) open. A 4-ft x 8-ft (1.2-m x 2.4-m) sheet was placed

between the door and the test setup to act as an air baffle. The building was free of all smoke

before each test began. During the test the building exhaust fan was turned on only when and If

the smoke accumulation prevented observation of a possible developing fire on the video system

employed for that purpose. When turned on, the exhaust system allowed approximately three

building-volume changes of air per hour.

Two-Tray Tests

To test for fire propagation between two trays a second series of tests was conducted. In

these tests, the physical arrangement of the lowest two trays In the July 6 fire test was used.

The trays were placed horizontally with one tray 10. 5 inches (26.7 cm) above the other (see

Figure 4). In tests where IEEE-383 qualified cable was used, the bottom tray was loaded with

three-conductor cable and the top tray with single-conductor cable. In tests which used nonqualified PE/PVC the same three-conductor cable was used In both trays. An Insulated barrier

was placed 9. 5 inches (24.1 cm) over each tray. The barrier over the bottom tray was movable

and could be quickly slid from between the cable trays when It was determined that a fire had

developed in the bottom tray. thermocouples and calorimeters were placed as shown in Figure 2

for each tray. Theirmocouples In the cable bundle were In place before application of fire-retardant

coatings or cable tray covers.

15
FSONI

go#

Figure 3. Cable Tray Fire Site

Figure 4. Typical Full Scale Two-Tray Test Setup

1i
The test procedure and set-up were essentially identical to those used in the July 6 test.

The same five-minute burn cycles used in the single-tray tests were repeated in these two-tray

tests up to a maximum of six Ignition cycles. Electrical resistance and current measurements

of.the cable were made as in the single-tray tests. Building air movement was also handled as

in the single-tray tests.

Eleven two-tray tests were conducted consisting of the following:

Four tests with two coated (Coatings A, B, C, and G) cable trays with non-383 qualified

PE/PVC cable, three-conductor

Two tests with two coated (Coatings C and G) cable trays with IEEE-383 qualified cable

(bottom tray with three-conductor; top tray with single-conductor)

Five tests with two uncoated cable trays with non-383 qualified PE/PVC, three-conductor

(one with ceramic wool blanket over open ladder trays, one with solid bottom trays and

no cover, one with solid tray covers and no venting, one with solid bottom trays and

vented cover, one with a one inch solid fire barrier placed between open ladder trays).

Spilled Fuel Fire Tests

A third series of tests was conducted to test for the effect upon two coated cable trays

exposed to a spilled hydrocarbon fuel fire. In these tests the same arrangement of cable trays

was used as in the previous two-tray tests. A major difference was that no barrier was placed

between the two trays so that both trays might be exposed to the fuel fire. Instead of the two

propane-fueled IEEE-383 ribbon burners, a pan 3 feet (91.4 eax) x 1.5 feet (45.7 cm) was placed

at the same height (4.75 inches - 12.1 cm) below the bottom cable tray. Before each test, two

gallons (7.6 x 10-3 m3 ) of Diesel fuel f2 was put into the pan and ignited with the aid of approximately 5 ounces (1.5 x 104 mi3 ) of mineral spirits.

Five two-tray diesel fuel fire tests were conducted with two coated (coatings A, B, C, E,

and G) cable trays with non-383 qualified three-conductor PE/PVC cable.

Table I shows a matrix of all tests previously completed and reported in SAND78-0518.

This is repeated here for reference.

Table 11 shows a matrix of coatings tests and Table III shows a matrix of barrier tests

completed in this segment of the program and reported here.

17
TABLE I

Test Matrix of Coatings Tests

12/77 - 1/78

Single Tray Tests Small Scale Test

383 Qualified Cable Non-383 Two Tray Tests 383 Qualified Cable

Single Three Three 383 Qualified Single Three

Coating Conductor Conductor Conductor Cable Non- 383 Conductor Conductor

None X X X X X X X

A X X X X X

B X X X

C X X X X X

D X X X X X

E X X X X X X

F X X

TABLE II

Test Matrix of Coatings Tests

4/78 - 5/78 - 6/78

Single Tray Tests Small Scale Test

383 Qualified Cable Non-383 Two Tray Tests Oil-Pan 383 Qualified Cable

Single Three Three 383 Qualified Fire Single Three

Coating Conductor Conductor Conductor Cable Non-383 Non-383 Conductor Conductor

A X X

B X X

C X X X

E X

G X X X X X X X

18
TABLE III

Test Matrix of Barrier Tests

4/78 - 5/78 - 6/78

Single Tray Tests

383 Qualified Cable Non-383

Barrier Single Three Three Two Tray Tests

Type Conductor Conductor Conductor 383 Qualified Cable Non-383

Ceramic wool

blanket over X X

ladder tray

Solid bottom

tray no cover X X X X

Solid cover

no vents X X

ladder tray

Vented cover

solid bottom X X X X

One inch fire

barrier X

between trays

Small Scale Test Results

Test Narrative

Coating G -- At room temperature tests and 1. 0 W/cm2 radiant heat flux tests, there was

limited ignition of the coating but only at the area of pilot impingement. There was no sustained

2 burning of the coating or cable. When tested at the radiant heat flux levels of 2.0 W/cm 2 3.0

2 2 W/cm , and 4.0 W/ncm2 the coating flashed intermittently. There was no further ignition until

the cables began to burn.

Heat Release Data

Appended Tables A-I and A-I1 show the heat release data for the radiant heat flux level of

2 4.0 W/cm2. Table IV summarizes the rcsults of these tests together with the results of the small

scale tests reported in SAN IY78-0518. As previously described, the 4.0 W/cm2 radiant heat flux

level shows the largest discrimination between results.

19
TABLE IV

o Results of Small Scale Coatings Tests 2 at 4 W/cm2

Time To

Ignition

Coating Minutes

A 8

C 8

D 14

E 24

F 5

G 12.5

No Coating 383 Cable 0.8

Time To

Maximum

Heat Release

Minutes

16

17

28

34

12

22

6

Cumulative

Heat

Release at 10 Minutes

MJ/m 2

14.6

28.6

4.1

16.2

23.5

21.5

45.7

Cumulative

Heat

Release at 15 Minutes

MJIm

2

39.1

43.7

8.1

22. 5

60.4

37.5

78.0

Full Scale Test Results

Single-Tray Tests

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray ceramic wool cover

After one ignition cycle a fire developed on the bottom of the tray and flames approximately

6 to 8 inches (15 to 20 cm) high were observed around both edges of the tray.

After six ignition cycles the fire had not penetrated the ceramic wool cover.

The affected area on the bottom of the tray was approxlmate4 120 inches (3.05 m) long and

18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss was 23. 5 Tb (10. 7 kg).

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5. 26 ohms

.25 ohms

.36 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, solid bottom tray

During the second ignition cycle, a fire started at one edge of the tray, apparently as a

result of the ignition of flammable gases being given off by the heated cable.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 40 minutes before self-extinguishing. The

affected area was approximately 72 inches (182.88 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide. Weight

loss was 16 lbs (7.3 kg). See Figure 5.

20
Figure 5. Nonqualifled (PE/PVC) three conductor cable

solid bottom tray after test 23

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.04 ohms

. 34 ohms

.15 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

2 ohms

260 ohms

IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable, solid bottom tray

No fire developed after six cycles of ignition source.

There was no apparent damage to cables and no measurable weight loss.

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5. 24 ohms

6 ohms

5.18 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable, solid bottom tray

No fire developed after six cycles of ignition source.

21
There was no apparent damage to cables.

Weight loss was measured as 1/4 pound (0. 1 kg).

See Figure 6. Note cable placement for maximum air passage.

Figure 6. IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable solid

bottom tray after test 25

Cable Circuit-toResistance Ground Resistance

Pretest 9.75 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (warm) 11. 26 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (cold) 9.65 ohms >20 m ohms

Coating G

IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable, ladder tray

After two Ignition cycles a small fire developed In the tray. The fire self-extinguished

after approximately two minutes.

A seemingly large fire was observed after the fourth cycle, but it too lasted approximately

two minutes.

After the sixth cycle a small fire appeared intermittently for approximately ten minutes.

22
The affected area was approximately 44 inches (111.76 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the bottom of the tray, and 30 inches (76.2 cm) long and 18 Inches (45.72 cm) wide on the

top side of the tray.

Weight loss was 5.5 lbs (2.5 kg).

Cable Circuit-toResistance Ground Resistance

Pretest 8.02 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (cold) 7.65 ohms >20 m ohms

Coating G

IEEE qualified three-conductor cable ladder tray

After two ignition cycles a small fire, which flickered for approximately one minute, was

observed on the bottom of the tray.

A small fire was also observed after the fourth, fifth, and sixth cycles.

The fire self-extinguished approximately four minutes after completion of the sixth cycle.

