Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca3-14-03302/USCOURTS-ca3-14-03302-0/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Attorney General United States of America
Respondent
Blanca Estenia Ramirez-Melgar
Petitioner

Document Text:

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

____________

No. 14-3302

_____________

BLANCA ESTENIA RAMIREZ-MELGAR,

 Petitioner

v.

ATTORNEY GENERAL UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

 Respondent

_____________

ON PETITION FOR REVIEW OF A FINAL ORDER

OF THE BOARD OF IMMIGRATION APPEALS

(Agency No. A200-113-573)

Immigration Judge: Honorable Annie S. Garcy

____________

Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

April 24, 2015

____________

Before: CHAGARES, JORDAN and BARRY, Circuit Judges

(Opinion Filed: May 12, 2015)

____________

OPINION*

____________

BARRY, Circuit Judge

Blanca Ramirez-Melgar (“Ramirez”) petitions for review of an order of the Board 

 

*

 This disposition is not an opinion of the full court and pursuant to I.O.P. 5.7 does not 

constitute binding precedent. 

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 1 Date Filed: 05/12/2015
2

of Immigration Appeals (“BIA”). The BIA affirmed the Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) 

denial of Ramirez’s motion to reopen her seven-year-old order of removal, and 

determined that her due process rights had not been violated in the proceeding before the 

IJ. We will deny the petition for review.

I

Ramirez, a native and citizen of El Salvador, entered the United States without 

inspection on approximately November 27, 2005, and was charged as removable the 

following day. Ramirez was personally served a Notice to Appear and was informed in 

Spanish of the time and place of the removal hearing. She failed to appear at the original 

hearing set for January 17, 2006, or the rescheduled hearing held on February 27, 2006, 

notice of which had been provided to her by mail. As a result, the IJ ordered Ramirez’s 

removal from the United States to El Salvador.

Nearly seven years later, on February 12, 2013, while apparently in the custody of 

the Department of Homeland Security following her arrest for driving without a license, 

Ramirez moved to reopen the order of removal, alleging both lack of notice and her intent 

to now seek asylum. Although promised, no corroborating evidence was provided, and 

the IJ denied Ramirez’s motion to reopen on March 3, 2013.

The BIA affirmed. Noting that ordinary mail, properly sent, is presumed received, 

the BIA agreed with the IJ that Ramirez received notice of the rescheduled removal 

hearing after she failed to appear at the originally scheduled one: notice was mailed to a 

valid address provided by her, was not returned as undeliverable, and Ramirez offered no 

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 2 Date Filed: 05/12/2015
3

evidence of non-receipt. The BIA also found that the IJ properly denied Ramirez’s 

motion to reopen insofar as it sought leave to apply for asylum, given that no evidence 

was submitted to support it. Indeed, even before the BIA, Ramirez failed to identify 

anything that would have established prima facie eligibility for asylum. Lastly, the BIA 

found unavailing Ramirez’s claim that the IJ’s prompt decision denied her due process.

II

We have jurisdiction under 8 U.S.C. § 1252. We review the denial of a motion to 

reopen for abuse of discretion, reversing only if the BIA’s decision was arbitrary, 

irrational, or contrary to law. Patel v. Att’y Gen. of U.S., 639 F.3d 649, 651 (3d Cir. 

2011). Although we ordinarily review the BIA’s decision as the final agency decision, 

where “the BIA both adopts the findings of the IJ and discusses some of the bases for the 

IJ’s decision,” as here, “we have authority to review the decisions of both the IJ and the 

BIA.” Chen v. Ashcroft, 376 F.3d 215, 222 (3d Cir. 2004). We review findings of fact for 

substantial evidence and must uphold such findings unless the evidence compels a 

contrary conclusion. Abdille v. Ashcroft, 242 F.3d 477, 483-84 (3d Cir. 2001). We 

exercise plenary review over Ramirez’s claim of a violation of her due process rights. 

