Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_13-cv-01711/USCOURTS-caed-1_13-cv-01711-1/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Richard Arp
Plaintiff
FedEx Freight, Inc.
Defendant
Israel Flores
Plaintiff
Kelly L. Hall
Plaintiff
Robert Markowitz
Plaintiff
Richard Rodriguez
Plaintiff
Roy Taylor
Plaintiff

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

KELLY L. HALL, RICHARD ARP, 

ISRAEL FLORES, ROBERT 

MARKOWITZ, ROY TAYLOR and 

RICHARD RODRIGUEZ

Plaintiffs,

v.

FEDEX FREIGHT, INC., an Arkansas 

Corporation, and DOES 1 through 25, 

inclusive,

Defendant.

Case No. 1:13-CV-01711-SKO

ORDER GRANTING REQUEST FOR 

STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER

PURSUANT TO THE PARTIES’ STIPULATED PROTECTIVE ORDER (“Stipulation,” 

Doc. 16) filed May 12, 2014, and the Court’s inherent and statutory authority, including but not 

limited to the Court’s authority under the applicable Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and the United 

States District Court, Eastern District of California Local Rules; after due consideration of all of the 

relevant pleadings, papers, and records in this action; and upon such other evidence or argument as 

was presented to the Court; good cause appearing therefor, and in furtherance of the interests of 

justice, the Court issues the following protective order:

Case 1:13-cv-01711-SKO Document 17 Filed 05/13/14 Page 1 of 14
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STIPULATED CONFIDENTIALITY AND PROTECTIVE ORDER

1. PURPOSES AND LIMITATIONS

Disclosure and discovery activity in this action are likely to involve production of 

confidential, proprietary, or private information for which special protection from public disclosure 

and from use for any purpose other than prosecuting this litigation may be warranted, as well as the 

protections of a court order pursuant to FRE 502(d) and (e). Accordingly, the Court enters the 

following Order governing the return of inadvertently produced documents and data and affording 

them the protections of FRE 502(d) and (e), on the terms set forth herein. By signing the 

Stipulation, the parties acknowledge that this Order does not confer blanket protections on all 

disclosures or responses to discovery and that the protection it affords from public disclosure and use 

extends only to the limited information or items that are entitled to confidential treatment under the 

applicable legal principles. The parties further acknowledge, as set forth in Section 12.3, below, that 

this Stipulation does not entitle them to file confidential information under seal; Civil Local Rule 

141 sets forth the procedures that must be followed and the standards that will be applied when a 

party seeks permission from the court to file material under seal.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1 ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY Information - “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” is 

defined herein as CONFIDENTIAL which constitutes, discloses, reveals, describes or discusses, in 

whole or in part, a trade secret within the meaning of the California Uniform Trade Secrets Act. 

ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY information may only be viewed by Plaintiffs’ Counsel of Record and 

not by Plaintiffs or any other person. 

2.2 Challenging Party - A Party or Non-Party that challenges the designation of 

information or items under this Order.

2.3 “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items - Information (regardless of how it is 

generated, stored or maintained) or tangible things that qualify for protection under Federal Rule of 

Civil Procedure 26(c).

2.4 Counsel (without qualifier) - Outside Counsel of Record and In-house Counsel (see 

Section 2.7), as well as their respective support staff.

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2.5 Designating Party - A Party or Non-Party that designates information or items that it 

produces in disclosures or in responses to discovery as “CONFIDENTIAL” or “ATTORNEYS’ 

EYES ONLY.”

2.6 Disclosure or Discovery Material - All items or information, regardless of the 

medium or manner in which it is generated, stored, or maintained (including, among other things, 

testimony, transcripts, and tangible things), that are produced or generated in disclosures or 

responses to discovery in this matter.

2.7 Expert - A person with specialized knowledge or experience in a matter pertinent to 

the litigation who has been retained by a Party or its counsel to serve as an expert witness or as a 

consultant in this action.

2.8 In-house Counsel - Attorneys who are employees of a party to this action. In-house 

Counsel does not include Outside Counsel of Record or any other outside counsel.