The affected area was approximately 36 Inches (91.44 cm) long and 18 Inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the bottom, and 30 inches (76. 2 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide on the top of the

tray.

Weight loss was 4.75 lbs (2.2 kg).

Cable Circult-toResistance Ground Resistance

Pretest 5.3 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (warm) 5.85 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (cold) 5. 3 ohms >20 m ohms

Nonvented Solid Top on Ladder Tray

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

After the first Ignition cycle a fire was observed which continued to burn for approximately

71 minutes.

There was a large amount of heavy smoke from the start of the test.

Flammable gases were given off which burned between the cover and the top of the tray.

23
The affected area was approximately 89 inches (226.06 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide.

Weight loss was 28.25 lbs (12.8 kg).

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.7 ohms

N/A

.33 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

N/A

.4 ohms

Vented Top Covers on Solid Bottom Tray

IEEE-383 Qualified three-conductor cable

After six ignition cycles no fire was observed.

Upon removel of the covers an oily black coating was noted on the underside of the covers and some of the insulation on the cables had melted slightly.

Affected area of insulation damage was approximately 24 inches (60.96 cm) long and 18 inches

(45.72 cm) wide. The bottom of the tray had a blackened area approximately 72 inches (182.88 cm)

long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss was 1 lb (0. 5 kg). See Figure 7.

r-7-

-~ I

Figure 7. IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable with a vented

top cover removed from a solid bottom tray after test 37

24
Cable Circuit-toResistance Ground Resistance

Pretest 5.25 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (warm) N/A N/A

Posttest (cold) 7.77 ohms >20 m ohms

Vented top covers solid bottom tray

IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable

After six ignition cycles no fire was observed.

Upon removal of the covers it was noted that the cables in the center of the tray were stuck

together due to insulation damage.

The bottom of the tray was blackened over an area approximately 72 inches (182. 88 cm)

long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss was 0.3 lb (0.1 kg).

Cable Circuit-toResistance Ground Resistance

Pretest 6.43 ohms >20 m ohms

Posttest (warm) 7.6 ohms 182 k ohms

Posttest (cold) 6.35 ohms 4 m ohms

Vented top covers on solid bottom tray

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

A fire was observed after the second ignition cycle which continued to burn for approximately

61 minutes before self-extinguishing.

After the test it was noted that the covers were warped due to the heat.

The affected area was approximately 108 inches (274.32 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide.

Weight loss was 19.75 lbs (9.0 kg).

See Figure 8.

25
Figure 8. Nonquallfied (PE/PVC) three conductor cable with a vented

top cover removed from a solid bottom tray after test 39

Cable

Resistance

5. 07 ohms

.48 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

2.05 ohms

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Summary of Single-Tray Tests

Appended Figures B-1 through B-11 are temperature and voltage plots for one single-tray

test. They are included to provide comparative data among these tests, the two-tray tests, and

as the small scale tests. Plots such as these were obtained on all single-tray tests performed

but are too bulky for inclusion in this report. Table V is included as a summary of important

parameters obtained during these tests.

26
TABLE V

Results of Full Scale Single-Tray Tests

Max. Max. Max. Length Length

Cable Calori- Barrier Time To Time to 900°F Time To of Affected Wt.

Coating, Barrier, Temp. meter Temp. Temp. Electrical In Cables Ignition Burn Area Loss

Test Cable, etc. (*F) (*F) (*F) Short (min) (min) (min) (min) (in.) (Ibs)

22 Ladder

ceramic wool

PVC

no coating

23 Solid bottom

PVC no top

no coating

24 Solid bottom

no top

383 3-cond

no coating

25 Solid bottom

no top

383 1-cond

no coating

26 Ladder

383 1-cond

coating G

27 Ladder

383 3-cond

coating G

36 Solid cover

ladder

no coating

PVC

37 Solid bottom

vented top

383 qual.

3-cond

no coating

38 Solid bottom

vented top

383 qual.

single-cond

no coating

39 Solid bottom

vented top

PVC

no coating

1200

1400

500 800 11

1600 1400 4 18

60

5 72 120 23.90

10 40 72 16

60 0 0 0

60 0 0 0

400 295 340 60

350 320 350 60 60

1330 900 600 40

525 460 600 60

30

60

27

60 0 30 5.5 5

1050 390 550 3

30 4 30 4.75

5 71 89 28.25

60 0 24 1

60 0 24 0

440 385 340 60 60

590 410 360 60 60

1000 975 925 5 27 10 60.2 108 19.75

27
Two-Tray Tests with Propane Exposure Fire

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray, ceramic wool cover on top of both

trays

During the second ignition cycle, a fire of sufficient size to warrant removal of the barrier

between the upper and lower trays was observed and the barrier pulled.

The fire burned for approximately 45 minutes but did not propagate to the upper tray.

The affected area of the lower tray was approximately 108 inches (2. 74 m) long and 18 inches

(45.72) wide.

Weight loss of the lower tray was 12.5 lbs (5.7 kg).

See Figure 9.

Figure 9. Nonquallfied (PE/PVC) three conductor cable in a laddar tray (lower tray) showing ceramic wool cover after test 28.

28
Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (wi

Posttest (co

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (wl

Posttest (cc

arm)

ld)

Cable

Resistance

4.43 ohms

.27 ohms

.35 ohms

4.72 ohms

4.96 ohms

4.72 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

.9 ohms

.26 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

arm)

Mld)

Coating G

IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable In top tray; IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable

in bottom tray

After the third ignition cycle a fire was observed and the barrier separating the upper and

lower trays was removed. The fire continued to burn for approximately 14 minutes before selfextinguishing.

The fire did not propagate to the top tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 36 inches (91.44 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide on the bottom of the tray, and 24 inches (60.96 cm) long and 18 inches

(45.72 cm) wide on the top of the tray.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 4 lbs (1.8 kg).

See Figures 10, 11. 12, and 13.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.94 ohms

5. 11 ohms

9.45 ohms

9.7 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

29
Figure 10. IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable with

coating G. Bottom view of tray after test 29

m

--

Figure 11. IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable with

coating G. Top view of bottom tray after test 29

30
Figure 12. IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable with

coating G. Bottom view of top tray after test 29

Figure 13. IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable with

coating G. Top view of top tray after test 29

31
Coating G

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

After the second ignition cycle a fire was observed and the barrier separating the top and

bottom trays was removed.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 15 minutes before self-extinguishing.

The fire did not propagate to the top tray.

The affected area of the lower tray was approximately 36 inches (91. 44 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide on the bottom, and 24 inches (60. 96 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the top. The upper tray had a blackened area approximately 30 inches (76.2 cm) long

and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 3.25 lbs (1. 5 kg).

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.53 ohms

.70 ohms

.69 ohms

5. 11 ohms

5.45 ohms

5.25 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

.74 ohms

.54 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

Coating B

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

After the second Ignition cycle a small fire was observed which self-extinguished approximately 2 minutes later.

After the third cycle a fire was observed and the barrier separating the top and bottom trays

was removed.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 8 minutes but did not propagate to the top tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 36 Inches (91.33 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide on the lower side and 24 inches (60. 96) long and 18 Inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the upper side. The top tray was blackened In an area approximately 24 inches (60.96 cm)

long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.
Weight loss of the lower tray was 5 lbs (2.3 kg).

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.24 ohms

1 ohm

4.75 ohms

4.78 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

135 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

Coating A

Nonqualified (PEI PVC) three-conductor cable ladder tray

After the second ignition cycle a small fire was observed which flickered until the second

cycle. After the second cycle the barrier separating the top and bottom trays was removed and

the fire continued to burn for approximately 26 minutes before self-extinguishing.

The fire did not propagate to the top tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 36 inches (91.44 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 30 inches (76.2 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the upper side. The top tray was blackened In an area approximately 72 inches (182.88

cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss of bottom tray was 7.5 lbs.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Poattest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4. 87 ohms

.88 ohms

1.08 ohms

5.93 ohms

6.36 ohms

6.15 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

167 ohms

165 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

33
Coating C

Nonqualified (PEIPVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

Early into the first ignition cycle the cable and coating began to produce heavy smoke. After

the third cycle a fire was observed and the barrier separating the top and bottom trays was

removed.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 30 minutes, during which the fire propagated

to the top tray. The top tray burned for approximately 67 minutes.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 60 inches (152.4 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide. The affected area of the top tray was approximately 84 inches (213.36

cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 38.75 lbs (17.6 kg).

Weight loss of the top tray was 57 lbs (25.9 kg).

See Figures 14, 15, 16, 17, and 18.

Figure 14. Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable with

coating C. Bottom view of tray before test 33.

34
Figure 15. Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

with coating C. Top view of tray before test 33

Figure 16. During Test 33 with propane burner

off and barrier removed.