Chong v. Dist. Dir., INS, 264 F.3d 378, 386 (3d Cir. 2001).

III

An in absentia removal order may be rescinded at any time if a movant 

demonstrates lack of notice. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(C)(ii). Ramirez argues to us that she 

did not receive notice because her then-fiancé withheld her mail. But this argument was 

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 3 Date Filed: 05/12/2015
4

not developed before the IJ, and her ex-fiancé was referenced only once in an unsworn 

statement from her attorney that did not explain the relationship’s relevance. 

On the other hand, Ramirez was personally served the first Notice to Appear, and 

notices of both her original and rescheduled hearings were mailed to the address that she 

provided. Notice is sufficient under the statute “if provided at the most recent address 

provided,” 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(b)(5)(A), and, when sent by regular mail, is presumed 

received. Santana Gonzalez v. Att’y Gen., 506 F.3d 274, 278-79 (3d Cir. 2007). A sworn 

affidavit or circumstantial evidence can rebut this presumption, id. at 279-81, but 

Ramirez submitted no such evidence in support of her motion. The BIA found Ramirez’s 

unsubstantiated and unexplained assertions insufficient to rebut the presumption of 

receipt and thus found no error in the IJ’s finding that notice was proper. We agree

without further discussion.

A motion to reopen may, of course, be brought to allow an application for asylum 

“based on changed country conditions arising in the country of nationality” shown by 

newly available, material evidence. 8 U.S.C. § 1229a(c)(7)(C)(ii). Ramirez, however, 

explicitly conceded in her brief to the IJ that conditions in El Salvador had not changed. 

A motion to reopen on this ground must also state a prima facie case for asylum based on 

“a well-founded fear of persecution,” Etugh v. INS, 921 F.2d 36, 39 (3d Cir. 1990), by 

“produc[ing] objective evidence showing a reasonable likelihood that [s]he can establish 

that [s]he is entitled to relief,” Khan v. Att’y Gen., 691 F.3d 488, 496 (3d Cir. 2012) (first 

alteration in original) (quoting Guo v. Ashcroft, 386 F.3d 556, 563 (3d Cir. 2004))

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 4 Date Filed: 05/12/2015
5

(internal quotation marks omitted). Ramirez’s asylum application did no more than 

summarily allege that she helped her brother escape Salvadoran gangs, or “maras,” and 

feared kidnapping or torture should she return. As the BIA found, the IJ correctly held 

that that was simply not enough. 

IV

Due process protections extend to aliens facing removal. Kamara v. Att’y Gen., 

420 F.3d 202, 211 (3d Cir. 2005). Ramirez contends that she was denied an opportunity 

to submit supporting evidence because the IJ ruled on her motion to reopen 

approximately 12 days after it was filed.1 Ramirez, however, bore the burden of showing

in her moving papers that reopening was warranted. See 8 U.S.C.A. § 1229a(c)(7)(B) 

(“The motion to reopen shall state the new facts that will be proven at a hearing to be 

held if the motion is granted, and shall be supported by affidavits or other evidentiary 

material.”); 8 C.F.R. § 1003.2(c) (“A motion to reopen proceedings for the purpose of 

submitting an application for relief must be accompanied by the appropriate application 

for relief and all supporting documentation.”). She failed to do so. Nor did she request 

leave to file additional evidence, even after the IJ set a prompt March 1st deadline for the 

government’s opposition papers, and she has offered no authority to support a finding 

that an expeditious decision alone violates due process. 

 

1 Ramirez’s initial filing was rejected due to improper proof of service, and she refiled 

one week later, defect corrected, such that 19 days, rather than 12, passed between her 

initial motion and the IJ’s decision. 

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 5 Date Filed: 05/12/2015
6

V

We will deny Ramirez’s petition for review.

Case: 14-3302 Document: 003111959937 Page: 6 Date Filed: 05/12/2015