Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca6-19-03453/USCOURTS-ca6-19-03453-0/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Melissa Cohan
Appellant
Commissioner of Social Security
Appellee

Document Text:

NOT RECOMMENDED FOR FULL-TEXT PUBLICATION

File Name: 20a0076n.06

Case No. 19-3453

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT

MELISSA COHAN,

Plaintiff-Appellant,

v.

COMMISSIONER OF SOCIAL SECURITY,

Defendant-Appellee.

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ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED 

STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR 

THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF 

OHIO

BEFORE: SUHRHEINRICH, DONALD, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges. 

BERNICE BOUIE DONALD, Circuit Judge. In January 2006, following the death of 

her husband, Plaintiff-Appellant Melissa Cohan (“Cohan”) applied for and was awarded mother’s 

insurance benefits under Title II of the Social Security Act (“the Act”). At the time she submitted 

her application for mother’s benefits, Cohan was not employed. After receiving monthly benefits 

for one year, Cohan sought employment and began earning an income that exceeded the yearly 

earnings limit on her benefits, resulting in an overpayment. Cohan requested a waiver of the 

overpayment recovery, which the Defendant-Appellee Commissioner of Social Security 

(“Commissioner”) denied. Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 405(g), Cohan sought judicial review of that 

decision in the district court, which affirmed the Commissioner’s decision to seek recovery of the 

overpayment. Cohan now appeals, asserting primarily that recovery of the overpayment defeats

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the purpose of the Act and goes against equity and good conscience, thereby entitling her to a 

waiver of the overpayment under 42 U.S.C. § 404(b)(1). We AFFIRM.

Under the Act, mother’s and father’s benefits are available to the surviving spouse of a 

decedent who was fully or currently insured at the time of their death if the surviving spouse, 

among other requirements, has a child of the decedent in their care under the age of sixteen. 

20 C.F.R. § 404.339. This monthly benefit is subject to an annual earnings limit, meaning the 

amount of benefits a claimant receives each month may be reduced if the claimant’s income 

surpasses the applicable earnings limit for the year in which the benefits are received. Id. § 404.342 

(incorporating by reference id. §§ 404.304, 404.415); see also 42 U.S.C. § 403(a)-(b). 

On January 24, 2006, Cohan submitted an application to the Social Security Administration 

(“SSA”) for mother’s insurance benefits pursuant to the Act. Cohan’s application for mother’s 

benefits included the following provisions: 

I understand that SSA will use the earnings reported to SSA by my employer(s) and 

my self-employment tax return (if applicable) as the report of earnings required by 

law, to adjust benefits under the earnings test. I also understand that it is my 

responsibility to ensure that the information I give SSA concerning my earnings is 

correct. I also understand that I must furnish additional information as needed when 

my benefit adjustment is not correct based on the earnings on my record.

. . . .

My reporting responsibilities have been explained to me. 

Admin. R. 489. On January 29, 2006, the SSA issued an award notice to Cohan informing her that 

she was entitled to receive $1,382.00 in monthly mother’s benefits. Additionally, the award notice 

stated: 

Work and Earnings Affect Payments

The monthly earnings test applies only to 1 year. That year is the first year a 

beneficiary has a non-work month after entitlement to Social Security benefits. Our 

records show that you had or will have at least one non-work month in 2006. If you 

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ever go to work, we will pay benefits for each year based on your work and earnings 

for that year.

. . . .

Your Responsibilities

Your benefits are based on the information you gave us. If this information 

changes, it could affect your benefits. For this reason, it is important that you report 

changes to us right away. 

We have enclosed a pamphlet . . . [that] tells you what must be reported and how 

to report. Please be sure to read that part of the pamphlet which explains how work 

could change payments. 

Admin. R. 494-95. In 2006, Cohan received $15,202.00 in mother’s benefits payments. 

Cohan was not employed when she applied for and was awarded benefits in January 2006. 