35
Figure 17. During Test 33 after second tray

Ignites and is fully developed

MIT . , 4ý ',- , - - 4

Figure 18. After Test 33

36
Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.54 ohms

.75 ohms

N/A

5.42 ohms

.38 ohms

N/A

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

. 2 ohms

N/A

>20 m ohms

.65 ohms

N/A

Solid Bottom Trays

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

During the third ignition cycle, a small fire was observed which burned approximately four

minutes before self-extinguishing.

Subsequent ignition cycles failed to produce a fire and the test was terminated at the end of

six cycles with no fire.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 43 inches (109.22 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 1. 5 lbs (0.7 kg).

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.82 ohms

. 71 ohms

.71 ohms

4.96 ohms

5.18 ohms

4.94 ohms

Circuit-to-

* Ground Resistance

>20 m ohms

8.00 m ohms

6.20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

Coating C

IEEE-383 qualified three-conductor cable In bottom tray

IEEE-383 qualified single-conductor cable in top tray (ladder trays)

After the first ignition cycle a small fire was observed on the bottom tray. The fire selfextinguished after approximately three minutes.

37
After the second cycle the fire was larger and the barrier separating the upper and lower

trays was removed.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 47 minutes before self-extinguishing, but did

not propagate to the second tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 48 inches (121. 92 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 53 inches (134.62 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide on the upper side.

The upper tray had an affected area approximately 54 inches (137.16 cm) long and 18 inches

(45.72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 48 inches (121.92 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide

on the upper side.

Analysis of infrared thermovision data showed a maximum flame temperature of 825*C was

reached just as the barrier was pulled.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 28.5 lbs (12.9 kg).

Weight loss of the top tray was 23.5 lbs (10.6 kg).

See Figure 19.

50.

Figure 19. After Test 35

38
Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.17 ohms

1.98 ohms

9.74 ohms

8.81 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

6.2 k ohms

>20 m ohms

1.50 ohms

Vented Top Covers Solid Bottom Trays

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

After the second ignition cycle a fire was observed in the lower tray and the barrier separating

the upper and lower trays was removed.

The fire continued to burn for approximately 55 minutes, but did not propagate to the top

tray.

Upon removal of the covers it was noted that the cables in the upper tray were stuck to the

tray bottom due to insulation melting.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 66 Inches (167.64 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide. The top tray was blackened on the lower side over Its entire surface.

Weight loss of the lower tray was 12. 5 lbs (5. 7 kg).

See Figure 20.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.3 ohms

.4 ohms

5.36 ohms

2.00 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

14 m ohms

1. 7 ohms

5.7 m ohms

.89 ohms

39
Figure 20. During Test 40

Nonvented Top Covers, L;Ldder Trays

Nonqualifled (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

After the second ignition cycle a fire was observed and the barrier separating the top and

bottom trays was removed, &

The fire continued to burn for approximately 68 minutes before self-extinguishing, but did

not propagate to the top tray.

There was a great deal of heavy smoke early in the test.

The affected area of the lower tray was approximately 120 inches (304. 8 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss was 17.75 lbs (8.1 kg).

40
Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.63 ohms

.35 ohms

5.06 ohms

5.05 ohms

Circult-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

.35 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

Ceramic Board Barrier Between Ladder Trays

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable

After the first Ignition cycle a fire was observed in the bottom tray which continued to burn

for approximately 42 minutes before self-extinguishing.

The fire did not propagate to the top tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 120 inches (304.8 cm) long and 18

inches (45.72 cm) wide. The cables in the top tray appeared to have been damaged by the fire on

one end where the ceramic board barrier did not extend far enough to protect the complete 12 foot

(3.6 m) length of tray. The 1-inch (2.54 cm) thick ceramic board was 8 feet (2.4 m) long and

extended 6 inches (15.2 cm) beyond the tray on each side.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 37. 5 Ibs (17.0 kg).

See Figures 21 and 22.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

5.23 ohms

.27 ohms

.28 ohms

4.72 ohms

1.53 ohms

1.69 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

>20 m ohms

.03 ohms

.28 ohms

>20 m ohms

>20 m ohms

8 k ohms

41
Figure 21. During Test 42

Figure 22. After Test 42

42
Summary of Two-Tray Tests with Propane Ignition

Temperature and voltage plots of each tray were obtained during the two-tray tests in the

same manner as described for the single-tray tests. Data extracted from such plots for each

test provided comparisons between the previous single-tray tests and other two-tray tests. Rather

than include all plots for each test, Table VI summarizes important parameters obtained during

these tests.

Two-Tray Tests with Diesel Fuel Exposure Fire

Coating E

Nonquafied. (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

The ignition source for this test was a diesel fuel fire which burned for approximately 13

minutes before self-extinguishing.

During the ignition cycle a small fire was observed in the top tray, but extinguished at approximately the same time as the oil pan fire.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 84 inches (213.36 cm) long and

18 inches (45. 72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 36 inches (91.44 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72

cm) wide on the upper side. The top tray had an affected area approximately 84 inches (213.36

cm) long and 18 Inches (45.72 cm) wide. The bottom tray showed no apparent cable damage, but

the top tray had a damaged spot near the center apparently caused by faulty coverage of the

coating in that area.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 6.25 lbs (2.8 kg).

Weight loss of the top tray was 4.25 Tbs (1.9 kg).

See Figures 23 and 24.

Cable Circuit-toResistance Ground Resistance

Bottom tray:

Pretest 4.72 ohms 1.61 m ohms

Posttest (warm) 1.04 ohms 1. 04 m ohms

Posttest (cold) .96 ohms .5 m ohms

Top tray:

Pretest 5.45 ohms .35 m ohms

Posttest (warm) 1. 67 ohms 28.76 ohms

Posttest (cold) 1.61 ohms .25 k ohms

43
TABEI VI

Results of Full Scale Two-Tray Tests

Max. 'Max. Max. Time to Length Length

Cable Calorimeter Barrier Electrical Time to 900"F Time to of Affected Wt.

Coatings. Barriers Temp. Temp. Temp. Short In Cables ignition Burn Area Loss

Test Cable. etc. (F) (F) (F) (min) (min) (min) (min) (in.) (lbs) Propagation

Top

28 Ladder

ceramic wool PVC

no coating

29 Ladder

383 cable

single-cond

coating G

30 Ladder

PVC coating G

31 Ladder

PVC coating B

32 Ladder

PVC coating A

33 Ladder

PVC coating C

34 Solid bottom tray

no coating

PVC cable

35 Coating C

383 cable

single-cond

ladder tray

40 Solid bottom

vented top

PVC

no coating

41 Solid fop

open ladder

PVC

no coating

42 1-inch solid barrier

between open ladder

trays PVC

no coating

28 Same as top

29 Three-cond 383

rest same as top

30 Same as top

31 Same as top

32 Same as top

33 Same as top

34 Same as top

35 3-cond

383 qual.

same as top for rest

40 Same as top

41 Same as top

42 Same as top

100 98 116 60

160 133 170 60

60 60 0 0

60 60 0 0

No

No

255

156

243

93

270 60

135 60

60

60

60

60

0

0

No

No

167 174 208 60 No

1580 1460 1475 28

91 127 128 60

60 60

37 12" 67

60 60 0

84 57 Yen

No

1050 320 430 25

265 170 190 45

250 87 94 60

51 60

60 60

60 60

23.5 No

0 No

0 No

265 560 1 4 c 60 60 0 0 0 No

900

545

640

870

1260

1580

650

1600

1300

1500

1350

330

1100

1050

925

1200

1400

480

1525

780

305

Bottom

500 2

1320 30

750 6.6

1275 14

1440 6

1500 6

430 8

1500 15

13

60

60

60

13

21

60

15 45

15 14

10 15

15 8

10 26

15 30

20 4

10 47

10 55

10 67.5

5 42

108 12.5

24 4

24 3. 25

24 5.0

30 7.5

60 38.8

43 1.5

53 28.5

66 12.5

120 17.75

120 37.5

430

340

400

5 16

5 4

'Short occurred beyond end of 8 ft. barrier as fire progressed beyond that point in bottom tray.

-After removal of barrier.

44
Figure 23. Bottom of Lower Tray After Test 43

Figure 24. Top of Lower Tray After Test 43

45
Coating B

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

The ignition source for this test was a diesel fuel fire which burned for approximately

12 minutes before self-extinguishing.

At the end of the ignition cycle the bottom tray was burning. The fire continued to burn for

approximately 30 minutes before self-extinguishing, but did not propagate to the top tray.

After the test it was noted that the upper side of the top tray had molten PVC bubbling from

cracks in the coating.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 80 inches (203.2 cm) long and

18 inches (45.72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 66 inches (167.64 cm) long and 18 inches

(45. 72 cm) wide on the upper side. The top tray had approximately the same affected area.