2.9 Non-Party - Any natural person, partnership, corporation, association, or other legal 

entity not named as a Party to this action.

2.10 Outside Counsel of Record - Attorneys who are not employees of a party to this 

action but are retained to represent or advise a party to this action and have appeared in this action 

on behalf of that party or are affiliated with a law firm which has appeared on behalf of that party.

2.11 Party - Any party to this action, including all of its officers, directors, employees, 

consultants, retained experts, and Outside Counsel of Record (and their support staffs).

2.12 Producing Party - A Party or Non-Party that produces Disclosure or Discovery 

Material in this action.

2.13 Professional Vendors - Persons or entities that provide litigation support services 

(e.g., photocopying, videotaping, translating, preparing exhibits or demonstrations, and organizing, 

storing, or retrieving data in any form or medium) and their employees and subcontractors.

2.14 Protected Material - Any Disclosure or Discovery Material that is designated as 

“CONFIDENTIAL” or “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY”

2.15 Receiving Party - A Party that receives Disclosure or Discovery Material from a 

Producing Party.

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3. SCOPE

The protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order cover not only Protected Material (as 

defined above), but also (1) any information copied or extracted from Protected Material; (2) all 

copies, excerpts, summaries, or compilations of Protected Material; and (3) any testimony, 

conversations, or presentations by Parties or their Counsel that might reveal Protected Material. 

However, the protections conferred by this Stipulation and Order do not cover the following

information: (a) any information that is in the public domain at the time of disclosure to a Receiving 

Party or becomes part of the public domain after its disclosure to a Receiving Party as a result of 

publication not involving a violation of this Order, including becoming part of the public record 

through trial or otherwise; and (b) any information known to the Receiving Party prior to the 

disclosure or obtained by the Receiving Party after the disclosure from a source who obtained the 

information lawfully and under no obligation of confidentiality to the Designating Party. Any use of 

Protected Material at trial shall be governed by a separate agreement or order.

4. DURATION

Even after final disposition of this litigation, the confidentiality obligations imposed by this 

Order shall remain in effect until a Designating Party agrees otherwise in writing or a court order 

otherwise directs. Final disposition shall be deemed to be the later of (1) dismissal of all claims and 

defenses in this action, with or without prejudice; and (2) final judgment herein after the completion 

and exhaustion of all appeals, rehearings, remands, trials, or reviews of this action, including the 

time limits for filing any motions or applications for extension of time pursuant to applicable law.

5. DESIGNATING PROTECTED MATERIAL

5.1 Exercise of Restraint and Care in Designating Material for Protection. Each Party or 

Non-Party that designates information or items for protection under this Order must take care to 

limit any such designation to specific material that qualifies under the appropriate standards. The 

Designating Party must designate for protection only those parts of material, documents, items, or 

oral or written communications that qualify – so that other portions of the material, documents, 

items, or communications for which protection is not warranted are not swept unjustifiably within 

the ambit of this Order.

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Mass, indiscriminate, or routinized designations are prohibited. Designations that are shown 

to be clearly unjustified or that have been made for an improper purpose (e.g., to unnecessarily 

encumber or retard the case development process or to impose unnecessary expenses and burdens on 

other parties) expose the Designating Party to sanctions.

If it comes to a Designating Party’s attention that information or items that it designated for 

protection do not qualify for protection, the Designating Party must promptly notify all other Parties 

that it is withdrawing the mistaken designation.

5.2 Manner and Timing of Designations. Except as otherwise provided in this Order (see, e.g., 

second paragraph of section 5.2(a) below), or as otherwise stipulated or ordered, Disclosure or 

Discovery Material that qualifies for protection under this Order must be clearly so designated

before the material is disclosed or produced.

Designation in conformity with this Order requires:

(a) for information in documentary form (e.g., paper or electronic documents, but 

excluding transcripts of depositions or other pretrial or trial proceedings), that the Producing Party 

affix the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” or “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” to each page that contains 

protected material. If only a portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the 

Producing Party also must clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate 

markings in the margins).

