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Parties Involved:
Rafael Jacobs
Appellant
United States of America
Appellee

Document Text:

FI LED 

United States Court of Appeals 

T~nth Grcuit 

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 

Plaintiff-Appellee, 

v. 

RAFAEL JACOBS, 

Defendant-Appellant. 

TENTH CIRCUIT 

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APR 171991 

ROBERT L. HOECKER 

Clerk 

No. 90-1173 

(D.C. No. 89-CR-200) 

(District of Colorado) 

ORDER AND JUDGMENT* 

Before McKAY, SEYMOUR, and EBEL, Circuit Judges. 

The parties to this appeal have waived oral argument. The 

case is therefore ordered submitted on the briefs. See Fed. R. 

App. P. 34(f); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.2. 

The appellant, Rafael Jacobs, is currently serving a twentyseven-month sentence of imprisonment for violation of 21 u.s.c. S 

846, conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute cocaine. Mr. 

Jacobs filed a prose motion seeking credit for time spent at 

Independence House, a community treatment facility, while he was 

* This order and judgment has no precedential value and shall 

not be cited, or used by any court within the Tenth Circuit, 

except for purposes of establishing the doctrines of the law of 

the case, res judicata, or collateral estoppel. 10th Cir. R. 

36.3. 

Appellate Case: 90-1173 Document: 010110034212 Date Filed: 04/17/1991 Page: 1 
1 on bond awaiting trial. The district court denied the motion, and 

Mr. Jacobs now appeals that denial. 

Mr. Jacobs claims that, because the terms of his conditional 

release placed limitations on his liberty, he is entitled to 

credit for time served under 18 u.s.c. § 3568. In addition to 

being required to reside at Independence House, Mr. Jacobs was 

forbidden to leave the state of Colorado without court permission, 

was required to refrain from possessing a firearm or from excessive use of alcohol or any use of narcotics, was required to surrender his passport and refrain from obtaining another passport, 

and was required to be subject to random urinalysis. 

We affirm the district court. This issue is squarely governed by United States v. Woods, 888 F.2d 653 (10th Cir. 1989). 

In Woods, a defendant sought credit for pretrial time spent in 

precisely the same facility, Independence House. This court 

stated: 

The statute governing credit for time served prior 

to trial provides in pertinent part: 

A defendant shall be given credit toward the service of a term of imprisonment for any time he has 

spent in official detention prior to the date the 

sentence commences --

(1) as a result of the offense for which the 

sentence was imposed .... 

18 u.s.c. § 3585(b) (emphasis supplied). 

For the purpose of calculating credit for time 

served under 18 u.s.c. § 3585, "official detention" 

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Appellate Case: 90-1173 Document: 010110034212 Date Filed: 04/17/1991 Page: 2 
means imprisonment in a place of confinement, not stipulations or conditions imposed upon a person not subject 

to full physical incarceration. Although a criminal 

defendant is entitled to credit under 18 u.s.c. § 3585 

for time spent in detention prior to commencement of 

sentence, no such credit is allowed for time spent on 

conditional release. 

Woods, 888 F.2d at 655 (citations omitted). This is the overwhelming majority rule. See,~, United States v. Figueroa, 828 

F.2d 70 (1st Cir. 1987); Villaume v. United States Dep't of 

Justice, 804 F.2d 498 (8th Cir. 1986), cert. denied, 481 U.S. 1022 

(1987); Cerrella v. Hanberry, 650 F.2d 606 (5th Cir. 1981); United 

States v. Robles, 563 F.2d 1308 (9th Cir. 1977), cert. denied, 435 

U.S. 925 (1978). Under the clear rule of the Tenth Circuit, 

Mr. Jacobs is not entitled to credit for time served at 

Independence House while he was on conditional release. 

This appeal is therefore DISMISSED. The mandate shall issue 

forthwith. 

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Entered for the Court 

Monroe G. McKay 

Circuit Judge 

Appellate Case: 90-1173 Document: 010110034212 Date Filed: 04/17/1991 Page: 3