Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00868/USCOURTS-caed-1_15-cv-00868-9/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Phillip Hall
Defendant
Richard Williford
Plaintiff

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

Defendant Phillip Hall seeks dismissal of the Second Amended Complaint filed by Richard 

Williford pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) and Rule 12(b)(6) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (Doc. 

40) Plaintiff filed his opposition to the motion on October 6, 2015 (Doc. 41), to which Defendant filed 

a reply on August 10, 2015 (Doc. 42). The Court reviewed the arguments of the parties, found the 

matter suitable for decision without oral arguments pursuant to Local Rule 230(g). 

Because Plaintiff fails to allege facts sufficient to support a finding that the Court should 

assume jurisdiction over his claims, which arise only under state law, the Court recommends that 

Defendant’s motion to dismiss be GRANTED and the matter be DISMISSED without prejudice.

I. Factual and Procedural History

Plaintiff initiated this action by filing a complaint on April 27, 2015. (Doc. 1) Defendant filed 

a motion to dismiss the complaint, asserting Plaintiff failed to establish that this Court has subject 

matter jurisdiction and clearly identify his claims, which the Court granted on June 22, 2015. (Doc. 23) 

RICHARD WILLIFORD,

 Plaintiff,

v.

PHILLIP HALL,

Defendant.

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Case No.: 1:15-cv-00868 - KJM - JLT

FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

GRANTING DEFENDANT’S MOTION TO 

DISMISS WITHOUT LEAVE TO AMEND 

(Doc. 40)

Case 1:15-cv-00868-KJM-JLT Document 45 Filed 10/30/15 Page 1 of 5
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Plaintiff filed his First Amended Complaint on July 16, 2015, in which he alleged Defendant 

usurped Plaintiff’s authority by giving instructions to the Mountain Meadows Community Service 

District without the authority to do so. (Doc. 22 at 1-2) In addition, Plaintiff asserted: “Defendant Hall 

made defamatory statement to the news reporter of [the] local newspaper,” including telling the reporter 

that “Plaintiff had misused District funds; was hiding something from [the] public ... [and] was 

operating [the] district illegally.” (Id. at 3) Plaintiff alleged Defendant “intentionally interfered with 

Plaintiff’s contractual prospective economic advantage” and “is responsible “for [Plaintiff’s] financial 

loss in the amount of gross contract with [the] District.” (Id. at 3, 4) Plaintiff also asserted Defendant is 

liable for defamation and a violation of California Civil Code § 52.1. (Id. at 4-5)

Defendant filed a motion to dismiss the First Amended Complaint, arguing the claims identified 

by Plaintiff arose under state law and he has failed to establish subject matter jurisdiction over the 

complaint. (Doc. 24) The Court granted the motion on August 17, 2015, reminding Plaintiff that he 

had a burden to allege facts sufficient to support the federal court jurisdiction. (See Doc. 37 at 4-5)

Plaintiff filed his Second Amended Complaint on September 18, 2015. (Doc. 39) Plaintiff 

alleges Defendant came to a board meeting of the Mountain Meadows Community Service District on 

April 15, 2015, where he “intervened, first attacking Plaintiff verbally and instructing [the] Board that 

the meeting was invalid.” (Id. at 1) Plaintiff alleges Defendant “then verbally instructed Plaintiff on 

how to do his job,” despite having “no authority to interfere.” (Id. at 2) According to Plaintiff, 

Defendant “had only one goal in mind... and was at the board meeting to cause harm to Plaintiff.” (Id.

at 2-3) Further, Plaintiff alleges Defendant told the newspaper that he did not “know what Mr. 

Williford is trying to do ... or what he might be trying to hide.” (Id. at 3) Defendant argues these 

allegations are not sufficient to support a determination that the Court has subject matter jurisdiction, 

and seeks dismissal of the Second Amended Complaint. (Doc. 40)

II. Motion to Dismiss Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1)

The district court is a court of limited jurisdiction, and is empowered only to hear disputes 

“authorized by Constitution and statute.” Kokkonen v. Guardian Life Ins. Co. of Am., 511 U.S. 375, 377 

(1994); Exxon Mobil Corp v. Allapattah Servs., Inc., 545 U.S. 546, 552 (2005). The federal courts are 

“presumed to lack jurisdiction in a particular case, unless the contrary affirmatively appears.” A-Z Int’l. 

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v. Phillips, 323 F.3d 1141, 1145 (9th Cir. 2003). Thus, a plaintiff bears the burden of demonstrating 

the Court has subject matter jurisdiction. Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377 (citing McNutt v. General Motors 

Acceptance Corp, 298 U.S. 178, 182-83 (1936)); Vacek v. United States Postal Serv., 447 F.3d 1248, 

1250 (9th Cir. 2006).

Pursuant to Rule 12(b)(1) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure, a party may challenge a 

claim for relief for lack of subject matter jurisdiction. A motion to dismiss under Rule 12(b)(1) “may 

either attack the allegations of the complaint or may be made as a ‘speaking motion’ attacking the 

existence of subject matter jurisdiction in fact.” Thornhill Pub. Co., Inc. v. Gen. Tel. & Electronics 

Corp., 594 F.2d 730, 733 (9th Cir. 1979) (citing Land v. Dollar, 330 U.S. 731, 735 (1947)). Thus, “[a]

jurisdictional challenge under Rule 12(b)(1) may be made either on the face of the pleadings or by 

presenting extrinsic evidence.” Warren v. Fox Family Worldwide, Inc., 328 F.3d 1136, 1139 (9th Cir. 