A Party or Non-Party that makes original documents or materials available for inspection 

need not designate them for protection until after the inspecting Party has indicated which material it 

would like copied and produced. During the inspection and before the designation, all of the 

material made available for inspection shall be deemed “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY.” After the 

inspecting Party has identified the documents it wants copied and produced, the Producing Party 

must determine which documents, or portions thereof, qualify for protection under this Order. Then, 

before producing the specified documents, the Producing Party must affix the “CONFIDENTIAL” 

or “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” legend to each page that contains Protected Material. If only a 

portion or portions of the material on a page qualifies for protection, the Producing Party also must 

clearly identify the protected portion(s) (e.g., by making appropriate markings in the margins).

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(b) for testimony given in deposition or in other pretrial or trial proceedings, that the 

Designating Party identify on the record, before the close of the deposition, hearing, or other 

proceeding, all protected testimony. When it is impractical to identify separately each portion of 

testimony that is entitled to protection, and when it appears that substantial portions of the testimony 

may qualify for protection, the Party or Non-party that sponsors, offers, or gives the testimony may

invoke on the record (before the deposition or proceeding is concluded) a right to have up to 20 days 

after the date of mailing of the final transcript to identify in writing the specific portions of the 

testimony as to which protection is sought. Only those portions of the testimony that are 

appropriately designated for protection within the 20 days shall be covered by the provisions of this 

Stipulated Protective Order. Transcript pages containing Protected Material shall be separately 

bound by the court reporter, who shall affix to each such page the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” or 

“ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY.”

(c) for information produced in some form other than documentary and for any other 

tangible items, that the Producing Party affix in a prominent place on the exterior of the container or 

containers in which the information or item is stored the legend “CONFIDENTIAL” or 

“ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY.” If only a portion or portions of the information or item warrant 

protection, the Producing Party, to the extent practicable, shall identify the protected portion(s).

5.3 Inadvertent Failures to Designate. If timely corrected, an inadvertent failure to 

designate qualified information or items does not, standing alone, waive the Designating Party’s 

right to secure protection under this Order for such material. Upon timely correction of a 

designation, the Receiving Party must make reasonable efforts to assure that the material is treated in 

accordance with the provisions of this Order.

6. CHALLENGING CONFIDENTIALITY DESIGNATIONS

6.1 Timing of Challenges. Any Party or Non-Party may challenge a designation of 

confidentiality at any time. Unless a prompt challenge to a Designating Party’s confidentiality 

designation is necessary to avoid foreseeable, substantial unfairness, unnecessary economic burdens, 

or a significant disruption or delay of the litigation, a Party does not waive its right to challenge a 

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confidentiality designation by electing not to mount a challenge promptly after the original 

designation is disclosed.

6.2 Meet and Confer. The Challenging Party shall initiate the dispute resolution process 

by providing written notice of each designation it is challenging and describing the basis for each 

challenge. To avoid ambiguity as to whether a challenge has been made, the written notice must 

recite that the challenge to confidentiality is being made in accordance with this specific paragraph 

of the Protective Order. The parties shall attempt to resolve each challenge in good faith and must 

begin the process by conferring directly (in voice to voice dialogue; other forms of communication 

are not sufficient) within 14 days of the date of service of notice. In conferring, the Challenging 

Party must explain the basis for its belief that the confidentiality designation was not proper and 

must give the Designating Party an opportunity to review the designated material, to reconsider the 

circumstances, and, if no change in designation is offered, to explain the basis for the chosen 

designation. A Challenging Party may proceed to the next stage of the challenge process only if it 

has engaged in this meet and confer process first or establishes that the Designating Party is 

unwilling to participate in the meet and confer process in a timely manner.