In February 2007, however, Cohan began working for the City of Worthington and earning an 

annual income of $31,778.00. Cohan asserts that she reported her employment status change 

during an in-person visit to her local SSA office. During this visit, Cohan claims that she 

completed a tax withholding form and was informed that she did not need to complete any 

additional paperwork to report her income change.

A. 2007 Overpayment

On July 15, 2008, Cohan received a letter from the SSA informing her that, due to her 2007 

earnings, she had received an overpayment of benefits. The letter notified Cohan that the SSA had 

overpaid her $9,405.00 in 2007. The letter also explained that, to recover the money Cohan owed 

the SSA, the agency planned to begin withholding Cohan’s benefits payments in September 2008, 

and that Cohan would begin receiving benefits again in April 2009. Additionally, the letter 

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detailed how the overpayment was calculated,

1

instructed Cohan to report any changes in her 

income or employment status to the SSA, and informed Cohan that she could appeal the SSA’s 

overpayment decision or seek a waiver of the overpayment recovery.

In a letter dated September 2, 2008, the SSA reminded Cohan that, due to the overpayment 

she received in 2007, she would not receive benefits payments for September 2008 through 

February 2009, that she would receive a partial payment of her March 2009 benefits, and that her 

full monthly benefits payments would resume beginning with her April 2009 benefits payment. 

Cohan did not appeal the overpayment decision or seek a waiver of the overpayment recovery for 

the 2007 overpayment. Accordingly, Cohan did not receive any benefits payments for the months 

of September 2008 through February 2009. 

B. 2008 Overpayment

On August 20, 2009, the SSA sent Cohan another letter explaining that, because Cohan 

had earned more than the earnings limit for 2008,2 Cohan owed the agency $13,193.00 in overpaid 

benefits for 2008. Further, the letter explained that the SSA would begin withholding Cohan’s 

benefit payments beginning in October 2009 to recover the 2008 overpayment and that Cohan 

would begin receiving benefits payments again in July 2010. Again, the agency reminded Cohan 

1 Specifically, the letter stated: 

The earnings limit for 2007 is $12,960.00. If you work and earn over the allowed 

amount for the year, we withhold $1 in benefits for every $2 you earn above the 

limit. We have enclosed a worksheet to show how we applied the earnings limit to 

your earnings to figure your benefits. 

Admin. R. 45. 

2 As noted in the SSA’s letter, the earnings limit for 2008 was $13,560.00 and Cohan’s employer 

reported that Cohan had earned $39,946.00. 

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of her obligation to report any changes in her income or employment status, her right to appeal its 

overpayment determination, and her right to seek a waiver of the overpayment recovery.

C. 2009 Overpayment

On August 26, 2009, the SSA sent Cohan another letter stating that, assuming Cohan’s 

2009 income would be the same as her reported income of $39,946.00 in 2008, Cohan’s earnings 

would exceed the earnings limit for 2009, which was $14,160.00. Based on this information, the 

SSA had determined that Cohan had received $11,011.00 in excess benefits between January and 

August 2009. Additionally, the letter explained that the SSA would cease Cohan’s monthly 

payments until it had recovered “the money [the SSA] incorrectly paid [Cohan]” in 2009 and then 

continue to withhold Cohan’s benefits payments to “collect the money [the SSA] overpaid 

[Cohan].” Admin. R. 329. The letter further emphasized that this calculated amount was based 

on Cohan’s expected earnings for 2009, and that the SSA would use Cohan’s actual reported 

earnings at the end of the year to make its final determination as to how much Cohan was overpaid 

or what benefits were due to Cohan that she did not receive but was entitled to receive in 2009. 

