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Parties Involved:
Sebastian Cordoba
Appellee
DIRECTV, LLC
Appellant
Rene Romero
Appellee

Document Text:

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 18-14832

________________________

D.C. Docket No. 1:15-cv-03755-MHC

SEBASTIAN CORDOBA, et al., 

 Plaintiffs-Appellees,

versus

DIRECTV, LLC, 

 Defendant-Appellant.

________________________

Appeal from the United States District Court

for the Northern District of Georgia

________________________

(February 19, 2020)

Before WILSON and GRANT, Circuit Judges, and MARTINEZ,∗ District Judge

PER CURIAM: 

∗ Honorable Jose E. Martinez, United States District Judge for the Southern District of Florida, 

sitting by designation.

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I. 

In 2015, Plaintiff Sebastian Cordoba filed a putative class action against 

DIRECTV, alleging violations of the Telephone Consumer Protection Act 

(“TCPA”). During the course of that underlying litigation and in preparing its 

defense, DIRECTV allegedly shared its customers’ personal information with its 

expert witness, Debra Aron. Specifically, DIRECTV is alleged to have created a 

data file containing, among others, certain customers’ accounts numbers, first and 

last names, account creation dates, and home and business telephone numbers. 

Plaintiff Rene Romero alleges that such disclosure was nonconsensual, and 

therefore, in violation of the Satellite Television Extension and Localism Act of 

2010 (“STELA”). 

On May 30, 2018, the district court granted Cordoba’s motion for leave to 

file a Third Amended Complaint, which added Romero as an additional plaintiff 

and a class representative for the STELA claim. DIRECTV responded by moving 

to compel arbitration under the arbitration provision in Romero’s 2016 Customer 

Agreement—or, in the alternative, under the 2014 or 2015 versions of the 

Customer Agreement.

The district court denied DIRECTV’s motion. The district court found that 

while Romero accepted the arbitration clause in the 2016 Customer Agreement, the 

arbitration provision therein did not encompass Romero’s STELA claims.

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In pertinent part, the 2016 Customer Agreement contains the following 

arbitration provision:

9.2 Arbitration Agreement

(1) DIRECTV and you agree to arbitrate all disputes and claims 

between us. This agreement to arbitrate is intended to be broadly 

interpreted. It includes, but is not limited to:

• claims arising out of or relating to any aspect of the 

relationship between us, whether based in contract, tort, 

statute, fraud, misrepresentation or any other legal theory;

The district court found that “the [Federal Arbitration Act] requires that the 

controversy ‘aris[e] out of’ the contract between the parties” and that “DIRECTV 

ha[d] not established that Romero’s claim arises from the 2016 Agreement.” 

Therefore, the court held, Romero’s STELA claim is not covered by the 

Agreement’s arbitration provision. This appeal followed. 

II.

We review the district court’s denial of a motion to compel arbitration de 

novo. MS Dealer Serv. Corp. v. Franklin, 177 F.3d 942, 946 (11th Cir. 1999). 

III.

There is an “emphatic federal policy in favor of arbitral dispute resolution.” 

Mitsubishi Motors Corp. v. Soler Chrysler-Plymouth, Inc., 473 U.S. 614, 631 

(1985). Courts are to construe “any doubts concerning the scope of arbitrable 

issues...in favor of arbitration.” Id. at 626. The Federal Arbitration Act (“FAA”) 

governs the validity of an arbitration agreement, and to further the FAA’s purpose 

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of “guarantee[ing] the enforcement of private contractual arrangements,” 

arbitration agreements must be interpreted consistent with “the clear intent of the 

parties...[and] the plain language of the contract....” E.E.O.C. v. Waffle House, 

Inc., 534 U.S. 279, 294 (2002).

Where an agreement “evince[s] a clear intent to cover more than just those 

matters set forth in the contract,” the Court has upheld and enforced broad clauses 

requiring arbitration of “all disputes between the parties to the agreement.” Bd. of 

Tr. of City of Delray Beach Police & Firefighters Ret. Sys. v. Citigroup Glob. 

Mkts., Inc., 622 F.3d 1335, 1343 (11th Cir. 2010) (internal quotation and citation 

omitted). In short, a “party cannot avoid arbitration...because the arbitration clause 

uses general, inclusive language, rather than listing every possible specific claim.” 

Brown v. ITT Consumer Fin. Corp., 211 F.3d 1217, 1221 (11th Cir. 2000).

IV.

That said, our holding is narrow. Without addressing the more general 

question of whether the relevant arbitration provision is in fact enforceable as to

“all claims and disputes” as DIRECTV contends, we find—based on the limited 

facts of this matter—Romero’s STELA claim indeed falls within its purview. 

The arbitration provision expressly governs “claims arising out of or relating 

to any aspect of the relationship between” the parties (emphasis added). Romero’s 

STELA claim is a direct derivative of his “relationship” with DIRECTV. Romero 

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alleges that DIRECTV violated Section 338(i)(4) of STELA, which prohibits a 

“satellite carrier” from the nonconsensual disclosure of “personally identifiable 

information concerning any subscriber.” 47 U.S.C. § 338(i)(4)(A).1 Romero is a 

paying subscriber of DIRECTV. That is the entirety of the relationship between the 

two. If not for Romero’s subscriber relationship with DIRECTV, the factual 

allegations underlying his claim would be non-existent—DIRECTV would not 

have his information to share. This subscriber relationship both predicates 

Romero’s STELA claim and delineates the “relationship” referenced and governed 

by the Customer Agreement’s arbitration provision. Accordingly, Romero’s 

STELA claim necessarily arises out of his relationship with DIRECTV as 

contemplated by the arbitration clause.

Simply put, without this subscriber relationship, Romero has no STELA 

claim. Therefore, because of this relationship, such STELA claim is subject to 

arbitration. 

IV.

Because Romero’s STELA claim is governed by the Customer Agreement’s 

arbitration provision, the district court erred in denying DIRECTV’s motion to 

compel arbitration. REVERSED and REMANDED.

1 The statute defines a “subscriber” as “a person or entity that receives a secondary transmission 

service from a satellite carrier and pays a fee for the service, directly or indirectly, to the satellite 

carrier or to a distributor.” 47 U.S.C. § 338(k)(9). 

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