6.3 Judicial Intervention. If the Parties cannot resolve a challenge without court 

intervention, the Designating Party shall file and serve a motion to retain confidentiality within 21 

days of the initial notice of challenge or within 14 days of the parties agreeing that the meet and 

confer process will not resolve their dispute, whichever is earlier. Each such motion must be 

accompanied by a competent declaration affirming that the movant has complied with the meet and 

confer requirements imposed in the preceding paragraph. Failure by the Designating Party to make 

such a motion including the required declaration within 21 days (or 14 days, if applicable) shall 

automatically waive the confidentiality designation for each challenged designation. In addition, the 

Challenging Party may file a motion challenging a confidentiality designation at any time if there is 

good cause for doing so, including a challenge to the designation of a deposition transcript or any 

portions thereof. Any motion brought pursuant to this provision must be accompanied by a 

competent declaration affirming that the movant has complied with the meet and confer 

requirements imposed by the preceding paragraph.

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The burden of persuasion in any such challenge proceeding shall be on the Designating 

Party. Frivolous challenges, and those made for an improper purpose (e.g., to harass or impose 

unnecessary expenses and burdens on other parties) may expose the Challenging Party to sanctions. 

Unless the Designating Party has waived the confidentiality designation by failing to file a motion to 

retain confidentiality as described above, all parties shall continue to afford the material in question 

the level of protection to which it is entitled under the Producing Party’s designation until the court 

rules on the challenge.

7. ACCESS TO AND USE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL

7.1 Basic Principles. A Receiving Party may use Protected Material that is disclosed or 

produced by another Party or by a Non-Party in connection with this case only for prosecuting, 

defending, or attempting to settle this litigation. Such Protected Material may be disclosed only to 

the categories of persons and under the conditions described in this Order. When the litigation has 

been terminated, a Receiving Party must comply with the provisions of Section 13 below (Final 

Disposition). CONFIDENTIAL or ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY information shall not be used or 

disclosed for any purpose whatsoever except the conduct of this litigation, and then only once 

appropriate protections have been put in place.

Protected Material must be stored and maintained by a Receiving Party at a location and in a 

secure manner that ensures that access is limited to the persons authorized under this Order.

7.2 Disclosure of “CONFIDENTIAL” Information or Items. Unless otherwise ordered 

by the court or permitted in writing by the Designating Party, a Receiving Party may disclose any 

information or item designated “CONFIDENTIAL” only to:

(a) the Receiving Party’s Outside Counsel of Record in this action, as well as 

employees of said Outside Counsel of Record to whom it is reasonably necessary to disclose the 

information for this litigation and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be 

Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A;

(b) the officers, directors, and employees (including In-house Counsel) of the 

Receiving Party to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation and who have signed 

the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);

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(c) Experts (as defined in this Order) of the Receiving Party to whom disclosure is 

reasonably necessary for this litigation and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement 

to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);

(d) the court and its personnel;

(e) court reporters and their staff, professional jury or trial consultants, mock jurors, 

and Professional Vendors to whom disclosure is reasonably necessary for this litigation and who 

have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A);

(f) during their depositions, witnesses in the action to whom disclosure is reasonably 

necessary and who have signed the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to Be Bound” (Exhibit A), 

unless otherwise agreed by the Designating Party or ordered by the court. Pages of transcribed 

deposition testimony or exhibits to depositions that reveal Protected Material must be separately 

bound by the court reporter and may not be disclosed to anyone except as permitted under this 

Stipulated Protective Order; and

(g) the author or recipient of a document containing the information or a custodian or 

other person who otherwise possessed or knew the information.

7.3 Disclosure of “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” Information. Plaintiffs’ counsel of 

record may not disclose information designated as ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY to any other 

individual, including his clients, except that Court personnel, including any court reporter designated 

to hear testimony in the case may be allowed to view information marked ATTORNEYS’ EYES 

ONLY with the consent of both parties.

7.4 Copies, Extracts, or Summaries of information designated “CONFIDENTIAL”. No 

person shall make copies, extracts or summaries of information designated “CONFIDENTIAL”

except under the supervision of counsel when, in the judgment of counsel, such copies or other 

papers are necessary for the conduct of this litigation. Each such copy or other paper shall be 

conspicuously marked with an appropriate legend signifying confidential status. Counsel and all 

persons to whom CONFIDENTIAL information is disclosed shall take reasonable and appropriate 

precautions to avoid loss and/or inadvertent disclosure of such material. 

