Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca3-09-02642/USCOURTS-ca3-09-02642-0/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Juan Mota
Appellant
United States of America
Appellee

Document Text:

NOT PRECEDENTIAL

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE THIRD CIRCUIT

_____________

No. 09-2642

_____________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

v.

JUAN MOTA,

 Appellant

_____________

On Appeal from the District Court of the Virgin Islands 

(D.C. Nos. 3-00-cr-00722-001 and 3-04-cv-00071)

District Judge: Curtis V. Gomez

_______________

Submitted Under Third Circuit LAR 34.1(a)

May 6, 2010

Before: SMITH, CHAGARES and JORDAN, Circuit Judges.

(Filed: May 11, 2010)

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OPINION OF THE COURT

_______________

JORDAN, Circuit Judge.

Juan Mota appeals from a judgment of the District Court of the Virgin Islands of

the United States sentencing him to ten years’ imprisonment. His attorney has filed a

brief pursuant to Anders v. California, 386 U.S. 738 (1967), and Third Circuit Local

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 The record contains no dry weight for the drugs. 

1

 Count two alleged that Mota and Santo “did knowingly possess with intent to 2

distribute more than five kilograms of cocaine” in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841. (App. at

3). 

2

Appellate Rule 109.2(a) claiming that this appeal presents no non-frivolous issues and

seeking leave to withdraw. For the reasons that follow, we will affirm the District

Court’s judgment of sentence and grant counsel’s motion to withdraw. 

I. Background

On November 18, 2000, Mota and his co-conspirator, Jesus Espirito Santo, were

arrested after United States Customs agents foiled their attempt to smuggle cocaine into

the Virgin Islands on a small motorboat. Their arrests occurred after a brief chase, during

which the vessel they had been using collided with a craft operated by Customs agents

and then filled with water and capsized. The agents eventually retrieved the men and 160

bricks of cocaine from the water. In all, the cocaine weighed approximately 191

kilograms when wet. 

1

Both men were named as defendants in a two-count indictment filed in the District

Court. Mota and Santo entered into plea negotiations with the government and ultimately

agreed to plead guilty to count one, which charged both men with “knowingly and

intentionally conspir[ing] ... to possess with intent to distribute more than five kilograms

of cocaine” in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 841 and 846. (App. at 2.) The government

agreed to dismiss the second count. 

2

Case: 09-2642 Document: 003110138613 Page: 2 Date Filed: 05/11/2010
 The plea agreement was executed pursuant to Rule 11(e)(1)(C) of the Federal Rules 3

of Criminal Procedure. The provision governing the agreement now appears at Rule

11(c)(1)(C) and states: 

[A] plea agreement may specify that an attorney for the government will ...

agree that a specific sentence or sentencing range is the appropriate

disposition of the case, or that a particular provision of the Sentencing

Guidelines, or policy statement, or sentencing factor does or does not apply

(such a recommendation or request binds the court once the court accepts

the plea agreement.). 

FED. R. CRIM. P. 11(c)(1)(C) 

3

The offense to which Mota and Santo pled guilty carried with it a mandatory

minimum sentence of ten years’ imprisonment and a maximum sentence of life

imprisonment. As part of the plea agreement, the government agreed to recommend a

sentence of ten years. The plea agreement, including the sentencing recommendation,

was to be binding at sentencing, provided that the District Court accepted the plea. 

3

The District Court accepted the plea and instructed the probation office to prepare

a pre-sentence report prior to the sentencing hearing. During the pre-sentence

investigation, Mota told the probation officer that he was in fact innocent. He claimed

that, on the night of his arrest, he had not been present on the boat carrying the illicit

drugs but had actually been fishing in another boat with a friend. He indicated that his

fishing boat was inadvertently destroyed by the Customs agents during their pursuit of the

actual drug smugglers and that, when the agents pulled him from the water, they

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4

mistakenly identified him as the person they had been chasing. The actual smugglers, he

claimed, successfully eluded the agents. 

At the sentencing hearing, the District Court expressed concern over the statements

that Mota had made to the probation officer. However, Mota did not request to withdraw

his guilty plea, nor did he assert to the Court that he was innocent of the crime to which

he had pled guilty. Further, counsel for both Mota and the government agreed that the

evidence against Mota was “overwhelming” (App. at 61, 63) and that no basis existed for

the withdrawal of his plea. 

During his allocution, Mota expressed displeasure with his trial counsel and stated

that he wanted to be represented at sentencing by another attorney whom he had already

contacted. However, that attorney was not actually present at the hearing, and neither

Mota nor his counsel of record could identify any reason warranting substitution of

counsel. Therefore, the Court denied the request and sentenced Mota to a term of

imprisonment of ten years, in accordance with the plea agreement. 

Mota wished to appeal, but his trial attorney failed to do so in a timely manner. 

Mota filed a pro se motion pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2255 claiming ineffective assistance

of counsel. The District Court conducted a hearing in connection with that motion, at

which Mota was represented by a second attorney. The Court granted Mota’s motion, resentenced him, and he then filed this timely appeal. Thereafter, Mota’s second attorney

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 The District Court had jurisdiction under 18 U.S.C. § 3231 and 48 U.S.C. § 1612(a). 4

Jurisdiction in this Court is proper pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1291 and 18 U.S.C. § 3742. 