Weight loss of the bottom tray was 20.25 lbs (9.2 kg).

Weight loss of the top tray was 10. 50 lbs (4.8 kg).

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.92 ohms

. 96 ohms

.77 ohms

5.31 ohms

1. 97 ohms

1.59 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

250 k ohms

22.3 ohms

3.3 k ohms

966 k ohms

.31 ohms

9.9 ohms

Coating G

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

The ignition source for this test was a diesel fuel fire which burned for approximately

12 minutes before self-extinguishing.

Both trays were on fire after the ignition cycle. The fire in the bottom tray burned approximately 42 minutes before self-extinguishing; the top tray burned approximately 45 minutes before

self-extinguishing.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 72 inches (182.88 cm) long and

18 inches (45.72 cm) wide on the lower side, and 66 inches (167.64 cm) long and 18 inches

46
(45.72 cm) wide on the upper side. The top tray had an affected area approximately 84 inches

(213.36 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm) wide. Before the test it was noted that the bottom tray

presented somewhat unusual cable placement in that there were large spaces where air could pass

freely through the cables. This condition undoubtedly contributed to the unusual case of both trays

being on fire at the end of the ignition source fire.

Weight loss was 39 Tbs (17.7 kg) in the top tray and 24.75 lbs (11.2 kg) in the bottom tray.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.43 ohms

. 57 ohms

.58 ohms

4.93 ohms

.38 ohms

.47 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

3 m ohms

200 ohms

350 k ohms

1.5 m ohms

.88 ohms

.56 ohms

Coating A

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor cable, ladder tray

The ignition source for this test was a diesel fuel fire which burned for approximately

13 minutes before self-extinguishing.

After the ignition cycle a fire was observed In the bottom tray which burned for approximately

42 minutes before self-extinguishing. The fire did not propagate to the top tray.

After the test it was noted that molten PVC had bubbled from cracks in the coating of the

top tray.

The affected area of the bottom tray was approximately 72 inches (182.88 cm) long and

18 Inches (45.72 cm) wide. The top tray had a similar affected area.

Weight loss was 22.25 lbs (10. 1 kg) In the bottom tray and 15. 75 lbs (7.1 kg) in the top tray.

47
Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Coating C

Nonqualified (PE/PVC) three-conductor

Cable

Resistance

4.69 ohms

N/A

1. 06 ohms

4.93 ohms

N/A

1.13 ohms

Circuit-to

Ground Resistance

4.8 m ohms

N/A

60 k ohms

2.4 m ohms

N/A

191.2 ohms

cable, ladder tray

The ignition source for this test was a diesel fuel fire which burned for approximately 11

minutes before self-extinguishing.

After the ignition cycle a fire was observed in the bottom tray which burned for approximately

37 minutes during which it propagated to the top tray. The top tray burned for approximately

43 minutes before self-extinguishing.

The affected area of the bottom tray was 84 inches (213.36 cm) long and 18 inches (45.72 cm)

wide. The top tray had an affected area approximately 96 inches (243. 84 cm) long and 18 inches

(45.72 cm) wide.

Weight loss was 45.25 lbs (20.5 kg) for the bottom tray and 57.75 lbs (26.2 kg) for the top

tray.

See Figures 25, 26, 27, and 28.

Bottom tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Top tray:

Pretest

Posttest (warm)

Posttest (cold)

Cable

Resistance

4.89 ohms

N/A

0.65 ohms

4.71 ohms

N/A

0.47 ohms

Circuit-toGround Resistance

1 m ohm

N/A

0.44 ohms

500 k ohms

NI/A

0.45 ohms

48
Figure 25. Diesel Fuel Burning During Test 47

Figure 26. After Diesel Fuel Fire has Extinguished

and Bottom Tray has Ignited in Test 47

49
Figure 27. After Diesel Fuel Fire has Extinguished

and Both Cable Trays have Ignited in Test 47

Figure 28. After Test 47

50
Summary of Diesel Fuel Exposure Fires

Temperature and voltage plots were obtained for each test as in the previous propane fueled

exposure fires. Data extracted from these plots for each test provided comparisons between that

test and all other tests. Rather than include all plots for each test, Table VII summarizes important

parameters obtained during these tests. Appended Figures C-1 through C-20 are some of the

temperature and voltage plots for one diesel fuel fire. The temperatures of C-1 and C-2 were

measured one inch (2. 54 cm) over the fuel and may be compared to the temperatures taken one

inch over the propane fueled ribbon burner by channels #0 and #1. These plots are shown in

Figures B-1 and B-2 in this report as well as in SAND78-0518. Other plots may be compared

directly to the propane fueled fires, as measurement locations are the same.

Conclusions

Preliminary results show that all coatings and barriers offer a measure of additional protection. No propagation to the second tray was observed in any of the two tray tests where IEEE383 qualified cable was used. In the three tests where propagation to the second tray was observed.

non-qualified cable was used. Two of these tests were with the same fire retardant coating (coating

C) and were initiated by two different exposure fires (propane fueled IEEE-393 ribbon burners, and

diesel fuel #2 in a pan). The other test was with a different fire retardant coating (coating G) and

was initiated by a diesel fuel fire. It must be pointed out that in the diesel fueled fires no barriers

were used between the cable trays so that the fuel from the cable in the bottom tray was not the only

heat source to the upper tray to produce propagation.

There is a wide range in relative effectiveness of the different fire retardant coatings tested

here. Table VIII summarizes a ranking of coating effectiveness derived from the small scale and

full scale tests reported here and in SAND78-0518 (March 1978). These rankings are based on both

combustion and propagation properties. There is no attempt to rank the fire barriers. There was

no attempt to protect the ignition tray; only to prevent propagation to other trays. Ease of combustion in the ignition tray, therefore, has no meaning with regard to the relative effectiveness of

the barrier. Indeed, there is some justification in the argument that this is also the main function

of the fire retardant coatings.

During the execution of the 26 tests reported here, a considerable amount of chlorine was

released from the combustion of the electrical cables. This chlorine combined in the test site

with available hydrogen to form hydrochloric acid. This appeared as corrosive oily substance

that discolored unprotected metal in the building and occasionally dripped from the ceiling.

51
C',

TABLE VII

Results of Full Scale Two-Tray Tests Exposed to Diesel Fuel Fires

(No Barriers Between Trays)

Max.

Cable

Temp.

(OF)

Max.

Calorimeter

Temp.

(F)

Max.

Barrier

Temp.

Test Coatings, Cable (OF)

Time to

Electrical

Short

(min)

Top

Time to 900OF

In Cables

(min)

Time to

Ignition

(min)

of

Burn

(min)

Affected

Area

(in.)

Wt.

Loss

(Ibs) Propagation

Length Length

43 Open ladder

PVC

Coating E

44 Open ladder

PVC

Coating B

45 Open ladder

PVC

Coating G

46 Open ladder

PVC

Coating A

47 Open ladder

PVC

Coating C

255

670

1560

675

1700

485

1450

1400

1560

1610

1100

725

1530

830

1330

1400

1580

1530

1470

1570

1180

780

1580

1140

1400

1430

1480

1550

1400

1550

19

11

11

11

60

60

12

60

None 0 0 4.25

None 0 72 10.5

No

No

Yes

No

12 45.5 84 39

None 0 72 15.75

7 5 11.5 43 96 57.75 Yes

43

44

45

46

47

Same as top

Same as top

Same as top

Same as top

Same as top

Bottom

10

6

11

10

3

60

15

20

13

10

None

12.5

12

13

11.5

0

30. 5

42

42

37

36

66

66

72

84

6.25

20.25

24.75

22.25

45.25
A test of coating C on IEEE-383 qualified cable in a full scale two-tray configuration appeared

marginally below propagation, as reported in SAND78-0518. This test was repeated as test number

35 in this report and duplicated its performance. A 23. 5 pound (10. 7 kg) weight loss in the top tray

indicates that although no flame resulted (therefore no propagation) there were products of pyrolysis

driven off. This series of tests correlates with the previous series of tests, and both seem to be

in agreement with the small scale tests performed on the coating materials. In addition, the fuel

fires were reproducible among themselves and gave the same relative ranking of the cable coating

materials as obtained with the propane fueled exposure fire. If one 5-minute cycle of the propane

burners is thought of as a unit standard, then 2 gallons (7. 6 x 10- 3m 3 ) of diesel fuel in a 3 ft x

1. 5 ft (0. 91 m x 0. 5 m) pan appears to be approximately equivalent to three such units in its effect

on a cable tray.