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7.4 Copies, Extracts, or Summaries of information designated “ATTORNEYS’ EYES 

ONLY”. No person shall make copies, extracts or summaries of information designated 

“ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” without the express permission of the designating party.

7.5 Hearings. In the event that any CONFIDENTIAL or “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY”

information is used in any public hearing in this action, the information shall not lose its confidential 

and privileged status through such use, and counsel shall take all steps reasonably required to protect 

the confidentiality of such information.

8. PROTECTED MATERIAL SUBPOENAED OR ORDERED PRODUCED IN OTHER 

LITIGATION 

If a Party is served with a subpoena or a court order issued in other litigation that compels 

disclosure of any information or items designated in this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” or 

“ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” that Party must: 

(a) promptly notify in writing the Designating Party. Such notification shall include a 

copy of the subpoena or court order; 

(b) promptly notify in writing the party who caused the subpoena or order to issue in 

the other litigation that some or all of the material covered by the subpoena or order is subject to this 

Protective Order. Such notification shall include a copy of this Stipulated Protective Order; and 

(c) cooperate with respect to all reasonable procedures sought to be pursued by the 

Designating Party whose Protected Material may be affected.

If the Designating Party timely seeks a protective order, the Party served with the subpoena 

or court order shall not produce any information designated in this action as “CONFIDENTIAL” or 

“ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY” before a determination by the court from which the subpoena or 

order issued, unless the Party has obtained the Designating Party’s permission. The Designating 

Party shall bear the burden and expense of seeking protection in that court of its confidential material 

– and nothing in these provisions should be construed as authorizing or encouraging a Receiving 

Party in this action to disobey a lawful directive from another court.

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9. A NON-PARTY’S PROTECTED MATERIAL SOUGHT TO BE PRODUCED IN 

THIS LITIGATION 

(a) The terms of this Order are applicable to information produced by a NonParty in this action and designated as “CONFIDENTIAL” or “ATTORNEYS’ EYES ONLY.” Such 

information produced by Non-Parties in connection with this litigation is protected by the remedies 

and relief provided by this Order. Nothing in these provisions should be construed as prohibiting a 

Non-Party from seeking additional protections. 

(b) In the event that a Party is required, by a valid discovery request, to produce a 

Non-Party’s confidential information in its possession, and the Party is subject to an agreement with 

the Non-Party not to produce the Non-Party’s confidential information, then the Party shall: 

(1) promptly notify in writing the Requesting Party and the Non-Party that some or all of 

the information requested is subject to a confidentiality agreement with a Non-Party;

(2) promptly provide the Non-Party with a copy of the Stipulated Protective Order in this 

litigation, the relevant discovery request(s), and a reasonably specific description of the information 

requested; and 

(3) make the information requested available for inspection by the Non-Party. 

(c) If the Non-Party fails to object or seek a protective order from this court 

within 14 days of receiving the notice and accompanying information, the Receiving Party may 

produce the Non-Party’s confidential information responsive to the discovery request. If the NonParty timely seeks a protective order, the Receiving Party shall not produce any information in its 

possession or control that is subject to the confidentiality agreement with the Non-Party before a 

determination by the court. Absent a court order to the contrary, the Non-Party shall bear the burden 

and expense of seeking protection in this court of its Protected Material.

10. UNAUTHORIZED DISCLOSURE OF PROTECTED MATERIAL

If a Receiving Party learns that, by inadvertence or otherwise, it has disclosed Protected 

Material to any person or in any circumstance not authorized under this Stipulated Protective Order, 

the Receiving Party must immediately (a) notify in writing the Designating Party of the unauthorized 

disclosures, (b) use its best efforts to retrieve all unauthorized copies of the Protected Material, (c) 

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inform the person or persons to whom unauthorized disclosures were made of all the terms of this 

Order, and (d) request such person or persons to execute the “Acknowledgment and Agreement to 

Be Bound” that is attached hereto as Exhibit A.