D. Cohan Seeks Waiver of the Overpayment Recovery

Cohan did not appeal the SSA’s determination that she received an overpayment in 2007, 

nor did she seek a waiver of that overpayment. She did, however, file a timely request for 

reconsideration appealing the SSA’s decisions determining that she received overpayments in 

2008 and 2009 and requesting a waiver from the SSA’s recovery of those overpayments. Cohan’s 

claims were denied initially and again upon reconsideration. Cohan then requested a hearing,

which was held before Administrative Law Judge K. Michael Foley (“ALJ Foley”) on May 9, 

2011. On July 18, 2011, ALJ Foley issued an unfavorable decision, finding that Cohan was 

overpaid $24,204.00 in benefits between 2007 and 2009 due to her reported earnings during those 

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periods. Further, ALJ Foley declined to waive recovery of the overpayment, finding that Cohan 

was not “without fault” due to the “untruthful” and “inconsistent” statements Cohan made during 

the hearing. Admin. R. 19. 

The Appeals Council denied Cohan’s request for review of ALJ Foley’s decision, and

Cohan sought relief in federal court under 42 U.S.C. § 405(g). In response, the Commissioner 

moved for a voluntary remand to allow for additional development of essential factual issues that 

remained unresolved and for reconsideration of Cohan’s case under the proper standard of review, 

which the district court granted. On March 11, 2015, the Appeals Council issued a remand order 

vacating ALJ Foley’s decision and specifying the appropriate standard of review to be used in the 

new hearing as follows:

Upon remand, the Administrative Law Judge will evaluate the record to assess 

whether the evidence shows that the claimant reported her work activities and

earnings to the field office during the overpayment period and, if not, whether her 

failure to report or accept an erroneous payment was due to one of the specific 

circumstances articulated under 20 CFR 404 .510.

Admin. R. 459. 

ALJ Paul Yerian (“the ALJ”) held a hearing on July 25, 2016, at which Cohan appeared 

and testified. On May 3, 2017, the ALJ issued an unfavorable decision, finding that Cohan was 

overpaid benefits in the amount of $24,204.00 and that waiver was not appropriate. Cohan 

appealed the ALJ’s decision to the Appeals Council, which denied her request for review on 

November 14, 2017. Accordingly, the ALJ’s decision became the Commissioner’s final decision. 

Cohan sought review of the ALJ’s decision in the United States District Court for the 

Southern District of Ohio. The magistrate judge issued a report and recommendation 

recommending that that the district court enter judgment in favor of the Commissioner, finding 

that the ALJ’s decision was supported by substantial evidence. Despite Cohan’s objections to the 

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magistrate judge’s recommendation, the district court adopted the report and recommendation, 

affirmed the Commissioner’s decision, and dismissed Cohan’s case. Cohan filed a timely appeal.

A. Standard of Review

We review de novo an appeal from a district court’s order concerning social security 

benefits, however, our review is limited to determining whether the ALJ’s underlying findings are 

supported by substantial evidence. Valley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 427 F.3d 388, 390 (6th Cir. 

2005). An ALJ’s decision is supported by substantial evidence where a “reasonable mind might 

accept the relevant evidence as adequate to support a conclusion.” Blakley v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec.,

581 F.3d 399, 406 (6th Cir. 2009) (quoting Warner v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 375 F.3d 387, 390 (6th 

Cir. 2004)). We “will not try the case de novo, resolve conflicts in evidence, or decide questions 

of credibility.” Stankoski v. Astrue, 532 F. App’x 614, 618 (6th Cir. 2013) (citing Smith v. Halter, 

307 F.3d 377, 379 (6th Cir. 2001)). Accordingly, we may affirm even if the record could support 

an opposing conclusion. Hernandez v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 644 F. App’x 468, 473 (6th Cir. 

2016).

B. Statutory Framework

Under the Act, when a claimant receives an overpayment of social security benefits, 

“proper adjustment or recovery shall be made.” 42 U.S.C. § 404(a)(1). An overpayment occurs 

when the amount of benefits paid to a claimant exceeds the amount of benefits the claimant was 

entitled to receive under the Act. 20 C.F.R. § 404.501(a). The amount of the overpayment is the 

difference between the amount paid to the claimant and the amount the claimant was entitled to 

receive. 20 C.F.R. § 404.504. 

