Document ID: s3://data.kl3m.ai/documents/govinfo/USCOURTS/USCOURTS-ca4-19-04410/USCOURTS-ca4-19-04410-0/pdf.json

Parties Involved:
Kyle Thompson
Appellant
United States of America
Appellee

Document Text:

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS

FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 19-4410

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

KYLE THOMPSON,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of West Virginia, at 

Charleston. Joseph R. Goodwin, District Judge. (2:18-cr-00105-1)

Submitted: February 6, 2020 Decided: February 19, 2020

Before GREGORY, Chief Judge, and FLOYD and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

Andrew Courtenay Craig, Courtenay A. Craig, Huntington, West Virginia, for Appellant. 

Michael B. Stuart, United States Attorney, L. Alexander Hamner, Assistant United States 

Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Charleston, West Virginia, 

for Appellee. 

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit.

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PER CURIAM:

Kyle Thompson appeals the 60-month sentence imposed by the district court 

following his guilty plea to distribution of methamphetamine, in violation of 21 U.S.C. 

§ 841(a)(1) (2018). Thompson contends that (1) the test in U.S. Sentencing Guidelines 

Manual § 2D1.1(b)(1) (2018), to determine whether it was “clearly improbable” that he 

possessed a dangerous weapon in connection with drug trafficking, is unconstitutionally 

vague; (2) the district court erroneously applied the USSG § 2D1.1(b)(1) two-level 

enhancement; and (3) the district court failed to address Thompson’s eligibility for the 

“safety valve” provision in USSG § 5C1.2(a). We affirm.

Thompson first challenges the “clearly improbable” test, which rebuts the 

presumption that an offender possessed a dangerous weapon in connection with drug 

trafficking, as unconstitutionally vague. His claim is foreclosed by the Supreme Court’s 

decision in Beckles v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 886 (2017).

Next, Thompson asserts that the district court clearly erred by applying the USSG 

§ 2D1.1(b)(1) enhancement. See United States v. Manigan, 592 F.3d 621, 626, 631 (4th 

Cir. 2010) (stating standard of review); see also Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 

(2007) (discussing standard for reviewing sentences). The Government bears the initial 

burden of proving by a preponderance of the evidence that a defendant possessed a weapon 

in connection with drug activities. United States v. Bolton, 858 F.3d 905, 912 (4th Cir. 

2017). “If the Government satisfies this burden, the defendant may avoid the enhancement 

by showing that the weapon’s link to his . . . drug activities was clearly improbable.” Id. 

(internal quotation marks omitted); see USSG § 2D1.1 cmt. n.11(A). “[A] sentencing court 

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faced with whether to apply the weapon enhancement is entitled to take reasonable account 

of the settled connection between firearms and drug activities.” Manigan, 592 F.3d at 629. 

Our review of the record leads us to conclude that Thompson did not satisfy his burden 

and, therefore, that the district court did not clearly err in applying the enhancement. 

Thompson also asserts that the district court plainly erred in failing to raise sua 

sponte his eligibility for the safety valve provision. However, the defendant bears the 

burden of proving to the sentencing court by a preponderance of the evidence that he 

satisfied each of the safety valve’s five requirements. Bolton, 858 F.3d at 913. We 

conclude that Thompson did not meet his burden because he did not seek application of

the safety valve provision in the district court. 

Accordingly, we affirm the district court’s judgment. We dispense with oral 

argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials 

before this court and argument would not aid the decisional process. 

AFFIRMED

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