TABLE VIII

Fire Retardant Coating Tests

Ranking of Resistance to Combustion (Relative)

(Lowest Numerical Value Provides Most Resistance)

Coating

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

Uncoated 383

cable

Uncoated per

383 cable

Small Scale

4

Single-Tray Tests

5

4

6

1

2

Full-Scale

Two-Tray Tests

Propane Fueled

4

3

6

1

2

5

1

2

6

3

7

Full-Scale

Two-Tray Tests

Diesel Fuel Fire

3

2

5

1

4 3

7

8

5

7

8

53
References

1. IEEE Standard for Type Test of Class IE Electric Cables, Field Splices, and Connections for

Nuclear Power Generating Stations, Std. 383-1974.

2. US Atomic Commission Regulatory Guide 1. 75, Physical Independence of Electric Systems,

February 1974.

3. L. J. Klamerus and R. H. Nilson, "Cable Tray Fire Tests," SAND77-1125 C, July 1977.

4. L. J. Klamerus, "A Preliminary Report on Fire Protection Research Program (July 6, 1977

Test)," SAND77-1424, October 1977.

5. L. J. Klamerus, "A Preliminary Report on Fire Protection Research Program Fire Retardant

Coatings Tests (December 7, 1977 - January 31, 1978), " SAND78-0518, March 1978.

54
APPENDIX A

55
TABLE A-I

Heat Release Data--Coating G, Single-Conductor, Small Scale Test

Cable Size: Small

Coating: G

Radiant Heat Flux- 4. 0 W/cm2

Units

Time to Ignition Sec 450

Maximum Heat Release Rate kW/m 2 90

Time to Maximum Heat Release Sec 844

Cumulative Heat Release MJ/m 2

5 minutes 9. 0

10 minutes 22. 2

15 minutes 44.9

20 minutes 55. 7

25 minutes 64.4

30 minutes 72. 0

TABLE A-I1

Heat Release Data--Coating G, Three-Conductor, Small Scale Test

Cable Size: Large

Coating: G

Radiant Heat Flux: 4. 0 W/ cm2

Units

Time to Ignition Sec 1050

Maximum Heat Release Rate kW/m 2 166

Time to Maximum Heat Release Sec 1785

Cumulative Heat Release MJ/ m 2

5 minutes 9. 4

10 minutes 20.8

15 minutes 30.0

20 minutes 40. 1

25 minutes 60. 9

30 minutes 99.4

58
APPENDIX B

Temperature and Voltage Versus Time Plots for Test 22 (3-Conductor

PE/PVC Non-qualified Cable, Single-Tray Test, Open Ladder Tray,

Ceramic Wool Blanket on Top of Tray)

57
BLIRNR BURN TEST A-215-78

CHAN\INEL

lESI 22

0 EAST FLAME

1500

II-1

a:

z

cJ

-I- Li. U,

U

LLdC

r

H

Ld

CC

La.

rLu

1.

1000

S0o

0

1 .20

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-1. Thermocouple No. 0 in Burner Flame

58
BURNR BURNl TEST 4-2fl-78

CHANNEL

IESI 22

1. WEST FLAME

1100

z

cc

Lii

LiJ

C3

z

Lii 0.

x

UJ

t.-

1000

Soo

0

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-2. Thermocouple No. 1 in Burner Flame

59
BURNR

1200

1000

*i

BURN TEST A-24,-78

CHANNEL

........... ............................ . ..................................

1ES1 72.

LOWER CABLE EASI

............. .........

I--

w

rI

z

ILi

IJ~

Lici"

U)

w

IJJ

0

z

lii~

Ir.

Itoo

60O

,t00

...... ...... ........... .. ... .... ..b .

... . . .. .. . . .. .. Z . . . . . ........ 

. . ... ....... ..... ........ • • "....-.

• €.. . .... ... . .. ........... ... . .... S

I/I ............. ..... ..... - ......-... -. -..-..-

...... .. ... ..... ..... ; .. ... : ...... . . ....... ..

.......... . .....-... ... ........ 4.-.... *... . .

S. ......... . ..... . ....... . :......... ......... .... .. .:

...... .. ... ............... ... ....... ..... .. .... .... ... :...

.... . ...... .. ..... ..... -- -- -: ---- ---- --- --- ----- ---- -.

A ........... .... .. .... ....... .... ........... ..... ...... ...... . .

4 2.. .. . .

~ 2 •• 1 I i ..... ' -- ---- -------- .... --- -. -.... ....... :. ..... i....... ..... ........ .... .... T.....T.. .. ". .. . ... . . . .... T... .i.. . .. .. . . ' -:

........ . .... .. . .... . .... .. -----.-----

.............. ....... . .......

2.. . . .. . 2

........... ..... ... ........ ... ...

- . ...... ......... 4.. .............................. ...... ... ................... ............... .....

; 2. 2 ! 2 . .: 2 -2 2 " . . . ! . 2

1 I Ii. 1 

1 1 . • 1 . 1 :

• . . * . .... . *,....... .*.. . .... . . .*4 . .. .. , o. . ..

i i ! i i I i ! . I2 2 2 . I : " " I i tI

200

0 .20 .4*0 .60 ..20

TIME. IN HOURS

Figure B-3. Thermocouple No. 2 in Cable Bundle

1 .00 I .:c

60
BUPIUR BURNJ TEST ,1..25-.78 1E57 2',

CHAINEL I LOVER CABLE CENIlER

......... ,'............ ................................ ...... .............. ............ ........... ............... ...... ................. ...... "..."..... ................... .......... .. i......... "..........i ............... .... ........... ....... ..

......... ... ........ .... . . .. .. . .. .. ... ... ...• ..T.... . .i.. ........ ...... ... ... ........... .......... .... ........- ..... . .. .t..... :...... ...... . ....-. ...... .• ... ..... . . i ...... ... . ..... . .. ............ . . ... ..

i i ii " • i" iw .

i ! " i.-" #.- !! i " :11*

1000

g ooo

000

r--t

,I

-r

uI

i,

L±. (0

LL

ILl

0

z

-i......... :.-. ... ......... i ..... ... ..... ....... . .,. . ..... ....... . ... ... i..-...... i ....... ! ...... ........ ! ......... ! ....... " ....... .......... ..... " ......... i......... ..-....... .......... i ........ : ............ .T" .......... ." T" " ...... i . " . i

! i i i i i i -; i ''i•......."... i ......... .... " ... ...... . ..... ......... .- ....... ; ......... ! ...... -

.. .... ......... :

...... • i i ! ...... i ...... i " .. .. ..... . .i....

; # : i l : i ; I I i : : I ::I I 2

/.... ...... .. .. I ........ I 

'! ! •2

La

Ia:

Li I--

I I a

20 ..... K... ......... .......... .......-... 1

2 . . 24 .. .. ... .. -- -- i

q• 0 ... $....... ........ t ... ,.........i ......... . ......... ........... .........I .......... i........ ... . ... .- ...... , -..-. .... .t ..... . ....... i....... ..* ...... •......÷.. .. .- .... i... ... . .

. .......... . ....... .. ......... ..... ... .. . .. ... .. .. ..... 0 ..... .. .. -........ ,. .... .0 ....... .-.....-.. ......... . ..... . .. .. ..... .. . ........... . . - . . .. ...... i.... ..... ..... . ., .. . . .. . .

2.2 * 2 2 i 2 2

.0.........4.******~**

t 1 1

............. .......... . .....;........., ......... ,....... : ..... .. .......... - ---

i2 2

0 6. -- .. .0 . .1 . 0.... 

0 .2 ; '4 Go .0 1 .0 i 1 .20, 

TIE '-It IHOURS

Figure B-4. Thermocouple No. 3 in Cable Bundle

61
BOLRNR

1200.

1000.

LUI

I1

z

Li]

LLJ

La]

0

z

H

LU

t-

$oo

Soo

400.

BURN TEST I-.Zt- -7:5 -ES1 3 22

CHANN.EL ,4 LOtER CALE:- WES1

!. ........................ ...... ; ........... ........ ...... .............. .......... ......... .......... .................. "..................................... ........ .......... ...... i..... .."................. ...... .................. ......

... . ............... ... . ............ I......... . ....... I .......... . .

p /•

S4.............

....... ..... 2 2... ..... ......... ..... .....

ij I I

..... .. ... ,........... . .. .. ................ ............ ... ......... ,.......... ,......... .. .. i .......... •......... ............ ......... i.......... . ... ......... .................. .. ..:..... . .

.... ....... ..................................... ........................... ........... .......... .. /. .......... .......... ......... .I , ............... ,.. ............ ..... ....... .

I 1

L ..... 4......- i ...... i .. ..... ...... ... ... I ...... ...... i .......

....... : 2.. . ..... . • .............. . " 

........ .......

....~ ~~~ ~ ............... .... .4..4......2.... . . ..............

........... ...... . . ...... .............