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There are two types of overpayments: an “entitlement overpayment” and a “deduction 

overpayment.” An entitlement overpayment occurs when an individual receives a benefit payment 

under the Act even though the “individual [] fails to meet one or more requirements for entitlement 

to such payment” or the benefit payment amount is greater than the amount the individual is 

entitled to receive. 20 C.F.R. § 404.510a. A deduction overpayment occurs when the amount of 

benefits a claimant is entitled to decreases––due to a change in the claimant’s employment status, 

for example––but the claimant still receives the full amount of benefits. Id. § 404.415(c); see also 

id. § 404.423. 

If an overpayment has been made, “there shall be no adjustment of payments to, or recovery 

by the United States from, any person who is without fault if such adjustment or recovery would 

defeat the purpose of this subchapter or would be against equity and good conscience.” 42 U.S.C. 

§ 404(b)(1). A claimant is considered “without fault” unless the overpayment resulted from: 

(a) An incorrect statement made by the individual which he knew or should have 

known to be incorrect; or

(b) Failure to furnish information which he knew or should have known to be 

material; or

(c) With respect to the overpaid individual only, acceptance of a payment which he 

either knew or could have been expected to know was incorrect.

20 C.F.R. § 404.507. If it is determined that a claimant is “without fault” for an overpayment, the 

ALJ must then determine whether “adjustment or recovery would defeat the purpose of [the Act] 

or would be against equity and good conscience.” 42 U.S.C. § 404(b)(1).

If a claimant is deemed at fault, she is not entitled to waiver of the overpayment and the 

Act mandates that the SSA seek recovery of the overpaid benefits and cease benefit payments to 

the claimant until the claimant has either refunded the overpayment or the amount of the 

overpayment has been withheld from the claimant’s benefits. 42 U.S.C. § 404(a)(1); 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.502(a). 

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C. Recovery of the Overpayment of Benefits Incurred Prior to July 2008

The ALJ determined that Cohan was not at fault in causing or accepting the overpayment 

made prior to July 2008. The ALJ further concluded, however, that recovery of the overpayment 

does not defeat the purpose of the Act and is not against equity or good conscience, rending waiver 

of the overpayment made prior to July 2008 inappropriate. We find that substantial evidence in 

the administrative record supports the ALJ’s determination and accordingly affirm. 

Whether Recovery of the Overpayment Defeats the Purpose of the Act

Cohan contends that the ALJ ignored substantial evidence that supports a finding that 

recovery of any overpayments made prior to July 2008 would defeat the purpose of the Act, thus 

entitling her to a waiver of the overpayments under 42 U.S.C. § 404(b). An adjustment or recovery 

defeats the purpose of the Act if it would “deprive a person of income required for ordinary and 

necessary living expenses.” 20 C.F.R. § 404.508(a). Further, an “[a]djustment or recovery will 

defeat the purposes of [the Act] in (but is not limited to) situations where the person from whom 

recovery is sought needs substantially all of his current income (including social security monthly 

benefits) to meet current ordinary and necessary living expenses.” Id. § 404.508(b). Upon review 

of Cohan’s current income and ordinary and necessary living expenses, the ALJ found that Cohan 

has an income sufficient to cover more than her ordinary and necessary needs. Accordingly, the 

ALJ concluded that recovery of the overpayment incurred prior to July 2008 does not defeat the 

purpose of the Act. 

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Cohan first asserts that the ALJ improperly excluded evidence regarding her legal fees 

under 42 U.S.C. § 406(a) and 20 C.F.R. § 404.508(a)(4).3 The Commissioner argues that the ALJ 

properly determined that, because there was no evidence in the record that the SSA had approved 

the fee agreement between Cohan and her counsel, the legal debt she claimed is not presently a 

valid debt. We agree with the Commissioner. 

Under the Act, an attorney must obtain the SSA’s authorization prior to charging or 

collecting legal fees in connection with a proceeding before the SSA. 42 U.S.C. § 406(a). The 

Act states that “[t]he Commissioner of Social Security may, by rule and regulation, prescribe the 

maximum fees which may be charged for services performed in connection with any claim before 

the Commissioner of Social Security under this subchapter, and any agreement in violation of such 

rules and regulations shall be void.” Id. § 406(a)(1); see also Culbertson v. Berryhill, 139 S. Ct. 

