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Parties Involved:
Ibrat Ilhamovich Djabbarov
Petitioner
U.S. Attorney General
Respondent

Document Text:

[DO NOT PUBLISH]

IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT

________________________

No. 14-11983

Non-Argument Calendar

________________________

Agency No. A088-399-203

IBRAT ILHAMOVICH DJABBAROV,

Petitioner,

versus

U.S. ATTORNEY GENERAL,

Respondent.

________________________

Petition for Review of a Decision of the

Board of Immigration Appeals

________________________

(January 22, 2015)

Before TJOFLAT, HULL and WILSON, Circuit Judges.

PER CURIAM: 

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Ibrat Ilhamovich Djabbarov, a native and citizen of Uzbekistan, seeks 

review of the Board of Immigration Appeals’s (“BIA”) final order affirming the 

Immigration Judge’s (“IJ”) denial of his claims for asylum and withholding of 

removal, and relief under the United Nations Convention Against Torture 

(“CAT”). After review, we deny Djabbarov’s petition for review.1

I. BACKGROUND

In March 2007, while in the United States on a visitor’s visa, Djabbarov 

filed an asylum application, claiming the Uzbekistani government had persecuted 

him because it believed Djabbarov was affiliated with Hizb-ut Tahrir, a radical 

political group that advocates for an Islamic government in Uzbekistan. Djabbarov 

claimed that between October 2004 and January 2006, government officials 

arrested and interrogated him three times, that he had to pay bribes to secure his 

release, and that, during his first arrest, he was beaten until he was unconscious. 

Djabbarov also claimed that his father was shot and killed when he and Djabbarov 

attended a political street protest in May 2005, and the Uzbekistani military fired 

on the protestors.

In May 2008, the Department of Homeland Security issued a Notice to 

Appear (“NTA”) charging Djabbarov with removability because his visitor visa 

 

1

Djabbarov failed to raise any argument concerning the denial of his future persecution 

claim (independent of his past persecution claim) or the denial of CAT relief, and thus he 

abandoned these claims. See Sepulveda v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1226, 1228 n.2 (11th Cir. 

2005).

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had expired. Djabbarov admitted the NTA’s allegations and conceded that he is 

removable.

After a hearing, the IJ discredited Djabbarov based on numerous 

inconsistencies between Djabbarov’s hearing testimony and other record evidence 

and denied all requested relief. The BIA affirmed the IJ’s adverse credibility 

finding and dismissed Djabbarov’s appeal. In seeking review before this Court, 

Djabbarov argues that the IJ’s credibility finding is not supported by specific, 

cogent reasons or substantial evidence.2

II. DISCUSSION

An asylum applicant must show, with specific and credible evidence, either 

past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution on account of a 

protected ground. Forgue v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1282, 1286-87 (11th Cir. 

2005); 8 C.F.R. § 208.13(b).3 While credible testimony may be sufficient to 

sustain an asylum applicant’s burden of proof without corroboration, Immigration 

and Nationality Act (“INA”) § 208(b)(1)(B)(ii), 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(ii), the 

weaker an applicant’s testimony, the greater the need for corroboration. Yang v. 

 

2

Because the BIA agreed with the IJ’s credibility finding, we review the decisions of both 

the IJ and the BIA. Mohammed v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 547 F.3d 1340, 1344 (11th Cir. 2008). The 

IJ’s credibility determination is a factual finding, which we review for substantial evidence. Id. 

Under the substantial evidence test, we will reverse the IJ’s credibility determination only if the 

record compels it. Forgue v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 401 F.3d 1282, 1286-87 (11th Cir. 2005).

3

Similarly, an applicant for withholding of removal must show that it was more likely 

than not that she will be persecuted on a protected ground. Mendoza v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 327 

F.3d 1283, 1287 (11th Cir. 2003); 8 C.F.R. § 208.16(b).

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U.S. Att’y Gen., 418 F.3d 1198, 1201 (11th Cir. 2005). Conversely, an IJ’s 

adverse credibility determination, alone, may support the denial of an asylum 

claim, but if the applicant produces evidence other than his testimony, the IJ and

the BIA must consider this evidence as well. Forgue, 401 F.3d at 1287.

Pursuant to the REAL ID Act, the IJ, in evaluating credibility, must consider 

the “totality of the circumstances,” including: (1) the applicant’s demeanor, candor, 

or responsiveness; (2) the inherent plausibility of the applicant’s account; (3) the 

consistency between the applicant’s written and oral statements; (4) the internal 

consistency of each statement; (5) the consistency of the statements with other 

record evidence; and (6) any other relevant factor. INA § 208(b)(1)(B)(iii); 8 

U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii); see also Chen v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 463 F.3d 1228, 1233

(11th Cir. 2006).

4

 Furthermore, any inaccuracy, inconsistency, or falsehood may 

be used to support an adverse credibility determination, regardless of whether it 

goes to the heart of the applicant’s claim. INA § 208(b)(1)(B)(iii), 8 U.S.C. 