... ... ......... !......... ,,....... ...... .. ....... . . .. .. . .... !. . .. . ...... ...- ..... ........ ....... ........ ...... ........ .... ...t .... _

i I i. •• ! i--, 2 : 2 2 2 i)'

.. .. ... ..I I. . ... . ........ .l .... .......... .... .......... ........... ......... i.......... i.......... ........ .i .... .... ....... ........ ... ... .. ..,.... ...... ; ..... . ,....... ... . : .. . ........ .... ... .

I ... .... . . 2 2 . ". . .

S . ..... ... ..... ..... ..... .. • .. .:. ..

. .. . .... ......... .. ......... "...... ........... .... .. ......... . . ............. . . ..... ......... ........ . ........ ,. ... . . . ........... ......... ... ... ...

S.. . ....... . ..... ....... •........ .........

i a l 4 ! ... 4 . :.. .-. I . . . .: :

: ..... 4,.... .: :......* . .4 ... :.....:..... .... ....... :.........:....9 . .... 9: : i i *-. . . . . . "

. .. ii= . . . .

2 * * I ; I,

i. !4. ! I i i .. i .i i ! i i i

!aI,: I . i ! i j . i ~~~~~I a I .. ... •..

200

0 .20 .'*0 . ,.30 1e .00 1 ..

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-5. Thermocouple No. 4 in Cable Bundle

62
SU RN R BURN TEST -4-;5-78

CHANNEL

1ESi 22

5 LOWER EASI BARRIER

So0

4'00

I-I

t.Iri

z

LLV:

LdIx

l,.

U) Ld

C3

z

M

Ld

I--

cJ

rUJ

a300

200

100

1 .20

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-6. Thermocouple No. 5 at Barrier Over Cable Tray

63
BURNR BURN TEST 'J-25-78

CHANNEL

"ESr 272

6 tLOWER W,'ESI BARR]ER

S00

s00

w

I0:

I"

Lii LM

Lo

CD

LU

0

r

H

I-i

LJ

CC1-

1-

00

200

.20

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-7. Thermocouple No. 6 at Barrier Over Cable Tray

64
SURNR BURN TEST 4-2•5-78 I ESI 22

CHANNEL 12 . LOWER NOPIH CAL

300

t--

z

LU

LL

LIl

ILU

0

mr

z

H

La

nr

w

ILl

1--

200

100

I .2CTIME IN HOURS

Figure B-8. Calorimeter No. 12, 3.75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables

65
BUPINR BURtl TEST J-25-78 1 ESi 2-•

CHdJ-PD 1 L.0"'[P rIOUIH CAL

......... •:. ...................... .......... ......... .................... ...................... .... ................... .......... ..................... .......... ................................. ......................... ....... ............ ........ !.......

300 J !..... . .... ..... . ...... ........ ............ . ..... ........... .......... .. .............................. ......... ........ .......... ................ • .... :. ... •......... :......... ........ .:......... •. ....... ..... _ .,....... •.... ! ........... ! ......... : .. .... ,..... ......... :......... .......... : ......... ..... : ......... .......... :......... ...... .. ............... ......... ;....... ; ......... & ....... . ......... I # ....... * ........ & i .......... ; ...... -; .......... ; ; 0 .................... ......... 0. .... 4

. ...... ........ .......... ............... i....... a a ......... ......... i...... 4ý ........ ........ .. . ....... A 0.- -

........................................ ............. .i ......... .......... .........

......... .. -......... ........... . . ..........

......... ................... ..... .... ..... ......... !...-..... :

1--

li

-lc: 200.

L.

Lid

LU

C,,

LU

C3

z

LJ

LU

LOO

i

.. I ......... ..................... I

...... *.....*.... .... .... . ... ........ ,...... . ......... .. ......... ,........ $ ........ i...... ......... a.......•....... ......... ;. ......... , ......... ......... ......... •......... . ....... •.... €

............ ........ ........ . .!.

. . . . ...... ..-. *..... 9 ., . .. 

, T . ... " - ......... , ........ . ... .""...... . . . . ... . ...... ........... ..... ...... .' .: ..... ' ............. : ........ .. .: ........ " ............. : ..... - ....' - -

. .. F.. * . ..... .. .........

---- ... .. -- .....-- ............ .... ....... ...... ......... ... .. ........... ...i...... i.... .... i..... . .... .... !. ...-. . ...-..... .i . . .i. . .i.. . .. . .. ,' _

.......... ........... •........ •.......... .. ...... .. ........... i ......... .. ......... i......... •.......... •........ .. 1.-.• ....... .......... .... i... i..... ...... ... ......... . ..... - ...... .....-........-..... ......... -...... .. .......... .. -.. ........ ........ ..... ... ..... !.......... i ..i.... .......... .. ... ..- ...... .? -. .......... ! .......-.. ... .. ..,..... . .i

.. . .. ...... ... .... ...... . ..... ......... ..... .

. . ... g..... 4 .. ......... ..... . 4.............---.-

i J •..... .... ........ r . . .-..... ............ .

........ . .... ................. .. ............... . ......... .......... . . . .......... . ........ . . ...... ................ . ......... ........ ..... .......... .. ...............

................. ..........

.;...... .......;; ........... ............ 0. ............ .40 .'Z0 .30 1 .00 I .2(

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-9. Calorimeter No. 13, 3.75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables

66
B URN R

Soo.

'G00.

z

Lii

La.

(n,

Lii

Lii

LUI

Lii cc

cr_

LU0.

BURN TEST A1-25-78 IESl 22

CHANNEL 141 LOWER TOP CAL

• .. .. "'....."............... i ......... ......... "".........- •.................... .......... "........ . .............................................. ..... . ": .... :-............ . .................................

. .. ................. ............ ........

i 1 ! j ii * , .:

. I. . ,

z...., ......... ......... i . ......... i ........ ........ i..........<. S............ . ,,..*.... .. .......... ....... , .. .... t -........ . ......... i.... .. . . ....... ............. , . ..... ..*......... ,......... ...... * *.......

1 t

2..... 2 2 ...... - .1 ...... 2 ....... 2

.. . ....... . . .. . 4 .. ...... .. . .. .+ .. .*.. ... . . .. .. . .. ..... *.... * .. .. -. 4...

. . Il :

- S. i . ..., I... .

....... ... - ..... .... 4. ..... I - 4...... ..........

................. • -~~ :. ........ ~~~.................. i .......... .. ......... ......... . ......... .......... " ..... ................... " ... -...... ......... . .... ....... ................. ......... ................

----------- ....... ................... ... .......... ............. 1................ .....

........ .... 2..... ... ... ... . - ----- ----- .......

:. ............

2 2 i :.~I -i . i 2i

2. .... .. .. ... 1......

; I, *£i i

... .... i L ...... .. ... ... .. ......... ......

I I . . . . 1 j

+ . . . . . . .........

2 j 2 I I I & I i

.i I i 2 i

.. . ... ... ....

................... ... . ... . .......... . ................ ................... 2. .

3 1 3' 2 " ".• .... ..... .... i ... ... ........ i ..... ,..... ... .,,..... ".. .......... . ... . .

I : • ' i I 'i

, :1i -£ .:1' • I

• :.. ... ............. . ... .... .... .. *•,......I . . . .... .~4....4...... ....

I i :i " i iiii

I I .

i I ! - I I i i I i iI I

1 ,.I 3: ! .3 ' -

1 .0! 2

300.

200

t00

0 .20 .'40 .60 .94 1 .00 1 .22.

'TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-10. Calorimeter No. 14, 8. 0 inches (20. 3 cm) Over Cables

67
ACTION BURN TEST '1-25-78 1ESl 22

CHANNEL 30' CURRENT MONIIOR LOWER TRAY

200

ISO.

100.

.i-.......... ...... ......... ..................... : .......... .......... ................. .. : ......... ......... .......... .............. .......... .. ..... ........... .

-4 - " ' . 2 2:: * : " £T * - . . .: . 2 - 4t - 4 : - - - - . ..-

.- ....... ÷ ....... • ......... - ........ • ..... ......... ÷ ....... - ..... .......... ......... :.......... •. r. . .. -......... . ........ i....... .. •. .... ....... : . .: ..... ..... ........ .' ..... .... . • 2 2 2 2 2.2 . : 2 2 . .. .

.... ...... ;......... ..... ......... ;-..........; ......... *......... ,. .......... .......... ,.......... ,......... ,. ......... ;. . .....,.... ... ,..... ....... .......... ......... +..... ....... ;. ..... . . . . .,

S. ..... t t . . "...... .... . .... .. ....... ...... .... .. ....... .. ........ .... ... 4 . . . . :".• • . .........---

... 4.. . . .... ......... ............ .... ...-....... . . ...... *..I--

. ..... 4.. . ......... ...... ..)" .- " " " -: " 

2 ± .. .. ... . .