5

filed the Anders brief before us now, claiming that no non-frivolous issues remain to be

heard on appeal and seeking leave to withdraw. 

II. Discussion 

4

Under Third Circuit Local Appellate Rule 109.2(a), “[w]here, upon review of the

district court record, counsel is persuaded that [an] appeal presents no issue of even

arguable merit, counsel may file a motion to withdraw and supporting brief pursuant to

Anders v. California.” In considering whether to grant the relief sought by an Anders

brief, our inquiry is “twofold: (1) whether counsel adequately fulfilled the ...

requirements [of Rule 109.2(a)]; and (2) whether an independent review of the record

presents any nonfrivolous issues.” United States v. Youla, 241 F.3d 296, 300 (3d Cir.

2001).

To satisfy Rule 109.2(a), an Anders brief must (1) “satisfy the court that counsel

has thoroughly examined the record in search of appealable issues,” and (2) “explain why

the issues are frivolous.” Id. Counsel has submitted to our Court a seventeen-page brief,

complete with citations to the record, recounting the factual and procedural background

of the case. The brief convinces us that counsel has thoroughly examined the record in

search of appealable issues. 

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6

Counsel’s inspection of the record led him to identify three potentially appealable

issues: (1) whether Mota was unaware of the implications associated with his choice to

plead guilty, thus rendering his plea deficient; (2) whether the Court abused its discretion

by failing to conduct a more searching inquiry into Mota’s guilt after he indicated to the

probation officer that he was innocent; and (3) whether the sentence was reasonable. 

Counsel’s Anders brief adequately illustrates the frivolity of each of these issues. 

Counsel first contends, and we agree, that Mota’s plea could not support a nonfrivolous appeal because the District Court conducted a satisfactory colloquy pursuant to

Rule 11 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, which illustrates that Mota’s plea

was knowing and voluntary. See Parke v. Raley, 506 U.S. 20, 28 (1992) (explaining that,

to be valid, a “guilty plea must be both knowing and voluntary.”). Mota conceded that his

plea was his “own free and voluntary act” (App. at 50), and the Court ensured that Mota

understood his trial rights before accepting his guilty plea. Mota could not maintain an

appeal challenging the validity of his plea because the colloquy shows that he understood

the various options available to him and, in light of that knowledge, chose to plead guilty

anyway. See Park, 506 U.S. at 29 (indicating that a knowing and voluntary plea is one

that “represents a voluntary and intelligent choice among the alternative courses of action

open to the defendant” (quotations omitted)). 

We also concur with counsel’s assessment that the District Court did not err by

proceeding with sentencing despite Mota’s sudden claim of innocence to the probation

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7

officer. The government’s evidence placed Mota red-handed at the scene of the crime. 

After a boat chase destroyed the vessel within which Mota and his co-conspirator were

traveling, Customs agents pulled him from the water, where he had been floating

alongside 160 bricks of cocaine. Indeed, his trial counsel properly described the evidence

against him as “overwhelming.” (App. at 61.) Moreover, Mota admitted to this criminal

conduct at the time of his guilty plea and never actually asserted his innocence directly to

the Court. Under these circumstances, the District Court had no cause to believe that any

fair and just reason existed for the withdrawal of Mota’s guilty plea. See FED. R. CRIM. P.

11(d) (“A defendant may withdraw a plea of guilty ... after the court accepts the plea, but

before it imposes sentence if ... the defendant can show a fair and just reason for

requesting the withdrawal.”); United States v. Jones, 336 F.3d 245, 252 (3d Cir. 2003)

(explaining that a court must consider three factors when determining whether a fair and

just reason for withdrawal exists: “(1) whether the defendant asserts his innocence; (2)

the strength of the defendant’s reasons for withdrawing the plea; and (3) whether the

government would be prejudiced by the withdrawal.”). 

Finally, counsel argues that Mota’s sentence was reasonable because Mota and the

government stipulated to the statutory minimum sentence of ten years. The Court

accepted that stipulation at the guilty plea colloquy and sentenced Mota in accordance

with it; therefore, it became binding on the Court. See United States v. Bernard, 373 F.3d

399, 344 (3d Cir. 2004) (holding that “[o]nce the District Court has accepted [a plea

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8

agreement under Rule 11(e)(1)(C)], it is binding.”). This sentence was reasonable in light

of the quantity of drugs with which Mota was apprehended and the possibility that he

could have received a life sentence for his offense. 

Not only are we persuaded by counsel’s reasoning that he has satisfied the

requirements of Rule 109.2(a), but, after conducting our own independent review of the

record, we are unable to identify any other potentially non-frivolous issue to address. It is

therefore appropriate to allow counsel to withdraw.

III. Conclusion

For the foregoing reasons, we will affirm the sentence imposed on Mota by the

District Court and will grant counsel’s request to withdraw. 

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