Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca8-04-06019/USCOURTS-ca8-04-06019-0/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Larry Harrison
Appellant
Patreka Harrison
Appellant
Singer Asset Finance Company
Appellee

Document Text:

1

The Honorable David P. McDonald, United States Bankruptcy Judge for the

Eastern District of Missouri, sitting by designation.

United States Bankruptcy Appellate Panel

FOR THE EIGHTH CIRCUIT

_________

No. 04-6019SI

_________

In re: *

*

Patreka Harrison and *

Larry Harrison, *

*

Debtors. *

*

Patreka Harrison and * Appeal from the United States

Larry Harrison, * Bankruptcy Court for the

* Southern District of Iowa

Plaintiffs-Appellants. *

*

v. *

*

Singer Asset Finance Company, LLC, *

*

Defendant-Appellee. *

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Submitted: August 26, 2004

Filed: September 30, 2004

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Before MAHONEY, VENTERS and McDONALD1

, Bankruptcy Judges.

_____

Mahoney, Bankruptcy Judge.

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The Honorable Lee Jackwig, United States Bankruptcy Judge for the Southern

District of Iowa.

2

Patreka Harrison (“Harrison”), the debtor in the underlying bankruptcy case,

appeals from the final order of the bankruptcy court2

 dismissing her adversary

proceeding against Singer Asset Finance Company, LLC. The bankruptcy court

determined that the adversary proceeding complaint dealt with pre-petition causes of

action which belonged to the estate and which should be administered by the Chapter

7 trustee. The bankruptcy court determined that the debtor did not have standing to

bring the action and dismissed the case. We affirm.

I.

Harrison was involved in pre-petition litigation which resulted in a settlement

agreement that provided for periodic payments from an annuity. Several years after

the periodic annuity payments began, Harrison entered into four separate contracts

with Singer Asset Finance Company, LLC (“Singer”). By such contracts she sold all

or part of her right to receive the periodic payments. However, shortly after entering

into the contracts, a dispute arose between Harrison and Singer with regard to the

terms of the contracts.

Singer brought suit in state court in New York to enforce the terms of the

contracts. Singer obtained a default judgment in New York and transcribed the

judgment to the State of California, the location of the annuity company, and began

garnishment proceedings against the monthly annuity payments. 

Harrison filed the underlying Chapter 7 bankruptcy case and listed an ownership

interest in the annuity. She scheduled the interest of Singer as an unsecured claim.

Singer moved for relief from the automatic stay to continue and complete its actions

in New York and California. The trustee entered into a stipulation for relief from the

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automatic stay to permit Singer to proceed in the other venues, reserving all rights

with regard to the estate and the debtor to contest the position of Singer.

In the underlying Chapter 7 case, the Chapter 7 trustee obtained permission of

the bankruptcy court to employ the services of an attorney in New York. Through the

work of that attorney, the Chapter 7 trustee was successful in obtaining an order

setting aside the default judgment in New York.

Harrison filed the adversary proceeding from which this appeal arose. The

adversary proceeding complaint alleges fraud on behalf of Singer with regard to the

origination of the contracts, and alleges that Singer breached a fiduciary duty to

Harrison. Singer moved to dismiss on the theory that the claims in the adversary

proceeding dealt with an alleged asset of the bankruptcy estate, which only the trustee

could assert.

Prior to a ruling on the motion to dismiss, the annuity company, Aurora

National Life Insurance Company (“Aurora”) filed a complaint in the underlying

Chapter 7 bankruptcy case, naming Harrison, the trustee, Singer and a purported

assignee, F.L. Assignments, as defendants. Aurora requests a determination of

ownership of the stream of payments under the annuity and an order directing payment

of the same. The payments are currently being deposited with and are under the

authority of the bankruptcy court. 

The bankruptcy court granted Singer’s motion to dismiss for lack of standing.

Harrison appeals the dismissal of her lawsuit on the theory that she has derivative

standing under Eighth Circuit precedent because the trustee failed to act to assert her

claims.

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II.

The issue of whether a party has standing to bring an adversary proceeding is

a question of law, subject to de novo review. Korte v. United States (In re Korte) , 262

B.R. 464, 470 (B.A.P. 8th Cir. 2001). 

III.

The position of Harrison is that the debtor has the right to proceed to administer

a pre-petition asset which is property of the bankruptcy estate, that is, the cause of

action alleged by Harrison against Singer, if the trustee unjustly refuses to act on

behalf of the estate for the benefit of the estate. Nangle v. Lauer (In re Lauer), 98 F.3d

378 (8th Cir. 1996) and In re Newcorn Enter., Ltd., 287 B.R. 744 (Bankr. E.D. Mo.

2002). The proposition is premised upon the inactivity of the trustee and the unjust

refusal of the trustee to act on behalf of the debtor or the estate. 

 In this case, the trustee has acted on behalf of the debtor and the estate. The

trustee entered into a stipulation for relief from the automatic stay but reserved all

rights of the debtor and the trustee to contest the claims of Singer. The trustee, with

the approval of the bankruptcy court, employed the services of legal counsel in New

York and was successful in setting aside the default judgment in New York. That

activity eliminated the right of Singer to enforce the judgment in either New York or

California. The trustee, as well as Harrison, is now a party to the litigation brought by

Aurora in the bankruptcy court which concerns the rights in and ownership of the

stream of annuity payments. 

There was no evidence presented to the bankruptcy court that the trustee had

failed to perform her duties. As mentioned above, it is clear that the trustee has

performed her duties and that all rights of the estate and the debtor in the annuity

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and/or in the contracts with Singer have been preserved and are before the bankruptcy

court.

The bankruptcy judge correctly applied the law. The debtor has no standing to

bring this action independently of the trustee. Mixon v. Anderson (In re Ozark

Restaurant Equip. Co.), 816 F.2d 1222, 1225 (8th Cir.) (causes of action belonging to

debtor at commencement of case pass to trustee to assert), cert. denied sub nom.

Jacoway v. Anderson, 484 U.S. 848 (1987); Cable v. Ivy Tech State College, 200 F.3d

467, 472 (7th Cir. 1999) (in liquidation proceedings, only the trustee has standing to

prosecute or defend claim belonging to estate). The trustee has performed her duties

appropriately and the case, with all of the issues that Harrison desires to raise, is now

before the bankruptcy court.

CONCLUSION

The order dismissing the adversary proceeding brought by the debtor

concerning pre-petition causes of action, for lack of standing, is affirmed.

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