2 .i * ! iiI

i . . 4. ...... •.... ... $..... ......... ......... ............ *. *.... ....... 9..-..-... ...... ;..... .... $-... .... *.~...; ...... ; ....... -.... *.. ..... ,*......... .. *4..--*****

2 . I° j I 2 5" -

I " 1 2 I

5 :j I 

1 2- 5 2 

2 

11

t 1

(n

C3

so .

.. 74 ........ T......... ....... .... . ..... " "T ." .* 4......... ........ ........... ............... . , **.-.... " • . '...... . .. ..... ...

....+. .. .

I 2 2 2 2 1

2 2 . 22 ,. ! i5 2 2 1 2

. . . . . . .................. ....

",• ..

I I S " $ .

: ------- ... . ... . ...

0

0 .20 .' 0 .80 1 .00

TIME IN HOURS

Figure B-11. Current Monitor During Test

68
APPENDIX C

Temperature and Voltage Versus Time Plots for Test 44 (Diesel Fuel

Exposure Fire, 3-Conductor PE/PVC Non-qualified Cable, Two-Tray

Test, Open Ladder Tray, Coating B)

69
BULIRKR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL

IESI J4

0 EAST FLAME

t400

.200

.000

z

Lii

LL

C3

z

-C

2:

La

I.

8oo

600

'#00

200

.0 .200 .400o

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-1. Thermocouple No. 0, One inch (2. 54 cm) Above Fuel, Lower Tray

70
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78 1ESI 44

CHANNEL ± WESTr FLAME

1200

tO00

LdI"

3r

Lr

W

Ll

W

IxLD

Ld

cL

W

CD

Ld

I-- LU

$00.

E00

400

200

.eOC

TIfE IN HOURS

Figure C-2. Thermocouple No. 1, One inch (2. 54 cm.) Above Fuel, Lower Tray

71
13URNR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL.

I E %3'1 14

z LO)EVER CABLE EASI

1000

S00

,I

-i"rt

-w

z

LL3:

Ld

0

CD

H

LU

,.

T--

r

P100

'9,00

200

.800

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-3. Thermocouple No. 2 in Cable Bundle, Lower Tray

72
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78 TESI 44

CHANNEL 3 LO!WER CABLE C'ENIER

.. .......... ........ ;..........i ......................... ........ ........................ ................... ......................

.. .. . . ... 1 ...... . . ....... ----- . .a. ...........................- .......2

12so.

1000.

Ld3:

z

LU. *i0.

ED

uLJ

LiJ

200

S .. .. .."* ...... . li.• .. . ............. ;°=,, ... ........ . ........ I. .Kv....... ..... ......................... . .......-..... ............. 

.. ..... ...... ....... ... .......... .............. *..... ........ ...... ................ * ..... ..... - .4 ...............

...................... ...... t-iiii .. ............. .. . ............... ...... ............. ............

......... ... .............. ..... ......... .................. ... ..... ........ . ............ i............. ..........

... ..... ..... I -N .. .. ....... ................... . . .... .... ...... ............. @ ...... I ... .. ...........

........ .. ~ . • .. eI ...... ... &• --------- •D• .

(.......

... .........

... ........... ... * 4 *..-...........

........ ... ... .....2. ......

.. ....... . .. ............. ... ... ...

----------- .. ........ 'I*I ............~~~~ ~ ........-- - ---- -- 1 .... .... I "--''.'--''",'"--" ''---'".*--"--**l "-- .......

I

S--.. ...- . ....... ....--. ...... .

--- --. .. ..... ....... .. .. .. .... .... . .

. . .. . ... 

2I ....... . .................

I It

........

...... . ........ ... ...... ..... .. --- ---

..... .............. . ... . ........

I .~.......... ....... * . I ....... ............. ....... I.........I......

I

---- ------- ------ ... ........ . - _ ...........

I .. ........ .. ............... . I .... ..... . . .... ... ----

-..... .............. . .....L....... ............. ....... . .1... .....,. ........

002

.0 .200 .'400 .6*

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-4. Thermocouple No. 3 in Cable Bundle, Lower Tray

73
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL

IES 44

4 LOWER CABLE WESI

too

Ld

z

lU

1-

LLJ

LA.

Ld

cc

LA

C3

Igoo

400

too

.00

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-5. Thermocouple No. 4 in Cable Bundle, Lower Tray

74
BURNR BLIRN TEST 6-2-78 "ESI 'P"

CHANNEL 5 LOVER EASI BARRIER

1500

1000

z

Ld

LA.

LAJ

cc

M

I-r

S00

0 .800

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-6. Thermocouple No. 5 at Barrier Over Lower Tray

75
BURNR

1200

1000.

BURN TEST 6-2-7S

CHANNEL

lESi "]4

6 LOWER WESI BARRIER

.................. ............................ ........ ... • 3

"* ......... ....... . *........*.....°..........• ,,. . .. ..... ......

.J

~.. ..........-

...........

... ~ ..... I '....

.i.............

"i .... .................... I ..... ............... ! .............. ! ...............

. . ..... ! .... ........ .....?.............-4i....... I... -.-....... 4......

..........

S.... .... . . . .... ........

3i ... ...... i.........

M

LAi

cir

U)

Ld

z

HLit

0r.

CL

I.-

Soo

6100

. ..................... A ..... 

.... . .. ... . i .. . . .

........ . .. ... ..

.r..... . ... . -----

. ...... ...

................ ..... ..

...... .... -

.. .......

.. ... . . . . ........

200

eV 4&ýV• .400u .600 .900

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-7. Thermocouple No. 6 at Barrier Over Lower Tray

76
BURP-JR BUiRVN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL

7E 44 FE 

7 UPPER CABLE EAVI

S00

LI

z

LL.

W

La]

Lii w

0

H

Ld

'a

I-

'5-

*00.,

too.

.0

TIME IN H-OURS

Figure C-8. Thermocouple No. 7 in Cable Bundle, Upper Tray

77
OURFNR 'IJRN TE'ST G-2-78

CWAINEL 8

IESI 4-4

LjPPER CABLE CEDlER

400Ca

ILLJ

0:

0

Li.

0

z

LU

iC. C

too

100

TIME IN HOUR:!

Figure C-9. Thermocouple No. 8 in Cable Bundle, Upper Tray

78
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78 IESI 44

CHANNEL 9 UPPER CABLE WEST

Soo

4#00

I.-

ri

r

w

I

LD

z

Lii

tr

Iccl

a--

w~

200

200

100

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-10. Thermocouple No. 9 in.Cable Bundle, Upper Tray

79
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-70 ]ESI 44

CHANNEL 10 UPPER EASI BARRIER

k00

w

cc

0

Lii

Lir

(Li

0

I.-

O@4.

200

.@00

TIME-IN HOURS

Figure C-11. Thermocouple No. 10 at Barrier Over Upper Tray

80
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78 1

CHANNEL 11

:S1 44

UPPER WESI BARRIER

too

coo

I.-

LU

Lii

U.

0

z

H

Uj

IuJ

Iý- 200

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-12. Thermocouple No. 11 at Barrier Over Upper Tray

81
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL I

IESI 44

2 LOWER NOR1H CAL ai

.......... i ........ i ....... i...

1500 ........

............................... I..............

... ... ......

............... ............... ...............

.. .J.... ....... ........?...... ....

... .. ... .. ... ...... .'... .... .. ..

...................... .. i .............. i ............... . ............................... j ............... i .............. ".............................. ........... I

r-i 1000

IJ.

Ld.

L,.

U')

ILd

C3

H

H

LLi I-1

ILl

fr

0--

Ld

.-

...... ...... m........ ....... .. Z ........ 41.. ......... ...... .......... ......... ......... .........

... ......•"............ .. " .............. .......... ....'"¥ "............. .......... ............... •'... ........... ............... .... ......... ................ ..... .. ....... i.......... .... ,.-............. ... .......... ... ........ ......

... . ....... ............ !. . ...... ...... .. . ... . . .. 

* 1 2 * . 2.

Il . • .;

........... ............. .... ........ ...... ....... ....... ....

i... .......... ? .............. ?. . ...... ".. ........ ............. " .... ..... ..... ............... i............. ..... . ..... i ............. ... ............ i ..... .........i ........ .. ".........T ... ....... . . .. "

i i i i i i i i i i I

.. .. ...... *. 4 .... .... *...I.....

. ......... .. -.- .......

. . . . . ...... "...... . ........

. .. .... ............... . ......... .... ............. ... .............. ........ ......

i . a .| . . !

......... -,... .. ... ..... ....... . . . . .... .,., .............................................. ,. .......... ....... .. . ..... _ .,_ ..... .. ................. ....... .............. .............. ......... .... .. . . .... .. ! • ... . .- .. . -.