2003) (citing White v. Lee, 227 F.3d 1214, 1242 (9th Cir. 2000)). The Ninth Circuit explained: 

In a facial attack, the challenger asserts that the allegations contained in a complaint are 

insufficient on their face to invoke federal jurisdiction. By contrast, in a factual attack, 

the challenger disputes the truth of the allegations that, by themselves, would otherwise 

invoke federal jurisdiction. 

Safe Air for Everyone v. Meyer, 373 F.3d 1035, 1038 (9th Cir. 2004). 

Where, as here, a defendant presents a facial challenge to the Court’s jurisdiction, the Court 

must presume the truth of the plaintiff’s factual allegations “and draw all reasonable inferences in his 

favor.” Doe v. Holy, 557 F.3d 1066, 1073 (9th Cir. 2009); Savage v. Glendale Union High Sch. Dist. 

No. 205, 343 F.3d 1036, 1039 n.1 (9th Cir. 2003), cert. denied, 541 U.S. 1009 (2004). However, the 

Court should not “assume the truth of legal conclusions merely because they are cast in the form of 

factual allegations.” W. Mining Council v. Watt, 643 F.2d 618, 624 (9th Cir. 1981).

III. Discussion and Analysis

A federal court “ha[s] an independent obligation to address sua sponte whether [it] has subjectmatter jurisdiction.” Dittman v. California, 191 F.3d 1020, 1025 (9th Cir. 1999). It is the obligation of 

the district court “to be alert to jurisdictional requirements.” Grupo Dataflux v. Atlas Global Group, 

L.P., 541 U.S. 567, 593 (2004). Without jurisdiction, the district court cannot decide the merits of a 

case or order any relief. Morongo Band of Mission Indians v. Cal. State Bd. of Equalization, 858 F.2d 

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1376, 1380 (9th Cir. 1988). The burden of establishing jurisdiction rests upon plaintiff as the party 

asserting jurisdiction. Kokkonen, 511 U.S. at 377; see also Hagans v. Lavine, 415 U.S. 528, 543 (1974) 

(acknowledging that a claim may be dismissed for lack of jurisdiction if it is “so insubstantial, 

implausible, . . . or otherwise completely devoid of merit as not to involve a federal controversy within 

the jurisdiction of the District Court”). 

Previously, Plaintiff alleged claims for defamation; interference with a contract; and the 

California Civil Code § 52.1, also known as the Bane Act. (See Doc. 22 at 3-4) The Court informed 

Plaintiff these claims arise under California law and do not establish federal jurisdiction. See e.g., 

McKenzie v. Watkins, 2014 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 152347 at 6, n.2 (E.D. Cal. Oct. 27, 2014) (“Defamation, 

however, is a state law cause of action which does not provide this court with subject matter 

jurisdiction”); United Nat. Maint., Inc. v. San Diego Convention Ctr., Inc., 766 F.3d 1002, 1006 (9th 

Cir. 2014) (recognizing that a claim for tortious interference with contractual relations arises under 

California law); Parkison v. Butte County Sheriff’s Dep’t, 2013 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 35018, at *14, 27-28 

(E.D. Cal. March 13, 2013) (explaining the Bane Act is the manner for which a plaintiff to pursue civil 

rights violations under California law). The Court advised Plaintiff that “his failure to allege facts 

sufficient to support this Court’s jurisdiction will result in a determination that he is legally unable to do 

so and will be the basis of a recommendation that the matter be dismissed without leave to amend.” 

(Id. at 5, emphasis omitted)

Significantly, in the Second Amended Complaint, Plaintiff does not identify any causes of 

action. However, the facts alleged are consistent with those plead in the First Amended Complaint, 

because Plaintiff maintains that Defendant made statements with which Plaintiff disagreed at a board 

meeting, and made a defamatory statement about Plaintiff to a newspaper reporter. (Doc. 39 at 1-3; 

Doc. 22 at 1-3) Accordingly, the Court finds Plaintiff intended to proceed only upon the claims 

identified in the First Amended Complaint, which arise under state law.1

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Although Plaintiff alleged in the First Amended Complaint his “civil rights of freedom, dignity and respect” were violated 

by Defendant as support for his claim under the Bane Act, the Court observed that “Plaintiff failed to identify any specific 

Amendment to the United States Constitution or the California Constitution he believes is at issue.” (Doc. 37 at 4) The 

Second Amended Complaint suffers from the same deficiency. Thus, the Court concludes that Plaintiff’s refusal to identify 

the Constitutional Amendment he claims was violated by Hall, constitutes an admission that he cannot do so.

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IV. Findings and Recommendations

Previously, the Court granted Plaintiff two opportunities to file amended complaints that 

identify the claims upon which he seeks to proceed. (See Docs. 20, 37) Because Plaintiff has failed to 

identify any causes of action arising under federal law or allege facts sufficient for the Court to 

conclude it has jurisdiction over the matter, the Court finds further leave to amend is futile. Lopez v. 

Smith, 203 F.3d 1122, 1127-28 (9th Cir. 2000) (leave to amend is futile when the deficiencies cannot 

be cured). Accordingly, IT IS HEREBY RECOMMENDED:

1. Defendant’s motion to dismiss (Doc. 40) be GRANTED without leave to amend; and

2. The matter be DISMISSED WITHOUT PREJUDICE for lack of jurisdiction. 

These Findings and Recommendations are submitted to the United States District Judge 

assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Rule 304 of the Local 

Rules of Practice for the United States District Court, Eastern District of California. Within 14 days 

after being served with these Findings and Recommendations, any party may file written objections 

with the Court. Such a document should be captioned “Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and 

Recommendations.” The parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time 

may waive the right to appeal the District Court's order. Martinez v. Ylst, 951 F.2d 1153 (9th Cir. 

1991); Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 834 (9th Cir. 2014).

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: October 30, 2015 /s/ Jennifer L. Thurston 

UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE

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