11. INADVERTENT PRODUCTION OF PRIVILEGED OR OTHERWISE PROTECTED 

MATERIAL

When a Producing Party gives notice to Receiving Parties that certain inadvertently produced 

material is subject to a claim of privilege or other protection, the obligations of the Receiving Parties 

are those set forth in Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 26(b)(5)(B). This provision is not intended to 

modify whatever procedure may be established in an e-discovery order that provides for production 

without prior privilege review. Pursuant to Federal Rule of Evidence 502(d) and (e), insofar as the 

parties reach an agreement on the effect of disclosure of a communication or information covered by 

the attorney-client privilege or work product protection, the parties may incorporate their agreement 

in the stipulated protective order submitted to the court.

12. MISCELLANEOUS

12.1 Right to Further Relief. Nothing in this Order abridges the right of any person to seek 

its modification by the court in the future.

12.2 Right to Assert Other Objections. By stipulating to the entry of this Protective Order 

no Party waives any right it otherwise would have to object to disclosing or producing any 

information or item on any ground not addressed in this Stipulated Protective Order. Similarly, no 

Party waives any right to object on any ground to use in evidence of any of the material covered by 

this Protective Order.

12.3 Filing Protected Material. Without written permission from the Designating Party or 

a court order secured after appropriate notice to all interested persons, a Party may not file in the 

public record in this action any Protected Material. A Party that seeks to file under seal any 

Protected Material must comply with Civil Local Rule 141. Protected Material may only be filed 

under seal pursuant to a court order authorizing the sealing of the specific Protected Material at 

issue. Pursuant to Civil Local Rule 141, a sealing order will issue only upon a request establishing 

that the Protected Material at issue is entitled to protection under applicable law. If a Receiving 

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Party's request to file Protected Material under seal pursuant to Civil Local Rule 141 is denied by the 

court, then the Receiving Party may file the information in the public record pursuant to Civil Local 

Rule 141 unless otherwise instructed by the court.

13. FINAL DISPOSITION

Within 60 days after the final disposition of this action, as defined in Section 4 within 

(Duration), each Receiving Party must return all Protected Material to the Producing Party or destroy 

such material. As used in this subdivision, “all Protected Material” includes all copies, abstracts, 

compilations, summaries, and any other format reproducing or capturing any of the Protected 

Material. Whether the Protected Material is returned or destroyed, the Receiving Party must submit 

a written certification to the Producing Party (and, if not the same person or entity, to the 

Designating Party) by the 60 day deadline that (1) identifies (by category, where appropriate) all the 

Protected Material that was returned or destroyed and (2) affirms that the Receiving Party has not 

retained any copies, abstracts, compilations, summaries or any other format reproducing or capturing 

any of the Protected Material. Notwithstanding this provision, Counsel are entitled to retain an 

archival copy of all pleadings, motion papers, trial, deposition, and hearing transcripts, legal 

memoranda, correspondence, deposition and trial exhibits, expert reports, attorney work product, and 

consultant and expert work product, even if such materials contain Protected Material. Any such 

archival copies that contain or constitute Protected Material remain subject to this Protective Order 

as set forth in Section 4.

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The Court has reviewed the Stipulated Protective Order, and given the likelihood that this 

action will involve the production of trade secrets and confidential records which should be shielded 

from public or other disclosure, finds good cause to issue this protective order, the terms of which 

are set forth above. Fed. R. Civ. P. 26(c). 

Accordingly, the Court HEREBY ORDERS as follows:

1. The Stipulated Protective Order (Doc. 16) is hereby incorporated into this Order; and

2. The Court retains jurisdiction over the confidentiality obligations imposed by the 

Stipulated Protective Order until final disposition of this case, as defined in Section 4 

above.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: May 13, 2014 /s/ Sheila K. Oberto 

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

Case 1:13-cv-01711-SKO Document 17 Filed 05/13/14 Page 14 of 14