517, 520 (2019) (noting that id. § 406 regulates the fees attorneys may charge under Title II of the 

Social Security Act). As there is no evidence that the SSA has approved the legal fees Cohan 

claims she owes, Cohan is not presently obligated to repay any legal fees in connection with her 

proceedings before the SSA. Thus, the ALJ properly declined to consider the alleged legal fees in 

his calculation of whether the overpayment recovery would defeat the purpose of the Act. 

Additionally, Cohan argues that the ALJ failed to consider substantial evidence regarding 

her financial position at the time of her first hearing. When conducting a “defeat the purpose” 

assessment, the ALJ must evaluate the claimant’s “current” income with financial information that 

3 Cohan additionally argues that district court’s conclusion that consideration of her legal fees was 

improper when calculating her “ordinary and necessary expenses” pursuant to 20 C.F.R. 

§ 404.508(a)(4) “denies [Cohan’s] right to legal representation, due process, and is an abuse of 

discretion.” Appellant’s Br. 43. Any arguments Cohan raises asking us to directly review the 

district court’s decision, rather than that of the ALJ, are erroneous. Perry v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 

734 F. App’x 335, 339 (6th Cir. 2018). Accordingly, we decline to address this argument.

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is “no more than 1 year old when the waiver decision is made.” Dept. of Health and Human 

Services, Program Operations Manual System, GN 02250.115(A)(1) (1998). This procedural 

requirement is also reflected in the Appeals Council’s order vacating ALJ Foley’s decision and 

remanding the matter for reconsideration. In its order, the Appeals Council specified that “[i]f the 

[ALJ] ultimately concludes that the claimant was without fault” the ALJ’s analysis requires the

“solicit[ation of] updated financial information from the claimant along with corroborative 

evidence to confirm the alleged income, assets, and expense amounts” to determine whether the 

“repayment of the overpayment would deprive her of income required for her necessary and 

ordinary living expenses.” Admin. R. 459. Therefore, the ALJ appropriately considered only the 

financial records reflecting Cohan’s current financial state.

Whether Recovery of the Overpayment is Against Equity and Good Conscience

Cohan next argues that she is entitled to a waiver of recovery of the overpayments predating 

July 2008 pursuant to 42 U.S.C. § 404(b)(1) as it is against equity and good conscience because 

Cohan changed her financial position based on the SSA’s notices that her benefits would 

recommence, citing 20 C.F.R. § 404.509 as support for her position. Recovery of an overpayment 

is against equity and good conscience if the claimant “[c]hanged his or her position for the worse 

. . . or relinquished a valuable right . . . because of reliance upon a notice that a payment would be 

made or because of the overpayment itself.” Id. § 404.509(a)(1). Additionally, recovery of an 

overpayment is against equity and good conscience if a claimant demonstrates that she accepted 

the overpayment based on her reliance on “erroneous information from an official source within 

the [SSA] . . . with respect to the interpretation of a pertinent provision of the Social Security Act.” 

Id. § 404.510(b). “In reaching such a determination, the individual’s financial circumstances are 

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irrelevant.” Adams v. Sec’y of Health & Human Servs., No. 89-3014, 1989 WL 139565, at *4 (6th 

Cir. 1989) (Kennedy, J., concurring); see also 20 C.F.R. § 404.509(b). 

The ALJ determined that recovery of the overpayment made to Cohan prior to July 2008 

was not against equity and good conscience. Specifically, the ALJ concluded that Cohan failed to 

present evidence establishing that she incurred a financial obligation that changed her position for 

the worse or that she relinquished a valuable right, privilege, claim, or entitlement in reliance upon 

receipt of the benefit payment. 