§ 1158(b)(1)(B)(iii). In making an adverse credibility finding, the IJ must be 

explicit and offer “specific, cogent reasons” for the finding. Forgue, 401 F.3d at 

1287. “Once an adverse credibility finding is made, the burden is on the applicant 

 

4

The IJ’s credibility findings for purposes of determining eligibility for withholding of 

removal are also governed by 8 U.S.C. § 1158(b)(1)(B), as amended by the REAL ID Act. INA 

§ 241(b)(3)(C), 8 U.S.C. § 1231(b)(3)(C).

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alien to show that the IJ’s credibility decision was not supported by ‘specific, 

cogent reasons’ or was not based on substantial evidence.” Id.

Here, contrary to Djabbarov’s contentions, the IJ offered specific, cogent 

reasons for his adverse credibility finding. In particular, the IJ noted discrepancies 

between Djabbarov’s testimony and the evidence of record concerning: (1) 

Djabbarov’s birthplace; (2) his 2004 arrest; (3) the details of how he secured a 

visa; (4) the financing of his mother’s new apartment after fleeing to Tashkent; and 

(5) the government’s closing of his family’s business. 

Further, the IJ’s credibility finding is supported by substantial evidence. For 

example, while Djabbarov insists he was born in Andijan, his passport and visa 

paperwork list his place of birth as Tashkent. There are also multiple 

inconsistencies concerning Djabbarov’s October 2004 arrest. Although Djabbarov 

attributed his injuries to the actions of the Uzbekistani authorities, the hospital 

report he submitted as corroboration states that he sustained his injuries after being 

beaten in the street by unidentified individuals in October 2005. In addition, 

Djabbarov initially stated that his handcuffs were removed before the beating 

began, but later testified that officials placed him in handcuffs just prior to the 

beating. And, Djabbarov’s initial statement suggests he was detained for a single 

day, while he subsequently testified that the detention lasted two days.

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There are also discrepancies regarding where and for how long his mother 

resided in Tashkent after Djabbarov’s arrests. Initially, Djabbarov indicated that

his mother refused to leave Andijan because she was waiting for her husband to 

return. Later, however, Djabbarov testified that his mother accompanied him to 

Tashkent following his 2006 arrest. Djabbarov also testified that his mother could 

afford her new apartment in Tashkent because he sent her money, but a friend, 

Murod Rasulov, claimed that he purchased the apartment for her. 

Djabbarov was also inconsistent in recounting his father’s death. Initially, 

Djabbarov stated that, when his father fell to the ground, Djabbarov did not know 

his father had been shot until he turned him over. Djabbarov could not lift his 

father and had to flee. The next day, Djabbarov and his mother searched for his 

father among the wounded at hospitals, but did not find him. At the hearing, 

however, Djabbarov testified that he knew immediately that his father was dead 

upon seeing him on the ground, and searched for his father’s body the next day. 

But, the details changed again on cross-examination when Djabbarov said that, 

when his father was shot, he did not know in that moment whether his father was 

dead.

Given the numerous inconsistencies between Djabbarov’s testimony and the 

other record evidence, the record does not compel a conclusion that Djabbarov 

testified credibly. Although Djabbarov argues that he provided plausible 

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explanations for several identified inconsistencies, the IJ did not accept them. In 

any event, a tenable explanation does not compel us to overturn the IJ’s credibility 

determination. See Chen, 463 F.3d at 1233 (explaining that a petitioner’s 

explanations, although tenable, did not compel reversal of the IJ’s credibility 

finding); see also Lyashchynska v. U.S. Att’y Gen., 676 F.3d 962, 967 (11th Cir. 

2012) (“Where there are two permissible views of the evidence, the factfinder’s 

choice between them cannot be clearly erroneous.” (quotation marks omitted)).

Djabbarov’s argument that the IJ placed disproportionate weight on the 

discrepancies surrounding his place of birth lacks merit. First, the IJ relied upon a 

number of inconsistencies, only one of which was about his birthplace. Second, as 

the REAL ID Act clarified, any inconsistency may be used to support an adverse 

credibility determination, regardless of whether it goes to the heart of the asylum 

applicant’s claim or involves a minor detail. Finally, the IJ did not rely solely on 

the identified inconsistencies, but rather also noted that most of Djabbarov’s 

corroborating evidence—mainly sworn statements from friends and relatives in 

Uzbekistan—was either lacking in detail or completely devoid of any mention of 

the harm Djabbarov claimed to have suffered. 

The reasons given for discrediting Djabbarov are supported by substantial 

evidence, and Djabbarov does not contend that the other evidence in the record, 

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absent his discredited testimony, compels a conclusion that he was persecuted.5 

Because Djabbarov did not establish eligibility for asylum, his claim for 

withholding of removal also fails. See Al Najjar v. Ashcroft, 257 F.3d 1262, 1292-

93 (11th Cir. 2001).

PETITION DENIED.

 

5

Because the IJ’s adverse credibility determination is supported by substantial evidence, 

we do not address the IJ’s alternate finding that, even if Djabbarov’s testimony is taken as true, 

he failed to establish past persecution or a well-founded fear of future persecution.

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