Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-caed-1_24-cv-00554/USCOURTS-caed-1_24-cv-00554-2/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Bryan D. Phillips
Respondent
Alfonso Velasco Perez
Petitioner

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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

EASTERN DISTRICT OF CALIFORNIA

ALFONSO VELASCO PEREZ,

Petitioner,

v.

BRYAN D. PHILLIPS,

Respondent.

No. 1:24-cv-00554-KES-SKO (HC)

ORDER ADOPTING FINDINGS AND 

RECOMMENDATIONS, GRANTING 

RESPONDENT’S MOTION TO DISMISS, 

DISMISSING PETITION FOR WRIT OF 

HABEAS CORPUS, DECLINING TO ISSUE 

CERTIFICATE OF APPEALABILITY, AND

DIRECTING CLERK OF COURT TO ENTER 

JUDGMENT AND CLOSE CASE

Docs. 11, 15

Petitioner Alfonso Velasco Perez is a state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma 

pauperis with a petition for writ of habeas corpus pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 2254. In his petition, 

he asserts that his sentence is grossly disproportionate and violates the Eighth Amendment. Doc. 

1 at 4. This matter was referred to a United States Magistrate Judge pursuant to 28 U.S.C. 

§ 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302.

On August 16, 2024, the assigned magistrate judge issued findings and recommendations

to grant respondent’s motion to dismiss pursuant to Younger v. Harris, 401 U.S. 37 (1971). Docs. 

11, 15. Those findings and recommendations were served upon all parties and contained notice 

that any objections thereto were to be filed within twenty-one (21) days after service. No 

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objections have been filed, and the deadline to do so has expired. 

In accordance with the provisions of 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1), the Court has conducted a de 

novo review of the case. Having carefully reviewed the file, the Court concludes that the 

magistrate judge’s findings and recommendations are supported by the record and proper 

analysis. 

The Court notes that the date on which the magistrate judge issued findings and 

recommendations and the date of this Order are after the date the petitioner’s conviction became 

final on direct review: July 9, 2024. Doc. 15 at 2. Nevertheless, Ninth Circuit precedent is clear 

that the relevant time for considering whether Younger abstention applies is not when the federal 

court renders its judgment, but when the federal action is commenced. Fresh Int’l Corp. v. 

Agricultural Labor Relations Bd., 805 F.2d 1353, 1358 (9th Cir. 1986); Kitchens v. Bowen, 825 

F.2d 1337, 1341 (9th Cir. 1987) (“[T]he critical question is not whether the state proceedings are 

still ongoing, but whether the state proceedings were underway before initiation of the federal 

proceedings.” (quotations omitted)). If the federal action was commenced while state 

proceedings on his claim were pending, the federal court must abstain (assuming the four-part test 

for Younger applies, see Duke v. Gastelo, 64 F.4th 1088, 1094 (9th Cir. 2023)), regardless of 

whether the state proceedings concluded by the time the federal court acts. Id. 

Petitioner filed his federal petition on May 6, 2024, Doc. 1, and he asserts the same claim 

that he made in his direct appeal to the California court of appeal and the California Supreme 

Court, see id. at 2; People v. Perez, F085628, at *5 (Cal. Ct. App. Jan. 29, 2024). The state 

proceedings on his claim were still pending, even though the petition was filed after the 

California Supreme Court denied review, because the ninety-day deadline to appeal that decision 

to the United States Supreme Court did not pass until July 9, 2024. See Clay v. United States, 

537 U.S. 522, 527 (2003) (explaining that a state court criminal judgment becomes final when the 

United States Supreme Court “affirms a conviction on the merits on direct review or denies a 

petition for a writ of certiorari, or when the time for filing a certiorari petition expires.”).

Therefore, state proceedings concerning the constitutional claim presented here were not final, 

and the petition must be dismissed without prejudice pursuant to Younger. See Beltran v. 

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California, 871 F.2d 777, 782 (9th Cir. 1989).

Having found that petitioner is not entitled to habeas relief, the Court now turns to 

whether a certificate of appealability should issue. A petitioner seeking a writ of habeas corpus 

has no absolute entitlement to appeal a district court’s denial of his petition, and an appeal is 

allowed only in certain circumstances. Miller-El v. Cockrell, 537 U.S. 322, 335-336 (2003). If a 

court denies a habeas petition on the merits, the court may issue a certificate of appealability only “if 

jurists of reason could disagree with the district court’s resolution of [the petitioner’s] constitutional 

claims or that jurists could conclude the issues presented are adequate to deserve encouragement to 

proceed further.” Miller-El, 537 U.S. at 327; Slack v. McDaniel, 529 U.S. 473, 484 (2000). While the 

petitioner is not required to prove the merits of his case, he must demonstrate “something more than 

the absence of frivolity or the existence of mere good faith on his . . . part.” Miller-El, 537 U.S. at 

338. 

In the present case, the Court finds that reasonable jurists would not find the Court’s 

determination that the petition should be dismissed debatable, wrong, or deserving of encouragement 

to proceed further. Petitioner has not made the required substantial showing of the denial of a 

constitutional right. Therefore, the Court declines to issue a certificate of appealability.

Accordingly, 

1. The findings and recommendations issued on August 16, 2024, Doc. 15, are

adopted in full;

2. Respondent’s motion to dismiss, Doc. 11, is granted;

3. The petition for writ of habeas corpus is dismissed without prejudice; 

4. The Clerk of Court is directed to enter judgment and close the case; and

5. The Court declines to issue a certificate of appealability. 

IT IS SO ORDERED.

Dated: January 7, 2025 

 UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

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