Cohan argues that she changed her financial position due to a reasonable reliance on the 

SSA’s notices that her benefits would recommence, pointing to evidence that she used her benefits 

to pay for fees associated with her son’s extracurricular activities. Cohan insists that her receipts 

evidencing her purchase of equipment associated with her son’s extracurricular activities are 

equivalent to a financial obligation created in a purchase agreement. For support, Cohan points to 

the following example provided in the SSA regulation: 

A widow, having been awarded benefits for herself and daughter, entered her 

daughter in private school because the monthly benefits made this possible. After 

the widow and her daughter received payments for almost a year, the deceased 

worker was found to be not insured and all payments to the widow and child were 

incorrect. The widow has no other funds with which to pay the daughter’s private 

school expenses. Having entered the daughter in private school and thus incurred 

a financial obligation toward which the benefits had been applied, she was in a 

worse position financially than if she and her daughter had never been entitled to 

benefits. In this situation, the recovery of the payments would be against equity 

and good conscience.

20 C.F.R. § 404.509, Example 1. 

In the example, the widow “entered her daughter in private school because the monthly 

benefits made this possible” and “has no other funds with which to pay the daughter’s private 

school expenses.” Id. Thus, the widow entered into a financial obligation she otherwise could not 

have entered into but for the award of benefits. Conversely, at the second hearing Cohan testified 

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that she paid for her son’s sports activities because she wanted to enable her son to “maintain his 

athletic stance” and that her son “was in multiple sports,” which indicates that she had paid for 

these activities while receiving benefits in 2006 without receiving the additional monthly income 

Cohan began receiving via her employment. Admin. R. 894. Additionally, the “receipts” Cohan 

points to as evidence of this obligation are from 2015, indicating she was able to—and chose to—

continue making payments related to her son’s extracurricular activities after her benefit payments 

ceased. 

Further, the widow’s overpayment is an entitlement overpayment, as the SSA determined 

she was not entitled to receive any benefits. Here, however, Cohan’s overpayment is a deduction 

overpayment, and the amount of benefits she was entitled to receive was reduced due to the income 

she earned. This income provided Cohan with additional funds that exceeded the amount of the 

overpayment she incurred.

4

 Thus, unlike the widow in the example, whose overpayment resulted 

in a loss of all the funds she relied upon to pay for the tuition, Cohan received additional income 

between 2007 and 2008 that exceeded the overpayment amount that could be allotted to cover the 

payments she made in support of her son’s sports activities. Accordingly, we find that substantial 

evidence supports the ALJ’s conclusion that Cohan did not “incur a financial obligation . . . 

changing her position for the worse” that would make recovery of the overpayment inequitable. 

Admin. R. 287.

D. Recovery of the Overpayment of Benefits Incurred After July 2008

The ALJ found Cohan at fault for causing or accepting the overpayments incurred after 

July 2008. Cohan opposes this determination, arguing that, under 20 C.F.R. § 404.510(g), she is 

4 Cohan had access to more funds in 2007 than she did in 2006, as the SSA only withheld “$1 in 

benefits for every $2 [Cohan] earn[ed] above the [earnings] limit.” Admin. R. 45.

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entitled to a finding of “without fault” regarding the overpayments incurred after her receipt of the 

July 15, 2008 letter because she believed in good faith that she was entitled to the SSA benefits 

she received once the hold on her benefits ceased. Specifically, Cohan contends that a reasonable 

person would believe they were entitled to use the benefits received after an assessed overpayment 

was repaid via the withholding of benefits and benefit payments then recommenced. 