- -. 9. : . . . ...- . I . 4. . .

i a ; 1i 

S10 .......... !...... ....:............ &............. ;-............ •.............. ;.. . .... "............ ........... . .; . ..... ...................... :...... ....... "..'."........ .". ... .......... .. ....... .... ... .....I ....-....... .. ;-........i :............. :..... .....- . .0 .200 .400 .GO0" 0t0o

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-13. Calorimeter No. 12, 3. 75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables Lower Tray

82
BURNR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL J

1ESI 44

13 LOWER SOUIH CAL

1500

.000

Iw

Ij"

LL

(I

LU

U)

ILa

LaJ

0

z

M

La So

a:

a--

r"

LU

-

I-

.ii

............ll ..... ....... • ........... .1... .............. N .................. .......................................................................................................................................................................

r .V ..................... † † † † -..... : ......... -

I I .- • 2; ! , , .

.. .. .. . . . ........ . .

U I 1"

I~t" £I .. .. ....... .....i :........ .... .".......... ."..'...."...".... ..... '...... ... ......."........... ."..............: ......... ... " .. ........... i ........... . ......... ...:.".........- .- ...... ...-- . .......... .... .".: ..

I 2 1 ii!•i:•: 2 I. I /, , , 1 2

. ........................................................ .............. .................... ... . . ...... .. ............ . .. .

2 3 I

,. . ... .... ,....... , .. ... .... ....... .

I/ I

I ' I : : :

i..... .. ..

........... .... ......... .., . . ............. .. ....

' .. .. . . ...

I I I * I S j

I I I l , I a I a / : ' I I t

i i i 2I t

i I !I I 4 . \ I- 2

• I I / • i : i .

I I I . . l i I "

I 2" I : " , ' .... .' '

2 j ' I i i i I 2 * 2

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I a 2 I 

I j. 1 aI I % I 

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, I...... .... i... , , , , , , 2

I I I I

i.. •t .I ...... f. -. 2 : a -.. 1

0 .............. .... ......... a.... ......... . ......... a ............................................................................................................................ ........

.200 .'400 .. 00" .e00 .•00

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-14. Calorimeter No. 13, 3. 75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables Lower Tray

83
BUFNR BURN TEST 6-2-78

CHANNEL I

1ESI 44

4 LOWER TOP CAL

1100

1000

z

w

cc

La.

(I)

tij

LaL

0

z

H

Ld

cc:

La

Ld

tS0o

0 .400 .GO0

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-15. Calorimeter No. 14, 8. 0 inches (20.3 cm) Over Cables Lower Tray

84
BURtNiR

"'00

BUjRN TEST 6-2-78

CF- ANf.EL J

1LV1 44'C

.5 LU~F'F'.I NORTH- CAL

I.-

LLJ

-r

(I

Lii

w

CL

uJ.

X

In,

'.<

I--

1100

200

.600

TIME 'IN H-OURS

Figure C- 16. Calorimeter No. 15, 3. 75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables Upper Tray

85
OtJFU"JR BLR. TEST 6-2-78 IESi -14

CHANNEL I5 1JF';'ER SOLIFI CAL

i ............... ............... i. ..... ................... ".-..............." ................................................. ............... : ................ ........ ...... ........ ......

... ........ ........ ........ ........ ...... ....... ...

R O ................ ............... i .............. !...... ......... ... .. i- . ......-............. . .............. i ............... ............... • ........ ...... ............... . ..........

... ! i . . . I 2 i . ................ r...............i lb .. .... ! .. ... ... ....i........i............... i i ! .... .

.. .. ..... ... ............ ...

.........................

'-UCL

LL.

(n

LdJ

LUJ

cr

M

LAU 0c

n

ICLi

Soo

4#00

300

290

100

.......... ........... i ......... :..........: ........ ... ............. .......... " " ..... .... .............. ...............,......... ...i ........ ...... . ... ......... ..•............... ........ ...... ! ! ........... I I I ... ! ........... ! I . .. * . 1. . . . . . . ,.. l ............ ...................................... I ! / .."................................................... ! It 2•2o ......................... . .............. ..................... . ............. ..................... ............ ....... .............. .... ...... ....... . ......

......... ........ .......... ... ..... r........ ................... .... .. . . ...

i iI . . .. . . ....... . ... . *.* .... 

i...... ......... ............... i............... i .. ......." ........... r "..... ....... T.. ........... ............... : ............... ............... ............... ........ ...... :............... ............... ............ i................

I°•'°" •"l°• °°" °°*" " ' ' '" °" " " °" 'l.° ........ ... .? . ............ ............... ................................ , ............... . o,... .. ..... o , ,... .. .*,, ,g. •,I ....... ,.•. o . . ,.,

I 2."

...... :..... ,... ...... .. ..... .'"'" ........... ... ......... T ............ i ............... .... ............ •.............. ............... ........ ...... • ....... ..... .............. ........... .. .. ...........

........ ...................... ......... '... . .I

.... .............................. 6........ .................... 1 ... .

......... . ........... .......... ... :.......:... ..

:; ; I I i I I

............... .... ......-...... ,........ . ... . ..-..-....I . .. ...................... .......... ......

2 2 . 5 2 I -

.... .................. .. , ........... ........... . ........... ........... .... ......... .............. ...... ................... ............... ......... ........ . ............. .............. ,..... ............. ..... . .... .... 

A................,.... ... . .... •.......• . • .. o. ......... ...... ............... t ............. ..... ........ .............. ....... ............ .... .... .......... ....... ......... .... ...............

2 . 2 ....... ....." . ..

.2 .......... 5 .. j . . 1 .. . .... .... It!i 4 2 .......

. , . . . . .

... ............. ...... z ................

..... .-. .... . . .. .

... . . ,

.......... . ....... ..... .......... 1.. . ...... ....... .................. ".... .. ....... ............ . ................... ..... .............. .... .................. ........ ...... . ............. i..........

i II 2

.... ." .............. . . .... .. . . . ,. .. n..-.•.\ .........

i .. . . .. -S...

I ' 1 1 2

, ............. ....... .. .. .... . :...

...... ..... .. . . .... ..... .. ...... ............ ...................... ..................... I

I i 2 •il I 

...... .............. ....... ..... ... ......... .. ............ . ............. ... ..... ........ •,............ .... ..... L .......... ... .•............ ............ , ..... ................. ,............. . ....... ..

S--..................~..Ž ......... l 2 . K 

I . i J i . 2 Iiij i2

.. . ....... .. ........... . .......... .... .. . . ...... ...... .. ............... ................ ................ ... .... ... ..... . ... ... . .... ... ....... .... .......... .. . ....... . ... ....... . .. ... . . .. .... ... ... . . . . i . . ".. *3.. .i.... ...

I I .i I i l i. I 

2 gi I 2 : . ::I ..... ... I.

I iIt" ' 

I I Ii I I II

; , i !I 2

.0 .200 .'t00 .60"o .400

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-17. Calorimeter No. 16, 3. 75 inches (9. 5 cm) Over Cables Upper Tray

86
BuR1,4R BURN TEST 6-2-78 -"IE$1 14

CHANNEL 17 UPPER TOP CAL

c00

z

w

0a.

I--

1-00

200

I

.400

TIME IN POURS

Figure C-18. Calorimeter No. 17, 8. 0 inches (20. 3 cm) Over Cables Upper Tray

87
BURN'

0

JR BURN TEST 6-2-78 .1ES'1 44

CHANNEL 30 CURRENT MONITOR LOWER TRAY

.. ... . . . ....... .......................................................... ......

. 0 .......... " ! t i . = . i l l

.2

.. ........... .. ........... . ............. ... ....... .. ............. .....

.. . .. . ............... .. - -..-. I

....... .-.. i ............ . ............ ; .......... .................... i .............. ........................................

Wv

/ .. 3 .. ..... .. 7.

I

II. fi

II 1V) ............ , .... , ....... _ ,.. ...... .... T ......... T........ ? ................ .............. ........... .....r........ .. *......y. 7......... . .. . . . .......... . ......-.. .,................

ii :3 2 2 2 2 i 2

(I° 3 ."2 2 2 . I 2

• I..2...... : .1 I 

.i ...... . ............................ ............ ... ............... ...........

.I0c

I

I • ~. . ......... i

------ .. ....... ... .... .. ....... . ... .. ... 1 I t 1 : I: i 1 2 • 2

.... ,4-........ ........ .............. ................ ................................ 4 ............. *............. * 2 2 . . . 2 2 . i = I I I . . . . . .222

S I i 3 I I I I 

S00 .1 .... .......... ............ .. ......... 0 .200

TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-19. Current Monitor Lower Tray

o00- .I

88
BURNR BURN TEST G-7-78

CHANNEL

lESl ~14

31 CLiPRrENT MOIIL1OR LIPPER TRAY a

i

0--J0

"TIME IN HOURS

Figure C-20. Current Monitor Upper Tray

89
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