The ALJ found that Cohan’s receipt of the July 15, 2008 letter, which explained that her 

benefits were subject to a general yearly earnings limit and specified the limit imposed in 2007, 

put her on notice that that her employment status could cause an overpayment. In light of the 

SSA’s notice that her benefits were subject to a yearly earnings limit, we find that Cohan did not 

have a good-faith basis to believe that, given her continued employment and increasing salary, she 

was somehow again entitled to the same amount of benefits she received during the year she was 

unemployed. Despite her continued receipt of benefit checks in the same amount as those she 

received prior to the July 2008 letter and failure to return them, Cohan argues that she is without 

fault because the SSA did not send her a formal request for her earnings information and she was 

in contact with her local SSA office. This evidence, which the ALJ considered in making his 

decision, does not negate the ALJ’s finding that Cohan was at fault for the overpayment incurred 

after July 2008. Because Cohan’s situation involves a deduction payment, she was required to 

exercise a high degree of care in determining whether the benefits she received were correct in 

light of her work activity. See 20 C.F.R. §§ 404.423, 404.511(a). Accordingly, we find that 

Cohan’s failure to return the benefits checks in light of the information she possessed regarding 

her income and the yearly earnings limit supports the ALJ’s finding that Cohan failed to exercise 

a high degree of care, thus rendering her at fault for the overpayment under 20 C.F.R. § 404.511. 

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Additionally, Cohan argues that the SSA’s destruction of some of Cohan’s records during 

a computer upgrade, failure to respond to her alleged Freedom of Information Act request, decision 

to withhold her son’s benefits, and inability to provide her with an accurate representation of the 

overpayment owed render Cohan without fault for the overpayment. Each of these arguments 

attempts to shift blame to the SSA for the overpayments Cohan incurred. The “fault” 

determination at issue, however, only applies to the individual claimant. 20 C.F.R. § 404.507. 

“Although the Administration may have been at fault in making the overpayment, that fact does 

not relieve the overpaid individual or any other individual from whom the Administration seeks to 

recover the overpayment from liability for repayment if such individual is not without fault.” Id. 

Moreover, as none of these arguments were raised before the district court and were instead raised 

for the first time on appeal, we decline to address them further. Ealy v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec., 594 

F.3d 504, 513 (6th Cir. 2010).

Because we find that substantial evidence supports the ALJ’s finding that Cohan was at 

fault for the overpayments incurred after July 2008, we need not address her contention that 

recovery of those overpayments would defeat the purpose of the Act or be against equity and good 

conscience. Further, as Cohan did not challenge the overpayment amount during the proceedings 

before the district court, we need not address any arguments she raises as to that issue on appeal. 

Id. 

E. Due Process Violation

Finally, Cohan argues that the SSA violated her Fifth Amendment right to procedural due 

process because the “SSA never provided her notice and opportunity to be heard or respond before 

notifying her that she had an overpayment.” Appellant’s Br. 61. Cohan goes on to assert that the 

SSA violated her due process rights when it concluded that she incurred multiple overpayments of 

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her mother’s benefits without providing her with adequate notice of the applicable yearly earnings 

limitations or accurate calculations of each assessed overpayment. 

Cohan’s due process claim is without merit. From the day she submitted her application 

she was on notice that she had an ongoing, affirmative duty to report her earnings to the SSA. 

Further, as the district court opined, the SSA notified Cohan each time it assessed that she had 

received an overpayment; explained how the overpayment was calculated, which included specific 

information regarding the applicable yearly earnings limit and how much income Cohan’s 

employer reported she had earned to the SSA; and informed Cohan of her right to appeal the 

overpayment assessment or seek a waiver of the overpayment recovery. Cohan v. Berryhill, No. 

2:18-CV-24, 2019 WL 1649322, at *9 (S.D. Ohio Apr. 17, 2019). Moreover, each overpayment 

notice explained that if Cohan appealed the overpayment assessment or requested a waiver within 

thirty days of receiving the notice she would not be required to repay the overpayment until the 

SSA rendered a decision regarding her case and her benefits would not be withheld during the 

determination period. Thus, the SSA provided Cohan with ample time to respond to the notice 

before withholding or terminating her benefits. 

For the foregoing reasons, we conclude that the ALJ’s decision to deny Cohan’s request 

for waiver of overpayment recovery is supported by substantial evidence and thus AFFIRM the

judgment of the district court.

 Case: 19-3453 Document: 14-2 Filed: 02/03/2020 Page: 16